FORTHE PEOPLE 
FOR EDVCATION 
FOR SCIENCE 


LIBRARY 
OF 


THE AMERICAN MUSEUM 
OF 


NATURAL HISTORY 


; it 


\e 
( 


JOURNAL 


OF THE 


Cincinnati Society of Natural 
History. 


VOLS XA: 


IQOI—1906. 


PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY, 
OFFICE, 312 BROADWAY, CINCINNATI, OHIO. 


PRINTED BY 
‘THE KEBBERT & RICHARDSON Co. 


CINCINNATI. 


Officers of the Society, 1901-1906. 


President: 
CHR. R. HOLMES, M. D., I901-I904. GkEO.W. HARPER, LL.D., 1904-1905. 
CHAS. WM. DABNEY, LL. D., 1905-1906. 
First Vice-President: 
D. L. JAMES, 1901-1905. J. E.°C. KOHLSAAT, 1905-1906. 
Second Vice-President: 
T. H. KELLEY, 1901-1903. CH. DURY, 1903-1904. 
M. H. FLETCHER, M. D., 1904-1905. 
Secretary: 
ARCH I. CARSON, M. D., 1901-1903. G. A. HINNEN, M. D., 1903-1906. 


Treasurer: 
T. B. COLLIER, 1901-1906. 


Members at Large of the Executive Board: 


D. L. JAMES, I90I-1905. A. J. WOODWARD, M.D., 1901-1903. 
M. H. FLETCHER, M. D., 1901-1906. T. H. KELLEY, 1903-1906. 
W. H. FISHER, 1901-1906. Wo. C. JEWETT, C. E., 1903-1904. 


CHAS. DURY, I90I-1903, 1904-1906. Wo. OSBORN, A. M., 1904-1905. 
CHAS. H. CasTLE, M. D., 1905-1906. 


Trustees: 


F. M. Coppock 
AND 1901-1906. 
DUD NS 23 2 NG 


Present Staff of Museum and Library. 


WIRECHORS Rc 20 crsreiets Josua LINDAHL, PH.D., OFF. D’AC. (SINCE 1895.. 
Curators: 

HEL DALI 5... saa ce iis | Aer kraegee PROF. WALTER H. AIKEN (SINCE 1897). 

Minerals: 23 Vasu Wass oop ae Mr. HERMAN WUESINER ( ‘ Igor) 

Ornithology -eins. screens wees eee eee Mr. WM. CRAMER ( “_ 1904). 

Hntomology,; s:avuiccuwiasonns> see Mr. HAROLD M. BOWER ( ‘“ 1905). 


Publishing Committee. 


Josua LINDAHL, Editor. C. DuRY. 
D, lL. JAMES. C..G. LLoyp: 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
VOLUME XX. 


Page. 
WATCET SOL LIES OCICEYicic.oi sclaeete oe iaeistee Ble icssaie|e ola sietiarg Siete © see « ii 
Coritentsrofavoliusmie NOS oe ereliee sees Se clagh: .7 rs Ob anata eae oe iii 
Sicrieial baie IAs ante Sees iat etre hen Be Aner ti coceeee cnr ae eee ee I-2 


Article I.—Observations on the efferent neurones in the electric 
lobes of Torpedo occidentalis. By Shinkishi Hatai (Py. I-III). 1-12 
Article [I.—An investigation of the Vascular System of Bdedlosto- 


Ral) epee de cc enenen ee ehct erst ntsc areietone) are ev ecaamhaversnchaahearatoieteynieve arava, winiorave: oeta 13-48 
Article III.—The Geology of Cincinnati. By J. M. NIcKLES (PI. 
Pamap. One map skete in’ the text)... 2c. 0 ccc esteecvw eas 49-100 


Article I1V.—Description of anew Bryozoan Homotrypa bassleri, n. 

sp. from the Warren Beds of the Lorraine Group. By JoHN M. 

BUIcICnHS.. (hive fgwres in the text). 6 eiiiee a wen eh wiiewiets 2 Foe 103-105 
Article V.—A Revised list of the Coleoptera observed near Cincin- 

nati, Ohio, with Notes on localities, Bibliographical references, 

and description of five new species. By CHARLES DurY. (Six 

BME Seate Me CORE Ir v5.06 ciethisa ne peGire mt. ve acc’ ein" one vlshuata eee 4 apeaioaleye 107-198 
Article VI.—Check List of the Plants of Hamilton County Ohio, 

exclusive of the Lower Cryptogams. By WALTER H. AIKEN, 199-230 
Article VII.—List of Medicinal Plants, wild or cultivated, growing 

in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio, with notes as to the parts 


used for medicinal purposes. By WALTER H. AIKEN........ 231-234 
Article VIII.—Orthography of names of the Naiades. By Josua 

TU PUSA BATE GB 7s chs oy peek gene me mae Mec PRE reo ORCC rc aa r-2 35-243 
Article IX.—Pisolitic Barite. By HERMAN WUESTNER. (Four 

Gees hare Mo Gext)), 5... nes 2. <ogeie sac ee eamemaatinde, soos 245-250 
Article X.—Ecological Notes on some Coleoptera of the Cincinnati 

region, including six newspecies. By CHARLES DuRY........ 251-256 
Article XI.—Additions to the List of-Cincinnati Coleoptera. By 

EVAR S SIO WONG rere apeetesa awison nurse panacea hich asag tate yey ae ane d 257--260 


METS UOMV OUI CRONG os cys) aol w iotes wes ies Sev evones eaefereereatayee ls feign +, sejsiere oie 261-263 


ili 


Efferent Neurones in the Electric Lobes. ; I 


OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFERENT NEURONES 
IN tHE BLECTRIC: LOBES: OF TORPEDO :OCCI- 
DENTALIS. 


By SHINKISHI HaTal, 


(From the Biological Laboratory of the University of Cincinnati.) 


CONTENTS. 


I. Materials used and technique employed in the present 


MAVESEUP ALTON Stet etan sche tudiscm cede cheers) -alel os easi efotd (selec e ve es I 
II. Finer structure of the efferent neurones of the electric lobes 

PoE DOT DeECOpOEC UME tAlTS) 85ers. Ge oy ck y-iage he laishe st clelaets satehage, shoves 2 
III. Finer structure of the ground substance of the spinal gan- 

MMO Cel TH te AGUIE Wilte Babar te «reac. oe «gets eee he wee 3 6 
IV. Remarks concerning the structure of the ground substance 

MHP MI|EKVENCELIS eee re cn Lee ae DE ib aah ee Sin wide tethers fe) 
VASrS ULINITINA TY. 2 Evinceeoh ast Sees Ses, ob neh eke sialon ehose te ENGING ovale rboevieyea. II 
WaletesNSt ea tlOns. dedicat partes: 4. castes eels melons he Rlalahe oialavelte be wlone 12 


I. MATERIALS USED AND TECHNIQUE EMPLOYED 
IN THE PRESENT INVESTIGATION. 


For the present investigation, the efferent neurones in the 
electric lobes of 7Zorpedo occidentalis, and the spinal ganglion 
cells from the mid-cervical ganglia of the adult white rat 
were used. The body weight of the rat was 141 grams. 
The torpedo material, which was generously furnished by 
Dr. Ayers, had been preserved with 10% formaline. To pre- 
pare this, a thin piece was cut from the lobe and transferred 
to distilled water for about six hours in order to remove all 
the formaline. After thorough washing with water, the 
material was transferred to 35% alcohol, where it remained 
about one hour, and then it was carried through graded 
alcohols and imbedded in paraffine in the usual way. The 
sections were cut 12 » in thickness. For staining, a satur- 
ated aqueous solution of toluidin blue, and for contrast 
staining, an alcohol solution of erythrosin, were used. 


Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., VOL. XX, No. 1. I PRINTED OCTOBER I, Ig0I. 


2 . The Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


The spinal ganglion of the white rat was preserved with 
the author’s own mixture (formaline-acetic sublimate mix- 
ture) (*), and for staining, the reagents just mentioned 
were used. 


II. FINER. STRUCTURE OF THE EFFERENT NEURONES 
OF THE ELECTRIC LOBES IN TORPEDO 
OCCIDENTALIS. 


The efferent neurones of the electric lobes of Torpedo 
occidentalis are so large, more than o.r mm. in diameter, that 
they can easily be seen with the naked eye. Under moderate 
magnification, the cell bodies show numerous dendritic pro- 
cesses and the single axone is also visible in most cases. 

The general form of the cell body is somewhat similar to 
that of the motor cells in the ventral horn of the spinal cord 
_ in man and the higher mammals. In most cases, the nucleus 
lies on the side of the cell-body towards the axis- cylinder 
process. The nucleus is nearly spherical, and very large in 
size proportionately to the cell-body (40-30 »). The arrange- 
ment of the chromosomes in the nucleus is somewhat 
. peculiar. They do not show minute spherules suspended in 
the delicate meshwork of the linin substance, but instead of 
that, irregular large masses which fill up meshes of the linin. 

The nucleolus is always visible and lies at one pole of 
the nucleus. Curiously enough, the nucleolus, as a rule, lies 
in the same relative position in all the cells of a given 
section. : 

Under the higher magnification, the internal structure of 
the cell-body shows a fibrillar arrangement of the cytoplasm. 
The nature of this fibrillar structure will be discussed later 
on. In this chapter, only the general arrangements of these 
fibrils will be described. 

Briefly speaking, the cell-body, except the nucleus presents 
everywhere a fibrillar arrangement of the cytoplasm. The 
following descriptions apply to the serial sections of one cell 
(102 » in diameter, and 60 » in thickness), and give a 
general idea of the structure above mentioned. 


*) Hatai, S.— Finer structure of the spinal ganglion cells in the white rat.—_Jour. 
of Comp. Neurology, Vol. XI, No. 1, 1gor. 


Efferent Neurones in the Electric Lobes. 3 


Fig. 1 is a section passing through the periphery of the 
cell-body. In this figure, the dendritic processes are shown, 
but not the neuraxone. The position where the neuraxone 
will arise in the sections is marked by A. The fibrillar bun- 
dles which come from all dendritic processes of one side of 
the cell-body (a) take a curving course toward the axone 
hillock, thus forming an arrangement like an inverted U. 
Other fibrillar bundles come also from the dendrites on the 
other side (4) and take the same course toward the neuraxone. 
The dotted areas are interpreted as the cross-sections of 
the similar fibrillar bundles which, running through the cell- 
body in different directions, are therefore cut at different 
angles. In this figure, the fibrillar bundles connecting the 
dendrites with each other are shown very poorly. 


Fig. 2 is the section nearer the center of the cell-body and 
follows Fig. 1. In this figure, the four dendrites are shown 
clearly, and the localities of the neuraxone is indicated by 
“4,” although it does not appear at this level. The fibrillar 
bundles which form the neuraxone come from each of the 
dendrites. The dendrites themselves have close relations 
with each other by means of the connecting fibrillar bundles 
. passing between them. The nucleus is surrounded by the 
fibrils coming from one of the dendrites (c). The fibrillar 
bundles which come from the dendrites (@) also take a part 
in investing the nucleus. The cross-sections of the fibrillar 
bundles show as clearly separated groups. 


Fig. 3 is a section passing through the middle of the 
nucleus and follows Fig. 2. In this figure, the nucleolus is 
visible. The fibrillar arrangements are slightly different 
from those in the figures already given. In this section the 
fibrils do not form large bundles, but are divided into smaller 
strands and interwoven. ‘The intimate connections between 
the dendrites are clearly shown. The nucleus is also sur- 
rounded by the bundles of the fibrils, which come from some 
of the dendrites. Asa rule, in this level the fibrillar bundles 
near the nucleus are short, because bundles are, for the most 
part, cut more or less at right angles to their long axis. This 
suggests that the fibrillar bundles converge towards the 
nucleus. The peculiar arrangement of the fibrils near the 


3 


4 Cincinnatt Society of Natural Fiistory. 


nucleus has been described as “vortex” or “spiral,” or 
sometimes ‘“Gitterahnliche Anordnung.”’ On the contrary, 
the fibrillar bundles at the periphery present comparatively 
long sections. In this section, the neuraxone is not yet 
shown. 


Fig. 4 is a section of the cell- body at another level. In 
this figure, three dendrites, nucleus, and neuraxone are 
clearly shown. ‘The neuraxone ‘‘4”’ lies at one corner of the 
base of the rectangular cell-body. An intimate connection 
of each dendrite with that of the other, and also of all the 
dendrites with neuraxone is clearly shown in this figure. 
A curious arrangement of the fibrils is noticeable very near 
the axone hillock, where the fibrillar bundles have a beauti- 
ful spiral arrangement. This spiral arrangement is produced 
by the fibrils coming from various dendrites as is shown in 
the illustration. In this figure, connecting fibrils between 
the dendrites (a) and (c) are shown very clearly. 


Fig. 5 isa section passing through the periphery of the 
side opposite to that shown in Fig. 1. In this figure, four 
dendritic processes are plainly shown — one from each corner 
of asomewhat rectangular-shaped cell-body. The position 
from where the neuraxune will arise in other section is’ 
marked by ‘“‘4.” A clear oblong space near the center of 
the cell-body is the place where the nucleus lies in the other 
sections. The fibrillar bundles which come from the den- 
drite (a) run towards the dendrites (c,d) along the one side 
of the nucleus, and finally enter the dendrites (c,d). Along 
the course, a few small fibrillar bundles diverge towards the 
periphery of the cell-body. The fibrillar bundles which 
come from the dendrites (6) run toward the dendrites (c, d) 
in a somewhat similar manner to those from the dendrite (a). 
In this case, the fibrillar bundles divide into two branches at 
the nucleus and after encircling the nucleus, they enter in the 
dendrites (c, a) and become continuous with those from the 
dendrite (a). From the base of the dendrite (4), small fibrillar 
bundles are distributed toward the neuraxone. From the 
dendrites c, d, the bundles of fibrils arise, and run toward the 
neuraxone. Along their course, these bundles are increased 
by the addition of numerous bundles of fibrils which come 


4 


Efferent Neurones in the Electric Lobes. 5 


from the periphery of the cell-body to form the yet larger 
bundles found in the axone hillock. The dendrites a and 6 
- are subdivided into two branches. In this case the branches 
are also connected by a few fibrils. These branches which 
are divided from the main dendrites (a, 6,) receive fibrils from 
various regions of the cell-body. 


From the above description, two important relations are 
evident: (1) That each dendrite is connected by the fibrillar 
bundles with several and possibly all the others, and (2) in 
each case, the nucleus is partially surrounded or encircled by 
the fibrillar bundles, on their way from the dendrites to enter 
into the neuraxone. 


As arule, the fibrils in the dendrites are very conspicuous, 
presenting long continuous lines, while in the cell-body they 
take tortuous or irregular courses, so that the cross-section 
of the cell-body presents minutely dotted areas, representing 
the cross-section of the bundles. From this, it is inferred 
that the entire course of some of the bundles must be very 
complex. 


Fig. 6 is a diagrain reconstructed from the serial sections 
of the cell-body in order to depict schematically its structure 
and to show the fibrillar tracts distributed throughout it. 
Let us take any one of the dendrites from the Fig. 6, and 
trace the lines which represent the fibrillar bundles. In the 
dendrite (4), black continuous lines present the out-going 
fibrillar bundles, while dotted lines in the same dendrite 
represent the in-coming fibrillar bundles from other dendrites. 
If we trace one of the black lines (3), it enters into the den- 
drites which lie in both sides, and other black lines (1) run 
toward the nucleus and partially encircle it. The fibrils con- 
tinue from the nucleus toward the axone and finally enter 
into the axis cylinder. In the remaining dendrites, the 
fibrillar tracts are just the same in their distribution with 
those of dendrites (0). 

In some cases, the fibrillar bundles which run from the 
dendrite not only enter into the dendrites which lie nearest 
on both sides, but they also connect with other dendrites 
further distant (2). In the cross-section of the cell-body, we 
notice very often the following appearance: ‘The neighbor- 


5 


6 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


hood of the nucleus is composed of peculiarly arranged 
fibrils, forming a “‘spiral”’ or ‘“‘swirl.”” These appearances 
are caused by the fibrils, which take very irregular courses 
and partially encircle the nucleus in a tortuous manner. 


III. FINER STRUCTURE OF THE GROUND SUBSTANCE 
OF THE SPINAL GANGLION CELLS IN THE 
ADULT WHITE RAT. 


It remains to discuss the real nature of the fibrillar struc- 
tures mentioned above, and to this end the structure of the 
ground substance of the nerve-cells must first be considered. 

Concerning the structure of the ground substance in nerve- 
cells, two main views are held: the “fibrillar” and “ non- 
fibrillar”? structure. The former theory may also be sub- 
divided. One view is represented by the theory of Bethe (*) 
who regards.the ground substance as composed of “ Peri 
Fibrillar Substanz’’ and ‘‘Fibrillen.”? The so-called Fibrillen 
are independent individuals distributed throughout the cell- 
body in a certain way, where they neither anastomose nor 
branch. Another fibrillar theory is that of Apathy (’). 
According to this author, the primitive neurofibrils are to be 
distinguished by means of special technique, in the nerve- 
cells as Bethe describes. These fibrils however, are not 
isolated, but are connected with each other by means of deli- 
cate branches, thus forming a very complicated anastomosis 
within the nerve-cells. 

The non-fibrillar theories may also be divided into two 
groups, represented by the theory of Apathy ('), Nansen 
(7), Biitschli (*), etc. Nansen holds the view of primitive 
tubular structure of the formation of the ground substance 
of the nerve-cells, that is, the ground substance is entirely 
composed of extremely small tubules which are directly 
continuous with the neuraxone. 

*) Bethe, A.—Uber die Primitiy Fibrillen in den Ganglien-zellen von Menschen 
und Wirbelthieren.— Arch. ftir Mikrosk. Anat., Bd. 51. 


(1) Apathy.— Das leitende Element des Nervensystems, u. s. w.— Mitheil. d. 
Zoolog. Station zu Neapel, B’d NII, ’97. 


(2) Nansen, F.—The structure and combination of the histological elements of 
the central nervous system.— Bergen, ’87. 


(3) Butschli.—Investigations on microscopic forms and on protoplasm.—’g4. 
Translation to English. 


6 


Efferent Neurones in the Electric Lobes. a 


Biitschli, Held ('), Van Gehuchten (*), Von Lenhossek (°), 
Ramon y Cajal (*), Marinisco (°), Ewing (°), a.o., hold 
the view of reticular or spongy formation of the ground 
substance, stating that the fibrillar structure described by 
others are not true fibrils but rows of fine granules which 
form the reticular arrangement of the ground substance. 


The writer’s observations on this subject are as follows: 
The ground substance of the spinal ganglion cells of the 
white rat exhibits a reticular structure as shown in Fig. 7. 
The meshes of the reticulum are very small but conspicuous. 
The size and form of the meshes vary. Generally, in the 
clear zone at the periphery of the cell-body, the meshes are 
always larger and more conspicuous than in the remaining 
part. In the neighborhood of the axone hillock the meshes. 
are not only much diminished in size, but also they are much 
elongated along one axis. Around the nucleus, the meshes 
reach a minimum size. The form of the reticulum at the 
periphery shows meshes of a somewhat polygonal shape, but 
in the remaining part of the cell these meshes are elongated, 
especially around the nucleus and near the neuraxone. Upon 
examining with a higher magnification, the protoplasmic 
threads or filaments which forms the reticulum, we see that 
it is not smooth but has a somewhat varicose appearance, due 
to the presence of small bead-like arrangements on the 
course of the filaments. ‘This bead was called by Held (*) 
a “‘neurosome,”’ who discovered the occurrence of the neuro- 
some not only at the connecting point of the net but also 
inside the net. The writer noticed the occurrence of these 
structures not only at the connecting points of the net but 
also in the course of the filament, but could not find them 
inside the reticulum. 


(1) Held.— Beitrige zur Strukturen der Nerven-zellen und ihren Fortsitze.— 
Erste Abhandlung. Arch. fiir Anat. und Entwickelungs. Anat. Abth., ’95. 


(2) Van Gehuchten.— Anatomie du systém nerveux de l’homme.— Lauvain, 1894. 
(3) Von Lenhossek.— Feinere Bau des Nervensystems.—’95. P. 147. 


(4) Cajal. Estructura del protoplasma nerviso.— Revista trimestral micro- 
grafica, Vol. I, fasc. 1, ’96. 


(6) Marinisco.— Pathologie générale de la cellule nerveuse.— La Presse Médi- 
cale, ’97. 


(6) Kwing.—Studies on ganglion cells.— Arch. of Neurol. and Psychopathol., 
Wools T, Noss. 2798: 


(*) Held.— Loc. cit. 


8 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


This bead or neurosome has peculiar chemical affinities for 
the staining fluids. Eosin or erythrosin stain this element 
very deeply, so that it can easily be distinguished from the 
rest of structures. The fine filament joining these beads 
seems to be slightly different from the neurosome itself, as is 
shown by a slightly different staining reaction. It seems, 
indeed, that these neurosomes are a highly differentiated 
portion of the protoplasm which forms the reticulum. 


The form and size of the neurosomes are different in 
different localities, as has been already described by Held. 
These structures are especially numerous within the axone 
hillock and intracellular extension of the axone. At the 
periphery of the spinal ganglion cells, the individual meshes 
of the reticulum are so large that the neurosomes are less 
crowded, hence, in this region, they are scattered very irregu- 
larly. But on the contrary, in the remaining parts of the 
cell, the meshes of the reticulum are elongated in shape and 
the rows of neurosomes become more crowded together, thus 
giving the fibrillar appearence. At first glance, this arrange- 
ment of neurosomes looks very much like the fibrils which 
have been described by many authors. Careful observations, 
however, show that these lines appearing like fibrils are 
composed of a row of minute beads arranged serially. 
Moreover, these pseudo-fibrils are connected by protoplasmic 
threads, thus forming the reticulum. This structure is shown 
in Fig. 7. Around the nucleus these neurosomes form some- 
what concentric lines in a very beautiful. manner. But 
gradually the figure becomes irregular as the reticulum 
approaches the periphery. ‘This is the appearance generally 
found in the spinal ganglion cells. Sometimes the cell shows 
different arrangement of neurosomes, namely, concentric 
lines at the periphery but not in the neighborhood of nucleus. 
Still other variations in arrangement are found. 

Graf (*) noticed the fibrils which are composed of a row of 
minute beads, in the Purkinji cells of human cerebellar cor- 
tex. Hesaid: ‘The cytoplasma show the most beautiful 
fibrillar structure that I have ever seen. The fibrille are 


! 


*) Graf, A—On the use and properties of a new fixing fluid (chrom - oxalic.) — 
Bull. of Pathol. Institute of the New York Hospitals, ’97. Vol. II, p. 386. 


8 


Efferent Neurones in the Electric Lobes. 9 


exceedingly fine and are very regularly arranged in the cell- 
processes and on the surface of the cell, whereas they form a 
more intricate network in the center of the cell, especially 
around the nucleus. By closer observation of a favorable spot 
(the best places are where the stain is not very intensive) 
we notice that the finest cytoplasmic fibrilla are not smooth, 
like smooth muscle fibrils, for instance, but are composed of 
a row of minute beads closely arranged in single file.” 


Held believes that the fibrils, according to some investi- 
gators, are in reality identical with rows of neurosomes. He 
hints that some of the fibrils represent bands of neurosomes; 
other fibrils described by Flemming are bundles of cyto- 
spongium. 

My own observations support Held’s suggestion. My prep- 
arations show sometimes exactly the fibrillar structure de- 
scribed by Graf, and I find this condition in the efferent 
neurones of the Torpedo, as well as in the spinal ganglion 
cells in the white rat. These fibrils can always be resolved 
into rows of neurosomes. 

Another important point is, that the meshes of the reticu- 
lum in the cell-body become more and more elongated toward 
the axis cylinder. Thus it looks as if the fibrils are radiating 
from the axone around the nucleus. 

The peculiar character of the region from where the axis 
cylinder originates was first described by Schiffer ('). 

This region of the cell-body he called the ‘‘axone hillock.” 
It is admitted by most investigators that the axone hillock, 
as well as the axis cylinder, show a parallel arrangement of 
cytoplasm. The writer notices also these arrangements of fine 
cytoplasmic threads, which carry the neurosomes, showing a 
convergent arrangement toward the axis cylinder. In this 
region the meshes of the reticulum are very small, but care- 
ful examination shows that the axone hillock, as well as axis 
cylinder, are composed of an altered reticulum. 

The arrangement of neurosomes, except in the axone hil- 
lock, is not the same in all nerve-cells, but differs according 
to the type of the cells. 

(1) Schiffer, K.— Kurze Aumerkung iiber die Morphologische Differenz des Axen 


Cylinders in Verhailtnisse zu dem Protoplasmatischen Fortsiitze bei Nissl’s 
Farbung.— Neurol. Centralbl., Leipzig, Bd. XII, ’93, S. 849-851. 


2 


ite) Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


In the motor ganglion cells in the anterior horn of the 
spinal cord, the neurosome presents quite a different arrange- 
ment from that of spinal ganglion cells. In the former group 
the meshes of the reticulum do not show the honey-comb 
form, but an elongated shape. The cytoplasmic thread car- 
ries a great number of neurosomes, which form straight 
chains. These chains run parallel to the periphery toward 
the dendrites, as well as toward the axis cylinder. Around 
the nucleus, however, these chains have the arrangement 
found in the spinal ganglion cells. 


The Purkinjii cells in cerebellar cortex in the white rat 
show still a different arrangement of neurosomes. In these 
cells the neurosomes accumulate at the base of the main den- 
drites, showing very intricate arrangement. But near the 
entrance of the dendrites the irregular chains rearrange 
themselves, forming a regular line of neurosomic fibrils. The 
remaining part of the cell-body show nearly the same arrange- 
ment as that of the spinal ganglion cells. 


IV.—REMARKS CONCERNING THE STRUCTURE OF THE 
GROUND SUBSTANCE IN NERVE CELLS. 


As has been mentioned already, the ground substance of 
the spinal ganglion cells of the white rat presents very clearly 
the reticular structure. ‘This structure, however, is altered 
by the growth of cell-body; for example, the prolongation of 
the axis cylinder from the cell-body is accompanied by an 
elongation of the primitively polygonal meshes of the reticu- 
lum, thus giving a fibrillar appearance to the ground sub- 
stance. 

The same holds true in the case of the Torpedo. The ap- 
parent fibrils result from alterations in the reticulum, and, 
therefore, should not be compared to those of Bethe’s. Al- 
though, in the case of the Torpedo, the reticulum is hard to 
see, yet it is sometimes clearly demonstrable in thin sections 
properly stained. 

In the spinal ganglion cells of the higher mammalia, except 
in Dogiel’s second type of cells, the cell - body sends off only 
one prolongation, while in the case of Torpedo, the efferent 


IO 


Efferent Neurones in the Electric Lobes. II 


neurones of the electric organ give numerous processes from 
the cell-body. In the former case, the meshes of the reticu- 
lum are changed gradually from a regular polygonal form 
to those much drawn-out in the axone hillock. In the 
case of the Torpedo, however, the arrangement of the 
reticulum is modified not only toward the axis cylinder, but 
in every part of the cell-body from which dendritic processes 
arise. The appearances in Torpedo can be explained as a 
result of the growth changes of the cell-body. Judging from 
what we find in the rat, we assume in the first place the spinal 
ganglion cell to be a spherical mass filled by the wide meshed 
reticulum. For the same reason we assume that this spheri- 
cal mass is pulled out at each point where there is a dendrite, 
and thus modified as it is where the neuraxone is formed 
from the axone hillock. Asa result, the primitive polygonal 
meshes are transformed mechanically by the growth changes 
and thus give rise to the fibrillar appearance. If numerous 
processes are formed by the cell, as in the case of Torpedo, 
’ then the resulting appearance is quite complex. But the 
principle of its formation is the same as in the more simple 
spinal ganglion cell. The so-called fibrillar arrangement 
in the writer’s preparation is thus explained: 


V.—SUMMARY. 


1. The efferent neurones of the electric lobes of Zorpedo 
occidentalis present a fibrillar appearance of the ground 
substance. 

2. This appearance, however, is due to an alteration in the 
shape of the meshes of the reticulum, and, therefore, it can- 
not be compared with the fibrils described by Bethe, Apathy, 
and others. 

3. The meshes of the reticulum, which are regarded as the 
primitive by the present writer, are altered by the growth of _ 
the cell-body where the processes, both axone and dendrite, 
arise and become extremely elongated in these branches. 

4. Gradations from the primitive shape of the meshes to 
the altered form which appears fibrillar, are clearly visible in 
the spinal ganglion cells of the white rat. 


II 


12 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


VI.—ILLusTRATIONS. (Plate I.) 


FIG. 1-5—Five serial sections from a single efferent neurone in electric 
lobe of Torpedo occidentalis. Mean diameter of the cell- 
body (120y.x 83); of the nuclei (37 » x 34 #). 


Fic. 6—Diagram showing the fibrillar arrangement of the efferent 
neurone in an electric lobe of Zorpfedo occidentalis. 


F1G. 7—Spinal ganglion cell from the mid-cervical ganglia of the adult 
white rat. Cell-body (41 » x 30); nucleus (15 » x 15 p#). 


I2 


The Journal of the Cin. Soc. of Natural History. 


Wor oxo. No. I. PLATE 1. 


Hata Efferent Neurones. 


Oy, ay 
ae 


o.s 
~ ‘ , 
oN if 109, in 


sala 


Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 13 


AN INVESTIGATION OF THE VASCULAR SYSTEM 
OF BDELLOSTOMA DOMBEYI. 


The Cyclostomata derive their interest and importance 
from the fact that they are not only the lowest of the Crazzata, 
but also possess many structural features which are undoubt- 
edly ancestral in their character. As Dr. Ayers has main- 
tained, too little attention has been paid to this class, espec- 
ially to the Myxinoid division. With the exception of 
Johannes Miiller’s ‘“‘Vergleichende Anatomie der Myxi- 
noiden”’ (published 1834-1842), the Myxinoids, especially 
Bdellostoma, have scarcely been touched. A closer examina- 
tion of the anatomy of the blood-vascular system of Bdello- 
stoma, and a discussion of a few points concerning its com- 
parative anatomy in the light of our present knowledge, is 
the purpose of this paper. 

The material used in the following investigation included 
several injected specimens, and a large number of uninjected 
specimens of Bdellostoma dombeyi collected by me during 
the summer of 1897, in the, Bay of Monterey, at Pacific 
Grove, California. Carmine-gelatine was used for injection, 
and the specimens were preserved in alcohol-formalin mix- 
ture (95 per cent alcohol, 6 parts; 2 per cent formalin, 4 
parts). For comparison I have used specimens of Bde/lo- 
stoma forsteri (from the Cape of Good Hope), Petromyzon, 
Myxine, etc., belonging to Dr. Ayers, under whose direction 
the following investigation was made. 


THE HEART. 


Ghioures [TE Ih aise. Ix, Xo XT V): 

The heart is composed of three chambers — sinus venosus, 
auricle, and ventricle. 

The szzus venosus (Figs. I, I, S), (gemeinschaftlichen Kér- 
pervenenstamm of Miiller), is that part of the heart which 


Jour. Crn. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vov. XX, No. 1. I PRINTED OCTOBER 24, I901, 


14 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


receives the blood from the venous system. It is an elon- 
gated thin-walled sac, about 2 cm. in length, situated a little 
to the left of the median line, just above the anterior lobe of 
the liver, and between the sheets of mesentery which form 
the hepatic ligament. The larger posterior portion lies just 
below the alimentary canal, and anterior to the gall cyst. The 
smaller anterior portion lies beneath the auricle (A). The 
sinus lies outside the pericardial cavity, but is partially 
enclosed between the layers of the mesocardium. It is 
dilated posteriorly, being somewhat quadrilateral in outline, 
and compressed laterally. In this region the sinus receives, 
on the right side, the anterior and posterior hepatic veins 
(ha, hp). At the posterior extremity it receives the pos- 
terior common cardinal trunk (pec). Anteriorly, it receives, 
on the left side, the left anterior cardinal vein (acl). The 
narrow anterior portion of the sinus venosus receives the 
inferior jugular vein (jv) just anterior to the sinu-auricular 
aperture, which lies in the dorsal wall near the anterior end. 


The auricle (Figs. 1, II, III, A) lies immediately above and 
anterior tothe sinus. It occupies the left portion of the peri- 
cardial cavity, and is surrounded by the pericardium (its rela- 
tions to which will be described in detail later). The auricle 
is the largest of the cardiac divisions, and, when expanded, 
almost completely fills the left pericardial cavity. When con- 
tracted, however, it is smaller than the ventricle, since it is 
very thin-walled. It is an elongated sac, irregular in shape, 
and flattened dorso-ventrally. ‘The exact position and extent 
varies considerably in different specimens. It is somewhat 
irregularly convex, except the inner and upper walls. These 
are usually concave, on account of being closely apposed to the 
ventricle during life. The auricle usually lies for the most 
part on the left side of the alimentary canal. Posteriorly, the 
auricle is closely connected ventrally with the sinus, com- 
municating with it through the sinu-auricular aperture. On 
the right side it communicates with the ventricle through a 
short canal, the ductus auricularis. (See Figs. landII.) This 
duct, though well marked in some specimens, is obscured in 
others by the approximation of the auricular and ventricular 
walls. It is really a constricted portion of the auricle at the 
auriculo-ventricular aperture. The margin of the auricle 


2 


Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 15 


behind this duct usually projects as a lateral pocket into the 
right pericardial cavity. The auricle is attached ventrally 
and internally (z. e., to the left) by the mesocardium. ‘The 
anterior and posterior extremities of the auricle, however, 
project freely into the over-lying pericardial cayity. 

The cavity of the auricle (Fig. III) is very irregular. 
Beside the three pocket-like spaces (anterior, posterior, and 
lateral), the cavity is made irregular by a network of mus- 
cular trabeculze which project from the walls, and sometimes 
across the cavity. The auricle has two openings. The 
afferent, or sinu-auricular aperture, is in the posterior por- 
tion of the floor. On viewing the floor from above, the long 
narrow slit-like opening is seen extending diagonally from 
side to side. The opening is guarded by two thin mem- 
branous valves (Fig. III, sav), whose free margins readily 
allow the influx of blood, but effectually prohibit its reflux. 
A short distance anterior from the sinu-auricular opening we 
find the auriculo-ventricular aperture, an oval foramen, on 
the right side in the duct previously described. This aper- 
ture is also guarded by a pair of valves, semi-lunar in shape; 
one lying anterior and the other posterior to the opening. 
These valves are smaller but stronger than the sinu-auricular 
valves. During the flow of blood from the auricle into the 
ventricle they lie flattened against the sides of the duct, with 
their free margins extending toward the ventricle and offer- 
ing no resistance to the flow of blood. During the ven- 
tricular systole the valves prevent the reflux of blood by the 
apposition of their free margins in the median line, com- 
pletely closing the channel. 

The ventricle (Figs. I, II, III, V) is an ovoidal sac, slightly 
elongated and flattened dorso-ventrally. The lateral margin 
on the left side, next to the auricle, is less convex than that 
on the right. The ventricle is nearly in the median line 
of the body, just below the alimentary canal. It lies to 
the right of the auricle, somewhat ventral and anterior to it. 
The wall of the ventricle is much thicker than that of the 
auricle, and encloses a cavity shaped like a Scottish bag-pipe 
(See Fig. III). The inner surface of the wall, like that of the 
auricle, is marked by projecting muscular trabeculae. There 
are two openings into the ventricular cavity. The afferent, 


3 


16 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


or auriculo-ventricular is an oval foramen situated near the 
posterior end on the inner side. It corresponds to the end of 
the short ductus auricularis already described. The foramen 
ordinarily measures about a millimeter in diameter in indi- 
viduals of fifty centimeters length. The afferent or aortic 
aperture lies at the anterior extremity of the ventricle. It is 
nearly circular in outline and is likewise guarded by a pair of 
strong semi-lunar valves, one dorsal and one ventral. These 
are the strongest and thickest of the cardiac valves. They 
contain much elastic tissue, and are continuous with the 
walls of the aorta at its base. Their action is similar to that 
of other valves. 
PERICARDIAL CAVITY. 

The alimentary canal in Bdellostoma is suspended from the 
mid-dorsal line of the body wall by a mesentery, which is 
formed by the reflection of the lateral peritoneal sheets. (See 
Fig. IV.,m.). Ventral to the alimentary canal, in the anterior 
abdominal region, the liver is likewise enclosed by a contin- 
uation of the same mesentery. (See Fig. V, L). Above the 
anterior lobe of the liver, the lateral peritoneal sheets do not 
meet above the alimentary canal to form a distinct mesentery. 
They are widely separated, and in the space between them 
‘the pericardial cavity is formed, just above the anterior lobe 
of the liver. The relations of the peritoneal and pericardial 
cavities are shown in diagram VI, which represents a cross- 
section through that region. For convenience of descrip- 
tion, we may conceive of the pericardial sac as formed by an 
evagination of the peritoneal membrane on the right side 
into the space above the anterior lobe of the liver, and below 
the alimentary canal. The sac formed by this evagination is 
in turn zxvaginated by the pushing in of the heart (V) from 
below. In this way the pericardial membrane becomes 
arranged to form a double wall made up of two layers — an 
outer (O), or parietal layer, which encloses the pericardial 
cavity (pec), and which is reflected to form the inner, or 
visceral layer (1), which immediately invests the heart. By 
the approximation of the pericardial layers, where they are 
reflected over the heart, a ventral cardiac ligament, the meso- 
cardium (cm) is formed. The mesocardium partially sep- 
arates the general pericardial cavity into two unequal divi- 


4 


Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 17 


sions, right and left. These two cavities communicate freely 
with each other dorsally (above and behind the heart), but 
are entirely separated ventrally. The right pericardial cavity, 
which is the larger, remains in free communication with the 
peritoneal cavity through the pericardio-peritoneal foramen 
(pef). The heart has therefore exactly the same relation to 
the pericardium and the pericardial cavity as the intestine has 
to the peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity. There is only 
this difference, that the mesentery is dorsa/ to the intestine, 
while the mesocardium is ventral to the heart. 

The right pericardial cavity may be described approxi- 
mately as an elongated lenticular cavity, 2-3 cm. long, flat- 
tened dorso-ventrally, and lying just above the anterior por- 
tion of the anterior lobe of the liver. The anterior end of 
the cavity is larger and extends somewhat toward the right. 
It includes that portion of the cavity which contains the ven- 
tricle. The posterior end of the cavity is narrower, and 
extends backward and toward the left. The right pericardial 
cavity, as a whole, is bounded above by the dorsal body wall; 
below by the anterior lobe of the liver; internally by the 
mesocardium and the intestine (which it partially surrounds); 
and externally by the reflected peritoneum, which lies for the 
most part against the dorso-lateral body wall. An imperfect 
septum, the jortal septum, complete only in the posterior 
region, is formed by the reflection of the roof into the right 
pericardial cavity. It extends parallel to the long axis of the 
cavity, and partially divides it into two chambers — a smaller 
outer and a larger zmner chamber. ‘This double-layered portal 
septum in the middle portion surrounds the portal heart; 
anteriorly, the anterior portal vein runs between its walls; 
and posteriorly it surrounds the common portal vein. 

The outer chamber of the right pericardial cavity lies 
external to the portal septum. It isa narrow cavity, about 
2-3 cm. in length, lying parallel to the inner chamber. It com- 
’ municates with the inner chamber below the septum through- 
out almost its entire length. Only the extreme posterior 
portion of the outer chamber, into which the lateral wall of 
the alimentary canal projects, is completely separated by the 
septum from the inner chamber. In the posterior region the 
outer chamber communicates laterally and externally with 


S) 


18 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


the general peritoneal cavity, through a narrow slit about 
I-2 cm. in length — the pericardio-peritoneal foramen. (See 
Figs. VI, X, XIX, pcef). The direction of the slit is not 
quite longitudinal, but extends slightly outward anteriorly. 
The lower margin of the foramen is formed anteriorly by the 
fold extending upward from the liver (hepatic ligament) 
(See Fig. VI). Posteriorly, the slit borders on the lateral 
wall of the alimentary canal. The upper margin of the slit 
is formed posteriorly by the body wall and anteriorly by a 
reflection of the peritoneum from the wall. Through the 
pericardio-peritoneal foramen passes the supra-intestinal vein 
closely attached to.the lateral wall of the intestine. The 
anterior extremity of the right mesonephros extends through 
the foramen, projecting from the inner side of the roof. The 
floor of the outer chamber is formed anteriorly by the upper 
surface of the anterior lobe of the liver; posteriorly, by the 
fold extending from the upper surface of the lobe to the 
lower margin of the pericardial foramen. The roof of the 
outer chamber is in direct contact with the body wall. 
External to the portal heart, toward the anterior end of the 
chamber, the sight pronephros projects downward and out- 
ward into the cavity, pushing the pericardium before it. Just 
behind the pronephros, and above (outside) the pericardium, 
along the inner margin of the chamber, lies the anterior end 
of the mesonephros, which extends backward through the 
pericardial foramen, as described. In the posterior region 
the outer chamber lies against the right side of the intes- 
tinal wall. Along this wall a fold of the pericardium extends 
from the pericardial foramen to the posterior end of the 
portal heart. This fold encloses the sapra-intestinal vein. 
(See Fig. XIII.) 

The zzner chamber of the right pericardial cavity lies 
internal to the portal septum, and encloses the ventricle of 
the heart. It is much larger than the outer chamber, being 
of about the same length, but wider and deeper. The inner 
chamber is situated slightly ventral to the outer. Anteriorly, 
the chamber is about 34 cm. deep. Posteriorly, it becomes 
shallower and narrower, terminating just anterior to the gall 
bladder, and above the anterior lobe of the liver. On the 
left side the inner chamber forms a blind sac into which a 


6 


Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 19 


lobe of the auricle projects. The roof of the inner chamber 
is in contact with the ventral surface of the alimentary canal. 
The floor lies upon the dorsal surface of the anterior lobe of 
the liver. The anterior wall lies against the connective 
tissue surrounding the last gill pouch on the right side. The 
external wall is formed by the portal septum, which is incom- 
plete ventrally, leaving an extensive communication with the 
outer chamber. The inner wall is formed by the mesocar- 
dium, which is also incomplete. Above the mesocardium is 
a narrow longitudinal slit (about 1 cm. in length) through 
which the right and left pericardial cavities communicate. 
The ventricle of the heart occupies the anterior portion of 
the inner chamber. ‘The double-layered mesocardium passes 
upward and outward from its attachment, soon dividing into 
two sheets which form the inner pericardial layer immediately 
surrounding the ventricle. (Fig. VI.) Anteriorly the inner 
pericardial layer becomes continuous with the outer, forming 
no pericardium. In this way the anterior end of the ventricle 
is not covered by the pericardium, but lies oufszde the pericar- 
dial space. The mesocardium is attached ventrally to the 
left margin of the anterior lobe of the liver. Posteriorly it 
encloses the sinus and veins opening into it. 


The left pericardial cavity lies on the left side of the meso- 
cardium, somewhat dorsal to the right cavity. It is a small 
elongated sac, which closely surrounds the auricle. The roof 
is in contact with the alimentary canal internally and the 
dorsal body wall externally. The floor and external walls 
touch the latero-ventral body wall. The inner wall is formed 
by the incomplete mesocardium, leaving the right and left 
pericardial cavities in communication dorsally. The exterior 
wall abuts against the postero-dorsal wall of the oesophago- 
cutaneous duct. Posteriorly, the cavity ends as a short blind 
pocket. From the roof the left pronephros and the left 
anterior cardinal vein project into the cavity, pushing the 
pericardium before them. The mesocardium extends into the 
left pericardial cavity and surrounds the ventricle on the 
right side. The postero-internal angle of the auricle often 
extends through the slit-like foramen above the mesocar- 
dium, and lies in a pocket within the right pericardial cavity. 
This relation is not constant, however. 


7 


20 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


ARTERIAL SYSTEM. 


The ventral aorta (Figs. X, XVIII, Av.) consists of a 
principal median trunk, which divides anteriorly into a pair 
of lateral branches. ‘The main trunk lies in the median line, 
just above the ventral body wall and below the pharynx. 
The length is about 3cm. The lateral branches are a little 
longer. It extends from the anterior end of the ventricle to 
the posterior extremity of the “‘club-muscle.” It lies between 
the last six or seven pairs of gills, and is imbedded in the 
peculiar brownish fatty connective tissue characteristic of 
that region. The median trunk of the aorta is nearly cylin- 
drical in shape, but narrows slightly in caliber anteriorly. 
Posteriorly, at its junction with the ventricle, it is suddenly 
constricted. The relatively small opening from the ventricle 
is guarded by a pair of strong semi-lunar valves, as previously 
described. The short expanded portion of the aorta just 
beyond the constriction and behind the first gill branches 
represents the du/bus aorte. This portion of the aorta is in 
contact ventrally with the dorsal surface of the anterior lobe 
of the liver. 

The ventral aorta divides anteriorly into two branches (right 
and left) which pass forward, upward, and outward, along the 
dorso-lateral aspect of the posterior end of the club-muscle. 
The posterior end of the club-muscle, with reference to the 
point of branching, is variable, on account of the mobility of 
the former. The usual position is shown in Fig. X. But 
the muscle may be drawn forward, or even back below the 
point of division. 

The afferent branchial arteries (Figs. X, XVIII, af. br.) 
rise on either side from the ventral aorta and its right and 
left branches. There are usually six or seven pairs arising 
from the median trunk, and from three to six pairs from the 
branches. Sometimes there is one more on one side than on 
the other, corresponding to the asymmetrical occurrence of 
the gills. The six or seven pairs from the median trunk are 
never symmetrically disposed. The last afferent branchial 
artery on the right side is always posterior to the correspond- 
ing left vessel. (See Fig. X.) The two pairs lying next 
anterior to the last are situated nearly opposite to each other, 


8 


Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 21 


while the remaining vessels from the median trunk are asym- 
metrical, the /e/¢ vessels arising anterior to the corresponding 
vessels on the right side. The afferent branchial arteries 
arising from the right and left branches of the aorta are also 
asymmetrically placed, corresponding to the asymmetry of 
the gills. The afferent vessels vary in length, the anterior 
vessels being longer than those in the posterior region. 
Those from the main trunk are about 1-1.5 cm., while those 
from the lateral branches are 1.5-3 cm., increasing from 
behind forwards. The most anterior vessel is always the 
longest. In size they are all about equal. The direction of 
the arteries is external and slightly upward in the arteries 
from the main trunk, and forward, upward, and outward in 
those from the lateral branches. Each afferent branchial 
artery terminates on the postero-external wall of the corre- 
sponding gill pouch, just below the external gill passage. 

The last afferent branchial artery of each side gives off a 
small branch a short distance from the gill. This branch 

‘possesses a lumen only at its origin, if at all. It soon becomes 

reduced to a slender string of connective tissue which 
becomes lost in the connective tissue around the “club- 
muscle.” Attached to this string is a small spheroidal body, 
apparently made up of fibrous and fatty tissue. (See Fig. 
X, XIV.) 

It may be remarked that in Bdel/lostoma forsteri this string 
may be traced from the branchial artery around to the dorsal 
aorta. The significance of these structures will be discussed 
Partie. 


BRANCHIAL CIRCULATION. 


(Pigss VITR Pe TIT) 

The gills of the Bdellostoma are lens-shaped pouches, com- 
pressed laterally, so as to be concave on the inner face and 
convex on the outer. The pouches are not circular in out- 
line, but more nearly elliptical, being elongated dorso-ven- 
trally. The gill, as a whole, has two faces and four borders— 
superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior. The anterior and 
posterior are usually indented so as to be slightly concave, 
instead of convex. ‘The afferent gill passage enters at the 
middle of the concave zzzer wall of the gill. (Fig. XIX.) 


9 


22 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


The efferent gill passage is given off from about the center of 
the convex ouwfer wall. (Fig. X.) The line through these 
openings I shall call the axis of the gill. The internal ana- 
tomy is complex. The mucous membrane of the inner 
walls is folded to form a number of plates which are parallel 
to the axis of the gill and extended radially toward the center. 
(Fig. IX.) There are about twenty large plates, and a large 
number of smaller ones. ‘The latter extend only a short dis- 
tance in from the wall, and fill in the spaces between the 
bases of the other gill plates. Each plate is thrown into 
folds, only moderately near the base, but to an extraordinary 
degree of complexity toward the center. In this way a large 
amount of respiratory surface is developed. ‘The free central 
margin, like the attached base of the plate, is strong and only 
slightly branched. These parts seem to serve merely as 
supports for the extremely thin respiratory leaflets. The 
inner surface of the gill wall, and the thicker supporting parts 
of the gill plates are covered with a stratified epithelium. 
The delicate respiratory leaflets are covered with a thin pave- 
ment epithelium. Next to the epithelial membrane occurs 
a small amount of connective tissue surrounding the blood 
vessels. Externally, the wall of the gill pouch is composed 
of a double layer of striated muscle — the external layer of 
circular fibers, the internal of /ongztudinal fibers (parallel to 
the axis). Surrounding the muscular layer isa thin serous 
membrane, which lines the lymphatic peri-branchial spaces. 
The general distribution of the blood vessels in the gills is 
as follows: The afferent branchial artery of each gill passes 
under the lower margin of each gill pouch, then upward over 
the convex outer gill wall, which it enters just below the 
external gill passage. Some small twigs are given off which 
supply the gill passage and the muscles of the gill wall. The 
afferent artery then divides into two branches which sur- 
round the opening of the gill-passage, forming an irregular 
“ring vessel.”” From this “ring vessel’ several radial vessels, 
often dilated into sinuses, are given off which pass within 
the gill wall toward the peripheral margin. Branches are 
given off which extend along the attached margin of each gill 
plate, beneath the muscular layers of the gill wall. From 
these branches numerous smaller vessels pass directly into 


ice) 


Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. Be: 


the gill plate. Their general direction is parallel to the axis 
of the gill, and perpendicular to the walls of the gill pouch. 
These smaller vessels break up into capillaries, which ramify 
between the thin epithelial walls of the respiratory gill leaf- 
lets. In this region an extensive capillary network is formed, 
and anastomoses between the larger vessels are also common. 
Toward the opposite (7. e. the inner) attached edge of the 
gill plate, and in the free central margins, the capillaries 
again unite to form larger vessels. These efferent branchial 
vessels converge on the inner wall of the gill pouch in much 
the same way as they are distributed in the outer wall. They 
unite under the muscular layer into sinuses and vessels which 
finally unite to form the efferent branchial artery of each gill 
pouch. This vessel leaves the gill wall just above the internal 
gill passage. (Fig. XIX, ef, br.) A diagrammatic represen- 
tation of the branchial circulation is shown in Figure XIII, 
which respresents the vascular distribution in a plane parallel 
to the gill axis. Figure IX shows a drawing of a section 
of an injected gill made perpendicular to the axis of the gill, 
and near its center. The low magnification, fails to give an 
adequate idea of the great complexity in the formation of the 
gill leaflets. Figures VIII and XIV represent small portions 
of these leaflets magnified to show the capillary vessels, which 
are composed of a single layer of epithelial cells. The larger 
vessels have walls composed of three layers,—an outer layer 
of connective tissue, a middle layer of circular muscle fibers, 
and an inner simple endothelial layer. 

The efferent branchial arteries (Figs. XVIII, XIX, XX, ef, 
br) arise from the inner face of each gill pouch, just above 
the internal gill passage (gpi). Each efferent vessel extends 
upward and inward toward the median line. In the posterior 
region each vessel ascends just behind a “gill constrictor” 
muscle, then turns forward immediately adove it and joins 
the overlying common carotid just anterior to the muscle. 
There are never /wo efferent vessels for each gill-pouch, as is 
commonly the case in Bdellostoma forstert. All the efferent 
branches of each side open into the corresponding lateral 
common carotid. 


seat 


24 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


GENERAL ARTERIAL SYSTEM. 


The common carotid arteries (right and left) posteriorly ex- 
tend longitudinally along each side above the gills and be- 
side the pharynx. (Figs. XVIII, XIX, XX, Car.) Extern- 
ally, they connect with the efferent branchial arteries; and 
internally, by means of from four to seven short commissural 
vessels (comw) on each side, they communicate with the 
median dorsal aorta. These commissural vessels usually 
arise nearly opposite the fourth or fifth to the eighth or tenth 
pairs of gills. Posteriorly the common carotids are connected 
with the dorsal aorta nearly opposite each other, and a short 
distance behind the last pair of gills. Anteriorly they con- 
tinue forward on each side of the pharynx, giving off numer- 
ous small twigs to this organ. Each carotid also supplies 
the club muscle with several branches. The most posterior 
pair of these branches seem to supply only that portion of 
the muscle connected with the longitudinal refractor fibers. 
The remaining branches supply the circular constrictor por- 
tion. The bratiches to the “club-muscle’”’ run in the sheet 
of connective tissue which connects the muscle to the dorso- 
lateral body wall on each side. 

Just behind the cartilaginous “pharyngeal basket” of the 
branchial skeleton, each common carotid divides into two 
branches, the external and internal carotid arteries. Each 
external carotid passes forward and downward around and 
outside the pharyngeal basket and runs forward along the 
outer margin of the basal plate. Near the junction of the 
posterior with the anterior segments of the basal plate, a 
small branch is given off which passes upward and inward to 
the ligament attaching the dental plate (vamus lingualis). 
This branch supplies the dental plate but apparently not the 
muscles moving it. The main trunk of the external carotid 
then passes forward along the external margin of the basal. 
plate on each side giving off small twigs to the lateral walls 
of the skull. Anteriorly it breaks up into a number of small 
branches, which supply the muscles and integument in the 
tentacular region. 

Each zxternal carotid continues inward and forward just 
above the pharynx. (See Figs. XVIII and XX.) A rela- 


I2 


Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 25 


Me 


tively large lateral branch is given off on each side which 
runs forward and supplies the muscles in the lateral region 
of the head. In one instance I traced this vessel (on the left 
side), forward under the lateral trunk muscles just outside 
the skull wall, under the hyoid arch, and out into the orbital 
region, sending a branch out to the skin, in the fibrous 
band of connective tissue just below the eye. ‘The main 
trunk of the internal carotid joins the corresponding vessel 
of the opposite side in the median line just below the noto- 
chord and in front of the supra-pharyngeal plate. (See 
Fig. XX.) 

The vertebralis impar (v), formed by the junction of the 
internal carotids, runs forward a short distance in the median 
line beneath the notochord, giving off branches to the brain 
and cranial wall. Passing below the cranium, just behind 
the pituitary sac, it divides into two lateral branches, right and 
left, which run forward on each side of the base of the 
cranium to the nasal and anterior head region. 

The anterior dorsal aorta (Figs. XVIII, XIX, XX, Aa) is 
that portion of the median dorsal aorta which lies in, and in 
front of, the gill region. Posteriorly, it begins with the most 
posterior point of connection with the lateral carotids. It 
lies immediately above the pharynx, and below the noto- 
chord. In the gill region, the anterior dorsal aorta gives off 
four or five pairs of branches to the body wall (somatic 
branches). ‘The posterior, three pairs of these usually pierce 
the’ overlying “‘‘gill constrictor’’ muscles. In the anterior 
gill region, the aorta curves slightly to the right, and con- 
tinues forward beneath the right side of the notochord. In 
one instance it turned first to the left, ran forward two or 
three somites, then passed over to the right and forward as 
usual. 


Anterior to the gill region it gives off in its course seven 
or eight pairs of somatic branches to the adjacent segments 
of the body wall. In general, an artery is given off to each 
alternate myoseptum on each side. Each somatic vessel 
divides into two branches, dorsal and ventral, whose course 
is the same as that of those to be described in the abdominal 
region (see Fig. XV). There are some variations in the 
distribution of the branches of the anterior dorsal aorta, 


rg 


26 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


however. The arteries, like the corresponding myotomes, 
are not arranged in bilateral symmetry. The branches are 
given off alternately, especially in the anterior region. (See 
Fig. XX.) A short distance behind the junction of the 
internal carotids, the anterior dorsal aorta crosses over and 
joins the left internal carotid, just behind the origin of the 
lateral branch. 

The posterior dorsal aorta (Figs. XII, XV, XVIII, XIX, 
XX, Ao), is the posterior continuation of the same vessel 
which anteriorly forms the anterior dorsal aorta. Beginning 
behind the junction with the lateral carotids, the posterior 
dorsal aorta gives off branches as follows: 

(a) A pair of somatic branches, and usually a mesenteric 
twig to the intestinal wall. 

(6) Twigs to the right and left Avonephros (pnl, pnr). 
These may come off as separate twigs, but usually arise in 
common with somatic branches (Fig. XIX). 

(c) The coeliac artery is a relatively large vessel. It oc- 
casionally gives off a twig to the left pronephros. It then 
passes downward between the sinus venosus and the alimen- 
tary canal (to which it gives off a small branch). The coeliac 
artery then proceeds along the common bile duct to the gall- 
cyst, which it supplies. Then it divides into two terminal 
vessels, anterior and posterior, which pass along the bile 
ducts to the anterior and posterior lobes of the liver. Here 
they break up into capillaries which supply these structures. 

(d) Mesenteric arteries (Figs. XII, XV, XVIII, mes)’ are 
given off ventrally, which pass downward between the right 
and left posterior cardinal veins, in the mesentery, to the 
intestinal wall. Just above the intestinal wall they usually 
divide, one branch going to the right, the other to the left 
side of the intestine. Both branches pass to the left of the 
supra-intestinal vein, but pass one on each side of the vagus 
nerve, which lies in the median line just above the intestinal 
wall. There are about thirty mesenteric arteries, and they 
arise in a somewhat irregular manner. Often, however, they 
arise in couples, one a short distance behind the other (See 
Fig. XII). 

(ce) The somatic arteries arise regularly along the entire 
length of the dorsal aorta, anterior and posterior (Figs. XII, 


14 


Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt, 27 


XV, XVIII, XX, s). The somatic arteries, as a rule, alter- 
nate with the somatic vezzs on each side. (Fig. XII.) 
Those of the right and left sides are sometimes in pairs, 
opposite each other, but usually alternate, always corre- 
sponding to the arrangement of the myotomes on each side. 
The somatic arteries from the anterior dorsal aorta arise 
independently. Those from the fosterzory dorsal aorta usually 
arise by a short trunk in common with one or more renal 
branches (Fig. XII). Each somatic artery passes above the 
mesonephros, supplies it with one or more twigs, and then 
divides into two branches. (See Fig. XV.) The dorsal 
branch passes directly upward beside the notochord, supply- 
ing the lateral trunk muscles, and sending branches into the 
neural canal to supply the spinal cord. Then it passes up in 

the median longitudinal septum above the neural canal. It 
_ passes out to the skin of the dorsal region through the sheet 
of connective tissue which fastens the skin to the body wall. 

The ventral branches of the somatic arteries correspond to 
the zztercostal vessels of the higher vertebrates. (Figs. XII, 
XV, ic.) They pass outward along the roof and sides of the 
peritoneal cavity, between the lateral trunk muscles and 
the peritoneum. They pass along the septa between the 
myotomes, giving off many minute twigs to the adjoining 
muscles, (see. Pigs. XII; XV,-<1c.)  Hach,“intercostal”’ 
passes along with (anterior to) the corresponding intercostal 
nerve (sn). After passing between two slime glands, which 
it supplies, each intercostal vessel gives off irregular branches 
to the ventral rectus trunk muscle in the vicinity. The end 
piece of each vessel passes out into the skin in the neigh- 
borhood of the slime glands, and is distributed to the integu- 
ment of the ventral and lateral regions of the body. 

(f) Renal branches are supplied segmentally to the mesone- 
phros along each side of the aorta. A portion of these are 
shown in Figure XII, (r). (cfr. also Figs. XVIII and XX.) 
These renal branches supply the segmental glomeruli along 
the inner wall of the mesonephros. The glomeruli corre- 
spond to the myotomes only in a general way, and not 
exactly. Usually two glomerular vessels, and one or more 
twigs to the dorsal and inner walls of the mesonephros, arise 
from a common trunk with a somatic branch. There is 


I5 


28 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


much variation in this respect, however. Sometimes a 
somatic and one renal vessel arise together, and sometimes 
the renal vessels arise independently. 

(g) The genital branches (Figs. VII, XVIII, XX, gen) 
arise from all the mesenteric arteries in the region of the 
testis in the male, and the ovary in the female. Occasionally 
branches arise independently from the dorsal aorta. The 
genital branches pass out in the genital ligament (a special 
fold on the right side of the mesentery). Soon after enter- 
ing this fold the genital vessels, for the most part, unite to 
form a longitudinal commissural vessel. (Fig. VII.) From 
this vessel a large number of smaller vessels run out toward 
the testis or ovary, branching and anastomosing freely. A 
capillary network is formed in the membrane surrounding 
each ovum, or lobule of the testis. 

Behind the cloaca, the aorta continues immediately below 
the notochord in the median line, but here, as might be ex- 
pected, only the somatic branches are givenoff. On reaching 
the median ventral plate, the aorta divides into a right and a 
left branch, each of which passes backward on the corre- 
sponding side of the plate. Lateral branches are given off 
to supply the muscles and integument of the caudal region. 
In the caudal fin, small vessels run out distally correspond- 
ing to each fin ray. 


GENERAL VENOUS SYSTEM. 


The veizs of the Bdellostoma may be included under two 
separate systems—the gevera/ system, and the porta/ system. 
The general venous system is larger, including all those 
veins through which the blood flows into the sinus venosus. 
(Figs) Ky x1, RVI XVM SS)» “Anteriorly i -where rit 
empties into the auricle, the sinus is narrow, and receives 
the inxferior jugular vein (jv). Posteriorly, behind the auricle, 
the sinus is dilated, and receives on the left, the /é/t 
anterior cardinal vein (acl.) anteriorily, and the common car- 
dinal vein (pec) posteriorly. On the right side enter the 
anterior and posterior hepatic veins (ha, hp). 

Beginning with the general venous system in the head 
region, we find the superficial anterior cardinal vein. (Figs. 


16 


Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 29 


XVII, XVIII, scd) arising on each side of the head. It 
leaves the cranium just dorsal to the corresponding vagus 
nerve. It passes backward alongside the vagus, between the 
lateral trunk muscles, and the constrictors of the pharynx. 
In this region it receives the first eight or ten somatic veins. 
These somatic veins, like the somatic arteries (with which 
they alternate), arise from the skin and trunk muscles the 
entire length of the body. ‘They correspond exactly to the 
somatic veins of the abdominal region shown in Figure XV, 
(s). They are each composed of a very short terminal trunk 
which is supplied by two branches, (1) a dovsa/ branch which 
collects the blood from the dorsal region of the integument, 
the spinal cord, notochord and muscles of the vicinity. It 
descends vertically at the side of the notochord, and on 
reaching the ventral surface of the dorsal body wall, joins 
with (2) the ventral branch, or “‘znztercostal”’ vein. ‘The in- 
tercostal veins, like the intercostal arteries, are distributed 
to the integument of the ventral and lateral regions of the 
body, and the ventral rectus muscle. In the gill region, the 
intercostals receive, in the region of the slime glands, 
occasional “pleural’’ branches from the connective tissue. 
Then after collecting the blood from the two adjacent slime 
glands, it passes between these along the intermuscular 
septum of the myotomes, on the ventral surface of the dorsal 
and dorso-lateral body walls. The intercostal veins lie just 
in front of the corresponding intercostal nerves. As before 
mentioned, the intercostal veins usually alternate with the 
intercostal arteries (Figs. XI, XII, XV, XIX, ic), especially 
in the abdominal region. In the pharyngeal region the 
arrangement is less regular, there being often two adjacent 
arteries or veins, and occasionally both an artery or vein on 
one intermuscular septum. (Fig. XIX.) After receiving the 
somatic veins from the head region, the superficial cardinal 
pierces the constrictor muscle and joins the deep cardinal 
vein. 

The deep anterior cardinal vein (Figs. XVII, XVIII, ded) 
arises from the integument and muscles of the anterior head 
region. It passes on each side between the pharynx and 
hyoid arch (just below the posterior process), then directly 
backward alongside the pharynx, internal to the constrictors, 


17 


30 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


receiving branches, and passing under the first branchial 
arch, but over the second. About 2-3 cm. behind the second 
arch it is joined by the superficial cardinal to form the common 
anterior cardinal vein. 

The common anterior cardinal (or jugular) veins, right and 
left (Figs. XVII, XIX, acr, acl), pass backward and beside 
the pharynx, just external to the corresponding carotid 
artery, and internal to the vagus nerve. They receive four 
sets of branches: (1) somatic veins from the body wall; (2) 
pharyngeal branches, (ph), numerous small twigs from the 
wall of the pharynx; (3) ‘‘club-muscle” branches, from the 
“club-muscle;”’ (4) ““pleural’’ branches from the connective 
tissue in the pharyngeal region. Anteriorly, the courses of 
the right and left anterior common cardinals are similar. Be- 
hind the “club-muscle,’’ however, they are quite different. 

The left anterior cardinal continues in the same general 
direction backward beside the vagus, and above the gills. 
It receives the usual somatic branches, and also a few 
“pleural” twigs from the connective tissue surrounding the 
gill pouches. It also occasionally receives twigs from the 
walls of the gill passages and oesophago-cutaneous duct. 
Posteriorly (Fig. XI, acl), it forms a slight projection from the 
roof into the left pericardial cavity, as before described. It 
passes between the left pronephros, from which it receives a 
twig, and the alimentary canal, and empties into the antero- 
lateral angle of the dilated posterior portion of the sinus 
venosus. 

The right anterior cardinal, on the other hand, toward the 
posterior end of the “‘club-muscle,” leaves the pharyngeal 
wall, passes downward toward the posterior end of the “‘club- 
muscle,” and crossing over toward the median line, empties 
into the ¢xferior jugular vein. (Fig. XIX, jv) The remain- 
ing area corresponding to that supplied by the left anterior 
cardinal on the other side of the body is supplied by the 
portal system. 

The inferior jugular vein (Figs. X, XVII, XVIII, jv) 
arises from the posterior end of the ‘‘club-muscle,” from 
which it emerges on the ventral surface. It passes backward 
a little to the left of the median line, immediately over the 
ventral body wall. After receiving the right anterior cardinal 


18 


Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 21 
By) is 3 


vein, it continues backward a little below and to the left of 
the median ventral aorta. (Fig. X.) It receives a varying 
number of branches from the body wall. It also receives 
several small “pleural” twigs from the connective tissue and 
gill passages, including the oesophago-cutaneous duct and 
the adjoining pharyngeal wall. Finally, the inferior jugular 
vein empties into the anterior end of the sinus venosus, just 
in front of the sinu-auricular aperture. 

The posterior cardinal veins arise in the caudal region from 
small twigs which form two small veins. These lateral veins 
accompany the arteries on each side of the cartilaginous 
median ventral plate in the caudal region. (Fig. XVII.) 
They unite to form the median caudal vein (caud), which 
runs forward immediately beneath the caudal artery. The 
caudal vein, at its posterior end, is dilated to form a small 
sinus just in front of the median ventral plate. Laterally, 
the caudal vein receives, on each side, the somatic veins of 
the caudal region. 

Anteriorly, in the cloacal region, the caudal vein divides 
into two veins, the r7ght and left posterior cardinal veins. 
(Figs. XI, XII, XV, XVIII, XIX, pcr, pel.) These vessels 
run parallel with each other, just below and on each side of 
the posterior dorsal aorta. The right posterior cardinal is 
much smaller than the left. (See Figs. XII, XV, XVII.) 
Each lies internal to and in contact with that side of the 
corresponding mesonephros which faces toward the median 
line. The posterior cardinals are joined by a large number 
of short transverse commissural vessels (about twenty-five in 
all). They are not placed at regular intervals, but are more 
numerous in the posterior region. They vary in size, being 
usually about as wide as the right cardinal vein. The 
posterior cardinals receive two sets of branches: (1) the 
renal branches; (2) the somatic veins. 

The renal branches (see Fig. XII), appear to arise, for the 
most part, on the ventral surface of the mesonephros. They 
collect together and form small twigs, which run across 
toward the median line and empty into the corresponding 
posterior cardinal vein. ‘These renal veins are somewhat 
irregularly distributed, but traces of their original segmental 
arrangement are easily recognized. 


19 


32 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


The somatic veins have already been described in a general 
way. Those of the abdominal region pass dorsal to the cor- 
responding mesonephros (receiving no branches from them), 
and empty into the corresponding posterior cardinal vein. 

The posterior cardinals receive no veins from the intestine. 
In one instance only I observed a branch from the testis 
runuing upward into the right posterior cardinal vein. 

Anteriorly, a short distance behind the heart, the right 
and left posterior cardinals unite again to form the unpaired 
posterior common cardinal vein (Fig. XVII, pec), which passes 
forward on the left side, and empties into the posterior end 
of the sinus venosus. 

The sub-intestinal vein (Figs. XI, XV, XVII, XVIII, sub. 
int.) arises from the ventral wall of the intestine toward the 
anterior end. It passes forward along the median ventral 
line of the intestinal wall, and on reaching the hepatic liga- 
ment, passes down along its posterior margin to the posterior 
lobe of the liver. (Fig. XI.) In some specimens it passes 
through the tissue of the liver for a considerable distance, 
but in others it runs along the surface, within the serous 
membrane. It passes behind the liver, and runs forward on 


its ventral and external aspect. It receives branches from 
the posterior lobe of the liver, and becomes the posterior 
hepatic vein (hp). As such it passes upward, parallel and 
near to the bile duct of the posterior lobe. It becomes very 
much widened, and finally empties into the posterior end of 
the sinus venosus, opposite the common posterior cardinal 
vein. 

The veins of the anterior lobe of the liver converge to form 
the anterior hepatic vein, which lies on the dorsal surface of 
the lobe. (Figs. XI, XVII, XVIII, ha.) This vein runs 
forward and upward, emptying into the left side of the sinus 
venosus, a little behind-the sinu-auricular opening. 

There is also apparently a small vein running in the liga- 
ment between the anterior end of the posterior lobe, and the 
posterior end of the anterior lobe. The veins from the gall 
cyst, as will be seen, join the portal system, and will be de- 
scribed there. 


20 


Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 33 


THE PoRTAL VENOUS SYSTEM. 

The portal venous system includes the portal vein and all 
the vessels which flow into it. 

The anterior portal vein (Figs. XVII, XVIII, XIX, ap) 
arises in the right branchial region, a little in front of the 
posterior end of the “club-muscle.” (Fig. XIX.) It lies just 
below and to the right of the notochord, and receives the 
somatic veins from the right side in the branchial region. A 
few scattering venous twigs from this region also pass across 
into the inferior jugular vein. ‘The anterior portal continues 
backward into the fold (portal septum), separating the inner 
and outer chambers of the right pericardial cavity, as pre- 
viously described. It passes between the alimentary canal 
and the right pronephros, and opens into the roof of the 
portal heart near the anterior end. ‘The entrance is guarded 
by a pair of thin membranous valves, semi-lunar in shape, 
one anterior and one posterior. (See Fig. XVI, ap.) Just 
before entering the portal heart it receives a branch which is 
made up of a twig from the pronephros, and (often) two or 
three somatic veins lying opposite and posterior to the portal 
heart. In one instance, I observed an anastomosis between 
this vein and a somatic vein emptying into the right posterior 
cardinal vein. 

The supra-intestinal vein (Figs. XI, XII, XV, XVII, 
XVIII, XIX, supr. int.) receives the blood from the entire 
intestinal wall, excepting the floor in the anterior region. It 
runs forward just above the intestine a little to the right of 
the median line, within the mesentery. It lies to the right of 
the vagus nerve and the mesenteric arteries. In the region 
of the reproductive organs the supra-intestinal vein receives 
several genital veins which descend in the mesentery. These 
veins are formed by the plexus of small venous twigs in the 
special genital fold of the mesentery (Figs. XII, XVIII, 
gen). On reaching the pericardial region, the supra intes- 
tinal vein turns to the right side of the intestine. Here it 
receives the cystic vein (Fig. XIX, cv), which is made up of 
branches from the gall cyst. The supra-intestinal vein then 
passes through the pericardio-peritoneal foramen, beside the 
intestine, and below the right mesonephros. It then crosses 


21 


34 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


the roof of the outer chamber of the right pericardial cavity 
just below the right vagus nerve, and enters the roof of the 
portal heart near the posterior end. (See Fig. XVI, supr int.) 
The slit through which the blood enters is diagonally placed, 
and guarded by a pair of semi-lunar valves, like those of the 
anterior portal. 

The portal heart (Figs. X, XVI, XVII. XVIII, XIX, H.) lies 
in the pericardial fold which forms the septum in the right 
pericardial cavity. It is an elongated sac (1-2 cm. in length), 
somewhat irregular in shape and variable in size. It stretches 
diagonally across the pericardial cavity, and lies nearly oppo- 
site the ventricle (cf. Fig. X). Amteriorly it receives the 
anterior portal vein; toward the posterior end it receives 
the supra-intestinal vein. Both these enter dorsally. At its 
posterior extremity the portal heart empties into its efferent 
vessel, the common portal vein. ‘The opening into the common 
portal vein is guarded by a pair of strong semi-lunar valves 
(Fig. XVI, cp), which are placed laterally, and like the other 
valves previously described, prevent any reflux of blood 
during the circulation. 

Johannes Miiller was mistaken in his statement that no 
muscle fibers exist in the portal heart of Bdellostoma.* The 
wallis quite muscular, fully as much as that of the auricle. As 
in the latter, the inner surface of the wall of the portal heart 
is made irregular by muscular and fibrous trabecule, which 
project from the surface. The muscle fibers are ad?stinctly 
striated, and their nuclei seem to lie on the sides of (not 
within) the contractile fibers. 

The common portal vein (Figs. XVII, XVIII, XIX, ep) con- 
tinues backward and inward toward the median line. It 
passes above the anterior lobe of the liver, to which it gives 
off ventrally a large branch which descends almost vertically 
alongside the hepatic duct of the anterior lobe. (XI, cpa). 
The main trunk of the common portal vein then crosses the 
median line to the left side and passes backward and down- 
ward alongside the hepatic duct of the posterior lobe. (Fig. 
XI, cpp.) About the center of the dorsal surface it enters 


*Vergl. Anat. der Myxinoiden (1834). Later Miiller observed the pulsations of the 
portal heart in living Myxine. Untersuchungen tiber die Kingeweide der Fische 
(1842). 


22 


Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 35 


the posterior lobe and breaks up into capillaries in the tissue 
of the liver. 

I have observed in several cases a marked terdency fcr the 
injected carmine gelatine to escape from the blood vessels 
into the surrounding lymphatics, which are very numerous 
and extensive. These lymphatic spaces, especially the sub- 
dermal spaces in the caudal region, and the peri-branchial 
spaces around the gill pouches, are usually found more or less 
injected, although the blood vessels show no signs of over- 
distension. The lymphatic spaces around the vessels in the 
gill itself are also often filled. This condition may be inter- 
preted as indicating that the capillary walls are unusually 
weak and permeable, so that the injected liquid passes 
through them, carrying blood corpuscles with it. That this 
process is not normal is shown by the absence of red blood 
corpuscles from these lymphatic spaces in life, and in unin- 
jected specimens. 


REMARKS ON COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF BDELLOSTOMA. 


The communication of the pericardial cavity with the peri- 
toneal cavity through the pericardo-peritoneal foramen is 
primitive. The heart, which is a specialized portion of the 
primitive sub- intestinal vessel, always develops at first in 
the anterior end of the general peritoneal cavity. In all 
adults, however, a special pericardial cavity is formed. In 
Petromyzon, whose pericardial sac is enclosed in a cartila- 
ginous pocket, the separation is complete. In the larval 
Ammoccetes, however, there exist two larval pericardio-peri- 
toneal foramina, one on either side. Communication between 
pericardial and peritoneal cavities exists also in Elasmo- 
branchs and Ganoids, but only during embryonic life in all 
higher vertebrates. 

Although its embryological development is not yet worked 
out, the sinus venosus doubtless at first receives a right and 
left ductus Cuviert, like Petromyzon (Goette), and higher 
forms. ‘The right ductus has probably been lost altogether 
in a manner which will be discussed later. The left ductus 
Cuvieri has apparently fused with the sinus venosus, and is 
represented by the external portion of the posterior expanded 


23 


36 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


division of the sinus, which still receives the right anterior 
and posterior cardinals. 

In the absence of a contractile valved conus arteriosus, 
Bdellostoma and all the Cyclostomata resemble the Teleosts 
more than the Elasmobranchs. (See text figures A, B, C.) 


A, Elasmobranch. 
B, Ganoid. 

C, Teleost. 

s, sinus venosus. 

a, auricle. 

v, ventricle. 

c, conus arteriosus. 
6, bulbus arteriosus. 
7, ventral aorta. 

k, valves. 

(From Boas’s Zoology.) 


In this respect the Bdellostoma is probably not primitive, 
since in the Sharks and Ganoids there is clearly a tendency 
to a reduction in the number of the valves and the size of 
the conus.* 

Contrary to Miiller’s statement (Vergl. Anat. der Myxi- 
noiden, pp. 180), the bulbus aorte is of entirely devoid of 
muscular fibers. As in the arteries in general, there isa small 
amount of plain muscle fibers mixed with the thick layer of 
elastic fibers. The bulbus is evidently not contractile, how- 
ever, in the ordinary sense of the word. 


*It is quite possible, however, that the absence of a conus represents a condition 
more primitive than the Elasmobranch. No valved conus appears during the devel- 
opment of Petromyzon. 


24 


Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. Bi) 


Variations from the structure of the typical ventral aorta, 
as previously described, are very common. As an extreme 
instance, I may mention a case mentioned by Miiller,in which 
the ventral aorta, immediately after leaving the heart, divided 
into two branches from which all the afferent branchial 
arteries arise. 

With respect to the “ductus Botalli,” Miiller noted the fol- 
lowing in Bdellostoma forsteri:’ “ Khe wir die Gefasse der 
Myxinoiden ganz verlassen, miissen wir noch einer Beobach- 
tung gedenken, welche auf einen Entwickelungszustand des 
Gefiss-systems der Myxinoiden einiges Licht wirft. Ich habe 
nimlich bei dem grossen Myxinoid vom Cap wiederholt 
die Reste zweier ductus Botalli bemerkt, welche friiher ohne 
Zweifel die arteria branchialis mit dem Arterien system in 
Verbindung setzten, jetzt aber ganz feine fadenartige Strange 
bilden, deren Ursprung aus der arferia branchialis und Ende 
in Arteriensystem des Korpers aber noch hohl sind. Dieser 
Faden entspringt aus dem Aste der Kiemenarterie zur 
vordersten Kieme, in gleicher Weise auf jeder Seite. Bei 
seinen Ursprung ist er ansehnlich dick, conish und hohl, die 
Fortsetzung ist aber sehr fein, sie geht vorwarts aufwarts 
gegen die Carotis hin, wo diese aus den vordern Kiemenvenen 
entsteht, hier erweitert sich der Faden wieder, wird wieder 
hohl und senkt sich in die Anfang der Carotis ein. Aus diesem 
hohlen Ende des Fadens gehen einige feine Zweige zu den 
Pleuren ab. Diese Anordnung fand ich in gleicher Weise 
bei mehreren grossen Exemplaren von Ldellostoma forstert. 
Ich habe sie auch bei den A7yxinen gesehen. Diese obliterir- 
ten ductus Botalli waren offenbar friiher weite Aortenbogen 
von dem /fruncus arteriosus des Herzens zu den Carotiden und 
von diesen weiter zur Aorta.” (loc. cit., pp. 191.) 


I have already described the same structures found in 
Bdellostoma dombeyi. In addition to the observation of 
Miiller, I have added that a spheroidal or flattened mass of 
connective tissue is found attached to the ‘‘ductus”’ a short 
distance from its origin. This body is larger and more 
saccular in appearance in Sdellostoma forstert. (See text 
figure E, z), and evidently may be interpreted as the rudiment 
of the gi// pouch corresponding to the obliterated branchial 
artery. A similar ductus Botalli: from the first branchial 


25 


38 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


artery is found in certain Caducibranchiata. In these cases, a 
“rete mirabile ”’ persists in the course of the ductus, and rep- 
resents the obliterated gill. (Balfour, Comp. Embryol. Vol IT.) 

Since the ‘‘ductus Botalli” is a constant feature in all 
specimens of Adellostoma examined, its significance lies in 


D, efferent branchial system of Bdellostoma forster?, dorsal view. 
K, heart and afferent branchial system, of Bde//ostoma forstert, ventral view. 
Ap. posterior dorsal aorta. 

Aa, anterior dorsal aorta. 

Car, right carotid. 

Cal, left carotid. 

ef. br, efferent branchial artery. 

rv, ring vessel of gill passage. 

S, sinus venosus. 

A, auricle. 

V, ventricle. 

Av, ventral aorta. 

afb, afferent branchial artery. 

z, body on ‘‘ductus Botalli.” 

g, gill pouch. 

gpe, external gill passage, 

oed, oesophago-cutaneous duct. 


the fact that even in the 13-gilled forms, we have to do with 
a reduction rather than an zucrease in the primitive number of 
gills. The embryological development, according to Price 
(Some Points in the Development of a Myxinoid. Verhl. der 
Anat. Ges., 1896), renders this conclusion certain. A large 


26 


Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 39 


number of gill pouches (possibly thirty-five pairs) arise during 
the course of development. Of these, only the posterior 
IO-I4 pairs remain to form the permanent gills of the adult. 

The distribution of branchial vessels, one to each gill cleft 
(gill pouch), is a character in which the Myxinoids differ 
from all other Vertebrates. Even in Petromyzon, each 
afferent and efferent vessel is distributed to the hemibranch 
of two different pouches, the gill arteries corresponding to g7//- 
arches rather than g7z// clefts. It is probable that the Myx- 
enoid condition is not primitive, although the embryological 
development is not known. A probable explanation of the 
manner in which this unique condition has been derived 
from the primitive arrangement is suggested by an examina- 
tion of the efferent branchial vessels and their connections in 
Bdellostoma forsteri (see text figure D.) Here we find, usually, 
two efferent branchial vessels (ef, br) arising from the ring 
vessel (rv) which surrounds the gill passage on the wall of 
the gill pouch. These efferent vessels unite with the lateral 
carotid vessels, and with the dorsal aorta by anastomoses. 
This is an interesting intermediate stage between the arrange- 
ment of the vessels in Bdellostoma dombeyi (see Plate III, Fig. 
XX), and the ordinary vertebrate type. Referring again to 
text figure D, suppose, for example, we take afferent vessels 
from gill 3. If we fuse the two vessels together (which is 
_ almost accomplished in the sixth gill, right side), or obliterate 
one of them, we get ove efferent vessel for each gill, as in gills 
4, 5, and 6, left side. This is the condition in a// the gills of 
Bdellostoma dombeyi. But if we break the connection at k, 
gill 3, and k’, gill 2, and at the same time connect the artery 
between them with the dorsal aorta by a vessel, h (dotted 
outline), this vessel, h, would be an efferent branchial artery 
of the wswal vertebrate type. It would receive the blood from 
the posterior hemi-branch of gill 2, and the anterior hemi- 
branch of gill 3. I have no doubt that this very relation 
would be found as a variation, if a large number of specimens 
of Bdellostoma forstert were examined. 

A consideration of the extreme variability of the blood 
vessels in Bdel/ostoma renders this explanation all the more 
probable. To give a more adequate idea of the nature and 
extent of variation, I have made diagrams to show the rela- 


27 


4o Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


tion between the efferent branchials, carotids, and dorsal 
aorta, as I found it, in five specimens of Bdel/lostoma TOS 
taken entirely at random. 

The variations apparently have no constant relation to the 
size or sex of the specimen. ‘The number of efferent vessels, 
of course, varies with the number of gills. 


F, G, H, I, J. Diagrams of the efferent branchial arteries and their connections 
(dorsal view) in Bdellostoma dombeyi. Lettering same as in plate figures (q. v.) 


As a result of his studies of the blood vessels of Chlamydo- 
selachus, Dr. Ayers (Morphology of the Carotids, Bul. 
Museum. Comp. Zool., Harvard. Vol. XVII, No. 5, p. 211), 
reaches the following conclusion: ‘It is likewise obvious 
that the carotid vessels cannot strictly be said to arise from, 
or constitute the remains of, any particular pair of aortic 
arches, but represents all that is left of the commissural 
trunk from the most anterior arch of the ancestral form to 
the most anterior arch of any existing form.’’ Bdellostoma 


and the Myxinoid type would seem to indicate rather the |. 


origin of the carotid arteries from a longitudinal trunk con- 
necting a// the efferent branchial vessels on each side. 

I have not as yet been able to work out fully the distribu- 
tion and homologies of the blood vessels in the head region. 
This problem, on account of its diffictilty and importance, is 
reserved for a special paper. I may mention, however, that 


28 


Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 4 


the extension forward of the sub-chordal dorsal aorta into the 
head region as the wertebralis tmpar (vertebralis impar capitis, 
of Miiller; cranial aorta, of Ayers) is probably a primitive 
character. This vessel occurs in Chlamydoselachus, as well 
as the Cyclostomata. 

Miiller describes a vein in Bdellostoma forsteri which runs 
from the right pronephros to the posterior cardinal. Only 
once have I found a similar vessel in Bdellostoma dombeyi. 
The vein which he describes from the intestine to the common 
posterior cardinal is also apparently lacking in Bdellostoma 
dombeyi. 

In Petromyzon, as in most Vertebrates, but unlike Bdello- 
stoma, the genital veins open into the posterior cardinals 
instead of the supra-intestinal vein. "The difference in size 
between the right and left posterior cardinals is only one 
example of the great asymmetry of the venous system which 
is so characteristic of Bdellostoma. 

The sub-intestinal vein* is the homologue of the large 
ventral vein in Amphioxus, and the embryonic sub-intes- 
tinal vein of higher vertebrates. Judging from the develop- 
ment of Petromyzon (Goette, Entwickelungsgeschichte des 
Flussneunauges) and other forms, the sub-intestinal vein at 
first probably supplied the entire intestine, and was continued 
posteriorly into the caudal vein. The connection of the 
caudal vein with the posterior cardinals is very probably 
here, as elsewhere, a secondary arrangement. The reduction 
in the size and extent of the sub-intestinal vein is correlated 
with the development of the supra-intestinal vein. It is 
interesting to note that in Bdellostoma the sub-intestinal vein 
does not break up into capillaries in the liver to form a portal 
system, although it runs over the surface of, and even ¢hrough 
the liver tissue. This is evidently an extremely primitive 
character, for the same relation is found in the early emdéry- 
onic development of the same vessel in Petromyzon (Goette, 
loc. cit.), and all higher Vertebrates. According to Willey 
(“Amphioxus and the Ancestry of the Vertebrates’’) it is 
yet doubtful whether the sub-intestinal vein in Amphioxus 
forms a ¢rue capillary portal system, or merely passes through 


*It is a remarkable fact that the presence of this vein in Bdellostoma has appar- 
ently been overlooked heretofore by all observers, including Johannes Miller. 


29 


42 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


a system of small sinuses owtstde the liver proper. In all 
Vertebrates above Bdellostoma (including Petromyzon), the 
sub-intestinal vein in the adult forms a part of the portal 
system. 

The inferior jugular vein when median and wnpaired, as in 
Petromyzon and some of the higher fishes, always empties 
into the sinus venosus. When faired, as in other fishes, it 
empties into the ductus Cuvieri on each side. Miiller recog- 
nized that the posterior end of the right anterior cardinal 
represented the inferior jugular of other forms, but did not 
describe it as such. According to him (Vergl. Anat. der 
Myxinoiden, p. 209), the inferior jugular always originates in 
the hyoid arch and the under side of the operculums. It 
also commonly receives branches from the muscles of the 
pharynx, vere branchiales inferiores and vene nutritie of the 
gill arches. Its origin in Myxinoids is dorsal to the ventral 
aorta, but its course is ventral toit. Thelarge ‘‘club-muscle,” 
therefore, has a double venous supply. ‘The ‘‘ retractor” por- 
tion is supplied by the inferior jugular vein; the ‘‘ com- 
pressor”’ portion by the lateral anterior cardinals (jugulars). 

The anterior cardinals (or jugulars) of Bdellostoma agree 
in all essential respects with those in other fishes, excepting 
the posterior end of the right cardinal. From the probable 
ancestral form, as represented in Elasmobranchs (viz., sym- 
metrical cardinals, anterior and posterior, flowing into right 
and left ductus Cuvieri on each side) the present arrangement 
in Bdellostoma may easily have arose as follows: 1. An 
anastomosis was formed between the right anterior cardinal 
and the inferior jugular, near the posterior end of the “ club- 
muscle;” 2. An anastomosis of the posterior end of the 
anterior cardinal with the portal system; 3. An obliteration 
of the primitive anterior cardinal vessel just behind each of 
these anastomoses. Furthermore, by a union of the anterior 
ends of the posterior common cardinals, the blood was 
diverted from the ~zgh¢ into the left ductus Cuvieri, and the 
right ductus disappeared entirely. The embryology of the 
cardinal veins, when worked out, will decide whether this is 
the true explanation of the present condition in Bdellostoma. 

In no other fishes does the blood from the walls of the 
anterior body region pass into the portal system. It is said 


30 


Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 43 


to occur in some Testudinata and Amphibia, however. The 
portal system of Bdellostoma is also remarkable in being 
developed chiefly from the supra-intestinal vein, and in 
having no connection whatever with the sub-intestinal vein. 

A well developed portal heart, contractile and supplied 
with a complete system of valves, so far as I know, occurs 
nowhere else among Vertebrates (excepting the closely 
related Myxine?). Contractile veins, however, are not 
uncommon. 

I may sum up my conclusions in regard to the Comparative 
Anatomy as follows: 


PRIMITIVE CHARACTERS IN THE BLOOD- VASCULAR 
SYSTEM OF BDELLOSTOMA. 


1. Persistent pericardio-peritoneal foramen. 

2. The simple tubular heart. 

3. The large number (up to 14) of functional branchial 
vessels. 

4. The origin of the carotid arteries from a lateral com- 
missural vessel on each side connecting all the efferent 
branchial arteries. 

5. The complete sub-chordal aorta (dorsal aorta) extend- 
ing forward into the head region. 

6. Segmental arrangement of the somatic and renal 
arteries and veins. 

7. Frequent anastomosis between the posterior cardinal 
veins. 

8. Persistent sub-intestinal vein which does not join the 
portal system. 

g. The presence of an inferior jugular vein. 

10. The contractility of the portal heart. 


CHARACTERS SECONDARILY ACQUIRED. 


1. The asymmetry of the venous system. 

2. Distribution of branchial vessels to gill slits instead of 
gill arches. 

3. The extension of the portal system into the territory of 
the right anterior cardinal vein. 


31 


44 


Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


4. The connection of the caudal vein with the posterior 
cardinals. 
5. The presence of a well developed valvular portal heart. 


. auricle. 


alimentary canal. 


. ventral aorta. 

. anterior dorsal aorta. 

. posterior dorsal aorta. 

. bulbus aorte. 

. right common carotid. 

. left common carotid. 

. portal heart. 

. intestine. 

. liver. 

. anterior lobe of the liver. 
. posterior lobe of the liver. 
. mesentery. 


sinus venosus. 


. lobules of testis. 
. ventricle. 


. anterior hepatic artery. 
. left anterior cardinal vein. 
. right 


anterior cardinal 


vein. 


. auriculo-ventricular 


valves. 


. aortic valves. 


afferent branchial arteries. 


. anterior portal vein. 

. cystic vein. 

. ‘*club-muscle.’’ 

- ‘‘club-muscle’’ branches. 
. capillary network. 
. connecting vessel. 
. anterior branch 


of the 
common portal. 


. posterior branch of the 


common portal. 


. coeliac artery. 

. caudal vessel. 

. common portal vein. 
. dermal branches. 


dca, 
ep, 


Cf. OF 
ext. car, 
Len, 
iO, e 
Pe, 
St, 
EP, - 
8 

ha, . 
pre: 


Z, 


CG: 
int. Car, 
IY, 

lbr, 
mC, 
mur, . 
mn, 
mw, 


my, 
mes, 
ntc, 


EXPLANATION OF LETTERING USED IN FIGURES. 


deep anterior cardinal. 

epithelium of the gill 
cavity. 

efferent branchial artery. 

external carotid artery. 


. genital branches. 

. gall cyst. 

. external gill passage. 

. internal gill passage. 

. Cavity of the gill pouch. 

. gill pouch. 

. anterior hepatic vein. 

. posterior hepatic vein. 

. inner (visceral) layer of 


the pericardium. 
‘intercostal ’’ vessel. 
internal carotid artery. 


. inferior jugular vein. 
. lateral branch. 


mesocardium. 


. right mesonephros. 
. left mesonephros. 


.muscular wall of gill 
pouch. 

- myotomes. 

. mesenteric arteries. 

. notochord. 


. outer (parietal) layer of 


the pericardium. 


. oesophago-cutaneous duct 
. right posterior cardinal 


vein. 
left posterior cardinal vein 


. common posteriorcardinal 
. pharyngeal branches. 


right pronephros. 


. left pronephros. 
. peritoneal cavity. 
. pericardio-peritoneal fora- 


men, 


Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. 4 


Wn 


peu, . . pericardial cavity. supr.int, supra-intestinal vein. 
pha, . . posterior hepatic artery. sn, . . . “intercostal” nerve. 
roc, . .red blood corpuscles. sgl, . .slime glands. 
r, . . .renal branches. sav, . . sinu-auricular valves. 
SPC, spinal cord. ty . somatic vessels. 
sub. int, sub-intestinal vein. vu, . . . valves of portal heart. 
scd, . .superficial anterior car- ug,..- vagus nerve. 

dinal. ca . . §*ductus Botalli,” 


In figures IV, V, VI, red line indicates peritoneum; in all 
other figures—red, arteries; blue, veins; green, portal vessels. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


Plate I includes Figures I-IX. 

Plate II includes Figures X-XVI. 

Plate III includes Figures X VII-XX. 

FiIcurE I.— Heart of Adellostoma dombeyi (Xt). Dorsal view. 

A, auricle. V, ventricle. S, sinus venosus. BA, bulbus aorte. jv, 
inferior jugular vein. acl, left anterior cardinal. pec, posterior com- 
mon cardinal. ha, anterior hepatic vein. hp, posterior hepatic vein. 

FIGURE I].—Heart of Adellostoma dombeyt (1). Ventral view. 
Lettering same as in Fig. I. 

FIGURE III.— Heart of Adellostoma dombeyi (2). Showing a dor- 
sal view of the ventral half of the auricle and ventricle, the dorsal half 
having been removed by a horizontal section. 

sav, sinu-auricular valves. avv, auriculo-ventricular valves. av, aorta 
valves. Otherwise as in Fig. I. 

FIGURE IV.— Diagram of cross section passing through the mid- 
abdominal region of Bdel/ostoma. 

M, mesentery. A, alimentary canal. ptc, peritoneal cavity. 

FIGURE V.— Diagram of cross section passing through the posterior 
lobe of the liver in Bdellostoma. 

I, liver. 

FIGURE VI.— Diagram of cross section passing through the ventricle 
and anterior lobe of the liver. Showing the relation of the pericardial 
cavity to the general peritoneal cavity. 

pef, pericardio-peritoneal foramen. pcv, pericardial cavity. 0, outer 
or parietal layer of the pericardium. i, inner, or visceral pericardial 
layer. me, mesocardium. V, ventricle. Dotted line, pericardium, 

FIGURE VII.— Testis of Bdellostoma dombeyi (2), showing the 
arterial supply. The genital fold lies on the right side of the mesentery. 

wS, mesenteric artery. qs, genital branches. T, lobules of testis. 
Ap, posterior dorsal aorta. 

FIGURES VIII AND XIV.— Highly magnified portions of the smallest 
branches of a gill leaflet (450). 

cap, capillary wall. ep, epithelium lining gill cavity. rbc, red blood 
corpusles. con, connective tissue. 


33 


46 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


FIGURE IX.— Cross section of an injected gill pouch of Adellostoma 
(<8). Taken perpendicular to the gill axis, about at the center. 

Camera lucida outline. 

mw, muscular wall of gill pouch. gp, cavity of gill, into which gill 
leaflets project. 

FIGURE X.— Branchial region of Sdellostoma dombeyit (1%). 
Ventral view. Body wall opened by a median longitudinal incision, and 
the lateral flaps folded back. Anterior lobe of the liver removed to 
expose heart. Arteries colored red. Veins blue. 

Avy, ventral aorta. af. br, afferent branchial arteries. x, on last affer- 
ent branchial artery indicates position of ‘‘ductus Botalli.’’ ic, ‘‘inter- 
costals’’ (arteries red, veins blue). S, Sinus venosus. jv, inferior jugular 
vein. acl, left anterior cardinal vein. supr. int, supra-intestinal vein. 
A, auricle. V, Ventricle. H, portal heart. Lp, posterior lobe of liver. 
gb, gall bladder. mnr, mnl, right and left mesonephros. pnr, pnl, 
right and left pronephros. pef, pericardio-peritoneal foramen (dotted 
outline). sgl, slime glands. ocd, oesophago-cutaneous duct. cm, 
‘“‘club-muscle.’’ _gpe, spe, external gill passages. 

FIGURE XI.— Lateral view of the viscera of Bdellostoma dombeyi left 
side, including ventral view of the left half of the body wall, which has 
been laid back (<1). 

-cpa, anterior branch of common portal vein. cpp, posterior branch of 
common portal vein. Jv, inferior jugular vein. acl, left anterior cardi- 
nal. ha, hp, anterior and posterior hepatic veins. cpa, cpp, anterior 
and posterior branches of common portal vein. ocl, left posterior cardi- 
nal. supr. int, supra-intestinal vein. sub. int, sub-intestinal vein. La, 
Lp, anterior and posterior lobes of the liver. .pnl, left pronephros. mn, 
left mesonephros. ic, ‘‘intercostal’’ vessels. Otherwise as previously. 

FIGURE XII.— Mid abdominal region of Bdellostoma dombeyt, show- 
ing ventral view of the left side of the body wall, and a lateral view of 
the intestine and mesentery. The latter have been laid over upon the 
right side of the body wall, and the mesentery stretched out (2). 

r, renal branches. s, somatic branches (red, arteries; blue, veins). 
pel, per, posterior cardinal veins, left and right. mes, mesenteric 
arteries. vg, vagus nerve. sn, ‘‘intercostal’’ nerve. Otherwise as 
previously. ; 

FIGURE XIII.— Diagram of one half of a section through the gill 
pouch of &dellostoma, parallel with the axis of the gill. Afferent ves- 
sels red. Efferent vessels blue. 

af. br, afferent branchial vessel. ef. br, efferent branchial. cap, 
capillary network. 

FIGURE XIV.—See Fig. VIII. 

FIGURE XV.— Diagram of a cross section through the body of 2de//o- 
stoma, just behind the liver. 

ntc, notochord. spc, spinal cord. s, somatic branches. ic, ‘‘ inter- 
costals.’’ d, dermal branches. my, myotomes. Otherwise as previously. 


34 


Vascular System of Bdellostoma dombeyt. Aq 


FIGURE XVI.—A ventral view of the dorsal wall of the portal heart of 
Bdellostoma dombeyt, the ventral half having been cut away. (X2.) 

ap, anterior portal vein. supr. int, supra-intestinal vein. cp, com- 
mon portal vein. vv, valves. 

FIGURE XVII.— Diagram of the venous system of Ade/lostoma, dorsal 
view (approximately natural size). Portal system, green; general sys- 
tem blue. On the right side, the renal branches of the posterior cardinal 
are omitted. On the left side, the somatic branches are omitted. 

acr, acl, right and left anterior cardinals (or jugulars). ded, scd, deep 
and superficial branches of anterior cardinals. s, somatic veins. ph, 
pharyngeal branches. clb, ‘‘club-muscle’’ branches. jv, inferior jugu- 
lar vein. S, sinus venosus. pnl, pnr, left and right pronephros. pcc, 
posterior common cardinal. per, pel, right and left posterior cardinals. 
ha, hp, anterior and posterior hepatic veins. caud, caudal vein. ap, 
anterior portal vein. cp, common portal vein. gb, gall bladder. sub. 
int, sub-intestinal vein. gen, genital veins. 

FIGURE XVIII.— Diagram of entire circulatory system in 4de//ostoma 
lateral view (approximately natural size). Arterial system, red; general 
venous system, blue; portal system, green. 

Lettering same as Figs. XVII and XX. 

FIGURE XIX.— Lateral view of the viscera of the pharyngeal and 
cardiac regions, including ventral view of the right side of the body 
wall (1%). In this figure the viscera have been laid over upon the 
left side, in order to show the relation of the blood vessels to the body 
wall. As a result, the somatic branches of the anterior portal and 
dorsal aorta in the branchial region are stretched somewhat beyond 
their normal length. 

Aa, anterior dorsal aorta. Ap, posterior dorsal aorta. Car, right 
common carotid. pb, pharyngeal branches. ap, anterior portal vein. 
ic, intercostals. supr. int, supra-intestinal vein. cv, cystic vein. sub. 
int, sub-intestinal vein. pcr, right posterior cardinal... ef. br, efferent 
branchial vessels. clb, ‘‘ club-muscle’’ branches. 

Otherwise as previously. 

FIGURE XX.— Diagram of the arterial system of Adellostoma dombeyt 
dorsal view (approximately natural size). The afferent branchial system 
is omitted. Of the branches of the posterior dorsal aorta, on the right 
side, the renal branches are omitted. The genital branches should be 
represented on the right side. 

V, vertebralis impar. Ilbr, lateral branch. ext. car, int. car, external 
and internal carotid arteries. s, somatic arteries. Car, Cal, right and 
left common carotid arteries. ef. br, efferent branchials. con. v. con- 
necting vessels. coel, coeliac artery. caud, caudal artery. ren, renal 
branches. mes, mesenteric arteries. 


(o) 
On 


CONTENTS 


PAGE OF PAGE OF 


ee THIS THIS 
. VOLUME. ARTICLE. 
Introductory Remarks. 0 gaimom-sncteiaegs ira chee 13 I 
FRC Ar sc) claret ace ata Re ates Ce eee emi Be oat, 13 I 
Pericardial Cavity) in sce Bea eyo Deer = 16 4 
Agterial System; cay or 3 jo lb.) eee ik ISA fa Soh eets 20 8 
Branchialacurcrillat1o tiem case ee acs: omen een 21 9 
GeneralvArterial:Systent, is) a Ps Se) 24 12 
Generale Ven oltsss yScte thers yt rei ennai a 28 16 
Portals Venous SySteltine. is eck es) ae “ENO - 33 21 
Remarks on Comparative Anatomy of Bdellostoma, 35 23 
Primitive Characters in the Blood-Vascular System 
OL BACLOSTOMEGISE PR on ae ne ee 43 31 
Characters Secondanly Acguired,. (3). 2-2. 272 43 31 
Explanation of Lettering used in Figures, .. . . 44 32 
Hxplatationlof lates satus SE se ees 45 33 


Che Journal of the Cin. Soc. Yatural History, 


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Che Journal of the Cincinna 
VOL. SeXeneNOlcl ARTs 2 


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Society of Vatural History. 


ey Ache eile 


The Geology of Cincinnatt. 49 


ARTICLE Ul.—THE GEOLOGY OF CINCINNATI. 
By J. M. NICKLES. 
i, LOPOGRAPELY.. 


The name chosen for the hamlet, settled in 1788, which has 
become the city of Cincinnati, suggests the reason for its 
location — Losantiville, L [icking] + os, mouth, + anti, oppo- 
site, + ville — the village opposite the mouth of the Licking. 
The comparatively level tract of land, safely above the flood 
waters of the Ohio, rendered easy the growth from hamlet to 
city. Opposite the mouth of the Licking, it stood at the 
gateway to the northern part of the fertile blue-grass region 
of Kentucky, at a time when river navigation was the best 
available mode of transportation. An equally fertile region 
lay to the north, to which the broad valley of the Millcreek 
furnished a natural outlet when the locomotive replaced the 
canoe and flatboat. 

This level tract, roughly circular in outline, of an average 
diameter of three miles, is bounded on three sides by a belt 
of hills, so-called. On the south the Ohio River separates it 
from a similar, somewhat smaller, tract lying to the south- 
east, which is also bordered on three sides by a belt of hills. 
The two tracts together form a quadrangular area, extending 
northwest and southeast. The area is really a somewhat 
basin-shaped depression in a generally rolling country. The 
so-called hills are the escarpments of the higher land fringing 
upon the basin. The Kentucky part of the basin is inter- 
sected by the Licking River traversing it from the south, 
dividing it into two parts, now occupied by the cities of New- 
port and Covington. 

Some of the peculiarities of the topography of Cincinnati 
and vicinity early attracted attention. It was observed that 
the valley of the Little Miami River for several miles above 
its confluence with the Ohio is wider than that of the Ohio 
from this point down; for many miles below the mouth of 
the Millcreek, the valley of the Ohio is very narrow, scarcely 
more than a trough; the valley of the Licking is quite wide 
for several miles up from its mouth; the valley of the Mill- 


Jour. Cin. Soc. NAT. HIST., VOL. XX, No. 2. PRINTED JANUARY Io, 1902. 


50 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


creek, extending north for several miles, then northeast and 
again north, seems altogether too wide for the insignificant 
stream now flowing through it; from the valley of the Little 
Miami, between Red Bank and Plainville, a’ broad belt of 
depressed land extends northwestwardly until it enters the 
Millcreek valley, near St. Bernard or Ludlow Grove. 


The second geological survey of Ohio, 1869-1875, began 
the work of accumulating the data to explain this topography. 
Attention was called to the broad valley of the Millcreek 
extending from Hamilton to Clifton, there dividing, the 
westerly branch still occupied by the Millcreek, the other 
extending east and southeast to the Little Miami valley, and 
it was thought that the Big Miami may have taken this course 
to reach the Ohio.* The depth to the solid rock in the Mill- 
creek valley as shown bya well in Cumminsville,f 151 feet 
below the surface, or 60 feet below low-water mark of the 
Ohio River is noted, and its bearing upon elevational move- 
ments commented upon. 


The first connected attempt to explain the peculiarities of 
Cincinnati’s topography was a paper by Prof. Joseph F. 
James.{ He considered that a barrier extended across the 
Ohio from the Kentucky shore to the south end of the range 
of hills west of the Millcreek, evidence of the barrier being 
found in the beds exposed in the bank of the Ohio near Lud- 
low and in McCullum’s Riffle, a conspicuous bar in low water 
a few miles below the city; that. the Ohio divided into two 
branches, one flowing northwest from the Little Miami valley 
between Red Bank and Plainville, the other south of and 
around the “Cincinnati Island,” the higher land now occu- 
pied by the suburbs, Walnut Hills, Avondale, and Clifton, the 
two branches uniting near Ludlow Grove, thence together 
flowing to Hamilton, thence southwest through the valley of 
the Big Miami; the blocking of this northward channel in 
glacial times compelled the Ohio to cut across the barrier at 
Sedamsville. 


*Orton, Edward. Geol. Ohio, I, p. 420. 


fIbid., p. 433. 
{The Geology of Cincinnati. Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., IX, 1886, pp. 20-31, 
136-141. 


The Geology of Cincinnati. 51 


Within the past few years the researches of glacialists have 
shown that the present drainage system of the northern half 
of the Ohio drainage basin is very different from what it was 
before the advent of the Ice Age. The earlier drainage was 


COLS 
N s 
ANCIENT CHANNELS --~~~ ! pee 
ARROWS POINT WIT! | Ag 
PRE-GLACIAL LOW. , i 
| Ze é 
| | HAMILTON Ba 
‘2 
' ae \ zy A 
| Ped mak \ mt 
x y/ = , ol af 
IM LAS fe =e 
if ye: us a\ 
t 
A Ids se r< Q <r, 


SN 


4 
NPS SSS anit TB 
LAWRENCEBURG oe Spd BX . 


MAYSVILLE 


J.M.M. Dol 9 FRANKFORT 


shaped by the sequence of geological events in paleozoic 
ages. This natural drainage, so to speak, was reformed by 
the advance of the ice sheet from the north, carrying with it 
a vast mass of debris from the lands corroded by it. The ice 
sheet and its debris, damming up ancient channels, backed 
the rivers up into lakes until the latter, breaking over the 
lower parts or cols of the bounding ridges, fashioned for the 
rivers new channels. The pre-glacial drainage of southwest- 
ern Ohio has been specially investigated by Mr. Gerard 
Fowke.* He considers that a col extended from the high- 


*Bull. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., XI, 1899, pp. I-10; Ohio State Acad. Sci., Special 
Papers, No. 3. 1900, pp. 68-75. 


ies) 


52 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


land east of Newport and Bellevue, Kentucky, north to East 
Walnut Hills, by which the waters of Old Limestone, which 
has furnished part of the course of the modern Ohio, were 
deflected north through the lower part of the valley of the 
Little Miami, which explains the great width of that valley. 
At Red Bank this ancient stream turned northwest and 
through the valley of the Millcreek found its way to Hamil- 
ton, Ohio, and thence to the great pre-glacial river, which has 
been named the Great Kanawha. At Hamilton this river 
was joined by the Kentucky River which flowed northeast- 
ward from its present point of confluence with the Ohio 
through what is now part of the Ohio’s course and then 
northwardly.and eastwardly. The Licking River, flowing 
northwardly through the lower part of the Millcreek valley, 
joined Old Limestone at Ludlow Grove. Among the changes 
made during or at the close of the Ice Age was the breaking 
down of the cols at East Walnut Hills and Sedamsville, thus 
giving the Ohio its present course. 


2: GHOLOGY: 
2. ATISTORICAT: 


At the time of its first settlement, the’slopes of the “hills” 
about the city were clad in green and generally wooded. The 
ravines here and there laid bare the strata which form the 
framework of the hills. As the settlement grew quarries 
were opened in the slopes. Thus the region surrounding 
Cincinnati early became noted as affording very fine exposures 
of Lower Silurian strata, which yielded a very large number 
in great variety of finely preserved fossils. 

In the year 1836 a geological survey of the State of Ohio 
was organized, but after two annual reports its work was 
brought to an untimely end by the financial troubles of 1837. 
The southwestern part of the State was entrusted to Dr. 
John Locke. In the second annual report* he gave a brief 
account of the ‘“‘ Blue Limestone,” as the formation in the 
southwestern corner of Ohio was called, and the overlying 
“Cliff Limestone.” Plate 2, facing p. 210, gives a section 


* Second Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. State of Ohio, Columbus, 1838, pp. 205-211. 


4 


The Geology of Cincinnati. 53 


from “‘ Keys’s Hill” across the Ohio River to ‘“‘ Botany Hill” 
in Kentucky. It isinteresting to note that the main divisions 
of the Cincinnati strata are well indicated. The Blue Lime- 
stone was considered to have a thickness of at least 1,coo feet. 
The general arrangement of the strata of Ohio was fairly 
well understood, and the Cincinnati uplift as the axis upon 
whose slopes later formations were successively laid down was 
well made out. 

As early as 1829 the Blue Limestone was correlated by 
Lardner Vanuxem* with the rocks occurring at Trenton 
Falls, New York, from their fossil contents. This determina- 
tion was generally accepted for many years. 

In the following decade the magnificent work of the New 
York Geological Survey, by making known and naming the 
successive Paleozoic formations of the State of New York, 
laid the groundwork for American geological science. Two 
questions the survey left unsettled; one produced the cele- 
brated Taconic controversy, the other was the real meaning 
and scope of the term Hudson River group. Dr. W. W. 
Mather,{ in charge of the First Geological District, proposed 
the name Hudson River slate group, which he afterward{ 
amended to Hudson River group, for the lowest rocks in his 
district, exposed along the Hudson River. The rocks were 
generally unfossiliferous, and more or less altered after their 
deposition. The term, while accepted by the Geological 
Board of the State, seems not to have received entire approval 
or been clearly understood. Emmons§ continued to use the 
term Lorraine Shales for a formation, finely shown in the 
gorges of Jefferson County, New York, occupying supposedly 
the same geological horizon. 

Gradually doubt arose as to Vanuxem’s correlation of the 
Blue Limestone with the Trenton of New York. Prof. 
James Hall,|| in 1842, considered a green shale occurring at 
Newport, Kentucky, equivalent to the Utica shale of New 
York, and the rock below it, seen only during low water in 


* Amer. Jour. Sci., XVI, 1829, p. 256. 

+ Fourth Ann. Rep. Geol. Survey New York, 1840, p. 212. 

{ Geol. New York, Geol. First Geol. District, 1843, p. 367. 

2 Geol. New York, Part II, Second Geol. District, 1842, p. 119. 
| Amer. Jour. Sci., XLII, 1842, p. 61. 


54 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


the Ohio River, as probably the equivalent of the Trenton. 
This early correct determination seems to have been lost 
sight of or disbelieved. A year later Prof. Hall* referred the 
main mass of strata occurring at Cincinnati to the Hudson 
River group. Some years later, 1862, Prof. Hall,t influenced 
by the studies of Sir William Logan, of the Canadian Geo- 
logical survey, concluded that the strata in the valley of the 
Hudson referred to the Hudson River group were older 
geologically than those referred to the same group farther 
west in New York and in the Mississippi valley and proposed 
to drop the term. But in 1877{ he concluded that he had 
been in error in dropping the term. 

In 1865 Meek and Worthen,§ then at work upon the 
geology of. Illinois, influenced by Hall’s discarding the term 
Hudson River group and the uncertainty prevailing as to 
just what this term stood for, proposed the term ‘‘Cincinnati 
group” for the blue limestone strata of Cincinnati and 
vicinity and their equivalents elsewhere. 


The second geological survey of Ohio began in 1869 a 
thorough examination of the geological structure of the State. 
The term “Cincinnati group” was adopted for the “Blue 
Limestone series” of the first survey. Partly for the reasons 
given by Meek and Worthen, but more especially because he 
considered that the blue limestone formed a homogeneous 
and indivisible whole in which there was a hopeless and 
inextricable confusion of Hudson and Trenton species, Dr. 
-J. S. Newberry,|| the chief of the survey, felt constrained to 
adopt their name. But as to this intermingling of Hudson 
and Trenton fossils, Dr. Newberry was mistaken; this sup- 
posed intermingling is due to the faulty identification of fos- 
sils incident to a time when paleontological science had not 
reached its present refinement and exactness. 


This conclusion of the geological survey seems not to have 
been acceptable in all quarters. While Mr. S. A. Miller at 


* Trans. Amer. Assoc. Geol. and Nat., 1843, pp. 267-293. 

+ Rep. Geol. Surv. Wisconsin, I, 1862, p. 47 (foot note) and p. 443. 

t Note upon the history and value of the term Hudson River group in American 
geological nomenclature. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., XXVI, 1877, pp. 259-265. 

Zz Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 1865, p. 155, and Geol. Illinois, I, 1866, p. 136. 

| Geol. Surv. Ohio, I, 1873, p. 117. 


6 


The Geology of Cincinnati. 55 


first* seems to have accepted the name, he later** calls it a 
synonym for the Hudson River group. In 1879 a committee 
of ten of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, with Mr. 
Miller as chairman, submitted to that body a report in which 
it was held that the strata in the river bank in the First Ward 
of Cincinnati (Fulton) and those in Taylor’s Creek, east of 
Newport, containing 77zarthrus becki are to be considered of 
Utica age; all strata above these indicate the Hudson River 
group of New York. 

This summary rejection of the name Cincinnati group did 
not have the indorsement of all the Cincinnati geologists ; 
Mr. U. P. Jamestf objected to thus summarily disposing of a 
valid and well-established name. As pointed out by Mr. 
Joseph F. James, some of the members of the committee 
continued to use the term ‘‘ Cincinnati group.”’ 

At a later date, 1888, Dr. Orton, {ft then State Geologist, pro- 
posed to discontinue the use of the term Cincinnati group. 
The three hundred feet of shale, disclosed by drilling at 
Findlay, Ohio, as overlying the Trenton, which he identified 
as the equivalent of the Utica shale of New York, led him to 
adopt the term Hudson River group for the shales overlying 
these three hundred feet of Utica shales. 

In an admirable review of the Hudson River question in 
the light of his own investigations, Mr. Charles D. Walcott$ 
favored retaining the term Hudson (dropping the “‘River’’) for 
the series of strata between the Trenton limestone and the 
superjacent Upper Silurian rocks, Hudson being made the 
name of the terrane to include the Hudson River shales and 
grits, Utica shales, Frankfort shales, Lorraine shale and sand- 
stone, Salmon River sandstone and shale, Cincinnati shale 
and limestone, Nashville shale, and Maquoketa shale. 

The question of the name may now be considered to have 
been practically quieted. Winchell and Ulrichl| in their cor- 


* Cincinnati Quar. Jour. Sci., I, 1874, pp. 63-4. 

** Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1881, p. 268. 
+ Ibid., I, 1879, pp. 193-4. 

++ The Paleontologist, No. 4, 1879, pp. 27, 28. 

{ Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XIV, 1891, p, 98. 
tt Geol. Surv. Ohio, VI, 1888, p. 9. 

2 Bull. Geol. Soc. America, I, 1890, pp. 335-356. 

|| Geol. Minnesota, III, Part II, 1897, p. ci. 


7 


56 Cincinnati Society of Natural FTistory. 


relation of Lower Silurian strata use the title ‘‘The Hudson 
River or Cincinnati Period,” but express their preference for 
the second term, the other having been placed first because 
used in previous volumes issued by the Minnesota survey. 
Clarke and Schuchert,* in giving a revised nomenclature of 
the New York series of geological formations, use the term 
Cincinnatian — with the divisions Utica, Lorraine and Rich- 
mond (Ohio and Indiana)— omitting the term Hudson River 
altogether. Rudolf Ruedemany has shown by an exhaustive 
study of the Hudson River beds near Albany, New York, that 
a fault, not hitherto detected, separates the strata of the Hud- 
son River valley from those of the Mohawk valley, and that 
the fauna of the Hudson River beds, mainly graptolites, 
proves to belong to a terrane low in the Trenton, hence the 
name Hudson River is a misnomer 


SUBDIVISIONS. 
1. River Quarry Beds — (Point Pleasant Beds.) 


The Cincinnati anticline, or as Prof. Orton has since wisely 
renamed it, the Cincinnati uplift, is exhaustively treated by 
Dr. J. S. Newberry in volume I, pp. 93-111, of the Reports 
of the Ohio Geological Survey, to which the reader is referred 
for full particulars. 

In the division of work of the second geological survey of 
Ohio Prof. Edward Orton was assigned the geology of the 
southwestern part of the State. In his report he divides 
the Cincinnati group into the Point Pleasant beds, exposed 
in the north bank of the Ohio River in Clermont County, 
about twenty-five miles east of Cincinnati, to which he 
assigned a thickness of fifty feet; the Cincinnati beds proper, 
extending from low-water mark of the Ohio River to the 
highest stratum tound in the Cincinnati hills, comprising 450 
feet; and the Lebanon division, embracing about 300 feet of 
strata, lying between the highest stratum of the Cincinnati 
hills and the lowermost beds of unmistakable Upper Silurian 
age. The Cincinnati beds proper he divided into the river 

* Scie1ce, n. s., X, 1899, pp. 874-878. 


+ Bull. New York State Mus., VIII, No. 42, 1900, pp. 564-568. 
{ Geol. Surv. Ohio, I, 1873, pp. 365-449. 


8 


The Geology of Cincinnati. 57 


quarry beds, fifty feet thick; the middle or Eden shales, 250 
feet thick; and the Hill quarry beds, 150 feet thick. 

This division was criticised by Mr. S. A. Miller,* who could 
not see that the Point Pleasant beds were any different from 
Cincinnati beds, though probably somewhat lower, and that 
the divisions of the Cincinnati beds proper were useless, and 
with no facts to warrant any such division. The committee 
of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History on nomencla- 
ture** reported that the Trenton is not exposed at Cincinnati, 
nor at any point west of the city, ‘“‘but we think it may be 
represented in the banks of the Ohio River a few miles east 
of the city.” 

Thus the age of the Point Pleasant beds proved a matter 
of dispute. Mr. W. M. Linney,t of the Kentucky Geological 
Survey, thought the Trenton included ‘doubtless, the build- 
ing stones quarried at Point Pleasant, on the Ohio River 
above Cincinnati.’’ In a paper on the correlation of the 
Lower Silurian horizons, Mr. EK. O. Ulricht} seems to have re. 
garded the Point Pleasant beds as of the same age as the strata 
outcropping in the river bank in West Covington, which he 
includes in his ‘‘ Beds XI;” earlier in the same paper{ these 
beds are referred to ‘“‘ Beds X”’ which are exposed at Lexing- 
ton, Kentucky. Throughout this paper, which was left 
unfinished, the author studiously avoids indicating the age of 
the various beds, no doubt intending to give this in the later 
discussion. 

In Volume VI of the Reports of the Ohio Geological Survey, 
dealing mainly with petroleum and natural gas, and the 
geological facts brought to light by the drill, the Point Plea- 
sant beds are recognized for the first time by the survey as 
Trenton.§ The equivalent strata|| at Cincinnati were con- 
sidered to be 300 feet below the surface. How sucha dip in 
twenty odd miles is made to agree with the almost horizontal 


* Cincinnati Enquirer, August 7, 1873. 

*** Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., I, 1879, pp. 193-4; 

+ Notes on the Rocks of Central Kentucky. Geol. Surv. Kentucky, J. R. Proctor, 
Director, 1882, p. 6. 

+7 Amer. Geologist, I, 1888, p. 307. 

t Ibid., p. 18r. 

¢Geol. Surv. Ohio, VI, 1888, p. 5. 

|| Ibid., p. 6. 


58 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


character of the strata of the Cincinnati uplift as previously 
worked out by Prof. Orton* is not explained. 

In 1890 Prof. Joseph F. James studied the Point Pleasant 
beds and gave a detailed columnar section.** He reached the 
conclusion that the rocks in the river bank from West Cov- 
ington to Ludlow are identical with the Point Pleasant beds, 
in which conclusion he was correct; and that neither belongs 
to the Trenton, in which he was incorrect, as these strata are 
unquestionably of Trenton age. In 1897 Winchell and 
Ulrich, in their correlation of Silurian horizons,t referred to 
the West Covington river beds as belonging to the Trenton 


group. 
Il. Eden Shales — (Utica Group.) 


The earliest identification of Utica at Cincinnati was by 
Prof. James Hall in 1842 (see ante p. 53). The Committee‘on 
Geological Nomenclature of the Cincinnati Society of Natural 
History (see ante p. 55) also considered these strata, at least 
the lower part of them, as Utica. Later these strata seem to 
have given trouble. Ulrich in his paper on the correlation of 
the Lower Silurian Horizons} says: ‘‘Several feet of shales 
that are supposed to represent the portion of the section imme- 
diately below that mentioned in the preceding paragraph [the 
West Covington or Ludlow strata] are exposed under the 
bank of the river in the First Ward of Cincinnati.” In 
reality these shales overlie the Trenton rocks of West Cov- 
ington. This error has caused some of the fossils which 
properly belong in column XIb to be placed in column XIa§. 
In this same paper Ulrich|| identifies his ‘‘Beds XIb,” to 
which he gives a thickness of 225 feet, with the black shales 
300 feet thick, immediately overlying the Trenton in the 
Findlay wells, which he agreed with Prof. Orton in correlat- 
ing with the Utica shale of New York. ‘There can be no 
question as to the correctness of this identification. 


* Geol. Ohio, I, 1873, p. 412. 

** Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XIV, 1891, pp. 93-104. 
+ Geol. Minnesota, III. Part 11, 1897, p. xeviii. 

t American Geologist, I, 1888, p. 309. 

7 Amer. Geologist, I, 1888, pp. 183-190. See also p. 312. 

|| Ibid., p. 315. 


IO 


The Geology of Cincinnatt. 59 


In Volume VI of the Reports of the Geological Survey of 
Ohio, Prof. Orton* shows that the black Utica slate or shale, 
300 feet thick under cover at Findlay, gradually thins toward 
the south and is finally lost by overlap of the Hudson River 
shale, and considers, that if any part of the series exposed at 
Cincinnati and vicinity belongs to the Utica, it is the fifty to 
too feet of greenish blue shale overlying the Point Pleasant 
or Trenton limestone, but thinks that, on the whole, the evi- 
dence is against their having been formed contemporaneously 
with the black Utica shale of northern Ohio. 


Ill. Hill Quarry Beds — (Lorraine Group.) 


To that division of the Cincinnati beds proper, that overlies 
the Eden or middle shales, Prof. Orton gave the name Hill 
Quarry beds with a thickness of 150 feet. The layer at the 
top of the highest hills in the city of Cincinnati, which con- 
tains the large Orthis (Platystrophia) lynx, and which was 
traced into adjoining counties on the east and north, was con- 
sidered to mark the boundary between this division and the 
next succeeding, to which he gave the name Lebanon beds. 

The name Lorraine shales was given by Ebenezer Emmonst 
to a series of shales finely exposed in the gorges of Lorraine 
and Rodman in Jefferson County, New York, overlying the 
Utica slate, and consisting of thin beds of gray sandstone, 
alternating with fine argillaceous slates of a greenish color, 
even bedded, and in the upper part highly fossiliferous. He 
did not correlate it with the Hudson River group. 

No attempt was made to apply the name to strata in the 
Mississippi valley, until it became quite evident that the term 
Hudson River group wasa misnomer. In their correlation of 
strata Winchell and Ulrich} propose to use the name Lorraine 
group for the 200 feet of strata at Cincinnati overlying the 
shale beds which they refer to the Utica.§ The term has also 
been used by Mr. Charles Schuchert in his ‘‘ Synopsis of 
American Fossil Brachiopoda,|| but he has made it include the 
strata to which the term Richmond group is now applied. 


* Geol. Ohio, VI, 1888, p. 8. 

7 Geol. New York, Part II, Survey of the Second Geol. District, 1842, p. 119. 
t Geol. Minnesota. ILI, Part II, 1897, p. cii. 

2 Ibid., p. cii. 

| Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, No. 87, 1897. 


et 


60 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


IV. Lebanon Beds — (Richmond Group.) 


The upper division of the Cincinnati series was named by 
Prof. Orton the Lebanon beds, with a thickness of nearly 300 
feet. For this name Winchell and Ulrich* have substituted 
the name Richmond group, from Richmond, Indiana, where 
this division is finely exposed, holding that the name Lebanon 
is objectionable, as it was previously applied by Safford to 
Tennessee rocks belonging to the Trenton. Another, per- 
haps more valid objection, is the fact that all the strata in the 
immediate vicinity of Lebanon, Ohio, belong to the Lorraine 
group. The Richmond is not present in the New York 
system, unless a sandstone formation overlying the Lorraine 
shales represents it. 


6. STRATIGRAPHY. 
THE TRENTON PERIOD AT CINCINNATI. 


Point Pleasant Beds. 


The principal exposures of these beds in the vicinity of 
Cincinnati are the outcrop in the south bank of the Ohio 
River, extending from West Covington one mile west to 
Ludlow, which presents the most satisfactory exposure for 
study; an outcrop at the mouth of the Licking River and 
outcrops at various points in its banks for several miles up 
that stream; outcrops in the south bank of the Ohio River 
in Campbell County, Kentucky, from Fort Thomas up the 
river for a number of miles; and in the north bank of the 
Ohio in Clermont County, Ohio, particularly in the vicinity 
of Point Pleasant. 

At Point Pleasant and at several small streams between 
Point Pleasant and New Richmond, quarries have been 
opened in the Trenton, though at present none are worked. 
The Trenton is much thicker here than has been heretofore 
reported; the highest stratum of the Trenton is about 
130 feet above low-water mark of the Ohio. The lowest 50 
or 60 feet are rarely shown, but appear to differ but little 
lithologically from the strata higher up, which have been 


* Geol. Minnesota, III, Part II, 1897, p. ciii. 


12 


The Geology of Cincinnati. 61 


quarried. From 4o to 50 feet are shown in the quarries, 
leaving some 30 feet more before reaching the top of the 
Trenton. 

An average section of the exposure in West Covington is 
as follows: 


None Crinoidal layer, 00) 6 (sig ag Absa. a ul = ite: 
No. 2. Limestone layers with some shale,. .. . 27 feet. 
No. 1. Layers consisting mainly of bluish shale, 17 feet. 
Concealed to low-water mark,...... 4 feet. 

AG Gall se ee Oe ee eee its 8 we SO Tete 


No. 3. This layer marks the top of the Trenton formation 
about Cincinnati. Utica shale rests upon its upper surface 
with more or less unconformity by erosion. It is composed 
of comminuted fragments, mainly of separated joints of 
crinoid stems, indiscriminately thrown together and more or 
less firmly cemented, the arrangement giving evidence of 
current formation and perturbed changing conditions. The 
fact that the limestones beneath this layer give place to the 
shale above it indicates that a very great change had come in 
geographical conditions. This layer, No. 3, contains several 
forms restricted to it, most noticeable being the huge 
Escharopora ponderosa (Ulrich), and the Dendrocrinus dyert 
Meek. 

No. 2. This division consists mainly of even-bedded, close- 
textured, dove-colored limestones, varying from two to six 
inches or somewhat more in thickness. Some of the layers 
are semi-crystalline, some so close-textured that all traces 
of fossils have disappeared, some are a mass of fossils. This 
last is especially true of the ‘‘gastropod layers,” in the lower 
part of this division. On the whole fossils are abundant, but 
good specimens are not to be easily had. The shale partings 
between the limestone layers, varying from one to eight 
inches in thickness are usually barren, but are sometimes 
very rich in fossils, especially minute ostracoda. 

No. 1. These shales are usually bluish and friable, and 
commonly entirely destitute of fossils. This shale is a 
variable feature; in some places it is much reduced in thick- 
ness, then the limestone division is increased in thickness. 


13 


62 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


About ten feet below the crinoidal layer (No. 3), a ‘wavy 
limestone’’ layer makes its appearance. No satisfactory ex- 
planation has yet been given of the mode of formation of 
these undulated limestones, which occur also in the Utica 
and Richmond groups. It is only the upper surface which 
is waved. 

A large and varied fauna has been made known from these 
Trenton beds, but it is the result of many years’ careful 
searching by many collectors. The meagre results of a day’s 
collecting will no doubt prove disappointing to those visiting 
the “low river quarries”’ for the first time. The commonest 
and most characteristic fossil is the bryozoan £ridotrypa 
briareus (Nicholson). Below is given a list of fossils recorded 
as occurring in the Point Pleasant beds.* 


CQALENTERATA. 
Tetradium fibratum Safford. 


ECHINODERMATA. 
Dendrocrinus dyeri (Meek). Lichenocrinus pattersoni Miller. 
e navigiolus Miller. Merocrinus typus Walcott. 


Iocrinus subcrassus Meek and _ Palezaster dubius Miller and Dyer. 
Worthen, variety. 


*The lists given in this paper are by no means exhaustive. After all the pains- 
taking collecting of many years new forms are continually being brought to light. 
Harper and Bassler’s Catalogue of the Fossils occurring in the vicinity of Cincinnati, 
1896, which gives the ranges of fossils, has been used as a basis in assigning the 
fossils to the various subdivisions given in this paper. In revising the lists and 
making corrections where needed, the writer has had the generous help of his 
friends, Messrs. R. S. Basslerand E. O. Ulrich. The exact horizons at which some 
of the rare forms have been found are not known; hence these forms may have been 
assigned to wrong beds. Some species that are given as restricted to certain beds 
may prove to havea longer range, others may be found to be more restricted than 
here indicated. 

It is unfortunate that there is at Cincinnati no good representative collection of 
her fossils. The fine collections made in earlier years, which can probably never be 
duplicated, have been taken away. The magnificent collection of C. B. Dyer, which 
contained the choicest gatherings of a number of collectors for a long period of 
years, comprising a very large number of the rare forms, some of them unique, is 
now the property of the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, at Harvard University, in 
Cambridge, Massachusetts. ‘The fine collection of I. H. Harris, of Waynesville, Ohio, 
which was especially rich in rare Richmond group forms, is now the property of the 
U.S. National Museum. The latter institution has also recently come into possession 
of the unrivaled collection of E. O. Ulrich, which contains a very large number of 
types of bryozoa, gastropoda, lamellibranchs and of other classes. The collection of 
U. P. James, very rich in bryozoa and also containing many types, has gone to the 
University of Chicago. The paleontological collection of the Cincinnati Society of 
Natural History consists mainly of odds and ends which have come to it piecemeal. 


14 


The Geology of Cincinnati. 63 


BRYOZOA. 


Aspidopora calycula (James). 
Eridotrypa briareus (Nicholson) 
(c)# 


Eridotrypa mutabilis (Ulrich). (c) 
Peronopora sp. 
Escharopora ponderosa (Ulrich). 


BRACHIOPODA. 


Leptobolus lepis Hall. 
Lingula covingtonensis Hall and 
Whitfield. 
Lingula modesta Ulrich. 
-)procteri Wilrich: 
‘  whitfieldi Ulrich. 
Lingulops norwoodi (James). 


Plectambonitessericeus( Sowerby ) 


Rafinesquina alternata Conrad- 
Emmons, variety. (c) 

Schizocrania schucherti Hall and 
Clarke. 

Trematis fragilis Ulrich. 

Zygospira recurvirostris Hall. 


PELECYPODA. 


Byssonychia byrnesi Ulrich. 
Clionychia subundata Ulrich. 
Lyrodesma subplanum Ulrich. 

i poststriatum Emmons. 
Modiolopsis oblonga Ulrich. 
Pyrenomceus subcuneatus Ulrich. 
Whiteavesia cancellata (Walcott). 


Whiteavesia cincinnatiensis (Hall 
and Whitfield). (c) 
Whiteavesia kentonensis (Ulrich). 
a modioliformis (Meek 
and Worthen). 
Whiteavesia pulchella Ulrich. 


GASTROPODA. 


Archinacella patelliformis (Hall). 
Bucania nana Ulrich. 
Carinaropsis explanata Ulrich. 
Conularia quadrata Walcott. 
be trentonensis Hall. 

Cyclonema varicosum Hall. 
Cyclora depressa Ulrich. 

“  minuta Hall. 

‘““ parvula (Hall). 


Cyrtolites parvus Ulrich. 

- retrorsus Ulrich. 
Cyrtolitina nitidula Ulrich. 
Fusispira sulcata Ulrich. 
Lophospira abnormis Ulrich. 

si oweni Ulrich and Sco- 
field. 
Protowarthia cancellata (Hall). (c) 
Tetranota bidorsata (Hall). 


CEKPHALOPODA. 


Cameroceras proteiforme (Hall), 
variety. 
Orthoceras albersi Miller. 
“ junceum Hall. 


Orthoceras ludlowense Miller and 
Faber. 
Trocholites ammonius Conrad. 


VERMES. 


Cornulites sp. Serpulites dissolutus Billings. 


* The (c) following the name of a species indicates that it is a common fossil. 


- 


15 


64 Cincinnati Society of Natural Fiistory. 


CRUSTACEA. 
Asaphus gigas DeKay. Lepidocoleus jamesi (Hall and 
4 maximus Locke. Whitfield). 
Calymmene callicephala Green. Primitia perminima Ulrich. 
Ceratopsis intermedia Ulrich. Primitiella unicornis Ulrich. 
Gerasaphes ulrichanus Clarke. Trinucleus concentricus Eaton. 


Ulrichia bivertex Ulrich. 


POSITION UNCERTAIN. 


Bythotrephis gracilis Hall. Lockeia siliquaria James. 
: gracilis-crassa Hall. Solenopora compacta (Billings). 


THE CINCINNATI PERIOD. 


The formation comprising the surface strata of south- 
western Ohio, southeastern Indiana and northern Kentucky, 
early known as the Blue Limestone, afterwards as the Cin- 
cinnati Group, has now come to be considered one of the 
major divisions of the Ordovician or Lower Silurian Era, 
with the title Cincinnati Period. As a whole it consists of 
clayey or marly, bluish or yellowish shales alternating with 
even-bedded, rather thin layers of limestone, the latter 
usually bluish and abundant enough to justify the early 
designation of Blue Limestone Formation. Occasionally 
there are layers containing considerable grit. ‘Towards the 
close of the period considerable beds of sandy material were 
deposited in some places; e. g., the Cumberland sandstone 
of Kentucky. 

While formerly considered a homogeneous whole, even 
with the Trenton strata of West Covington included, the 
Cincinnati period is now known to be easily separable into 
three divisions important enough to justify the application 
of the term group. ‘These divisions in descending order are: 


3. Richmond group, . . . between 200 and 300 feet thick. 

2: Lorraine: SrOuUp, 2: so.) co. se Oa ole ERO Mee ere Haelcs 

Te WiklearSrOu sn. ene Ae - 2) 2 8 200 feet thick: 
Total, TUS pints rs eee sre a7 0-6 7Oseem 


16 


The Geology of Cincinnati. 65 


There is considerable variation in the different groups in 
the proportions of limestone and shale. Shale greatly pre- 
dominates in the Utica, but from the lower beds of the 
Lorraine on, the proportion of limestone gradually increases. 
This shows that there was a gradual change from more or 
less turbulent conditions prevailing at the close of the 
Trenton to the time of the Lower Richmond, when quiet seas 
permitted the accumulation of the materials for closely suc- 
ceeding beds of limestone. As the period came to a close, 
there came anew turbulent conditions. ‘The fauna of the 
different groups indicates the same succession of changes. 


The character and conditions of the sedimentation would 
naturally produce strata in which fossils are very abundant. 
As in the Trenton period preceding, the bryozoa are the 
most abundant form of life. The quiet interior sea in which 
these strata were deposited proved a most congenial home 
for this form of life. Some strata are literally made up of 
their remains. Next in abundance are the brachiopods. 
The fragments of the broken shells of the latter sometimes 
compose beds of considerable thickness. Less than four per 
cent of all the forms known from the Cincinnati period, and 
these forms are of course widely distributed and generally 
subject to considerable variation, are found to range through- 
out. The great bulk of forms have usually a limited vertical 
range. 


The following is a list of the forms which, as far as present 
knowledge goes, are found in all the groups of the Cincinnati 
period: 

CORLENTERATA. 


Labechia? papillata (James). (c) 


ECHINODERMATA. 


Iocrinus subcrassus Meek and Worthen, and varieties. 


BRYOZOA. 


Ceramoporella ohioensis (Nichol- Stomatopora arachnoidea (Hall). 


son). (c) (c) 


Stomatopora delicatula (James ). 


17 


66 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


BRACHIOPODA. 


Crania scabiosa Hall. (c) Trematis millepunctata Hall. 
Rafinesquina alternata Conrad- Zygospira modesta Say-Hall. (c) 
Emmons. (c) 
PELECYPODA. 


Byssonychia radiata (Hall). (c) Ctenodonta obliqua Hall. 


GASTROPODA. 
Cyclora depressa Ulrich. Lophospira tropidophora (Meek). 
“hoffmanni Miller. Microceras inornatum Hall. (c) 
S minuta Hall. (c) Protowarthia cancellata (Hall). (c) 
“ parvula Hall. 
CEPHALOPODA. 


Cameroceras sp. (proteiforme Hall?). 


VERMES. 


Nereidavus varians Grinnell. 


CRUSTACEA. 
Aparchites minutissimus (Hall). Bythocypris cylindrica (Hall). 
Asaphus gigas DeKay. Calymmene callicephala Green. (c) 
ee maximus Locke. Ulrichia nodosa Ulrich. (c) 


Bollia persulcata Ulrich (c) 


POSITION UNCERTAIN. 


Arthraria biclavata Miller. Pasceolus globosus Billings. 
Bythotrephis gracilis Hall. Rusophycus bilobatum Vanuxem. 
ss gracilis-crassa Hall. 


The Utica Group. 


The Utica group in its typical exposures in the State of 
New York is described as consisting of black bituminous 
slates with a thickness at Utica, New York, of over 600 feet.* 
The Utica in northern Ohio, as revealed by drillings from the 
wells at Findlay and other places, is a black shale. Prof. 
Orton,f comparing the records of drillings, finds that the 
Utica or black shale thins out towards the south as the Ohio 
River is approached, but the overlying Hudson River shales, 
as he calls them, are increased in thickness. The thickness 

* Walcott, C.D. The Utica Slate and Related Formations. Trans. Albany Insti- 


tute, X, 1879, p. 1. — 
+ Geol., Ohio, VI, p. 8. 


The Geology of Cincinnati. 67 


of the two together is fairly constant. The color is not a 
matter of much importance. That the shales in southwestern 
Ohio are bluish or greenish in color, instead of black, does 
not preclude them from being of Utica age. 


The series of shales at Cincinnati overlying the limestone 
strata now referred to the Point Pleasant beds, was denom- 
inated the middle or Eden shales by Prof. Orton.* As there 
can be no doubt of their Utica age, Prof. Orton’s name 
lapses. Besides holding the same horizon in the geological 
scale as the New York Utica, the specific identity of several 
fossils, notably Zyriarthrus becki, very characteristic of the 
eastern Utica, has been established. Much more could not 
be asked. Besides being several hundred miles apart, the 
New York Utica was laid down under very different condi- 
tions and comparatively close to the source of its sediments, 
while the Ohio Utica was formed probably far from land in a 
large, rather shallow, interior sea. Under the circumstances 
the latter would have a very much more extensive and 
different fauna, especially if a barrier of some sort separated 
the two areas: 


The Utica at Cincinnati consists mainly of soft bluish or 
grayish shales, of which some harden on exposure and others 
decompose. Some layers form a close approach to marl. To 
only a very limited extent is it a surface formation, but is 
often exposed by ravines around the city and by cuttings in 
the lower slopes of the hills. At no point can a continuous 
section be studied, nor is it easy to correlate different ex- 
posures, as they present great similarity in lithological 
features and few or none of the common Utica fossils have a 
short vertical range. 


While the group consists mainly of shale, limestones are 
not altogether wanting, and occasionally a layer of limestone 
from four to six inches thick, or even more, will be found. 
The limestone forms, perhaps, one-tenth or one-eighth of the 
entire mass. Several of the limestones in the lower part are 
of the waved variety. Some of the shale layers abound in 
clay concretions. The thickness of the group at Cincinnati 
is about 260 feet. 


* Geol., Ohio, I, 1873, p. 372. 


19 


68 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


The following list contains the species which range through 


the Utica. 


CAQELENTERATA. 


Climacograptus typicalis Hall. 
Dendrograptus gracillimus Les- 
quereux. 


Diplograptus putillus Hall. 
Labechia? papillata James. (c) 


ECHINODERMATA. 


Ectenocrinus grandis (Meek). 
4 simplex Hall. 
Heterocrinus heterodactylus Hall, 
varieties. 


Heterocrinus heterodactylus - pro- 
pinquus Meek. 

Iocrinus subcrassus Meek and 
Worthen. 

Lichenocrinus crateriformis Hall. 


BRYOZOA. 


Arthrostylus tenuis (James). 

Batostoma implicatum (Nichol- 
son). (c) 

Bythopora arctipora (Nicholson). 
(c) 

Callopora onealli-communis 
(James). (c) 

Callopora onealli-sigillarioides 
(Nicholson). (c) 

Ceramoporella distincta Ulrich.(c) 


Ceramoporella ohioensis (Nichol- 
son). (c) 

Cceloclema concentricum (James). 
(c) 

Peronopora vera Ulrich. (c) 

Proboscina confusa (Nicholson). 

Leptotrypa? clavis Ulrich. 

Stomatopora arachnoidea (Hall). 
(c) ; 


Stomatopora delicatula (James). 


BRACHIOPODA. 


Crania scabiosa Hall. (c) 

Dalmanella multisecta (James- 
Meek). (c) 

Lingula modesta Ulrich- 

Plectambonites sericeus 
(Sowerby). (c) 


Rafinesquina alternata Conrad- 
Emmons. (c) 

Trematis millepunctata Hall. 

Zygospira modesta Say-Hall. 


PELECYPODA. 


Byssonychia radiata (Hall). (c) 
Clidophorus fabulus Hall. 
. planulatus Conrad. 


Ctenodonta obliqua (Hall). 
are perminuta Ulrich. 
Modiolopsis faba Emmons. 


GASTROPODA: 


Cyclora depressa Ulrich. 
: hoffmanni Miller. 
Sy minata etal (c) 
* parvula Hall. 


Lophospira tropidophora ( Meek). 
Microceras inornatum Hall. (c) 
Protowarthia cancellata (Hall).(c) 


CEPHALOPODA. 


Cameroceras sp. (proteiforme 
Hall ?). 


Orthoceras transversum Miller. 


20 


The Geology of Cincinnati. 69 


VERMES. 
Nereidavus varians Grinnell. Serpulites dissolutus Billings. 
CRUSTACEA. 

Acidaspis cincinnatiensis Meek, Bythocypris cylindrica (Hall). 

and varieties. Calymmene callicephala Green.(c) 
Acidaspis crossota (Locke). Ceratopsis chambersi ( Miller). (c) 
Aparchites minutissimus (Hall). Lepidocoleus jamesi (Hall and 
Asaphus gigas DeKay. Whitfield). 

: maximus Locke. Primitia centralis Ulrich. 

Bollia persulcata Ulrich (c) Ulrichia nodosa (Ulrich). (c) 


POSITION UNCERTAIN. 


Arthraria biclavata Miller. Pasceolus globosus Billings. 
Bythotrephis gracilis Hall. Rusophycus bilobatum Vanuxem. 
ny gracilis-crassa Hall. 


Lower Utica or Aspidopora newberryi Beds. 


For convenience of study the group may be divided into © 
three subdivisions, more easily distinguished faunally than 
lithologically, though close study shows lithological differ- 
ences, which soon come to be felt, but are not easily 
described. 

The lowest division to which the term Lower Utica will be 
applied, embraces about 80 feet and is on the whole rather 
unfossiliferous, that'is, there are many layers in which fossils 
are scarce or wanting, but on the other hand there are some 
layers which are very prolific in fossils; on the whole, the 
fauna is an abundant one. In the number of species it excels 
the next two divisions, possibly because there have been 
more exposures and it has been more carefully hunted than 
the succeeding divisions. In this division, as in fact 
throughout the Cincinnati period, the trepostomatous 
bryozoa are the most abundant fossils in point of number 
of individuals; perhaps two-thirds of all the fossils are tre- 
postomatous bryozoa. For a faunal designation the term 
Aspidopora newberryi beds is proposed, as this bryozoan is 
quite a characteristic and fairly abundant species in this 
division, but very rare, if occurring at all in the succeeding 
division of the Utica. 


70 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Exposures of these beds are constantly becoming rarer. 
Formerly they were frequently exposed by the various small 
streams which found their way into the Ohio, but nearly all 
of these have been transformed into sewers, and their valleys 
taken for streets and building sites. The lowest shales, 
occurring in the river bank in the First Ward (Fulton and 
Columbia), and accessible only in low water of the Ohio 
River, have yielded a fauna limited to a few feet vertically. 
Among the forms obtained in these strata are Palezaster finet, 
Heterocrinus geniculatus, Merocrinus curtus, Plectambonites 
plicatellus, Ulrichia byrnesi, Elpe radiata, Triarthrus beckt, 
Dicranograptus ramosus, Diplograptus whitfieldi, Dendro- 
graptus tenuiramosus, Aspidopora areolata and Aspidopora 
newberryt. : 

The limestones in this division are usually harder and not 
so bluish as in the remaining Utica strata. The lowest shales 
are greenish-gray, drab, or yellowish, but soon give way to 
shales of various shades of blue and gray. 

The following list gives the fossils mainly restricted to this 
division, so far as known. A complete list will include those 
in the list on pages 68 and 69. 


SPONGLA. 
Lepidolites dickhauti Ulrich. 


CGRLENTERATA. 
Dendrograptus tenuiramosus Dicranograptus ramosus Hall. 
Walcott. Diplograptus whitfieldi Hall. 
ECHINODERMATA. 
Glyptocrinus pattersoni Miller. Palzeaster finei Ulrich. 
Heterocrinus exilis Hall. Teeniaster fimbriatus (Ulrich). 
= geniculatus Ulrich. ss flexuosus (Miller and 
Merocrinus curtus Ulrich. Dyer). 
BRYOZOA, 
Amplexopora petasiformis (Nich- Atactopora hirsuta Ulrich. 
olson). Atactoporella newportensisUlrich. 
Amplexopora petasiformis-welchi typicalis Ulrich. 
(James). Callopora onealli (James). 
Arthropora sp. Ceramoporella granulosa Ulrich, 
Aspidopora areolata Ulrich. variety. 
‘s newberryi(Nicholson). Crepipora solida (Ulrich). 
fs sp. e venusta (Ulrich). 


22 


The Geology of Cincinnati. 71 


Escharopora acuminata (James). Monotrypella zqualis Ulrich. 

Hemiphragma whitfieldi (James). Rhinidictya parallela (James). 
(c) Spatiopora sp. 

Leptotrypa? cortex Ulrich. Stictoporella flexuosa (James). 


Monotrypa turbinata (James). 


BRACHIOPODA. 

Crania albersi Miller. Orbiculoideatenuistriata ( Ulrich). 
“ dyeri Miller. Pholidops cincinnatiensis Hall. 
Dalmanella emacerata (Hall). Plectambonites plicatellus (UI- 

Leptezena rhomboidalis-gibbosa rich). 

(James). Rafinesquina ulrichi (James). 
Leptobolus insignis Hall. Strophomena halliana Miller. 
Lingula bisulcata Ulrich. Trematis magna Ulrich. 

PELECYPODA. 
Byssonychia vera Ulrich. Orthodontiscus ovatus (Ulrich). 
Ctenodonta filistriata Ulrich. Psiloconcha tenuistriata Ulrich. 
Cymatonota productifrons Ulrich. Pterinea mucronata Ulrich. 
Lyrodesma cincinnatiense Hall. Rhytimya radiata Ulrich. 
ct poststriatum Emmons. Technophorus cincinnatiensis 
Modiolopsis subtruncata Ulrich. Miller and Faber. 


Nuculites? yoldiiformis Ulrich. 


GASTROPODA. 
Archinacella patelliformis (Hall). | Lophospira lirata Ulrich. 
Cyrtolites retrorsus Ulrich. Tetranota obsoleta Ulrich and 
Fusispira terebriformis Hall. Scofield. 


Liospira micula (Hall). 
CEPHALOPODA. 


Orthoceras junceum Hall. 


VERMES. 
Eotrophonia setigera Ulrich. Protoscolex simplex Ulrich. 
Protoscolex covingtonensis Ulrich x tenuis Ulrich. 
t ornatus Ulrich. 
CRUSTACEA. 

Elpe radiata (Ulrich). Primitiella unicornis Ulrich. 
Jonesella crepidiformis (Ulrich). Ss whitfieldi Jones. 

(c) Triarthrus becki Green. 
Jonesella pedigera Ulrich. Trinucleus bellulus Ulrich. 
Placentula inornata Ulrich. « concentricus Eaton. 
Primitia centralis Ulrich. Ulrichia bivertex Ulrich. 

“+ rudis Ulrich. sf byrnesi (Miller). 


Primitiella claypoli Jones. 


23 


72 Cincinnati Soctety of Natural History. 


POSITION UNCERTAIN. 


Asaphoidichnus dyeri Miller. 
ie trifidum Miller. 
Bythotrephis ramulosa Miller. 
Dactylophycus quadripartitum 
Miller and Dyer. 
Dactylophycus tridigitatum 
Miller and Dyer. 
Ormathichnus moniliforme Miller. 
Petalichnus multipartitum Miller. 
Rusophycus asperum Miller and 
Dyer. 


Sphenophyllum primeyvum Les- 
quereux. 

Teratichnus confertum Miller. 

Trachomatichnus cincinnatiense 
Miller. 

Trachomatichnus numerosum 
Miller. 

Trachomatichnus permultum 
Miller. 

Trichophycus sulcatum Miller and 
Dyer. 


Middle Utica or Batostoma jamesi Beds. 


No sharp dividing lines can be drawn separating this series 
of beds from either the lower or upper Utica. The thickness 
is about 120 feet. This division has a somewhat less propor- 
tion of limestone than the other divisions of the Utica and is 
much less rich faunally. Exposures are not uncommon, but 
are rarely of a character to yield many fossils; that is, they 
usually show the edges of the outcropping strata, but are 
seldom thrown out and given a chance to weather. From 
the abundance of the bryozoan Batostoma jamesi (Nicholson) 
the beds may be known as the Batostoma jamesi beds. 

In addition to the fossils given in the list of those ranging 
through the Utica, the following occur, most of which are 
restricted to this division: 


CQLENTERATA. 


Dictyonema arbusculum (Ulrich). 


ECHINODERMATA. 


Mchenocrans dubius Miller. 


BRYOZOA. 


Amplexopora petasiformis (Nich- 
olson), variéty. 

Aspidopora eccentrica (James). 

Batostoma implicatum (Nichol- 
son) net (c)s 

Batostoma jamesi (Nicholson). 
Cel aone 

Bythopora arctipora (Nicholson). 


Callopora onealli - communis 
(James). (c). 

Callopora onealli - sigillarioides 
(Nicholson). (c). 

Callopora sp. 

Ceramoporella distincta Ulrich. 

Je granulosa’ Ulrich, 

variety. 


The Geology of Cincinnati. ; 73, 


Ceramoporella ohioensis (Nichol- Hemiphragma whitfieldi (James), 


son). variety. 

Cceloclema alternatum (James). Perouopora vera Ulrich. (c). 
Dekayella ulrichi (Nicholson). Proboscina confusa (Nicholson). 
BRACHIOPODA. 

Dalmanella emacerata (Hall). Rafinesquina squamula (James). 
Pholidops cincinnatiensis Hall. Strophomena halliana Miller. 
PELECYPODA. 
Clidophorus ellipticus Ulrich. Orthodesma occidentale Miller. 
Lyrodesma conradi Ulrich. Orthodontiscus mediocardinalis 
Modiolopsis angustata Ulrich. (Miller). 
i parva Ulrich. Orthodontiscus ovatus (Ulrich). 
ip simulatrix Ulrich. Psiloconcha minima Ulrich. 
GASTROPODA. 

’ Archinacella patelliformis (Hall). | Lophospira lirata Ulrich. 
Cyrtolites carinatus Miller. Protowarthia granistriata Ulrich. 
Hormotoma gracilis - angustata i planidorsata Ulrich. 

Hall. Trochonema nitidum Ulrich. 
Liospira micula (Hall). 
CEPHALOPODA. 
Cyrtoceras magister Miller. Trocholites minusculus Miller and 
2 ortoni (Meek). Dyer. 


“ 


ventricosum Miller. 


CRUSTACEA. 


Proetus spurlocki Meek. 
Ctenobolbina ciliata (Emmons). (c). 


Upper Utica or Dekayella ulrichi Beds. 


This division of the Utica is exceedingly fossiliferous, but 
the fauna is mainly of a bryozoan character. Limestones, 
especially of a thin, slabby kind, are considerably more 
numerous than in the divisions below, two heavy layers being 
usually found at its bottom. Although. Dekayella ulrichi 
(Nicholson) occurs plentifully in the middle Utica, it is so 
very abundant in these beds that the name Dekayella ulrichi 
beds seems an appropriate faunal designation. ‘The thickness 
of this division is about sixty feet. TShe beds have been fre- 
quently exposed in grading for streets and other porposes,. so 
that the fauna i is fairly well known. 


25 


74 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


In addition to the fossils in the list on pages 68 and 69, the 
following are found in the upper Utica: 


BRYOZOA. 
Amplexopora septosa (Ulrich). Constellaria constellata - promi- 
Arthropora shafferi-cleavelandi nens Ulrich. 

(James). Crepipora simulans Ulrich. 
Atactopora hirsuta Ulrich. Dekayella obscura Ulrich. 
Batostoma jamesi (Nicholson). (c) e ulrichi (Nicholson).(c) 
Berenicea vesiculosa Ulrich. . ulrichi-robusta Foord. 
Bythopora parvula James. Dekayia maculata (James). 
Callopora nodulosa (Nicholson). Escharopora falciformis (Nichol- 
Ceramoporella granulosa Ulrich, son), variety. 

variety. Phylloporina variolata (Ulrich). 
Ceramoporella granulosa - mil- Stomatopora arachnoidea- tenuis- 

fordensis (James). sima Ulrich. 


Coeloclemaalternatum(James).(c) 


GASTROPODA. 
Bellerophon capax Ulrich. 


CRUSTACEA. 


Ctenobolbina alata Ulrich. Ctenobolbina ciliata-curta Ulrich. 
- bispinosa Ulrich. 


POSITION UNCERTAIN. 


Rusophycus pudicum Hall. 
Protostigma sigillaroides Lesquereux. 


The Lorraine Group. 


The Lorraine at Cincinnati as compared with the under- 
lying Utica contains much less shale and more limestone. 
The shales are bluish or yellowish, and often marly. The 
limestones are even-bedded, on an average four or five inches 
thick, and bluish in color. No markedly waved layers have 
been observed in the Lorraine. All the higher strata at Cin- 
cinnati belong to the Lorraine, and for twenty or thirty miles 
around the city the streams expose these strata. The Lor- 
raine is also found in Kentucky and Tennessee. Mt. Par- 
nassus at Columbia, Tennessee, is a noted locality for Lor- 
raine fossils. 


26 


The Geology of Cincinnati. 75 


The Lorraine in Ohio is easily separable on faunal grounds, 
with corresponding more or less well-marked lithological 
characters, into six series of beds or subdivisions. In de- 
sceuding order these.are : 


6. Warren or Homotrypa bassleri Beds, .  . . about 8o feet. 
5. Mt. Auburn or Platystrophia lynx Beds . . . about 20 feet. 
4. Corryville or Chiloporella nicholsoni Beds, . . about 60 feet. 
3. Bellevue or MWonticulipora molesta Beds, . . . about 20 feet. 
2. Fairmount or Vekayia aspera Beds, . .  . . about 80 feet. 
1. Mt. Hope or Amplexopora septosa Beds, . . about 50 feet. 


The Lorraine is exceedingly fossiliferous. Throughout 
the trepostomatous bryozoa are very abundant. Some forms 
it has in common with the underlying Utica and the over- 
lying Richmond, yet the number is surprisingly small in 
comparison with the entire fauna. Owing to their usually 
having a restricted range, the bryozoa are excellent horizon 
markers. 

The species which range through the Lorraine, though in 
some beds, as, e. g., the Bellevue Beds, they may occur very 
rarely, are as follows: 

CGELENTERATA. 
Labechia? papillata (James). (c) 


ECHINODERMATA. 
Heterocrinus heterodactylus Hall, varieties. 
Iocrinus subcrassus Meek and Worthen, varieties. 
Lepidodiscus cincinnatiensis (Roemer). 


BRYOZOA. 
Ceramoporella ohioensis (Nicholson) (c) 
Stomatopora arachnoidea (Hall). (c) 
Stomatopora delicatula (James). 


BRACHIOPODA. 
Crania lzelia Hall. Rafinesquina alternata Conrad- 
““  seabiosa Hall (c) Emmons. (c) 
Hebertella sinuata (Hall). (c) Trematis millepunctata Hall. 


Platystrophia laticostata (James- Zygospira modesta Say-Hall. (c) 
Meek), and varieties. (c) 


27 


76 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


PELECYPODA. 


Byssonychia radiata (Hall). (c) Ctenodonta perminuta Ulrich. 
Clidophorus fabulus (Hall). Pterinea demissa Conrad (c) 
Ctenodonta obliqua (Hall). 
GASTROPODA. : 
Coleolus iowensis James. Cyrtolites ornatus Conrad. (c) 
Conularia formosa Miller and Hyolithes parviusculus Hall 
Dyer. Lophospira bowdeni (Safford).(c) 
Cyclora depressa Ulrich. tropidophora (Meek). 
‘“ hoffmanni Miller. Microceras inornatum Hall. (c) 
s minuta Hall. (c) Protowarthia cancellata (Hall).(c) 
“  parvula Hall. Shizolopha moorei Ulrich. 
CEPHALOPODA. 


Cameroceras sp. (proteiforme Hall ?). 


VERMES. 
Cornulites corrugatus(Nicholson). Nereidavus varians Grinnell. 
. sterlingensis (Meek Serpulites dissolutus Billings. 
and Worthen). 


CRUSTACEA. 
Acidaspis cincinnatiensis Meek, Calymmiene callicephala Green. (c) 
and varieties. Isotelus gigas DeKay. 
Aparchites minutissimus (Hall). : maximus Locke. 
Bollia persulcata Ulrich. (c) Lepidocoleus jamesi (Hall and 
Bythocypris cylindrica (Hall). Whitfield. 
; Ulrichia nodosa (Ulrich). (c) 


POSITION UNCERTAIN. 


Arthraria biclavata Miller. Pasceolus globosus Billings. 
Bythotrephis gracilis Hall. Rusophycus bilobatum Vanuxeni. 
a gracilis-crassa Hall. se pudicum Hall. 


Mt. Hope or Amplexopora septosa Beds. 


Overlying the Utica are several heavy, rather irregularly 
bedded limestones roughish in character. The layer of lime- 
stone which usually caps the Utica shale varies from eight to 
sixteen inches in thickness. It is a mass of fossils, mainly 
Dalmanella multisecta; the reddish specimens of this little 
shell sprinkling its upper surface render it an easily recog- 
nized stratum. ‘This and several succeeding limestone layers 
are sometimes quarried but do not afford a very satisfactory 


28 


The Geology of Cincinnatt. 77 


building stone; they do not dress well, and are usually so 
situated as not to be worked with profit. In Newport, Ken- 
tucky, they are about 300 feet above the Cincinnati city 
datum, low-water mark of the Ohio river, which is 432 feet 
above tide. | 

The horizon of the Strophomena planoconvexa, which has a 
very limited vertical range, is regarded as marking the 
boundary between the Mt. Hope beds and the succeeding 
Fairmount beds. Limestones are more abundant than in the 
upper Utica, but not so abundant as in the Fairmount beds, 
and these, and the intervening shales as well, are often 
inclined to be sandy. Occasionally there are layers showing 
the fossils as casts upon weathering. The few feet of lime- 
stones and intervening shales capping the upper Utica beds 
are crowded with bryozoa of about the same kinds as the 
beds just below them, but fossils soon become scarcer, and as 
a whole these beds appear to have a rather meager fauna. 
This may be only apparent, however, due to their rarely 
being exposed. The name Mt. Hope beds has been given 
from.an exposure found on the southeastern slope of Price 
Hill, known as Mt. Hope, where the strata are more clayey 
and less sandy than usual and the fossils better preserved. 
Although the Amplexopora septosa occurs rather sparingly in 
the upper Utica, it is very characteristic and abundant and 
finely developed in these beds, and so has been selected for 
the faunal designation. 

In addition to the species ranging through the Lorraine, 
the following are found in these beds: 


SPONGIZA. 


Anomalospongia reticulata Ulrich. 


BRYOZOA. 

Amplexoporaseptosa (Ulrich).(c) | Constellaria constellata-prominens 
Batostomia sp. Ulrich. 
Callopora dalei (Edwards and Dicranopora emacerata (Nichol- 

Haime). (c) son). 
Callopora nodulosa (Nicholson). Heterotrypa sp. 

“ . subplana Ulrich. Monticulipora mammiulata D’Or- 

Constellaria coustellata-plana bigny. 

Ulrich. Peronopora vera Ulrich. (c) 


29 


78 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


BRACHIOPODA. 


Dalmanella multisecta (James-Meek). 


PELECYPODA. 
Ctenodonta pectunculoides (Hall) Modiolopsis milleri Ulrich. 


GASTROPODA. 
Cyclonema gracile Ulrich. 


VERMES. 
Arabellites lunatus Hinde. Lumbriconereites dactylodus 
- quadratus Hinde. Hinde. 
Eunicites simplex Hinde. Scolithus tuberosus Miller and 
Dyer. 


POSITION UNCERTAIN. 
Discophycus typicale Walcott. 


Fairmount or Dekayia aspera Beds. 


This division of the Lorraine was early known as the Stone 
Quarries and later by Orton’s name, Hill Quarry beds. . The 
name Fairmount is proposed because all the hills in that part 
of the city known as Fairmount, lying north from Price Hill 
and south or southwest from Cumminsville and immediately 
west of Mill Creek, in which numerous quarries have been 
opened, show these strata and none higher. The highest 
strata in the hills surrounding Newport and Covington also 
belong to this division. These beds, whose thickness is 
about eighty feet, are characterized by regular aternations 
of evenly-bedded, bluish limestones from two to six inches 
thick, rarely more, and bluish or sometimes pale yellowish 
or brownish shales. The limestones form at least a third of 
the whole mass and are easily quarried out. The stone is 
mostly used for foundation work for residences, though it has 
also been very tastefully employed to form the walls of a 
number of church edifices and other buildings of a quasi- 
public character. The stone when burned forms a rather 
strong lime, which has a limited use locally. At one time the 
making of lime was quite an industry, but the purer grades 
of lime shipped in have almost displaced the home-made 
article. 


30 


The Geology of Cincinnati. 79 


With this division the Lorraine fauna is fairly inaugurated. 
The fauna is quite different from that in the Utica beds. 
Fossils cannot be said to be really abundant, that is, as com- 
pared with the upper Utica or the succeeding divisions of 
the Lorraine, but in variety the Fairmount beds excel all 
other divisions of the Cincinnati period, with the possible ex- 
ception of the lower Richmond. The fossils are usually well, 
and often beautifully preserved, and can ordinarily be had 
- free through the weathering of the shales between the lime- 
stones. The limestone layers usually show the fossils of 
which they are composed, and their upper and lower surfaces 
are often a mass of fossils, projecting more or less from the 
matrix. 

In addition to the forms which range through the Lorraine 
the following occur in the Fairmount beds: 


SPONGLA. 
Cylindroccelia covingtonensis Hindia spheeroidalis - gregaria 
Ulrich. Miller and Dyer. 


Dystactospongia insolens Miller. 


ECHINODERMATA. 

Anomalocrinus incurvus (Meek Ohiocrinus laxus (Hall). 

and Worthen). sf oehanus (Ulrich). 
Cyclocystoides bellulus Millerand  Palaaster clarkanus Miller. 

Dyer. s¢ dyeri Meek. 
Cystaster granulatus (Hall). oS granulosus Hall. 
Dendrocrinus cincinnatiensis ss jamesi (Dana). 

(Meek). oe shafferi Hall. 
Ectenocrinus grandis (Meek). Ptychocrinus parvus (Hall). 
Glyptocrinus decadactylus Hall. Streptaster vorticellatus (Hall). 
Hemicystites stellatus (Hall). Teeniaster granuliferus (Meek). 

BRYOZOA. 
Amplexopora cingulata Ulrich. Atactoporella multigranosa 
ais ?discoidea (Nichol- (Ulrich). 

son). Atactoporella mundula (Ulrich). 

Amplexopora septosa (Ulrich). 2 tenella (Ulrich). 
ae sp. Bythopora dendrina (James). 

Arthropora shafferi (Nicholson), as gracilis (Nicholson). 

variety. (c) 
Arthropora sp. Callopora dalei (Edwards and 
Atactopora hirsuta Ulrich. Haime). (c) 

maculata Ulrich. Callopora subplana Ulrich. 


fe) Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Callopora sp. 
Ceramoporella distincta Ulrich. 
2: granulosa Ulrich, 
variety. 
Ceramoporella ohioensis ( Nichol- 
SO), ac) 
Constellaria constellata Dana. (c) 
2 constellata-plana 
Ulrich. 
Crepipora impressa Ulrich. 
4 simulans Ulrich. 
Dekayia aspera Edwards and 
Haime. (c) 
Dekayia multispinosa Ulrich. 
Dicranopora emacerata (Nichol- 
son). 
Dicranopora internodia (Miller 
and Dyer). 
Discotrypa elegans (Ulrich). 
Escharopora falciformis (Nichol- 
son). 
Escharopora maculata Ulrich. 
aS pavonia (D’Orbigny). 
(c) 
Heterotrypa frondosa(D’Orbigny). 
(c) 


Heterotrypa solitaria Ulrich. 
aS subpulchella ( Nichol- 
son). 

Heterotrypa sp. 

Homotrypa curvata Ulrich. 

: flabellaris Ulrich. 
obliqua Uirich. (c) 
ih Sp. 

Homotrypella sp. 

Leptotrypa? irregularis (Ulrich). 

a ? semipilaris Ulrich. 

Monticulipora mammulata D’Or- 

bigny. 

Peronopora vera Ulrich. 

Petigopora gregaria Ulrich. 

ss petechialis (Nichol- 
son). 

Phylloporina clathrata (Miller 

and Dyer). 

Spatiopora aspera Ulrich. 
corticans (Nicholson). 
lineata Ulrich. 
maculosa Ulrich. 
tuberculata (Edwards 

and Haime). 

Stomatopora inflata (Hall). — 


BRACHIOPODA. 


Dalmanella bellula (James-Meek). 
‘s meeki (Miller). 
Lingula cincinnatiensis (Hall and 
Whitfield). 
Lingula modesta Ulrich. 
Orthorhynchula linneyi 
Nettleroth). 
Pholidops cincinnatiensis Hall. 
Platystrophia crassa (James - 
Meek). 
Plectorthis dichotoma (Hall). 
- ? ella (Hall). 
zequivalvis (Hall). 
- fissicosta (Hall). 
z plicatella (Hall). (c). 
? sectostriata (Ulrich) 
ce triplicatella (Meek). 


(James- 


Rafinesquina alternata - fracta 
(Meek). 
Rafinesquina alternata-loxorhytis 
(Meek). 
Rafinesquina squamula (James). 
Schizambon ? lockii Winchell and 
Schuchert. 
Schizocrania filosa Hall and Whit- 
field. 
Strophomena planoconvexa Hall. 
cs sinuata James-Meek. 
Trematis crassipunctata Ulrich: 
as dyeri Miller. 
a oblata Ulrich. 
Zygospira cincinnatiensis James- 
Meek. 
Zygospira concentrica Ulrich. 


32 


The Geology of Cincinnati. 81 


PELECYPODA. 


Allonychia ovata Ulrich. 
Anomalodonta plicata Ulrich. 
Byssonychia acutirostris Ulrich. 

f imbricata Ulrich. 

nf retrorsa (Miller). 
Ctenodonta pectunculoides (Hall). 
Cuneamya cordiformis Miller. 

if parva Miller. 
Cymatonota pholadis (Conrad). 

ne recta Ulrich. 
Eridonychia apicalis Ulrich. 

cA paucicostata Ulrich. 
Eurymya alata (Ulrich). 
Ischyrodonta unionoides (Meek). 
Lyrodesma grande Ulrich. 

es inornatum Ulrich. 
Modiolodon obtusus Ulrich. 

7; truncatus (Hall). 
Modiolopsis faba Emmons. 

a faberi Miller. 

= longa Miller and Faber. 

‘ milleri Ulrich. 

“ modiolaris (Conrad). 
sf parallela Ulrich. 
Opisthoptera ampla Ulrich. 


Opisthoptera notabilis Ulrich. 
Orthodesmia faberi Miller. 

s nasutum Conrad. 
Orthonotella faberi Miller. 
Physetomya acuminata Ulrich. 
Psiloconcha inornata Ulrich. 

s sinuata Ulrich. 
subovalis (Ulrich). 
Pterinea cincinuatiensis Miller 

and Faber. 
Pterinearugatula Miller and Faber. 
Pyanomya faberi Miller. 
< gibbosa Miller. 
Rhytimya ashmani Miller 
Faber. 
Rhytimya compressa Ulrich. 

Y oehana Ulrich. 

5 producta Ulrich. 

‘ scaphula Miller 

Faber. 
Sedgwickia? compressa Meek. 

s ? fragilis Meek. 
Technophorus faberi Miller. 

= punctostriatus Ul- 


ce 


and 


and 


rich, 


GASTROPODA. 


Bellerophon capax Ulrich. 
Bucanopsis carinifera Ulrich. 


Cyclonema mediale Ulrich. 
a pyramidatum James. 


Clathrospira conica Ulrich and <§ subleve Ulrich. 
Scofield. 4 transversum Ulrich. 
Conradella bellula Ulrich. Lophospira ampla Ulrich. 
Cyclonema inflatum Ulrich. Microceras minutissimum Ulrich. 
s limatum Ulrich. Seelya mundula Ulrich. 
CEPHALOPODA. 
Cyrtoceras conoidale Wetherby. Orthoceras meeki Miller. 
e vallandighami Miller. bs turbidum Hall and 
Orthoceras byrnesi Miller. Whitfield. 


“ 


cincinnatiense Miller. 


VERMES. 


Arabellites aciculatus James. 
eS hindei James. 
Cornulites flexuosus (Hall). 


33 


Cornulites minor Nicholson. 
Walcottia rugosa Miller and Dyer. 


82 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


CRUSTACEA. 
Acidaspis anchoralis Miller. Dalmanites carleyi Meek. 
Ctenobolbina? tumida Ulrich. Elpe cincinnatiensis (Meek). 


Dalmanites callicephalus Hall. 


POSITION UNCERTAIN. 


Heliophycus stelliforme Miller and Dyer. 
Trichophycus venosum Miller. 


Bellevue or Monticulipora molesta Beds. 


Overlying the quarry layers is a small series of beds, of 
rather shelly limestone, thinner than those below and harder, 
which the eye readily distinguishes as quite different from 
the layers below. In the bluff at the bend in Clifton Avenue, 
just under the old Bellevue House, a one-time landmark 
which has recently disappeared, these layers project out 
boldly near the top of the bluff, above the strata of the Fair- 
mount beds. The beds are almost a mass of bryozoa, and 
hence contain few other fossils. The JJonticulipora molesta 
which, if not restricted to these beds, at least here attains its 
maximum development in size and numbers, is one of the 
most characteristic of these bryozoa and has been chosen for 
the faunal designation. The thickness of these beds is abcut 
fifteen feet. 

Immediately above are about five feet considerably different 
lithologically and somewhat faunally, which we include in 
this division. These upper layers are largely composed of 
single valves and broken fragments of Rajinesquina alternata, 
variety, though entire specimens are not uncommon. The 
M. molesta occurs also in these layers, but has not been found 
in the next division. 

In addition to the forms ranging through the Lorraine, the 
following occur : 


BRYOZOA. 
Amplexopora filiosa (D’Orbigny). Atactoporella sp. 
wY robusta Ulrich. Bythopora gracilis (Nicholson). 
Atactoporella multigranosa (2). 
(Ulrich). _ Callopora ramosa (D’Orbigny). 
Atactoporella mundula (Ulrich). (c) 
ortoni (Nicholson). Ceramoporella granulosa Ulrich, 
tenella (Ulrich). variety. 


The Geology of Cincinnatt. 5 


Ceramoporella whitei (James). 
- sp. 

Dekayia sp. 

Heterotrypa sp. 

Homotrypa obliqua Ulrich. (c) 


Monticulipora molesta Nicholson. 


(c) 
Nicholsonella vaupeli Ulrich. 
Peronopora compressa (Ulrich). 


i>) 


Peronopora decipiens (Rom- 
inger). 
Petigopora asperula Ulrich. 
* gregaria Ulrich. 
petechialis Nicholson. 
Proboscina auloporoides ( Nichol- 
son). 
Proboscina frondosa (Nicholson). 
Stomatopora inflata (Hall). 


BRACHIOPODA. 
Platystrophia lynx (Eichwald), variety. 
Schizocrania filosa Hall and Whitfield. 


Corryville or Chiloporella nicholsoni Beds. 


In this division the limestones are thinner and less frequent 
than in the quarry beds and the shales more yellowish. Blue 
shale also occurs. Price Hill and the higher hills of the 
“Cincinnati island” (see azfe, p. 50) expose these beds. 
Formerly Corryville abounded in exposures, but has been so 
covered with residences that the underlying strata are now 
seldom seen. One of the most characteristic bryozoa, very 
abundant in these beds, if not restricted to them, is the 
Chiloporella nicholsont. At the present time Fairview Heights 
affords a number of exposures of these layers. Owing to 
these strata having been largely cut into in the course of the 
transformation of the hill tops into the residence portion of 
the city, their fauna has become well known. 

In addition to the species ranging through the Lorraine, 
the following occur: 

SPONGIE. 
Leptopoterion mammiferum Pattersonia difficilis Miller. 

Ulrich. m4 ulrichi Rauff. 

ECHINODERMATA. 
Anomalocrinus caponiformis Glyptocrinus dyeri Meek. 

(Lyon). A dyeri-sublevis Miller. 
Anomalocystites balanoides Meek. subglobosus Meek. 
Cyclocystoides cincinnatiensis Heterocrinus pentagonus Ulrich. 

Miller and Faber. Lepidodiscus holbrooki (James). 
Cyclocystoides nitidus Faber. x pileus (Hall). 
Dendrocrinus posticus (Hall). ss warrenensis (James). . 


ISS) 
(Sal 


84 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Lichenocrinus dyeri Hall. Palzeaster spinulosus Miller and 
Ohiocrinus compactus (Meek). Dyer. 
“ constrictus (Hall). Streptaster? vorticellatus (Hall). 


Palzeaster incomptus Meek. 
BRYOZOA. 


Amplexopora filiosa (D’Orbigny). Dekayia appressa Ulrich. 


Arthropora shafferi (Meek). a pelliculata Ulrich. 
Atactopora sp. Heterotrypa inflecta Ulrich. 
Berenicea primitiva Ulrich. Homotrypa obliqua Ulrich. (c) 
or Sp. Monticulipora cincinnatiensis 
Bythopora dendrina (James). (James). 
4 gracilis (Nicholson).(c) _ Peronopora compressa (Ulrich.) (c) 
Callopora andrewsi (Nicholson). “3 decipiens (Rominger). 
% ramosa (D’Orbigny).(c) Petigopora asperula Ulrich. 
4 rugosa (Edwards and vs gregaria Ulrich. 
Haime). (c) rs petechialis Nicholson. 
Callopora sp. Proboscina auloporoides (Nichol- 
Ceramoporella granulosa Ulrich, son). 
variety. Proboscina frondosa (Nicholson). 
Ceramoporella whitei (James). Spatiopora tuberculata (Edwards 
sp. and Haime). 
Chiloporella nicholsoni (James) Spatiopora sp. 
() Stomatopora inflata (Hall). 
BRACHIOPODA. 
Platystrophia sp. Schizocrania filosa Hall and Whit- 
Rafinesquina alternata - nasuta field. 
(Conrad). (c) Trematis umbonata Ulrich. 
PELECYPODA. 
Allonychia jamesi (Meek). Orthodesma mundum Miller and 
= subrotunda Ulrich. Faber. 
Byssonychia alveolata Ulrich. Orthodesma parvum Ulrich. 
op preecursor Ulrich. Psilonychia perangulata Ulrich. 
Cardiomorpha obliquata Meek. Pyrenomoeus decipiens Ulrich. 
Cuneamya elliptica Miller. Rhytimya convexa Ulrich. 
Modiolodon truncatus (Hall). 4 mickelboroughi (Whit- 
Modiolopsis faba Emmons. field). 
GASTROPODA. 
Bellerophon recurvus Ulrich. Cyclonema simulans Ulrich. 
Conradella elegans (Miller). Dyeria costata (James). 


Cyclonema humerosum Ulrich. 


36 


The Geology of Cincinnati. 85 


CEPHALOPODA. 


Gomphoceras cincinnatiense Orthoceras dyeri Miller. 
Miller. ss harperi Miller. 


Gomphoceras faberi Miller. 
VERMES. 


Walcottia cookana Miller and Dyer. 


CRUSTACEA. 
Ceratopsis oculifera (Hall). Elpe irregularis (Miller). 
Ceraurus milleranus Miller and  Lichas halli Foerste. 
Gurley. Placentula marginata Ulrich. 
Ctenobolbina duryi (Miller). Primitia centralis Ulrich. 
Elpe cincinnatiensis (Meek). Proetus parviusculus Hall. 


POSITION UNCERTAIN. 


Blastophycus diadematum Miller and Dyer. 
Bythotrephis ramulosa Miller. 
Licrophycus flabellum Miller and Dyer. 


Mt. Auburn or Platystrophia lynx Beds. 


These beds were selected by Prof. Orton to mark the divid- 
ing line between the Cincinnati beds proper and the Lebanon 
division, but their thickness is much greater than was proba- 
bly suspected. At Cincinnati but few localities have an alti- 
tude great enough to showthem. ‘The city water tanks on 
Price Hill rest on them; the higher parts of McMillan Street, 
on Clifton Heights, were cut through them. Over a con- 
siderable part of Mt. Auburn they formed the surface rock 
with numerous exposures before the growth of the city 
covered this beautiful hilltop with residences. The high - 
ridge extending from west of Price Hill north through West- 
wood shows these beds wherever cut into. They are finely 
exposed in Reservoir Creek, north of Lebanon, Ohio. ‘Their 
thickness is about twenty feet. The lower five to twelve feet 
contain an abundance of the large Orthid, Platystrophia lynx, 
known in common parlance as double-headed Dutchman; in 
the remainder this brachiopod is much less abundant, other- 
wise the fauna is much the same. The most characteristic 
bryozoa are the Celoclema oweni and a fine species of Homo- 
trypa as yet undescribed. The beds are mainly blue shale, 
though sometimes yellowish in exposure, with some rather 


a7. 


86 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


irregularly bedded limestone. The following fossils occur in 
addition to those listed on pages 75 and 76. The fauna is 
mainly bryozoan. ‘These beds have not received much at- 
tention at the hands of collectors, which may explain the 
brevity of the following list: 


BRYOZOA, 
Amplexopora sp. (c) Dicranopora emacerata (Nichol- 
Arthropora shafferi (Meek). son). 
Atactoporella sp. Eridotrypa sp. 
Berenicea sp. Heterotrypa sp. 
Bythopora gracilis (Nicholson). Homotrypasp. (c). 

(c) Peronopora compressa (Ulrich). 
Callopora sp. ~ decipiens (Rominger). 
Cerainoporella whitei (James). Petigopora petechialis (Romin- 
Cceloclema oweni (James). (c) ger). 

Crepipora simulans Ulrich. Proboscina frondosa (Nicholson). 
Dekayia sp. Stomatopora inflata Hall. 
BRACHIOPODA. 


Platystrophia lynx (Eichwald). (c) 


Warren or Homotrypa bassleri Beds. 


The Mt. Auburn beds pass with little distinction into the 
next series of beds. For these the name Warren beds is pro- 
posed, because they are exposed in a number of streams in 
the vicinity of Lebanon, Oregonia, and other places in War- 
ren County. The most characteristic bryozoan is perhaps 
the Homotrypa bassleri.* These strata were included by Orton 
in the Lebanon beds, but their fauna shows them to be much 
more nearly related to the Lorraine beds beneath than to the 
Richmond above. ‘Toward the top of this division the layers, 
both limestone and shale, especially the latter, become rough 
and nodular, indicating a marked change in the sedimenta- 
tion. For this reason these layers are considered to mark 
the close of the Lorraine. Immediately after them come the 
even-bedded limestones and marly shales of the lower Rich- 
mond. Limestone is not very abundant in the beds under 
consideration, whose thickness is about eighty feet. The 
intercalated shales are of a dark bluish color, rather marly. 


* For description of this species see this journal, Vol. XX., Article IV. 


38 


The Geology of Cincinnatt, 87 


Fossils do not appear to be nearly as abundant as in beds 
underlying or overlying. But these beds have received little 
attention from collectors. Careful collecting may show a 
large and varied, as well as characteristic fauna.* About 
thirty-five feet below the top of these beds occurs the stratum 
of the noted Dinorthis retrorsa (Salter), of very limited extent 
vertically, but very persistent horizontally. This Orthid is 
abundant in this stratum, but seems to be restricted to it. 

The following species are considered to occur in the War- 
ren beds in addition to those given as ranging through the 
Lorraine: 


BRYOZOA. 
Amplexopora sp. Homotrypa bassleri Nickles. (c) 
Batostoma varians (James). (c) Leptotrypa? dychei (James). 
Berenicea sp. Lioclemella sp. 
Callopora sp. Mesotrypa sp. 
Ceramoporella granulosa Ulrich, Nicholsonella sp. 
variety. Peronopora compressa (Ulrich). 

Ceramoporella whitei (James). ay decipiens (Rominger). 

‘ sp. Proboscina frondosa (Nicholson). 
Cceloclema sp. Rhopalonaria venosa Ulrich. 
Heterotrypa sp. 

BRACHIOPODA. 


Dinorthis retrorsa (Salter). 


PELECYPODA. 
Anomalodonta alata Meek. Cymatonota cylindrica (Miller and 
Ctenodonta madisonensis Ulrich. Faber). 
Cymatonota constricta Ulrich. - Modiolodon subovalis Ulrich. 


*[t is quite probable that a few of the forms, which in this paper are listed as 
belonging to the lower Richmond, will prove to belong to the Warren beds. The 
recognition of the fact that the Cincinnati period consists of the three well-marked 
groups, Utica, Lorraine, and Richmond, is comparatively recent. And still more 
recently has it been seen that in each are well-marked divisions, easily recognized 
when once the faunal and lithological differences are known. A very large number 
of the fossils described from the Cincinnati period are rare forms; some are unique, 
but a single specimen being known. So long asthe idea prevailed that the Cincinnati 
group, as it was then called, was homogeneous and indivisible, collectors were indif- 
ferent as to the exact horizon of their finds. Hence, when those who described fos- 
sils. give simply Cincinnati, Ohio, as the locality, it is often a matter of conjecture 
from just which particular division the fossil came. For this reason the lists given 
in this paper must be considered largely provisional. I have to acknowledge grate- 
fully the very great help I have received in placing the fossils in their various beds 
from my friends, Messrs. E. O. Ulrich and R. S. Bassler, whose full and accurate 
knowledge of the Cincinnati fossils and their horizons has been freely at my service. 


39 


88 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


GASTROPODA. 


Cyclonema bilix-fluctuatum James. 
Cyclora pulcella Miller. 


CEPHALOPODA. 


Orthoceras mohri Miller. 


VERMES. 


Polygnathus wilsoni James. Prioniodus dychei James. 


CRUSTACEA. 


Aparchites oblongus Ulrich. Primitia cincinnatiensis (Miller). 
Ctenobolbina ciliata - hammelli (c) 
(Miller and Faber). 
POSITION UNCERTAIN. 


Dystactophycus mamillanum Miller and Dyer. 


The Richmond Group. 


The Richmond embraces the uppermost beds of the Cin- 
cinnati period. In Ohio and Indiana they form an irregular 
belt, surrounding Cincinnati at a distance of from thirty to 
fifty miles. The localities in these States most noted for 
their fossils are Lebanon (not in the immediate vicinity, how- 
ever), Freeport or Oregonia, Waynesville, Clarksville, Mor- 
row, Westboro, Blanchester, Camden, and Oxford in Ohio; 
Richmond, Weisburg, Versailles, and Madison in Indiana. 

The rocks are even-bedded limestones, usually dove-colored 
or grayish rather than bluish, from two to ten or more inches 
in thickness, with regular shale alternations, the limestone 
forming from one-fourth to one-half the whole mass. 

The Richmond has received but little careful, detailed 
study, not enough to establish the boundaries or lithological 
characters of the divisions. The indications are that there 
are three well marked divisions, which for the present are 
designated as lower, middle, and upper Richmond. The 
lower Richmond seems to be strongly developed on the 
eastern side of the Cincinnati uplift, where the middle is 
feebly developed and the upper probably not at all. The 
middle division is finely shown at Richmond, Indiana, and at 
other points on the western side of the uplift. On this same 


40 


The Geology of Cincinnatt. 89 


side the upper is feebly developed toward the north, but 
becomes stronger toward the south, and probably has its 
strongest development in Kentucky. The Cumberland sand- 
stone of Kentucky probably belongs to this division. The 
Richmond beds of Tennessee,* and those formed in the 
western and northwestern parts of the ancient interior sea, 
now exposed at Wilmington and Sterling, Illinois, and Spring 
Valley, Minnesota, perhaps also those shown at Delafield and 
Iron Ridge, Wisconsin, all of which have been referred to 
the Cincinnati period, may represent a phase later than any 
of the Richmond of Ohio and Indiana. 

The Richmond group has a very extensive and varied 
fauna, and, as a whole, very different from the underlying 
Lorraine. Corals are unknown in the Lorraine, the Rich- 
mond has a considerable number. The bryozoan fauna of 
both lower and middle Richmond is very extensive; many 
new species of bryozoa have been. discovered which await 
description. 

The following list contains the species which, so far as 
present knowledge goes, range through the Richmond. 


CGLENTERATA. 
Labechia? papillata (James). (c) 
Protarea vetusta (Hall), variety. (c) 
Streptelasma rusticum Billings. (c) 


ECHINODERMATA. 


Iocrinus subcrassus Meek and Worthen, varieties. 


BRYOZOA. 


Berenicea sp. 

Ceramoporella granulosa Ulrich, 
variety. 

Ceramoporella ohioensis (Nichol- 
son). (c) 

Constellaria polystomella Nichol- 
son. 

Fenestella granulosa Whitfield. 

Homotrypa flabellaris Ulrich. (c) 

Homotrypella sp. 


Monotrypella quadrata (Romin- 
Sew\y wee 

Monotrypella subquadrata Ulrich. 

Peronopora decipiens(Rominger). 
(c) : 


Prasopora hospitalis (Nicholson). 


_ Stomatopora arachnoidea (Hall). 


(c) 
Stomatopora delicatula (James). 
s inflata (Hall). 


* For many of the factsin this paragraph I am indebted to Mr. E. O. Ulrich, whose 
field investigations, particularly in Tennessee, promise to throw a great deal of light 
upon the Richmond and other Ordivician formations. 


go Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


BRACHIOPODA. 


Crania lezlia Hall. 
“<- scabiosa Hall, (ce) 
Hebertella occidentalis Hall. 
a sinuata Hall. 
Platystrophia laticostata (James- 
Meek), varieties. 


Rafinesquina alternata .Conrad - 
Emmons. (c) 

Rhynchotrema capax (Conrad).(c) 

Trematis millepunctata Hall. 

Zygospira modesta Say-Hall. 


PELECYPODA. 


Byssonychia radiata (Hall). (c) 


Ctenodonta obliqua (Hall). 


Ctenodonta recurva Ulrich. 
Pterinea demissa Conrad. (c) 


~ GASTROPODA. 


Coleolus iowensis James. 
Conularia formosa Millerand Dyer. 
Cyclonema bilix (Conrad). 
ws bilix-fluctuatum James. 
Cyclora depressa Ulrich. 
3 hoffinanni Miller. 
a minuta Hall. (c) 


Cyclora parvula (Hall). 
Hyolithes parviusculus Hall. 
Lophospira bowdeni Safford. (c) 
4 tropidophora (Meek): 
Microceras inornatum Hall. (c) 
Protowarthia cancellata (Hall). (c) 
Schizolopha moorei Ulrich. 


CEPHALOPODA. 


Cameroceras sp. (proteiforme Hall ?). 


VERMES. 


Cornulites sterlingensis (Meek and Worthen). 
Nereidavus varians Grinnell. 


CRUSTACEA. 


Aparchites minutissimus (Hall). 
Asaphus gigas DeKay. 

as maximus Locke. 
Bollia persuleata Ulrich. (c) 


Bythocypris cylindrica (Hall). 
Calymmene callicephala Green. 
(c) 


Ulrichia nodosa (Ulrich). (c) 


POSITION UNCERTAIN. 


Arthraria biclavata Miller. 
Bythotrephis gracilis Hall. 
a gracilis-crassa Hall. 


Pasceolus globosus Billings. 
Rusophycus bilobatum Vanuxem. 


Lower Richmond Fauna. 
In addition to the species in the foregoing list, the follow- 
ing occur in the lower Richmond: 


SPONGLA. 


Brachiospongiatuberculata Jamies. 
Dystactospongia minima Ulrich. 


Hindia spheeroidalis-parva Ulrich. 


42 


The Geology of Cincinnati. gI 


CGALENTERATA. 


Calopeecia cribriformis Nicholson. 
Columuaria alyeolata Goldfuss. 
5: halli Nicholson. 


Labechia ohioensis (Nicholson). 
Megalograptus welchi Miller. 


ECHINODERMATA. 


Compsocrinus harrisi (Miller). 
a miamiensis (Miller). 
Cyclocystoides magnus Miller and 
Dyer. 
Cyclocystoides minus Miller and 
Dyer. 
Cyclocystoides mundulus Miller 
and Dyer. 
Cyclocystoides parvus Miller and 
Dyer. 
Dendrocrinus caduceus (Hall). 
ie casei Meek. 
erraticus Miller. 
Gaurocrinus cognatus (Miller). 
ss magnificus Miller. 
ce nealli (Hall). 
Glyptocrinus? fornshelli Miller. 
5 richardsoni Wetherby. 
Heterocrinus juvenis Hall. 
Lichenocrinus affinis Miller. 
Ohiocrinus oehanus (Ulrich). 


ve 


Palezaster exculptus Miller. 
oe harrisi Miller. 

longibrachiatus Miller. 
magnificus Miller. 
miamiensis Miller. 
simplex Miller. 
Paleeasterina approximata Miller 

and Dyer. 
Palzeasterina speciosa Miller and 

Dyer. 
Rhaphanocrinus sculptus( Miller). 
Streptaster? septembrachiatus 

(Miller and Dyer). 
Tanaocrinus typus Wachsmuth 

and Springer. 
Teeniaster elegans Miller. 

es miamiensis (Miller). 
Urasterella grandis (Meek). 
Xenocrinus baeri (Meek). 
a penicillus Miller. 


BRYOZOA. 


Amplexopora pustulosa Ulrich. 
Arthropora shafferi (Meek), va- 
riety. 
Atactopora sp. 
Atactoporella schucherti Ulrich. 
Batostoma varians (James). (c) 
Berenicea primitiva Ulrich. 
Bythopora delicatula (Jaines). (c) 
a meeki (James). (c)_ 
Callopora subnodosa Ulrich. 
“ sp. 
Calloporella circularis (James). 
Ceramoporella granulosa. Ulrich, 
variety. 
Ceramoporella ohioensis (Nichol- 
son). 
Ceramoporella whitei (James). 


“cc sp. 


Constellaria limitaris Ulrich. 
Eridotrypa simulatrix Ulrich. 
Graptodictya perelegans (Ulrich). 
Helopora elegans, Ulrich. 

e harrisi James. 
Heterotrypa subramosa (Ulrich). 
Heterotrypa subramosa - prolifica 

Ulrich. 
Homotrypa dawsoni (Nicholson). 
. wortheni (James). (c) 
a several undescribed 
species. 
Homotrypella sp. 
Lioclemella subfusiformis (James) 
Monticulipora sp. 
Nicholsonella sp. 
Pachydictya fenestelliformis 
(Nicholson). 


g2 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Paleschara beani (James). 
Proboscina frondosa (Nicholson). 
Ptilodictya flagellum Nicholson. 
& nodosa James. 
Rhinidictya lata (Ulrich). 
Rhopalonaria venosa Ulrich. 


Spatiopora corticans (Nicholson). 
sf montifera Ulrich. 
s tuberculata (Edwards 
and Haime). 
Spatiopora sp. 


BRACHIOPODA. 


Catazyga headi (Billings). 
Dalmanella jugosa James. 
Dinorthis scovillei (Miller). 
Hebertella insculpta Hall. 
Lingula vanhorni Miller. 
Platystrophia cypha (James). 
Rafinesquina alternata - alternis- 
triata (Hall). 


Rhynchotrema capax - perlamello- 
sum (Whitfield). 
Strophomena neglecta James. 
~ nutans Meek. 
& subtenta Conrad. 
sulcata (Verneuil). 
vetusta (James). 
Trematis quincuncialis Miller and 
Dyer. 


PELECYPODA. 


Anomalodonta alata Meek. 
: costata James. 
we gigantea Miller. 
Byssonychia cultrata Ulrich. 
“ grandis Ulrich. 
Corallidomus concentricus Whit- 
field. 
Ctenodonta albertina Ulrich. 
i iphigenia Billings. 
= similis Ulrich. 
Cuneamya curta Whitfield. 
= miamiensis Hall and 
Whitfield. — 
Cuneaniya neglecta Meek. 
ie scapha Hall and Whit- 
field. 
Cymatonota attenuata Ulrich. 
- semistriata Ulrich. 
typicalis Ulrich. 
Eridonychia crenata Ulrich. 
Lyrodesina major (Ulrich). 
Modiolopsis concentrica Hall and 
Whitfield. 
Modiolopsis pholadiforinis Hall. 
ee versaillesensis Miller. 
Opisthoptera alternata Ulrich. 


Opisthoptera extenuata Ulrich. 
ss fissicosta Meek. 
+: laticostata Ulrich. 
Orthodesma contractum (Hall). 
A curvatum Hall and 
Whitfield. 
Orthodesma cymbula Miller and 
Faber. 
Orthodesma rectum Hall and 
Whitfield. 
Orthodontiscus milleri (Meek ). 
Psiloconcha elliptica Ulrich. 
i grandis Ulrich. 
= subrecta Ulrich. 
Pterinea corrugata (James). 
4 subquadrata James. 
es welchi James. . 
Sedgwickia? divaricata Hall and 
Whitfield. 
Sedgwickia? lunulata Whitfield. 
Whitella carinata (Meek). 
cs obliquata Ulrich. 
of ohioensis Ulrich. 
“ quadrangularis (Whitfield). 
e subovata Ulrich. 
os umbounata Ulrich. 


44 


The Geology of Cincinnati. 93 


GASTROPODA. 
Archinacella rugatina Ulrich. Plethospira striata Ulrich. 
Conradella dyeri (Hall), Protowarthia morrowensis ( Miller 
Cyclonema bilix-conicum Miller. and Dyer). 
Cyrtolites ornatus Conrad. Protowarthia subcompressa Ulrich. 
Helcionopsis striata Ulrich. Trochonema madisonense Ulrich. 


Lophospira perlamellosa Ulrich. 


CEPHALOPODA. 
Cyrtoceras faberi James. Orthoceras fosteri Miller. 
ss irregulare Wetherby. ee hallanum Miller. 

Gomphoceras indianense Miller Trocholites circularis Miller and 

and Faber. Dyer. 
Orthoceras carleyi Hall and Whit- 

field. 

VERMES. 
Spirorbis cincinnatiensis Miller and Dyer. 
CRUSTACEA. 

Acidaspis onealli Miller. Lichas harrisi Miller. 
Beyrichia parallela Ulrich. Primitia glabra Ulrich. 

Bollia pumila Ulrich. cP milleri Ulrich. 
“regularis (Emmons). Tetradella lunatifera Ulrich. - 
Ceratopsis chambersi - robusta : quadrilirata Hall and 

Ulrich. Whitfield. 
Ceraurus meekanus Miller. Tetradella quadrilirata - simplex 
Dalmanites breviceps Hall. Ulrich. 


Drepanella richardsoni (Miller). ° 


POSITION UNCERTAIN. 
Faberia anomala Miller. 


Trichophycus lanosum Miller and Dyer. 


Middle Richmond Fauna. 


In addition to the species previously given as ranging 
through the Richmond, the following occur in these beds: 


SPONGIA. 
Streptospongia labyrinthica Ulrich. 


CQ@LENTERATA. 


Streptelasma divaricans (Nicholson). 
Tetradium minus Safford, variety. 


45 


94 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


ECHINODERMATA 


Dendrocrinus polydactylus (Shu- 
mard). 
Lepadocrinus moorei (Meek). 


Lepidodiscus faberi (Miller). 


Lichenocrinus tuberculatus Miller. 


BRYOZOA. 


Batostoma sp. 
Crepipora sp. 
Heterotrypa affinis Ulrich. 
Homotrypa wortheni (James). 
s several undescribed 
species. 
Homotrypella sp. 
" Leptotrypa stidhami Ulrich. 
Lioclemella annulifera( Whitfield). 


Mesotrypa patella (Ulrich). 

Monticulipora levis Ulrich. 
laevis - consimilis 

Ulrich. 

Monticulipora parasitica Ulrich. 
2 sp. 

Ptilodictya magnifica Miller. 

plumaria James. 


BRACHIOPODA. 


Dinorthis subquadrata Hall. 


Leptzena rhomboidalis (Wilckens). 


Platystrophia acutilirata 
rad). (c) 


(Con- 


Rhynchotrema dentatum (Hall). 
(c) 


Strophomena rugosa Blainville. 


PELECYPODA. 


Anoptera miseneri Ulrich. 
Byssonychia obesa Ulrich. 
richmondensis Ulrich. 
robusta (Miller). 
subrecta Ulrich. 
tenuistriata Ulrich. 
Clionychia excavata Ulrich. 
Ctenodonta hilli (Miller). 
Cyrtodonta cuneata (Miller). 
* halli Nettleroth. 

Ischyrodonta decipiens Ulrich. 

" elongata Ulrich. 


vc 


Ischyrodonta miseneri Ulrich. 
modioliformis Ulrich. 
7 ovalis Ulrich. 
truncata Ulrich. 
Opisthoptera obliqua Ulrich. 
Orthodesma subangulatum Ulrich. 
Modiolodon declivis Ulrich. 

Y subrectus Ulrich. 
Rhytimya byrnesi (Miller). 
Sphenolium cuneiforme (Miller). 

richmondense Miller. 


ac 


GASTROPODA. 


Archinacella indianensis (Miller). 

= richmondensis Ulrich. 
Bellerophon mohri Miller. 

ey subangularis Ulrich. 
Bucania crassa Ulrich. 

‘s gorbyi (Miller). 
simulatrix Ulrich. 

Helicotoma marginata Ulrich. 


Lophospira acuminata Ulrich. 
ampla Ulrich. 
Oxydiscus magnus (Miller). 
Raphistoma richmondense Ulrich. 
Salpingostoma richmondense 
Ulrich. 
Tentaculites richmondensis Miller 


The Geology of Cincinnati. 5 95 


CEPHALOPODA. 
Cyrtoceras amcenum Miller, Gyroceras baeri (Meek and~ 
7 lysander Billings. Worthen). 
Gomphoceras eos Hall and Whit- 


~ field. 
POSITION UNCERTAIN. 


Solenopora compacta (Billings). 
Strephochetus richmondensis Miller. 


Upper Richmond Fauna. 


Almost nothing is known as yet of these beds, their thick- 
ness, distribution, and fossil contents. The list here given 
is, therefore, probably, very incomplete. Some of the forms 
given in the list of those ranging through the Richmond 
occur in these beds, but perhaps not all given in that list. 
Some of those in the following list may belong to lower beds: 


SPONGILA. 
Heterospongia aspera Ulrich. Heterospongia subramosa Ulrich. 
. knotti Ulrich. 
CQ@LENTERATA. 
Beatricea nodulosa Billings. Labechia montifera Ulrich. 
Le undulata Billings. é ohioensis Nicholson. 


Columinaria alveolata Goldfuss. 


BRACHIOPODA. 


Zygospira kentuckyensis James. 


PELECYPODA. 


Ctenodonta cingulata (Ulrich). 
Opisthoptera casei (Meek and Worthen). 


GASTROPODA. 
Lophospira ampla Ulrich. 


CEPHALOPODA. 


Cyrtocerina madisonensis Miller. 


CRUSTACEA. 

Entomis madisonensis Ulrich. Jonesella digitata Ulrich. 
Eurychilina striatomarginata Leperditia ceecigena Miller. 
(Miller). Primitia medialis Ulrich. 
Isochilina subnodosa Ulrich, 

variety. 


96 ’ Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


3. LIST OF LOCALITIES. 


For the convenience of students and collectors a list is here 
given of exposures in the city of Cincinnati, and immediate 
vicinity, where the various beds may be studied and their 
fossils collected. The list is not exhaustive. Other expos- 
ures of greater or less extent may be found. Grading and 
other improvements are continually affording new exposures, 
but from becoming overgrown and other causes, dumps, and 
even cuts are in a few years spoiled for geological purposes. 
All the strata have been exposed at one time or another, but 
not all are now exposed. The list given must be regarded, 
at best, as but temporary. On the map (Plate I), the location 
of these exposures has been indicated, the abbreviations be- 
ing placed as nearly as possible upon the exact locations. 
The map is a partial reproduction of a part of the Cincin- 
nati sheet of the Topographic Map of the U. S. Geological 
Survey. 


TRENTON PERIOD. 


The principal exposures are on the south bank of the Ohio 
from West Covington to Ludlow; at the mouth of the Lick- 
ing River (Covington side); two outcrops on the west bank 
of the Licking River in Covington; several small streams 
flowing into the Licking south of Newport and Covington, 
cut into the Trenton as well as afford exposures of the lower 
Utica strata; débris from Trenton strata has been thrown 
out in excavating the new water-works tunnels; the south 
bank of the Ohio River in the vicinity of Fort Thomas shows 
the Trenton outcropping; several quarries, now abandoned, 
on the road between New Richmond and Point Pleasant, in 
Clermont County, Ohio, have been opened in Trenton strata. 


CINCINNATI PERIOD. 
UTICA GROUP. 


Lower Utica.—The lowest strata of the Utica may bé found 
in the north bank of the Ohio in the First Ward (Fulton), 
and in the south bank of the Ohio overlying the Trenton 


48 


The Geology of Cincinnatt. 97 


between West Covington and Ludlow, but the exposures are © 
seldom satisfactory; the same strata may be seen overlying 
the Trenton in the Ohio River bank near Fort Thomas. 
Strata somewhat higher have been cut into along the line of 
the Ludlow cars in West Covington, where the car line 
leaves the river bank; also in a grading two or three blocks 
south from the old “ Post & Co. factory,” on the south bank 
of the Ohio, near Ludlow. The strata overlying these may 
be seen in a creek south of Lexington Pike, shortly after 
leaving Covington, near the ‘‘elbow;” probably, also, in 
other streams, but the fossils can seldom be had without 
“digging” for them. Many of the more delicate forms can 
be obtained in no other way. 


Middle Utica.—The middle and upper Utica are exposed 
along the line of the Elberon Avenue cars in Sedamsville ; 
in Fairmount, on Shadwell Street, one block south of West- 
wood Avenue; in West Fork and its branches, west of Cum- 
minsville; in Economy or West Covington, a block or two 
distant from the line of the Ludlow cars; at Cote Brilliante, 
in the southeastern part of Newport, Kentucky; at two or 
three points along the line of the Monmouth cars south of 
Newport; and at several points along the line of the Fort 
Thomas cars. 


Upper Utica.—Abuts on Clifton Avenue, under the Klm- 
Street Incline Plane; across the valley, north from Dixmyth 
Avenue, in West Clifton, is a good exposure; occasional ex- 
posures also occur at other points in Clifton; West Fork 
and some of its branches, west of Cumminsville, expose the 
upper Utica; also the hillsides south of Newport and Cov- 
ington show these strata at several places. 


LORRAINE GROUP. 


Mt. Hope Beds.—The best exposures known to the writer 
are near Mt. Hope Road, on the southeastern slope of Price 
Hill, and on Mitchell Avenue, in Avondale, near Rose Hill 
Park. They may also be seen on Clifton Avenue, near the 
Elm- Street Incline Plane, and in the quarry on the hill 
nearest the Licking, immediately south of Newport. 


49 


98 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Fairmount Beds.—These are the beds usually opened in 
quarries. The fossils are generally obtained by hunting over 
the “‘dumps.”’ Quarries are found on Price Hill near Elberon 
Avenue, and near Mt. Hope Road; in Fairmount; in North 
Fairmount; on Robert Avenue, Westwood; on the north 
side of Fairview hill; on Clifton Avenue opposite Burnet 
Woods Park; on Madison Avenue, Walnut Hills; on the 
east side of Reading Road or Hunt Street, south of McMillan 
Street; on the hillsides south of Newport and Covington; 
near St. Johns Park; on the hillside east of Madisonville. 

Bellevue Beds.—These strata may be seen projecting near 
the top of the hill at the Fairview Incline Plane; near the 
top of the bluff on Clifton Avenue, just north of the bend, 
not far from the Elm-Street Incline Plane; on Clifton 
Avenue opposite Burnet Woods Park; and on Francisco 
Street in Walnut Hills. 

Corryville Beds.—Small exposures are found at several 
places on Price Hill; a number of exposures may be seen on 
Fairview Heights, within two or three blocks of the Fairview 
Incline Plane; also on the north side of McMillan Street, 
east of Fairview Avenue; and on McMillan Street east of 
Reading Road. 

Mt. Auburn Beds.—The street just east of the Water Tanks 
on Price Hill (Grand Avenue) has been cut through these 
beds; they are also exposed at and near the corner of Cal- 
houn Street and Clifton Avenue. 

Warren Beds.—These beds are not exposed at or near 
Cincinnati. Streams in the vicinity of Lebanon and Ore- 
gonia, Ohio, afford typical exposures. 


4. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL PAPERS RELATING 
TO THE GEOLOGY OF CINCINNATI. 


1838.—Locke, John. Geological Report. (Second Ann. Report, 
Geol. Sur. Staté of Ohio, Columbus, 1838, pp. 201-274, especially pp. 
205-211.) 

1873.— Newberry, J. S. Structure and Age of the Cincinnati Anti- 
clinal. (Rep. Geol. Sur. ‘Ohio, I, 1873, pp. 93-103.) The Cincinnati 
Group. (Ibid., pp. 116-126.) 


50 


The Geology of Cincinnati. 99 


1873.-— Orton, Edward. Geology of the Cincinnati Group. (Rep. 
Geol. Sur. Ohio, I, 1873, pp. 365-418.) The Geology of Hamilton 
County. (Ibid., pp. 419-434.) 

1879. —Miller, S. A. Report of Committee on Geological Nomen- 
clature. (Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. His., I, 1879, pp. 193-194.) 

1879.— James, U. P. Geological Nomenclature. The Cincinnati 
Group —The “Hudson River Group.’ (The Paleontologist, No. 4, 
July to, 1879, pp. 27, 28.) [Objects to the report of the Cincinnati Soc. 
Nat. Hist. Committee on Geological Nomenclature.] 

1882. —Linney, W. M. Notes on the Rocks of Central Kentucky. 
(Geological Survey of Kentucky, J. R. Proctor, Director, 1882, pp. I-19.) 

1886.— James, Joseph F. The Geology of Cincinnati. (Jour. Cin- 
cinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., [X, 1886, pp. 20-31, 136-141.) 

1887.— James, Joseph F. Account of a well drilled for oil or gas at 
Oxford, Ohio, May and June, 1887. (Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., 
X, 1887, pp. 70-77.) 

1888.—Jamies, Joseph F. An ancient channel of the Ohio River at 
Cincinnati. (Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, pp. 96-101.) 

1888.— James, Joseph F. The Ivorydale well in Mill Creek valley. 
(Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, 1888, pp. 102-104.) 

1888.— Orton, Edward. The Geology of Ohio. (Rep. Geol. Sur. 
Ohio, VI, 1888, pp. 4-10.) 

1888.— Ulrich, E.O. A Correlation of the Lower Silurian Horizons 
of Tennessee and of the Ohio and Mississippi valleys with those of 
New York and Canada. (American Geologist, I, 1888, pp. 100-110, 
179-190, 305-315; II, 1888, pp. 39-44.) 

1889.— James, Joseph F. Remarks upon Sedimentation in the Cin- 
cinnati Group. (Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XII, 1889, pp. 34-36.) 

1889.— Orton, Edward. The Trenton Limestone as a source of 
Petroleum and Inflammable Gas in Ohio and Indiana. (Eighth Ann. 
Rep. U. S. Geol. Sur., 1889, Part II, pp. 475-662, especially pp. 546-7, 
556-8, 573-580. ) 

1889.— Perry, Nelson W. The Cincinnati Rocks; what has been 
their physical history. (American Geologist, IV, 1889, pp. 326-336.) 

1890.— Orton, Edward. Geological Scale and Geological Structure 
of Ohio, (First Ann. Rep. Geol. Sur. Ohio. Third Organization. 
Columbus, 1890, pp. 10-16.) 

1891.— Foerste, Aug. F. The Age of the Cincinnati Anticlinal. 
(American Geologist, VII, 1891, pp. 97-109.) 

1891.— James, Joseph F., On the Age of the Pt. Pleasant, Ohio, 
Beds. (Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., XIV, 1891, pp. 93-104.) 

1895.— Orton, Edward. Geological Scale and Geological Structure 
of Ohio. (Rep. Geol. Sur. Ohio, VII, 1893 [1895], pp. 4-9.) 


51 


100 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


1898.— Fowke, Gerard. Pre-glacial Drainage in the Vicinity of 
Cincinnati; its relation to the origin of the modern Ohio River, and 
its bearing upon the question of the southern limits of the ice-sheet. 
(Bull. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ., XI, 1898, pp. I-10.) 

1900.— Fowke, Gerard. Pre-glacial Drainage Conditions in the 
Vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio. (Ohio State Academy of Science, Special 
Papers, No. 3, 1900, pp. 68-75.) 

1901.—Cumings, Edgar R. A Section of the Upper Ordovician at 
Vevay, Indiana. (American Geologist, XXVIII, 1go1, pp. 361-381, pls. 
XXXIV, XXXv.) 


1898.— United States Geological Survey. Topographic Map. East 
and West Cincinnati Quadrangles. Surveyed in 1898. Contour 
interval, 20 feet. 


CATALOGUES OF CINCINNATI FOSSILS. 


1871.— James, U. P. Catalogue of the Lower Silurian Fossils, Cin- 
cinnati Group, found at Cincinnati and vicinity — within a rangé of 
forty or fifty miles. Cincinnati, 1871. I4pp. Second Edition, April, 
1875. 8pp. Supplement, July 10, 1879, in Paleontologist, No. 4, 1879, 
Pp. 29-32. 

1873.— Orton, Edward. Catalogue of the Described Fossils of the 
Cincinnati Group as shown in southwestern Ohio. (Rep. Geol. Sur. 
Ohio, I, 1873, pp. 400-411.) 

1878.— Mickleborough, John, and Wetherby, A.G. A Classified List 
of Lower Silurian Fossils, Cincinnati Group. (Jour Cincinnati Soc. 
Nat. Hist., I, 1878, pp. 61-86.) 

1879.— Miller, S. A. Catalogue of Fossils found in the Hudson 
River, Utica Slate, and Trenton Groups, as exposed in the southeast 
part of Indiana, southwest part of Ohio, and northern part of Ken- 
tucky. (Eighth-Ninth-Tenth Ann. Reports [one volume] Geol. Sur. 
Indiana, 1879, pp. 22-56.) 

1880.— Ulrich, E.O. Catalogue of Fossils occurring in the Cincin- 
nati Group of Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. Cincinnati, 1850. 31Ipp. 

1881.— James, Joseph F. Catalogue of the Fossils of the Cincin- 
nati Group. Cincinnati, 1881. 27pp. 

1896.— Harper, G. W., and Bassler, R. S. Catalogue of the Fossils 
of the Trenton and Cincinnati Periods, occurring in the vicinity of 
Cincinnati, Ohio. Cincinnati, 1896. 34pp. 


52 


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i 


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Von. XX, No.2. ARv. 3. ole journal of the Cit 


aw ( Ry ) ; ae Naat ‘\ oe > 

WN ee ee 
C es: 

Se \ & 


| ig 
aN of 
aa oT Om 


Ups atte La= Warren Beds 
Gras Mt diel Ges bewimonisen 4 
Ul = Lower Lin= Corryville n° : 
Lo= Bellevue a Lorraine 
Teel eaten ae pan 3 Contour Interval -- 100 Feet 
Datum::- Sea Leyel. 
0 % 1 Scale. 5 3 Miles 


2 VI, / Fo ava es o 6 


EXPOSURES 


SW Wedel. 


doc. Ratural History. 


ty 


rm Mens need liad nl Mie oy a ACESS 
jay 4 : apes eT QP Tt, 
: Ty y | oa 


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A New Bryozoan, Homotrypa Basslert. 103, 


ARTICLE IV.—DESCRIPTION OF A NEW BRYO- 
ZOAN, “HOMOTRYPA BASSLERI” n. sp., FROM 
THE WARREN BEDS OF THE LORRAINE GROUP. 


By JOHN M. NICKLES. 
HOMOTRYPA BASSLERI 0. sp. 


Zoarium dwarfish in habit of growth, consisting of flattened, 
branching fronds, which have gradually expanded from 
almost cylindrical stems without increasing any in thickness. 
No specimens showing basal portion or mode of attachment 
have been observed. Branches usually given off in the 
same plane as the frond, oftenest by bifurcation, though they 
are sometimes given off from the side. Examples used in 
preparing this description, none of them complete, vary from 
15 to 32 mm. in height, from 5 to 9 mm. in width, and are 
about 3 mm. in thickness. Surface studded with low, 
rounded monticules, a little over one mm. in diameter, and 
from one to two mm.apart; rarely the monticules are almost 
obsolete. Apertures rather small, 9 or 10 in 2 mm., sub- 
circular or subangular, often a little oblique to the surface; 
on the monticules the apertures, as is commonly the case, are 
a trifle larger than the others. In the axial region the 
zocecia have very thin walls, rather less flexuous and crinkled 
than is the rule in this genus; the zocecia bend rather 
abruptly to the peripheral region, where they have their walls 
much thickened; after making the turn they proceed at right 
angles to the surface in some specimens, in others a little 
obliquely. No diaphragms developed in the axial region and 
but very few in the mature region. Cystiphragms line the 
upper side of the zocecia in a single row in the peripheral 
region, their walls attenuating toward the back, indicating 
that in the living state calcification was more or less incom- 
plete. The arrangement of the layers forming the walls is 
well shown in the enlarged view of a tangential section of a 
single cell, Figure 5, which shows also the appearance of the 
cystiphragms when cut across, and the structure of the 


Jour. Crn. Soc. Nat. HIST., VOL. XX, No. 2. I PRINTED JANUARY 10, 1902. 


104 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


acanthopores. Acanthopores about twice as numerous as the 
cells, not conspicuous; few specimens show them on the 
surface. A small number of irregular, angular interspaces 
simulating mesopores are seen in tangential sections and also 
on the surface. 


Figures 1 and 2.— Natural size views of two rather large examples, 
neither complete. Figure 3.— Portion of a vertical section, 20. 
Figure 4.— Portion of a tangential section, x 20. Figure 5.— A tan- 
gential section of a single zocecium, showing wall structure and 
structure of acanthopores, X 40. 


This species is so readily distinguished by its small, dwarf- 
ish, flattened growth, tuberculated surface and small aper- 
tures from all bryozoa found associated in the same beds, 
and from other species of the genus hitherto described, that 
detailed comparison seems unnecessary. It belongs to a 
section of the genus Homotrypa, which attains a wide devel- 
opment in the Richmond group. 


2 


A New Bryozoan Homotrypa Basslert., 105 


It seems a little singular that the genus Homotrypa, while 
well represented in the various groups of the Trenton period, 
is practically lacking in the Utica and sparingly developed 
in the Lorraine, with from one to three characteristic species 
in each of its divisions, except the lowest; in the Richmond 
the genus becomes very prolific in species. A very large 
number of new species, principally from the Richmond, are 
known that await description. 

This species was discovered by the writer while collecting 
fossils in company with Messrs. E. O. Ulrich and R. S. 
Bassler, in June, 1899, in the vicinity of Oregonia and 
Lebanon, Ohio. It was at this time, also, that it was recog- 
nized that these beds form the highest division of the Lor- 
raine. While not ranging entirely through the Warren beds 
of the Lorraine group, this species is one of the most charac- 
teristic fossils of these beds, and is restricted to them. 

The specific name is given in honor of my esteemed friend 
and former co-worker, Mr. R. S. Bassler, now of the U. S. 
National Museum. 

Formation and locality: A common and _ characteristic 
species of the Warren beds which form the uppermost 
division of the Lorraine group of the Cincinnati period. 
The specimens studied were collected in the vicinity of 
Lebanon, Ohio; and near Oregonia, Ohio. 


ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 


Page 4, add: Clzvina analis Putz. 


ce 


oe 


7h Dicelus ambiguus Lat. 
Te (HYDROPHILIDA) Aydrena pennsylvanica 
Kies. 
Mee Pa Ptomaphagus oblitus Lec. 


18, leave out: Microcyptus testaceus. 

19, add: Oxyporus quinquemaculatus Lec. 

HOE hi Lispinus exiguus Er. 

20, for Photinus read: Pyrotinus. 

20, add: (TRICHOPTERYGIDA) Limulodes paradoxus 
Matth. 

7 SR (PHALACRID) Phalacrus politus Melsh. 

22, line 2, for noveninotata read: xovemmnotata. 

22, line 12, for bivulneratus read: dzvulnerus. 

22,add: (ENDOMYCHIDA) Mycetea hirta Marsh. 

23, line 18, for bivittatus Gerst, read: d7gutlatus Say. 

26, add: Jno reclusa Lec. 


alee Dermestes caninus Germ. 

oh Byturus unicolor Say. 

Be iy: Cryptorhopalum triste Lec. 

Say 4: Saprinus lugens Er. 

29, for AULETES read ASLETES, and add: @. politus 
ec: ; 

30, add: Brachypterus urtice Fab. 

7 (TROGOSITIDA) Lycoptus villosus Csy. 

gee aes Limnichus punctatus Lec. 

ee (PARNID) Psephenus lecontet Lec. 


Lutrochus luteus Tec. 
Dryops lithophilus Germ. 
D. fastigiatus Say. 
Stenelmis linearis Zinm. 
S. bicarinatus Lec. 

S. crenatus Say. 


Page 36, add: Slater sayi Lec. . 

ae ila Actenodes mendax Horn. 

41, under Pyractomena, retain P. angulata and lucifera, and 
insert the genus PHO7/NUS, comprising the 
species, pyralis, marginellus, and scintillans. 

‘““ a1, add: TZytthonyx erythrocephalus Fab. 

BG Sy pte (PTINID) Lasioderma serricorne Fab. 

45, leave out: Sinoxylon sextuberculatum. 


‘* 46, for Sphindus denticollis, read: Odontosphindus dentt- 


ae 


collis Lec. 
‘* 46, add: Sphindus americanus Lec. 
ea At (LUCANID) Ceruchus piceus Web. 
go We: To a Aphodius vittatus Say. 


ae ee 


50, Cyclocephala immaculata Oliv. 
57, line 2, for submarginatus, read: subarmatus. 
57, add: Saperda candida Fab. 


ihc oie iE Orsodacna atra Ahr. 

Pi oa) Pent Diphautlaca bicolorata Horn. 
bey 0) bial Flaltica bimarginata Say. 

ty MODS io Chetocnema minutum*® Melsh. 


62, leave out: Longitarsus solidaginis Horn. 

65, after description of Hypophlceus rugosus, add: 

Prof. E. A. Schwarz, of the U. S. National Museum, 
suggests that this may bea form of Lyphia ficicola Mul- 
sant, which has been taken at Washington, D. C., where 
it is said to have been introduced. My specimens oc- 
curred in numbers under the bark of old logs, in thick 
woods, several years in succession, and were evidently 
breeding, as they were in couples. L,. ficicola is said 
to live in figs. ; 

“* 75, for AMNESIA, read: ANAMETIS. 

79, last line, for angusta, read: angustula. 

81, Dryotribus mimeticus is a maritime species. The speci- 
men said to have been found here, may have been 
accidentally brought in with white sand from the 
Gulf coast. 


*In this, as in many other instances in the present paper, the termination of the 
specific name has been changed so as to conform to the grammatical gender of the gen- 
eric name, even though contrary to established usage. For these changes the Editor of 
the Journal is, alone, responsible. a 


& 


ATURAL HIS 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 107 


ARTICLE V.—A REVISED LIST OF THE COLEOPTERA 
OBSERVED NEAR CINCINNATI, OHIO, 


WITH NOTES ON LOCALITIES, BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES, 
AND DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES. 


By CHARLES Dury. 


In this journal, October, 1879, I published a list of the Coleop- 
tera observed in the vicinity of Cincinnati, enumerating 1,419 
species. In stipplemental papers (1882) added 179 species. 
Long continued and more careful collecting has revealed many 
other, rare and interesting forms. Changes in environment that 
have taken place, have caused many species to become rare or. 
disappear altogether, while some new to the locality have been 
introduced. Conspicuous among these are the destructive ‘clover 
root beetle” (Phytonomus punctatus) and the “pea green Dia- 
brotica” (Diabrotica longicormis), etc. Some others that are 
perhaps beneficial have also made their appearance, among which 
may be mentioned the large showy “Lady bugs” Coccinella 
(Neoharmoma) venusta and notulata. 

The area covered in making the collections, on which this list is 
based, is the same as that given in former list mentioned above. 
The twenty-three years that have elapsed since that publication 
has wrought great changes in the local collectors of Coleoptera, 
all, save one, having either gone to their last resting places or 
removed from the state. But few new workers in this interesting 
order have come into the field. Annette Braun, with mother and 
sister, have made a very fine collection of local insects and added 
some rare species to the fauna of the locality. Their well pre- 
pared material can not be surpassed. Our dear, old friend, Dr. 
Geo. H. Horn, of Philadelphia, died November 25, 1897. His 
loss was a calamity severely felt by students of Nortlf American 
Coleoptera. His many excellent papers and the thousands of 
specimens gratuitously determined by him for others, bear testi- 
mony to the vast amount of work done by this unassuming and 
talented gentleman. And all this accomplished in moments 
snatched from a busy professional life, actuated only by love of 
the science. 

Four hundred and forty-eight of this list were originally de- 
scribed by Thos. Say, the pioneer entomologist who lived at New 
Harmony, Ind., the faunze of Cincinnati and of that place being 
almost identical. I can not too strongly urge our young people 
to study the insects, or some other branch of Nature’s creatures. 


it 


108 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Her methods are so fascinating and wonderful. As I look back 
over the past thirty years, much of which time has been spent 
in fields and woods, it brings back only one regret, and that is, 
that I can not go over it all again. It has been one long round 
of health-giving pleasure. Our beautiful woodland, with its 
wealth of varied bird, insect and plant life, is a revelation to those 
whose eyes become trained to see and understand nature’s beau- 
ties. During the warmer months the forest is alive with insects, 
all striving to accomplish the great purpose with which they are 
endowed, the perpetuation of the species. Many of them em- 
ploying the most intelligent and cunning devices to accomplish 
this end. 

In answer to the often repeated question “what books shall IJ 
get to help in a study of Coleoptera,’ I enumerate some of those 
which I have found most useful. The word “Jyrans.,’ often used, 
refers to the Transactions of the American Entomological Society 
of Philadelphia. Such papers as are not out of print can be fur- 
nished by the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Some 
general works that are very desirable to students are classification 
of the “Coleoptera of North America,” and “Rhyncophora,” by 
LeConte and Horn; Packard’s “Guide to the Study of Insects ;” 
Comstock’s “Manual ;” papers on North American Coleoptera, by 
Maj. Thos. L. Casey, published in annals of New York Academy 
of Sciences, and New York Entomological Soc.; “Fifth Annual 
Report of the Entomologist of Minn.,” by our lamented friend 
Prof. Lugger (his reports on the other orders are very valuable 
also). 

This list enumerates 64 families, 828 genera and 1,888 species, 
and describes 6 new ones. 


CINCINDELIDZ. 
‘igen Beetles: 
TETRACHA. 
. T. virginica Linn. 


CICINDELA. 


unipunctata Fab. 
. sexguttata Fab. 
purpurea Oliv. 
formosa Say. 
generosa De}. 
vulgaris Say. 


repanda De}. 
hirticollis Say. 
punctulata Fab. 
cuprascens Lec. 
marginipennis De}. 


omelelelelele 
elelelele 


. purpurea was taken here years ago, and again recently. 1 

never saw Tetracha virginica here, until 1899. June 28, 19009, 

they were flying and running about under the electric lights by 
es 


~ 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. | 109 


hundreds. Bull, Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 1883, p. 77, says of this 
species: “winged, but does not fly.” It does fly nevertheless. 
They occur here from June to October 2. 

C. marginipennis was never observed here until May 17, 1899, 
when about 25 were taken near Batavia Junction, on a sand bar 
of the Little Miami river. 

C. cuprascens occurs on the sand bars of the Ohio river in vast 
numbers. C. untpunctata and C. sexguttata live in the woods. 
C. generosa and C. formosa occur in sand pits. C. punctulata 
occurs everywhere. Most of the others are found along sandy 
flats and banks of streams. ‘They are very active, and a good net 
is required to effect their capture. For a Monograph of Cincin- 
delidze see Bulletin Brooklyn Entomological Soc., Nov., 1883, and 
Revision of the Cicindelidze of Boreal America, by Chas. W. Leng, 
Trans. xxviil, 1902, p. 93. This exhaustive and complete paper 
just received. Every student should have a copy. 


CARABID/A. 
“Rapacious Ground Beetles.” 
OMOPHRON. 
O. robustum Horn. QO. tessellatum Say. 


©. americanum Dej. 


The sandy shores of Mill Creek was the home of these curious 
little bettles; hundreds could be secured by throwing water over 
the sloping banks, when Omophron, with many other small beetles, 
would emerge and run up the banks, some of the Carabidz and 
Heteroceridz instantly taking flight. Omophron however do not 
fly and were easily captured. On July 10, 1878, I took 365, 
divided as follows, 180 O. tessellatum, 147 O. robustum, and 38 
O. americanum. Then, Mill Creek was clean, with sandy banks 
and pebbly bottom. Now it has become a vile open sewer, the 
sand is saturated with sewage, which decays and gives off deadly 
gases, destroying all fish and insect life. For synoptic table of 
Omophron see Bull, Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 1878, p. 71. 


CYCHRUS. 
C. stenostomus Web. C. elevatus var. heros Harr. 
C. lecontei Dej. C. andrewsii Bland. 


C. canadensis Chd. 


All Cychrus have become rare here. I have not seen C. an- 
drewsi or C. heros for years. C. heros, when living is one of 
the most beautiful of the genus, its rich, purple color and grace- 
ful form renders it very conspicuous. We trapped many C. heros 
by placing flat stones along the edge of woods, finding the beetles 
concealed beneath. 


2 
o 


110 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


CARABUS. 
C. limbatus Say. C. vinctus Web. 
CALOSOMA., 
C. externum Say. C. sayii Dej. 
C. scrutator Fab. C. calidum Fab. 
C. wilcoxi Lec. 


C. sayu is rare here, the others common. The electric lights 
attract great numbers of these useful beetles, many of which are 
crushed and otherwise destroyed. During May, 1902, C. 
scrutator was abundant, feeding on “canker worms.” 


ELAPHRUS. 
FE. ruscarius Linn. 
Found about wet places, where it runs over the moist ground. 
NOTIOPHILUS. 
N. semistriatus Say. N. sibericus Mots. 


Notiophilus lives under moist decaying leaves. Alongside oi 
an old barn I took hundreds of these active beetles. They were 
concealed under rubbish and fallen grass. 


NEBRIA. 
N. pallipes Say. 
PASIMACHUS, 
P. elongatus Lec. P. punctulatus Hald. 
SCARITES. 


S.:subterraneus Fab. 


DYSCHIRIUS. 
D. hzmorrhoidalis Dej. D. erythrocerus Lec. 
D. longulus Lec. D. brevispinus Lec. 
D. globulosus Say. D. hispidus Lec. 
D. sphezericollis Say. 


Dyschirius are abundant, if looked for along the sandy shores 
of streams and will come out when water is thrown over the sand. 


CLIVINA. . 
C. dentipes Dej. C. bipunctata Fabr. 
C. impressifrons Lec. C. postica Lec: 
Cy collars Frost C. rubicunda Lec. 
SCHIZOGENIUS. 
S. lineolatus Say. S. ferrugineus Putz. 


4 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. : 111 


ARDISTOMIS. 
A. viridis Say. A. puncticollis Putz. 


The last three genera, like Dyschirius, can be found abundantly 
along the shores of rivers and creeks. 


PANAGAUS. 


P. crucigerus Say. P. fasciatus Say. 


Both species were always rare here. Have taken them hiding 
under drift-wood on bank of Ohio river. 


BEMBIDIUM. 

. picipes Kby. 

. cordatum Lec. 

. dorsale Say. 

. variegatum Say. 
intermedium Kby. 

. versicolor Lec. 
quadrimaculatum Linn. 
. affine Say. 


. levigatum Say. 

. ineequale Say. 

. punctatostriatum Say. 
coxendix Say. 
confusum Hayward. 
americanum Dej. 

-honestum Say. 

. chalceum De}. 

. nigrum Say. 


The Bembidium are abundant along the shores of streams. 
They are active little things, running rapidly when disturbed, 
quickly hiding under stones or in cracks in the ground. The spe- 
cies are rather difficult to separate unless named types are avail- 
able for comparison. ‘The latest paper on the genus is one by 
Roland Hayward: Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. xxiv, p. 4. 


cclluslosMeclosleslosleslss 
cchesMesluclosloslesise 


ANILLUS. 
A. fortis Horn. 


I have only taken a single specimen of this minute, pale, eyeless 
carabid. It was under a flat stone, where a colony of pale ants 
had their nest. A cluster of Microcyptus testaceus were also 
present in the nest. 


TACHYS. 
T. scitulus Lec. ia cleevas, Sage 
T. nanus Gyll. T. incurvus Say. 
T. flavicaudus Say. Do wivax Lec 
T. tripunctatus Say. T. xanthopus De7. 
T. ferrugineus Dej. T. dolosus Lec. 
T. granarius De}. 


Tachys are found in various places, under bark, in decaying 
wood, along the shores of streams, etc. TJ. laevis is the smallest 
carabid I have taken here, being only 2.75 mm. long. The latest 
paper on the genus is by R. Hayward: Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 
vol. XXVI, p. IOI. 


5 


Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


PERICOMPSUS. 
P. sellatus Lec. 


PATROBUS. 
P. longicornis Say. 


ZUPHIUM, 


Z. americanum Dej. 


TETRAGONODERUS. 
T. fasciatus Hald. 


LEBIA. 


ornata Say. 
analis De}. 
fuscata De}. 
abdominalis Chd. 
scapularis Dey. 
vittata Fab. 


grandis Hentz. 
atriventris Say. 
pulchella Dej. 
viridis Say. 
pumila Dej. 
viridipennis Dej. 
lobulata Lec. 


Ss San ae a 
Sac a ee 


COPTODERA. 
C. xrata Dej. 


This species is always found under the loose bark of trees and 
not beaten from vegetation as are many of the Lebia. 


DROMIUS. 
D. piceus Dej. D. quadricollis Lec. 
BLECHRUS. 
B. pusio Lec. 
CALLIDA. 
C. punctata Lec. 


PLOCHIONUS. 
P. timidus Hald. 


MYAS. 
M. coracinus Say. M. cyanescens Dej. 
I never found either of these pretty blue species abundantly, 
of the first about eight, and the second only one, in over twenty- 
five years collecting. 


PTEROSTICHUS. 
P. adoxus Say. P. rostratus Newm. 
P. obsoletus Say. P. stygicus Say. 
P. honestus Say. P. permundus Say. 
P. obscurus Say. P. sayii Brulle. 
P. femoralis Kby. P. tartaricus Say. 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 113 


P. lacrymosus Newm. P. lucublandus Say. 

P. coracinus Newm. P. mutus Say. 

The species of Pterostichus are quite difficult to separate. This 
is particularly the case with the black species, where the series is 
large. For a synopsis of the genus see Bull, Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 
1882, vol. v. 


EVARTHRUS. 
E. seximpressus Lec. FE. acutus Lec. 
E. sigillatus Say. E. sodalis Lec. 
E. americanus Dej. E. furtivus Lec, 
AMARA. 
A. avida Say. Ax fallax Le. 
A. furtiva Say. A. polita Lec. 
ee exataras eT. A. interstitialis De7. 
A. angustata Say. A. terrestris Lec. 
A. impuncticollis Say. A. musculus Say. 


A. cupreolata Putz 


To identify the species of Amara see synoptic table by Horn: 
Trans., 1875, vol. v, p. 127-8. They are a difficult group. 


LOXANDRUS. 
L. erraticus Dey. L. minor Chd. 
Loxandrus, for some unknown reason, is exceedingly rare here. 
I have only taken three or four specimens in many years. When 
fresh, some of the species have a beautiful “mother of pearl” 
iridescence. 
DICELUS. 


D. dilatatus Say. D. ovalis Lec. 

D. purpuratus Bon. D. elongatus Bon. 
D. sculptilis Say. Db: teter bon: 

D. furvus De}. D. politus Dej. 


Dicelus are large and common beetles, easily separated. See 
synoptic table by Horn: Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 1880, vol. 111, 


Ppp. 51-52. 


CALATHUS. 
C. gregarius Say. C. opaculus Lec. 
PLATYNUS. 
P. caudatus Lec. P. crenistriatus Lec. 
P. hypolithus Say. P. rubripes Zimm. 
P. sinuatus Dej. P. punctiformis Say. 
P. extensicollis Say. P. ruficornis Lec. 
P. viridis Lec. P. octopunctatus Fab. 
P. ferreus Hald. P. placidus Say. 
P. melanarius Dej. P. excavatus Dej. 


114 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


P. atratus Lec. P. obsoletus Say. 
P. variolatus Lec. P. zruginosus De}. 


The Platynus are more or less abundant, except P. caudatus. 
Of this odd looking species, only one specimen has ever been 
taken here, and that was found by Dr. .J. M. Crawford on the 
shore of a creek, under a stone. 

OLISTHOPUS. 


O. parmatus Say. 
PERIGONA. 
P. nigriceps Dej. 
EUPHORTICUS. 
E. pubescens Dey. 


ATRANUS. 
A. pubescens Dey. 


LEPTOTRACHELUS. 
L. dorsalis Fab. 


CASNONIA. 
C. pennsylvanica Linn. 


GALERITA. 
G. janus Fab. G. bicolor Drury. 
PINACODERA. 
P. limbata Dej. 


CYMINDIS. 


C. americana De}. C. pilosa Say. 
APENES. . 
A. lucidula Dey. A. sinuata Say. 
HELLUOMORPHA. 

H. przusta De}. H. bicolor Harr. 
BRACHYNUS. 

B. americanus Lec. B. fumans Fab. 

B. perplexus Dey. B. cordicollis Dey. 
CHLAENIUS. 

C. erythropus Germ. C. tricolor Dej. 

C. sericeus, /orst. C. brevilabris Lec. 

C. diffinis Chd. C. pennsylvanicus Say. 

C. prasinus Dej. ; C. impunctifrons Say. 

C. leucoscelis Cher. C. tomentosus Say. 

C. nemoralis Say. 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. lal 


ANOMOGLOSSUS. 
A. emarginatus Say. A. pusillus Say. 
BRACHYLOBUS. 
B, lithophilus Say. 
OODES. 
O. cupreus Chd. O. 14 striatus Chd. 
GEOPINUS. 
G. incrassatus Dej. 


This species burrows deeply in the sand, where it lives. I have 
trapped them by laying a flat board on the sand, and in wet 
weather they come to the surface, and hide under the board. 


CRATACANTHUS. 
C. dubius Beauv. 


AGONODERUS. 
A. lineola Fab. A. partiarius Say. 
A. infuscatus Dej. A. indistinctus Dej. 
A. pallipes Fab. A. testaceus Dej. 

HARPALUS. 

H. dichrous Dej. H. faunus Say. 
H. vulpeculus Say. H. herbivagus Say. 
H. caliginosus Fab. H. nitidulus Chd. 
i ehtaticus Sas wiimoranis ee: 
H. pennsylvanicus De G. H. testaceus Lec. 
H. longior Kby. 


During nights of August 6 and 7, 1890, swarms of H. caligi- 
nosus came into Cincinnati, attracted by the electric lights. The 


streets and sidewalks were covered in places with their crushed 
remains. 


SELENOPHORUS. 
S. gagatinus Dej. S. conjunctus Say. 


| STENOLOPHUS. 
S. ochropezus Say. 


BRADYCELLUS. 
B. rupestris Say. 


TACHYCELLUS. 


T. atrimedius Say. T. badiipennis Hald. 
ANISODACTYLUS. ; 

A. interstitialis Say. A. baltimorensis Say. 

A. rusticus De]. A. piceus Men. 

A. carbonarius Say. A. terminatus Say. 


116 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


A. agricola Say. A. nitidipennis Lec. 
A. harrisii Lec. A. lugubris De]. 
A. discoideus De}. A. sericeus Harr. 


Synoptic tables of many of the families of CARABIDZ can be 
found in Bulletin of the Brooklyn Ent. Soc. from 1879 to 1882. 


HALIPLIDZE. 


“Crawling Water Beetles.” 


HALIPLUS. 
H. punctatus Aube. H. ruficollis De G. 


CNEMIDOTUS. 
C. simplex Lec. C. edentulus Lec. 
C. duodecimpunctatus Say. 


These little beetles crawl about over aquatic plants, the bottom 
of ponds and creeks. They are not nearly as active as the follow- 
ing families. All of the aquatic beetles can be captured by dredg- 
ing with a strongly made wire net, with small mesh. 


DYSEISCID AS, 


HYDROCANTHUS. 
H. iricolor Say. 


LACCOPHILUS. 
L. maculosus Germ. L. fasciatus Aube. 
L. proximus Say. 
_ HYDROVATUS. 
H. cuspidatus Germ. 
BIDESSUS. 
B. affinis Say. B. undescribed species. 
B. lacustris Say. 
CCELAMBUS. 
C. acaroides Lec. C. nubilus Lec. 
C. turbidus Lec. 
HYDROPORUS. 
H. concinnus Lec. H. consimilis Lec. 
H. pulcher Lec. .  H. modestus Aube. 
H. undulatus Say. 
ILYBIUS. 


I. biguttatus Germ. 
COPTOTOMUS. 
C. interrogatus Fab. 
10 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 117 


COPELATUS. 

C. glyphicus Say. 
MATUS. 

M. bicarinatus Say. 
AGABUS. 


A. stagninus Say. A. teniolatus Harr. 
A. semivittatus Lec. 


I have found this last species feeding on a bit of earth worm, 
floating in water. Placing my net under the worm, and raising 1% 
up, I counted 43 of the beetles. 


DYTISCUS. 

D. fasciventris Say. D. harrisii Kby. 

D. hybridus Aube. 
ACILIUS. 

A. semisulcatus Aube. A. fraternus Harr. 

THERMONECTES. 

T. basilaris Harr. T. fasciaticollis Harr. 

CYBISTER. 


C. fimbriolatus Say. 


GYRINID-A. 
“Surface Whirligigs.” 
GYRINUS. 
G. confinis Lec. G. lugens Lec. 
G. analis Say. 
DINEUTUS. 
D. discolor Aube. D. assimilis Aube. 
HYDROPHIEIDA: 
HELOPHORUS. 
H. lineatus Say. 
HYDROPHILUS. 
H. ovatus H. & G. H. glaber Hbst. 
H. triangularis Say. H. striolatus Lec. 


H. nimbatus Say. 


Excepting Dytiseus harrisi, the first two are the largest water 
beetles found here. H. ovatus is shorter and broader and has the 
triangular piece, into which the anterior end of the sternal spine 


rests, open. H. triangularis is very common, and has the triangle 
mentioned above closed and complete. 


alr 


118 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


HYDROCHARIS. 
H. obtusatus Say. 
BEROSUS. 
B. peregrinus Hbst. B. striatus Say. 
LACCOBIUS. 
L. agilis Rand. 
PHILHYDRUS. 
P. nebulosus Say. P. cinctus Say. 
P. ochraceus Mels. 
HYDROCOMBUS. 
H. maculicollis Muls. H. fimbriatus Mels. 
HYDROBIUS. 
H. globosus Say. H. subcupreus Say. 
CERCYON. 
C. pubescens Lec. C. hemorhoidale Fab. 
C. pretextatum Say. 
PHANONOTUM. 


P. extricatum Say. 
MEGASTERNUM. 
M. costatum Lec. 


CRYPTOPLEURUM. 
C. vagans Lec. 


LEPTINIDA. 
“Mammal Nest Dwellers.” 


LEPTINUS. 
L. testaceus Mirell. 


This curious little flat, pale, eyeless beetle, I have found only 
in the nests of small mammals, such as field mice, etc. From one 
nest I took 90 specimens, and many escaped by running away so 
rapidly I was unable to gather them all. I think they are only 
guests of the animals, as I have found them in nests that have 
been long since deserted by the animals. See note, “What I found 


in nest of field mouse.” This Journal, 1892. 


Sleep As, 
“Carrion Beetles.”’ 
NECROPHORUS. 


N. americanus Oliv, N. marginatus Fab. 
12 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 119 


N. sayi Lap. N. tomentosus Web. 
N. orbicollis Say. 


These large showy beetles are ill-smelling things, and when 
pinned, turn dark in drying and lose the bright yellow colors. 
Their appearance and smell can be much improved in preparing 
them for the cabinet, by making an opening between the segments 
and scraping out the soft parts. Then soak them for several days 
in ether or gasoline, after which fill up with cotton that has been 
dampened in carbolic acid, alcohol and corrosive sublimate. To 
secure specimens, place a dead mole, rat or bird in a suitable place, 
cover up lightly with bark or grass, and visit it daily during June, 
July, August and September. 


SILPHA. 
S. surinamensis Fab. S. noveboracensis Forst. 
S. ineequalis Fab. S. americana Linn. 


These frequent the same “banquet hall” as the above and 
require the same treatment. I have observed S$. swrinamensis 
feeding on the plump maggots of the “Blue fly.” They were 
chewing them up at a lively rate. 


NECROPHILUS. 
N. pettiti Horn. 


A rare species I have only found on fungus growing in thick 
woods. 


CHOLEVA. 
C. simplex Say. C. clavicornis Lec. 
C. basillaris Say. C. terminans Lec. 


These and the next occur on decaying vegetable and animal 
matter. I have also taken five specimens in nest of a mouse, 
ime: £2; 

PRIONOCH ATA. 


P. opaca Say. 
PTOMAPHAGUS., 


P. consobrinus Lec. P. parasitus Lec. 
P. pusio Lec. 


P. parasitus 1 find abundantly in the subterranean nests of a 
large black ant (Camponotus pennsylvanicus). July 21, 1891, I 
took 35 from a nest in an orchard. This ant makes nests in 
honeycombed trees and logs, and also in the ground. 

COLON. 
C. hubbardi Horn. C. undescribed species. 
COLENIS. 
C. impunctata Lec. 


13 


120 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


LIODES. 

Le polita Wee. L. obsoleta Horn. 
L. discolor Melch. L.. basilis Lee. 

L. blanchardi Horn, IL. dichroa Lec. 


Liodes are abundant in patches of powdery fungus that grows 
on logs and dead trees. 


AGATHIDIUM. 
A. oniscoides Beauv. A. pulchrum Lec. 
A. exiguum Melsh. 

SCYDMAENIDE. 


Minute hairy brown beetles in which the elytra cover the 
dorsal segments of abdomen. 
CHEVROLATIA. 
C. ameena Lec. 


More than twenty years ago, I took one specimen of this 
exceedingly rare species, and have never ceased hunting for others, 
whenever an opportunity offered, but without success. 


SCYDMENUS. 

S. cribrarius Lec. S. clavipes Say. 

S. flavitarsus Lec. S. salinator Lec. 

S. capillosulus Lec. S. bicolor Schauff. 

SJianalis ec . §. brevicornis Say. 
EUMICRUS. 

E. motschulskii Lec. E. floridanus Casey. 

E. grossus Lec. 
CHOLERUS. 


C. zimmermani Schaum. 
CEPHENNIUM. 
C. corporosum Lec. 


See Le Conte in Proc. Acad., 1852; also, “Coleopterological 
Notices: VII.”, Annals N. Y. Acad. Sciences vol. 1x, p. 351, by 
Maj. Casey. 


PSELAPEHIDAS. 


Minute brown beetles with the elytra not covering the dorsal 
abdominal segments. Segments not freely moveable. 
ADRANES. 
A. lecontei Brend. 
ATINUS. 
A. monilicornis Brend. 
14 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 121 


CEOPHYLLUS. 
C. monilis Lec. 


CEDIUS. 
G:pzeigier Lec: C. spinosus Lec. 
TMESIPHORUS. 
T. costalis Lec. T. carinatus Lec. 
CTENISTES. 
G., piceus Lec. C. consobrinus Lec. 
C. zimmermani Lec. 
TYRUS. 


T. humeralis Aube. 
TYCHUS. 

T. minor Lec. 
MACH AERODES. 
M. tychoides Brend. 
VERTICINOTUS. 
V. cornutus Brend. 


BATRISUS. 
B. confinis Lec. B. riparius Say. 
B. monstrosus Lec. B. globosus Lec. 
B. ferox Lec. : B. nigricans Lec. 
B. frontalis Lec. B. spretus Lec. 
FARONUS. 


Raucoluiedcec: 


See note on this species in this Journal, vol. x1x (1898), p. 139. 


BRYAXIS, 
B. illinoiensis Brend. B. rubicunda Aube. 
B. abdominalis Aube. B. congener Brend. 
B. gracilis Casey. 

RHEXIUS. 


R. insculptus Lec. 
TRIMIUM. 

T. parvulum Lec. 
EUPLECTUS. 


E. linearis Lec. FE. interruptus Lec. 
E. confluens Lec. 


Unless the PSELAPHIDZE are collected clean and mounted 
with great care they are not worth much for study. Collect them 


15 


122 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


dry, draw out the antennz, then mount on the extreme tip of the 
finest paper point, with only a speck of good glue. Brendel and 
Wickham have published a monograph of t the family i in the natural 
history bulletin of the lowa Acad. Sciences: Vol. 1, p. 216. But 
the beginner who attempts to name his collection, without named 
types for comparison, from this or any other available literature, 


33 


will have “rough sledding.” 


STAPEY Vi iD AS. 
“Rove Beetles.” 


An immense family with diversified forms and colors, that 
have the elytra.short, abdominal segments in most of the species 
fieely moveable. 


FALAGRIA. 
F. cingulata Lec. F. bilobata Say. 
HOMALOTA, 
H. trimaculata Er. H. lividipennis Mann. 
ALEOCHARA, 
A. lata Grav. A. brachypterus Fourc. 
PHILOTERMES. 
P. pilosus Kr. 
DINOPSIS. 
P. americanus Kr. 
ACYLOPHORUS. 
A. flavicollis Sack. A. pronus Erw. 
SOMATIUM. 
S. claviger Casey. 


QUEDIUS. 
QO. fulgidus Fab. ©. capucinus Grav, 
Q. sublimbatus Wak. Q. levigatus Gyll. 
O. peregrinus Grav. O. molochinus Grav. 
LISTOTROPHUS. 
S. cingulatus Grav. 
CREOPHILUS. 
C. villosus Grav. 
STAPHYLINUS. 
S. vulpinus Nordm. S. comes Lec. 
S. maculosus Grav, S. cinnamopterus Grav. 
S. mysticus Er. S. violaceus Grav. 
S. femoratus Fab. S. viridans Horn. 


16 


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Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 
OCYPUS. 
Ot ater Grav. 


BELONUCHUS. 
B. formosus Grav. 


PHILONTHUS. 
aeneus [osst. P. equalis Horn, 
lucidus Say. P. brunneus Grav. 
palliatus Grav. P. cyanipennis Fab. 
debilis Grav. P. blandis Grav. 
fusiformis Welsh. P. baltimorensis Grav. 
fulvipes Fab. P._apicalis Say. 
lomatus Er. P. confertus Lec. 
ACTOBIUS. 
. sobrinus Er. A. terminalis Lec. 


. pederoides Lec. 
XANTHOLINUS. 
. cephalus Say. X. obscurus Er. 
emmesus Grav. 
LEPTACINUS. 


longicollis Lec. L. dimidiatus Say. 
ruficollis Lec. L. umbripennis Fauv. 

DIOCHUS. 

D. schaumu Kr. 

STENUS. 
bipunctatus Er. S. humilis Er. 
egenus Er, Saris, Csy. 
flavicornis Er, S. argus Grav. 
annularis Er. 


EUSTHETUS. 
E. florid Casey. 


CRYPTOBIUM. 
badium Grav. C. pallipes Grav. 
bicolor Grav. C. latebricola Nordm. 
texanum Leé. 

LATHROBIUM. : 
punctulatum Lec. C. collare Er. 
armatum Say. C. dimidiatum Say. 
longiusculum Grav. 

STILICUS. 
tristis Melch. S. dentatus Say. 
angularis Lec. S. biarmatus Lec. 


10 


124 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


LITHOCHARIS, 
L. corticina Grav. L. confluens Say. 
PAEDERUS. 
P. littorarius Grav. 
SUNIUS. 
S. binotatus Say. S. longiusculus Mann. 
STILICOPSIS. 
S. monstrosa Lec, 
PINOPHILUS. 
P. latipes Grav. 
PALAMINUS. 
Pwtestacels yar 


MICROCYPTUS. 
M. testaceus Lec. 


Taken in numbers from nest of small black ant, August, 1888. 


TACHINUS. 
T. memnonius Grav. T. schwarzi Horn. 
T. flavipennis Dej. T. limbatus Melsh. 
T. luridus2y, T. pallipes Grav. 

TACHYPORUS. 
T. maculipennis Lec. a scitolus v7, 
T. jocosus Say. T. brunneus Fab. 
T. chrysomelinus Linn. 

ERCHOMUS. 


T. levis Lec. 


CONOSOMA. 
C. littoreum Linz. C. opicum Say. 
C. crassum Grav. C. scriptum Horn. 
Cy basale Er: 

BOLETOBIUS, 
B. niger Grav. B. cincticollis Say. 
B. dimidiatus Er. B. trinotatus Er. 
B. intrusus Horn. B. cinctus Grav. 


BRYOPORUS. 
B. flavipes Lec. 
MYCETOPORUS. 
M. americanus Er. 
MEGALOPS. 
M. celatus Grav. 
18 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 125 


O. femoralis Grav. 
O. major Grav. 
O. stygicus Say. 
Megalops I always find on the under side of small fungus 


grown beech logs, May to October. Oxyporus feed on the tender 
parts of fungus belon 


OXYPORUS. 
O. vittatus Grav, 
O. lateralis Grav. 


ging to the Agaricinae from May to Septem- 


ber. O. stygicus is our most abundant species and quite variable 
in size. 
OSORIUS. 
QO. latipes Grav, 
BLEDIUS. 
B. semiferrugineus Lec. B. analis Lec. 
B. ruficornis Lec. B. emarginatus Say. 


I find Osorius and Bledins abundant along rivers on the low 
damp ground. 


O. 


sculptus Grav. 
insignitus Grav, 


brunneus Say. 


pallipes Lec. 


. obtectum Er. 


PLATYSTETHUS, 
P. americanus Er, 
OXYTELUS. 
O. nitidulus Grav. 
O. placusinus Lec, 


TROGOPHL@US, 
T. memnonius £yr. 
APOCELLUS. 
A. spheericollis Say, 
GEODROMICUS, 
G. cxsus Fr, 
LESTEVA, 
L. subcarinata Ey. 
TRIGONODEMUS, 
T. striatus Lec. 
LATHRIM ZUM, 
L. sordidum Er, 
ALOPHRUM. 
A. rotundicolle Salb. 
PYCNOGLYPTA, 
P. lurida Gyil. 
HOMALIUM. 
H. humerosum Fauz, 
19 


126 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


PHOTINUS. 
P. atomarius Er. 
MEGARTHRUS. 
M. excisus Lec. 


GLYPTOMA, 
G. costale Er. 
ELEUSIS. 
E. pallidus Lec. 
SIAGONUM. 
S. americanum Melsh. 
MICROPEPLUS. 
M. cribratus Lec. 


In addition to those enumerated [ have many species impossi- 
ble to identify at this time, some of which are doubtless new. 


TRICHOPLTERYGIDZE. 
“Feather Wings.” 


Most of these beetles are exceedingly minute, being the smail- 
est of beetles. It requires a powerful glass to study them. I find 
only two species, by sifting rubbish. They are: 

NOSSIDIUM. 
N. americanum Mots. 
TRICHOPTERYX. 
T. haldemani Lec. 


SCAPHIDIIDZ. 


Black shining beetles that live on fungus grown logs. 


SCAPHIDIUM. 
S. quadrimaculatum Say. S. quadripustulatum Say. 
S. obliteratum Lec. S. piceum Melsh. 


S. obliteratum is a form in which the dorsal punctures are 
nearly obliterated. Dr. Horn considered the last three varieties. of 


the first. Maj. Casey has a synopsis in Journal, N. Y. Ent. Soc., 
vol. VIII, June, 1900. 


CYPARIUM. 
C. flavipes Lec. 
BEOCERA. 
B. concolor Fab. 
Sifted from field mouse’s nest December, 1891. 
20 


“I 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnatt. 12 


SCAPHISOMA. 
S. convexum Say. 
TOXIDIUM. 
T. compressum Zim. 


PHALACRIDA-A. 
OLIBRUS. 
O. striatulus Lec. O. nitidus Melsh. 
O. consimilis Marsh. 
ANCYLOMUS. 


Axe ergo Csi. 


CORYLOPHIDA:. 


Many of this family of small beetles are to be found on the 
trunks of standing dead trees feeding on a powdery fungus. 


SACIUM. 
S. obscurum Lec. S. fasciatum Say. 
S. amabile Lec. S. lunatum Lec. 
SERICODERUS. 
S. obscurus Lec. S. subtilis Lec. 
COCCINELLIDZ. 


“Lady Bugs” or “Lady Birds.” 


This is one of the most important families of beetles. Many 
of the species in the larval form feed on plant lice and scale insects. 
Their value in ridding, vegetation of these pests can hardly be 
estimated. 

Introduced pests can sometimes be controlled by introducing 
their “Lady bug” parasite. The family is large and all, with few 
exceptions, feed on other insects. The rapidity with which Adalia 
and Brachyacantha will destroy a colony of “plant lice” (aphidac) 
is surprising. Our species are: 


MEGILLA. 
M. maculata D. G. 


HIPPODAMIA. 


H. glacialis Fab. H. tredecimpunctata Linn. 

H. convergens Guer. H. parenthesis Say. 
COCCINELLA. 

C. venusta Melsh. C. sanguinea Linn. 


oa 


128 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


C. notulata Muils. - C. bipunctata Linn. - 
C. noveninotata Hbst. C. pullata Say. 


I have never observed C. (Neoharmonia) venusta and C. 
notulata here until 1898, in which year I saw one specimen. 
Since then they are becoming more abundant. I have specimens 
that seem to prove notulata a dimorphic form of venusta. 

ANATIS. 
A. quindecimpunctata Oliv. 
PSYLLOBORA. 
P. vigintimaculata Savy. 
CHILOCORUS. 
C. bivulneratus Muls. C. abdominalis Say. 
CRYPTOGNATHA. 
Crpnusila Lec. 
PENTILIA, 
P.tomisella ec. 


BRACHYACANTHA. 


B. ursina Fab. B. quadripunctata Melsh. 

B. decempustulata Melsh. 
HYPERASPIS. 

H. fimbriolata Melsh. H. signata Oliv. 

H. undulata Say. H. bigeminata Rand. 
SCYMNUS. 

S. bioculatus Muls. S. caudalis Lec. 

S. americanus Mulls. S. tenebrosus Muils. 

S. hemorrhous Lec. S. punctatus MWelsh. 

S. collaris Melsh. 


CEPHALOSCYMNUS. 
C. zimmermani Cr. 
EPILACHNA. 

E. borealis Fab. 


I have found this last species in clusters under leaves during 
the winter. With very few exceptions our COCCINELLID are 
abundant if searched for at the proper time and place. Crotch 
published a revision of the family, Trans., vol. 1v, 1873, p. 363. 

Maj. Thos. L. Casey has published a revision and synopsis in 
Journal, New York Ent. Soc., vol. vu, No. 2, June, 1899. 


ENDOMYCHIDZ.. 


SY MBIOTES. 
S- -ulker Cr: S. minor Cyr. 


? 


nN 
nN 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 129 


RHANIS, 
R. unicolor Zieg. 
PHYMAPHORA. 
P. pulchella Newm. 


LYCOPERDINA. 
L. ferruginea Lec. 

This last species is common if searched for at the proper 
place, which is inside the little round fungus Lycoperdon 
piriforme, where it may be found covered with the spores of the 
fungus. By squeezing the ball the beetle can be felt, 1f within. 

APHORISTA. 
A. vittata Fab. 


MYCETINA, 
M. perpulchra Newm. 


STENOTARSUS. 
S. hispidus Hbst. 
ENDOMYCHUS. 
E. bivittatus Gerst. 


Mycetina and Aphorista | have found very early in Spring 
clinging to the under side of oak rails that were lying along the 
edge of a woods. The curious and pretty little Phymaphora is 
found on old beech logs. Symbiotes occurs on logs where it feeds 
on the fungus growing there. 

For synopsis, see Crotch Trans. vol. 1v, 1873, p. 349. 


EROLY MIDAS 
LANGURIA. 
bicolor Fab. L. trifasciata Say. 
mozardi Lat. L. gracilis Newm. 


angustata Bean. 
. trifasciata 1s considered a variety of L. angustata, but I 
strongly doubt it. 


eee lee ise 


PLGOSOMA. 
P. punctata Lec. 
DACNE. 
D. quadrimaculata Say. 
MEGALODACNE. 


M. fasciata Fab. M. ulkei Crotch. 
M. heros Say. 


130 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


I have found wlkei only on a fungus (Polyporus cuticularis), 
growing on beech logs together with its larve. Under favorable 
conditions they were common during May and June. Thick 
woods. 

ISCHYRUS. 


I. quadripunctatus Oliv. 


MYCOTRETUS. 
M. sanguinipennis Say. M. pulchra Say. 
TRITOMA. 
T. humeralis Fab. Taimnecra lec. 
T. biguttatus Say. T. thoracica Say. 
T. unicolor Say. T. flavicollis Lec. 


Te testivankec. 

Have bred T. festiva from fungus found growing on beech 
stump. The larve were voracious feeders, and consumed the 
entire inner part, leaving a thin shell, which held the piece together, 
Crotch has a revision. Trans. 1873, vol. Iv, p. 349. 


COLYDENDAS. 
SYNCHITA. 
L. parvula Guer. L. granulata Say. 
L. fuliginosa Melsh. 
CICONES. 


C. marginalis Melsh. 


BITOMA. 
B. quadrigutta Say. B. quadricollis Horn. 
EUDESMA. 
FE. undulata Welsh. 


This species is rare. It was described by Melsheimer from 
Penn. For years it remained unique, until one day, while taking 
refuge under a buckeye log that spanned a ravine, to escape a 
shower, I looked up and saw some curious little elongated beetles 
running rapidly up and down the log, and running into round 
holes in a very colydiid fashion. I gathered six specimens, and 
when I studied them, found I had this rare insect. Mr. Siewers 
had taken one specimen under bark of sycamore the year before 
(1879) in same woods. This beautiful woods is now gone. I 
have not seen the species since. 


COXELUS. 
C. guttulatus Lec. 
24 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 131 


LASCONOTUS. 
L. pusillus Lec. 


. AULONIUM. 
A. parallelopipedum Say. ' A. tuberculatum Lec. 
COLYDIUM. 
C. lineola Say. 
PENTHELISPA. 
Py reflexa Say. 
PYCNOMERUS. 
P. sulcicollis Lec. 
BOTHRIDERES. 
B. geminatus Say. 
EROTYLATHRIS. 
FE. exaratus Meish. 


I found this nicely sculptured species but once abundantly. It 
was hatching from cocoons, that its larvae had constructed under 
the bark of a dead Elm tree. Many pupa had died in the cocoons 
evidently from the heat of the sun shinning on the bark. 

e CERYLON. 


C. castaneum Say. 
PHILOTHERMUS. 

errs ; P. glabriculus Lec. 
MYCHOCERUS. 

M. depressus Lec. 


See Dr. Horn’s paper on Colydiidae, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 
tage, Vols VEL p. 555: 


REY SsODiIp Ay. 


RHYSSODES. 
hojexarata ll, 
CLINIDIUM. 
_C. sculptile Newm. 
See synopsis by LeConte Trans., V. 5, 1875, p. 162. There are 


only four N. A. species in the family. The other two being found 
in Cal. Ours live under bark of decaying logs, and are abundant. 


25 


132 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


CUCUJIDZA. 


SYLVANUS. 


S. surinamensis Linn. S. planatus Germ. 
S. bidentatus Fab. S. advena Waltl. 


NAUSIBIUS. 
N. dentatus Marsh. 
CATOGENUS. 
C. rufus Fab. 
PEDIACUS. 
P. depressus Hbst. 


CUCUJUS. 
C. clavipes Fab. 


- 


INO. 
Undescribed species. 

I found one specimen of this last genus by beating the dead 
limbs of honey locust. Mr. Ulke to whom I gave it, said it was 
new. I never saw another. 

LEMOPHLGUS. 


L. biguttatus Say. L. testaceus Fab. 
L. fasciatus Melsh. L. convexulus Lec. 
L. adustus Lec. 

LATHROPUS. 


L. vernalis Lec. 
BRONTES. 

B. dubiusFab. B. debilis Lec. 

TELEPHANUS. 

T. velox Hald. 
Synopsis..by LeGonte Procm Acad. 18540-V ai... 3. | abe 
species of this family are very striking examples of forms modi- 
fied for an existence under the loose close laying bark of trees, 


enabling them to squeeze into crevices where they find food for 
their larvee, and the eternally vigilant ant can not penetrate. - 


CRYPT OPHA GIDAS. 


LOBERUS. 
LL. impressus: Lec. > 
ANTHEROPHAGUS. 
A. ochraceus Mels. 
26 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 133 


CROSIMUS. 
C. hirtus Casey. 


CRY PTOPHAGUS. 
C. croceus Zimm, C. nodangulus Zimm. 
CENOSCELIS. 
C. subfuscata Casey. C. elongata Csy. 
C. ferruginea Sahlb. C. obscura Csy. 
ATOMARIA. 
A. crypta Casey. A. ephippiata Zimm. 


A number of unnamed CRYPTOPHAGID-. 


MYCETOPHAGID. 
“Fungus eaters.” 
MYCETOPHAGUS. 
M. punctatus Say. * M. pluripunctatus Lec. 
M. flexuosus Say. M. obsoletus Melsh. 
M. melsheimerii Lec. 
PISENUS. 


P. humeralis Kby. 


LITARGUS. 
L. 6-punctatus Say. L. didesmus Say. 
L. balteatus Lec. L. nebulosus Lec. 
L. tetraspilotus Lec. 
TYPH A, 
T. fumata Linn. 
DIPLOCCELUS. 
D. brunneus Lec. 


Synopsis by Casey in Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc., June, 1900. 


DERMESTIDZ. 
“Museum and household pests.” 
DERMESTES. 
D. lardarius Linn. D. vulpinus Fabr. 
D. pulcher Lec. D. maculatus Dej. 
ATTAGENUS. 


A. piceus Oliv. 
TROGODERMA. 
T. ornatum Say. T. tarsale Melsh. 


134 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


ANTHRENUS. 
A. scrophulariz Linn. A. muszorum Linn. 
A. varius Fab. 
CRYPTOR HOPALUM. 
C. balteatum Lec. 
ORPHILUS. 


O. glabratus Fab. 


Anthrenus is a terrible pest, and unless the utmost vigilance 
is exercised they will get into and ruin an insect collection in a 
short time. The strong fumes of napthaline or crude carbolic 
acid will disguise the odor of dried insects and repell the pests 
from the boxes. Strong carbon bi-sulphide fumes will kill An- 
threnus after they get in. Maj. Casey has a synopsis in Journal 
N.Y: Ent2Soc,, June, 1900: 


HISTERIDZ:: 


Our species are nearly all black shining beetles that live ia 
excrement and decaying material. Some few species live under 
bark and are modified for such an existence being flattened and 
with short legs. 


HOLOLEPTA. 
Hy tucida Lec. H. fossularis Say. 
HISTER. 
H. harrisii Kby. H. americanus Payk. 
H. immunis Cr. H. subrotundus Say. 
H. marginicollis Lec. H. vernus Say. 
H. foedatus Lec. H. carolinus Payk. 
H. abbreviatus Fab. H. lecontei Mars. 
H. furtivus Lec. H. aurelianus Horn. 
H. incertus Jars. H. coarctatus Lec. 
Ho servus 2%, H. basalis Lec. 
H. sedecimstriatus Say. H. gracilis Lec. 
TRIBALUS. 
T. americanus Lec. 
EPIERUS. 
E. regularis Beauv. E. pulicarius Er. 
HETARIUS, 


H. brunneipennis Rand. 


I have taken this species by digging into the nests of mound 
building ants (Formica exsectoides). 
28 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 135 


DENDROPHILUS. 
D. punctulatus Say. 


PAROMALUS. 


P. zqualis Say. P. bistriatus Er, 

P. estriatus Lec. P. seminulum Er. 
SAPRINUS. 

S. assimilis Payk. S. fitchi Mars. 

S. fraternus Say. S. patruelis Lec. 
TERETRIUS. 


T. americanus Lec. 


BACANIUS. 
B. punctiformis Lec. 


ACRITUS. 
A. exiguus Er, 


AULETES. 
A. undescribed species. 


NITIDULIDZE. 
“Sappreeders: ’. 


Members of this family can be found in quantities, whereever 
sap exudes from trees, early in the spring. This is particularly 
the case with maple trees. I have trapped hundreds by laying 
chips on top of a freshly cut maple stump, where the sap was 
exuding. Under these chips were congregated 20 species and 
hundreds of individuals. A mixture of vinegar or sour beer, and 
brown sugar or molasses, will also attract them, if spread on a 
log in the woods, and covered with chips. 


CERCUS. 
C. abdominalis Er. 

CARPOPHILUS. 
C. hemipterus Linn. — C. corticinus Er. 
mises: Saga, C. antiquus Melsh. 
C. marginatus Say. 

COLASTUS. 

C. morio Er. C. semitectus Say. 
C. maculatus Er. C. truncatus Rand. 

CONOTELUS. 


C. obscurus Fr. 
29 


136 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


EPUREA, 
EB hormin C7, E. avara Rand. 
E. helvola Er. FE. fulvescens Horn. 
E. rufa Say. E. planulata Er. 
E. erichsonii /veit. E. ovata Horn. 
E. corticina Er. E. labilis Er. 
E. rufida Welsh. . 
and some unidentified species. 
NITIDULA. 
N. bipustulata Linn. N. zic zac Say. 
‘ STELIDOTA, 
S. gemminata Say. S. strigosa Gyll. 


S. octomaculata Say. 
PROMETOPIA. 
P. sexmaculata Say. 
PHENOLIA. 
P:'gtossa Fab. 
OMOSITA. 
O. colon Linn. 
SORONIA. 
S. undulata Say. 
POCADLUS. 
P. helvolus Er. 
MELIGETHES. 
M. mutatus Harr. 
OXYCNEMIS. 
O. nigripennis Lec. ©. histrina Lec. 
The last two species very much resemble Histers and are found 
in the curious fungus called the “stink horn.” 
AMPHICROSSUS. 
A. ciliatus Oliv. 
PALLODES. 
Pe rsilacetts in 
CYBOCEPHALUS. 
C. nigritulus Lec. 


These minute little beetles are found on fungus grown logs 


They are sometimes in clusters composed of hundreds of individ- 
uals. 


30 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 137 


CRYPTARCHA. 
C. ampla Er. C. concinna Aelsh., 
IPS. 
I. fasciatus Oliv. I. confluentus Say. 
I. sanguinolentus Oliv. 
RHIZOPHAGUS. 


R. bipunctatus Say. 


Dr. Horn’s paper on this family, Trans., 1879, V. 7, p. 257, is 
the best synopsis of the North American Nitidulidae. 


ACEI RED LD As. 


A family of minute beetles that live under the bark of trees, 
in decaying leaves, etc. I collect them by sifting such debris. 
LATHRIDIUS. 
L. liratus Lec. 
ENICMUS. 
E. maculatus Lec. E. aterrimus Mots. 
CARTODERE. 
C. filiformis Lec. 


CORTICARIA. 


Cesetcata Fayre: C. brevicornis Fall. 
MELANOPHTHALMA. 

M. picta Lec. M. distinguenda Com. 

M. cavicollis Mann. M. americana Mann. 


When more careful search for them is made, other species will 
doubtless be found here. In a deserted nest of our common 
“wild rabbit” (Lepus sylvaticus), 1 found 31 Corticaria serrata, 
together with what I suppose was their larve. They were feed- 
ing on the epithelial scales and other debris of the rabbit. With 
them were two other species. See Revision of Family, by H. C. 
Fall, “Trans,” XXVI, 1899, pp. 101-190. 


LROGO SEDI AL. 
Mostly elongate cylindrical or elongate flat species that live 
under the bark of dead trees. 
NEMOSOMA. 
N. cylindricum Lec. 
ALINDRIA. 
A. cylindricaServ. 
31 


138 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


TROGOSITA. 
T. virescens Fab. 
This species has been introduced with logs brought to the saw 
mills I think. 

TENEBRIOIDES. 
T. mauritanica Linn. T. castanea JAZelsh. 
T. dubia Melsh. T. bimaculata Melsh. 
T. marginata Beauv. 

GRYNOCHARIS. 


G. 4-lineata Mels. 


This is a very rare species. I have only taken three. 


MONOTOMA. 
M. producta Lec. M. fulvipes dZels. 
M. picipes Hbst. 
HESPEROBENUS, 


H. rufipes Lec. 


EUROPS. 
FE. pallipennis Lec. 
BACTRIDIUM. 
B. ephippigerum Guer. B. striolatum Leeit. 


DERODONTID-. 
Our only species of the family is very abundant in fungi. 


DERODONTUS. 
D. maculatus Wels. 


BY RRELIDAE 
“Pill Beetles.” 


Some of the genus Byrrhus, when they have their pubescence 
perfect, are a pill the Coleopterist likes to take into his bottle. 
Only two species occur here, they are 


NOSODENDRON. 
N. unicolor Say. 


LIMNICHUS. 
LOsp. 
GEORYSSID/. 


Small round coarsely punctured black beetles that live on the 
32 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 139 


muddy shores of streams. They cover themselves with mud, so 
they are very difficult to see, consequently but few of our col- 
lectors get them. Our only species is 


GEORYSSUS. 
G. pusillus Lec. 


PARNID. 


This is an aquatic family, that live submerged in running water, 
clinging to flat stones or logs. Their larvee are flat, thin creatures 
that do not look like the larve of an insect. I have found the 
seven species that we take here, together with the larve of some 
of them, adhering to submerged logs and stones in the swift run- 
ning water of Mill Creek and the Little Miami river. By taking 
an old limb or rough stone from the water at a suitable locality 
and placing it in the sun, the insects will move as the water dries 
off, although at first nothing can be seen of them, so perfectly do 
they resemble the surface on which they rest. In Trans., V. 3, 
1870, p. 29. Dr. Horn has a synoptic paper on them. 


BEE ROCERIDAS. 


A family of rather elongate, convex, pubescent, mud colored 
beetles, that burrow in the mud. The foretibiz are broad and flat- 
tened, enabling the insect to dig out of sight with great celerity. 
When the mud flat in which they are concealed is shaken or water 
poured over it, they rush out of their burrows and take flight. 
Dr. Horn has an admirable paper on the N. A. species in Trans., 
Wome VAT Sp: °k, 

HETEROCERUS. 

H. ventralis Mels. H. collaris Kies. 

H. undatus Wels. H. pusillus Say. 

H. brunneus JZels. 


DASCYEEMD A. 


A family of rather soft texture and small size, variable in color. 
Some are found on dead timber. One species of Ectopria, I have 
found clinging to a stone submerged in a swift running creek, 
June 20. | 

PTILODACTYLA. 
P. angustata Horn. 
EUCINETUS. 
E. oviformis Lec. FE. terminalis Lec. 
E. morioLec. 


140 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


ECTOPRIA, 
E. nervosa Melsh. 
PRIONOCYPHON. 
P. discoideus Say. 


HELODES. 
H. pulchella Guer. ; H. thoracica Guer. 
H. fuscipennis Guer. 
SCIRTES. 
S. tibialis Guer. S. orbiculatus Fab. 
' CYPHON. 
C. ruficollis Say. C. variabilis Thunb. 


C. obscurus Guer. 
See Horn’s paper, Trans., 1880, V. 8, p. 76. 


RHIPICERID/E. 
ZENOA. 
Z. picea Beauv. 


SANDALUS. 

S. niger Knoch. S. petrophya Knoch. 

For note on life history of Sandalus niger, see paper I published 
in this journal, Vol. XIX, No. 5, p. 172. I do not know of any 
complete paper up to date, on the N. A. members of this family. 
Dr. Horn has a synopsis of Sandalus, Trans. 1881, Vol. 9, p..86. 


ELATERIDAZ. 


This great family is richly represented here. The N. A. species 
are much in need of a revision to include the new species discoy- 
ered since Le Conte’s paper, Trans. Amer. Philosophical Soc., 
1853. N. Series, vol. x, pp. 405-508. The Eucneminac, Cerophy- 
tinae and Perothopinae have been done in an admirable manner 
by Dr. Horn. Trans., January, 1886, pp. 5-58. 

The Elaters are popularly known as “Spring beetles,” “Click 
beetles” and “Snapping bugs.” Their larvae live mostly in decay- 
ing wood and in the ground, on plant roots, and are called “wire 
worms.” The adult beetles are found in a great variety of places, 
on the trunks and foliage of trees, under bark, and early in the 
Spring, under stones, on the ground, etc. Our species are: 


MELASIS, 
M. pectinicornis Welsh. 


From a beech log about four feet long I took 50 specimens, that 
were emerging from round holes they had made. May 27, 1892. 


34 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 141 


THAROPS, 

T. ruficornis Say. 
STETHON. 

S. pectorosus Lec. 


A rare species I found here years ago, feeding on fungus that 
was growing on the underside of a poplar log. Miss Braun found 
it under bark, Igol. 

EUCNEMIS. 


E. americana Horn. 


Have only seen three specimens, all taken on dead beech. 


DELTOMETOPUS. 
D. ameenicornis Say. D. rufipes Mels. 
DROMZOLUS. 
D. cylindricollis Say. D. harringtoni Horn. 
FORNAX. 
EF. badius Melsh. I. molestus Bonv. 
F. calceatus Say. IF. orchesides Newm. 
F, hornu Bonv. 


ENTOMOPHTHALMUS. 
E. rufiolus Lec. 


MICRORHAGUS. 
M. pectinatus Lec. M. bonvouloiri Horn. 
M. audax Horn. M. humeralis Say. 
M. subsinuatus Lec. M. triangularis Say. 


M. impressicollis Bonv. 


All found running about dead timber in the sunshine, or resting 
in the crevices later in the day. 


HY POCCELUS. 

H. frontosus Say. H. terminalis Lec. 
NEMATODES. 

N. atropos Say. N. penetrans Lec. 


The members of the Excnemine above, have not the power so 
developed, as have the more typical Elaters, of “snapping,” 
“clicking” or springing up in the air, when laid on their backs. 


ADELOCERA. 
A. impressicollis Say. A. aurorata Lec. 
A. marmorata Fab. A. maculata Lec. 
A. discoidea Web. A. avita Say. 


35 


142 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


CHALCOLEPIDIUS. 
C. viridipilis Say. 
ALAUS. 

A. oculatus Linn. 


HEMIRHIPUS. 
H. fascicularis Fab. 
This large handsome species was taken July 14 at Redbank, 


CARDIOPHORUS. 
C. convexus Say. 
See paper by F. Blanchard. Trans., January, 1880. 


HORISTONOTUS. 
H. curiatus Say. 


CRYPTOHYPNUS. 


C. pulchellus Linn. C. perplexus Horn. 
C. pectoralis Horn. C. xstivus Horn. 


C. obliquatulus IJels. 
C., undescribed species, allied to C. striatulis. 
CEDOSTETHUS. 
O. femoralis Lec. 


ANCHASTUS. 

A. binus Say. 

MONOCREPIDIUS. 
M. lividus De). M. auritus Hbst. 
M. suturalis Lec. M. bellus Say. 
M. vespertinus Fab. 

ISCHIODONTUS. 

I. soleatus Say. 


ELATER. 


hepaticus Melsh. EB, lesus. Lee: 
pedalis Cand. | E. impolitus, Welsh. 
nigricollis Hbst. E. rubricollis Hbst. 
linteus Say. E. obliquus Say. 
discoideus Fab. 


DRASTERLUS. 
D. elegans Fab. 
MEGAPENTHES. 

M. limbalis Wbst. 


LUDIUS. 
L. attenuatus Say. L. abruptus Say. 


36 


> > 


ela ge a 


>>> 


Yn 


CG: ©) 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 143 


ORTHOSTETHUS. 
O. infuscatus Germ. 


AGRIOTES. 
. mancus Say. A. pubescens Melsh. 
. oblongicollis Melsh. 
GLYPHONYX. 
. Tecticollis Say. G. testaceus Melsh. 
MELANOTUS. 

. corticinus Say. M. paganus Chd. 

acer wee. M. pertinax Say. 

. decumanus Er, M. americanus Hbst. 

. fissilis Say. M. insipiens Say. 

. communis Gyll. M. gradatus Lec. 

. exuberans Lec. M. morosus Cand. 

. parumpunctatus Melsh. M. sagittarius Lec. 

. verberans Lec. 

LIMONIUS. 

. auripilis Say. L. quercinus Say. 
aurifer Lec. L. maculicollis Mots. 
griseus Beauv. L. agonus Say. 

. interstitialis Melsh. L. ornatipennis Lec. 

. confusus Lec. 

CAMPYLUS. 


C. denticornis Kby. 


ATHOUS. 
. brightwelli Kby. A. posticus Melsh. 
. acanthus Say. A. rufifrons Rand. 


. scapularis Say. 


LEPTOSCHEMA, 
L. bicolor Lec. 
BLADUS. 
B. quadricallis Rand. 


NOTHODES. 
N. dubitans Lec. 

SERICOSOMUS. 
. silaceus Say. S. flavipennis Mots. 

CORYMBITES. 
. vernalis Hentz. C. ethiops Hbst. 
. cylindriformis Hbst. C. hamatus Say. 
. divaricatus Lec. C. splendens Ziegl. ° 
. pyrrhos Hbst. C. inflatus Say. 


Si 


¢ 


144 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


C. bivittatus Melsh. C. planatus Lec. 

C. tarsalis Melsh. C. crassus Lec. 

C. copei Horn. C. rotundicollis Say. 
C. sulcicollis Say. 


Some of these are very rare, as C. cope. I have only seen two 
specimens. C. vernalis lives in the clay clinging to the roots of 
trees that have been uprooted by storms. It appears in March 
and April. March 23, 1902, I took what I think was its larve, by 
digging in the clay-covered roots of an upturned beech tree. Mrs. 
Braun found C. hamatus on the foliage of honey locust June 1, 
1902. 


ASAPHES. 
A. indistinctus Lec. A. memnonius Hbst. 
A. decoloratus Say. A. bilobatus Say. 


A. planatus Lec. 
MELANACTES. 


M. piceus De G. M. puncticollis Lec. 
PEROTHOPS. 
P. mucida Gyll. 
CEROPHYTUM. 
C. pulsator Hald. 
This last is one of the rarest known Elaters, as well as the most 
abberrant. Its pectinate antennz are very curious. But one speci- 
men has been taken here, and that was beaten from foliage, into 


an umbrella. I have in addition to the above many Elaters without 
names, some of them very fine ones. 


EROS CIbAE. 
DRAPETES. 
D. geminatus Say. D. quadripustulatus Bonw. 
THROSCUS. 
T. punctatus Bonv. T. chevrolati Bonv. 


T. constrictor Say. 


The monograph of the THROSCID by Bonvouloir, 18509, 
is inaccessible to most students. See Horn’s synopsis of N. A 
species. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1885, vol. x11, pp. 198-208. 


BURRS iD 
“Metallic Shiners.” 


This family is not very abundant here. They are most beautiful 
metallic insects. Some of the tropical species are really magnifi- 


38 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 145 


cent. Many of the species are very destructive to trees, etc. 
Chrysobothris has killed some of our pine trees outright, and did 
considerable damage to fruit trees. I collect them on the trunks 
of dead trees and beat them from foliage into an umbrella. 
Buprestis rufipes is our most beautiful species, I have found its 
larve boring in beech and maple. During June specimens may 
be found sunning themselves on the trunks of dead beech and 
other trees. Approach them stealthily or they will drop into the 
weeds and be lost. From a single dead beech in Avondale over a 
hundred rufipes emerged or perished in the attempt. June to 
September. 
CHALCOPHORA. 


C. campestris Say. 


Abundant; cuts its way out of beech and maple in April, May 


and June. 
DICERCA. 


D. divaricata’ Say. D. obscura Fab. 
PCCILONOTA. 
P. cyanipes Say. 
BUPRESTIS. 

B. rufipes Oliv. B. striata Fab. 

B. fasciata Fab. 

The last two have been taken about lumber yards where pine 
timber was being sawed and were perhaps introduced into the 
locality. 

CINYRA. 
C. gracilipes Melsh. 
MELANOPHILA. 
M. longipes Say. 


ANTHAXIA. 
A. viridifrons Say. A. cyanella Gory. 
A. viridicornis Say. A. quercata Fab. 
CHRYSOBOTHRIS. 
C. femorata Oliv. C. sexsignata Say. 
C. floricola Gory. Cr azutea ac. 
C. pusilla Lap. C. scitula Gory. 


ACTENODES, 
A. acornis Say. 
A large unidentified species, that is perhaps new. 
39 


146 Cincinnati. Society of Natural History. 


ACM ZODERA, 
A. ornata Fab. A. culta Web. 
A. pulchella Hbst. 
PTOSIMA. 
P. gibbicollis Say. 
AGRILUS. 
A. difficilis-Gory. A. politus Say. 
A. ruficollis Fab. A. fallax Say. 


A. otiosus Say. A. obsoletoguttatus Gory. 
A. crinicornis Horn. A. subcinctus Gory. 
A. arcuatus Say. A. lecontei Saund. 
A. bilineatus Web. A. addendus Cr. 
A. granulatus Say. A. egenus Gory. 
A. acutipennis Mann. A. pusillusSay. 

TAPHROCERUS. 

T. gracilis Say. 

BRACHYS. 

B. ovata Web. B. eruginosa Gory. 
B. erosa Melsh. 

PACHYSCELUS. 
P. purpureus Say. P. levigatus Say. 


I have taken Agrilus bilineatus boring out of a solid beech tree. 
A. ruficollis bores in the stems of blackberry and raspberry. 
A. lecontei I find abundantly on honey locust. The others can be 
beaten from foliage into an umbrella. Pachyscelus purpureus 
I have taken eating holes in the leaves of wild geranium (Ge- 
ranium maculatum. ) 


LAMPYRID-. 
“Fire Flies.” 


Soft bodied insects, many of which do not resemble beetles very 
closely. They rest during the day, but in the evening become 
active and fly about. The luminous species giving off their bril- 
liant light. The life history of even many of the common species 
is unknown. Dr. Le Conte published a synopsis of N. A. species 
in Trans., 1881, vol. Ix, pp. 15-72. Since then, Dr. Horn has 
published a paper on Zaripus. Trans., 1885, vol. x11, p. 148. Our 
species are: 

LYCOSTOMUS. 
L. lateralis Melsh. 
CALOPTERON. 
C. terminale Say. C. reticulatum Fab. 


40 


bE ba bs 


BoE 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 147 


LOPHEROS. 
L. fraternus Rand. 
EROS. 
thoracicus [eand. E. sculptilis Say. 
mundus Say. Kk. humeralis Fab. 


aurora Hbst. 
aurora is a beautiful red species quite rare here. 


PLATEROS. 
modestus Say. P. floralis Melsh. 
canaliculatus Say. 
CALOCHROMUS. 


C. perfacetus Say. 


POLYCLASIS. 
P. bifaria Say. 


Superficially this species resembles the next, but it is quite 
different. I find them resting on trunks of trees in shady woods. 


~ 


UU 


ge 


LUCIDOTA. 
LL... .atra: Fab. 
ELLYCHNIA. 
E. corrusca Linn. 


PYROPYGA. 
nigricans Say. P. decipiens Harr. 
PYRACTOMENA. 
angulata Say. P. marginellus Lec. 
lucifera Melsh. P. scintillans Say. 


pyralis Linn. 
PHOTURIS. 
pennsylvanica De G. P. frontalis Lec. 
PHENGODES. 
P. plumosa Oliv. 


Very rare, only one male taken. 


poy 


OMETHES. 
O. marginatus Lec. 


CHAULIOGNATHUS. 


pennsylvanica De G. C. marginata Fab. 
PODABRUS. 

tricostatus Say. P. tomentosus Say. 

rugosulus Lec. P. protensus Lec. 


basilaris Say. 
41 


148 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


SILIS. 
S. percomis Say. 


TELEPHORUS. 

. rectus Melsh. 
flavipes Lec. 
scitulus Say. 
pusillus Lec. 
bilineatus Say. 


dentiger Lec. 
excavatus Lec. 
fraxini Say. 
carolinus Fab. 
lineola Fab. 


Fe ie eae 


DITEMNUS. 
D. bidentatus Say. 


TRYPHERUS. 


T. latipennis Germ. 


MALTHINUS. 
M. flavicollis Lec. 


MALTHODES. 
M. exilis Wels. 


These insects make very unsatisfactory looking specimens at 
best. Some methods of preparation are much better than others. 
Collect them dry, pin with good black pins, hold the head thorax 
and elytra in position until dry, and dry quickly. All of the smaller 
species should be mounted on paper triangles. A little alcoholic 
sol. of carbolic acid or corrosive sublimate injected into the soft 
abdominal parts is good. 


MALACHIID. 


Small, rather soft bodied beetles that occur on vegetation. But 
little is known of their life history. Synopsis by Horn. Trans., 
1872) vol: iL, p. 70: 

COLLOPS. 


C. quadrimaculatus Fab. 
ANTHOCOMUS. 
A. erichsoni Lec. 
PSEUDEB-EUS. 
PP) bicolor Tec. 
ATTALUS. 
A. morulus Lec. A. scincetus Say. 


A. humeralis Lec. 
MELYRIS. 


M. cribratus Lec. 
42 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 149 


CLERIDZ:. 


The clerids are an enterprising and interesting family. I find 
most of the species about dead timber. A few occur on foliage. 
Synopsis by Le Conte. Ann. Lyc., 1849, vol. v, p. 9. 


ELASMOCERUS. 
FE. terminatus Say. 


TILLUS: 
T. collaris Spin. 
Only one of this species has been taken here. 
CYMATODERA. 


C. brunnea Melsh. C. undulata Say. 
C. bicolor Say. 
PRIOCERA. 


P. castanea Newnn. 


A rare species, taken under bark. 


TRICHODES. 
T. quadrimaculatus Say. T. ichneumoneus Fab. 
T. analis Lec. T. thoracicus Oliv. 


T. rosmarus Say. 
THANEROCLERUS. 


T. sanguineus Say. 


HYDNOCERA, 
unifasciata Say. H. pedalis Lec. 
subenea Spin. H. verticalis Say. 
humeralis Say. H. tabida Lec. 
pallipennis Say. H. longicollis Ziegl. 


a Foo or 


PHYLLOBENUS. 
P. dislocatus Say. 
ICHNEA. 
I. laticornis Say. 
CHARIESSA, 
C. pilosa Forst. 
CREGYA. 
C. oculata Say. Cramixta Lee: 
I have beaten a number of Cregya from osage orange hedges. 


ORTHOPLEURA, 
©. damicornis Fab. 
43 


150 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


NECROBIA. 


N. rufipes Fab. N. violaceus Linn. 
N. ruficollis Fab. 


I have taken Necrobia on an old decaying animal skin. 


PTIN TIDAL: 
PTINUS. 
P. fur Linn. P. quadrimaculatus Melsh. 
P. brunneus Duft. 
EUCRADA. 


E. humeralis Melsh. 
Abundant on trunks of dead beech. 
ERNOBIUS. 
E. mollis Linn. 
OLIGOMERUS. 
O. sericans Melsh. O. alternans Lec. 
SITODREPA. 
S. panicea Linn. 
Found abundantly in drugs, etc. 
HADROBREGMUS. 
H. carinatus Say. H. linearis Lec. 
TRICHODESMA. 
T. gibbosum Say. 
ANOBIUM, 
A. notatum Say. 
TRYPOPITYS. 
T. sericeus. Say. 
PETALIUM. 
P. bistriatum Say. 


EUPACTUS. 

FE. nitidus Lec. 

XYLETINUS. 

X. peltatus Harr. X. fucatus Lec. 

HEMIPTYCHUS. 
H. punctatus Lec. H. ventralis Lec. 
H. gravis Lec. H. castaneus Ham. 
H. borealis Lec. 


44 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 151 


DORCATOMA. 
D. setuiosum Lec. 
CAENOCARA, 
CG. oculatay Say: 
PTILINUS. 
P. ruficornis Say. P. thoracicus Rand. 
EUCERATOCERUS. 
E. hornii Lec. 


ENDECATOMUS. 


FE. reticulatus Hbst. E. rugosus Rand. 
SINOXYLON. 
S. basilare Say. S. bidentatum Horn. 
S. sextuberculatum Lec. 
BOSTRYCHUS. 
B. bicornis Web. B. truncaticollis Lec. 
DINODERUS. 
D. punctatus Say. 
PYCTUS. 
L. striatus Jfelsh. L. opaculus Lec. 


TROGOXYLON, 
T. parallelopipedum Walsh. 

I do not know of any complete paper on the PTINIDA. Le 
Conte and Horn have papers on several sub-families and genera in 
Proc. Acad., 1865, and Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1878. 

CUBE SIDA: 
CUPES. 
C. concolor West. 


LYMEXYLID/A. 


HYLECCETUS. 
H. lugubris Say. 


Very rare here, one only. 


GIOIDAL. 


(CiSis 


C. creberrimus Mellie. C. fuscipes Mellie. 
Many unnamed species. 


45 


152 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


ENNEARTHRON. 
E.. thoracicornis Zieg. E. vitulus Mann. 
CERACIS. 
C. sallei Mellie. 
RHIPIDANDRUS. 


R. paradoxus Beauv. 


The minute cioids I have found abundantly on fungus. 


SPHINDIDZAS. 
SPHINDUS. 
S. denticollis Lec. 


This species occurs on fungus. 


LUCANIDZ. 
“The Stag Beetles. * 


The larve of our species live in decaying wood. Chas. Fuchs 
in Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 1882, vol. v, p. 49, has a good synopsis 
of the family. : 

LUCANUS. 
L. elaphus Fab. L. placidus Say. 
I.. dama Fab. 
DORCUS. 


D. parallelus Say. 


PLATYCERUS. 
P. quercus Webr. 
PASSALUS, 

P. cornutus Fab. 


L. elaphius is rare here, the others common. While in the British 
Museum some years ago, a specialist, who was working on the 
LUCANID/, expressed a wish for some fresh Passalus, for dis- 
section. On my return to Ohio, I sent some in a small box by mail. 
About a month after my box, like the proverbial cat in the song, 
“came back,’ and stamped on it in red letters, were these words: 
“Suspected to be potato beetles, not allowed entry.” The speci- 
mens had been examined very carefully, and after due deliberation, 
they decided that a dead Passalus cornutus was a living “potato 
beetle”! 


46 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 153 
SCARABAID. © 


An extensive family of large insects. Some of the tropical 
forms are giants of the beetle tribe. MDyzastes, sometimes called 
the ‘‘Rhinoceros beetle,’’ is our largest coleopteron. Its larva is 
a huge grub of a dirty yellowish color, and feeds on decaying 
wood. One of the peculiarities of this species is the very power- 
ful and strange odor given off by the adult beetle. Ina Bulletin 
of U.S. Dept. of Agriculture; New Series No. 36, page 28, isa 
paper on the species, with most superb figures of the larva and 
pupa, naturalsize. Incollecting the coprophagous Scarabeide by 
throwing the dung, in which many species live, into a bucket of 
water they will come out and can thus be cleaned, before being 
put into the bottle. 


CANTHON. 
C. depressipennis Lec. C. chalcites Hadd. 
C. vigilans Lec. C. viridis Beauv. 


C. levis Drury. 


Some of these are skillful ball rollers. Specimens of C. viridis 
from Texas are bright green, ours are always rich bronze. They 
live in fungus. The species is rare here. 


CHGERIDIUM. 
C. histeroides Wedér. 


COPRIS. 
C. minutus Drury. C. carolina L727. 
C. anaglypticus Say. 
PHAN HUS. 


P. carnifex £77272. 


ONTHOPHAGUS. 

O. hecate Panz. O. striatulus Beauv. 
O. janus Panz. O. subzeneus Beauv. 
O. orpheus Pazz. O. pennsylvanicus /aro/d. 

ZEGIALIA. 

A. conferta Horn. 

ATAENIUS. 
A. gracilis Welsh. A. abditus Hadd. 
A. stercorator Fad. AY PUugiceps asp: 


47 


154 Cincinnati Soctety of Natural History. 


A species of Atenius which I have taken here I think new and 
propose for it the name A. rugiceps, and describe it as follows : 

Color, brown. ‘The thorax darker and more shining than ely- 
tra. Entire front of head rugose; posterior part with a shallow 
punctured transverse groove. Clypeus emarginate in front. 
Thorax with sparse, scattered, very coarse punctures and a shal- 


Atenius rugiceps, Ns Sp. 


low coarsely punctured groove, extending from base to middle. 
Front and hind thoracic angles prominent, sides arcuate and with 
a narrow margin extending across base and along sides to front 
angles. Elytra slightly narrower than thorax, sides straight, tips 
conjointly rounded. Striz deep, impunctured, with sides of 
strie feebly crenate. Abdomen with very minute punctures. 
Segments very prominent and rounded, sutures between them 
crenate. Mesosternum carinate between coxe. Length 3-5 mm. 
One specimen. Cincinnati, O. 


PLEUROPHORUS. 


Pleurophorus ventralis Horn. 


I took specimens of this species here in 1880, and sent them to 
Dr. Horn, who named it “Atentus, n. sp.’ In Monograph of 
the Aphodiini, Trans. 1887, page 92, he describes it under the 
above name. I have what I think to be male and female of this 
remarkable species. 


48 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 155 


DIAL YES: 


D. striatulus Say. 


APHODIUS. 


A. fimetarius Linn. A. stercorosus Melsh. 
A. crassulus Horn. A. lentus Horn. 
A. ruricola Melsh. A. terminalis Say. 
A. granarius Linn. A. bicolor Say. 
A. serval Say. A. femoralis Say. 
A. inquinatus [Hbst. A. oblongus Say. 
A. rubeolus Beauv. 

BOLBOCERUS. 


B. tumefactus Beauv. B. lazarus Fabr. 
ODONTEUS. 

O. filicornis Say. O. cornigerus JZels. 
GEOTRUPES, 

G. splendidus Fabr. G. blackburnii Fabr. 

G. semiopacus Jeckel. G: is var. jecklit Horn. 


Splendidus I have only taken in fungus, the others in excrement. 
CLOOTUS. 
C. aphodiodes /7/1. C. globosus Say. 
NICAGUS. 
N. obscurus Lec, 


PROX 
T. scutellaris Say. T. capillaris Say. 
T. monachus Hbst. T. unistriatus Beauv. 
ad wasperdec: T. foveicollis Harold. 
T. suberosus Fabr. Leterrestris Say, 
T. punctatus Germ. T. equalis Say. 
T. tuberculatus De G. T. scaber Linn. 


Trox are abundant on dead animal remains. I have taken 
capillaris, unistriatus and fovetcollis on an old hide of Virginia 
deer. 


HOPLIA. 
H. debilis Lec. H. modesta Hald. 
DICHELONYCHA. 
D. bivittata Lec. D. fuscula Lee. 
D. testacea Kby. 
SERICA. 
vespertina Gyll. Seasericea 111: 


nin 


iricolor Say. 
49 


156 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


MACRODACTYLUS. 
M. subspinosus fab. M. angustatus Beauv. 
DIPLOTAXIS. 

D. harperi Blanch. D. frondicola Say. 
LACHNOSTERNA. 

L. ephelida Say. L. villifrons Lec. 

IL, gibbosa Burm. L. ilicis Knoch. 

L. fusca Froh. L. crenulata Froh. 

L. “ var.arcuata Smuth. L. quercus Knoch. 

L. “ var. brevicollis Burm.  L. inversa Horn. 

L. fraterna J7arr: ieetristiss ou. 

L. rugosa Mels. L. hornii Smith. 

L. hirticula Anoch. L. albina Burm. 

L. comans Burm. 


ANOMALA. 
A. binotata Gyll. A. lucicola Fabr. 
‘A. minuta Bari. A. marginata Fab. 
A. undulata Mfelsh. 


STRIGODERMA. 
S. arboricola Fab. 
PELIDNOTA. 
P. punctata Linn. 
COTALPA. 
C. lanigera Linn. 
CYCLOCEPHALA. 
C. villosa Burm. 
CHALEPUS. 
C. trachypygus Buri. 


LIGYRUS. 
L. ruginasus Lec. Le pyritormis Lec. 
L. relictus Say. L. tridentatus Say. 


XYLORYCTES. 
X. satyrus Fab. 
DYNASTES. 
D. tityus Linn. 
PHILEURUS. 
P. valgus Fabr. 
; ALLORHINA. 
A. nitida Linn. 
50 


NT 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 15 


EUPHORIA. 
E. sepulchralis Fab. KE. inda Linn. 
E. fulgida Fab. 
CREMASTOCHILUS. 
C. knochii Lec. C. variolosus Kby. 


OSMODERMA. 
©. eremicola Knoch. O. scabra Beauv. 
GNORIMUS. 
G. maculosus Anoch. 


TRICHIUS. 
T. piger Fab. T}bibens Fab: 
T. affinis Gory. 
VALGUS. 
V. canaliculatus Fab. V. squamiger Beauv. 


There is no complete monograph of the family SCARAB/AEID AE. 
Horn and Le Conte have excellent papers on many of the 
genera. These papers, which number 38 or more, have been pub- 
lished in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. from 1847 to 1880, but most 
of them from 1870 to 1880. In 1887 Dr. Horn revised Lachno- 
sterna Trans. XIV, p. 209-296. Mr. F. Blanchard has a synopsis 
of Canthon in Trans. 1885, v. XII, p. 63. Mr. Blanchard also 
has a synopsis of Geotrupes in Psyche, 1888, v. V, p. 103. The 
latest paper on any N. A. Scarabeid genus is one by Mr. H. C. 
fall on Dichelonycha, Trans. Aug., 1901, vol. XX VII, p. 277, and 
brings the subject down to date. The species of some of the 
genera are quite troublesome to separate. This is noticeably the 
case with Lachnosterna, Diplotaxis, etc. Scarabeide are, many 
of them abundant, some of ‘the species alarmingly so. The 
larve of Lachnosterna, do great damage. The adults fly in 
swarms around electric lights. L. hornu is rare. I have taken it 
at light. JL. albina is another rare species that I have found 
only by beating a certain haw tree (May 24) that stood in a thick 
woods. And though there were many other similar trees around, 
none of them produced any albina. JL. fusca is our most abundant 
species. It is the larvee of Lachnosterna that does such damage to 
grass lands, and lawns, by eating the roots of the grass. Large 
patches are killed in this way and the grass can be rolled up like 
a carpet, leaving the ground stripped bare. They are very dif- 
ficult to combat as the larvee are out of sight in the ground and 
can not easily be reached. The larve or “grub” of Lachnosteria 
are characteristic scarabeean larvee and are figured in many works, 
such as Lugger’s 5th report Entomologist of Minn., Packard 


Bi 


158 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Guide to the Study of Insects, etc. The largest: beetle occurring 
here belongs to this family. It is called Dynastes tityus. A fine 
male was taken on Eastern avenue, this city, July I, 1900. 


SPONDYIIDYE: 
PARANDRA. 
P. brunnea Fab. P. polita Say. 


P. brunnea is common, occurring late in summer and in fall, 
polita is very rare. I chopped three out of the heart of a large 
dead beech tree, 1878, August. 


CERAMBYCID. 
The “‘long-horned beetles.” 


A family that is numerously represented by many fine species. 
Some of them are very destructive to trees. The species I have 


seen from here are 
ORTHOSOMA. 


QO. brunneum Forst. 
PRIONUS. 

P. laticollis Drury. 
SPHENOSTETHUS. 
S. taslei Bates. 

ASEMUM. 
A. meestum Hald. 
SMODICUM. 

S. cucujiforme Say. 
PHYSOCNEMUM. 
P. brevilineum Say. 
RHOPALOPUS. 

R. sanguinicollis Horn. 
HYLOTRUPES. 

H. ligneus Fab. 
PHY MATODES. 


P. variabilis Fab. P. varius fab. 


P. amcenus Say. 
CALLIDIUM. . 


C. antennatum Newm.  . C. ianthinum Lec. 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 159 


DRYOBIUS. 
D. sexfasciatus Say. 


This is one of our most beautiful and graceful species. In 
former years it was abundant, but is now rare. Its larvze bore in 
beech and maple. I have trapped them by nailing slabs of loose 
bark on the dead tree trunks, and visiting them every few days. 
Holding an inverted umbrella under the slab, to catch the beetles, 
when the bark was disturbed as they would drop to the ground. 
June and July. 


CHION. 
C. cinctus Drury. C.cinctus var. garganicus Fwd. 
EBURIA. 


E. quadrigeminata Say. 


ROMALEUM. 


R. atomarium Drury. 


ELAPHIDION. 


E. irroratum Fab. E. villosum Fab. 

E. mucronatum Fab. E. parallelum Newm. 

E. incertum Hald. FE. unicolor Rand. 
TYLONOTUS. 


T. bimaculatus Hald. 
HETERACHTHES. 
H. quadrimaculatus Nezwn. 
PHYTON. 
P. pallidum Say. 
Beaten from dead osage orange. June. 


' OBRIUM. 
O. rubrum Nez. O. rubidum Lec. 
Of the latter only one specimen. 


MOLORCHUS. 
M. bimaculatus Say. 
CALLIMOXYS. 
C. sanguinicollis Oliv, 
RHOPALOPHORA, 
R. rugicollis Lec. 
PURPURICENUS. 
P. humeralis Fab. P. var. axillaris Hald. 
53 


160 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


BATYLE. 
B. suturalis Say. 


STENOSPHENUS. 
S. notatus Oliv. 
CYLLENE. 
C. picta Drury. C. robinize Forst. 
Look for C. picta on honey locust in June and July, and C. 
robimiae on golden rod in September. 
PLAGIONOTUS. 
P. speciosus Say. 
ARHOPALUS, 
A. fulminans Fabr. 
XYLOTRECHUS. 
colonus Fab. i, oS convervens, ec: 
. nitidus Horn. 
X. nitidus is very rare here, three only. 


NEOCLYTUS. 
N. scutellaris Oliv. N. erythrocephalus Fab. 
On a diseased tulip tree near my house N. erythrocephalus was 


ovipositing, Aug. 8, 1892. 
CLYTANTHUS. 


C. ruricola Oliv. C. albofasciatus Lap. 
I beat the latter sp. from wild grape. 
CYRTOPHORUS. 
C. verrucosus Oliv. 
EUDERCES. 
E. picipes Lab. 
DISTENIA. 
D. undata Oliv. 
DESMOCERUS. 
D. palliatus Forst. 
This species appears here on alder when it is in blossom. 
NECYDALIS. 
N. melitus Say. 
A curious species with short wing cases. June. 
ENCYCLOPS. 
E. ceruleus Say. 
54 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 161 


CENTRODERA. 
C. sublineata Lec. 
A very rare species. I have only taken one. 


TOXOTUS. 
T. schaumii Lec. T. cinnamopterus Rand. 
T. cylindricollis Say. 
ACM AOPS. 
A. bivittata Say. 
GAUROTES. 


G. cyanipennis Say. 
BELLAMIRA. 
B. scalaris Say. 
Have taken a var. of this species jet black. 


STRANGALIA. 


S. famelica Newm. S. luteicornis Fab. 

S. acuminata Oliv. S. bicolor Swed. 
TYPOCERUS. 

T. velutinus Oliv. T. lugubris Say. 
LEPTURA. 

L. emarginata Fab. L. proxima Say. 

L. lineola Say. L. vittata Germ. 

L. chalybea Hald. IL. pubera Say. 

L. americana Hald. L. ruficollis Lec. 

L. exigua Newm. L. spheericollis Say. 

L. subargentata Kby. L. vibex Newm. 

Ee zebra-Oliv. L. aurata Horn. 

LeAetubrica +5 ay: L. mutabilis Newm. 

L. emarginata. This fine large species emerges from dead 


beech timber in June; the holes are perfectly round and some of 
them one-half an inch in diameter. Many come from a singie 
tree, yet it is very difficult to get specimens. I have only taken 
two, and Miss Braun two. 
CYRTINUS. 
C. pygmeus Hald. 
This is the smallest of the family. 


PSENOCERUS. 
P. supernotatus Say. 


MONOHAMMUS. 


M. titillator Fab. M. confusor Kby. 
M. maculosus Huld. 


55 


162 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


DORCASCHEMA. 


D. wildii Uhiler. D. nigrum Say. 

D. alternatum Say. 

The first two species occur on osage orange and mulberry. By 
beating the limbs into an inverted umbrella they can be secured, 
but wildii clings very tightly and the limbs must be struck very 
hard to disloge them. D. nigrum I find on hickory. 


HETG@MIS. 
H. cinerea Oliv. 


GOES. 
G. pulchra Hald. G. oculata Lec. 
G. debilis Lec. 
ACANTHODERES. 
A. quadrigibbus Say. A. decipiens Hald. 
LEPTOSTYLUS. 
L. aculiferus Say. L. commixtus Hald. ' 
L. parvus Lec. L. macula Say. 
LIOPUS. 
L. variegatus Hald. L. alpha Say. 
L. fascicularis Harr. ie cinereus lee: 
L. variegatus breeds in honey locust. 


DECTES. 


D. spinosus Say. 


LEPTURGES. 

L. symmetricus Hald. L.. querci Pitch: 
i angulatussiec L. facetus Say. 
L. signatus Lec. lk. regularis ice. 


The latter is rare. I have beaten it from wild grape. The others 
are common and occur on honey locust. 
HYPERPLATYS. 
H. aspersus Say. H. maculatus Hald. 
UROGRAPHIS. 
U. triangulifer Hald. U. fasciatus De G. 
The former occurs on honey locust, the latter on beech. 
ACANTHOCINUS. 
A. obsoletus Oliv. 
ECYRUS. 
E. dasycerus Say. E. exiguus Lec. 
56 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnatt. 163 


EUPOGONIUS. 

E. tomentosus Hald. E. submarginatus Lec. 
KE. vestitus Say. 

HIPPOPSIS. 

H. lemniscata Fab. 

SAPERDA. 
S. calcarata Say. S. lateralis Fab. 
S. vestita Say. S. puncticollis Say. 
S. discoidea Fab. =. concolor Lee: 
S. tridentata Oliv. 


S. calcarata depredates on poplars, bores holes into the Carolina 
poplars, causing them to break by the force of the wind. L. tri- 
dentata during the last four or five years has done incalculable 
damage in destroying the fine “white elms” (Ulimuts americana) 
around this city. As S. tridentata has always been an abundant 
species here, I can not understand why it should suddenly become 
so destructive. Might it be due to the great destruction of wood- 
peckers that has been carried on here for years? I have often 
observed the red-headed woodpeckers (and other species) cutting 
out these larve from the trunks of the trees. S. lateralis occurs 
on hickory, puncticollis on Rhus. 


MECAS. 
M. inornata Say. 


OBEREA. 
O. tripunctata Fab. O. oculata Hald. 
O. basalis Lec. O. mandarina Fab. 
O. schumii Lec. O. ruficollis Fab. 
TETROPS. 


D..jucunda: Lec. 


TETRAOPES. 
T. canteriator Drap. T. tetraophthalmus Forst. 


This last is the very common “milk weed” beetle. The former 
is quite rare here. The best papers on the “Longicorns,” is 
synopsis of Cerambycidae by Chas. W. Leng, vols. 1, 11, 1, Iv, 
Entomologica Americana and Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. vi. 
This work, which includes Leptura, was supplemented and com- 
pleted in 1896 by Mr. Leng tand Dr. Hamilton, Trans. xxuu1, 
p. to1. The Le Conte and Horn papers, in which were originally 
given many of these synoptic tables, are now out of print and 
unobtainable. The “Longicorns” have always been great favor- 
ites with collectors in all parts of the world. Some of them are 
very beautiful in form as well as color. 


57 


164 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


CHRYSOMELID-. 
‘Leaf Eaters.” 


The numerous species of this family are mostly small insects, 
many of them of brilliant colors and pretty ornamentation. They 
can be collected in great numbers with a sweeping net, and also 
by using an inverted umbrella. Holding it under the vegetation, 
which is then beaten with a stick. The literature is scattered. 
Crotch, Le Conte and Horn have published many papers (about 
60) in proceedings, Academy Natural Sciences and Trans. Amer- 
Ent. Soc., of Philadelphia, from 1851 to 1880. Since then Dr. 
Horn has published several papers on various genera in Trans. 
“Studies in Chrysomelide,” vol. x1x, p. 1; Eumolpini, 1892, vol. 
XIX, p. 195; Galerucint, 1893, vol. xx, p. 59; Halticim, 1889, vol. 
XVI, p. 163. Mr. Leng revised the Donacia Trans., 1891, XVIII, 
p. 159. As many species of this family play a very important part 
in agriculture ; they have been well studied by the Economic Ento- 
mologists, and their life histories worked out, with figures of many 
of the species and their larvee. This work has been published in 
“Tnsect Life,’ and the reports of the different state Entomologists. 
These reports can be obtained if applied for in time, by those 
interested. Our genera and species are as follows: 


DONACIA. 
D. equalis Say. 3 D. rufa Say 
D. metallica Ahrens. 


Of the 27 N. A. species and varieties of Donacia given by Mr. 
Leng, I have only taken three. This is doubtless due to want of 
suitable environment, such as lakes with lily pads and other 
aquatic vegetation. 

SYNETA. 


S. ferruginea Germ. 
LEMA, 
L. collaris Say. L. trilineata Oliv. 
ANOM(@A, 
A. laticlavia Forst. 
COSCINOPTERA. 
C. dominicana [ab. 
BABIA, 
B. quadriguttata Oliv. 


SAXINIS. 
S. omogera Lac. 
58 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 165 


CHLAMYS, 
C. plicata Fab. 
EXEMA, 
E. gibber Oliv. 

BASSAREUS, 
B. formosus Melsh. B. recurvus Say. 
B. detritus Oliv. B. lativittus Germ. 
B. mammifer Newm. 

CRYPTOCEPHALUS. 
C. quadrimaculatus Say. ~ C. venustus var. simplex Haid. 
C. quadrigtttulus Suff. C. “ var. cinctipennis Rand. 
C. quadruplex Newm. C. insertus Hald. 
C. guttulatus Oliv. C. mutabilis Melsh. 
C. venustus Fab. C. badius Suffr. 
PACHYBRACHYS, 

P. viduatus Fab. P. atomarius Melsh. 
P. trinotatus Wels. P. hepaticus Melsh. 
P. tridens Melsh. P. dilatatus Suffr. 
P. luridus Fab. 

MONACHUS. 
M. ater Hald. M. seminulum Suffr. 
M. saponatus Fab. 

DIACHUS, 
D. auratus Fab. D. chlorizans Suffr. 
D. pallidicornis Suffr. 

XANTHONTA. 
X. 10-notata Say. X. villosula Melsh. 

FIDIA. 

F, murina Cr, F. longipes Melsh. 


GLYPTOSCELIS. 
G. barbatus Say. 
MYOCHROUS. 
M. denticollis Say. 
CHRYSOCHUS, 

C. auratus Fab. 
TY MNES. 

T. bicolor Fab. 


TYPOPHORUS, 
T. viridicyaneus Cr. T. canella Fab. 
Dr. Horn suppresses all the other species given in the check lists. 
Our viridicyaneus are green, those from Texas bright blue. 


5g 


166 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 
Canella varies very much, being of all shades of color from light 
all over, to jet black, which is the form called aterrima. 
GRAPHOPS. 
G. marcassita C7. G. nebulosa Lec. 
COLASPIS. 
C. brunnea Fab. 
RHABDOPTERUS. 
R. picipes Oliv. 


This is the form given in the check lists as Colaspis praetexta. 
See Horn’s paper on Ewmolpini before referred to. 


NODONOTA. 
N. tristis Oliv. N. convexa Say. 
N. clypealis Horn. N. puncticollis Lec. 


DORYPHORA, 


D. clivicollis Kby. D. juncta Germ. 
D. decemlineata Say. 


The larve of D. juncta are different looking from decemlineata 
and only found on Physalis. June. 


CHRYSOMELA. 


C. suturalis Fab. @.scalaris Lec. 
C. similis log. C. multipunctata Say. 
C. precelsis Rog. auc. “var. bigsbyana Kby. 
C. elegans Oliv. C. multiguttata Stahl. 
GASTROIDEA, 
G. polygoni Linn. G. cyanea Melsh. 
LINA. 
L. lapponica Linn. Ie. scripta dab: 
CEROTOMA. 
C. trifurcata Forst. 
PHYLLOBROTICA. 
P. discoidea Fab. 
PHYLLECHTHRUS. 
P. gentilis Lec. 
DIABROTICA. 
D. duodecimpunctata Oliv. D. vittata Fab. 
D. longicornis Say. 
TRIRHABDA, 


T. virgata Lec. 
60 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 167 


GALERUCELLA. 


G. sexvittata Lec. G. tuberculata Say. 
G. notulata Fab. G. decora Say. 
G. nymphe Linn. 

GALERUCA. 


G. externa Say. 
BLEPHARIDA. 
B. rhois Forst. 
HYPOLAMPSIS. 
H. pilosa J1). 


PH-EDROMUS. 
P. paradoxus Melsh. 


G:DIONYCHIS. 
O. gibbitarsis Say. ©. thyamoides C7. 
O. vians Il. O. sexmaculata JI. 
O. thoracica Fab. ©. limbalis Melsh. 
O. petaurista Fab. 
DISONYCHA. 
D. pennsylvanica Il. D. discoidea Fab. 
D. caroliniana Fab. D. xanthomelena Dahl. 
D. glabrata Fab. D. mellicollis Say. 
D. abbreviata Mels. D. collata Fab. 
SPH ZRODERMA. 
5) opimia, Lec 
HALTICA. 
H. chalybea J7I. H. fuscoznea Mels. 
H. ignita Jl. He burgestiCr. 
H. carinata Germ. 
TRICHALTICA. 
T. scrabricula Cr. 
ORTHALTICA. 
O. copalina Fab. 
| CREPIDODERA. 
C. rufipes Linn. C. atriventris Melsh. 
C. helxines Linn. 
EPITRIX. 
Bi fuscula Cr. E. cucumeris Harr. 
E. lobata Cr. E. parvula Fab. 
MANTURA. 


M. floridana. Cr. 
61 


168 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


CHETOCNEMA. 
C. protensa Lec. C. parcepunctata Cyr. 
C. denticulata /lhg. C. confinis Cr. 
SYSTENA. 
S. hudsonias forst. S. senilis Say. 


APHTHONA. 
A. insolita Wels. 


PHYLLOTRETA. 
sinuata Steph. P. bipustulata Fab. 
vittata Fab. PB. picta,S ay. 
LONGITARSUS. 
turbatus Horn. L. solidaginis Horn. 
testaceus Mels. 


wit 


nak 


GLYPTINA. 
G. spuria Lec. 
DIBOLIA. 
D. borealis Chev. 
PSYLLIODES. 

Pe -comvexior zc. 
MICRORHOPALA. 
M. porcata Melsh. 
ODONTOTA. 


©. dorsalis Thunb. O. nervosa Pane. 
O. rubra Web. 
OCTOTOMA. 


O. plicatula Fab. 
STENISPA, 
Simetallicas lao: 
CASSIDA, 

C. bivittata Say. 
COPTOCYCLA. 


C. aurichalcea Fab. C. purpurata Boh. 
C. guttata Ohw. C. clavata Fab. 


CHELYMORPHA. 
C. argus Licht. 
Octotoma plicatula is a very curious species. I have found it 
abundantly on the “Trumpet flower” (Tecoma radicans). 
Coptocycla is abundant on the “wild morning glory” (Caly- 
stegia sepmum). It is of the most beautiful golden hue, when fresh, 


62 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 169 


but when touched, begins to fade, and after death loses all of its 
golden color. Muicrorhopala is very rare here. 


BRUCHID-. 
“Pod Weevels.” 


Some of this family do considerable damage to beans, peas, etc. 
Dr. Horn has a fine synopsis of the family in Trans. American 
Ent. Soc., 1873, vol. Iv, pp. 311-342. 


SPERMOPHAGUS. 
S. robiniae Sch. 


BRUCHUS. 


B. pisi Linn. B. obsoletus Say. 
B. mimus Say. B. hibisei Oliv. 
B. discoideus Say. B. musculus Say. 


B. bivulneratus Horn. 


TENEBRIONID-. 
“Dark ground beetles.” 


Of this large and varied family we have comparatively few 
species. Their metropolis being the semi-desert and sandy regions 
of the West. Dr. Horn published a monog. of the family in Trans. 
Amer. Philos. Soc., 1870, new series, vol. XIV, pp. 253-404, a paper 
now hard to get. Since then the same author and Dr. Le Conte 
have published synoptic tables of a number of genera in Trans. 
Amer. Ent. Soc., scattered from 1866 to 1880. Maj. T. L. Casey 
has a number of synoptic tables in the Ann. N. Y. Acad., 1890-91. 
Some of these treat of genera to which our local species belong. 


NYCTOBATES. 
N. pennsylvanicus De G. N. barbatus Knoch. 


The first occurs in great numbers under the loose bark of trees, 
the other is rare here, and differs in being smaller with much 
coarser punctures. 

HAPLANDRUS. 


H. femoratus Fab. 
SCOTOBATES. 
S. calcaratus Fab. 
XYLOPINUS. 
X. saperdioides Fab. 
63 


170 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


TENEBRIO. 


T. obscurus Fab. T. castaneus Knoch. 
T. molitor Linn. T. tenebrioides Beauv. 
ADELINA. 
A. pallida Say. 
OPATRINUS, 


O. notus Say. 


TRIBOLIUM. 


T. ferrugineum Fab. T. confusum Duv. 
In package of buckwheat flour I found thousands of confusum 
and its larvee, Sep. 
DICEDUS. 


D. punctatus Lec. 
ECHOCERUS. 
E. maxillosus Fab. 


ALPHITOBIUS. 
A. diaperinus Pang. 


THARSUS. 
T. seditiosus Lec. 


ULOMA. 
U. impressa Melsh., U. imberbis Lec. 


EUTOCHIA. 
E. picea Melsh, 
ANZEDUS. 
A. brunneus Ziegl. 
PARATENETUS. 
P. punctatus Sol. P. fuscus Lec. 
PRATEUS. 
P. fuscula Lec. 
DIAPERIS. 
D. hydni Fab. 
HOPLOCEPHALA. 
H. bicornis Oliv. 


PLATYDEMA. 


P. excavatum Say. P. ellipticum Fab. 
P. ruficornis Sturm. P. picilabrum JZelsh. 
P. flavipes Fab. P. subcostatum Lap. 


64 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 171 


PHYLETHUS. 
P. bifasciatus Say. 


HY POPHLEUS. 
H. thoracicus Melsh. H. parallelus Melsh. 


H. thoracicus was emerging from dead beech October 3, 1900. 
I have taken here a Hypophleus which is new, and for which 1 
propose the name Hypophlaus rugosus. I took the species years 
ago and gave specimens to Drs. Horn and Le Conte, who then 
pronounced it new. I have not heard that it has been described. 
Its characters are as follows: 


Hypophleus rugosus n. sp. 


Dark brown, subshining, linear. Thorax slightly longer than 
wide, squarely truncate in front and behind, sides arcuate, angles 
obtuse, coarsely punctured. Interstices forming longitudinal rug 
more evident in front and at sides. Elytra conjointly rounded at 
tip,obsoletely striate and densely punctate, punctures finer than 
those of thorax. Head evenly and finely puntured with a shallow 
constriction behind the eyes, which are very prominent. Antenne 
(including four-jointed club), ten-jointed. Length, 3.8 mm. 
Eight specimens. Cincinnati, Ohio. 


PENTAPHYLLUS. 
P. pallidus Lec. 


BOLITOTHERUS. 
B. bifurcus Fab. 
BOLETOPHAGUS. 
B. corticola Say. 
HELOPS. 
H. micans Fab. H. cisteloides Gavm. 
MERACANTHA. 
M. contracta Beauv. 
65 


172 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


STRONGYLIUM. 
S. terminatum Say. S. crenatum Makl. 


Crenatum is a rare and beautiful species. I have beaten speci- 
mens from the dead branches of Haw tree, June 22, 1900, and June 
26, I9Ol. 


CISL ELIDAL: 


Maj. Casey has published a synopsis of this family in annals of 
N. Y. Acad. Sciences, 1891, vol. v1, pp. 69-170. 


ALLECULA. 
A. nigrans Melsh. 


HYMENORUS. 
H. obscurus Say. H. humeralis Lec, 
H. niger Mels. H. difficilis Casey. 
H. rufipes Lec. 
CISTELA. 
C. brevis Say. C. ameena Say. 
ISOMIRA. 
I. quadristriata Coup. I. ruficollis Ham. 
I. valida Sz. 
MYCETOCHARA. 
M. haldemani Lec. M. tenuis Lec. 
M. fraterna Say. M. marginata Lec. 
M. foveata Lec. M. binotata Say. 
M. gilvipes Csy. M. gracilis Lec. 
M. megalops Csy. M. laticollis Lec. 


This was once a very rich locality for Mycetochara. I found 
them in numbers on the trunks of dead trees. They are brittle 
insects, breaking easily when handled. To get them perfect, they 
should be picked up gently, not an easy thing to do, as they run so 
rapidly and are not easily caught. They feed on fungus. I have 
a species which I believe to be new and for which I propose the 
name: 


Mycetochara horni n. sp. 


Color testaceus, head and thorax darker. Legs paler. Anterior 
coxz very large and approximate. Elytra slightly wider behind 


66 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 173 


from middle. Separately rounded at tips. Striae moderately deep, 
punctured and clothed with sparse, long, yellow, recumbent hairs. 
Thorax wider than long, narrower than elytra at humeri, broadly 
rounded in front, explanate at sides from apex to base, more 
broadly at hind angles, which are obtusely rounded. Base almost 
squarely truncate, disk with a broad shallow grove from base to 
apex. Punctures rather coarser than those of elytra. Head still 
more coarsely and deeply punctured. Eyes very large and prom- 
inent, as large or larger in proportion than those of megalops 
Casey, separated by the width of their narrowest diameter. Body 
below rather coarsely and sparsely punctured. A large species, as 
large or larger than the largest binotata. Length 7.8mm. Cincin- 
nati, Ohio. I have seen two specimens. In looking at it years 
ago Dr. Horn thought it new, and I have not seen any description 
of it, so I dedicate it to him. 
CAPNOCHROA. 


C. fuliginosa Melsh. 


ANDROCHIRUS. 
A. fuscipes Melsh. A. erythropus Kby. 
A. femoralis Ohv. 
LAGRIID-. 
ARTHROMACRA, 


A. enea Say. 


STATIRA. 
S. splendens Melsh. S. gagatina Melsh., 


Dr. Horn has a synopsis of this family. Trans. 1888, vol. xv, p. 
28. I find them by beating vegetation into an inverted umbrella. 
May and June. 


MELANDRYID-A. 
TETRATOMA, 
T. truncorum Lec. T. tessellata Melsh. 
PENTHE. 
P. obliquata Fab. P. pimelia Fab. 


P. obliquata differs from the other by having the scutellum 
covered with orange colored hairs. 
SYNCHROA. 
S. punctata Newm. 
MALLODRYA. 
M. subzenea Horn. 
I discovered this new genus here in 1887. Dr. Horn described 
67 


174 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


it in Trans. April, 1888, vol. xv., p. 42. I beat the specimens, 
which were then abundant, from the branches of dead “‘honey 
locust.” 

MELANDRYA. 


M. striata Say. 
SPILOTUS. 
S. quadripustulosus J/Zels. 
ENCHODES. 
E. sericeus Hald. 
MYSTAXUS. 
M. simulator Newm. 


HYPULUS. 


H. lituratus Say. H. concolor Lec. 
H. vandoueri Muls. 
SYMPHORA. 


S. flavicollis Hald. S. rugosa Hald. 
EUSTROPHUS, 

E. repandus Horn. Ix. tomentosus Say. 

E. bicolor Say. 


HOLOSTROPHUS. 
H. bifasciatus Say. 
HALLOMENUS. 


H. scapularis Melsh. 


ORCHESIA. 
O. castanea Mels. O. gracilis Muls. 
CANIFA, 
C. plagiata Melsh. C. pallipes Melsh. 
C. pusilla Hald. 
NOTHUS. 


N. varians Lec. 
LACCONOTUS. 
L. punctatus Lec. 


Dr. Horn has published synopses of Hypulus, Eustrophus, 
Holostrophus and Orchesia in Trans., 1888, vol. xv. He gave 
Mycterus and Lacconotus in same publication in 1879 (vol. 7). 
Le Conte published syn. of Hallomenus in Proc. Amer. Philos. 
50c.,,.1878, vol: 17, p. 619. 


68 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 17 


on 


PVT ELD AS. 


PYTHO. 
P. americanus Kby. 


Only this one species of this family has been taken here, and that 
years ago. 


CGEDEMERIDA. 


MICROTONUS. 
M. sericans Lec. 
NACERDES. 
N. melanura Linn. 
OXACIS. 
OWeana Lec. 
ASCLERA. 
A. ruficollis Say. A. puncticollis Say. 


MORDELLIDE. 


In this journal, October, ’92, p. 123, I published a paper enum- 
erating 53 species found here. Since then a few additions have 
been made. The locality is very rich in the family. The synop- 
sis by John B. Smith (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., July, 1882) 
is the latest and best on the subject. 


PENTARIA. 
P. trifasciata Mels. 


TOMOXIA. 

T. bidentata Say. T. hilaris Say. 
linea Lec. 

MORDELLA. 
M. borealis Lec. M. serval Say. 
M. malena Germ. M. oculata Say. 
M. scutellaris Fab. M. triloba Say. 
M. octopunctata Fab. M. undulata Mels. 
M. marginata Melsh. M. discoidea Mels. 
M. lunulata Hel. 

GLIPODES. 


G. sericans Mels. 


MORDELLISTENA. 
M. bicinctella Lec. M. varians Lec. 
M. arida Lec. M. gramica Lec. 
M. lutea Melsh. M. ustulata Lec. 


69 


176 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 
M. trifasciata Say. M. semiusta Say. 
M. lepidula Say. M. nigricans Mels. 
M. limbalis Melsh. M. pustulata Mels. 
M. biplagiata Helm. M. convicta Lec. 
M. vilis Lec. M. splendens Smith. 
M. vapida Lec. M. morula Lec. 
M. decorella Lec. M. ambusta Lec. 
M. bipustulata Hel. M. singularis Smith. 
M. picipennis Siuth. M. unicolor Lec. 
M. fulvicollis Jfelsh. M. marginalis Say. 
M. militaris Lec. M. pubescens Fab. 
M. comata Lec. M. bihamata Mels. 
M. aspersa Mels. M. liturata Mels. 
M. tosta Lec. M. fuscata Mels. 
M. amica Lec. M. suturella Helm. 
M. picilabris Hel. M. attenuata Say. 
M. infima Lec. M. discolor Mels. 


Among the unidentified species I have taken here, two are so 
distinct that I describe them as new, and characterize them as 
follows: 


Mordellistena sexnotata, Nn. sp. 


Brownish yellow, sparsely covered with coarse hairs, which 
are finer and more sparse on head. Humeri each with a very dark 
brown spot. Another in middle of elytra, beginning at base sur- 
rounding scutellum and extending backward in triangular shape 
about one third the length. A large nearly round spot on each 
elytron at middle, but not attaining suture. And a sixth spot 
or band across the elytra at posterior fourth, not attaining the tip. 
A fain darker spot on disk of thorax. Tibia with three oblique 
black ridges, the one nearest the tip being shorter. First joint 
of tarsi with two, second with one. Legs all pale, length 3 mm. 
One specimen Ky. opp. Cin., O. 


70 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. aa 


fit, 


Mordellistena smithi, n. sp. 


Piceus black. Anterior and middle legs testaceus. Elytra rufo 
piceous with lighter red splotches on humeri extending obliquely 
backward toward the suture. The amount of red varies, in some 
specimens being more extended. Pubescence coarse, yellow. 
Hind tibia with three, Ist tarsal joint with three, 2d with one, well 
defined ridges. Length, 3.5 mm. 14 specimens, Cincinnati, O. 
To my old friend, Prof. John B. Smith, of New Jersey, this species 
is dedicated. His excellent paper on the family (Trans., July, 
1882, p. 73) was the inspiration that started me into a study of 
this interesting family. I have a number of Mordellistena that are 
perhaps also new, which I have reserved for future study. 


ANTHICID/E. 


EURYGENIUS. 
E. wildii Lec. 
STEREOPALPUS. 
S. mellyi Laf. 
CORPHYRA. 


C. canaliculata Lec. C. pulchra Lec. 
C. terminalis Say. C. labiata Say. 
C. fulvipes Newm. C. lugubris Say. 


Corphyra labiata was an abundant species during May and 
June. Found on tall “horse weeds” (Ambrosia trifida) growing 
in river bottoms. Associated with them, but very much less 
abundant, was the form described as C. pulchra by Le Conte. 
This seems to be a mere variety of C. labiata having the legs pale. 
In a large series they average the same size. C. lugubris is an 
abundant species (May-June). C. fulvipes, seems to be a variety 
of C. lugubris having the legs pale. It is less abundant than 
lugubris. Of C. terminalis Say. Dr. Horn says, Trans., 1871, p. 


71 


178 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


282: ‘Yellow space at apex of elytra not impressed.” In a large 
series of males, | start with the typical male form as defined above. 
Then one with the faintest trace of an impression, and so on, 
more and more defined, until one is reached with a well defined 
impression, close to the suture but not attaining apical angle. 
When Le Conte described C. canaliculata, Smith. Mis. Collections, 
pt. I, p. 143, only a single one (type) was known. During 
1880, I collected hundreds on the blossoms of “white thorn” and 
“buckeye,” but all were females. They varied from the type in 
color as follows: Thorax rufous, elytra black, and legs black. 
The legs in the type were pale, thorax and elytra black, legs pale, 
and black all over. Surely if C. pulchra and fulvipes are good 
species, several could be made of canaliculata. Since 1880 I have 
secured several males. They have the apices of elytra broadly 
tipped with pale. Why the males should be so extremely rare, I 
do not know. At certain “haw” trees when in blossom, by hold- 
ing my umbrella inverted under the branches and striking them 
a hard blow with a stick, Corphyra would shower down, hundreds 
to a tree, and yet the larve are to me absolutely unknown, nor 
have I the slightest idea where to look for them. 


XYLOPHILUS. 


X. basilis Lec. X. fasciatus Mels. 
X. nebulosus Lec. X. piceus Lec. 
MACRATRIA. 
M. murina Fab. 
NOTOXUS. 
N. bicolor Say. N. monodon Fabr. 
N. bifasciatus Lec. N. anchora Hentz. 
TOMODERUS. 


T. constrictus Say. 
DILANDIUS. 
D. myrmecops Csy. 


I took this singular species from under a flat stone, Nov. 17. 


ANTHICUS. 
A. obscurus Laf. A. floralis Payk. 
A. sturmii Laf. A. cervinus Laf. 
A. formicarius Laf. A. pubescens Lec. 


A. cinctus Say. 

The synopsis by Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Science of Phil., 
vol. 6, p. 9, is very old, being publishing in 1852, since then Dr. 
Horn has published good synopsis of Corphyra and Notoxus 
Trans., vol. x, 1883. Maj. Casey has paper on Anthicide, Col. 
notices in Annals of N. Y. Acad. Sciences, vitI, p. 624. 


72 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 179 


PYROCHROID A. 
PYROCHROA. 
P. flabellata Fab. P. femoralis Lec. 
DENDROIDES. 
D. bicolor Newz. D. concolor Newm. 


Le Conte published synopsis in 1855, Proc. Acad., vol. 7, p. 274. 


MELOID-A. 
“Blister Beetles.” 

This family is not very abundant here. Le Conte published 
synopsis in 1853, vol. 6, p. 328-350. Macrobasis and Epicauta 
were treated by Horn in 1873, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., vol. 13. 

MELOE, 
M. impressus Kby. 
TRICRANIA, 
T. sanguinipennis Say. 


March 22, 1896, I took 7 of this species crawling on “sorrel,” 
Rume.. 
ZONITIS. 
Z. bilineata Say: 


MACROBASIS. 


M. unicolor Kby. M. immaculata Say. 
EPICAUTA. 
E. vittata Fab. E. pennsylvanica De G. 


EK. cinerea Forst. 
POMPHOPEA. 


Ps enea Say, 


April 27, 1891, I took a fine male and female of this species 
from the throat of a kingbird I had shot for preservation. 


RHIPIPHORID-. 


PELECOTOMA. 
P. flavipes Meish. 
But one specimen of this species in many years. 
RHIPIPHORUS. 


R. dimidiatus Fab. R. limbatus Fab. 
R. cruentus Germ. 
I find these three species in the fall on flowers. 

13 


180 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


MYODITES. 
M. fasciatus Say. 


Myodites are found on blossoms but they take flight so quickly 
when alarmed, that they are quite difficult to catch. 


STYLOPIDA. 


XENOS. 
X. peckii Kby. 

A very curious genus that is parasitic in the bodies of wasps. 
During 1900 and i1go1 I captured a number of wasps that were 
infected with these very interesting little creatures. The figures 
given in Packard’s Guide to the Study of Insects, p. 482-483, for 
Stylops childreni are exactly those of Xenos pecku as I have 
been able to identify the species. Our talented and lamented 
friend, H. G. Hubbard, has given a most interesting account of 
the rearing of Xenos from a colony of wasps in Fla. See Can. 
Entomologist, Oct., 1892, p. 259. I have one of these specimens 
and it only differs from mine in being of a pale color, mine being 
sooty black. 1 have hatched Xenos from the following wasps, 
viz.: Amnophila urnaria, Polistes fuscatus, Prionyx atrata, Sphex 
ichneumonea, Odynerius molestus. 

I have pinned in my box with Xenos the following host wasps, 
Viz: 

Poslistes 5, Prionyx 3, Amnophila 2, Sphex and Odynerus one 
each. And this is about the proportion in which I found they 
were infected. I confined the .infected wasps in tumbler with 
false bottom of screen wire, first putting in bit of blotter to absorb 
moisture that might run down. I fed the wasps jelly and water, 
which they greedily ate, first convincing themsclves that they could 
not escape. Stylopized individuals appeared during June, July, 
August, September and October. Most of the male Xenos were 
hatched in August. Several wasps died before the beetles 
hatched. From one of these I hatched the beetle after the wasp 
had been dead two days; from another dead wasp containing onlv 
female Nenos, a lot of the minute larve hatched and crawled out 
on the tips of the hairs of the wasp and died there. The activity 
of the male Xenos, so well described by Mr. Hubbard in the 
article above referred to, is simply astonishing, and it is no wonder 
that the creature wears itself out and dies in 20 or 30 minutes. 
If the wasp can catch the Xenos she makes short work of it. In 
trying to take out of tumbler a male Xenos I allowed it to escape 
and it darted away like a flash. The Xenos when hatched is jet, 
opaque black, the fan-like wings when fresh have a beautiful 
mother of pearl iridescent tinge. The body is very flexible and 


74 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 181 


How union of the 


they keep twisting and writhing it about. 
Though 


sexes is effected 1 have so far been unable to find out. 
if the end of the female that projects is the end that receives the 
male, then the operation would be considerably simplified. 

The remaining families are called “Snout Beetles” and “Wee- 


vils.” Most of them have the head prolonged into a snout or 


proboscis. 


RHYNCHITID&. 
EUGNAMPTUS. 


E. angustatus Hbst. E. collaris Fab. 


RHYNCHITES. 
R. hirtus Fab. 


ATTELABIDAL, 


ATTELABUS. 
A. bipustulatus Fab. 


OTIORHY NCHID/E. 


HORMORUS. 
H. undulatus Uhiler. 
AMNESIA. 
A. grisea Hori. 
PANSCOPUS. 
P. erinaceus Say. 
PHYXELIS. 
P. rigidus Say. 
CERCOPEUS. 
C. chrysorrhaeus Say. 
TANYMECUS. 
T. confertus Gyll. 
PANDELETE] US. 
P. pilaris Hast. 
BRACHYSTYLUS. 
B. acutus Say. 
APHRASTUS. 
A. teeniatus Say. 
75 


182 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


CYPHOMIMUS. 
C. dorsalis Horn. 
ARACANTHUS, 
A. pallidus Say. 
SITONES. 
S. flavescens Marsh. 


CURCULIONID#, 
ITHYCERUS. 
I. noveboracensis Forst. 


APION. 
A. cribricolle Lec. A. porcatum Boh. 


Many unidentified species. 


The latest paper on Apion is by Mr. H. C. Fall, Trans., vol. 


Oct., 1898, p. 105. 


PHYTONOMUS. 
P. punctatus Fab. P. comptus Say. 
LISTRONOTUS. 
L. tuberosus Lec. L. sulcirostris Lec. 
L. squamiger Say. L. latiusculus Boh. 
L. inzequalipennis Boh, L. caudatus Say. 
Many unnamed species. 
MACROPS. 
M. spurcus Boh. M. solutus Boh. 
Many unnamed species. 
LIXUS. 
L. punctinasus Lec. L. concavus Say. 
L. terminalis Lec. L. amplexus Casey. 
DORYTOMUS. 
D. mucidus Say. D. brevicollis Lec. 
BARYTYCHIUS. 
B. ameenus Say. 
SMICRONYX. 
S. ovipennis Lec. 5. -vestitus Wee. 
S. flavicans Lec. S. corniculatus Fab. 
S. tychoides Lec. 
ONYCHYLIS. 


O. nigrirostris Boh. 
76 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 183 


LISSORHOPTRUS. 
L. simplex Say. 


BAGOUS. 


B. sellatus Lec. B., restrictus: Lec: 

B. magister Lec. B. mammillatus Say. 
OTIDOCEPHALUS. 

O. myrmex Hbst. O. levicollis Horn. 

O. chevrolatii Horn. O. perforatus Horn. 


The last named is rare, the others common. Perforatus may be 
known from the others, by its brown color, the others are shining 
black; good anatomical characters, however, separate them. See 
Horn’s Synopsis, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1873, vol. 13, p. 448. 


MAGDALIS, 
M. lecontei Horn. M. armicollis Say. 
M. barbita Say. M. pallida Say. 
M. pandura Say. 

COCCOTORUS. 


C. scutellaris Lec. 


ANTHONOMUS. 


A. quadrigibbus Say. A. suturalis Lec. 
A. nebulosus Lec. A. corvulus Lec. 
A. profundus Lec. “A. crategi Walsh. 
A. scutellatus Gyll. A. mixtus Lec. 
A. signatus Say. A. validus Dts. 


ORCHESTES. 


. pallicornis Say. O. niger Horn: 
. canus Horn. ©. ephippiatus Say. 


ELLESCHUS. 
E. ephippiatus Say. 
PRIONOMERUS. 
P. calceatus Say. 
PIAZORHINUS. 
P. scutellaris Say. 
THYSANOCNEMIS. 
T. fraxini Lec. T. helvola Lec. 
PLOCETES. 
PY ola Lec. 
GYMNETRON. 
G. teter Fab. 
qe 


184 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


L/EMOSACCUS. 


L. plagiatus Fab. 


CONOTRACHELUS. 
C. juglandis Lec. C. adspersus Lec. 
C. albicinctus Lec. C. posticatus Say. 
C. nenuphar Hbst. C. geminatus Dey. 
C. seniculus Lec. C. cribricollis Say. 
C. afhinis S27, C. tuberosus Lec. 
C. elegans Boh. C. anaglypticus Say. 
C. crategi Melsh. © erinadeus Wee: 
RYSSEMATUS. 
R. palmacollis Say. R. annectens Casey. 


R. equalis Horn. 


The last species I found eating out the heads of the “swamp 
mild weed” (Asclepias incarnata) growing on the border of ponds, 
May 24. It was abundant. ~ 


ZAGLYPTUS. 

Z. sulcatus Lec. ZL. striatus Lec. 

Sulcatus is abundant, striatus is rare. It has been suggested 
to me that they were sexes of each other, but I am convinced they 
are distinct, as I have found both species paired. 

MICROHYUS. : 


M. setiger Lec. 


ACAMPTUS. 
A. rigidus Lec. A. echinus Lec. 
ACALLES. 
A. carinatus Lec. A. clavatus Say. 
A. sordidus Lec. 
CANISTES. 


C. schusteri Casey. 


TYLODERMA, 
T. foveolatum Say. T. fragarize Riley. 
T. nigrum Casey. T. variegatum Horn. 
T. xreum Say. 
PSOMUS. 


P.. politus Casey. 
PHYRDENUS. 


P. undatus Lec. 
78 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 185 


CRYPTORHYNCHUS. 
C. parochus Hbst. Cyfallax Lec. 
C. bisignatus Say. C. minutissimus Lec. 
C. fuscatus Lec. C. ferratus Say. 
C. obtentus Hbst. ~ 
PIAZURUS. 


P. oculatus Say. 
COPTURUS. 
C. quercus Say. C. binotatus Lec. 
ACOPTUS. 
A. suturalis Lec. 
TACHYGONUS. 
T. tardipes Lec. 
I have taken this very curious little beetle by beating white 
em (Ulmus americana) into an inverted umbrella, June 19. 


CRAPONIUS. 
G. ineequalis Say. 


CCELIODES. 
C. curtus Gyll. C. acephalus Say. 
C. asper Lec. C. nebulosus Lec. 
C. flavicaudis Boh. 
CEUTORHYNCHUS. 
C. rape Gylll. C. zimmermani Gyll. 
C. sulcipennis Lec. C. erysimi Fab. 


C. septentrionalis Gyll. 
This last species I never observed here until 1892. 
PELENOMUS. 
P. sulcicollis Fab. 
CCELOGASTER. 
C. zimmermani Gyll. 


RHINONCUS. 
R. percarpius Linn. R. longulus Lec. 
R. pyrrhopus Lec. 
BARIS. 
B. umbilicata Lec. B. tumescens Lec. 
B. transversa Say. B. zrea Boh. 
TRICHOBARIS. 


T. trinotata Say. 


PSEUDOBARIS. 
P. angusta Lec. 
79 


186 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


GLYPTOBARIS. 

G. rugicollis Lec. 
AULOBARIS. 

A. scolopax Say. 

AMPELOGLYPTER. 

A. sesostris Lec. Aw ater Lec. 
MADARUS. 
M. undulatus Say. 


STETHOBARIS. 
S. tubulatus Say. 

CENTRINUS. 
C. scutellum-album Say. C. confusus Boh. 
C. strigicollis Casey. , C. prolixus Lec. 
C. striatirostris Lec. C. perscitus Hbst. 
C. modestus Boh. C. picumnus Hbst. 

LIM NOBARIS. 
Le calvarizee Le punctifer Casey: 
L. rectirostris Lec. 


ZYGOBARIS. 

T. subcalva Lec. 
BARINUS. 

B. cribricollis Lec. 
EUCHLETES. 

E. echidna Lec. 


This curious little porcupine weevil was in clusters on trunk 
ofa dead: beech: tree, Sept. 27, 1900.. 1 took one cluster of 30: 
They very closely resemble the color of the bark. 

PLOCAMUS. 
P. hispidulus Lec. 


BALANINUS. 


B. nasicus Say. B. quercus Horn. 
B. carye Horn. B. uniformis Lec. 
BRENTHID. 


EUPSALIS. 
E. minuta Drury. 
This is the only representative we have here of the array of 


strange looking elongate forms that are found in tropical coun- 
tries. We have in the extreme South and S. West three species 


80 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 187 


of Brenthus. Eupsalis lives under bark. I have found many 
under the bark of a buckeye tree. The male has the mouth parts 
shaped like pincers,. quite different from the straight beak of the 
female. 


CALANDRID. 


RHODOBENUS. 
R. tredecimpunctatus ///. 


SPHENOPHORUS. 
S. zee Walsh. S. callosus Oliv. 
S. melanocephalus Fabr. S. parvulus Gyll. 
S. sayi Gyll. 
CALANDRA. 
C. oryzae Linn. C. remotepunctata Gyll. 
C. granaria Fab. 


DRYOPHTHORUS. 
D. americanus Bedel. 
DRYOTRIBUS. 
D. mimeticus Horn. 
TYPHLOGLYMMA. 
T. puteolatum Dury. 
This was described by me in this journal, March 27, 1901. 


HIMATIUM. 
H.errans: Lec. 


COSSONUS. 
C. platalea Say. C. corticola Say. 
C. concinnus Boh. C. several unnamed species. 


ALLOMIMUS. 
A. dubius Horn. 
STENOMIMUS. 

S. pallidus Boh. 
WOLLASTONIA. 
W. quercicola Boh. 
AMAURORHINUS. 
A. nitens Horn. 
PHLG:OPHAGUS. 
P. minor Horn. 
STENOSCELIS. 

S. brevis Boh. 

ar 


188 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


SCOLY TIDAL 
A large family, some of them very destructive to timber. 
PLATYPUS. 
P. compositus Say. 
MONARTHRUM. 
M. fasciatum Say. M. mali Fitch. 
PITYOPHTHORUS. 
P. pullus Zimin. 
HYPOTHENEMUS. 
H. eruditus West. 


XYLOTERUS, 


X. politus Say. 


XYLEBORUS. 
X. celsus Eich. X. pubescens Zimm. 
X. xylographus Say. X. celatus Etch. 
TOMICUS. 


T. calligraphus Germ. 
MICRACIS. 
M. rudis Lec. 
THYSANOES. 
T. fimbricornis Lec. 


SCOLYTUS. 
S. quadrispinosus Say. S. rugulosus Ritz. 
S. muticus Say. 

CHRAMESUS. 


C. seorize: Lec. 
PHLCOTRIBUS, 
P. liminaris Harris. P. frontalis Oliv. 


P. linunaris has been taken on the “bladder nut” (Staphylea 
trifoliata) by Prof. Hine. 
CNESINUS. 


C. strigicollis Lec. 
DENDROCTONUS. 
D. terebrans Lec. 
CRYPTURGUS. 
C. atomus Lec. 
82 


Dury: Coleoptera of Cincinnati. 189 


HYLESINUS. 
H. aculeatus Say. H. sericeus Mann, 
H. fasciatus Say. 

HYLASTES. 


H.rufipes Eich. 


Hl, rufipes is the same as Hylesinus opaculus of the check list. 
See Proc. Nat. Musuem, vol. 18, p. 605. 


ANTHRIBID/A. 


EURYMYCTER. 
E. fasciatus Oliv. 
TROPIDERES. 
T. bimdculatus Oliv, T.. rectus: Lec. 
ALLANDRUS.  . 
A. bifasciatus Lec. 


HOR MISCUS. 
Hi: saltator: Lec. 


TOXOTROPIS. 
T. pusillus Lec. 


EUSPHYRUS. 
E. walshii Lec. 


I have taken these last three species on osage orange. 
PIEZOCORYNUS. 
P. dispar Gyll. Pamixtus: ec: 


ANTHRIBUS. 
A. cornutus Say. 


CRATOPARIS. 
C. lunatus Fab. 
BRACHYTARSUS. 
B. alternatus Say. B. tomentosus Say. 
B. variegatus Say. 
ARZEOCERUS. 


A. fasciculatus De G. 
Found in coffee berries. 
CHORAGUS. 


C. sayii Lec. 


Several unidentified species of Scolytids and Anthribids prob- 
ably new. 


83 


faye 


ih 
Ae 
eho 

: | Ne. ae Weg 


it eerie a 


PAGE 
PCa Le Sts acres nie eee 7 
ENCANLPLUS: © 37.1eerkin 7 
Acanthocinus ....... 50 
Acanthoderes ....... 56 
PERG S's, suc /sucrateneeaton Tat 
PNCIMe OCEAN tps aensts 40 
ENGINICCOPS, eter eteciaiee 55 
INCOPUUSE ha-iee teste 7O 
ENCES, 43 oi7esi tiers the 29 
PXCHEMOGES tect che cists 39 
PNGUODUMS, oslarsrn ahaa rey 17 
Weylephorus, i4.:.25:.. 16 
PxMelaiae ys: ees eee 64 
Wdelocera: xaccnie dere: 35 
PNGEAMIES ycteccuhVeltusacic LA 
Bi oialliialss, vc isi8 Balen 47 
ASOENIURY Bien Pear eter IL 
Avcathidiuim:. ~ +. iz <)- 14 
ING ONOMERIS .. 2 2)ih 9 
PNeurIS cpr e..,5 atta Sek 4O 
/\GHTOLUSS ae en one 37 
Pla Ss 2 ak biepstr | etic 36 
PMleochata: nia.ekteniae 16 
ANitbatchori meyer Getans res 31 


PN Werrnuclint’s: «2. /.ty acet <e 4 


PRUMEC (tansy) se ieere OO 
AN iikovaasta tbe eens Onur 8I 
PAMorhititar 9, ace one Shouts 50 
/ANIKG{0) ebb D Odea id lene ae 19 
EVIphMitObius <retae des 64 
NSTI cf OR Reeser aE she tes 7 
Amaurorhinus ......81 
/ Nigh C On ea one 7s 
Ampeloglypter ......80 
Amphicrossus ......20 
JASE CCG bbe peer eein 64 
/\TERDIC Ok enbe io paeateanee 22 
IAMCHASTIIS: aaetnine eee 36 
PNIEYV) OUMIMS = ote eieloe 21 
Androchirus ........ 67 
PASrIMNIS, ee ers etna 5 
Anisodactylus ...... 9 
FARO ITs) s so eer rae 4A 
EX OMIA laleere-cLere GO 
AUHOMNOEE Moo tn nid Ane 58 
Anomoglossus ...... 9 
PRD MAR). tek: de a) 
Antherophagus ..... 26 
ANTHICID Aar3\< 71 


INTE) Xe): 


PAGE. 
Anthicus ... eres 
AmthOcomiusy =k). ee) 2 
Anthonomus, ....... 77 
ATIEMGENUS) sane: 28 
ANTERIBIMDAL <71583 
JANIE AM OOS eepoie ete oe 83 
DE AIDEHES To MeN aeeiels 8 
AMO itisiyccs alee 49 
EX phonriStasataacereren: 2 
IAGaStuSms weil: 75 
AND MA OVOSTEY Soe co buebe 2 


NDUOMS 2.215 AACE 
ODO COMES SS won occ c 
ANipehechayd ails Go ac 40-07 
Areocerus 
ANEATStOMIIS 45) 4h eS 
Arhopalus Ateh errs 
PATEL Omla Chae nce 
ENSApILES Poet 


IASClerass uae 69 
PASS CILMI) 5.2 see Se 
Ateenius BA, 
Athous Bet 
UNCC IMUSiaeneronce het ey ENG 14 
ANGCONAIEBCIEL by Se ee Lao OZ? 
AT AMUTSY 1 Socvath casey. 28 
Ast Galiise Ss utsaiin esi 42 
Attegenus BEE SAIS2 7, 


A DE ICAB LID Aa yer: 


ZaNquisel il OYGISA ease neo a ee 75 
LN WATESS NOs olg ee Ee) 
Atilobarisepsras eer 80 


ANGKorailohan agp oo ooee eas 
Balbiaet (ahead rake 


Bacariidseres yates 29 
Bactcidimm~ we .42.15 tae 
BROcerarrm ayaa sets 20 
Bag Osis srtaeneee 77 
Ballamanitsy otsereueeres 80 
Banintise een snaeue 80 
BaiSer tree ye ahora ea ea 70 
Banyiychitsaen aay. 70 
Bassanewsy a7 ere. 50 
AUGISINS: se. re eR 15 


Batyle nla tack Ns 


Bellamimahsecia. a: 55 
iBelonielitis 26k 17 
Bembiditime eases 5 


IBEROSUS) . Vaan ee Le 


85 


Bid essiisia ener Mrs areslO 
2 Un@ unmet ioc Gee atcha oes 
Biladiitses Gok eee ea 
Bilechiniisic.) aareee sey: 6 
ilecdiinGyan sn eee: 19 
Ble phiatid aly... terete. 61 
Bolbocerus .........40 
Boletobinsy © s.ss.k o 18 
Boletophagus ...... 65 
Boletotherus .....:. 65 
iBosthychitsmeonsen 45 
Bothrideres a... 52 25 
Brachyacantha 22 
Brachylobts, asa a. 9 
ishekeuaembis: Bose oben 8 
BralchiySeseeeaera teed O 
Brachystylus 75 
Brachytarstisercce+..08 
Bradycellus ........ 9 
BRENTHIDZL .....80 
BLOMtes,.«.. v= snus 
BRU GEMD AT Pye 63 
HB Gold Chas) ain a 63 
Bp yasa'S aceasta paee 15 
BSEVODOGUS HU. ser LO 
BURR E Sie Dizis 38 
IBtiprestisi. eee 30 
Gzenocaiagenaane ae 45 
Cenoscelis .........2 
Calanciragaeysae eee 8r 
CALANDRID£ ...81 
@alathniusee saat: a 
S(GAIlINGER Boviepaes seen 
Gallirditimm ees eee 52 
@allamoxysye ss 5S 
Calochromus =. ssss2 AI 
Calopterom: = el 40 
Galosomaye 3 sss he 4 
Camipyhus) 2.6.7, 
(Gani ta tte es ere 68 
Canistesn ee iciia. ee 7o 
Canton overeat 47 
sC@apnochtoa he. sack 67 
(CUNIRUAIB IUD WARN ele anh 
Garabus eh. ieee 4 
Cardiophorus .......36 
Garpophilus eeseeeeeo 
Gartoderes 2ekissca56Cr 
Casnonia; titel ect 8 


192 
PAGE. 

Gassicarn ie ee 62 
Catowenus 4. vice «420 
Gedinis anna aonere 15 
Centrimius) 2) eco 
Centrodera sae. eee 5 
Ceophyllasye en ersslS 
Cephaloscymnus ....22 
Cephennium ........ 14 
Geracisnsekanacmenen 46 
CERAMBYCID4 ..52 
@ercopetiss ss. sees 7 
Cercush ese me rene 29 
GET CYOlle sae teres ae 12 
Cerophytum ........38 
@erotomaln. stores 60 
Cenylone: feces ee 
Ceutorhynchus ..... 70 
Cheetocnema ........62 
Chalcolepidius ...... 30 
@halcophorates 39 
Chalepuse ante cecicien 50 
@hariressa ype errr 43 
Chauliognathus .....41 
Chelymorpha ....... 62 
Ghevirolatiaces eee er 14 
Chilocorus! Bete ee 
Ehiton! wet pe aint as 53 
Chlenius . TS VoRN ets 
Ohilennny~S sdosoad boda 
@hoenidivine. eee 47 
Gholenttsie: masts see 
Gholevayeence en 13 
CGhoragtisee eee ele 83 
Ghratmestiss seen ene 82 
Chrysobothris ......39 
GhrysOchtusy | seas O 
Chrysomela ... .60 
CHRYSOMELID. zx 

Pee PRL 77 pega PARR AS Ute 58 
@icimndelasery nance 
CIEIND ETD As ia: 
CrcOnes mine vase eed. 
@iny rar cl Se eee 39 
CIOIDA eA 
Gis. gee 
@istelayia.<.5- eOG 
GISTELLD AS ,. 6-66 
CUBIBIRIDVABE 2 pd ake? 43 
Gliniditime ss. ne: 
Ghivanais fi. be Monee 
Cloeotus si haneeca: 49 
Clytanthus’ jee eens 
Cnemidotus™ 4222.10 
Gnesimiss- acest 82 
Coccinella .... 21 
COCCINELLIDZ .21 


Index: 


Coccotontiswancee: a7 Tia 
Ccelambus ee aeecien a- 10 
Coeltodesmyse,. cares er 79 
Ccelogastern .o.-e aoe 79 
GolaspiSs-wasenrasecr 60 
Golaisttis ert totes 

Wolenisnsuseceenen: 13 
Collopsey cnn see 42 
Golo ccc seer 13 
COLY DINDASR era s2a 
Colyditim’. -.ee ese 25 
@onosomalehasestaer 18 
Gonotelticoe races 

Conotrachelus.......78 
Gopelatusy |e. area II 
Copnriss hac carmen 47 
@optoevclayy-cmector 62 
Coptoderay madera 6 
Coprotomiusier eres 10 
Coptiunusteaee rerio 
Gorphy tas. sive: 71 
Gorticantayee eee ace 31 
CORMEO PEMD Ase am 
Gorymbites Sea 37, 
Coscinoptera /s..-.-- 58 
Gossomusin: voor: 81 
Cotalpaleccmcckoner 50 
Craponitish.. sheer 70 
Gratacanthtus: {eee 9 
CGraropanis reer 83 
(Cikeeayel, 5o'5+ wine SAS 
Chremastochilus WAST 
Greophiltismeeeeeee 16 
Crepidodera 223.222 61 
Grosimusias Ame 27 
Cryptarchat: scdeen 31 
Oiniowelombinl sen ceear 17 
Cryptocephalus .....50 
Cryptognatha ....... 22 
Cryptohypnus ......36 
CRY PTOPHAGI- 

DD Ane nie hee ae 26 
Cryptophacismenee 2 
Cryptopleurum ..... 12 
Cryptorhopalum ....28 
Cryptorhynchus ....79 
Cry ptursus. sce 82 
WheniSieSso tein erie 15 
CUCUIMND AS 826 
Gucwuiiseee: aes 
@upespeaenee 2645 
CUPESIDE . HAS 
CURCULIONIDE 76 
Cybister % ANE 
Cybocephalus ...... 30 
@ychints) ate Shes 


86 


PAGE 
Cyclocephala ......- 50 
Gyllenen ne etree etee 54 
Cymatoderay = ees. 43 
Cy mimic: ee everest 8 
Cy pacts seem ere 20 
Gy phomimiis eae 76 
Cy PT OM Ati stereo ee 34 
Cyctinse...eyaeeen 55 
Cyrtophoriss Seem 54 
Dacre \2.52 Beaty eek 
DASCYLLIDZ vA 
WE CTES ai wie cues eaCeEe: 56 
Deltometopus -...~.. 35 
Dendroctonus ...... 82 
Dendroides Bee) 
Dendrophilus ...... 29 
DERMESTIDAXEEE2 
Dermestes.... .27 
DERODON TID .32 
DWerodontus =.-eeeer 2 
Desmocerus ....-..-. 54 
DrabroLica meres neie 60 
Diaehnise eee ee 50 
Dialy tess ccwcneeeeA9 
Diapeniser ene senor 64 
Dibolia seemed te 62 
Diczliss cence kei, 
ID Wiofereorh mug yer cod Ac 39 
Dichelonycha .......49 
IDMileavohibisy 35S 5 6Go ae e 
ID bakebubIGek pa Gaos cor II 
DinoderuSan. smear A5 
Bind psis mets cents ue LO 
Diochws were meee 
Dicedush Aenean eos 
Diplocwelus eeeceeeee7 
Diplotaxits<Auehakeee 50 
Disonychiaisi..ictereee 61 
DiSteniia eerie 54 
Donacta eae 58 
Dorcaschema .......56 
Dorcatomaiseeeades45 
Derrek aids Gs ae gu neulO 
Donny pilonarken aeeare 60 
Dory tomusp aay: 
Drapetess...nseee al 38 
(Drastenitts mere tet 36 
Dromeulus ....:... 35 
IDSrohasbholsy Aa642 deo oc 6 
DryoblUs eke soos 
Dryophthorus ......81 
Diryotnbus sansa St 
Dy nastest nent 50 
DivsGhinitisieseee reat 4 
IDYORUS Clip 7aver ror 10 
Dy tiscuse asker ee ne 


PAGE. 
IS NEHA nae gence docs aoe 53 
GhOCeRUsveens cone 64 
Eictopmiar ine atee se Eyal 
IBioiab hh Enemas apie 56 
Flap htdion? strc) eee 53 
Ribeplintts sy vtae 1a ers 4 
lasmocenus: Selects 43 
Meite igre sche were 36 
AGED) Ata sd 
ilewsis. 2°. 92) ta Att. b0 
DINGS Tess oleae 77 
Billy china), 1sh<:cee ete te? 4t 
Bmchodes' 7 :.jeege asi: 68 
BincyiClOps nacre. 54 
Endecatomus ....... 45 
ENDOMYCHID 4.22 
Endomychus ....... 23 
EM GMtS gre Saree es 31 
Ennearthron ........ 46 
Entomophthalmus ..35 
RA UCAU ta seeps ee 73 
PEIERUS ote ns Sots 28 
Hipdlachimeais senses 22 
LD) ne bee meaner Ray pe OT | 
IENDKULRSER he daa etdeatme ee ieee 30 
REMOMMUS <5 s2 45 een. 18 
HEMObTUSe 20s AY 
HUGO Spaeth re ee eae 
ony latiakis: iat e25 
TEI R(G)IENGIGAUD Ie eee) 
Euesthetus ........ “7 
Mmceratocertisis -as0h 45 
HiGhcehes tees Stent 80 
IBWcIMebUSi.n es ees tt: 33 
BISMeIMIS cose ralae ook oS 
icradd: sie. ce ved 
PEadercesn® ssaecn tke 54 
Mindesinias cc... Oo. rent 24 
Biiomamptisrse 2 e275 
ETM TIIS) wera eters: Td 
IPAGLUs ee 8 ete! 
VCO Oiiae seer vine. 51 
BD MOGMICUS eet. a ae 8 
tiple ctits waewyan ih. fs 15 
EMIpOPOnitism ene sos 57 
Bipealts: @. secte cn sO 
EN Op sles sateen ares eee 32 
my eMis Awaepaaee 7. 
Eurymycter ........83 
BS plny Gus = reset asOs 
BNStroplatises: .. sets 68 
UUIEO Clans arias cena 64 
NVA REM TS oe.) Ae ey, 
SETI Ae am eee epee oe 50 
plagtiawnesty. wee a eG 
A TOMES: males a 15 


Index. 


PAGE. 
IEAii catalyse talavariatcia a ake 50 
OTK Veh ates che ee 35 
Galetita i Bee 8 
Galerucay 2h tas 6% 
Galeracella eet aa 61 
Gastrordeasyeinclans 60 
Gaurotesiasneae ae SS 
Geodromicus ....... 19 
Geopimus : sent teas at 9 
GEORYSSIDAs = 2 182 
GeOnySSUS) facie: 32 
Geotrupes aan 49 
Glipodesmsaesrenore. 69 
Glyphonyacteeere 37 
Clyptina eee 62 
Glyptobaris:*: 2. 5.7i280 
Glyptoma Ry aa 10) 
Gly ptoscelisimi. ene. 59 
(GanOimhawlGls) BeeHode ade 5I 
Goes ee eee Ae 56 
Graphlops sare eer 60 
Grynochanisi cy 2 Se 
Grymminvetrone cease siete TG 
GYERUINTIDIZB Fes ier II 
Gy mimise te es er aL 
Hadrobregmus ..... 4A 
EVA ERIC TDA ear. 10 
lailnpliigues wasnt. 10) 
Hallomenus ....... .68 
Fall tiGam cane rey Or 
Haplandris eee 63 
JINR DENKRNS vi io bola ect AO) 
Helluomorpha-e.)4.- 8 
RElOdeS- k= annem oad 
Helophorus Peay 
Fel OP Semmrms vale are 65 
Hemiptychus .......44 
RVemitaiptSe ssa 36 
Hesperobeenus ......32 
letaenitisn seme meee 28 
Heterachthes ....... 53 
HETEROCERIDZE 33 
nlieterocertseinass sh =233 
EVEtGenisn. eves cae 56 
Jaliboniehinqobanh) Gls or meine! 
Hippodamia’.s-9-6 5. Ale 
HaloyaYopSi aebeuowlo oe 57 
HISTERID AL. 2.28 
SUCH Bw temas mnie teeoee 2s 
IFOLOVED Tense ene 28 
Holostrophus .......68 
Flotmallitina ee sas ao 
HOmalotane seme alo 
elo pliai sh eaniaeeaa 49 
Hoplocephala . 64 
Horistonotus ....... 36 


87 


193 

PAGE. 

ROAMING GIRS chapeole a 83 
EVO GMOGUG) Nata hie 75 
FelryidinOG eran ra. aiee 43 
leliab ROE hc Adlolaes Held 12 
Hydrocanthus ...... 10 
leltydiro clraigis a seseeeior 12 
Hydrocombus ...... 12 
HYDROPHILID 11 
Hydrophilus enn 2'- Il 
Hiydroporus ........10 
FekViCGOVAGUS 2). eran: 10 
Elvilastesis bo.7 arene ee 83 
Hyleccetus BAS 
lalyatscibatbly semis earaeic 83 
lial yyalojnnbh pes soe neces ores 
Hymenorus eOO 
ELV peraSplsienee ene 
Ely penplanysmermect et 56 
Ely pOCcelisueast te ess 
Flypolampsisn 922 422% 61 
Hypophleeus ..65 
Hypothenemus ..... 82 
Hypulus . 08 
Rehiiea ss CLUS 43 
IC DISA Eat ae see LO 
AIG) Rpctaes ican ereraraeart 20 
iD Ghe Sahat een een 31 
lischiodonttisee. jek. 36 
ischiyntisyie fers eet 
Tsomira 5 te) 
Ichiycentisies. ener 76 
Laccobius RES ea 
aACCONOtUS! wee ase Os 
accophilusi sth. 210 
Wachnosternay .32. 52/50 
eemophiloeis 0-20 
[emMOsaceuse sures. 78 
IGA'G RSD AR: sia 07 
BAMPY RID AD 2.7240 
San otitntanee sae 23 
Basconotws 20. 5625 
LATHRIDUDZ_ sel 
lesa @iiblS ee 6 ae be 31 
Batiirimecerimy 4-6 
Te achgo bata ers yee 17 
Bar hropise.s-keac vee 20 
Webiage ees et cy ae 6 
[Cemmaay es fea eee sO 
Weptcicimushen es 17 
LEPTINIDA 12 
LE ep tira set eee) tapes 12 
ibeptoschema ts) sa. 37 
Leptostylus 56 
Leptotrachelus ..... 8 
WGepiuirad wos tease Mee 55 
Wepturgesy. cease aa 56 


194 


PAGE. 
Westeya. . <oversamenne 19 
Leto FILS, «. ee Se rte ent 50 
TpiIMichus) 4p eetestine 32 
si MODATIS Meee eter so 
Limonius E337 
(ina tee seers 60 
TLiodes) 2ihisieaneiston 14 
TACpUSHL Ee hee 50 
Lassorhopius te). 77 
Listotrophusy 2: +). 10 
Isistronotus S2 ei: cha 76 
tar ous? <2 525 cle eetenels 27 
Terpiochpris’) eevee iter 18 
IE pits ig ieee cay cena. 7 
Wobertisy 2h coi< ty aehee 20 
Woneitarsus, eres seis 62 
ldopherOs ...aemcemtnsAL 
Woxandriis i4..2cea% 2 7 
LUCANT DAG icin: 46 
\Giercchal biomed rece: AO 
Tewerd ota Tati etwas 41 
DAIS. 42 <iepare sore dO 
lycoperdina: <./\. 2s). 23 
Tey COStOMMUS +). yates: 40 
AS yiCEUS sete eee aereee 45 
LYMEXYLIDZ ...45 
Machzrodes ....... 15 
Mactatria, fr inbeads 72 
Macrobasis- sree cir 73 
Macrodactylus ...... 50 
MaCTODS) +... -isei 2 seer 76 
Mia artis i). .ccurcieacio® 
Mao dalisiit Geyer ier a7. 
MALACHIIDA,....42 
IMiallodtiyalmwanscemerr 67 
Malthinus. -2...22..42 
Miailthodés': evacislas5 ators 42 
Miatiititat Ws tere ce 61 
INVALBEIS. Wrcne vd ox ey II 
Meas. ts Unies set iaoe 57 
Megalodacne .......2 
Miesalops iikyinc cp 18 
Mesapenthies .4cnr 30 
Miesar thrts) acks-prezO 
Megasternum ...... 12 
Miegilla 2 ce heart 21 


MiclanaGtes wsin tierce 
Melandryvaleec -27-tne< 
MELANDRYIDAL. 67 
Melanophila ........ 
Melanophthalma .... 
Melanotus 
WIG bicy Ge nee ears ets 


Meligethes . 2. i203. 30 
IMCIOE Re os ce one ee 73 
NEETIO DAG cick 73 


Index. 

PAGE. 
IMelyrisy sas nee ie hee 42 
Meracanthay: 4 22<e2 65 
Mera Cts see Fi vekss sis: 82 
Microcyptus ..:2:...18 
Microbyus~ 7-¢es ++ 78 
Micropeplus ....... 20 
Microrhagus ....... 35 
Microrhopala ....... 62 
Microtonus .69 


Molorchus .... a , 


Monachus AA5O 
IMOnaT tattle sete 82 
Monocrepidius 36 
Monohammus ...... 55 


Monotoma! “2. sees 
Mordella 


MORDELLID .. .69 
Mordellistena ...... 69 
IMivaisw aes craspeet cess a 
Mycetina ee 
Mycetochares j... 3... 66 
MYCETOPHAGI- 
DAS eed oe eet 27 
Mycetophagus ......27 
Mycetoporus SeieiKs) 
Wiychocerts) ..t.cak- 625 
Mycotretus 524 


Miyochtous ©..aeches 
Miyodites «:a=culswslts 
MIN Stats! cau 6 font 
Nacerdés< “tei ke 


88 


INatsibius seine. 20 
INebrigie aes are 
INectObias o.1e. seer 44 
Necrophilus ........13 
INECEOPHOTiis \.. sae Le 
Necy daisy tsaseeee 54 
Nematodes sws1riaees 35 
Nemosomial 25. s« 4-21 
INeoclytust sa: enim 54 
Nica etis’ ah betters se 49 
Nita Ace ein se 30 
NITIDULIDAS «22520 
IN@domotare's. oe ise 60 
Nosodendron .......32 
-Nossidium .........20 
Nothodes: 038. cece 37 
Nothuge se cikaes 2 £68 
Notiopnilus’ .2.2eie: 4 
INGTORUS VEL: eeieete ye 
INyctobates aq. i. eon 08 
ObEereas seen ee G7 
@ctotomia 4) aspen 62 
Ocypus io doe eee ely 
Odontets foe~ ci 40 
Odontotal-eace sie 


PAGE. 
GEDEMERID- ...6g 
Chidionychis  2seacee: Ot 
CHidostetias ©. eeirs: 36 
Olibrusies:..). Lane 21 
Oligomerus 4.24255 44 
Olisthopus> .: aikutws 8 
Omethes! ee .ccenee 4 
Omophront+..) eer 3 
@mositae-(3.0 ee ae 30 


Onthophagus ....... 


Onychylis - caves 7o 
odes ¥ ici ot Cereb tt 9 
Opatninus . 2: ese 64 
@rehesiay > “2. e 
@rchestes were paces Fl 
Orcpnitis > Hei 28 
Orthalticassacpasks OL 
Orthopleura .;......43 
iOrthosomia.: ts reses52 
Orthostethus ....... 37 
Osmoderma-s-i9-Aeceat 
OSarierre’ see h er 19 
Otidocephalus .:....77 
OTIORHYNCHI- 
DABS cee: eee 75 
xed Cis* 0 3.k aa 69 
Oxycnemis 22130 
OxyPoris - eee rey. wee 19 
Onmytelus) Seteretieee 19 
Pachybrachys ...... 50 
PachyScelitss pani tee 4O 
Ped ers ¢suriiescaere 18 
Ralaminusic kates ee 18 
Pallodes 4 2k tic 30 
IPangees) oo veesihey 15 
Pandeletejus ....<... 75 
Pantscopus-2 saree 75 
Parandra-: Aces 
Paratenétus, . kek 64 
PARNID AL ee eer3s 
Paromalius< 9. s:senane 
Pasimachitis® .cheerncwe 
Passalius' pase eA 
Patrobus:6. een ae 
Pediacus jaar 
Pelecotoma tgs ee 73 
Pelenomts..e ees 0 
Felidhota. <ncek ese 50 
Pentaphyllus 5-22 65 
Rentatia: spree Bee 69 
Penthe= ..eccehaere 67 
Penthelispa = 2-22 25 
Pentilia ate 22 
IPEfICOMPSUS =. wees 6 
Periconaees Santo 8 
Perothopsi7.. kine. 30 


PAGE. 
Pe tallatiti weass occa 44 
ehicedrOmilisin wee cere © 6 
Phenonotum ....... 12 
PHALACRID- .. .21 
PATI GETTS Occ ecaite sv cvan ovens 47 
iBhengodes'ts 2 wcsee% AI 
Phenolia WEsO 
RULE Tt Singeen Petereters 2 50 
1Pdnndllngitdh quieres Bola nie 12 
RAIN MLO IT ENUINS ", storey heer 7 
Philotermes, e./5. 16 
Philothermus ......25 
Phleophagus ...... 8 
Philceotrib tistierects-1-.- 82 
Photius. wears 220 
IPAnfeibbuike in Ge oemeieee 4t 
hve) 2.:..2sce tee 65 
Piyilecthrus os... 22% 60 
WiwNlObemus: H.hestie « A3 
inyllobroticay! 2... 60 
invlllotreta. Heketcd: 62 
Phymaphorae ya. 23 
Phymatodes ........ 2 
Phy rdentis': ss))2. 278 
Physocnemum ..... 52 
FIV LOML chon. me a esenee 53 
Phytonomus ....... 76 
Pihivaxelis «sp meee KS 
PMAZOGMINIS” 8/9 S14 oe 77 
Tewari gt Che ae 79 
Piezocorynus ...... 83 
PNG COMELA ase. False: 8 
Binopmilts Actas LO 
Pisenus Se 
Pithyophthorus . .82 
EI OTOROLUS se, sen. estes 54 
EPLENEHOS hc iotevs ceclacnte of 4I 
IPA niAeCeicibiG) ob eerie 46 
Planydenmdeaeecs a2... 64 
IP Jake iah bth Ghose acto em Zi 
Bley push oeeancba i O2 
Platysthetus, 7.12 <.-. 19 
IBIOGAMMUS! sac ts etn 80 
IPIlOCeteS eae hawt Vi 
[Pkopelavteyn sis some een 6 
IRICe@SOIMa sda 2 
HOGACiS sects ea 30 
Rodalbrus as viop £13, Aan 4I 
Precilomota ys. 1. naso 
Olyiclasis. & 2.2 seer 4t 
Pomphopcea ....... We 
PPateeSs Webs. Fade 64 
ETO CET ate. ie stanyoroek- 43 
itonochieetar «2b 13 
Prionocyphon ...... 34 
Prionoments ©.2%..-.. ofa} 


Index. 


FAGE. 
ROMS as meee ge 
romeroplay smtmenie 30 
PSBEAP EDs rtd, 
IPSENOGeHUS een tere 55 
iPseudebzetis =. ery ckee 2 
Pseudobaris cnt 79 
RSOMLUS eee ee 78 
syilliodess ave stared 62 
Esyillo boas ester eee ee 
Prerostichts ua vasserte 6 
Ptilinus ... BER etAS, 
Rilodachylan ewan ae ass 
IPAM ID Wass soe sera eeu 
IP EIS Finer hike ees A4 
Ptomaphagus ...... 13 
Btosimiayesa. st ee 4O 
SP Ur puriGentis)e.te eur 53 
IRvGnorlyptay see ate 19 
IP\eratorannanls sec A ee 
Pyractomena a's: 4I 
By rochroal eset sya 73 
PYROVCHROID .73 
ev tOpy garners 4I 
BLY GED NIDA Les ex shee 69 
IBVthOu wicca tee cee 69 
Ouwediusiscoase ee 16 
Rhabdopterus ...... 60 
AMIS Weiieva tinea Ee 
TeRATS jcc ons 15 
Rhinonchus .... 79 
RHIPICERIDAE 34 
Rhipidandrus .......46 
RHIPIPHORIDZ 73 
Rhipiphorus ........73 
Rize phaetd Se erste 31 
Rhodobenus ....... 8i 
Rhopalophora ...... 53 
Rhopalopust s« .) 1252 
RHYNCHITIDA W715 
Rihiyaveliites! esas sors ce 75 
Rihnyvssodes 22.2. . 2: at 25 
REDYSS ODD Ay 2.25 
Romoaile timilsae. ies c1 os 53 
Ryssematus ........78 
SHG Coe cobors cole 
SaclavlitySoae secteur 34 
Sapendacnse aston. ets 57 
Sep LS aaslanepeteve at 20 
SAMISee eee teers 58 
SCA PEI DL D 7B se -20 
Scaphidinm. 2: he 20 
Scaphisomiamss-ee eee 21 
SCARABAEIDZE ..47 
Scanitesr. asm caer 4 
Schizogenius ....... A 
SCimbeseue basta aes 34 


195 
PAGE. 
SCOP ID Ath eeo2 
Scolytis; se ees 2 
Scotohatestenentee ae 63 
SCYDMANIDA .14 
SeyamecntiS.--6 oe I4 
GVAMUMUS is ater ee 
Selenophorus 9 
Seni cal yacinceeeanie 49 
Senicodertiss ssa set 
Sericosomus N37 
Siaporunieee seco 
Silisee hipaa tena lceas 2 
Silipivaywete ceca ees ee a 13 
SIDES NUD VAD, Me ps Sell 
Sinoxylom esc: 45 
Sitodrepar bie 44 
SiiOMey Besoacond cou Ae 
SICH O Myke ave eee eede yO 
SmMOdicumesse oe eee 2 
Somat ume 54 eee a 16 
SULOMia aac ac Ble ee 30 
Spermophagus ..... 63 
Spheroderma ...... 61 
Sphenophorus ...... 81 
Sphenostethus ..... 52 
SIRISUUNIDIND) ABS 5 Sols 46 
SpilOnisn esse eae 68 
SPOND Yer 52 
STAPHYLINIDA! 16 
Staph lintisei: an nO 
Skates aoe « aera OF 
SrelidOtam perce sere 30 
SLCMIS errs 62 
Stenolophus 20 
Stenomimus ....... 8I 
Stemosceliis! ata scias- 81 
Stenosphenus ...... 54 
StemOtagss, (each eZ 
Stentisnegr atu semene 17 
Stereopalpus ....... 71 
Stethobaris FE 8o 
Stethonies scoeeeer 35 
Stilicopsise sate saerar 18 
SiBULIG EN mele pipes eae 17 
Siang liaise eee 55 
Simigoderma ai sri.mcc 50 
Strongylium ....... 66 
SiYVORID AL 74 
Sunius Bete TSS 
Syilvantise parca ee 
Symbiotes .22 
SHU MOmay oredr: leas 68 
Syaa'el nih eerie Serer oGe! 
‘SwaatelivaGe) wale ecMomidco 67 
SyilGtauercen sy aera 58 
Sustenaeea nya ts 02 


196 

PAGE. 
(kachiniiseeeeerreee 18 
dhachyeellis ie acheter. 9 
Ra chy Onsen etaci crite 79 
Rachy poss we. qv) 18 
‘Rachyss . chaste 5 
iRaniyamecusy a craictaer 75 
Maphrocenis ware sec: 40 
Melephantiss % acest 26 
Telephorus)2::.5/:0. 42 
Menebriow sees ee 64 
Tenebrioides ....... 32 


TENEBRIONID 63 


SRenetnis see ss sees 20 
Metracha 2% bhices% 2 
Tetragonoderus ,... 5 
*etraOpes (sc \eieeyemrets 57 
Metratoma .o.skeee 67 
MeEtKOPS* 2S. setae 57 
Thaneroclerus ...... 43 
Mharops wy. <,.,eeieoeine 35 
EBhanstis ses )eeuaetolenne 64 
Thermonectes ...... II 
THROS CIDA hee a.38 
ah roscuseic ge sete 38 
Thysanocnemis 5 BF 
(iy.sanOesige tiles ce. 82 
pRalishiw.. cus arenteees 43 
Tmesiphorus ....... 15 
dlonmicus Asal sere 82 


Index. 


PAGE 
SHomodertis yee aie 72 
Aiohnnvop eek ep stasitgmtocke 69 
Moxidimmbeettae. tee 21 
MoxOtropis, sere-ieyeae 83 
FROXOLUS Meera eee 55 
Eicabalis ekraeeeine. ter 28 
“Asailpyelbhehanl aay nisnecre 64 
sirichaliiica. i acteee ee OL 
ilitacramicn seeks 73 
PeCichiliswe eames 51 
iirichobaris: Aine 79 
iitachodes tasamarces 2 
‘irichodesinavens: s.2- 
TRICHOPTERYGI. 
DAR Se say sares iad 20 
difichoptenyscr-ceiere 20 
Trigonodemus ..... 19 
Aichoitbhseae a aadoa nec 15 
AlinbeinelnXeey orocbnas5e 60 
Afiriiioyare es on goscans c 24 
rorodertia pes 27 
irocophilocwsy sy. -yme 19 
OF OSitaweare He 
TROGOSITIDZ . 
rogomylon sce cer: ce 
Tropideres .. 222/583 
PRT OR dave aareke wiatehs 4Q 
glissyiph ents jcmnsce eee 42 
diy popitysie cece 44 


90 


PAGE 
sliv:chiiS sett. seers 15 
Tyloderma .........78 
AP WeaVO) GIS) Ho a5 Gas 53 
WRymMinesi.s teeters 50 
ilivin ined. ic. cetera 27 
Typhloglymma . 81 
‘Ry pOCerus:. «a aenae 55 
Sky pophortis) -eeeerr 50 
JEN UI Re Seda SO AED 5 15 
Wlomia ys tse cee 64 
Uiographis#et seers 56 
Walots crete eet 51 
Verticinotus ....... 15 
Wollastoniavea:-er:- 8 
Kantholintts eek 17 
Wahats Moraieh Wee Gone a5 59 
DRETIOS Ws ,c 0 os tHe E ee 74 
Myleborus) eee. 82 
Xyiletimnus? spans 44 
cylophiliisiee crete ae 2 
XlOpinUs eases ket 63 
Mylony.ckester ascites 50 
My lOLerusesice eerie ne 82 
XevIOtechiis eee 54 
Laglypttsimaceniad eet 78 
LCNO Bier «ie sieves. oteteta ee 34 
PE OTUIEIS Ss ee cke eae 73 
ZAipiiiiine seer ee 6 
Zygobatis:.a15% oko eo 


Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 199 


ae to 2 Wwd. CAOBRCK,. VISd OF ,.AAMILITON 
COUNTY, OHIO, PLANTS, EXCLUSIVE: OF .THE 
LOWER CRYPTOGAMS. 


By WALTER H. AIKEN. 


HAMILTON CouNTY in area is one of the smaller counties 
of the State of Ohio. It includes about three hundred and 
ninety square miles. The county is remarkably well watered 
and fertile. The underlying rocks of the Miami country are 
calcareous, and even the drift gravels are usually composed 
largely of limestone. From both of these sources fertilizing 
elements are imparted to the soil. 

The low water in the Ohio River at Cincinnati is 431.96 
feet above the mean tide at Sandy Hook, and the hills on the 
Ohio side (Walnut Hills, College Hill, and Price Hill) rise 
from 450 to 470 feet above the river. 

The latitude of Cincinnati (the old Observatory) is 39° 6’ 
26” N., its longitude 84° 28’ W. 

The surface of the county is drained by many small rivers 
and streams, the principal being the Big Miami, Little Miami, 
Dry Fork of Whitewater, Mill Creek, Duck Creek, Taylor 
Creek, and Blue Rock Creek. 

North of the present city limits is a spacious basin or 
amphitheater of about twenty-five square miles, into which 
the suburbs are fast extending. As the city and its suburbs 
are thus expanding, the ponds and morasses of years ago are 
fast disappearing, and a great change in the flora of this 
region has resulted. 

The climate of the county is mild and genial. The average 
mean temperature of the year is 52.5° Fht. The average 
annual rainfall in the last thirty-three years has been 38.36 
inches. 

In the following check list many new accessions to the 
Cincinnati Flora will be noticed, largely attributable to the 
numerous railways which center here from all parts of the 
continent, and possibly to the accidental importation of seeds 
of weeds mixed in among the seeds of foreign garden plants. 


Jour. Cin, Soc. Nat, HIst., VoL. XX, No, 4.) I PRINTED MAY 5, 1904. 


200 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Many cultivated plants from public parks and private gardens 
have been added to the list, because such plants are frequently 
brought into the class-rooms of our schools as material for 
study. All the species enumerated, not considered to be 
natives of the region, have their respective native countries 
indicated. 

The following sources have been consulted in compiling 
the catalogue, viz.: 

1.— Synopsis of the Flora of the Western States. By John 
L. Riddell. (1835.) 

2.— Catalogue of Plants, native and naturalized, collected 
in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio, during the years 1834-1844. 
By Thos. G. Lea. (1849.) 

3.— Catalogue of Flowering Plants and Ferns observed in 
the vicinity of Cincinnati. By Joseph Clark. Addenda by 
Robert Buchanan. (1852.) 

4.— Catalogue of the Flowering Plants, Ferns, and Fungi 
growing in the vicinity of Cincinnati. By Joseph F. James. 
(1879.) 

5-—-Additions and Corrections to the Catalogue of Joseph 
F. James. By Davis lL. James. (1881.) 

6.— List of Plants observed growing wild in the vicinity of 
Cincinnati, Ohio. By C. G. Lloyd. (1891.) 

7.— Catalogue of Ohio Plants. By Professor W. A. Keller- 
man and Wm. C. Werner, of Ohio State University. Vol. 
VII, Ohio Geological Reports. (1893.) 

8.—My own private collection of upward of 800 Phaeno- 
gamous Plants, gathered in the vicinity of Cincinnati since 
1895. ; 

9.—The private collection of Miss Lucy Braun, gathered in 
1903, which collection contains many species rare in this 
locality, and is especially rich in the river flora. 

10.— The author has also had the privilege of examining 
many hundred of the collections of the pupils of the Cincin- 
nati High Schools during the past years, covering very fully 
our Spring Flora. 


Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 201 


GECKO LEST, 


1904. 
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Phegopteris 
Be evchi BEECH FERN. 
ae ee hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fee 
MOONWORT. 


dissectum Spreng. 
obliquum Muhl. 
Virginianum (L.) Sw. 


Ophioglossum 
ADDER’S TONGUE. 
vulgatum L. N.U.S. 


OSMUNDACEAE 


Osmunda 
FLOWERING FERN. 
cinnamomea L. 
Claytoniana L,. 

regalis L. 


POLYPODIACEAE 
Filix | 
(Cystopteris) 
BLADDER FERN. 
bulbifera (L.) Underw. 
fragilis (L.) Underw. 


Onoclea 
sensibilis L. 


Dryopteris 
( Aspidium in part) 
SHIELD FERN. 
Goldieana (Hook.) A. Gray 
N. H. U.S. 
marginalis (L.) A. Gray 
Noveboracensis (L.) A. Gray 
spinulosa intermedia (Muhl.) 
Underw. N. U.S. 
Thelypteris (L.) A. Gray. 


Phegopteris (L.) Underw. 
(P. polypodioides Fee) 


Polystichum 
(Aspidium in part) 
acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott 


Camptosorus 
WALKING LEAF. 
rhizophyllus (L.) Link 


Asplenium 

SPLEENWORT. 
acrostichoides Sw. 
(A. thelypteroides Michx.) 

Ini 25 WW ASe 

angustifolium Michx. 
Filix-foemina (L.) Bernh. 
platyneuron (L.) Oakes 
(A. ebeneum Ait.) 
Trichomanes L. 


Adiantum 
MAIDEN HAIR FERN. 
pedatum LL. 


Pteridium 
(Pterts in part) 
BRAKE. 

aquilinum (L,.) Kuhn 


Polypodium 

POLYPODY. 
polypodioides (L:) A. S. Hitche 
(P. incanum Sw.) 


SALVINIACEAE 
Azolla 
Caroliniana Willd. 


202 


EQUISETACEAE 
Equisetum 
HORSETAIL. 
arvense L. N. U.S. 
fluviatile L. 


(EZ. limosum J,.) N. U.S. 
hyemale L,. 
sylvaticum L, 
TAXACEAE 
Taxus 
YEw. 


minor (Michx.) Britton 
(7. Canadensis Willd.) N.U.S. 


Ginko 
MAIDEN-HAIR TREE. 
biloba L. China. 


PINACEAE 
Pinus 
WHITE PINE. 
Strobus ij, Ne he Ue S: 


Larix 
LARCH. 
laricina (Du Roi) Koch. 
(L. Americana Michx. ) 
N: Es. 8: 


Thuja 
ARBOR VITAE. 
occidentalis L. N.E. U.S. 


Juniperus 
JUNIPER, RED CEDAR. 
Virginiana L. 


TYPHACEAE 
Typha 
CAT-TAIL. 
latifolia L. 


SPARGANIACEAE 


Sparganium 
BUR-REED. 
androcladum (Engelm.) Morong 


Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


POTAMOGETONACEAE 
Potamogeton 
POND-WEED. 
foliosus Raf. 
(P. pauciflorus Purch) 
natans J. 
pectinatus L,. 


Zannichellia 


HORNED POND-WEED. 
palustris L. 


ALISIMACEAE 

Alisma 
WATER PLANTAIN. 

Plantago-aquatica L,. 
Sagittaria 
ARROW-HEAD. 

latifolia Willd. 

(\S. variabilis Engelm.) 


HY DROCHARIDACEAE 


Philotria 


( £lodea) 
Canadensis (Michx.) Britton 


GRAMINEAE 
Andropogon 
BEARD GRASS. 
furcatus Muhl. 
scoparius Michx. 
Virginicus L. 
Sorghum 


Halepense (L.) Pers. Asia 


Chrysopogon 
avenaceus (Michx.) Benth. 


Paspalum 
laeve Michx. 
setaceum Michx. 


Panicum 

WITCH GRASS. 
capillare L. 
clandestinum L. 
depauperatum Muhl. 
dichotomum L,. 
linearifolium Scribn. 
Porterianum Nash, 
proliferum Lam, 
virgatum L, 


Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 


Echinochloa 
(Panicum in part) 


Crus-galli (L..) Beauv. Europe. 


Syntherisma 

(Panicum in part) 

CRAB OR FINGER GRASS. 
sanguinalis (L.) Dulac. Europe. 


Chaetochloa 
( Setaria, also [xophorus, Nash) 
BRISTLY FOXTAIL GRASS. 
glauca (L.) Seribn. 
FOXTAIL PIGEON GRASS. Europe 
Italica (l).) Scribn. Europe. 
verticillata (L.) Scribn. Europe. 
viridis (L).) Scribn. 


GREEN FOxTaIL. Europe. 


Cenchrus 


HEDGEHOG OR BURGRASS. 
tribuloides L. 


Zizania 
INDIAN RICE. 
aquatica L,. 


WATER OATS. 


Homalocenchrus 

( Leersia) 
oryzoides (L,.) Poll. 
Virginicus (Wild.) Britton 


Phalaris. 

REED CANARY GRASS. 
arundinacea L. N. U.S. 
Canariensis L. Europe. 


Anthoxanthum 


SWEET VERNAL GRASS. 
odoratum IL,. Europe. 


Aristida 

TRIPLE-AWNED GRASS. 
gracilis Ell. 
purpurascens Poir. 


Muhlenbergia 
diffusa Schreb. 
Mexicana (L,.) Trin. 
tenuiflora (Willd. B. S. P.) 
(MW. Willdenovii Trin. 


Phleum 
TIMOTHY. 
pratense L. Europe 


Alopecurus 
pratensis L. Europe 


Sporobolus 
DROP-SEED GRASS. 
neglectus Nash 


Cinna 
Woop REED-GRASS. 
arundinacea lL. 


Agrostis 
BENT GRASS. 
alba L. Europe 
hyemalis (Walt.) B.S. P. 
(A. scabra Willd.) 
perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman 


Avena 

OAT. 
sativa L. Europe 
striata Michx. 


Arrhenatherum 

OaT GRASS 
elatius (L.) Beauv. Europe 
(A. avenaceum Beauv.) 


Danthonia 
WILD OAT GRASS. 
spicata (J,.) Beauv. 


Spartina 
CORD OR MARSH GRASS. 
cynosuroides (L,.) Willd. 


Eleusine 


Indica (Iy.) Gaertn. Asia 


Tricuspis 

( Trtodta in part.) 
sesleroides (Michx.) Torr. 
(Triodia cuprea Jacq.) 


Eragrostis 
capillaris (1,.) Nees 
Frankii Steud. 
hypnoides (L.) B.S. P. 
(F. reptans Nees. ) 
major Host. Europe 
pectinacea (Michx.) Steud. 
pilosa (I,.) Beauv. Europe 
Purshii Schrad. 


204 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Eatonia Hystrix 
obtusata (Michx.) A. Gray BOTTLE-BRUSH GRASS. 
Pennsylvanica (DC.) A. Gray (Asprella) 
Dactylis Hystrix (L,.) Millsp. 
ORCHARD-GRASS. 
glomerata lL. Europe CYPERACEAE 
Poa Dulichium 
annua I, Asia arundinaceum (L,.) Britton 
compressa I. (D. spathaceum Pers.) 
ENGLISH BLUE GRASS. Europe 
Cyperus 


pratensis L. 
KENTUCKY BLUE GRASS. 
sylvestris A. Gray 


diandrus Torr. 
esculentus L. 
inflexus Muhl. 


Panicularia (C. aristatus Rottb.) 
( Glycerta) strigosus L. 
MANNA GRASS. 
fluitans (l).) Kuntze N. U.S. Kyllinga 
neryata (Willd.) Kuntze. pumila Michx. 
Festuca Scirpus 
elatior L. BULRUSH OR CLUBRUSH. 
MEaAbDow FEScuE. Europe Americanus Pers. 
nutans Willd. (S. pungens Vahl.) 
Bronte atrovirens Muhl. 
lacustris L. 
BROME GRASS. , : 
ae lineatus Michx. 
ciliatus L. 
racemosus I. Europe Eleocharis 
secalinus L. SpIKE-RUSH. 
CHESS. CHEAT. Europe ovata (Roth) Reig 
Lolium | : 4 2 
Fimbristylis 
DARNEL. 


perenne I,, Europe autumnalis (L.) R.& S. 


Agropyron Carex 
repens (L.) Beauv. Europe SEDGE. 
Hordeum Albursina Sheldon 
SoUIRREL TAIL GRASS. Careyana Torr. N. E. U.S: 
jubatum L. N.W.U.S. cephalophora Muhl. 
nodosum LI: W. U.S. conjuncta Boott 
(H. pratense Huds.) crinita Lam. 
vulgare L. BARLEY. Europe cristatella Britton 
Elymus Davisii Schwein. & Torr. 
" WILD RYE. Frankii Kunth 
Canadensis L. (C. stenolepis Torr.) 
striatus Willd. granularis Muh. 
Virginicus L,. hystricina Muhl. 


Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 205 


Jamesii Schwein. 

laxiflora blanda (Dewey) Boott 

laxiflora patulifolia (Dewey) 
Carey 

lupulina Muhl. 

muricata L. Europe 

oligocarpa Schk. 

Pennsylvanica Lam. 

rosea Schk. 

Shortiana Dewey 

sparganioides Muhl. 

triceps Michx. 

varia Muhl. 

vulpinoidea Michx. 


ARACEAE 
Acorus 
SWEET FLaG. 
Calamus L. 


Spathyema 

SKUNK CABBAGE. 

(Symplocarpus ) 
foetida (1,) Raf. 


Arisaema 

INDIAN TURNIP. 
Dracontium (L.) Schott. 
DRAGON-ROOT. 
triphyllum (L,.) Torr. 


LEMNACEAE 
Spirodela 
polyrhiza (L.) Schleid 


COMMELINACEAE 


Commelina 
nudiflora Ll. 
Virginica L. 

Tradescantia 

SPIDERWORT. 


pilosa J. G. C. Lehm. 
Virginiana L,. 


JUNCACEAE 
Juncus 


RUSH. BOG-RUSH. 
effusus L. 
tenuis Willd. 
Torreyi Coville S) W. Unis: 
(/. nodosus var. megacephalus. ) 


Juncoides 
(Luzula) 
Woopb-RUSH. 
campestre (I,.) Kuntze 


LILIACEAE 
Uvularia 


BELLWORT 
grandiflora J. E. Smith 


Hemerocallis 
Day LILy. 
fulva L. Europe 


Allium 
Canadense LL. 
WILD GARLIC. 
cepa L,. 
CULTIVATED ONION. 
cernuum Roth. 
WILD ONION. 
tricoccum Ait. 
WILD WERK. N. E. U.S. 
sativum. C.Bauh. Garric. India 
Lilium 
Canadense I. 
WILD YELLOW LILY. 
superbum L, 
TURK’S-CaP LILY. 
tigrinum Andr. India 


Erythronium 
albidum Nutt. 
WHITE Doc’s TooTH VIOLET. 
Americanum Ker. 
YELLOW ADDER’S TONGUE. 


Quamasia 

( Camassia) 

WILD HYACINTH. 
esculenta (Ker) Coville 
(Camassia Fraseri Torr.) 


206 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Ornithogalum 
STAR OF BETHLEHEM. 
umbellatum L. Europe 


Muscari 
GRAPE HYACINTH. 


botryoides (L.) Mill. Europe 


Yucca 
YuCCA. 
filamentosal. W. U.S. 


CONVALLARIACEAE 


Asparagus 
GARDEN ASPARAGUS. 
officinalis L. Europe 


Vagnera 

(.Smilacina) 

FALSE SOLOMON’S SEAL. 
racemosa (l,.) Morong 


Polygonatum 
SOLOMON’S SEAL. 
biflorum (Walt.) Ell. 


commutatum (R. & S.) Dietr. 


(P. giganteum Dietr.) 


Convallaria 
LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY. 
majalis L. 


Trillium 

WAKE ROBIN. 
cernuum JL, 
erectum L. 
recurvatum Beck 
sessile L. 


SMILACEAE 
Smilax 
GREENBRIER. 
ecirrhata (Engelm.) Wats. 
glauca Walt. 
herbacea IL. 
CARRION-FLOWER. 
hispida Muhl. 


AMARYLLIDACEAE 
Hy poxis 
STAR-GRASS. , 
hirsuta (1,.) Coville 
(H. erecta \,.) 


DIOSCOREACEAE 
Dioscorea 
YAM. 
villosa L. 


IRIDACEAE 
Iris 
FLOWER DE LUCE. 
versicolor L. 
BLUE-FLAG. 


Sisyrinchium 
BLLUE-EYED GRASS. 
graminoides Bicknell 
(.S. anceps of Gray’s Manual, 
6th Edition, not Cav.) 


ORCHIDACEAE 
Orchis 
spectabilis L. 
SHOWY ORCHIS. 


Habenaria 
peramoena A. Gray 


Gyrostachys 

(.Spiranthes ) 

IADIES’ TRESSES. 
cernua (L.) Kuntze 
gracilis Willd. 


Leptorchis 
(Liparts) 
liliifolia (L.) Kuntze 


Pogonia 
trianthophora (Sw.) B.S. P. 


Corallorhiza 

CORAL-ROOT. 
odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt. 
Wisteriana Conrad 


Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 207 


Aplectrum 

PutTty-Root. 
spicatum (Walt.) B.S. P. 
(Ad. hiemale Nutt.) 


SAURURACEAE 


Saururus 
LIZARD’S TAIL, 
cernuus L,. 


JUGLANDACEAE 


Juglans 
cinerea L. 
BUTTERNUT. 
nigra L. 
BLACK WALNUT. 


Hicoria 

(Carya) 

HICKORY. 
alba (L.) Britton 
(C. tomentosa Nutt.) 
glabra (Mill.) Britton 
(C. porcina Nutt.) 
laciniosa (Michx. f.) Sargent 
(C. sulcata Nutt.) 
minima (Marsh.) Britton 
(C. amara Nutt.) 
ovata ( Mill.) Britton 
SHELL-BARK 
(C. alba Nutt.) 


SALICACEAE 
Populus 
POPLAR. ASPEN. 
alba L,. 
WHITE POPLAR. Europe 
balsamifera candicans (Ait. ) 
A. Gray 
deltoides Marsh 
(P. montlifera Ait.) 
NECKLACE POPLAR. 
dilatata Ait. Europe 
grandidentata Michx. 
tremuloides Michx. N. U.S. 


Salix 

WILLOW. 
alba vitellina (L).) Koch Europe 
Babylonica L. 
WEEPING WILLOW. Asia 
cordata Muhl. 
discolor Muhl. 
interior Rowlee 
(S. Zongtfolia Muhl.) 
nigra Marsh. 
BLACK WII,LOwW. 
purpurea Il, Europe 
sericea Marsh. 
SILKY WILLOW. 


BETULACEAE 


Carpinus 
IRON-WOOD. 
Caroliniana Walt. 


Ostrya 
AMERICAN HOp-HORNBEAM. 
Virginiana (Mill.) Willd. 


Corylus 


HAZEL-NUT. 
Americana Walt. 


Betula 


BIRCH. 
populifolia Marsh. 
WHITE BIRCH. 


FAGACEAE 
Fagus 


BEECH. 
Americana Sweet 
(Ff. ferruginea Ait) 


Castanea 
pumila (L.) Mill. 
CHINQUAPIN. 


208 Cincinnati Society of Natural FHstory. 


Quercus 
acuminata (Michx.) Houba 
(Muhlenber gti Engelm.) 
alba Ly. 
WHITE OAK. 
coccinea Wang. 
SCARLET OAK. 
imbricaria Michx. 
LAUREL OAK. 
Leana Nutt. 
macrocarpa Michx. 
Mossy-CuP OAK. 
palustris Du Roi 
platanoides (Lam.) Sudw. 
(dicolor Willd.) 
rubra LL. 
RED OAK. 
velutina Lam. 
(tinctoria Bartr.) 


ULMACEAE 
Ulmus 
ELM. 
Americana I. 
pubesceus Walt. 
SLIPPERY OR RED ELM. 
(U. fulva Michx.) 
racemosa Thomas 


Celtis 
HACKBERRY. 
occidentalis L. 


MORACEAE 
Morus 
MULBERRY. 
rubra Ll. 


Toxylon 

(Maclura) 

OSAGE ORANGE. 
pomiferum Raf. S.W.U.S. 
(M7. aurantiaca Nutt.) 


Broussonetia 


papyrifera (l,.) Vent. Japan 


Humulus 
Hop. 


Lupulus L. 


Cannabis 
HEMP. 


sativa L. Europe 


URTICACEAE 


Urtica 
NETILE. 


dioica Pursh 
gracilis Ait. 


Europe 


Urticastrum 


(Laportea) 


WoOoD-NETTLE. 


divaricatum (L.) Kuntze 
(ZL. Canadensis Gaud.) 


Adicea 


(Pilea ) 
RICHWEED. 


CLEARWEED. 
pumila (L,.) Raf. 


Boehmeria 
FALSE NETTLE. 


cylindrica (L.) Willd. E.U.S. 


Parietaria 
PELLITORY. 


Pennsylvanica Muhl. 


LORANTHACEAE 


Phoradendron 


FALSE MISTLETOE. 


flavescens (Pursh) Nutt. 


SANTALACEAE 


Comandra 


umbellata (l).) Nutt. 


ARISTOLOCHIACEAE 


Asarum 


WILD GINGER. 


1fe) 


Canadense J. 
reflexum Bicknell 


Aristolochia 
BIRTHWORT. 


Serpentaria L. 


Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 209 
POLYGONACEAE Atriplex: 

Rumex ORACHE. 

acetosella L,. hastata lL. W.U.S. 

FIELD OR SHEEP SORREL. patula L. 

Europe 

altissimus Wood. AMARANTHACEAE 

crispus L. Amaranthus 

CURLED Dock. Europe 1 ae. 

obtusifolius L,. graecizans I,. 

BITTER Dock. Europe TomnLE WeED. Ais 
Polygonum hybridus L. Trop. Amer. 
KNOTWEED. (A. chlorostachys Willd.) 


hybridus paniculatus (l.) U.& B 


aviculare L, 
Convolyulus L, 
BLACK BINDWEED. 
erectum L. 
Hydropiper L. 
COMMON SMARTWEED. Europe 
hydropiperoides Michx. 
incarnatum El. 

orientale L. India 
Pennsylvanicum [,. 

Persicaria L. 
LADy’s THUMB. 
punctatum E11. 
Ch acre: WH. Ba Kk. 
sagittatum L,. 
scandens L. 
Virginianum L,. 


Europe 


Europe. 


Fagopyrum 


BUCKWHEAT. 


Fagopyrum (1L,.) Karst. 
(F. esculentum Moench.) Europe 


CHENOPODIACEAE 


Chenopodium 

album L. 
L,AMB’S-QUARTERS. Europe 
ambrosioides L. 
MEXICAN TEA. 
Boscianum Moq. 
Botrys L. Europe & Asia 
glaucum L. Europe 
murale L. Europe 
urbicum L. Europe 


Trop. Amer. 


Trop. Amer. 
retroflexus L. 
spinosus L. 
THORNY AMARANTH. S. U.S. 


Trop. Amer. 


Iresine 
paniculata (L,.) Kuntze 
(Z. celosioides 1,.) 


Acnida 


tamariscina tuberculata Moq. 
SW a 


PHYTOLACCACEAE 


Phytolacca 


POKEWEED. 
decandra IL. 


NYCTAGINACEAE 
Allionia 
(Orybaphus) 

Four O'CLOCK. 
nyctaginea Michx. W. U.S. 


AIZOACEAE 
Mollugo 


INDIAN CHICKWEED. 
verticillata Ll. S. W. U.S. 


PORTULACACEAE 
Claytonia 
SPRING BEAUTY. 
Caroliniana Michx. 
Virginica L,. 


210 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


‘Portulaca 

GARDEN PORTULACA. 
grandiflora Hook. 
oleracea Ly. 
PuRSLANE. S. W. U.S. 


CARYOPHYLLACEAE 
Agrostemma 
CORN COCKLE. 
Githago L. Europe, N. Asia 
(Lychnis Githago Lam.) 


Silene 

CATCHFLY. CAMPION. 
alba Muhl. 
(.S. nivea Otth) 
antirrhina L. 
Caroliniana Walt. 
(.S. Pennsylvanica Michx. 
stellata (L,.) Ait. f. 
STARRY CAMPION. 
Virginica L. 
FIRE PINK. CATCHFLY. 
vulgaris (Moench) Garcke. 

Europe 

Lychnis 

COCKLE. 
dioica L. HKurope 
(L. diurna Sibth.) 


Saponaria 
BOUNCING BET. 
officinalis L. Europe 


Alsine 

( Stellaria) 

CHICKWEED. 
media L. Europe 
pubera (Michx.) Britton 


Cerastium 

CHICKWEED. 
arvense Jy. 
longipedunculatum Muhl. 
(C. nutans Raf.) 
viscosum I. HEurope 
vulgatum L. Europe 


Holosteum 
umbellatum L. Europe 


Arenaria 

SANDWORT. 
serpyllifolia L. Europe 

Anychia 

FORKED CHICKWEED. 
Canadensis (l.) B.S P. 
(A. capillacea DC.) 
dichotoma Michx. 


NYMPHAEACEAE 
Nymphaea 
(Nuphar) 
YELLOW POND LILY. 
advena Soland 


Castalia 
(Nymphaea) 
WATER LILY. 
odorata (Dryand) Wood. 


CERATOPHYLLACEAE 


Ceratophyllum 
HORNWORT. 
demersum Jy. 


MAGNOLIACEAE 


Magnolia 
CUCUMBER TREE. 
acuminata L. 
Fraseri Walt. 


Liriodendron 
TuLIp TREE. 
Tulipifera L. 


ANNONACEAE 
Asimina 
PAPAW. 
triloba (L.) Dunal 


RANUNCULACEAE 


Hydrastis 
ORANGE ROOT. 
Canadensis IL. 


L2 


Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 211 


Caltha 
MARSH MARIGOLD. 
palustris L. 


Isopyrum 
biternatum (Raf.) T. & G. 


Actaea 
WHITE BANEBERRY. 
alba (L,.) Mill. 


Cimicifuga 
BLACK SNAKEROOT. 
COHOSH. 
racemosa (I,.) Nutt. 


BLACK 


Aquilegia 

COLUMBINE. 
Canadensis LL. 
vulgaris L. Europe 


Delphinium 
LARKSPUR 
Ajacis L. Europe 
Carolinianum Walt. 
(D. azureum Michx.) 
tricorne Michx. 
DWARF LARKSPUR. S. W. U.S. 


Anemone 
WIND-FLOWER. 
Canadensis L. 
(A. Pennsylvanaica I,.) 
Virginiana L. 


Hepatica 

LIVER-LEAF. 
acuta (Pursh) Britton 
(H7. acutiloba DC.) 


Syndesmon 
( Anemonella) 
thalictroides (L.) Hoffm. 


Clematis 

VIRGIN’S-BOWER. 
Viorna L,. 
LEATHER-FLOWER, 
Virginiana L, 


Ranunculus 

CROWFOOT. BUTTERCUP. 
abortivus L. 
SMALL-FLOWERED CROWFOOT. 
micranthus Nutt. 
recurvatus Poir. 
repens L. Europe 
sceleratus L,. 
CURSED CROWFOOT. N.E.U.S. 
septentrionalis Poir. 


Thalictrum 
MEADOW-RUE. 
dioicum IL. 
polygamum Muhl, EF. U.S. 
purpurascens L. 
PURPLISH MEADOW-RUE. 
INSEE We Se 


Batrachium 
(Ranunculus in part.) 
trichophyllum (Chaix) Bossch 
(Ranunculus circinatus Sibth ) 


BERBERIDACEAE 


Podophyllum 
MAy APPLE. 
peltatum L. 


Jeffersonia 
TWIN-LEAF. 
diphylla (1.) Pers. 


Caulophyllum 
BLUE COHOSH. 
thalictroides (L.) Michx. 


Berberis 
BARBERRY. 
vulgaris L. Europe 


MENISPERMACEAE 


Menispermum 
MOONSEED 
Canadense L, 


212 Cincinnati Soctety of Natural History. 


LAURACEAE 
Sassafras 
Sassafras (L.) Karst. 
(S. officinale Nees & Eberm.) 


Benzoin 

(Lindera) 

FEVER-BUSH. WILD-ALLSPICE. 
Benzoin (L.) Coult. 


PAPAVERACEAE 


Sanguinaria 
BLOOD-ROOT. 
Canadensis L. 


Stylophorum 
CELANDINE Poppy. 
diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt. 
Ww. U.S. 


Chelidonium 
CELANDINE. 
majus L. Europe 


Argemone 
MEXICAN POPPY. 
Mexicana L. Trop. Amer. 


Papaver 

COMMON Poppy. 
Argemone L,. 
somniferum L. Europe 


FUMARIACEAE 
Bicuculla 
(Dicentra) 
Canadensis (Goldie) Millsp. 
SQUIRREL CORN. 
Cucullaria (L.) Millsp. 
DUTCHMAN’S BREECHES. 


Capnoides 
(Corydalis) 
CORYDALIS 
flavulum (Raf.) Kuntze 


CRUCIFERAE 
Lepidium 
PEPPERGRASS 
campestre (l..) R. Br. Europe 
ENGLISH PEPPERGRASS. 
ruderale L. Europe 
Virginicum L. 


Sisymbrium 
HEDGE MUSTARD. 
officinale (L.) Scop. Europe 


Brassica 
campestris L. Europe 
TURNIP. 
nigra (L..) Koch. Europe 
“BLACK MUSTARD. 


Raphanus 
GARDEN RADISH. 
sativus L. Europe 


Barbarea 

WINTER CRESS. 
Barbarea (L.) MacM. Europe 
(B. vulgaris R. Br. 


Roripa 
(Nasturtium) 
Armoracia (L.) A. S. Hitche. 
Europe 
HORSE RADISH. 
Nasturtium (L.) Rusby. Europe 
(XN officinale R. Br.) 
WATER CRESS. 
palustris (L.) Bess. 
MARSH CRESS. 


Cardamine 
hirsuta L. 
BITTER CRESS. 
purpurea ( Torr.) Britton 


Dentaria 
TOOTHWORT. 
diphylla Michx. 
PEPPER ROOT. 
laciniata Muhl. 
CuT-LEAVED TOOTHWORT. 


14 


Check List af Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 


Bursa 

SHEPHERD’S PURSE. 
Bursa-Pastoris (L.) Brit. 
(Capsella) Europe 


Draba 
WHITLOW GRASS. 
verna L. Europe 


Sophia 
pinnata (Walt.) Howell. 


(Stsymbrium canescens Nutt. 


Arabis 

ROCK CRESS. 
Canadensis L. 
SICKLE-Pop. 
glabra (L.) Bernh. 
TOWER MUSTARD. 
(A. perfoliata Lam. ) 
hirsuta (L.) Scop. 
laevigata (Muhl.) Poir. 


lodanthus 
dentatus (T. & G.) Greene 
(Arabis dentata T. & G.) 
pinnatifidus (Michx.) Steud 
(Thelypodium pinnatifidum) 


Cheiranthus 

(Erysimum) 

WORM-SEED MUSTARD. 
cheiranthoides (I,.) Heller 


Konig 
maritima (L,.) R. Br. Europe 
(Alyssum maritimum I,.) 


Hesperis 
DAME’S VIOLET. 
matronalis L. Europe 


CAPPARIDACEAE 


Polanisia 
CLAMMY WEED. 
graveolens Raf. W. U.S. 


15 


RESEDACEAE 
Reseda 
MIGNONETTE. 


odorata L. Europe. 


CRASSULACEAE 
Sedum 
STONE-CROP. ORPINE. 
telephioides Michx. 
ternatum Michx. 


Penthorum 
DITCH STONE-CROP. 
sedoides L. 


SAXIFRAGACEAE 


Saxifraga 
SAXIFRAGE. 
Virginiensis Michx. 


Heuchera 
ALUM ROOT. 
Americana L,. 


Mitella 
MITRE-WorRT. BISHOP’S-CAP. 
diphylla L. 


HYDRANGEACEAE 


Philadelphus 
MocK-ORANGE or SYRINGA. 
coronarius Il,, Europe 

inodorus Il. Europe. 


Hydrangea 
arborescens J. 
WILD HYDRANGEA. 


213 


SE U..S: 
South E.U.S. 


INind dg WESSY 


GROSSULARIACEAE 
Ribes 
aureum Pursh 
MISSOURI CURRANT. W. U.S. 
Cynosbati L. 
WILD GOOSEBERRY. N.E.U.S. 


rubrum L. Europe 


214 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


HAMAMELIDACEAE 


Liquidambar 
SWEET-GUM TREE. 
Styraciflua L. 


Hamamelis 
WITCH-HAZEL. 
Virginiana L,. 


PLATANACEAE 


Platanus 
SYCAMORE. BUTTON-WOOD. 
occidentalis L. 


ROSACEAE 
Opulaster 
(Physocar pus) 
opulifolius (L.) Kuntze 


Spiraea 
MEADOW-SWEET. 
salicifolia Ly. 


Porteranthus 
( Gillenia) 
INDIAN PHYSIC. 
stipulatus (Muhl.) Britton 
SW We Sh 


Rubus 
Canadensis L,. 
DEWBERRY. 
occidentalis L. 
BLACK RASPBERRY. 
villosus Ait. 
BLACKBERRY. 


Fragaria 
STRAWBERRY. 
Virginiana Duchesne 


(fF. Virginiana var. [/linoensis) 


Potentilla 

CINQUE-FOIL. FIVE-FINGER. 
Canadensis L,. 
Monspeliensis L. 
(P. Norwegica) 
rectal, Europe Asia 


Drymocallis 
(Potentilla in part) 
arguta (Pursh) Rydb. 


Geum 

AVENS. 
Canadense Jacq. 
(G. album Gmel.) 
vernum (Raf.) T. & G. 
Virginianum L,. 


Agrimonia 
AGRIMONY. 
mollis (T. & G.) Britton 


Rosa 

ROSE. 
blanda Ait. 
humilis Marsh. 
rubiginosa L,. 
SWEET BRIAR. Europe 
setigera Michx. 


POMACEAE 
Malus 
(Pyrus in part) 
APPLE. 


coronaria (L.) Mill. 
CRAB-APPLE. 
Malus (L..) Britton Europe 


Amelanchier 
JUNE-BERRY. 
Canadensis (L.) Medic. 


Crataegus 

HAWTHORN. WHITE THORN. 
coccinea L. 
Crus-galli L. 
mollis (T. & G.) Scheele. 
Oxyacantha L. Europe 
punctata Jacq. 


DRUPACEAE 
Prunus 


PLUM, CHERRY. 
Americana Marsh, 
mahaleb L, 
serotina Ehrh, 


16 


Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 


Amy gdalus 
PEACH. 
Persica L. Asia 


CAESALPINACEAE 
Cercis 
RED-BUD. JUDAS-TREE. 
Canadensis L. 


Cassia 
SENNA. 
Marylandica L,. 


Chamaecrista 

(Cassia in part) 

PARTRIDGE PEA. 
fascicularis (Michx.) Greene 
(Cassia chamaecrista 1,.) 


Gleditsia 
triacanthos LL. 
HONEY Locusv. 


Gymnocladus 
KENTUCKY COFFEE-TREE. 
dioicus (I,.) Koch. 
(G. Canadensis Tami.) 


PAPILIONACEAE 


Cladrastis 
YELLOW-WOOD. 
lutea (Michx. f.) Koch 
(C. tinctorta Raf.) 


Baptisia 
INDIGO. 
australis (L.) R. Br. 
FALSE INDIGO. S. W. U. S. 
tinctoria (L.) R. Br. 
WILD INDIGO. 


Medicago 

MEDICK. 
lupulina L. 
BLACK MEDICK. Europe 
Sativa L. 


LUCERNE. ALFALFA. Europe 


Melilotus 

SWEET CLOVER, MELILO’T. 
alba Desv. Europe 
officinalis (Il,.) Lam. Europe 


Trifolium 

CLOVER. 
arvense L, 
RABBIT-FOOT. Europe 
incarnatum I,, Europe 
pratense L,. 
RED CLOVER. Europe 
repens 1. 
WHITE CLOVER. Europe 
stoloniferum Muhl. 
BUFFALO CLOVER. W. U.S. 


Chrysaspis 
(771folium in part) 
agraria (L.) Greene Europe 


Psoralea 
Onobrychis Nutt. 


Amorpha 
HOARY PEA. 
fruticosa lL. 


Cracca 
(Tephrosia) 
Virginiana L,. 


Kraunhia 
( Wisteria) 
WISTERIA. 
frutescens (I,.) Greene 


Robinia 
LOCUST-TREE. 
Pseudacacia lL. S. U.S. 


Astragalus 
Carolinianus LL. 


(A. Canadensis 1.) 


Phaca 
(Astragalus in part) 
neglecta T. & G. 


216 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Meibomia 


(Desmodium) 
TICK-TREFOIL, 


bracteosa (Michx.) Kuntze 


(D. cuspidatum Hook.) 
canescens (L.) Kuntze 
Dillenii (Darl.) Kuntze 


grandiflora (Walt.) Kuntze 


(D. acuminatum DC.) 
Michauxii Vail 

(D. rotundifolium DC.) 
nudiflora (1,.) Kuntze 
paniculata (L.) Kuntze 


pauciflora (Nutt) Kuntze 


Lespedeza 
BUSH-CLOVER. 
procumbens Michx. 


Vicia 
WHtCHs “LARE: 
sativa L. Europe 


Falcata 

(Amphicarpaea) 

HoG PEA-NUT. 
(comosa (L.) Kuntze 
(.4. monoica Nutt.) 


Strophostyles 

(Phaseolus in part) 

KIDNEY BEAN. 
helvola (1,.) Britton 
(S. angulosa E11.) 


GERANIACEAE 


Geranium 

CRANESBILL. 
Carolinianum L,. 
maculatum L. 
WILD CRANESBILL,. 


OXALIDACEAE 
Oxalis 


WoOoOD-SORREL,. 
grandis Small 
stricta L. 
YELLOW WoOoD-SORREL. 
violacea I, 
VIOLET WooD-SORREL,. 


LINACEAE 
Linum 


FLAX. 
usitatissimum L. Europe. 


RUTACEAE 
Xanthoxylum 
PRICKLY ASH. 

Americanum Mill. 


Ptelea 
Hop-TREE. SHRUBBY TREFOIL. 
trifoliata L. 


SIMARUBACEAE 
Ailanthus 
TREE OF HEAVEN. 
glandulosus Desf. China 


POLYGALACEAE 
Polygala 
MiILKWORT. 
Senega L,. 
SENECA SNAKEROOT. 
viridescens L. 
(P. sanguinea YL. 


EUPHORBIACEAE 


Phyllanthus 
Carolinensis Walt. 


Croton 
capitatus Michx. S. W. U.S. 


Acalypha 


THREE-SEEDED MERCURY. 
Virginica L. 


Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 


Ricinus 
CASTOR OIL, PLANT. 
communis L. Africa 


Euphorbia 

SPURGE. 
commutata Engelm. 
corollata L, 
Cyparissias L. Europe. 
dentata Michx. S. W. U.S. 
maculata L. 


marginata Pursh. S. W. U.S. 
obtusata Pursh. S. W. U. S. 


Preslii Guss. 


(2. nutans of authors, not Lag.) 


CALLITRICHACEAE 


Callitriche 
WATER STAR-WORT. 
Austini Engelm. 


LIMNANTHACEAE 


Floerkea 
proserpinacoides Willd. 


ANACARDIACEAE 


Cotinus 

SMOKE TREE. 
cotinoides (Nutt.) Britton 
(Rhus cotinoides Nutt.) 


Rhus 

SUMACH. 
copallina L. 
DWARF SUMACH. 
glabra L. 
SMOOTH SUMACH. 
hirta (L.) Sudw. 
STAGHORN SUMACH. 
(R. typhina I.) 
radicans L. 


POISON Ivy. POISON OAK. 


AQUIFOLIACEAE 
Ilex 
opaca Ait. 
AMERICAN HOLLY. 
verticillata (L).) A. Gray 
BLACK ALDER. 


CELASTRACEAE 


Euonymus 
SPINDLE-TREE. 
atropurpureus Jacq. 
WAAHOO. 
obovatus Nutt. 


Celastrus 
SHRUBBY BITTER-SWEET. 


scandens L, 


STAPHYLEACEAE 


Staphylea 
trifolia L. 


ACERACEAE 
Acer 
MAPLE. 
Negundo L. 
BOx-ELDER. 


(Negundo aceroides Moench) 


nigrum Michx. 
platanoides L. 

rubrum JL. 

RED OR SWAMP MAPLE. 
saccharinum I. 

SILVER MAPLE. 

(A. dasycarpum Ehrh.) 
saccharum Marsh. 
SUGAR OR ROCK MAPLE. 
(A. saccharinum Wang.) 


217 


218 


HIPPOCASTANACEAE 


Aesculus 

BUCKEYE. 
glabra Willd. 
FETID OR OHIO BUCKEYE. 
Hippocastanum JL. 
HORSE CHESTNUT. Asia 
octandra Marsh. 
SWEET BUCKEYE. 
(A. flava Ait.) S. W. U.S. 
hybrida (DC,) Sargent 
(A. flava var. purpurascens ) 


Koelreuteria 
paniculata Laxm. Japan 


SAPINDACEAE 


Cardiospermum 
HEART-SEED. BAI,LOON PEA. 
Halicacabum L. Trop. Amer. 


BALSAMINACEAE 


Impatiens 

JEWEL WEED BALSAM. 
aurea Muhl. 
(/. pallida Nutt.) 
biflora Walt. 
(7. fulva Nutt.) 


RHAMNACEAE 


Rhamnus 
BUCKTHORN. 


lanceolata Pursh. S. W. U.S. 


Ceanothus 
‘NEW JERSEY TEA. 
Americanus L. 


VITACEAE 
Vitis 
aestivalis Michx. 
SUMMER GRAPE. 
cordifolia Michx. 
FROST OR CHICKEN GRAPE. 


20 


Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Parthenocissus 

(Ampelopsis in part) 

VIRGINIA CREEPER. 
quinquefolia (I,.) Planch. 


Ampelopsis 
arborea (L.) Rusby 
( Cissus stans Pers.) 


TILIACEAE 
Tilia 
LINDEN. BASSWOOD. 
Americana L. 
heterophylla Vent. 
WHITE BASSWOOD. 


MALVACEAE 
Abutilon 
INDIAN MALLOw. 
Abutilon (L.) Rusby. Asia 
(A. Avicennae Gaertn.) 


Malva 
MALLOw. 
rotundifolia L. Europe 


Sida 
spinosa L. Tropical America 
Hibiscus 
ROSE MALLOw. 
militaris Cav. HALBERD- 
LEAVED ROSE-MALLOW 
Syriacus L. 
Trionum LL. 
BLADDER KETMIA. Europe 


HYPERICACEAE 
Ascyrum 
ST. PETER’S WORT. 
hypericoides L. 
(A. Crux-Andreae 1.) 


Hypericum 
ST. JOHN’S WORT. 
Canadense L,. 
Drummondii (Grev. & Hook.) 
maculatum Walt. 
mutilum L,. 
prolificum L. 


Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 


Sarothra 
gentianoides L. 


(Hypericum nudicaule Walt. 


VIOLACEAE 
Cubelium 
(.Solea) 
GREEN VIOLET. 
concolor (Forst.) Raf. 


Viola 

VIOLET. 
Canadensis L. 
odorata L. 
obliqua Hill. 
palmata LL. 
COMMON BLUE VIOLET. 
pubescens Ait. 
DOWNY YELLOW VIOLET. 
Rafinesquii Greene 
(tricolor var. arvensis DC.) 
striata Ait. 
PALE VIOLET. 
tricolor lL. PANSy. Europe 


PASSIFLORACEAE 


Passiflora 
PASSION-FLOWER. 
lutea L. 


LYTHRACEAE 
Rotala 
ramosior (l.) Koehne 


Lythrum 
WING-ANGLED LOOSESTRIFE. 
alatum Pursh 


Parsonsia 

(Cuphea) 
petiolata (L.) Rusby 
( Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. 
CLAMMY CUPHEA. 


MELASTOMACEAE 
Rhexia 


MEADOW BEAUTY. 
Virginica L. 


ONAGRACEAE 
Ludwigia 
FALSE LOOSE-STRIFE. 
alternifolia L. 
SEED Box. 


Isnardia 

(Ludwigia in part) 

WATER PURSLANE. 
palustris L. 


Epilobium 
WILLOW-HERB. 
coloratum Muhl. 


Onagra 

( Oenothera in part) 

EVENING PRIMROSE. 
biennis (L.) Scop. 
grandiflora (Ait.) Lindl. 


Gaura 
biennis L. 


Circaea 


ENCHANTER’S NIGHT SHADE. 


Lutetiana L,. 


ARALIACEAE 
Panax 
(dralia in part) 
GINSENG. 
quinquefolium L, 


Aralia 
SPIKENARD. 
racemosa J. 


UMBELLIFERAE 


Sanicula 

BLACK SNAKE-ROOT. 
Canadensis L. 
Marylandica L. 


Chaerophyllum 

CHERVIL. 
procumbens (L.) Crantz 
Shortii T. & G. 


PM 


219 


220 Cincinnati Society of Natural Fiistory. 


Washingtonia Daucus 
(Osmorrhiza) CARROT. 
SWEET CICELY. Carota L. Europe 
Claytoni (Michx.) Britton 
(O. brevistylis DC.) CORNACEAE 
longistylis (Torr.) Britton Nyssa 
‘ SOUR-GUM. 
Caucalis sylvatica Marsh. 
HEDGE BARSEES (NV. multifiora Wang.) 
Authriscus (L.) Huds. Europe 
é : Cornus 
Erigensa DOGWOOD. 


HARBINGER-OF-SPRING. 
bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. 


Amonum Mill. 
(C. sericea 1.) 


Bupleurum asperifolia Michx. 
THOROUGHWORT. candidissima Marsh. 
rotundifolium I). Europe (C. paniculata 1, Her.) 
florida L. 
Zizia 
MEADOW PARSNIP. 
MONOTROPACEAE 
aurea (1,.) Koch 
Monotropa 
Cicuta INDIAN PIPE. 
WATER-HEMLOCK. uniflora L. 
bulbifera Ll. N.E. U.S. 
maculata Ly. PRIMULACEAE 
SPOTTED COWBANE. Samolus 
Deringa BROOK-WEED. 
( Cryptotaenia) floribundus H. B. K. 
HONEWORT. (S. Valerandi var. Americana) 
Canadensis (L.) Kuntze Lysimachia 
Carum LOOSESTRIFE. 
Gusinie nummularia L. 


MONEYWORT. Europe 
: quadrifolia L. 
Taenidia terrestris (l.) B. S. P. 
YELLOW PIMPERNEL. (LZ. stricta Ait.) 
integerrima (L.) Drude 


Carui Ll. Europe 


Be he ; 2 Steironema 

(Pimpinella integerrima 1,.) ciliatum (Inka 
Thaspium lanceolatum (Walt.) A. Gray 
MEADOW-PARSNIP. Anagallis 

barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. PIMPERNEL. 

trifoliatum (L.) Britton arvensis L. Europe 
Pastinaca Dodecatheon 
PARSNIP. AMERICAN COWSLIP. 

sativa L. Europe Meadia L. 


Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 


EBENACEAE 
Diospyros 
PERSIMMON. 
Virginiana L. 


OLEACEAE 
Fraxinus 


Americana L. 

WHITE AsH. 

nigra Marsh. 

(Ff. sambucifolia Lam.) 
BLACK ASH. 
quadrangulata Michx. 
BLUE ASH. 


Syringa 
LILAC. 
vulgaris L. Europe 
Chionanthus 
FRINGE-TREE. 
Virginica L.° 
Ligustrum 


PRIVET. 
vulgare IL. 


GENTIANACEAE 


Sabbatia 
angularis (l,.) Pursh 


Obolaria 
- PENNYWORT. 
Virginica L. 


Gentiana 
GENTIAN. 
Andrewsii Griseb 


Frasera 
AMERICAN COLUMBO. 
Carolinensis Walt. 


APOCYNACEAE 
Vinca 


minor lL. Europe 


Apocynum 

DOGBANE. 
androsaemifolium L. 
cannabinum J. 


INDIAN HEMP. 


ASCLEPIADACEAE 


Asclepias 
MILKWEED. 
exaltata (L.) Muhl. 
(A. phytolaccoides Pursh) 
incarnata L, 
quadrifolia Jacq. 
Syriaca L. 
(A. Cornuti Dec.) 
tuberosa Ly. 
BUTTERFLY-WEED. 
PLEURISY-ROOT. 


Gonolobus 

(Ampelanus; Enslenia) 
laevis Michx. 
(Euslenta albida Nutt.) 


Vincetoxicum 


221 


( Gonolobus of authors, not Michx. 


gonocarpos Walt. 

(G. macrophyllus Willd.) 

obliquum (Jacq.) Britton 
©. Bs U.S. 


CONVOLVULACEAE 


Quamoclit 
(Ipomoea in part) 
coccinea (I,.) Moench 
Trop. Amer. 


Ipomoea 
MORNING GLORY. 
hederacea (1,.) Jacq. 
Trop. Amer. 
lacunosal. S. W. U.S. 
pandurata (L.) Meyer 
WILD POTATO-VINE. 
purpurea (L.) Roth 
Trop. Aimer. 


Convolvulus 


-BINDWEED 


23 


arvensis L. Europe 
sepium L, 

HEDGE BINDWEED. 
spithamaeus L, 


222 Cincinnati Society of Natural Fiistory. 


CUSCUTACEAE Mertensia 
Cuscuta LUNGWwoRT. 
ica Virginica (I,.) DC. 
arvensis Beyrich Lithospermum 
Gronovii Willd. PUCCOON. 
arvense L. Europe 
POLEMONIACEAE canescens (Michx. ) Lehm. 
latifolium Michx. 
Phlox : 
divaricata lL. Echium 
maculata L. BLUE-WEED. 
paniculata L. vulgare L. 
Polemonium VERBENACEAE 
GREEK VALERAIN. 
Verbena 
reptans L. 3 
VERVAIN. 
augustifolia Michx. 
HYDROPHYLLACEAE bracteosa Michx. W. U.S. 
hastata L,. 
Hydrophyllum 
2 ahd BLUE VERVAIN. ° 
WATERLEAF. 


ates Mich stricta Vent. 
appendiculatum Michx. Higa WeRaraine 


Canadense JL. urticaefolia L,. 


macrophyllum Nutt. WHITE VERVAIN 
Virginicum [,. 


Phyla 
Phacelia (Lippia in part) 
bipinnatifida Michx. S.W.U.S. FOoG-FRUIT. 
Purshii Buckley lanceolata (Michx.) Greene 
BORAGINACEAE _ LABIATAE 
Teucrium 
Heliotropium GERMANDER. 
HELIOTROPE. Canadense L. 
Indicum I). India Isanthus 


FALSE PENNYROYAL. 
brachiatus (L.) B.S. P. 
(LZ. coeruleus Michx.) 


Cynoglossum 
HOUND’S-TONGUE. 
officinale L. Europe 


Virginicum L. Scutellaria 
WILD COMFREY. SKULLCAP. 
cordifolia Muhl. 
Lappula -  ineana Muhl. 
*( Echinospermum) (.S. canescens.) 
STICKSEED lateriflora L. 
Lappula (l.) Karst. Europe nervosa Pursh 
Virginiana (L.) Greene parvula Michx. 


24 


Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 


Marrubium 
HOREHOUND. 
vulgare L. Europe 


Agastache 
(Lophanthus) 
GIANT Hyssop. 
nepetoides (L.) Kuntze 
scrophulariaefolia ( Willd.) 
Kuntze. 


Nepeta 
CatT-MINT. 
Cataria L. 


CATNIP. Europe 


Glecoma 

GROUND Ivy. 
hederacea L. Europe 
(Nepeta Glechoma Benth.) 


Prunella 
SELF-HEAL,. 
vulgaris. Europe 


Synandra 
hispidula (Michx.) Britton 
(S. grandifiora Nutt.) 


Lamium 
DEAD-NETTLE. 
amplexicaule L. Europe 


Leonurus 
MOTHERWORT. 
Cardiaca L. Europe 


Salvia 
SAGE. 
lyrata L. 
officinalis L. 
GARDEN SAGE. Europe 


Stachys 

HEDGE-NETTLE. 
aspera Michx. 
cordata Riddell 
tenuifolia Willd. 

(.S. aspera var. glabra A. Gray) 


SaEB. U.S: 


Monarda 
HORSE-MINT. 


fistulosa L,. 


Blephilia 


hirsuta (Pursh) Torr. 


Hedeoma 
Mock PENNYROYAL. 


pulegioides (L.) Pers. 


Melissa 


BALM. 


25 


officinalis L. Europe 


Clinopodium 
(Calamintha) 
CALAMINT. 


vulgare L. 
(C. Clinopodium Benth.) 


Koellia 
(Pycnanthemum) 
BASIL. 


flexuosa (Walt.) MacM. 
pilosa (Nutt.) Britton 

Virginiana (I,.) MacM. 
(P. lanceolatum Pursh) 


Lycopus 
WATER-HOREHOUND. 


Americanus Muhl. 
(L. stnuatus Ell.) 
Virginicus L,. 


Mentha 
MINT. 


Canadensis L. N. U.S. 
piperita L. 
PEPPERMINT. Europe 
spicata L,. 


(M7. virtats 1.) Europe 


Collinsonia 
HORSE-BALM. 


Canadensis L. 


SOLANACEAE 


Physalodes 
(Nicandra) 
APPLE OF PERU. 


Physalodes (L.) Brit. South. Am. 


224 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Lycium 
MATRIMONY VINE. 


vulgare (Ait. f.) Dunal Europe 


Physalis 

GROUND CHERRY. 
heterophylla Nees 
pubescens L. 
Virginiana Mill. 


Solanum 

NIGHTSHADE. 
Carolinense L. 
Dulcamara L. Europe 
nigrum 1. 
rostratum Dunal W. U.S. 
tuberosum LL. 


Lycopersicon 
TOMATO. 
Lycopersicon (L.) Karst. 
(L. esculentum Mill.) 
Trop. Amer. 


Datura 

JAMESTOWN WEED, JIMSON. 
Stramonium L. Asia 
Tatula L. Trop. Amer. 


Nicotiana 
TOBACCO. 
Tabacum L. South Amer. 


SCROPHULARIACEAE 


Verbascum 
MULLEIN. 
Blattaria L. Europe 
Thapsus L. Europe 


Linaria 

TOAD-FLAX. 
Linaria (L.) Karst. Europe 
(L. vulgaris Mill.) 


Antirrhinum 
Majus L. Europe 


Collinsia 
verna Nutt. 


Scrophularia 
Marylandica L. 


Chelone 
TURTLE-HEAD. SNAKE-HEAD. 
glabra L. 


Pentstemon 
BEARD-TONGUE. 
hirsutus (L.) Willd. 
(P. pubescens Soland.) 
Pentstemon (L.) Britton 
(P. laevigatus Soland.) 


Paulownia 
tomentosa (Thurb.) Baill. Japan 
(P. imperialis Sieb. & Zucc.) 


Mimulus 
MONKEY-FLOWER. 
alatus Soland. 

ringens L. 


Gratiola 
HEDGE HyYSSopP. 
Virginiana L. 


Ilysanthes 

FALSE PIMPERNEL, 
dubia (L.) Barnhart 
(Z. gratioloides Benth. ) 


Veronica 

SPEEDWELL. 
peregrina L. 
serpyllifolia L. 


Leptandra 
Virginica (L.) Nutt. 
(Veronica Virginica (U,.) 
Digitalis 
purpurea lL. Europe 
Afzelia 
(Seymeria) 
MULLEN FOXGLOVE. 


macrophylla (Nutt.) Kuntze 
W.U.S. 


26 


Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 


Gerardia 
purpurea L,. 
tenuifolia Vahl. 


Melampyrum 
Cow-WHEAT. 

lineare Lam. 

(WM. Americanum Michx. ) 


Pedicularis 
Canadensis L. 
multifida (Mx.) Benth. 


OROBANCHACEAE 


Conopholis 
SouAWw-RoOoT. 
Americana (L. f.) Wallr. 


Orobanche 

(Aphyllon in part) 

NAKED BROOM-RAPE. 
Ludoviciana Nutt. 


Thalesia 

( Aphyllon) 

CANCER-ROOT. 
uniflora (L.) Britton 


Leptamnium 

(Epiphegus) 

BEECH-DROPS. 
Virginianum (L,.) Raf. 


BIGNONIACEAE 
Catalpa 


Catalpa (L.) Karst. S. W. U.S. 


(C. bignonioides Walt.) 


speciosa Warder. S. W. U.S. 


Campsis 
TRUMPET-FLOWER. 
radicans (L,.) Seem. 
( Tecoma radicans DC.) 


MARTYNIACEAE 


Martynia 

UNICORN-PLANT. 
Louisiana Mill. S. U.S. 
(JT. proboscidea Glox.) 


ACANTHACEAE 


Ruellia 
strepens L. S. W. U.S. 


Dianthera 
WATER-WILLOW. 
Americana L. 


PHRYMACEAE 


Phryma 
LOPSEED. 
Leptostachya L. 


PLANTAGINACEAE 


Plantago 

PLANTAIN. 
aristata Michx. W. U.S. 
lanceolata L. Europe 
Rugelii Dene. 
Virginica L. 


RUBIACEAE 


Houstonia 

BLUETS. INNOCENCE. 
ciliolata Torr. 
coerulea L,. 
purpurea lL. S. E.U.S. 


Cephalanthus 
BUTTON BUSH. 
occidentalis L. 


Spermacoce 
BUTTON-WEED. 
glabra Michx. 


225 


226 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Diodia 
teres Walt. 


Sherardia 
BLUE FIELD MADDER. 
arvensis L. Europe 


Asperula 
WOODRUFF. 
odorata L. 


Galium 

BEDSTRAW. CLEAVERS. 
Aparine L. 
GoosE-GRass. Europe 
circaezans Michx. 
WILD LIQUORICE. 
concinnum T. & G. 
triflorum Michx. 
SWEET-SCENTED. 
tinctorium L,. 


CAPRIFOLIACEAE 


Sambucus 
ELDER. 
Canadensis L. 


Viburnum 

ARROW-WOOD. 
acerifolium L. N. E. U.S. 
Opulus L. 
CRANBERRY-TREE. 
prunifolium L. 

BLACK Haw. 


Triosteum 
HORSE-GENTIAN,. 
angustifolium L. 


Symphoricarpos 

SNOW-BERRY. 
Symphoricarpos (L.) MacM. 
(\S. valgaris Michx. 


Lonicera 

HONEYSUCKLE. 
sempervirens L. 
Sullivantii A. Gray 


VALERIANACEAE 


Valerianella 
LAMB LETTUCE. 
radiata (L,.) Dufr. 


Valeriana 
VALERIAN. 
pauciflora Michx. 


DIPSACEAE 


Dipsacus 
TEASEL. 
sylvestris Huds. Europe 


~ CUCURBITACEAE 


Citrullus 

WATER-MELON. 
Citrullus (L.) Small. Europe 
(C. vulgaris Schrad.) 


Cucumis 
Melo L. Asia 


Lagenaria 
Lagenaria (L,.) Cockerell 
(LZ. vulgaris Ser.) 


Cucurbita 

PUMPKIN. 
Pepo L. 
verrucosa I. 


Micrampelis 

(Megarrhiza) 

WILD BALSAM APPLE. 
lobata (Michx.) Greene 
(Echinocystis lobata T. & G.) 


Sicyos 
ONE-SEEDED BUR-CUCUMBER. 
angulatus LL. 


28 


Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 227 


CAMPANULACEAE 


Campanula 

BELLFLOWER. 
Americana L,. 
aparinoides Pursh 
rapunculoides L,. 


Legouzia 

( Specularia) 

VENUS’ LOOKING-GLASS. 
perfoliata (L,.) Britton 


LOBELIACEAE 


Lobelia 

LOBELIA. 
cardinalis L. 
inflata IL. 
leptostachya A. DC. 
spicata Iam. 
syphilitica L. 


COMPOSITAE 


Vernonia 


IRONWEED. 
fasciculata Michx. S, W. U.S. 


Elephantopus 


ELEPHANT’S-FooT. 
Carolinianus Willd. 


Eupatorium 


THOROUGHWORT. 
ageratoides L, f. 
WHITE SNAKE-ROOT. 
coelestinum L,. 
MIST-FLOWER. 
perfoliatum J,. 
BONESET. 
purpureum L,. 
JOE-PYE WEED. 


Grindelia 
GUM PLANT. 


squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal. 
W. U.S. 


Solidago 

GOLDEN-ROD. 
caesia L, 
Canadensis L. 
flexicaule L. 
(S. Zatifolia I.) 
patula Muhl. 
serotina Ait. 


ulmifolia Muhl. 


Euthamia 

(Solidago in part) 

BUSHY GOLDEN-ROD. 
graminifolia (I,.) Nutt. 
GS. lanceolata 1.) 


Aster 

STARWORT, ASTER. 
cordifolius L. 
divaricatus LL. 
(A. corymbosus Ait.) 
ericoides pilosus (Willd.) Porter 
lateriflorus (L.) Britton 
(A. diffusus Ait.) 
longifolius Lam. 
macrophyllus L. 
Nova-Angliae L,. 
paniculatus Lam. 
phlogifolius Muhl. 
prenanthoides Muhl. _ 
puniceus L. Red stalked A. 
Shortii Hook. 


vimineus Lam. 


228 


Erigeron 

FLEABANE. 
annuus (L.) Pers. 
Philadelphicus L. 
pulchellus Michx. 
(EZ. bellidifolius Muh.) 
ramosus (Walt.) B. S. P. 


Antennaria 

EVERLASTING. 
fallax Greene 
plantaginifolia (L.) Richards. 


Anaphalis 
margaritacea (l.) B. & H. 


Gnaphalium 

CUDWEED. 
purpureum L,. 
uliginosum L. Europe 


Inula 
ELECAMPANE. 
Helenium I, Europe 


Polymnia 

LEAF-CUP. 
Canadensis L. 
Uvedalia L. 


Silphium 

ROSIN-WEED. 
perfoliatum L. 
CupP-PLANT. 
terebinthinaceum Jack. 
PRAIRIE DOCK. 


trifoliatum A.Gray S.E. U.S. 


Ambrosia 

RAGWEED. 
artemisiaefolia L. 
HOG-WEED. 
trifida IL. 
GREAT RAG-WEED. 
integrifolia (Muhl.) T. & G. 


Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Xanthium 

COCKLEBUR. 
Canadense Mill. 
spinosum L. Trop. Amer. 
strumarium L. Europe 


Heliopsis 

OX-EVE. 
helianthoides (L.) B.S. P. 
(H7. laevis Pers.) 


Eclipta 
alba (J,.) Haussk. Trop. Amer. 


Rudbeckia 

CONE-FLOWER. 
hintanly. We Us. 
laciniata L,. 
triloba L. 


Ratibida 

( Lepachys) 

GRAY-HEADED CONE FLOWER. 
pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart 


Helianthus 

SUNFLOWER. 
annuus L. W. U.S. 
decapetalus L. 
giganteus L. 
hirsutus Raf. 
struinosus L. 
tuberosus L. 


Verbesina 
(includes Actinomerts ) 
CROWNBEARD. 
alternifolia (L.) Britton 
(A. squarrosa) 
helianthoides Michx. S.W.U.S. 


Coreopsis 
TICKSEED. 
tinctoria Nutt. 
tripteris L. 
TALL COREOPSIS. 


Check List of Hamilton County, Ohio, Plants. 


Bidens 

BUR-MARIGOLD. 
bipinnata L. 
connata Muhl. 
SwAMP BEGGAR TICKS. 
frondosa L. 
laevis (1.) B. S. P. 
(B. chrysanthemoides Michx.) 
trichosperma (Michx.) Britton 
(Coreopsis trichosp. Michx.) 
tenuiloba (A. Gray) Britton 


Galinsoga 
GALINSOGA. 


parviflora Cav. Europe 


Helenium 

SNEEZE-WEED. 
autumnale L,. 
nudiflorum Nutt. 


Dysodia 
FETID MARIGOLD. 
papposa (Vent.) A. S. Hitche. 
S.W,-U.,S. 
(D. chrysanthemoides Lag.) 


Anthemis 


CHAMOMILE. 
Cotula L. Europe 
nobilis L. Europe. 


Achillea 
YARROW. MILFOIL 
Millefolium L. Europe 


Matricaria 

WILD CHAMOMILE. 
miatricarioides (Less.) Porter 
(M. discoidea DC.) W. U.S. 


Chrysanthemum 

OX-EVE DalIsy. 
Leucanthemum L. Europe. 
Parthenium (L.) Pers. Europe 


31 


229 


Tanacetum 
TANSY. 
vulgare L. Europe. 


Artemisia 

WORMWOOD. 
Abrotanum IL. Europe 
Absinthium L,. 
annua J,. Asia 
biennis Willd. N. W. U.S. 
vulgaris L,. 


Erechtites 


FIRE-WEED. 
hieracifolia (1,.) Raf. 


Mesadenia 

(Cacalia) 

INDIAN PLANTAIN. 
atriplicifolia (L.) Raf. W. U.S. 
reniformis (Muhl.) Raf. 


Senecio 
GROUNDSEL. 
obovatus Muhl. 


Arctium 
BURDOCK. 
Lappa lL. Europe 


Carduus 

(Cnicus) 

COMMON OR PLUMED THISTLE. 
altissimus L,. 
arvensis (L.) Robs. Europe 
discolor (Muhl.) Nutt. 
lanceolatus L. Europe 
Virginianus L. 


Onopordon 


ScoTcH THISTLE. 
acanthium L, Europe. 


230 Cincinnati Soctety 

Adopogon 

(Krigia) 

DWARF DANDELION. 
Carolinianum (Walt.) Britton 
(K. Virginica Willd.) 
Virginicum (L.) Kuntze 
(K. amplexicaulis Nutt. 


CICHORIACEAE 


Tragopogon 
SALSIFY. 
porrifolius lL. Europe 


Taraxacum 
IDANDELION. 
Taraxacum (I,.) Karst. Europe 
(T. officinale Weber) 
Sonchus 
Sow THISTLE. 
arvensis L, Europe. 
asper (L,.) All. Europe 


oleraceus L. Europe 


of Natural History. 


Lactuca 

LETTUCE. 
Canadensis I. 
sagittifolia Ell. 
(L. integrifolia Bigel. 
sativa C. Bauhin 
GARDEN LETTUCE. Europe. 
Scariola lL. Europe. 
spicata (Iam.) A. S. Hitche. 
(L. leucophaea A. Gray) 
villosa Jacq. 
(L. acuminata A. Gray) 
virosa L, 


Nabalus 
(Prenanthes) 
RATTLESNAKE-ROOT. 
albus (1,.) Hook. 
altissimus (Iy.) Hook. 
crepidineus (Michx.) DC. 
Hieracium 
HAWKWEED. 
scabrum Michx. 


Cichorium 
Intybus L. Europe. 


32 


Medicinal Plants Growing in Vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio. 


231 


Poo wet List OF MEDICINAL PLANTS, 
WILD OR CULTIVATED, GROWING IN THE 
VICINITY OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, WITH NOTES 


AS) rO,LHEH PARTS 
PURPOSES. 


USED FOR MEDICINAL 


By WALTER H. AIKEN. 


The numbers refer to the parts used, viz: 


Ir, root; 1b, bark of root; 2, stem 


; 26, bark; 2c, underground stem; 


3, leaves; 4, flowers, 4b, buds; 5, fruit; 6, whole herb; 7, sap; 8, resinous 


exudations,; 9, EXCrescences. 


Osintinda tegalis DL)... 5... 2% I 
cinnamomea L....... I 
Adiantum pedatum L......... 6 


Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn 6 
Equisetum hyemale L......... 6 
Larix laricina (Du Roy) Koch. 2b 


Pee uropaca Tie. . .ie. oes 8 
A-hnja occidentalis 7... ....... 3 
Juniperus Virginiana L....... 3,9 
iy pualatifolia Ey. 02)) ia. 2e0s I 
Alisma Plantago-aquatica L... 3 
INV GHIA SACLVAL gH hist s.2 <ioccc sects 5 
Hordeum vulgare Ty..o2..028), 5 
Agropyrum repens (l.) Beauv. 1 
Meorus Calamus Te. os ecpicis.. 2c 


Spathyema foetida (L.) Raf...1, 5 
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Tor- 


POV as Few S he ROE Meets 2c 
lta mI Ce pa (Ty 2' awaen apni 2@ 
a sativum C. Bauhin..... 2c 


Erythronium Americanum Ker.1, 3 
Asparagus officinalis L 
Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong 1 


Prallinm erectumely.... .. 4.10... I 

ae Sessile Ih: cackamectais I 
Dioscorea villosa ly:3; 5.20265. 2c 
Mrisiversicolorwig i! oh.)aed ashe beet 2c 


(Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. HIST., VOL. XX, No. 4.) 


Corallorhiza odontorhiza Nutt. 1 
ss Wisteriana Conrad 1 
Juglans cineréalysss322) 20) rbs.4 
eS 12 8) Ops eS Se 5 


Populus balsamifera candicans 


CRUE VIA Gray cea accurpts 4b 
Populus grandidentata Mx.... 2b 
cf tremuloides Mx...... 2b 
Salix tligra, Marsh . os ceoe. uk 2b, 4 
D) WPUEP Tea Dy ips) .eo te a: 2b 
Ostrya Virginiana Mx......... 2b 
Opercus alban. 2 nase 2b 
st mura Peat, eas tie. 2b 

e velutina anti: 5.0... 2b 
Ulmus pubescens Walt........ 2b 
NGAUS sebiloy es! Wess oncuc .2b, 5 
Humulus Lupulus L....... 2... 4 
Cannabis sativadly)..s5.42.. 52. 4, 8 
WrticadigicaPurshs.... 2... . iB 
Adicea puma, (Ij. Rates. .s. 3 
Asarum, Canadense L.......... I 
“¢ revlexnm Biche. 20.) I 
Aristolochia serpentarium I... 1 
Rettinexeacetosellanly a yvsjey rier 3 
Se ECEISDUS yas Sey et I 

uP Obtusifoliuselys ssi y. yt: I 

I PRINTED May 5, 1904. 


232 
Polygonum erectum L........ 6 
punctatum L...... 6 
Fagopyrum Fagopyrum (L.) 
TKAESES noe tains eens Bey WS 
Chenopodium ambrosioides L.. 5 
¢ BOTY SU yt. tes. 5 
Amaranthus hybridus L....... 3 
Phytolacca decandra L...... oy 5 
Saponaria officinalis L........ ies! 
Ste ere ciialwlyenieetetitae > aietels aie 6 
Nymphaea advena Sol......... I 
Castalia odorata (Dry.) W..... 1 
Magnolia acuminata L........ 2b 
Liriodendron tulipifera L..... 2b 
Hydrastis Canadensis L........ I 
Actaea al bas ue) e villi emer nee: 2c 
Cimicifuga racemosa (L.)..... I 
Syndesmon thalictroides L. 
ING ESAS er ete ate ies ehiskeet a la or I 
Hepatica acuta (Pursh.) Br.... 6 
Ranunculus repens L.........2¢, 6 
oe sceleratus I.....2c, 6 


Podophyllum peltatum L..... Ze" 
Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers... 1 
Caulophyllum thalictroides L. 1 
Berberis vulgaris L, 
Menispermum Canadense L.... I 
Sassafras Sassafras (L.) Karst. 1b 
Benzoin Benzoin (L.) Coult..2b, 5 


Sanguinaria Canadensis L..... I 
Chelidonium majus L......... it 
Papaver somniferum L........ 5 
Bicuculla Canadensis (Gol.) 
Min ess Re ee ere or I 
Sisymbrium officinale (L.) 
SCOP ls 5 6'fiis ecm acrde ecru ee 5,6 


Roripa armoracia (l.) A.S. H.. 1 
Bursa Bursa-pastoris (L.) Britt. 6 


Heuchera Americana L........ I 
Hydrangea arborescens L..... I 
Liquidambar styraciflua L..... 7 
Hamamelis Virginiana L..... 28 
Porteranthus stipulatus (Muhl) 
Brite.) ea ae oe se 1b 
Rubus willosiis Antersee nee. o- 1b 


Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Fragaria Virginiana Duch..... 5 
Potentilla Cagadensisily.a.. - = aed 
Geum Virginianum L......... I 
Agrimonia mollis (T. & G.) 
Britt iors sentir ls, Meee ee 4 
Malus Malus (\L.) Britt........ 2b 
Prunus serotina Ehrh......... 2b 
Amygdalus Persica L......... Buy 
Cassia Marylandica L.......... 3 
i. @hamaecristaiys ores. 3 


Gymnocladus dioicus L. (Koch.) 5 
Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R.& Br..1, 3 


Melilotus alba Desyv........... Bal 
officinalis (L.) Lam. .3, 4 
Trifolium pratense L,...:...-.. 4 
Robinia Pseudacacia L....... 20a 
Geranium maculatum L....... I 
Oxalis stricta: st ete 6 
6 witlacka En .5 stock oon ee 6 
Linum usitatissimum L....... 5 
Xanthoxylum Americanum L,. 2b,5 
Rieleamiatoliatavlyes- eee 1b 
Ailanthus glandulosa Desf..1b, 2b 
Polygala seneva a aaa ee I 
ne viridescems Ty)... 40: I 
Ricinus communis L.......... 5 
Euphorbia corollata Eng...... Ib 
~ maculata .-<8e seer: 3 
a Preslii Purshiy =: 53: a 
Callitriche Austini Eng........ 6 
Rhus copallina L............ aby 5 
“< glabra Ty, vy BER eee 2b, 5 
<. hirtal (Ey. )Sadw'. -..: 2b, 5 
‘o “radi cansuly ace iit. faeae 3 
Hex opacay Atty: .2°2. 125s emees 3 
Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. 1b 
Celastrus scandens L.......... Ib 
Aesculus Hippocastanum L,... 1b 
Impatiens aurea Muhl......... 6 
a. biflora Wal.....7.... 6 
Ceanothus Americanus L..... Ib 
Parthenocissus quinquefolia 
(Tic) ORL ee tae 2, 2b 


Malva rotundifolia L.......... 6 


Medicinal Plants Growing in Vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio. 


Miola odorata Tee kis 3052 7.4 6 
Oeuothera biennis (L.) Scop.2, 2b 
Bralia racemosaky. ~ cies «-,2%.)2:- I 
Sanicula Marylandica L....... I 
Washingtonia longistylis (Torr. ) 
REED ona. «= 5 eM eresd ease 23 pte Bo I 
Riri tile CANTY lye: 209 cye,2!5 acres 5 
Danes) Carotaiyi st... ae 1,5 
Cornus Amonum Mill........ 2b 
Se, Mae ESS atic caress wk 2b 
Monotropa uniflora L......... I 
Anagallis arvensis L.......... 3 
Diospyros Virginiana L...... 2b, 5 
Fraxinus Americana L........ 2b 
“ mipra Marsh. oo 324- 2b 
y quadrangulata Mx... 2b 
Chionanthus Virginica L...... Ib 
agustrum yaleare 1... .22-..5. 3 
Sabbatia angularis (L.) Pursh. 6 
Frasera Carolinensis Walt..... I 
Apocynum androsaemifoliumL. 1 
cannabinum L..... I 
Asclepias incarnata L....... ceaest 
SyilaCa leery ays 2 ae, 3 I 
i BADE LOSA La o.5 chee I 


Lappula Virginiana (L.) Gr... 


I 
I 
Cynoglossum officinale L..... see 
I 
Mertensia Virginica (L.) D.C. 3 


Verbena hastatal. .... 2.5.0) I 
RS Miiellolia wy 2 Ss. I 
Scutellaria lateriflora L........ 6 
Marrubium vulgare L......... 6 
Bepeta.cataria dy. 22.22 as.6'. <5 3,4 
Glecoma hederacea L.......... 3 
Weonurus'CardiacaWo.3.5..... Ze gl 
Babvia lytata Tocco. es acess... z 
See OLICIMI ALIS Myra soot c: 8,32 = 3 
Hedeoma pulegioides L....... 6 
Melissa officinalis L........... 6 
Koellia pilosa (Nutt.) Britt.... 6 
“ Virginiana (.) McM... 6 
Lycopus VirginicusL.. ...... 6 


233 
Wentharpiperita Iisceeen- 2a: 6 
Spicatanly: taxsss6e2s 2% 6 
Collinsonia Canadensis L...... 6 
Solanum Dulcamara Ty... ....- its 
¥ tuberosum Isa oc) 5 2 6 
a oh Csaq hh sts Pe aI ee re 3 
Lycopersicon Lycopersicon (I. ) 
IRALS ts Hes vets Nees cee nieis = 6 
Datura Stramonium E......... 3,5 
Nicotiana Tabacum J,..:.:...: 3 
Verbascum Thapsus L........ 3,4 
Scrophularia Marylandica L...1, 3 
Ettelqneglabraayh goes: tk. 3 
Veronica peregrina L......... 3 
Leptandra Virginica(L.) Nutt. 1 
Digitalis purpurea L......... 3 
Leptamnium Virginianum (L.) 
Beatie ose ar 6 
Catalpa Catalpa (L.) Karst.... 2b 
Plantago Rugelii Dene........ Is 4 
Cephalanthus occidentalis L.. 2b 
GaliimpAparineay.se.e.sce)- ir 6 
Sambucus Canadensis L....... 4,5 
Viburromvopulis ys sans.) = 2c 2b 
< prunifolium L...... Ib 
Wobeliainflata Wy. 25222 -ceiee 3,5 
Vernonia fasciculata Mx...... I 
Eupatorium perfoliatum L....3, 4 
sa putpuream! Ll.) LE 
Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh.) 
Wyre teers acted Wastes ys ete 3,4 
AStexpusiCenS: ly.2.e 2 cect. a I 
Erigeron ramosus ( Wal.) B.S.P. 6 
Philadelphicus L..... 6 
Anaphalis margaritacea L, (B. 
STE crete, stisisyeus oars ose ctee oe 2 
Inula vieleniuat Eo. ccs cic I 
Polymina Uvedalia L.......... I 
Silphium perfoliatum L....... I 
Ambrosia artemisiaefolia L.... 3 
# jig bots Hs Bs ae em tien 2 
Xanthium spinosum L........ 6 
Rudbeckia laciniata L......... 6 


Helianthus annuus L.......... 5 


234 


Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Bidens bipinnata L........... 


ae 


ce 


connata Viuhlyes- 2822. . 


frOUdOsaleae rier ce: 


Helenium autumnale L....... 
Achillea Millefolium L........ 


Chrysanthemum lLeucanthe- 


mum Ty. . 


Chrysanthemum Parthenium 


(L.) 


Tanacetum vulgare Ijy.).:.. 22.2 6 
Artemisia vulgaris Ij. ..-.0.-2. 3,4 
Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf.1,6 
Atctinm Lappa. dy. sas .0cea ae aes 
Cniens arvensis (1. RODS) .. 5 001 


Taraxacum Taraxacum (L,.) Karst I 
Wactucarsativaly.-- a easeee ae 7 


WirOSan lye ere cra 7 
Nabalus albus (L.) Hook...... 6 


Orthography of Names of the Natades. 235 


ARTICLE VIII.—ORTHOGRAPHY OF NAMES OF 
THE NAIADES. 


By JosuA LINDAHL (CINCINNATI). 


The current literature on the fresh-water mussels, more 
than any other branch of zoology, is so filled with glaring 
orthographic blunders, that it seems necessary that something 
be done, without further delay, toward establishing a fixed 
basis for spelling the scientific names of the 1,200 species and 
varieties which, according to Stmpson’s Synopsis*, belong to 
the world’s fauna of the said group. More than one-fifth of 
them are now generally written wrong, in defiance of the rules 
for the orthography of such names. These rules are set down 
in a series of Canons and Recommendations in the Code of 
Nomenclature, adopted first by the American Ornithologists’ 
Union (New York, 1892). The following have a particular 
bearing on the corrections which I am going to present. 


Canon VIII.—Proper names of species, and of sub- 
species or “‘ varieties,’ are single words, simple or com- 
pound, preferably adjectival or genitival, or taken as such, 
when practicable agreeing in gender and number with 
any generic name with which they are associated in 
binominal or trinominal nomenclature, and written with 
a small initial letter. 


CaNon XXX.--Specific names when adopted as generic 
are not to be changed. 


CANON XL.—The original typography of a name is to 
be rigidly preserved, unless a typographical error is 
evident. 


*Synopsis of the Naiades, or Pearly Fresh-Water Mussels. By Charles Torrey 
Simpson, Aid, Division of Mollusks. From the Proceedings of the United States 
National Museum, Vol. XXII, Washington, 1900. 


Jour. Cin. Soc. NaT. Hist., Vou. XX, No. 5. PRINTED FEBRUARY I, 1906. 


236 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Remarks. +. 2 restrict (the semendation: or 
names to the correction of obvious or known typograph- 
ical errors involving obscurity.* 


RECOMMENDATION I.—The rules of Latin orthography 
are to be adhered to in the construction of scientific names. 


Remarks. . . . For instance, the names which modern 
authors have written Azpunemia ... . potocephala, 
must, according to the laws of etymology, be spelt 
“Eipycnemia . . , peocephala. 


Simpson gave four different forms to the name of one of 
the new genera, described in his “Synopsis,’”’ viz.: Sch7s/o- 
desma (pp. 506 and 514). Shistodesmus (pp. 803 and 804), 
Shistodesma (p. 1036), and Schistodesmus (Table of Contents, 
p. vi of the separate edition of the Synopsis, while the Table 
of Contents of the whole volume of Proceedings has, on p. vii, 
Shistodesmus). ‘The spelling of the first syllable as ‘‘ SAz”’ is 
an impossibility in a Greek word, and the above Recommenda- 
tion I demands that it be written ‘Schz.’?’ Mr. BRYANT 
WALKER (in letters) urges, correctly, that the forms used 
previous to page 803, where the species is first defined, shall 
be considered as xomina nuda. ‘The name, properly translit- 
erated, must therefore stand as Schistodesmus. 


RECOMMENDATION IJI.—In latinizing personal names ° 
only the termination should be changed, except as in 
cases provided for under Recommendation IV. 


Remarks.— ..... . . This recommendation-. .~. . , 
is particularly to be observed in many names ending in 
a, the genitive of which should be @. 


RECOMMENDATION IV.—Names adopted from lan- 
guages. . . . . containing characters not represented 


*Such an error involving obscurity, albeit the fault of the author rather than of 
the typographer, we find in the name of QOuadrula keineriana, dedicated by Lea to: 
“Mr. L. C. Keiner, the author of /conographie des Coguilles Vivantes.’’ But that 
author’s name was LL. C. KIENER. A similar error occurs in Lea’s Anodonta jewit- 
tiana, named in honor of Col. K. Jewett.—Would anybody hesitate to correct such 
lapsus penne ?—See the following Recommendation II, 


2 


Orthography of Names of the Natades. 237 


in the Roman alphabet. . . . should be rendered by the 
corresponding Roman letters or combinations of letters. 

Remarks.—The German 0. . . may be rendered . 
byes) oes 


The above canons and recommendations may be supple- 
mented by the following rule, for certain cases not considered 
by the authors of the Code: 


SUPPLEMENTARY RULE.— When the gender of a word 
used as a generic name can not be decided by any etymolog- 
ical rule, priority of use shall settle the question. 


Remarks.—There are two generic names, Lampszlis and 
Glabaris, to which no linguistic rules can be applied for 
determining their gender, except so far that neither of them 
can be a neuter. Nor is there any rule in the A. O. U. Code 
by which it can be decided whether they are to be considered 
as masculines or feminines. But Rafinesque, who invented 
the name Lampsilis,* described under that new genus three 
species, one of which, Z. ovata, shows that he meant it to be 
afeminine. William Stimpson, in his “Shells of New Eng- 
land,’’ used it likewise as feminine, and the various later 
authors who have treated it as a masculine are in error. 


J. E. Gray coined the name G/adaris without ever using it 
coupled to any specific name. The first author who used it in 
such combinations was Von Ihering. In his ‘ Najaden von 
S. Paulo,’ 1893, he referred half a score of species to that 
genus using the name as feminine, and this priority of use 
must be accepted as decisive. 


Professor Walter Miller, now of the Tulane University in 
New Orleans, published, some years ago, a most excellent 
guide for the compounding of names from Latin and Greek 
roots,t which ought to be carefully perused by Zoologists and 


*Monographie des Coquilles Bivalves Fluviatiles de la Riviére Ohio. Bruxelles, 
1820. 

{Scientific names of Latin and Greek Derivation.—Proc. Cal. Ac. Sc., Third Ser, 
Zoology, Vol. I., No. 3.—San Francisco, 1897, 


3 


238 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Botanists. He says (p. 127): ‘‘If the final member of a nomen 
compositum is a noun, the compound will have the form and 
gender and inflectional stem of that noun,’’ and further (p. 
129): “The gender of the genus name, when it is made a noun, 
depends not on the termination, but upon the gender of the 
noun forming the final element of the compound.” 


This rule is, however, not easily applied in cases where the 
compound has been so distorted, that it is hard to tell whether 
to consider the word as a genuine noun or some kind of mal- 
formed adjective made to pose as a noun. Such examples 
may be found in Anodonta, Alasmirdonta, Symphynota and 
Mycetopoda. ‘To treat them as masculines because the final 
elements of each of them is a masculine noun, it would be 
futile to attempt. We must leave them as feminines. But 
the rule is fully applicable to all names terminating in ofszs, 
which must be feminines (7 os) and those in dema, desma, 
branchus and rhynchus, all of which are neuter—ro fjpa, 
70 deopa a band, (not from 7 déopuy, a bundle), 7a Bpdyxua, gills, 
(not from 6 Bpayxos, hoarseness), and 70 puyxos. 


Many of our conchologists have been puzzled how to handle 
specific names with such terminations as we find in adjectives, 
and the mistaken idea that all specific names are to be consid- 
ered as adjectives has led them occasionally to inflect these 
nouns as adjectives. Unio clava has often been written 
U7. clavus, whereby the intention of the original author to 
compare its shape to that of a c/wé was perverted so as to make 
it look like a mai/. The name U/nzo calceolus, suggesting the 
resemblance of the shell to a slipper, was changed to A/arga- 
rita calceola, which suggests nothing at all. While such 
inflections are obviously wrong, it might appear reasonable, 
when the noun denotes a living being and the Latin language 
has two forms for resp., male and female individuals, that the 
form should be used which corresponds to the gender of the 
generic name. (Unio corvunculus may thus become Lamfp- 
silis corvuncula, Buta consistent application of such a rule 
may lead to a perversion of the significance of the orig- 
inal name. For example: the European stag-beetle (Zucanus 


4 


Orthography of Names of the Natiades. 239 


cervus) has its name from the striking resemblance of its 
mandibles to the antlers of a stag (cervus). If that species 
should have to be transferred to another genus, /., which hap- 
pens to be a feminine noun, and we call the said stag-beetle 
F. cerzva, the fitness of the original appellation would be sadly 
destroyed, as the doe (cerva) has no antlers. The only safe 
rule for the orthography of a specific name, when the species 
shall be shifted from one genus to another, is therefore : /eave 
all nouns unaffected by the gender of the generic name. 


In many specific names ending on enszs, after a geographical 
name ending with a vowel, that vowel is elided, while in others 
it is not, and, in some of the latter, ae is written as a diphthong, 
in others as two distinct vowels. Professor Miller, whom I 
have consulted on this question, writes me: ‘‘Before the sufix 
ensis, elision is imperative, except in the case of y, which is 
so often a consonant that it is always so treated. The words 
suggested would accordingly appear as dhamensis, chalcensts, 
cincinnatensis, demerarensis, monroensis, ohiensis, tampicensis, 
omensts, topekensts, ujijensis, tavoyensts, etc.” 


In the following list of corrected names I have used Simp- 
son’s Synopsis as the basis. The rest of the names adopted, 
or given, by Simpson may be considered as unassailable under 
the protection of the code. Fully aware of the danger of 
doing mischief by any unnecessary change of a published 
name, I have submitted proofs of this paper to five eminent 
judges on questions of nomenclature, and, in every instance, I 
have abided by the verdict of the majority of them—even 
in the case of Dromus dromas, which, according to Canon 
XXX, certainly ought to be Dromas dromas. I beg herewith 
to express my sincere gratitude for the help thus rendered 
by Drs. Wm. Dau, THEODORE GILL, LEONHARD STEJNEGER 
and VICTOR STERKI and Mr. BRYANT WALKER, 


Cincinnatt Society of Natural History. 


List oF CORRECTED NAMES. 


Lampsilis (fem.). 


ventricosa, 

4 satura, 
excavata, 
binominata, 
carlosa, 
ovata, 
ochracea, 
splendida, 
perpasta, 
clarkiana, 
multiradiata, 
brevicula, 

i brittsi, 
biangulata, 
luteola, 

: rosacea, 
radiata, 

i conspicua, 
hydiana, 
approxima, 
contraria, 
porphyrea, 
straminea, 
reeviana, 
ligamentina, 

ne gibba, 

orbiculata, 
teeniata, 
picta, 
punctata, 
bracteata, 
venusta, 
fallaciosa 
recta, 
nasuta, 


) 


subrostrata, 

lienosa, 
fe unicostata, 

propria, 

punicea, 

obscura, 

vaughaniana, 

constricta, 

apicina, 

nigerrima, 

fatua, 

planicostata, 

nebulosa, 

muehlfeldiana, 

amoena, 

tenera, 

sima, 

planca, 

subangulata, 

kirklandiana, 

perpurpurea, 

vibex nigrina, 

suda, 

villosa, 

pellucida, 

papyracea, 

singleyana, 

texasensis compressa, 

parva, 

haliana, 

germana, 

meesta, 

paula, 

pulla, 

alata, 


ims 


poulsoni, 


Orthography of Names of the Naiades. 241 
rovirose, Dromus (mas. ). 
purpurata, dromas, 
umbrosa, 

: : Anodonta (fem.). 
tampicensis, 
livida, wahlamatensis, 
explicata, luculenta. 
alienigena, GILES; 
metallica, eurvala: 
leevissima, picta, 
amphicheena, Gabillotia (fem.). 
scutulata, euphratica churchilliana. 
paludosa, 
argyrata. Unio (mas. ). 
: platyrhynchoideus, 
Hyriopsis (fem.). congareus. 
bialata, 
myersiana, Alasmidonta (fem.). 
pinchoniana, dalecolkie 
vagula, 
caudiculata. Pleurobema (neu.). 
Lepidodesma (neu.). maculatum, 
aliger. holstonense, 
Nephronaias (fem.). ° bournianum, 
medellina CU Seg 
. ; ravenelianum, 
reticulata — oviforme, 
phicusiame rs ornatum, 
eeruginosa, appressum, 
pusuloss, validum 
persulcata, iy 
plicatula, swordianum, 
tayetelia: subglobatum, 
vellicata, eee 
Pies barnesianum, 
pudicum, 
Ptychobranchus (neu. ). bigbyense, 
clintonense, decisum, 
foremanianum, chattanoogense, 
trinacrium. . interventum, 


Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


murrayense. 
curtum, 
taitianum, 
perovatum, 
stabile, 
troschelianum, 
irrasum, 
altum, 
hartmanianum, 
instructum, 
verum, 
rubellum, 
furvum, 
hanleyanum, 
flavidulum, 
bulbosum, 
reclusum, 
brumbyanum, 
strodianum, 
patsaligense, 
favosum, 
lenticulare, 
litum, 
georgianum, 
pyriforme, 
modicum, 
striatum, 
gibberum, 
fascinans rhomboideum, 
argenteum, 
a pannosum, 

connasaugense, 
breve, 

i subellipticum, 
planius, 
estabrookianum, 
striatulum, 
amabile, 


cicatricosum. 


Quadrula (fem.). 


aspera, 

pustulosa kieneriana, 

coccinea paupercula, 

polysticto-scripta, 

polysticta, 

microsticta, 

triclavus, 

cornuum-lunz cinnamo- 
mea. 


Schistodesmus (mas.). 


Cuneopsis (fem.). 


capitata. 


Nodularia (fem.). 


soboles, 
eequatoria, 
caffra, 
‘ africana, 
vaalensis, 


hygapana. 


ce 


Pseudodon (mas.). 


ellipticus, 
cambodiensis. 


Parreysia (fem.). 


wynegungensis, 
vulcanus, 

burmana, 
gowhattensis, 
ngesiana, 
hypsiprymnus, 
chinensis squamosa. 


Ptychorhynchus (neu.). 


pfisteri inspiratum, 


Orthography of Names of the Naiades. 243 


mediastinum, 
apicellatum, 
schomburgkianum, 
murinum (see Errata, Sy- 
nopsis, p. vill) 
Ctenodesma (neu.). 
borneense. 
Tetraplodon (mas.). 
quadrilaterus. 


Castalina (fem.). 


psammeeca. 


Diplodon (mas.). 
rhyaccecus, 
wagnerianus, 
sethiops piricicabanus, 
demerarensis, 
hyleeus. 

Spatha (fem.). 
wahlbergi bourguignati. 


Monocondylza (fem.). 
inermis. 


Glabaris (fem.). 


patagonica. 
- felix, 
crassa, 
rubicunda, 
rotunda, 
membranacea, 
crispata, 
philippiana, 


luteola, 

schomburgkiana, 

cylindracea, 

puelchana, 

limnceca, 

lucida, 

trautwiniana, 

trapezialis, 

4 anserina, 

exotica, 

scripta, 

moretoniana, 

cygneeiformis. 

radiata, 

simpsoniana, 

sinuosa, 

glauca, 
e sinaloensis, 

umbonata, 

jewettiana, 

forbesiana, 

trigona, 

elongata, 

lingulata, 

mortoniana, 

longina, 

leotaudi, 

tenebricosa, 

pastasana, 

schroeteriana, 

obtusa, 

liturata, 

falsa. 


Pisolitic Barite. 245 


ARTICLE IX.—PISOLITIC BARITE. 


By HERMAN WUESTNER, 


CURATOR OF MINERALS, CINCINNATI SOCIETY OF NATURAIL, HISTORY, 
CINCINNATI. 


Mr. B. P. THRASHER, residing at present at Saratoga, 
Texas, on October 24th last, sent to the Museum of the Cin- 
cinnati Society of Natural History, a few pellets of a mineral 
labeled as follows: ‘‘ From water strata, 1350 feet belcw sur 
face, at Saratoga, Hardin Co., Texas. Several barrels of them 
blown out by gas in boring for oul.” 

The specimens being turned over to me for examination, 
blowpipe analysis soon proved these pellets to consist of barite, 
a mineral which has never hitherto been recorded as occurring 
in pisolitic form. 

Dr. Josua Lindahl, Director of the Museum, wrote at once 
to Mr. Thrasher, asking him to send more abundant material 
for examination. In response, Mr. Thrasher forwarded about 
four ounces of the same material, declaring this was all that 
remained, all the rest of it having been left on the ground, 
whence it had now been washed away beyond recovery. He 
also supplemented his previous statements by giving the tem- 
perature of the water that brought up the pellets as 120° F. 
(about 49° C.), adding that this was the only instance where 
such material had been obtained at any oil boring in that 
region. 

Among the pellets were found a few fragments of a brown 
fossil of a porous, sponge-like structure and saturated with 
petroleum. These, too, proved to consist mainly of barite. 
One of them was sent to Dr. E. O. ULRicH, of the U. S. 
Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., for possible indentifi- 
cation. Dr. Ulrich, kindly replying, states that the specimen 
is ‘‘ a fragment of one of the reef building corals,’’ and that 


Jour. CIN. Soc. Nat. HIst., VOL. XX, No. 6. PRINTED MARCH 5, 1906 


246 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


‘“ the occurrence of such corals in the Miocene of Texas is well 
known.’’ He had further consulted his colleague, Dr. T. W. 
VAUGHAN, who said that it “‘may be an Acroporid coral, but 
too poorly preserved for definite determination’’ Fig. 1 
shows photograph of one of these fragments, enlarged 8 diam. 


Fic. 1. 


The pellets in a subsequent chemical analysis (see below) 
were shown also to contain calcium sulfate and strontium sul- 
fate in weighable quantities. They have evidently been 
formed around fragments of the coral as a nucleus, investing 
such fragments with concentric layers of barium (calcium 
and strontium ) sulfate. 


Dr. Ulrich, in his communication, suggests that “the sulfate 
of barium covering may be a metasomatic replacement of a 
similar original calcium carbonate investment. Such a 
replacement may, as in this case, extend to and include the 
nucleus.”’ 


As to the structure of the pellets, a transverse section reveals 
tubes radiating from the nucleus like spokes of a wheel (see 
Figs. 2-4), imbedded in a series of two or three incrusting 
concentric shells, surrounded by a series of cortical layers, 
into which the radiating tubes do not extend, though some 
radiated structure is discernible in the microscopic section of 
these cortical layers also. It seems that after the deposition 
of the inner shells, the process was interrupted, and the outer 
shells were formed at a later period. 


The inner layers are of a bluish white tint and quite com- 
pact; the cortical layers are creamy white and of less compact 


2 


Fic. 2. MiGHoe 


Fia. 4. 


Fig. 2.—Section of a round pellet, x 1o diam. 

Fig. 3.—Section of a spheroidal pellet, x 10 diam. 

Fig. 4.—A portion of the same section as in Fig. 3, x 25 diam. 

Note.—Figs. 2 and 3 are slightly reduced from the size of the 
original photo-micrographs. The original photo-micrograph used for 
Fig. 4 was enlarged in the half-tone from 18% to 25 diam. The neg- 
ative was taken under Obj. 1, Oc. 1 (Winckel). 


248 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


structure. When a transverse section of a pellet is immersed 
for a moment in carmine ink and then washed in water, the 
cortical layers will be seen to have readily absorbed the ink, 
while the inner layers are not affected by the staining fluid. 
Still, upon crushing, even the cortical layers present a consid- 
erable degree of hardness. 


The pellets are of a strikingly uniform appearance. With 
the exception of the smallest ones, on which the incrustation 
has just commenced, and which therefore still present the 
irregular form of the nucleus, they are in most cases nearly 
spherical, rarely spheroidal or discoidal. 


About one-third, in bulk, of the whole quantity consists of 
broken pellets, the remaining two-thirds being unbroken, and 
the total number of these is 456, varying in size, weight and 
form as follows: 


25 pellets, diameter 2.0 to 4.0 mm, form irregular nodular; cortical 
layer thin, or none; ends of tubuli often plainly marked on the sur- 
face, but rarely with an open lumen. Weight of the smallest specimen 
.09 gm. 


37 pellets, diameter 4.0 to 4.5 mm, form approximately spherical. 
Average weight .22 gm. 

384 pellets, diameter 4.5 to 5.0 mm, nearly spherical. Average weight 
.24 gm. 

10 pellets, diameter more than 5 mm in one direction, not over 
4.5 mim in another direction. These 10 specimens are either prolate or 
oblate spheroidal in shape. The largest one, an oblate spheroid, hay- 
ing diameters of 4 and 7.5 mm, weighs .40 gm. 


The largest fragment of the coral (Fig. 1) measures 8 mm. 
in width, but only 3 mm in thickness, and weighs .15 gm; 
another, 6 mm. in width, has a thickness of 3.5mm. ‘The 
others a still smaller. 


In order to account for the uniformity of the round pellets 
and the scarcity of the flat ones, we may suppose that, in tap- 
ping the underground repository of these peculiar formations, 
the upward stream of water carried only those pellets which 
did not exceed a certain maximum weight. As to the flat 
pieces, whose weight exceeds that limit, it seems that the 


4 


OF OCiENCES 


Pisolitic Barite. 249 


stream brought to the surface only those few which happened 
to present their flat surface in a direction perpendicular to 
that of the upward pressure. The others, tilted, did not pre- 
sent as large an effective surface, i. e., did not sustain the same 
lifting force. 

The manner in which these pellets were tormed is probably 
a matter of conjecture. In this particular case, it is not likely 
that these bodies were carried by a subterranean stream, 
because, as Mr. Thrasher states, no such material has been 
encountered before in deep borings which have been carried 
on in neighboring localities. 

It is quite probable, therefore, that the pellets are the 
product of a confined locality, and were formed by a subter- 
ranean spring carrying barite in solution, much in the same 
manner as the pisolitic aragonite in the Sprudel of Carlsbad, 
Bohemia, is believed to be formed. The coral fragments result- 
ing from the breaking up of an underground deposit, were 
carried up by the spring, and each fragment was kept spinning 
around while layer after layer of barite was deposited around 
it, a process which continued until the pellets grew too heavy 
to be kept in suspension. 


The radiating tubuli may then be the result of the centri- 
fugal force by which the oil contents of the nucleus were con- 
stantly brought to the open pores on the surface, preventing 
deposition of barite within the pores. Each additional coating 
encroached, however, on the lumen of each tubule, causing 
them to grow narrower as their length increased. 


Whether the coral nucleus and the incrusting shells, orig- 
inally, consisted of barite, or of calcite subsequently changed 
by a metasomatic substitution of barite, is a question which it 
may. not be possible to decide as long as the original deposit 
of the material remains inaccessible. A similar substitution 
has taken place in the oolite from Centre County, Pa., where 
silica has taken the place of calcium carbonate. 


Dr. S. WALDBOTT, of the Ohio Mechanics Institute, has 
most kindly made a quantitative analysis of the materials 
herein described, and submits the following results : 


250 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Shell | Nucleus | Coral 
8461 4084 0617 
| 
Volatile Hydrocarbons......... 17% 98% | 1.62% 
WVolatilevat red heatven.. -2e 3248) 220 3.08 
Ba SOs ere sas ccake saree eae 92.78 92.59 | 83.4 
aS Ole srnteiade siereiremae seeker te 3.31 2.79 | undetermined 
Sr SO a aati check 1.36 10473} none 
Undetermined (iron, unburned : | 
WrdowWlabinwecesacos use sono 1.60 2.40 
100.00% | 100.009 | 


*After removing nuclei from several broken pellets. 
+Taken out of the same broken pellets. 


Specific gravity of pellets, 3.99. 

In order to ascertain the geological age of the stratum 
whence the pellets were ejected, Dr. Lindahl secured, 
through the courtesy of Mr. Thrasher, a copy of the boring 
log, which contained the following note: ‘1322 to 1375 feet : 
Oil, sand, . .. . . Formations (pellets) came from 1350 
feet. Water temperature 120°.” 

Comparing the log with data published in U. S. G. S., 
Bulletin No. 212 (‘Oil Fields of the Texas-Louisana Gulf 
Coastal Plain. By Dr. C. W. Hayes and William Kennedy), 
Dr. Lindahl came to the conclusion that the strata at the 
above depth might reasonably be guessed to belong to the 
lowest Neocene beds, “3 d”’ of the section on page 20 of the 
said Bulletin, and Dr. Hayes, to whom the log was submitted, 
confirmed the conjecture in the following words: ‘‘This is as 
neat as any one else could guess.—C. W. H.” The Bulletin 
states that sands of those beds “‘ carry fossils of Miocene age.” 
As remarked above, Drs. Ulrich and Vaughan considered the 
brown particles as fragments of a Miocene coral. 

For the photo-micrographs, here reproduced in half-tone 
(Figs. 2-4), I am greatly indebted to Drs. M. L. HEIDINGS- 
FEI.D and A. J. MARKLEY, of Cincinnati. I also wish to 
express my gratitude to Dr. JosuA LINDAHL, Director of the 
Museum of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, for his 
kind and unselfish co-operation in connection with the subject 
herein presented. 


Coleoptera of the Cincinnati Region. 251 


ARTICLE X.—ECOLOGICAL NOTES ON SOME COLEOP- 
TERA OF THE CINCINNATI REGION, INCLUDING 
SEVEN NEW SPECIES. 


By CHARLES Dury (CINCINNATI). 


HAMOTUS BATRISIOIDES Lec. 


I have taken a number of this curious species by sifting the 
decayed and honeycombed interior of a standing dead tree. 
Both males and females were taken. I notice that the anten- 
nal club of female is smaller than that of the male. April 2 
to May 2, Cincinnati, Ohio. 


HOMGUSA EXPANSA Lec. 


This flat little species was sifted from a nest of pale ants, 
Lastus claviger, May 7. 


SCOPAOPSIS DURYI Casey. 


Sifted from the debris of a patch of withered fungus, 4gar7- 
cin@; three specimens. See Revision of American Peederini. 
Casey. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 1905, vol. xv., No. 2, p. 216. 


PTINIDIUM LINEATUM Lec. 


This very minute species lives under the decaying bark of 
the “Honey Locust,” in moist places. I have also sifted it 
from the debris at the base of these trees. May 4. 


ANAMORPHUS PUSILLUS Zimme. 


One specimen, July 7, taken feeding on fungus on beech 
log in company with Aymébus minor, which species it resem- 
bles in an astonishing manner. 


COLYPHUS MELANOPTERUS MN. sp. 


Jet black, shining, except the thorax, which is rose pink, 
and the mouth and front, which are pale testaceous. Head 


Jour. CIN. Soc. Nat. Hist. VOL. XX, No. 7. PRINTED MARCH 8, 1906 


1 


252 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


with scattered, fine punctures. Front with a broad crescentic 
impression, interrupted at middle. Eyes large, prominent. 
Antenne eleven-jointed, without club, the joints gradually 
becoming wider to the tenth. Thorax with a broad black 
furcate mark extending from base to apex. Elytra coarsely 
cribrate and but little wider than thorax; widest about the 
middle, with prominent humeri. Body sparsely covered with 
erect black hairs. This species comes nearest Colyphus fur- 
catus Sch., but is longer, much less hairy, the elytra are more 
shining and immaculate jet black. 8 mm. Cincinnati, Ohio. 
As defined by Mr. Gorham in Biologia, vol. iii., p. 2, this spe- 
cies belongs in his ‘‘Sec. A.’’ I took one specimen while 
sweeping low vegetation in river bottom, July 5, 1905. I was 
very much surprised to see a representative of this genus so 
far north as Cincinnati. 


PTILINUS RUFICORNIS Say. 


May 20, 1905, I saw a maple stump that had a large flat 
sliver sticking up on one side. Into this a number of this 
species were cutting round holes. Many of them were half 
buried, leaving the posterior end sticking out of thehole. All 
were females. Until late in June they were at work here, and 
also on the wood of a split beech tree. I never take males in 
such a situation, but get them by beating dead branches. The 
male is much rarer than the female. 


ODONTOSPHINDUS DENTICOLLIS Lec. 


June 11, 1905, I took this species eating a dark brown 
powdery fungus that was growing on a poplar-log. Sphindus 
americanus Lec lives in same fungus. Americanus is abund- 
ant, denticollis is rare, and Lurysphindus hirtus Lec. is very 
rare here. 

LACHNOSTERNA VEHEMENS /forn. 

Twenty-two males of this species were taken flying about 

electriclights. Superficially it resembles Z. fusca very closely, 


but the curved and hooked inner spur of hind tibia and the 
broad angulation of hind femur distinguish it. The types 


9 
a 


Coleoptera of the Cincinnati Region. 253 


were from Kansas. It is a very abundant species here, but no 
females have yet been taken. 


CRIOCERIS ASPARAGI L772. 


The first specimen I have seen from Cincinnati of this intro- 
duced species was taken July 7, 1905, on Walnut Hills, by 
Miss Anette Braun. 


NEOBROTICA (GALERUCA) DORSATA Say. 


In a note by me in Ent. News for February, 1904, p. 53, 
I mention the occurrence of this beautiful Chrysomelid. 
Further search shows the thing to be abundant, and that its 
plant is perhapsthe ‘‘Spiderwort”’ 7vadescantia Virginica. I 
failed to find the larvee, but the stems of the plant were, many 
of them, eaten out by some large larvee. I could not find any 
evidence that they had eaten the roots, as does Diabrotica on 
other plants. Wherever I found the ‘‘Spiderwort,” there I 
found the beetles. Ina large patch of the plant, as late as 
July 22, 1905, I found them common, though very wild. I 
netted forty-three; all were females, the males being entirely 
gone at this date. The curiously modified male antenne sug- 
gest that the species is a Neobrotica. 


EPITRIX HUMERALIS N. Sp. 


About the size and-proportions of Apfitrix fuscula Crotch, 
but with coarser punctures on elytra. Ante-basal impression 
well marked. Color rufous with a feebly defined piceous 
cloud on disk of elytra. ‘The humeral umbones with a pale 
spot, not sharply defined. Legs rufotestaceous. Length 2.5 
mm. ‘Three specimens from Cincinnati, O., one from Indiana 
and one from Kansas (Mr. Knaus). 


CREPIDODERA ASCULI Nn. Sp. 


Allied to Crepidodera rufipes, but averages more slender, 
color of adult (including thorax) always dark piceous green, 
shining. Legs pale as invufipes. Immature specimens paler, 
but always showing the green reflections. Thorax more dis- 
tinctly punctured than rufipes. Length3.5mm. Occurs 


>) 
»” 


254 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


abundantly on the “ Buckeye,’ “sculus glabra, Crepidodera 
rufipes occurs on the common locust Robinia pseudacacia. 


PHYLLOTRETA LINDAHLI Nn. Sp. 


Elongate oval, convex, black, shining. Thorax wider than 
long, minutely alutaceus. Punctures fine, becoming coarser 
towards base. Elytra, wider at base than thorax, with humeri 
rounded. Disk coarsely punctured, with a faint strial arrange- 
ment. Tibia, tarsiand aniennze (except the last four joints 
of antennze, which are piceous) pale. 


Male characters. 


Last ventral segment rounded at tip with a deep rounded 
depression, which extends forward in triangular shape through 
the entire length of the penultimate segment. In bottom of 
the depression is a groove extending its length. There are 
two minute tubercles at bottom of depression near apex of 
last segment. 


- Female characters. 


Last ventral segment with a shallow fovea near tip. Oblit-- 
erated in one specimen. 

Four specimens 2.6 mm. Cincinnati, Ohio, May 30. This 
species belongs in series ‘‘B.’’ Phyllotreta of Horn’s paper on 
Halticini, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xvi, and comes nearest 
lewisit. Dedicated to that industrious: naturalist, Dr. Josua 
Lindahl. 


EUSTROPHUS BRUNNEIMARGINATUS N. Sp. 


Oval, convex, moderately attenuate posteriorly. Body 
above black, sparsely pubescent. Head rufous, coarsely 
punctured. Hyes very narrowly separated. Thorax finely 
punctured, and with a broad brown marginal band, extending 
around the front from one hind angle tothe other. This band 
is rather densely pubescent with fulvous hairs. Elytra striato- 
punctate, with a similar brown band extending around margin 
from one humerus to the other. Beneath, including legs, 
rufous, rather fnely punctured. The punctures of mesoster- 
num and ventral segments being ocarser than those of pro- 


4 


Coleoptera of the Cincinnati Region. 255 


notum. ‘The sculpture is rather coarser than in Lustrophus 
bicolor. Prosternum is not prolonged behind coxze. Posterior 
tibize have transverse ridges, as in &. dzcolor. As compared 
with dzcolor this species is smaller, broader for its length, less 
shining, much less attenuate behind, less distinctly striate, 
with finer punctures in striz, and with the fulvous border, 
Antenne as in bicolor. Two specimens, Kentucky, near 
Cincinnati, Ohio, 4.8 mm. and 3.7 mm. long. 


MORDELLISTENA DELICATULA Nl. Sp. 


Elongate, very slender, piceous in color, with front of 
head, mouth parts, front and middle legs and antennz pale 
rufotestaceous. ‘The elytra thickly covered with rather coarse, 
sage green pubescence. Tibia with two ridges, anterior one 
extending across the outer face of the tibia. First tarsal joint 
with three, second with two oblique ridges. Length 3.5 mm. 
Seven specimens, Cincinnati, Ohio. The most slender species 
I have seen. The bright shining sage green pubescence 
fades out to silvery in old specimens. From the description 
I had always thought this was sp/endens Smith. But after 
seeing some of that species collected at Cameron, La., by Prof. 
Hine, and, comparing with the types in national museum, I 
see it is quite different. 


ACROSCHISMUS 
Acroschismus is a generic name proposed by Mr. W. D. 
Pierce for some new species of the family Sty/opide, specimens 
of which I have bred here from parasitized wasps. I have 
taken three distinct species, for which Mr. Pierce proposes the 
names in following list (Art. XI.). Descriptions will be given 
in a monographic paper shortly to be issued by him. 


CATASPASTUS CONSPERSUS Lec. 
Occurred by hundreds on ‘‘ Prickly Ash’”’ (Xanthoxylum) 
May 5. 
CANISTES SCHUSTERI Csy. 
I took two of this very rare species July 12, 1905. They 
were standing high up on their clumsy legs in a patch of dark 


5 


256 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


colored fungus which was growing on the underside of a beech 
log in thick woods. They were gnawing at the fungus. 
IDIOSTETHUS SUBCALVUS Lec. 
Occurs in great numbers in the flowers of ydrophyllum 
appendiculatum. May. I have been unable to find its larve. 
PSOMUS POLITUS Csy. 


Occurs commonly on ash sprouts (/raxinus americana) 
June 1 to 25, 


Coleoptera of the Cincinnati Region. 257 


ARTICLE XI.—ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF CINCINNATI 


COLEOPTERA. 


By CHARLES DurRY. 


In Article V. of this volume* I have enumerated 2,031 spe- 
cies of Coleoptera observed near Cincinnati. In the following 
Supplementary List 209 species are given, making a total of 
2,240 species. I have yet more than fifty unidentified species. 
I think 2,500 or more species will eventually be found here. 


CICINDELIDA. 


Cicindela duodecimguttata De7. 


CARABIDAR. 
Cychrus nitidicollis Chev. 
Scarites substriatus Ha/d. 
Dyschirius globulosus Say. 
Aspidoglossa subangulata Chd. 
Bembidium guexi Chd. 
postfasciatum Ham. 
dentellum 7hunbd. 
dilatatum Lec. 
Tachys corruscus Lec. 
Pterostichus purpuratus Lec. 
Stolonis ulkei Horn. 
Badister flavipes Lec. 
Apristus subsuleatus De. 
Chlzenius laticollis Say. 
solitarius Say. 
Gynandropus hylacis Say. 
Selenophorus pedicularis De7. 
Harpalus autumnalis Say. 
Acupalpus'carus Lec. 


SILPHID AS. 
Aglyptus levis Lec. 


HYDROPHILID A. 
Cercyon navicularis Zzmm. 


***A revised list of Coleoptera observed near Cincinnati, O.’’—This Journal. 


Vol, 2ex> Now 3, Art.5V. 


flavipes Fad. 
analis Payk. 


SCYDMANID&. 
Eutheia americana Casey. 


PSELAPHIDA. 
Hamotus batrisioides Lec. 
Decarthron abnorme Lec. 
exsectum Arend. 
Batrisus virginie Casey. 
Euplectus congener Casey. 


STAPHYLINIDA. 
Falagria quadriceps Lec. 
Xenodusa cava Lec. 
Homceusa expausa Lec. 
Oxypoda opacula Fauv. 
Myllzena infuscata Avaazz. 
Bolitochara picta Fauv. 
Heterothops pusio Lec. 
Philonthus asper Horn. 
quadricollis Horn. 
microphthalmus //orn. 
sordidus Grav. 
inquietus Zrich. 
serpentinus Horn. 
micans Grav. 
Xautholinus gularis Lec. 


~J 


258 Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Lathrobium pallidulum Lec. 

Leptolinus rubripennis Lec. 

Gastrolobium carolinum £7. 

Hesperobium sellatum Lec. 
cribratum Lec. 

Scopeeopsis duryi Casey. 

Stilicus opaculus Lec. 

Sciocharella n. sp. 

near delicatula 
Sciocharis carolinenis Csy. 


Leptogenius brevicornis Csy. 


Sunius brevipennis Auwct. 
prolixus £7. 
discopunctatus Say. 

Tachinus nitiduloides Horn. 
repandus Hforn. 
fimbriatus Grav. 

Tachyporus nanus £7. 
elegans Horn. 

Conosoma knoxii Lec. 
pubescens Payk. 

Boletobius axilaris Grav. 
queesitor Horn. 

Mycetoporus lucidulus Lec. 
lepidus £7. 

Oxytelus exiguus £7. 

Lispinus linearis £7. 

Nototaphra lauta Casey. 

Atheta (near sordida /M/e/sh.) 

Anthobium convexum /auv. 

Eleusis canadensis. 


TRICHOPTERYGIDAS. 


Ptinidium evanescens Marsh. 


lineatum Lec. 
Ptinellodes lecontei J/a/th. 


SCAPHIDIID. 
Beeocera apicalis Lec. 
abdominalis Csy. 


PHALACRIDAS. 
Severalunidentified species 


CORYLOPHIDA. 
Sacium misellum Zéc. 


Corylophodes marginicollis Lec. 
Orthoperus micros Casey. 


COCCINELLIDA. * 
Hyperaspis punctatus MWe/sh. 


ENDOMYCHIDA:. 
Symbiotes pygmzus Gohr. 
sp. 
Anamorphus pusillus Z7mm. 


EROTYLIDA®. 
Languria uhleri Horn. 
Acropteroxys lecontei C7. 


COLYDIIDA. 
Synchita laticollis Lec. 


CRYPTOPHAGID. 
Henoticus serratus Gy//. 
Cryptophagus acutangulus Gy//. 

n. sp. 
Czenoscelis obscura Casey. 


MYCETOPHAGID&. 
Mycetophagus subdepressus Csy. 


DERMESTID#. 
Cryptorhopalum triste Lec. 


NITIDULIDAS. 
Brachypterus urtice Fad, 
Cercus pennatus JZurr. 
Carpophilus melanopterus Zr. 
Epurea planulata £7. 


LATHRIDIUD A. 
Holoparamecus caularum Auéé, 
Corticaria ferruginea J/arsh. 

elongata Gy//. 
Cartodere costulata Rez?. 
Melanophthalma longipennis Lec. 


DASCYLLIDA. 
Eucinetus strigosus Lec. 


ELATERIDA. 
Microrrhagus imperfectus Lec. 


8 


Coleoptera of the Cincinnati Region. 


Adelothyreus dejeani Bonz. 
Nematodes collaris Bonv. 
Hylochares nigricornis Say. 
Esthesopus claricollis Say. 
Cryptohypnus choris Say. 

melsheimeri Hor. 

cucullatus Horn. 
Hypuoides striatulus Horn. 
Elater collaris Say. 

pusio Germ. 

insignis Lec. 
Drasterius amabilis Lec. 
Agriotes insanus Cazd. 
Dolopius lateralis Esch. 
Limonius plebejus Say. 

nl. Sp. 
Athous cucullatus Zsch. 


Corymbites signaticollis MWe/sh. 


THROSCID AS. 
Alonothroscus calocerus on. 


BUPRESTIDA. 
Anthaxia flavimana Gory. 
Agrilus n. sp. 


MALACHIDA. 
Pseudebeeus apicalis Say. 
Attalus melanopterus 7,7. 


CLERIDAS. 
Hydnocera difficilis Lec. 
Chariessa onusta Say. 
Colyphus melanopterus Dury. 


PTINIDAS. 
Ptinus falli Pzc. 
Oligomerus obtusus Lec. 
Trichodesma klagesi Fad/. 
Hadrobregmus pusillus Fa//. 
Xyletinus harrisi Fa//. 
Lasioderma semirufum Fad/, 
Petalium seriatum Fa//. 
Eupactus obsoletus /a//. 
atorama nigritulum Lec. 
vexatum Fad/, 
gracile Fa//. 


confusum /Fa//. 
dichroum Fad/. 
Dorcatoma dresdensis ///s/. 
Protheca hispida Lec. 
puberula Lec. 
Eutylistis intermedius Lec. 
incomptus Lec. 
Czenocara bicolor Germ. 
Ptilinus lobatus Csy. 


BOSTRICHIDA. 
Lichenophanes armiger Lec. 
angustus Csy. 
Dinoderus porcatus Lec. 


SPHINDIDA:. 
Eurysphindus hirtus Lec. 


SCARABAIDAS. 
Ateenius lecontei H/ar. 
Hoplia trifasciata Say. 
Lachnosterna marginalis Lec. 
vehemens Horn. 
balia Say. 


CERAMBYCID4Z5. 
Romaleum rufulum Fa/d. 
Neoclytus capreea Say. 
Cacoplia pullata Ha/d. 


CHRYSOMELID&. 
Crioceris asparagi Lizn. 
Exema conspersa Mann. 
Griburius larvatus Vewm. 


259 


Cryptocephalus leucomelas Sz/fr. 


Metachromia pallida Say. 
Neobrotica dorsata Say. 
Galeruca pomone Scop. 
Phzedromus paradoxus J/e/sh. 
Crepidodera nitens Horn. 
esculi Dury. 
Glyptina cyanipennis Crotch. 
Phyllotreta lindahli Dury. 
Chzetocnema pulicaria C7. 
Cassida nigripes Oliv. 


TENEBRIONIDS. 
Merinus levis Oliv. 


9 


260 


Uloma mentalis Horz. 
Lyphia ficicola u/s. 


Arhenoplites viridipennis adr. 


CISTELIDA. 


Hymenorus discretus Csy. 
Mycetochara rufipes Lec. 


MELANDRYIDA. 
Eustrophus confinis Lec. 


brunneimarginatus Dury. 


Hallomenus debilis Lec. 


ANTHICID As. 


Xylophilus bruneipennis Lec. 


melsheimeri Lec. 
Anthicus currax Champ. 


STYLOPID. 


Acroschismus bowditchi Perce. 


duryi Pierce. 
lugubris Prerce. 


10 


Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


RHYNCHITIDA. 
Rhynchites zratus Say. 


CURCULIONID. 
Exomias pellucidus Boh. 
Apion segnipes Say. 
nigrum /Zész. 
pennusylvanicum Boh, 
rostrum Say 
Anthonomus gularis Lec. 
elongatus Lec. 
Piazorhinus pictus Lec. 
Ceutorhynchus sericans Lec. 
Cataspastus conspersus Lec. 
Lymuobaris bracata Csy. 
concurrens Csy. 
Plesiobaris disjuncta Csy. 


CALANDRID&. 
Pentarthrinus piceus Csy. 


SCOLYTID 4. 
Scolytus fagi Walsh. 


INDEX. 


Acroschismus bowditchi, A. duryi, 
A. lugubris, 255. 

AIKEN, Prof. Walter H.: Check 
List of the Plants of Hamilton 
County, including species in 
cultivation, 199-230. 

Idem: List of Medicinal Plants in 
the vicinity of Cincinnati, with 
notes as to the parts used, 

_ 231-234. 

Amplexopora setosa Beds, 76. 

Anametis, 198. 

Anamorphus pusillus, 251. 

A. O. U. Code of nomenclature, ex- 

. tracts from, 235-237. 
Aspidophora newberryi Beds, 69. 

Atenius rugiceps MN. Sp., 154, fig. 

Barite, Pisolitic, 245. 

BASSLER, R. S., 62, 87, 100, 105. 

Batostoma jamesi Beds, 72. 

Bdellostoma dombeyi, Vascular 
system of, 13-48, Pl. I-III. 

Bellevue Beds, 82, 98. 

Bibliography of the Flora of Cin- 
cinnati, 200. 

Bibliography of the Geology of 
Cincinnati, 98, 

Blood-vascular system of 4de//os- 
toma, comparative anatomy of, 
43- 

Blue Limestone, report on by 
Locke, 52. 

Botanical Bibliography of Cincin- 
nati region, 200, 

‘Canistes schusteri, 255. 

Cataspastus conspersus, 255. 

Ceruchus piceus, 198. 

Chiloporella nicholsoni Beds, 83. 


a ie anticline (Newberry), 
56. 
Cincinnati Coleoptera, 107, 264. 457 
sf flora, 199. 
Geology of, 4g, 51. 
~ Group, term proposed 
by Meek & Worthen, 54. 
Cincinnati Period, 64, 96. 
Topography of, 49, I99. 
ss Uplift (Orton), 56. 


Cliff Limestone, report on by 
Locke, 52. 

Climate of Hamilton County, Ohio, 
199. 

Coleoptera of Cincinnati, Ecolog- 
ical notes of, 251-256. 

Coleoptera of Cincinnati,* Revised 
List, 107-198 and 257-260. 

Cols near Cincinnati, map of, 51. 

Colyphus furcatus, 252. 

Colyphus melanopterus, 1. sp., 
251. 

Corryville Beds, 83, 98. 

Crepidodera esculi, n. Sp., 253. 

Crepidodera rufipes, 253. 

Crioceris asparagi, 253. 

Cumberland Sandstone, correlated 
with the Richmond, 8g. 

Dekayia aspera Beds, 78. 

Dekayella ulrichi Beds, 73. 

Dryotribus mimeticus, 198. 

DuRyY, CHARLES: Revised List of 
Coleoptera near Cincinnati, with 
notes on localities, Bibliograph- 
ical references and description 
of five new species, 107-198. 

Idem: Ecological notes on Cole- 
optera incl. six new species, 
251-256. 


*For Coleoptera not enumerated in this Index, see the special Index, pp. 191-196 
Additions and Corrections on pp. 197-198, and Supplementary List, pp. 257-260. 


1 


262 


Idem: Additions to List of Cole- 
optera, 257-260. 

Eden shales, 58. 

Electric lobes of Torpedo occi- 
dentalis, 1-12. Pl. I. 

Epitrix fuscula, 253. 

Epitrix humeralts, n. Sp., 253. 

Eustrophus bicolor, 255. 

Eustrophus brunneimarginatus, 
n. Sp., 254. 

Fairmount Beds, 78, 98. 

Flora of Cincinnati, 199-234. 

FowKE, GERHARD, preglacial 
drainage investigations, 5I. 

Ganglion cells of white rat, 6. 

Geology of Cincinnati, 49. 

HALL, PROF. JAMES, earliest cor- 
relation of Cincinnati rocks, 53. 

Hamilton County, Ohio, Floraand 
physical geography of, 199-234. 

Hamiotus batrisioides, 251. 

HATAI, DR. SHINKISHI: Observa- 
tions on the efferent neurones 
in the electric lobes of Zorpedo 
occidentalis, 1-12, Pl. I. 

HAYES, Dr. C. W., on age of piso- 
litic barite, 250. 

HEIDINGSFELD, Dr. M. L., photo- 
micrographs, 250. 

Hill Quarry Beds, 59. 

Homoeusa expansa, 251. 

Homotrypa bassleri Beds, 86. 

Homotrypa bassleri Nick, n. Sp., 
description of, 103, figs. 

Hudson River (Slate) group, 
named by Dr. Mather, 53. 

Hypophleus rugosus,M. Sp., 171, 
fig. 

Idiostethus (Zygobaris) subcal- 
vus, 186, 256. 

JacKsON, DR. C. M.: Vascular sys- 
tem of Bdellostoma dombeyt, 
13-48, Pl. I-III. 

JAMES, PROF. JOSEPH: Geology of 
Cincinnati, 50, 58. 

Lachnosterna fusca, 252. 


Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 


Lachnosterna vehemens, 252. 
Lasioderma serricorne, 198. 
Lasius claviger, 251. 

Lebanon Beds, 60. 

LINDAHL, DR. Josua: Orthogra- 
phy ofthe Names of the Vazades, 
235-243. 

Localities of exposures of strata 
in Cincinnati, 96 and map. 

LOCKE, DR. JOHN: Report on Blue 
and Cliff Limestones, 52. 

Lorraine Group, 59, 64, 74, 97. 

Losantiville, derivation of name, 
49. 

Lyphia ficicola, 198. 

MARKLEY, Dr. A. J., photo-micro- 
graphs, 250. 

MATHER, DR. W. W., Hudson 
River Group named by, 53. 

MEEK and WORTHEN, proposed . 
the term “Cincinnati Group,” 
54- 

MILLER, PROF. WALTER, on ques- 
tions of nomenclature, 237-239. 

Monticulipora molesta Beds, 82. 

Mordellistena smithi, n. Sp., 177, 
fig. 

Mordellistena delicatula, n. sp., 


255- 
Merdcligetene splendens, 255. 
Mordellistena sexnotata, N. sp., 

176, fig. 

Mt. Auburn Beds, 85, 98. 

Mt. Hope Beds, 76, 97. 

Mycetochara horui, n. sp., 172, fig. 

Naiades, nomenclature of, 235. 

Neobrotica dorsata, 253. 

Neurones in 7orpedo, 1, 6. 

NEWBERRY, DR. J. S., on the Cin- 
cinnati anticline, 56. 

NICKLES, JOHN M.: Description of 
a new Bryozoan, Homotrypa 
bassleri, 1. SP., 103, figs. 

Idem: The Geology of Cincinnati, 
49-102, map. 


Index. 263 


Nomenclature, Code of, 235. 

Odontosphindus denticollis, 252. 

ORTON, PROF. E., on the Cincin- 
nati uplift, 56. 

Phyllotreta lewisii, 254. 

Phyllotreta lindahli,n.sp., 254. 

Pisolitic barite, 245. ; 

Platystrophia lynx Beds, 85. 

Pleurophorus ventralis Horn, 154, 
fig. 

Point Pleasant Beds, 56, 60. 

Preglacial drainage of south west- 
ern Ohio, 51. 

Psomus politus, 256. 

Ptilinus ruficornis, 252. 

Ptinidium lineatum, 251. 

Rat, white, ganglion cells of, 6. 

Richmond Group, 60, 64, 88. 

River Quarry Beds, 56. 

RUEDEMAN, RUDOLF, on the Hud- 
son River group, 56. 

Scopeopsis duryi, 251. 

Stmpson’s (C. T.) Synopsis of the 
Naiades, Errors of nomenclature 
in, 235. 


THRASHER, B. P., sent pisolitic 
barite, 245. 

Torpedo occidentalis, Nevrones in 
electric lobes of, 1-12, Pl. I. 

Trenton Period, 60, 96. 

ULRICH, Dr. E. O., 55, 57, 62, 87, 
8g, 100, I05, 245. 

Utica group, 58, 64, 66, 96. 

VANUXEM, LARDNER, correlation 
of Ohio and New York rocks, 53. 

Vascular system of Adellostoma, 
13, figs. 

VAUGHAN, Dr. T. W., acroporid 
coral from Texas, 246. 

WaLcoTt, CH. D., defining the 
Hudson Terrane, 55. 

WALDBOTT, DR. S., analysis of 
pisolitic barite, 249, 250. 

WALKER, BRYANT, quoted on a 
question of nomenclature, 236. 

Warren Beds, 86, 98. 

WUESTNER, HERMAN: 
Barite, 245-250. 

(Zygobaris) Idiostethus subcalvus, 
plas 


Pisolitic 


esa ae ae 


sor el ak ry 


nett bs 


3 > PI ones 


MIKA Prishs ' ive 


a2 ee 


Vol. XX, No. J. 


THE JOURNAL 


OF THE 


Cincinnati Society of Natural History 


«Published October J, 1901.... 


CONTAINS: 


Article IL—S. HATAI: Observations on the Efferent Neurones in the 
Electric Lobes of Torpedo Occidentalis. 


Article Il.—C. M. JACKSON: An Investigation of the Vascular System of 


_Bdellostoma Dombeyi. 


we 


i 


ih 
ff 


ex 


Sr Ses 
Vie 


Vol. XX. No, 2. 


THE JOURNAL 


OF THE 


Cincinnati Society of Natural History 


... Published January 10, 1902 ... 


CONTAINS: 
Article IIL.—J. M. NICKLES: The Geology of Cincinnati. 


Article IV.—J. M. NICKLES: Description of a New Bryozoan, 
“Homotrypa Bassleri” n. sp., from the Warren Beds of the Lorraine 
Group. 


fo 


Vol. XX. No. 3. 


THE JOURNAL 


OF THE 


Cincinnati Society of Natural History 


«+. Published November 25, 1902... 


Art. V.—CuHaries Dury: A revised list of the Coleoptera 
observed near Cincinnati, Ohio, with notes on 
localities, Bibliographical references 
and description of six 
new species. 


a 


<2 


SeWe KK SS . No: 4. 


THE JOURNAL 


‘OF THE 


eee ak Society of Natural History 


ooee -Published May 5; 1904. 2090 


CONTAINS: 
- Atticle VL— WALTER H. AIKEN: Check List of the Plants of Ham- 


‘ ‘ilton County, Ohio, exclusive of the Lower Cryptogams. Also including many 
_extralimital species in cultivation. 
3 Article VIL— WALTER H. AIKEN: List of Medicinal Plants, wild, 
or cultivated, growing in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio, with notes as to the 
parts used for Medicinal purposes. - 


4 
Re 


\ sok drene 


y 


x 


Publishing Committee. 


JosuA LiInDAHL, -adztor. 
D. L. JAMEs, C.G. LLoyD, 
Cu. Dury. 


Publishing Committee. 


Josua LINDAHL, Fditor. 
D. L. JAMES, C. G. LLoyp, 
CH. Dury. 


niall 
Vol. XX, No."2. @> 


THE JOURNAL 


OF THE 


Cincinnati Society of Natural History 


«. Published February J, 1906... 


CONTAINS : 


Article VIII.—JOSUA LINDAHL: Orthography of the Names of the 
Naiades. 


oh 


Zs) 


= 
ag ee 
6) 
bs 


Vol. XX. No. 6. 


THE JOURNAL | 


OF THE 


Cincinnati Society of Natural History 


«ee Published March 5, 1906... 


CONTAINS: : 
Article IX.—HERMAN WUESTNER: Pisolitic Barite. 


Vol. XX. ; 3 No, 7. 


THE JOURNAL 


OF THE 


Cincinnati Society of Natural History 


... Published March 8, 1906 ..: 


CONTAINS : : 


Article X.—ECOLOGICAL NOTES ON SOME COLEOPTERA 
OF THE CINCINNATI REGION, INCLUDING SEVEN 
NEW SPECIES.—By CHARLES DURY, CINCINNATI, 


Art cle XI.— ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF CINCINNATI 
COLEOPTERA.— By CHARLES DURY, CINCINNATI. 


’ 


Publishing Committee. 


Josua LINDAHL, £dfor. 
D. L. JAMES, C. G. LLoyp, 


CH. Dury. 


Publishing Committee. 


Josua LINDAHL, Editor. 
D. L. JAMEs, CG Trev, 


Cu. Dury. 


Publishing Committee. 


Josua LINDAHL, Editor. 
D. L. JAMEs, C.°-G=_LLoyvp,; 


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