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34th  Congress,  ) 
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SENATE. 


Ex.  Doc. 
No.  20. 


# 

REPORT 


OF  THE 


COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS 


FOR  THE  YEAR  1  855. 


ARTS  AND  MANUFACTURES. 


VOLUME  I. 


WASHINGTON: 

A,  O.  P.  NICHOLSON,  PRINTER. 

1  8  5  6. 


I 


WELLCOME  INSTITUTE 
LIBRARY 

Coll. 

WalMQmac 

Coll. 

No. 

Patent  Office, 

Washington ,  February  11,  1856, 

Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith,  to  he  laid  before  Com 
gress,  my  annual  Report  for  the  year  1855,  as  required  by  the  14th 
section  of  the  act  of  3d  March,  1831. 

I  have  the  honor  to  he,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

CHARLES  MASON, 

Commissioner  of  Patents, 

Hon.  Jesse  D.  Bright, 

President  Senate  United  States . 


CONTENTS. 


I.— COMMISSIONER’S  REPORT. 

Page, 

Receipts  and  expenditures .  1 

Business  of  the  Office . - .  4 

II. — LISTS  OF  EXPIRED  PATENTS. 

Alphabetical  list  of  persons  whose  patents  for  inventions  or  discoveries  have  expired 

during  the  year  1855 . . . . .  12 

Alphabetical  list  of  persons  whose  patents  for  designs  have  expired  during  the  year 

1855 . 25 

Classified  list  of  patents  for  inventions  that  have  expired  during  the  year  1855 .  26 

Classified  list  of  patents  for  designs  that  have  expired  during  the  year  1855 .  50 

III. — LISTS  OF  PATENTS  ISSUED. 

Alphabetical  list  of  persons  to  whom  patents  for  inventions  and  discoveries  have  been 

granted  during  the  year  1855 .  52 

Classified  list  of  patents  for  inventions  granted  during  the  year  1855 .  131 

I. — Agriculture,  including  implements  and  operations .  131 

II. — Metallurgy  and  manufacture  of  metals .  138 

III.  — Manufacture  of  fibrous  and  textile  substances .  143 

IV.  — Chemical  processes,  manufactures,  and  compounds .  149 

Y. — Calorifics,  comprising  lamps,  stoves,  &c .  153 

VI.— Steam  and  gas  engines . 159 

VII. — Navigation  and  maritime  implements . . .  163 

VIII. — Mathematical,  philosophical,  and  optical  instruments .  166 

IX. — Civil  engineering  and  architecture . - .  167 

X. — Land  conveyance .  170 

XI. — Hydraulics  and  pneumatics . . .  174 

XII. — Lever,  screw  and  other  mechanical  power .  178 

XIII.  — Grinding-mills  and  mill-gearing .  180 

XIV.  — Lumber,  including  machines  and  tools  for  preparing  and  manufacturing .  183 

XV. — Stone  and  clay  manufactures .  189 

XVI. — Leather,  including  tanning,  dressing  and  manufacture .  191 

XVII. — Household  furniture,  machines  and  implements  for  domestic  purposes .  194 

XVIII. — Arts  polite,  fine,  and  ornamental .  198 

XIX. — Fire-arms  and  implements  of  war .  202 

XX. — Surgical  and  medical  instruments .  204 

XXI. — Wearing  apparel,  including  implements  for  manufacturing .  205 

XXII.— Miscellaneous .  206 


CONTENTS. 


Vlll 


Page. 


Extensions  granted  daring  tlie  year  1855 .  209 

Disclaimers  entered  during  the  year  1855 . - . . .  210 

Additional  improvements  granted  during  the  year  1855 .  211 

Reissues  granted  during  the  year  1855 .  212 

Patents  for  designs  granted  during  the  year  1855 .  214 


IV.— DESCRIPTIONS  AND  CLAIMS. 

Descriptions  and  claims  of  patents  for  inventions  and  discoveries  issued  during  the 


year  1855 .  219 

I. — Agriculture,  including  implements  and  operations . . .  219 

II. — Metallurgy  and  manufacture  of  metals .  297 

III. -— Manufacture  of  fibrous  and  textile  substances .  355 

IV.  — Chemical  processes,  manufactures,  and  compounds .  460 

V. — Calorifics,  comprising  lamps,  stoves,  &c . . .  492 

VI. — Steam  and  gas  engines .  540 

VII. — Navigation  and  maritime  implements .  590 

VIII. — Mathematical,  philosophical,  and  optical  instruments . . .  615 

IX. — Civil  engineering  and  architecture .  626 

X. — Land  conveyance,  comprising  carriages,  cars,  &c .  667 

XI. — Hydraulics  and  pneumatics . . .  705 

XII. — Lever,  screw,  and  other  mechanical  power .  746 

XHI.— Grinding-mills  and  mill-gearin . 766 


REPORT 


OF  THE 

COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS, 

FOR  THE  YEAR  1  8  5  5. 


United  States  Patent  Office, 

January  31,  1656. 

Sir:  In  obedience  to  the  requirement  of  the  fourteenth  section  of  the 
act  of  March  3d,  1837,  entitled  “An  act  in  addition  to  the  act  to  pro¬ 
mote  the  progress  of  science  and  useful  arts,”  I  now  proceed  to  report 
the  facts  therein  required,  showing  the  transactions  of  this  office  during 
the  past  year,  and  its  condition  at  the  commencement  of  the  present. 

The  total  number  of  applications  for  patents  during  the 


year  1855  is . .  4,435 

The  entire  number  of  patents  issued .  2,024 

The  whole  amount  of  fees  received . - . $176,380  57 

The  aggregate  of  expenditures . .  179,540  33 

Excess  of  expenditures  over  fees .  $3,159  76 


But  by  the  act  of  March  3d,  1855,  the  money  which  had  been  pre¬ 
viously  taken  from  the  patent  fund  for  agricultural  purposes,  amount¬ 
ing  to  $40,078  78,  was  refunded  ;  adding  this  to  the  amount  of  fees 
received,  shows  the  whole  amount  of  income  during  the  year  to  be 
$216,459  35,  which  exceeds  the  total  expenditure  by  $36,919  02. 

The  receipts  and  expenses  of  the  office  for  the  past  year,  together 
with  the  present  condition  of  the  patent  fund,  will  be  seen  by  reference 
to  the  following  statements  : 

No.  1. 

Statement  of  moneys  received  at  the  Patent  Office  during  the  year  1855. 

Received  on  applications  for  patents,  reissues,  additional 
improvements,  and  extensions,  and  on  caveats,  dis¬ 
claimers,  and  appeals .  $162,120 


2 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Brought  forward . $102,120  00 

Received  for  copies,  and  for  recording  assignments . . .  -  14,227  57 

Received  for  old  sash . . .  33  00 


176,380  57 

Amount  reimbursed  to  patent  fund,  per  act  of  3d  March, 

1855 . . . . .  40,078  78 


Total . . . $216,459  35 


No.  2. 

Statement  of  expenditures  from  the  Talent  Fund  during  the  year  1855. 

Salaries . $67,629  OS 

Additional  compensation,  per  act  of  22d  April,  1854.. .  2,229  50 

Temporary  clerks. . .  31,938  19 

Books  for  the  library . 830  45 

Contingent  expenses . 36,764  82 

Payments  to  judges  in  appeal  cases.  . . .  .  450  00 

Refunding  money  paid  into  the  Treasury  by  mistake..  225  00 

Refunding  money  on  withdrawals .  39,473  29 


$179,540  33 


No.  3. 

Statement  of  the  Patent  Fund. 

Amount  to  the  credit  of  the  patent  fund  on  the  1st  of  Jan¬ 
uary,  1855.  . . . .  $25,593  52 

Amount  paid  in  during  the  year,  including  $40,078  78, 
reimbursed  to  the  patent  fund  by  the  act  of  3d  March, 

1855,  being  the  amount  heretofore  paid  out  for  agri¬ 
cultural  statistics,  &c .  216,459  35 


Total . . . .  242,052  87 

From  which  deduct — 

Amount  of  expenditures  during  the  year .  179,540  33 


Leaving  in  the  Tree,  ary  on  the  1st  of  January,  1856  . .  $62,512  54 


From  the  followingtable  it  will  be  seen  how  rapidly  the  business  and 
revenues  of  the  office  have  increased  during  the  past  fifteen  years : 


COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS. 


3 


No.  4. 


Table  exhibiting  the  business  of  the  Office  for  fifteen  years ,  ending  December 

31,  1855. 


Years. 

Applications 

filed. 

Caveats 

filed. 

Patents 

issued. 

Cash 

received. 

Cash 

expended. 

1841 . 

847 

312 

495 

$40,413  01 

$23,065  87 

1842 . 

761 

291 

517 

36,  505  68 

31,241  48 

1843 . 

819 

315 

531 

35,  315  81 

30,776  96 

1844 . 

1,  045 

330 

502 

42,  509  26 

36,  344  73 

1845 . 

1,246 

452 

502 

51,076  14 

39,  395  65 

1846 . 

1,272 

448 

619 

50,264  16 

46, 158  71 

1847 . . . 

1,  531 

533 

572 

63,111  19 

41,878  35 

1848 . 

1,628 

607 

660 

67, 576  69 

58,905  84 

1849 . 

1,955 

595 

1,076 

80, 752  78 

77,716  44 

1850 . 

2,193 

602 

995 

86,927  05 

80, 100  95 

1851 . 

2,258 

760 

869 

95,738  61 

86,916  93 

1852 . 

2, 639 

996 

1,020 

112,056  34 

95,916  91 

1853 . 

2,  673 

901 

958 

121,527  45 

132,  869  83 

1854 . . . 

3,324 

868 

1,902 

163,789  84 

167, 146  32 

1855 . 

4,  435 

906 

'•  ■ 

2,024 

216,459  35 

179,540  33 

The  augmentation  of  the  number  of  applications  has  been  greater 
during  the  past  year  than  at  any  previous  period.  That  the  increase  in 
the  number  of  patents  is  not  proportionally  great,  is  due  to  the  fact  that 
at  the  commencement  of  the  year  *1854  there  were  823  cases  undis¬ 
posed  of  in  the  office,  so  that  the  whole  number  of  cases  acted  upon 
during  that  year  exceeded  4,000.  At  the  beginning  of  the  year  1855,. 
there  were  but  eighty-nine  cases  on  hand,  and  on  the  first  day  of  the 
present  year  only  sixty-six. 

There  are  papers  in  the  office  to  show  that,  less  than  fifty  years  since, 
the  annual  income  of  the  office  was  only  about  $1,500,  and  that  for  the 
seven  years  previous  to  1826  the  aggregate  amount  received  was  about 
$42,000,  or  an  average  of  $6,000  per  annum.  These  facts,  taken  in 
connexion  with  the  last  of  the  above  statements,  will  show  with  what  a 
constantly  accelerated  rapidity  the  march  of  invention  has  been  pro¬ 
gressing  for  the  last  half-century. 

Hereto  will  be  found  appended  a  classified  list  of  all  the  patents 
which  have  been  granted  during  the  past  year,  together  with  an  alpha¬ 
betical  list  of  the  patentees  and  their  places  of  residence.  Also  a  list 
of  all  patents  which  have  become  public  property  during  the  same 
period. 

In  addition  to  the  classified  list  of  the  patents  granted  within  the  year,, 
it  has  long  been  the  practice  to  furnish  in  the  report  a  brief  description 
of  each  of  those  patents,  so  as  to  present  a  general  idea  of  its  nature 
and  purpose.  To  render  these  descriptions  more  intelligible,  illustra- 
tions-have  been  added  in  the  reports  for  the  past  two  years.  This  seems 
to  have  met  with  general  favor,  and  the  present  report  is  prepared  in 


4 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


the  same  manner.  I  trust  it  will  also  meet  with  the  approval  of  Con 
gress. 

The  act  of  the  last  session,  authorizing  the  appointment  of  six  addi¬ 
tional  principal  examiners,  limited  the  continuance  in  office  of  two  of 
that  number  to  the  end  of  the  present  session,  unless  further  extended 
by  a  new  law.  I  deem  it  indispensable  to  the  prompt  transaction  of 
the  business  of  the  office,  that  the  present  force  should  not  be  dimin¬ 
ished. 

The  number  of  applications  in  1S54  was  twenty-five  per  cent, 
greater  than  in  1853,  and  the  increase  during  the  past  year  is  more 
than  thirty-three  per  cent,  of  the  whole  number  of  applications  of  the 
year  previous.  This  increase  during  the  past  year  alone  is  sufficient 
to  furnish  employment  for  three  principal  examiners  and  as  many  as¬ 
sistants,  reckoning  by  the  average  number  heretofore  acted  on  by  each 
set  of  examiners.  If  anything  like  the  same  ratio  of  increase  is  to  be 
continued  hereafter,  the  present  number  of  examiners  will,  before  the 
end  of  the  present  year,  be  found  inadequate  to  the  discharge  of  the 
duties  which  will  devolve  upon  them. 

Still  there  are  very  grave  objections  to  a  further  increase  of  the 
number  of  principal  examiners.  The  system  is  already  overgrown  in 
that  respect,  and  seems  almost  imperatively  to  demand  some  modifica¬ 
tion  to  give  it  a  proper  harmony  and  uniformity  of  action. 

Each  of  the  twelve  principal  examiners  has  charge  of  certain  pre¬ 
scribed  classes  of  cases.  They  necessarily  act,  to  a  considerable  ex¬ 
tent,  independently  of  each  other,  and,  possessing  very  different  minds 
and  views,  they  follow  different  rules  of  action  and  of  decision. 

The  multiplicity  of  business  in  the  office  renders  it  wholly  impossi¬ 
ble  for  the  Commissioner  to  exercise  a  personal  supervision  over  the 
decisions  in  each  of  the  numberless  cases  presented  for  official  action. 
When  the  examiner  reports  in  favor  of  granting  a  patent,  it  is  issued 
without  further  question  or  examination. 

In  case  of  the  rejection  of  an  application,  the  law  and  the  practice  of 
the  office  permit  an  appeal  to  the  Commissioner,  and  finally  to  one  of 
the  judges  of  the  circuit  court  of  the  District.  But  such  appeals  are 
attended  with  much  trouble  and  expense,  so  that,  in  most  cases,  espe¬ 
cially  where  the  applicant  resides  at  a  distance,  a  rejection  by  the 
examiner  is,  in  point  of  fact,  final.  Under  such  circumstances,  the 
importance  of  correctness  and  uniformity  of  decision  upon  the  first 
examination  can  hardly  be  too  highly  appreciated.  They  cannot  reason¬ 
ably  be  hoped  for  under  the  system  now  in  operation,  and  the  more 
that  system  is  extended  the  greater  the  evil  becomes. 

To  remedy  this  difficulty  several  plans  have  been  suggested,  but 
they  generally  resolve  themselves  into  one  of  the  two  following,  or 
modifications  thereof: 

1st.  The  appointment  of  an  examiner-in  chief, \  whose  sole  duty  would 
be  to  review  the  actions  of  the  present  examiners,  with  a  view  of  intro¬ 
ducing  correctness  and  uniformity  of  decision.  As  a  modification  of 
this  plan,  it  has  been  sometimes  proposed  to  increase  the  number  of 
examiners-in-chief  to  three,  some  one  of  whom  should  make  a  final 
decision  upon  each  of  the  various  questions,  which  should  first  be  fully 


COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS. 


5 


and  clearly  presented  by  some  of  the  members  of  the  corps  of  exami¬ 
ners  as  now  constituted,  and  who  might  all  three  act  conjointly  on 
appeals  and  other  cases  of  unusual  difficulty. 

2d.  To  return  to  the  former  practice  of  the  office,  making  the  duties 
of  the  examiners  simply  advisory,  and  allowing  a  patent  in  all  cases, 
provided  the  applicant  should  finally  insist  upon  it,  notwithstanding  the 
opinion  of  the  office  as  to  its  invalidity. 

The  main  objection  to  the  former  of  the  above  plans  grows  out  of 
the  difficulty  of  obtaining  competent  and  suitable  persons  to  fill  the 
chief  places.  I  doubt  whether  there  is  a  situation  under  the  govern¬ 
ment  for  which  it  would  be  more  difficult  to  find  a  suitable  incumbent. 
Qualities  would  be  required  for  the  satisfactory  discharge  of  such  a 
duty  which  are  rarely  found  united — a  well-trained  capacity  for  com¬ 
prehending  and  investigating  all  subjects  connected  with  natural  and 
mechanical  philosophy,  and  a  high  order  of  legal  acumen  and  experi¬ 
ence.  The  difficulty  is  still  further  increased  by  the  fact,  that  very 
few  of  our  lawyers  have  ever  turned  their  attention  in  this  direction. 
The  law  relating  to  patents  is  less  understood  by  the  profession  than 
any  other  branch  of  that  noble  science.  And  as  the  cherished  rights 
of  inventors  are  to  be  submitted  to  the  sound  discretion  of  these 
officers,  habits  of  patient  and  laborious  investigation  and  the  high  moral 
qualifications  of  integrity  and  impartiality  are  quite  as  indispensable  as 
those  of  an  intellectual  character. 

If  the  difficulty  of  securing  the  services  of  persons  possessing  a  union 
of  all  the  above-mentioned  qualities  could  be  overcome,  the  plan  we 
are  now  contemplating  would  probably  be  the  readiest  and  most  judi¬ 
cious  mode  of  effecting  the  desired  improvement  of  the  present  system. 
But  the  doubt  of  success  in  such  an  effort  is  so  great,  that  something  in 
the  nature  of  the  second  plan,  as  above  stated,  seems  worthy  of  some 
consideration. 

That  plan,  however,  would  necessarily  be  subjected  to  some  im¬ 
portant  modification  before  it  would  be  admissible.  When  a  meri¬ 
torious  inventor  has  obtained  a  patent  which  proves  of  high  value, 
there  are  not  wanting  unscrupulous  men,  who  are  willing  to  trespass 
upon  his  well-earned  rights.  To  permit  a  person  of  that  character  to 
take  out  a  patent,  valid  on  its  face,  for  precisely  the  same  invention, 
would  be  not  only  countenancing  intentional  wrong,  but  the  office 
would  almost  become  a  participant  in  a  design  to  impose  upon  the 
public.  Persons  taking  assignments  of  either  patent,  would  have  no 
sufficient  means  of  distinguishing  between  the  spurious  and  the  true, 
and  would  be  as  likely  to  purchase  a  property  in  the  invention  from 
the  infringer,  as  from  the  real  inventor — both  being  armed  with  the 
same  evidence  of  legal  ownership.  This  would  be  nearly  akin  to 
authorizing  forgery  and  counterfeiting  by  law. 

But  if  every  patent  granted  contrary  to  the  opinion  of  the  office 
were  required  to  bear  conspicuously  upon  its  face  the  evidence  ot  that 
fact,  or  if  the  option  of  the  applicant  to  demand  a  patent  were  limited 
to  cases  which  would  authorize  no  infringement  of  any  pre-existing 
American  patent,  the  difficulty  above  intimated  would,  to  a  great  ex¬ 
tent,  be  obviated.  Perhaps,  even  when  an  application  was  held  by 


6 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


the  office  to  conflict  with  the  rights  of  a  previous  patentee,  the  appli¬ 
cant  might  be  permitted  to  insist  upon  his  patent  after  due  notice  to 
the  patentee,  and  a  full  opportunity  given  him  to  contest,  in  some 
proper  court,  the  validity  of  the  patent  sought  by  the  new  applicant. 

Should  anything  of  the  kind  above  intimated  be  adopted,  it  would, 
doubtless,  be  proper  to  provide  a  means  by  which  any  patent,  wrong¬ 
fully  claimed  and  granted,  might  be  invalidated  and  cancelled.  In 
fact,  some  provision  of  this  nature  would  seem  eminently  proper  and 
valuable  under  any  system  of  patent  laws. 

The  modifications  we  have  last  been  considering  would  relieve  the 
office  from  much  of  the  judicial  labor  now  devolving  upon  it,  and 
would  render  the  same  high  order  of  qualifications  and  experience 
less  absolutely  essential  in  the  examining  corps.  Most  of  the  legal 
controversies  now  arising  in  the  office  would  be  turned  over  to  the 
courts  of  law,  which  are  not  only  so  much  better  qualified  to  adjudi¬ 
cate,  but  which  possess  the  requisite  machinery  to  investigate  and 
conduct  such  matters,  so  as  to  lead  to  a  result  more  satisfactory  than 
can  be  done  here. 

All  our  republican  notions  of  propriety  revolt  at  the  idea  of  making 
the  substantial  rights  of  property  of  any  citizen  depend  upon  the  mere 
discretion  of  an  executive  officer.  Such  a  system  seems  rather 
Asiatic  than  Anglo-Saxon  in  its  type  and  origin.  The  present  patent 
laws  are  certainly,  to  some  extent,  liable  to  this  objection.  It  is  true, 
they  provide  in  some  manner  for  bringing  many  of  the  decisions  of  the 
office  before  the  regular  judicial  tribunals ;  but  when  an  application 
which  should  be  patented  is  rejected  by  the  office,  no  opportunity  is 
allowed  the  applicant  for  showing  the  justice  of  his  claims  before  a 
court  or  jury.  If  he  has  a  natural  right  to  what  he  has  created,  may 
he  not,  in  such  circumstances,  be  regarded  as  having  been  “  deprived 
of  his  property  without  due  process  of  law” — without  the  intervention 
of  that  great  constitutional  bulwark  which  he  regards  as  a  birthright — 
a  fair  trial  before  a  regular  judicial  tribunal? 

That  he  has  now  the  privilege  of  appealing  to  the  judge  of  the  cir¬ 
cuit  court,  does  not  change  the  case  essentially.  That  judge  is  only 
(for  the  occasion)  a  part  and  parcel  of  the  Patent  Office.  He  does 
not  hear  the  case  anew,  but  founds  his  opinion  upon  the  necessarily 
imperfect  facts  and  statements  which  are  presented  to  the  office. 

The  question  of  patentability  is  often  one  of  the  most  delicate  and 
difficult  that  can  ever  arise  before  any  tribunal.  A  resort  to  the  testi¬ 
mony  of  experts  is  frequently  essential  to  a  just  and  correct  decision. 
The  law  now  makes  no  provision  for  this  or  any  other  kind  of  testi¬ 
mony.  No  witness  is  obliged  to  appear,  or  to  give  testimony,  unless 
he  does  so  at  his  own  option ;  and  even  if  he  swears  falsely,  there  is  no 
statute  penalty. 

Without  the  means  of  proving  the  practical  working  of  his  machine, 
nr  without  any  other  legal  testimony,  the  inventor  sometimes  provides 
himself  with  a  few  certificates  or  ex-yarte  affidavits — often  of  doubtful 
authenticity,  and  always  regarded  wfith  suspicion  ;  presents  himself 
before  the  office ;  is  rejected  :  appeals  to  the  judge,  who  has  no  ade¬ 
quate  means  of  arriving  at  a  correct  conclusion ;  and  thus  is  frequently 


COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS,  7 

deprived  of  his  rights  without  an  opportunity  of  establishing  them  in 
the  manner  guarantied  to  all  other  citizens. 

Nor  ought  it  to  be  supposed  that  these  are  matters  of  trivial  moment ; 
at  least  they  are  not  so  to  the  individual  most  immediately  interested. 
To  him,  the  offspring  of  his  mental  energies  are  something  more  than 
property  ;  they  are  his  children,  for  whom  he  has  often  labored  through 
much  of  the  fairest  portion  of  life’s  meridian,  and  on  whom  he  relies 
for  consolation  and  support  in  the  evening  of  its  decline. 

That  he  has  now  no  sufficient  opportunity  of  establishing  his  rights 
before  a  properly  constituted  tribunal,  is  doubtless  a  great  defect  in  the 
present  system.  Whether  that  defect  shall  be  remedied,  and  if  so,  in 
what  manner,  will  be  for  Congress  to  determine. 

The  above  suggestions  are  not  intended  as  proposing  any  definite 
plan  for  modifying  the  present  laws,  but  merely  as  presenting  the  diffi¬ 
culties  experienced,  and  furnishing  some  hints  which  may  serve  as  a 
basis  for  future  consideration  by  the  body  to  whom  the  matter  is  sub¬ 
mitted. 

The  present  insecurity  of  the  property  of  inventors,  even  after  pat¬ 
ents  are  obtained,  is  a  source  of  great  discouragement,  and  often  of 
peculiar  hardship.  A  patent  gives  to  the  holder  only  a  presumptive 
right  of  property.  When  it  is  infringed — no  matter  how  wantonly — 
the  trespasser  is  permitted  to  protect  himself  by  proving  at  the  trial 
that  the  invention  was  first  made  by  some  other  person,  and  not  by  the 
plaintiff;  though  it  may  have  been  kept  a  profound  secret,  and  would 
never  have  seen  the  light,  but  for  the  subsequent  invention  of  the  pat¬ 
entee; — or  he  may  defeat  the  action  by  showing  that  the  same  contri¬ 
vance  is  described  in  some  publication  printed  in  any  foreign  language, 
and  which  publication  was  never  seen  or  heard  of  in  this  country  be¬ 
fore  the  date  of  the  trial  when  this  proof  is  made. 

The  liability  to  be  set  at  defiance  in  this  manner  continues  through¬ 
out  the  entire  life  of  the  patent ;  and  no  matter  how  often  the  validity 
of  the  patent  may  be  established  in  court,  it  is  equally  liable  to  be 
called  in  question  on  any  new  trial.  The  disheartening  and  prostrating 
influence  that  this  is  calculated  to  exert  upon  those  who  devote  their 
lives  and  energies  to  the  improvement  of  all  the  arts  of  civilized  life, 
and  to  making  those  discoveries  which  have  given  a  character  to  the 
present  age,  can  readily  be  perceived  without  comment. 

In  the  opinion  of  many,  however,  any  remed}^  that  can  be  contrived 
would  be  more  to  be  feared  than  the  evil  which  was  sought  to  be  rem¬ 
edied.  But  is  there  any  good  reason  for  such  a  conclusion?  Why 
should  the  holder  of  a  patent,  which  is  presumptive  evidence  of  title, 
be  forever  liable  to  have  his  right  called  in  question  by  every  mere 
trespasser?  Such  a  course  is  not  permitted  in  relation  to  any  other 
species  of  property.  The  wrong-doer  is  not  in  other  cases  permitted 
to  protect  himself  by  calling  in  question  the  title  of  him  who  has  prima- 
facie  evidence  of  ownership.  Why  should  he  do  so  in  relation  to  this 
species  of  property? 

It  is  true,  that  if  a  patent  should  be  granted  for  a  machine  already 
in  common  use,  and  which  is  therefore  fully  the  property  of  the  public, 
any  person  sued  as  an  infringer  should  be  permitted  to  protect  himself 


8 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


by  showing  the  facts  of  the  case.  But  why  should  a  person  who  has 
trespassed  upon  what  he  does  not  pretend  to  be  public  property,  be 
allowed  to  defend  himself  by  showing  the  property  to  belong  rightfully 
to  some  other  individual? 

The  analogies  of  the  law  relating  to  tangible  property  lead  to  this 
same  conclusion.  If  one  person  make  an  enclosure  upon  the  lands  of 
another,  his  right  of  action  against  any  trespasser  is  complete  and  un¬ 
questionable  ;  but  if  he  were  to  enclose  a  portion  of  the  public  high¬ 
way,  no  such  action  would  be  maintainable,  for  his  enclosure  is  itself  a 
nuisance,  which  any  one  may  disregard  or  remove. 

Analogy  also  suggests  another  provision,  still  more  important  and 
effectual.  So  great  are  the  evils  resulting  from  uncertainty  of  title  to 
real  estate,  that  in  most  of  our  codes  means  are  provided  by  which  the 
presumptive  owner  may  file  a  bill  in  equity,  and  bring  such  uncertainty 
to  an  end.  Is  there  anything  in  the  species  of  property  we  are  con¬ 
sidering,  which  renders  a  similar  provision  out  of  place  or  objectionable? 
If  the  holder  of  a  patent  were  permitted,  under  proper  regulations,  to 
file  a  bill  to  quiet  his  title,  either  in  one  of  the  federal  courts  already 
organized,  or  in  a  special  tribunal  created  expressly  for  that  purpose, 
would  not  the  result  prove  as  harmless  and  as  beneficial  as  though  the 
patent  were  for  real  estate?  The  patentee  would  then  be  enabled  to 
feel  that  security  wffiich  would  give  double  value  to  his  property,  and 
would  be  free  from  that  continued  series  of  vexatious  lawsuits  which 
often  render  the  most  valuable  inventions  the  sources  of  continual 
annoyance,  if  not  of  eventual  pecuniary  ruin  to  their  authors. 

As  a  short  and  effectual  remedy  for  all  these  difficulties,  it  is  the 
opinion  of  some  who  have  thought  upon  this  subject  that  the  whole 
system  of  granting  patents  ought  at  once  to  be  abolished  ;  but  is  it  not 
one  of  the  cardinal  purposes  in  the  establishment  of  all  governments  to 
protect  the  citizen  in  undisturbed  enjoyment  of  his  property?  This 
species  of  property  is  by  the  Constitution  placed  under  the  special 
guardianship  of  Congress,  and  it  is  difficult  to  perceive  why  it  is  not  as 
much  entitled  to  legislative  favor  and  protection  as  any  other  property. 
If  inventions  are  not  to  be  made  capable  of  being  effectually  appro¬ 
priated,  why  should  lands,  or  any  tangible  article  of  personal  property 
be  so?  And  yet  no  one  proposes  to  return  to  the  savage  state,  so  far 
as  these  kinds  of  property  are  concerned.  To  do  so  in  regard  to  in¬ 
ventions,  wrould  be  a  retrograde  in  civilization,  as  well  as  a  departure 
from  the  plainest  principles  of  justice. 

No  title  can  be  more  unquestionable  than  that  resulting  from  dis¬ 
covery,  unless  it  be  that  which  is  derived  from  actual  creation.  The 
recognition  of  either,  if  not  instinctive  in  the  brute,  is  certainly  found  in 
the  lowest  and  most  uncultivated  orders  of  human  intelligences.  The 
bird  seems  to  have  a  sense  of  property  in  its  nest,  the  beast  in  his  lair, 
the  savage  certainly  in  the  cave  he  fias  discovered  or  the  weapon  he 
has  made  ;  even  the  first  occupant  of  a  tract  of  land  which  he  has 
neither  discovered  nor  created,  has  a  title  which,  in  the  absence  of  a 
better,  is  protected  by  the  governments  of  all  civilized  countries. 

To  none  of  these  is  the  title  of  the  inventor  at  all  inferior.  He  has 
created  or  discovered  all  that  he  claims  the  right  to  possess.  The 


COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS. 


9 


property  for  which  he  asks  protection  might  never  have  existed  but  for 
him,  who  has  created  it  out  of  nothing.  At  least,  he  has  called  it  into 
active  being,  and  made  it  the  servant  of  mankind,  subject  to  the  limit¬ 
ed  right  of  ownership,  which  he  claims  for  himself.  And  when  it  is  re¬ 
membered  that  it  is  chiefly  through  the  exercise  of  this  inventive  faculty 
that  civilized  man  has  risen  above  the  savage,  or  that  even  the  savage 
is  to  be  distinguished  from  the  brute — that  it  is  the  inventor  who  has 
either  directly  or  indirectly  been,  and  still  is,  the  great  instrument  of 
human  progress — that  his  has  been  the  wizard  wand  which  has  called 
forth  from  the  latent  powers  of  nature  messengers  and  servants,  sur¬ 
passing  in  fleetness  and  power,  and  mute  obedience,  the  bibulous  genii 
of  eastern  tale — which  has  seized  and  fixed,  as  by  enchantment,  the 
transient  and  varying  lineament,  or  the  flying  sound,  and  transmitted 
them  unchanged  to  the  latest  posterity;  or  that,  in  humbler,  but  per¬ 
haps  equally  useful  endeavors,  he  wears  out  his  life  in  often  unrequited 
efforts  to  benefit  mankind,  it  must  be  a  mistaken  or  perverted  impulse 
■which  would  grudge  him  that  protection  which  is  accorded  to  all 
others,  or  that  would  fail  to  encourage,  in  all  suitable  ways,  efforts 
from  which  the  world  is  now  reaping  such  incalculable  benefits. 

The  evil  effects  which  would  be  the  result  of  a  departure  from  the 
rule  of  right  in  this  case  are  easily  perceivable.  Were  the  law  to  afford 
no  protection  to  the  inventor,  his  only  means  of  reaping  any  particular 
benefit  from  his  invention  would  be  by  hiding  it  from  the  knowledge  of 
the  world,  as  in  Turkey  the  peasant  secretes  his  wealth  lest  it  should 
become  the  prey  of  that  rapacity  against  which  the  laws  afford  no 
sufficient  protection. 

But  the  knowledge  that  is  thus  hidden  is  often  lost;  at  all  events,  its 
utility  is  greatly  lessened.  The  ancients  were  known  to  have  been 
possessed  of  many  valuable  arts  which  modern  ingenuity  has  tried  in 
vain  to  re-discover.  They  are,  perhaps,  lost  to  the  world  forever ; 
which  would  not  have  been  the  case  had  there  been  a  judicious  system 
of  patent  laws  in  existence. 

Besides,  in  relation  to  many  kinds  of  inventions,  secrecy  cannot 
afford  any  protection.  Many  machines,  utensils,  and  manufactures  are 
useful  to  the  inventor  only  as  they  are  publicly  sold  and  used,  and  can¬ 
not,  therefore,  be  hidden  from  the  world.  Without  some  other  pro¬ 
tection,  therefore,  that  great  moving  power  of  human  action — the  stim¬ 
ulus  of  pecuniary  gain — would  never  arouse  to  their  full  energies  the 
efforts  of  human  ingenuity. 

The  reason  why  hundreds  of  intellects  in  all  parts  of  our  country  are 
strained  to  their  utmost  tension  in  the  attempt  to  discover  something 
that  shall  prove  useful  to  mankind,  is  attributable  to  the  fact  that  indi¬ 
vidual  profit  is  inseparably  blended  with  the  general  welfare.  But 
who  would  cultivate  a  field  if  others  were  to  have  an  equal  right  to 
reap  the  harvest?  The  acknowledgment  and  protection  of  private 
property  are  the  parents  of  industry  and  effort,  as  much  in  relation  to 
inventions  as  to  any  other  species  of  possession  or  estate. 

For  reasons  like  these,  some  have  claimed  that  the  property  of  the 
inventor  in  the  creations  of  his  own  ingenuity  should  be  perpetual;  and 
the  argument,  founded  on  natural  justice,  is  not  without  great  weight. 
The  main  objection  against  it  is  drawn  from  expediency. 


10 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Original  inventions  are  always  imperfect,  leaving  much  to  be  done 
by  subsequent  inventors.  The  patentee  of  each  improvement  upon 
any  invention  must  obtain  the  license  of  previous  inventors  before  he 
can  avail  himself  of  his  own  property.  Were  all  these  patents  perpet¬ 
ual,  as  well  as  those  for  improvements  made  upon  improvements,  and 
combination  upon  combination,  we  should,  in  the  course  of  time,  find 
ourselves  surrounded  by  inextricable  confusion.  The  inventor  must, 
therefore,  be  satisfied  with  such  a  modification  of  his  rights  as  is  required 
by  the  public  good.  Whether  the  present  limit  be  not  too  narrow,  is 
a  matter  worthy  of  consideration.  It  certainly  is  so,  if  the  whole  pe¬ 
riod  of  its  duration  is  to  be  consumed  in  contest  after  contest — all  lead¬ 
ing  to  no  final  result. 

Some  modifications  of  the  present  rates  of  official  fees  have  been 
recommended  in  former  reports.  They  still  seem  desirable — not  so 
much  for  the  purpose  of  increasing  our  revenues  to  any  greater  extent, 
as  with  a  view  to  a  more  accurate  adjustment  of  the  amount  of  com¬ 
pensation  to  the  labor  and  trouble  occasioned  by  the  respective  cases. 

In  pursuance  of  the  general  idea  of  rendering  the  Patent  Office 
merely  a  self-sustaining  establishment,  it  seems  desirable  that  every 
case  should,  as  nearly  as  practicable,  be  taxed  with  the  expenses  it 
occasions,  but  no  more.  This  rule  might  easily  be  much  more  strictly 
observed  than  it  is  at  present. 

The  most  signal  departure  from  it  is  seen  in  the  exorbitant  fees  de¬ 
manded  of  foreign  applicants.  Where  the  citizen  or  immigrant  alien 
pays  a  fee  of  thirty  dollars,  the  subject  of  the  Queen  of  Great  Britain, 
who  resides  at  home  is  obliged  to  pay  five  hundred  dollars.  And  yet 
the  application  of  the  latter  occasions  no  more  trouble  than  that  of  the 
former. 

The  plausible  reason  for  this  difference  is,  that  our  citizens  are 
obliged  to  pay  as  great  a  fee  when  applying  for  a  British  patent  as  is 
required  of  the  British  subject  at  our  office.  It  should,  however,  be 
remembered,  that  the  British  government  makes  no  discrimination  in 
this  respect  between  subjects  and  aliens ;  all  are  taxed  at  the  same 
exorbitant  rates. 

The  patent  office  in  that  country  is  made  a  source  of  revenue.  Tire 
net  receipts  into  the  treasury  from  the  patent  fund,  in  1854,  were  about 
$ 75,000 ,  after  having  paid  more  than  $300,000  in  salaries  and  other 
expenditures.  It  will  require  little  argument  to  prove  that  this  is  a 
course  cf  policy  which  is  not  in  any  degree  worthy  of  our  imitation. 

These  inordinate  rates  of  fees  produce  to  a  great  extent  the  same 
evils  which  would  result  from  the  entire  abolition  of  all  patent  laws. 
Invention  is  thereby  greatly  checked ;  for  why  should  any  one  exert 
himself  to  create  what  he  cannot  afford  to  secure?  Many  seek  to 
protect  their  rights  by  secrecy,  and  on  both  of  these  accounts  the  world 
loses  many  of  the  advantages  which,  under  a  better  system,  it  would 
secure  forever. 

Our  law  co-operates  with  that  of  Great  Britain  in  producing  this 
very  result.  The  inventive  genius  of  other  nations,  checked  or  dis¬ 
heartened  at  home,  finds  itself  repulsed  here  also  ;  and  that  faculty 
which  was  intended  to  promote  the  progress  and  happiness  of  the  race 


COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS. 


11 


of  mankind,  lies  comparatively  inert  and  useless  throughout  a  large 
portion  of  our  brethren  of  the  human  family. 

If  all  patents  were  to  be  regarded  as  gratuities  to  the  patentees,  there 
would  be  some  reason  in  the  rule  that  the  subjects  of  other  govern¬ 
ments  should  be  treated  as  those  governments  treat  our  own  citizens 
in  this  respect.  But  patents  for  inventions  are  no  more  to  be  so  con¬ 
sidered  than  patents  for  lands.  In  either  case,  the  government  receives 
a  full  consideration  for  what  it  grants.  The  inventor  reveals  his 
secret — receives  a  sole  property  in  the  invention  for  fourteen  years, 
and  surrenders  it  to  the  public  afterwards,  paying  all  the  time  the  ex¬ 
penses  occasioned  by  the  transaction  of  the  necessary  business.  Can 
any  one  doubt  that  this  is  a  transaction  advantageous  to  the  public?  If 
it  be  so,  need  we  ask  of  what  nation  the  other  contracting  party  is  a 
citizen?  It  is  not  usual  for  our  countrymen  to  be  thus  fastidious,  when 
they  are  making  profitable  contracts.  Our  government  grants  patents 
for  its  lands,  without  asking  such  questions.  Our  citizens  ransack  the 
world  for  customers  who  will  offer  them  bargains  of  that  description. 

Or  if  a  patent  granted  to  an  alien  were  in  any  way  antagonistic  to 
the  legitimate  interests  of  the  home  inventor,  there  would  be  some 
reason  for  discouraging  foreign  applications  by  high  rates  of  fees.  But 
such  is  not  the  case,  unless  we  are  prepared  to  advocate  the  smother¬ 
ing  -of  a  valuable  truth  discovered  in, another  country  for  the  doubtful 
possibility  of  the  same  discovery  being  made  afterwards  by  one  of  our 
own  fellow-citizens. 

Every  real  invention  is  a  point  gained,  not  by  the  country  where  the 
invention  is  made,  but  by  the  world  to  whom  it  is  revealed.  It  is  one 
more  step  in  advance  made  by  our  common  humanity  in  the  progress 
of  that  development  to  which  it  is  ultimately  to  attain.  It  matters 
little  by  whom  those  inventions  are  first  given  to  the  world.  The 
learning,  the  science,  the  arts  of  Europe  are  as  much  ours  as  though 
they  had  originated  in  America;  they  advance  us  in  the  scale  of 
existence  in  the  same  manner  as  though  they  were  indigenous  here ; 
and  as  well’ might  we  refuse  to  improve  our  agriculture,  by  the  import¬ 
ation  of  better  varieties  of  grains,  or  plants,  or  animals,  as  to  shut  out 
or  discourage  those  improvements  in  the  arts  or  sciences  which  are  first 
discovered  in  a  foreign  country.  This  is  a  Chinese  policy,  unworthy 
the  intelligence  and  civilization  of  our  age  and  country.  A  feeling  of 
national  prejudice,  or  a  disposition  to  encourage  the  immigration  of 
foreign  inventors,  may  urge  a  continuance  of  the  discrimination  in  favor 
of  the  home  applicant  for  a  patent ;  but  that  philanthropy  which  em¬ 
braces  within  its  scope  all  the  children  of  our  common  parents,  and 
that  enlightened  self-interest  which  rejects  not  a  reciprocity  of  benefits 
by  which  the  general  welfare  of  all  is  manifestly  promoted,  alike  foibid 
a  continuance  of  this  illiberal  regulation. 

Fully  confident  that  the  interests  of  the  country  and  the  usefulness 
of  this  office  would  be  alike  promoted  by  the  course  herein  recom¬ 
mended,. the  candid  consideration  of  Congress  is  again  invited  to  this 
subject ;  and  some  reasons  are  given  in  support  of  the  proposed  change, 
additional  to  those  presented  in  the  two  last  reports  of  this  office. 

All  which  are  respectfully  submitted. 


CHARLES  MASON. 


12 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF  PERSONS  WHOSE  PATENTS  HAVE  EXPIRED 
DURING  THE  YEAR  1855,  WITH  THEIR  INVENTIONS  OR  DISCOVERIES, 
AND  CLASS. 


No. 


Patentees. 


Inventions  or  discoveries. 


Class. 


2035 

2265 

1940 

2204 

2351 

2227 

2326 


Abbe,  Alanson  .. 
Abbott,  John  .. . . 
Adams,  Elizabeth 
Aldrich,  Elisha  F 
Allen,  Horatio  .. 
Allen,  Horatio  .. 
Allen,  John  P. . . 
Allen,  Samuel  S. 


Corsets . 

Paving  blocks  of  wood,  prismatic. ....... 

Corsets . 

Propeller . . . . . 

Cocks,  stop . 

Valve  of  steam-engine,  cut-off . 

Bedsteads,  securing  and  fastening  rails  of . 
Husking  and  shelling  corn . 


XXI. 

IX. 

XXL 

VII. 

XI. 

VI. 

XVII. 

Addit’l 


2322 

2365 

2276 


1977 


2036 

1987 

2134 


2150 

1981 
2172 
2390 
2297 
2182 

1982 
1935 
2340 

2101 

2156 

2045 


2384 

2264 

2193 


2050 

2307 

2355 

2069 

2194 

1979 

1945 


2049 

2165 

2071 


Allison,  Peter  and  Wm.  C . 

Anderson,  Levi.. . 

Andrews,  Solomon.  (Improve¬ 
ment  on  patent  of  January 
11,  1836.) 

Andrews,  Solomon . 

Arnold,  Edward.  (See  Chas. 
B.  Rogers.) 

Arnold,  Job . . . 

Austin,  Frederick  J.. . . 

Austin,  Frederick  J . 

Axtell,  Jehiel  F.  (See  Thos. 
D.  Burrall.) 

Babcock,  Joseph  B . 

Backus,  John  and  Evens . 

Bailey,  Thos.  R. ,  and  Ezra  Rich. 

Baldwin,  David . 

Ball,  Jonathan . . . 

Ballard,  William  . . 

Barrett,  Asa . 

Batchelor,  Solomon  C . 

Beach,  Benjamin . 

Beach,  Waldren,  and  Ephraim 
Lukens . 

Bean,  Alexander  F . 

Beard,  Ebenezer., . 

Beck,  Levi.  (See  Jacob  Be¬ 
rn  uth.) 

Beers,  Jonathan  T . 

Benson,  Robert  N . 

Bentz,  Samuel . 

Bickford,  Wm.  A.  (See  Lem¬ 
uel  Bolles.)  . 

Bissell,  John  B . 

Bissell,  Levi . 

Blanchard,  Alonzo  L . 

Blanchard,  Hiram . 

Bogardus,  James . 

Bolles,  Lemuel,  Jedediah  Pres¬ 
cott,  and  Wm.  A.  Bickford. 
Boninger,  Rudolph,  and  Gus- 
tava,  assignees  of  M.  J. 
Fun  eke. 

Bowman,  Benj.  (See  Jacob 
Demuih.) 

Bradley,  George . 

Brett,  James . 

Bridges,  Albert,  and  Charles 
Davenport. 


Axle  of  railroad  car,  strengthening 

Files,  cutting . . 

Lock,  door,  combination . . 


Lock,  door,  combined  snail  wheel 


Press,  cheese . 

Inking  type,  machine  for . 

Paper,  cutting,  and  trimming  books . 

Engine,  fire . 

Stoves,  parlor . 

Smut  machine . 

Smut  machine . 

Ferules  of  canes,  &c.,  bottom  end  of  ... . 

Spikes  and  nails,  forming . 

Engine,  fire . . . 

Barge  and  army  boat,  portable  safety. . . . 
Slitting  timber  and  making  splints,  laths, 
&c. 

Brick  machine . . . . . . . . 

Stoves,  cooking  and  heating . 

Propeller,  screw . . . 


Smut  machine,  cleaning  grain,  &c . . 

Pile-driving  machine . 

Smut  machine,  cleaning  grain,  See . 

Stoves,  cooking . . . 

Springs,  railroad  cars,  Sec.,  in  which  com¬ 
pressed  atmospheric  air,  &c. ,  is  employed. 

Stoves,  parlor  and  dumb,  combined . 

Stoves,  cooking . 

Mill,  universal,  for  grinding,  hulling,  Sec  . 
Press,  cotton,  hay,  &c . . . . . 

Sulphate  of  alumine,  process  of  manufac¬ 
turing. 


Boilers,  steam,  ascertaining  pressure  of 
steam. 

Screw  wrench . . . 

Carriages,  railroad  . . . . . 


imp’t. 

X. 

II. 

II. 


II. 


XII. 

XVIII. 

III. 


XI. 

V. 

I. 
I. 

II. 
II. 

XI. 

VII. 

XIV. 

XV. 


V. 

VII. 


I. 

IX. 

I. 


V. 

X. 


V. 

V. 

XIII. 

XII. 


IV. 


VI. 


II. 

X. 


No. 

2312 

1956 

2385 

2127 

2398 

2162 

2325 

2012 

2409 

2258 

1964 

2278 

2373 

2175 

2233 

2041 

1966 

2411 

2238 

2288 

2195 

2358 

2094 

3304 

2059 

2216 

2222 

2017 

2159 

2246 

1926 

2074 

2072 

2051 


COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS. 


13 


Alphabetical  list  of  expired  patents — Continued. 


Patentees. 


Inventions  or  discoveries. 


Class. 


Briggs,  Jedediah,  (See  Ste¬ 
phen  Chubbuck.) 

Brown,  Charles  G . . 

Brown,  Josiah,  assignee  of  The- 
ophilus  Goodwin. 

Brown,  R.  B . . 

Bryant,  William . . 

Bucey,  Joseph . 

Buck,  Henry  A . . 

Bulkley,  William,  and  Otis  M. 
Inman. 

Bullock,  Isaac.  (See  Perry  G. 
Gardner.) 

Burger,  Henry . . 

Burgess,  Phineas.  (See  Dan¬ 
iel  Dodge.) 

Burnham,  George. .  * . 

Burrall,  Thomas  D  ? . . 

Butrick,  R.  P . . 

Calderhead,  Alex . . 

Calvert,  Francis  A . . 

Calvert,  Francis  A . . . 

Calvert,  Wm.  W.  and  Alanson 
Crane. 

Campbell,  Ethan . . 

Campbell,  John  A.... . 

Carey,  Stephen . . 

Cary,  Thomas  C . . 

Carr,  George . 

Carr,  William  H.,  assignee  of 
Thomas  Shepherd. 

Carsley,  William . 

Cate,  Norman  S.,  and  James 
H.  Putnam. 

Cavanaugh,  Luke  F . 

Chaffee,  Edwin  M.  (See  Chas. 
B.  Rogers  &  E.  Arnold.) 

Chapman,  John  Lee . . 

Chase,  A.  Ralston . . 

Chase,  Samuel  L . 

Chase,  Samuel  L.. . ...., 

Cheek,  Pendleton.. . . 

Cherry,  George  W . 

Childs,  Charles  D.. . . . 

Chilson,  Gardner . 


Brick  machine 
Alarm,  fire. . . 


XV. 

VIII. 


Springs,  carriage . . 

Saw-mill . 

Press,  tobacco . . 

Smut  machine . 

Tin  and  other  metals,  cutting 


X. 

XIV. 

XII. 

I. 

II. 


Sawing  machine,  cross-cut 


XIV. 


Inkstand . 

Propelling  threshing  machines  by  horse 
power. 

Stoves,  cooking,  railway . 

Loom,  weaving  figured  cloths,  Jacquard 
machinery  for. 

Wool,  &c.,  combing  and  preparing . 

Wool  and  cotton,  ginning,  burring,  or 
cleaning. 

Wool  and  cotton,  cleaning  from  burrs,  &c. 


XVIII. 

Dis¬ 
claimer  . 

V. 

III. 

III. 

III. 

III. 


Boilers,  steam,  apparatus  for  supplying 
with  water. 

Truss  for  prolapsus  uteri. . . 

Paving,  blocks  of  wood,  &e . 

Window-shutter  fastenings . 

Lamps,  burning  lard,  tallow,  &c . . . 

Hinges,  butt,  &c.,  casting  of  iron,  brass, &c. 


VI. 

XX. 

IX. 

II. 

V. 

II. 


Harpoon  . . . . 

Lamps,  burning  lard,  tallow,  &c 


VII. 

V. 


Stump  extractor 


IX. 


Cocks  for  hydraulic  and  pneumatic  purposes. 

Press,  seal . 

Stoves,  cooking. . . 

Stoves,  cooking . -  . 

Millstones,  dressing,  with  ventilators  for 
cooling  the  flour. 

Excavating  ditches . 

Smut  machine . . 

Grates  of  stoves,  constructing  and  ar¬ 
ranging. 


XI. 

XII. 
V. 

Reissue  . 

XIII. 


IX. 

I. 

V. 


Chubbuck,  Stephen,  &  Jedediah 
Briggs. 

Church,  Damon  A . . . 

Church,  Damon  A . 

Church,  Damon  A . 

Churchill,  Alfred . . 

Clark,  John . 

Clark,  Aaron . 


Furnaces,  blast . 

Mowing,  harvesting  machine  for  cutting, 
threshing,  and  winnowing  grain. 

Press,  cheese . 

Sawmill  dogs . 

Mowing,  harvesting  grain . 

Pump,  valves  and  pistons  of . 

Silk  reel  and  light  machinery,  driving 
with  the  foot. 


II. 

I. 

XII. 

XIV. 

I. 

XI. 

III. 


Cochrane,  John.  (See  William 

Craig.)  ' 

Coes,  Loring  . . j  Screw  wrench 


II. 


14 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OP  THE 


Alphabetical  list  of  expired  patents — Continued. 


No. 


2356 


2126 

2118 

1947 

2395 

2179 


2237 


2125 


2313 

2066 

2008 

2329 

2019 


2334 

2377 

1973 

1962 


2274 

2321 


2378 

1960 

1974 

2077 


1983 

2277 


2239 

2209 

2211 


2215 

2286 


2287 


2087 

2337 

2105 

2226 

2147 

2281 


Patentees. 


Inventions  or  discoveries. 


Cole,  Thomas . 

Colman,  Sidney  E . ; . . . . 

Collins  &  Wistar,  assignees  of 
Stacy  Costill. 

Conklin,  Thomas... . 

Connison,  Alex . 

Cooch,  Richard  M. . 

Cook,  David  R.. . 

Cooper,  Thomas . 

Copeland,  Charles  W . 

Copeland,  George  M . 

Coppuck,  James. . 

Cornelius,  Robert . 

Cornell,  Thomas  J . 

Cordes,  James  J.,  &  Edward 
Lock . 


Bedstead,  cutting  tenons  and  boring  holes 
in  the  rails  of. 

Fulling  mill . 

Lathe,  turning  handles,  poles,  &c . . 

Brick  press . 

Springs,  pneumatic,  piston  of,  &c . 

Mowing,  cutting  and  gathering  flax, 
hemp,  &c. 

Suspender  straps,  attached  to  pantaloons. 
Puddling  furnaces  for  manufacturing  iron 
with  anthracite  coal. 

Steam  engine,  low  pressure,  arranging  to 
adapt  its  part's  for  vessels  in  ocean  service. 

Grist  mill,  bush  for. . 

Smut  machine . 

Lamps,  gas . 

Stone  cutting  and  dressing . 

Steam  engine,  rotary . 


Costill,  Stacy.  (See  Collins  & 
Wistar.) 

Cottrell,  Albert . 

Craig,  Wm.,  &  John  Cochran. . 

Crane,  Aaron  D. . . 

Crane,  Ebenezer,  &  Alanson. . . 
Crane,  Alanson.  (See  W.  W. 
Calvert. ) 

Cromwell,  Joseph  and  Henry  F. 

Crosby,  Pearson . 

Cross,  Jefferson . 

Crossman,  Alfred  B.  (See  Jos. 
B.  Wilson.) 

Cushwa,  Benjamin. . . . . . . 


Bridge  building . 

Loom  temples,  self-acting  rotary 

Clocks . . . . . 

Carding  machine,  cotton  or  wool 

Plough,  wrought  iron . 

Saw  mill,  re-sawing  boards,  &e. . 
Cooking  stove . 

Self-adjusting  log  brace.. ...... 


Custis,  John . . . 

Damon,  Isaac . 

Dampier,  C  E . 

Danforth,  Charles  . . 

Danforth,  Charles . 

Darling,  Riley . 

Davenport,  Charles.  (See  Al¬ 
fred  Bridges.) 

Davenport,  John  A.  (See  John 
G.  Hotchkiss.) 

Davenport,  Moses . 

Davis,  Perry . 

Davis,  Perry . . 

Davis,  Perry . . . 

Davison,  William . 

Davison,  William . 

Delcambre,  Adrien.  (See  Jas. 
PI.  Young.) 

Demuth,  Jacob,  Benjamin  Bow¬ 
man,  and  L.  Beck. 

Derby,  Joseph  H . . 

Detterer,  Isaac . 

Dillaway,  Hiram . 

Dircks,  Henry . 

Dodge,  Daniel,  and  Phineas 
Burgess. 


Raising  sunken  vessels,  machine  for . 

Gridiron,  constructing . 

Balance,  weighing  apparatus . 

Spinning  and  twisting  machinery,  im¬ 
provements  applicable  to. 

Spinning,  cotton  roping . 

Crackers,  making . 


Horse  power . 

Steel,  mode  of  hardening . 

Stove  pipes,  ornamental  slides  or  plates 
for  covering  flues  of. 

Windmill . . . 

Copy  books,  and  method  of  binding  the 
same. 

Pen,  fountain,  & c . . . 


Smut  machine . 

Corn  sheller . . 

Files  or  ready  binders  for  pamphlets,  &e. . 

Glass,  moulds  for  pressing . 

Wheels  for  rail  and  other  roads . 

Dock,  floating  dry. . . . . . . 


Class. 


XVII. 

III. 

XIV. 

XV. 

X. 

I. 

XXI. 

Reissue . 

VI. 

XIII. 

I. 

V- 

XV. 

VI. 


IX. 

III. 

VIII. 

III. 


I. 

XIV. 
Addit’nl 
iinp’t . 

Addit’nl 
imp ’t . 

IX. 

V. 

XII. 

III. 

III. 

XVII. 


XIII. 

II. 

V. 


XI. 

XVIII. 

XVIII. 


I. 

XVIII. 

XV. 

X. 

IX. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS. 


15 


Alphabetical  list  of  expired  patents — Continued. 


No. 


2397 

2092 

2104 

1928 

2290 


Patentees. 


Dole,  Albert . 

Douglass,  Stephen  P.  W . 

Douglass,  Stephen  P.  W . 

Duff,  William . *. . 

Dutton,  John . 

Dwight,  John.  (See  Newhall 
and  Wilkins.) 

Dyott,  Michael  B . 


2212 


Echols,  Josephus 


2360  Edwards,  David  A. 
2034  Eltonhead,  Thomas 


2154 

991 

2396 


English,  Ptobert. . 
Ernst,  Herman  C 
Etzler,  John  A. . . 


2166 


Evans,  David 


1925 

2042 

2370 

2345 


Evarts,  Russell  . . 

Fansher,  Sylvanus . 

Farley,  John.  (See  J.  M.  Moss.) 

Farnam,  Joel . 

Farnam,  Joel . 


2387 

2301 


2324 

2335 

2294 

2292 

2319 


Farnam,  Joel. . . 

Feinour,  Joseph,  jr . 

Fisk,  Almond  D.  (See  N.  W. 
Fisk.) 

Fisk,  Joseph  E . 

Fisk,  Nelson  W.,  assignee  of 
Almond  D.  Fisk.) 

Fitzgerald,  Daniel . 

Fitzgerald,  Daniel . . 

Fitzgibbon,  John . 


Inventions  or  discoveries. 


Balance,  portable . 

Legs,  apparatus  for  relief  of  debility  in  the  . 
Power,  maintaining,  to  drive  machinery.  . 

Springs,  railroad  cars,  &c . 

Raising  water,  endless  chain  bucket . 


Class. 


XII. 

XX. 

XIII. 

X. 

XI. 


Camphene  lamp . 

Condensers  of  steam  engines,  and  appara¬ 
tus  for  supplying  the  boilers  with  water. 

Springs,  elliptical . 

Spectacles,  forming  joint  on  end  piece  of 
frame . 

Canal  lock  gate . 

Bedstead,  fastening  of. . . . 

Steam  engine,  locomotive  propelling  by 
stationary  power. 

Keyhole  of  door  and  other  locks,  closing 
and  opening. 

Steering  steamboats,  apparatus  for . 

Window  blind  fasteners . . 


Addit’nl 
imp’t . 

VI. 

X. 

VIII. 

IX. 

XVII. 

VI. 

II. 

VII. 

II. 


Pump . 

Pump,  double-acting,  for  raising  and 
forcing  water. 

Pumps,  double  acting  suction  and  force. . . 
Stoves,  parlor . 


XI. 

XI. 

XII. 
V. 


Stoves,  air-tight  or  Arnott 
Stoves,  cooking . 


V. 

V. 


Boats,  sub-marine  gun 

Propeller . 

Trunks,  travelling  . . . 


WII. 

VII. 

XVI. 


2341 


2180 

2364 

2088 


Flenner,  Lewis . 

Fobes,  Edwin.  (See  Timothy 
Gilbert. 

Fobes,  Charles  P . 

Forrist,  Martin  C . 

Foster,  Charles . . 


Garments,  tailors,  instruments  and  mode 
of  measuring. 


Crackers,  cutting . 

Gudgeon,  applying  friction  rollers  to . 

Forges,  blacksmiths’,  bellows-box  attached 


XXI. 


XVII. 

XIII. 

II. 


2231 

2208 

2018 

2293 

2131 

2323 

1945 


2405 


2076 

2316 


Foster,  Leonard . 

Fox,  Selah  W.,  and  Aretas 
Ferry. 

Francis,  Joseph  . . 

Francis,  Joseph  . . 

French,  Richard . 

Frost,  James . 

Funcke,  Max.  J.  (See  Rudolph 
Boniger.) 

Gail,  Titus  D . 


Door-fasteners,  mortise  latch . 

Mowing  scythes,  fastening  the  thole  upon 
the  snath. 

Boats,  life  and  other . . . . . . 

Constructing  boats,  vessels,  &c . 

Spark  arresters . . . 

Steam-engine,  repeating  expansive  engine. 


Butter,  making  and  pressing 


Gamble,  James,  and  Joseph  S. 
Hill. 

Garber,  Samuel,  and  Henry 
Swartzingrover. 

Gardiner,  Perry  G . 

Gardiner,  Perry  G.,  assignee 
of  Isaac  Bullock. 


Candles,  moulding . 

Burning,  lime . 

Propeller,  arranging  paddles  of  paddle 
wheels. 

Car,  railroad,  turning  curves  . . 


II. 

I. 

VII. 

VII. 

VI. 

VI. 


Addit’nl 

imp’t. 

IV. 

Addit’nl 

imp’t. 

VII. 

X. 


16 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


No. 


Alphabetical  list  of  expired  patents — Continued. 


Patentees. 


Inventions  or  discoveries. 


2298 

2300 

£109 


2167 

1970 

1971 

2289 

2009 

1986 

1998 

2168 
1975 
2328 

2048 

1956 


2311 

1965 

2308 


2261 

2121 

2291 

2039 

2267 

1996 

2359 

2332 

1937 

2028 

2110 


2161 

2223 

2244 

2116 


2113 

2309 

1948 


2111 

2393 


Garlin?  William . . , 
Garretson,  John  G 
George,  William  S 
Gibbons,  Joseph... 


Valve  of  steam-engines,  throttle 

Water-wheels . . . 

Shingles,  riving  and  dressing. . . 
Seed-planters. . . 


Gilbert,  Lemuel . . . 

Gilbert,  Timothy . 

Gilbert,  Timothy,  assignee  of 
Edwin  Forbes. 

Gleason,  Lyman . 

Goell,  Alvin  C . . . . . 

Goell,  Alvin  C . . 

Gold,  Job  S . . 

Gold,  Stephen  J . . 

Goldsborough,  Nicholas . . 

Goodell,  Frederick,  and  Thos. 
W.  Harvey. 

Goodwin,  Samuel . 

Goodwin,  Theophilus.  (See  Jo- 
siah  Brown.) 

Goudy,  Levi  L . 

Grandy,  Lewis,  and  Thomas 
Osgood. 

Granger,  Ransselaer  D . . 

Grannis,  Sidney  S.  (See 
Abraham  Howe.) 

Graves,  Joseph  S.  (See  R.  C. 
Stiles.) 

Gray,  J.  B . . 

Green,  Benjamin  H . 

Greene,  Lewis . 

Greenough,  Benjamin  F . . 

Griffith,  George  R . . 

Grimes,  William  C . . 

Guerin,  Napoleon  E . 

Guilford,  Simeon . . 

Hacker,  George  S . . 

Hale,  Joseph  W . . 

Hall,  Elias,  jr . . 

Hall,  William.  (See  Enoch 
Robinson) . 

Hall,  William  M . . 

Hamilton,  Harwell  IT . . 

Hampson,  John . . 

Hampson,  John . . . 

Hampson,  Robert . . 

Hanson,  John  and  Charles. 
(See  B.  and  H.  B.  Tatham). 

Hardesty,  Thomas  G . 

Harrington,  Daniel . 

Harris,  Benjamin.  (See  Wm. 
W.  Hunter). 

Harris,  Robert  S . 

Harvey,  Thomas  W.  (See 
Frederick  Goodell). 

Hawkes,  Charles  W . 

Heath,  George . . . . . . 


Piano  forte . 

Piano  forte  action,  part  of . 

Piano  forte,  hammer  heads  used  in ...... . 

Splints,  cutting,  for  manufacturing  brooms, 
&c. 

War  rockets,  boring . 

War  rockets,'  press  for  filling . 

Refrigerator . .  . . 

Lamps,  burning  camphene,  &c . . . 

Corn-sheller . 

Saw-mill,  self-setting . . 

Cement,  hardening  manufactures  of,  and 
rendering  them  impervious  to  moisture. 

Carding  machine,  condenser  for  woollen. . 
Cannon  balls,  &c.,  manufacturing  from 
malleable  iron,  lead,  &c. 

Flues  of  elevated  ovens  combined  with 
cooking  stoves. 


Lock,  permutation  door. . . . 

Door,  instrument  for  fastening  on  the  in¬ 
side. 

Smut  machine . 

Lamps,  improvement  in . 

Bales  of  cotton,  floating  them  in  form  of  raft. 

Hulling  and  cleaning  clover  seed . 

Life  preserver  or  buoyant  dress . 

Tanning  hides,  &c.,  process  of . . . . 

Car  bodies,  railroad . 

Flannels,  &c.,  wetting . 

Boots,  treeing . . . . 

Beehive . . . 

Screws,  wood,  cutting . 

Blinds,  Venetian,  retaining  slats  of,  in 
desired  position. 

Boilers,  steam,  supplying  with  water, 
self-acting  apparatus  for. 

Block  printing  on  woven  fabrics  of  cotton,  &c 

Press,  tobacco . . . . 

Garments,  pockets  of . . . . 

Spike  heading . . . . . . . 

Press,  cotton,  hay,  &c . . . 

Canal  lock,  gate  sluice. . . . . 


Class. 


VI. 

XI. 

XIV. 

Addit’nl 

imp’t. 

XVIII. 

XVIII. 

XVIII. 

XIV. 

XIX. 

XIX. 

XVII. 

V. 

I. 

XIV. 

IV. 


m. 

XIX. 

V. 


II. 

II. 

I. 

V. 

VII. 

I. 

VII. 

XVI. 

X. 

III. 

XVI. 


Addit’l 

imp’t 

II. 

IX. 

VI. 

XVIII. 


XII. 

XXI. 


II. 


XII. 

IX. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS. 


17 


Alphabetical  list  of  expired  patents — Continued. 


No. 

Patentees. 

1934 

Hemmenway,  Benjamin . 

1930 

Henry,  Pierre  D . 

2148 

Herrick,  Webster . . 

2203 

Heurteloup,  C.  L.  S . . . . . 

2270 

Heygel,  Joseph.. . . . 

Hill,  Joseph  S.  (See  James 
Gamble) . 

2119 

Hill,  Moses  J  . . . . . 

2206 

Hill,  William  B . . 

2023 

Hobday,  John,  and  William  J. 
Cocke . 

2135 

Kobe,  Charles  F. . . . 

2173 

Hodges,  Nathaniel  F . 

2376 

Hoggan,  James  M . 

2366 

Hogle,  Sidney  S . 

2112 

Hogle,  Sidney  S. . . . . 

2115 

Holmes,  John  B . 

1927 

Holmes,  Philip  B.  and  William 
Pedrick. 

2306 

Hopkins,  Lansing  E . . 

1951 

Hopkins,  William  R . 

2361 

Hotchkiss,  John  G.,  J.  A.  Da¬ 
venport,  and  J.  W.  Quincy. 

2197 

Hotchkiss,  John  G.,  J.  A.  Da¬ 
venport,  and  J.  W.  Q,uiney. 

2221 

Houpt,  John  . . 

2273 

Howe,  Abraham,  and  S.  S. 
Grannis. 

2299 

Plowe,  x\braham  and  S.  S. 
Grannis. 

Howe,  Elias,  assignee  of  Jos. 
C.  Smith. 

2013 

Howe,  John  J  . . . 

2086 

Hubball,  Ebenezer . 

1972 

Hubball,  Ebenezer,  assignee  of 
Joseph  Martin. 

2027 

Hubbard,  Noadiah  W . 

Hubbell,  William  W.  (See 
Leonard  Phleger.) 

2184 

Hunter,  David . . . 

2004 

Hunter,  William  W.,  &  Benja¬ 
min  Harris. 

2063 

Hurd,  Joseph,  jr . . . 

Hyatt,  Theodore  and  Thad- 
deus.  (See  N.  T.  Winans.) 
Inman,  Otis  M.  (See  William 
Bulkley.) 

Jackson,  Asa.  (See  David  Phi¬ 
lips.) 

1923 

Jackson,  Edwin  W . 

2032 

Jayne,  Zophar . 

2357 

Jcnks,  Otis.  ................. 

2254 

Jennings,  Isaiah . 

2339 

Jennings,  Thomas  Y . 

1976 

Jewett,  Benjamin  F . 

Inventions  or  discoveries. 


Class. 


Lamp,  Argand,  constructing . 

Praising  water,  hydraulic  wheels  for . 

Hulling  rice  and  other  grain . 

Fire-arms,  portable . 

Smut  machine,  cleaning  and  separating 
garlic,  &c.,  from  grain. 


V. 

XI. 

I. 

XIX. 

I. 


Tooth  extractor. . . 

Grates  of  limekilns,  &c  ...» . 

Propeller,  wheel  for  propelling  steam¬ 
ships,  and  wind  or  water-wheel  for 
mills. 

Extension  tables,  slides  of . . . 

Water-wheels,  reacting  . . 

Latch,  door . . . 

Lathe,  universal  chuck . . . . . . . 

Pump . 

Hoisting,  machinery  for . 

Hides,  raw  and  leather,  cutting  into  strips 
for  manufacture  of  ropes,  &c. 

Boilers,  steam,  caldron  and  furnace  com¬ 
bined. 

Barometer . . . 

Knobs,  glass,  for  locks,  curtain  pins,  &c., 
attaching  necks,  shanks,  and  screws, 
&c.,  to. 

Knobs  of  all  kinds  of  clay,  &c.,  making.. 

Hydrostatic  or  hydraulic  press,  for  pressing 
cotton. 

Loom,  weaver’s  harness,  wire  heddles  for. 
Loom,  weaver’s  harness,  wire  heddles  for. 


XX. 

V. 

VII. 


VIII. 

AT. 

II. 

XIV. 

XI. 

XII. 

XVI. 

VI. 

VIII. 

II. 


XV. 


XI. 

III. 

III. 


Palmleaf  for  stuffing  beds,  sofas,  &c 


Reissue 


Pin-making  machine 
Cocks  for  hydrants  . 
Cocks  for  hydrants  . 


II. 

XI. 

XI. 


Water-wheels,  current 


XI. 


Spinning,  ring  spinner .  III. 

Constructing  steam  vessels  and  propelling.  VII . 


Chimney,  apparatus  to  prevent  smoking, 
&c. 


V. 


Power,  graduating  the  velocity  of  moving 
bodies. 

Truss,  reducible  hernia,  mode  of  treat¬ 
ing,  &c. 

Stoves,  parlor  or  open  grates  for  burning 
anthracite  and  other  coal. 

Lamps,  burning  volatile  ingredients . 

Balance,  platform . 

Plough,  attaching  the  mouldboard  and 
sheath,  &c.,  by  rivets. 


XIII. 

XX. 

V. 

V. 

XII. 

I. 


2 


18 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Alphabetical  list  of  expired  patents — Continued. 


No. 


Patentees. 


2401 

2391 


Johnson,  Charles 
Johnson,  George 
Johnson,  John. . . 


2138 

2303 

2000 

2280 

2218 


2117 


Johnson,  Nelson . 

Jones,  Joseph  . 

Jones,  Orlando . 

Jones,  Richard . 

'  < 

Jones,  Thomas  M . 

Joslyn,  Mathews.  (See  B.  B. 
Mason.) 

Julian,  William  F . 


2030 

2100 

2368 

2240 

2010 

1990 

2095 

2310 

2155 


Kaighn,  Elias  . . 

Kennedy,  Henry  P . .  . . . 

Kilburn,  George,  and  John  J. . 

King,  Harmon . 

King,  James . 

King,  James  . . 

King,  John  B . 

Kingsley,  Nathan  P . 

Lampson,  Silas . 


2348 

2272 

2122 

2410 

2236 

2171 

1992 


2342 

1955 

2124 

2374 


2025 


2120 


2098 

2146 


Laubach,  Josepli . 

Law ,  Plervey . . . 

Le  Patourel,  James . 

Lear,  Peter . 

Lee,  Samuel  A . 

Lewis,  Clark  . . . . 

Lewis,  Robert  B. . . . . . . 

Linacree,  Thos.  (See  Samuel 
Welsh.) 

Lincoln,  Levi . 

Lindsey, Ichabodb . . 

Little,  Samuel  H . 

Little,  Samuel  II . . . 

Lize,  Louis . . . . . . 

Lock,  Edw'ard.  (See  James  J. 
Cordes.) 

Lockwood,  David  C . 

Long,  Stephen  H. . . . . . 

Loring,  Thomas.  (See  Thomas 
Shepherd.) 

Lowry,  James  R.,  and  Philan¬ 
der  Eggleston . 

Lukens,  Ephraim.  (See  Wal- 
dren  Beach.) 

Luther,  Harvey . . . 

Luther,  John . 


2210 

2038 

2053 


2033 


2217 

1989 


Mallory,  Meredith . 

Manning,  Cephas . 

Manning,  Nathaniel  L . 

Mardoek,  Thomas . 

Marsh,  James  S.j,  and  Asa 

M  unger . * . 

Martin,  Joseph.  (See  Ebene- 
zar  Plubball.) 

Martin,  Prosper . 

Mason,  Belden  B. ,  and  Mathews 
Joslyn. 

Mason,  John  C.  (See  Draper 
;  Iluggles.) 


Inventions  or  discoveries. 


Class. 


Motion  of  fly-wheel  or 'slide,  to  multiply. . 

Syphons,  &c . . . 

Polishing  plates  used  in  taking  likenesses, 
apparatus  for. 

Water-wheels . . . 

Seeding,  planting  machines,  &c . 

Starch,  manufacture  of . 

Press,  screw  and  application  to  the  pres¬ 
sure  of  elaine  from  tallow. 

Stoves,  air-tight . 


XIII. 

XI. 

XVIII. 


XT. 

I. 

IV. 

XII. 

V. 


Propeller,  paddle,  and  water-wheels,  bra¬ 
cing  arms  of 

Tuyere,  blacksmith’s,  &c . 

Chair,  recumbent . 

Cutting  blubber . 

Constructing  berth  of  vessels . 

Mortising  machine . . . 

Saw  mill,  head  block  of,  &c . . . . . . 

Straw  cutters . ' . 

Cooking  ranges . . . 

Mowing,  scythe,  securing  upon  the  snath 
and  fastening  the  nib  to  the  same. 

Hearth,  blacksmith’s  or  forge  . 

Planing  boards  and  timber . 

Beehives . . . . 

Propeller  paddle,  vibrating . 

Pump,  rotary . 

Water-wheels . . . . . 

Attaching  the  bristles  to  brushes . 

Cocks  and  molasses  gates . . 

Carrier’s  beam,  constructing  face  of. ... . 

Horse  power . 

Horse  power . 

Steam  engine,  &c . 

Excavating  earth . . 

Bridge,  wooden  brace . . . 

O'  * 


Saw  mill 


Clothes-horse,  connecting  frames  of. . 

Screws,  metallic . 

Propeller . . . 

Staves,  cutting . . 

Feathers,  drying,  whipping,  and  cleaning. 
Saddles,  spring . • . A 

Heating  water,  steaming  vegetables,  &c. . 

Floating  batteries . 

Stump  extracting  . . . . . 


II. 

XVII. 

XVII. 

VII. 

XIV. 

:  iv. 

i. 

V. 

1. 

II. 

XIV. 

I. 

VII. 

XI. 

XI. 

XVII. 


XT. 

XVI. 

XIII. 

Reissue. 

VI. 


IX. 

Reissue. 


XIV. 


xvir. 

li. 

VII. 

xiv. 

XVII. 

XVI. 

V. 


VII. 


IX. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS 


19 


Alphabetical  list  of  expired  patents — Continued. 


No. 


Patentees. 


Inventions  or  discoveries. 


Matthews,  Elbridge  G.  (See 
Draper  Ruggles.) 


2202 

Mayo,  James  C . 

2336 

McDonald,  Richard . 

2349 

McEwen,  William . 

2024 

McFarland,  Corey . 

2065 

McKean,  James  P . 

2389 

McMillen,  Reuben . 

2388 

McMillen,  Reuben . 

2068 

McPhetridge,  C.  A . 

Mears,  John.  (See  David 

Prouty.) 

2185 

Meschutt,  Jas.  M . 

2147 

Miller,  Ezra  L . 

2106 

Miller,  L.  B.  and  E . 

2399 

Mims,  S.  J.  and  M . 

Mitchell,  Enos . 

2102 

2073 

Moore,  J.  Francis . 

Morison,  B . . 

Saw  mill,  portable . i, 

Constructing  steam  vessels  to  prevent 

sinking . . 

Forges  and  furnaces,  water  backs  for. .  . . 

Palm  leaf,  machine  for  splitting . 

Window  shutter  and  blind  fastener . 

Plough,  cast-iron . 

Steam  generating  combined  cooking  oven 
and  boiler. 

Gin,  cotton,  saw . . . 

Bedstead,  sofa . . . 

Seeding,  planting  corn  and  other  seed  . . 

Garments,  tailors’  measures  for . 

Plough,  altering  the  set  of  the  same. .... 

Churn,  double  dasher . . 

Horse  power . . . 

Balance  for  weighing . . 


2130 

2243 

1957 

2228 

2314 

2052 


2406 

1954 

2344 

1997 


Morris,  Edmund . 

Morris,  William . 

Moss,  Isaac  M.,  assignee  of 
John  Farlee. 

Mott,  Jordan  L . . 

Monroe,  Joseph  —  . . . 

Murdock,  Zina  K . 

Monger,  Asa.  (See  James  S. 
Marsh.) 

Naglee,  Henry  M.,  and  Thomas 
Raney. 

Nelson,  John . . 

Nevins,  Wm.  R . . . 

Newbery,  Geo'rge  J . 

Newhall,  Daniel . 


Silk-worms,  mode  of  feeding,  and  appa¬ 
ratus  for. 

Wells,  Artesian,  boring,  & c . 

h^stand,  capillary  wick,  &c . 

Steam  engine,  locomotive,  increasing  ad¬ 
hesion  of  driving  wheels. 
Carding-machine,  cotton  or  wool,  &c. . . . 
Knives,  &e.,  handles  for . 

Railroad  scrapers,  &c . . 

Spinning  wool,  domestic  spinner  for . . 

Crackers,  cutting . . 

Fabrics,  water-proofing . . 

Protecting  trees  from  canker  worm . 


2330 

2081 


2259 

2145 

2220 


1933 

2207 

2284 


1961 


2174 

2269 

2057 


Newhall,  Daniel  B . 

Newhall,  Daniel  B.,  and  Levi 
Wilkins,  assignees  of  John 
Dwight,  part  inventor  with 
said  D.  B.  Newhall. 

Nichols,  Howard . . . . 

Nicolson^  Samuel . 

Nolt,  Jonas . 

Nourse,  Joel.  (See  Draper 
Ruggles.) 

Olds,  Calvin . . . 

Oliver,  Samuel . . 

Orcutt,  William  A . 

Osborn,  James  P. . . . . . 

Osgood,  Thomas.  (See  Lewis 
Grandy.) 

Page,  Albert  G.  (See  Abel 
Simonds  ) 

Page,  George  . . 

Page,  John  A . 

Palmer,  William  B.  . . . . 


Pianoforte . . 

Pianoforte,  keys  in 


Steering  brace  for  boats. . . 

Signals,  railroad  alarm . . 

Smut  machine,  cleaning  grain . . . . . . 

Seeding,  seed  drill  or  corn  planter . 

Distilling,  art  of,  improvement  in . 

Lightning  conductors,  attaching  the  re¬ 
ceiving  and  discharging  points. 
Harness,  horse  collars,  stretchings,  &e. . . 


Saw  mill,  portable  circular. ............. 

Furnace  for  heating  air  and  warming 
apartments. 

Smut  machine 


Class. 


XIV. 

VII. 

II. 
XXII. 

II. 

I. 

VI. 

III. 


XVII. 

I. 

XXL 

I. 

I. 

XIII. 

Addit’nl 

imp’t. 

III. 

IX. 

XVIII. 

VI. 

III. 

XXII. 


IX. 

III. 

XVII. 

III. 

Addit’nl 

imp’t. 

XVIII. 

XVIII.. 


I. 


r. 

IV. 

VIII. 

XVI. 


XIV. 

V. 


20 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Alphabetical  list  of  expired  patents — Continued. 

* 


No. 


2183 

2122 

1953 

2247 

2058 


2177 

1999 

2029 

2014 

2103 

2001 

2080 

2260 


2141 

2142 

2143 

2144 

2343 

2191 

2268 

2282 

2219 


1994 

2060 

2369 

2199 

2132 

2225 


2083 

2394 


2252 


1980 

2201 


2006 

2266 

1963 

2055 


Patentees. 


Parkinson,  Thomas . 

Patourel,  James  Le.  (See  Le 
Patourel.) 

Patterson,  James  H . 

Payne,  Charles  . . . . . . 

Payne,  Elisha  D. ,  and  E.  W ood- 
ruff. 

Pedrick,  William.  (See  Philip 
B.  Holmes.) 

Pendergast,  Isaac  S . 

Pennock,  Moses  and  Samuel. . . 

Perkins,  William . 

Perrin,  William . 

Philips,  David. . . . 

Philips,  David . 

Philips,  David,  and  Asa  Jackson 

Philips,  Henry  F . 

Philips,  James  T.  (See  John 
Price .) 

Phleger,  Leonard,  assignee  of 
W.  W.  Hubble. 

Phleger,  Leonard,  assignee  of 
W.  W.  Hubble. 

Phleger,  Leonard,  assignee  of 
W.  W.  Hubble. 

Phleger,  Leonard,  assignee  of 
W.  W.  Hubble. 

Pierce,  Thomas . 

Pitney,  Joseph  T . 

Pitts,  Hiram  A . 

Platt,  Josiah . 

Poole,  Henry  S . 1 . 

Porter,  Rufus.  (See  John  F. 
Schermerhorn.) 

Prescott,  Jedediah.  (SeeLem’l 
Bolles.) 

Price,  Jehu,  and  Jas.  T.  Philips. 
Prince,  John  D . . . 

Proctor,  Leonard  . . 

Prosser,  Thomas . . . 

Prouty,  David,  and  John  Mears. 

Pullman,  Lewis . . . . . 

Putnam,  James  H,  (See  Nor¬ 
man  S..  Cate.) 

Putnam,  James  R . 

Quilliard,  Claude  S.  . . 


Quincy,  John  W.  (See  John 
G.  Hotchkiss.) 

Rand,  John . 

Raney,  Thomas.  (See  H.  M. 
Naglee. 

Ransom,  Franklin,  andUzziah 
Wenman. 

Ray,  F owler  M  . . 

Ray,  Fowler  M. . . . . . 

Read,  Josiah  M . 

Reading,  Pearson . 

Reed,  Jeremiah  M . 

Reed,  Jesse . . . . 


Inventions  or  discoveries. 


Harness,  horse  collars,  cutting  leather  for. 
Beehives . . 

Paving,  blocks  of  wood,  &c . 

Salting  animal  matters . . 

Screens  for  sifting  coal,  grain,  &c . 


Shoemakers’  paring  knives . . . 

Seeding,  seed  planters . 

Crackers,  cutting . 

Dovetails,  cutting  square  joint. . . .  . . 

Gin,  cotton,  railroad . 

Saw  mill . . . 

Winnowing  grain,  fanning  mills. . 

Axle  and  hub  for  carriage  wheels . 

Spark  arrester . . . 

Spark  arrester . . . . . 

Spark  arrester . . . . . 

Spark  arrester . . . . . . . 

Churn . . . . 

Speculum  ani . ' . . . . 

Beehives  . 

Grist  mill . 

Buttons,  attaching  to  cloth ............. 


Bridges,  truss  frames  of . . . . . 

Dyeing  black,  iron  liquor  used  as  mor¬ 
dant  for. 

Washing  machine. . . 

Buttons,  manufacture  of . 

Plough,  construction  of . 

Buildings,  &c.,  removing . 


Removing  bars,  &c.,  from  harbors,  riv¬ 
ers,  &c. 

Furnaces,  combination  of,  for  manufac¬ 
turing  wrought  iron  directly  from  the 
ore . 


Paint,  &c.,  vessels  for  preserving 


Water,  applying,  to  fire  engines,  &c.. . . 

Bumper  and  draught  springs  on  railroad 
cars. 

Springs  for  railroad  cars . . . . . 

Crimping  leather,  clamps  for  . . 

Corn  sheller . 

Horse  power,  endless  floor  . . 

Pumps . . . 


Class. 


XVI. 

I. 

IX. 

IV. 

V. 


XVI. 
,  L 
XVII. 
XIV. 

III. 

XIV. 

I. 

X. 


VI. 

VI. 

VI. 

VI. 

I. 

XX. 

I. 

XIXL 

XXL 


IX. 

IV. 

XVII. 

XXI. 

I. 

XII. 


IX. 


n. 


IV. 


XI. 

X. 

Reissue. 

XVI. 

I. 

XIII. 

XI. 


COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS. 


21 


No. 


2099 

2067 

2367 

1967 

2170 

2129 


2002 


2318 

2200 

2044 

1984 

1942 

2305 

1978 

2404 

1995 

2248 

9096 


2392 

2232 

2279 

1939 


2347 

2327 

2114 

2250 

2262 

1993 


2046 

2090' 

1968 

2016 

1938 

2040 

2078 

2153 


1958 

2251 

2213 


Alphabetical  list  of  expired  patents — Continued. 


Patentees. 


Reichenback,  Frederick  C . 

Rice,  Zalmun . 

Richards,  William  T . 

Richardson,  Alpha . 

Richardson,  Elliott . 

Ricliman,  Christian  and  Charles. 
Rider,  Justus.  (See  William 
H.  Rider.) 

Rider,  William  H.,  assignee  of 
Justus  Rider. 

Riley,  Salmon  C . 

Ring,  Eliliu . 

Robbins,  Henry  H . 

Robbins,  Henry  H . 

Robbins,  Martin . 

Roberts,  Richard . . . . . 

Robinson,  Clark  H . . . 

Robinson,  Eli  C . 

Robinson,  Enoch,  and  William 
Hall. 

Robinson,  Enoch,  and  William 
Hall. 

Robinson,  Francis  and  Hanson. 

Robinson,  Robert . 

Rocher,  Michel . 

Rodgers,  Henry . 

Rodgers,  Charles  B.,  and  Ed¬ 
ward  Arnold,  assignee  of  E. 
M.  Chaffee. 

Rogers,  Isaiah . . . 

Rogers,  Thomas  B . . 

Rolirer,  Jeremiah . 

Root,  James . , 

Ross,  Samuel . . 

Ruggles,  Draper,  J.  Nourse,  and 
J.  C.  Mason,  assignees  of  E. 
G.  Matthews 

Sadler,  M.  C . . 

Samson,  Thomas . . 

Sanderson,  Charles . . 

Sawyer,  Henry  R . . 

Sawyer,  Samuel . 

Schermerhorn,  John  F.,  and 
Rufus  Porter. 

Seay,  Thomas. . . 

Seely,  Oran  W . . 


Shaler,  Reuben 


Inventions  or  discoveries. 

- -  •  ..  . 


Piano-forte,  horizontal . 

Smut  machine,  cleaning  and  winnowing 
gram. 

Springs,  elliptical,  forming  the  sockets  of. 

Splitting  leather . . . 

Press,  tobacco  . . . 

Lamps,  construction  of. . 


Plough,  combined  with  a  cultivator  and 
planter,  for  ploughing,  &c.,  at  one  op¬ 
eration. 

Boiler  or  steamer,  construction  of. . 

Springs  and  levers  to  sustain  the  body  of 
wagons. 

Braid,  pressing,  after  it  has  been  trimmed. 

Braid,  straw,  trimming . 

Balance,  weighing  apparatus . 

Spinning,  self-acting  mules,  billies,  jen¬ 
nies,  &c. 

Stoves,  constructing . 

Ovens,  elevated,  combined  with  cooking 
stoves. 

Latch,  door,  and  other  locks . 

Window  fastenings . 

Tanning,  removing  wool,  &c  ,  from  skins 
of  animals. 

Canals  and  mill-dams,  waste  gates,  open¬ 
ing  and  closing. 

Cabooses  adapted  to  distil  salt  water . 

Cocks,  or  faucets,  Ac . 

Caoutchouc,  manufacturing  balls  of . . 

Bridge,  spiral  brace  cylinder . . . 

Fabrics,  waterproofing . . 

Saw-mill,  sustaining  logs  in . . 

Stoves,  cooking . . . . 

Hair  seating,  figured  damask . 

Ploughs,  manufacture  of . 


Stoves,  cooking . . 

Packing  tobacco,  staves  or  billets  of  cast 
iron  for. 

Iron  ores,  art  of  smelting,  improvement 
in,  and  in  furnaces  applicable  thereto  . 

Fireplaces  and  chimney-stacks  in  buildings . 

Door-spring . 

Seeding,  tilling  and  planting  at  same  ope¬ 
ration,  &c. 

Gold,  separating  from  its  ores,  Ac.,  and 
apparatus  for. 

Boiler,  steam,  and  evaporator,  improve¬ 
ment  on  Marvin  &  Seely’s,  patented 
August  28,  1840. 

Scraping  hides . 


Shaw,  Joshua . 

Sheldon,  Samuel. . . . 
Shepard,  William  A 


Fire-arms,  manner  of  discharging 

Gristmill,  conical . 

Stoves,  cooking . 


Class. 


XVIII. 

1. 

X. 

XVI. 

XII. 

V. 


I. 


V. 

X. 

III. 

III. 

XII. 

III. 

V. 

V. 

II. 

II. 

XVI. 


IX. 


V. 

XI. 

IV. 


IX. 

III. 

XIV. 

V. 

III. 

XIV. 


V. 

XII. 

II. 

V. 

II. 

I. 

II. 

VI. 


Addit’nl 

imp’t. 

XIX. 

XIII. 

V. 


22 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Alphabetical  list  of  expired  patents — Continued. 


No. 


2005 


2082 

2315 

2379 

2275 

2352 

2353 
2128 
2383 


1949 

1941 

1959 

2259 


2230 

2354 

2235 

2176 


2031 

2375 


2075 


Patentees. 


Shepherd,  Thomas.  (See  Wil¬ 
liam  H.  Carr.) 

Shepherd,  Thomas,  and  Thos. 
Loring. 

Sherwood,  John  P . 

Sim,  William . . . . . 

Simonds,  Abel,  and  Albert  G. 
Page. 

Slocum,  Samuel . 

Smith,  Christopher  H . 

Smith,  Francis  P . 

Smith,  Hemon . 

Smith,  John  L . 

Smith,  Joseph  C.  (See  Elias 
Howe.) 

Smith,  Normand . 

Smith,  Thomas  B . . 

Smith,  Thomas  W . 

Snead,  Albert . 

Snider,  Isaac . 

Southworth,  Daniel  H . 

Spaulding,  Joel . 

Spaulding,  Abiram . 

Spaulding,  Samuel  B . 

Spear,  Thomas  J . . 

Spencer,  William . 

Stadon,  Shively . 

Stanbrough,  Ira . 

Staub,  Jacob . 


1950 


Stevens,  R.obert  L.  and  Fran¬ 
cis  B 


Inventions  or  discoveries. 


Models  for  casting  butt-hinges 

o  o 


Class. 


II. 


Latch  of  door-locks . 

Vices,  making  jaws  of . * . 

Scythes,  turning  and  bending  heel  of, 


II. 

II. 

II. 


Pins,  sticking  into  paper,  machine  for.  . . 

Spectacles,  construction  of. . 

Propeller . 

Steam-engine,  rotary . . . . . 

Water-wheels . . . 


II. 

VIII. 

VII. 

VI. 

XI. 


Flues,  chimney,  valves  or  dampers  for. . . . 

Ice,  forming . 

Brick-press . 

Press,  tobacco . . . . . 

Plough,  self-sharpening . 

Smut,  machine  for  cleaning  rice,  &c . 

Cloth,  folding  and  measuring . 

Cooking  ranges  . . . . . . . 

Ovens,  elevated,  combined  with  cooking 
and  other  stoves. 

Ink,  indelible  writing . . . 

Dyeing  yarn  from  beam . . 

Pump,  cattle . 

Water-wheels,  buckets,  openings  for  admit* 
ting  water  on. 

Gudgeon,  or  pivot,  and  step  of  mill’ spin¬ 
dles,  &c. 

Valves  of  steam  engines,  working,  when 
the  steam  is  cut  off,  &c. 


V. 

XXII. 

XV. 

XII. 

Addit’nl 

imp’t. 

Addit’nl 

imp’t. 

III. 

T  T* 

w 

V. 

IV. 
Addit’nl 

imp’t. 

XL 

XI. 


XIII. 

VI. 


2302 

2188 

2371 

2372 
2386 

2333 

2070 

2056 

2190 


2362 

2089 


Stewart,  J.  A . 

Stewart,  Matthew . 

Stewart,  jr.,  Mathew . 

Stewart,  Robert . 

Stiles,  Riverius  C.,  and  J.  S. 

Graves . 

Stillman,  O.  M . 

St.  John,  John  R . 

Strong,  Justin  E . 

Sturdevant,  Lewis  G . 

Swartzengrover,  Henry.  (See 
Samuel  Garber.) 

Sweet,  Leonard  T . 

Sweet,  jr.,  Samuel  .......... 


Steam  engines,  rotary  . . . . . 

Stoves  or  bakers  for  cooking  purposes  . . .  . 
Stoves  or  furnaces,  &c.,  fire  chambers  of. . 
Staves,  sawing  bilged,  for  barrels,  &c . 

Tuyere,  blacksmith’s . 

Loom,  power,  stopping,  when  weft  or 
fillino-  fails. 

C5 

Piston  rods  of  steam  engines,  &c . 

Lightning  conductors,  connecting  rods  of. . 
Gin,  cotton . 


Gunpowder,  corning  or  graining 
Propeller  paddle . 


VI. 

V. 

V. 

XIV. 

II. 

III. 

VI. 

VIII. 

III. 


XIX. 

VII. 


2407 

2021 


2296 

2249 

1944 


Taplin,  John  A . 

Tatham,  Benjamin  and  Henry 
B.,  assignees  of  J.  and  C. 
Hanson. 

Tatham,  George  N.  and  Ben¬ 
jamin  . 

Taylor,  Jesse . 

Tentler,  Aaron  A . 


Horse-power,  portable,  master-wheel  of  . . 
Pipes  and  tubes  from  lead,  &c . 

Pipes  or  tubes  of  lead,  tin,  &c.,  machinery 
for  making. 

Water  wheels . 

Garments,  taking  measure  and  draughting.! 


XIII. 

II. 


II. 

XI. 

XXI. 


No. 

2062 

2149 

2205 

2198 

2186 

2285 

2331 

2283 

2020 

2091 

2187 

2408 

2181 

2164 

2263 

2015 

2320 

2160 

2026 

2022 

2061 

2003 

1932 

2136 

2137 

1988 

2178 

2350 

1924 

2133 

2084 

1969 

2234 

2079 

2151 

2245 

2256 

2255 

2400 

2158 

2152 

1943 

2011 

2157 

2097 

2064 

2346 


COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS. 


23 


Alphabetical  list  of  expired  patents — Continued. 


Patentees. 


Inventions  or  discoveries. 


Class. 


Tew,  Latham  T.  (See  Ed¬ 
ward  T.  Williams.) 

Thayer,  Ansel . 

Thomas,  John . 

Thomas,  R.  S . 

Thompson,  Joel . 

Thurman,  Silas  T . 

Tibbets,  John  G . 

Tillinghast,  J.  B . . . 

Tolies,  Elisha . 


Torbet,  Frances  R . 

Tough,  John  S . . 

Tough. *John  S . 

Townsend,  Ashley . 

Tracy,  Andrew . 

Trumbull,  Karl . 

Turner,  Daniel  B . . 

Tuttle,  Jesse . 

Tyler,  Philos  B.,  executor  of 
R.ufus  Tyler. 

Tyler,  Rufus.  (See  Philos  B. 
Tyler.) 


Boots  and  shoes,  manufacturing,  &c . 

Dock,  floating  dry . 

Seeding,  planting  cotton  seed . 

Bedstead ,  cutting  screws  on  the  rails  of. . . 
Medicine  for  treatment  of  syphilis,  &c... 

Harness,  blinds  for  horse  bridles . 

Silk-worms,  cocoonery  for . . . 

Steam  engine,  locomotive,  distributing 
sand,  &c.,  to  produce  adhesion  of  driv¬ 
ing  wheels. 

Steam  engine,  regulating  pressure  of  steam 

Lamp,  Argand,  constructing . 

Measuring  liquids,  measures  for . 

Threshing,  grain  machines . . . . 

Metal  sheet,  cutting . 

Bridge . 

Kettles,  potash,  mode  of  setting . 

Steam  engine,  rotary . 

Coin,  apparatus  for  counting . 


XVI. 

IX. 

I. 

XVI I. 

IV. 

XVI. 

III. 

VI. 


VI. 

V. 

XI. 

I. 

II. 

IX. 

V. 

VI. 

VIII. 


Van  Alien,  C.  D . 

Van  Hoesen,  Wm.  C 
Van  Loan,  Wm.  W. 

Van  Osdel,  John  M... 
Van  Osdel,  John  M.. 


Pump  valve,  &c . 

Press,  cotton . 

Propeller,  paddle  wheels,  constructing  and 
arranging. 

Lancet,  spring .  . 

Windmill,  horizontal . 


XI. 

XII. 

VII. 


XX. 

XI. 


Walcott,  Truman . 

Wall,  Arthur . 

Walter,  Horatio  N . 

W ard ,  Ezekiel  G . . . . . . 

Ward,  Joseph  H . .  . 

Warner,  Chapman . 

Warren,  Edmund . 

Washburn,  Albert . 

Waterman,  George . 

Waterman,  Plenry . 

Webb,  Aug.  V.  II . 

Webb,  Constant . 

AVeeks,  John  M . . . . . 

Wells,  Henry  A. . . 

Wells,  Henry  A . . 

Wells,  Henry  A . 

Wells,  Thomas  J . 

Wells,  Thomas  J . 

Wells,  Thomas  J . 

Welsh,  Samuel,  and  Thos.  Lin- 
acree. 

Wernmer,  Nelson  .T . 

Wenman,  Uzziah.  (See  F. 
Ptansom.) 

Wheeler,  Alonzo  and  Wm.  C.. 

Wheeler,  Wm  M . 

Whipple,  Squire . 

White,  Lloyd . 


Shingles,  cutting . 

Compounds  for  coating 'metallic  surfaces 
to  prevent  oxydation. 

Washing  machine . 

Grist  mill . 

Potash,  leaching  ashes  in  manufacture  of. . 

Pufnp . 

Horse  power . 

Gin  cotton,  grates  of  saw . 

Washing  machine . 

Steam  engine  and  locomotive  for  railroad. 
Distilling,  apparatus  for  separating  alcohol 
from  whiskey. 

Beehives . 

Beehives . : . 

Felt  cloths  and  hat  bodies,  shrinking . 

Felt  cloths,  hardening . . 

Felt  cloths,  & c.,  fulling,  milling,  or  plank¬ 
ing. 

Constructing  steamboats  and  propelling 
spirally. 

Dovetails  and  tenons,  cutting . 

Horse  power . . . 

Fire  escape,  &c . 

Saws,  apparatus  for  filing . 

Horse  power,  endless  chain . 

Pump . 

Bridge,  truss,  iron . 

Shingles,  cutting . . . 


XIV. 

IV. 

XVII. 

XIII. 

IV. 

XI. 

XIII. 

ID. 

XVII. 

VI. 

IV. 


I. 

I, 

III. 

III. 

III. 

VII. 

XIV. 

XIII. 

XXII. 


II. 


XIII. 
XL 
IX. 

XIV. 


24 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Alphabetical  list  of  expired  patents — Continued. 


No. 

Patentees. 

2412 

White,  Thomas . 

2108 

Whitehead,  Jesse . 

Whitehead,  Jesse.... . 

2085 

Whiteley,  William  H . 

1931 

Whitford,  John  A. . . . 

1946 

Whitford,  John  A . 

2242 

Whitham,  William . 

2163 

Whitlock,  George . •. 

2037 

Whittlesey,  Isaac  N . 

2241 

Wibert,  James  S.  and  William  . 

2338 

Wightm  m,  Joseph  M . 

1929 

Wilder,  John . 

Wilkins,  Levi.  (See  Daniel  B. 
Newhall.) 

2043 

Wilkes,  Samuel . 

2224 

Willemin,  Eli. . 

2140 

Williams,  Edward  T.,  and  La¬ 
tham  T.  Tew. 

2363 

Williams,  Erastus,  and  Daniel 
L.  Huntingdon. 

1952 

Willis,  Charles . 

2123 

Wilson,  George  W . 

2192 

Wilson,  Increase . 

2271 

Wilson,  Joseph  B.,  and  Alfred 
B.  Crossman. 

2402 

Winans,  Norman  T.,  and  The¬ 
odore  and  Thaddeus  Hyatt. 

2403 

Winans,  Norman  T.,and  The¬ 
odore  and  Thaddeus  Hyatt. 

1985 

Windship,  Charles  M . . . 

Wistar,  assignee  of  S.  Costill. 
(See  Collins.) 

2169 

Wolpers,  Charles  O . 

2214 

Wood,  Loftis . 

Woodruff,  Enos.  (See  Elisha 
D.  Payne.) 

2257 

Woodward,  Moses  S . . 

2189 

Worman,  Andrew  D . 

2093 

Wright,  Mercy . 

2382 

Wyeth,  Nathaniel  J . 

2381 

Wyeth,  Nathaniel  J . 

2380 

Wyeth,  Nathaniel  J . 

2196 

Yale,  Linias . 

2139 

Young,  James  H.,  and  Adrien 
Delcambre. 

2107 

Zimmerman,  William . 

Inventions  or  discoveries. 


Silk,  finishing’,  machinery  for . 

Spinning,  counter  twist  speeder  for  cotton 
roping. 

Speeder  for  cotton  roping,  counter  twist  . . 

Furnaces,  hot  air,  and  fire  grates  for  heat¬ 
ing  apartments. 

Car,  railroad,  &c . 

Corn  sheller . . . 

Steam  engine . 

Cultivator,  revolving . 

Steam  engine,  rotary . 

Hats  of  leather,  manufacturing . 

Pump,  air, . 

Valves  of  steam  engines,  operating . 

Hinges,  casting,  on  to  their  axis . 

Balance,  steelyards . . 

Lamps,  burning  lard,  &c . 

Loom  temples,  opening  and  closing  the 
jaw. 

Corn  sheller . . 

Lock,  door,  and  latches . 

Mill  cylinder  for  granulating  corn,  pow¬ 
der,  bark,  &c. 

Brick  and  tile  press  . . 

Composition  of  matter  for  manufacture  of 
friction  matches. 

Composition  of  matter  for  manufacture  of 
friction  matches. 

Lacteal  or  artificial  breast . . . . 


Fermentation,  vinous,  process  of  conduct¬ 
ing. 

Stoves<$  cooking,  or  cabooses . . . . 


Lamps,  burning  tallow, . . . . . . 

Flour,  manufacturing,  mixing  middlings 
with  the  chops. 

Clay,  moulding  and  pressing,  to  be  applied 
to  construction  of  fences. 

Car,  railroad,  discharging  blocks  of  ice 
therefrom  on  to  platforms. 

Car,  railroad  machinery  for  elevating  and 
depositing  ice  in. 

Raising  blocks  of  ice,  machinery  for. .... 

Saw  mill  doo-s . . . 

o 

Type  setting,  machine  for . 

Wind  mill . 


Class. 


III. 

III. 

Addithil 

imp’t. 

V. 


X. 

I. 

VI. 

I. 

VI. 

XVI. 

XI. 

VI. 


II. 

XII. 

V. 


III. 

I. 

II. 

XIII. 


XV. 


IV. 


IV. 


XX. 

IV. 


V. 

V. 

XIII. 

XV. 

X. 

X. 

XII. 

XIV. 
XVIII. 

XI. 


No. 

178 

192 

206 

175 

189 

196 

163 

171 

182 

197 

172 

201 

184 

190 

173 

166 

167 

168 

203 

169 

177 

165 

195 

191 

207 

202 

198 

200 

180 

181 

193 

194 

188 

185 

205 

204 

164 

170 

208 

176 

179 

183 

199 

174 

186 

187 


COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS. 


25 


ABETICAL  LIST  OF  PERSONS  WPIOSE  PATENTS  FOR  DESIGNS  HAVE 
EXPIRED  DURING  THE  YEAR  1855. 


Patentees. 


Designs. 


Ab'endroth,  William., . 

Allen,  F.  W . . . 

Baker,  Isaac  F.,  assignor  to  Cornelius  &  Co . 

Burges^,  John,  assignor  to  Gilbert  Geer  . . 

Conklin,  James  H . . . 

Conklin,  James  H.,  assignor  to  Whitney  and  Mon- 

tanya . 

Cresson,  Wm.  P.,  S.  H.  Sailor,  J.  Reesley,  and  D. 
Stuart  Sailor ;  Beesley  and  Stuart  assignors  to 

Cresson . . . 

Cresson,  Wm.  P.,  D.  Stuart,  and  J.  Beesley;  Stu¬ 
art  and  Beesley  assignors  to  Cresson . . . 

Davy,  John  T . 

Fairbanks,  Thaddeus . 

Garbeille,  Philip . . 

Gibbs,  S.  W.,  assignor  to  William  Jackson . 

Gibney,  Michael . 

Green,  Jeremiah  D . 

Hickock,  William . 

Lamb,  J.  G.,  and  Charles  Zoiner . : . 

Lawson,  Peter . 

Lawson,  Peter . 

Lawson,  Peter,  assignor  to  Lowell  Manufacturing 

Company . 

Morrison,  Alexander . 

Penniman,  E.  P.,  assignor  to  W.  H.  Cheney . 

Potts,  Jesse  C . 

Pratt,  Miles . 

Ransom,  Samuel  H . 

Rathbone,  John  F . 

Rathbun,  George  W . 

Richmond,  Apollos,  assignor  to  A.  C.  Barstow  & 

Company . . . 

Ring,  G.  W.,  &  J.  Crandall,  assignor  to  A.  Cox  & 

Company . 

Ripley,  Ezra,  assignor  to  A.  Cox  &  Co. . . . . 

Ripley,  Ezra,  assignor  to  A.  Cox  &  Co . 

Ripley,  Ezra,  assignor  to  Johnson  &  Cox . 

Ripley,  Ezra,  assignor  to  Johnson  &  Cox . 

Sanderson,  W.  L.,  assignor  to  Anthony  Dany  &Co. 
Savery,  William,  J.  H.  Conklin,  H.  V.  Losea,  G. 
P.  Bowens,  and  J.  Pratt;  Conklin  &  Losea,  as¬ 
signors  to  Savery,  Bowens,  and  Pratt . 

Savery,  William,  and  J.  H.  Conklin;  Conklin,  as¬ 
signor  to  Savery . . 

Savery,  William,  and  J.  H.  Conklin  ;  Conklin,  as¬ 
signor  to  Savery . . . 

Smith,  Elihu . 

Van  Ness,  P.,  and  A.  Wood . 

Vose,  Samuel  D . 

Wager,  James . 

Warnick,  Charles  W . 

Warnick,  Charles  W . 

Warnick,  Charles  W . 

Wood,  George  W . 

Wood,  Robert,  and  William  Hamilton  ;  Hamilton, 

assignor  to  Wood . 

Wood,  Robert,  and  William  Hamilton  ;  Plamilton, 
assignor  to  Wood . 


Stoves,  cooking. 
Stoves. 

Furniture,  ornaments. 
Stoves. 

Stoves. 

Stoves. 


Stoves. 

Stoves. 

Stoves,  cooking. 

Balances,  pedestal  for. 

Bust  of  General  Z.  Taylor 
Stoves,  cooking. 

Spoons  and  forks. 

Stoves. 

Stoves. 

Stoves,  coal,  and  air-tight 
Carpets. 

Carpets. 

Carpets. 

Stoves. 

Stoves. 

Stoves,  cooking. 

Stoves. 

Stoves. 

Stoves. 

Stoves. 

Stoves. 

Stoves. 

Stove  plates. 

Stove  plates. 

Stoves. 

Stove  plates. 

Stoves. 


Stoves. 

Stove  plates. 

Stoves. 

Stoves. 

Forks,  knives,  and  spoons. 
Stoves,  parlor. 

Stoves. 

Furnaces,  portable. 

Stoves. 

Stoves. 

Stoves,  plates  for  cooking. 
Tables,  pier  or  center. 
Brackets,  ornamental. 


26 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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Stoves,  cooking . . .  Nelson  W.  Fisk,  assignee  of  Almond  D.  j  New  York,  N.  Y  Nov.  10,1841. 

Fisk. 

Stoves,  cooking .  Sami.  L.  Chase . . .  Woodstock,  Vt . . .  Aug.  11,  1841. 

Stoves,  cooking .  William.  A.  Shepherd . •- .  Waterville,  Me . . .  Aug.  11,  1841. 

Stoves,  cooking  and  heating .  Alexander  F.  Bean . - .  Woodstock,  Yt . . .  July  8,1841. 

Stoves,  cooking,  or  cabooses .  Loftis  Wood . . .  New  York,  N.  Y  .  Aug.  11,  1841. 


Classified  list  oj  patents  issued — Continued. 


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Valve  of  steam-engines,  throttle.. . .  William  Garlic. . * . .  Providence,  R.  I. ......  *...  Oct.  1J,  184L 

Valves  of  steam-engines,  operating  .... - -  John  Wilder . . . . . .  New  Yorck,  N.  Y . _  Jan.  9,1841. 

Valves  ot  steam-engines,  working  when  the  Robert  L.  and  Francis  B.  Stevens  *  ....  New  York,  N^  Yu. .a  j...  _  Jan.  25}  1841.7 

steam  is  cut  off,  &c. 


36 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


Propeller,  wheel  for  propelling  steamships,  Jno.  Hobday  and  Wm.  J.  Cocke . .  Portsmouth,  Va.. .......... Mar  29  1841 

and  wind  or  water-wheel  for  mills. 

Steering  brace  for  boats .  Howard  Nichols . .  . . New  Bedford,  Mass . .  Sept.  18,  1841 

Steering  steamboats,  apparatus  for .  Russell  Evarts .  Madison,  Conn .  Jan  5  1841 


COMMISSIONER  OF  PATENTS 


37 


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54  ANNUAL  REPORT  OP  THE 


14,  1855 


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XIV. 

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I. 

IX. 

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12330  Skelley,  John . 

Skinner  &  Brothers,  assignees.  (See  Gibbs,  SamT  I 
W.,  assignor.) 


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114 


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Class  VI. — Steam  and  gas  engines,  including  boilers  and  furnaces  thcrejor ,  and  yarls  thereof. 


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Classified  List  of  Patents  issued — -Continued. 


160 


ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE 


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DESCRIPTIONS  AND  CLAIMS  OF  PATENTS, 

ISSUED  IN  THE  YEAR  1  85  5. 

ILLUSTRATED  WITH  ENGRAVINGS. 


I.— AGRICULTURE. 


No.  13,672.- — Jos.  Welton. — Leading  Clasp  for  Cattle. — Patented 

October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  1.) 

The  two  balls  A  A  are  to  enter  the  nostril  of  the  animal,  and  are 
held  shut  by  the  slide  B  and  spring  C.  A  rope  can  be  attached  to 
ring  D. 

The  inventor  says,  I  do  not  claim  the  method  ol  leading  cattle,  but 
I  claim  the  combination  of  the  spring  and  slide  with  the  clasp,  as  set 
forth. 


No.  12,127. — Ezekiel  Gore. —  Improvement  in  Churns. — Patented  Jan¬ 
uary  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  1.) 

The  sides  of  the  churn  are  perforated,  and  through  the  holes  pins  D 
are  introduced,  flattened  at  their  inner  extremities,  which  may  be 
turned  by  the  hand  from  the  exterior  of  the  churn,  so  as  to  piesent  a 
greater  or  less  surface  ol  resistance  to  the  cream  when  put  in  motion 
by  the  dasher. 

Claim. — I  claim  making  the  pins  D  with  their  inner  ends  flat,  and  so 
arranging  them  that  they  may  be  turned  to  the  right  or  left  as  desired, 
and  thus  made  to  present  a  large  or  small  resisting  surface  to  the  agi¬ 
tated  cream,  and  facilitate  or  retard  the  production  of  butter,  substan¬ 
tially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,366. — Isaiah  M.  Williams. — Improvement  in  Butter-Workers. 

Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  1.) 

In  working  the  stick  f  round,  the  buttermilk  or  water  will  sink  to  the 
bottom  and  escape  at  d,  while  the  butter  is  pushed  from  the  hole  d  by 
the  action  of  the  stick  upon  the  bottom  ot  the  bowl  a.  Thus,  as  the 
inventor  states,  butter  can  be  obtained  with  this  machine  perfectly  clear 
of  water  or  buttermilk. 


220 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


Claim. — A  hollow  cone  in  combination  with  a  conical  roller  work  ng 
on  its  apex,  constructed  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  [substan- 
tially  as  described. 

No.  12,370. — Hazen  Webster. — Improvement  in  Churns. — Patented 
February  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  1.) 

B  is  the  spiral  agitator,  with  the  sides  terminating  at  a  point  near 
the  centre  of  the  disk  A,  to  which  it  is  attached,  and  with  a  curve 
diverging  towards  the  circumference  of  the  disk.  The  air  passes  down 
through  opening  a,  as  the  revolution  of  the  agitator  throws  the  cream 
towards  the  circumference  of  the  tub,  and  thus  produces  a  central  pas- 
sage  for  the  air  down  to  hole  a  and  up  through  hole  b.  * 

The  inventor  says,  I  do  not  claim  the  device  of  a  disk  rotating  at  the 
bottom  of  the  churn  tub  upon  a  vertical  axis,  nor  do  I  claim  the  use  of 
a  tubular  stem  upon  such  a  disk  for  admitting  air  beneath  it,  as  these 
have  been  used  before  with  the  churn  of  S.  P.  Francisco,  patented  June 
19,  1849;  nor  do  1  claim  mounting  an  agitator  upon  such  disk,  as  the 
same  was  proposed  by  said  Francisco. 

But  I  clam ,  in  combination  with  such  rotating  disk,  that  form  of  the 
agitator  which  occupies  the  central  portions  of  the  disk,  and  sweeps 
towards  the  circumference  in  a.  spiral  shape  with  rounded  angles,  and 
is  surmounted  towards  the  circumference  with  one  or  more  vertical 
breakers ;  and  this  I  claim,  whether  used  with  or  without  the  air  pas¬ 
sages  herein  described 


No.  12,377. — Edwin  B.  Clement. — Improvement  in  Churns. — Patented 

February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  1.) 

The  dasher  consists  of  slats  G,  L,  I,  which  are  connected  to  bars  E, 
which  bars  E  are  pivoted  in  C  to  arms  B.  Two  of  these  arms  B  are 
pivoted  (in  K)  to  the  frame  of  the  churn,  whereas  the  crank-axle  passes 
through  the  square  holes  J  in  the  other  two  arms  B.  A  reciprocating 
motion  of  the  crank  O  around  its  bearings  in  the  churn  frame  will  alter¬ 
nately  compress  the  dasher  into  a  diamond  shape,  and  again  extend  it  to 
the  square  shape  represented  in  figure  2.  Thus  the  cream  will  alter¬ 
nately  be  forced  through  the  slats  of  the  dasher  by  means  of  the  suc¬ 
cessive  folding  together  of  the  latter. 

I  claim  the  folding  dasher,  operating  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,133. — Isaac  M.  Wade. — Improvement  in  Churns. — Patented 

June  26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  1.) 

The  cream  by  the  rotation  of  the  wings  e  is  forced  upward  between 
the  slats  f  and  thrown  against  the  brakes  A1,  which  direct  it  to  the 
aperture  g  in  the  disk  H.  The  slats  J  in  conjunction  with  the  brakes 
A1  prevent  the  cream  from  rotating.  The  cream,  being  forced  upward 
between  the  slats,  passes  down  through  g  with  increased  speed,  owing 
to  its  gravity  and  suction  caused  by  the  aperture  g  being  smaller  than 
the  spaces  between  the  slats  f  and  the  edge  of  disk  H. 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


221 


Claim. . — The  construction  and  arrangement  of  the  wings  or  beaters 
e,  attached  to  the  lower  end  of  the  shaft  D,  slats  f  attached  to  the  in¬ 
ner  side  of  the  case  or  tub  A,  and  the  brakes  A1  attached  to  the  disk 
H,  as  shown  and  for  the  purpose  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,281. — Moses  D.  Wells — Improvement  in  Churns. — Patented 

July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  1.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engraving. 

Claim. — The  construction  of  the  dasher  with  an  inclined  continuous 
channel  e,  substantially  as  set  forth,  for  producing  the  upward  flow  of 
a  continuous  hollow  column  of  cream  at  each  down  stroke  of  the 
dasher,  and  thus  favoring  atmospheric  action,  as  specified. 


No.  13,421. — Jacob  Boyers. — Improvement  in  Churns. — Patented  Au¬ 
gust  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  1.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  consists  in  giving  such  a  direction 
to  the  cream  in  the  tub  by  the  action  of  the  agLtator,  that  it  shall  as¬ 
sume  the  character  of  a  screw,  whereby  (the  inventor  states)  the  but¬ 
ter  is  separated  in  a  more  solid  condition,  and  gathered  in  a  mass  at 
one  side  of  the  churn.  By  placing  the  shaft  obliquely,  a  vortex  or 
whirlpool  is  created  at  A,  while  at  the  other  side  of  the  tub,  at  B,  the 
butter  is  comparatively  quiet  and  suffered  to  gather  in  lumps. 

Claim. — The  shaft  £,  in  combination  with  the  dashers  DD,  when 
arranged  and  combined  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  substantially 
as  set  forth. 

i 

No.  13,638. — John  G.  Dungan.— Improvement  in  Churns . — Patented 

October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  1.) 

The  pinion  p  is  attached  to  the  hub  of  the  inner  leaves  h,  and  is 
revolved  alternately  in  opposite  directions  by  means  of  cog-gearing 
F  F1.  The  head  n  of  pinion  p  contains  a  spiral  groove,  which  serves 
to  work  the  arm  i  up  and  down,  thereby  elevating  and  depressing  the 
rod  d  and  spring-rods  f.  During  the  downward  movement  of  the  rod  d 
and  rods  /',  the  outer  leaves  g  will  be  turned  on  their  fulcra  m  into  the 
position  represented  in  dotted  lines. 

Claim. . — Giving  the  outer  leaves  of  an  alternately  opposite  rotating 
agitator  a  rocking  motion  to  and  from  the  sides  of  the  churn,  substan-  ■ 
tially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,686. — Lewis  P.  Pease. — Improvement  in  Churns. — Patented 
October  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  1.) 

The  curved  surfaces  e  gather  the  cream,  and  by  the  reaction  of  the 
liquid  against  their  surfaces  are  forced  to  revoive  around  their  axles  cf 
in  addition  to  their  primary  rotation  in  a  horizontal  plane  around  the 


222 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


shaft  b.  This  rotation  of  each  wing  around  its  respective  axle  results 
in  a  constant  breaking  up  of  the  principal  vortex  by  the  counter  cur¬ 
rents  thus  generated  by  the  wings,  and  hence  results  a  violent  agitation 
of  the  cream. 

Claim . — The  winged  dasher,  formed  by  two  series  of  curved  paddles 
as  described,  rotating  around  axles,  projecting  outward  and  slightly 
upward  from  a  vertical  shaft,  the  said  paddles  of  each  series  forming 
a  conic  frustrum,  revolving  with  its  lower  edge  parallel  to  the  tub 
bottom. 


No.  12,314. — Jonathan  Hibbs. — Improvement  in  Clover  Hullers. — Pa¬ 
tented  January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  2.) 

Just  over  the  cylinder  A  there  is  a  semicircular  metal  jacket  E, 
which  is  cut  open  in  the  middle  so  as  to  leave  a  triangular  hole  as 
shown  in  fig.  2.  Two  sides  of  this  hole  have  a  flange  a  projecting 
below  and  extending  down  to  the  surface  of  the  cylinder  and  following 
its  curve,  leaving  just  room  for  the  teeth  to  clear.  This  flange  divides 
as  it  were  the  top  space  over  the  cylinder  into  three  parts,  the  centre 
part  or  opening  being  the  place  where  the  clover-heads  are  fed  in.  As 
the  chad'  strikes  the  point  where  the  two  sides  of  the  triangle  meet,  it 
is  spread  over  towards  the  ends  of  the  cylinder,  which  carries  it  round 
and  passes  it  between  the  concave  near  its  ends,  when  it  is  allowed  to 
be  discharged,  while  fresh  material  is  being  fed  in  at  the  centre. 

Claim. — Combining  with  the  concave  shell  two  flanges  diverging 
from  a  central  point,  and  so  acting  as  to  divide  the  chaff  from  the  fresh 
fed  straw  during  the  time  that  the  former  is  passing  a  second  time 
round  the  cylinder,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,372. — James  Allen. — Improvement  in  Clover  Hullers. — Patented 

February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  2.) 

The  screen  I  is  somewhat  inclined,  and  the  chaff  and  hulls  passover 
the  depressed  end  of  it  and  fall  upon  the  floor.  The  seed  passes 
through  screen  I,  and  foils  upon  the  lower  screen  J,  and  through  it  upon 
the  inclined  bottom  K,  and  passes  down  the  bottom  K  into  blast  pas¬ 
sage  G.  The  tailings  pass  off  the  depressed  end  of  screen  J,  and  enter 
underneath  K  and  upon  screen  L.  Any  seed  that  may  pass  into  this 
space  with  the  tailings  falls  through  screen  L,  and  passes  through  aper¬ 
ture  M  and  into  passage  G.  The  tailings  pass  out  of  aperture  C  at  the 
side  of  the  shoe  above  screen  L,  screen  L  not  allowing  the  tailing  to 
pass  through  it.  The  tail-boards,  by  being  properly  adjusted,  accord¬ 
ing  to  the  strength  of  the  blast,  prevent  the  seed  from  being  blown  out 
of  the  shoe  with  the  chaff. 

The  inventor  says,  I  do  not  claim  adjustable  tail-boards  in  separators, 
nor  inclined  guide-boards  for  receiving  and  conducting  the  seeds  to  their 
receptacle;  nor  do  I  claim  a  tailing-screen,  except  under  an  arrange¬ 
ment  like  that  set  forth. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  two  tail-boards  d  d,  in  combination 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


228 


with  the  tailing  screen  L,  so  arranged  under  the  inclined  board  K,  that 
it  shall  be  out  of  the  way  of  the  blast,  and  yet  deliver  the  seed  at  M 
into  the  main  receptacle,  and  the  tailings  out  at  its  side  through  the 
aperture  61,  it  being  understood  that  the  outer  and  inner  tail-boards  must 
be  adjusted,  respectively,  with  reference  to  the  screens  I  and  J,  all  as 
set  forth. 


No.  12,462. — Martin  H.  Mansfield.- — Improvement  in  Hulling  and 

Cleaning  Clover  Seed. — Patented  February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  2.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  consists  in  employing  a  considerably 
greater  length  of  screen  than  has  heretofore  been  used  in  such  machines, 
and  in  receiving  the  seeds  which  fall  from  said  screen  upon  an  endless 
apron,  which  convey s  the  seeds  to  a  receptacle  Jc ,  placed  in  front  of  and 
near  the  winnowing  fan  d. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  and  combined  operation  of  the  screen  e, 
the  endless  conveyor/,  and  the  fan  d,  in  such  a  manner  as  to  enable  a 
strong  blast  to  be  employed  without  wasting  the  seeds,  substantially  as 
set  forth. 


No.  12,454. — Jeremiah  P.  Smith. — Improvement  in  Corn  Skellers. — 

Patented  February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  2.) 

The  ribs  l  and  n  are  intended  to  shell  the  corn  when  operated  upon 
by  the  cylinder  a.  The  slides  o  o  are  intended  for  the  shelling  bar  t 
to  slide  on  backwards  and  forwards.  The  open  spaces  g  between  the 
ribs  allow  the  shelled  corn  to  drop  through  without  breaking  the  grains. 
The  guide-frames  r  r  are  in  separate  pieces,  screwed  on  the  guide- 
beam  p,  so  that  they  can  be  adjusted  backwards  or  forwards  to  suit 
the  nature  of  the  corn.  The  shelling-bar  t  (which  is  also  toothed) 
presses  the  ears  of  corn  against  the  cylinder  (by  means  of  spring  u). 
The  feeder-plate  v  derives  a  vibrating  motion  from  the  zigzag  curve  in 
pulley  z,  and  has  teeth  on  both  sides  to  work  in  the  corn  by  its  continual 
vibration 

The  inventor  says,  I  am  aware  that  an  adjustable  flat  toothed  bar 
has  been  used  opposite  to  a  toothed  cylinder  in  corn  shellers;  I  am  also 
aware  that  the  ribbed  shelling  bar  has  been  used;  therefore,  I  do  not 
claim  any  of  the  above-mentioned  parts. 

But  I  claim ,  first,  the  breast-beamy,  having  fluted  concave  ribs  l  /, 
cross  ribs  n  n,  with  openings  or  spaces  g  g,  and  slides  o  o. 

Second,  I  claim  the  guide-frames  r  r  in  separate  pieces,  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  described. 

Third,  I  claim  the  vibrating  feeder  having  teeth  thereon,  in  combina¬ 
tion  with  the  pulley  z,  having  a  zigzag  groove  e,  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed. 


224 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


No.  13,122. — Abram  Clow  and  Chas.  N.  Clow. — Improvement  in  Com 

Shelters. — Patented  June  26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  2.) 

The  cobs  fall,  after  having  the  corn  shelled  from  them,  to  the  bottom 
of  tube  H  at  the  point  f,  and  are  carried  around  by  the  revolutions  of 
shaft  E  to  the  point  g  ;  and  as  the  space  is  narrower  at  that  point  than 
at  the  point  f  the  screw  d  will  enter  the  cobs  and  force  them  upward 
to  the  opening  e,  through  which  they  fall  upon  the  floor. 

The  inventor  says,  We  do  not  claim  separately  either  of  the  parts 
described  for  shelling  the  corn  from  the  cobs,  for  shelling-wheels  simi¬ 
larly  constructed  have  been  previously  invented. 

But  we  claim  the  tube  H  in  combination  with  the  screw  d,  on  the 
shaft  E,  arranged  as  shown,  for  discharging  the  cobs  separately  from 
the  shelled  corn. 


No.  13,182. — John  J.  Rollow. —  Improvement  in  Machine  for  Shucking 

and  Shelling  Corn . — Patented  July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  2.) 

The  concave  d  is  hinged  at  e,  and  is  pressed  upward  towards  the 
cylinder  C  by  springs /.  The  corn  in  the  shuck  is  fed  into  the  hopper 
F,  and  on  passing  down  the  thicker  end  of  the  ear  is  caught  by  the 
nibs  on  the  cylinder,  and  brought  in  contact  with  the  diagonal  rib  on 
the  concave,  which  inclines  it  sideways,  always  in  the  same  direction, 
when  they  split  the  shuck  from  end  to  end  on  two  opposite  sides,  and 
the  two  diagonal  projections,  in  crossing  each  other,  turn  the  husk 
one  half  each  way  entirely  back  over  the  stalk,  when  the  corn  is  ex¬ 
posed  to  the  action  of  the  diagonal  ribs  and  nibs  on  the  concave  and 
cylinder,  which  pick  it  off  the  cob,  the  corn  passing  through  the  per¬ 
forated  concave  whilst  the  cob  is  discharged  on  to  the  chute  D. 

Claim. — The  diagonal  ribbed  perforated  concave  when  hinged  at 
the  upper  end,  and  supported  on  springs  at  the  lower  end,  in  combina¬ 
tion  with  the  diagonal  ribbed  cylinder,  substantially  as  and  for  the 
purpose  specified. 


No.  13,634. — Chas.  Bishop. — Improvement  in  Corn  Shelters. — Patented 

October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  2.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engraving. 

The  inventor  says,  I  do  not  claim  separately  the  toothed  or  corru¬ 
gated  wheel  C,  lor  that  has  been  previously  used. 

But  I  claim ,  in  combination  with  a  shelling  disk  or  wheel,  such  as 
described,  the  series  of  ear  boxes  radially  arranged  around  it;  said 
boxes  being  composed  of  elastic  backs  and  unyielding  partitions  as 
described. 


No.  13,640. — Stephen  Elliott. — Improvement  in  Corn  Shelters. — Pa¬ 
tented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  3.) 

hh  are  springs  which  support  the  screws  B  and  press  them  together, 
so  as  to  suit  the  different  sizes  of  the  ears  of  corn.  The  screws  and 


i 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


225 


spring  clamps  D  D  are  geared  together  by  wheels  F  and  C.  The 
corn  is  received  in  the  centre  of  the  screws  B,  which,  in  their  revolu¬ 
tions,  carry  it  down  into  the  jaws  of  the  sheller,  or  spring  clamps  D, 
which  receive  it  at  the  centre  of  motion  ;  and,  as  they  revolve,  the  corn 
is  shelled  from  the  cob. 

Figure  1  represents  a  side  elevation ;  and 

Figure  2,  a  top  view  of  the  machine. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  screws  B  w  ith  the  clamping  jaws  D, 
arranged  and  operating  in  the  manner  set  forth. 


No.  13,922. — Jeremiah  P.  Smith. — Improvement  in  C orn- Sheller s. 

Patented  December  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  3.) 

The  projections  d  and  c  (not  exactly  at  right  angles  to  each  other) 
serve  to  facilitate  the  separation  of  the  corn  from  the  cobs,  and  to  give 
a  slight  turning  motion  to  the  ears  of  corn  while  passing  down  through 
the  machine.  Figure  2  represents  a  plan,  and  figure  1  a  vertical  sec¬ 
tion  of  the  machine. 

Claim. — The  construction  of  the  fru strums  D  and  C,  with  their  wind¬ 
ing  wings  d  d  upon  both,  and  cross  projections  c  c  upon  one,  substan¬ 
tially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth.  > 


No.  13,912.  James  Jones  Johnston. — Improvement  in  Corn- S heller  's. — 
Patented  December  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  3.) 

This  invention  consists  in  running  a  series  of  secondary  pickers 
around  the  cob,  as  the  cob  is  projected  by  the  mam  cylinder  through 
the  discharging  aperture  of  the  ordinary  corn-sheller,  and  thereby 
securing  the  stripping  from  the  cob  of  every  grain  of  corn. 

The  gear  wheel  j  projects  through  opening  lc,  and  drives  pinion  m 
m  the  circular  casing  u,  which  covers  an  opening  in  the  case  a.  The 
wheel  m  is  fastened  to  ring  n>  and  both  (m  and  n)  to  a  disc  o,  wdth  a 
central  opening  of  the. size  of  the  opening  in  case  a  ;  the  two  rings  q  r 
are  also  fastened  to  disc  o  ’  and  through  slots  at  three  equal  distances 
apart  play  the  secondary  pickers  /,  pressed  inwards  by  springs  s. 
These  pickersy~are  prevented  from  projecting  too  far  or  from  dropping 

out  by  shoulder  t.  The  shelled  corn  passes  out  at  h ,  and  the  cobs  pass 
through  the  opening  w . 

Claim.  The.  secondary  cleaners  or  pickers  f  revolved  around  the 
cob,  as  the  cob  is  projected  by  the  main  cylinder  c  through  the  opening 

in  the  case  a  of  the  machine,  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the 
purpose  described. 


No.  13,997.  James  Robb. —  Improvement  in  Corn- Sheller s. — Patented 
December  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  3.) 

The  corn,  being  received  at  one  end  of  the  cylinder  B,  is  shelled  be¬ 
tween  the  cylinder  and  concave  F;  the  cobs,  as  they  cannot  pass  the 
arrester  h,  will  finally  be  wmrked  out  (by  the  spiral  action  of  the  teeth) 


226 


I— AGRICULTURE. 


at  the  discharge  opening  E  at  the  other  end  of  the  cylinder ;  the  cob 
arrester  is  perforated,  so  as  to  let  the  blast  (see  arrows)  freely  pass. 
As  soon  as  a  few  shovelfuls  of  ears  are  thrown  in,  the  cobs  and  corn 
partially  fill  the  space  between  the  cylinder  and  concave,  and  thus 
prevent  the  blast  (created  by  the  revolutions  of  the  cylinder)  from 
following  the  cylinder,  and  direct  it  over  the  edge  b  of  the  concave. 
The  blast  is  conducted  by  the  casing  G,  immediately  under  the  riddle 

H. 

Claim.— The  hood  or  casing  G,  in  combination  with  the  concave  F, 
fender-board  or  cob-arrester  h ,  and  cylinder  B,  for  the  purpose  of  di¬ 
recting  a  blast,  and  separating  or  cleaning  the  corn  and  cob,  substan- 
tialty  as  described. 


No.  13,436. — Richard  Ray. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  gathering 

Cotton  Stalks. — Patented  August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  3.) 

The  teeth  of  the  revolving  puller  E  lay  hold  of  the  stalk  of  the 
cotton  near  the  earth,  and  the  stalk  having  been  previously  bent  back¬ 
wards  and  directed  over  E,  by  the  revolving  endless  band  K,the  ♦  shy 
nature  of  the  cotton  plant  assists  in  bringing  it  into  a  proper  position 
for  the  teeth  of  E  to  draw  the  plant  up  by  the  roots  ;  on  the  further 
revolution  of  E,  the  stalks  are  forced  off  the  teeth  by  means  of  a 
sliding  plate  F,  which  forms  a  shield  to  the  teeth  of  one  side  of  E, 
when  the  edge  of  F  is  brought  in  contact  with  the  guide  Z,  and  being 
liberated  drops  on  the  ground,  to  be  afterwards  gathered  in  bunches 
by  rake  G. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  apron  K,  plate  E,  and  rake  G,  all 
operated  in  the  manner  described,  for  the  purposes  of  pulling  up  and 
gathering  stalks  of  cotton,  as  described. 


No.  13,505.-— S.  Bowerman. —  Improvement  in  Machine  for  cutting  stand¬ 
ing  Cotton  Stalks.— -Patented  August  28,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  3.) 

As  the  machine  is  drawn  along,  the  wheel  J  rotates,  and  the  cogs 
taking  into  rackK,  raise  the  block  F;  and  when  tne  cogs  pass  out  from 
the  rack,  the  springs  1  force  down  the  block,  and  the  knife  G  (attached 
to  the  block)  cuts  the  cotton  stalk,  which  was  previously  bent  over  by 
the  frame.  (See  engraving.) 

I  claim  the  combination  of  the  block  F,  knife  G,  rods  HH,  springs 
II,  rack  K,  and  cog-wheel  J,  when  arranged  for  the  purpose  specified 
and  shown. 


No.  13,538. — J.  W.  Brocage. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  cutting 
standing  Cotton  Stalks. — Patented  September  11, 1855.  (Plates,  p.  3.) 

As  the  machine  is  drawn  along,  the  stalks  are  caught  by  the  frame 
L,  and  forced  or  bent  into  the  angles  of  bars  e,  and  are  cut  by  the  rota¬ 
ting  saws  d.  The  front  wheels  and  draught  pole  (not  represented  in 
the  engravings)  are  attached  to  bar  C. 

I  claim  the  employment  or  use  of  a  series  of  circular  saws  d ,  placed 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


227 


upon  a  vertical  shaft  J,  and  rotating  between  the  bars  e  of  a  metallic 
frame  L,  the  saws  and  frame  being  placed  upon,  or  attached  to,  a  proper 
carriage,  and  arranged  as  shown. 


No.  13,877. — Geo.  A.  Howe. — Improvement  in  Hand  Cotton  Pickers. — 

Patented  December  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  4.) 

To  operate  this  picker,  the  strap,  which  is  passed  through  ring  V,  is 
put  over  one  shoulder  and  under  the  opposite  arm  ;  the  thumb  is  then 
placed  in  the  ring  W,  and  hand  lever  N  operated.  The  roller  B  is  then 
brought  in  contact  with  the  cotton-ball,  and  the  cotton  picked  out  by 
the  chain  of  gatherers  and  carried  into  the  machine.  As  the  chain 
passes  stripper  H,  the  cotton  is  detatched  and  falls  into  bag  R,  which, 
when  full,  can  be  detached  and  the  cotton  emptied.  . 

Claim. — The  endless  belt  or  chain  of  gatherers  F,  stripper  H,  bag 
R,  and  case  A  A,  when  combined,  arranged,  and  operated,  substan¬ 
tially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,894. — R.  C.  Wre^n. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  Preparing 

Cotton  Seed  for  Planting. — Patented  December  4, 1855.  (Plates,  p.  4.) 

The  seeds  are  admitted  through  opening  9  ;  box  8  contains  the  lime, 
or  such  material  as  may  be  used  to  forma  body  around  the  seed  ;  the 
projections- 6  on  lever  7  being  alternately  struck  by  the  row  of  teeth  4, 
the  lime  is  jarred  into  the  case,  the  teeth  3  acting  in  conjunction  with 
teeth  11,  separate  the  seeds,  and  at  the  same  time  (being  spirally  set) 
carry  the  seeds  to  the  discharge  12.  The  pads  5,  being  placed  diagon¬ 
ally  across  the  cylinder,  assist  in  drawing  the  seeds  when  rolling  towards 
the  discharge  opening. 

Claim. — Pads  5,  in  combination  with  cylinder  1,  and  teeth  11  and  4, 
in  combination  with  hopper  slide,  combined  and  arranged  substan¬ 
tially  in  the  manner  and  for  tlm  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,163. — Jno.  Imel, — Improvement  in  Cultivators. — Patented  Janu¬ 
ary  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  4.) 

This  improvement  consists  in  the  guard  which  is  to  protect  the 
young  sprouting  crop  from  being  crushed  or  buried  beneath  the  clods 
turned  over  by  the  inner  shares  bbL.  This  guard  is  somewhat  pointed 
in  front,  and  is  bent  to  the  shape  of  a  cylinder,  of  diameter  somewhat 
greater  than  the  width  of  the  plate,  and  is  so  attached  to  the  beam  c 
as  to  present  its  concave,  surface  downwards.  The  beam  c  is  in  front, 
hinged  to  the  under  side  of  the  tongue  d ,  and  terminates  behind  in  a 
perforated  shank  k,  by  which  its  height  can  be  adjusted. 

Claim. — The  curved  and  adjustable  guard  or  fender,  hinged,  as  de 
scribed,  to  a  tongue  supported  upon  running  gear. 


228 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


No.  12,332. — Jos.  Stockdale. — Improvement  in  Cultivator- Teeth. — - 

Patented  January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  4.) 

The  reversible  plate  is  made  to  be  used  on  either  side  of  the  frame 
of  the  cultivator,  and  being  placed  on  a  line  parallel  with  the  inside  of 
the  frame  of  the  cultivator,  as  seen  in  dotted  lines  marked  5,  places 
the  tooth  or  teeth  in  the  exact  position  to  make  straight  lands  or  fur¬ 
rows  ;  further,  the  reversible  plate  being  made  of  a  greater  thickness 
at  one  end  sets  the  tooth  or  teeth  in  the  exact  position  or  pitch  for  prac¬ 
tical  use. 

Claim. — The  reversible  cast-iron  plate,  marked  fig.  2,  with  the  groove 
on  the  under  side,  marked  letter  K,  round  cast  iron  stay-pin  on  the 
upper  side  G,  also  the  application  of  the  top  of  the  cultivator-tooth 
in  the  groove  aforesaid,  and  also  the  application  of  the  wrought  iron 
bolt  or  shank  passing  through  the  said  plate  as  described. 


No.  12,42S. — Jonathan  A.  Robinson. — Imyrovetnent  m  Hand- Cultiva¬ 
tors. — Patented  February  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  4.) 

The  dotted  central  line,  in  figure  2,  represents  the  row  of  plants  to 
be  weeded.  The  instrument  is  wheeled  along  by  the  operator  in  the 
direction  of  the  arrow,  so  that  the  knives  shall  cut  close  up  on  each 
side  of  the  plants,  the  distance  between  the  knives  being  so  adjusted 
that  the  plants  shall  not  be  injured  by  them. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  yoke  A,  nor  the  knives  B  ;  but 
what  I  claim  is  the  instrument  as  described,  for  weeding  and  culiivating 
plants  in  rows,  the  same  consisting  substantially  of  the  combination  ot 
the  yoke  A  with  the  knives  B,  constructed  and  operating  in  the  man¬ 
ner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,478. — Nehemiar  B.  Chase  and  Chauncey  W.  Saunders. — 

Improvement  in  Hand -Cultivators. — Patented  March  6,  1855.  (Plates, 

p.  4.) 

The  knives  A  A  are  placed  some  distance  below  the  frame,  and 
are  held  in  slats  B  B  by  means  of  nuts  M  M,  which  allow  of  an  ad¬ 
justment  as  to  the  angle  and  the  distance  of  the  knives  from  the  frame 
and  from  each  other. 

The  inventor*/ say  :  We  are  aware  that  a  hand-cultivator  carried  on 
wheels  has  been  constructed,  with  shares  not  guarded  at  the  points, 
-and  having  both  a  rotary  and  a  lateral  adjustability;  therefore,  we  do 
not  claim  these  features. 

But  w v  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  knives  A  A,  upon  the  frame, 
so  as  to  be  adjustable  in  an  oblique  direction,  and  also  reversible,  as 

set  forth . 

/ 


I. - AGRICULTURE. 


229 


No.  12, 536. — Saml.  A.  Knox,  assignor  to  Ruggles,  Nourse,  Mason, 

and  Co. — Improvement  in  Cultivators. — Patented  March  13,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  4.) 

The  object  of  tooth  K  is  to  enable  the  attendant,  while  having  hold 
of  the  handles,  to  steady  the  horse-hoe,  and  to  prevent  the  lateral  irregu¬ 
lar  motion  of  it  which  is  produced  by  the  draft  and  obstructions.  It 
serves  also  as  a  fulcrum  to  move  the  hoe,  so  as  io  suddenly  lift  the 
rear  part  of  it  to  throw  or  flirt  loose  earth  among  stalks  of  the  hills. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  combining  a  curved  and  pointed 
knife  with  a  common  land  plough,  when  said  knife  is  placed  against 
or  very  near  to  the  nose  of  the  plough  ;  my  employment  of  the  knife  or 
tooth  on  the  horse  hoe  being  in  a  different  manner  and  for  a  different 
purpose  from  its  use  on  a  plough. 

But  what  I  claim  is  arranging  the  curved  knife,  or  pointed  tooth  K, 
at  or  near  the  front  end  of  the  beam  of  the  horse  hoe,  while  the  main 
or  double  hoe  C  is  disposed  at  or  near  the  rear  end  of  the  beam,  and 
so  as  to  enable  the  said  tooth  to  be  used  in  the  manner  and  for  the  pur¬ 
poses  as  stated;  it  being  employed  in  a  common  plough  simply  for 
cutting  the  sod  or  opening  it  lor  the  reception  of  the  nose  of  the  plough. 


No.  12,571. — Geo.  W.  N.  Yost. — Improvement  in  Cultivators. — -Patented 

March  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  5.) 

The  scraper  E  is  secured  to  handle  B  by  two  bolts  c  c ,  it  slightly 
turning  on  the  lower  one,  and  the  upper  one  working  in  a  slot  in  the 
scraper  for  the  purpose  of  raising  or  lowering  the  point  d  to  work  prop¬ 
erly  on  the  side  of  a  higher  or  lower  row. 

The  inventor  says:  I  am  aware  that  cultivators  and  scrapers  have 
been  used,  which  were  laterally  and  perpendicularly  adjustable;  there¬ 
fore,  I  do  not  claim  such  devices. 

But  I  claim  the  combination  of  the  adjustable  scraper  E,  with  the 
bar,  point,  &c.,  D,  as  described,  for  the  purpose  of  baring  off  the  row 
and  lapping  up  the  middle;  also,  for  scraping  off  the  row,  and  rolling 
the  scrapings  over  into  the  furrow  opened  by  the  plough,  substantially  as 
set  forth. 


No.  12,589. — Hervey  D.  Ganse. — Improvement  in  Cultivators. — Pa¬ 
tented  March  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  5.) 

f  d  are  cutting  edges  which  incline  backwards  at  an  angle  sufficient 
to  cause  incumbrances  to  pass  off  backward  without  choking.  The 
parts  1  are  fenders,  which  protect  the  young  plants  from  being  covered. 
The  cutting  edge  d  k  of  the  parts  2,  continues  the  edge  t  d.  The  earth 
is  shaved  down  and  pressed  outward  by  the  inclined  edges  and  the 
lateral  flare  of  the  fenders,  and  then  flows  over  the  mould -boards  com¬ 
pletely  crumbled,  filling  again  the  furrows  from  which  it  has  been 
taken.  The  plants,  however  small,  are  not  moved  or  covered. 

The  inventor  says :  I  claim ,  1st,  That  shape  of  the  upright  forms  or 
fenders  described,  in  its  application  to  the  purposes  described,  by 
which  the  foremost  point  of  each  fender  is  elevated  to  or  above  the 
surface  of  the  ground,  and  the  lower  c-t  cutting  edge  inclines  backward 


230 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


from  that  point,  in  the  manner  described,  so  as  to  secure  the  result 

described.  _  . 

2d.  The  combination  of  said  fenders  with  the  mould  boards  and 
wheels,  in  the  manner  described,  the  invention  of  which  mould  boards 
and  wheels  I  do  not  claim. 


No.  12,609. — R  P.  Vanhorn. — Improvement  in  Cultivators. — Patented 

March  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  5.) 

The  object  of  making  the  frame  A  of  an  elongated  shape  is  to  cause 
it  to  run  smoothly  and  steadil}7-.  The  lore  tooth  has  a  cutter-edge  and 
very  small  nosing,  and  serves  to  cut  the  sods  and  roots ;  the  rear  tooth 
D,  which  is  the  largest  of  all,  throws  the  earth  towards  the  corn,  and 
leaves  a  fine  deep  furrow  for  the  water  to  settle  in. 

Claim. — The  peculiar  elongated  rhombus-shaped,  wrought-iron  frame 
and  arrangement  of  teeth,  the  front  angle  bearing  a  light  steel  cutter 
tooth,  and  the  rear  angle  a  large  shovel  tooth,  in  the  manner  and  for 
the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  12,611. — Wm.  P.  Zane. — Improvement  in  Cultivators . — Patented 

March  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  5  ) 

The  hook  f  divides  the  potato  vines  centrally  between  the  rows. 
The  hooks  g  g  lift  up  the  vines  and  throw  them  to  each  side.  They 
are  shorter  than  hook  f  and  are  arranged  such  a  distance  in  rear  of 
hook/ as  to  bring  the  points  of  all  said  hooks  into  the  same  horizontal 
plane.  The  hooks  must  be  of  proper  shape,  so  as  not  to  cut  the  vines, 
and  their  points  are  at  such  a  height  above  the  points  of  the  cultivators 
A,  that  when  the  cultivators  are  inserted  the  proper  depth,  the  points  of 
f  g  g  will  be  even  with  the  surface  of  the  earth. 

Claim. — The  vine-hooks  f  g  g  arranged  in  such  a  manner  in  relation 
to  the  cultivating  teeth  h  h  h,  that  the  said  hooks  will  remove  the  vines 
out  of  the  way  of  the  said  cultivating  teeth,  and  allow  them  to  operate 
upon  the  soil  without  injury  to  the  vines,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,653. — Francis  L.  Smithson. — Improvement  in  Cultivators. — 

Patented  April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  5.) 

The  teeth  f  are  on  a  swivel  bar,  so  that  when  drawn  forward  they 
are  in  place,  but  when  the  horse  backs  they  turn  up,  and  thus  pass 
over  the  ground  without  action.  The  teeth  are  designed  to  break  and 
loosen  the  earth  just  previous  to  planting  tobacco,  and  the  cylinder  C 
following  after  is  made  to  press  the  top  of  the  hill. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  harrow  teeth  and  cylinder,  sub¬ 
stantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,744, — John  Stryker. — Improvement  in  Cultivators . — Patented 
April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  5.) 

The  object  of  this  improvement  is  to  obviate  the  usual  serpentine, 
unsteady  movement  of  ordinary  wheel  cultivators.  The  front  supports 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


231 


•  •  _ • 

Jc  are  permanently  attached  to  the  frame  a  b.  The  rear  supports  h 

are  adjustable,  so  as  to  serve  not  only  as  supports,  but  also  to  regulate 
the  depth  of  action  of  tfie  coulters. 

. Claim . — The  application  or  use  of  front  and  rear  ^ipports  or  sup¬ 
porters,  which  not  only  answer  all  the  purposes  of  wheels,  but  regu¬ 
late  and  govern  the  action  of  the  coulters  in  the  ‘ground  ;  constructed 
and  am  ged  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose 
herein  set  forth. 

_ 

No.  13,062. — Jos.  Montgomery  &  James  Montgomery. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Wheat,  Fans. — Patented  June  12,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  5.) 

Figure  1,  represents  this  fan  arranged  for  chaffing,  and  figure  2,  for 
cleaning  the  grain  after  being  chaffed.  The  operations  of  the  machine 
will  be  understood  from  the  engravings. 

Claim. — Constructing  the  screen- box,  with  the  addition  of  a  plate 
or  apron  under  its  upper  screen,  for  conveying  whatever  passes 
through  said  screen  to  the  front  part  of  the  box,  and  of  a  fine  screen 
at  the  bottom  for  separating  sand  or  grit  from  the  small  grain  and 
seeds  caught  therein,  in  combination  with  a  box  or  its  equivalent  be¬ 
neath,  for  collecting  or  conveying  away  the  sand  or  grit  therein  sepa¬ 
rated. 

Also,  adding  an  adjustable  board  or  shelf  H  in  the  front  part  of 
the  shoe,  so  situated  that  light  and  bulky  impurities,  blown  from  the 
apron,  may  be  caught  thereon,  and  conveyed  out  of  the  shoe,  while 
sufficient  space  is  left  behind  and  below  it  for  the  whole  extent  of 
screen  beneath  to  be  employed  to  receive  the  grain,  substantially  as 
set  forth. 


No.  12,453  Lewis  Teese  &  Son. — Improvement  in  ForJcs  for  Gold 
D'ggers. — Patented  February  27,  1855.  Antedated  November  27, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  5.) 

The  prongs  of  this  fork  are  triangular,  the  edges  upward,  so  that 
the  smallest  particles  of  gold  cannot  lodge  on  them;  the  backs  of  the 
prongs  are  flat,  so  that  the  fork  will  slide  easily,  and  not  wear  out  the 
sluice  boxes. 

Claims — Making  the  fork  tines  triangular,  with  one  side  of  the  trian¬ 
gle  forming  the  back  of  the  tines,  for  the  purposes  and  in  the  manner 
set  forth,  whether  applied  to  more  or  less  number  of  tines,  or  length  or 
breadth  of  fork. 


No.  12,973. — Chapin  Street. — Improvement  in  Grain  Drills. — Pat¬ 
ented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  6.) 

The  seeds  pass  through  the  seed  chambers  and  the  holes  x,  (these 
holes  being  alternately  covered  by  guards  m,  as  the  distributor  vi¬ 
brates.)  and  finally  through  conductors  p  q,  and  drill  r,  to  the  ground. 
The. dust  and  grit  collect  in  the  spaces  o1,  and  passes  out  through 
hoies  xK  The  strength  with  which  spring  t  bears  upon  n,  is  regulated 


232 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


by  screw  d,  and  the  distance  of  the  movement  is  regulated  by  screw 
y.  The  movement  is  created  by  means  of  cam  v.  The  lifting  board 
A  passes  across  the  machine  in  front  of  the  seecl  box.  Connecting  rod 
u  is  attached  at  dhe  end  to  support  i ,  and  at  the  other  end  to  the  sliding 
cam  e,  which  moves  in  a  slot  at  one  end  of  the  machine.  The  board 
A  can  be  lifted  by  means  of  a  lever,  which  will  draw  forward  cam  e, 
by  means  of  rod  u;  the  cam  e,  in  moving  forward,  presses  om  ’  nng  t, 
the  distributor  remains  stationary,  and  no  seed  will  be  discharged  until 
board  A  is  brought  back  to  its  former  position.  In  throwing  up  lever 
A1,  the  rods  rl  are  also  drawn  up,  and  with  them  the  drills  r ;  so  that 
not  only  is  the  seed  stopped  from  discharging,  but  the  drills  are  also 
lifted  clear  from  all  obstructions. 

The  inventor  saj^s:  I  claim ,  first,  the  seed  distributor  n,  with  its  seed 
chambers  o,  and  dust  boxes  o1,  in  combination  with  the  cam  wheel  v, 
the  spring  t,  and  adjusting  screens  t  and  y. 

Second.  I  do  not  claim  the  lifting  board  A,  nor  the  conductors  p  and 
q ,  nor  drills  r,  separately. 

But  1  claim  their  peculiar  arrangement  and  connection  with  the 
sliding  cam  e,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,143. — Charles  Taylor. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  Cutting 

Grain,  Grass ,  fc. — Patented  June  26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  6.) 

The  cutter-blocks  A  are  fastened  to  the  main  frame  d  by  means  of 
braces  g,  and  the  cutters  f  are  screwed  to  the  cutter-blocks.  The  rear 
ends  of  the  cutters,  being  unconnected  with  the  machine,  give  elasticity 
to  the  cutters,  which  enables  them  to  meet  any  unusual  resistance 
without  breaking.  The  fact  of  their  being  disconnected  with  each 
other  at  the  rear  ends  prevents  the  clogging  of  the  machine.  1c  is  the 
platform,  and  a  a  are  the  runners. 

Claim..- — The  use  of  a  series  of  knives  or  cutters  connected  with  the 
frame  of  the  machine  at  the  point  or  angle  formed  by  the  connexion  of 
each  pair  of  cutters,  but  not  connected  with  the  machine,  or  with  each 
other,  at  the  heel,  and  removeable  at  pleasure,  substantially  in  the 
manner  and  for  the  purposes  specified. 


No.  13,532. — J.  Van  Horne. —  Improvement  in  Grain  Separators. — -Pat¬ 
ented  September  4,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  6.) 

The  corn,  previously  shelled  by  a  corn-sheller,  (arranged  in  front  of 
spout  G  and  not  shown  in  the  engravings,)  and  the  cobs  pass  down  the 
spout  G  into  screen  F,  through  which  a  blast  of  air  passes,  entering  at 
I.  As  screen  F  rotates,  the  cobs  will  be  carried  by  the  spiral-toothed 
flanches  g1  to  the  outer  end  of  screen  F,  and  will  be  discharged  there¬ 
from,  while  the  shelled  corn  will  pass  through  the  screen  and  fall  upon 
the  inner  side  of  cylinder  E,  and  will  be  conveyed  by  the  flanches  g 
to  the  hole  f  through  which  the  corn  passes  into  the  buckets  d,  and  is 
carried  around  by  them  and  discharged  from  the  side  of  the  framing, 
as  shown  in  figure  2. 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


233 


I  claim  the  revolving  cylinder  E,  furnished  with  buckets  d,  flenching 
p,  and  holes  /,  in  combination  with  the  revolving  cylindrical  screen 
F,  for  the  purpose  of  cleaning  the  grain,  separating  the  chaff’,  and  ele¬ 
vating  the  grain  and  delivering  it,  in  the  manner  set  forth. 


No.  13,044. — Peter  Geiser. — Improvement  in  Grain  Separators . — 

Patented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  6.) 

The  air  enfers  the  fan  case  through  the  perforated  side  plates  I,  each 
of  which  plates  is  covered  with  a  moveable  plate  K,  the  perforations  of 
which  correspond  with  the  perforations  in  plates  I.  The  moveable 
plates  can  turn  on  the  centre  pin  of  the  fan,  and  are  connected  by  bars 
t  and  u.  When  the  blast  increases  too  much,  it  will  act  upon  and  de¬ 
press  the  broad  bar  t,  and  the  solid  parts  of  plate  K  will  partially  cover 
the  apertures  in  plates  I,  thereby  decreasing  the  admission  of  air.  As 
soon  as  the  blast  becomes  weaker,  the  plates  K  (being  properly  balanced) 
will  again  return  to  their  original  position.  • 

The  grain  and  straw  is  fed  upwards  on  slide  E  by  rakers  B  C,  which 
are  vibrated  each  by  a  double  crank  a,  one  of  which  cranks  is  driven 
by  pulley  D.  As  the  straw  is  raked  upwards,  the  rakers  at  the  same 
time  act  like  combs,  causing  the  blades  of  straw  to  assume  a  parallel 
position  to  each  other,  and  causing  the  grain  to  settle  through  the  straw 
down  plane  E,  where,  with  the  chaff,  it  passes  towards  and  through  the 
aperture  c,  out  to  the  curved  apron  d ,  which  is  hung  on  journals  f  and 
receives  a  shaking  motion  by  means  of  the  square  ends  of  roller  &  act¬ 
ing  upon  the  outer  ends  of  the  apron.  The  front  edge  of  the  apron  is 
provided  with  teeth  like  a  comb,  which  teeth  reach  between  the 
grooves  on  roller  lc ,  and  thus  form  meshes  through  which  the  grain  can 
fall,  constituting  a  substitute  for  a  screen.  The  unseparated  grain 
and  chaff  pass  over  roller  Jc,  and  drop  down  on  to  the  regulating  divid¬ 
ing  shelf  or  apron  n ,  constructed  similarly  to  apron  d.  The  shoulder 
in  the  centre  of  apron  n  divides  the  apron  into  two  surfaces.  The 
heavy  grain  remains  on  the  rear  surface,  which,  after  the  chaff  has 
been  blown  off,  will  drop  down  into  the  box  L.  The  lighter  grain 
goes  forward  to  comb  and  roller  Z,  and  drops  down  the  screen  M  into 
the  box. 

The  slide  S  is  hinged  to  the  upper  portion  of  the  straw  carrier,  and 
the  slide  Z  is  hinged  to  the  slide  S.  By  adjusting  these  slides  the 
straw  can  be  carried  to  either  side  of  the  machine. 

The  inventor  says:  I  am  aware  a  self-acting  blast  regulator  for  fan 
blowers  is  not  new ;  this  I  do  not  claim. 

But  I  claim  the  vanes  within  the  fan  case  against  which  the  blast 
acts,  for  the  purpose  of  closing  or  opening  the  register  automatically, 
to  regulate  the  blast,  as  set  forth. 

I  also  claim  the  manner  of  separating  the  grain  from  the  straw  and 
other  impurities,  by  means  of  aprons,  combs,  and  grooved  rollers, 
without  the  use  of  a  riddle,  whether  one,  two,  or  more  sets  of  such 
separating  apparatus  be  used,  substantially  as  described. 

I  also  claim,  in  combination  with  the  separating  apparatus,  the  self¬ 
regulating  dividing  shelf,  upon  which  the  grain  drops,  for  the  purpose 


234 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


of  carrying  the  heavy  grain  back,  and  the  light  forward,  for  a  second 
cr  more  complete  separation,  as  set  forth. 

I  also  claim  the  hinging  of  the  upper  to  the  lower  portion  of  the 
straw  carrier  frSme,  and  providing  it  with  adjustable  slides  or  con¬ 
veyors  for  dividing  and  conveying  the  straw  into  any  desired  localities, 

as  set  forth. 

/ 


No.  13,688. — Benj.  Wright  and  John  Bean. — Improvement  in  Grain 

Separators . — Patented  October  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  6.) 

The  grain  and  straw  pass  between  cylinder  K  and  concave  J, 
upon  shoe  E,  which  has  a  shaking  motion ;  the  straw  is  carried  along 
the  shoe  and  drops  off  the  ends  of  the  slats  c,  (see  arrows^,)  while  the 
grain  and  short  light  particles  fall  between  the  fingers  upon  screen  B  ; 
the  grain  passes  through  screen  B,  and  falls  upon  screen  D,  and  is  dis¬ 
charged  in  the  direction  of  arrow  1 ;  the  short  light  particles  are  dis¬ 
charged  in  the  direction  of  arrow  2  ;  and  dust,  chaff,  etc.,  are  blown  out 
from  both  screens  by  a  blast  coming  from  fan  G. 

The  inventors  say:  We  do  not  claim  the  cylinder,  concave,  and  fan 
separately,  for  they  have  been  previously  used. 

But  we  claim  the  employment  or  use  of  the  rotating  screens  B  D, 
and  shoe  E,  when  arranged  substantially  as  shown  and  described, 
whereby  the  straw  is ’carried  through  the  screens,  and  the  grain  shaken 
therefrom  within  the  screens,  as  described. 


No.  12,415,— Danl.  Haldeman. — Improvement  in  Harrows . — Patented 
February  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  7.) 

Claim. — The  so  forming  and  hinging  together  of  the  frames  or  frame 
pieces  of  a  harrow,  as  that  it  may  be  susceptible  of  such  an  adjust¬ 
ment  as  represented,  and  so  that  it  may  be  folded  up  and  rest  upon  a 
portion  of  the  frame  which  forms  a  sled,  upon  which  it  may  be  con¬ 
veyed  from  place  to  place,  as  described.  (See  engraving.) 


No.  1-2,659. — Charles  Clareni,  assignor  to  Charles  Clareni  and 

George  P.  Field. — Improvement  in  Harrows. — Patented  April  3, 

1855.  (Plates,  p.  7.) 

a  is  the  draft  pole. 

The  harrow  consists  of  three  segments  f  which  are  provided  with 
harrow  teeth  i.  Each  of  the  segments  has  two  radial  arms  e  e,  which, 
where  they  meet,  are  bolted  to  short  radial  arms  dl  dl  projecting  from 
plates  <7,  which  latter  are  hinged  to  the  central  plate  c  by  means  of 
horizontal  pivots  c 1  c1,  thus  allowing  each  of  the  segments  to  rise  and 
fall  freely  and  independent  of  the  others,  to  adapt  themselves  to  the 
inequality  of  the  surface. 

Figure  2  represents  a  section  on  line  xy. 

Figure  3  is  drawn  on  an  enlarged  scale. 

Claim . — Making  the  rotating  harrow  in  flexible  segments  as  described. 


I. - AGRICULTURE. 


235 


No.  12,667. — Lyman  Brainard  and  Levi  Newton. — Improvement  in 

Rotary  Harrows. — Patented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  7.) 

The  three  ends  of  frame  A  B  suppoit  three  horizontal  wheels  D,  free 
to  revolve  on  their  vertical  journals.  Teeth  s  projecting  vertically 
downwrards  are  inserted  into  the  rim  and  arms  of  said  w'heels.  The 
smaller  vertical  wheels  F  F  H,  on  the  upper  side,  are  for  the  purpose 
of  drawing  the  harrow  on  when  removing  it,  and  are  put  into  use  by 
turning  the  harrow  bottom  side  up.  The  arrangement  of  the  harrow¬ 
ing  wheels  D  allows  them  to  turn  or  react  when  coming  in  contact 
with  any  obstacle. 

The  inventors  say  :  We  are  aware  that  wheel-shaped  harrow-frames 
have  been  used,  both  without  rotation  and  with  a  compulsory  rotation 
in  one  direction. 

But  we  claim  the  employment  of  the  wdueel-shaped  harrows  when 
fastened  upon  a  central  point,  so  as  to  turn  in  either  direction,  for 
the  purpose  and  in  the  manner  set  forth. 


No.  13,257. — William  Gourle  y. — Improvement  in  Harrows. — Patented 

July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  7.) 

The  vertical  slots  in  the  bearings  F  of  the  roller  D,  allow  the  latter 
to  rise  and  fall.  The  roller  knives  are  designed  to  cut  such  clods  as 
may  escape  the  knives  of  the  frame,  the  surface -of  the  roller  meantime 
compressing  the  ground.  By  inserting  boxes  L  under  the  roller-pivots, 
the  roller  will  press  only  partially  on  the  ground,  and,  consequently, 
additional  weight  will  be  thrown  on  the  frame. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  any  of  the  parts  separately ;  nor 
do  I  claim  so  attaching  to  a  clod  cutter  or  harrow  a  roller,  that  may  be 
adjusted  to  any  given  height  from  the  ground,  as  this  has  been  done  before. 

But  I  claim  arranging,  in  connection  with  a  clod-cutter,  a  cutting 
roller,  which  may  adapt  itself  to  the  inequalities  of  the  ground,  and 
also  be  made  to  throw  its  weight  upon  the  clod- cutter  or  not,  as  de¬ 
sired,  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,121. — John  E.  Brown  and  Stephen  S.  Bartlett. — Improve¬ 
ment,  in  Grain  and  Grass  Harvesters. — Patented  June  2,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  7.) 

A  bar  G  has  its  fulcrupi  in  shaft  F,  which  turns  in  stands  E,  extend¬ 
ing  from  main  frame  A.  The  other  end  of  bar  G  has  a  projection  K, 
to  which  is  attached  a  pin  sliding  in  slot,  I  of  upright  stand  H,  which 
latter  extends  from  main  frame  A.  The  projecting  parts  L  and  M 
of  said  bar  G  receive  the  journals  of  rock-shaft  N,  from  which  rock-shaft 
extends  the  cutter-bar  n ,  which  arrangement  is  to  allow  the  cutter-bar 
to  rise  and  fall  according  to  the  inequalities  of  the  ground.  The  rack 
x,  which  is  to  work  the  cutter-knives,  is  motioned  by  the  linked  rods 
b  and  £,  wThich  latter  is  horizontally  linked  to  the  vertical  rock-shaft  a, 
so  as  to  allow  arm  £  to  accommodate  itself  to  the  undfhations  of  the 
cutter-bar.  Connecting  rods  d  f  and  eccentric  g,  impart  to  shaft  a  the 
rocking  motion. 


236 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


Fig.  1,  top  view;  fig.  2,  view  from  one  side;  fig.  3,  view  from  the 
other  side. 

Claim. — Hanging  or  hinging  the  bar  G  to  the  carriage,  so  as  to  vi¬ 
brate  substantially  as  described,  in  combination  with  the  hanging  or 
hinging  of  the  cutter  stock  to  the  bar  G,  substantially  as  described,  so 
that  the  cutter-si ock  may  vibrate  and  accommodate  itself  to  any  undu¬ 
lations  in  the  surface  of  the  ground,  and  so  that  it  may  be  raised  by 
the  attendant  to  pass  stones,  stumps,  or  other  obstructions,  without 
tipping  the  carriage. 


No.  12,123. — Marshall  Burnett  and  Charles  Vander  Woerd. — 

Improvement  in  Grain  and  Grass  Harvesters. —  Patented  Jan.  2,  1S55. 

(Plates,  p.  8.) 

Claim. — Making  the  same  shaft  or  axle  H,  which  serves  to  drive 
the  cutter-  rods,  cutter,  or  cutters,  serve  also  as  the  pivot  or  centre  of 
the  joint  between  the  cutter-bar  M  and  the  carriage  A,  substantially 
as  herein  described,  (see  illustration,)  thereby  preserving  the  proper 
relation  between  the  cutter  or  cutters  and  their  driving  mechanism. 


No.  12,215. — John  E.  Newcomb. — Improvement  in  Grain  Harvesters. — 

Patented  January  9,  185  >.  (Plates,  p.  8.) 

The  apron  or  platform  b  upon  which  the  grain  is  received  after  it 
is  cut  by  the  scythes,  is  1  inged  at  bl,  and  is,  at  intervals,  dropped 
(see  arrow  2)  so  as  to  dn  p  its  load,  by  means  of  a  crank  dl  and  rod 
d,  which  is  operated  upon  by  a  properly-shaped  cam  on  the  axle  of 
the  driving  wheel.  The  apron  has,  underneath,  an  additional  plat¬ 
form  b2,  which  can  be  slid  out,  (see  arrow  1,)  more  or  less,  so  as  to 
increase  or  diminish  the  actual  length  of  the  platform  bb 2,  to  prevent 
vent  the  grain  from  running  over  the  platform  before  it  drops. 

The  scythe-plate /is  kept  in  close  contact  with  the  shear  edges  of 
the  fingers  by  supporting  the  scythe-plate  by  a  grooved  bar  i,  under  the 
said  scythe-plate,  and  about  midway  between  its  front  edges  (the 
scythe-points)  and  its  rear  edge,  which  latter  slides,  as  usual,  in  a 
groove  in  a  stationary  cross-bar.  The  bar  i  is  kept  up  against  the 
under  surface  of  the  scythe-plate  by  set-screws,  and  the  groove  is  kept 
filled  with  oil  to  obviate  excessive  friction. 

Claim. — Making  the  hinged  apron  extensible,  substantially  in  the 
manner  set  forth.  * 

Also,  the  mode  of  keeping  the  scythe-plate  to  the  shear  edges  of  the 
guides,  said  mode  consisting  in  the  employment  of  a  grooved  pressure- 
plate  or  bar  and  set-screws,  for  the  purposes  herein  set  forth. 


No.  12,252. — O.  B.  Judd. — Improvement  in  Gram  and  Grass  Harvesters. — 
Patented  January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  8.) 

The  cutters  MN,  arranged  at  the  outer  end  of  the  machine,  are  to  cut 
the  grain  that  may  overlap  or  become  entangled  at  the  inner  edge  of 
the  swath. 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


237 


Claim. — 1st.  The  employment  or  use  of  the  rotating  cutters  M,  and 
stationary  cutter  N,  arranged  substantially  as  shown  and  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  set  forth. 

2d.  Attaching  the  connecting  rod  G  to  the  outer  end  of  the  sickle 
H,  as  shown,  for  the  purpose  of  being  enabled  to  employ  a  long 
straight  rod  with  a  compact  machine. 

3d.  Attaching  the  sickle  bar  I  to  the  finger  bar  F,  by  hinges,  as 
shown,  whereby  the  sickle  and  connecting  rod  are  kept  properly  in 
place,  and  the  sickle  readily  attached  to,  and  detached  from,  the  ma¬ 
chine,  as  described. 


No.  12,323. — Aaron  Palmer. — Improvement  in  the  construction  of  the 
frame  of  Grass-Harvesters. — Patented  January  30, 1855.  (Plates,  p.  8  ) 

Claim. — Connecting  the  wheel  A,  the  cutter  beam  B,  and  the  tongue 
C,  to  the  frame  D,  in  the  manner  described,  by  w7hich  the  frame  op¬ 
erates  as  a  levef,  of  which  the  axle  of  the  wheel  A  is  the  fulcrum ; 
by  which  means  the  cutter-beam  rises  and  falls  independent  of  the 
wheel,  thereby  adapting  itself  to  undulating  surfaces;  and  by  which 
means  the  draft  of  the  team  holds  the  cutter-beam  snug  to  the  ground, 
thereby  causing  the  machine  to  cut  close  and  smooth. 


No.  12,327. — David  Russell. — Improvement  in  Harvester- Cutters. — Pa¬ 
tented  January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  9.) 

The  cutters  a  a  are  let  into  the  chains  on  the  inner  sides  by  dove¬ 
tailing  them  in  and  fastening  them  by  screws,  making  the  chains  a 
smooth  surface  alter  the  cutters  are  let  in.  The  cog-w heels  b  are  re¬ 
volved  by  means  of  driving-pulleys  d,  and  as  they  are  revolved  in 
opposite  directions,  the  knives  pass  over  each  other  in  the  form  of 
shears,  cutting  the  grain  as  it  comes  within  their  reach. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  cutter  with  an  endless  chain  or  chains 
operating  as  described,  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  12,339.— Edwin  A.  Morrison,  assignor  to  himself  and  Robert 
J.  Morrison. — Improvement  in  Delivering  Apparatus  of  Grain  Har¬ 
vesters. — Patented  January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  9.) 

At  that  end  of  the  frame,  towards  which  the  cut  grain  is  carried,  is 
hinged  a  door  E,  to  which  a  cord  and  weight  H  are  attached  so  as  to 
hold  the  door  in  the  position  shown  in  the  engravipg.  The  cut  grain 
collects  under  the  projecting  flange  I,  until  the  rake  teeth  D  (attached 
to  the  carrying  belt  C)  arrive  at  the  door,  raise  it  up  against  the  weight, 
and  allow  the  grain  to  drop  out. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  fully  aware  that  an  endless  belt  with  rakes 
thereon  for  conveying  the  cut  grain  from  the  platform,  and  hinged  doors, 
controlled  by  weight  or  spring,  have  both  been  used  on  reaping  machines 
for  gathering  and  delivering  the  cut  grain  in  bundles;  these  I  do  not 
claim. 


238 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


But  I  claim,  in  combination  with  an  endless  conveying  belt  with  rakes 
thereon,  and  the  weighted  or  spring  door,  the  inclined  flange  on  said 
door  under  which  the  grain  is  carried  and  compressed,  until  the  rake 
teeth  come  against  said  flange,  when  the  door  is  forced  upward  on  its 
hinges  and  the  cut  grain  delivered  in  compact  bundles,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,363. — James  H.  Maydole  and  Albert  W.  Morse. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Grass  Harvesters. — Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  9.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  consists  in  combining  a  roller  a  with 
a  grass  harvester  by  means  of  the  levers  b  and  c,  (c  having  its  fulcrum 
in  m,)  and  the  parts  in  connection  with  them  in  such  manner  that  a 
person  riding  upon  seat  n  can  elevate  or  depress  arm  d,  which  carries 
and  guides  the  cutter  plate  e,  causing  the  whole  weight  of  said  arm  and 
cutter  plate  to  rest  upon  the  said  roller,  or  allow  said  arm  to  rest  upon 
the  ground,  as  circumstances  may  require. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  adjustable  and  controllable  roller  a 
with  a  grass  harvester,  substantially  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,367. — Cyrenus  Wheeler. — Improvement  in  Grain  and  Grass 

Harvesters. — Patented  February  6,  1855. (  (Plates,  p.  9.) 

The  holes  g  serve  for  the  passage  through  the  cutter  bar  x  of  the 
dirt  and  grit  that  would  otherwise  collect  on  the  stationary  cutters  r. 
The  ribs  t  form  a  bearing  for  the  projections  u  on  the  under  sides  of  the 
shanks  m  m;  y  are  the  cavities  for  inserting  cutters  r ;  s  are  holes  for 
inserting  bolts  p  for  attaching  the  moveable  cutters  m  l;  z  are  braces 
united  to  the  ribs  d  of  the  cutter  bar  and  to  the  stationary  cutters  r,  and 
they  serve  as  a  protection  to  the  cutters.  The  ribs  d  serve  also  to  pro¬ 
tect  a  spring  a ,  one  end  of  which  is  fastened  to  the  cutter  bar.  To  the 
other  end  of  spring  a  is  attached  (by  means  of  a  pin  b)  the  lower  end 
of  bolt  p ,  which  passes  up  through  the  hole  s,  and  serves  as  fulcrum  for 
the  shank  and  moveable  cutter  m  l.  The  spring  a ,  by  pressing  the  bolt 
p  downwards,  serves  to  press  continually  the  moveable  cutters  l  towards 
the  stationary  cutters  r.  The  moveable  cutters  receive  a  vibrating  motion 
around  their  fulcra  by  the  usual  means  of  connecting  rod,-  crank,  etc. 

The  revolutions  of  wheel  3  revolve  also  the  disc  5  with  the  teeth  8 
along  the  apron  2,  thereby  removing  the  cut  from  the  standing  grass, 
and  leaving  a  clear  and  uniform  track  adjoining  the  standing  grass. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  double-edged  cutters  r  r  with  the 
cutter  bar  x  x,  the  braces  z  z ,  the  vibrating  cutters  l  l ,  their  shanks  m 
m ,  projections  u  u ,  the  circular  ribs  t  t ,  the  bolts  p  p,  the  springs  a ,  the 
holes  q  q ,  the  ribs  d,  the  cavities  y  y,  or  their  equivalents,  as  substan¬ 
tially  set  forth,  the  whole  forming  the  cutting  apparatus  of  the  machine. 

2d.  The  revolving  or  track  rake,  consisting  of  its  frame  1,  its  wheel 
3,  shaft  4,  pinions  7  10,  shaft  6,  wheel  5,  teeth  8,  apron  2,  joint  9,  and 
cap  11,  or  their  equivalents,  arranged  and  combined  substantially  as 
set  forth. 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


239 


No.  12,393. — Robt.  J.  Morrison,  assignor  to  Robt.  J.  Morrison  and 
Edwin  A.  Morrison. — Improvement  in  Grass  Harvesters. — Patented 
February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  9.) 

Claim. — Constructing  the  cutter  teeth  or  blade  and  teeth,  and  the 
guard  fingers,  of  three  several  plates  of  metal,  V,  W,  V,  all  of  similar 
form,  and  lying  closely  upon  each  other;  the  middle  row  of  teeth  being- 
sharpened  and  stationary,  while  the  upper  and  lower  ones  are  vibrated 
for  the  purpose  of  causing  whatever  slipping  there  may  be.  in  gather¬ 
ing  in  the  stalks  to  be  cut,  to  come  upon  the  fingers  mainly,  and  thus 
protect  the  sharp  edges  of  the  cutters,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,463. — Fisk  Russell. — Improvement  in  Mowing  Machines. — 

Patented  February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  9.) 

By  arranging  the  wheel  C  with  respect  to  the  wheel  B,  as  seen  in 
the  engravings  ;  the  wheel  C  is  made  to  support  the  frame  work  near 
to  the  cutters,  and  it  can  be  made  of  the  same  diameter  as  B,  and  the 
shaft  E  and  cam-wheel  F  can  be  employed  without  any  interference 
of  wheel  C  with  them. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  supporting  of  the  frame  of  a 
mowing  machine  on  two  or  more  wheels. 

But  1  claim ,  when  two  wheels  only  are  employed  for  the  support  of 
such  frame,  the  specified  arrangement  of  the  secondary  supporting 
wheel  with  respect  to  the  main  driving  and  supporting  wheel  and  the 
driving  shaft,  such  arrangement  consisting  in  placing  the  axis  of  the 
secondary  supporting  wheel  aside  of  and  not  in  line  with  that  of  the 
primary  wheel,  and  disposing  the  secondary  wheel  back  of  or  on  one 
side  of  the  driving  shaft,  so  as  to  operate  essentially  as  described. 


No.  12,499. — John  H.  Manny.- — Improvement  in  Grain  and  Grass  Har¬ 
vesters . — Patented  March  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  9.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  plainly  understood  from  the 
accompanying  engravings.  * 

Claim. — Supporting  the  stalks  of  grass  or  grain  to  be  cut  by  means 
of  rods  or  wires  on  one  side  of  the  sickle,  while  they  are  supported 
on  the  opposite  side  by  means  of  the  edges  of  the  finger  in  the  usual 
way,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

Also,  the  construction  of  the  shanks,  or  rear  part  of  the  fingers,  in 
such  form  that  the  shanks  will  pass  or  overlap  each  other,  and  mutually 
support  each  other,  and  stiffen  the  finger  bar,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

Also,  the  manner  described  of  connecting  the  rods  to  the  fingers  and 
to  the  cutter  bar,  and  of  adjusting  them  so  as  to  support  and  brace  the 
point  of  the  finger  with  such  degree  of  force  as  may  be  required,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  set  forth. 


240 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


No.  12,559. — Fisk  Russell. — Improvement  in  Mowing  Machines , — Pat¬ 
ented  March  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  10.) 

The  driving  wheel  has  an  internal  gear  h,  into  which  engages  the 
pinion  D  on  driving  shaft  E. 

The  knives  O  have  two  holes  h ,  equi -distant  from  the  fulcrum  f ; 
the  holes  h  receive  the  pins  k,  extending  upwards  from  the  slide-bar  K. 
The  knife  can  be  reversed,  when  the  other  of  the  holes  h  will  be  fitted 
over  pin  k. 

Claim . — Arranging  the  secondary  supporting  wheel  C  and  the  cut¬ 
ter  frame  in  front  of  the  driving  shaft,  when  such  driving  shaft  and  the 
driving  wheel  are  arranged  and  connected  by  gears  as  specified,  the 
same  serving  to  lessen  the  side  draft  of  pressure  on  the  horses,  or 
draught  animals,  in  comparison  to  what  it  would  be,  were  the  secondary 
wheel  and  the  cutter  frame  disposed  back  of  the  driving  shaft,  when 
arranged  with  respect  to  the  driving  wheel,  as  specified. 

Also,  the  combination  of  two  knives,  so  that  they  shall  project  in 
opposite  directions  from  one  centre  plate  or  bar,  in  order  that  either 
of  the  knives  may  be  used  in  connection  with  the  guard  teeth,  and 
either  be  made  to  serve  as  a  lever  to  the  other,  whenever  circumstances 
may  require. 


No.  12,570. — Walter  A.  Wood. — Improvement  in  Grain  and  Grass 

Harvesters . — Patented  March  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  10.) 

The  conical  shape  of  the  wheel  N  is  clearly  shown  in  the  top  view, 
figure  2.  The  space  between  the  line  x  (where  the  cutters  end)  and 
the  side  board  Q,  (next  to  the  driver’s  seat  and  driving  wheel,  not 
shown  in  the  figure,)  is  left  for  the  reception  of  the  bundles  raked 
there  from  the  platform  by  the  operator. 

The  inventor  says:  I  am  aware  that  a  conical  track-clearer,  sepa¬ 
rate  and  independent  of  the  bearing  wheel,  has  been  used  in  mow¬ 
ing  machines  ;  this  I  do  not  claim. 

But  I  claim  making  the  inner  face  of  the  supporting  wffieel  conical, 
for  the  purpose  of  clearing  the  track  for  the  next  or  return  swath  of 
the  machine,  as  described. 

I  do  not  claim  a  reserved  space  in  general  on  the  platform,  between 
the  end  of  the  cutting  point  and  the  frame. 

But  I  claim  the  forming  of  a  quadrangular  space  on  the  platform, 
between  the  end  of  the  cutting  point  and  the  frame  of  the  machine, 
sufficient  to  hold  as  much  grain  as  will  make  a  bundle  or  sheaf,  be¬ 
fore  it  is  raked  from  the  machine,  as  described. 


No.  12,584. — Andrew  Dietz  and  John  G.  Dunham. — Improvements 
in  Grain  and  Grass  Harvesters . — Patented  March  27,  1855. — Ante¬ 
dated  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  10.) 

By  this  arrangement  motion  is  directly  transferred  from  the  driving 
wheel  to  the  cutter  bar. 

Claim . — First.  Constructing  the  cams  C  and  D  upon  driving  wheel 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


241 


A,  of  a  length  exactly  corresponding  to  the  cutting  range  of  a  single 
stroke  of  the  knife  during  the  advance  and  return  of  the  cutter  bar, 
substantially  as  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

Second.  The  difference  in  the  relative  depths  of  the  cams  C  and  D, 
m  combination  with  the  linked  levers  B  and  b ,  arranged  and  operating 
substantially  as  set  forth. 

Third.  Arranging  the  highest  elevation  of  each  cam  upon  the  wheel 
A,  at  a  point  between  the  highest  elevation  and  lowest  depression  of 
a  cam  upon  the  other  side  of  the  wheel,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,71 4.— Jarvis  Case. — Improvement  in  Grain  and  Grass  Har¬ 
vesters, — Patented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  10.) 

The  interna]  spur  of  the  driving  wheel  A  takes  into  spur  wheel  e  on 
line  shaft  B,  which  latter  carries  on  its  other  end  the  bevel  wheel  C, 
which  last,  by  means  of  pinion  d,  operates  the  sickle  bar  J.  The  head 
iron  N  can  be  adjusted  higher  or  lower,  in  vertical  slidewavs  n  n,  so  as 
to  adapt  the  sickle  bar  to  a  higher  or  lower  cut.  The  anti-friction 
wheel  o  is  pivoted  in  o  to  a  bar  P,  which  can  also  be  adjusted  in 
vertical  slideways  p  p.  A  spring  R  rests  against  the  bent  top  part  of 
said  bar  P.  The  ends  of  the  spring  are  attached  by  screws  r  r1  to  the 
main  framing  S.  By  more  or  less  tightening  the  screws  r  rl  the  spring 
S  can  be  made  to  bear  more  or  less  upon  bar  P,  thereby  causing  the 
finger  bar  to  bear  on  the  ground  with  more  or  less  weight,  or  none  at 
all,  if  desired.  The  anti-friction  wheel  is  to  obviate  side  draught,  and 
to  relieve  the  finger  bar  from  strain,  as  above  stated.  The  arrangement 
of  the  line  shaft,  above  the  centre  of  the  driving  wheel,  is  intended — 
1.  To  produce  a  perfect  balance  of  all  the  parts.  2.  To  have  all  the 
centres  of  the  gearing  in  one  plane  with  the  axle  of  the  driving  shaft, 
without  which  it  would  be  impossible,  to  operate  the  sickle  by  means 
of  eccentric / and  sliding  pinion  shaft  E,  without  destroying  the  adjust¬ 
ability  of  the  head  iron.  3.  To  give  the  anti-friction  wheel  the  advan¬ 
tage  of  a  large  diameter,  and  to  give  sufficient  vertical  play  to  the 
adjustable  head  iron. 

Claim. — 1.  Placing  the  line  shaft  directly  above  the  vertical  centre 
of  the  spur-gear  of  the  master  wheel,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose 
herein  described ;  and, 

2.  The  adjustable  anti-friction  wheel  in  combination  with  the  spring 
R  and  adjustable  set  screws  r  r1,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose 
herein  described. 


No.  12,721. — Eliaxim  B.  Forbush. — Improvement  in  Grain  and  Grass 
Harvesters . — Patented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  11.) 

The  gear  key  D  is  just  large  enough  to  sit  astride  shaft  L  y,  and 
jnst  thick  enough  to  fill  the  space  between  the  hub  of  the  bevel  wheel 
C  and  the  outside  journal  box.  It  is  held  to  its  place  by  a  projecting 
mortice  on  the  key  D  o,  and  a  tenon  a  b  on  the  journal  cap.  By  taking 
out  this  key  D,  the  wheel  C  can  be  thrown  out  of  gear. 

16 


242 


I  — AGRICULTURE. 


The  main  platform  timber  S  S  (fig.  7)  lies  parallel  with  the  finger- 
bar  E  B,  and  extends  farther  inwards  towards  the  driving  wheel  A 
than  the  finger-bar,  and  connects  with  the  main  frame  of  the  machine 
near  the  driving  wheel,  by  means  of  the  slotted  hanger  H.  This 
arrangement  is  intended  to  bring  much  of  the  weight  of  the  platform 
upon  the  driving  wheel,  and,  on  account  of  the  connection  to  the 
finger-bar,  to  prevent,  to  a  certain  extent,  the  finger-bar  and  knives 
from  bending  or  springing  when  cutting. 

The  upright  part  of  clamp  F  e  locks  into  the  foundation  or  runner 
part  F  o  at  n,  (figs.  2  and  9,)  and,  when  the  bolts  t  r  are  fastened,  the 
finger-bar  is  held  as  in  a  vice,  without  bolts  passing  through  it.  The 
bottom  of  the  runner  F  o  has  a  slight  rib  r  s ,  (figs.  8  and  9,)  which  rib 
becomes  indented  in  the  finger-bar,  so  as  to  prevent  the  finger-bar  from 
slipping  m  the  clamp,  when  in  use,  if  by  any  cause  the  compression 
should  become  too  slight  to  hold  it  securely. 

A  second  angle  is  also  made  in  the  brace-bar  c  r,  by  which  an 
opening  is  made  behind  the  cutters,  and  between  the  brace-bar  c  r 
and  the  plate  part  h  m  of  the  guard  (figs.  5,  8,  and  1).  This  open 
work  construction  of  the  guards  is  to  facilitate  the  escape  of  any  fine 
grass,  &c.,  which  may  be  drawn  in  between  the  cutters  and  the  guards. 
It  is  also  intended  to  allow  the  brace-bars  of  the  separate  guards  to 
come  together,  so  that,  when  a  full  set  of  guards  are  on  the  finger-bar, 
they  mutually  brace  and  support  each  other,  one  of  the  outside  guards 
bracing  against  the  clamp,  and  the  other  against  the  outside  shoe. 

The  inventor  says  :  To  the  connecting  rod  and  coupling  boxes  herein 

described  I  make  no  claim  herein. 

Claim . — 1.  I  claim  .the  combination  of  the  gear  key  D  with  the 
gearing,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

2.  I  claim  the  extension  of  the  platform  timber  S  S  beyond  the 
finger-bar,  so  as  to  connect  it  to  the  main  frame  ol  the  machine  near 
the  driving  wheel,  with  the  view  of  giving  strength  and  siiffness  to  the 
platform,  and  bring  its  weight  as  much  as  possible  on  the  main  irame 
near  the  driving  wheel,  substantially  as  herein  set  forth. 

3.  I  claim,  as  improvements  upon  the  clamp,  the  locks  n  ana  r  s, 
substantially  as  herein  described. 

4.  I  claim  the  improvement  of  the  second  angle  c  r,  in  the  brace-bar 
of" the  guard  finger,  substantially  as  herein  described. 


No.  12,745.— -Philo  Sylla. — Improvement  in  Grain  and  Grass  Har¬ 
vesters.- — Patented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  11.) 

In  this  machine  the  sickle  bar  can  be  raised  and  lowered  without 
inclining  the  guard  fingers,  but  carry  them  level  with  the  ground,  in 
which  position  a  sickle  always  cuts  best,  or  at  any  given  inclination, 
and  at  any  desired  height  from  the  ground.  Lever  E  is  hinged  at  F 
to  cross-bar  A,  and  the  front  end  of  lever  E  is  hinged  in  H  to^the  rear 
edge  of  sickle-bar  G.  Lever  I  is  pivoted  in  a  to  the  rail  D.  The  front 
end  of  lever  I  is  hinged  in  J  to  the  front  edge  of  sickle  bar  G,  at  the 
corner  diagonally  opposite  to  hinge  H,  so  that  the  sickle  bar  may  be 


I —AGRICULTURE. 


243 


raised  or  lowered  without  the  guard  fingers,  fastened  to  the  sickle-bar, 
'changing  materially  the  angle  they  form  with  the  ground.  The  con¬ 
struction  of  the  reel  o  with  a  journal  N  on  one  end,  and  a  short  driving 
shaft  Q  on  the  other  end,  and  without  a  long  central  shaft,  is  apparent 
from  the  figure  s.  This  arrangement  is  to  do  away  with  the  difficul¬ 
ties  attending  central  shafts,  as  the  grain  frequently  gets  wound  around 
them,  unless  using  very  large  reels. 

Claim . — 1.  Hanging  the  sickle- stock  G  to  the  ends  of  the  levers  E 
and  I,  which  carry  it,  by  means  of  the  hinges  H  and  J,  or  their  equiva¬ 
lents  located  at  the  diagonal  corners  of  said  stock,  substantially  as 
described,  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

2.  Making  the  reel  with  a  journal  at  each  end,  and  without  a  shaft 
through  its  centre,  as  described. 


No.  12,756.— Jearum  Atkins  .-—Improvement  in  Platforms  of  Grain 

Harvesters. — Patented  April  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  12.) 

The  cut  grain  falls  across  the  ribs  a  of  platform  A,  leaving  a  small 
space  between  the  straw  and  the  surface  of  the  platform.  As  the 
rake  moves  from  position  fig.  3  to  position  fig.  2,  the  rake  passes 
around  the  straw;  and  the  ribs  serving  to  elevate  the  cut  grain  or  straw 
from  the  surface  of  the  platform,  the  teeth  of  the  rake  pass  under  the 
straw,  and  enable  the  rake  effectually  to  gather  the  same. 

Claim. — The  bars  or  ribs,  or  their  equivalent,  on  the  platform  of 
reapers  in  rear  of  the  knife,  in  combination  with  a  rake  actuated  by 
hand  or  by  machinery,  and  moving  above  the  platform;  the  ribs  being 
either  straight  or  curved,  but  parallel,  or  nearly  so,  to  the  travel  of  the 
teeth  of  the  rake. 


No.  12, 768.-™ Abner  Whiteley. — Improvement  in  attaching  Wheels  to 

Harvesters  and  other  machines,— Patented  April  24,  1855.  (Plates, 

p.  12.) 

To  adjust  the  wheel  a  to  different  heights,  the  stud  e  of  axle  h  is  in¬ 
serted  into  one  of  the  holes  1,  2,  3,  of  bar  F,  and  the  nutg  is  screwed 
in,  thereby  forming  an  attachment,  plainly  represented  in  the  fig.  3. 
The  operator  can  effect  this  adjustment  when  standing  outside  ol  the 
machine,  without  any  danger  in  case  the  team  should  start. 

Claim. — The  simultaneous  attachment  of  the  wheel  a  to  or  on  the 
axle  6,  and  the  axle  h  to  the  plate  /,  by  means  of  the  boltg,  in  combi¬ 
nation,  respectively,  with  the  stud  e  and  washer  c,  as  described. 


No.  12, 769.™ Abner  Whiteley. — Improvements  in  Harvesters . — Pat¬ 
ented  April  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  12.) 

The  arrangement,  referred  to  in  the  fifth  claim,  consists  in  furnishing 
the  sickle-bar  h  with  a  groove  U  extending  through  the  divider  Z,  and 
extending  to  the  first  finger  b — for  the  end  of  the  sickle  to  play  out  of 
the  divider,  and  return  in,  so  as  to  cut  with  a  short  sickle,  and  permit 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


244 

the  grain-wheel  S  to  occupy  the  position  described  in  the  third  and 
fourth  claims. 

The  finger  a ,  referred  to  in  the  sixth  claim,  serves  to  remove  part  of 
the  grain  that  accumulates  in  the  corner,  to  the  next  space  to  be  cut. 

The  teeth  d  are  formed,  as  indicated  in  the  seventh  claim,  in  order 
to  retain  the  thickness  of  the  plate  and  a  close  shear-edge.  (See  fig.  2.) 

The  alternate  spaces  e  and/ in  the  rear  of  the  sickle-bar  and  teeth, 
(referred  to  in  the  eighth  claim,)  are  for  the  purpose  of  permitting  any 
grass  or  grain,  that  may  accumulate  on  top  of  the  teeth,  to  pass  back 
and  drop  out ;  as  while  the  bar  rests  against  the  shoulder  of  one  finger, 
the  space  is  open  at  the  other:  the  sickle  h ,  working  obliquely  in 
the  fingers,  is  inclined  to  work  all  rubbish  back,  where  it  can  drop 
out. 

The  cone  t  on  knee-lever  O  (ninth  claim)  operates  the  lever  Y  to 
latch  the  rake  K.  Said  lever  O  is  provided  with  a  slot  to  permit  it  to 
slide  freely  on  shaft  N,  and,  when  moved  by  the  knee  to  the  right,  it 
throws  the  end  of  lever  Y  out  from  the  shaft  N,  lever  Y  being  pivoted 
an  M,  and  causes  the  end  of  lever  Y  to  project  far  enough  to  catch  the 
rake  K,  and  retain  it  until  lever  O  is  removed  to  let  the  rake  discharge 
the  sheaf. 

The  guides  R  R,  (tenth  claim,)  provided  with  springs  on  their  outer 
sides,  are  for  the  rake  K  to  returnon  after  delivering  the  sheaf,  and  pre¬ 
vent  it  from  swinging  back  and  coming  in  contact  with  the  falling 
grain,  said  guides  closing  in  behind  it  after  it  has  passed  between 
them ;  thus  it  has  to  move  up  the  rear  of  the  guides,  until  it  gets  too 
high  to  catch  the  falling  grain  as  it  passes  into  the  reel  again. 

These  reel-rods  L  L1  L  are  connected  to  shaft  N  by  arms  M  M 
M,  the  fourth  one  is  connected  by  angular  arms  E  to  shaft  N.  Reel- 
rod  L1  is  made  heavier  than  the  others,  in  order  to  balance  the  rake  K. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  grain  has  been  reeled  down, 
cuty  carried  over  the  platform,  and  discharged  in  a  continuously 
straight  line,  parallel  to  the  line  of  draft;  and  I  am  aware  that  curved 
and  bent  platforms,  and  platforms  oblique,  not  only  to  the  line  of  draft, 
but  also  to  the  reel  and  finger-bar,  have  been  used  to  discharge  the 
grain  behind  the  master-wheel,  or  otherwise  remove  it  from  the  stand¬ 
ing  grain. 

But  I  .claim,  1.  The  above  described  arrangement  of  reel  L  M, 
cutting  apparatus  and  platform  J,  all  oblique  to  the  line  of  draft, 
or  reel  acting  obliquely  over  any  platform,  or  any  other  substantially 
equivalent  device,  whereby  the  grain  is  at  once  reeled  down,  cut,  and 
conveyed  over  the  platform  in  a  continuously  straight  line ,  and  at  the 
same  time  delivered  at  a  sufficient  distance  from  the  standing  grain  to 
permit  the  passage  of  the  horses  between  it  and  the  cut  grain,  when 
(jutting  the  next  swath. 

2.  So  placing  the  reel,  as  above  described,  that  the  reel-rods  will 
strike  the  grain,  when  they  enter  it,  outside  of  the  line  x  y,  passing 
through  the  point  of  the  divider  Z,  and  parallel  to  the  line  of  draft. 

3.  Placing  the  grain-wheel  S  in  a  plane  intersecting  the  line  of 
draft,  so  that  it  may  deliver  or  counteract  the  side-draft,  as  above  set 
forth. 


I. - AGRICULTURE. 


245 


\ 


4.  Placing  the  axis  of  the  grain- wheel  (when  so  located  in  a  plane 
intersecting  the  line  of  draft)  in  a  plane  Z  Z,  which  passes  vertically 
through  the  centre  of  the  master- wheel  A,  so  that  it  may,  at  the  same 
time,  give  ease  in  turning  at  the  corners,  as  above  set  forth. 

5.  The  combination  of  the  metal  groove  U  and  the  sickle  &,  (the 
length  of  which  is  that  of  the  cut  of  the  machine,)  for  the  purpose  of 
enabling  me  to  place  the  grain-wheel  opposite  the  end  of  the  sickle-, 
and,  at  the  same  time,  with  its  point  of  bearing  on  the  ground,  within 
the  space  cleared  by  the  divider,  as  set  forth  and  described. 

6.  The  longer  and  divergent  finger  next  to  the  divider,  substantially 
as  and  for  the  purposes  above  set  forth  and  described. 

7.  The  sickle-tooth  d ,  serrated  on  the  smooth  side  and  bevelled  on 
the  other,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  above  set  forth  and 
described. 

8.  The  alternate  spaces  in  the  rear  of  the  sickle-bar  and  teeth,  con> 
hined  with  the  shoulders  on  the  fingers,  against  which  the  sickle-bar 
works,  for  the  purpose  of  alternating  the  bearings,  as  and  for  the  pur¬ 
poses  above  set  forth  and  described. 

9.  The  cone  t  on  the  knee-lever  O,  substantially  as  described  and 
for  the  purposes  above  set  forth. 

10.  And,  finally,  disclaiming  the  broad  device  of  guides  to  return  the 
rake  in  a  different  path  from  that  in  which  it  advanced,  I  claim  the 
combination  of  the  rake  K,  swinging  from  one  arm  of  the  reel,  with 
the  spring-plate  guides  R,  by  which,  when  the  rake  has  delivered  the 
grain  at  the  end  of  the  platform,  it  is  prevented  from  swinging  back 
and  coming  in  contact  with  the  falling  grain,  as  described. 


No.  12,824. — T.  N.  Lupton. — Improvement  in  Grain  Harvesters. — Pat¬ 
ented  May  8,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  13.) 

The  grass  or  standing  grain  passes  between  the  upper  fingers  P  and 
the  lower  fingers  Q  ;  and  as  the  lower  fingers  are  placed  in  a  line  be¬ 
tween  the  upper  fingers,  and  the  edges  of  the  two  sets  of  fingers 
slightly  overlap  each  other,  the  grass  or  grain  is  bent  over  and  brought 
within  the  sweep  of  the  revolving  cutters  d ,  and  cut  as  shown  in  fig. 
2.  X  is  the  reel. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  endless  R,  nor  the  inclined 
apron  S,  as  they  have  been  previously  used;  nor  do  I  claim  the  device 
for  giving  motion  to  the  working  parts,  as  that  is  common  to  the  gene¬ 
rality  of  harvesters. 

But  I  do  claim ,  the  employment  or  use  of  the  cutters  d ,  placed  on 
the  rotating  shaft  M,  in  combination  with  the  two  sets  of  fingers  P  Q* 
the  above  parts  being  constructed,  arranged,  and  operating  in  the  man¬ 
ner  and  for  the  purpose  as  herein  shown  and  described. 


No.  12,825. — John  H.  Manny. — Improvement  in  Grass  and  Grain  Har~ 
vesters. — Patented  May  8,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  13.) 

An  auxiliary  divider  Q,  larger  than  the  fixed  divider  F,  is  arranged 
on  top  of  the  latter  and  attached  to  it  by  a  pin  c,  so  that  it  can 


246 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


removed  when  desired.  The  small  fixed  divider  is  to  be  used  without 
the  auxiliary  divider,  wherever  its  size  is  adequate  to  the  division  of 
the  grass  or  grain  of  moderate  growth.  Wherever  the  grain  is  lodged 
and  entangled  so  that  a  wider  separation  of  that  which  is  to  be  cut 
from  that  which  is  to  be  left  standing  is  necessary,  the  auxiliary  divider 
is  brought  into  use.  The  rear  end  of  the  upper  horizontal  part  of  the 
auxiliary  divider  abuts  against  the  front  end  of  the  shield  board  h. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  a  removeable  auxiliary  divider  with  a 
fixed  divider,  substantially  as  herein  set  forth. 


No.  1*2,888. — Benjamin  S.  Nicholson,  administrator  of  the  estate  of 
John  F.  Nicholson,  deceased. — Improvement  in  Grain  Harvesters . — 
Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  13.) 

The  platform  K,  over  which  the  cut  grain  passes,  extends  obliquely 
to  the  back  corner  of  the  frame,  immediately  behind  the  shafts  L,  for 
the  animal  to  draw  the  machine  by  ;  thus  the  grain  is  deposited  on  the 
ground  behind  the  machine,  and  in  a  line  out  of  the  track  of  the  horse 
in  its  return. 

Claim. — Making  the  space  K,  through  which  the  grain  passes,  in 
the  form  of  a  rhombus,  for  the  purpose  of  depositing  the  grain  in  a 
line,  out  of  the  track  of  the  horse,  as  described. 


No.  12,907. — Jonathan  Haines. — Improvement  in  Grain  Harvesters . — 

Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  13.) 

The  platform  is  connected  with  the  finger  bar  by  hinges  a.  By 
suspending  the  platform  (by  means  of  chain  G)  near  the  corner  op¬ 
posite  to  comer  H,  this  latter  will  sink  lower  than  the  suspended  one, 
and  thus  give  a  winding  or  sloping  direction  towards  PI,  which  is  the 
point  from  which  the  grain  is  raked  from  the  platform,  and  conse¬ 
quently  facilitate  the  raking  to  that  point.  By  extending  the  platform 
beyond  the  cutters  next  the  driving  wheel  D,  it  admits  of  the  gavel 
being  first  raked  on  to  said  extended  point  D,  whence  it  is  slid  off  im¬ 
mediately  in  the  rear;  the  dragging  platform  having  pressed  down 
the  stubble  for  the  purpose,  so  that  the  gavel  shall  lie  on  top  of  the 
stubble. 

Claim. — So  hinging  the  platform  C  to  the  finger-bar  F  and  frame 
A,  as  to  facilitate  the  raking,  break  down  the  stubble,  and  leave  the 
gavels  in  better  condition  to  be  gathered  by  the  binders,  substantially 
in  the  manner  above  set  forth  and  described. 


No.  12,963.— FRANcrs  Peabody. — Improved  Grain  Harvester . — Pat¬ 
ented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  13.) 

The  horses  are  placed  at  the  side  of  the  driving  wheel,  to  prevent 
the  side  drag ;  the  cutter  board  D  is  attached  to  the  bottom  of  the 
mould-board  PI ;  the  parts  which  transfer  the  motion  from  the  driving 


I.  — AGRICULTURE. 


247 


wheel  to  the  cutter  bar  (to  wit,  the  friction  rollers  d  sliding  along  the 
undulating  side  of  the  driving  wheel)  operate  within  the  space  en¬ 
closed  by  the  mould-board,  and  are  thus  protected  from  being  impeded 
by  the  grass  already  cut.  The  cutters  can  be  raised  or  lowered  by 
screwing  or  unscrewing  the  nut  m,  thereby  depressing  or  elevating  the 
rear  end  of  the  frame  B  ;  the  spiral  spring  i  serves  to  keep  the  end  of 
frame  B  close  up  to  the  nut. 

Claim. — Placing  the  horses  at  the  side  of  the  driving  wheel,  as  des¬ 
cribed,  wiien  the  cutters  are  placed  in  front  thereof,  in  the  manner  and 
for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

Second.  I  claim  the  mould-board  H,  in  combination  with  the  device 
employed  for  the  purpose  of  vibrating  the  cutter  bar,  when  this  device 
is  placed  immediately  behind  the  mould-board,  and  is  connected  with 
the  cutter  by  attachments  either  to  the  centre  or  to  both  ends  of  the 
same,  whereby  a  steadier  motion  of  the  cutter  bar  is  produced,  and 
the  parts  which  transmit  the  motion  from  the  driving  wheel  thereto 
are  covered  and  protected  from  being  clogged  by  the  grass,  in  the 
manner  set  forth. 

Third.  I  claim  the  described  spring  regulator,  constructed  and  ope¬ 
rating  in  the  manner  substantially  as  described,  for  the  purpose  of 
adjusting  the  distance  of  the  knives  from  the  ground,  as  set  torth. 


No.  12,980. — Courtl and  Wilson  and  Wm.  Moore,  jr. — Improvement 
in  Mowing  Machines.— Patented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  13.) 

One  end  of  the  cam  lever  e  is  furnished  with  clamps  i  and  friction 
rollers  h .  The  object  of  these  clamps  is  to  clasp  the  sides  of  the  cam 
p.  The  stop  if,  when  turned  down,  causes  the  clamps  i  to  come 
nearly  together  and  clasp  the  sides  of  the  cam  p .  The  springs  i 
assist  in  fastening  the  clamps  i  in  their  places,  when  the  stop  K  is 
turned  down.  In  fig-  2,  the  stop  K  is  represented  turned  up,  so  as  to 
allow  the  clamps  to  spread,  so  that  they  will  not  operate  on  the  cam 
p.  Fig.  1  represents  the  stop  turned  down. 

Claim. — The  application  of  the  spring  prongs  or  jaws  i  il  and  clamp 
K,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  12,999. — Andrew  Deity  and  Jno.  G.  Dunham.— Improvement  in 
Reaping  and  Mowing  Machines . — Patented  June  5,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  13.) 

The  inventors  say:  We  are  aware  that  the  cutter  bar  has  been  worked 
by  the  action  of  cams  on  the  surface  of  the  driving  wheel,  by  means 
of  rollers  set  in  levers,  when  such  rollers  clamp  the  wheel  between 
them,  as  in  our  former  patent  of  March  27,  1855,  and  also  when  the 
lever  extends  across  the  face  of  the  wheel;  but  in  the  former  case  the 
mechanical  arrangement  is  necessarily  somewhat  complicated,  and  in 
the  latter  case  the  great  length  of  the  levers,  from  their  points  or  centre 
of  oscillation,  renders  ihem  liable  to  vibration,  and  tends  to  spread  the 
machine,  and  thus  interferes  with  and  prevents  the  proper  and  effectual 
transmission  of  motion  to  the  cutter  bar,  and  an  additional  lever  is  also 


248 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


necessary  to  connect  the  one  extending  across  the  lace  of  the  wheel 
with  the  cutter  bar,  thus  complicating  the  whole  arrangement ;  and 
we,  therefore,  do  not  now  claim  either  of  the  above  modes  or  ways  of 
working  the  cutter  bar. 

But  we  claim  the  use,  for  the  purpose  of  transferring  motion  from 
the  driving-wheel  to  the  cutter  bar,  of  a  short  lever  B,  the  centre  of 
of  oscillation  of  which  is  over  the  cam  flange  itself;  the  rollers  being 
bat  a  cam  and  a  half  apart,  or  its  equivalent,  the  whole  arranged 
substantially  as  described.  (See  engravings.) 


No.  13,00-1. — M.  G.  Hubbard.. — Improvement  in  Grain  and  Grass  Har¬ 
vesters. — Patented  June  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  13.) 

As  this  machine  has  no  bed  for  the  cutter  to  slide  on,  the  cutter  bar 
must  be  made  stronger  than  usual.  It  is  made  of  angle  iron,  its  back 
being  bent  upwards ;  against  this  back  elevation  the  cutters  h  abut,  and 
are  held  steady  by  a  single  bolt  i,  so  as  to  be  readily  removed  when 
necessary. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  claim  the  employment  of  the  fingers  to  each 
knife  or  sickle  blade,  for  the  purpose  of  dividing  the  cutting  force  ex¬ 
pended  at  each  stroke  of  the  cutter  bar,  and  also  preserving  more  per¬ 
fectly  the  cutters  from  injury,  by  keeping  stones,  &c.,  from  coming  ill 
contact  therewith. 

I  do  not  claim  the  general  device  of  making  bars  of  angle  iron,  fcr 
the  purpose  of  lightness  and  rigidity ;  but  the  making  the  cutter  bar  of 
angle  iron,  for  the  purpose  of  attaining  at  the  same  time  both  the  above 
advantages,  and  a  shoulder  against  which  to  abut  the  knives,  so  that  a 
single  hold  to  each  will  securely  hold  them,  substantially  as  and  for 
the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,102. — John  Richardson. —  Improvement  in  Producing  Intermittent 
Acceleration  of  Motion  in  Harvester  Rakes ,  fyc. — Patented  June  19, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  14.) 

When  the  projection  a  on  drum  H  passes  beyond  the  contact  with 
the  wheel  V,  the  drum  H  and  chain-wheel  J  (which  transmits  motion 
to  the  crank  shaft  L  actuating  the  rake)  are  driven  with  the  ordinary 
velocity  of  the  shaft  F,  by  means  of  the  rack  and  pawl  I  h.  But  when 
the  projection  a  meets  the  wheel  Y,  (having  an  India  rubber  or  similar 
yielding  periphery,)  the  pawl  slips  over  the  ratchet ;  and  the  drum,  rat¬ 
chet,  and  chain- wheel  being  then  loose  on  shaft  F,  they  are  free  to  turn 
with  a  velocity  due  to  the  circumference  of  the  wheel  V. 

The  inventor  says :  1  am  aware  that  an  accelerated  motion  has  been 
given  to  grain  rakes  or  harvesting  machines ;  this  I  do  not  claim. 

But  I  claim  a  device  for  producing  an  accelerated  motion,  whether  in 
rakes  or  for  other  purposes,  said  device  consisting  of  the  cam  a  on  the 
drum  H,  and  the  latch  and  pawl  I  6,  and  friction  wheel  V ,  arranged  and 
operating  substantially  as  set  forth. 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


249 


No.  13,147. — Stephen  Hull. — Improvement  in  Attaching  the  Raker's 

Scat  to  Harvesters. — Patented  June  26,  1855. 

The  raker’s  seat  is  fastened  on  the  bar  g,  near  the  inside  of  frame  k, 
for  the  purpose  of  causing  the  weight  of  the  raker  to  rest  as  much  as 
possible  on  the  frame  k,  outside  of  the  driving  wheel,  for  the  purpose 
of  relieving  the  cutters  or  finger  bar  of  all  unnecessary  weight.  The 
platform  i  rests  on  said  bar  g. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  to  be  the  original  inventor  of  the 
raker’s  seat,  nor  of  any  of  the  different  parts  of  the  machine,  irrespec¬ 
tive  of  the  manner  in  which  they  are  combined  and  fastened  together. 

But  I  claim  the  placing  or  fastening  of  the  raker’s  seat  on  the  bar 
g, ,  by  means  of  a  bar  of  iron  or  steel,  or  any  other  equivalent  device, 
near  the  inside  of  the  main  frame,  in  such  a  manner  that  the  weight  of 
the  raker,  when  on  his  seat,  will  rest  on  the  bar,  substantially  as  set 
forth. 


No,  13,149. — John  H.  Manny. — Improvement  in  the  Cutters  of  Har¬ 
vesters. — Patented  June  26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  14.) 

A  series  of  angular  notches  b  are  formed  on  the  under  side  of  the 
sickle  at  its  rear  edge ;  the  side  1  of  each  notch  is  inclined  at  an  angle 
of  about  twenty  degrees  to  the  side  of  the  sickle  ;  and  the  side  2  of  the 
notch  is  at  right  angles  to  the  sides  of  the  sickle.  While  the  blade  is 
vibrating  in  one  direction,  the  inclined  side  of  the  notch  will  tend  to 
rise  upon  and  pass  over  a  fibre  or  other  obstruction,  while  on  its  vibra¬ 
tion  back  in  the  opposite  direction,  the  vertical  or  square  side  of  the 
notch  will  catch  and  pull  along  the  fibre  entangled  upon  the  finger ;  in 
this  way  the  fibres  that  tend  to  entangle  the  blade  and  guard  fingers 
are  kept  constantly  moving  along  until  they  are  carried  out  by  the  motion 
of  the  sickle.  The  clearing  hook  c,  at  each  end  of  the  sickle,  draws  out 
and  discharges  the  fibres  from  the  apertures  which  form  the  bearings 
for  the  end  of  the  sickle  in  the  divider  and  guards,  and  thus  prevent 
the  clogging  of  the  ends  of  the  sickle. 

Claim. — Constructing  the  cutters  of  harvesters  with  clearing  notches, 
of  the  form  described. 

Also,  the  combination  of  clearing  hooks  with  the  cutters  of  harvesters* 
substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,150. — John  H.  Manny. — Improvement  in  the  Guard- Fingers  of 

Harvesters. — Patented  June  26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  14.) 

The  neck  of  the  lower  part  of  the  guard  finger  is  placed  obliquely, 
in  order  to  diminish  the  tendency  of  grass,  &c.,  to  lodge.  The  engrav¬ 
ings  represent  a  bottom  view  of  the  fingers. 

Claim. — Forming  the  fingers  with  an  oblique  neck  c,  arranged  sufc 
stantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


250 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


No.  13,159.— Gardner  A.  Bruce. — Improvement  in  Harvester  Reels.- 

Patented  July  3,  1855. 

The  bars  b  of  the  reel,  in  consequence  of  swinging  on  pivots  c ,  en 
ter  or  descend  into  the  grass  .vertically,  and  yield  in  a  measure  during 
the  action  upon  it. 

I  claim  constructing  the  bars  b  of  the  reel  E  as  shown,  viz  :  hav¬ 
ing  the  pivots  c  at  the  end  of  said  bars  placed  at  the  edges  of  the 
ends,  and  fitted  loosely  in  holes  at  the  ends  of  the  radial  arms  d,  so 
that  the  bars  may,  by  their  own  gravity,  remain  in  a  vertical  position 
as  the  reel  rotates,  for  the  purpose  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,160. — Sylvester  Colburn. — Improvement  in  Grain  and  Grass 

Harvesters . — Patented  July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  14.) 

The  cutters  D  work  between  the  plates  h  and  the  under  surface  of 
a.  The  springs  g  keep  the  upper  edges  of  the  plates  h  in  contact  with 
the  edges  of  the  cutters,  and  thus  prevent  clogging  and  keep  the  cut¬ 
ters  sharp. 

I  claim  the  emnloyment  of  the  elastic  plates  h ,  fitted  within  the  fin¬ 
gers  B,  and  acted  upon  by  springs  g,  arranged  substantially  as  shown, 
for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,173. — Wm.  H.  Hovey. — Improvement  in  Grain  and  Grass  Har¬ 
vesters. — Patented  July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  14.) 

When  the  sickle  bar  E  receives  a  reciprocating  motion,  and  the  cut¬ 
ters  f  work  on  the  pivots  g,  the  edges  of  the  cutters  act  against  the  edges 
of  the  plates  d  and  cut  similar  to  shears,  while  the  clearers  i  work  in 
the  recesses  c,  in  consequence  of  their  bar  F  being  attached  1o  the  cut¬ 
ters  by  the  pivot  j.  The  clearers  keep  the  recesses  c  free  from  grass, 
and  prevent  the  choking  or  clogging  of  the  sickle.  The  two  sectional 
figures  are  on  a  larger  scale  than  the  plan. 

Claim. — The  employment  of  the  “clearers”  i  attached  to  the  bar  F, 
and  working  in  the  recesses  c  of  the  fingers  b ,  for  the  purpose  of  pre¬ 
venting  the  choking  or  clogging  of  the  sickle  as  shown  ;  the  bar  F 
being  connected  to  one  or  more  of  the  cutters  f  by  pivots  j,  by  which 
motion  is  communicated  to  them. 


No.  13,176. — James  Little  and  Wylie  Little. — Improvement  in  at¬ 
taching  the  Connecting- Bar  to  the  Cutters  of  Harvesters. — Patented 
July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  14.) 

Claim. — Connecting  the  pitman  or  connecting  rod  G  to  the  sickle  bar 
F,  by  means  of  the  cylindrical  projection  i  on  the  end  of  said  bar,  and 
the  loopy  at  the  end  of  the  connecting  rod,  as  shown;  whereby  the  pit¬ 
man  may  be  readily  connected  to,  and  detached  from,  the  bar  F ,  and  at 
the  same  time  a  durable  connection  or  attachment  of  the  bar  and  pit¬ 
man  obtained. 


I. — AGRICULTURE,  251 

No.  13,181. — Samuel  Rockafellow. — Improvement  in  Mowing  Ma¬ 
chines. — Patented  July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  14.) 

By  operating  the  arm  S,  the  lever  Q  will  raise  or  depress  the  side 
piece  a,  and  also  the  finger  bar  K  and  cutters  attached  to  it.  Arm  S 
may  be  secured  at  any  desired  point  by  pawl  Y,  the  lower  end  of  which 
bears  upon  segment  guides  V  V,  on  the  frame  A  of  the  machine. 

Claim. — Raising  and  depressing  the  finger  bar  K,  and  consequently 
the  cutters  e f  by  means  of  the  vertical  bars  M  M,  having  wheels  O 
O  at  their  lower  ends,  arm  P,  attached  to  the  cross-piece  N  of  the  bars 
M  M,  lever  O  and  shaft  R,  with  its  arm  S  attached.  The  above  parts 
being  arranged  substantially  as  shown  and  described. 


No.  13,205. — Jonathan  F.  Barrett. — Improved  Method  of  Raising 
and  Lowering  the  Cutters  of  Harvesters. — Patented  July  10,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  14.) 

When  it  is  desirable  to  raise  the  cutters  above  the  ground,  the  driver 
(sitting  on  seat  I)  depresses  with  his  foot  rod  h  f  thereby  lifting  the 
front  end  of  lever  M,  and  elevating  the  cutter  bar  K. 

Claim.- — Connecting  the  front  of  the  frame  with  a  lever  M,  arranged 
and  operated  substantially  as  set  forth,  for  effecting  the  elevation  of 
the  cutters  for  the  passage  of  obstacles,  by  the  driver’s  foot,  as 
specified. 


No.  13,226. — Isaac  Irvine  Hite,  assignor  to  Washington  F.  Pagett. 

Improvement  in  Harvesters. — Patented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  14.) 

The  raker,  instead  of  walking  alongside  of  the  machine,  takes  his 
place  in  or  on  the  stand  or  seat  B,  which  is  attached  to  the  harvesting 
machine  at  the  rear  edge  of  the  platform  A. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  a  raker’s  seat  or  stand  with  McCor¬ 
mick’s  machine  for  cutting  grain  and  gathering  it  upon  a  platform. 


No.  13,246. — Abner  Whiteley. — Improvements  in  Grainand  Grass  Har¬ 
vesters. — Patented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  15.) 

For  mowing,  one  (u)  of  the  two  bolts  that  connect  the  tongue  a 
to  the  frame  C  is  taken  out,  thus  constituting  the  other  bolt  a  fulcrum 
or  joint  for  the  tongue  and  frame  to  turn  about.  By  moving  lever / 
into  any  one  of  the  notches  of  plate  c,  (the  shaft  of  wheel  A  being  the 
fulcrum  on  which  frame-lever  c  works,  and  the  frame-lever  c  being 
fastened  to  the  front  end  of  frame  C  by  link  g,)  the  front  edge  of  the 
finger  bar  H,  which  carries  the  fingers  and  cutters,  can  be  raised  or 
lowered,  and  thus  the  angle  of  the  cut  be  changed,  while  the  team  is 
in  motion. 

To  adapt  the  machine  to  reaping,  the  bolt  u  is  to  be  thrown  in, 
thereby  forming  a  stiff  connection  between  tongue  and  frame,  which 


252 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


will  allow  the  wheel  A  to  ascend  or  descend  without  affecting  the  fin¬ 
ger  bar  and  cutters ;  the  heads  of  the  boxes  t  of  the  wheel  A  playing 
up  and  down  in  the  slots  in  the  plates  S,  to  suit  the  unevenness  of  the 
ground.  The  circular  part  of  said  slots  retains  the  cog-wheel  o  in 
gear  with  the  pinion;  but  when  the  frame  is  so  elevated  as  to  cause 
the  heads  of  the  boxes  t  to  pass  into  the  reverse  part  of  said  slots, 
then  the  pinion  will  be  thrown  out  of  gear. 

The  inventor  says:  I  claim ,  first.  So  constructing  the  machine,  that 
when  the  joint  between  the  tongue  and  frame  is  flexible,  the  latter  may, 
while  the  team  is  in  motion,  be  raised  and  lowered  in  a  sector  of  a 
circle  whose  centre  is  the  finger  bar,  and  thereby  enable  the  operator 
at  once  to  change  the  angle  of  cut ;  and  this  I  claim,  irrespective  of  the 
mechanical  device  by  which  the  motion  is  produced. 

Second.  The  frame-lever  c  c ,  provided  with  means  of  fixing  its  po¬ 
sition  at  will,  and  linked,  as  described,  to  the  main  frame  C  C,  in  com¬ 
bination  with  the  guiding  slotted  plate  S  S,  as  a  means,  when  used  with 
the  flexible  joint  between  the  tongue  and  frame  (for  mowing)  of  oscil¬ 
lating  the  frame  about  the  finger  bar  as  a  centre,  and  thus  varying  the 
angle  of  cut ;  and  when  used  with  a  rigid  joint,  (for  reaping,)  of  raising 
and  depressing  the  frame  and  finger  bar. 

Third.  The  combination  with  the  links  g g  of  the  receding  curve  in 
the  bottom  of  the  slots  in  plates  S  S,  in  which  the  axis  of  the  driving- 
wheel  plays,  or  of  their  equivalents  respectively;  for  the  purpose  of 
enabling  the  driver  to  throw  the  cutter  pinion  out  of  gear,  substantially 
as  described. 

Fourth.  Suspending  the  main  frame  C  C  and  its  attachments  from 
the  driving  shaft,  substantially  in  the  manner  set  forth  and  described ; 
in  order  that,  whether  used  in  reaping  or  mowing,  the  driving-wheel 
and  the  finger  bar  may  be  independently  adjustable,  and  the  wheel 
may  rise  over  obstructions,  or  descend  into  depressions,  without  alter¬ 
ing  the  angle  of  cut,  or  otherwise  affecting  the  cutters. 


No.  13,285. — David  Watson. — Improvement  in  Harvesters. — Patented 

July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  15.) 

Figure  1  represents  a  plan  of  the  machine.  I  is  the  cutter  recipro¬ 
cating  between  the  fingers  m,  the  arrow  indicating  the  line  of  motion  of 
the  harvester.  This  oblique  arrangement  of  the  cutters  allows  them  to 
be  much  longer  than  when  arranged  at  right  angles  with  the  line  of 
motion  for  the  same  width  of  cut.  Consequently,  each  finger  has  to 
gather  a  less  quantity  of  straw,  which  is  then  severed  with  greater  ease. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  diagonal  arrangement  of  a 
series  of  rotary  cutters,  or  the  diagonal  cut  of  a  certain  portion  of  one 
or  more  rotary  cutters. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  a  reciprocating  cutter  or  cutters, 
diagonally  to  the  lihe  of  motion  of  the  machine,  substantially  as  speci¬ 
fied. 


I. - AGRICULTURE. 


253 


No.  13,330. — Jesse  Urmy. — Improvements  in  Grain  and  Grass  Har¬ 
vesters. — Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  15.) 

By  raising  or  lowering  the  pinion  r  so  as  to  make  it  gear  with  one  of 
the  ranges  p  of  cogs  on  driving  wheel  C,  the  revolutions  of  the  vertical 
shaft  of  r ,  and,  consequently,  the  reciprocations  of  the  rake  R  (connected 
to  said  shaft  by  a  rod  m  and  eccentric  arm  n)  will  be  more  or  less  rapid. 
The  dividing  board  f  is  horizontally  hinged  so  that  its  inner  edge  can 
be  more  or  less  turned  from  a  vertical  towards  a  horizontal  position, 
thereby  gathering  the  grain  more  or  less  closely. 

The  inventor  says :  First,  in  combination  with  the  driving  wheel 
placed  inside  the  gearing  as  described,  I  claim  the  angular  tongue  i  for 
preventing  side  draught,  and  at  the  same  time  allowing  the  horses  to 
walk  on  the  side  of  the  standing  grass  or  grain. 

2d.  The  described  use  of  the  balanced  dogs  b 1  under  the  driver’s 

feet,  for  throwing  the  cutting  apparatus  in  and  out  of  gear. 

3d.  Making  the  parting  and  gathering  board  f  hinged  and  adjustable, 
as  set  forth. 

4th.  Regulating  the  size  of  the  shears  by  means  of  the  several  ranges 
of  gearingpp  within  the  driving  wheel,  in  combination  with  the  adjust¬ 
able  pinion,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,433. — Robert  J.  Morrison. — Improvement  in  the  Cutting  Ap¬ 
paratus  of  Harvesters, — Patented  August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  15. 

The  lids  d ,  resting  upon  the  moving  cutting  blades  b ,  remove  all 
accumulations  thereon,  and  rise  and  fall  independently  of  each  other. 

Claim. — The  hinging  of  the  lids  and  allowing  them  to  rest,  severally 
and  independently,  upon  the  moving  cutters,  in  the  manner  and  for  the 
purpose  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,438. — Fisk  Russell. — Improvement  in  Harvesters. — Patented 

August  14, 1855.  (Plates,  p.  15.) 

The  front  end  of  lever  G  works  the  knives,  while  the  rear  end  carries 
a  fork  I,  that  is  free  to  turn  in  the  end  of  the  lever,  and  embraces  the 
serpentine  edge  of  the  cam  wheel  F,  and  supports  two  friction  rollers, 
between  which  the  cam  edge  works. 

Claim. — So  arranging  the  rocker  frame  I  that  it  may  rotate  in  the 
end  of  the  lever  G,  while  said  rocker  frame  is  operated  upon  by  the 
serpentine  cam  wheel,  which  it  embraces,  essentially  as  specified. 


No.  13,480. — Charles  Bradfield. — Improvement  in  Harvesters.  Pat¬ 
ented  August  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  15.) 

The  cutters  are  hung  immediately  underneath  the  axle,  and  receive 
their  vibrating  motion  by  means  of  bent  lever  K,  pitman  j,  and  crank  i, 
on  shaft  2,  which  latter  receives  rotary  motion  from  pulley  D,  (on  main 
diving  shaft,)  by  means  of  friction  band  g. 


254 


I.— -AGRICULTURE. 


Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  pulleys  D  E  f  on  and  near  the 
axle,  and  the  finger  and  cutter  bar  underneath  the  axle,  when  the  cut¬ 
ters  are  operated  from  said  pulleys,  through  the  intervention  of  the 
endless  belt  g,  cranks,  pitman,  and  connecting  rod,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,504. — Robert  Beans.— Improvement  in  the  Mechanism  for  chang¬ 
ing  Harvesters  from  Reapers  to  Mowers ,  fyc. — Patented  August  28, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  15.) 

The  cutting  knife  is  attached  to  the  lower  end  of  lever  o.  A  con¬ 
necting  rod  P  passes  from  the  crank  to  the  upper  part  of  lever  o,  and, 
by  attaching  it  at  a  greater  or  less  distance  from  the  centre,  the  operator 
will  be  enabled  to  give  the  cutting  knife  more  or  less  sweep. 

Claim—  The  combination  of  the'  lever  o  and  connecting  rod  P,  with 
any  means  of  altering  the  height  of  the  frame  above  the  cutter-bar,  for 
the  purpose  of  retaining  the  same  relations  between  the  stroke  of  the 
knives  and  the  teeth  or  lingers,  although  the  distance  between  the  head 
of  the  cutter-bar  and  the  crank  be  varied  in  so  doing,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,508.— -John  Thompson.— Improvement  in  Grain  and  Grass  Har¬ 
vesters. — Patented  August '28,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  15.) 

The  axle  h  is  extended  across  the  machine  at  such  height  that  the 
grain  or  grass  may  be  gathered  and  discharged  under  the  axle.  The 
large  wheels  are  intended  to  render  the  draft  easy,  especially  in  rough 
land. 

I  claim  discharging  the  grain  from  the  platform,  between  the  plat¬ 
form  and  the  driving-wheel,  and  under  its  axle,  when  the  same  is  done 
in  connexion  with  a  pair  of  wheels  whose  axle  extends  across  the  ma¬ 
chine,  as  described. 


No.  13,512.— Henry  W aterman. — Improvement  in  Reaping  and  Mow¬ 
ing  Machines — Patented  August  28,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  16.) 

The  cutter-bar  is  connected  at  each  end  by  pivot-joints  to  arms  a  a, 
which  vibrate  about  fixed  centres  h  ;  thus  the  cutters  receive  an  advan¬ 
cing  and  retreating  curvilinear  motion,  which  secures  the  advantage  of 
a  draw-cut,  and  keeps  the  spaces  clear  between  the  knives  and  the 
fingers.  When  sticks,  or  the  like  obstructions,  get  between  the  fingers 
and  knives,  the  spring  of  the  fingers  admits  of  their  being  easily  drag¬ 
ged  out  by  the  retreating  motion  of  the  knife. 

During  the  operation  of  the  machine  the  grain  accumulates  upon  the 
lowermost  cradle  of  the  reel  p,  and  when  a  sufficient  gavel  is  attained, 
the  driver  depresses  the  check-pm  t ,  so  as  to  allow  the  reel  to  re¬ 
volve,  when  the  weight  ol  the  gavel  will  cause  the  reel  to  make  part 
of  a  revolution,  and  the  gavel  drops  upon  the  field.  As  the  grain  is 
laid  across  the  swath  it  is  turned,  so  as  to  lie  in  the  direction  of  the 
swath,  and  be  out  of  the  way  of  the  horses,  by  means  of  a  deflector, 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


255 


■which  is  composed  of  a  flexible  strip  a 1  of  metal  and  of  a  side  C, 
made  in  sections  free  of  each  other,  so  as  to  accommodate  the  flexure 
of  strip  a 1  as  it  passes  over  irregularities  upon  the  surface  of  the  field. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  advancing  and  retreating  cur¬ 
vilinear  motion  of  the  cutter-bar. 

But  I  claim,  the  combination  of  the  two  sets  of  knives  described, 
with  ihe  curvilinear  motion  of  the  cutter-bar. 

I  claim  the  elastic  fingers,  in  combination  with  the  curvilinear  mo¬ 
tion  of  the  cutter-bar. 

I  claim  collecting  and  depositing  the  grain  by  the  revolving  cradles, 
by  the  weight  of  the  grain  laid  upon  them  by  the  reel. 


No.  13,517. — Collins  B.  Brown.— Improvement  in  Mowing  Machines,— 

Patented  September  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  16.) 

The  bolts  j  j  prevent  any  lateral  play  between  the  finger-bar  F 
and  bar  D,  and  the  screws  k  prevent  vertical  play.  By  constructing 
the  frame  B  of  two  metallic  side-pieces,  and  attaching  the  bar  D  and 
draught-pole  to  the  lower  end  of  the  frame,  a  strong  and  simple  framing 
is  obtained. 

Figure  3  represents  a  section,  on  an  enlarged  scale,  of  the  connex¬ 
ion  between  D  and  F. 

I  claim,  first,  attaching  the  finger-bar  F  to  the  bar  D  of  the  frame, 
by  means  of  the  plates  ^  i  placed  each  side  of  the  bars  near  their  ends, 
which  overlap  each  other,  the  plates  being  bound  or  pressed  against 
the  sides  of  the  bars,  by  means  of  screw-bolts  j  j,  which  pass  between 
the  two  bars, — the  ends  of  the  bars  having  screws  or  screw-bolts 
k  k  passing  vertically  through  them. 

2d.  1  claim  constructing  the  frame  of  the  machine  of  two  metallic 
sides  d  d1,  between  which  the  driving-wheel  A  is  placed,  and  attach¬ 
ing  the  bar  D  to  the  lower  ends  of  said  side-pieces ;  and  also  the 
draught-pole  or  tongue  E,  as  shown. 


No.  13,523.— Jonathan  Haines. — Improvement  in  Grass  Harvesters  — 

Patented  September  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  16.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  wfill  be  understood  from  the  claims  and 
engraving. 

The  inventor  says :  Adjustable  seats,  or  seats  that  can  be  adjusted, 
have  been  used  ;  but  to  do  this  the  machine  must  be  stopped,  and  the 
adjustment  when  made  is  permanent :  this  I  do  not  claim. 

But  I  claim,  first,  the  hanging  of  the  cutter  bar  to  the  main  frame  by 
means  of  the  longitudinal  k  and  transverse  rods  m,  so  that  said  cutter 
bar  may  be  free  to  rise  and  fall  to  the  undulations  of  the  ground,  while 
it  is  prevented  from  all  lateral  motion. 

I  also  claim  the  use  of  a  driver’s  seat  when  mounted  on  ways  or 
rails,  so  that  the  driver  can,  at  pleasure,  throw  his  weight  forward  or 
backward,  to  aid  in  balancing  or  relieving  the  cutters,  as  the  variable 
character  of  the  ground  or  condition  of  the  grass  may  require. 


256 


I. - AGRICULTURE. 


No.  13,524. — A.  E.  Kroger. — Improvement  in  Harvesters. — Patented 

September  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  16.) 

As  the  finger  bar  is  attached  to  the  lower  ends  of  the  rods  c  c ,  which 
are  allowed  to  slide  in  holes  in  the  front  bar  a  of  frame  A,  and  as  these 
rods  are  encompassed  by  springs  d1,  either  end  of  the  finger  bar  and 
sickle  may  be  raised,  according  to  which  end  of  the  finger  bar  may 
meet  with  an  obstruction. 

I  claim ,  attaching  the  finger  bar  D  to  the  front  bar  a  of  the  frame 
A,  by  means  of  the  rods  c  c,  which  slide  through  the  ends  of  the  bar 
a .  The  rods  c  c  being  encompassed  by  springs  dl  d1,  as  shown. 


No.  13,545. — John  E.  Heath. — Improvement  in  Harvesting  Machines. — 

Patented  September  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  16.) 

The  friction  roller  m  on  cutter  bar  n  is  operated  by  the  cam-groove 
in  the  driving  wheel  f,  so  as  to  give  the  cutter  bar  (which  is  hung  in 
stirrups  q  r)  a  reciprocating  motion.  The  roller  m  turns  loosely  on  a 
pivot  projecting  from  the  cutter  bar,  at  an  angle  of  about  45  degrees. 
The  bar  x  presses  upon  the  upper  sides  of  the  teeth  t,  which  are  im¬ 
mediately  above  the  fingers  u.  Bent  arms  w  extend  backward  from 
bar  x,  and  are  fastened  to  the  frame  e  by  set-screws.  By  means  of 
these  set-screws  the  pressure  between  the  fingers  and  teeth  can  be  re¬ 
gulated. 

I  claim ,  first,  suspending  the  reciprocating  bar  n  by  means  of  the 
stirrups  q  and  r,  near  the  ground,  in  front  of  or  behind  the  driving 
wheel,  in  or  near  the  same  plane  as  the  finger  board,  in  combination 
with  the  angular  friction  roller,  the  whole  being  arranged  and  operated 
in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

Second.  The  adjustable  pressure  bar  x,  constructed  and  arranged  as 
described,  in  combination  wiih  the  cutter  teeth  t  and  fingers  w,  for  the 
purpose  specified. 


No.  13,565. — Wm.  Burgess. — Improvement  in  Mowing  and  Reaping 

Machines . — Patented  September  18,  1855.  Patented  in  England, 

August  16,  1854.  (Plates,  p.  16.) 

This  invention  consists  in  applying  one  or  more  Archimedean 
screws  A  to  the  platform,  or  other  convenient  part  of  reaping  and 
mowing  machines,  for  the  purpose  of  delivering  the  cut  crop  to  the 
side  of  the  machine,  motion  being  communicated  to  such  screws  from 
some  running  part  of  the  machine. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  a  “  spiral  or  screw”  has  been 
employed  for  the  purpose  of  clearing  the  track,  in  order  that  the 
wheels  may  operate  upon  the  ground  ;  and  I  make  no  claim  to  such  a 
device. 

But  I  claim  as  my  improvement,  in  addition  to  reaping  or  mowing 
machines,  combining  the  Archimedean  screws  with  the  platform 
thereof  for  the  purpose  of  delivering  the  cut  crop  off  from  the  same, 
substantially  in  the  manner  as  described. 


I. — AGRICULTURE.  257 

No.  13,828.-*— John  Reily. — Improvement  in  Harvesting  Machine . — Pat¬ 
ented  November  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  17.) 

The  cutter  guard  G  has  a  slot  h  moveable  upon  pin  Z,  so  that  the 
guard  may  be  drawn  back  by  the  operator  on  seat  Sl  during  the  turn¬ 
ing  of  the  machine  to  prevent  the  beating  down  of  the  standing  grain. 
Spring  n  causes  the  protrusion  of  said  guard  when  rod  m  is  released. 

The  grain  guard  consists  of  an  oblique  standard  p,  to  the  lower  por¬ 
tion  of  which  is  jointed  arm  Q,  having  a  tendency  towards  the  standard 
by  reason  of  a  spring  q.  To  the  upper  end  of  arm  Q  is  jointed  the 
handle  s  of  guard  board  t.  As  the  raker  leans  forward  to  remove 
the  grain  from  the  platform,  his  foot  pressing  upon  stud  r  on  arm  Q, 
the  grain  guard  board  t  is  thrown  foward  in  the  position  shown  irrfig  2. 
During  the  raking,  the  newly  cut  grain  falls  against  board  t,  as  shown 
in  dotted  lines  in  fig  2.  As  the  raker  rises  after  clearing  the  platform, 
the  spring  q  carries  the  board  t  into  position  of  fig.  1,  the  grain  resting 
on  it  falling  upon  the  platform.  In  this  manner  the  falling  grain  does 
not  interfere  with  the  rake. 

Claim*— First,  the  retracting  guard  G,  in  combination  with  the  spring 
n  and  rod  m,  when  constructed,  arranged,  and  operated  from  the  raker’s 
seat,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  specified,  and  not  otherwise. 

Also,  the  grain  guard  P,  when  constructed,  arranged,  and  operated 
in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  specified,  and  not  otherwise. 


No.  13,933. — John  W.  Haggard  and  George  Bull,  assignors  to 
George  Bull,  John  W.  Haggard,  and  Andrew  Newsteter.-— 
Improvement  in  Harvester  Rakers. — Patented  December  11,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  17.) 

Belts  IP  K  passing  over  pulleys  N  N  and  over  shaft  F,  receives  mo¬ 
tion  from  the  latter.  O  is  a  platform  for  the  support  of  the  falling 
grain.  The  plate  T  is  attached  to  both  belts,  and  bar  J  slides  in  open 
brackets  upon  plate  T.  The  rake  teeth  for  collecting  the  grains  pro¬ 
ject  from  bar  J.  Pin  R  prevents  J  from  performing  but  a  part  of  a 
revolution,  and  spring  I  presses  bar  J  into  slot  V ;  so  that  when  the 
belts  are  reversed  in  motion,  the  pin  Z  is  brought  under  the  edge  of 
the  frame  plate  Q1  at  V,  thus  giving  to  J  a  part  of  a  revolution,  so  as 
to  incline  the  rake  teeth  S  to  nearly  a  horizontal  position,  until  the  belts 
have  passed  to  the  opposite  end  at  V,  when,  by  means  of  spring  I,  the 
rake  bar  J  and  teeth  resume  their  vertical  position  for  raking. 

Claim. — -The  plate  O1  having  its  inclined  and  parallel  planes  on  the 
same  sides,  in  combination  with  the  pin  Z,  bar  J,  spring  1,  and  pin  R, 
the  whole  being  constructed,  arranged,  and  operating,  as  described. 


No.  12,269.— Geo.  A.  Brown. — Hay- Making  Machine. — Patented  Jan 
uary  23,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  17.) 

The  spur  gear  j  on  the  driving  wheels  gear  into  pinions  a  on  each 
end  of  the  picker  shaft  c ,  thus  directly  transmitting  the  motion  from  the 

17 


253 


I.— AGRICULTURE. 


driving  shaft  to  the  picker.  The  pinions  are  so  arranged  with  a  dog  c 
and  a  ratchet  wheel  b  (keyed  to  the  picker) ,  that  in  turning  about  when 
only  one  driving  wheel  revolves,  the  dog  may  be  raised  to  let  the  pinion 
turn  loose  without  acting  on  the  picker. 

Claim . — The  construction  of  a  machine  in  manner  and  form  as  de¬ 
scribed,  or  in  any  other  manner  or  form  substantially  the  same,  apply¬ 
ing  the  power  directly  from  the  driving  wheels  to  the  spreading 
apparatus,  thus  saving  the  loss  of  power  caused  by  friction  in  a  series 
of  wheels,  using  coiled  or  spring  teeth,  and  the  application  of  such 
machine  to  the  purpose  of  spreading  and  turning  hay. 


No.  12,72S.- — Francis  Peabody. — Hay-Making  Machine .- — Patented 

April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  17.) 

The  end  pieces  B  of  the  horizontal  rake  C  form  runners,  which  slide 
upon  the  ground  and  guide  the  rake.  The  rake-fingers  C,  etc.,  gather 
up  the  mown  grass,  and  present  it  to  the  revolving  scatterer  H.  The 
scatterer  has  a  rapid  revolving  motion,  opposite  to  the  motion  of  the 
rake,  as  is  apparent  from  figure  3  ;  and  thereby  the  grass  is  all  thrown 
behind  the  machine,  where  it  distributes  itself  eyenly  over  the  ground. 
The  central  driving  wheel,  in  combination  with  the  runners,  is  to  allow 
the  machine  to  be  easily  turned  in  any  direction ;  and  the  runners  being' 
tilted  up  by  any  obstruction  in  the  ground,  will  thereby  protect  the 
fingers  against  being  broken. 

Claim.— -I .  The  within  described  machine  for  making  hay,  consisting 
essentially  of  the  rake  for  gathering  the  grass,  in  combination  with  the 
revolving  scatterer,  constructed  and  operating  in  the  manner  substan¬ 
tially  as  herein  described. 

2.  Revolving  the  scatterer  in  a  direction  contrary  to  that  in  which 
the  machine  moves,  for  the  purpose  herein  set  forth. 

3.  The  employment  of  a  single  wheel  to  carry  and  actuate  the  hay¬ 
maker,  when  this  wheel  is  placed  in  the  centre  of  the  machine,  in  the 
manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,908. — John  K.  Harris.— Improvement  in  Machines  for  Raking 

and  Loading  Hay. — Patented  December  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  18.) 

The  crank  s  t,  in  its  revolution,  will  come  in  contact  with  the  long 
end  of  lever  m,  and,  by  elevating  it,  will  cause  the  forks  K  to  assume 
the  position  shown  in  broken  lines.  The  hay,  previously  gathered  by 
the  forks  in  their  passage  through  the  rake-teeth  E,  will  now  be  lifted 
from  the  ground,  and  clasped  firmly  against  the  front  tie-piece  h  and 
wires  q.  The  continued  motion  of  the  crank  will  then  cause  the  pitcher 
frame  g  to  be  elevated  until  it  acquires  a  vertical  position*  when  lever 
m  will  be  tangential  to  the  circle  described  by  the  crank.  The  further 
motion  of  the  elevator  being  now  resisted  by  spring  y,  the  crank  will 
pass  the  fulcrum  l  of  lever  m,  and,  by  pressing  against  the  opposite  end, 
will  cause  the  forks  K  to  fly  back,  (see  position  indicated  by  dotted 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


259 


Ikies),  thus  discharging  the  hay  on  the  wagon.  The  crank  being  now 
disengaged  from  lever  m,  the  elevator  will  descend  until  lever  m  is 
caught  by  the  stirrup  z,  when  the  forks  K  are  suddenly  forced  through 
the  spaces  between  the  rake -teeth  so  as  to  gather  the  hay.  The  above 
described  -operation  will  then  commence  again. 

The  inventor  says ;  I  do  net  claim  any  form  of  attachment  to  the 
wagon,  or  the  manner  of  forming  the  spring  of  the  rake-teeth,  or  any 
continued  endless  belt  motion,  with  an  ordinary  rake  attached  behind, 
to  save  the  hay,  passed  over  by  the  endless  belt  elevator. 

But  I  < claim  the  pitcher  or  elevator,  in  combination  with  the  rake, 
for  the  purpose  of  taking  the  hay  from  the  rake  In  regular  successive 
intervals  of  time,  and  in  separate  parcels,  and  elevating  and  delivering 
It  on  the  wagon,  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  as 
described. 


No.  13, 460.“— John  Locke  Hardeman. — Improvement  in  Hemp  Cutters.— 

Patented  August  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p,  IS.) 

The  hemp  is  sustained  and  brought  up  against  the  scythes  b  by  the 
curved  arms  m  of  the  horizontal  reel.  The  arm  a  extends  from  the 
frame,  and  supports  the  bars  to  which  the  scythes  are  attached  by 
hinges  c.  The  sides  of  the  scythes  are  turned  up  so  as  to  form  the 
support  of  the  blades.  By  thus  having  the  scythes  hinged  to  the  arm, 
they  can  readily  be  taken  off  for  the  purpose  of  sharpening  the  blades. 
A  curved  guard  f  is  affixed  to  the  under  side  of  the  scythes,  so  as  to 
prevent  the  blades  from  entering  the  ground.. 

The  engraving  represents  a  top  view  of  the  machine. 

Claim. — 1.  The  side  reel,  constructed  and  applied  for  hemp,  grain, 
or  other  articles  of  like  nature,  such  reel  having  curved  arms,  be  the 
curvature  more  or  less. 

2.  The  cleaning  shears,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,374. — Thomas  D.  Aflsworth. — Improvement  in  Hop  Frames.— 

Patented  February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  18.) 

These  frames  are  so  arranged,  that  the  portions  upon  which  the  vine 
entwines  may  be  loosened  at  their  upper  ends,  and  taken  or  laid 
down  to  gather  the  product,  and  then  returned  to  their  proper  posi¬ 
tions  on  the  frames  with  great  facility. 

Near  the  top  of  the  training  cords  there  is  an  inverted  cup-shaped 
piece  d,  concave  on  its  lower  surface,  for  the  purpose  of  turning  down¬ 
ward  the  top  of  the  vine  when  it  reaches  that  point,  to  prevent  it  from 
entwining  the  supporting  wires  -c,  in  which  case  the  cord  I)  could  not 
readily  be  unhooked  and  taken  down. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  training  of  hop  or  other  vines 
on  wires  or  cords,  as  this  has  been  done  before. 

But  I  claim,  in  combination  with  the  permanently  arranged  sup¬ 
porting  cord  or  wire  C,  the  training  cords  or  wires  D,  leading  from 
the  ground  to  said  supporting  wire,  and  connected  thereto  by  a  spring 


260 


I.— AGRICULTURE. 


hook,  or  its  equivalent,  so  as  to  be  readily  connected  to,  or  detached 
from,  the  supporting  wire,  for  the  purpose  and  in  the  manner  set 
forth. 

I  also  claim,  in  combination  with  the  training  cord  D,  the  inverted 
cup  d,  for  turning  down  the  top  of  the  vine,  and  preventing  it  from 
entwining  the  supporting  wire,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,610.- — Joseph  Walker. — Improvement  in  Hulling  Cotton  Seed.— 

Patented  March  27,  1855.  Patented  in  England,  July  20,  1854. 

(Plates,  p.  18.) 

The  construction  of  the  concave  D,  and  how  it  can  be  adjusted  by 
set- screws  E  G,  so  as  to  suit  seeds  of  different  sises,  will  be  under¬ 
stood  from  the  engravings. 

Claim.- — Supporting  and  adjusting  the  concave  bed  by  means  of 
grooves  cut  within,  or  other  equivalent  devices  affixed  to  the  side 
frame,  in  such  manner  that  the  side  concave  shall  be  eccentric  to  the 
axis  of  the  hulling  cylinder,  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  12,908.- — C.  B.  Horton.—- -Improvement  in  Mullers  of  Buckwheat.— 

Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  18.) 

The  grain  enters  the  stones  by  spout  M,  and,  after  having  been 
hulled  between  them,  passes  through  inclined  spout  O  into  suction 
pipe  I,  where  the  current  of  air  created  by  fan  j  carries  the  hulls, 
dust,  and  lighter  grain,  in  the  direction  of  the  arrows,  while  the  hulled 
grain  falls  down  by  its  own  gravity.  The  light  grain  will  finally  pass 
out  at  Q,  and  the  chaff,  etc.,  at  R. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  conical  stones  have  been  used 
for  the  grinding  of  grain;  therefore,  I  do  not  claim  that  as  my  in¬ 
vention. 

But  I  do  claim ,  the  arrangement  and  combination  of  the  fan  j  j  j  j 
with  the  suction  spout  I  I,  the  discharge  openings  R  Q,  and  the  stones 
B  and  C,  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,556.- — ■'William  Wilber.- — Improvement  in  Cotton-Seed  Mullers.— 

Patented  September  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  18.) 

The  rollers  D  E  and  breast  plate  F  serve  to  carry  and  chaff  the 
seed ;  the  seed  is  then  crushed  between  cylinder  G  and  concave  H, 
and  breastplate  J,  which  latter,  when  worn  out,  can  be  removed  and  re¬ 
placed  by  another  ;  the  material  is  then  mangled  and  loosened  up  by  the 
teeth  c  d,  and  beaters  b,  on  cylinder  L,  and  then  comes  on  to  the  screens. 
The  various  screens  are  graduated  as  to  their  meshes,  and  have  a  vi¬ 
brating  motion.  The  fi?st  blast  coming  from  fan  R  is  light,  and  acts 
through  the  fine  screen  e,  and  carries  off  light  matter.  The  agitation 
of  the  screens  is  all  the  while  sifting  the  pure  from  the  impure  parti¬ 
cles,  and  allows  the  latter  to  pass  through  the  screens  into  proper  recep- 


L — AGRICULTURE, 


261 


Cacles  below.  The  heavier  portions  pass  along  the  inclined  screens 
until  they  are  acted  upon  by  the  more  powerful  blast  from  fan-blower 
T,  the  blast  passing  up  through  screens  i  and  f  The  pure  material 
drops  down  on  to  the  chute  V,  and  the  impure  or  mixed  pass  onward 
to  be  operated  upon  by  a  third  still  more  powerful  blast  from  a  fan  W, 
(not  represented  in  the  engraving,)  the  pure  material  dropping  on  to 
chute  X,  whilst  the  lighter  portions  are  blown  out  at  the  side  of  the 
machine ;  the  last  blast  acting  across  the  way  of  the  material. 

Claim.— The  arrangement  of  the  hopper  B,  revolving  toothed  cylin¬ 
ders  B  E,  breastplate  F,  crushing  and  grinding  cylinder  G,  concave 
bed  K,  with  removable  extended  bed-plate  J,  and  toothed  cylinder  L, 
revolving  in  its  toothed  case  K1,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set 
forth. 

I  also  claim  the  series  of  graduated  blasts  R  T  W,  and  screens  e 
f  g  h  i  j  k,  for  the  purpose  of  separating  the  oleaginous  from  the 
other  impurities  of  the  seeds,  they  being  arranged  and  operating  sub¬ 
stantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,713. — -Robert  Anderson  and  John  E,  Anderson. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Rice- Hulling  -Patented  October  30,  1855,  (Plates, 

p.  19.) 

To  the  supports  D  are  secured  (by  means  of  adjusting  screws  E) 
ribs  F,  to  the  underside  of  which  ribs  are  secured  strips  of  India  rub¬ 
ber  G,  which  will  afford  an  elastic  pressure  to  the  rice  in  passing  be¬ 
tween  the  ribbed  surface  of  the  hulling  cylinder  B,  and  the  India  rub¬ 
ber  surfaces.  Springs  may  be  adjusted  around  the  set  screws  E,  so 
that  as  the  set  screws  are  drawn  back,  the  springs  lift  the  rubbers. 

The  inventors  say :  We  are  aware  that  India  rubber  has  been  ap¬ 
plied  in  hulling  machines,  and  that  segmental  concaves,  supported  by 
spiral  springs,  are  well  known  in  this  class  of  machines ;  also,  that  it 
is  common  to  apply  adjusting  screws  to  the  concave,  when  constructed 
in  one  piece  ;  we  do  not  claim  either  of  these  features. 

But  we  claim  the  adjustable  segmental  concave,  faced  with  India 
rubber,  in  combination  with  the  spired  springs,  and  a  ralehet-faced 
hulling  cylinder,  in  the  manner  described  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  13,992. — -Charles  Miller.— Improvement  m  Hulling  Machines.— 

Patented  December  25,  1855,  (Plates,  p,  19.) 

This  improvement  consists  in  providing  an  ordinary  clover-seed  bul¬ 
let,  with  adjusting  slides  c  d,  by  means  of  which  the  seed  can  be  re¬ 
tained  in  or  discharged  from  the  machine  at  the  option  of  the  operator, 
so  as  to  avoid  running  the  seed  more  than  once  through  the  machine ; 
which  is  frequently  the  case  in  other  hollers  when  the  seed  is  damp. 

Figure  1  represents  a  longitudinal,  and  figure  2  a  cross  section  of 
the  machine,  the  hulling  cylinder  B  being  removed  in  the  latter  figure, 
so  as  to  show  the  slides  c  d,  which  can  be  drawn  out  (see  position  in 
dotted  lines)  by  means  of  rods  F  F, 


202 


1. — AGRICULTURE 


Claim. — The  application  of  the  block  e  e,  and  adjustable  slides  c,  d, 
by  means  of  which  the  machine  can  be  regulated  so  as  to  retain  the 
seed  in  the  buffer,  until  it  is  perfectly  shelled. 


No.  1 2,508. — H.  Lumngton  and  S.  R.  Lofton.- — Improvement  in  Lime 

Spreaders  and  Seed  Planters . — Patented  March  13,  1855.  (Plates? 

p.  19.) 

A  supply  of  compost  is  put  into  the  reservoir  C,  and  the  fountain  & 
is  filled  with  lime  or  compost,  and  the  machine  being  set  in  motion, 
the  cylinder  and  spike  shaft  revolve;  the  lime,  in  a  pulverized  form, 
passes  off  through  the  bottom  of  the  expanding  sectional  hopper,  and  is 
distributed  over  the  soil.  When  lumpy  portions  of  the  compost  have 
accumulated  on  the  grating,  it  can  be  elevated  by  means  of  cord  i,  into 
the  position  represented  m  figure  1,  when  the  lumps  will  fall  to  the 
ground. 

The  inventors  say  :  We  claim  the  construction  of  an  expanding  sec¬ 
tional  hopper  E  E  hung  by  hinges  or  otherwise  pendent,  and  formed 
with  concaves  on  the  inner  sides,  which  concaves  have  formed  thereon 
diagonally  arranged  ridge  3  or  sloping  irregularities  a  a  a  a  a  a,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described. 

Second.  We  claim  the  construction  of  a  drum  cylinder  or  roller  F  F, 
with  series  of  ridges  or  sloping  irregularities  p  p  p,  formed  or  arranged 
diagonally  across  its  circumference  or  periphery,  together  with  longi¬ 
tudinal  troughs  or  gutters  s  s  s  s,  at  intervals  between  the  ridges  as 
shown.  This  cylinder  being  also  combined  in  action  or  operation  with 
the  hopper  E  E  and  the  revolving  spike  shaft  H,  as  set  forth. 

Third.  We  are  aware  that  there  are  such  devices  as  til  ting-tables, 
dumping-beds  and  cart  bodies,  and  sloping  or  sliding  planes,  for  the 
purpose  of  precipitation ;  none  of  these,  however,  do  we  claim,  as  they 
are  not  equivalent  forms  of  construction  to  ours,  for  they  do  not  em¬ 
brace  the  two-fold  principles  of  our  device ;  nor  is  it  a  fixed  sieve  or 
permanently  arranged  grating  that  we  claim;  but,  instead,  we  claim 
constructing  a  feeding  or  supply  fountain,  having  the  combination  of 
adjustable  hinged  frame  grating,  actuated  by  cords  or  equivalents,  and 
to  answer  the  two-fold  purpose  of  holding  the  compost  mass,  and  pre¬ 
venting  the  escape  of  lumps,  &c.,  and  admitting  also  of  being  elevated 
or  depressed,  or  thrown  forward  at  pleasure,  for  the  purpose  of  re¬ 
lieving  the  grating  and  hopper  or  fountain  of  lumps  and  other  obstruc¬ 
tions,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,480.— Rene  Ghas.  Demolon  and  Geo.  Alex.  Ohas.  Thubneys- 
sen.- — Improvement  in  Treating  Fish  for  Manure  and  Oil. — Patented 
March  6,  1855.— -Patented  in  France,  January  13,  1851.  (Plates, 
p.  19.) 

The  raw  fish  is  placed  in  a  boiler  heated  by  steam,  no  water  being  - 
added.  The  fish,  when  sufficiently  boiled,  is  put  into  a  press,  and  the 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


263 


<si!  extracted  from  it.  It  is  then  brought  under  the  action  of  grating 
machinery,  and  the  particles  are  finally  exposed  to  a  current  of  hot 
air.  The  particles,  when  dried,  are  still  more  reduced  by  proper  grind¬ 
ing  apparatus  to  produce  the  powder  ready  for  use. 

We  claim  the  reduction  of  fish,  or  the  remains  of  fish,  to  a  dry  powder 
for  manure  and  other  purposes,  substantially  as  specified. 


No.  12,152. — -Alexk.  Anderson. — Improvement  in  Seed  Planters. — 

Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  19.) 

The  hopper  F  being  filled  with  potatoes,  the  apertures  f  in  the  upper 
part  of  apron  D,  will  receive  potatoes  of  suitable  size,  and  these  potatoes 
will  be  carried  along  as  the  cogs  ol  wheel  O  gear  into  the  apertures 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  apron.  Those  potatoes  which  are  so  large  as 
to  project  over  the  surfaces  of  the  blocks  d,  after  having  been  received 
into  the  apertures,  will  be  cut  off  when  reaching  the  knife  G.  The  blocks 
d  of  the  apron  passing  around  roller  a,  the  potatoes  drop  through  the 
spout  L  into  the  furrows. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  cutting  potatoes  for  planting  by 
means  of  a  horizontal  reciprocating  knife.  What  I  claim  is  the  pecu¬ 
liar  construction  of  my  seed  planter,  by  which  the  apertures //are 
made  to  perform  the  double  function  of  carrying  a  graduated  amount  ol 
seed  to  the  discharge  spout,  and  also  of  receiving  the  teeth  of  the  wheel  O, 
fey  which  motion  is  communicated  to  the  endless  apron,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,231. — Jarvis  Case. — Improvement  in  Seed  Planters. — Patented 

January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  19.) 

The  slide  I  is  vibrated  in  the  following  manner:  the  wire  S  passes 
through  the  handles  F  F,  and  is  so  arranged  between  arms  h  h  andU, 
that  when  the  operator  bears  down  on  the  thumb-lever  x,  the  weighted 
lever  g  turns  the  rocker  G  back,  and  arms  h  h  (on  rocker  G)  press 
down  on  the  elastic  wire  S,  so  that,  when  the  thumb-lever  is  relieved, 
the  wire  and  the  weight  of  the  weighted  lever  throw  the  rocker  for¬ 
ward,  and  arms  H  (on  rocker  G)  press  upward  on  the  wire,  and 
again  throw  the  rocker  back,  which  causes  the  vibratory  motion. 
These  rapid  vibrations  of  the  slide,  which  agitate  the  seed  in  the  aper¬ 
ture  as  well  as  above  the  aperture,  are  intended  to  fill  the  aperture 
more  readily  than  is  usually  done. 

u  is  a  brush-stock,  which  is  secured  at  each  end  by  means  of  screws, 
and  is  hollowed  out  on  the  underside;  v  is  the  brush  which  passes 
through  the  brush-stock,  and  projects  down,  or  nearly  down,  to  the  cut¬ 
off  plate  t ,  and  directly  over  the  angle  in  said  plate.  The  object  of 
the  brush  is  to  aid  the  cut-off' plate,  by  brushing  all  superfluous  grains 
from  aperture  i,  before  the  seed  comes  in  contact  with  the  cut-off  pmte. 

The  use  of  leather,  or  other  elastic  substance,  for  the  cut-off  plate, 
is  intended  to  allow  it  to  rise  and  let  the  seed  pass  under  it  without 
being  injured- 


264 


1. - AGRICULTURE. 


Claim . — 1st.  The  agitation  of  the  seed-slide  T  bymjans  of  a  rocker 
G,  wire  S,  and  levers  g  and  x,  for  the  purpose  of  filling  the  seed-hole  with 
a  uniform  amount  of  seed,  as  set  forth. 

2d.  The  elastic  cut-off  plate  t ,  in  combination  with  brush  v,  ar¬ 
ranged  and  constructed  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  described. 


No.  12,256. — Elijah  Morgan. — Improvement  in  Seed  Planters. — Pat¬ 
ented  January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  19.) 

B  is  the  V-shaped  bottom  of  the  hopper  A.  The  bar  D  is  placed 
so  as  to  form  recesses  a  between  its  sides  and  the  sides  of  the -hopper. 
Bar  D  is  grooved  on  the  underside,  in  which  groove  slides  the  recipro¬ 
cating  bar  E.  The  lower  edge  of  E  is  V-shaped,  and  fits  nicely  to  the 
bottom.  The  seed  passes  through  recesses  b  in  the  bar,  and  through 
apertures  c,  out  of  the  box. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  combination  of  the  stationary  protecting- bar  and 
the  reciprocating  feed* bar,  when  the  latter  operates  within  a  groove 
in  the  former,  substantially  in  the  manner  described. 

2d.  The  combination  of  the  V-shaped  forms  of  the  bottom  of  the 
hopper  and  the  bottom  of  the  reciprocating  bar,  when  said  bar  is  pro¬ 
vided  with  openings  from  both  sides,  which  meet  and  vibrate  over  the 
holes  c,  in  the  bottom  of  the  hopper,  substantially  as  described,  and 
for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,260.— Stephen  L.  Stockstill  and  Peter  H.  Humes..- — Im¬ 
provement  in  Seed  Planters. — Patented  January  16,  1855.  (Plates? 

p.  20,) 

This  feeding  apparatus  is  located  below  the  hopper  which  contains 
the  seed  grain,  and  consists  of  a  plate  a ,  with  a  bevelled-edged  opening 
1  through  it,  forming  a  mouth-piece.  The  plate  c  resembles  in  form 
a  plane-bit,  with  the  slot  continued  to  the  edge ;  and  this,  by  its  retrac¬ 
tion  or  impulsion  forward,  can  be  made  alternately  to  open  or  close 
the  aperture  in  plate  a.  Below  c  is  another  sliding-plate  h,  with  an 
aperture  2  through  it  of  a  triangular  shape,  so  as,  by  its  motion  in  or 
out,  to  limit  the  size  of  the  passage  through  which  the  seed  passes. 
The  ratchet-teeth,  on  feed-wheel  d,  carry  forward  the  seed  and  dis¬ 
charge  it  on  to  the  spouts  e  el.  The  edges  of  the  triangular  aperture 
through  plate  b  converge  lengthwise,,  so  that,  as  it  Is  slid  back,  the  pas¬ 
sage  may  become  narrowed  and  diminished  in  area.  From  the  mid¬ 
dle  of  the  feed-wheel  projects  a  flange/ through  the  plates  and  into  the 
hopper,  for  the  purpose  mentioned  in  the  claims. 

Figure  1  represents  a  top  view;  fig.  2  a  longitudinal  section;  and 
fig.  3  a  cross  section. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  converging  openings  of  the  guage-board,  permitting 
the  graduation  of  the  amount  of  feed,  without  narrowing  or  circum¬ 
scribing  the  passage  with  respect  to  the  size  of  grain,  which  is  thus 
preserved  from  cutting  or  injury. 


265 


1. - AGRICULTURE. 

2d.  The  dividing  ridge  or  flange  around  the  perimeter  of  the  feed- 
wheel  at  its  mid-width,  enabling  the  same  wheel  to  score  two  exactly 
equal  rows,  and,  at  the  same  time,  serving  to  stir  the  grain,  and  to 
shift  out  of  the  way  any  tailings  or  other  obstructions  that  would  inter¬ 
cept  the  discharge. 

3d.  The  bevelled  or  flaring  axial  mortise  through  the  feed-wheel, 
preventing  any  unevenness  of  the  axle  from  wabbling  or  clogging  the 
wheel,  or  disturbing  the  feed. 


No.  12,294. — Isaac  Williams  and  Isaac  W.  Bausman- — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Cotton  Seed  Planters. — Patented  January  23,  1855.  (Plates, 

p.  20.) 

The  inventors  say  :  We  are  aware  that  one  or  more  shafts,  with 
teeth,  have  been  placed  within  the  hopper,  and  that  a  single  cylinder, 
with  a  series  of  spirally  set  teeth,  has  been  employed  in  the  throat  of 
the  hopper  of  seed  planters ;  we  therefore  do  not  claim  these  devices. 

But  we  claim  the  use,  and  combination  of  two  cylinders,  placed  one 
above  the  other,  not  in  the  hopper,  but  in  the  throat  below  the  hopper, 
one  furnished  with  a  row  of  long  teeth,  and  the  other  with  a  row  of 
short  teeth,  the  teeth  on  each  cylinder  being  placed  helically  around 
it,  for  the  purpose  of  separating  and  distributing  or  scattering  the  cot¬ 
ton  seeds  in  the  manner  described.  (See  engraving.) 


No.  12,307. — John  Blackwood. — Improvement  in  Seed  Planters. — Pat¬ 
ented  January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  20.) 

The  inventor  says  in  his  specification  :  “A  gain  is  cut  on  each  side 
of  the  hollow  stock,  making  a  double  tenon  on  the  beam  to  fill  said 
gains;  just  below  the  cross  piece  there  is  a  mortise  for  the  slide, 
bevelled  so  that  the  end  of  the  slide  will  strike  the  beam  one  foot  be¬ 
fore  the  stock;  the  bottom  of  the  hopper  is  made  with  the  same  bevel, 
so  that  the  slide,  marked  ft  ft,  runs  along  it  under  the  corn,  and  where 
it  passes  through  the  partition  (marked  with  dotted  line  x) ;  the  mortise 
is  made  half  an  inch  above  the  slide,  to  prevent  the  corn  from  passing 
out  too  fast.  A  stiff  brush  is  secured  above  the  slide  to  keep  back  any 
superfluous  grains  that  may  lodge  on  the  cup.”  This  cup  y  is  alter¬ 
nately  brought  over  the  hole  in  the  stock,  so  as  to  drop  the  seed.  At 
the  bottom  of  this  hole  or  tube  there  is  a  valve  e,  which  receives  the 
seed  as  it  falls  from  slide  a. 

Claim. — The  additional  hopper  to  catch  the  seed  which  falls  off  of 
the  slide  after  it  passes  the  brush,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,308. — Job  Brown. — Improvement  in  Seed  Planters.-— Patented 
January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  20.) 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim,  separately,  the  distributing 
plates  I,  for  they  have  been  previously  used. 


266 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


But  I  claim  the  combination  of  the  cups  F,  placed  obliquely  on  a 
rotating  cylinder,  in  combination  with  the  distributing  plates  I,  the 
above  parts  operating  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  shown  and 
described.  (See  engraving.) 


No.  12,447. — Robert  —Improvement  in  Seed  Planters . — Pat¬ 

ented  February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  20.) 

J  is  the  digging  cylinder  provided  with  teeth  M ;  n  is  the  seed  box, 
and  the  seed  passes  out  between  the  brushes  t  and  grooved  roller  O  ; 
the  roller  r  serves  to  carry  the  weight  of  the  end  of  the  levelling  box  m 
as  it  passes  over  the  pulverized  soil. 

The  inventor  says:  I  am  aware  that  a  seeding  apparatus  has  been 
arranged  to  follow  a  toothed  cylinder,  and  also  to  precede  either  a 
toothed  cylinder  or  roller ;  therefore,  I  do  not  claim  either. 

But  I  claim  the  rotary- toothed  cylinder  or  digger,  followed  immedi¬ 
ately  by  the  seed  sower  and  roller,  as  described. 


No.  12,465. — Andrew  J.  Barnhart. — Improvement  in  Seed  Planters . — 

Patented  February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  21.) 

The  seed  being  placed  in  the  upper  part  of  cylinder  A,  the  rod  B  is 
first  drawn  upward,  and  then  turned  from  right  to  left,  in  order  to 
bring  plate  f  over  aperture  c  in  disc  a,  so  as  to  cut  off  the  communi¬ 
cation  between  aperture  c  and  the  space  above  it.  As  the  plate  f  is 
turned,  the  loose  disc  b  is  also  turned,  and  aperture  d  brought  under 
aperture  c.  In  turning  the  rod,  the  pin  m  acts  against  pins  l  l  on 
plate  F,  and  the  edges  of  the  eyes  h,  in  the  projections  i  at  the  upper 
end  of  the  cylinder,  are  forced  from  recesses  Tc,  and  rod  B  is  pressed 
downward,  and  cylinder  D  forced  into  the  ground,  and  then  withdrawn 
by  drawing  up  rod  B,  D  being  filled  with  earth  and  a  hole  formed  in 
the  ground.  The  eyes  h  catch  into  the  recesses  k,  (by  force  of  springs^,) 
and  hold  D  in  place.  B  is  now  turned  from  left  to  right,  and  aper¬ 
ture  d  is  brought  over  c,  and  the  corn  in  d  falls  down  and  around  D  into 
the  hole  made  in  the  earth.  B  is  now  forced  down,  the  spring  G  as¬ 
sisting,  and  piston  C  forces  the  earth  out  of  D  into  the  hole  in  the 
earth,  thereby  covering  the  corn  which  was  dropped  therein. 

Claim . — The  combination  of  the  discs  a  a  b,  moveable  cylinder  D, 
and  piston  C,  the  above  parts  being  enclosed,  or  working  within  a 
cylinder  or  case  A,  and  arranged  substantially  as  shown  and  for  the 
purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,554. — Ebenezer  Morse. — Improvement  in  Seed  Planters. — Pat¬ 
ented  March  20,  1855,  (Plates,  p.  21.) 

The  inventor  says  in  his  specification :  Put  the  seed  in  at  the  top  of 
the  box,  take  hold  of  the  handle  r  with  the  back  of  the  hand  toward 
the  back  board  B,  then  raise  and  depress  the  back  board  by  raising 
and  depressing  the  back  part  of  the  hand,  by  which  means  the  seed 
will  be  received  into  the  seeding  recess  g,  and  passed  beneath  the  bot- 


1. - AGRICULTURE. 


267 


tom  of  the  box  into  the  depositing  tube.  It  will  be  seen  that  if  the 
end  of  the  depositing  tube  a  is  plunged  into  the  earth  with  the  seed 
therein  contained,  and  the  back  board  raised  in  its  progress  upward, 
the  cam  n  will  not  have  acted  upon  the  arms  o  of  the  scrapers  j,  until 
the  end  of  the  depositing  tube  has  opened  (as  seen  at  fig.  2)  and  drop¬ 
ped  its  seed  ;  and  it  will  also  be  seen,  that  as  the  back  board  is  further 
raised,  the  cam  will  act  upon  the  arms  of  the  scrapers,  causing  their 
projecting  oblique  lower  ends  k  to  approach  each  other  (see  fig.  3)  and 
cover  the  seed  with  earth ;  and  that  by  depressing  the  back  board  the 
earth  will  be  stamped  upon  the  seed,  and  the  seeding  tube  supplied 
with  seed  for  the  next  hill. 

Claim. — The  scrapers  J  J,  the  cam  n,  and  sliding  back  board  B,  as 
arranged,  combined,  and  operating  conjointly  with  the  seed  box  A,  for 
the  purpose  of  depositing  seed  in  hills,  covering  it  with  earth,  and 
pressing  the  earth  upon  the  seed. 

Also,  the  oscillating  motion  of  the  horizontal  handle  connected  to 
the  front  and  back  part  of  the  seed  box,  by  a  hinge  joint  at  each  end 
of  the  handle,  substantially  in  the  manner  desciibed. 


No.  12,557. — Daniel  H.  Phillips. — Improvement  in  Seed  Planters.— 

Patented  March  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  21.) 

The  operation  of  spring  lever  f  in  combination  with  seed  box  y , 
will  be  understood  from  the  engravings.  In  the  position  of  the  roller  g , 
represented  in  the  engravings,  only  one  single  cog  w  operates  the  lever/, 
which  answers  for  corn  planting.  For  grain  planting  the  roller  is 
reversed,  when  the  spring  lever  will  be  acted  upon  by  the  cogs  u. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  opening  the  seed-delivering  slide 
by  a  cog  or  projection  on  the  carrying  wheel  or  roller,  striking  against 
a  lever  to  operate  the  slide ;  neither  do  I  claim  closing  the  seed-slide 
after  the  roller  has  ceased  to  operate  it  by  the  action  of  the  spring. 

But  I  claim ,  first,  the  employment  of  a  spring  lever  /  to  open  and 
close  the  seed  slide  in  such  a  manner  that  while  it  serves  to  open  the 
slide,  by  the  direct  action  of  the  revolving  wheel  or  roller,  as  specified, 
the  same  lever,  by  its  elasticity,  closes  the  slide  after  the  discharge  has 
been  made,  as  set  forth. 

Second.  Providing  both  ends  of  the  carrying  and  levelling  roller, 
which  operates  the  seed-slide  lever  with  cogs  or  projections  so  arranged, 
that  by  reversing  the  roller,  as  described,  a  slower  or  quicker  move¬ 
ment  is  given  to  the  delivering  slide,  according  to  the  description  oi 
grain  to  be  planted. 


No.  12,561. — Benj.  M.  Snell. — Improvement  in  Seed  Planters. — Pat¬ 
ented  March  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  21.) 

The  striker  a  on  wheel  K,  when  acting  against  the  end  of  slide  b, 
forces  the  latter  in,  thus  dropping  the  seed. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  wish  it  to  be  considered  that  I  claim 
novelty  in  the  devices  of  my  plough,  when  considered  separately. 


268 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


But  I  claim  the  construction  of  a  plough  wherein  a  double  share  D 
is  used  to  open  the  soil  in  combination  with  a  seeding  tube  H,  hopper 
G,  striker  a ,  wheel  K.  operating  in  the  manner  set  forth,  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  depositing  seed  in  the  prepared  soil,  without  the  objection  of 
an  open  furrow. 


No.  12,603. — Hiram  Moore  — Improvement  in  Seed  Planters. — Patented 

March  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  21.) 

The  grooves  a  in  the  distributing  wheels  K,  have  the  same  width  as 
the  opening  in  the  seed  box  I.  The  partitions  c  prevent  the  grain 
from  slipping  in  said  grooves  and  running  out,  when  the  seeding  ma¬ 
chine  is  not  in  motion;  and  also  regulate  the  quantity  to  be  given  out. 
The  seed  is  dropped  upon  dash  board  H,  from  which  it  rebounds,  and 
scatters  with  regularity  by  its  own  action. 

The  inventor  sa}Ts  :  l  do  not  claim  .a grooved  and  distributing  wheel, 
nor  a  seed  scattering  board,  individually. 

I  claim  grooved  seed  distributing  wheels  K  K,  provided  at  the  bot¬ 
tom  of  the  grooves  with  partitions  extending  about  one-third  of  their 
depth,  in  combination  with  the  dash  board  H,  in  the  manner  and  for 
the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  12,608. — Myron  Ward. — Improvement  in  Seed  Planters. — Patented 

March  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  21.) 

Figure  1  represents  a  bottom  view,  and  figure  2  a  side  view  of  this 
apparatus.  Figure  1  represents  only  about  one-half  of  the  apparatus, 
the  other  half  being  exactly  alike. 

D  is  one  of  the  two  wheels  of  this  seed  planter,  and  F  the  com¬ 
pressors  mentioned  in  the  second  part  of  the  claim.  T  is  one  of  the 
two  shears  provided  with  slots  t,  and  adjustable  by  means  of  thumb 
screw  j. 

Claim . — The  adjustable  slotted  share,  for  the  purpose  of  removing 
obstructions,  and  at  the  same  time  allowing  the  fine  earth  to  pass 
through  the  slots,  which  share  is  made  adjustable  by  means  of  a  thumb 
screw  and  plate  in  rear. 

Also,  the  short  compressing  blocks  on  the  peripherj7  of  the  wheel, 
which  compressors  crowd  the  earth  laterally  over  the  seed,  and  at  the 
same  time  indicate  the  place  of  the  hill,  by  which  means  the  grain  can 
be  planted  in  check  rows. 


No.  12,618. — Chester  B.  Borden,  Benj.  S.  Borden,  and  Aaron  R. 
McLean. — Seed  Planter. — Patented  April  3, 1855.  (Plates,  p.  21.) 

S  is  a  spout  which  conveys  the  seed  down  to  the  blade  of  the  hoe. 
Claim. — Attaching  to  the  handle  of  an  ordinary  hoe  a  chamber  or 
box  B,  which  contains  the  corn  or  seed  to  be  planted,  said  chamber  or 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


269 


box  being  provided  with  a  slide  D,  having  a  slot  or  recess  h  in 
its  lower  end,  which  slot  or  recess  may  be  increased  or  diminished  in 
size,  by  adjusting  the  small  slide  E. 

The  slide  D  being  arranged  as  shown,  so  as  to  be  operated  by  h 
finger  of  the  operator,  and  the  spiral  spring  H,  for  the  purpose  of  de 
positing  the  seed  or  corn  in  the  holes  or  furrows  in  the  earth  made  b / 
the  hoe,  as  shown  and  described. 


No.  12,641.— Ives  W.  Me  Gaffe  y  .—Improvement  in  Seed  Planters . 

Patented  April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  22.) 

Plopper  E  contains  the  seed,  and  C  the  manure.  The  manure  de¬ 
scends  on  to  the  loosely  suspended  tilt  apron  K  that  is  hung  upon  a 
horizontal  axis  e,  and  is  so  constructed  and  furnished  with  a  weight  f 
and  so  operated  by  roller  F,  that  while  its  own  weight  keeps  it  closed, 
the  roller  F  (by  means  of  peg  g)  opens  it  at  the  proper  interval,  (see 
dotted  lines,)  thereby  discharging  the  manure  together  with  the  seed 
which  has  been  carried  round  by  the  rake  fingers  b  on  roller  F,  and 
deposited  on  the  same  apron  with  the  manure. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  a  swinging  fertilizer  discharge 
valve,  in  connexion  With  a  seed  planter,  of  itself,  is  not  new. 

Also,  that  a  tilt  apron  abruptly  operated  by ‘cams,  to  discharge  ac¬ 
cumulated  seed  let  on  to  it  by  a  separately  driven  slide  or  valve,  has 
before  been  employed  ;  but  the  relative  arrangement,  construction,  and 
operation  of  these  parts  has  been  different;  as  substantive  devices, 
therefore,  or  otherwise  than  as  arranged  and  operating  in  connexion,  I 
do  not  claim  them. 

I  claim  the  combination  of  the  fertilizer  tilt  apron  K,  with  the  seed 
distributing  roller  F,  constructed,  arranged,  and  operating  together, 
•  substantially  as  specified. 


No.  12,672.— Jason  W.  Corey  .—Improvement  in  Seed  Planter s. — 

ented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  page  22.) 

When  the  seed  is  to  be  dropped,  the  rod  F  is  pulled  backward,  and, 
being  looped  to  the  coiled  spring  E,  pulls  the  spring  back,  carrying 
with  it  the  regulating  slide  K,  in  the  aperture  of  which  the  seed  is  to  be 
dropped. 

The  inventor  says:  Disclaiming  all  devices  separately  considered, 
except  the  adjustable  seed  or  slide  box  D,  which  I  claim  as  constructed, 
arranged,  and  described, 

I  claim  the  arrangement  of  adjustable  slide  K,  adjustable  seed  guage 
ft,  coiled  spring  E,  and  connecting  rod  F,  together  with  grooved  roller  1, 
slotted  arms  J  J,  front  share  G,  adjustable  clod  mover  p,  and  covering 
shares  H  H,  as  set  forth  and  operated. 


270 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


No.  12,783.— Presley  Raines.- — Improvement  in  Corn  Planters.— V at 
ented  May  1,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  22.) 

If  the  handles  j  are  elevated,  the  platform  g  slides  back  and  drops 
the  seed  which  was  upon  it  into  drill  spout  h.  At  the  same  time  the 
lifter  d  descends  to  take  another  charge  of  seed.  The  handles  being 
allowed  to  drop,  the  platform  is  re-inserted,  the  lifter  d  ascends  and 
drops  the  seed,  through  the  hole /,  upon  the  platform.  Simultaneously 
with  this  movement  the  plunger  k  is  protruded,  so  as  to  leave  an  an¬ 
nular  opening  between  its  flaring  surface  l  and  the  corresponding  flar¬ 
ing  vent  of  the  drill  spout  h ,  thereby  allowing  the  seed  within  the  spout 
to  drop  out.  The  flaring  foot  is  intended  to  scatter  the  seed  suitably, 
and  to  pulverize  and  depress  a  suitable  bed  for  the  reception  of  the 
seed. 

Claim— The  combination  of  elevator,  sliding  platform,  and  flaring 
plunger,  substantially  as  described,  operated  simultaneously  by  the 
elevation  and  depression  of  the  guiding  handles. 


No.  12,811. — George  W.  Brown  .—Improvement  in  Seed  Planters.— 

Patented  May  8,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  22.) 

The  circular  plates  d  d  connected  by  a  rod  e,  and  simultaneously 
vibrated  by  a  hand-lever  D,  are  arranged  underneath  the  bottom  of 
the  hoppers  C,  which  bottom  has  an  opening  c.  Connected  to  the 
under  side  of  the  plates  d,  and  simultaneously  vibrating  with  them,  are 
valves  f  which  are  arranged  in  the  hollow  tubular  rear  part  of  the 
runners  A,  which  form  the  furrow,  by  means  of  the  sharp  edge  a. 
The  covering  wheels  J  J  are  hung  in  arms  GG  and  HH.  The  inside 
arms  H  have  cam  wedges  /?,  on  which  rests  cross-beam  L.  By  fast¬ 
ening  this  cam  to  one  or  the  other  of  the  holes  1,  2,  3,  the  front  part  of 
the  machine,  and  the  runners  with  it,  will  be  raised  or  lowered,  and, 
consequently,  the  depth  will  be  adjusted  at  which  the  seed  are  planted. 
The  driver,  by  shifting  his  position  on  seat  K,  forward  or  back,  may 
cause  his  weight  to  add  to  the  raising  or  holding  down  of  the  front  part 
of  the  machine. 

Claim.. — In  combination  with  the  hoppers  and  their  semi- rotating 
plates  d,  the  runners  A,  with  their  valves  f,  and  their  adjustment  by 
means  of  the  levers  and  cams  and  the  driver’s  weight,  for  the  purpose 
of  carrying  and  dropping  seeds  by  each  vibration  of  the  lever  D,  and 
to  regulate  the  depth  of  the  planting,  as  described. 


No.  12,867.— A.  H.  Morrel. — Improvement  in  Cotton  Seed  Planters.— 

Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  22.) 

w  is  the  seed-distributing  wheel. 

In  rear  of  hopper  D  is  the  coverer  H,  consisting  of  a  blade  e,  handle 
h,  and  gauge  g.  The  handle  rests  on  cam  G,  secured  to  crank-shaft  I, 
and  is  attached  by  its  extremity  to  the  sliding-bar  J,  to  which  the 
crank-shaft  I  imparts  a  reciprocating  motion.  Consequently,  as  the 


I. - AGRICULTURE, 


271 


main  shaft  A  revolves,  the  coverer  has  a  reciprocating  motion  across 
the  furrow,  simultaneously  with  a  vertical  motion  produced  by  the 
cam  G,  which  causes  the  blade  e  to  enter  the  earth,  when  the  slide  J 
is  in  the  position  shown  in  figure'!,  and,  after  covering  the  seed,  main¬ 
tain  an  elevated  position  during  its  backward  motion. 

Claim.— The  combination  of  sliding  bar  J,  coverer  H,  cam  G,  and 
eccentric  shaft  I,  or  their  equivalents,  arranged  and  operating  substan¬ 
tially  as  hereinbefore  set  forth. 


No.  12,895. — L.  W.  CoJjVbr.— Improvement  in  Seed  Planters. — Patented 
May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  22.) 

The  figure  represents  one  of  the  wheels  A1,  which  are  arranged  on 
the  axle  a .  The  weight  of  the  hopper  E,  and  the  machine  generally, 
holds  the  wheels  A1  into  the  ground,  whilst  the  springs  F  allow  each 
wheel  to  follow  the  inequalities  of  the  ground,  without  raising  or  low¬ 
ering  any  other  of  the  wheels.  The  seed  passes  from  the  hopper, 
through  the  flexible  tube  H,  into  metallic  tube  I,  on  the  bottom  of 
which  is  arranged  the  divider  J.  This  divider  terminates  in  a  point, 
and  gradually  widens  towards  its  rear,  next  to  the  covering  wheel  L. 
Thus  it  acts  as  a  shoe,  holding  the  furrow  (cut  by  the  flange  K)  open 
for  the  reception  of  the  seed. 

Claim . — Hinging  the  pieces  A,  which  support  the  wheels  A1,  at  the 
point  B,  this  being  also  the  point  of  attachment  of  the  arms  D,  and 
interposing  between  A  and  D  a  spring  F,  so  that  said  two  pieces  may 
radiate  from  nearly  the  same  centres ;  said  springs  tending  to  hold 
the  wheels  into  the  ground,  whilst  each  one  of  the  series  may  yield  to 
any  inequalities  in  the  ground,  without  affecting  the  others,  as  set  forth. 
Also,  the  arrangement  of  the  sword  or  divider,  such  as  described, 
upon  the  tube  I,  and  projecting  it  forward,  in  close  contact  with  the 
flange  on  the  wheel,  so  that  it  may  enter  the  ground  with  said  flange, 
and  spread  and  hold  open  the  furrow  for  the  reception  of  the  seed,  as 
described. 


No.  12,924. — Edgar  M.  Stevens,  Joseph  B.  Crosby,  and  Joseph 
W.  Pearson. — Improvement  in  Seed  Planters- — Patented  May  22, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  23.) 

The  feed  rollers  D  D  are  covered  with  India-rubber,  or  any  similar 
yielding  material,  to  prevent  the  seed  from  being  bruised  between  the 
rollers.  To  spread  the  grains,  which  will  be  in  close  proximity  with 
each  in  the  direction  of  the  length  of  the  roller,  (too  close  for  seed  to 
be  sown,)  the  distributor  C  is  introduced. 

Claim. — The  application  of  elastic  surfaced  feed  rollers  in  sowing 
machines,  in  connexion  with  an  expanding  tubed  spreader,  constructed 
and  arranged  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


m 


L— AGRICULTURE, 


No.  12,958.—' Tiros.  S.  Minniss.- —Improvement  in  Seed  Planters,— Pa 
tented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  23.) 

H  are  half  tubular  projections,  (consisting  of  half  tubes  secured  in 
the  wheel  B  by  means  of  plugs,  so  that  they  can  be  secured  at  any 
projection  desired,)  that  dip  the  seeds  from  hopper  D,  and  discharge 
them  into  tube  G,  a  portion  N  of  which  spreads  out  against  the  side 
of  the  wheel  to  receive  them.  When  seed  is  to  be  planted  in  hills,  all 
the  elevators  H  are  to  be  driven  into  it,  and  one  is  to  be  drawn  out  far 
enough  to  contain  a  sufficient  quantity  for  a  hill.  The  sifting  box  E  is 
hung  on  straps  I,  and  receives  a  shaking  motion  from  the  staples  around 
the  wheel.  The  spout  F,  discharging  directly  over  the  seeding  tube, 
can  be  set  at  any  inclination  so  as  to  discharge  fast  or  slow,  and  is  in¬ 
tended  for  such  seeds  and  light  fertilizers  as  are  to  be  buried  with 
the  discharges  from  the  hopper. 

Claim. — -The  wheel  B,  with  the  sliding  or  expanding  elevators  H  H 
H  FI  through  its  side,  in  combination  with  the  sifting  box  E,  and  the 
spout  F,  constructed  and  arranged  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for 
the  purpose  set  forth. 

No.  12,990.— LuclEn  A.  Butts. — Improvement  in  Seed  Planters.— Pa™ 
tented  June  5,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  23.) 

M  is  the  hopper  ;  m  is  the  valve  opened  and  closed,  as  illustrated  by 
dotted  lines,  the  valve  being  connected  to  a  rod  n ,  and  controlled  by  a 
helical  spring  o  ;  as  the  seed  bar  h  moves  upward,  the  rod  n  strikes 
against  arm  N,  which  forces  down  the  valve  opening,  and  allows  the 
seed  to  drop  through  the  tube  o1  tov/ards  the  ground,  the  spring  o  clos¬ 
ing  the  valve  when  the  bar  k  descends  ;  during  the  ascent  of  the  bar, 
the  space  within  the  tube  o1,  above  the  valve  m ,  will  be  filled  with  seed 
out  ot  hopper  M,  which  is  afterwards  dropped,  as  above  described.  By 
adjusting  the  shield  i  and  the  valve  higher  up  or  lower  down,  the  said 
space  for  the  reception  of  the  seed,  and  consequently  the  quantity  of 
seed  to  be  dropped,  will  be  increased  or  decreased. 

Claim i. — Raising  the  seed  to  be  planted  up  in  a  cup  or  cell,  vertically, 
or  nearly  so,  above  the  height  of  the  grain  in  the  hopper,  and  then 
tripping  a  valve  in  the  cup  or  cell,  and  allowing  the  seeds  contained 
therein  to  drop  through  a  tube  towards  the  ground,  substantially  as  cle~ 
scribed. 


No.  12,995.— Charles  H.  Dana. — Improvement  in  Seed  Planters.— Pat¬ 
ented  June  5,  1855.  (Plates  p.  23.) 

The  operation  of  this  seed  planter  will  be  understood  from  the 
claims  and  engravings. 

O  O 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  hinged  vibratory  mouthed  piece 
P  s  s >  at  the  lower  end  of  the  staff  B,  with  the  projecting  portion  of  the 
front  slide  b  of  the  seed  box,  and  with  the  incision  plate  f  descending 
therefrom,  in  such  a  manner  that  a  downward  sliding  movement  of 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


273 


the  said  staff  upon  the  seed  box,  will  close  the  said  mouth-piece  upon 
the  incision  plate,  and  form  an  incisingplantingreeeptacle  for  depositing 
the  seeds  in  the  ground;  and  an  upward  sliding  movement  of  the  said 
slaff  upon  the  seed  box  will  force  open  the  "said  mouth-piece,  and 
leave  the  seeds  in  the  extreme  bottom  of  the  incision  formed  by  the 
said  planting  receptacle,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

I  also  claim  the  arrangement  by  which  1  positively  insure  the 
opening  of  the  mouth  piece  p  s  s,  of  the  planting  receptacle,  at  each 
upward  movement  of  the  handle  B,  viz:  by  means  of  the  projecting 
portion  j  of  the  plate  ^,  which  is  secured  to  the  seed  box,  or  its  equiva¬ 
lent,  operating  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,077.  Uriah  Bebee. — Improvement  in  Corn  Planters.— Patent¬ 
ed  June  19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  23.) 

r  Two  shafts  J,  attached  to  standards  E,  serve  as  handles  to  the  hoes 
K,  which  dragging  behind  the  machine  fill  the  holes  made  by  the 
planters  B,  and  cover  the  seed  in  the  earth,  the  forward  ends  serving 
as  levers  to  raise  wheels  A  when  required  to  adjust  the  planters.  The 
two  supports  L  attached  by  staples  to  shafts  J,  forward  of  the  axle- 
tree  F,  serve  as  fulcrums. 

I  claim  the  shafts  J  and  supports  L,  combined,  and  arranged,  and 
operated  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No,  13,151.— Oren  Stoddard. — Improvement  in  Corn  Planters  to  be  op¬ 
erated  by  hand. — Patented  June  26,  1855.— (Plates,  p.  23.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  wall  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

Fig.  3  represents  the  position  of  the  parts  of  the  machine  when  the 
plunger  C  is  down. 

The  inventor  says  :  Ido  not  claim  any  of  the  described  parts  sep¬ 
arately,  or  irrespective  of  the  arrangement  shown. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  follower  or  plunger  C,  dropping 
or  sliding  plates  d ,  and  agitators  or  distributors  formed  by  the  levers 
D  D,  provided  with  cross  arms  i  and  rods  j,  the  parts  being  operated 
as  shown,  and  for  the  purpose  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,185. — -Wm.  Stinson.- — Improvement  in  Corn  Planters.— Patented 

July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  23.) 

Corn  boxes  R  are  fastened  to  each  spoke  C,  and  have  doors  E  for 
filling  them.  Hinged  to  the  boxes  are  spades  F,  kept  shut  by  spring  I, 
In  each  ol  the  boxes  there  is  a  trough  K  divided  into  several  compart¬ 
ments,  and  at  the  bottom  of  each  compartment  is  a  hole  of  the  size  of 
a  kernel  of  corn ;  a  roller  L,  over  which  fits  the  concave  bottom  of  the 
trough,  is  provided  with  corresponding  holes,  each  sufficiently  large  to 
hold  a  kernel  of  corn.  The  roller  axles  are  provided  with  cranks  M, 
working  through  slots  in  the  rim  A,  and  operate  the  rollers  by  striking 


274 


I. - AGRICULTURE. 


against  a  pin  on  the  wheel  frame  B  ;  each  roller  making  a  semi-revo 
lution  backwards  and  forwards,  at  every  revolution  of  the  wheel,  brings 
each  time  the  roller  holes  to  correspond  with  the  trough  holes,  and 
consequently  a  kernel  of  corn  will  be  discharged  and  (as  the  wheel 
turns  and  the  spade  opens)  drop  out. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  spades  similar  to  mine  have 
been  used ;  but  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  seed  rollers  and  com 
box  in  the  spoke  of  the  wheel,  in  combination  with  the  spade,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,326. — Pierpont  Seymour. — Improvement  in  Seed  Planters. — Pa¬ 
tented  July  24,  1855. — (Plates,  p.  24.) 

The  seed  box  b  extends  from  side  to  side ;  one  side  of  this  box  is 
stationary,  and  the  other  side,  or  the  lower  portion  thereof  at  least,  is 
movable  to  or  from  the  stationary  part ;  the  two  ends  of  the.  seed  box, 
and  the  partitions  therein,  are  attached  firmly  to  the  stationary  side  thereof 
on  one  side,  while  on  the  other  they  are  furnished  each  with  a  spring 
bl  ;  the  movable  part  of  the  box  is  thus  forced  off  from  the  other,  so 
as  to  open  a  space  the  whole  length  of  the  bottom.  This  movable  por¬ 
tion  of  the  seed  box  is  jointed,  or  attached  to  the  ends  of  the  seed  box 
and  partition  by  the  angle  irons  or  plates  c,  which  extend  down,  cov¬ 
ering  the  springs  abovenamed,  and  prevent  clogging,  and  also,  serve  to 
maintain  the  side  at  a  proper  level,  and  not  to  let  it  fall  as  it  opens; 
a  series  of  bolts  d  pass  through  the  two  sides,  being  affixed  to.  the 
moving  side ;  on  the  stationary  side,  these  bolts  are  connected  with  a 
series  of  wedges  e  connected  together  and  sliding  endways,  so  as  to 
open  or  close  the  seed  box  to  any  desired  degree,  to  regulate  the  de¬ 
livery  of  seed.  The  grain-teeth  bar  A,  the  vibrating  plate /,  and  other 
moving  parts,  are  worked  by  a  cam  on  the  hub  ot  the  wheel  in  the 
ordinary  way.  The  apparatus,  for  raising  one  or  all  of  the  drill  tubes 
m,  consists  of  a  shaft  n,  on  which  is  affixed  a  series  of  bent  levers  O 
and  connecting  rods  p,  instead  of  the  usual  chains,  which  latter  are 
liable  to  be  tangled.  Fig.  1  represents  only  one  end  of  a  top  view  of 
the  apparatus. 

Claim. — First.  The  combination  of  the  movable  side  of  the  seed 
box  with  angular  hangings  c,  spring  b ,  fig.  3,  and  inclined  planes  or 
wedges  e,  or  their  equivalent,  for  the  purpose  of  opening  and  closing 
said  box,  and  thus  regulating  the  quantity  of  seed,  or  substance  to  be 
delivered. 

Second.  I  claim  the  slide  plate  J,  to  prevent  the  seeds  from  clogging, 
as  described. 

Third.  The  combination  of  the  angular  levers  o ,  having  their  ful¬ 
crum  or  inclined  standards,  or  its  equivalent,  with  the  rods  p,  linking 
them  to  the  drill  tubes  m,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,387. — Robert  W.  Fenwick  and  Reinhold  Boeklen. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Corn  Planters. — Patented  August,  7,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  25.) 

The  tube  K  is  to  prevent  the  entrance  of  dirt,  and  also  serves  for 
operating  the  slide,  as  it  yields  as  the  planting  tube  descends,  and 


I.—  AGRICULTURE. 


275 


consequently  turns  the  slide,  and  remains  stationary  as  it  rises,  and 
thereby  causes  the  slide  to  assume  its  original  position.  The  position 
of  the  swinging  slide  D,  at  the  time  the  planting  tube  A  is  being  thrust 
into  the  ground,  is  represented  in  dotted  lines  in  figure  1. 

The  inventors  say  :  We  claim  nothing  new  in  the  loose  covering, 
interior  ring,  or  tube  K,  separately  considered,  at  the  bottom  of  the 
planting  tube ;  and  are  aware  that  a  conical  valve  at  the  bottom  of  the 
planting  tube,  connected  with  a  seed  delivery  slide  for  operation  to¬ 
gether  by  a  lever  or  handle,  distinct  from  any  thrust  or  pull  imparted  to 
the  tube  itself,  and  emplo}fing  a  much  more  complicated  and  different 
arrangement  of  operating  gear,  has  before  been  used. 

We  claim ,  the  combination  and  arrangement,  as  shown,  of  the  swing¬ 
ing  seed  slide  D,  valve  H,  and  tube  K,  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No,  13,401  — Silas  G.  Randall  and  James  H.  Jones. — Improvement  in 

Seed,  Planters .- — Patented  August  7,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  25.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  will  be  understood  from  the  claim  and 
engravings. 

The  inventors  say:  In  that  class  which  open  the  soil  and  deposit 
the  seed,  by  dropping  rather  than  by  forcing,  a  device  has  been  used 
with  a  round  bivalvular  point  entering  the  ground,  and  dividing  in  such 
a  manner  as  to  displace  the  earth,  and  drop  the  seed;  also  another 
device,  by  which  a  solid  naked  wedge  pierces  the  soil,  and  the  seed, 
on  its  withdrawal,  is  dropped  into  the  opening;  also  another  device  by 
which  the  piston,  protruding  below  the  drill,  is  driven  upwards  by  the 
pressure  of  the  earth,  and  receiving  the  seed  in  a  cavity  in  its  side,  on 
lifting  the  machine,  is  pressed  down  by  a  spring,  and  discharges  the 
seed  against  the  earth,  while  the  piston  fills  the  hole  in  the  ground ;  we 
therefore  do  not  claim  any  of  these. 

But  we  claim  the  use  of  a  sheath  B,  and  a  tongue  C  filling  it,  so 
combined  with  a  lever  D  and  forcing  handle  G,  that  by  means  thereof, 
or  their  equivalents,  the  sheath  and  tongue  may  be  struck  into  the 
ground  as  one  solid  piece,  after  which  the  tongue  may  be  raised,  leaving 
the  sheath  in  the  earth  as  a  lining,  until  the  seed  is  deposited  through 
the  lining,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,419. — Andrew  J.  Barnhart. — Improvement  in  Corn  Planters .— 

Patented  August,  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  25.) 

By  the  movement  of  the  single  handle  F,  a  hole  is  made  in  the  earth, 
the  corn  deposited  therein  and  covered. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  a  box,  or  cylinder  and  plunger, 
have  been  previously  used  for  the  purpose  described.  A  patent  has 
been  granted  to  me  in  which  such  device  was  used,  though  differently 
arranged  and  operated  from  the  way  shown. 

I  do  not  claim ,  therefore,  the  box  and  plunger  for  the  purpose  shown, 
irrespective  of  the  mode  of  operating  the  same. 

But  operating  the  box  D  and  plunger  E,  by  means  of  the  rods  i  j  at¬ 
tached  to  an  oscillating  arm  A,  which  is  placed  on  the  shaft  of  the  dis- 


276 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


tributing  roller  C,  whereby  the  box  and  plunger  are  made  to  move  simul¬ 
taneously  in  opposite  directions,  as  shown,  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,551. — Freeman  Plummer  and  Gilmore  B.  Rollins. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Seed  Planters. — Patented  September  11,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  25.) 

«i  * 

The  forward  end  of  the  frame  is  supported  by  wheel  n ,  which  has  pro¬ 
jecting  from  one  side  of  it  one  or  more  pins  o,  which,  striking  the  tappet 
p,  temporarily  advances  the  rod  q ,  which,  in  its  turn  acts  by  means  of 
links  r  r  and  rods  s  s ,  to  vibrate  the  plates  h  g,  so  as  to  drop  the  seed. 
Immediately  upon  the  escape  of  the  tappet,  the  spiral  spring  t  pushes 
back  the  rod  q.  The  rods  s  are  made  extensible. 

We  claim  links  r  r,  in  combination  with  the  adjustable  rods  5  s,  when 
constructed  and  arranged  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,683. — Ebenezer  McCormick. — Improvement  in  Seed  Planters.— 

Patented  October  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  25.) 

In  order  to  furnish  a  guide  to  the  driver  when  to  deposit  the  seeds, 
the  ground  is  cross  marked  by  first  passing  the  machine  over  it  at  right 
angles  to  the  direction  in  which  the  rows  are  to  be  planted.  During 
this  part  of  the  operation,  the  drag  B  (connected  to  the  machine  by  a 
link  a,  and  kept  in  position  by  two  guide  rods  h)  is  let  down  on  the 
ground,  and  the  drill-teeth  R  are  raised  away  from  the  ground.  The 
machine  is  then  arranged  for  planting  by  hoisting  out  of  the  way  the 
drag  B,  and  letting  down  the  drill-teeth  sufficiently  for  depositing  the 
seed  at  the  required  depth. 

When  planting,  the  driver  causes  the  seed  bar  to  move  and  deposit 
the  seed  at  each  moment  when  crossing  one  of  the  marks  made  by  the 
drag  or  wheels. 

In  the  engravings  only  part  of  the  front  part  of  the  machine  is 
shown. 

Claim. — So  arranging  the  drag  B  with  its  link  and  guides,  and  the 
wheels  A  A,  with  regard  to  a  seeding  and  covering  apparatus,  such  as 
described,  as  that  they  shall  be  guides  and  markers  for  directing  the 
dropping  of  the  seed  at  stated  intervals,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,694.— -Francis  G.  Wynkoop,  assignor  to  Henry  L.  Edson. — 
Improvement  in  Seed  Planters.— Patented  October  16,  1855.  (Plates, 
p  25.) 

The  operator  takes  the  machine  by  the  handle  (at  the  upper  end  of 
the  machine  not  shown  in  the  engravings)  and  forces  the  spades  C  C 
into  the  ground  till  the  bars  of  the  spades  rest  upon  it,  then  forces  down 
the  slide  G,  which  turns  cylinder  A,  and  discharges  the  seed,  contained 
in  N,  into  tube  L  ;  this  movement  of  slide  G  will  also  open  the  spades 
which  are  hung  to  the  frame  I  by  rods  D,  and  pivoted  to  L,  which  latter 
fastened  to  slide  G ;  thus  the  seed  will  be  allowed  to  drop  out  of  the 


I. - AGRICULTURE. 


277 


tube  L.  The  spades  are  then  drawn  out  of  the  ground  while  open, 
which  causes  the  soil  to  fall  over  the  tops  of  the  blades  P  P  of  the  spades 
through  the  opening  in  their  sides,  completely  covering  the  seed.  The 
operator  then  draws  back  the  slide  G. 

Claim. — The  construction  and  arrangement  of  the  spades  C  C  with 
the  tube  L,  when  attached  to  and  operated  upon  by  the  slide  G,  for  the 
purposes  above  set  forth. 


No.  13,706. — Daniel  B.  Neal. — Improvement  in  Seed  Planters. — Pat¬ 
ented  October  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  25.) 

The  slides  a,  for  dropping  the  seed,  play  on  the  bottom  of  the  seed 
boxes  immediately  under  steel  springs  n,  which  springs  completely 
cover  the  slot  in  the  slide  when  drawn  out  for  dropping  the  seed. 
The  slides  and  shovels  c  are  worked  simultaneously  from  the  posts  m. 
The  shovels  swing  on  central  pivots,  and  play  ciosely  to  the  slots  in 
the  slides  a.  The  slots  1  in  the  slides  serve  to  receive  the  seed.  The 
guage  slides  b  can  be  set  so  as  to  diminish  or  enlarge  the  size  of  the 
slots,  to  adapt  the  machines  to  seeds  of  different  sizes. 

The  guage  slides  can  be  adjusted  by  unscrewing  the  posts  m,  and 
are  then  held  in  their  proper  position  by  again  tightening  the  posts. 
T  are  the  drill  teeth. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  shovel  c,  the  slotted  and  grooved 
slide  a ,  and  guage  slide  b ,  when  constructed  and  operated  in  the  man¬ 
ner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,794. — Thomas  R.  Markillie. — Improvement  in  Corn  Planters. — 

Patented  November  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  25.) 

The  weights  I  have  marking  points  l  and  arms  p,  said  arms  moving 
upon  guides  q  and  r.  When  a  weight  or  marker  I  has  passed  guide  q , 
it  falls  to  the  hub  of  the  wheel  upon  a  lever,  which  lifts  the  seed  slide 
f;  and  when  it  has  passed  guide  r ,  it  falls  to  the  rim  of  the  wheel  on 
another  lever,  which  lifts  the  stopper  weight  m,  which  allows  the  seed 
to  drop  to  the  groumd. 

Claim. — The  reciprocating  weighted  markers  I,  acting  substantially  as 
described,  to  perform  the  double  function  of  operating  the  planting  ap¬ 
paratus  and  marking  the  hills,  as  specified. 


No.  13,820. — D.  W.  Hughes. — Improvement  in  Hand  Seed  Planters. — 

Patented  November  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  25.) 

The  two  positions  of  the  instrument,  represented  in  the  engravings, 
will  explain  the  nature  of  the  improvement. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  separately,  or  in  itself,  the  perfor¬ 
ated  slide  D  working  in  a  seed  box  for  distributing  seed ;  for  that  is  an 
old  and  well  known  device. 

But  I  claim  the  seed  box  C  and  perforated  slide  D,  when  attached  to 
the  blades  A  A,  connected  by  a  joint  a,  arranged  substantially  as  shown, 
for  the  purpose  specified. 


278 


I. - AGRICULTURE. 


f 


No.  14,003. — Ancil  Stickney. — Improvement  in  Hand  Seed  Planters. — 

Patented  December  25,  1855. — (Plates,  p.  25.) 

As  the  planter  is  lifted,  plunger  B  slides  up  till  cup  F  is  filled  with 
seed  and  comes  above  the  upper  edge  of  plate  G,  when  the  seed  falls 
out  of  the  cup  and  is  conducted  by  D  down  into  the  angular  space  be¬ 
tween  C  and  N,  and  under  the  lower  end  of  B.  When  the  planter  is 
struck  into  the  ground,  the  wedge  C  N  enters  as  far  as  I,  when  B  de¬ 
scends  and  crowds  the  lower  end  of  jaw  C  open,  and  expels  the  seed; 
the  spring  E  prevents  the  seed  in  the  box  running  out  through  F,  when 
F  is  above  G. 

Spring  M  prevents  the  plunger  from  sliding  downwards  upon  the 
seed  box,  in  operating  the  machine,  until  after  the  lower  edge  of  C  N 
has  entered  the  ground  to  the  proper  depth. 

Claim. — In  a  seed  planter  having  a  wedge-shaped  planting  receptacle, 
whose  hinged  side  is  closed  by  the  action  of  a  spring,  combining  the 
plunger  of  said  planter  to  any  suitable  portion  of  the  seed  box,  by  means 
of  a  spring  of  sufficient  thickness,  to  prevent  said  plunger  in  operating 
the  planter  from  sliding  downwards  on  the  seed  box,  and  opening  the 
planting  receptacle,  before  said  receptacle  has  penetrated  to  the  de¬ 
sired  depth  into  the  ground,  to  deposit  the  seed  contained  in  it,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,241. — Aunt  ox  Smith. — Improvement  in  Ploughs. — Patented 

January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  25.) 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  any  of  the  separate  parts  of  my 
plough  as  new,  and  I  am  aware  that  the  ploughs  have  been  united 
somewhat  like  mine;  but  so  that  both  must  advance  together,  and  one 
must,  when  raised  alone,  rotate  upon  and  affect  the  other,  whilst  my 
separate  ploughs  may  move  freely. 

Therefore,  I  claim  the  manner  of  coupling  plough  1  with  plough  2, 
by  means  of  hinged  slide-rods  D,  bar  E,  and  rod  F,  for  the  purpose 
of  allowing  each  plough  a  somewhat  free  and  independent  motion,  and 
yet  bring  the  plough  under  the  control  of  one  hand  of  the  ploughman, 
and  in  some  degree  control  both  ploughs,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,310. — Alfred  Doe. — Improvement  in  Ploughs. — Patented  Janu- 

uary  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  26.) 

The  body  J,  with  the  point  L,  and  shares  M,  can  be  vibrated  on 
pivots  o  and  i ,  from  position  represented  in  figure  1,  in  full  lines,  into 
the  position  represented  in  dotted  lines,  and  can  be  raised  up  on  the 
opposite  side  of  standard  F,  to  the  position  represented  in  figure  2. 
The  front  standard  F  has  an  enlarged  projection  Q,  with  two  sockets 
for  the  pivots  of  the  furrow  boards  R  and  S.  Furrow  board  R  is  de¬ 
signed  for  level  land  or  side-hill  ploughing,  and  has  an  arm  T  hinged 
to  the  stand  U,  so  that  it  can  be  turned  to  either  of  the  positions 
represented  in  the  engraving.  The  left  hand  furrow  board  is  just  the 
reverse  of  the  one  described,  (the  right  hand  one,)  and  is  applied  to 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


279 


the  opposite  side  of  the  plough  with  its  appurtenances,  for  level  land 
and  side-hill  ploughing.  The  left  hand  furrow  board  can  be  removed, 
and  a  sub-soil  furrow  board  S  put  in  its  place,  the  rear  end  of  which 
is  made  to  stand  higher  and  further  from  the  beam  than  the  common 
furrow  board  ;  and  its  lower  end  is  curved  as  seen  at  r,  so  as  to  raise 
the  sub-soil  furrow  up,  and  carry  it  out  and  turn  it  upon  the  top  of  the 
common  furrow  just  ploughed,  when  the  plough  runs  in  the  opposite 
direction. 

Claim. — First.  Two  separate  furrow  boards,  arranged  to  vibrate 
perpendicularly,  independent  of  the  point  and  share,  so  as  to  turn,  alter¬ 
nately,  right  and  left  furrows  on  level  or  inclined  land,  with  equal  fa¬ 
cility  ;  operating  in  combination  with  a  swivel  point  and  shares  arranged 
to  vibrate  under  the  land  slide,  with  the  body  or  front  portion  of  the 
furrow  board,  substantially  as  described. 

.  Second.  In  combination  with  the  swivel  point,  shares,  body,  and  one 
of  the  furrow  boards  mentioned  in  the  above  claim,  I  claim  a  sub-fur¬ 
row  board,  arranged  to  vibrate  perpendicularly,  so  constructed  as  to 
turn  a  sub-soil  furrow  in  one  direction,  upon  the  top  of  the  furrow  just 
ploughed  in  the  opposite  direction,  thereby  making  it  serve  as  a  com¬ 
mon  plough  in  one  direction,  and  a  sub-soil  in  the  other,  substantially 
as  described.  . 


No.  12,381. — George  Esterly. — Improvement  in  Ploughs. — Patented 

February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  26.) 

The  mould  board  and  share  are  bolted  on  the  edges  of  the  form  lay, 
the  rebates  D  E  forming  supports  or  guards  to  the  same,  and  the  edges 
of  the  mould  board  and  share  are  in  contact  with  the  edges  of  ledge 
B,  the  ledge  being  between  them.  The  use  of  a  wider  or  narrower 
ledge  B  will  allow  to  insert  mould  boards  and  shares  of  various  thick¬ 
nesses.  The  portion  A  is  raised  sufficiently  to  correspond  to  the  thick¬ 
ness  of  the  mould  board  and  share. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  a  standard  has  been  cast  with 
wings  to  support  the  shares  and  mould  board. 

But  I  claim ,  casting  the  standard  G  with  raised  portions  A,  land  side 
H,  and  form  lay  K,  all  in  one  piece,  to  be  employed  either  with  or 
without  projection  B,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,387. — John  W.  Hazzard  and  Geo.  Bull. — Improvement  in  Ro¬ 
tary  Vlougks. — Patented  February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  26.) 

This  improvement  consists,  1st,  in  arranging  the  ploughs  on  rods  H, 
passing  horizontally  through  the  lower  end  of  a  vertical  revolving  shaft 
D,  so  that  they  shall  travel  in  the  path  of  a  horizontal  circle.  By  thus 
arranging  the  ploughs,  the  ploughing  up  and  pulverization  of  the  soil  is 
to  be  effected  by  simply  passing  over  it  once  ;  2d,  in  having  each  of 
the  rods  H,  which  support  the  ploughs,  turn  slightly  on  a  fulcrum  pin  f 
at  the  centre  of  their  length,  in  the  path  of  a  vertical  circle,  and  com¬ 
bining  therewith  an  inclined  semi-circular  way  K,  (i  K  and  h  K  repre 


280 


1. - AGRICULTURE. 


sent  the  inclined  parts  of  said  way,)  for  the  end  ol  said  rods  to  move 
under,  and  to  be  depressed  as  the  ploughs  revolve.  Thus  the  ploughs 
enter  the  soil  when  they  come  alongside  or  commence  to  pass  round  in 
front  of  the  vertical  revolving  shaft,  and  are  thrown  out  of  contact  with 
the  same  when  they  commence  to  pass  round  to  the  back  of  said  shaft; 
and  by  this  means  the  inventor  means  to  avoid  all  liability  of  the 
ploughed  soil  being  disturbed  by  the  ploughs  in  passing  behind  the 
shaft ;  3d,  in  employing  a  gang  of  circular  cutters  J  on  the  ends  of  the 
arms  H  which  support  the  ploughs,  which  cutters  revolve  together 
with  the  ploughs  as  well  as  on  their  journals.  These  cutters  are  to  cut 
up  and  pulverize  all  weeds  and  other  obstructions  which  might  tend 
to  choke  up  the  ploughs. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  and  combined  operation  of  the  ploughs 
I  I  I  I,  cutters  J  J  J  J,  and  semi-circular  way  K,  substantially  as  and 
for  the  purposes  described. 


No.  12,398. — Ira  Reynolds. — Improvement  in  Ploughs. — Patented 

February  13,  1855.  (Plates  p.  26.) 

The  share  m  is  reversible  ;  the  rear  portion,  being  left  straight  and 
flat,  forms  the  nut  for  the  screw  tap  n,  and  is  so  arranged  that  when 
the  share  is  reversed  the  screw  tap  n  will  fit  either  side,  while  the 
straight  flat  portions  will  correspond  with  the  face  of  the  mould  board. 

Tne  coulter  consists  of  two  bladesyy1,  both  exactly  alike.  It  is  fitted 
with  its  apex  into  the  inclined  notch  of  the  plate  K,  and  has  two  other 
bearings,  one  in  the  notch  l  and  the  other  on  the  surface  at  the  point 
s.  As  soon  as  fitted  in,  and  when  forced  back  by  the  operation  against 
the  earth,  it  secures  itself  firmly  in  place  on  the  three  several  bear¬ 
ings. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  plough  points  have  been  con¬ 
structed  with  oblique  shoulders,  a  corner  of  which  was  made  to  bear 
somewhat  like  the  shoulders  in  my  plough  point. 

But  I  claim ,  first,  the  laterally  extending  shoulder  r1  r1,  drawn  back 
against  and  somewhat  between  the  two  shoulders  r  r,  in  order  to  hold 
the  point  securely  in  place,  and  prevent  the  breaking  of  the  shank  t 
near  the  shoulder,  in  the  operation  of  ploughing,  substantially  as  set 
forth. 

Second.  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  within  described  reversible 
steel  share,  as  secured  to  the  face  of  the  mould  board,  by  means  of  a 
screw  bolt  inserted  from  the  lower  side,  the  female  screw  being  formed 
in  the  steel  share,  as  set  forth. 

Third.  I  claim  the  reversible  self-fastening  coulter,  constructed,  se¬ 
cured,  and  arranged  in  manner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  12,466. — David  Russell. — Improvement  in  Spade  Ploughs. — Pat¬ 
ented  February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  26.) 

A  A1  are  bars  which  are  secured  to  the  double  crank  a  a  at  their 
upper  ends;  the  bars  are  secured  by  means  of  four  connecting  rods  b 
to  a  stationary  crossbar  c ,  the  rods  b  working  freely  on  joints.  The 


I. - AGRICULTURE. 


281 


lower  ends  of  bars  A  A1  are  provided  with  cutters  d  d,  which  are  set 
at  a  proper  pitch  to  enable  them  to  enter  the  surface  easily. 

The  inventor  says:  I  am  aware  that  upon  a  revolving  horizontal 
cylinder  both  movable  and  fixed  spades  have  been  arranged  to  dig  up 
the  soil ;  therefore,  I  do  not  claim  such  devices. 

But  I  claim  the  cutter  bars  A  A1,  said  bars  being  provided  with  cut¬ 
ters  at  their  lower  ends,  and  operating  in  the  manner  and  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  set  forth. 


No.  12,627. — Thos.  J.  Hall. — Improvement  in  Ploughs. — Patented 

April  3,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  26.) 

The  cutter  B  swivels  in  the  beam  A,  and  is  supported  by  an  arm  near 
its  edge  so  as  to  follow  the  direction  of  the  point  of  the  beam. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  a  cutting  wheel  in  connection  with 
a  plough,  as  this  has  been  done  repeatedly. 

But  I  claim  so  hanging  the  cutter  to  the  beam  that  it  may  swivel 
therein,  in  combination  with  the  supports  at  the  edge  of  the  wheel,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  set  forth  and  described. 


No.  12,650. — Noah  Warlick. — Improvement  in  Ploughs. — Patented 
April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  27.) 

This  plough  can  be  adjusted  to  cut  at  an  angle  more  or  less  oblique 
to  a  horizontal  plane  by  loosening  set  screw  e,  and  inserting  a  block 
between  the  beam  and  front  prong,  as  shown  by  dotted  lines  in  fig.  1. 
By  removing  pin  g  and  bringing  holey  opposite  hole  fl,  the  plough  is 
made  to  cut  at  an  angle  less  oblique 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  whale  lance-shaped  point 
separately. 

But  I  claim  the  whale  lance  shaped  point  D,  having  a  notch  in  its 
upper  side  to  receive  the  lower  end  of  the  coulter,  in  combination  with 
said  coulter  and  the  Y  shaped  adjustable  double  brace  C  C1,  as  set 
forth. 


No.  12,791. — Thomas  J.  Hall. — Improvement  in  Gang  Ploughs. — 

Patented  May  1,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  27.) 

The  cross-beams  E  E1,  which  sfide  in  guide  grooves  I),  in  the  uprights 
C  C,  can  be  raised  or  lowered  by  means  of  cords  a,  shaft  «,  and  crank 
c ,  and  secured  at  a  desired  height  by  pawl  and  ratchet  e  d.  The 
plough- beams  F  are  pivoted  to  the  front  cross-beam  E,  and  rest  with 
their  rear  ends  (weighted  with  adjustable  weights  G)  in  open  mortises 
cut  in  the  rear  cross-beam  E1,  so  as  to  be  free  to  rise  with  the  plough 
attached  to  it,  should  it  be  thrown  out  of  the  ground.  At  both  the 
front  and  rear  of  the  plough-frame  A  B  are  two  levers  L  M,  having 
their  fulcra  at  n ,  the  inner  points  of  the  levers  being  kept  in  contact  by 
a  spring  m.  The  outer  ends  of  the  levers  have  pins  o,  which  pass 
through  holes  in  the  uprights  C,  into  the  cross-beams  E  E1,  to  hold 


282 


I. - AGRICULTURE. 


them  in  place  after  they  have  been  adjusted  by  means  of  the  cranks 
and  cords  as  above  said. 

The  inventor  says :  1  do  not  claim  a  gang  of  ploughs,  nor  do  I  claim 
the  hanging  of  the  ploughs  to  hinged  or  pivoted  beams ;  these  being 
well  known. 

But  I  do  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  ploughs  and  pivoted  beams, 
with  the  adjustable  cross-beams,  so  that  the  ploughs  may  have  a  con¬ 
venient  permanent  adjustment,  in  connexion  with  their  self-adjusting 
property  in  the  plough-beam,  as  set  forth  and  described. 


No.  12,838. — E.  C.  Tavenner  and  O.  Nesmith.  —  Improvement  in 

Ploughs . — Patented  May  8,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  27.) 

The  mould-board  J  not  being  cast  in  one  piece  with  the  standard  a  a, 
the  mould-board,  when  worn  out,  can  be  replaced  by  a  new  one. 

The  fend-ofFK  is  formed  of  a  grooved  piece,  conforming  to  the  shape 
and  lapping  around  or  resting  on  each  side  of  the  front  edge  of  the 
coulter  L,  and  is  connected  with  the  standard  a  by  a  stay-rod  m  and 
nut  f  The  shank  S  of  the  coulter  does  not  pass  through  the  draft-beam 
o,  but  is  adjustably  attached  to  the  land  side  thereof  by  stirrup  and  nuts 
g  g .  The  fend-off  is  intended  to  obviate  the  clogging  of  the  coulter, 
because  of  the  convex  surface  of  the  fend-off,  which  prevents  the  soil 
from  hugging  or  sticking  fast. 

The  inventors  say  :  We  do  not  claim  the  lip  piece  b  6,  toe  piece  S, 
or  grooved  rest  piece  c. 

But  we  do  claim  the  land  side  plate  a  a  a  a ,,  in  combination  with  the 
fend-off  or  cleaner  K  K,  constructed  and  arranged  substantially  in  the 
manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,082. — L.  G.  Evans. — Improvement  in  Ploughs. — Patented  June 

19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  27.) 

By  means  of  nuts  h1  g  the  position  of  all  the  parts  below  the  beam 
may  be  adjusted,  either  to  make  the  plough  run  shallow  or  deep,  or  to 
give  it  more  or  less  land,  as  desired.  The  mould-board  d  is  made 
adjustable  by  means  of  screws  e  e1,  having  pivot  nutsp  p1,  the  latter 
being  attached  to  the  upper  part  f  of  the  land  side,  and  the  screws  e  e 1 
to  the  mould-board.  The  other  end  of  the  mould-board  is  secured  to 
the  standard  h  by  means  of  set  screw  l. 

I  claim ,  connecting  and  arranging  the  mould -board  d ,  la  nd  side  m, 
and  coulter  c ,  in  such  a  manner  that  they  are  together  capable  of  a 
vertical  and  lateral  adjustment,  in  addition  to  the  particular  adjustment 
of  the  mould-board,  as  described. 


No.  13,191. — Nicholas  Whitehall. — Improvememt  in  Ploughs. — Pat¬ 
ented  July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  27.) 

The  driver,  seated  on  seat  W,  can  regulate  the  action  of  the  ploughs 
A,  by  means  of  operating  the  handles  O.  The  dotted  lines  represent 
the  ploughs  and  handles  when  depressed. 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


283 

The  inventor  says  :  Disclaiming  all  the  devices  separately  considered, 
I  claim  the  arrangement  and  connexion  of  the  handles  O  O,  arms  M  M, 
plough-beams  C  C,  and  seat  W,  for  the  purpose  of  operating  ploughs,  in 
the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,228. — Adonijah  Peacock  and  Simeon  Peacock. — Improvement 
in  Attaching  Cast  Point  to  Steel  Mould  Boards  of  Ploughs-  Patented  J  uly 
10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  27.) 

The  inventor  says  :  We  claim  nothing  new  in  the  form  of  the  solid  cast 
metal  point  which  we  use,  except  the  recess  or  shoulder  at  B  C,  fig.  1, 
for  the  purpose  of  attaching  the  steel  part  of  the  mould  board  to  the  cast 
point ;  the  balance  of  the  point  being  similar  in  principle  to  the  point  of 
a  cast  mould  board  in  common  use,  with  all  its  bolts  and  screws. 

We  claim  nothing  new  in  the  steel  mould  board  which  we  use,  except 
cutting  the  point  off  at  B  C,  fig.  2,  which  is  generally  done  at  a  distance  of 
from  six  to  eight  inches  from  A,  fig.  1,  for  the  purpose  of  attaching  to  the 
cast  point  at  B  C. 

We  claim,  in  the  manufacture  of  mould  boards  for  ploughs,  the  use  of 
a  solid  castmetal  point,  as  described,  in  connexion  with  steel  or  other 
wrought  metal  mould  boards  for  ploughs  when  united  therewith,  as  de¬ 
scribed,  or  any  way  equivalent  thereto,  so  as  to  form  of  the  two  parts 
a  mould  board,  the  greater  part  of  whose  surface  is  steel  or  other 
wrought  metal,  and  the  point  or  front  part  of  solid  cast  metal  as  a 
wearing  point. 


No.  13,493. — Jno.  L.  Gill. — Improvement  in  Ploughs. — Patented  August 

28,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  27.) 

Figure  1,  view  of  the  plough  from  the  mould  board  side. 

Figure  2,  view  from  the  land  side. 

Figures  5,  6,  and  7,  views  of  the  single  parts  of  the  ploughs. 

Figure  4,  view  from  the  underside  of  the  share. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  a  combined  steel  and  cast-iron 
mould  board  has  been  used,  and  afso  that  a  cast  standard  has  been 
used ;  these  1  do  not  claim.  Neither  do  I  claim  any  of  the  parts  used 
separately. 

But  I  claim  a  plough  composed  of  a  steel  mould  board,  cast-iron  share, 
sheath,  and  land  side,  when  the  several  parts  are  arranged  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,653. — Harrison  Norton. — Improvement  in  Ploughs.  Patented 

October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  27.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings.  Fig.  1  represents  two  positions  of  the  parts  referred  to 
.  in  the  claim,  one  in  lull  and  the  other  in  dotted  lines. 

Claim. — Attaching  the  share  E  to  the  mould  board C  and  “land  side” 
D  of  the  plough,  by  a  hinge  or  joint,  and  moving  said  share  by  means 
of  the  bar  G  and  lever  H,  or  their  equivalents,  substantially  as  shown 
and  described. 


284 


I. - AGRICULTURE. 


No.  13,865. — Thomas  A.  Chandler. — Improvement  in  making  Plough 

Mould  Boards. — Patented  December  4, 1855.  (Plates,  p.  28.) 

Roller  B  moves  on  eccentric  journals  C  CL  The  curved  clamp 
plate  D  has  the  shaft  E1  E1  secured  to  it ;  the  journals  E1  E1  are  par¬ 
allel  to  journals  C  C1.  Lever  G  is  jointed  to  D  in  H.  The  cam  end 
of  lever  G  presses  against  roller  B;  by  which  arrangement  of  the  lever 
with  the  clamp  plate,  the  clamp  plate  is  operated  in  securing  the  steel 
plate  to  the  roller,  and  relinquishing  it  in  the  process  of  being  formed 
into  a  mould  board.  The  press  plate  J  moves  upon  journals  K  K 
these  journals  and  the  edge  of  the  plate  are  parallel  to  the  face  of 
roller  B  and  its  journals  ;  L  lever  attached  to  J  ;  L  lever  attached  to  jour¬ 
nal  C.  The  steel  plate,  properly  heated,  is  placed  on  roller  B,  the 
edge  of  which  is  passed  under  the  clamp  D,  and  held  by  the  action  of 
lever  G,  on  plate  D  ;  the  press  plate  J  is  then  pressed  on  the  heated 
plate  by  lever  M;  then  by  turning  the  roller  (by  means  of  lever  L) 
backward  and  forward,  according  to  the  width  of  the  plate  being 
formed,  it  is  bent  into  the  shape  of  a  mould  board.  By  placing  the 
steel  plate  more  or  less  obliquely  to  roller  B,  a  longer  or  shorter  curve 
may  be  given  to  the  mould  board  with  the  same  sized  plate. 

Claim. — The  forming  eccentric  roller  B,  clamp  plate  D,  with  the  cam 
lever  G,  and  the  press  plate  J,  when  constructed,  arranged,  and  ope¬ 
rated,  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

No.  13,822. — Aaron  A.  Marcellus. — Improvement  in  Potato  Digger. — 

Patented  November  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  28.) 

The  plough  A  enters  below  the  potatoes  and  brings  them  on  its 
broad  share,  when  the  teeth  of  the  revolving  rakes  a  draw  them  up  th« 
separator  and  deliver  them  into  one  of  the  buckets  d  of  the  receiver  o. 
As  soon  as  the  bucket  is  full,  so  as  to  overcome  the  weight  of  lever  E, 
the  receiver  will  make  part  of  a  revolution,  and  the  potatoes  fall  to  the 
earth  in  a  heap. 

The  separator  C,  which  has  a  slight  vibratory  motion,  is  composed  of 
rods  united  by  a  cross-Thar  at  front  and  rear ;  the  rods  are  so  bent  as  to 
form  an  undulating  surface,  to  break  up  the  earth  more  perfectly. 

Claim. — In  combination  with  the  revolving  rakes,  the  undulating  sur¬ 
faced  separator  C  and  receiver  O,  when  arranged  in  the  manner  and 
for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

No.  12,169. — Emile  Sirret. — Improvement  in  Bakes. — Patented  Janu¬ 
ary  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  28.) 

The  rake  is  made  in  two  sections  D  D,  which  are  united  together 
by  collars  a  a  on  the  ends  of  the  vibrating  treadle  E  E,  and  at  their 
ends  by  thin  plates  6,  in  such  manner  that  either  one  or  both  of  them 
can  be  turned  a  short  distance  so  as  to  adapt  the  teeth  to  the  undula¬ 
tions  of  the  ground.  When  the  driver,  for  instance,  depresses  the  front 
end  of  the  treadle  E,  (which  turns  on  fulcrum  d,)  the  rear  ends,  with 
the  collars  and  the  rake,  will  be  depressed  thereby,  (by  means  ot  the 
resistance  of  the  hay,)  elevating  the  teeth  into  the  position  shown  in 
figure  1,  in  dotted  lines,  which  will  prevent  their  front  end  from  run¬ 
ning  against  the  hill. 


I. - AGRICULTURE. 


'  285 


The  jointed  treadle  F  G  turns  on  fulcra  dg,  and  serves  for  discharg¬ 
ing  the  hay  as  fast  as  the  rake  collects  a  bundle.  When  the  operator 
depresses  its  front  end,  the  back  forked  F  end  will  assume  the  position 
shown  in  figure  1,  in  dotted  lines,  and  bear  upon  the  hay  collected,  and 
hold  it  down  to  the  ground  until  the  rake  teeth  revolve  from  under  it, 
which  will  occur  as  soon  as  the  driver  depresses  both  treadles  E  and 
F  G  ;  the  weight  of  the  hay,  and  the  power  applied,  causing  the  rake 
teeth  to  take  into  the  ground,  and  the  forward  motion  of  the  horse,  with 
the  resistance  offered  by  reason  of  the  teeth  passing  into  the  soil,  caus¬ 
ing  the  rake  head  to  revolve,  and  the  lower  set  of  teeth  to  revolve  back¬ 
ward  from  under  the  hay,  and  allow  it  to  fall  to  the  ground  in  a  bundle. 
As  soon  as  the  hay  is  discharged,  the  treadle  F  G  and  the  rake  are 
caused  to  assume  their  common  position  ready  for  another  operation  by 
a  spring  h. 

Claim . — The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  the  treadle  E  is  not 
new ;  and,  therefore,  I  make  no  claim  to  it.  But  what  I  do  claim  as 
my  invention,  and  desire  to  secure  by  letters  patent,  is  : 

1st.  A  revolving  rake,  having  the  head  made  in  two  sections,  and 
arranged  and  operating  essentially  as  herein  described. 

2d.  In  combination  with  the  same,  the  employment  and  arrangement 
of  the  jointed  forked  treadle  F  G,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purpose 
set  forth. 


No.  12,396  . — S.  N.  Stillman  and  W.  F.  Stillman.— Improvement 
in  Garden  Rakes. — Patented  February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  28.) 

To  secure  the  teeth  C  in  the  head  A  of  the  rake,  circular  holes  are 
bored  in  it  on  its  under  side  about  two -thirds  the  way  through ;  the 
larger  ends  of  the  teeth  are  inserted  in  these  holes,  and  circular  wedges 
D  are  dipped  in  glue  and  driven  into  the  holes. 

Claim. — The  new  manufacture  of  garden  rake  described,  viz  :  a  rake 
having  curved  metal  teeth  inserted  and  fastened  into  the  head,  as  set 
forth. 


No.  12,547. — Alexander  H.  Gaston  and  Joseph  Smith. — Improvement 
in  Rakes  and  Elevators. — Patented  March  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  28  ) 

The  apparatus  is  attached  to  the  w7agon  W  by  means  of  arms  E  K. 
The  rollers  x  x  spread  the  belts  at  the  bottom  of  the  machine  for 
raking.  The  hay,  being  elevated  by  the  rakes  L,  is  caught  by  the 
revolving  forks  P,  and  thrown  on  the  wagon. 

Claim. — The  endless  belts  D  D  and  rakes  L,  in  combination  with 
the  rollers  X  and  revolving  forks  P  P,  for  the  purpose  of  raking  and 
loading  hay,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,596. — Thomas  N.  Ltjpton. — Improvement  in  Rakes  for  Reap¬ 
ing  Machines. — Patented  September  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  28.) 

The  gear  wheels  k  g  transfer  motion  to  crank  e,  whilst  wheel  j  (on 
the  axle  of  wheel  k)  works  the  wheel  h  on  collar  f  and  a  pinion  fast 
on  the  collar  gears  into  a  pinion  attached  to  the  sleeve  socket  L,  thereby 
revolving  the  latter.  The  collar  f  is  attached  to  the  slide  socket  q ,  so 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


286 

'that  the  latter  revolves  together  with  h.  The  pitman  s  is  pivoted  to 
the  sliding  arm  r  in  The  bevel  gear  n  p  actuates  the  rake,  which 
latter  is  caused  (by  means  of  the  described  arrangement  of  parts)  to 
maintain  a  parallel  position  relative  to  the  sides  of  the  machine  and 
the  grain  platform,  while  it  sweeps  across  the  platform. 

The  inventor  says :  Being  well  aware  that  cranks,  pitman  rods,  and 
gear  devices  have  been  employed  as  elements,  in  part,  of  the  mechanical 
construction  of  grain  harvesting  machines,  I  do  not  claim  such  devices 
separately. 

But  I  claim  the  construction  of  an  automatic  rake,  having  a  revolving 
tubular  or  sleeve  socket  L,  with  a  revolving  extension  or  reciprocating 
piston  rod  m,  a  slide  socket  q  q ,  with  a  sliding  arm  r  r ,  and  a  geared 
rake  device  W  W,  in  combination  with  the  collar  / /,  the  whole  being 
constructed  and  operated  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,632. — Wm.  J.  Keeney  and  James  R.  Tarbox. — Improvement  in 
Rakes  and  Hay  Elevators. — Patented  April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  29.) 

Figure  2  illustrates  the  working  of  the  spring  prongs  K11,  which,  when 
resuming  their  original  position,  after  every  passage  of  slot  N,  throw  the 
hay  resting  on  them  against  apron  F,  or  on  the  wagon  being  loaded. 
The  axle  P  is,  at  the  place  where  pinions  Q  Q  are  fixed  upon  it,  elong¬ 
ated  into  hub  U,  and  furnished  with  clutch  W,  which,  if  wheels  A  and 
B  revolve  in  the  direction  of  the  arrow,  falls  into  the  notches  X  cut  into 
hub  U,  thus  carrying  axle  P  and  pulleys  L  and  the  endless  rake  in  its 
revolution,  while  one  or  both  of  the  wheels  revolving  in  an  opposite 
direction,  the  clutch  slides  over  the  inclined  planes  of  the  notched  hub, 
leaving  axle  P  and  the  endless  rake  at  rest. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  apron  F,  endless  belt  M  M,  and 
elastic  clearers  K11,  either  alone  or  in  connexion  with  two  driving 
wheels,  clutches,  and  a  rake  placed  behind  for  the  purpose  of  raking 
and  elevating  hay,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,750. — Henry  Chatfield,  assignor  to  Henry  Chatfield  and 

Theodore  L.  Snyder. — Improvement  in  Rakes. — Patented  April  17, 

1855.  (Plates,  p.  29.) 

a  are  the  tines,  g  their  heads  provided  with  square  holes,  dthe  square 
bolt,  c  the  head  of  the  shank  provided  with  a  similar  square  hole,  b  the 
washers. 

This  arrangement  allows  to  replace  broken  teeth,  and  to  increase  or 
lessen  their  number. 

Claim. — Constructing  the  teeth  on  tines  of  a  rake  or  fork  separately 
with  square  or  an  equivalent  form  of  apertures  through  the  heads 
thereof,  and  uniting  them  by  a  single  bolt  accurately  fitting  and  passing 
through  all  the  said  apertures  and  through  a  similar  aperture  in  the 
shank  of  the  instrument,  the  teeth  or  tines  being  kept  at  suitable  dis¬ 
tances  apart  by  washers  or  blocks  placed  upon  the  bolt  between  them, 
or  by  enlarging  the  heads  thereof  for  the  same  purpose  ;  the  whole 
being  secured  firmly  together  by  a  nut  screwed  upon  the  end  of  the 
bolt,  or  in  any  other  suitable  manner. 


I  - AGRICULTURE. 


287 


No.  13,490. — Oliver  C.  Green. — Improvement  in  Harvester  RaJccs. — Pat¬ 
ented  August  28,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  29.) 

The  fender-board  L  prevents  the  grain  from  passing  back  of  the  grain 
platform,  and  its  upper  edge,  being  bent  over,  serves  as  a  guide  or  way 
for  a  friction  roller  at  the  end  of  an  arm  m ,  fastened  to  the  rake.  Du¬ 
ring  the  movement  towards  the  driving-wheel  D,  the  said  friction  roller 
passes  on  the  under  side  of  said  guide-way,  thereby  confining  the  rake 
to  its  work  and  preventing  it  from  being  raised  above  the  grain.  Im¬ 
mediately  before  the  rake  commences  its  return  motion,  the  friction 
roller  ascends  the  incline  M,  and  passes  then  (during  the  return  motion 
of  the  rake)  along  the  top  edge  of  said  guide-way,  so  as  to  keep  the 
rake  sufficiently  high  to  prevent  its  coming  into  contact  with  the  grain. 
The  head-block  G  of  the  rake  slides  on  way  b,  and  is  moved  from  the 
driving-wheel  by  means  of  the  device  S  O  Q. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  the  delivery  of  grain  at  right 
angles  to  the  line  of  draft  of  the  team  has  been  accomplished  by  means 
of  a  rake  travelling  across  the  platform,  in  conjunction  with  a  second 
rake  turning  in  a  segment  of  a  circle  ;  and,  therefore,  I  do  not  claim  the 
described  delivery  of  grain,  irrespective  of  the  means  by  which  it  is  ac¬ 
complished. 

But  I  claim ,  in  rakes  to  harvesters,  the  combination  of  the  rake  I, 
sliding-head  G,  way  or  guide  B,  fender-board  L,  and  inclined  plane  M, 
or  severally  of  their  equivalents,  operating  in  the  manner  and  for  the 
purpose  set  forth ;  so  that  with  a  single  rake  I  accomplish  the  rak¬ 
ing  of  grain  across  the  platform,  and  the  delivery  thereof,  in  the  manner 
substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,03*3. — Wm.  P.  Greenleaf. — Improvement  in  Fastening  Scythes  to 

Snaths. — Patented  June  12,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  29.) 

The  toe  D  is  placed  in  one  of  the  holes  B  ;  the  scythe  is  then  turned 
back  so  that  notch  C  fits  over  that  part  of  bolt  E  that  is  between  the 
bolt-head  and  the  snath.  By  turning  the  nut  H  the  scythe  is  fastened. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  separately  any  of  the  parts  or  de¬ 
vices  used  by  me  in  it. 

But  1  claim  the  mode  of  fastening  scythes  to  snaths,  by  the  employ¬ 
ment  of  the  ferrule  a  d,  at  the  end  of  the  snath,  the  bolt  E,  the  nut  H, 
the  notch  C  in  the  shank  of  the  scythe,  the  toe  or  claw  D  of  the 
scythe,  and  the  perforated  guide  plate  G,  constructed,  formed,  shaped, 
arranged,  and  operating,  as  described  and  set  forth. 


No.  13,496. — Benjamin  F.  Joslyn. — Imjrrovement  in  Scythe  Fastening . — 
Patented  August  28,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  29.) 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  shank  B  can  be  firmly  secured  to  the  hoop 
C,  by  simply  forcing  the  point  of  screw  E  against  the  end  e  of  lever  D. 

I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  lever  D,  as  applied  to  a  hoop  e,  as 
set  forth,  as  a  means  of  securing  the  shank  of  the  scythe  to  the  end  of 
the  snath. 


288 


I. - AGRICULTURE. 


No.  13,697. — Cyrus  Clapp. — Improvement  in  Scythe  Fastening. — Pat¬ 
ented  October  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  29.) 

The  fastening  of  the  scythe  g  to  the  snath  A,  by  means  of  ferrule  b , 
and  other  parts  referred  to  in  the  claim,  will  be  understood  from  the 
claim  and  engravings. 

Claim . — The  fastening  of  scythes  to  snaths  by  means  of  the  con¬ 
cave  socket  d  d ,  (figure  4,)  and  section  of  a  ball  e  e,  (figure  1,)  to 
which  the  scythe  g  is  attached,  and  the  centre  bolt  /,  as  described  ; 
the  whole  being  arranged  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  speci¬ 
fied. 


No.  13,105. — James  Selby. — Improvement  in  Seed  Drills. — Patented 

June  19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  29.) 

The  inner  ends  of  two  reciprocating  slides  meet  at  the  centre  of  the 
hopper,  which  is  provided  with  a  partition.  The  slides  E  have  aper¬ 
tures  c  arranged  in  pairs,  and  between  each  two  is  a  pin  d,  which 
pins  project  through  the  openings  e  in  the  bottom  of  the  hopper  D. 
Slides /  are  underneath  E.  The  shaft  H  and  cranky,  when  rotated  by 
means  of  gearing  F  G,  imparts  a  reciprocating  motion  to  the  slides  E, 
by  means  of  connecting  rods  l.  The  crank  can  be  elongated  or  short¬ 
ened,  and  fastened  by  set  screw  Jc.  The  seed  passes  through  e  and  c, 
in  quantities  regulated  by  placing  the  slides  /further  in  or  out,  so' that 
the  narrower  or  wider  parts  of  /  will  be  underneath  the  apertures,  and 
consequently  allow  of  the  escape  of  a  greater  or  smaller  quantity.  I 
are  the  usual  tubes  for  conve}fing  the  seed  to  the  ground. 

Claim. — Distributing  the  seed  by  means  of  the  transverse  slides  f 
in  combination  with  the  reciprocating  slides  E,  operated  by  means  of  an 
adjustable  crank  formed  by  the  sliding  bar  /  as  shown  and  described. 


No.  13,135. — Moses  D.  Wells. — Improvement  in  Seeding  Machines* — 

Patented  June  26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  30.) 

By  the  vertical  adjustment  of  the  agitator  B,  the  teeth  /  will  be 
caused  to  protrude  more  or  less  through  the  seed  escape  slot  a,  and 
thereby  a  greater  or  less  quantity  of  seed  will  be  allowed  to  escape. 
At  the  extremities  of  the  agitator,  and  held  in  place  by  the  pins  m,  are 
sliding  plates  p,  moving  with  the  agitator,  and  keeping  the  slot  at  its 
extremities  always  covered  ;  the  pins  m  passing  through  the  openings 
in  the  plates  p,  permitting  the  vertical  movement  of  the  agitator. 

The  inventor  says :  I  make  no  claim  to  the  serrated  agitator,  when 
susceptible  of  a  longitudinal  movement  only. 

But  I  claim  the  serrated  agitator,  adjustable  vertically  within  the 
slot  a ,  substantially  as  described,  for  regulating  the  discharging  capa¬ 
city  of  the  machine,  as  set  forth. 

I  also  claim  the  supplemental  slider  p,  arranged  and  operating  as 
described,  for  enabling  the  agitator  to  preserve  a  constant  reciproca¬ 
tion  under  all  changes  of  discharge  capacity,  as  specified. 


I. - AGRICULTURE. 


289 


No.  13,373. — Lucian  N.  Bigelow. — Improvement  in  Seeding  Machines. — 

Patented  July  31,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  30.) 

The  hopper  F  is  arranged  above  the  screen  D1,  and  has  an  aperture 
G  through  the  whole  length  of  its  bottom.  By  means  of  the  slide  H, 
placed  under  the  hopper,  and  the  rod  I,  which  can  be  shifted  in  the 
notches  K  on  standard  J,  the  quantity  of  grain  falling  into  the  screen 
can  be  regulated  or  entirely  confined  in  the  hopper.  A  similar  slide 
L  underneath  the  screen  serves  to  regulate  the  quantity  of  grain  fall¬ 
ing  from  the  screen  on  to  the  ground. 

I  claim  the  use  of  a  screen,  for  the  purpose  of  sowing  grain  broad¬ 
cast,  so  arranged  with  a  feeding  hopper  and  slides,  as  to  regulate  the 
quantity  of  grain  to  be  sown,  when  acted  upon  by  trip-hammers,  to 
secure  its  uniform  and  proper  distribution,  in  the  manner  set  forth. 


No.  13,530. — C.  Stephenson  and  G.  Stephenson. — Improvement  in 

Seeding  Machines. — Patented  September  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  30.) 

The  seed  falls  from  hopper  H,  through  slide  I,  over  deflecting  plate 
Z,  and  upon  the  concave  bottom  of  box  E.  The  shaft  L,  having  a  recip¬ 
rocating  motion,  works  the  tube  L1  up  and  down,  thereby  conveying 
seed  from  the  concave  bottom  to  the  seed  tube  F. 

We  claim ,  distributing  or  conveying  the  seed  from  the  box  E  to  the 
conveying  spout  F  by  means  of  the  tube  L,  with  plate  a1  attached ;  the 
tube  being  secured  within  a  shaft  L,  which  has  a  reciprocating  rotary 
motion. 


No.  13,664. — H.  R.  Smith. — Improvement  in  Seeding  Machines. — Pat¬ 
ented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  30.) 

As  the  machine  is  drawn  along,  the  wheels  H  I  revolve  in  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  the  arrows,  and  the  recesses  b  (which  can  be  made  of  de¬ 
sired  capacity  by  slides  regulated  by  set-screws  d)  take  the  seed 
from  the  hopper  F  and  carry  it  round,  (in  contact  with  the  wheel  I,) 
until  it  drops  on  to  the  guard  J  and  down  the  seed  tube  G. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  wheels  H  I  with  the  hopper  F,  when 
arraijged  substantially  as  shown  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  13,781. — E.  Darwin  Curtis.-—  Improvement  in  Seeding  Machines. — 

Patented  November  13,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  30.) 

When  the  seed  is  to  be  sown  broadcast,  the  valve  i  is  placed  mid¬ 
ways  between  the  two  prongs  of  the  distributing  tube  I  ;  but  when  the 
seed  is  to  be  sown  in  drills,  the  valve  is  turned  to  close  o  ie  of  the 
prongs,  as  r<  presented  in  the  engraving. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  distributing  tube  made  with 
forks  or  branches,  for  the  better  distribution  of  the  seed  in  sowing 
broadcast,  as  such  has  been  done ;  nor  yet,  of  itself,  irrespective  of 
its  construction,  arrangement,  and  operation,  substantially  as  specified, 
19 


290 


I  - AGRICULTURE. 


i 


the  combination  of  a  leaf  or  flap-valve  with  a  distributing  tube  for 
governing  the  discharge  of  the  seed. 

But  I  claim ,  providing  the  forked  distributing  tube  with  a  wedge- 
shaped  flap-valve  i,  arranged  in  relation  to  the  forks  as  and  for 
operation  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  substantially  as  specified. 


No.  13,893. — Moses  D.  Wells. — Improvement  in  Hand  Seed- Sowers. — 

Patented  December  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  30.) 

The  seed  distributer  consists  of  bar  B,  having  at  intervals,  corres¬ 
ponding  with  the  slotted  openings  in  the  bottom  of  the  hopper,  the 
cross  section  of  a  double  inclined  plane,  with  the  ridge  slightly  below 
the  upper  surface  of  the  bar;  this  bar  being  reciprocated  in  guides 
beneath,  and  in  contact  with  the  bottom  of  hopper  A,  so  as  to  close 
the  slots  where  the  double  inclined  planes  are  from  under  them,  and 
open  such  portion  thereof  for  the  discharge  of  seed  as  the  inclined 
planes  pass  under. 

If  desired  to  limit  the  discharge  of  seed,  then  the  bar  B  is  not  per¬ 
mitted  to  move  far  enough  to  carry  the  entire  inclined  plane  under  the 
slot;  lever  C  being  stopped  by  a  pin  g  in  one  of  the  holes  i  of  strap  I. 

Claim. — Effecting  the  seed  discharge,  and  regulating  the  amount  of 
the  same,  by  means  of  the  double  inclined  planes  f  of  bar  B  recipro¬ 
cating  without  the  hopper,  the  adjustment  and  operation  being  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described. 


No.  13,986. — Reuben  Hurd. — Improvement  in  Seeding  Machines . — Pat¬ 
ented  December  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  30.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engraving. 

The  inventor  says:  Ido  not  claim  the  employment  of  an  endless 
belt  or  elevator,  with  its  cup  or  buckets  for  taking  the  seed  from  the 
hopper  and  depositing  it,  by  the  inversion  of  the  buckets,  down  a  con¬ 
veying  tube  to  the  hollow  share  ;  as  such,  under  a  different  construction, 
arrangement,  and  operation  of  parts,  has  before  been  done. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement,  substantially  as  shown  and  described, 
of  the  elevator  or  belt,  with  its  buckets  or  seed  cups  m,  with  the  con¬ 
veying  spout  M,  and  seed  box  F,  the  latter  being  provided  with  a 
spring-valve  Q,  or  movable  bottom,  opening  upwards ;  and  the  said 
cups  or  buckets  passing  through  said  bottom,  exclusively  in  or  during 
the  upward  travel  of  the  elevator,  as  specified. 


No.  12,760. — Palmer  Lancaster. — Improvement  in  Implement  for 
Shearing  Sheep. — Patented  April  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  31.) 

The  object  of  this  improvement  is  rapidity  of  operation,  and  preven¬ 
tion  of  mincing  or  cutting  the  wool  twice,  or  cutting  the  animal. 

The  handle  C,  which  is  attached  to  sliding  frame  B,  is  moved  back 
and  forth,  and  thereby  the  shears  are  worked  in  the  manner  apparent 
rom  the  illustration. 


I. - AGRICULTURE. 


291 


Claim — . The  construction  of  the  implement  as  herein  shown  and 
described,  viz  :  Having  a  series  of  cutters  f  work  over  a  series  of  sta¬ 
tionary  cutters  h ,  the  cutters  f  having  a  vibratory  movement  given 
them  by  means  of  the  reciprocating  frame  B,  rake  D  D1,  pinions  F  F1, 
with  pawls  d  d  attached  to  them,  and  spur-wheel  G,  pinion  H,  and 
crank  pulley  I;  the  pinions  F  F1  being  placed  loosely  on  the  shaft  E 
of  the  spur-wheel  G.  The  above  parts  being  arranged  as  shown,  and 
operating  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,341. — John  Bean  and  Benjamin  Wright. — Improvement  in  Smut 

Machines . — Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  31.) 

By  having  the  air  go  through  the  smut-scourers  and  revolving-screens, 
it  assists  the  purifying  operations.  C  is  the  screen-case  of  the  separa¬ 
tor  ;  the  grain,  after  it  has  been  passed  through  the  separator,  is  placed 
in  receiving  box  R,  to  be  operated  upon  by  smut-cone  P.  M  N  are 
the  revolving-screens. 

The  inventors  say:  We  de  not  claim  the  leading  of  a  draught 
through  the  smut-scourers  and  revolving-screen,  irrespective  of  the 
manner  of  effecting  the  same. 

But  we  claim ,  supplying  air  to  the  fan  E  of  a  separator,  the  shoe  of 
which  is  arranged  in' connexion  and  at  right  angles  with  a  smut  ma¬ 
chine,  by  causing  said  air  to  pass  through  the  smut-scourers  and  re¬ 
volving-screens  of  said  smut  machine  on  its  way  to  the  fan,  as  described, 
and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,254. — John  A.  Pitts. — Improvement  in  Straw  Cutters. — Pat¬ 
ented  January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  31.) 

K  is  the  bar  over  which  the  straw  passes  out,  and  against  the  side  of 
which  the  knives  g  cut  shear  fashion.  The  end  h  of  said  bar  is  curved 
so  as  to  fit  over  the  shaft  j  of  the  cutter  wheel  I,  and  is  placed  be¬ 
tween  the  hub  of  it  and  a  collar  i  on  said  shaft,  to  keep  it  from  travers¬ 
ing  on  said  shaft.  The  other  end  k  of  the  bar  bends  around  so  as  to 
clasp  the  rim  of  the  wheel,  and  can  be  properly  adjusted  by  set- screws 
n  n,  which  bear  against  the  said  rim  of  the  wheel, 

Claim. — So  combining  the  cutting- wheel  and  bar,  as  that  the  edges 
of  the  cutters  must  always  pass  the  bar  at  a  fixed  adjustable  distance 
whether  the  tendencies  to  force  the  cutters  from  the  straw  be  great  or  not 


No.  12,331. — George  L.  Squier. — Improvement  in  Straw  Cutters. — 

Patented  January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  31.) 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim,  separately,  the  circular  cutters 
or  knives,  for  they  have  been  used  for  analogous  purposes. 

But  I  claim  the  combination  of  the  circular  cutters  or  knives  b  b[  and 
'  finger  plates  E,  with  the  fingers  d  attached  to  them,  when  said  cutlers 
and  finger  plates  are  secured  the  proper  distance  from  each  other  on 
their  shafts  B  B1,  by  means  of  the  rods  D  DL  and  nuts  c  c\  as  shown 
and  described. 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


292 

No.  12,407. — James  H.  Bennett. — Improvement  in  Straw  Cutters. — Pat¬ 
ented  February  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  31.) 

This  improvement  consists  in  so  arranging  a  flat  spring  G  over  the  front 
part  of  a  vertical  slot  C,  and  arranging  and  bevelling  the  knife  E,  that 
when  the  knife-lever  D  is  lowered,  the  knife  will  be  caused  to  bear 
upon  the  side  of  said  spring,  and  the  under  side  of  the  lever  against 
the  top  of  the  spring.  Thus,  as  the  knife  is  lowered,  lateral  pressure  is 
exerted  upon  it,  and  it  is  kept  close  to  the  guard  plate  c  in  order  to 
perform  a  perfect  cut.  After  the  cutting  is  performed,  the  spring,  by 
its  upward  pressure,  aids  in  raising  the  knife-lever. 

Claim. — The  use  and  arrangement  of  the  double-acting  spring,  in  com¬ 
bination  with  the  arrangement  and  bevelled  shape  of  the  knife,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,683. — Walter  Lackey. — Improvement  in  Straw  Cutters. — Pat¬ 
ented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  31.) 

A  flange  or  flanges  A  A  are  arranged  between  the  heads  B  B, 
the  edges  of  both  to  correspond  with  each  other  ;  they  are  so  placed 
as  to  pass  close  by  the  stationary  knife  C,  which  is  adjustable  by  screws  i. 
D  D  are  the  feed -rolls. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  self-feeding  flanges  working 
against  a  stationary  knife,  as  described  by  A.  S.  Macomber  in  his 
patent,  granted  November  5,  1850  ;  nor  do  I  claim  the  particular 
form  or  arrangements  of  the  parts. 

But  I  claim  the  use  of  the  heads  B  B  when  made  to  correspond  with 
the  flange  or  flanges,  to  facilitate  the  setting  of  them,  and  prevent  their 
striking  over  the  stationary  knife  or  bed. 

Also,  the  flanges,  in  combination  with  the  heads,  working  against 
the  stationary  knife,  as  above  set  forth. 

Also,  the  combination  of  the  flanges,  heads,  stationary  knife,  and 
feed-rolls,  as  described,  or  any  other  substantially  the  same. 


No.  12,694. — Ira  Rose.- — Improvement  in  Straw  Cutters— -Patented 

August  10,  .1855.  (Plates,  p.  31.) 

Shaft  G,  and  with  k  cam  H,  being  revolved,  the  yoke  I,  and  with  it 
knife  D,  receive  a  vertical  reciprocating  motion.  The  same  cam  H 
imparts  intermittent  motion  to  arm  J,  which  is  alternately  drawn  back 
by  spring  L.  Arm  J  rocks  the  shaft  K,  which,  by  means  of  lever  M, 
pawls,  and  ratchet-wheels  N.  transfers  an  intermittent  motion  to  the 
feed -rollers  C  C. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  feed  rollers,  neither  do  I  claim 
the  knife;  for  these  are  well  known  and  in  common  use. 

But  I  claim  the  combination  of  the  cam  H,  yoke  I,  and  lever  J, 
with  the  rock  shaft  K  and  pawls  M  M,  the  above  parts  being  con¬ 
structed,  arranged,  and  operating  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes 
as  herein  shown  and  described. 


I. — AGRICULTURE.  293 

No.  12,696. — David  Russell. — Improvement  in  Straw  Cutters. — Patented 
August  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  32.) 

Figures  1  and  3,  representing  the  moving  parts  in  two  different  posi¬ 
tions,  illustrate  fully  their  mode  of  operation. 

Claim. — 1st.  Knives  A  A,  in  combination  with  the  double  crank  B 
and  lever  C,  thereby  giving  to  the  knives  an  oscillatory  reciprocating 
motion,  by  which  means  I  obtain  two  shear  cuts  of  the  knives  at  each 
revolution  of  the  double  crank  B,  as  herein  described  and  claimed. 

2d.  The  cam-lever  K  and  crank  B,  in  combination  with  the  lever 
J  and  pawls  b  b,  ratchet  H  and  feed-rollers  G  G,  for  the  purpose  of 
feeding  the  straw  or  other  material  to  the  knives,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,699. — Thomas  C.  Simonton  and  Loren  J.  Wicks. — Im¬ 
provement  in  Straw  Cutters. — Patented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  32.) 

Cylinder  C  being  rotated,  the  knives  D  D,  as  they  rotate,  cut  the 
straw  as  it  passes  between  their  edges  and  the  under  surface  of  bed 
F,  which  moves  forward  by  the  pressure  of  the  knives  as  they  bear 
against  it,  and  is  alternately  drawn  back  by  spring  G  between  each 
two  cuts.  The  knives  and  bed,  by  their  operation,  give  the  proper  feed 
motion  to  the  straw.  The  feed  motion  may  be  modified,  so  as  to  cut 
the  straw  longer  or  shorter,  by  adjusting  throat-piece  I. 

The  inventors  say:  We  do  not  claim  the  adjustable  throat-piece  I, 
for  that  has  been  previously  used;  neither  do  we  claim  separately  the 
cylinder  C,  with  knives  D  D  thereon,  for  they  also  have  been  used. 

But  we  do  claim  the  combination  of  the  cylinder  C,  with  the  knives 
D  D  attached  to  its  periphery  and  vibrating  bed  F,  constructed, 
arranged,  and  operating  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  as  herein 
shown  and  described. 


No.  12,974. — Francis  Fitzpatrick. — Improvement  in  Straw  Cutters. — 

Patented  May  29,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  32.) 

B  is  the  rock-shaft,  and  R  the  knife,  attached  by  means  of  arms  c ; 
a  is  the  straw-box. 

Claim. — Arranging  the  rock-shaft  B,  on  which  the  arms  and  knife 
are  so  placed  as  to  give  a  draw  cut  in  front  of  the  straw-box,  and  dis¬ 
tant  therefrom  so  that  the  tendency  of  the  knife  to  push  away  from  or 
leave  the  straw  shall  be  resisted  or  met  by  the  ends  of  the  arms  in  a 
line  parallel  to  the  thrust,  and  thus  be  held  up  to  the  straw,  whilst  the 
mouth  of  the  straw-box  is  unencumbered  by  any  machinery  to  prevent 
the  feeding  up  of  the  uncut,  or  delivery  of  the  cut,  straw,  as  represented. 


No.  13,137. — Henry  Peckham. — Improvement  in  Straw  Cutters. — Pat¬ 
ented  June  26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  32.) 

The  knives  G  and  H  are  hung  upon  pivot  I,  so  as  to  be  swung  or 
carried  around  it  by  means  of  pivots  J  J  (at  the  opposite  ends  of  the 


294 


I. - AGRICULTURE. 


Knives)  traversing  in  slots  K  L  in  the  rotating  disc  M.  The  knives 
cut  the  straw  as  they  pass  by  the  face-plate  F . 

Claim. — One  or  more  knives  hung  on  a  pivot,  in  combination  with  a 
revolving  disc,  or  its  equivalent,  carrying  one  or  more  slots,  so  as  to 
operate  the  knife  or  knives,  substantially  as  described  and  for  the  pur¬ 
poses  set  forth. 


No.  13,215. — Lyman  Clinton. — Improvement  in  Straw  Cutters. — Pat¬ 
ented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  32.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

When  the  knives  are  in  the  position  represented  in  dotted  lines,  they 
commence  to  act  on  the  straw,  draw  it  out,  cut  it,  and  discharge  it. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim,  as  new,  placing  knives  or  cutters 
on  revolving  winged  arbors,  irrespective  of  the  peculiar  arrangement 
herein  shown  of  the  grooves  or  rebates  at  the  edges  of  the  wings. 

But  I  claim ,  placing  knives  or  cutters  F  on  the  wings  b  of  two  revolv¬ 
ing  arbors  or  shafts  C  C,  when  the  edges  of  said  wings  have  rebates  e 
cut  in  them,  so  as  to  form  lips  or  ledges  d  opposite  the  cutting  edges 
of  the  knives  or  cutters,  for  the  purpose  as  shown  and  described. 


No.  13,385. — Dewitt  C.  Cumings. — Improvement  in  Straw  Cwtters. — 

Patented  August  7,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  32.) 

The  knives  7  cut  upward  against  the  under  edge  of  plate  6.  The 
feed-rollers  5  51,  in  pressing  the  material  between  them,  loosen  the  dirt, 
which,  on  its  passage  from  the  rollers  to  the  cutting  edges,  falls  beneath 
the  machine,  instead  of  being  mixed  up  with  the  cut  straw  as  in  other 
straw  cutters. 

The  roller  51  receives  its  motion  from  pinion  53  by  means  of  an  uni¬ 
versal  coupling  4,  which  will  allow  the  roller  51  to  accommodate  itself, 
in  its  spring  bearings  9  9,  to  the  varying  quantity  of  feed  from  side  to 
side  of  the  feed-box.  The  pinion  53,  being  hung  in  a  yoke  8,  will  al¬ 
ways  remain  in  gear  with  pinion  53. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  upward  cut  in  itself,  as  that 
has  been  dene  before. 

But  I  claim ,  first.  The  upward  cut,  when,  the  material  is  fed  in  by  a 
distinct  device  for  that  purpose,  by  which  the  dirt  is  separated  from  the 
straw  or  other  material  to  be  cut,  passing  out  beneath  the  feed-rollers, 
instead  of  collecting  on  the  stationary  guard  or  cutting-plate,  substan¬ 
tially  as  and  for  the  purposes  specified. 

Second.  Operating  the  moveable  feed-roller  by  means  of  a  spur- 
wheel  hung  in  a  vibrating  frame  or  yoke,  with  a  universal  coupling  for 
connecting  its  axis  with  that  of  the  roller,  when  said  roller  is  supported 
on  spring- bearings  independent  of  each  other,  substantially  as  and  for 
the  purposes  specified. 


I. — AGRICULTURE. 


295 


No.  13.509. — John  A.  Thompson. — Improvement  in  Straw  Cutters . — 

Patented  August  28,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  32.) 

The  disc  cutter  A,  the  shaft  of  which  is  attached  to  the  gate  E,  rises 
and  falls  with  the  gate,  and  at  the  same  time  receives  a  rotary  motion 
through  the  pinion  C  on  the  disc  shaft  and  the  rack  D  fastened  to  the 
stationary  frame  R  of  the  straw  cutter.  Thus  the  disc  cutter  rises  to 
allow  the  straw  to  be  fed  in,  and  then  descends,  passing  through  the 
straw  with  a  rotary  motion,  which  gives  to  it  a  drawing  cut. 

I  claim  giving  the  cutting  disc  of  a  straw  cutter  a  combined  rotary 
and  reciprocating  motion,  in  the  manner  set  forth. 


No.  13,718. — Luther  B.  Fisher. —  Improvement  in  Straw  Cutters. — 
Patented  October  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  32.J 

Frame  i  being  operated  by  crank  c,  one  end  of  knife  h  will  alter¬ 
nately  be  higher  than  the  other  end  of  it,  and  vice  versa.  (See  position 
represented  in  dotted  lines.)  The  straw  is  fed  forward  by  the  side 
motion  of  the  knife,  which  is  caused  by  the  pin  7c,  at  one  end  of  the 
knife  working  in  an  oblique  groove  in  the  side  piece  q.  The  object  of 
rock-shaft  p  is  to  cause  both  pieces  n  n  (to  which  the  lower  knife  m  is 
secured)  to  vibrate  equally  as  they  move  with  the  knives. 

Claim. — Ear  7c,  in  combination  with  angular  groove  q,  pieces  nn,  and 
rock- shaft  p. 


No.  13,807. — Loren  J.  Wicks. — Improvement  in  Straw  Cutters. — Pat¬ 
ented  November  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  33.) 

-  The  curvilinear  motion  of  the  knife  E,  which  makes  it  self-feeding, 
will  be  understood  from  the  claim  and  engraving. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  elastic  or  self-adjusting  throat, 
as  that  lias  been  heretofore  used ;  neither  do  I  claim  the  adjustable 
throat  to  govern  the  length  of  the  cut. 

1  claim  hanging  the  knife  to  a  crank  shaft  J  and  to  a  pivoted  pitman 
H,  for  the  purpose  of  giving  it  the  curvilinear  motion  described. 


No.  13,849. — John  A.  Krake .—  Improvement  in  the  Method  of  Hanging 
the  Screens  of  Winnowing  Machines. — Patented  November  27,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  33.) 

The  screen  a  is  hung  on  arms  A  A,  and  the  screen  h  on  arms  B  B. 
This  method  of  hanging  the  screens,  which  will  be  understood  from 
the  engravings,  admits  of  a  side  to  side  motion,  and  no  other.  The 
spaces  at  the  sides  of  the  upper  shoe  a  and  the  sides  of  the  machine 
are  closed  with  a  thin  casing  p  extending  horizontally  from  the  front 
edge  of  the  apron  C  to  a  point  directly  above  the  rear  edge  of  the 
same.  The  shoe  a,  in  its  motions  from  side  to  side,  works  close  to  and 
above  these  casings,  thereby  preventing  the  escape  of  the  blast  from 
the  fan  as  it  passes  along  the  upper  apron  to  and  through  the  screen, 
where  light  substances  are  separated  from  the  grain. 


296 


I. - AGRICULTURE. 


Claim. — The  peculiar  arrangement  arid  combination  of  parts  described, 
by  which  the  action  of  the  screens  is  confined  exclusively  to  lateral 
vibratory  motion,  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  12,158. — Levi  De derick. — Improvement  in  Ox  Yokes. — Patented 

January  2 ,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  33.) 

Beam  B  connects  two  neck  blocks  A  (of  which  the  engraving  rep¬ 
resents  only  one) ;  C  is  the  centre  bolt,  and  D  the  flanged  thimble, 
which  is  screwed  into  the  neck-block,  together  with  the  bolt  C,  and 
secured  by  wood  screws  a.  The  bolt  passes  up  through  the  beam  and 
receives  a  key  E  on  the  upper  side  ol  the  beam ;  thus  the  surface  of 
the  block,  which  rests  directly  upon  the  neck  of  the  ox,  is  left  whole 
and  smooth. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  a  patent  has  been  granted  to 
Albert  Y7ose  for  a  semi-revolving  neck-block;  but  my  mode  of  fasten¬ 
ing  the  block  I  regard  as  an  improvement  upon  that  invention. 

Therefore,  what  I  claim  is  the  flanged  thimble  for  securing  the  centre 
bolts  of  separate  vibrating  neck-blocks  from  the  upper  side,  and  thus 
avoid  perforating  the  wood  on  the  underside,  which  rests  upon  the  neck 
of  the  ox,  as  described. 


No.  12,925. — John  Tucker. — Improvement  in  Ox  Yokes . — Patented 

May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  33.) 

The  boxes,  in  which  the  bows  are  placed,  approach  towards  and  re¬ 
cede  from  the  centre  of  the  yoke,  by  sliding  freely  upon  a  rectangular 
frame  which  is  attached  to  the  centre  box  of  the  yoke;  the  boxes  in 
which  the  bows  are  placed  being  severally  guided  by  a  geared  rack 
operating  upon  a  pinion  in  the  centre  of  the  yoke. 

Claim. — The  blocks  in  which  the  bows  are  set,  constructed  so  as  to 
slide  up  on  the  rods  d  d ,  etc.,  as  above  set  forth,  in.  lieu  of  having  them 
slide  upon  the  under  side  of  the  beam, to  prevent  injury,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,472. — Jno.  Woodward. — Improvement  in  Horse  Yokes. — Patented 

August  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  33.) 

E  and  E1  are  the  hame  connexions ;  A  the  beam. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  a  horse  yoke,  consisting  of  two 
eveners  or  horizontal  bars,  a  connecting  or  vertical  bar,  two  sets  of 
harness  and  hame  connexions,  arranged  at  the  upper  and  lower  ends  of 
the  harness;  such  being  represented  in  the  patent  of  Elijah  H.  Dant- 
forth,  granted  July  28,  1846. 

I  claim  contructing  and  arranging  the  hame  connexions  with  re¬ 
spect  to  a  single  beam,  whereby  such  hame  connexions  may  be  at¬ 
tached  to  the  middle  of  the  hames  instead  of  at  their  ends,  and  thereby 
render  but  one  bar  or  bearer  necessary  to  connect  the  harness  and 
the  pole  of  a  carriage. 


II. - METALLURGY. 


297 


II.— METAL  LURRGY. 


No.  12,237. — John  S.  Addison. — Improved  Gold  Washer  and  Amalga¬ 
mator. — Patented  January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  34.) 

The  engraving,  in  combination  with  the  claims,  fully  explains  the 
nature  of  this  improvement. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  employment  of  a  trunk  into 
which  the  ore,  dirt,  or  silicious  matter,  containing  the  metal  to  be  ex¬ 
tracted,  is  fed,  to  meet  an  ascending  column  of  water,  as  described; 
nor  the  operating  of  the  scraper  by  a  water-wheel  driven  by  the  en¬ 
trance  water,  either  of  itself  or  connected  with  other  devices. 

But  I  claim,  first :  Placing  such  a  trunk  I  above  a  box  D,  which  forms 
a  receptacle  for  the  gold  or  other  metal  separated  in  the  trunk,  and 
which  contains  a  proper  quantity  of  quicksilver  for  amalgamating  the 
said  gold  or  metal,  and  also  a  water-wheel  G,  which  is  driven  by  the 
entrance  into  the  said  box  of  the  water  which  is  to  form  the  upward 
current  in  the  trunk,  for  the  purpose  of  giving  motion  to  a  scraper  H 
to  agitate  the  quicksilver  to  promote  amalgamation,  all  substantially  as 
described. 

Second.  I  claim  the  arrangement  around  a  trunk  into  which  the  pul¬ 
verized  ore,  quartz,,  &c.,  is  fed,  to  meet  an  ascending  current  ot  water 
which  flows  through  and  over  the  trunk  of  one  or  more  troughs  K  M 
to  contain  quicksilver,  and  a  corresponding  number  of  over-hanging 
rims  J  L  situated  above  them  in  such  a  manner,  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed,  that  the  flow  of  water,  ore,  etc.,  over  one  rim  falls  into  the 
middle  of  the  quicksilver  in  the  trough  below  it,  and  keeps  the  same 
properly  agitated  to  amalgamate  with  it  the  whole  or  some  portion  of 
the  gold  or  metal  contained  in  the  overflow,  as  fully  set  forth. 


No.  13,645. — Samuel  Gardiner,  Jr. — Improved  Amalgamator. — 

Patented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  34.) 

The  mineral  matter  (in  a  pulverized  state)  is  fed  with  a  stream  of 
water  between  the  rollers  E  E,  which,  revolving  in  the  quicksilver 
trough,  are  kept  constantly  coated  with  quicksilver,  which,  being  spread 
over  a  large  surface,  has  ample  opportunity  for  collecting  the  gold  from 
the  pulverzed  material.  The  overflow  of  the  water  carries  the  matter 
over  the  sides  of  trough  F,  and  presents  it  in  a  thin  sheet  over  the  sur¬ 
face  of  the  rollers  A,  revolving  in  quicksilver  troughs  C  C.  By  this 
means  it  is  expected  every  particle  will  be  brought  into  contact  with 
the  quicksilver,  and  all  the  gold  amalgamated  ;  the  foreign  matter  will 
be  washed  away  by  the  water  overflowing  the  shelves  D.  The  jets  of 
waier,  from  the  cylinders  A,  are  to  keep  the  cylinders  clean,  and  keep 
the  matter  from  packing  between  the  rollers. 

I  claim ,  first :  The  hollow  perforated  rollers  A  A*receiving  water  at 


298 


II. - METALLURGY. 


their  journals,  and  discharging  it  in  small  streams  all  over  their  peri¬ 
pheries,  and  revolving  in  opposite  directions  in  a  trough  or  troughs  ol 
quicksilver,  so  that  their  upper  parts  are  constantly  approaching  each 
other,  and  having  the  auriferous  and  other  metalliferous  matter  fed 
above  or  between  them,  all  substantially  as  described. 

Second.  The  arrangement  of  the  amalgamatingrollers  and  the  distrib¬ 
uting  rollers  and  troughs,  substantially  as  shown  and  described,  where¬ 
by  the  matter  is  fed  equally  on  both  amalgamating  rollers  and  on  the 
descending  portion  thereof. 


No.  13,879. — Edward  N.  Kent. — Improvement  in  Amalgamators. — 

Patented  December  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  24.) 

The  earthy  matters,  containing  gold  or  silver,  are  supplied  by  means 
of  a  current  of  water  passing  from  pipe  m  into  pan  H,  in  which  they 
are  stirred  up  and  suspended  in  the  water  by  the  teeth  attached  to  the 
arms  I,  and  are  carried  thence  by  the  current  of  water  through  the 
small  feeding  tubes  l  l  into  the  centre  of  the  large  body  of  water  con¬ 
tained  in  vessel  E,  and  directly  in  contact  with  the  mercury  on  the 
bottom,  the  surface  of  which  is  kept  constantly  clean  by  the  revolving 
action  of  the  paddle  w’heel  h  h  on  the  shaft  Jc,  (the  shaft  being  re¬ 
volved  by  band  and  pulley,)  which  also  causes  an  outer  current  in  the 
space  between  the  wheels  and  the  sides  of  the  vessels  into  which  the 
earthy  matters  are  thrown  by  the  revolution  of  the  paddle-wheels, 
thus  allowing  the  heavy  metallic  portions  to  fall  by  virtue  of  their 
greater  specific  gravity,  and  remain  in  contact  with  the  clean  mercury 
until  amalgamated,  while  the  light  earth  is  rapidly  washed  away. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  wish  to  be  understood  as  making  claim 
broadly  to  an  apparatus  for  the  separation  of  gold  or  silver  from  foreign 
substances,  which  consists  of  a  vessel  containing  a  column  of  water 
with  mercury  at  the  bottom,  and  with  agitators  above  the  mercury,  and 
in  which  the  substances  to  be  separated  are  supplied  below  the  sur¬ 
face  of  the  water,  and  below  the  discharge. 

I  do  claim ,  the  employment  of  double  action  paddle-wheels,  which 
rotate  on  their  own  axis,  and  revolve  about  a  vertical  axis,  substantially 
as  described,  within,  and  in  combination  with,  a  column  of  water  in  a 
vessel  having  the  discharge  at  or  near  the  top,  substantially  as  speci¬ 
fied  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

And  I  also  claim ,  sustaining  the  paddle-wheels  in  the  column  of 
water  from  above,  and  causing  them  to  rotate  on  their  axis  by  the 
weight  of  the  heavy  pan  resting  on  the  peripheries  above,  that  mercury 
may  be  supplied,  in  combination  therewith,  at  the  bottom  and  below  the 
wheels,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  12,484. — Guy  H.  Hubbard. — Improved  Auger  Handle  Fastening. — 
Patented  March  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  34.) 

The  ring  C  is  placed  with  the  narrowest  parts  thereof  resting  upon 
the  pin  E,  and  the  shank  D  of  the  tool  is  inserted,  with  the  notch  G 
entered  upon  the  catch  F  ;  then,  by  causing-  the  ring  C  to  revolve  in 


II. - METALLURGY. 


299 


part  around  ferrule  B,  and  then  causing  the  inclined  edge  thereof  to 
operate  against  pin  E,  ring  C  is  pressed  against  the  shank,  and  hence 
presses  said  shank  firmly  upon  catch  F . 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  ferrule  B,  which  has  been 
previously  employed. 

But  I  claim  the  ring  C,  constructed,  arranged,  and  operating  in  the 
manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth,  or  other  manner  substantially 
the  same. 


No.  13,025. — Anthony  Pollak. — Improvement  in  Wrought  Iron  Beams 
and  Girders. — Patented  June  5,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  34.) 

The  object  of  this  construction  is  an  increase  in  strength  and  stiffness 
from  a  given  quantity  of  material. 

Claim. — The  combination,  in  wrought  or  malleable  iron  beams  or 
girders,  of  top  and  bottom  T  pieces,  with  flat  or  plane  surfaced  longi¬ 
tudinal  plates,  riveted  upon  both  sides  of  the  stems  or  vertical  portions 
thereof,  substantially  as  described  and  for  the  purposes  specifled. 


No.  13,599.  —  Richard  Montgomery.  —  Improvement  in  Corrugated 

Beams. — Patented  September  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  34.) 

The  object  of  making  the  sheets  (forming  the  beams)  of  such  a 
shape,  that  one  or  both  series  of  the  arches  shall  be  thicker  than  the 
straight  portions  of  the  said  beams,  is  to  make  them  stronger  than  they 
would  be  if  made  of  uniform  thickness  and  of  the  same  weight. 

Claim. — A  supporting  beam,  formed  of  sheet  metal  of  unequal  thick¬ 
ness,  bent  into  a  series  of  folds,  substantially  as  represented  and  set 
forth. 


No.  12,289. — Abel  W.  Streeter. — Improvement  in  Fastening  Centre 

Bits. — Patented  January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  34.) 

To  insert  the  bit,  the  cam  C  is  placed  in  the  open  space  (see  figure 
2)  on  a  side  of  the  socket  at  right  angles  with  the  catch  E ;  then  in¬ 
sert  the  shank  of  the  bit,  entering  the  notch  F  upon  the  catch  E,  and 
then,  by  a  quarter  revolution  of  ring  D,  bring  the  cam  upon  the  side  ot 
the  shank  opposite  notch  F  and  catch  E,  when  the  cam,  by  pressing 
upon  the  shank  B,  will  firmly  secure  the  shank  upon  the  catch,  and, 
consequently,  confine  the  same  within  the  socket. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  invention  of  a  moveable  or 
revolving  ring  as  a  means  of  operating  a  bit  fastening,  the  same  hav¬ 
ing  been  previously  employed. 

But  I  claim  the  stationary  catch  E,  in  connexion  with  the.  cam  or 
bearer  C,  for  the  purposes  specified;  the  whole  being  combined,  ar¬ 
ranged,  and  operated,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

No.  12,262. — John  T.  Willmarth. — Improved  Dies  for  making  Bolts. — 

Patented  January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  34.) 

The  bar  R  of  square  iron,  of  the  size  of  the  head  of  the  finished 


300 


II - METALLURGY. 


bolt,,  is  heated,  and  entered  between  the  dies  a  a1,  (which  are  moved 
alternately  towards  and  from  each  other,)  when  they  are  at  their  great¬ 
est  distance  from  each  other.  The  bar  is  continually  rotated  during 
the  operation  ot  the  dies  upon  it. 

The  advantages  of  this  form  of  dies  are  stated  by  the  inventor  as 
follows : 

1st.  The  iron  being  operated  upon  both  sides  of  the  head  at  once, 
the  latter  is  not  forced  away  from  the  dies,  as  is  the  case  when 
operated  upon  on  one  side  of  the  head  at  a  time,  and  thus  a  determin¬ 
ate  quantity  of  iron  is  thrown  into  the  shank  of  each  bolt,  and  the 
necessity  of  cutting  off  the  end  of  the  latter,  to  reduce  the  bolts  to  a 
uniform  length,  is  avoided. 

2d.  The  iron  being  gradually  cut  away  all  round  the  head,  the 
fibres  of  the  metal  are  not  distorted. 

3d.  The  shank  is  never  out  of  centre  with  respect  to  the  head. 

Claim, — The  dies  a  a 1,  constructed  as  described,  or  in  any  manner 
substantially  equivalent  thereto,  for  the  purpose  of  operating  simulta^ 
neously  upon  both  sides  of  the  head,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,815. — Robert  Crichton. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  Making 

Bolts . — Patented  May  8,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  34.) 

The  bar  R,  having  been  entered  between  the  jaws  a  a}  and  b  bl,  is 
held  firmly  by  said  jaws  a  a1.  The  horizontal  reading  die  J  is 
forced  towards -the  bar  R  by  means  of  the  cam  N,  which,  as  it  re¬ 
volves  within  the  sash  M,  forces  the  shaft  L  forward  and  against  shaft 
K.  The  die  flattens  the  end  of  the  bar  R  against  the  inner  side  of  the 
iorming  dies  b  bl,  and  forms  a  rude  head.  The  four  lateral  heading 
dies  C  then  move  simultaneously  toward  the  head,  and  form  it  into  a 
square  shape.  The  die  J  is  then  drawn  back  by  means  of  spiral 
spring  g,  the  spring  acting  upon  it,  when  the  shaft  L  is  drawn  back 
by  the  cam  N.  The  die  J  is  prevented  from  being  drawn  too  far  back 
by  a  stop  h  attached  to  one  of  the  bearings  e. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  adjustable  shaft  L,  the  de¬ 
tached  shaft  K,  the  spring  g ,  or  the  stop  h;  these  having  been  known 
and  used  separately  before. 

But  I  do  claim,  the  combination  of  the  adjustable  shaft  L,  the  de¬ 
tached  shaft  K,  the  spring  g ,  and  stop  h,  with  the  sash  M,  and  horizon¬ 
tal  heading-tool  J,  to  regulate  the  quantity  of  iron  in,  and  thickness 
of,  head,  as  herein  shown  and  described. 


No.  13,241. — Wm.  E.  Ward. — Improvements  in  Machines  for  Making 
Bolts. — Patented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  35.) 

The  bolts  pass  down  between  two  inclined  ways  b  b;  the  shanks  of 
the  bolts,  between  the  ways  and  the  heads,  resting  on  the  ways.  The 
foremost  bolt,  arriving  at  the  semi-circular  end  c  of  the  ways,  will  hang 
in  a  nearly  vertical  position,  with  the  lower  end  inclined  a  little  forward, 
as  the  weight  of  the  series  of  bolts  on  the  ways  will  push  the  lowest 
one  a  little  beyond  the  lowest  part  of  the  curved  portion  c  c  of  the 


II. - METALLURGY. 


301 


ways.  A  wing  d  is  thus  brought,  by  an  end  movement,  between  this 
foremost  and  the  rest  of  the  series  of  bolts.  Wing  d  is  fast  on  a  rock- 
shaft  /,  which  (by  means  of  cams,  levers,  &c.,  i  k  m  n)  receives  first 
an  endwise  motion,  so  as  to  separate  the  foremost  bolt,  as  already 
mentioned,  and  then  makes  a  quarter  revolution,  so  as  to  bring  the  wing, 
with  the  bolt  on  it,  to  a  horizontal  position.  The  bolt  is  then  trans¬ 
ferred  by  spring-nippers  w  to  the  jaws  h 1  h\  which  present  it  to  the 
rolling  operation.  In  the  meantime  the  wing  d  returns  to  its  origi 
nal  position,  and  is  drawn  back  so  as  to  enter  afterwards  again  be¬ 
tween  the  next  bolt  and  the  rest  of  the  series,  and  to  repeat  the  opera¬ 
tion  already  described.  The  wing  and  shaft  j\  while  turning  back,  is 
drawn  back  by  cam  p,  arms  ql ,  and  s,  on  vertical  rock-shaft  r  and  col¬ 
lar  i.  The  nippers  w  are  on  arm  x  of  rock-shaft  y ,  which  latter  is  drawn 
endwise  by  weight  a1,  to  bring  the  nippers  over  the  bolt,  and  it  is 
pushed  back  to  transfer  the  bolt  by  cam  b1,  on  cam-shaft  y,  acting  on 
lever  c1 .  The  nippers  are  moved  twice  up  and  down,  to  first  gripe 
and  then  deposit  the  bolt,  by  the  notches  6  and  7,  in  cam  e1.  The  bolt 
is^  griped  by  jaws  hl  hl  jointed  to  cross-bar  il  on  the  end  of  mandrely. 
The  jaws  are  opened  by  springs  k 1  and  closed  to  gripe  the  shank  just 
within  the  head  by  a  cone  Z1,  which  is  slid  back  on  the  mandrel  for 
that  purpose  by  spring  ml  interposed  between  the  mandrel  and  cross¬ 
bar.  A  shoulder  on  the  cone  is  acted  upon  by  a  lever  n1,  (jointed  to 
adjustable  rod  o1.)  which  is  operated  by  a  tappet  p2  on  wheel  j)1,  so 
that  the  jaws  will  spring  open  as  the  nippers  present  the  bolt;  and  as 
the  tappet  passes  instantly  to  cone,  is  immediately  pushed  back  by 
spring  ml  to  gripe  the  bolt  as  the  nippers  rise  and  leave  it.  The  square 
mandrel  y1  is  fitted  to  slide  hnd  turn  with  rock-shaft  ql.  The  mandrel 
is  turned  a  quarter  revolution  by  weight  v1  acting  on  lever  u1,  link  t1, 
and  arm  s1  on  shaft  q l,  and  turned  back  by  cam  w 1  acting  on  u1,  &c.; 
all  this  lor  the  purpose  of  presenting  the  several  angles  of  the  bolt  to 
the  rollers,  to  reduce  the  end  of  the  bolt  to  the  required  cylindrical 
shape.  The  mandrel  and  jaws  are  drawn  towards  the  segment  rollers 
(that  the  bolt  may  be  brought  to  the  required  position  for  being  rolled) 
by  means  of  the  mechanism  yl  xl  z1  c2;  the  bolt  held  by  the  jaws  hav¬ 
ing  been  introduced  between  the  segment  rollers  g2  g2,  it  is  free  to  be 
moved  back  by  the  rollers  as  they  act  on  it.  The  mandrel  and  jaws 
are  drawn  back  by  cam  t2  acting  on  friction  roller  f2  on  rod  z1.  The 
rollers  consist  each  of  a  s<  gment  groove  to  reduce  the  end  of  the  stem 
of  the  bolt  to  a  cylindrical  form.  This  machine  being  intended  to  make 
bolts,  in  which  that  part  of  the  shank  next  to  the  head  is  square  and 
the  rest  cylindrical. 

I  claim ,  in  the  before  described  machine,  the  mode  of  operation  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described,  for  drawing  or  rolling,  to  a  cylindrical  shape, 
the  end  of  the  stern  of  square  bolts,  by  means  of  the  segment  rollers, 
in  combination  with  the  jaws,  or  equivalent  therefor,  on  the  sliding 
rotating  mandrel,  operated  by  an  arrangement  of  mechanism  such  as 
described,  or  any  equivalent  therefor. 

I  also  claim  the  mode  of  operation,  substantially  as  described,  for 
taking  the  bolts  from  the  feeding-ways,  or  any  equivalent  device  by 
which  they  may  be  supplied,  and  bring  them  to  a  horizontal,  or  nearly 
horizontal,  position,  by  means  of  a  vibrating  wing,  which  enters  back 


II. — METALLURGY. 


302 

of  the  bolt  to  be  separated,  and  then  vibrates  to  bring  it  to  a  horizontal, 
or  nearly  horizontal,  position,  in  combination  with  the  transferring  pin¬ 
cers,  or  any  equivalent  therefor,  by  which  they  are  transferred  to  the 
jaws ;  the  required  motion  being  imparted  by  an  arrangement  of 
mechanism  substantially  such  as  described,  or  any  equivalent  therefor. 


No.  13,117. — Marvin  S.  Otis,  assignor  to  Chas.  Rumley. — Improve. 

ment  in  Machines  for  Boring  Cylinders. — Patented  June  19,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  35.) 

H  is  a  carriage  for  carrying  the  cylinder  back  and  forth  to  bring  its 
interior  from  end  to  end  under  the  operation  of  the  cutter.  On  the  top 
of  this  carriage  is  a  second  carriage  1  in  slides  b,  which  latter  are  trans¬ 
verse  to  the  motion  of  the  carriage  H.  Two  plates  J  are  clamped  to 
the  cylinder,  and  one  of  the  plates  carries  the  wrist-pins  for  the  arms 
K,  through  the  other  end  of  which  arms  the  mandrel  E  passes,  which 
carries  the  cutter  F.  As  the  centres  D,  on  which  the  mandrel  E  is 
hung,  are  eccentric  with  the  axis  of  said  mandrel,  consequently  the 
cylinder  will  perform  a  transverse  reciprocating  motion  during  each 
revolution  of  the  mandrel  (by  means  of  the  said  eccentricity  of  the 
mandrel  and  the  arms  K).  The  object  of  this  arrangement  is  to  pro¬ 
duce  an  elliptical  bore. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  parts  substantially  as  described,  so 
as  to  produce  an  alternating  transverse  motion  of  cylinder,  in  combina¬ 
tion  with  a  rotating  movement  of  the  cutter,  or  vice  versa ,  substantially 
as  set  forth. 


No.  13,780. — -Ransom  Cook. — Improvement  in  Making  Boring  Imple¬ 
ments. — Patented  November  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  35.) 

Dies,  figs.  2  and  3,  are  to  be  secured  in  a  trip-hammer ;  figs.  5  and  7 
in  a  press  ;  figs.  8  and  9,  the  same ;  and  figs.  11  and  12  in  a  small  trip¬ 
hammer. 

The  piece  of  steel,  fig.  1,  when  heated  red  hot  is  first  operated  upon 
by  dies  2  3,  which  will  produce  the  shape  represented  in  fig.  4  ;  the 
dies  5  and  7  will  produce  the  shape  fig.  6  ;  the  dies  8  and  9  will  reduce 
it  to  the  form  represented  in  fig.  10.  The  plate  is  then  twisted  in  the 
usual  manner,  and  the  lips  turned  as  shown  in  fig.  13.  The  plate  is 
then  reheated,  and  the  lips  bent  into  shape  in  part  around  a  small  rod, 
when  the  implement  is  placed  between  dies,  figs.  11  and  12,  and  turned 
around  while  the  hammer  is  quickly  moving,  thus  finishing  the  head  of 
the  implement.  See  fig.  14. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  some  dies  have  been  used  in 
the  manufacture  of  augers,  but  differing  entirely  from  mine,  and  not 
accomplishing  the  same  purposes. 

I  therefore  merely  claim  the  method  described,  of  forging  and  shaping 
the  lips  and  heads  of  the  particular  kind  of  boring  implements  set 
forth,  by  the  successive  stages  of  die  stamping,  substantially  in  the 
manner  described. 


II. - METALLURGY. 


303 


No.  13,2  IS. — Selden  S.  Hartshorn. — Improvement  in  Buckles. — Pat¬ 
ented  July  10,  1851.  (Plates,  p.  35.) 

\ 

I  claim  the  improvement  in  the  manufacture  of  buckles  composed  of 
two  pieces,  when  constructed  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,907. — Sheldon  S.  Hartshorn. — Improvement  in  Buckles. — Pat¬ 
ented  December  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  35.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  engra¬ 
vings. 

O 

Claim. — Constructing  the  tongue  and  loop  of  the  buckle  in  one  part, 
and  at  one  operation,  in  such  a  manner  that  the  socket  a  will  firmly 
secure  the  joint  b  in  the  other  part  so  as  to  need  no  other  fastening, 
as  described. 


No.  13,695. — Theodore  Ackerman,  assignor  to  H.  H.  Homan,  Wil¬ 
liam  Muhle,  and  Theodore  Ackekman. — Improvement  in  Casting 
Tea-Pot  Spouts  and  Handles. — Patented  October  16,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  35.) 

^  • 

This  invention  refers  to  the  casting  the  usual  hollow  trimmings  of 
Britannia  and  other  like  ware,  which,  being  fusible  over  an  open  fire,  is 
cast  in  a  mould  of  more  refractory  metal. 

The  engravings  represent  the  cope  employed  to  form  the  base  of  the 
spout.  The  metal  a  is  lined  with  an  inner  tubing  of  plaster  c,  whose 
margin  c1  is  formed  to  agree  with  the  curves  of  the  parting.  The 
effect  of  this  is,  that  the  cold  and  quickly  conducting  metallic  parting 
surface  of  the  cope,  coming  in  contact  with  the  stock,  imparts  to  the 
base  of  the  spout  a  sharp  well-defined  edge,  of  exactly  corresponding 
thickness  and  contour;  because  all  of  the  stock  which  flows  against 
the  slowly  heat  conducting  lining  runs  off  with  the  rest  of  the  unap¬ 
propriated  stock.  By  this  means  there  is  given  to  the  casting  a  mar¬ 
gin  closely  adapted  to  the  pot  body,  and  requiring  the  least  possible 
amount  of  solder. 

Claim. — The  use  of  an  inner  non-conducting  layer  to  the  metallic 
interior  surface  of  the  cope  or  sprue-gate  of  a  tea-pot  spout  mould,  or 
analogous  object,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  described. 


No.  13,948. — Eber  Jones. — Improvement  in  Moulds  for  Casting  Bells. — 

Patented  December  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  36.) 

A  is  the  outer,  B  the  inner  shell,  provided  with  vents  a ;  E  is  the 
sweep,  and  b  are  its  journals.  The  shape  of  the  sweep  gives  the  form 
to  the  outside  of  the  mould,  and  the  mould  to  the  bell,  c  is  the  clay 
on  the  inside  of  the  shell;  and  it  will  be  perceived  that  every  portion 
of  the  shell  A,  which  would  come  in  contact  with  or  touch  the  inner 
shell,  when  the  two  are  placed  together,  is  covered  with  clay;  and  a 
precisely  similar  course  is  pursued  with  the  inner  shell  B,  where  C 


304 


II. - METALLURGY. 


also  represents  the  clay.  Before  the  clay  is  moulded  on  to  the  shells, 
there  are  no  guides  or  marks  by  which  the  two  shells  are  placed  toge¬ 
ther.  The  guides  are  moulded  with  and  from  the  same  centre  wTith 
the  bell  itself,  and  the  space  between  the  flasks,  which  forms  the  bell, 
must  of  necessity  be  uniform. 

Claim . — The  so  making  of  flasks  for  casting  bells,  the  bodies  of 
which  are  made  of  metal,  that  the  guides,  by  which  they  are  put 
together,  shall  be  turned  or  moulded  from  the  same  centres,  from  which 
the  flasks  themselves  are  coated  with  the  lining  or  covering  of  clay  or 
loam  ;  and  forming  said  guiding  surfaces,  where  they  are  constantly 
under  the  ready  inspection  of  the  moulder,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,439. — Ammi  M.  George. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  Making 

Chain  Links. — Patented  February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  36.) 

The  plate  F  receives  a  sliding  reciprocating  motion  by  means  of 
pitman  E,  and  imparts  the  same  motion  to  arm  (which  is  made  fast  to 
plate  F)  and  to  former  I,  which  is  attached  to  arm  G  by  a  bolt  K.  As 
the  former  I  moves  inward,  it  rotates  the  dies  N  N1,  which  are  geared 
together  by  cog-wheels  O,  and  the  link  is  formed  around  I.  When  F 
G  and  I  move  outward,  the  end  of  lever  H  (which  is  pivoted  to  G  in  a) 
strikes  an*d  ascends  the  inclined  plane  Q,  and  its  forked  end  H1  H1  is 
depressed,  and  throws  the  link/ from  the  former  I. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  forked  lever  H,  confined  to  the  arm 
G,  in  relation  to  the  inclined  plane  Q  and  former  I,  and  operated  for 
relieving  the  former  of  t^e  link,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,929.-— Edward  Weisserborn. — Improvement  m  Chain-Making 

Machines. —  Patented  December  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p  37.) 

A  detailed  description  of  this  machine  would  occupy  too  much  room 
to  be  given  in  this  report.  The  general  features  of  the  improvement 
can  be  well  understood  from  the  claims  and  engravings. 

The  left  hand  bearing  K  of  roller  L  being  moved  away,  and  the 
roller  L1  being  raised  up,  the  ring  r,  heated  to  a.  welding  heat,  is 
slipped  over  the  left  hand  end  of  roller  L,  and  is  moved  up  to  the  right 
hand  end  of  the  roller,  and  hung  in  its  groove ;  alter  which  the  bearing 
of  L  is  replaced,  and  the  roller  L1  brought  down  close  to  it.  The  ring 
being  then  grasped  firmly  between  the  two  rollers,  by  whose  rotary 
motion  it  is  caused  to  revolve  between  them,  and  travel  along  towards 
the  left  hand  end,  and  by  that  means  being  gradually  more  and  more 
compressed  by  the  constantly  diminishing  size  of  the  grooves,  is  prop¬ 
erly  welded  and  finished  with  a  smooth  surface. 

Claim. —  1st.  The  employment,  for  welding  the  rings,  of  two  rollers, 
grooved  spirally  in  opposite  directions,  and  operating  substantially’  as 
described. 

2d.  Arranging  one  of  the  end  bearings  K  of  one  of  the  spirally- 
grooved  welding  rollers,  so  as  to  be  capable  of  sliding  lengthwise  to 
the  roller,  substantially  as  described,  far  enough  to  allow  the  ring  to  be 
shipped  over  the  end  of  the  roller. 


II. - METALLURGY. 


305 


3d.  The  manner  described,  of  raising,  depressing,  and  confining  the 
upper  roller  to  allow  the  ring  to  be  slipped  over  the  lower  roller,  to 
wit,  by  means  of  the  rods  nl  n1,  the  yoke  N,  the  springs  nn,  and  the 
cam-shaft  P,  with  the  cams  n 1  n ,2  the  whole  being  arranged  and 
operating  substantially  as  set  forth. 

4th.  The  travelling-box  R,  operating  substantially  as  described,  to 
carry  the  rings  quickly  over  the  end  of  and  up  to  the  back  end  of  the 
welding  roller  L,  and  to  come  back  with  the  ring  at  a  speed  properly 
corresponding  with  the  velocity  of  the  rollers  and  pitch  of  the  spiral 
grooves. 

5th.  I  claim  the  carrier  x,  operating  substantially  as  described,  first, 
to  move  forward  to  receive  the  ring  in  its  fork,  then  moving  quickly 
upwards  to  snatch  the  ring  from  the  box,  and  afterwards  dragging  the 
ring  along  the  plate  which  contains  the  elongating  mechanism,  till  it 
comes  in  contact  with  one  of  the  elongating  parts,  or  its  equivalent,  and 
is  thereby  taken  from  the  fork  of  the  carrier. 

6th.  The  combination  of  the  movable  parts  v  vl  and  side  dies  w  w , 
operating  substantially  as  described,  to  elongate  the  ring,  and,  at  the 
same  time,  close  or  drive  towards  each  other  the  elongating  sides. 

7th.  The  arrangement  of  the  dies  wl  wl,  round  which  the  link  is  bent 
or  doubled,  substantially  as  described,  relatively  to  the  dies  w  w,  by 
which  the  elongated  sides  of  the  link  are  forced  towards  each  other; 
and  their  attachment  to  ihe  same,  whereby,  when  the  link  has  received 
the  form  shown  in  figure  4  a,  it  is  caused  to  be  in  readiness  to  be  bent 
or  doubled  by  the  action  of  the  hooks  V  V,  or  other  equivalent. 

8th.  Operating  the  posts  v  vl,  by  which  the  elongation  of  the  wing  is 
performed  by  means  of  a  wedge  or  double  inclined  piece  21  attached 
to  one  of  the  side  dies  wl,  acting  upon  studs  22  attached  to  the  slides 
which  carry  the  said  posts,  whereby  the  approach  of  the  side  dies 
towards  each  other,  and  retreat  of  the  posts  from  each  other,  are 
effected  simultaneously. 

9th.  The  suspension  of  the  bending  hooks  at  their  pivot  zt  and  appli¬ 
cation  of  a  spring  to  draw  their  points  apart,  substantially  as  described, 
so  that  the  said  hooks  will  descend  in  an  open  state,  and  will  be  in 
condition  to  receive  the  link  when  the  latter  is  sufficiently  elongated; 
but  that  in  ascending  and  drawing  up  the  ends  of  the  link  they  will 
gradually  close,  as  required  b}^  the  changing  form  of  the  link. 


No.  12,311. — James  Eaton. — Improvement  in  Dies  for  Cop-Tube  Ma¬ 
chines. — Patented  January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  37.) 

Longitudinally  through  the  centre  of  the  dies  there  is  a  dove- tailed 
groove  «,  and  transversely  across  the  centre  of  the  same  is  the  recess 
b.  The  block  c  is  firmly  secured  to  the  die  within  recess  b ,  and  re¬ 
ceives  set-screw  d.  The  steel  step  f  is  slidden  into  recess  0,  and  by 
means  of  screw  d  is  forced  out,  so  as  to  project  beyond  the  face  of  the 
die  at  g  an  amount  equal  to  the  thickness  of  the  tin  of  which  the  tubes 
are  made.  When  worn  away  it  is  withdrawn  from  the  slot,  and  alter 
having  been  dressed  up  is  again  set  up  to  the  spindle  by  the  screw  d. 


306 


II. - METALLURGY. 


Claim. — In  machines  for  making  cop  tubes,  the  method  described, 
of  securing  the  step  to  the  die,  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


Mo.  12,669. — Stephen  M.  Cate  and  Edmund  Jordon. — Improved  Ar¬ 
rangement  of  Dies  and  Stocks  for  Ornamenting  Metal  Tubes. — Patented 
April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  37.) 

The  die  stocks  E  F  G  H  can  be  turned  round  their  longitudinal  axis, 
to  adjust  the  planes  of  the  rotations  of  the  dies  e  to  any  desired  angle 
with  the  axis  of  the  hollow  shaft  I.  This  angle  is  more  accurately  de¬ 
termined  by  means  of  the  graduated  heads  a  and  pointers  a1.  When 
the  die  stocks  are  properly  set,  they  are  fastened  in  their  position  by 
means  of  bands  M  and  nuts  d.  The  square  shanks  b  of  the  die-holders 
pass  through  the  central  square  hollow  in  the  die  stocks,  and  are  ad¬ 
justable  therein  by  screws  c. 

The  inventors  say:  We  are  aware  that  a  series  of  stationary 
dies  have  been  long  used  to  ornament  tubes,  and  that  revolving  dies 
have  been  used  for  ornamenting  articles  while  in  a  lattice,  and  that  re¬ 
volving  dies  have  also  been  used  where  the  article  has  been  drawn 
through  by  a  process  like  that  of  wire  through  a  “  draw-plate,”  or  for 
welding  iron  tubes,  etc.,  and  that  adjustable  holders  are  not  new ;  we 
therefore  do  not  claim  any  of  the  parts,  as  such,  as  our  invention. 

But  we  claim ,  the  combination  of  the  adjustable  die  stocks  E  F  G 
PI,  with  the  revolving  dies  e  e  e  e  e  in  a  self-feeding  machine  for  orna¬ 
menting  tubes,  etc.,  when  the  whole  is  constructed,  arranged,  combined, 
and  made  to  operate  substantially  as  herein  described. 


No.  12,735. — John  T.  Willmarth. — Improvement  in  Dies  for  Bolt 

Forging  Machines. — Patented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  37.) 

The  dies  b  bl,  when  closed  together,  form  a  short  cylindrical  space 
r,  which  flares  out  conically.  The  diameter  of  the  cylindrical  space 
r  corresponds  to  that  of  the  finished  bolt.  This  flaring  form  is  to  prevent 
the  edges  of  the  dies,  when  coming  together,  from  cutting  the  iron  and 
throwing  out  a  sprue  atthe  sides.  The  iron,  which  is  to  be  drawn  down 
by  these  dies,  has  already  received  the  form  represented  in  fig.  6,  by  an 
operation  which  formed  the  subject  of  a  patent  previously  granted  to 
the  inventor.  The  iron  being  inserted,  as  seen  in  fig.  2,  is  continually 
rotated  and  gradually  withdrawn,  till  the  bolt  is  finished,  as  seen  in 
fig.  3. 

Claim. — The  tapering  conical  dies  b  bl,  constructed  and  operating 
in  the  manner  substantially  as  herein  described,  for  the  purpose  set 
forth 


No.  12,265. — Wm.  Leighton,  assignor  to  the  New  England  Glass 
Co.  —  Improvement  in  Door  Knobs.  —  Patented  January  16,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  37.) 

The  inside  of  the  hollow  glass  knob  E  is  coated  with  pure  metallic 
silver,  after  which  the  opening  through  the  shank  e  is  sealed  up  so  that 


II. - METALLURGY. 


307 


the  knob  will  be  permanently  secured  in  the  cap  c,  ( d  being  the  cement,) 
and  oxydizing  agents  are  excluded. 

The  inventor  says:  1  am  "aware  that  hollow  glass  knobs  have  been 
lined  with  quicksilver,  and  that  glass  has  been  coated  with  pure  silver 
for  various  uses  ;  but  I  am  not  aware  that  a  cheap  door-knob  has  ever 
been  produced,  having  the  color  and  brilliancy  of  polished  silver,  ren¬ 
dered  durable  and  free  from  liability  to  tarnishing  or  abrasion,  by  pro¬ 
tection  from  the  action  of  chemical  or  mechanical  agents. 

Therefore,  I  claim  the  hollow  silvered  knob  sealed  up  and  protected, 
as  set  forth,  as  a  new  and  highly  ornamental  manufacture. 


No.  12,320. — Wm.  H.  McNamee. — Improvement  in  Locking  Spindle 

Door  Latches. — Patented  January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  38.) 

The  latch  A  is  inserted  in  the  bored  hole  in  the  edge  of  the  door, 
(represented  by  the  horizontal  dotted  lines,)  the  hole  being  of  the  diam¬ 
eter  of  the  knob  a  upon  the  latch,  and  being  sufficiently  deep  leaving 
the  end  b  or  hammer  of  the  latch  protruding  to  make  a  catch.  The 
spiral- spring  pressing  against  the  hammer  offers  a  resistance  to  the 
raising  of  the  latch.  The  spindle  C,  being  moved  by  knobs  attached 
to  it,  presses  with  its  widened  part  (which  is  just  underneath  the  latch) 
the  latch  upward.  The  projecting  arm  e  on  the  spindle  rests  against 
the  side  of  the  door,  the  fork  part  of  the  bolt  D  being  across  the  arm, 
the  handle  or  arm  of  the  bolt  being  secured  by  a  hole  in  the  escutcheon 
rim ;  the  escutcheon  being  screwed  upon  the  door  performs  in  locking 
the  spindle. 

Clam. — The  guides  g  and  the  rim  f  of  the  escutcheon the  shelf  d 
on  the  face-plate;  and  the  upright  stem,  enclosed  with  a  spiral  wire, 
working  through  the  shelf  piece  d;  the  projecting  arm  e  on  the  spin¬ 
dle,  and  the  forked  bolt  D,  the  whole  combined  for  the  purpose  of  a 
latch  and  lock,  as  described. 


No.  12,675. — Benjamin  R.  Eames. — Improvement  in  Portable  Door 

Fasteners. — Patented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  38.) 

The  hooked  bar  B  is  to  be  attached  to  the  door  frame  J,  the  brace 
G  being  in  the  position  represented  in  fig.  1,  in  broken  lines,  during  the 
closing  of  the  door,  and  thus  acting  as  a  gauge  for  the  position  of  the 
attaching  bar.  When  the  door  is  closed  and  lips  l  driven  home,  G  is 
moved  into  the  position  shown  in  full  lines.  The  grasping  of  this  brace 
by  compensator  C  (which  compensator  is  a  spring)  is  to  prevent  its 
movement  about  a  without  applying  force  on  the  inner  side.  When 
the  space  between  door  and  jamb  is  wide,  the  compensator  is  also  in¬ 
serted  between.  (See  fig.  3.) 

The  inventor  says  :  I  expressly  disclaim  hooked  bars  with  separate 
and  vertically  moving  stops  and  braces ;  as  such  form  no  part  of  my 
invention. 

But  I  do  claim  as  new,  and  of  my  invention,  the  herein  described  com¬ 
bination  of  bifurcated  hooked  bar  B,  spring  compensator  C,  and  hori¬ 
zontally  moving  brace  G  the  compensator  and  brace  movable  about 


308 


II. - METALLURGY. 


the  vertical  connexion  of  said  bar,  whereby  the  self-movement  ol  the 
brace  is  prevented,  while  it  performs  the  double  function  of  gauge  and 

brace. 


No.  13,473. — Alonzo  E.  Young,  assignor  to  Himself  and  Mark 

Worthley. — Improvement  in  Door  Knob. — Patented  August  21, 1855. 

(Plates,  p.  38.) 

A  B  are  the  knobs ;  D  D  collar-plates,  to  be  screwed  to  the  door  and 
serving  as  washers ;  C  shank  provided  with  a  male  screw  c  and  enter¬ 
ing  a  female  screw  formed  in  knob  A ;  the  clutch  consists  ot  disc  e  pro¬ 
vided  with  a  hub  /,  and  is  capable  of  sliding  on  the  quadrangular 
shank  C,  the  hole  of  the  disc  fitting  the  shape  of  the  shank;  the  disc 
enters  a  recess  h  in  the  knob  A,  and  is  fastened  to  it  by  screws  g.  If  there 
are  two  or  three  of  these  screws  g ,  the  clutch  can  be  fastened  to  the 
knob  (by  inserting  said  screws)  at  every  rotary  movement  of  the  knob 
through  an  arc  of  180  or  120  degrees.  The  turning  of  the  knob,  and 
its  screwing  or  unscrewing  consequent  thereon,  serves  to  adjust  the 
distance  between  the  two  knobs  to  the  thickness  of  the  door.  When 
the  screws  are  in,  the  two  knobs  will  turn  together. 

Claim. — The  sliding  clutch  and  its  attachments  applied  to  the  shank 
and  the  socket  and  the  movable  knob,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,770. — Amos  Westcott. — Improvement  in  Door  Springs . — Pat¬ 
ented  November  6,  1855.  -  (Plates,  p.  38.) 

The  spring  and  lever  are  made  fast  to  frame  A,  the  upper  edge  of 
which  constitutes  the  track  over  which  the  grooved  wheel  F  passes,  and 
which  frame  A  is  screwed  to  the  door  frame  B  over  the  door  d  d.  The 
jointed  lever  C  is  pivoted  at  P  nearest  the  hinge-post  of  the  door,  and 
its  other  end,  nearest  the  lock-post,  is  furnished  with  friction  wheel  F. 
One  end  of  spiral-spring  I  is  fastened  to  the  frame  A,  and  the  other 
end  of  it  to  an  arm  H  pivoted  to  lever  C  at  D.  This  arm  is  secured 
from  being  drawn  forward  by  the  spring  by  a  dog  K  connected  to  arm 
H  and  ratchet  R,  projecting  from  lever  C.  The  centre  of  the  circular 
curve  of  the  ratchet  is  at  D.  The  movable  end  of  lever  C  is  con¬ 
nected  by  a  strap  L  to  a  bent  bracket  M  projecting  from  the  door. 
The  strap  works  upon  pulley  X,  which  revolves  upon  a  pivot  screwed 
into  the  ball  W  at  the  frame  A.  By  means  of  this  ball  and  the  set-screw, 
with  which  it  is  fastened,  the  ball  and  pulley  X  can  be  set  at  any 
desired  angle  so  as  to  have  the  pulley  always  horizontal,  although  the 
frame  A  may  have  a  certain  inclination.  If  the  door  is  light,  and  little 
resistance  to  be  overcome,  the  arm  H  is  drawn  back  so  as  to  be  per¬ 
pendicular  ;  but  when  the  door  is  heavy,  the  dog  is  to  be  detached  and 
arm  H  to  be  turned  foward  to  gain  leverage. 

Claim. — In  this  class  of  door  springs  adjusting  the  jointed  levers, 
substantially  as  set  forth,  and  also  adjusting  the  pulleys,  and  for  the 
purpose  described. 


II. - METALLURGY. 


309 


No.  13,383. — James  Conner  and  Thomas  Newby. — Improvement  in 

Machine  Drills . — Patented  August  7,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  38.) 

The  drawing  represents  the  lever  N  as  confined  by  trigger  S,  in 
which  position,  it  supporting  the  upper  bearing  of  the  vertical  shaft 
K,  said  vertical  shaft  is  thrown  into  gear  with  the  cam-shaft  M,  and  a 
rotary  movement  will  be  communicated  to  said  shaft  M,  causing  it  to 
move  the  drill  forward  by  the  action  of  the  scroll-cam.  To  govern 
the  action  of  the  drill,  the  machine  is  to  be  set  so  that  the  said  cam¬ 
shaft  will  be  thrown  out  of  gear,  and  the  drilling’ suspended  at  the  re¬ 
quired  point. 

The  cam  A1  is  so  adjusted  upon  shaft  M  that  it  shall  act  upon 
the  end  of  spring  R  at  the  proper  time,  moving  the  trigger  S,  releasing 
lever  N,  and  throwing  the  cam-shaft  out  of  gear,  suspending  the  hori¬ 
zontal  movement  of  the  drill-stock,  the  action  of  the  drill  in  drilling, 
and  also  recoiling  the  cam-shaft  by  the  action  of  spring  c1,  causing  it 
to  assume  a  position  to  commence  action  upon  the  end  of  the  drill- 
stock  again. 

Claim . — The  use  of  the  lever  N,  vertical  shaft  K,  spring  and  trigger 
R  and  S,  spring  Z,  and  cam  A1,  by  which  the  action  ol  the  drill  in 
drilling  is  regulated  or  governed  in  its  depth,  arranged  and  operating 
substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,766. — Samuel  W.  Shryock. — Improvement  in  Drilling  and 

Boring  Machine. — Patented  November  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  38.) 

The  stuff  to  be  bored,  being  placed  upon  table  n ,  is  moved  upward 
against  the  drill  e  with  a  velocity  according  to  the  particular  groove 
of  the  pulleys  G  and  H  in  which  the  band  d  runs.  As  soon  as  the 
boring  operation  has  been  completed,  the  pulley  G  is  uncoupled  from 
its  shaft,,  and  the  table  n  falls  by  its  own  weight. 

Claim. — Supporting  the  rests  n  by  rack  F  and  pinion  p  of  shaft  E, 
and  combining  the  same  with  movable  and  fixed  pulleys  G  and  H, 
as  set  forth,  as  that  the  rests  may  be  moved  upward  with  any  re¬ 
quired  velocity,  or  be  dropped  from  the  drill  at  the  will  of  the  opera¬ 
tor  during  the  revolution  of  the  boring-shaft,  as  and  lor  the  purposes 
specified. 


No.  13,845. — Joel  P.  Heacock. — Improvement  in  Drilling  and  Screw 

Cutting  Machines. — Patented  November  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  39.) 

Movement  being  given  to  pulley  G,  th  i  pinion  H  actuates  wheel  E 
secured  on  mandrel  shaft  B,  and  thus  the  tool  M  is  turned.  To  ad¬ 
vance  the  tool,  the  strap  Z  is  tightened  on  its  pulleys  Y  and  X,  (by 
tightening  pulley  or  other  means,)  causing  the  cone-pulley  S  to  actuate 
strap  K  and  pulley  P.  As  soon  as  P  commences  to  revolve,  the  nut, 
cut  into  its  larger  end,  will  act  upon  the  screw-thread  C  upon  the  end 
of  shaft  B,  and  the  shaft  B  and  tool  will  advance  until  the  ring  N 
strikes  the  stop  R,  as  will  be  described  hereafter. 


310 


II. — METALLURGY. 


The  proportion  of  drum  X  and  pulley  Y  is  the  same  as  gear  H  and 
E;  consequently  their  movement  would  be  alike  if  uncontrolled,  that 
is,  if  a  pair  of  plain  pulleys  were  substituted  for  P  and  S ;  but  as  they 
are  conoid,  and  the  sliding  strap  K  is  made  to  approach  the  small  end 
of  P  and  large  end  of  S,  the  speed  of  P  is  increased,  and  thus  the 
feed  is  given;  and  it  is  owing  also  to  this  difference  of  speed  that  the 
release  or  unlocking  of  feather  a 1  is  obtained.  To  retract  the  man¬ 
drel  and  tool,  (the  cone  P  and  nut  therein  being  held  still  by  the  adhe¬ 
sion  of  the  crossed  strap  K,)  the  gear  H  and  E  actuate  the  mandrel, 
and  the  male  screw  thereon,  working  in  the  nut,  brings  back  the  ring 
N,  until  it  comes  in  contact  with  the  end  of  feather  a1,  (said  feather 
passing  freely  through  the  spur  E  as  a  clutch,)  and  clamps  the  feather 
against  the  end  of  cone  P,  thus  locking  it  and  causing  its  movement. 
By  throwing  off  strap  X  there  will  be  no  feed  given  to  the  mandrel, 
although  the  two  cone-pulleys  still  turn  by  the  clamping  effect  of  the 
set  ring ;  but  the  moment  the  strap  is  tightened,  the  clamping  effect 
ceases,  by  the  effect  of  P  being  proportionally  greater. 

Claim. — The  use  of  pulleys  P  and  S  X  and  Y,  set  ring  N  operating 
conjointly  on  the  feather  a1,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  set 
forth. 


No.  13,310. — Horace  Hotchkiss. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  Cut¬ 
ting  Files. — Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  39.) 

The  bed  h,  on  which  the  blank  i  is  held  to  be  cut  into  a  file,  can  be 
slided  between  dovetail  guides  (one  of  them  adjustable  by  set-screws 
c)  on  the  lower  bed  bl,  which  latter  can  be  rotated  on  the  bed-plate  at 
d ,  and  retained  in  any  position  by  set-screws.  Bed  b  is  slided  intermit¬ 
tently  alo$g  by  means  of  lever  e  on  fulcrum  e1,  which  lever  receives 
motion  from  eccentric  e2  on  driving  shaft  f;  lever  e  acting  by  means  of 
rod  e3  on  arm  e4,  axis  e5,  arm  e6,  and  pawl  e7,  which,  taking  in  succes¬ 
sion  against  the  teeth  of  ratchet-wheel  h  on  screw- shaft  A1,  drives  the 
screw-shaft  round,  and  by  reason  of  the  screw-shaft  passing  through  a 
screw-nut  and  bevel  wheel  h2  revolving  in  a  bracket  fixed  to  the  side 
of  bed  b  ;  this  bed  b  is  moved  along  the  guides  on  bed  61,  so  as  to  pre¬ 
sent  the  blank  i  properly  to  the  cutter.  The  cutter  l  has  a  slot  through 
it,  into  which  a  pin  on  the  holder  passes,  and  upon  which  the  cutter 
may  move  as  a  centre,  and  thus  ensure  its  edge  being  placed  on  a  level 
with  the  surface  of  the  blank.  This  movement  is  of  course  only  a 
slight  one,  and  limited  by  guide  projections  on  the  holder.  The  cut¬ 
ter  rests  against  a  spring  l1.  The  cam  o  alternately  raises  the  frame  w, 
which  slides  in  guides  n1,  and  is  constantly  pressed  down  by  spring  n2. 
The  tension  of  spring  q  (which  is  regulated  by  leverage  q 5  q 1  qz  q2  ql  and 
roller  q1  resting  on  the  pattern  m)  regulates  the  blow  of  the  hammer  p, 
which  latter  is  alternately  raised  by  a  cam  r.  The  inclination  of  the 
cutter  and  hammer  is  regulated  by  means  of  frame  s,  which  carries  the 
guides  nl  and  slots  s1  and  set-screws  s2. 

Claim. — Supporting  the  file  blank  upon  a  compound  carriage,  hav¬ 
ing  both  a  rotary  and  lateral  adjustment  horizontally,  while  the  cutter 
is  adjusted  only  in  a  plane  passing  through  the  apex  of  the  cutter  and 


II. — METALLURGY. 


311 


bisecting  its  edge,  and  is  at  the  same  time  perpendicular  to  the  edge 
of  the  cutter  and  to  the  plane  of  the  file  carriage. 

Also,  placing  the  cutter  in  line  with  the  hammer,  and  in  the  same  ad¬ 
justable  frame  therewith,  so  that  when  the  position  of  the  cutter  is  changed 
by  an  adjustment  of  this  frame,  the  hammer  shall  also  be  adjusted  by 
the  same  operation  to  conform  to  the  position  of  the  cutter. 


No.  12,594. — Richard  G.  Holmes  and  Wm.  H.  Butler. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Fire-Proof  Safes. — Patented  March  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  39.) 

The  chambers,  for  holding  up  the  filling,  are  formed  by  breaking  brick 
into  lumps  of  such  size  and  irregular  shapes  as  to  touch  each  other  and 
the  sides  of  the  safe.  They  do  not  present  flat  surfaces  to  each  other, 
but  touch  in  points.  The  interstices  6,  between  the  lumps  a ,  constitute 
the  cells  which  contain  the  filling. 

The  inventors  say :  We  are  aware  that  a  compound  of  alum  and 
clay  has  been  used  as  a  fire-proof  filling  for  safes ;  also  that  brick,  soft 
stone,  layers  of  pumice,  and  other  porous  substances  have  been  used  for 
an  interior  fire-proof  lining  or  shield  for  the  like  purpose  ;  likewise,  that 
in  connexion  with  various  soft  porous  fillings  between  the  inner  and 
outer  cases  of  the  safe,  tubes,  containing  alkaline  solutions,  have  been 
interspersed  ;  none  of  such,  therefore,  do  we  claim  ;  nor  yet,  as  a  more 
antiphlogistic  compound,  the  combination  of  an  alkali  with  alum. 

But  we  claim  a  new  and  useful  improvement  in  alum  fillings  of 
safes,  or  other  fire-proof  structures,  essentially  as  specified,  combining 
with  an  alum  filling  an  alkali,  in  such  proportions,  that  the  alum, 
in  becoming  heated  or  melted,  has  a  part  of  its  acid  neutralized  by  the 
action  of  the  alkali,  when  the  said  filling  is  interspersed  with,  and  sup¬ 
ported  or  restrained  from  settling  down  by  cells  a  of  porous  or  material, 
or  frame  work  of  porous  substance  arranged  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,133.— Julius  H.  Kroehl. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  Forming 

Flanges  on  Wrought  Iron  Beams. — Patented  January  2,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  39.) 

This  machine  is  to  produce  flanges  of  any  desired  taper  or  other 
shape, as  for  instance  the  one  represented  in  figs.  3  and  4,  consisting  of  ta¬ 
pered  parts  l  Jc  and  ll  kl,  and  a  straight  part  k  kl.  The  bar  being  intro 
duced  between  rollers  B  B1,  it  gives  motion  to  rollers  C  C  by  being  in 
contact  with  them,  and,  by  these  rollers  C  C,  has  its  flanges  bent  up¬ 
wards  over  the  sides  of  roller  B1.  Cams  F  F  impart  proper  move¬ 
ment  to  levers  E  E,  so  as  to  cause  the  rollers  C  C  to  ascend  or  descend, 
or  to  remain  stationary,  so  as  to  produce  the  desired  shape  of  the 
flange. 

Disclaimed . — The  employment  for  forming  or  reducing  metal  bars  of 
two  pairs  of  rollers  arranged  as  described,  when  the  side  rollers  C  C 
have  no  flanges  or  no  movement  in  the  line  of  their  axis,  or  any  of  the 
rollers  are  otherwise  constructed  than  as  herein  described. 


312' 


II. — METALLURGY. 


Claim. — The  combination  of  the  wide  and  narrow  rollers  B  B1  and 
the  flanged  rollers  C  C,  which  have  a  movement  in  the  line  of  their  axis 
corresponding  with  the  desired  form  of  the  edges  of  the  flanges  on  the 
beam,  for  the  purpose  of  finishing  or  smoothing  the  said  edges,  substan¬ 
tially  as  herein  set  forth. 


No.  13,514. — John  Demarest,  assignor  to  the  J.  L.  Mott  Iron 
Works. — Improved  Flask  for  Moulding  Bath  Tubs. — Patented  Au¬ 
gust  28,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  40.) 

b  represents  a  section  of  the  tub  when  cast.  The  drag  a  is  braced 
by'bar  c  firmly  secured  to  the  sides  of  the  drag ;  to  the  outside  of  the 
drag  are  secured  clamps  d  d  that  extend  above  the  upper  edge,  and 
these  provided  with  screws  e  e  to  clamp  the  second  section  or  cheek 
of  the  mould.  The  cope  i  is  provided  with  a  similar  brace  Zr,  clamps 
l  l,  and  screws  m  m.  Thus  the  upper  and.  lower  sections  are  secured 
against  yielding  to  internal  pressure  during  the  process  of  moulding  and 
casting ;  the  clamp  screws  also  serving  to  adjust  the  mould  so  that  the 
two  sides  of  the  tub  will  be  of  exactly  the  same  thickness. 

The  wings  attached  to  the  cheek  g,  sustain  the  sand  which  is  ram¬ 
med  in  to  form  the  sides  of  the  mould,  and  are  provided  with  recesses 
q,  so  that  the  sand  between  the  several  wings  shall  be  united  over  these 
curved  edges,  and  bind  the  whole  to  prevent  caving  in. 

I  claim ,  connecting  by  means  of  a  brace  or  braces,  the  sidns  of  the 
drag  or  first  section,  and  of  the  cope  or  third  section  of  flasks  for  cast¬ 
ing  bath  tubs  or  other  large  and  thin  hollow  vessels,  substantially  as 
described,  in  combination  with  the  clamps  and  adjusting  sen  ws,  or  their 
equivalents,  which  embrace  and  act  upon  the  sides  of  the  cheek,  or 
second  section  of  the  flask.  * 

And  I  also  claim,  recessing  the  upper  edge  of  the  wings  on  the  inside 
of  the  cheek,  or  second  section  of  the  flask,  back  of  the  inner  edge,  as 
specified. 


No.  12,282. — Dane.  Newton.- — Improvement  m  Metal  Folding  Ma¬ 
chines. — Patented  January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  40.) 

The  movable  part  of  the  apparatus  consists  of  a  square  bar  g  with 
one  side  circled  over,  and  the  other  side  contains  a  hollow  with  bear¬ 
ings  2  at  each  end.  In  the  hollow  are  fastened  a  number  of  stet  1  fingers 
b  slightly  bent.  The  plate  1  has  its  front  edge  a 1  bevelled  off  suitable 
for  turning  the  fold.  On  the  under  side  of  the  plate  are  fingers  c  exactly 
the  same  as  those  fastened  in  the  hollow,  with  the  ends  reversed,  so  as 
to  go  under  those  in  the  hollow  and  bear  alike  on  each  other.  In  the 
hollow  are  two  springs  which  bear  against  the  plate  1  to  raise  it  when 
it  is  drawn  back.  On  the  under  side  of  the  plate  are  fastened  two 
gauges  4  to  regulate  the  width  of  the  fold.  They  are  secured  by 
screws  5.  In  the  left  end  of  the  plate  is  a  slot  and  pin  a  to  secure  a 
parallel  motion  of  the  plate.  The  handle  3  is  hung  by  a  bo  St  8  ;  the 
end  over  the  plate  contains  a  steel  pin,  wrhich  passes  through  the  handle 


II. - METALLURGY. 


313 


and  plate,  by  means  of  which,  on  moving  the  handle  to  the  left,  the 
plate  is  raised  by  the  aid  of  the  two  springs,  and  by  reversing  the 
motion  of  the  handle,  the  plate  is  drawn  firmly  to  the  metal  whilst  the 
fold  is  turning. 

Claim. — The  application  to  folders  (for  sheet-iron,  tin,  copper,  &c.) 
of  three  or  more  pairs  of  steel  fingers,  all  of  the  same  shape,  one-half 
of  which  are  fastened  to  the  plate  which  turns  the  fold,  and  the  other 
half  secured  in  a  hollow  underneath  the  same,  the  whole  acting  together, 
thereby  drawing  and  holding  the  plate  firmly  on  the  metal  whilst  the 
fold  is  turning. 

Also,  the  gauges  attached  to  the  plate,  by  which  the  width  of  the  fold 
is  regulated,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,135. — Wesley  M.  Lee. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  Forging 

Car  Wheels. — Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  40.) 

This  improvement  consists  in  making  the  face  of  the  hammer-die 
with  a  series  of  flutes  or  swells  extending  from  near  the  hub  towards 
the  rim  in  curved  lines,  or  in  lines  tangent  to  some  circle  of  less  diam¬ 
eter  than  the  rim  of  the  wheel;  when  this  is  employed  in  combination 
with  the  turning  (between  each  two  blows)  of  the  anvil  or  the  ham¬ 
mer-die  a  portion  of  a  revolution  about  equal  to  half  of  the  space 
between  the  flutes,  so  that  at  the  next  blow  the  ridges  of  the  die  will 
strike  on  the  ridges  formed  on  the  block  of  iron  by  the  cavities  of  the 
hammer- die  by  the  previous  blow.  These  are  the  means  to  facilitate 
the  spreading  of  the  metal  towards  the  periphery  of  the  die-box  to  form 
a  thoroughly  compacted  tread  and  flange. 

In  the  figure  the  anvil  is  represented  as  being  provided  with  cogs 
j  all  round,  into  which  pinions  k  k  gear,  by  which  arrangement  the 
proper  revolution  of  the  anvil  is  to  be  produced. 

Claim. — Forming  the  face  of  the  hammer-die  with  flutes  or  projec¬ 
tions,  substantially  as  specified,  when  combined  with  the  turning  of 
the  die  or  anvil  during  the  operation  of  forging  or  swaging,  substan¬ 
tially  as  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  12,961. — Silas  S.  Putnam. — Improvements  in  Forging  Machines. — 

Patented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  40.) 

D  E  F  G  are  the  four  hammers,  operated  by  cranks  h  and  i,  and 
the  pitmans  K  L  (the  latter  being  made  to  yield  at  the  time  of  each 
blow  by  means  of  a  spiral-spring  q ,  the  object  and  operation  of  which 
will  be  understood  from  the  engravings).  Crank  h  acts  on  hammer 
G  by  means  of  pitman  K  L  and  forked  connecting  rod  I ;  crank  i 
acts  on  hammer  F  by  means  of  the  other  pitman  K  L.  The  object 
and  operation  of  the  four  connecting  rods  H,  forming  a  parallelogram, 
will  be  understood  without  a  more  detailed  description. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  combination  of  an  anvil,  its 
hammer,  and  two  lateral  hammers  made  to  operate  together,  so  as  to 
enable  a  bar,  during  its  reduction  by  the  hammers,  to  be  compressed 
ca:  reduced  laterally  by  the  sid6  hammers. 


314 


II. - METALLURGY. 


But  I  claim,  so  combining  four  hammers  together,  by  means  substan¬ 
tially  as  described,  that  not  only  may  two  of  them  be  approaching 
towards,  while  two  are  receding  from  one  another,  but  that  the  mo¬ 
mentum  of  the  receding  hammers  may  be  brought  into  action  upon 
the  approaching  hammers,  so  as  to  increase  the  effect  of  the  blow  or 
blows  produced  by  them  as  stated. 

I  also  claim  two  hammers,  arranged  to  operate  on  two  opposite  sides 
of  a  bar,  in  combination  with  two  hammers  arranged  to  operate  upon 
the  other  two  opposite  sides  of  each  bar,  each  set  operating  alternate¬ 
ly,  and  the  four  hammers  acting  on  the  four  sides,  and  producing  an 
equality  of  reduction  of  the  bar,  which  cannot  be  obtained  by  an 
anvil  to  support  it  and  three  hammers  operating  upon  the  three  un¬ 
supported  sides  of  such  bar. 

I  also  claim,  the  described  manner  of  constructing  each  of  the  con¬ 
necting  rods  K  L,  in  order  that  it  may  not  only  allow  its  crank  to 
continue  its  movement  when  the  hammers  strike  together,  or  upon  a 
bar  of  metal,  but  relieve  the  cranks  and  connecting  rods  from  the 
effects  of  the  sudden  blows  given  by  the  hammers. 


No.  13,053. — Wm.  R.  Thomson. — Improvements  in  Heating  Wrought* 

Iron  Wheels  for  Forging. — Patented  June  12,  1855.  (Plates  p.  40.) 

The  butts,  which  form  the  hub  d 1  of  wheel  d ,  are  made  in  sections, 
having  angular  and  curved  sides,  so  that  when  put  together  and 
forged  into  a  solid  hub,  they  cannot  slip  apart  or  out  of  place.  The 
sections  or  hub  are  heated  by  a  peculiarly  arranged  furnace,  which 
causes  the  heat  to  pass  around  and  through  the  centre  of  the  hub,  from 
above  and  below  alternately,  as  may  be  required ;  and  when  heated  to 
a  sufficient  degree,  the  sections  are  welded  into  a  solid  hub,  by  the 
compressing  and  swaging  action  of  the  dies,  conforming  to  the  shape 
of  the  hub  and  spokes. 

Claim.. — The  method  of  heating  hubs  for  wrought-iron  wheels,  as 
described,  the  same  being  then  forged  and  swaged,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,434. — Daniel  Noyes. — Improved  Forging  Machine . — Patented 

August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  40.) 

The  parts  a  and  h  of  anvil  B  form  a  right  angle  with  each  other,  the 
first  being  horizontal,  and  the  other  vertical.  C  C1  hammer-shafts; 
the  hammers  F  F1  are  pivoted  to  discs  E  E1  on  said  shafts,  F  striking 
against  a ,  and  F1  against  b,  and  their  movements  bein£  limited  each  by 
two  stops/  k;  said  movement  being  only  sufficient  to  allow  the  hammer 
to  be  drawn  lengthwise  from  the  anvil  by  the  continued  revolutions  of 
the  disc  after  the  blow  is  struck.  In  order  to  give  a  four  blow,  it  is 
necessary  that  when  the  top  hammer  F  strikes,  the  pieces  being  forged 
should  be  in  contact  with  the  face  a,  but  removed  from  b;  and  when 
hammer  F1  strikes,  it  should  be  in  contact  with  b,  but  removed  from  a. . 
The  carriage  employed  to  carry  the  piece  and  give  it  this  movement 
consists  of  lever  G  working  on  fulcrum  l,  and  connected  by  pitman  H 
to  a  crank  on  a  shaft  revolving  at  the  same  speed  as  the  hammer-shaft. 


II. - METALLURGY. 


315 


The  piece  is  inserted  through  a  hole  in  lever  G.  The  motion  imparted 
to  the  lever  G  by  pitman  H  will  bring  the  piece  alternately  to  the  faces 
a  and  b. 

Claim.  1st.  Attaching  the  hammer  or  hammers  of  a  forging  machine 
each  by  a  pivot  to  a  revolving  disc  or  crank  so  as  to  revoive  therewith, 
and  controling  the  position  thereof  by  stops  attached  to  the  face  of  the 
disc  or  crank,  in  the  manner  substantially  herein  specified;  whereby, 
after  the  hammer  has  been  caused  to  strike  on  the  anvil  by  the  revolu¬ 
tion  of  the  disc  or  crank,  it  will  be,  by  the  continuous  revolution  thereof, 
drawn  lengthwise  off  the  anvil,  to  enable  its  revolution  to  continue  for 
another  blow,  substantially  as  described. 

2d.  The  employment  of  an  anvil  with  a  face  forming  the  interior  of 
a  right  angle,  in  combination  with  the  hammers  operating  at  right  angles 
to  each,  against  the  said  faces,  substantially  as  described. 

3d.  The  arrangement  of  the  movable  carriage  or  rest  relatively  to  the 
two-faced  anvil  and  the  hammers  F  F1,  substantially  in  the  manner 
described. 


No.  12,770. — John  Comstock,  assignor  to  Peter  Naylor. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Forge- Hammers. — Patented  April  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  41.) 

When  the  operator  presses  down  the  end  8  of  the  lever  g,  the  ham¬ 
mer  is  moved  with  a  speed  proportioned  to  the  tightness  of  the  belt  2; 
the  cam  i  by  its  length  giving  a  heavy  blow,  the  force  of  which  blow 
can  be  regulated  by  the  screw  shackle  20,  and  the  spring  w  lifts  the 
hammer  again  each  blow;  and  when  the  forgingis  nearly  complete,  or 
requires  but  slight  blows,  the  workman  presses  down  the  end  15  of  the 
lever  13,  which  slides  the  cams  i  and  i  1  along  on  the  shaft  c ,  and  brings 
the  cam  i  1  into  operation,  which,  being  shorter  than  i ,  strikes  a  lighter 
blow,  suited  to  finishing  the  forging. 

The  inventor  says :  1  do  not  claim  a  tightening  pulley  in  itself,  as 
this  is  well  known;  but  I  am  not  aware  that  a  tightening  pulley  and 
brake  have  ever  before  been  used  as  herein  set  forth,  by  which  the 
speed  of  the  blow  is  regulated  by  the  tightness  of  the  belt,  or  the  same 
is  stopped  entirely  by  the  brake,  while  the  motive  power  still  propels 
the  belt.  And  I  am  well  aware  that  a  hammer  has  been  so  set  as  to 
be  drawn  down  to  give  the  blow  and  then  raised  again  by  a  spring; 
therefore,  I  do  not  claim  the  same  in  itself.  And  I  am  also  well  aware 
that  different  sized  cams  have  been  used  for  raising  a  forging  hammer ; 
therefore,  I  do  not  claim  the  different  lengths  of  cams  in  themselves. 
But  I  am  not  aware  that  two  or  more  cams  of  varying  lengths  have 
ever  before  been  combined  with  a  lever  and  adjustable  screw  shackle 
to  pull  down  a  hammer  and  give  the  blow,  whereby  I  am  enabled  to 
use  a  definite  amount  of  motion  given  by  a  cam  to  forge  articles  of  various 
sizes,  the  screw  shackle  giving  the  facility  for  regulating  the  point  to 
which  the  hammer  is  pulled. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  method  herein  described  and  shown  for  regulating 
the  speed  of  the  blows  given  by  a  forging  hammer  by  the  use  of  tight¬ 
ening  pulley  e,  combined  with  the  brake  11  applied  to  the  fly-wheel  d, 
substantially  as  specified. 


316 


II. - METALLURGY. 


2d.  The  method  herein  described  and  shown  of  regulating  the  amount 
which  a  hammer  is  drawn  down  to  give  the  blow  by  rotating  cams,  by 
combining  with  said  cams  and  hammer  the  adjustable  screw-shackle  20 
and  lever  u,  the  whole  constructed  and  combined,  substantially  as 
specified. 


No.  13,179. — Milo  Peck. — Improvement  in  Trip-Hammers. — Patented 

July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  41.) 

There  are  two  slide  valves  P  and  T  arranged  on  cylinder  C,  with¬ 
in  which  works  a  piston  fastened  to  the  end  of  the  hammer-rod.  The 
inner  valve  P  is  moved  up  and  down  by  means  of  arm  R,  connecting 
rod  S,  and  a  crank  on  the  main  driving  or  sweep-shaft.  As  the  ham¬ 
mer  B  drops,  carrying  with  it  the  sweep-shaft,  the  inner  valve  rises  so 
as  to  touch  with  its  lower  edge  the  air-port  of  the  cylinder.  The  outer 
valve  T  (when  the  hammer  strikes)  approaches  the  lower  edge  of  the 
inner  valve,  leaving  but  a  slight  opening,  so  that  the  instant  the  ham¬ 
mer  begins  to  rise,  the  inner  valve,  connected  with  the  sweep-shaft,  be¬ 
gins  to  rise  with  it;  the  air  is  cut  off;  and,  as  the  hammer  rises,  the  air 
in  the  cylinder  is  compressed  between  the  piston  and  the  cylinder 
head,  till  the  hammer  falls.  The  air  passes  in  at  the  slot,  shown  in 
the  figure,  at  the  side  of  valve  P.  The  position  of  valve  T  (which  is 
set  by  means  of  hand-lever  W)  determines  the  force  of  the  blow.  As 
the  valve  T  is  raised,  the  hammer  rises  further  before  the  air  is  cut  off 
by  the  valve  P,  which  rises  with  it;  and,  of  course,  there  is  less  air  in 
the  cylinder  to  be  compressed.  This  can  be  carried  so  far  as  to  pre¬ 
vent  any  blow  at  all ;  for  the  outer  valve  may  be  raised  so  high  that 
the  upper  edge  of  the  inner  valve  will  cut  off  the  supply  of  air  as  soon 
as  the  hammer  begins  to  fall,  thus  tending  to  produce  a  vacuum;  and 
the  further  the  hammer  falls  the  more  complete  the  vacuum,  so  that 
the  hammer  is  arrested  before  it  reaches  the  anvil. 

The  inventor  says :  Ido  not  claim  the  lifting  apparatus  described 
by  itself ;  this  has  already  been  secured  to  me  by  letters  patent,  No¬ 
vember  25,  1851. 

But  I  claim ,  so  controlling  the  admission  and  exit  of  air  above  the 
piston,  that  the  force  of  the  blow  given  by  the  hammer  may  be  regu¬ 
lated  by  the  condensation  and  attenuation  of  the  air,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,608. — Peter  L.  Weimer. — Improvement  in  Trip-Hammers. — 

Patented  September  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  41.) 

When  the  hammer  A  rises,  the  pawls  P  slide  into  the  hub  B.  When 
the  hammer  falls,  the  pawls  F  catch  into  the  teeth  of  ring  D,  and 
carry  the  ring  around.  If  it  is  desired  to  diminish  the  force  of  the 
blow  of  the  hammer,  the  hand-wheel  E  is  to  be  turned  so  as  to  press 
the  friction-brake  S  W  against  the  circumference  of  the  ring.  By  tight¬ 
ening  the  friction-brake  sufficiently,  the  hammer  can  be  gagged.  C  is 
the  fulcrum  of  the  hammer,  the  front  end  of  which  is  not  shown  in 
the  engraving. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  hub,  or  centre  piece  B,  the  pawls 


II. - METALLURGY. 


317 


F,  the  interior  ratchet  ring  D,  the  lined  metallic  strap  S,  the  hand- 
wheel  E,  and  the  post  P;  the  whole  being  combined,  arranged,  and 
operated,  in  the  manner  substantially  as  specified. 


No.  12,443. — Chas.  Miller. — Improvements  in  Machines  for  Making 

Butt  Hinges . — Patented  February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  42.) 

The  claim,  in  combination  with  the  engravings,  sufficiently  explains 
the  nature  of  this  invention.  A  more  detailed  description  would  occupy 
too  much  space. 

F  and  F1  represent  the  two  strips  of  metal  from  which  the  hinges 
are  cut ;  x  represents  the  rod  from  which  the  pins  are  cut ;  the  strips 
and  hinges  are  represented  in  fig.  1  by  dotted  lines. 

Claim . — First.  The  arrangement,  as  described,  in  the  same  line,  of 
the  punches  d  and  d1,  which  cut  out  two  blanks  to  the  proper  shape  for 
a  hinge,  and  the  bending  rollers  m  m1,  which  give  the  preparatory  bend 
to  the  two  blanks  to  form  the  joint,  whereby  two  strips  or  bars  of 
metal,  fed  at  proper  intervals  of  time  towards  each  other,  under  the  said 
punchers  and  through  the  said  rollers,  are  cut  into  blanks,  bent,  and 
put  together  ready  to  receive  the  pin,  as  set  forth. 

Second.  Connecting  together  the  two  cutters  h  h ,  which  cut  off  the 
two  blanks,  and  arranging  and  operating  the  said  cutters  so  that  they 
will  cut  off  the  blanks  both  at  the  same  time,  but  not  until  they  have 
both  received  the  preparatory  bend  to  form  the  joint,  and  been  put 
together  ready  to  receive  the  pin,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

Third.  So  controlling  the  operations  of  the  punches  d  and  dl,  which 
cut  out  the  metal  blanks ;  the  rollers  m  ml,  which  give  the  preparatory 
bend  to  form  the  joints ;  and  the  cutters  h  A1,  which  cut  off’  the  partly 
formed  hinge  from  the  strips  :  that  all  act  during  each  intermission  of 
the  feed  movement,  but  that  the  cutters  act  more  quickly  or  earlier 
than  the  punches,  in  order  that  the  preparatory  bending  operation, 
which  takes  place  after  the  action  of  the  cutters,  may  be  effected  be¬ 
fore  the  punches  are  entirely  withdrawn  from  the  metal,  and  that  the 
punches  may  serve  to  hold  the  strips  during  the  said  bending  opera¬ 
tion,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

Fourth.  The  arrangement  in  any  way,  substantially  as  described, 
of  a  slider  V  and  an  intermittently  rotating-wheel  W,  for  the  purpose 
of  removing  the  partly  formed  hinges  from  where  they  are  put  together 
and  cut  oflj  and  carrying  them  and  holding  them  to  receive  the  pin,  and 
have  their  joints  finished,  to  wit :  the  said  slider  V  working  trans¬ 
verse^  to  the  direction  in  which  the  strips  of  metal  move  to  be  sub¬ 
mitted  to  the  successive  operations  of  punching,  bending,  and  cutting 
off,  and  the  intermittently  rotating-wheel  W  being  placed  on  the  op¬ 
posite  side  of  the  strips  to  the  said  slider. 

Fifth.  The  arrangement  of  the  wire  feeding  and  cutting  apparatus, 
and  the  press  which  carries  the  closing  die  38,  in  such  a  manner,  that 
the  horizontal  intermittently  rotating-wheel  W,  which  receives  the 
partly  finished  hinges  when  they  are  cut  oflj  may  bring  and  hold  the 
hinges  severally  and  successively^  first,  opposite  the  said  feeding  and 


318 


II. — METALLURGY. 


cutting  apparatus,  to  receive  the  wire  to  form  the  pin,  and  afterwards 
opposite  the  closing  die  to  have  the  joint  closed. 

This  I  claim ,  irrespective  of  the  particular  means  of  feeding  and  cut¬ 
ting  of!  the  air ;  as  almost  any  kind  of  feeding  and  cutting  apparatus 
may  be  used  ;  and  of  the  particular  method  of  operating  the  closing  die, 
which  may  be  operated  by  any  of  the  means  commonly  employed  for 
such  purposes. 

Sixth.  The  eccentric  curved  piece  17,  arranged  substantially  as 
shown  in  fig.  1,  and  described,  for  the  purpose  of  finishing  the  insertion 
of  the  pin  in  the  hinge  by  pushing  into  the  joint  so  much  of  the  pin  as 
is  left  protruding  when  the  pin  is  cut  off ;  said  pushing  being  effected 
by  the  carrying- wheel  W  carrying  the  protruding  end  of  the  pin  in 
contact  with  the  said  curved  piece. 

Seventh.  The  general  arrangement  and  combination  of  the  several 
mechanical  devices  and  appliances,  substantially  as  shown,  to  form  a 
machine  for  the  manufacture  of  hinges  from  bars  or  strips  of  metal 
complete  at  one  operation. 


No.  12,853. — Henry  E.  Canfield. — Improvement  in  Double-Acting 

Spring  Hinges. — Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  43.) 

The  lower  cylinder  C  (to  which  pin  E  is  secured  and  prevented 
from  turning  by  the  pin  G)  being  made  fast  in  the  door  frame,  the  upper 
cylinder  A,  and  with  it  the  door,  would  be  free  to  turn  on  pin  E,  were 
it  not  for  the  catches  H  H.  By  turning  the  door  in  either  direction,  it 
will  bring  one  or  the  other  of  said  catches  in  contact  with  one  or  the 
other  of  the  hooked  ends  of  the  springs  F,  which  spring  will  cause  the 
door  to  return  until  the  holder  K  relieves  the  catch  of  the  strain  from 
said  spring,  in  which  position  the  door  is  closed. 

The  inventor  says  :  As  I  am  aware  that  flat  coiled  springs,  secured 
in  hollow  cylindrical  chambers,  have  been  before  used  in  making 
double-acting  spring  hinges ;  therefore,  I  disclaim  their  invention. 

But  I  do  claim  the  attachment  to  one  pin  of  two  flat  coiled  springs, 
coiled  in  opposite  directions,  in  combination  with  the  holder  K,  or  its 
equivalent. 


No.  13,085. — Arasmus  French. — Improvement  in  Springs  for  Hinges , 

fyc. — Patented  June  19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  43.) 

When  either  or  both  plates  a  are  turned,  as  represented  in  figure  2, 
so  that  each  rod  will  be  in  a  plane,  radiating  from  the  axis  of  the  plates, 
all  the  rods  will  be  bent  to  the  greatest  extent  in  the  middle  of  their 
length,  and  then  the  spring  will  be  at  its  fullest  tension,  and  will, 
therefore,  tend  to  turn  the  two  plates  in  opposite  directions.  Figure  3 
represents  the  spring  when  applied  to  a  hinge. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  limit  myself  to  the  form  or  application 
specified,  so  long  as  the  same  mode  of  operation  is  attained  by  the 
substitution  of  mere  equivalents. 

But  I  claim  the  method,  substantially  as  specified,  of  composing  a 
spring  of  a  series  of  elastic  rods  connected  at  each  end  to  plates,  or 
their  equivalents,  and  at,  or  nearly  at,  equal  distances  from  the  centre  of 


II. - METALLURGY. 


319 


the  plates,  and  surrounded  at,  or  nearly  at,  the  middle  of  their  length 
by.  a  collar  or  ring,  so  that  they  shall  be  held  nearer  together  at  the 
middle  than  at  the  ends,  substantially  as  specified. 


No.  13,321. — Joseph  Plegar. — Improvement  in  Hinges. — Patented 
July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  43.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

Claim. — Making  a  bolt  on  the  pin  part  of  the  hinge,  and  a  cup  or 
socket  on  the  upper  section  of  the  hinge  to  receive  the  bolt,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,355  • — Solon  S.  Jackman. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  Com¬ 
pressing  Puddlers ’  Balls ,  and  other  Masses  of  Iron. — Patented  July  31, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  43.) 

The  two  fluted  cylinders  B  C  are  of  the  same  size,  but  the  cog¬ 
wheels  D  and  E  (one  on  the  shaft  of  B  and  the  other  on  the  shaft  of 
C)  are  of  unequal  size,  so  that  the  circumferential  velocity  of  B  will 
be  different  from  that  of  C.  The  wheels  D  E  do  not  gear  into  each 
other,  but  both  gear  into  an  intermediate  pinion  (not  shown  in  the  en¬ 
graving).  The  ball  is  thrown  into  the  space  between  B  and  C  and 
a  a;  and,  by  the  unequal  velocity  of  both,  it  is  gradually  carried  down 
and  compressed  between  the  two  cylinders,  until,  passing  the  line  of  the 
centres  of  B  and  C,  it  becomes  disengaged. 

Claim. — The  compressing  of  puddlers’  balls,  or  similar  substances,  by 
means  of  circular  compressers  B  and  C,  so  arranged  that  their  peri¬ 
pheries  shall  have  different  degrees  of  speed,  and  their  surfaces,  in  con¬ 
tact  with  the  mass  to  be  operated  on,  shall  cause  its  rotation  on  its  own 
axis,  and  by  compression  between  them  reduce  the  metal  into  a  bloom, 
in  the  manner  substantially  described. 


No.  12,227. — Lyman  C.  Camp,  assignor  to  Phelps,  Dodge,  &  Co. — 
Improvement  in  Machines  for  Forming  Kettles  from  Metal  Dishes. — Pat¬ 
ented  January  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  43.) 

The  mandrel  carriage  E  is  adjusted  (by  turning  it  around  on  pivot  a) 
to  bring  the  clamp-mandrels  EL  EL1  to  such  a  position  as  to  form  the 
proper  angle  with  the  roller  shafts  M  N,  and  thus  secured ;  and  the 
rollers  are  adjusted  at  a  proper  distance  apart  by  the  screws  l,  which 
act  upon  toe  movable  bearings  m  of  the  roller  Q1.  The  roller  car¬ 
riage  L  is  then  moved  towards  the  mandrels,  till  the  rollers  O  O1  ar¬ 
rive  close  to  the  clamps  I  I1.  The  disc  Z  (represented  in  a  strong  dot¬ 
ted  line)  is  then  inserted  between  the  clamps  and  entered  between  the 
rollers.  (See  fig.  2).  When  the  disc  is  secured,  motion  is  imparted  to 
the  machine,  and  the  action  of  the  screw  Q  will  draw  the  roller  car¬ 
riage  from  the  mandrels.  The  effect  of  the  movement  of  the  rollers 
in  the  line  of  their  axis,  is  to  draw  that  portion  of  the  disc,  which  is 
left  outside  the  clamps,  to  form  the  sides  of  the  vessel  in  a  direction 


320 


II. — METALLURGY. 


parallel  with  the  said  movement;  and  this  drawing,  being  kept  up  con¬ 
tinuously  all  round,  gives  the  aforesaid  portion  of  the  disc  the  form  of 
a  frustrum  of  a  cone.  The  combined  effect  of  the  rotary  and  rectili¬ 
near  movements  of  the  rollers  is  such  as  to  draw  out  the  metal  towards 
the  edges  of  the  disc  a  sufficient  degree  to  produce  the  circumferential 
contraction,  without  which  the  conical  form  could  not  be  produced; 
and  the  continuous  rolling  action  upon  the  metal  keeps  the  particles  so 
compressed,  together  that  its  texture  is  not  injured. 

Claim. — The  employment  of  a  pair  of  rollers  O  O1,  in  combination 
with  a  pair  of  clamps  I  I1,  or  its  equivalent,  all  arranged,  adjusted, 
and  operating  substantially  in  the  manner  described,  for  the  purpose 
of  operating  upon  a  disc  of  brass,  or  other  metal,  to  roll  out  the  said 
disc  from  a  certain  distance  all  round  its  centre  to  its  edges,  and  bend 
or  draw  the  part  so  rolled  to  form  an  angle  with  the  central  part,  and 
cause  it  to  be  distended  radially  or  towards  the  edges,  and  to  be  con¬ 
tracted  circumferentially,  thereby  forming  the  said  disc  by  successive 
stages  into  a  kettle  or  vessel,  or  other  similar  article,  with  conical  or 
cylindrical  sides,  without  employing  a  mould  or  form,  as  herein  fully 
set  forth. 


No.  12,1S6.- — Thos.  Slaight. — Improvement  in  Pad-Locks. — Patented 

January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  43.) 

When  the  lock  (fig  1)  is  to  be  unlocked,  the  bits  of  the  key  m  first 
act  upon  the  tumblers  E,  and  bring  the  slots  l  (of  which  each  tumbler 
has  one  at  varying  distances  from  the  edges  of  the  tumblers)  in  line 
and  in  range  wfith  the  study  on  the  guard-bar  D.  A  bit  on  the  key 
then  acts  against  the  lower  end  of  the  guard- bar  D,  which  is  thereby 
turned,  and  the  stud  y  passes  into  the  slots  l  in  the  tumblers,  and  the 
upper  end  of  the  guard-bar  is  thrown  above  the  upper  end  of  dog  C ; 
and  this  upper  end  of  dog  C  is  then  thrown  back  by  the  action  of 
spring  i  into  recess  A,  and  the  shackle  B  is  free  and  can  be  withdrawn. 
(See  fig.  2.) 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  tumblers  E,  nor  the  guard-bar ; 
for  they  have  been  previously  used. 

But  I  do  claim,  1st.  The  employment  or  use  of  a  dog  C,  constructed 
as  herein  shown,  or  in  an  equivalent  way,  so  that  the  pressure  of  the 
shackle  upon  it,  when  the  end  of  said  shackle  is  forced  into  the  case, 
will  throw  the  dog  into  the  recess  or  notch  in  the  shackle,  without  the  in¬ 
tervention  or  aid  of  a  spring  or  any  other  device. 

2d.  The  combination  of  the  dog  C,  guard-bar  D,  with  the  study 
upon  it,  and  slotted  tumblers  E,  arranged  as  herein  shown,  and  opera¬ 
ting  in  the  manner  as  set  forth.  -*► 


No.  12,240. — John  C.  Kline. — Improvement  in  Door  Latch  Locks. — 
Patented  January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  43.) 

By  turnmg  the  knob  (which  is  fastened  on  the  square  pivot  G)  right 
or  left,  the  bolt  B  is  drawn  back  by  the  action  of  the  arm  l  or  Z1,  and 
spring  E  forces  the  bolt  back  again  when  the  knob  is  let  loose.  Fig.  1 
shows  the  bolt  disengaged  from  the  key  tumbler,  in  which  case  the  bolt 


II. — METALLURGY. 


321 


can  be  freely  worked  by  the  knob.  But  by  turning  the  bolt-key  n  the 
tumbler  is  brought  into  position  fig.  2,  in  which  nose  g  sets  against 
the  shoulder  d  of  the  bolt,  and  the  part  o  of  the  tumbler  rests  against 
the  side  ol  the  bolt,  and  the  spring  receiver  D  (being  pushed  back  by  the 
oblique  faces  between  g1  and  D)  rests  against  the  nose  g 1  of  the  key- 
tumbler.  In  this  position  the  bolt  is  prevented  from  being  moved  by 
the  knob.  Fig.  2  also  shows  how  the  night  key  q  sets  in  the  notch  c, 
whereby  the  bolt  is  stopped.  The  shape  of  the  key-tumbler  is  such 
that  a  key  inserted  in  either  of  the  keyholes  will  operate  it. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  in  double  key  holed  right  and  left  hand 
locks  ol  the  key-tumbler  c,  with  its  noses  or  projections  g  g  in  relation 
to  the  spring  receiver  D  and  the  shoulders  d  d  of  the  bolt,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,403. — Frederick  Denzler. — Improvement  in  Bank  Locks . — 

Patented  February  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  44.) 

If  the  bolt  B  is  pushed  out  (fig.  1)  through  the  fallar  C,  the  projec¬ 
tion  Y  at  the  back  of  the  bolt  has  moved  lever  M  in  such  a  manner  that 
through  the  same  the  catch  X,  which  is  connected  to  said  lever  M,  is 
pushed  against  the  tumbler-plate,  so  that  its  tooth  falls  into  one  of  the 
teeth  of  the  tumbler-plate,  locking  thereby  the  same  to  the  tumbler  N, 
and  the  projection  P1  of  the  tumbler-plate  P  has  come  out  from  between 
the  projections  I  I  of  the  bolt  B.  If  the  fallar  J  is  now  turned  again  so 
as  to  allow  the  slide  D  to  be  pressed  down  by  its  spring  lever  K,  carry¬ 
ing  with  it  the  tumblers  N  with  the  tumbler-plates  P  locked  to  the  same 
by  the  catch  X,  the  projection  D1  of  the  slide  D  comes  against  the  pro¬ 
jection  B1  of  the  bolt  B,  and  the  dog  E  is  moved  into  the  notch  g1  of 
the  bolt  B,  keeping  thereby  said  bolt  B  fast.  The  dog  H  has  thereby 
been  likewise  moved  under  the  lever  F,  pieventing  said  lever  from  being 
pushed  away  by  the  projection  i  on  the  fallar  C,  and  prevents,  conse¬ 
quently,  said  fallar  from  being  moved.  (See  fig.  2.) 

The  lever  F  turns  upon  a  centre  f  and  is  provided  with  a  roller  h 
bearing  against  projection  i  on  fallar  C. 

Claim. — The  lever  F  in  connexion  with  its  spring  lever  G,  together 
with  the  dog  H  acting  upon  the  lever  F,  said  dog  H  being  actuated  bv- 
the  dog  E,  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  the  fallar  C  from  being  turned. 


No.  12,476. — William  Ballauf  and  Frederick  Wurth. — Improve¬ 
ments  in  Guards  for  Door  Locks. — Patented  March  6,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  44.) 

The  object  of  this  invention  is  to  provide  a  conveniently  portable 
instrument,  by  means  of  which  the  keyhole  of  any  ordinary  door  lock 
can  be  rendered  inaccessible,  the  instrument  being  removable  by  the 
same  key  which  fastens  it.  The  spindle  (together  with  its  socket,  etc.) 
is  to  be  screwed  within  the  eye  of  the  keyhole  of  any  usual  size,  the 
groove  1  serving  to  facilitate  the  engagement  of  the  screw  within  the 
keyhole.  Except  when  the  key  l  is  brought  into  action,  the  springs  e 
retain  the  dent  5  (on  each  tumbler)  within  the  notch  4  in  the  key. 

21 


322 


IL. — METALLURGY. 


The  front  end  of  each  tumbler  is  confined  to  a  longitudinal  motion  by 
the  pin  g.  The  T-shaped  slot  7,  working  on  pin  h ,  permits  the  rear 
ends  of  the  tumblers  to  be  elevated  by  the  piston  i  to  the  proper  distance, 
by  means  of  channel  12  on  the  key-stem.  The  horizontal  portion  of 
the  slot  then  permits  the  tumblers  to  be  advanced  longitudinally  by  the 
pressure  of  end  8  and  groove  edge  9  of  the  key,  respective^,  against 
the  spurs  3  31.  This  action  brings  the  lugs  5  clear  of  the  notches  4 
4\  and  into  the  eccentric  channel  10  around  the  spindle  shank.  The 
lugs  5  and  spurs  3  31  then  occupy  the  channels  10  9  and  11,  the 
latter  formed  by  the  opposing  and  parallel  shoulders  of  the  key  and 
spindle,  if  a  key  is  employed  which  pushes  the  tumblers  either  too  far 
or  not  far  enough,  it  is  impossible  to  rotate  the  spindle.  The  form  and 
action  of  the  T  slot  is  such  as  to  restrain  the  tumblers  from  any  longi¬ 
tudinal  movement,  unless  at  the  commencement  ofthe  advancing  pressure. 

The  action  of  the  eccentric  channels  ofthe  spindle  and  key  is  to 
impart  to  the  tumblers  a  short  sliding  motion  to  and  fro  in  the  act  of 
rotating  the  spindle ;  and  all  the  channels  being  parallel  to  each  other, 
the  dent  and  spur  on  each  tumbler  have  an  unrestricted  motion  in  their 
respective  channels.  However,  should  a  key  be  employed  whose 
channels  were  either  more  or  less  eccentric,  it  would  be  impossible  to 
rotate  the  spindle. 

The  crotch  13  on  the  key  engages  (on  the  advancement  of  the  key) 
a  spud  14  upon  the  spindle  shank,  and  thus  the  spindle  may  be  rotated 
by  the  key. 

We  claim ,  1st.  The  bit  or  case  C  and  the  bracket  K,  adapted  to  the 
slot  of  an  ordinary  keyhole,  in  combination  with  the  cylindrical  socket  b 
and  tapering  screw-threaded  spindle  a,  substantially  as  set  forth, 
adapted  to  the  eye  of  the  keyhole  ;  and  which  spindle,  by  means  of  a 
suitable  key  l ,  as  described,  can  be  screwed  within  or  unscrewed  from 
the  keyhole,  the  rotation  of  the  screw  by  any  other  than  the  proper 
key  being  prevented  by  the  described  tumblers  d,  or  their  equivalents. 

2d.  The  sliding  or  vibrating  tumblers  d,  provided  with  a  locking 
dent  or  lug  5  catching  within  a  notch  4  in  the  spindle  shank,  and  dis¬ 
engaged  therefrom  by  the  combined  agencies  of  the  channelled  and 
sliding  key  /,  elevating  pin  or  piston  i ,  longitudinal  and  T  slots  6  7, 
and  stationary  pins  g  h,  substantially  as  described,  the  tumbler,  on  the 
withdrawal  of  the  key,  relocking  by  means  of  a  suitable  spring. 

3d.  In  combination  with  the  tumblers,  substantially  as  represented, 
the  longitudinal  notches  4  41,  extending  on  both  sides  of  a  transverse  or 
eccentric  channel  10,  around  the  spindle  shank. 

4th.  The  eccentric  and  parallel  channels  9  10  11,  around  the 
spindle-shank  and  key-stem,  acting  simultaneously  upon  both  dent  and 
spur  of  each  tumbler,  after  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

5th.  The  tapering  screw,  threaded,  and  spirally  scored  spindle  in 
this  connexion. 


No.  12,526.  —William  Warwick. —  Improvement  in  Door  Locks. — Pat¬ 
ented  March  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  44.) 

The  key  when  inserted  and  acting  with  its  bevelled  wards  w  against 


II. — METALLURGY. 


323 


the  bevelled  edges  e  of  the  tumbler,  will  push  it  back,  (see  fig.  3,)  so  as 
to  allow  it  to  pass  over  stud  z. 

Claim. — So  forming  the  tumbler  with  bevelled  edges  for  the  key  to 
operate  it,  and  so  arranging  it  in  relation  to  the  bolt  and  the  stud  z,  that 
when  locked  the  bolt  is  held  firm  against  pressure  by  the  tumbler 
fitting  over  the  stud  z,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,047. — C.  Gustav  Mueller. — Improvement  in  Bank  Locks. — Pat¬ 
ented  April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  45.) 

The  bars  M  are  lifted  by  the  key  acting  on  the  lifting  pins  n.  The 
key  has  a  bit  for  each  pin  n,  and  these  bits  are  capaole  of  being  ex¬ 
tended  so  as  to  suit  the  depth  of  each  hole  in  plate  1 1.  The  key  moves 
the  horizontal  sliding  pins  j1  I  g1,  and  by  moving  plate  S  to  the  back  of 
the  lock,  (see  fig.  2,)  the  ends  g1  will  be  pushed  into  the  holes  in  plate 
II,  and  the  bars  M  will  be  free  to  be  moved  back  by  the  action  of  springs 
s.  If  knob  B  is  pressed  in,  the  rod  p  presses  against  arm  /,  which 
partially  turns  shall  t ,  and  causes  lever  d  to  press  plate  r  down  into  the 
rack-teeth  in  M.  When  this  has  been  done,  (and  it  must  be  done  be¬ 
fore  the  knob  H  can  be  turned,  in  order  to  throw  back  the  bolt,)  the 
bars  M  and  i  (which  latter  serve  to  keep  the  apertures  constantly 
closed  through  which  the  pins  n  play)  are  rendered  immovable,  and  can¬ 
not  therefore  be  made  to  produce  any  friction  on  the  inner  side  of  the  lock 
as  long  as  they  are  thus  held  by  the  plate  r;  and  as  the  horizontal  slides Jlr 
which  have  to  be  forced  into  the  holes  in  bars  M,  are  a  short  distance 
from  the  surface  of  the  bars  M,  before  knob  H  is  turned,  it  follows 
that  these  slides  cannot  be  pushed  against  the  bars  M  before  they  have 
been  fastened  by  plate  r,  thus  obviating  any  friction  between  the  bars 
and  slides,  and  thereby  preventing  the  possibility  of  picking  the  locks. 

A  more  detailed  description  would  occupy  too  much  space. 

Claim. — First,  a  key  provided  with  extension  bits,  the  individual 
length  of  each  of  which  can  be  altered  at  pleasure,  and  still  be  appli¬ 
cable  to  the  lock  as  described. 

I  also  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  plates  M  and  slides  f  for  pre¬ 
venting  any  friction,  and  so  as  to  prevent  the  possibility  of  feeling  how 
the  plates  or  slides  are  connected,  as  set  forth. 

I  also  claim  the  bars  M,  having  saw-toothed  racks,  as  arranged 
with  the  sliding  bars  i  and  the  projecting  pins  m ,  for  operating  them 
from  the  outside  of  the  lock,  as  described. 

I  also  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  horizontal  changeable  sliding 
pins,  which  are  moved  by  the  bars  M,  the  rack-  toothed  wheels  or  seg¬ 
ments,  and  the  forked  lever  U,  which  is  moved  by  the  projection  on 
the  circular  plate  W,  as  set  forth. 

I  also  claim  as  arranged,  the  bars  M,  and  the  stationary  plate  H  for 
holding  the  pins  when  they  are  withdrawn  from  said  bars,  as  des¬ 
cribed. 

I  also  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  knob,  the  collar  R,  with  its 
bent  arm  T,  and  the  circular  plate  W,  for  turning  and  holding  said 
plate,  substantially  as  described. 


324 


II. - METALLURGY. 


I  also  claim,  as  arranged,  the  rod  p  of  the  inner  knob  B,  the  lever 
shaft  t ,  lever  d,  plate  r,  and  its  spring  g  for  connecting  said  knob  with  . 
the  bars  M,  and  operating  them,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,784 — John  Schneider. — Alarm  Attachment  for  Door  Lodes . — 

Patented  May  1,  1855.  (Plate,  p.  45.) 

The  hammer  C  has  near  its  inner  end  a  semi-circular  plate  b,  and  turns 
on  a  pivot  c;  the  end  d  of  the  hammer  rests  against  a  spring  D.  A  tumbler 
E  has  a  projection  h  fitting  in  the  keyhole  G,  and  also  a  pin  f  passing 
through  the  ether  side  of  the  casing  A.  A  spring  g  serves  to  press  the 
tumbler  towards  the  keyhole.  In  this  position  of  the  tumbler  its  tooth 
€  fits  into  a  corresponding  notch  in  the  plate  h. 

A  burglar,  in  tampering  with  the  lock,  would  move  the  projection  h; 
consequently  the  tumbler  and  tooth  and  the  hammer  would  fall,  and  ex¬ 
plode  the  charge  of  powder  in  barrel  B.  The  knob  F  on  pin  f  may 
have  a  string  attached  to  it,  which  may  also  be  attached  to  the  casing 
of  the  door,  so  that  the  opening  of  the  door  would  draw  out  the  pin, 
and  with  it  the  tumbler,  and  cause  the  hammer  to  fall. 

Claim  — The  employment  or  use  of  the  barrel  B,  hammer  C,  with 
plate  b  attached,  spring  B,  and  tumbler  E,  when  arranged  as  herein 
shown  and  for  the  purpose  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,9-32. — Linus  Tale. — Improvement  in  Bank  Locks. — Patented 

May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  45.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claims 
-  and  engravings. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  separately  the  rods  e  el  working 
In  holes  in  the  bolt  B,  and  a  sliding  frame  C ;  for  that  is  an  extremely 
old  fastening,  and  used  in  locks  many  years  since. 

But  I  do  claim  the  sliding  frame  C  and  plate  D,  in  combination  with 
the  rods  eel,  when  constructed  and  arranged  as  herein  shown,  so  that 
the  plate  D  will,  during  the  operation  of  unlocking  the  lock,  cover  the 
opening  or  keyhole  E1  in  the  casing  before  the  bolt  can  be  thrown 
back,  thereby  preventing  the  lock  from  being  picked,  or  impressions 
taken  to  form  a  key. 

Also,  unlocking  the  lock  by  means  of  a  segment  key  F,  which  is 
placed  within  a  corresponding  shaped  recess  g  in  the  plate  D,  bypass¬ 
ing  said  key  through  the  opening  or  keyhole  E1,  and  moved  with  said 
plate  ;  so  that  when  the  bolt  B  is  thrown  back  the  recess  g  and  key  F 
will  be  in  line  with  or  opposite  to  the  opening  k  in  the  knob  E,  thereby 
allowing  the  key  to  pass  out  of  the  recess  g  through  said  opening  k  into 
the  hand,  as  herein  shown  and  described. 


No.  12,957. — Wm.  Maurer. — Improvement  in  Door  Locks.— Patent¬ 
ed  May  29,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  46.) 

When  the  lock  is  in  a  locked  state  (see  fig.  1)  the  pawl  D  projects 
within  the  slot  d,  in  the  casing  A,  and  prevents  the  band  B  from 


II. - METALLURGY. 


325 


turning  on  the  casing  A,  and  consequently  the  bolt-pin  from  being  with¬ 
drawn  or  thrown  back.  To  unlock  the  lock,  therefore,  the  pawl  D  must 
be  thrown  out  of  the  slot  d.  In  order  to  effect  this,  the  key  is  placed  in 
the  keyhole  and  turned,  and  the  several  bits  of  the  key  act  against  their 
proper  notches  in  the  inner  edges  of  the  plates  G,  and  the  plates  G  are 
turned,  and  also  the  segment  tumblers  J,  in  consequence  of  the  pins  ji  act¬ 
ing  against  them,  and  the  slots  i  are  brought  in  line,  and  the  spring-plate 
c  forces  the  pawl  D  into  the  slots  i,  and  freed  from  the  slot  in  the  band  B, 
the  bolt  (which  is  attached  to  the  projection  C  on  band  B,  and  is  not 
shown  in  the  figures)  can  then  be  thrown  back  as  the  band  is  allowed 
to  turn  on  the  casing  A.  To  lock  the  lock,  the  bolt  is  thrown  forward 
by  the  usual  knob,  and  the  key  is  inserted  in  the  keyhole  just  far 
enough  to  turn  the  plate  K.  This  plate  is  turned  from  left  to  right,  and 
the  shoulder  k  turns  the  segment  bar  L,  both  bars  L  being  moved  in 
consequence  of  their  connexion,  and  the  inclined  recesses  l  throw  the 
pawl  D  back  into  the  slot  in  the  band  B.  The  bar  m,  which  connects 
the  two  segment  bars,  throws  the  segment  tumblers  back  to  their  origi¬ 
nal  positions,  and  the  spring  catch  H  keeps  the  plates  G  in  proper 
position  when  the  key  is  withdrawn  from  the  lock. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  notched  annular  plates  G,  segment 
tumblers  J,  spring  pawl  D  and  band  B  on  the  casing  A  of  the  lock, 
and  segment  bars  L  L,  as  shown  for  the  purpose  of  connectingand  dis¬ 
connecting  the  band  B  from  the  casing  A,  and  allowing  the  bolt  of  the 
lock  to  be  operated  and  secured  as  described. 


No.  13,037. — John  C.  Kline. — Improvement  in  Door  Locks. — Patented 

June  12,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  46.) 

By  turning  the  key  n ,  tumbler  C  turns  on  its  pin  h,  whereb}7-  nose  gl 
operates  on  the  oblique  face  tl  of  the  bolt  B,  and  forces  the  same  for¬ 
ward,  until  the  tumbler  has  acquired  the  position  shown  in  fig.  2,  when 
the  nose  g 1  sets  into  notch  d,  whereby  the  bolt  is  Kept  in  a  locked  state. 
The  bolt,  when  moving,  is  guided  by  the  arm  k.  During  the  operating 
of  the  nose  g1  on  the  face  d,  the  other  nose  g  of  the  tumbler  is  allowed 
to  pass  freely  in  a  slot  s  cut  out  of  the  bolt.  If  the  key  is  applied  from 
the  other  keyhole  a ,  then  the  nose  g  operates  on  the  surface  t  of  the 
tumbler,  moves  the  bolt  forward,  and  sets  finally  into  notch  d  ;  in  the 
meantime  the  nose  gl  is  allowed  to  pass  freely  in  slot  s1.  Thus  the 
noses  operate  on  the  lock-bolt  by  means  of  the  inclined  surfaces  t  d, 
and  stop  the  same  by  means  of  its  setting  into  the  notch  d. 

Claim . — The  inclined  or  oblique  faces  t  tl  and  notch  d  of  the  bolt, 
in  connexion  with  and  operated  by  said  key-tumbler,  substantially  as 
described. 


No.  13,050. — Jos.  C.  Silvy. — Improvement  in  Door  Locks. — Patented 
June  12,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  46.) 

a  a  is  the  circular  bolt  refered  to  in  the  first  part  of  the  claim.  The 
key  k  is  provided  with  a  screw  in  the  handle,  which  regulates  the 


326 


II. - METALLURGY. 


tumblers  of  the  key,  and  has  a  scale  which  serves  (after  locking)  to 
change  the  tumblers  of  the  key  by  means  of  the  screw,  so  that  the  key 
will  have  no  effect  on  the  lock  until  the  key  is  placed  back  at  same 
scale  it  was  when  locked. 

Claim. — The  circular  or  solid  circular  bolts,  one  half  in  the  lock,  and 
the  other  half  in  the  catch,  as  specified. 

2d.  The  extension  key,  to  lengthen  or  close  the  tumblers  by  means 
of  a  screw  or  slide,  together  with  a  scale  to  regulate  the  sliding-bolt  or 
bolts  in  the  lock. 


No.  13,163. — Edmund  Field. — Improvement  in  Locking  Latches  for 

Doors . — Patented  July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  46.) 

When  the  door  is  closed,  the  inclined  edge  at  the  outer  end  of  the 
catch  strikes  against  the  lower  edge  of  the  slot  in  the  bar  G,  and  the 
catch  passes  through  the  slot  and  is  forced  down  over  the  lower  edge 
of  said  slot  by  the  spring  D,  which  acts  both  upon  the  bolt  and  catch. 
The  key  is  then  inserted  in  the  keyhole  and  turned,  and  the  guard 
tumbler  C  is  first  raised,  so  that  the  projection  c  will  be  raised  from  pin 
d ,  attached  to  the  bolt.  The  key  then  throws  the  outer  end  of  the  bolt 
through  the  slot  in  bar  G,  and  the  catch  is  thereby  prevented  from 
being  raised  until  the  bar  is  thrown  back. 

The  inventor  says :  I  claim  nothing  new  in  the  locking  bolt  or  catch, 
separately  considered,  nor  yet  in  merely  combining  them  so  that  the 
locking-bolt  is  arranged  to  shoot  into  and  lock  the  catch. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement,  as  substantially  shown  and  described, 
of  the  locking-bolt  B  with  F,  when  these  parts  are  hung  and  operate 
together,  essentially  as  set  forth,  and  so  that  the  locking-bolt  with  its 
tumbler-guards  and  other  appurtenance  or  appurtenances,  when  not 
used  to  lock  the  door,  are  set  in  motion  by  the  catch  each  time  it  is 
operated,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,722. — Richard  G.  Holmes  and  Wm.  FI.  Butler. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Lochs. — Patented  October  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  46.) 

In  order  to  unlock  the  lock  at  the  outer  side  of  the  door,  the  inner 
end  of  lever  C  is  operated  by  pressing  the  sliding  plate  J  against  it ; 
and  in  order  to  do  this,  the  sector  tumblers  K  must  all  be  turned  upon 
their  axis  h  till  the  slots  l  in  the  several  tumblers  are  brought  in  line 
with  each  other,  and  directly  opposite  the  plate  K1,  so  that  the  tumblers 
and  plate  may  be  shoved  inwards,  the  plate  fitting  in  the  slots.  This  is 
done  by  a  key  N  having  bits  of  proper  lengths. 

The  spring  L,  when  the  plate  J  and  the  tumblers  are  shoved  inwards, 
will  be  pressed  against  the  side  of  the  tumbler  adjoining  it,  and  will 
cause  the  several  tumblers  to  be  pressed  together  and  bear  against  each 
other,  so  that  one  cannot  be  moved  on  its  axis  h  separately.  By  this 
means  a  burglar  is  prevented  from  operating  single  tumblers. 

The  dotted  lines  in  fig.  1  represent  the  position  of  bolt  B  after  the 
door  has  been  opened. 

Claim. — First.  Arranging  the  spindle  or  arbor  E  in  such  a  relation 


II. - METALLURGY. 


327 


with  the  bolt,  that  the  bolt  may  be  operated  by  drawing  and  pressing 
the  spindle  or  arbor  in  a  direction  transversely  with  the  casing  of  the 
lock,  substantially  as  described. 

Second.  The  cylindrical  bolt  B  constructed  and  arranged  substan¬ 
tially  as  shown ;  and  also,  connecting  said  bolt  to  the  spindle  or  arbor 
E  by  means  of  the  lever  C,  as  described. 

Third.  The  employment  or  use  of  the  sector  tumblers  K  when  at¬ 
tached  to  a  sliding  plate  J,  and  used  in  connexion  with  a  spring  L, 
which  is  acted  upon  by  the  bended  or  inclined  projection  n  at  the  side 
of  the  bar  or  casing  I,  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  the  lock  from  being 
picked  by  obtaining  a  knowledge  of  the  position  of  the  slots  l  in  the 
tumblers  by  pressing  the  tumblers  singly  against  the  plate  K1,  as 
described. 


/ 

No.  13,753. — D.  W.  G.  Humphrey. — Improvement  in  Locks. — Patented 

November  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  47.) 

This  lock  will  indicate  the  number  of  times  it  has  been  opened  after 
having  been  set;  and  if  operated  upon  with  a  false  key,  it  will  entrap 
the  key  and  sound  an  alarm. 

The  indicator  A.  turns  on  a  pivot  i,  and  is  moved  forward  one  number 
at  each  unlocking  or  opening  by  the  sliding  of  bolt  C,  which  drives  for¬ 
ward  the  lever  D,  which  turns  on  pivot  X,  and  operates  the  indicator 
at  the  point  n.  The  bolt  C  is  connected  with  lever  D  at  the  point  z, 
by  means  of  pin  through  lever,  which  rests  in  slot  in  bolt  at  said  point 
of  connexion  z.  The  indicator  A  is  held  forward  as  driven  by  lever 
D,  by  means  of  catch  F,  which  turns  on  pivot  k,  and  is  forced  against 
indicator  by  coil  spring  around  pivot  k.  In  the  locking,  the  lever  D  is 
forced  back  with  the  bolt  C  bending  in  joint  of  lever  at  the  point  D  to 
pass  under  teeth  of  indicator,  and  then  is  straightened  back  by  spring 
u.  The  indicator  is  driven  around  until  the  long  space  between  the 
teeth  rests  at  the  point  n ,  when  the  bolt  C  can  slide  back  and  forth  any 
number  of  times  without  effecting  any  further  change  in  the  position  of 
the  indicator  until  it  is  regulated.  H  is  a  stump  against  which  the 
long  tooth  r  of  indicator  rests  when  it  (the  indicator)  is  regulated.  The 
slide  G  is  connected  with  the  lever  T  (fig.  1)  at  the  point  d ,  which  lever, 
being  raised  at  the  point  y  and  turning  on  screw  at  point  c,  depresses 
the  slide  G,  (fig.  2,)  which  slide  depresses  arm  of  catch  F,  forcing  the 
catch  back  clear  from  teeth  of  indicator,  and  the  indicator  is  forced 
back  to  its  starting  point  by  means  of  coil  spring  within  it  at  R,  when 
the  long  tooth  r  rests  upon  the  stump  H.  The  indicators,  for  any  number 
of  boxes  in  one  body,  are  connected  by  their  levers  T  (fig.  1)  at  the 
points  y  vertically  by  rods  or  wires,  and  horizontally  by  having  these 
rods  or  wires  connected  to  a  shaft,  which,  being  turned  to  depress  the 
levers  at  point  y,  and  then  turned  back  to  raise  the  levers  to  their  rest¬ 
ing  place,  all  are  regulated  in  a  moment’s  time. 

N  (fig.  2)  is  a  pivot  on  which  the  key  turns  to  slide  the  bolt  C.  The 
catch  M  is  raised  from  notch  of  the  bolt  C  by  slide  L  under  said  catch 
by  turning  the  key.  B  is  a  circular  movable  ward-plate  which  may 
turn  on  pivot  N,  its  centre,  when  the  key  is  not  fitted  to  the  construc¬ 
tion  of  the  wards  g,  which  are  placed  on  either  side  of  the  entrance  of 


328 


II. - METALLURGY. 


the  key.  The  ward-plate  is  prevented  from  turning  too  easily  by  the 
lever  E,  one  end  of  which  rests  in  the  rounding  notch  of  plate  at  S, 
and  is  pressed  into  the  notch  by  the  coil  sprmg  around  pivot  at  the 
point  V  on  which  the  lever  turns.  The  other  end  of  lever  E  protrudes 
through  the  aperture  at  a  (fig.  1)  on  inside  of  door.  The  key  enters 
between  the  wards  g ;  and  if  it  is  not  fitted  to  the  wards,  the  ward-plate 
easily  turns,  and  the  end  of  lever  E  catches  into  the  notches  t  on  the 
under  side  of  plate  and  prevent  its  being  turned  back ;  consequently, 
the  key  cannot  be  turned  back  or  withdrawn  until  the  ward-plate  B  is 
released  by  raising  the  end  of  lever  at  a,  on  inside  of  door  (fig.  1). 
When  the  ward- plate  is  turned  by  any  key  not  fitted  to  the  wards,  the 
projections  on  either  side  of  the  plate  turn  into  the  notches  in  the  bolt 
C  at  the  points  P,  thus  barring  the  bolt  against  being  moved  until  the 
plate  is  released,  as  before  described. 

The  end  of  the  lever  E  (fig.  2)  at  the  aperture  a,  (fig.  1,)  when  the 
door  of  box  is  closed,  shuts  into  a  notch  connected  to  a  vertical  wire 
running  through  tier  of  boxes  at  the  point  J.  This  wire  is  connected 
to  an  alarm,  and  is  operated,  when  a  key  is  entrapped  in  the  lock,  by 
the  vibration  of  the  end  of  lever  E  at  the  point  a  resting  in  the  notch 
of  wire  at  J. 

Claim . — The  indicator  A,  movable  ward-plate  B,  and  lever  E, 
arranged  and  operating  in  the  manner  set  forth. 


No.  13,814. — J.  Henry  A.  Bleckmann. — Improvement  in  Locks. — Pat¬ 
ented  November  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  47.) 

The  tumblers  are  pivoted  at  L ;  the  key  is  introduced  at  I;  the  bits 
s  and  T,  which  are  secured  to  the  square  portion  q  of  the  key  by  means 
of  a  nut  V  at  the  end  of  said  portion,  act,  the  former  upon  the  faces 
l  of  the  tumblers,  and  the  latter  (T)  upon  the  edges  x  or  y  of  the  bolt 
B.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  bits  s  can  be  attached  to  the  key  in  any 
desired  order;  they  are  of  such  lengths  that  when  brought  to  bear  upon 
the  tumblers  at  l,  the  latter  shall  be  elevated  so  as  to  bring  one  or  other 
of  the  channels  r  opposite  to  the  pinp.  When  in  1  his  position  the  bit 
T,  striking  against  the  bolt  at  y ,  shoots  it  forward,  the  pinp  passing  into 
one  or  other  of  the  notches  w,  according  as  the  tumblers  are  more  or  less 
raised  by  their  bits.  As  the  key  passes  round,  the  tumblers  fall  upon 
the  pin,  and  the  bolt  cannot  be  again  returned  until  each  tumbler  is 
raised  a  sufficient  distance  to  permit  the  pin  to  return  through  the 
channels  r ;  this  can  only  be  effected  by  the  use  of  the  same  combina 
tion  of  bils  as  was  employed  to  shoot  the  bolt. 

Claim. — The  mode  of  constructing  and  arranging  one  or  a  number 
of  tumblers,  as  described,  which  may  be  locked  and  opened  with 
changeable  key-bits,  as  set  forth. 

-  / 

No.  13,880. — Edward  Kershaw. — Improvement  in  Locks. — Patented 
December  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  47.) 

B  is  the  bolt,  in  the  form  of  a  disc,  working  within  a  recess  formed 
n  the  lock  case  A ;  a  portion  of  the  disc  is  removed,  to  coincide  with 


II. — METALLURGY. 


329 


the  straight  edge  of  the  lock-case  when  unlocked.  The  semi-circular 
tumblers  C  C  are  placed  upon  each  side  of  the  flat  part  or  plate  b;  and 
the  tumblers,  together  with  the  plate  b ,  form  a  cylindrical  figure,  which 
fills  the  cylindrical  cavity  in  the  lock-case.  The  bits  e  e  of  the  key  E 
closely  embrace  the  plate  b,  thus  engaging  the  disc.  Upon  the  tumblers 
C  are  small  stumps  c,  each  of  which  works  in  a  corresponding  slot  a 
in  the  cylindrical  part  of  the  lock-case.  These  slots  run  in  a  direction 
parallel  to  the  axis,  to  permit  a  corresponding  motion  of  the  tumblers 
as  they  are  thrown  back  and  forth  by  the  key  E  and  springs  D.  In 
any  desired  part  of  slot  a  another  slot  a1  is  cut,  at  a  right  angle  to  the 
first,  which  forms  a  throat,  into  which  the  projection  c  of  the  tumbler 
passes  when  the  disc  B  is  rotated  to  unlock.  These  throats  are  cut  in 
a  position  to  correspond  to  the  length  of  the  bits  of  the  key. 

Figure  3  represents  a  vertical  section  ;  and  figure  4,  a  top  view. 

Figure  1  represents  the  bolt  when  locked. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  locks  have  been  heretofore 
made  with  the  bolt  in  the  form  of  a  disc,  and  rotating  about  a  centre ; 
and  also  that  tumblers  have  been  used  in  connexion  with  such  lock- 
bolt,  which  had  a  movement  with  the  bolt,  and  parallel  to  its  axis,  and 
were  placed  in  position  by  pushing  in  the  key  ;  therefore,  I  do  not  claim 
either  of  these. 

But,  in  connexion  with  a  rotating  lock-bolt,  or  its  equivalent,  I  claim 
the  combination  of  the  shank  b  and  segmental  tumblers  c  c  with  the 
tubular  recess  of  the  lock-case  enclosing  the  same,  with  their  several 
subordinate  appendages,  co-operating  with  each  other  substantially  as 
described. 


No.  13,884. — J.  H.  Pomeroy. — Improvement  in  hocks. — Patented  De¬ 
cember  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  47.) 

The  additional  bolt  M,  which  is  pressed  forward  by  a  spiral-spring 
N,  holds  the  fastening  bolt  G  of  the  lock  within  the  case,  or  in  the  posi¬ 
tion  in  which  they  are  placed  to  unfasten  the  door,  while  the  door  is 
open.  When  the  door  is  closed,  the  end  of  the  bolt  M  is  forced  in  by 
the  frame  of  the  door,  so  as  to  release  the  bolt  G,  which  is  forced  out 
by  the  spring  K,  so  as  to  fasten  the  door.  But  whenever  the  bolt  G 
is  drawn  back,  and  the  door  opened  sufficient  to  allow  the  bolt  M  to 
project  through  the  front  plate,  it  is  forced  out  so  as  to  hold  the  bolt  G 
in  the  case,  until  the  door  is  closed  again. 

I  claim ,  on  spring  locks  or  latches,  the  use  of  the  spring-bolt  or  catch 
M  N,  or  its  equivalent,  so  constructed  as  to  be  operated  by  the  door¬ 
frame  or  keeper  to  release  the  bolt  and  fasten  the  door  in  the  manner 
substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,911. — Henry  C.  Jones. — Improvement  in  hocks  for  Freight  Cars . — 
Patented  December  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  47.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

Claim. — Combining  with  the  double  jaw  spring  bolts  of  a  lock,  and 


330 


II. - METALLURGY. 


with  the  levers  by  which  the  jaws  are  opened  by  the  action  of  the  key, 
as  specified,  a  ston-tumbler,  substantially  such  as  described,  operated 
by  the  key,  after  the  jaw  bolts  have  been  opened,  to  hold  and  keep 
them  apart  after  the  key  is  taken  out  of  the  lock,  that  the  lock  may  be 
employed  as  a  stop  or  dead  bolt  lock,  as  specified. 


No.  13,968. — Thomas  Bowles,  assignor  to  Robert  M.  Patrick. — 

Improvement  in  Locks. — Patented  December  18, 1855.  (Plates,  p.  47.) 

Figure  1  represents  the  parts  when  locked. 

Figure  3,  when  unlocked. 

To  unlock,  the  operation  is  as  follows  :  The  key  being  inserted,  each 
of  the  key -bits  strikes  upon  the  end  x  of  the  link  c  and  d,  except  the 
one  marked  y,  which  does  not  at  first  come  into  play.  The  key,  thrust 
in,  pushes  back  those  links  more  or  less  according  to  the  form  of  the 
same,  and  so  as  to  bring  the  several  cuts  a 1  bl  into  line.  The  point  y 
will  then  have  gone  under  the  fork  m 1  of  the  lever.  At  this  moment 
the  cuts  a 1  b1  will  be  in  line  to  receive  the  dogs  f  g,  which  are  driven 
in  by  the  force  of  their  springs.  This  moves  back  the  piece  i,  there 
being  a  slot  in  k  to  allow  the  guide-pin  to  play  without  moving  the 
latter.  The  other  projection  l  also  rises,  thus  relieving  the  tail  of  the 
lever,  which,  however,  does  not  now  follow,  as  its  other  end  m1  is  sup¬ 
ported  by  the  key  under  it.  The  bolt  can  now  be  pushed  back;  for 
this  purpose  the  key  is  withdrawn  so  far  as  is  necessary  to  remove  y 
from  under  the  fork  m1,  when  that  end  immediately  drops  as  far  as 
permitted  by  the  rise  of  the  tail,  which  is  arrested  by  ths  projection  l. 
Thrusting  the  key  in,  the  point  y  now  strikes  the  end  m1,  and  pushes 
it  along,  and,  being  attached  to  the  link  k,  the  bolt  n  is  withdrawn. 
The  movement  of  m  carries  the  other  point  of  the  fork  m 2  away  from 
the  supporting  pm  p  of  the  shutter,  which  now  drops  towards  the  key¬ 
hole,  but  is  arrested  by  striking  the  key,  the  lower  edge  resting  upon 
it,  as  shown  at  o.  On  pulling  the  key  out,  the  shutter  falls  to  t,  and 
closes  the  hole,  the  pin  p  dropping  against  m2,  ready  for  action  in  the 
next  movement  for  locking. 

The  position  t  of  the  shutter  is  represented  in  fig.  3,  in  broken  lines. 

Claim. — The  shutter  o,  so  arranged  that,  being  brought  into  action 
when  the  bolt  is  withdrawal,  it  shall  cover  the  key- hole  while  the  bolt 
is  so  withdrawn,  as  set  forth. 

Also,  the  arrangement  for  withdrawing  the  bolt  by  a  distinct  move¬ 
ment  of  the  key,  after  the  tumblers  have  been  set,  such  arrangement 
consisting  of  the  lever  m  in  combination  with  the  link  k  and  the  bolt  n, 
as  described. 


No.  12,708. — J.  M.  Stone,  assignor  to  the  Manchester  Locomotive 
W  orks. — Improvement  in  Lathes  for  Turning  Locomotive  Drivers. — Pat¬ 
ented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  48.) 

The  object  of  this  arrangement  is  to  dispense  with  laying  out  the 
points  by  hand  where  the  holes  for  the  wrist-pins  are  to  be  bored. 
These  holes  are  required  to  be  exactly  equi-distant  from  the  centre  of 


II. - METALLURGY. 


331 


the  wheel,  and  to  form  in  relation  to  this  centre  an  exact  angle  of  90°. 
The  face-plate,  upon  which  the  wheel  is  turned  off,  is  mortised,  and 
drill  D  passed  through.  Another  drill  D1,  for  the  purpose  of  boring  one 
of  the  wheels,  is  mortised  through  the  foot-stock  to  bore  the  opposite 
wheel.  The  axes  of  these  drills  are  parallel  to  the  axes  of  the  lathe, 
the  one  vertically  beneath  it,  and  the  other  in  a  horizontal  plane  pass¬ 
ing  through  it.  The  drills  are  made  adjustable,  so  as  to  accorrm  odate 
them  to  different  lengths  of  stroke.  Thus  the  two  wheels  may  be  bored 
with  the  required  exactness  without  laying  out  the  points  by  hand,  and 
without  removing  the  wheels  from  the  centres  upon  which  they  have 
been  turned, 

Claim. — The  drill  D  D1,  in  combination  with  the  turning  lathe,  the 
one  being  mortised  through  the  face-plate,  the  other  through  the 
foot-stock,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  substantially  as  herein  set 
forth. 


No.  12,117. — Norman  Aylsworth. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  Bor¬ 
ing,  Flaning ,  and  Slotting  Metals. — Patented  January  2, 1855.  (Plates , 

p.  4S.) 

Cross-head  K  K  can  be  moved  up  or  down  and  fastened  by  screws 
X  on  two  columns  D.  Hand-wheel  and  screw  N  serve  to  move  the 
carrier  L  of  the  turning  tool  along  the  cross-head  K  K;  and  hand-wheel 
and  screw  O  raise  or  lower  said  tool  carrier.  A  feather  or  mandrel  Q 
and  a  groove  within  hub  F  allow  aid  mandrel  to  be  worked  up  and 
down  by  means  of  nut  S  and  worm-gear  T  U.  V  is  the  rimmer,  firmly 
fixed  to  the  tool-stock  R  R,  which  itself  is  firmly  fixed  in  the  centre  of 
mandrel  Q.  Pinion  Z  on  driving-shaft  Y  revolves  table  I;  pinion  h 
serves  to  work  nut  S,  and  thereby  to  raise  or  lower  mandrel  Q  in  case 
the  worm-gear  T  U  is  thrown  out  of  gear.  The  operation  is  as  follows  : 
The  wheel  to  be  bored,  etc.,  js  fastened  on  table  I ;  the  tool-stock  is 
passed  down  through  the  hub  of  the  wheel,  so  that  the  lower  end  of  the 
tool-stock  enters  the  upper  end  of  the  spindle  H.  The  table  being 
then  revolved,  and  the  worm-gear  being  operated  upon,  mandrel  Q 
moves  down,  and  with  it  stock  R  and  cutter  V,  thereby  boring  the  wheel. 
By  means  of  hand-wheel  O  the  tool  P  is  moved  down,  turning  off’  the 
hub  of  the  wheel;  hand-wheel  N  at  the  same  time  imparting  the  proper 
horizontal  motion  to  P. 

In  order  to  cut  a  key- seat,  or  slot,  the  motion  of  the  table  I  is  stopped, 
the  worm  is  thrown  out  of  gear,  a  tool-stock,  with  a  proper  cutter,  inserted 
into  the  mandrel  in  place  of  tool-stock  tl ;  pinion  h  is  then  properly  revolv¬ 
ed,  thereby  revolving  nut  S,  and  removing  the  tool- stock  up  or  down, 
by  which  operation  the  key-seat  is  cut  through  the  hub  of  the  wheel. 

Claim. — The  so  arranging  of  the  several  parts  of  a  machine  for 
turning,  boring,  and  cutting  key-seats  in  car-wheels,  cranks,  and  other 
machinery,  as  that  the  three  several  operations  may  be  completed  from 
the  same  centres,  without  unchucking  said  piece  of  machinery,  by  which 
means  more  perfect  work  can  be  done  than  when  the  piece  is  removed 
or  rechucked  for  two  or  more  successive  operations,  the  whole  being 
achieved  in  the  manner  set  forth. 


332 


II. - METALLURGY. 


No.  12,228. — Wm.  Beasley,  assignor  to  Jas.  Brett,  Jno.  Watkins 
Brett,  Chas.  Wm.  T upper,  and  Wm.  Beasley. — Improvement  in 
Manufacturing  Metal  Tubes . — Patented  January  9,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  48.) 

/  represents  in  the  engravings  the  strip  coiled  around  mandrel  d , 
which  is  welded  to  a  tube  by  passing  it  through  the  rollers  h  i  i. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  subjecting  metal  tubes  to  cross¬ 
rolling,  as  that  has  been  done  before. 

But  I  do  claim  the  forming  of  a  metallic  tube,  by  winding  a  strip  of 
metal  spirally  on  a  mandrel,  and  welding  it  by  cross-rolling,  substan¬ 
tially  as  described. 


No.  12,268. — Solomon  G.  Booth. — Improvement  in  Rollers  for  Corru¬ 
gating  Sheet  Metal. — Patented  January  23,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  48.) 

The  rollers  consist  of  single  plates  c  cl  c2,  &c.  The  width  of  the 
rollers,  and  consequently  the  curvature  of  their  faces,  may  be  changed 
by  the  insertion  of  additional  plates,  or  the  removal  of  some  of  those 
already  on  the  roller-shafts. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  making  the  rollers  of  adjustable 
sections,  for  the  purpose  of  repeating  bending  operations  upon  a  piece 
of  sheet  metal ;  nor  do  I  claim  making  rollers  of  two  or  more  parts. 

But  I  claim  making  the  swages  and  dies  for  forming  beams  of 
wrought  iron  of  numerous  thin  sections,  so  that  one,  two,  or  more  sec¬ 
tions  can  be  removed  to  produce  beams  of  different  forms,  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  saving  the  expense  and  inconvenience  of  a  multiplicity  of  pairs 
of  swages  and  dies,  all  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,503. — Alanson  Brown. — Improvements  in  Machines  for  Turning 

Boring ,  and  Slotting  Metals. — Patented  March  13,  1855.  ^Plates 

p.  49.) 

The  hub  C  (which  supports  the  lower  spindle  D  on  which  the  table 
or  face-plate  E  is  fixed)  is  not  centrally  placed  between  the  three 
columns  G  G  G,  and  a  short  column  I  is  used  at  the  front  part  of  the 
machine,  for  the  purpose  of  affording  an  unobstructed  front  for  the  in¬ 
troduction  of  large  pieces  to  be  operated  upon  on  the  table.  By  clutch¬ 
ing  or  unclutching  the  clutch  U,  the  driving-shaft  o  will  either  revolve 
the  gear-wheel  V  and  the  table,  or  it  will  remain  stationary.  By  shift¬ 
ing  the  driving-belt  T  from  the  position  represented  in  the  engraving 
to  the  loose  pulley  J1,  the  tool-bearer  or  upper  spindle  R1  will  remain 
stationary,  otherwise  it  will  be  revolved.  The  bevel- wheel  is  feathered 
on  spindle  R1,  so  that  the  spindle  may  freely  rise  and  fall  without  in¬ 
terrupting  its  rotating  motion.  Motion  can  also  be  given  to  bevel  gear 
II'  on  sleeve  V1,  which  passes  through  hub  G1,  and  may  turn  therein, 
so  that  the  spindle,  which  may  carry  a  boring  tool  on  its  lower  end,  may 
be  boring  out  the  hub  of  a  car  wheel,  crank,  or  other  piece,  whilst  the 
sleeve  outside  of  it,  but  also  rotating,  may  be  carrying  a  turning  tool 
and  be  facing  off  said  piece  at  the  same  time.  The  cross-head  6  can 


II, - METALLURGY. 


333 


be  slid  up  and  down  on  the  side  columns  G,  (by  means  of  shaft  m  and 
gearing  o  p,)  and  supports  a  sliding  tools-tock  holder  c,  which  can  be 
made  to  move  horizontally  and  approach  the  centre,  either  by  means 
of  hand-wheel  l  or  pulleys  h,  driving  shaft  g,  gearing  i  /,  and  horizontal 
screw  shaft  Jc,  working  in  a  female  screw  in  sliding  piece  c ;  e  is  the 
tool  carried  by  the  said  sliding  piece  c,  and  is  used  for  facing  off  work 
when  the  table  is  rotated. 

The  inventor  says:  I  am  aware  that  single  column  machines  for 
boring  and  drilling  small  work  have  been  used,  in  which  operative  parts 
project  forward  of  said  column;  this  I  do  not  claim,  as  the  support  is 
not  firm  enough  for  accurate  work  of  the  kind  which  my  machine  is 
desired  for. 

But  I  claim  so  arranging  the  table  on  face-plate  and  upper  spindle 
or  tool-holder  on  a  machine  for  turning,  boring,  and  cutting  key-seats, 
as  that  either  one  of  the  two  may  be  revolved  and  the  other  remain 
stationary,  as  the  character  of  the  work  may  require,  and  substantially 
in  the  manner  set  forth. 

I  also  claim  combining  with  the  upper  spindle  a  revolving  slide- 
head  carrying  a  cutter  susceptible  of  either  a  horizontal  or  vertical 
motion  or  adjustment,  as  set  forth,  f  >r  the  purpose  of  turning  off  work, 
either  inside  or  outside,  that  will  not  revolve  between  the  columns. 

I  also  claim  arranging  two,  three,  or  more  supporting  columns,  in 
rear  of  a  plane  drawn  through  the  line  of  centres  of  the  operative  parts 
of  the  machine,  for  the  purpose  of  leaving  an  unobstructed  front  for  the 
introduction  of  the  piece  to  be  dressed,  as  described. 


No.  12,712. — Marshall  Burnett  and  Charles  Vander  Woerd. — 
Improvement  in  Machines  fir  Punching  Metal. — Patented  April  17, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  49.) 

Cam  c  and  crank  F  are  so  arranged  on  their  respective  shafts,  that 
when  the  point  of  the  bar  J  is  raised  up  at  its  front  end  by  the  lever 
H,  it  shall  receive  a  similar  rising  motion  at  its  rear  end  by  the  cam  c, 
and  tnus  always  move  parallel  with  the  bed,  so  as  to  bring  the  punch 
down  square  upon  the  plate  to  be  punched. 

Claim. — So  combining  the  punching-bar  with  a  vibrating  lever  at 
one  end  and  a  cam  at  the  other  end  of  it,  as  that  it  shall  always  rise 
and  fall  in  a  plane  parallel  to  the  bed  of  the  machine,  substantially  as 
described. 


No.  12,723. — De  Grasse  Fowler  and  George  Fowler. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Machines  for  Punching  Metal. — Patented  April  17,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  49.) 

Power  being  applied  to  crank  H,  (which  is  fast  on  the  socket  q, 
which  latter  is  loose  on  shaft  B,)  it  will  revolve  socket  q,  and  with  it 
the  fly-wheel  G  round  shaft  B,  as  the  socket  q  is  fast  to  the  hub  of  the 
fly-wheel.  The  shaft  B  will  not  revolve,  and  the  punch  d  will  remain 
stationary  in  its  highest  position,  until  the  operator  depresses  the  end  I 
of  lever  n  n.  Then  the  lever  n  n ,  which  has  its  fulcrum  in  s ,  will  move 


334 


II. - METALLURGY. 


the  sliding  clutch  r  towards  the  hub  of  the  fly-wheel,  the  clutch  will 
push  the  sliding  pin  p  through  the  hub  of  the  fly-wheel,  so  that  the  pin 
will  strike  against  the  projection  o  on  the  collar  F,  which  latter  is  fast 
on  shaft  B.  I  he  collar,  and  with  it  the  shaft  13,  will  now  be  revolved, 
and  the  punch  will  descend  by  means  of  eccentric  C.  When  the  end 
1  of  lever  n  n  is  depressed,  the  lower  end  of  lever  K,  which  has  its 
fulcrum  in  Z,  will  be  drawn  over  and  upon  lever  n  n  by  means  of  spring 
m,  as  seen  in  figure  2,  and  thus  keep  the  machine  in  gear  until  the 
punch  has  operated  upon  the  material,  and  has  been  again  elevated  to 
its  highest  position,  when  the  stud  i  projecting  from  collar  F  will  strike 
the  upper  end  of  lever  K,  and  force  its  lower  end  off  the  lever  n  n,  and 
the  spring  K  will  draw  up  the  end  I  of  lever  n  n ,  thereby  forcing 
back  the  clutch  r  to  its  original  position,  shown  in  figure  3  ;  when  the 
sliding  pin  p  will  not  reach  projection  o,  and  the  machine  will  be  out 
of  gear,  the  punch  resting  at  its  highest  elevation,  and  the  lower  end  of 
the  lever  K  resting  against  the  side  of  lever  n  n.  Figure  1  is  part  of  a 
view  looking  from  the  punch  towards  the  fly-wheel;  figure  2,  part  of  a 
rear  view ;  and  figure  3,  a  central  longitudinal  section. 

Claim. — The  peculiar  manner  of  connecting  the  operation  of  the  two 
levers  (n  n  and  K)  to  throw  the  machine  out  of  gear  at  the  time  when 
the  punch  is  at  its  greatest  elevation,  when  constructed,  arranged,  and 
made  to  operate  substantially  in  the  manner  herein  described*. 


No.  12,739.— Martin  R.  Griswold. — Improved  arrangement  of  Rollers 
for  making  Metal  Tubes. — Patented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  49.) 

The  two  rollers  B  B  have  a  tapering  serrated  contour,  (figure  4,)  the 
rollers  increasing  m  diameter  to  conform  to  the  decreasing  diameter  of 
the  material  while  being  wrought.  Each  roller  has  its  bearings  in  a 
case  A  A,  one  above  the  other.  The  axes  of  both  the  rollers  form  an 
angle  with  each  other.  The  tube  J  to  be  wrought  is  in  contact  with 
the  rollers  at  the  point  which  lies  in  the  intersection  of  two  vertical 
planes  drawn  through  both  the  axes.  The  rollers  being  revolved,  (see 
arrows  in  figure,)  the  tube  (being  at  an  equal  angle  from  each  roller) 
is  revolved  in  an  opposite  direction ;  and  in  being  drawn  through,  a  spiral 
indentation  is  formed  on  its  surface,  at  the  same  time  elongating  the 
tube.  Rollers  with  smooth  faces  are  then  employed  to  finish  the 
article.  The  cases  A  A,  resting  on  central  pivots,  can  be  so  turned  as 
to  form  any  desired  angle  between  the  axes  of  the  rollers,  and  then 
they  are  secured  to  the  frame.  Between  the  rollers,  and  secured  to 
the  frame,  is  the  guide-plate,  (figure  3,)  having  an  opening  in  its  centre 
sufficient  to  admit  the  lower  roller  B  to  project  through  and  above 
said  guide-plate.  The  two  slides  c  c,  which  carry  guide  rollers  D  D, 
can  be  adjusted  on  the  guide-plate  by  screws  and  nuts  at  their  outer 
ends.  Two  pairs  of  arms  v  v  projecting  from  the  guide- plate  serve  to 
guide  and  keep  the  material  in  its  proper  place  between  the  rollers  B  B. 
The  upper  roller  B  can  be  set  nearer  or  farther  off  the  lower  roller  B, 
by  means  of  set-screws  E  E  acting  against  the  sliding  journal-boxes  of 
said  upper  roller,  thereby  allowing  tubes  of  any  diameter  to  be  wrought 
with  one  pair  of  rollers.  The  driving  pulley  G  transmits  motion  (by 


II. — METALLURGY. 


335 


means  of  universal  joint  I)  to  pulley  H,  and  from  this  to  the  upper 
roller-shaft  by  means  of  a  gear-chain.  Another  gear- chain,  on  the  rear 
side  of  the  machine,  transfers  the  motion  of  pulley  G  to  a  pulley  below, 
which,  by  means  of  universal  joint  L  and  pulley  K  and  chain  imparts 
motion  to  the  lower  roller- shaft. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  adjustable  smooth  or  serrated 
rollers,  whose  axes  cross  each  other,  as  herein  set  forth,  with  the  guide- 
plate  and  slides,  and  guide  rollers,  for  making  seamless  metal  tubes,  as 
described. 


No.  12,767. — James  H.  Thompson. — Improvement  in  Machines  for 

Planing  Metal. — Patented  April  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  50  ) 

The  nuts  o,  or  the  bar  to  be  planed,  are  placed  upon  a  mandrel  E, 
as  seen  in  figures  1  and  3.  The  mandrel  platform  D  is  then  adjusted 
by  means  of  a  set-screw  and  vertical  slot  (not  shown  in  the  figures). 
The  clutch  U  being  moved  towards  driving-pulley  O,  shaft  N  revolves 
and  rotates  the  disc  C,  by  means  of  gearing  M  L  J  I,  and  as  the 
cutters  c  project  gradually  further  from  the  centre  of  disc  c,  in  con¬ 
sequence  of  its  scroll-form,  (see  figure  3,)  the  cutters  will  plane  off  one 
side  of  the  nuts  o  at  one  revolution  of  the  disc,  the  sides  of  the  nuts 
being  equal  in  width  to  the  space  or  difference  between  the  longer  and 
shorter  diameter  of  the  disc.  When  the  disc  has  made  one  revolution, 
the  projection  j  strikes  against  the  upper  end  of  the  lever  H,  and 
depresses  it,  and  throws  the  pin  hl  on  said  lever  out  of  the  ratchet,  and 
the  weight  h  rotates  the  drum  G,  and  consequently  the  mandrel  E  and 
nuts  o,  the  space  between  two  teeth  of  the  ratchet  thereby  presenting  a 
new  side  of  the  nuts  to  the  cutters,  and  so  on. 

As  shaft  B  rotates,  the  arm  W  strikes  against  one  of  the  radial  arms  P, 
and  moves  the  arm  a  certain  distance  at  every  revolution  of  the  shaft. 
When  the  arm  to  which  pin  K  is  attached  is  moved,  said  pin  throws 
the  lever  V  upward,  and  the  notch  l  is  raised  from  pin  m  on  sliding-bar 
R ;  the  spring  S  operates  the  sliding-bar,  and  disconnects  the  clutch  U 
from  pulley  O.  The  number  of  arms,  of  course,  correspond  to  the 
number  of  sides  of  the  nuts  or  bar. 

Claim . — 1st.  Planing  the  sides  of  nuts  of  prismatic  bars  by  means 
of  a  series  of  cutters  c  ati ached  to  the  periphery  of  a  disc  C,  of  scroll 
form,  so  that  each  cutter  will  project  a  trifle  further  from  the  centre 
or  shaft  B  of  said  disc,  and  thereby  allow  the  whole  number  of  cutters 
to  pass  over  and  plane  the  whole  surface  of  each  side  of  the  nuts  or 
bar  atone  revolution  of  the  disc,  as  herein  shown  and  described. 

2d.  The  employment  or  use  of  the  disc  C,  with  cutters  c  attached 
to  its  periphery  as  herein  shown,  in  combination  with  the  intermittingly 
rotating  mandrel  E,  for  the  purpose  as  set  forth. 

3d.  Rotating  the  mandrel  E  intermittingly  by  means  of  the  lever 
H,  projection  j  attached  to  the  disc  C,  and  the  ratchet  E,  and  drum  G 
operated  by  a  weight  h ,  or  its  equivalent.  * 

4.  Operating  the  clutch  U  by  means  of  the  radial  arms  P,  lever  Y, 
and  spring  S,  attached  to  the  sliding  bar  R;  the  arms  P  being  acted 
upon  by  the  arm  W  on  the  shaft  B,  as  herein  shown  and  described. 


336 


II. - METALLURGY. 


No.  12,799. — Jeremiah  Stever. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  Burnish¬ 
ing  Metals. — Patented  May  1,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  50.) 

The  joints  of  the  connecting  rod  I  and  the  slider  H  are  so  arranged 
that  when  the  slider  is  depressed  far  enough  on  the  rod  G  they  may 
be  brought  into  line  with  the  axis  of  the  rocker-shaft  E  ;  when  in  such 
position,  the  slide  is  sustained  upon  a  screw-nut  K  screwed  upon  rod 
G.  The  driving-shaft  D  transmits  a  rocking  motion  to  shaft  E  by 
means  of  rod  L.  The  slider  H  is  raised  or  lowered  upon  rod  G  by 
means  of  fork  M. 

By  these  means  the  burnisher  A  may  not  only  have  a  reciprocating 
motion  imparted  to  it,  but  this  motion  may  be  either  arrested  or  regulated 
while  the  rocker-shaft  is  in  motion. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  connecting  rod  I  of  the  burnishing 
slider  B,  the  rocker-shaft  E,  the  slider  H,  the  rod  G,  and  the  bow  or 
stirrup  F,  whereby  the  movement  of  the  burnisher  may  not  only  be 
entirely  arrested  while  the  rocker- shaft  is  in  motion,  but  may  have 
given  to  it  such  an  extent  of  reciprocating  movement  as  occasion  may 
require. 


No.  12,971. — Alfred  B.  Seymour. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  Heli¬ 
cally  Creasing  Sheet  Metal  Pipes— -Patented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  50.) 

This  improvement  consists  in  combining  with  the  swages  A  a  gauge- 
plate  B  and  different  sizes  of  screws  D,  (with  gauges,)  to  cause  the 
swages  to  move  nearer  to  the  gauge-plate  in  forming  the  screw.  The 
machine  can  be  set  for  as  man}7-  sizes  of  pipe  as  there  are  screws  D, 
with  their  corresponding  gauges  E.  Upon  the  top  edge  of  the  gauge- 
plate  there  is  an  indicator  F.  By  turning  thumb-screw  G,  the  gauge 
is  set  at  any  angle  required  ;  the  scale  marked  and  numbered  upon  the 
indicator  being  the  guide  for  the  operator.  When  the  gauge-plate  is 
set,  it  is  required  to  set  the  gauge  E  in  the  proper  screw  D,  the  screws 
D  being  made  fine  or  coarse,  according  to  the  size  of ;  ipe  to  be  made. 
When  both  are  set  to  correspond,  the  pipe  is  swaged  in  the  c5rdinary 
manner  of  swaging,  but  a  spiral  is  formed  by  the  swaging  rollers 
being  moved  up  towards  the  gauge-plate. 

Claim.— The  plate  B,  having  a  gauge  betwreen  the  shafts  of  the  creas¬ 
ing- rollers,  and  adjusted  by  a  set-screw,  so  that  the  proper  inclination 
may  be  given  to  the  end  ol  the  pipe. 


No.  13,046. — Orson  W.  Stow. — Improvement  in  Sheet  Metal  Folding 
Machines.— Patented  June  12,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  50.) 

A,  bed  plate;  B  B,  standards  carrying  the  head  C,  to  which  folding 
plate  D  is  secured,  and  containing  the  bearings  for  the  journals  a  ol  the 
front  folding-bar  E,  which  is  turned  in  the  usual  manner,  (by  means  of 
crank  F.)  from  position  fig.  1,  into  position  fig  3  ;  G,  back  folding- 
plate  hung  on  centres  b  b,  so  as  to  be  capable  of  swinging  upwards 
from  position  fig.  1,  into  position  fig.  3 ;  H,  adjustable  gauge  secured  to 


II. - METALLURGY. 


337 


G,  to  regulate  the  width  of  the  lap;  I,  cam  at  one  end  of  bar  E;  J, 
arms  attached  to  corresponding  end  of  back  folding-bar;  c ,  friction 
roller. 

The  plate  d  (in  fig.  3,  d1 )  is  laid  upon  the  folding-bars  under  the 
folding-plate,  and  the  crank  F  is  thrown  back,  (see  fig.  3,)  whereby  not 
only  the  front  folding-bar  is  thrown  up,  but  at  the  same  time,  by  the 
action  of  cam  I  upon  arm  J,  the  back  folding-bar  G  is  raised ;  thus, 
the  lap  is  completed  (see  d1)  at  one  operation. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  arrangement  ofthe  folding-bars  at 
right  angles,  or  thereabouts,  when  open  to  the  folding-plate,  and  effect¬ 
ing  the  fold  by  the  movement  of  both  bars  to  bend  the  edge  and  body  of 
the  plate  on  opposite  sides  of  the  stationary  folding-plate  or  former;  as 
such  an  arrangement,  under  a  separate  and  disconnected  operation  of 
the  bars,  is  old.  \ 

But  I  claim,  in  folding  machines  which  have  the  folding-bars  E  and 
G  arranged  and  operating  in  connexion  with  a  folding-plate  D,  as  de¬ 
scribed,  effecting  the  simultaneous  action  of  the  two  folding-bars,  by 
so  connecting  or  driving  them,  that  upon  operation  being  given  to 
the  one  folding-bar,  the  other  folding-bar  is  set  in  corresponding  action  or 
motion  thereby ;  whereby  the  folding-plate  D  is  relieved  from  unequal 
and  varying  strain  or  pressure  on  its  one  side  or  face,  the  two  folding- 
bars  are  necessitated  to  act  in  unison,  and  the  one  operative  lever  serves 
to  set  both  folding-bars  in  motion,  as  set  forth. 


No,  13,255. — Edwin  Ells. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  Forming  Me¬ 
tal  Tubes. — Patented  July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  51.) 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  employment  of  rollers  alone  to 
give  form  to  the  tube ;  neither  do  I  claim  bringing  the  strip  or  skelp  of 
metal,  of  which  the  tube  is  to  be  made,  to  a  form  whose  transverse  sec¬ 
tion  resembles  the  letter  TJ,  when  this  is  performed  by  separate  means 
unconnected  with  the  rollers. 

But  I  claim,  arranging  the  rotary  bur-cutter  I  between  the  pre¬ 
paratory  U-shaped  die  a  b  and  the  rollers  G  G,  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed,  whereby  the  scarfing  operation  is  performed  at  the  same  time 
as  the  forming  operation,  and  the  forming  machinery7  serves  to  hold 
and  feed  the  strip  or  skelp  in  a  suitable  manner  to  receive  the  scarfing 
operation. 


No.  13,295. — Cephas  Applebee. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  Cut¬ 
ting  Sheet  Metal. — Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  51.) 

A  piece  of  metal  is  placed  and  confined  between  the  clamps  B  B. 
This  having  been  done,  the  frame  A  is  moved  aside  until  it  is  arrested 
by  stop  I,  so  as  to  introduce  the  metal  between  the  blades  of  shears 
N  L,  when  the  upper  blade  is  forced  down  and  cuts  off  the  end  of  the 
plate.  Next,  the  frame  A  is  moved  back  so  as  to  force  the  metal  be¬ 
tween  the  rotary  cutters  D  E,  which  reduce  it  to  the  section  of  an  annu¬ 
lus.  Finally,  the  frame  is  moved  against  stop  K,  and  the  other  side  of 
the  metal  cut  off  by  the  shears  M  N. 

22 


338 


II. — METALLURGY. 


The  piece  of  metal,  when  cut  out,  is  represented  in  fig.  3. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  movable  bar  A,  its  clamps, 
and  one  or  two  sets  of  rotary  cutters,  arranged  and  operating  together, 
as  described. 

But  I  claim  the  combination  therewith  of  the  index  limb  or  arc,  the 
movable  radial  supporting  arms,  and  their  two  end  shears,  the  whole 
being  applied  together  and  used  to  operate  on  apiece  of  metal  or  other 
material,  and  reduce  it  to  the  shape  of  an  annular  section,  suitable  for 
being  bent  into  the  shape  of  a  conic  frustrum,  in  manner  and  for  the 
purpose  specified. 


No.  13,625. — Wm.  Sellers  and  James  Walker. — Improvement  in 

Moulding  Circular  and  Under-cut  Work. — Patented  October  2,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  51.) 

The  half  pattern  B  is  turned  down  into  the  sand  s  by  means  of  re¬ 
volving  the  axle  A.  When  the  sand  has  properly  packed  about  the 
pattern,  it  is  brought  slowly  out  of  the  sand  by  revolving  the  axis.  The 
other  half  of  the  mould  is  to  be  made  in  a  similar  manner.  The  casting 
will  produce  a  grooved  pulley. 

Claim. — The  method  of  moulding  circular  under-cut  work,  herein  de¬ 
scribed. 


No  13,118. — Isaac  H.  Steer,  assignor  to  Henry  Carter. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Making  Nuts. — Patented  June  19,  1855. — Antedated  Decem¬ 
ber  19,  1854.  (Plates,  p.  51.) 

The  bar  (heated  to  a  welding  heat)  is  placed  in  groove  B,  its  ex¬ 
tremity  in  contact  with  the  back  side  of  the  die.  The  upper  swage  I 
now  decends,  and  a  piece  is  cut  from  the  end  of  the  bar  by  the  action 
of  the  front  edge  i  of  swage  I  and  the  fixed  cutter  C  ;  this  piece  is 
forced  into  the  die  by  the  continuous  downward  movement  of  the 
swage,  the  middle,  or  the  portion  removed  to  form  the  eye,  resting  upon 
and  being  detained  by  the  fixed  punch  D,  while  the  rest  of  the  piece 
is  forced  down  until  a  core  is J formed  which  passes  into  the  cavity  in 
the  end  of  swage  J  and  out  at  K.  The  continuous  descent  of  I  serves 
to  compress  the  material  between  the  lower  surface  of  swage  I  and 
the  upper  surface  of  swage  E.  Lever  F1  serves  to  raise  the  swage 
E  and  expel  the  finished  nut. 

I  claim,  1st.  Making  a  nut  at  a  single  operation,  from  a  heated  bar 
or  plate  of  metal,  by  cutting  off  the  blank  from  the  bar,  punching  a 
hole  or  eye  through  it,  and  swaging  it  into  shape,  substantially  as  set 
forth. 

2d.  Punching  the  eye  of  the  nut  in  a  die  or  press-box,  by  which  it 
is  surrounded  and  firmly  supported,  and  thus  prevented  from  straining 
or  bursting  during  the  operation,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

3d.  Shaping  nuts  by  subjecting  them  while  hot  to  powerful  and  sud¬ 
den  compression  on  the  punch  and  in  the  punching-die,  substantially 
as  set  forth,  whereby  they  are  finished  with  such  a  degree  of  smooth¬ 
ness,  regularity,  and  precision,  that  in  the  condition  in  which  they 


II. — METALLURGY. 


339 


come  from  the  machine  they  are  fit  to  use  in  the  construction  of  most 
kinds  of  machinery,  and  are  at  the  same  time  sounder  and  stronger 
than  unpressed  nuts  made  by  machinery. 


No.  12,194. — -Robert  JBrayton. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  Making 

Nuts  and  Washers . — Patented  January  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  51.) 

The  head-block  F11  is  attached  to  rod  F  of  the  piston  of  steam  cylin¬ 
der  D,  and  slides  in  guides  G  G.  The  plates  IT1  H1  ease  the  action 
of  the  machine  at  the  termination  of  the  back  stroke,  as  the  head-block 
is  brought  into  contact  with  the  plates,  directly  after  the  nut  is  thrown 
out.  The  plates  H  H  ease  the  action  of  the  punch  and  dies,  and 
prevent  them  from  straining  when  brought  into  contact  in  forming  nuts 
and  washers,  and  also  gauge  the  nut  or  washer  to  any  thickness,  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  number  of  plates.  Die-block  I  is  secured  to  anvil  J 
by  the  side -keys  K  K,  by  which  it  is  readily  adjusted.  One  end  of  the 
guide-spring  L  (which  spring  is  secured  to  bed-plate  A  by  means  of 
brace  L1)  surrounds  the  upper  portion  of  the  die-block  on  three  sides, 
(see  fig.  2,)  and  is  raised  forming  a  shoulder  above  the  die-block  on 
two  sides  L2  L2,  (see  fig.  3,)  which  are  a  little  above  the  die -block ; 
thereby  it  does  not  become  heated,  as  would  be  the  case  if  the  bar 
rested  uppn  the  die-block.  By  means  of  this  guide  the  bar  is  quickly 
adjusted  m  place  for  the  dies.  The  punch  M  is  fitted  to  the  head- 
block,  and  extends  through  the  check  N  and  check- plate  N1,  so  that 
they  slide  independently  of  the  punch.  The  check  N  slides  also  in 
the  forming-box  O,  while  the  box  is  secured  in  the  ring  P.  When  the 
head-block  descends  to  position,  fig.  1,  die-block  I  passes  a  little  into 
box  O  ;  the  nut  is  thereby  cut  off  from  the  bar,  and  it  is  punched  by 
the  punch  passing  into  the  hole  of  the  die-block ;  the  nut  or  washer 
being  compressed  into  shape  in  the  chamber  of  the  forming-box.  Thus 
the  nut  is  finished  at  one  stroke  of  the  piston.  When  (during  the  as¬ 
cent  of  the  piston  and  head-block)  the  check-plate  N1  strikes  against 
the  check- bars  B1  B1,  the  nut  is  thrown  out. 

The  instantaneous  action  of  the  machine  prevents  the  tools  from 
being  injured  by  a  protracted  contact  with  the  heated  metal. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  arrangement  of  the  forming-box  O,  case  P  secured 
by  the  plate  Q  to  the  head-block  F2,  operated  by  the  piston  F  in  the 
cylinder  D,  as  described,  in  their  relation  to  the  check  N,  check-plate 
N1,  check  bars  B1  Bl,  punch  M,  and  die  I,  for  the  purposes  and  as  here¬ 
in  set  forth. 

2d.  The  metallic  plates  H  H  and  H1  H1,  as  arranged  in  the  slides  G 
G  in  relation  to  the  head-block  F2,  for  the  purposes  described. 

3d.  The  spring  gauge-bar  L,  the  same  being  to  protect  the  bed- die 
from  the  heat  of  the  blank  or  nut-bar,  and  also  to  gauge  its  feed,  as  set 
forth. 


No.  13,252. — Richard  H.  Cole  .—Improvement  in  Nut  Machines. — Pat¬ 
ented  July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  52.) 

The  bottom  j  of  the  nut-box  is  combined  with  a  hollow  holder/, 


340 


II. - METALLURGY. 


which  is  secured  within  a  recess  in  the  forward  projection  of  the  recip¬ 
rocating  plate  H,  which  latter  is  forced  forward  by  a  cam  P  on  revolv¬ 
ing  shaft  J,  and  forced  back  by  the  pressure  exerted  by  the  punch  d 
upon  bottom  j,  when  a  nut  is  formed  by  the  action  of  said  punch. 
This  pressure  against  the  bottom  of  the  nut-box  is  resisted  by  means 
of  a  crank  on  oscillating  shaft  L,  whose  wrist  L1  is  received  into  a 
rectangular  box  e1  that  works  in  a  transverse  slot  in  plate  H,  and  by 
the  weighted  lever  A,  (B  being  the  weight,)  which  lever  projects  rear¬ 
wards  from  said  shaft.  Plate  II  is  thrown  forward  by  cam  P  a  suffi¬ 
cient  distance  to  carry  the  end  of  the  bottom  j  entirely  through  the  box, 
for  the  purpose  of  enabling  it  to  discharge  the  finished  nut ;  but  the 
moment  P  ceases  to  operate  upon  H,  the  cam  wi,  on  rotating-shaft  J, 
strikes  against  friction- plate  m1,  on  the  under  side  of  shaft  L,  and  ele¬ 
vates  said  shaft ;  and  by  so  doing  causes  its  crank  L1  to  operate  plate 
H  and  draw  the  bottom  j  into  the  nut-box  a  sufficient  distance  to  re¬ 
ceive  the  blank  for  a  nut  at  the  moment  that  it  is  cut  oft  by  the  punch. 
The  mandrel  e  pierces  the  nut. 

To  adapt  the  depth  of  the  nut-box  to  different  thicknesses  of  nuts  to 
be  formed,  keys  jp 1  of  different  thickness  may  be  inserted  between  plate 
ml  and  lever  A  ;  and  to  cause  the  cam  ml  to  operate  for  exactly  the  proper 
length  of  time  upon  H,  the  said  cam  is  divided  into  two  parts,  which 
interlock  each  other  in  such  manner  that  their  bearing  face  may  be 
extended  or  contracted,  and  so  secured  by  screws  or  wedged. . 

Claim.— -Arranging  the  movable  bottom  j  of  the  nut-box  in  such  a 
manner  in  relation  to  the  movements  of  the  punch  d,  that  when  a  nut 
is  being  formed  in  the  nut-box,  its  bottom  will  be  forced  against  a 
yielding  support,  for  the  purpose  of  insuring  in  all  cases  perfectly 
shaped  nuts,  and  enabling  the  machine  to  self-adapt  itself  to  bars  o 
different  thicknesses,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,720.— -Robert  Griffiths. — Improvement  in  Nut  Machine.— 

Patented  October  30,  1856.  (Plates,  p.  52.) 

The  heated  bar  is  introduced  between  the  cutting  and  sliding  boxes 
F  and  the  stationary  boxes  a.  Cams  (not  shown  in  the  engraving) 
cause  the  boxes  F  and  the  punchers  G  to  move  forward,  passing  the 
boxes  a.  Other  cams  operate  the  table  so  as  to  move  the  lower  table 
up  and  the  upper  table  down,  and  to  compress  the  heated  bar  at  the 
time  when  the  sliding  boxes  and  punchers  pass  the  stationary  boxes, 
thereby  severing  bars  into  nuts,  and  punching  them  at  the  same  time; 
the  tables  then  open  again,  and  the  finished  nuts  descend  with  the  lower 
table,  wherefrom  they  are  removed  by  a  scraper.  By  making  the  faces 
of  the  table  n  n  grooved,  hexagonal  nuts  can  be  produced. 

Claim. — The  "tables  n  n  wftth  the  boxes  and  punchers,  whether  con¬ 
nected  together  or  not,  arranged  and  operating  as  described. 


No.  12,191. — -Arnold  Buffum. — Improvement  in  Machine  for  Crushing 
and  Pulverizing  Ores. — Patented  January  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  52.) 

a  is  the  bed  plate,  and  b  the  rocker,  to  which  a  vibrating  motion 


II. - METALLURGY. 


341 


around  centre  c  is  to  be  imparted  by  any  suitable  mechanical  means. 
The  ore  is  fed  in  at  the  more  elevated  part  of  the  bed-plate. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  to  be  the  exclusive  inventor  of 
corrugations  in  machines  for  pulverizing  ores.  Neither  do  I  claim  to 
be  the  exclusive  inventor  of  an  arrangement  for  a  progressive  pulveriza¬ 
tion  of  ores.  Neither  do  I  seek,  by  this  patent,  to  secure  the  application 
of  the  rocking  action,  independent  of  its  combinations. 

But  I  do  claim ,  the  rocking  action  of  the  crusher,  in  combination  with 
corrugations  on  the  lower  surface  of  the  rocker,  and  corresponding 
corrugations  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  bed-plate,  for  the  purpose  and 
substantially  as  described  in  this  specification. 


No.  12,576. — Reuben  Shaler. — Improvements  in  Ore  Separators . — 

Patented  March  20,  1855.  (Plates  p.  52.) 

The  material  passes  from  the  hopper  on  to  the  screen  m,  where  the 
finer  portions  pass  through  the  perforations,  and  are  operated  upon  by 
the  weaker  blast  coming  from  blower  2 ;  while  the  coarser  go  to  opening 
w,  and  are  operated  upon  by  the  strong  blast  coming  from  blower  1. 

The  inventor  says:  I  disclaim  the  use  of  the  screen  m,  except  when 
used  in  combination  with  the  two  sets  of  shelves  3  3  and  the  blower  a , 
which  produces  two  blasts  of  unequal  force.  I  disclaim  also  the  use 
of  two  sets  of  shelves  when  used  in  combination  with  a  blower  of  com¬ 
mon  construction. 

I  claim  the  described  combination  of  mechanism,  which  separates  the 
fine  earth  and  small  particles  of  gold  from  the  coarse,  and  exposes  the 
finer  portion  of  impurities  and  gold  to  a  moderate  blast  and  the  coarser 
portion  to  a  more  powerful  blast.  The  said  combination  embraces  the 
blower  a,  which  produces  two  blasts  of  unequal  force,  the  two  sets  ol 
shelves  or  inclined  planes  3  3,  and  the  screen  m,  or  its  equivalent. 

This  combination  I  claim,  when  the  several  parts  are  used  substan¬ 
tially  as  specified. 


No.  13,136. — Bearnard  O’Bryan. — Improvement  in  Machines  for 

Cleaning  Ore. — Patented  June  26,  1855.  (Plates  p.  52.) 

The  hopper  and  plate  G  H  serve  for  loosening  and  shaking  off  the 
dirt  sticking  to  the  ore ;  and  the  ore  falling  upon  screen  K  is  cleaned 
and  sifted.  The  hopper  G  rests  upon  a  platform  P,  having  an  opening 
in  its  centre  ;  and  underneath  the  platform  is  fastened  a  frame  Q,  which 
has  an  angular  shaped  centre-piece  R,  sharp  edge  at  top,  which  centre¬ 
piece  supports  the  shaft  B,  and  forms  an  aperture  on  each  side  through 
which  the  ore  falls  upon  the  screen,  for  the  purpose  ol  scattering  and 
breaking  the  force  of  the  falling  ore  upon  the  screen. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  solid  cast-iron  horizontal  circular 
plate  H,  having  solid  raised  arms  with  upright  ends,  operating  in  a 
ribbed  cylinder,  with  the  frame  Q  and  the  centre-piece  R,  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  scattering  the  ore  on  to  the  sieve  underneath,  as  and  for  the 
purposes  described. 


342 


II. — METALLURGY. 


No.  13,892. — Richard  Vose. — Improvement  in  Quartz- Crushing  Ma¬ 
chines. — Patented  December  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  53.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claims 
and  engravings. 

The  inventor  says :  I  claim  supporting  the  centre  of  the  inclined 
vessel  A  upon  a  semi-spherical  hub  a ,  which  works  on  a  raised  perfo¬ 
rated  socket  in  the  plate  c,  whilst  the  depressed  portion  of  the  periphery 
of  said  vessel  is  supported  upon  a  horizontal  plane  or  track  m,  by  which 
I  am  enabled  to  impart  the  requisite  movements  to  the  said  vessel, 
through  the  medium  of  a  shaft  descending  from  its  hub  a,  and  in  con¬ 
nexion  with  the  said  method  of  supporting  and  operating  the  inclined 
vessel  A. 

I  also  claim,  discharging  the  contents  of  the  said  vessel  through  an 
aperture  in  the  descending  operating  shaft,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

In  connexion  with  the  described  peculiar  manner  of  supporting  and 
operating  the  vessel  A,  I  also  claim  the  combining  of  the  periphery  of 
said  vessel  with  the  supporting  frame  by  means  of  the  springs  5  s ,  or 
their  equivalents,  for  the  purpose  of  steadying  the  movements  of  said 
vessel,  and  preventing  it  from  turning  upon  its  axis,  substantially  as 
set  forth. 


No.  13,961. — Julius  E.  Schwabe. — Improvement  in  Treating  Galena  or 

Lead  Ore . — Patented  December  18,  1855. 

One  hundred  pounds  of  powdered  Galena  ore  are  to  be  mixed  with 
fifty  pounds  of  common  rock  salt,  and  to  this  are  added  from  thirty- 
seven  to  forty  pounds  of  an  acid  of  65°  Beaume.  The  decomposition 
begins  as  the  chlorohydric  acid,  formed  by  the  action  of  the  acid  on  the 
rock  salt,  drives  off  the  sulphur  of  the  ore  as  sulphuretted  hydrogen, 
and  unites  with  the  lead  to  form  chloride  of  lead.  Small  quantities  of 
water  may  be  added  from  time  to  time,  and,  under  continual  stirring 
and  moderate  heat,  the  operation  is  continued  till  no  more  evolution  of 
sulphuretted  hydrogen  is  perceptible.  Then  more  water  is  to  be  added, 
till  about  one  gallon  of  water  is  added  for  every  ten  pounds  of  ore.  It 
is  then  to  be  boiled  for  about  fifteen  minutes,  and  the  insoluble  mass 
allowed  to  settle.  The  liquor  is  then  drawn  off,  and  the  mass  trans¬ 
ferred  to  vats,  in  which  the  soluble  soda  salt  is  completely  washed 
out.  The  remaining  insoluble  whitish  substance  consists  of  more  or 
less  chloride  and  sulphate  of  lead,  and  contains  generally  some  inde- 
composed  ore,  which  may  be  separated  by  washing.  The  white  salts 
of  lead  are  now  ready  for  further  treatment,  which  of  course  has  to 
vary  according  to  the  colors  which  are  intended  to  be  made. 

I  claim  the  method  of  treating  Galena  by  means  of  common  salt,  or 
its  chemical  equivalent,  and  sulphuric  acid,  in  the  manner  and  for  the 
purposes  as  described. 


No.  12,975. — J.  B.  Terry. — Improvements  in  Tin-Sticking  Machines. — 
Patented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  53.) 

The  principal  features  of  this  improvement  are  sufficiently  elucidated 


II. — METALLURGY. 


343 


in  the  claims  and  engravings.  A  more  detailed  description  would  oc¬ 
cupy  too  much  space. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  plates  for  crimping,  and  clamps  for 
holding  the  paper,  have  before  been  used ;  such,  therefore,  I  do  not  claim. 

But  I  claim  measuring  off  or  gauging  the  paper  to  the  required  un¬ 
equal  distances  between  the  rows  of  pins,  and  carrying  it  forward  to 
be  stuck  by  means  of  the  feed-adjusting  ratchet-cam  us,  operating  in 
connexion  with  the  crimping-jaws  g  and  h,  or  the  equivalents  of  such 
devices  and  their  operative  gear,  so  that  the  crimping-jaws  have  their 
reciprocating  intermittent  feed  or  travel  regulated  to  gradually  increase 
for  a  certain  number  of  feeds,  and  vice  versa ;  that  is,  the  advance 
action  of  the  crimping-jaws  made  sooner  or  later,  and  shorter  or  longer, 
without  varying  their  advance  terminus,  substantially  as  specified,  to 
measure  out  the  paper  into  rows  or  crimps  of  gradually  increasing  dis¬ 
tance  from  either  end  of  the  stuck  sheet,  to  secure  the  flat  close  warp  of 
the  sheet  from  its  ends  towards  the  centre,  as  set  forth. 

I  also  claim ,  in  connexion  with  the  forceps  Jc,  or  their  equivalents, 
for  taking  the  crimped  paper  from  the  crimper,  the  double  clamps  or 
iaws  E,  for  holding  the  crimped  paper  while  the  pins  are  being  stuck, 
as  specified. 

Further,  I  do  not  propose  to  employ  or  claim  a  slide  wheel  to  connect 
the  lower  end  of  the  inclined  feeding  pin-conductor  with  the  upper  end 
of  vertical  side  guides  to  act  as  a  conveyor,  and  serving  to  change  the 
position  of  the  pins  from  vertical  to  horizontal,  whether  such  wheel  be 
made  with  or  without  countersinks  on  its  periphery. 

Nor  do  I  claim  a  separating  wheel  to  sustain  the  column  of  pins, 
separate  them,  and  deposit  them  separately,  during  the  revolution  of  the 
wheel,  in  a  grooved  slide  at  the  proper  period,  the  wheel  being  made  of 
discs,  or  with  grooves  or  teeth  cut  across  its  periphery. 

But  I  claim  the  employment,  for  the  purpose  specified,  of  the  inter¬ 
mittent  revolving  cylinder  C  formed  on  or  around  its  periphery,  with 
rows  c1  of  parallel  grooves  of  the  width  of  the  body  of  the  pin,  and 
corresponding  with  the  grooves  in  the  conductor,  and  arranged  in  rela¬ 
tion  thereto,  as  specified,  and  of  the  length  of  a  pin,  or  thereabout,  with 
a  notch  or  recess  at  the  back  end  for  the  head  of  the  pin;  each  groove 
serving  to  count  out  and  convey  one  pin  at  a  time,  and  the  whole  serv¬ 
ing  to  count  out  and  convey  to  their  horizontal  sticking  position  the 
several  pins  in  a  row,  as  shown  and  described. 

Also,  I  claim  the  manner  described,  of  operating  the  distributing 
cylinder  c  by  means  of  the  vibrating  arm  J  3,  operated  from  an  inter¬ 
mittent  rocking-shaft,  and  having  a  spring-ratchet  biting  into  a  toothed 
disc,  or  the  equivalent  of  these  devices,  to  give  to  the  cylinder  its 
counting  out  and  conveying  action,  as  set  forth. 

I  also  claim  the  employment  of  a  sticker  c  5,  arranged  at  the  foot  of 
the  conductor,  and  operating  to  strike  the  pin  at  or  near  its  point,  as  the 
pin  leaves  the  conductor,  to  change  the  position  of  the  pin  and  hold  it 
to  its  seat  in  the  distributing  cylinder,  substantially  as  specified. 

Lastly,  I  claim  forming  the  inclined  conductor  at  its  lower  end  with  an 
offset  a1,  covered  by  an  apron  B  having  recesses  on  its  upper  edge  to  allow 
of  the  heads  of  the  pins  passing  there- through,  and  having  a  guide  b 
on  its  outer  face  to  carry  off  the  surplus  pins,  essentially  as  described. 


344 


II. — METALLURGY. 


No.  13,553. — J.  B.  Terry. — Improved  Machines  for  Crimping  Paper  Jor 

Slicking  Pins . — Patented  September  11,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  54.) 

The  crimping  clamps  b  b 1  are  hinged  together  at  their  upper  end 
and  connected  to  a  lever  c,  which  latter  (in  connexion  with  suitable 
side  guides)  imparts  to  the  clamps  an  intermittent  vertical  movement. 
The  clamps  are  kept  open  by  a  spring,  and  closed  at  the  proper  time 
during  their  descent  by  projecting  guides  e.  The  semi-  circular  recesses  f 
are  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  in  between  the  clamps  a  former  or  rod 
g,  round  which  the  paper  is  compressed  by  the  clamps  in  closing,  and 
serve  as  a  bed  or  stop  for  the  paper,  to  enable  the  clamps  to  give  the 
requisite  crimp  to  the  paper.  This  former  is  operated  so  as  to  be  with¬ 
drawn  from  between  the  clamps  and  paper  after  the  crimp  is  made, 
and  at  the  proper  period  to  advance  across  and  occupy  the  position  for 
its  reception  between  the  clamps  to  effect  the  crimping. 

The  paper  is  represented  in  the  engravings  by  a  strong  broken  line. 

I  claim  the  use  of  the  hinged  clamps  b  bl,  or  equivalents,  operating 
together  with  the  folding  rod  or  former  g  to  crimp  the  paper,  substan¬ 
tially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,785. — Thaddeus  Fowler. — Improvement  in  Separating  Pins.— 
Patented  November  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  54.) 

The  pins  are  thrown  into  pan  H,  which  has  a  shaking  motion,  which 
will  cause  the  pins  to  slide  down  on  to  the  endless  apron  F  ;  this  apron 
receives,  by  any  well  known  mechanical  means,  a  longitudinal  as  well 
as  a  lateral  oscillating  or  rocking  motion.  The  two  wire  points  i  are 
so  near  the  apron  that  a  pin  cannot  pass  under  them,  and  so  near  to 
each  other  that  a  pin  lying  crosswise  of  the  apron  must  come  in  con¬ 
tact  with  one  of  the  points,  and  thereby  be  turned  lengthwise  of  the 
apron:  so  that  if  it  is  straight,  it  will  roll  off;  but  if  crooked,  it  will 
pass  down  to  the  box  C.  Thus  the  imperfect  or  crooked  pins  will  be 
separated  from  the  perfect  ones. 

<  Claim. — The  method  of  separating  the  imperfect  from  the  perfect 
pins  by  the  use  of  an  endless  apron,  having  both  a  longitudinal  and  a 
lateral  oscillating  or  rocking  motion,  when  constructed  and  made  to 
operate  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,175. — Friedrich  W.  Hoffman  and  Charles  W.  Gustav 
Fordan. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  Making  Rivets. — Patented 
July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  54.) 

The  upper  jaw  27  is  secured  to  the  frame  of  the  machine,  while  the 
lower  26  slides  on  the  inclined  plane  of  piece  28  ;  the  downward  mo¬ 
tion  of  26  is  produced  by  arms  29  fixed  on  knife-frame  30.  This  move¬ 
ment  of  the  lower  jaw  is  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  the  bar  (passed 
in  through  2L  and  between  jaws  23  and  24)  from  bending  during  the 
process  of  cutting  off,  it  (jaw  26)  being  in  the  same  plane  with  24,  and 
quite  near  to  it.  It  likewise  allows  the  the  finished  rivets  easily  to  be 
pushed  out  of  the  die.  The  chamfer  or  knife  25  forces  jaw  26,  with 


II. - METALLURGY. 


345 


the  piece  of  iron  just  cut  off,  up  the  inclined  plane,  and  against  jaw  27, 
both  acting  like  a  vice  and  keeping  it  in  its  proper  place  during  the 
process  of  making  the  head  on  it.  As  soon  as  the  rivet  head  is  finished, 
the  arms  29  press  the  movable  jaw  down  the  inclined  plane,  the  ad¬ 
vancing  bar  pushing  the  finished  rivet  easily  out  of  jaw  26. 

Claim. — The  knite  25  so  arranged  in  relation  to  the  lower  jaw  or  jaws, 
and  the  header,  that  while  it  serves  as  a  cutter  it  also  moves  up  the 
inclined  plane  jaw,  and  forms  a  solid  support  for  the  rear  end  of  the 
blank  during  the  making  of  the  head,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,837. — Andrew  Jackson  Suffern. — Improved  Machine  for 

Rolling  Railroad  Rails. — Patented  May  8,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  54.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  is  apparent  from  the  figure. 

Claim. — The  employment  of  three  rollers  in  combination,  arranged 
with  their  axes  in  the  lines  of  an  equilateral  triangle,  each  roller  having 
a  projecting  fillet  and  a  groove  each  side,  and  the  three  working  in  uni¬ 
son,  substantially  as  herein  specified,  for  rolling  three-tread  rails;  each 
roller  forming  the  surface  from  the  middle  of  one  tread  to  the  middle  of 
the  next,  and  the  groove  between  of  such  form  that  each  head  or  tread 
may  be  wider  than  the  thickness  of  the  shank,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,500. — Wm.  E.  Arnold. — Improved  Sash  Fastener.— Patented 

March  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  54.) 

B  is  the  bolt  with  the  curved  shank  B1,  which  is  confined  between 
the  projections  b  and  c  of  slide  S.  As  the  bolt  is  prevented  by  the 
edge  of  the  casing  from  moving  vertically,  a  vertical  motion  of  slide  S 
will  produce  the  positions  of  the  bolt  represented  in  figs.  6  and  7.  The 
tumbler  T  has  a  pin  P  which  passes  through  slot  m  ;  while  a  notch  n , 
which  slips  on  to  the  projection  e  on  slide  S,  enables  it  to  have  a  slight 
angular  motion,  of  which  e  is  the  centre.  The  upper  edge  of  the  tum¬ 
bler  bears  against  projection  X  when  a  vertical  pressure  is  exerted 
againt  pin  P,  which  will  enable  this  pressure  to  move  the  slide  S  and 
consequently  the  bolt.  The  notch  n  and  pin  P  mutually  act  as  pivots 
to  each  other.  Force  applied  to  the  bolt  will  act  on  the  tumbler 
through  slide  S  and  projection  e,  and  will  consequently  tend  to  bring 
the  projecting  angle  g  of  the  tumbler  into  one  of  the  notches  h  in  the 
casing,  when  all  further  movement  will  be  effectually  prevented.  But  a 
vertical  pressure  on  pin  P  will  produce  a  rotary  movement  in  a  contrary 
direction,  tending  to  release  the  tumbler  from  notch  h ,  and  allow  it  to 
act  freely  on  the  slide  through  projection  X. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  bolt  B  traversing  in  guides,  the 
slide  S,  and  the  tumbler  T,  in  relation  to  the  case  and  the  notches  h 
herein,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,710. —  William  E.  Arnold. — Improvement  in  Sash  Fasteners. — 
Patented  April  17,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  54.) 

Bolt  B  fits  loose  on  slide  W,  and  can  be  inserted  as  shown  either  in 
figure  5  or  in  figure  6.  The  bolt  being  in  position  figure  6,  and  the 


346 


II. - METALLURGY. 


slide  being  moved  downwards,  the  bolt  will  assume  position  figure  7 
and  figure  1,  and  lock  the  sash.  Any  pressure  on  the  outer  end  of  bolt 
B  (figure  1)  will  merely  press  the  slide  against  the  opposite  side  of  the 
case,  but  can  produce  no  vertical  motion.  As  the  slide  is  raised,  how¬ 
ever,  by  means  of  knob  D,  the  outer  end  of  the  bolt  yields  to  the  pres¬ 
sure  and  moves  inward. 

Claim. — The  mode,  substantially  as  herein  set  forth,  of  constructing 
and  arranging  a  slide  bolt  and  case,  so  as  at  pleasure  to  form  either  a 
right  or  left  hand  lock,  the  security  also  of  said  lock  being  attained  by 
means  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,491. — Asahel  Gilbert,  Jr. — Improved  Sash  Fastener. — Patented 

August  28,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  54.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  the  figure,  which  represents  a  horizontal  section  through  the  lower 
sash  frame. 

I  claim  the  hinged  cross-bars  c  c,  having  split  knob  handles,  serving 
to  disengage  the  fastening  in  both  sides  of  the  sash,  and  to  raise  and 
lower  the  sash. 


No.  13,656. — William  Patton. — Improved  Sash  Fastener. — Patented 

October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  54.) 

A,  is  part  of  a  window  frame.  B,  the  sash.  C,  is  the  sash  fastener, 
composed  of  two  hooked  arms  a  a,1,  projecting  from  shaft  b,  which  turns 
on  pin  c.  D,  metallic  frame  screwed  to  the  window  frame  at  1 1.  dd1 
are  staples  driven  into  the  sash.  Hook  a  catches  into  staple  d,  when 
the  sash  is  lowered,  and  thus  locks  it  when  down.  Hook  a1  takes  into 
one  of  staples  d1,  and  holds  the  sash  any  height,  varying  with  the  height 
or  distance  apart  that  the  staples  are  set  at. 

Claim . — The  arrangement  of  the  self-acting  catch  or  holder,  with 
its  staples  on  the  outside  of  the  window  frame  and  sash,  so  that  it  may 
be  more  easily  placed  upon  any  window  without  taking  it  out  of  the 
frame,  or  be  readily  repaired,  and  to  prevent  the  cutting  away  or 
mortising  of  the  frame  or  sash,  as  represented. 


No.  13,177. — John  Loudon  and  Otto  Ahlstrom. — Improvement  in 

Screw  Fastenings. — Patented  July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  55.) 

This  improvement  consists  in  constructing  either  a  bolt-head  or  nut, 
as  the  case  may  require,  so  that  the  screwing  up  of  the  nut  or  bolt, 
as  the  case  may  be,  causes  the  bolt-head  or  nut  to  expand  for  the 
purpose  of  making  it  fit  tightly  within  an  opening  in  which  it  is  received, 
and  prevent  its  drawing  out. 

Claim. — 1st.  Constructing  the  head  of  a  screw-bolt  of  fixed  wedges 
or  inclined  pieces  a  a ,  and  loose  expanding  pieces  b  b,  whereby  the 
act  of  screwing  up  the  nut  is  caused  to  expand  the  said  head,  for  the 
purpose  of  making  it  fit  tightly  in  a  suitable  cavity  or  hole  in  which 


II. - METALLURGY. 


347 


it  is  placed,  substantially  as  herein  described ;  or  what  is  equivalent, 
constructing  the  nut  with  the  said  fixed  wedges  or  inclined  pieces, 
and  expanding  side  pieces,  so  that  by  screwing  in  the  bolt,  it  may  in 
the  same  manner  be  expanded  to  fit  tightly  within  a  suitable  cavity. 

2d.  Forming  the  fixed  wedges  a  a  or  inclined  side  pieces  of  the 
bolt  or  nut  up  the  sides  of  the  bolt,  as  illustrated  in  figures  1  and  2, 
and  herein  described,  so  as  to  get  a  great  length  of  bearing  for  the  ex¬ 
panding  pieces,  with  a  small  sized  bolt-head  or  nut. 

3d.  Confining  the  expanding  pieces  b  b  to  a  bolt  or  nut,  by  means 
of  an  elastic  ring  c ,  substantially  as  described,  which  keeps  them 
always  in  condition  to  use  on  the  bolt  or  nut,  and  which  allows  them 
to  expand  and  to  remain  parallel  during  their  expansion,  and  contracts 
the  collar  when  the  nut  or  bolt  is  unscrewed,  and  allows  the  bolt  or 
nut  to  be  removed. 


No.  13,767. — Elliot  Savage. — Improvement  it  Arranging  and  Feeding 

Screw  Blanks . — Patented  November  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  55.) 

Hopper  A  has  one  or  more  of  its  inner  sides  arranged  at  an  angle 
with  respect  to  the  inner  surface  of  a  reciprocating  slider  B,  as  seen 
in  the  drawings;  such  slides  serving  to  constitute  one  side  of  the  hopper 
or  receiver  A,  and  also  one  side  of  the  long  opening  or  space  D  ex¬ 
tending  out  of  the  bottom  of  the  hopper,  and  into  a  passage  or  channel 
E  formed  between  the  parallel  plates  c  d  projecting  down  respectively 
from  the  receiver  or  hopper  and  the  slider,  as  seen  in  the  drawings,  and 
leading  into  an  inclined  conductor  or  spout  F,  disposed  as  seen  in  the 
figures.  The  said  inclined  conductor  is  provided  with  a  long  slot  or 
passage  f  which  communicates  at  its  upper  end  with  the  channel  E, 
in  such  manner  that  the  screw  blanks  may  be  made  to  pass  out  of  the 
said  passage  and  into  the  inclined  conductor,  and  take  positions  as 
represented  at  g  g . 

The  slider  B,  when  the  machine  is  in  use,  is  to  have  a  reciprocating 
rectilinear  movement  imparted  to  it,  it  being  adapted  to  the  hopper  in 
such  manner  as  to  admit  of  such  a  movement.  There  is  affixed  to  the 
hopper  a  spring  or  presser  H,  which  is  arranged  and  made  to  press 
against  the  outer  surface  of  the  slider,  as  seen  in  the  drawing,  its  arrange¬ 
ment  being  such  as  will  allow  and  cause  the  slider  to  be  pressed  up 
against  the  screw  blanks  when  it  is  moved  forwards,  and  to  give  or 
move  away  a  little  therefrom  during  its  backward  movement;  the  same 
being  to  facilitate  the  forward  movement  of  the  screw  blanks  through 
the  passage  E  and  into  the  conductor. 

In  operating  with  this  machine,  a  quantity  of  screw  blanks  is  thrown 
promiscuously  into  the  hopper.  This  done,  the  slider  is  to  be  put  in 
motion  forward  and  backward.  By  its  friction  against  the  mass  of 
blanks,  it  will  cause  some  of  them  to  fall  downward  and  extend  through 
the  openings  in  the  hopper,  and  to  stand  in  vertical  directions,  and  be 
supported  by  their  heads  resting  against  the  two  opposite  inclined 
sides  of  the  hopper. 

By  the  continued  movement  of  the  slider,  the  blanks  will  be  moved 
through  the  passage,  and  successively  caused  to  enter  the  inclined  spout 


348 


II. - METALLURGY. 


or  conductor  F,  through  which  they  will  be  made  to  travel  by  their 
gravitating  power,  each  maintaining  its  vertical  position  while  passing 
longitudinally  throughout  said  conductor. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  reciprocating  slider  B,  the  receiver 
or  hopper  A,  and  the  inclined  conductor  F,  the  same  being  arranged 
and  made  to  operate  together,  substantially  as  specified. 

Also,  combining  the  spring-presser  H  with  the  slider  and  hopper, 
so  as  to  cause  the  slider  to  operate  laterally  with  respect  to  the 
screw  blank,  as  explained. 


No.  12,931. — John  Henry  Wygant. — Improvement  in  Spikes . — Pat¬ 
ented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  55.) 

The  offset  B  on  spike  A  serves,  just  before  the  locking  piece  C  is 
driven  entirely  home,  to  bend  or  curl  its  end,  (see  figure  1,)  and  thereby 
cause  it  to  take  a  lateral  instead  of  a  vertical  direction,  and,  consequently, 
to  take  a  firm  hold  in  the  wood  and  thus  lock  the  spike  firmly  in  its  place. 

Claim. — Providing  a  spike  A  with  a  level  or  inclined  offset  on  one 
of  its  sides,  and  employing,  in  connexion  with  the  same,  a  light  metal 
bar  or  locking  piece  C,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,535. — Amos  Whittemore. — Improvement  in  Spike  Machine. — 

Patented  September  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  55.) 

Roller  e 1  is  pivoted  in  the  forked  end  of  beam  f1,  which  beam  is 
pivoted  to  carriage  e ,  to  which  latter  the  header  /is  attached.  The 
roller  e1  moves  forward,  together  with  the  beam,  carriage,  and  spike, 
and  at  the  same  time  receives  a  downward  motion  by  means  of  rollers 
j  j,  (set  in  standard  h 1,)  against  which  rollers  the  bevelled  end  Jl  of  the 
beam  strikes  during  its  forward  motion  ;  thus  the  roller  el  will  press 
the  end  of  the  spike  between  it  and  the  inclined  surface  i1,  rendering 
the  point  of  the  spike  thus  formed  the  most  compact  and  dense  part  of 
the  spike. 

I  claim ,  pointing  the  spike  by  means  of  the  inclined  bed  s ,  the  ad¬ 
vancing  roller  e1,  the  inclined  surface  f  and  the  pressing  roller/  as  set 
forth. 


No.  13,945. — A.  M.  George. — Improvement  in  Spike  Machines. — Pat¬ 
ented  December  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  55.) 

The  bar  A1,  from  which  the  spikes  are  formed,  is  placed  between 
the  two  jaws  B  B1,  the  end  of  the  bar  bearing  against  the  die  D,  which 
at  this  time  serves  as  a  stop.  Motion  being  then  given  to  the  shaft  F,  the 
jaw  B  will  be  moved  by  its  cam  E  towards  the  stationary  jaw  B1,  the 
back  ends  of  the  jaw  grasping  the  bar.  The  toggle  C  is  then  operated 
by  lever  D1  acting  against  roller  c,  and  the  die  D  is  moved  forward 
and  forms  the  proper  head  upon  the  spike ;  while  the  lever  I  is  moved 
outward  from  the  jaws  by  roller  f  and  the  cutter  k  cuts  the  blank 
off  obliquely  from  bar  A1,  and  the  oblique  end  is  properly  bent  as  the 
jaw  B  closes  against  B1.  The  obliquity  of  the  cutter  k  is  regulated  by 


II. - METALLURGY. 


349 


changing  the  positions  of  the  pivots  e  i,  which  may  be  done  by  turn¬ 
ing  cylinders  G  H  in  the  jaws.  The  cutter  is  returned  by  means  of 
lever  J  acted  upon  by  cam  E. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  jaws  B  B1,  nor  the  toggle  C, 
with  the  heading-die  D  attached  ;  for  they  have  been  previously  used. 

But  I  claim  the  friction -roller fl9  and  lever  I,  to  which  the  cutter  K 
is  attached,  when  said  roller  and  lever  are  placed  upon  adjustable 
centres  or  pivots,  or  rods  e  i,  arranged  substantially  as  shown,  for  the 
purpose  specified. 


No.  13,841. — Dennis  S.  Blue. — Improvement  in  Blacksmith's  StriJcer. — 

Patented  November  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  55.) 

By  applying  the  foot  to  the  treadle  g ,  which  connects  with  rods  n, 
and  the  rods  being  attached  to  the  ends  of  the  rocking-shaft  r,  by 
means  of  slots  q,  the  hammer  Y  is  actuated.  The  slotted  parts/  of 
the  treadle  admit  of  increasing' or  diminishing  the  stroke  in  the  appli¬ 
cation  of  the  foot;  for  a  slight  forward  or  backward  pressure  will  move 
the  treadle  forward  or  backward,  and  thus  shorten  or  lengthen  the 
leverage. 

Claim. — In  the  construction  of  the  blacksmith’s  striker,  the  use  of 
slotted  lever-treadle,  the  slotted  lever,  and  the  rock-shaft,  substantially 
as  described. 


No.  12,219. — Wm.  J.  Stevenson. — Improved  Apparatus  for  Soldering 

Tin  Cans. — Patented  January  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  55.) 

The  clamps  E  F  being  open,  (as  indicated  by  dotted  lines  x  x  in  fig. 
3,)  the  tin  cang  is  fitted  on  mandrel  A  B,  the  section  B  of  the  same 
being  thrown  forward,  (by  bringing  lever  C  into  position  indicated  by  a 
dotted  line  z,  in  fig.  2,)  so  as  to  fill  the  interior  of  the  can.  The  clamps 
E  F  are  then  brought  together,  (see  fig.  1,)  the  strip  of  solder  m  is  laid 
in  the  channel  between  the  edges  of  the  clamps  and  melted  by  a  sol¬ 
dering  iron.  When  the  solder  has  cooled,  the  section  B  is  again  with¬ 
drawn  and  the  can  removed. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  manner  herein  described  and  shown  of  construc¬ 
ting  the  upper  extremities  of  the  jaws  of  the  clamps,  for  the  purpose 
of  forming  a  groove  or  channel  to  receive  a  strip  of  solder  and  confine 
it  where  Us  presence  is  required  alter  being  melted. 

2d.  The  manner  herein  shown  of  interposing  a  strip  of  wood  D 
between  the  cold  iron  of  the  mandrel  and  the  lap  forming  the  joint  or 
seam  of  the  can,  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  the  solder  being  cooled 
too  rapidly  after  it  has  been  melted. 


No.  13,392. — Jno.  L.  Irwin. — Improved  Mode  of  Securing  Tires  upon 
Wheels. — Patented  August  7,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  56.) 

Claim. — Attaching  or  adjusting  tires  to  wheels  by  having  the  ends 
of  the  tires  bent  so  as  to  form  lips  or  projections  a  a ,  through  which  a 
screw-bolt  C  is  passed,  for  the  purpose  of  drawing  the  ends  of  the 


350 


II. - METALLURGY. 


tires  together,  and  fitting  the  same  tightly  to  the  felloes  or  rim,  the 
rim  having  a  recess  d  made  in  it  to  receive  the  lips  or  projections  and 
screw-bolt,  the  recess  being  covered  by  a  cap  D,  substantially  as 
shown  and  described. 


No.  13,256. — Jno.  Fraser  assignor  to  Logan,  Vail,  &  Co.— -Improve¬ 
ment  in  Adjustable  Vices. — Patented  July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  56.) 

The  vice,  when  set  for  griping  taper-shaped  articles,  is  represented 
by  dotted  lines. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  adjustable  vices  have  been  pre¬ 
viously  used ;  but  the  jaw  only  has  been  arranged  so  as  to  turn,  the 
screw  remaining  stationary,  and,  consequently,  they  operate  very  im¬ 
perfectly,  as  the  line  of  pressure  and  the  axis  of  the  screw  were  not  in  line. 

I  do  not  claim,  therefore,  an  adjustable  vice,  irrespective  of  the  con¬ 
struction  shown.  # 

But  I  claim ,  having  the  screw  F,  which  passes  through  the. movable 
jaw  E,  pass  through  a  nut  G  so  arrranged  as  to  turn,  and  cause  the 
screw  and  movable  jaw  to  turn  when  wedged  or  taper-shaped  articles 
are  to  be  held,  so  that  said  jaw  E  will  conform  to  the  obliquity  or  taper 
form  of  the  articles,  and  cause  them  to  be  securely  grasped  by  the 
jaws. 


No.  13,489. — -Robt.W.  Davis  and  Daniel  Davis. — Improved  Vice. — 

*  Patented  August  28,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  56.) 

The  article  to  be  griped  is  placed  against  the  face  of  the  stationary 
jaw  A,  and  the  movable  jaw  B  is  brought  into  contact  with  it  simply 
by  pushing  it  up,  since  the  pawl  M  permits  the  movement  of  the  beam 
in  that  direction ;  pawl  M  will  hold  the  jaw  close  to  the  article  within 
a  distance  less  than  that  between  two  adjacent  teeth  of  the  ratch  a. 

A  partial  turn  of  cam  E  then  immediately  wedges  the  jaws  against  the 
article  with  great  force.  By  reversing  the  cam  the  article  is  again  set  , 
free ;  and  by  lifting  the  arm  P,  and  thereby  throwing  the  pawl  down 
away  from  the  ratch,  the  jaws  can  be  drawn  apart. 

The  inventors  say:  We  are  aware  that  parallel  vices  have  been 
heretofore  constructed  with  cross  levers  and  ratchet  movement;  and 
do  not  claim  merely  such  as  our  invention. 

But  we  claim  an  improved  arrangement  of  the  sliding  ratch-beam  C, 
pawl  M,  and  the  detachable  weighted  key  P,  and  the  cam  E,  all  con¬ 
structed  and  operated  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,681.-— Jasper  Johnson. — Improvement  in  Vices.— -Patented  Oc¬ 
tober  16,  1855.  (Plates  p.  56.) 

Before  inserting  the  article  X  between  the  jaws,  the  lever  F  is  suffi¬ 
ciently  elevated  to  cause  the  spring  n  to  enter  a  slot  in  stud  wz,  the  effect 
of  which  is  to  lift  pawl  i  into  recess  r,  and  leave  rack  E  free  to  move. 
Taw  B  is  then  drawn  out  and  X  inserted,  the  jaw  B  at  the  same  time 


II. - METALLURGY. 


351 


closing  by  its  weight.  The  hand  of  the  operator  is  then  placed  upon 
knob  H,  causing  it  to  drop,  and  pawl  i  to  engage  the  rack-bar  E.  A 
slight  pressure  on  the  knob  will  cause  the  pawl  to  draw  powerfully  on 
the  rack-bar  and  compress  X  between  the  jaws. 

The  inventor  says :  I  disclaim  the  construction  of  vices  where  a  dis¬ 
tinct  adjustment  is  requisite  for  grasping  the  article  previous  to  the 
tightening  of  the  jaws  by  lever  power,  as  in  the  patented  vice  of  Cove , 
and  the  rejected  vice  of  Pardee  ;  such  constituting  no  part  of  my  in¬ 
vention. 

But  I  claim  the  combination  of  lever  F  f  i,  swinging  lugs  l,  and  rack 
E,  with  one  jaw  A  fixed  and  one  movable,  in  the  direction  of  the  rack, 
arranged  and  operating  as  specified,  to  grasp  and  tighten  by  one  con¬ 
tinuous  movement  of  jaw  B,  and  admitting  of  change  of  capacity 
without  adjustment  therefor. 


No.  12,275. — Henry  A.  Frost. — Improvement  in  means  of  holding 

Window  Blinds. — Patented  January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  56.) 

Fig.  1  represents  a  front  view  of  the  blind  and  apparatus ;  fig.  2  a 
plan  of  the  same. 

Claim. — The  application  to  window  blinds  of  a  semi-circular  spring 
rod  E,  which  may  bear  upon  a  wide  staple  D  D  beneath  the  blind  0, 
which  acts  upon  it  at  all  times,  as  described,  so  that  the  blind  may  be 
retained  in  any  desirable  position. 


No.  13,570. — Wm.  Grover, — Improvement  in  Cutting  Wire. — -Patented 

September  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  56.) 

The  wire  W  to  be  cut  is  placed  in  one  of  the  slots  a ,  which  corres¬ 
ponds  in  size  to  the  wire,  the  stop  E  having  been  previously  set,  if 
pieces  of  the  same  length  are  required.  The  wire  is  cut  by  pressing  the 
handles  together,  which  causes  the  slots  a  in  the  two  plates  B  B  to 
cross  or  pass  each  other. 

I  claim  tfie  use  of  the  circular  plates  B,  having  radial  slots  A  formed 
thereon,  for  the  purpose  of  holding  and  cutting  wire,  together  with  the 
gauge  E,  constructed  and  operating  in  the  manner  prescribed. 


No.  13,651. — William  Lincoln. — Machine  for  Making  Wire  Dish 

Covers. — Patented  October  9,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  56.)  ■* 

The  carriage  D  with  the  dies  A  B  being  removed  from  table  G,  and 
the  gauge  Z,  as  well  as  the  follower  B,  being  withdrawn  from  cup-die 
A,  a  sheet  of  woven  wire,  perforated  through  its  centre,  is  laid  upon  , 
the  top  ot  die  A,  and  with  spindle  C  extending  through  its  perforation. 
The  follower  B  is  then  placed  on  spindle  C  and  forced  down  thereon, 
so  as  to  press  the  sheet  of  woven  wire  into  the  required  form. 
The  gauge  hoop  l  is  then  inserted  in  the  upper  part  of  A,  and  that  part 
of  the  wire  sheet  projecting  above  the  gauge  is  removed  with  a  pair  of 
shears.  Next  the  rim  r  is  fitted  upon  that  part  of  the  wire  sheet  which 


352 


II. - METALLURGY. 


extends  above  die  A.  The  carriage  D  is  then  brought  up  into  gear  with 
pinion  o,  so  as  to  introduce  the  rim  r  between  the  leading  rollers  U  U ; 
next  the  screw  V  is  to  be  turned  so  as  to  compress  the  rim  between  the 
rollers.  This  done,  the  crank  T  is  revolved,  such  causing  the  carriage 
D  to  turn  about  and  to  carry  the  whole  of  the  rim  around  between  the 
rollers,  and  bead  it  so  as  to  fasten  it  firmly  to  the  woven  wire  extending 
into  it.  The  guide  can  be  lifted  (by  means  of  a  lever)  into  the  p  osition 
represented  in  the  engravings,  so  that  it  projects  into  space  b  and  rests 
against  the  side  of  it,  so  as  to  maintain  the  carriage  D  in  gear  with 
pinion  O. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  rotary  forming  and  holding  dies  A  and 
B,  with  beading  mechanism  applied  to  operate  therewith,  substantially 
as  described. 

Also,  the  guide  spindle  C,  in  combination  with  the  cup-die  A  and 
follower  B,  substantially  as  described. 

Also,  the  carriage  D,  the  guide  H,  the  gearing  a  o,  and  shaft  K,  as 
combined  with  the  dies  and  beading  mechanism. 

Also,  combining  with  the  cup-die  A  the  movable  gauge  top  l,  the 
same  being  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  as  specified. 


No.  12,198. — Chas.  G.  Everitt. — Improvement  in  Ratchet  Wrenches . — 

Patented  January  9,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  57.) 

By  taking  hold  of  nut  A,  the  pawl  d  (which  is  constantly  pressed  to¬ 
wards  the  ratchet- teeth  by  means  of  spring  e)  can  be  slid  in  or  out  of 
gear  with  the  ratchet ;  and  by  screwing  up  the  nut,  it  may  be  fixed  in 
either  position. 

The  inventor  says  :  Though  I  do  not  claim  of  itself  the  form  of  the 
ratchet- teeth  as  represented, 

I  do  claim ,  the  employment  of  the  application  to  a  wrench  of  a 
ratchet  of  such  form,  and  a  sliding  stop,  acting  as  described,  to  stop  or 
set  free  the  said  ratchet  at  pleasure  when  the  wrench  is  used  for 
tapping. 


No.  12,410. — Samuel  H.  Noble. — Improvement  in  Screw  Wrenches . — 

Patented  February  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  57.) 

When  the  nut  (for  instance  a  four-sided  one)  has  been  turned  one- 
fourth  of  the  way  round,  instead  of  taking  off' the  wrench  and  reapply¬ 
ing  it  to  the  next  side  of  the  nut,  the  thumb  is  pressed  upon  the  thumb- 
piece  A  and  pressed  downwards  against  spring  A  ;  the  part  b  rises  then 
out  of  the  notch  c  of  the  cylinder,  and  by  slightly  pressing  the  wrench 
(to  wit,  the  adjustable  jaw  of  it)  against  the  nut,  the  said  jaw  will  move 
backward  against  the  spiral-spring  e,  and  allow  space  between  the  jaws 
of  the  wrench  sufficient  to  pass  over  and  around  the  corners  of  the  nut. 
By  removing  the  thumb  from  the  piece  A,  the  spring  e  will  push  out 
the  movable  jaw,  and  the  spring  h  will  lower  the  part  b  into  the  notch  c, 
and  lock  the  wrench  ready  to  turn  the  nut  the  next  fourth  of  the  way 
round. 

Claim . — The  application  of  the  spiral  or  other  spring,  as  seen  in  fig. 


II. - METALLURGY. 


353 


2,  part  e;  the  thumb-piece,  part  A,  g  b,  and  the  spring  under  the 
tnumb-piece,  part  A,  in  such  a  manner  to  the  common  screw  of  screw 
wrench,  as  to  create  a  backward  and  forward  self-adjusting  motion  of 
adjustable  part  of  screw  wrench  now  in  use. 


No.  12,510. — Jos.  Hyde. — Improvement  in  Screw  Wrenches. — Patented 

March  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  57.) 

This  wrench  is  to  be  used  for  grasping  angular  as  well  as  round 
forms.  The  movable  jaw  D  is  brought  up  to  the  piece  d  to  be  grasped 
and  held  there  by  pressing  H  inwards,  which  will  cause  the  cam  G 
to  bind  against  the  shank  B.  By  turning  then  the  wrench  in  the  usual 
direction,  (see  arrow  fig.  1,)  the  piece  will  be  grasped  between  jaw  A  and 
gripper  E  ;  and  the  greater  the  force  exerted  in  turning  the  wrench, 
the  greater  will  be  the  holding  force  upon  the  piece  ;  because  the  piece, 
as  the  wrench  is  turned,  has  a  tendency  to  turn  the  gripper  upon  its 
pivots  a ,  as  indicated  by  the  dotted  arrow  in  fig.  1. 

Claim . — The  auxiliary  jaw  or  gripper  E  applied  to,  or  inserted  within, 
either  the  stationary  or  movable  jaw  of  a  hand  or  screw  wrench  ;  said 
jaw  or  gripper  being  constructed  and  arranged  as  shown,  or  in  an 
equivalent  way,  so  as  to  bind  or  press  the  article  between  it  and  the 
stationary  jaw  with  a  force  proportionate  to  that  exerted  in  turning  the 
wrench,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,590. — L.  D.  Gilman. — Improvement  in  Screw  Wrenches. — Pat¬ 
ented  March  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  57.) 

The  wrench  being  adjusted  and  set  for  use  by  means  of  an  eccen¬ 
tric  E,  which,  acting  upon  a  strap  of  the  toothed  adjustable  plate  D, 
causes  its  teeth  to  lock  with  the  shank  teeth,  thereby  holding  the  jaw  of 
the  wrench  firm,  d  are  springs  which  press  the  toothed  plate  back 
clear  of  the  teeth  of  the  shank  as  soon  as  the  eccentric  is  brought  back 
from  the  position  represented  in  dotted  lines,  into  the  position  shown  in 
full  lines. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  make  no  claim  to  the  teeth  on  the  sliding  bar 
of  the  wrench. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  adjustable  toothed  plate  with  its 
springs,  the  toothed  adjustable  jaw,  and  the  eccentric  with  its  strap  at¬ 
tached  to  the  toothed  plate ;  the  several  parts  being  operated  in  the 
manner  as  described  and  shown. 


No.  12,935. — Francis  S.  Coburn,  assignor  to  Ruggles,  Nourse,  & 
Co. — Improvement  in  Screw  Wrenches.  —  Patented  May  22,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  57.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

Claim. — Arranging  and  combining  with  the  angular  recessed  head 
C  of  a  handle  A,  a  movable  notched  jaw,  operated  in  manner  with 
23 


l 


354 


II. — METALLURGY. 


respect  to  the  recess  of  the  head,  and  by  means,  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed ;  the  same  rendering  the  wrench  adjustable  to  nuts  or  screw- 
heads  of  different  sizes,  and  capable  at  the  same  time  of  embracing 
them  on  their  four  sides. 


No.  13.120. — Charles  B.  Bristol. — Improved  Wrench. — Patented  June 

26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  57.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  erf 
gravings. 

Claim. — -The  combination  of  the  disc  with  the  stock  and  binding  pin, 
when  the  whole  is  constructed,  arranged,  combined  and  made  to  operate, 
substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,221. — Benj.  F.  Joslyn. — Improvement  in  Slide  Wrenches. — Pat¬ 
ented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  58.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  is  apparent  from  the  claim  and  en¬ 
gravings. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  making  a  slide  wrench  with  one 
part  or  jaw  sliding  in  the  other,  and  surrounded  by  a  nut,  as  such. 

But  I  claim  the  nut  E  surrounding  both  parts  of  the  jaws,  and  long 
enough  to  give  the  required  motion,  with  a  thread  on  its  inside  work¬ 
ing  in  the  edge  of  part  B  ;  the  part  A  surrounding  the  part  B,  with 
the  slot  from  C  to  D,  as  described,  and  the  part  B  sliding  in  A,  with  a 
thread  on  its  projecting  edge  to  receive  the  nut  E  ;  the  whole  arranged 
as  described  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,388. — Alden  Graham. — Improved  Wrench . — Patented  August 

7,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  58.) 

By  turning  ring  C  the  jaws  E  are  operated,  either  end  of  the  jaws 
being  made  to  grasp  the  nut  or  article  to  be  turned ;  and  the  handle 
A  may  be  moved  in  one  direction  without  turning  the  plates  D  and 
jaws  E,  as  the  pawl  h  will  slip  over  the  teeth  g  in  plate  D  ;  but,  when 
moved  in  the  opposite  direction,  the  pawl  will  take  along  the  plate  D 
and  the  jaws  E,  to  turn  with  the  handle. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  arrangement  of  a  plate  pro¬ 
vided  AVJth  ratchet  teeth,  in  which  a  pawl  catches,  so  as  to  allow  the 
implement  to  be  operated  without  removing  it  from  the  nut  or  other 
article  to  be  turned;  as  ratchet  wrenches  have  been  previously  used. 

But  I  claim  fitting  the  jaws  E,  when  turning  on  pivots  in  the  slot,  and 
operating  the  same  by  a  ring  C,  having  a  screw  thread  a  on  its  inner 
surface,  to  work  between  threads  f  cut  on  the  outer  surface  of  the  jaws, 
in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,456. — JohnD.  Dale. — Improved  Wrench. — Patented  August  21, 
1S55.  (Plates,  p.  58.) 

When  it  is  designed  to  turn  a  nut  to  the  right,  the  hub  F  is  inserted 
in  its  opening  from  the  upper  side,  as  in  figure  1,  and  the  jaws  D  are 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


355 


made  to  grasp  the  nut  by  turning  the  plate  E1,  with  the  worm  E  on 
its  lower  surface,  to  the  left.  A  vibrating  motion  is  then  given  to  the 
lever  K  with  one  hand,  while  the  handle  A  is  held  with  the  other 
hand,  which  causes  the  hub  F  to  move  correspondingly,  and  to  alter¬ 
nately  move  the  ends  of  the  pawls  G  G1  against  the  ratchet  teeth  of  B2. 

When  a  nut  is  to  be  turned  to  the  left,  the  hub  F  is  taken  out  and 
inserted  from  below,  when  the  movements  will  be  reversed. 

I  claim ,  1st.  The  combination  of  the  reversible  flanged  and  winged 
hub  F  and  pawls  G  G1,  with  the  upper  and  lower  ratchet  wheels  B1  B2, 
constructed  and  operated  as  described. 

2d.  The.  combination  of  the  angular  jaws  and  worm  plate  F,  or  their 
equivalents,  with  the  upper  and  lower  ratchet  wheels  B1  B2,  and  the 
mechanism  giving  them  a  continuous  motion  either  to  the  right  or  left. 


No.  13,597. — Henry  J.  Behrens. — Improvement  in  Wrench. — Patented 

September  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  58.) 

When  the  jaw  b  is  pressed  back  by  the  strain,  there  is  but  a  small 
amount  of  friction  upon  the  eccentric  c  to  carry  it  back,  while  its  serrated 
periphery  holds  upon  the  wrench  bar,  increasing  its  holding  power  with 
any  increase  of  strain ;  and  when  the  strain  is  removed,  it  allows  an 
easy  and  expeditious  release,  so  that  the  jaw  can  be  moved  back  and 
forth  by  one  hand. 

Claim. — The  employment  of  an  eccentric,  toothed  on  its  periphery, 
and  held  down  by  a  spring,  as  described,  in  combination  with  the 
smooth  bar  wrench,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  herein  set  forth. 


No.  13,617. — Jos.  Hyde. — Improvement  in  Screw  Wrenches. — Patented 

October  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  58.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

Claim. — The  eccentric  shaft  eand  thumb  piece  c,  as  they  are  arranged 
in  relation  to  the  screw  h  of  the  movable  jaw,  so  that  the  screw  may 
be  thrown  in  and  out  of  gear  with  the  bar,  and  the  jaw  be  moved  by 
sliding  it  on  the  bar  or  through  the  turning  of  the  screw,  as  set  forth. 


III.— FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


No.  13,391. — Liveras  FIull. — Improvement  in  Braiding  Machines  — 
Patented  August  7,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  59.) 

Underneath  each  of  the  bobbins  F  of  a  common  braiding  machine,  and 
applied  to  the  racer  frame  D  so  that  it  may  play  freely  upward  and 
downward,  is  a  weight  K  suspended  by  means  of  a  hook  to  the  thread 
b  that  proceeds  downward  from  the  bobbin;  the  thread,  after  leaving  the 
hook,  passes  up  through  an  eye  c  in  the  racer  frame,  and  thence  towards 


356 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


the  centre  of  the  machine.  The  object  of  these  weights  is  to  maintain 
an  equality  of  tension  upon  the  thread  during  the  eccentric  movements 
of  the  racer.  By  applying  the  weights  to  the  racer,  (and  not  to  the 
bobbins,  as  was  usual  heretofore,)  no  thread  guides  between  the  bobbin 
and  weight  are  necessary,  and  there  is  no  lifting  action  upon  the  bobbin, 
while  it  and  the  weight  are  freely  exposed  in  order  to  enable  the  at¬ 
tendant  to  mend  broken  threads  with  facility.  During  the  elevation  of 
the  weight  it  will  be  carried  against  this  lower  arm  of  lever  pawl  H, 
releasing  said  pawl  from  the  bobbin  ratchet  G,  and  thereby  permitting 
the  bobbin  to  revolve  and  give  out  thread;  the  revolution  being  effected 
by  the  gravitation  of  the  weight.  As  soon  as  the  weight  falls  away 
from  the  pawl,  the  latter  will  be  forced  against  its  ratchet  by  the  con¬ 
tractile  power  of  spring  I. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  bobbin,  the  pawl,  and  the  weight 
within  the  racer,  or  with  respect  to  one  another  therein,  substantially 
as  described,  the  same  presenting  advantages  as  specified. 


No.  13,7 19. — Liveras  Hull. — Improvement  in  Machinery  for  Braiding. — 

Patented  October  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  59.) 

The  thread /from  the  bobbin  is  first  carried  directly  through  the 
tubular  journal  C;  from  thence  it  is  bent  towards  the  periphery  of  the 
pulley  turned  underneath  the  hook  a  thereof;  thence  wound  one  or  more 
times  entirely  around  the  pulley,  or  in  the  groove  of  its  periphery,  and 
thence  carried  upward  and  through  an  eye  g  made  in  the  frame  of  the 
racer.  From  said  eye  the  thread  extends  to  the  whip  or  point  where 
the  braiding  is  to  be  performed.  During  the  eccentric  travelling  move¬ 
ment  of  the  racer,  while  the  braiding  operation  is  being  carried  on,  the 
draft  on  the  thread  will  cause  the  pulley  to  rotate  or  give  way,  and 
wind  up  the  spring  coiled  within  it.  When  the  racer  approaches  the 
central  part  of  the  braiding  machine,  the  retractive  power  of  the  spring 
E  will  rotate  the  pulley  or  turn  it  backward,  so  as  to  cause  it  to  take 
up  the  slack  of  the  thread  and  maintain  the  thread  properly  extended. 
When  the  draft  on  the  thread  becomes  sufficient  to  carry  the  stud  b 
around  against  the  lever  pawl  F  with  force  sufficient  to  tilt  it,  and  throw 
it  out  of  action  upon  the  ratchet,  the  bobbin  will  be  relieved  and  will 
be  caused  to  turn  by  the  draft  on  the  thread,  so  as  to'  give  out  more 
thread  as  soon  as  the  bobbin  commences  to  rotate.  The  spring,  being 
relieved  from  the  draft  on  the  thread,  will  turn  the  pulley  backward, 
and  not  only  take  up  the  thread  given  out  from  the  bobbin,  but  move 
the  stud  b  away  from  the  lever  pawl,  so  as  to  permit  the  spring  e  of  said 
pawl  to  force  the  pawl  up  to  the  ratchet  and  arrest  the  rotary  move¬ 
ment  of  the  bobbin. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  combining  with  the  racer  and  its 
bobbin  machinery  for  taking  up  the  slack  of  the  thread,  and  causing 
the  bobbin  to  give  out  or  deliver  thread,  as  the  same  may  be  necessary. 

But  1  claim ,  arranging  and  applying  a  rotary  spring-pulley  and  a 
tripping  steed,  or  its  equivalent,  and  tubular  guide-journal  with  respect 
to  the  bobbin  and  its  spring  pawl,  and  so  as  to  operate  therewith  sub¬ 
stantially  as  specified. 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


357 


No.  12,469. — Horatio  N.  Gambrill  and  Singleton  F.  Btjrgee. — 

Improvement,  in  Carding  Machines. — Patented  February  27,  1S55. — 

Patented  in  England  August  22,  1854.  (Plates,  p.  59.) 

D1  I),  D1  D  are  two  pairs  of  lap-rollers,  and  E  E1,  E  E1  two  pairs 
of  feeding-rollers,  by  which  the  lap  is  fed  to  the  cylinder  A  at  two  points, 
so  as  to  furnish  the  lap  in  thin  sheets  to  the  cylinder,  without  increasing 
the  velocity  of  the  feed-rollers,  or  causing  the  card-teeth  to  pass  through 
so  thick  a  fleece. 

The  cam  F  works  shipper  G,  the  lower  end  of  which  straddles  the 
endless  belt  H,  which  passes  around  two  conical  pulleys  I  J.  Pulley 
I  receives  its  motion  from  cylinder  A  by  means  of  pulley  and  belt  K 
L,  and  transmits  motion  through  belt  H  to  pulley  J.  The  two  cone 
pulleys  stand  in  a  reversed  position  in  relation  to  each  other.  When 
the  belt  H  is  equi-distant  from  the  extreme  ends  of  the  pulleys,  the 
relative  velocities  of  the  peripheries  of  cylinder  A  and  stripper  M  are 
the  same ;  but  as  cam  F  revolves,  the  shipper  G  carries  the  belt  back 
and  forth  from  end  to  end  of  the  cone  pulleys,  thereby  changing  their 
relative  velocities  ;  so  that  half  the  time  the  cylinder  A  is  stripping  the 
stripper  M,  and  during  the  other  half  of  the  time  the  stripper  M  is 
stripping  the  cylinder  A. 

Claim. — The  application  of  two  or  more  sets  or  pairs  of  feeding 
rollers  to  the  working  cylinder  of  carding  engines,  substantially  in  the 
manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

Also,  the  reversing  of  the  relative  velocities  of  the  peripheries  of  the 
main  working  cylinder  and  stripper  M,  at  intervals,  by  an  automatic 
movement,  for  the  purpose  of  cleaning  or  preventing  the  clogging  or 
packing  of  the  main  cylinder,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,395. — John  G.  McNair. — Improvement  in  Manufacturing  Car¬ 
pets. — Patented  August  7,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  59.) 

The  object  of  this  invention  is  to  produce  a  fabric  having  a  figure 
on  the  two  surfaces  like  ingrain  carpets,  with  the  colors  reversed,  but 
without  a  figuring  warp.  Figs.  1  and  2  are  views  of  the  upper  and  under 
surfaces  of  the  fabric;  fig.  3,  a  longitudinal,  and  fig.  4,  a  cross  section  ; 
a,  threads  of  the  warp  operated  by  a  jacquard  or  other  figuring  ap¬ 
paratus  ;  b,  binding  in  warp  of  finer  thread,  operated  by  the  usual 
harness,  to  be  operated  once  for  each  throw  of  the  shuttle  ;  c,  the 
woolen  weft,  mounted  in  two  shuttles  operated  alternately,  is,  one  or 
both,  party-colored. 

Claim. — The  fabric,  substantially  as  described,  by  the  double  wefts, 
one  or  both  of  which  is  party-colored,  in  combination  with  the  two  sets 
of  warps,  one  to  divide  and  ingrain  the  wefts,  and  the  other  to  bind  in 
the  wefts,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  13,702. — Samuel  Fay. — Improvement  in  Finishing  Carpets. — Pat 
ented  October  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  59.) 

The  carpet  B  is  wound  upon  shaft  c,  power  being  applied  to  pulley  C, 
Shaft  d  may  be  operated  by  a  crank  or  otherwise,  and  when  it  is  de- 


358 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


sirable  to  lift  the  pressure  roll  S  (weighted  down  by  weights)  from 
off  the  carpet  roll,  for  the  purpose  of  taking  the  latter  out,  the  carpet 
is  wound  tight  upon  the  roll  without  being  unduly  stretched. 

Claim. — Giving  to  woven  figured  fabrics,  such  as  carpets,  the  finished 
appearance  derived  from  the  application  ol  heavy  pressure,  whilst 
placing  the  goods  in  a  roll  for  convenience  of  transportation,  and  with¬ 
out  distorting  the  pattern  by  an  irregular  undue  stretching  of  the  fabric, 
substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,018c — O.  B.  Tomlinson. — Improvement  in  the  Manufacture  of 

Ornamental  Felt  Cloth. — Patented  June  5,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  59.) 

After  the  batting  has  had  the  colored  wool,  to  form  the  design,  placed 
upon  its  surface,  (fig.  1,)  the  sheet  of  batting  is  to  be  hardened  to  enable 
it  to  be  handled  while  it  undergoes  the  shrinking  process.  It  is  hardened 
by  wrapping  it  in  a  cloth  which  is  sprinkled  with  water,  and  placed 
upon  a  hot  iron  plate  so  as  to  raise  the  moisture  into  steam.  It  is  then 
ready  to  undergo  the  shrinking  or  felting  operation.  The  latter  pro¬ 
cess  fixes  the  colored  wool  among  the  uncolorecl  wool  in  the  batting, 
so  as  to  form  part  ol  the  body  of  the  felt,  (see  fig.  2,)  and  thus  an  article 
is  produced  superior  to  printed  fabrics. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  incorporation  of  rovings  of 
different  colors  in  the  manufacture  of  felt  stripes,  checks,  or  plaids. 

But  I  claim  the  manufacturing  of  ornamental  felt  fabrics  by  placing 
colored  wool,  fur,  or  any  other  shrinking  substance,  upon  the  surface  ol 
a  sheet  of  batting,  and  shrinking  the  same  colored  wool,  &c.,  into  the 
body  of  the  felt,  in  the  manner  substantially  as  described,  to  form  an  orna¬ 
mental  fabric  of  the  character  and  quality  described,  lor  the  purpose 
set  forth. 


No.  13,543. — Joseph  D.  Elliot. — Improvement  in  Machinery  for  Fold- 
i? g  and  Measuring  Cloth. — Patented  September  11,  1855.  (Plates 
p.  59.) 

The  cloth  (see  strong  broken  line  in  the  figure  2)  passes  over  rollers 
A.  and  B,  underneath  friction  bar  C,  over  roller  D,  and  down  to  blades 
E  E1.  The  crank  F  imparts  a  reciprocating  motion  to  the  upper  end 
of  arm  G.  The  pins  K  connect  the  blades  E  E1  with  the  end  of 
pitman  H,  and  work  through  slots  in  the  upper  end  of  arm  G,  which 
slots  allow  the  blades  to  adjust  themselves  to  the  increasing  thickness 
of  the  pile  of  cloth  on  the  table  M.  One  end  of  the  cloth  is  held  by 
jaw  L  ;  the  blade  E  carries  the  cloth  to  the  jaw  L1,  which  is  raised 
at  the  time  the  cloth  arrives,  and  is  pressed  down  immediately  after¬ 
wards  to  take  hold  of  the  cloth.  The  blade  E1  then  carries  the  cloth 
back  to  jaw  L,  where  it  is  again  clamped  by  the  said  jaw,  and  so  forth. 
The  blades  turn  on  pivot  K,  and  are  guided  by  a  rod  N.  The  rod  N  is 
attached  to  the  blades,  and  slides  through  a  nut  or  swivel  O,  which 
latter  is  free  to  turn  on  a  pivot  attached  to  frame  P. 

I  claim ,  in  connexion  writh  the  pivoted  vibrating  blades  E  E,  the 
rod  and  swivel,  for  causing  said  blades  to  make  a  half  revolution 
during  each  vibration,  substantially  as  described. 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


359 


I  also  claim  the  friction  bar  or  brake  C,  in  combination  with  the 
rolls  B  D,  for  preventing  the  cloth,  by  the  momentum  of  the  blades, 
from  paying  off  faster  than  it  is  folded,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,888. — Nathan  Simmons. — Improvement  in  Cloth- Stretching  Rol¬ 
lers. — Patented  December  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  59.) 

The  discs  A  D  B,  turning  loosely  on  shaft  C,  are  braced  together 
by  rods  E,  which  latter  support  the  stretchers  I  H  G  F  and  I1  H1 
G1  F1.  These  stretchers  slide  ireety  on  the  rods,  and  each  set  of 
stretchers  is  connected  to  cross-bar  L,  and  one  to  the  other  by  links 
K.  Studs  O,  extending  from  the  under  side  of  each  outer  stretcher  I 
or  I1,  enter  into,  and  are  acted  upon  by,  a  grooved  cam  P  or  P1  fixed 
upon  the  stationary  shaft  C.  During  half  a  revolution  of  the  stretch¬ 
ing  roller,  the  stretchers  \  and  I1  will  be  moved  (by  means  of  said 
stud  and  cam)  parallel  to  the  axis  of  the  roller,  and  away  from  the 
middle  disc  D  ;  and  during  the  succeeding  half  revolution,  they  will  be 
moved  back  towards  the  middle  disc.  The  several  stretchers  ol  each 
set  will  be  moved  consecutively,  as  the  outer  stretcher  1  or  I1,  in 
moving  outward,  takes  up  the  slack  of  one  after  the  other  ;  thus  the 
cloth  will  be  stretched  width-wise,  so  that  the  first  strain  will  be  on  the 
selvage,  which  will  be  followed  by  consecutive  strains  acting  in  a 
direction  away  from  the  middle  of  the  cloth,  and  straining  the  cloth 
between  the  middle  of  it  and  each  stretcher  in  action  upon  it. 

Claim. — The  cloth  stretching  roller  or  cylinder,  imparting  to  its 
sectional  stretchers,  while  the  roller  is  in  revolution,  consecutive  move¬ 
ments  in  one  direction,  or  away  from  the  middle  of  the  roller,  in  the 
order  as  described,  and  by  mechanism  substantially  as  specified,  or  any 
mechanical  equivalent. 


No.  13,900. — James  Baxendale.— Improvement  in  Machinery  for  Fold¬ 
ing  and  Measuring  Cloth. — Patented  December  11,  1855.  (Plates, 

p.  60.) 

The  end  of  the  cloth  is  first  attached  to  the  hooks  ?,  while  the  laying 
carriage  D  E  is  directly  over  said  hooks.  The  nuts  I  I1  are  turned 
by  hand  to  carry  their  nuts  close  up  to  the  table  A,  and  the  folding 
rods  are  all  raised  by  hand  to  upright  positions ;  the  carriage  is  then 
moved.  Just  before  the  carriage  arrives  at  the  other  end,  the  dog  g 
comes  in  contact  with  ratchet-wheel  e,  and  turns  the  screw  I  far  enough 
for  the  nut  J  to  act  upon  the  toe  of  the  innermost  of  the  set  of  rods 
A  A,  and  cause  the  said  rod  to  fall  upon  the  cloth  and  hold  it  down 
flat  upon  the  table.  The  laying  carriage  is  then  returned  to  the  opposite 
end,  and  the  cloth,  being  drawn  tightly  over  the  folding  rod  A,  is  caused 
to  be  again  unrolled  from  the  roll  of  cloth;  and  just  before  the  carriage 
arrives  at  the  end  of  this  movement,  the  dog  g1  acts  upon  the  ratchet- 
wheel  e1,  and  turns  the  screw  P  far  enough  for  nut  J1  to  act  upon  the 
toe  of  the  first  rod  A1,  which  is  thereby  caused  to  fall  upon  the  cloth. 
The  next  movement  of  the  carriage  will  operate  upon  the  second  rod  A, 
and  the  next  movement  will  actuate  the  second  rod  A1,  and  so  forth 


i 


360 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


(the  dog  at  each  time  acting  upon  the  ratchet  to  move  the  screw  far 
enough  for  the  nut  to  act  upon  the  toe  of  the  next  folding  rod). 

Claim. — 1st.  The  employment  of  separate  rods  b  b  bl  b1,  for  the 
several  folds  of  the  cloth,  the  said  rods  being  arranged  and  operated 
to  fall  across  the  successive  layers  of  the  cloth  as  they  are  laid,  by  the 
movements  of  a  suitable  reciprocating  carriage  over  the  folding  table, 
and  to  remain  within  the  folds,  till  the  folding  of  the  whole  piece  is 
completed,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

2d.  The  manner  of  operating  the  said  rods  b  b  bl  bl  to  throw  them 
from  their  upright  positions  across  and  upon  the  cloth,  by  means  of  the 
nuts  J  J1  and  screws  I  I1,  which  are  actuated  by  the  movements  of 
the  reciprocating  carriage,  substantially  as  des  ribed. 


No.  12,668. — Byron  Boardman  and  George  C.Sweett. — Improvements 

in  Machinery  for  Winding  up  Lines ,  Twist ,  or  Cord. — Patented  April 

10,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  60.) 

Before  the  commencement  of  the  winding,  the  sweep  shaft  D,  the 
shaft  F,  and  all  the  parts  connected  therewith,  are  in  the  condition  re¬ 
presented  in  figures  1  and  2,  and  the  pulley  G  to  be  disengaged;  but 
the  clasp  rod  U  is  raised  to  bring  the  clasp  V  v  above  the  point  of  the 
upper  hook  B.  The  end  of  the  line,  which  is  represented  in  broken 
lines,  supposed  to  be  coming  from  a  loose  coil,  enters  the  outer  end  ot 
the  shaft  D,  passes  through  the  hole  a,  and  from  thence  to  and  through 
the  tube  b  of  the  sweep  C.  Before  the  machine  is  set  in  operation, 
the  end  of  the  line  should  be  hitched  to  the  lower  hook.  The  machine 
is  started  by  lifting  the  pawl  K1,  and  allowing  the  ratchet  wheel  K  to 
be  driven  by  the  spring  q  so  far  in  the  direction  of  arrow  1  as  to  bring 
the  pin  p  in  contact  with  the  upper  side  of  the  arm  7  of  the  lever  J, 
which  stops  the  ratchet  wheel,  and  leaves  the  pulley  G  engaged  with 
the  sweep  shaft,  which,  with  the  sweep,  then  commences  to  rotate  in 
the  direction  of  arrow  3,  and  to  lay  the  line  round  the  hooks  B  B1. 
The  laying  operation  continues  until  the  ratchet  wheel  K  has  been 
moved  so  far  in  the  direction  of  arrow  2  as  to  cause  pin  m  to  raise  arm  7 
of  lever  J,  to  disengage  slide  i  from  pin  k  of  pulley  G,  and  lock  the 
sweep  shaft,  and  to  throw  forward  the  lower  arm  of  the  said  lever  to 
operate  upon  lever  19,  and  draw  back  latch  16  to  let  fall  clasp  rod  u. 

The  pulley  G  is  loose  on  the  sweep  shaft,  and  carries  on  one  side 
pin  k ,  which,  during  the  laying,  catches  sliding  piece  i  on  cylinder  I, 
which  is  secured  to  the  shaft.  The  slide  is  acted  upon  by  springy, 
which  is  coiled  within  the  cylinder  to  force  it  in  the  direction  of  arrow 
figure  3,  and  bring  part  6  in  contact  with  the  pin.  When  the  pulley 
is  to  be  stopped,  the  sliding  piece  has  to  be  thrown  back  to  allow  part 
6  to  clear  pin  k.  This  is  done  by  means  of  pin  m  of  ratchet  wheel  K 
striking  arm  7.  Wheel  K  is  secured  to  shaft  F,  and  is  engaged  by 
tooth  n  on  sweep  shaft  D  ;  and,  by  this  tooth,  is  caused  to  move  one 
tooth  during  each  revolution  of  the  sweep,  till  m  lifts  arm  7  so  as  to 
meet  end  8  of  sliding  piece  i;  after  which,  a  slightly  continued  revolu¬ 
tion  of  the  cylinder  causes  the  sliding  piece  to  be  thrown  back  to  clear 
pin  ko 


III. - FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


361 


The  fall  of  the  clasp  rod  beyond  a  certain  point  is  prevented  by  the 
fixed  jaw  V  of  the  clasp  coming  in  contact  with  the  stop  22,  which 
then  supports  the  clasp  and  rod.  The  clasp  is  arrested  in  the  proper 
position  to  commence  the  woolding  ;  and,  just  previously  to  the  end  of 
its  fall,  the  pin  y  throws  off  the  catch  w ,  and  allows  wheel  Q  to  engage 
with  shaft  P  and  set  hooks  B  B1  in  motion. 

Wheel  Q  is  loose  upon  shaft  P.  The  wheel  is  engaged  with  the 
shaft  by  means  of  a  spring  latch  r  pivoted  at  s  to  block  S,  which  is 
secured  to  the  shaft  5  point  u  of  said  latch  catching  one  of  two  studs  t 
on  the  lower  side  of  wheel  Q.  Spring  10  holds  the  latch  in  operation. 
The  disengagement  of  the  wheel  is  effected  by  means  of  hook  w  pivoted 
to  fixed  bracket  T,  which  catches  the  tail  9  of  the  latch,  and  holds  its 
point  clear  of  the  pins  t /  but,  during  the  woolding,  the  hook  is  kept 
clear  of  the  latch,  its  tail  being  held  by  pin  y  attached  to  collai  2  on 

clasp-rod  u.  .  .  .  .  ,  u 

The  line  passes  under  the  clasp,  which,  with  its  rod,  is  raised  as  the 

woolding  proceeds.  The  position  of  the  sweep  causes  the  woolding 
to  be  wound  upwards,  and  the  weight  and  resistance  of  the  clasp, 
pressing  upon  the  line,  cause  the  coils  to  be  regularly  and  closely  laid. 
When  the  woolding  has  been  performed  to  the  desired  height,  the  wheel 
Q  is  disengaged  from  shaft  P  by  means  of  projection  3d  on  the  sic  e  of 
the  clasp  rod,  which  projection,  in  passing  catch  w,  moves  it  so  us  to 
catch  the  tail  of  latch  r.  The  machine  now  stops.  The  clasp  is  opened 
by  the  attendant,  and  the  clasp  rod  lifted  high  enough  for  the  catch  16 
to  catch  collar  17  and  support  it ;  and  the  line  is  taken  from  the  hooks 
by  the  attendant,  and  secured  at  the  termination  of  the  woolding  by  a 
half  hitch.  The  wound  line  or  hank  is  then  dropped  through  the  hollow 
of  the  pivot  L1,  and  held  by  the  clasp.  By  raising  the  pawl  K  the 

machine  is  again  started.  .  .  .  , n 

The  length  of  the  hank  can  be  varied  by  adjusting  the  brackets  M  il 

at  different  distances  apart,  the  wheels  O  O1  being  fitted  to  shaft 
with  feather  and  groove.  The  length  ot  sweep  is  adjustable  by  means 
of  slot  34  and  central  screw,  V  v  and  1 7  are  also  variable,  to  adjust 

the  length  of  woolding.  n 

Claim. - 1st.  The  sweep  composed,  as  described,  01  an  arrn  y 

attached  to  a  hollow  shaft  D,  and  carrying  a  hollow  tube  b,  which  is 
caused  by  the  revolution  of  the  shaft  to  lay  round  the  fixed  hooks  B  B 
a  line,  cord,  twist,  or  other  fabric  of  similar  character,  which  is  con¬ 
ducted  through  the  shaft  and  the  said  tube,  substantially  as  herein  set 

forth.  .  j  ,  ,  , 

2d.  So  arranging,  applying,  and  operating  the  sweep  and  the  hooks, 

around  which  it  lays  the  line  or  other  fabric,  that  the  hooks  shall  remain 
stationary,  in  a  suitable  position  to  receive  the  line  or  fabric,  white  the 
sweep  revolves  around  them;  and  that  the  hooks,  after  the  operation 
of  the  sweep  terminates,  shall  rotate  upon  axes  in  line  with  each  other, 
to  perform  the  woolding,  as  herein  fully  desciibed. 

3d.  Giving  the  tube  b  of  the  sweep  a  motion  endwise,  simultaneously 
with  its  revolution,  by  any  means  substantially  as  described,  lor  the 
purpose  of  laying  the  line  or  fabric  evenly  on  the  hooks,  and  preventing 

its  being  laid  in  heaps. 


362 


in. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


4th.  The  manner  of  disengaging  the  pulley  G,  or  it?  equivalent, 
which  drives  the  sweep  shaft,  in  order  to  stop  the  sweep  at  the  proper 
time  and  in  the  proper  position,  by  means  of  the  sliding  piece  i,  the 
lever  J,  and  the  adjustable  pin  m,  in  the  ratchet  wheel  K,  or  its  equi¬ 
valent,  deriving  motion  from  the  sweep' shaft,  all  operating  substantially 
as  herein  described. 

5th.  The  rod  U  arranged  and  operating  substantially  as  described, 
for  either  or  both  of  the  purposes  herein  set  forth,  viz  :  1st.  To  carry 
a  clasp  V  v ,  which  regulates  the  woolding.  2d.  To  carry  fins,  pins, 
or  other  projections  35  and  y,  to  operate  a  catch  w ,  or  its  equivalent, 
to  cause  the  engagement  and  disengagement  of  the  gearing  which  gives 
revolution  to  the  hooks  to  perform  the  woolding. 

6th.  The  application  to  the  clasp  of  a  catch  lever  15,  operating, sub¬ 
stantially  as  described,  to  hold  the  jaws  open  during  the  laying  opera¬ 
tion,  and  to  be  caused  to  liberate  them  by  the  falling  of  the  clasp  to 
allow  them  to  close  ready  for  the  woolding  operation. 


No.  12,845. — William  H.  Zahn,  assignor  to  F.  Reuter. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Plaiting  and  Twisting  Curd. — Patented  May  8,  1855.  (Plates, 

p.  60.) 

The  operation  of  this  apparatus  will  be  understood  from  the  figures. 

Claim . — The  within  described  arrangement  for  driving  the  flyers, 
consisting  of  the  circular  rack  /  gearing,  with  their  spur  wheels  y  y  ; 
said  rack  being  on  a  table  B,  which  has  a  central  pivot,  through  which 
the  spindle  C  of  the  flyer  frame  passes,  whereby  the  flyers  are  set  in 
operation,  whether  the  flyer  frame  or  the  table  revolves,  and  are  ena¬ 
bled  to  receive  merely  a  rotary  movement  on  their  own  axes  for  making 
twist,  or  such  rotary  movement,  combined  with  a  revolution  round  a 
common  axis.,  for  making  cord,  as  herein  fully  set  forth. 


No.  12,920. — Henry  Pearce. — Improvement  in  Cordage  Machinery. — 

Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  61.) 

The  collar  m  and  washer  n,  underneath  the  loose  spur-wheel  i ,  act 
as  a  break  or  rubber  to  the  said  wheel  by  pressure  from  below,  trans¬ 
mitted  by  the  plunger  o  passing  up  within  the  column  b  from  the 
weighted  lever  p. 

Figure  2  represents  a  section  through  the  column,  drawn  on  an 
enlarged  scale. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  a  friction  or  rubbing  collar,  operated 
by  a  plunger  passing  upward  within  the  supporting  stem  b  and  the 
weighted  lever,  as  described,  or  equivalent  devices,  tor  regulating  the 
degree  of  facility  of  rotation  of  the  bobbin  spindles. 


No.  13,564. — Samuel  W.  Brown. — Improvement  in  Machinery  for 
Cleaning  Cotton. — Patented  September  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  61.) 

M  is  the  dome  or  exhauster  and  N  the  grid,  which  prevents  the  cot¬ 
ton  from  being  drawn  off  with  the  dirt,  b  is  a  dust-pipe  which  connects 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


363 


with  a  cross-pipe  Z,  which  contains  a  rapidly  revolving  fan  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  drawing  the  dust  from  the  cotton  as  it  is  driven  along  by  the 
first  beater  E  into  the  dome.  R  are  several  sets  of  secondary  feed- 
rollers,  supported  by  the  arches  N2,  which  revolve  and  conduct  the  cot¬ 
on  from  the  dome  to  the  second  beater  F  in  several  different  place  s,  so 
that  this  beater  will  strike  and  more  thoroughly  agitate  the  fibres  of  the 
cotton. 

First.  1  claim  my  within  described  dome,  having  a  rack  or  grid  in 
die  upper  portion  of  it,  under  which  the  cotton  is  thrown  by  the  first 
beater,  in  connexion  with  the  fan  in  the  exhaust-pipe  leading  from 
die  top  of  the  dome,  for  exhausting  the  dust  from  the  cotton  as  it  is 
thrown  forwards  by  the  first  beater,  essentially  in  the  manner  and  for 
the  purposes  set  forth. 

Second.  I  claim  the  use  and  application  of  two  or  more  sets  of 
secondary  feed-rolls,  in  connexion  with  the  beaters,  which  rolls  take 
the  cotton  from  the  dome  and  deliver  it  to  the  second  beaters  in  several 
different  places,  so  as  to  completely  separate  and  agitate  the  cotton,  to 
straighten  and  even  the  fibres,  and  free  the  dirt  from  it,  essentially  in 
the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,S62. — Erastus  B.  Bigelow. — Improvement  in  Cutting  File 

Fabrics.--Psiten.ted  December  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  61.) 

b  is  the  rotating  cutter;  cl  the  double-woven  cloth  wdiich  is  to  be  di¬ 
vided  ;  d  d  delivery  rollers  ;  e  e  take-up  rollers  for  drawing  the  two 
fabrics  apart,  and  carrying  them  forward  as  the  cutting  operation  pro¬ 
ceeds. 

Claim. — The  employment  of  a  rotating  cutter,  in  combination  with 
take-up  rollers,  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set 
forth. 


No.  13,970. — John  Healey,  assignor  to  James  Bishop.— Improve- 
memt  in  Woven  Fabrics. — Patented  December  18,  1855;  in  England, 
November  17,  1846.  (Plates,  p.  61.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  consists  in  placing  the  weft-threads, 
which  cross  from  one  selvage  to  the  other,  in  a  diagonal  position,  or  at 
any  angle  more  or  less  than  a  right  angle,  with  the  warp,  making  thereby 
an  elastic  fabric  when  stretched  in  a  line  of  direction  corresponding 
with  the  shortest  diagonal  of  the  meshes. 

The  warp  runs  in  a  direction  parallel  with  A  A  or  B  B ;  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  the  weft-threads  is  represented  by  a  c.  The  inventor  states  that 
he  is  about  to  apply  for  letters  patent  for  a  loom  adapted  to  weaving 
the  fabric  described  above. 

Claim. — The  improvement  in  the  woven  fabric  described,  in  which 
the  weft  is  placed  in  a  diag  mal  position  to  the  warp. 


364 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


No.  12,343. — John  H.  Bloodgood. — Improvement  in  Manufacturing  Seam¬ 
less  Felt  Goods. — Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  61.) 

A  bat  of  felting  material  A  A  is  formed  in  every  respect  as  for  making 
ordinary  felt  cloth,  and  is  placed  upon  the  machine  called  the  felter 
between  two  linen  or  cotton  sheets.  Above  or  below  these  sheets  is 
placed  a  pattern  B  B  of  considerable  thickness,  of  the  shape  of  the 
article  required,  (the  fig.  represents  the  pattern  for  a  coat  body,)  re¬ 
ducing  so  much  of  the  pattern  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  where  a 
union  corresponding  to  a  seam  is  subsequently  to  be  effected  ;  so  that 
in  those  places  a  proper  margin  may  be  left,  which  margin,  together 
with  all  other  parts  of  the  bat  not  directly  embraced  within  the  limits 
of  the  pattern,  being  protected  from  the  action  of  the  elter,  in  conse¬ 
quence  of  the  interposition  of  the  pattern,  will  remain  nearly  unfelted 
and  soft ;  whereas  those  parts  which  are  covered  by  or  rest  upon  the 
pattern,  will  receive  the  whole  action  of  the  hardening  plate.  The  bat 
being  thus  prepared  with  soft  unfelted  margins,  the  perfect  union  of  the 
several  parts  is  effected  by  felting,  as  in  the  old  process  of  forming  hat 
bodies. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  claim  the  method  of  forming  the  various  parts 
necessary  to  the  production  of  seamless  articles  of  felt,  by  the  use  of  a 
movable  or  stationary  pattern,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes 
described. 

But  1  do  not  claim  the  manner  of  forming  the  bat,  or  of  uniting  the 
several  parts ;  as  both  are  old  and  well  known  processes. 


No.  12,863. — William  H.  Howard. — Improvement  in  Condensers  for 

Fibrous  Materials. — Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  61.) 

The  guide  plates  G  serve  to  keep  the  sliver  down  in  contact  with 
such  portion  of  the  faces  as  is  necessary  to  produce  the  desired  degree 
of  condensation.  These  plates  are  attached  to  a  series  of  levefs,  which 
work  on  fixed  fulcrums  f,  and  are  all  connected  by  a  bar  R.  The 
plates  are  bent  to  fit  to  the  sides  b  b1  of  the  discs  C  C1.  When  they  are 
in  contact  with  the  slivers,  their  curved  form  tends  to  prevent  the 
slivers  rising  between  the  discs,  and  causes  them  to  work  down  till  they 
find  a  free  place  to  move  in.  By  moving  the  bar  R  to  the  right  or  left, 
so  as  to  give  the  plates  a  greater  or  less  inclination,  the  tendency  of 
the  sliver  to  rise  is  increased  or  diminished,  and  the  condensation 
regulated. 

The  spool  F  receives  motion  by  friction  from  drum  E.  As  the 
spool  receives  the  slivers,  it  keeps  rising  in  the  vertical  guides  g  g 
on  the  framing,  until  the  spool  journals  leave  the  fixed  part  of  said  guides 
and  come  in  contact  with  the  upper  part  of  levers  A  A1,  wffiieh  form 
movable  continuations  of  the  front  part  of  said  guides.  These  levers 
are  hung  loosely  upon  the  shaft  of  drum  E,  the  weight  or  bar  N  tend¬ 
ing  to  keep  them  in  an  upright  position,  as  shown  in  full  lines  in  fig.  L 
When  the  diameter  of  the  spool  has  sufficiently  increased,  the  journals 
lift  the  catches  I,  and  the  spool  rolls  down  the  drum  E  until  it  balances 
the  bar  N,  when  an  empty  spool  is  dropped  into  the  fixed  or  lower  part 


m. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


365 


of  the  guides  g.  The  full  spool  is  then  raised  by  hand  and  held  over 
the  empty  one,  (which  now  revolves  with  the  drum,)  until  the  slivers 
lap  around  it,  and  then  it  may  be  removed. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  combination  of  the  several  parts  hereinbefore  de¬ 
scribed,  for  conducting  and  condensing  the  fibrous  material  from  the 
doffer  D  of  a  carding  engine  to  the  spool,  to  wit :  the  two  sectional 
rolls  D1  L  working  in  contact  with  each  other,  and  the  upper  one  D1 
in  contact  with  the  doffer,  for  doffing  and  conducting  the  sliver  from  the 
doffer.  The  two  series  of  convex  discs  C  C1  mounted  upon  shafts  S  S1,  in 
front  of  and  parallel  to  the  said  rolls,  with  the  guide-plate  G  to  govern  the 
position  of  the  slivers  between  the  said  discs,  for  twisting  and  con¬ 
densing  the  slivers  as  they  are  conducted  from  the  doffer  to  the  spool, 
substantially  as  herein  set  forth. 

2d.  The  manner  of  constructing  the  upper  parts  of  the  guides  g  g  of 
the  journals  of  spool  F,  to  wit :  making  the  outside  portion  thereof  form 
parts  of  levers  h  A1,  whose  operation  is  controlled  by  a  bar  or  weight 
N  and  a  catch  I,  substantially  in  the  manner  herein  described  for  the 
purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,57S. — Richard  Kitson. — Improvement  in  Machinery  for  Picking 

Fibrous  Materials. — Patented  September  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  61.) 

This  invention  refers  to  securing  the  teeth  in  the  cylinders  of 
picking  machines. 

e  e  are  the  locking  pieces  referred  to  in  the  claim. 

I  do  not  now  claim,  broadly,  the  application  of  a  fan  to  the  cylinder 
in  any  manner  ;  as  one  method  of  applying  a  fan  is  embraced  in  my 
patent  of  October  31,  1854. 

Without  claiming  here  the  use  of  a  notched  plate  for  securing  the 
teeth  to  the  cylinder,  I  claim  casting  or  forming  the  notched  plate  with 
locking  pieces,  for  the  purpose  of  entering  between  the  prongs  //of 
the  teeth,  into  the  grooves  which  are  formed  in  the  cylinder  to  receive 
the  teeth,  and  fitting  down  to  the  bottom  parts  or  crotches  g  of  the 
teeth,  and  thus  securing  them  in  place. 


No.  13,650. — Jultus  A.  Jillson  and  Henry  Whtnfield. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Apparatus  for  Washing  and  Bleaching  Fibrous  arid  Textile 
Substances. — Patented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  61.) 

The  liquid  is  placed  in  cylinder  A,  and  the  cloths  in  cylinder  E, 
the  bottom  of  which  consists  of  a  strainer  F ;  D  is  a  similar  strainer. 
By  working  the  force  pump  I,  the  cleansing  liquid  is  forced  and  rotated 
through  the  cloths,  and  the  latter  are  thereby  thoroughly  cleaned. 

Vessel  T  is  attached  (by  pipes  provided  with  stop-cocks)  to  the 
pump,  for  the  purpose  of  generating  and  passing  (by  opening  said  stop¬ 
cocks)  into  the  cylinder  A  and  E  bleaching  or  disinfecting  gases. 

Claim. — Combining  with  a  washing,  extracting,  or  receiving  chamber, 
the  double-acting  force  pump  and  the  disinfecting  or  bleaching  vessel, 
operating  substantially  as  and  for  the  puposes  set  forth. 


366 


m. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


No.  13,636. — Jean  Blanc. — Improvement  in  Preparing  Vegetable 

Fibre. — Patented  October  9,  1855. 

The  object  of  this  improvement  is  to  extract  the  fibre  from  the  woody 
substance  of  the  plants  (to  be  used  in  the  manufacture  of  cloth,  thread, 
rope,  and  paper)  without  injuring  the  fibre  as  to  its  strength  or  beauty. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  burying  the  plants  in  either  wet 
sand  or  mud,  as  described  in  the  India  process,  found  in  the  Agricultu¬ 
ral  Reports  of  the  Patent  Office  for  1854,  page  174.. 

Nor  do  I  claim  simply  rotting  the  plants,  on  end,  with  the  butts  down, 
as  described  in  the  Southern  Cultivator. 

But  I  claim  the  staking  of  the  plants,  butts  down,  in  a  pit  dug  for 
said  purpose,  and  surrounding  them  with  dry  leaves  or  straw,  with 
earth  thrown  around  the  same,  thereby  enclosing  them  entirely  on  all 
sides,  leaving  the  top  open  and  uncovered,  as  fully  set  forth. 


No.  13,380. — Leander  W.  Boynton. — Improvement  in  Machines  for 
preparing  Flock. — Patented  August  7,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  61.) 

This  improvement  consists  in  fitting  two  or  more  brushes  under  the 
screen,  and  giving  them  both  a  rotary  and  a  transverse  reciprocating 
motion,  to  brush  off  all  the  particles  of  flock  which  would  otherwise 
adhere  to  the  under  side  of  the  screen  to  prevent  clogging,  and  so  that 
the  flock  will  be  distributed  over  the  wTeb  with  entire  uniformity. 

Claim . —  The  combination  of  the  screen  a  with  the  brush  or  brushes,  as 
A  and  B,  when  the  brush  or  brushes  have  both  a  rotary  and  recipro¬ 
cating  motion,  and  the  whole  is  constructed,  combined,  and  made  to 
operate,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,132. — Asa  P.  Keith. — Improvement  in  Cotton  Gins. — Patented 

January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  62.) 

In  addition  to  the  openings  through  the  centre  of  the  brush  heads,  as 
previously  patented,  the  inventor  arranges  another  circular  opening  c 
farther  out  towards  the  circumference  of  each  head,  by  means  of  a 
slanting  cut  through  the  head,  having  its  circumference  on  the  inside  of 
the  head  larger  than  on  the  outside;  this  opening,  like  the  central  open¬ 
ing,  being  intersected  by  the  arms  d  for  the  support  of  the  outer  rim. 
This  slanting  opening  is  to  turn  the  current  of  air,  which  is  drawn  in 
by  the  rotation  of  the  brush,  outward  between  the  lags  near  their  ends 
next  to  the  ceilings  of  the  chamber ;  and  in  order  to  turn  it  still  more, 
and  regulate  its  exit  through  the  lags  forming  the  surface  of  the  brush, 
there  is  placed  a  flange  E  on  the  inside  of  the  brush  head  opposite,  the 
opening  c.  By  these  means  the  cotton  is  to  be'  discharged  cleanly  from 
the  ends  of  the  brush  into  the  lint  room,  and  not  permitted  to  choke  the 
brush  nor  be  thrown  down  on  the  floor  in  front  of  the  mote  board. 

Claim . — The  slanting  circular  openings  through  the  brush  heads,  with 
the  guide  flanches  on  the  inside,  substantially  as  described. 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE.  367 

No.  12,376. — Henry  Clark. — Improvement  in  Cotton  Gins. — Patented 

February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  62.) 

The  rollers  D  D  C  are  arranged  together  as  near  as  possible  with¬ 
out  touching  each  other,  in  contact,  howTever,  with  the  friction  roller  E 
and  the  ginning  roller  B.  As  the  axles  of  B  and  E  are  geared  together, 
and  as  the  rollers  D  D  C  are  in  contact  with  the  rollers  B  and  E,  they 
will  all  revolve  together.  The  rollers  B  and  C  seize  the  fibre,  while 
the  comb  F  opens  the  cotton,  and  the  rollers  force  the  seed  back  and 
out  of  the  way,  while  the  cotton  passes  between  the  rollers  B  and  E, 
and,  with  the  aid  ol  the  stripping  rollers  I)  D,  is  thrown  back  on  a  board 
piepared  to  receive  it. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  simply  rollers  for  ginning  cotton; 
nor  do  I  claim  the  spiral  grooved  roller  for  that  purpose,  as  it  is  contem¬ 
plated  to  use  the  large  roller  without  any  groove;  nor  do  I  claim  the 
comb  simply. 

But  I  claim  the  combination  of  a  large  ginning  roller,  either  smooth 
or  grooved,  with  a  very  small  one,  the  latter  driven  and  supported,  as 
described,  by  the  friction  rollers  and  the  large  ginning  roller,  together 
with  one  or  more  stripping  rollers  and  comb,  lor  the  purpose  of  re¬ 
moving  cotton  seed  from  the  fibre,  substantially  as  arranged  and 
described. 


No.  12,635. — James  B.  Mell. — Improvement  in  Cotton  Gins. — Patented 

April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  62.) 

The  cotton  to  be  cleaned  is  placed  in  throat  M,  and  the  roller  B 
carries  it  around  upon  card  roller  F,  the  teeth  a  inserting  themselves  in 
the  mass  of  the  cotton  and  shaking  and  separating  it  as  it  is  raised  to 
F.  The  card  teeth  on  F  raise  it  until  it  comes  in  contact  with  the 
brushes  on  G.  The  cotton  is  spread  over  the  whole  length  of  roller  F; 
but  the  seed  and  dirt,  the  inventor  states,  will  not  enter  within  the  card 
teeth,  but  are  thrown  on  the  outside  of  the  card  and  exposed  to  the 
downward  stroke  of  the  brushes  ©n  G.  The  dirt  and  seed  are  driven 
downwards  to  the  inclined  plate  J,  over  which  they  pass  and  meet  the 
cotton  passing  through  throat  M.  This  cotton  being  shaken  by  the  action 
of  B  in  raising  it,  all  the  seed  and  dirt,  not  tenaciously  adhering  to  it, 
pass  through  it. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  card  clothing  has  been  used 
with  a  rotary  brush  in  a  cotton  gin;  and  therefore,  I  do  not  claim  them 
separately  or  combined. 

1  claim  the  combination  of  the  beater  B,  card  cylinder  F,  brushes  g 
and  H,and  plate  J,  when  arranged  substantially  in  the  manner  described 
and  set  forth. 


No.  12,894.— Leonard  Campbell,  assignor  to  L.  Campbell  and 
Thos.  W.  Brown. — Improvemeiit  in  Cotton  Gins. — Patented  May  22, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  62.) 

Cylinder  F  picks  the  cotton  from  saws  a.  The  cotton  is  car¬ 
ried  around  on  said  cylinder,  and  taken  off*  by  cylinder  E.  The  ginned 


368 


HI. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


cotton  is  discharged  from  between  cylinder  E  and  concave  brush  bar  I. 
The  mote  board  J  allows  the  motes  to  pass  over  the  plane  e,  while  the 
plane  d  prevents  particles  of  cotton,  which  are  specifically  lighter,  and 
consequently  have  less  momentum,  from  passing  under  the  plane  e. 

Claim . — 1st.  The  combination  of  the  two  brush  cylinders  E  F  and 
brush  bar  I,  arranged  substantially  as  herein  shown  and  described. 

2d.  The  employment  or  use  of  the  mote  board  J,  when  constructed 
of  two  planes  d  e,  placed  at  such  angles,  or  in  such  a  relative  position 
to  each  other,  as  herein  shown  and  described. 


No.  13,131. — R.  A.  L.  McCurdy. — Improvement  in  Cotton  Gins . — Pat¬ 
ented  June  26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  62.) 

J  is  a  screen  cylinder  with  a  spiral  flanged  cylinder  I  in  its  centre. 
The  cotton  being  put  into  the  gin,  the  saws  separate  the  hulls  from  the 
cotton ;  and  as  there  is  not  room  for  them  to  pass  out  of  the  gin  with  the 
seed,  they  are  naturally  thrown  to  the  centre  of  the  box,  when  the  screen 
J  receives  them ;  the  flanged  cylinder  I  operates  on  and  conveys  them 
out  at  the  end  of  the  box.  The  seeds  being  heavy,  and  meeting  with 
no  obstruction,  pass  from  the  gin  between  the  saws  in  the  common 
way. 

Claim . — The  cylinder  screen  for  the  reception  of  the  boll,  hulls,  &c., 
and  the  continued  spiral  flanged  shaft,  arranged  inside  of  said  cylinder 
screen,  as  explained,  for  the  purpose  of  working  out  said  boll,  hulls, 
&c.,  as  explained,  or  otherwise  substantially  the  same,  and  that  will 
produce  the  intended  effect. 


No.  13.441. — John  Simpson. — Improvement  in  Cotton  Gins. — Patented 

August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  62.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  will  be  understood  from  the  claim  and 
engravings. 

Claim. — Making  the  alternate  saws  of  a  greater  diameter  than  the 
intermediate  saws,  in  order  that  no  two  adjacent  ones  may  seize  the 
same  fibres,  and  thereby  break  them;  but  at  the  same  time  to  gin  as 
completely  and  rapidly  as  if  the  saws  were  all  of  the  same  diameter. 

Also,  arranging  the  brushes,  which  sweep  the  smaller  saws  upon  al¬ 
ternate  wings,  projecting  out  from  the  centre  as  much  farther  than  the 
intermediate  wings  which  bear  the  brushes  for  sweeping  the  larger 
saws,  as  said  saws  project  beyond  the  others,  for  the  purpose  of  ren¬ 
dering  the  brushes  of  a  uniform  and  suitable  length. 

Also,  arranging  the  mote-board  I  so  as  to  slide  backward  or  forward, 
for  regulating  the  strength  and  direction  of  the  blast,  and  properly  sep¬ 
arating  the  motes  from  the  cotton;  and  also  to  be  used  as  a  lid  to  en¬ 
tirely  close  said  space,  when  the  gin  is  not  in  use,  substantially  in  the 
manner  set  forth. 


nx. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


369 


No*  13,484. —  A.  D.  Brown,  assignor  to  Margaret  L.  Brown. —  Im¬ 
provement  in  Cotton-  Gin  Saws. — Patented  August  28,  1855.  (Plates, 

p.  62.) 

The  teeth  of  the  saws  are  arranged  in  a  series  of  curves  eccentric  to 
their  axes,  or,  what  is  equivalent,  in  a  series  of  tangential  lines.  By  this 
means,  with  a  proper  arrangement  of  the  saws  relatively  to  each  other, 
it  is  rendered  impossible  for  any  two  saws  to  catch  the  same  fibres 
across  a  rib  and  thereby  cut  or  break  it. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  cotton-gin  saws  have  previous^ 
been  constructed  in  segments  of  circles;  but  I  regard  that  as  a  totally 
different  arrangement,  as  the  teeth  are  arranged  in  the  same  circle ;  and 
I  do  not  claim  any  such  arrangement. 

But  I  claim ,  arranging  the  teeth  in  a  series  of  curves  b  b  eccentric  to 
the  axis  of  the  saws,  or  what  is  equivalent,  in  a  series  of  tangential  lines, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,641. — H.  H.  Fultz.— Improvement  in  Cotton  Gins. — Patented 

October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  62.) 

The  object  of  constantly  presenting  a  fresh  surface  of  cotton  to  the 
action  of  the  saws  as  it  passes  along,  is  to  prevent  the  staple  or  fibres  of 
the  cotton  from  being  cut  by  the  saws,  and  to  cause  the  cotton  to  be 
more  perfectly  ginned. 

Claim. — Giving  the  cotton  to  be  ginned,  within  the  feed-box  and  di¬ 
rectly  over  the  saws  B,  a  spiral  or  twisting  motion  by  means  of  the 
plates  c,  or  an  equivalent  device,  so  that  the  cotton  will  pass  from  one  end 
of  the  feed-box  to  the  other,  and  have  a  fresh  surface  presented  succes¬ 
sively  to  the  action  of  the  saws  as  it  passes  over  them,  for  the  purpose 
as  shown  and  described. 


No.  13,815. — -Lewis  S.  Chichester. — Improvement  in  Cotton  Gins. — 

Patented  November  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  62.) 

b  is  the  table  on  which  are  laid  the  pods  of  cotton  to  be  ginned. 
Above  the  leather-faced  roller  c  is  placed  the  metallic  roller  g,  the  jour¬ 
nals  of  which  are  mounted  in  swinging  frame  h,  which  latter  is  pivoted 
at  i.  By  throwing  forward  this  frame,  (see  position  of  frame  represented 
in  dotted  lines,)  the  peripheries  of  the  two  rollers  will  be  separated. 

In  front  of  the  upper  roller  is  the  guard  plate  j  with  its  edge  nearly 
touching  the  periphery  of  roller  c,  and  also  a  little  distant  from  the 
upper  roller  when  thrown  forward.  The  seed  is  discharged  at  l  be¬ 
tween  the  table  and  the  plate.  A  brush  m,  as  long  as  the  rollers,  is 
attached  by  arms  n  to  the  upper  bar  of  the  swinging  frame,  and  its 
face  is  so  placed  that  when  the  frame  is  thrown  back  it  is  in  contact 
with  the  periphery  of  both  rollers. 

I  claim,  giving  to  one  or  both  of  the  rollers  of  a  roller-gin  the  separat¬ 
ing  motion,  substantially  such  as  described,  to  separate  the  rollers  for 
discharging  the  seed  after  the  fibres  have  been  separated  as  set  forth. 

I  also  claim ,  the  guard  and  discharge  plate,  substantially  such  as 
24 


370 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


described,  in  combination  with  the  two  rollers  of  a  roller-gin,  having  the 
separating  motion,  substantially  as  described  and  for  the  purpose  set 
forth. 

And  I  also  claim ,  the  cleaning  and  collecting  brush,  arranged  substan¬ 
tially  as  described,  in  combination  with  the  ginning  rollers,  substantially 
as  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,898. — Major  B.  Clarke. — Improvement  in  Machinery  for  Open - 
irig  and  Feeding  Cotton  to  the  Gin.-- Patented  December  4,  1855, 
(Plates,  p.  62.) 

The  teeth  of  the  comb  c  g  project  from  the  comb-back  g  and  from 
die  bottom  of  hopper /,  for  the  matted  cotton  to  rest  upon.  Ratchet- 
teeth  are  placed  on  one  end  of  comb-back  g,  which  are  acted  upon 
by  click  i,  and  by  means  of  which  the  comb-teeth  can  be  retained  in 
any  desired  position.  The  teeth  of  the  feeding  roller  a  pass  up  beneath 
the  teeth  of  the  comb  c  g;  consequently,  when  said  comb-teeth  are  de¬ 
pressed,  the  teeth  of  the  feeding  roller  will  have  free  access  to  the  cot¬ 
ton,  and  will  carry  large  quantities  under  the  bottom  of  gate  b ,  to  be 
operated  by  the  fanning-beater  e  in  rear  of  the  gate.  By  elevating  the 
gate,  and  depressing  the  teeth  c,  the  teeth  of  roller  a  will  be  able  to 
seize  and  carry  forward  into  the  machine  a  sufficient  quantity  of  cot¬ 
ton,  however  damp  it  may  be,  and  without  danger  of  clogging  up  the 
feeding  apparatus. 

Claim . — The  arrangement  of  the  toothed  feeding  roller  »,  the  adjust¬ 
able  gate  b ,  and  the  adjustable  comb  eg  with  each  other,  substantially 
in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,981.* — Isaac  Davis. — Improvement  in  Machinery  f&r  Whipping 

Hair. — Patented  December  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  63.) 

When  the  hair  enters  the  cylinder  at  i,  it  is  instantly  struck  by  the 
flexible  rods  a,  revolving  with  shaft  A,  and  thrown  violently  among 
the  stationary  rods  b.  If  a  lump  be  too  large  to  pass  between  the  rods, 
the  latter,  being  elastic,  will  yield  to  allow  it  to  pass  ;  and  it  will  be 
carried  round  by  a  rapid  succession  of  blows  between  the  rods,  at  the 
same  time  that  its  gravity  and  the  current  of  air  from  above  will  impel 
it  downwards,  until  finally  it  is  thoroughly  whipped  and  driven  out 
at  k.  As  the  hair  is  entangled  and  impeded  in  its  downward  course 
by  the  rods,  it  cannot  descend  as  rapidly  as  the  dust;  hence  the  latter 
is  effectually  separated  from  the  former.  The  shaft  and  rods,  rapidly 
revolving,  act  like  a  fan  and  draw  the  air  in  at  i.  The  register/,  at 
the  bottom,  may  be  opened  to  admit  air;  and  if  the  discharge  of  air  by 
the  fan  through  aperture  k  is  supplied  in  part  from  the  bottom,  it  is 
obvious  that  less  will  be  drawn  in  at  the  top.  rIhus  hair  can  be 
caused  to  be  fed  in  more  or  less  rapidly. 

Claim. — A  combination  of  a  series  of  long,  slender,  and  elastic  re¬ 
volving  rods,  with  a  similar  series  of  stationary  rods,  arranged  and 
operating  within  a  cylinder  as  set  forth,  for  the  purpose  of  whipping 
hair 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


371 


Also,  in  combination  with  the  foregoing,  a  register  in  the  bottom  per¬ 
forated  head  of  the  cylinder,  for  the  purpose  of  regulating  the  strength 
of  the  downward  current  in  the  cylinder,  and  insuring  a  due  admix¬ 
ture  of  air  with  the  whipped  hair  as  it  leaves  the  machine. 


No.  12,321. — Sidney  S.  Middlebrook,  James  B.  Blakslee,  and 

Charles  F.  Blakslee. - Improvement  in  Machinery  for  Felting  Hat 

Bodies. — Patented  January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  63.) 

Claim. — The  employment  or  use  of  the  two  beds  or  plates  E  J  cor¬ 
rugated  on  their  inner  surfaces,  substantially  as  shown,  the  upper  bed 
or  plate  E  having  an  up-and-down  and  also  a  lateral  vibratory  move¬ 
ment  given  it  by  cams  C,  or  their  equivalents,  and  the  lower  bed  J 
being  elastic  or  yielding,  for  the  purpose  of  subjecting  hat  bodies  to  a 
rolling  motion  under  requisite  pressure,  and  thereby  thoroughly  felting 
the  same,  as  described. 


No.  12, 353.— S  .  E .  Pette  e  . — Improvement  in  Pressing  Hats  and  Bonnets. — 

Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Piates,  p.  63. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  pressing  of  hats  by  machinery, 
nor  the  use  ol  heated  materials,  or  damp  cloth,  as  such. 

But  I  claim ,  the  combination  of  the  curved  heated  bed-plate  A  with 
the  roller  H,  for  the  purpose  of  pressing  hats  and  bonnets,  whereby  I 
am  enabled  to  use  a  rolling  pressure,  in  contradistinction  from  a  sliding 
pressure  given  by  smooth  irons,  or  any  other  substantially  the  same. 


No.  12,386. — William  F  uzzard. — Improvement  in  Machinery  for  Felting 

Hat  Bodies. — Patented  February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  63.) 

The  roller  C1  is  first  moved  a  suitable  distance  from  the  roller  C  by 
operating  the  screw  E,  and  the  hat  bodies  to  be  felted  are  rolled  up 
by  hand  and  placed  in  the  fold  at  the  lower  part  of  the  endless  apron 
G.  Roller  C1  is  then  moved  near  roller  C,  a  rotary  reciprocating 
motion  is  given  to  the  drum  F,  and  the  hat  bodies  receive  a  similar 
motion  within  the  apron  and  underneath  the  rollers ;  the  requisite 
pressure  is  given  the  hat  bodies  against  the  rollers  by  depressing  the 
outer  end  of  the  swinging  frame  B,  which  has  its  fulcrum  in  a. 

The  inventor  says :  1  do  not  claim  the  corrugated  rollers  C  C1 
separately  ;  for  they  have  been  previously  used,  although  differently 
arranged  from  those  described. 

But  I  claim ,  the  employment  or  use  of  the  corrugated  rollers  C  C1, 
placed  in  a  swinging-frame  B,  in  combination  with  the  endless  apron 
G,  the  above  parts  constructed,  arranged,  and  operating  in  the  manner 
and  for  the  purposes  as  herein  shown  and  described. 


372 


in. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


No.  13,005. — Lansing  E.  Hopkins. — Improvement  in  the  Process  of 

Manufacturing  Hats. — Patented  June  5,  1855. 

The  inventor  says  in  his  specification  : 

The  liar  having  been  cleaned  by  blowing  in  the  usual  manner,  I  pro¬ 
ceed  to  iorm  a  bat  or  hat  body,  or  what  in  some  cases  is  termed  a  shell. 
In  this  process  I  arrange  a  solid-surfaced  fixed  cone  upon  its  stationary 
table,  and  around  it  an  annular  ring  or  revolving  table  closely  fitting 
the  same,  to  avoid  escape  of  steam;  and  upon  this  revolving  ring  or  table 
is  a  cone  perfectly  solid  upon  its  conic  surface,  but  having  its  base 
upon,  so  that  it  may  set  over  and  cover,  the  stationary  steam  cone, 
(which  is  the  inner  one,)  and  is  fixed  to  the  table.  The  outer  cone  is 
perfectly  smooth  upon  its  outward  or  conic  surface,  is  not  perforated, 
and  depends  upon  the  wetted  surface  to  retain  the  fur  upon  it  when  it 
is  revolving.  I  convey  a  body  of  hot  steam  into  the  interior  of  the 
stationary  cone;  this  impinges  against  the  cone  so  as  to  heat  it,  and  thus 
the  space  between  it  and  the  revolving  cone,  which  causes  the  fur  to 
dry  to  a  sufficient  degree  to  harden  it,  so  that  it  may  be  handled  and 
removed  from  the  smooth  cone  without  the  use  of  any  inlayer,  and 
also  dispense  with  the  necessity  of  dipping  in  hot  water  lor  the  purpose 
of  hardening,  so  that  it  may  be  handled.  Having  set  the  revolving  cone 
in  motion,  I  apply  a  jet  of  steam  to  impinge  against  the  outer  surface  and 
dampen  it.  This  1  effect  by  means  of  pipes  so  arranged  as  to  cause 
every  part  of  the  surface  of  the  cone  to  receive  a  like  amount  of  pressure 
and  dampness  from  the  steam. 

In  the  common  way  of  conveying  in  delivering  fur  to  the  cone,  where 
hats  are  formed  by  machines,  I  deliver  the  fur  to  the  solid  cone,  except 
that  the  mouth  of  the  delivering  chamber  is  to  be  regulated  so  as  to 
deliver  the  fur  in  greater  or  less  quantities  on  given  points  or  parts  ol  the 
cone,  at  the  will  of  the  operator;  so  that  the  fur  may  be  deposited,  as  in 
the  operation  of  feeding  by  hand  in  case  of  hand-made  hats,  more  at 
the  bottom  or  brim,  and  less  aUthe  top  of  the  cone  or  tip  of  the  hat. 
The  pipes  of  steam  are  attached  to  the  adjustable  wings  of  the  mouth¬ 
piece,  so  as  to  move  with  and  be  regulated  by  them,  and  are  of  peculiar 
construction  adapted  for  the  purpose. 

Part  2d.  This  part  of  my  newly  invented  process  of  making  hat 
bodies,  relates  to  the  bringing  of  the  hat  down  to  the  desired  size,  and  is 
called  sizing  or  planking  hat  bodies.  Although  several  machines  have 
been  attempted  for  the  purpose,  nothing  as  yet  has  proved  fully  com¬ 
pile,  with  sufficient  economy  to  induce  their  general  introduction. 

This  machine  is  a  semi-circular  concave,  having  a  beater  with  a 
vibrating  motion,  whose  operating  face  is  corrugated,  although  it  may 
be  used  plain  ;  it  has,  besides,  a  continuous  and  endless  apron,  peculiar 
in  its  construction,  and  this  runs  over  a  friction  roller  which  causes  it  to 
continually  advance  in  the  desired  direction.  At  the  bottom  of  the 
concave  box  or  receiver  I  place  a  small  quantity  of  water,  just  sufficient 
to  immerge  the  bags  of  hats ;  I  then  introduce  at  the  bottom,  and 
underneath  the  body  of  water,  a  jet  of  steam,  which  is  to  heat  the  water 
to  boiling.  I  shall  now  take  a  number  of  hats,  from  one  to  twenty- 
four  dozen,  be  the  same  more  or  less ;  these  I  introduce  into  bags 
properly  confined,  so  that  they  may  be  readily  withdrawn  from  the 


m. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


373 


water,  there  being  perhaps  one  or  two  dozen  in  a  bag.  These  bags  I 
place  within  the  revolving  apron,  and  between  the  corrugated  beater 
and  concave  of  the  box  within  the  boiling  water.  I  then  set  the  beater 
in  motion,  jointly  with  the  roller  carrying  the  apron,  when  the  back 
and  forward  motion  of  the  beater  beats  up  the  bag  of  hats,  and  the 
onward  motion  of  the  apron  keeps  the  several  bags  in  continous  revolu¬ 
tion,  and  the  beater  is  constantly  and  rapidly  knocking  them  up  against 
the  side  ot  the  concave  box.  I  next  take  out  the  bag  of  hats  and  croze 
them  in  the  same  manner  as  hand  and  machine  formed  hats  usually  are, 
that  is,  fold  each  one  where  it  is  too  much  fulled,  and  expose  them 
where  lulling  is  most  required ;  and  this  is  repeated  as  often  as  is 
necessary,  until  the  hat  is  brought  into  the  desired  size,  when  it  is  forwarded 
to  the  next  part  of  the  process  presently  to  be  described.  In  this,! 
begin  by  light  blows  upon  the  bags  of  hats,  and  increase  the  force  and 
motion  of  the  beater  as  the  state  of  hardness  requires,  until  the  operation 
has  completed  the  sizing  of  the  hats. 

Part  3d.  This  relates  to  the  sticking,  scalding,  and  beating  up  of 
hats.  After  the  hat  has  been  sized,  as  herein  before  stated,  it  is  dried; 
when  it  is  shaved  or  singed  in  the  usual  manner  by  hand.  If  it  is  a 
felt  hat,  is  then  stiffened,  formed  into  its  proper  shape,  and  dyed.  If 
it  is  to  be  a  napped  hat,  it  is  to  be  treated  in  the  like  manner,  when 
it  is  again  immersed  in  hot  water;  this  will  cause  the  fur  to  adhere  to  it. 
I  now  place  the  body  upon  a  wooden  or  other  solid  cone,  and  give 
it  a  revolving  motion.  (Next  a  chamberfor  the  delivery  of  fur,  having  its 
regulated  mouth  and  steam  jet,  as  described  in  the  forming  machine  in 
the  first  part  of  this  specification,  is  brought  into  use.)  The  steam  is  then 
let  upon  the  body,  and  the  fur,  prepared  in  the  usual  manner,  is  thrown 
in  upon  the  cone,  where  it  adheres,  until  the  quantity  of  nap  is  put  upon 
the  bat  which  is  desired.  The  hats  will  have  to  be  turned  as  in  the 
band  process,  for  the  purpose  of  napping  the  under  side  of  the  brim. 

I  now  proceed  to  my  new  process  of  nesting  up,  which  is  as  follows: 
I  make  a  soft  bag  or  cone  of  sponge  or  other  suitable  material,  and 
upon  it  place  a  flannel  cloth,  upon  the  top  of  which  I  place  a  hat  upon 
which  the  nap  has  been  stuck,  and  upon  this  another  flannel  cloth, 
and  then  another  hat,  and  so  on,  until  I  get  the  desired  number  of  hats 
packed  or  nested;  this  may  be  more  or  less,  from  one  dozen  to  twenty 
dozen  in  a  nest.  They  are  now  ready  for  scalding  in,  which  is  per¬ 
formed  as  follows,  viz  :  A  cylinder  of  wire  cloth,  or  perforated  metal, 
is  provided,  and  is  fixed  so  that  one  of  its  ends  can  be  removed,  so  as  to 
introduce  the  cylinder  or  nest  of  hats ;  this  perforated  cylinder  is  arranged 
so  as  to  have  journals  upon  each  of  its  ends  or  heads,  upon  which  it  may 
revolve.  The  hats  thus  nested  are  then  put  into  the  cylinder,  the  last  being 
considerably  larger  in  its  interior  than  the  nest  is  on  its  exterior,  so  that 
the  rolling  of  the  metal  cylinder  will  cause  the  nest  of  the  hats  to  roll  in  an 
opposite  direction.  I  next  provide  a  steam-tight  box,  having  the  neces¬ 
sary  journal  boxes,  and  at  or  near  its  bottom  introduce  a  jet  of  steam  to 
the  desired  heat  and  pressure.  I  also  have  a  slop-cock  near  the  bottom 
of  this  box,  by  which  any  water  which  will  become  condensed  may  be 
drawn  off*;  as  contact  with  water  might  tend  to  wash  the  nap  from  the 
body.  All  this  being  provided,  I  give  to  the  perforated  cylinder  a 
rocking  motion  to  and  fro,  while  in  the  confined  steam-box,  and  this  is 


374 


m. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


to  be  continued  during  the  option  of  the  operator,  and  until  the  nap  is 
thoroughly  scalded  in. 

My  plan  of  “beating  up  naps”  is  much  like  the  hand  process  of 
accomplishing  the  same  result.  I  provide  a  table  or  plank,  as  it  is 
termed  by  the  trade,  the  plank  part  resting  upon  a  bed-piece,  and 
having  a  water-tight  box  around  it,  something  larger  than  the  plank 
itself;  to  this  bed  I  give  a  slow  reciprocating  motion  to  the  extent 
of  about  its  own  length,  so  that  it  will  move  to  and  fro  under  the  beaters. 
The  beaters  consist  of  a  row  of  thin  sticks  placed  in  a  line,  in  a  rocking 
shaft,  so  that  they  will  beat  down  upon  the  hats  or  table  at  each  rock  of 
the  shaft ;  that  is,  they  rise  and  fall  as  the  shaft  rocks.  A  quantity  of  hot 
water  is  placed  in  the  box,  just  sufficient  to  float  over  the  top  of  the 
plank,  when  in  this  and  upon  the  plank  are  placed  the  napped  hats.  A 
jet  of  steam  is  then  let  into  the  water  to  keep  it  hot;  a  stop-cock  being 
also  provided  by  which  to  draw  off  the  surplus  water.  All  this  being 
arranged,  the  beater  is  put  in  motion,  beating  down  upon  the  table,  and 
meanwhile  the  plank,  having  been  covered  with  hats,  is  also  put  in 
motion  backwards  and  forwards ;  thus  the  hats  are  continually  being 
beat  during  the  option  of  the  operator,  until  the  operation  is  complete, 
and  the  hats  are  sufficiently  cleaned. 

I  do  net  claim  the  principle  of  manipulating  while  under  water  for 
the  purpose  of  working  in  the  nap,  or  for  trie  purpose  of  beating  up 
the  nap,  as  referred  to,  and  before  patented. 

But  I  claim ,  a  complete  hat  body  by  means  of  the  manipulations  and 
process  described,  including  the  forming,  felting,  or  sizing,  and  the 
sticking,  scalding  in,  and  beating  up  of  naps,  without  regard  to  the 
peculiar  machinery  which  may  be  used  to  produce  the  combined  result 
of  beating,  or  otherwise  manipulating  in  hot  water,  for  the  purpose  of 
manufacturing  a  hat  by  a  complete' and  continous  range  of  mechanical 
operations,  as  a  substitute  for  the  dipping  and  rubbing  on  a  plank  by 
band,  as  described. 


No.  13,013. — Andrew  Rankin. — Improvement  in  the  Manufacture  of 

Hats. — Patented  June  5,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  63.) 

The  scalding  chest  c  contains  a  cradle  c1,  which  latter  runs  on  wheels 
on  the  bottom  of  the  said  chest.  The  cradle  is  provided  with  a  set 
of  rollers  d,  around  each  of  which  rollers  two  hat  bodies  are  rolled  and 
fastened;  the  envelopements  rest  on  the  bottom  of  the  chest,  and  are 
rolled  on  it  as  the  cradle  moves  to  and  fro.  Above  the  cradle,  and  rest¬ 
ing  on  the  rolls  of  hat  bodies,  the  board /is  placed,  which  is  to  operate 
similarly  to  the  human  hand.  This  board  /  is  suspended  on  the  road 
(rider)  e,  which  is  allowed  to  slide  up  and  down  on  rods  h  h,  by  which 
means  the  rider  is  always  kept  parallel  with  the  botto*m  of  the  chest, 
and  the  board  or  hand  f  (being  free  to  vibrate  horizontally)  is  constantly 
kept  level.  The  hand  is  worked  by  a  vertical  lever  i,  the  fulcrum  pin 
i1  of  which  (inserted  in  one  of  the  several  fulcrum  holes)  slides  freely 
between  guide  posts  k  k ,  so  as  to  follow  the  horizontal  motion  of  the 
hand,  and  permit  it  to  bear  its  whole  weight  upon  the  rolls  of  hat  bodies. 
A  pitman  l  serves  to  vibrate  the  lever.  To  raise  the  hats  out  of  the 
water  in  the  chest,  the  cradle  is  attached  to  the  hand  by  four  cords  ; 


m. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


375 


and  by  means  of  a  fail  attached  to  the  upper  end  of  lever  t,  the  whole 
can  be  lifted  above  the  water  into  the  position  represented  in  the 
engraving. 

Claim . — The  employment  of  the  rider  for  controlling  the  action  of 
the  hand,  constructed  and  arranged  substantially  as  specified,  and  in 
combination  therewith  the  upright  lever  with  movable  fulcrum  for 
operating  the  same. 

Also,  uniting  the  hand  f  and  cradle  by  cords,  whereby  the  hats  are 
readily  raised  out  of  water  to  be  handled,  and  the  cradle  is  held  in  place 
to  receive  a  new  set  of  rollers. 


No.  13,304. — Phineas  Emmons. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  Sizing 

Hat  Bodies. — Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  63.) 

The  hat  bodies  rolled  up  and  wetted  (by  dipping  them  into  the  first 
compartment  of  water-box  A)  are  placed  at  the  edge  of  throat  c  on 
partition  B,  and  are  rolled  against  the  face  of  the  revolving  disc  D, 
which  immediately  carries' it  around  with  it  and  through  the  water  and 
out  at  the  opposite  side,  where  it  is  deposited  on  the  table  M  compara¬ 
tively  dry,  in  consequence  of  the  pressure  applied  to  the  hat  bodies 
between  the  disc  face  and  the  face  of  the  partition  B,  by  means  of  a 
weighted  lever  H  acting  against  the  collar  K  of  the  disc  shaft. 

Clainu — The  water-box,  having  the  partition  or  graduated  pressure 
board  therein,  in  combination  with  the  vertical  disc  wheel,  having  a 
ribbed  or  corrugated  face  and  self-adjusting  weighted  levers,  the  same 
being  made  and  combined  substantially  as  set  forth.  ' 


No.  13,613. — Peter  Arxeson,  Jorgen  Pederson,  and  Hans  Rees. — 
Improvement  in  Preparing  Materials  for  Hat  Bodies . — Patented  Octo¬ 
ber  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  63.) 

The  delivering  boards  k  (which  form  the  spaces  in  feed  box  B,  for  the 
reception  of  the  various  kinds  of  fur  or  other  materials  used  for  manu¬ 
facturing  hat  bodies)  can  be  set  at  different  distances  so  as  to  propor¬ 
tion  properly  the  relative  quantities  of  the  materials.  The  serrated 
plate  and  rollers  e  C  and  D  serve  to  loosen  the  fibres  of  the  materials, 
and  to  draw  the  same  from  the  feed-box  into  the  draught  or  blast  pas¬ 
sage,  at  the  same  time  preventing  the  admission  of  large  foreign  sub¬ 
stances  into  the  machine.  Figure  1  represents  a  vertical  longitudinal, 
and  figure  2  a  vertical  cross  section. 

The  inventors  say:  We  do  not  claim  the  shell  F  and  conical  head 
g  separately;  nor  do  we  claim  the  box  H  separately ;  for  they  have  been 
previously  used. 

We  claim ,  first.  The  combination  with  a  feed-box,  having  adjustable 
partitions  therein,  so  that  the  material  to  be  used  may  be  proportioned  in 
quantity  in  its  different  apartments;  the  machinery  for  taking  it  there¬ 
from,  and  thoroughly  mixing  it  in  said  proportions,  preparatory  to  its 
being  used  in  hat  bodies,  as  described. 

Second.  We  claim,  the  combination  of  the  two  cylinders  C  D  and 
plate  e,  constructed  as  shown,  viz :  The  cylinder  C,  having  serrated 


376 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


plates  l  attached  to  its  periphery,  and  the  plate  e  provided  with  a  ser¬ 
rated  edge,  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

Third.  We  claim,  the  combination  of  the  box  H  with  the  endless 
apron  J;  the  shell  F  and  conical  head  G,  with  the  wings  or  blades 
g  at  its  end,  whereby  the  materials  are  thoroughly  mixed  and  dis¬ 
charged  from  the  machine  in  a  loose  and  light  state,  and  may  be 
delivered,  without  handling,  to  the  next  machine. 


No.  13,614. — Peter  Arneson,  Jorgen  Pederson,  and  Hans  Rees. — 

Improvement  in  Machine  for  Manufacturing  Hat  Bodies. — Patented 

October  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  64.) 

By  adjusting  the  plate  b,  the  feed  of  the  material  may  be  regulated. 
The  cylinder  D  takes  the  material  from  feed* cylinder  C,  and  throws  it 
upon  the  horizontal  part  of  apron  F,  which  latter  carries  it  to  the  rollers 
g  g,  between  which  it  passes  on  to  cylinder  h ,  which  latter  carries  it 
around  upon  the  next  apron  H,  and  so  on  through  a  number  of  rollers 
g  h  and  aprons  H  (the  engraving  represents  only  one  set  of  them).  The 
material,  in  being  carried  around  by  rollers  A,  is  sufficiently  loosened  to 
allow  the  hair,  which  is  mixed  with  the  fur,  to  fall  upon  the  shaking 
screens  I1,  (the  hair  being  heavier  than  the  fur,)  and  through  the  screens 
into  boxes  I;  while  any  good  fur  which  may  have  escaped  the  rollers  h 
will  (in  consequence  of  its  light  loose  state)  not  pass  through  the  screen, 
but  will  pass  down  between  the  boxes  I  upon  apron  E,  which  carries 
it  up  between  the  two  inner  sides  of  aprons  E  F,  and  deposites  it  again 
upon  the  horizontal  portion  of  apron  F.  The  cylinder  z  takes  the  ma¬ 
terial  and  throws  it  into  the  conductors  X  X,  and  a  blast  throws  the  ma¬ 
terial  on  the  hat  formers  R.  The  outer  ends  of  the  conductors  can  be 
inclined  by  adjusting  frames  Y,  so  as  to  correspond  with  the  obliquity 
of  the  faces  of  the  formers;  and  the  mouth  of  the  conductor  can  be  con¬ 
tracted  or  enlarged  at  any  point  by  set-screw's  g1,  so  as  to  throw  more 
or  less  fur  on  certain  parts  of  the  formers. 

The  inventors  say  :  We  do  not  claim  the  boxes  I,  screens  P,  cylinders 
k,  and  rollers  g ,  for  they  have  been  previously  used  ;  neither  do  we  claim 
the  formers  R,  nor  the  fans  P,  for  they  also  have  been  used. 

But  we  claim ,  first.  The  combination  of  the  endless  aprons  E  F, 
cylinders  C  D,  and  plate  A,  and  brush  cylinder  G,  arranged  substan¬ 
tially  as  shown,  for  the  purpose  of  feeding  the  material  in  a  proper  state 
to  the  series  of  cylinders  h  and  the  formers  R. 

Second.  We  claim,  the  weighing  apparatus  formed  of  the  levers  t  t9 
ring  v,  and  weight  z,  or  constructed  in  any  other  way  when  the  weigh¬ 
ing  apparatus  is  so  arranged,  that  the  former,  while  in  motion,  and  the 
fur  is  being  thrown  upon  it,  may  rest  upon  the  weighing  apparatus,  and 
the  former,  exhaust,  aud  fur,  by  their  weight,  counterbalance  or  raise 
the  weight  Z,  when  the  proper  quantity  of  fur  has  been  thrown  upon 
the  former  to  form  a  hat  body. 

Third.  We  claim,  the  guide  or  conductors  X  X,  constructed  of  India 
rubber,  and  provided  with  the  adjustable  frames  Y  Y  at  their  outer  ends; 
said  frames  being  provided  with  set-screws  g1,  and  arranged  substan¬ 
tially  as  described  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


377 


Fourth.  We  claim,  the  employment  or  use  of  the  slide  or  cut-off  W, 
and  the  movable  bed-piece  or  platform  T,  operated  automatically  as 
shown,  or  in  any  equivalent  way,  for  the  purpose  of  regulating  the  blast 
and  stopping  the  supply  of  fur  to  the  formers,  as  described. 


No.  13,698. — Wm.  W.  Cumberland. — Improvement  in  Felting  Hat 

Bodies. — Patented  October  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  64.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claims 
and  engravings.  * 

The  inventor  says:  I  claim,  first.  The  arrangement  and  combination, 
in  the  manner  substantially  as  set  forth,  of  the  hollow  cone  F,  and  solid 
cone  G  placed  within  it;  the  large  ends  of  said  cones  being  uppermost, 
having  a  wedging  space  between  them  of  a  proper  size  and  angle, 
whereby  the  hat  body,  placed  between  them  in  the  wedging  space,  will 
tend  to  tighten  itself  by  its  own  weight  in  the  space  as  it  is  rolled  be¬ 
tween  the  cones,  as  fully  set  forth. 

Second.  The  combination  and  arrangement,  in  the  manner  substan¬ 
tially  as  described,  of  the  reciprocating  yielding  roller  frames  L  L  with 
the  table  B,  one  of  them  having  such  a  motion  around  the  shaft  D  as 
to  croze  or  change  the  position  of  the  hat  body  by  the  friction  of  the 
rollers  upon  the  hat  body  upon  one  side,  and  the  friction  of  the  hat  body 
on  the  table  on  the  other  side. 

Third.  The  combination  of  the  weights  K  K,  the  roller  frames  L  L, 
levers  I  I  and  J  J,  and  the  points  j  j  attached  to  the  cone  F  for  the 
purpose  of  lifting  the  weight  of  the  cone  F,  and  thus  diminishing  the 
friction  of  it  upon  the  collar  of  the  shaft  D,  on  which  it  rests  below. 

Fourth.  I  do  not  claim  felting  hat  bodies  by  means  of  rubbing 
surfaces  carrying  a  roll  between  them,  nor  by  means  of  an  elastic  cone 
carrying  a  roll. 

But  I  claim  as  my  invention,  partially  felting  hat  bodies,  enclosed,  in 
their  more  tender  state,  in  a  hollow  elastic  cone  of  vulcanized  India 
rubber,  or  other  suitable  material,  lined  with  cloth  ;  the  larger  and  upper¬ 
most,  in  which  the  hat  body  is  placed  in  an  open  conical  form,  corres¬ 
ponding  to  that  of  the  cone  by  means  of  a  process  of  bending  or  crimp¬ 
ing,  produced  by  the  revolution  of  the  elastic  cone  between  two  sur¬ 
faces  at  a  less  distance  from  each  other  than  the  diameter  of  the  cone, 
but  not  so  near  to  each  other  as  to  cause  the  sides  of  the  hat  body 
within  it  to  rub  against  each  other,  or  the  hat  body  to  form  itself  into 
a  roll. 


No.  13,963. — Isaac  Se arles. — Improvement  in  Felting  Hat  Bodies. — 

Patented  December  IS,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  64.) 

Fig.  2  represents  a  bottom  view  of  one  of  the  planking  tables  D,  two 
of  which  are  shown  in  fig.  1.  C  is  a  cone  covered  with  a  woollen  pad. 
The  cone  is  first  covered  with  a  body  and  then  a  cloth,  then  another 
body  and  another  cloth,  and  so  forth,  and  is  finally  wrapped  up  in  a 
proper  covering.  The  cone,  with  its  contents,  is  then  placed  into  the 
tub,  as  represented  in  fig.  1.  Water  and  steam  are  then  admitted,  and 
the  bed  B  revolved,  when  the  whole  circumference  of  the  cone  will  be 


378 


in. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


brought  into  contact  with  the  grooved  surface  of  B.  The  bodies  are 
then  taken  off  the  cone,  rolled  up,  and  placed  under  the  planking  tables 
D,  a  sufficient  number  of  times  to  thoroughly  finish  the  operation  of 
planking  and  sizing. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  construction  of  a  wooden 
cone,  or  of  a  set  of  planking  tables  having  their  lower  faces  grooved 
separately;  nor  yet  the  construction  of  a  horizontal  revolving  bed  inside 
of  a  tube. 

I  claim ,  the  combination  of  the  circular  revolving  bed  B,  with  one  or 
more  planking  tables,  and  one  or  more  cones,  constructed  and  opera¬ 
ting  substantially  as  descrihed. 


No.  12,456. — D.  W.  Hughes. — Improvement  in  Hemp  Brakes. — Patented 

February  27,,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  64.) 

The  unbroken  material  is  placed,  while  breaker  C  is  drawn  back 
(breaker  C  being  reciprocated  by  a  pitman  L)  across  the  blunt  edges 
of  breakers  B  B,  which  are  brought  closer  together  or  farther  apart  (see 
dotted  lines  in  fig.  2)  by  means  of  treadle  J  and  cord  G,  (the  opera¬ 
tion  of  which  parts  is  apparent  from  the  engraving,)  according  as  the 
material  is  finer  or  coarser.  The  action  of  C,  by  driving  the  material 
against  and  between  B  B,  cracks  and  breaks  up  the  wood.  As  the 
operation  progresses,  the  operator  gradually  presses  down  the  treadle 
to  make  B  B  approach  each  other ;  and  as  the  fibre  is  divested  of 
woody  matter,  it  is  allowed  to  be  driven  by  breaker  C  further  in  be¬ 
tween  B  B.  When  the  operation  is  finished,  the  operator  raises  his 
foot  from  the  treadle,  and  the  springs  F  throw  apart  the  breakers  B  B. 

Claim. — Arranging  and.  applying  the  breakers  B  B  so  that  they  may 
be  brought,  while  the  machine  is  in  operation,  to  the  proper  distance 
apart,  to  suit  the  nature  of  the  material  to  be  operated  upon,  and  may 
be  caused  to  approach  each  other  or  nearer  to  the  line  of  operation  of 
their  corresponding  breaker  C,  as  the  operation  progresses,  substan¬ 
tially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,472. — George  D.  Allen. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  Clean¬ 
ing  Sisal  Hemp  and  Stripping  Seed  from  Broom  Corn. — Patented 
March  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  65.) 

The  lever  M  being  depressed  by  the  foot  of  the  operator,  so  as  to 
allow  the  prongs  to  spring  open,  the  leaves  are  inserted  between  the 
prongs.  The  foot  then  being  raised,  the  weight  O  and  levers  G  G 
close  the  prongs  upon  the  leaves  whilst  they  are  drawn  through,  when 
the  lever  may  again  be  depressed  and  the  operation  repeated.  To 
remove  the  seed  from  broom-corn,  the  operator  seizes  the  butt  ends,  and 
inserts  the  brush  ends  between  the  prongs,  and  draws  it  through,  so  as 
to  pull  off  the  seed. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  prongs  C,  arranged  substantially  as 
described,  with  the  spring-levers  G  G,  or  their  equivalents,  constructed 
and  operated  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE.  379 

No.  12,896. — Robert  Cushman. — Improvement  in  the  Stop-motion  of 

Knitting  Machines. — Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  65.) 

The  pinion  L,  which  (gearing  into  L1)  revolves  the  needle  disc  D, 
is  fast  on  shaft  L2,  to  the  outer  end  of  which  is  fastened  the  toothed 
clutch  N.  The  corresponding  clutch  N1  is  attached  to  the  driving 
pulley  O,  which  revolves  freely  on  the  shaft  when  the  clutches  are  out 
of  gear.  The  fork  a ,  at  the  end  of  traversing  bar  P,  serves  to  set  the 
clutches  into  or  out  of  gear,  which  can  be  done  by  means  of  hand- 
lever  Q.  The  bar  being  left  free  to  the  action  of  spring  R,  the  clutches 
will  be  separated,  and  the  interior  portion  S1  of  the  friction  clutch  S1  S 
(which  is  attached  to  fork  a)  will  be  forced  into  the  part  S,  which  is 
fast  on  shaft  L2,  and  the  machine  will  be  stopped  instantly.  An  up¬ 
right  rock-shaft  b ,  which  has  its  bearing  in  standard  U,  has  on  its  under 
end  an  arm  c,  which  (when  the  clutches  N  N1  are  in  contact)  catches 
into  notch  d  in  the  end  of  bar  P,  and  is  held  there  (by  means  of  spring 
e)  while  the  machine  is  in  motion.  The  lever/is  fitted  to  vibrate 
freely  in  the  upper  end  of  rock-shaft  b ,  and  is  provided  at  one  end  with 
a  plate  h ,  which  rests  upon  the  ends  of  levers  i  i 1  /,  so  as  to  be  raised 
by  either  of  them  and  carry  the  lever  /between  the  teeth  of  gear  L, 
and  turn  the  rock-shaft  b ,  so  as  to  release  arm  c  from  the  notch,  and 
allow  spring  R  to  act  and  stop  the  machine. 

If  the  fabric  is  imperfect,  or  one  or  more  stitches  are  dropped,  the 
finger  W  catches  into  the  fabric  and  is  moved  by  it,  so  as  to  turn  shaft 
V2  and  vibrate  arm  W1,  thereby  releasing  lever/,  and  raising  lever /, 
and  thus  stopping  the  machine,  as  above  described.  The  post  x 
supports  the  bars  l  l  and  n  n,  between  which  bars  the  yarn  passes,  as 
it  enters  the  machine,  under  the  hooks  on  the  outer  ends  of  the  levers 
i  and  i1,  so  as  to  hold  them  up,  so  long  as  the  yarn  runs  in  properly; 
but  if  one  of  the  yarns  breaks,  so  as  to  let  the  hook  and  lever  fall,  the 
opposite  end  of  the  lever  raises  lever /,  and  the  machine  is  stopped,  as 
above  described. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  claim ,  1st.  The  finger  W,  placed  in  contact 
with,  and  resting  against,  the  fabric,  so  arranged  that  when  the  fabric 
is  too  imperfect  to  support  the  finger  W,  it  will  vibrate  and  stop  the 
machine,  substantially  in  the  manner  described. 

2d.  I  am  aware  that  an  apparatus  has  been  applied  to  knitting  ma¬ 
chines  to  throw  off  or  release  the  driving  power,  when  the  yarn  sup¬ 
plied  to  the  machine  broke  or  run  out,  so  as  to  allow  the  machine  to 
stop.  Therefore,  I  do  not  claim,  broadly,  the  application  of  a  stop- 
motion  for  that  purpose,  when  used  without  a  friction  or  other  clutch, 
to  stop  ihe  machine  instantly  when  the  driving  power  is  released;  but 
I  do  claim  the  lever /,  actuated  by  the  levers  i  and  i1,  in  combination 
with  the  rock-shaft  b,  and  the  friction  clutch  S  and  S1,  when  arranged 
and  operated  substantially  in  the  manner  described,  so  that  the  in¬ 
stant  the  thread,  or  one  of  the  threads,  breaks,  the  motion  of  the  ma¬ 
chine  is  arrested. 


380 


m. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


No.  12,933. — Jonas  B.  Aiken,  assignor  to  Jonas  B.  Aiken  and  Her- 

rick  Aiken. —  Improvement  in  Knitting  Machines. — Patented  May  22, 

1855.  (Plates,  p.  65.) 

This  improvement  is  intended  to  obviate  a  difficulty  existing  in  ma¬ 
chines  as  heretofore  constructed,  where  the  latches  frequently  rebound 
and  rest  upon  the  hook  or  barb  of  the  needle,  which  is  thereby  closed 
at  a  time  when  it  should  be  open  to  receive  the  yarn.  A  is  the  needle 
latch  regulator,  the  points  a  a 1  entering  the  barb  of  the  needle  and 
throwing  the  latch  over  upon  the  shank ;  the  hole  c ,  for  the  passage  of 
the  yarn,  being  made  through  the  arm  B  which  carries  the  regulator- 
The  latch,  e  will  be  held  down  by  the  regulator  until  the  yarn  is  laid 
into  the  hook. 

The  inventor  says:  1  do  not  confine  myself  to  the  exact  form  anil 
construction  herein  described,  but  intend  to  make  such  variations  there¬ 
in  as  may  be  found  necessary  to  accommodate  the  latch  opener  to  the 
various  machines  to  which  it  may  be  found  applicable. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  needle  latch  regulator,  constructed  and  operating 
in  the  manner  substantially  as  herein  described  and  for  the  purpose 
set  forth. 

2d.  The  needle  latch  regulator,  in  combination  with  the  yarn  carrier, 
operating  substantially  as  herein  set  forth. 


No.  13,165. — Thos.  Fowler. — Improvement  in  Knitting  Machines . — Pat¬ 
ented  July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  66.) 

A  detailed  description  of  this  machine  would  take  up  too  much  room 
to  be  given  here.  Its  general  features  will  be  understood  from  the 
claims  and  engravings. 

The  inventor  says  :  The  distinguishing  characteristics  of  my  improve¬ 
ments  in  rotary  knitting  machines  for  making  ribbed  work,  are  ex¬ 
pressed  or  indicated  in  the  following  statement  of  what  I  claim. 

1st.  I  claim  combining  a  revolving  radiating  series  of  horizontal  fixed 
hooked  needles,  and  a  series  of  vertical  movable  hooked  needles,  that  are 
so  operated  within  and  by  a  revolving  slotted  cylinder,  or  its  equivalent, 
and  by  cams,  as  described,  that  the  two  series  of  needles  shall  operate 
together,  and  with  one,  or  more  than  one,  set  of  appliances,  each  con¬ 
sisting  of  one  sinker  and  two  pressers,  and  make  cylindrical  ribbed 
work,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

2d.  I  claim  combining  and  arranging  the  set  of  movable  needles 
with  the  revolving  slotted  cylinder,  and  one,  or  more  than  one,  set  of 
stationary  cams,  each  set  consisting  of  the  cam  E  and  a  depression 
and  an  elevation  in  the  cam  ring  D,  as  described ;  so  that  the  movable 
needles  shall  be  successively  carried  outward  to  cast  off  the  old 
stitches  from  the  radial  needles,  and  then  downwards  to  cast  off  the 
old  stitches  from  themselves,  and  finally,  upward  and  inward  to  allow 
the  yarn  to  be  again  fed  upon  the  radial  needles  in  their  revolving 
course. 

And  the  following  improvements,  viz : 

1st.  I  claim  the  inside  stitch-guide  F,  constructed  and  arranged  with 
thew  to  sets  of  needles,  as  described,  to  help  to  cast  off  the  old  stitches 


m. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


381 


of  the  radial  needles,  and  to  increase  the  distance  between  the  old 
stitches  and  the  new  ones,  upon  the  movable  needles,  at  the  same 
time  that  their  barbs  are  depressed. 

2d.  I  claim  the  outside  stitch  cam  G,  constructed  and  arranged  as 
described,  to  help  cast  off  the  old  stitches  of  the  movable  needles. 

3d.  I  claim  the  cam  a ,  constructed  and  arranged  as  set  forth,  to 
assist  the  return  of  the  moveable  needles  to,  and  to  retain  them  in,  the 
position  they  occupy  during  the  feeding  of  the  yarn  upon  the  radial 
needles. 


No.  13,289.— John  Pepper,  assignor  to  The  “  Franklin  Mills.” — 

Improvements  in  Knitting  Machines. — Patented  July  17, 1855.  (Plates, 

p.  66.) 

The  needles  H  rest,  and  are  capable  to  slide,  in  groves  c1  of  a  sta¬ 
tionary  bar  e.  The  rear  end  of  the  shank  of  each  needle  is  bent  up¬ 
ward,  and  enters  a  groove  h  in  the  under  side  of  a  horizontally  recipro¬ 
cating  bar  K.  (See  arrows,  fig.  1.)  The  yarn- guide  L  is  secured  to 
said  bar  K  above  the  needles,  so  as  to  slide  with  it  along  the  series  of 
needles.  In  the  rear  of  and  below  the  yarn-guide  the  groove  h  is 
made  V-shaped,  (see  dotted  lines,  fig.  1,)  so  as  to  impart  to  each  needle 
a  forward  and  backward  movement,  in  order  to  enable  it  not  only 
to  seize  the  yarn,  but  to  move  its  fly  g  forward  beyond  the  stitch  on 
the  shank  of  the  needle.  The  reciprocating  motion  of  bar  K  is  inter¬ 
mittent,  and,  at  the  times  the  bar  remains  stationary,  the  sinkers  per¬ 
form  their  motions.  The  sinkers  o  are  attached  to  a  bar  Q,  which  re¬ 
ceives  an  upward  and  forward  motion  at  proper  times.  Those  of 
the  sinkers  o  which  are  directly  behind  the  rib-needles  P,  have  no 
holes.  The  upward  motion  is  for  casting  off  the  loops  formed  upon 
the  front  portions  of  the  hooks  of  the  sinkers.  The  forward  motion  of 
the  sinkers  is  for  casting  the  loops  over  the  hooks  of  the  needles  H. 
The  rib-needles  P,  each  one  in  front  of  some  one  sinker,  the  hook  of 
which  is  cut  away,  work  between  the  rest  of  the  sinkers;  they  are  at¬ 
tached  to  a  bar  U,  adjustable  by  screw’s  S,  so  as  to  vary  the  length  of 
the  rib-loops. 

The  rib-needle  bar  moves  forward  and  backward  together  wTith  the 
sinker-bar,  and  receives  a  proper  upward  and  downward  motion  by 
cams,  etc. 

If  plain  work  is  to  be  done,  the  rib-needle  bar  and  rib-needles  are 
swung  out  of  the  way.  (See  dotted  lines,  fig.  2.) 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  a  rotary  set  of  rib-needles  ope¬ 
rating  in  connexion  with  a  stationary  cam,  in  the  manner  as  represented 
and  described  in  letters  patent  granted  to  me  on  the  sixth  day  of  De¬ 
cember,  1854;  nor  do  I  claim  making  the  needle  stationary,  and  employ¬ 
ing,  in  connexion  with  such,  a  movable  set  of  sinkers  or  jacks,  whereby 
the  stitches  are  joined  by  the  successive  movements  of  the  sinkers  or 
jacks,  between  the  needles. 

But  I  claim ,  making  the  plain  work  needle  frame  or  bar  stationary, 
its  needles  movable  thereon,  and  to  operate,  in  connexion  with  sinkers, 
or  their  equivalents,  as  described,  and  applying  thereto  a  movable  or 
sliding  cam-bar  K,  or  its  equivalent,  so  as  to  operate  the  plain*  work 


382 


m. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


needles  in  succession,  in  manner  as  explained;  the  advantage  of  such 
not  only  being  that  no  forward  movements  of  the  sinkers  are  necessary, 
in  order  to  bring  the  loops  of  the  yarn  into  the  hooks  of  the  needles, 
but  that  such  simplifies  the  machine,  and  thereby  correspondingly  di¬ 
minishes  the  cost  of  its  construction. 

And,  in  combination  with  the  hooked  sinkers  and  ribbed  needles, 
made  to  operate  substantially  as  described,  I  claim  the  series  of  cast¬ 
off  sinkers,  or  those  formed  without  hooks,  the  same  being  arranged 
in  the  sinker-bar,  and  not  only  so  as  to  admit  the  rib-needles  to  work 
between  the  hooked  sinkers,  but  so  as  to  render  the  machine  capable 
of  performing  either  plain  or  ribbed  work,  as  specified. 

I  aiso  claim ,  making  the  rib-needle  take  the  place  of  the  front  or  hook 
of  the  sinker,  in  forming  the  loop  for  the  rib-stitch. 


No.  13,561. — Walter  Aiken  and  Jonas  B.  Aiken,  assignors  to  Her¬ 
rick  Aiken  and  Jonas  B.  Aiken. — Improvement  in  Knitting  Mar- 

chines. — Patented  September  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  66.) 

On  the  exterior  surface  of  the  hollow  circular  plate  A  are  grooves 
for  the  reception  of  the  needles.  These  grooves  are  longer  than  the 
needles  and  of  sufficient  size  to  hold  them  steadily,  and  at  the  same 
time  to  allow  them  to  slide  freely  back  and  forth.  The  needles  are 
flush  with  the  surface  between  the  grooves.  The  plate  is  made  coni¬ 
cal  for  the  purpose  of  extending  the  distance  between  the  shanks  x  of 
the  needles  further  apart  than  the  barbed  heads,  which  arrangement 
facilitates  the  movement  of  the  needles  while  passing  through  the  cam- 
groove  from  c  to  d 2,  during  the  revolution  of  the  cam-groove  wheel  C. 

I  is  the  device  for  regulating  the  length  of  the  loops.  When  it  is 
desired  to  make  a  longer  loop,  the  needles  must  descend  lower  in  the 
groove  o  for  that  purpose.  This  is  effected  by  depressing  the  regula¬ 
tor  I  and  tightening  nut  g ;  and  vice  versa ,  when  a  shorter  loop  is  re¬ 
quired.  The  regulator  is  made  of  such  a  shape  as  to  drive  the  needLes 
abruptly  down  the  groove. 

The  inventors  say  :  The  general  form  and  construction  of  the  several 
parts  of  our  machine  are  new ;  but  we  shall  confine  our  claim  to  the 
most  essential  parts,  as  these  cannot  be  materially  varied  in  construc¬ 
tion,  in  the  principles  which  govern  their  action,  or  in  the  nature  of 
the  results  produced. 

1st.  We  claim  the  construction  of  the  hollow  circular  needle-plate, 
having  grooves  in  its  outer  surface,  as  described,  for  the  object 
specified. 

2d.  We  claim  the  loop-regulator,  as  described,  for  the  object  specified. 


No.  13,586. — Clark  Tompkins  and  John  Johnson. — Improvement  in 
Knitting  Machines. — Patented  September  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  67.) 

Bevel- wheel  g  moves  bevel- wheel  f  fastened  to  hub  of  the  needle 
cylinder  F ;  the  spur-wheel  a,  is  fastened  to  and  revolves  with  the 
needle  cylinder,  and  moves  pinion  h;  pinion  b  is  fastened  to  pinion  c,  of 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


383 


the  same  size  as  b,  and  thus  drives  wheel  d,  which  is  of  equal  size 
with  wheel  a,  and  is  fastened  to  the  central  spindle  E,  which  spindle 
turns  freely  within  stud  G;  consequently  the  spindle  revolves  in  the 
same  direction  and  with  the  same  velocity  as  the  needle  cylinder 
(pinion  c  works  through  an  opening  in  stud  G,  as  will  be  seen  in  the 
engraving). 

The  circular  plate  S  is  fastened  to  the  spindle  E,  and  thus  revolves 
inside  of,  and  simultaneously  with,  the  knit  fabric  w;  so  that  all  parts 
of  the  web  shall  extend  from  the  circular  row  of  needles,  in  a  uniform 
direction,  toward  the  axis  of  the  machine,  for  the  purpose  of  making 
the  action  of  the  knitting-wheels  more  equal  than  has  been  the  case 
heretofore.  The  oval  plate  C  is  fastened  to,  and  revolves  with,  the 
spindle  E,  to  give  such  shape  to  the  web  that  the  circular  rows  of 
stitches  shall  be  drawn  off  eveidy  and  laid  in  straight  lines  upon  the 
take-up  roller.  The  web-flattening  bent  rod  D  is  fastened  to  plate  C, 
and  extends  to  within  the  sloited  bottom-bar  of  the  take-up  frame  K, 
thus  causing  the  frame  to  positively  revolve  in  the  same  direction  and 
simultaneously  with  the  needle  cylinder,  to  keep  the  knit  fabric  straight, 
or  without  twist,  while  being  drawn  off  and  wound  up  by  the  take-up 
rollers  A  B. 

The  inventors  say:  We  claim ,  1st.  The  manner  in  which  we  cause 
the  frame  which  carries  the  take-up  mechanism  to  revolve  in  the 
same  direction  and  with  the  same  velocity  as  the  needle  cylinder,  as 
specified  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

2d.  Combining  the  web-shaping  plates  S  and  C  with  the  take-up 
mechanism,  substantially  as  described  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  13,621. — Joseph  Powell. — Improvements  in  Knitting  Machines. — 

Patented  October  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  67.) 

A  is  the  front  needle-bar,  B  the  back  one,  connected  by  slides  C  to 
the  frame.  The  two  sets  of  needles  move  simultaneously  upward; 
when  at  its  greatest  elevation,  the  needle-bar  B  comes  in  a  state  of 
rest,  while  the  bar  A  tips*  over  into  an  inclined  position,  and  both  sets 
of  needles  interlock,  as  seen  at  a,  and  6,  figs.  1  and  2. 

These  motions  are  produced  by  the  action  of  dissimilar  cams  placed 
on  the  main  shaft  H2. 

The  cams  c1  act  to  raise  the  slides  C,  the  cams  c2  to  lower  them,  and 
the  cam  e  acts  to  cause  the  tipping  of  the  front  needle-bar  A,  and  con¬ 
sequently  of  ihe  needles  a.  These  cam  motions  are  produced  in  com¬ 
bination  with  the  rollers  d2  d 3,  and  levers  dl  d 2  d 3  d\ 

It  is  required  that,  before  the  needles  descend  to  cast  off  their  loops, 
the  front  row  must  be  elevated  to  a  vertical  position,  and  stand  so  as  to 
form  a  line  parallel  with  the  back  ones.  In  order  to  accomplish  this, 
the  bar  A  must  be  allowed  to  turn  on  its  hinge-pin  d ,  so  that  the  front 
edge  may  drop  down.  As  the  cams  c  and  cL  rotate,  the  lever  d2  will 
drop  first  into  the  cavity,  and  descend  to  some  point,  as,  say,  x  on  e , 
fig.  4,  while  the  slide  C  is  still  held  up  by  the  cam  c1,  by  reason  of  the 
roller  d3  not  yet  having  reached  its  depression,  as  clearly  seen  in  the 
fig.  4.  F rom  x  on  c  to  the  bottom  of  the  cavities  the  descent  is  alike, 


384 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


thus  allowing  the  two  bars  A  and  B  to  descend  together,  and  thereby 
keep  their  respective  sets  of  needles  in  the  proper  vertical  position. 

In  ascending,  the  same  order  is  preserved.  At  dl  is  a  link  connect¬ 
ing  the  front  edge  of  the  needle-bar  A  with  the  tipping-lever ;  and  this  is 
fixed  in  such  manner  as  to  become  disengaged  from  the  end  of  its 
lever  d 2  at  certain  times,  that  is,  when  the  machine  is  engaged  on  plain 
work;  for,  when  out  of  gear,  the  bar  A  no  longer  tips  over,  although  it 
moves  up  and  down  with  the  guides  C,  consequently  its  row  of 
needles  is  not  engaged.  This  disengagement  is  effected  by  the 
mechanism  composed  of  draw-bolt  g ,  arm  h ,  on  the  upright  post  b2,  and 
second  arm  A1,  extending  from  the  same  end  which  comes  into  contact 
with  stop  C.  The  re-engagement  of  the  link  upon  the  pin  f  on  the 
withdrawal  of  bolt  g,  is  governed  by  a  spring;  i  i1  are  the  presser-bars 
upon  standards  i2  iz;  m,  fixed  on  stationary  rail  k,  and  m1,  on  movable 
rail  &1,  are  the  cast-off  plates,  as  seen  in  figs.  1,  2,  and  6. 

The  web  hangs  between  these  casting-off  plates,  and  passes  down  un¬ 
der  the  frame  to  the  take-up  roller.  At  this  part  of  the  machine  some 
delicate  movements  have  to  be  performed,  in  order  to  ensure  certainty 
in  its  working,  and  this  relates  to  the  casting- off* of  the  loops.  As  loops 
are  formed  at  the  same  time  on  both  sets  of  needles,  which  have  to  be 
cast  off  together,  it  is  found  that  the  weight  of  the  web  hanging  be¬ 
tween  was  such  as  to  cause  a  great  strain  or  drawing  upon  the  needles, 
especially  when  the  loops  had  got  over  the  barbs  and  near  the  top  of 
the  needles — the  needles  here  being  of  double  thickness.  To  over¬ 
come  this  an  easement  is  effected  by  a  slight  vertical  motion  of  the 
back  set  of  needles,  and,  immediately  after  that,  by  a  like  motion  of 
the  front  cast-off  bar  m1.  The  back  needle-bar  is  attached  to  the 
slides  C,  by  the  pin  d ,  by  means  of  an  eye  at  B1.  This  eye  is  elonga¬ 
ted  so  as  to  allow  of  some  play,  and  as  seen  by  the  dotted  lines  below 
d  in  fig.  3.  Attached  to  the  eyes  are  two  springs  C1,  which  pull  up¬ 
ward,  as  shown.  To  each  eye  B1  there  is  a  down-pull  Z,  which  con¬ 
nects  with  cross-lever  Z1,  passing  beneath  the  main  shaft  and  hinged  to 
the  back  of  the  frame  ;  and  to  operate  upon  this  pull  is  a  cam  having  an 
acute  point,  seen  at  /2,  the  operation  of  which  is  such  that,  when  the 
needles  have  descended  so  that  the  loops  to  be  discharged  have  been 
pushed  up  the  shanks  and  over  the  barbs,  and  approached  that  point 
where  the  strain  commences,  the  point  of  the  cam  Z 2  shall  be  just  pass¬ 
ing  along  the  top  of  its  bearing  piece  Z3  on  the  cross-lever  l1.  The  top 
of  the  back  casting-off  plate  stands  a  little  higher  than  that  of  the  front 
one,  whereby  the  cast-off  will  be  effected  from  the  back  set  of  needles 
first;  and  so  soon  as  this  has  taken  place,  the  point  of  the  cam  Z2  must 
have  passed  the  top  of  its  bearing  piece,  thereby  permitting  the  back 
needle-bar  B  to  rise  on  the  pin  A  to  the  extent  of  the  elongation  of  its 
eye,  and  which  rising  is  effected  by  the  action  of  the  spring  C1,  since 
the  needle-bar  is  not  now  held  down  by  the  cross-lever  b1.  The  front 
casting-off  plate  now  rises  by  the  cam  I,  figs.  1  and  2,  acting  to  raise 
the  bar  kl  through  the  lever  I1;  and  this  throws  off  the  loops  on  the 
front  row  of  needles.  The  front  presser-bar  is  to  be  disengaged  at  those 
times  when  no  work  is  to  be  done  on  its  row  of  needles. 

At  w,  figs.  1  and  6,  are  seen  the  latches  on  the  back  needle-bar.  The 
under  edges  are  bevelled,  and  they  are  hinged  to  the  top  of  the  studs, 


III. - FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


3$5 


a  feather-spring  keeping  them  up  in  the  position  represented.  As  the 
needle-bar  descends,  the  bevelled  edges  strike  against  the  edge  of  the 
presser-bar  and  forces  it  against  the  barbs  of  the  needles,  holding  them 
closed  until  the  new  loops  are  up  and  the  last  course  thrown  off;  they 
then  get  clear,  and  the  presser-bar  flies  back.  When  the  needles 
ascend  again,  the  flat  tops  of  the  latches  strike  against  the  edge  of  the 
presser-bar  so  as  to  turn  them  down  against  the  force  of  their  feather- 
springs,  and  this  allows  them  to  pass  by  without  acting  on  the  presser- 
bar  until  the  next  downward  motion.  The  latches  on  the  front  needle- 
bar  have  a  different  arrangement  for  setting.  This  is  because  the  bar 
tips  over  and  shifts  the  place  of  the  studs  which  hold  said  latches,  and 
also  because  they  are  to  be  wholly  disengaged  at  all  times  when  the 
front  set  of  needles  are  not  in  action.  The  inner  lower  ends  of  these 
latches  are  bevelled,  as  seen  at  n1,  to  press  the  bars  on  descending,  as 
is  the  case  with  the  back  ones.  On  the  back  is  a  locking-spring,  seen  at 
o,  fig.  6,  which  can  ride  into  two  recesses  o1  o2,  on  the  back.  This  sets 
the  latch  in  the  positions  in  which  it  is  thrown,  in  passing  by  the 
presser-bar,  on  the  upward  ascent  of  that  bar:  for,  as  the  top  of  u1 
strikes  on  the  under  side  of  the  bar,  the  latch  is  bent  down  to  clear  it, 
and  the  spring  rides  into  the  recess  o2.  Thus,  it  there  were  nothing  in. 
the  way  to  shift  the  latch  back,  it  would  go  by  said  presser-bar,  with¬ 
out  acting  on  it  on  the  next  downward  stroke. 

To  set  the  latch,  therefore,  it  is  provided  with  a  short  arm  o2,  which 
is  brought  up  to  strike  against  a  pin  or  arm_p  by  the  elevation  of  the 
front  edges  of  the  needle-bar  A,  when  that  is  raised  by  the  link  d1 . 
This  throws  over  the  latch  and  sets  it,  as  in  fig.  2,  ready  to  act  upon 
the  presser-bar.  When,  however,  the  link  dl  is  unhooked,  as  the  needie- 
bar  will  be  no  longer  tipped  over,  the  arm  o3  does  not  reach  the  pin  p, 
and  the  arm  accordingly  plays  up  and  down  clear  of  the  presser-bar, 
which  it  should  do,  as  at  that  time  no  loops  are  formed  on  the  front  set 
of  needles.  The  sinkers  lie  horizontally,  being  arranged  at  the  back  of 
the  needles  and  at  right  angles  to  the  back  set,  as  shown  at  r,  and  their 
jacks  hinged  in  a  line  parallel  at  r1,  the  sinkers  and  jacks  being  held  in 
place  by  pressing  through  a  metal  rack  supported  by  a  bar  s  on  the 
frame.  The  motion  of  both  jacks  or  sinkers  is  horizontal;  the  sinker  is 
finished  at  the  end,  which  pla}^s  between  the  needles,  wish  the  usual 
fork  to  sink  the  loops  in  the  ordinary  form.  The  sinkers  are  also  pushed 
between  the  needles  by  the  action  of  a  slur-cock  fig.  2,  which,  in  this 
case,  plays  against  the  ends  of  the  jacks,  instead  of  on  their  tops,  as  in 
some  of  the  old  frames.  There  are  two  springs  acting  upon- the  jacks; 
one  is  a  locking- spring  r2:  and  there  is  a  projection  on  the  jacks  at  rl, 
which  shows  hosv  the  sinkers  are  held  back.  The  springs  named  are 
always  tending  to  force  the  jacks  forward.  The  slur-cock,  as  it  passes 
along,  strikes  the  ends  of  the  jacks  just  below  the  end  of  the  spring  r3,  and 
pushes  them  so  far  as  to  force  the  projections r1  beyond  the  other  spring  r3; 
the  other  spring  r3  then  forcing  them  along  their  full  distance. 

In  tig.  2  is  a  cam  working  by  a  bevel-gear  from  the  main  shaft,  be¬ 
ing  a  groove  cut  in  the  side  of  an  eccentric-wheel.  In  this  a  pin,  having 
on  it  a  friction -wheel  H1 ,  travels,  the  front  being  attached  to  a  lever  K, 
and  thus  a  vibratory  motion  is  imparted.  The  upper  end  of  cock  K  is 
25 


386 


HI. - FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


connected  with  a  slide-bar  K^to  which  the  slur-cock  is  attached,  and 
from  this  slide-bar  connexion  is  formed  with  another  one  standing  over 
the  needles,  as  seen  at  J.  This  effects  the  movement  of  the  yarn- 
guide.  The  part  for  returning  the  sinkers,  and  carrying  them  clear  of 
the  needles,  provides  a  self-adjusting  means  for  varying  the  depth  of 
the  loops,  and  thus  weaving  the  course  slack  or  stiff. 

This  part  consists  principally  ot  two  bars,  one  within  the  other, 
and  suspended  to  the  frame,  so  as  to  move  back  and  forth  in  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  the  sinkers. 

The  first  or  outer  bar  is  seen  at  ?,  and  the  arms  by  which  it  is  sus¬ 
pended  at  t1,  figs.  1  and  2.  Upon  this  is  a  rack  ?2,  through  which  the 
sinkers  play.  It  is  by  the  vibrations  of  this  bar  that  the  sinkers  are 
pushed  back,  after  having  been  operated  upon  by  the  slur-cock ;  as  it 
also  regulates  the  distance,  the  springs  r3  can  throw  them  forward. 
On  each  jack  there  is  a  notch  cut,  as  seen  at  r4,  fig.  2.  When  the 
sinkers  are  to  retreat,  the  bar  ?  moves  back,  and  the  back  edge  of? 
must  carry  along  the  sinkers.  The  locking-springs  r2  ride  past  the 
projections  r\  and  thus  lock  the  whole  row.  The  bar  now  moves  to¬ 
wards  the  front  of  the  frame,  and  stops  at  such  distance  as  it  is  intended 
to  allow  the  sinkers  to  return  in  forming  the  loops. 

The  second  bar  is  for  the  purpose  of  regulating  the  extent  of  for¬ 
ward  motion  the  bar  ?  shall  have  at  different  times,  in  order  that  the 
slack  or  stiff  work  may  be  woven  as  before  mentioned.  The  second 
bar  is  seen  at  u,  and  lies  under  ?,  extending  the  whole  length  inside  of 
the  mam  frame.  It  has  at  each  end  a  sloping  part,  as  seen  at  u1 ,  fig. 
5.  While  it  is  carried  back  and  forth  with  the  movement  of  the  mam 
bar  ?,  it  has  also  a  motion  of  its  own  along  the  bar  from  right  to  left; 
and  by  this  means  different  parts  of  the  slope  are  brought  opposite  to 
the  point  of  a  regulating  screw  u 3,  figs.  1  and  5,  which  is  fixed  perma¬ 
nently  to  some  convenient  part  ol  the  frame.  It  has  a  milled  head 
which  receives  the  edge  of  a  gauge-spring  %4.  Thus  it  will  be  seen  that 
the  main  bar  t  will  be  stopped  by  the  point  of  the  regulating  screw 
striking  against  the  sloping  part  of  the  bar  u,  and  therefore,  by  shilling 
the  bar  u  along  to  the  right  or  left,  the  movement  is  arrested  sooner  or 
later,  as  may  be.  The  general  operation  of  the  machine  is  as  follows: 

The  bar  t  tends  always  towards  the  front  of  the  machine  by  the  pres¬ 
sure  of  springs,  one  of  which  is  seen  at  ?4,  figs.  1  and  5,  where  it  sets 
against  the  projecting  end  of  it. 

On  each  end  of  the  main  shaft,  but  outside  of  the  main  frame,  is  a 
cam  v;  these  act  against  lever  id,  fig.  1,  the  upper  ends  of  which  levers 
strike  the  bar?;  these,  therefore,  push  back  the  bar,  and  thus  the 

jacks  are  set  in  their  locking-springs. 

As  the  cam  releases  the  bar,  it  comes  forward  by  the  force  of  the 
springs  ?4,  until  arrested  by  the  points  of  the  regulating  screws  u3; 
which  forward  motion  is  more  or  less,  according  to  the  position  of  the 
bar  u  before  named  The  sloping  part  of  that  bar  represents  adjust¬ 
ments  for  sinking  the  loops  for  ribbed  and  plain  work;  the  deepest  part 
is  when  the  work  is  to  be  woven  ribbed,  the  next  when  woven  plain 
on  a.  single  set  of  needles.  These  come  into  play  during  the  operation 
of  wea  /ing  a  garment  or  cuff  of  a  shirt,  and  are  actuated  by  a  cam  G, 
figs,  t  and  3,  as  at  each  revolution  of  G  one  set  of  needles  is  thrown  off, 

ib 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


387 

as  before  described;  so  at  that  time  must  the  bar  u  be  shifted  to  reduce 
the  throw  of  the  sinkers,  so  that  only  the  yarn  required  for  a  plain  web 
will  be  fed.  To  accomplish  this,  the  arm  h1  is  extended  beyond  the 
vertical  shaft  G2,  where  it  takes  hold  of  a  pin  A2,  figs.  3  and  5,  connect¬ 
ing  with  the  shifting-bar  u;  and  the  movement  occasioned  by  the 
striking  of  G  against  h1  shoves  the  bar  u  along,  so  that  at  the  next  vi¬ 
bration  of  t,  the  point  of  the  regulating  screw  v?  will  strike  the  highest 
part  of  the  slope  on  u,  and  keep  the  bar  t  from  coming  so  far  forward. 
This  then  arrests  the  motion  of  the  sinkers  sooner,  and  they  accord¬ 
ingly  sink  the  loops  shallower  and  as  required  for  plain  work  Every 
revolution  of  the  main  shaft  H2  produces  one  complete  course ;  and  in 
weaving  a  garment  a  long  piece  of  web  must  be  woven  before  any  of 
those  shifting  parts  will  be  brought  into  play  a  second  time.  At  H4  is 
a  worm  wheel,  which  operates  to  turn  the  vertical  shaft  G1,  notch  by 
notch  of  the  toothed-wheel  attached.  The  number  of  notches  in  this 
wheel  is  the  same  as  the  number  of  courses  required  to  complete  a 
garment  or  article,  as  a  cuff  As  such  articles  are  made  in  a  continu¬ 
ous  web,  it  is  necessary  that  some  finish  be  given,  as  well  as  a  means 
for  separating  them  apart.  This  is  done  by  forming  at  each  end  what 
is  known  as  a  “  welt.”  This  is  a  few  courses  woven  plain  with  a  draw- 
thread,  which,  being  taken  out,  separates  the  articles  and  leaves  a  row 
of  loops  to  be  taken  up  by  the  needles  on  the  frame  which  is  engaged 
in  weaving  the  shirts  to  which  the  cuffs  are  to  be  attached. 

Claim, — 1st.  So  combining  two  sets  of  needles,  such  as  are  com¬ 
monly  employed  on  knitting-frames,  that  they  may  be  brought  into 
joint  action,  and  have  loops  formed  on  both  of  said  sets,  at  one  and  the 
same  time,  and  thus  form  a  ribbed  fabric,  as  described. 

2d.  The  arrangement  of  the  needle-bars  and  the  two  pressure-bars, 
so  combined  that,  when  both  sets  of  needles  are  in  action,  both  pres¬ 
sure-bars  will  also  act  upon  the  barbs  of  the  needles,  as  described. 

3d.  The  self-setting  latches  in  combination  with  the  needle  and 
pressure-bars,  as  described. 

4th.  The  combination  of  the  regulating  bar  u  with  the  shifting  bar 
and  the  set- screws,  for  regulating  the  throw  of  the  sinkers  and  depth  of 
the  loops,  as  described. 

5th.  The  manner  of  discharging  the  loops — that  is  to  say,  casting  off 
those  of  one  set  of  needles  a  little  in  advance  of  those  of  the  other  set, 
and  giving  to  the  first  set  of  needles  an  upward  motion,  as  soon  as  the 
cast-off  has  been  effected  from  them,  for  the  purpose  of  relieving  the 
strain,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,693. — John  H.  Doolittle,  assignor  to  the  “  American  Hosie¬ 
ry  Co.” — Improvement  in  Knitting  Machines. — Patented  October  16, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  6S.) 

The  frame  cams  on  the  driving-shaft,  levers,  rock-shafts,  and  ai! 
other  parts  of  this  machine  (except  those  claimed  as  improvements) 
are  mide  substantially  as  described  in  the  patent  issued  to  Rufus  Ellis 
of  Northampton,  June  1S51. 

I  construct  the  feed  motion  by  a  bar  A,  having  projecting  teeth  on 
the  front  end,  which  fit  into  the  spaces  between  the  needles,  as  repre 


388 


III. - FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


sented  at  a  in  fig.  3.  This  bar  slides  backward  and  forward  horizon¬ 
tally  in  a  guide  of  bar  b ,  moved  by  lever  B.  This  lever  B  is  worked 
by  cam  C,  and  is  supported  by  the  fulcrum  D,  and  held  up  to  the 
cam  by  the  spiral  spring  E  ;  and  its  lower  end  works  in  a  slot  c  in  the 
block  (I. 

The  front  end  of  bar  A  also  receives  a  lateral  motion  by  means  of  bar  b , 
which  is  attached  to  the  small  bar  /  by  a  joint-screw  e.  This  small 
bar/ receives  a  longitudinal  reciprocating  motion  from  right  to  left,  or 
vice  vtrsa ,  by  means  of  the  double  projecting  pin  g  working  in  the 
cam  groove  h  or  i,  figs.  3  and  4. 

The  feed  motion  is  reversed  by  means  of  the  inclined  planes  k  and  l 
attached  to  the  needle  tighteners,  so  that  when  the  needle  bar  C  is  pass¬ 
ing  in  the  direction  indicated  by  arrow,  fig.  5,  the  inclined  plane  R 
will  pass  under  the  end  of  the  spring-bar  m  and  raise  it,  which  raising 
will  depress  the  left-hand  end  of  bar  /,  and  force  the  projecting  pin  g 
into  the  cam  groove  h.  When  pin  g  approaches  the  curved  part  of  the 
earn,  it  will  move  the  needle-bar  the  distance  of  one  needle  to  the 
right,  ready  to  knit  the  next  stitch.  When  the  needle-bar  G  is  at  the 
end  of  the  right-hand  motion,  the  inclined  plane  l  will  rake  lever  n,  and 
of  course  force  pin  g  into  cam-groove  i,  which,  being  of  different  shape, 
feeds  the  needle- bar  in  the  opposite  direction. 

The  ears  of  the  series  of  needles  are  attached  to  two  studs  H  and 
I  on  the  needle-bar  C,  which  latter  slides  in  a  dove-tail  groove.  Pin 
p  is  attached  to  stud  I,  which  pin  is  provided  with  two  eyes,  through 
wh.ch  a  pin  passes  to  connect  the  needles.  The  upright  H  is  attached 
to  needle-bar  G  by  means  of  a  binding  screw,  so  as  to  be  movable 
at  pleasure,  and  have  a  slot  in  the  top  into  which  passes  the  piece 
K,  so  that  it  will  be  secure  in  the  slot  and  recess,  as  seen  at  r. 
To  the  left-hand  edge  of  this  piece  K  there  are  also  two  loops,  which 
serve  to  hold  the  joint  pin  which  attaches  the  needles  to  the  piece  as 
seen  at  s.  By  this  means  any  desired  number  of  needles  can  be  at¬ 
tached  and  tightened  with  the  greatest  ease,  and  their  number  increased 
or  lessened.  The  apparatus  ior  counting  the  number  of  courses  that 
are  to  be  knit,  (as  for  the  heel  of  a  stocking,)  is  worked  by  the  means 
of  two  cams,  L  and  M,  (on  the  upright  sheet  of  the  cams  which  give 
the  feed  motion.)  engaging  the  horizontal  sliding-bar  N.  When  the 
small  feeding-bar  /is  raised  so  as  to  be  worked  by  the  groove  in  the 
upper  cam  F,  the  rod  O  will  raise  the  bar  A  so  that  the  cam  L  will 
take  hold  of  the  catch  part  t,  and  draw  it  to  the  left  nearly  against  the 
cam-shaft,  which  will  cause  the  upright  P  to  force  forward  the  dog  or 
hand  U,  and  revolve  the  counting  wheel  one  notch.  When  the  left  end 
of  lever/ is  depressed,  the  cam  M  draws  back,  so  that  the  counting 
wheel  will  be  revolved  one  notch  for  every  two  courses  knit  across  the 
heel.  When  it  is  determined  how  many  courses  are  to  be  knit  across, 
half  the  number  of  holes  is  counted  off  from  the  end  of  the  block  v, 
and  there  is  inserted  a  pin  as  w,  so  that  when  the  count-wheel  is  re¬ 
volved  sufficiently  to  bring  the  pin  w  against  the  end  of  the  block  v,  it 
will  force  back  the  end  of  the  bar  Q  so  as  to  release  the  catch,  when  a 
spring  will  force  the  bar  Q  longitudinally  to  the  right,  and  by  means 
of  a  clutch-lever  throw  the  driving-pulley  out  of  gear,  and  stay  the 


III. - FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


38  ^ 

knitting.  The  longitudinal  motion  of  the  bar  N  also  gives  a  longitudi¬ 
nal  motion  to  the  rock-shaft  I,  which  works  the  yarn-guide  O  through 
the  medium  of  the  connecting-lever  U,  so  as  to  cause  the  yarn  guide 
to  bring  the  yarn  across  the  needles  in  the  desired  direction,  whichever 
way  the  feed  motion  is  working.  The  yarn-guide  O  is  made  with  a 
spring,  to  allow  knots  or  other  inequalities  to  pass  through  without 
breaking  the  yarn. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  method  of  producing  the  feed  motion,  by  means  of 
a  feed  bar,  with  teeth  formed  upon  it,  of  proper  shape  to  engage  with 
and  move  or  feed  the  series  ol  needles,  substantially  as  described. 

2d.  The  method  of  reversing  the  feed  motion  by  means  ol  the  inclined 
planes  k  and  /,  spring  bars  m  and  n,  swinging  bar  p,  and  the  cam 
grooves  h  and  i,  when  constructed,  arranged,  connected,  and  made  to 
operate  in  the  manner  substantially  as  described. 

3d.  Attaching  the  blocks  or  inclined  planes  l  and  m  to  the  needles  in 
such  a  manner  thal  they  will  always  operate  at  the  end  of.  the  course 
without  reference  to  the  number  ol  needles  used,  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed. 

4th.  The  method  of  working  the  counting  apparatus,  in  combination 
with  the  method  of  throwing  the  machine  out  of  gear,  when  the  parts 
are  arranged,  constructed,  and  made  to  operate  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed. 


No.  13,750.-— -Arasmus  French. — Improvement  in  Knitting  Machines. — 

Patented  November  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  68.) 

Hoop  a  (open  at  c,  so  as  to  serve  the  same  purpose  as  the  ends  of  the 
common  knitting-needles  used  by  hand  for  forming  the  stitch)  is  sus¬ 
pended  in  clamps  d,  in  such  manner  that  two  opposite  clamps  sustain 
the  hoop,  while  the  clamps  are  alternately  opened  so  as  to  allow  the 
work  to  be  fed  in  either  direction.  The  clamps  consist  ol  two  sliding 
parts,  d  e.  The  circle  B  receives  a  reciprocating  circular  motion  from 
eccentric  C.  The  points  of  wedges  h  attached  to  circle  B  pass  through 
transverse  slots  in  the  part  e  of  the  clamps  and  force  it  back,  thus  open¬ 
ing  the  clamps.  When  the  wedges  are  withdrawn,  the  clamps  are 
again  closed  by  India-rubber  springs  g,  so  that  they  will  be  alternately 
opened  and  closed  at  every  stitch,  and  so  that  while  two  ol  them  are 
holding  the  hoop,  the  other  two  will  be  open  and  allow  the  work  to  be 
gradually  fed  by  the  operation  of  the  needle  in  taking  of!  the  loop,  The 
needle-bar  is  supported  in  a  hollow  socket  k,  secured  to  arch-bar  1  by 
a  pin  l,  so  as  to  allow  it  free  motion  in  all  directions.  The  point  ol  the 
needle  describes  a  small  circle,  corresponding  to  the  motion  of  the  rear 
end  of  the  needle-bar,  pivoted  to  the  eccentric  G,  which  also  works  on 
the  eccentric  C.  The  arch-bar  F  can  be  moved  longitudinally  by 
means  of  jointed  piece  K,  working  against  slide  n,  or  drawing  it  back 
by  bar  p,  which  is  effected  by  a  pin  or  pins  o,  set  in  the  holes  in  the  face 
of  the  circle  L,  which  circle  is  revolved  by  tooth  g  on  eccentnc  .C. 
There  are  as  many  pins  used  as  it  is  desired  to  narrow  times  in  knitting 
round.  As  the  arch-bar  sustains  the  needle-holder,  a  slight  longitudinal 
motion  will  cause  the  needle  to  take  two  loops  from  the  point  ol  the 
hoop  at  once,  and  make  but  one  stitch  from  them. 


390 


III. - FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


Claim. — The  combination  of  the  eye -pointed  needle  D  with  the  hoop 
a  a,  when  constructed,  arranged,  and  made  to  operate  substantially  as 
described. 

2d.  The  method  of  opening  and  closing  the  clamps  d  d  d  d,  for  hold¬ 
ing  the  hoop  o  a ,  by  the  use  of  the  cams  or  wedges  on  the  circle  B, 
when  worked  by  the  same  eccentric  which  works  the  needle,  when  the 
whole  is  constructed  and  made  to  operate  substantially  as  described. 

3d.  The  method  of  narrowing  by  giving  a  longitudinal  motion  to  the 
arch  bar  F,  when  constructed,  arranged,  and  made  to  operate  substan¬ 
tially  as  described. 


No.  13,811.— Timothy  Bailey. — Improvements  in  Knitting  Machines  — 

Patented  November  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  69.) 

The  sector  g3  and  wheel  g5  are  secured  to  shaft  g2 ;  wheel  gi  turns 
loosely  on  said  shaft ;  ring  g 6  rests  loosely  upon  the  inclined  face  of 
wheel  g5.  The  finished  tube  of  yarn  passes  down  between  the  wheel 
g5  and  ringg6,  as  shown  in  figure  3.  The  shaft  g2  is  suspended  from 
arm  g,  fastened  to  revolving  ring  f ;  as  shaft  g2  is  carried  round  by  the 
revolution  of  ring/i  the  wheel  g4  revolves  by  friction  against  the  yarn- 
tube,  and  carries  back  said  tube  at  the  points  'of  contact  towards  the 
butts  of  the  needles,  thus  removing  an  already  formed  stitch  out  of  the 
way.  As  these  stitches  leave  the  wheel,  they  are  received  by  the  sector 
g3,  which  holds  them  back  until  ready  to  be  acted  upon  by  the  wings 
or  burrs  i2,  which  lands  said  old  stitches  as  hereinafter  described. 

The  stud  h  carries  upon  the  bent  axle  A1,  first,  a  small  toothed  wheel 
A2,  and  subsequently  the  sinking  burr  A3.  The  teeth  x  on  wheel  A2  are 
equal  in  face,  or  nearly  so,  to  the  space  between  the  needles  at  the 
points  where  said  wheel  travels  over  the  needles,  and  the  teeth  there¬ 
fore  mesh  between  the  needles,  which  therefore  constitute  the  rack 
which  causes  said  wheel  A2  to  revolve  upon  its  own  axis,  as  that  axis  is 
carried  around  by  the  ring  f ;  other  teeth  xl  x1,  upon  the  same  gear¬ 
wheel,  take  into  corresponding  teeth  upon  the  sinking  burr  A3,  and  this 
burr,  therefore,  revolves  in  pari  passu  with  the  gear  A2. 

Upon  A3  are  wings  or  peculiarly  shaped  screw-threads  x2  x2,  corres¬ 
ponding  in  number  with  the  teeth  x ,  and  of  sufficient  elevation  above 
die  general  contour  of  the  burr  A3  to  enable  them  to  sink  down  a 
loop  of  yarn  between  each  needle  and  its  neighbor,  the  yarn  being 
delivered  through  the  hole  in  z1,  and  through  a  small  aperture  in  a 
plate  A4  attached  to  the  stud  A.  The  levers  or  wings  A2  are  much 
thinner  than  the  space  between  two  needles,  but  the  teeth  x  cause  each 
wing  to  enter  accurately  in  the  centre  of  the  space,  and  do  not  peimit 
the  wing  to  grind  against  one  side  of  each  needle,  as  would  be  the 
case  if  the  burr  A3  was  revolved  by  the  direct  action  of  the  needles 
against  its  wing;  the  loop  is,  therefore,  by  means  of  the  use  of  the 
gear,  sunk  regularly  in  the  centre  of  the  space ;  there  is  room  for  knots 
and  uneven  spots  of  yarn,  and  there  is  but  lit  tie  danger  of  cutting  the 
yarn,  as  in  a  shear,  by  nipping  it  between  the  side  of  each  needle  and 
the  wing,  or  screw-thread.  The  small  depression  at  a 4  in  each  wing 
receives  the  thread,  and,  pressing  itdown  between  the  needles,  is  carried 


III. - FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


391 


by  the  same,  and  slid  under  the  beard  until  it  reaches  the  head  of  the 
needles,  forming  it  into  a  loop. 

Upon  the  axle  i\  attached  to  stud  i,  revolves  a  burr  i 2,  also  having 
wings,  to  which  is  attached  the  pressing  conoid  i3.  The  axis  il  is 
inclined  at  a  considerable  angle  to  tlje  radii  which  the  needles  represent, 
and  the  wings  i4  on  burr  i2  enter  behind  the  old  stitch,  and  gradually 
shove  it  forward  over  the  needle  beards,  and  towards  the  head  of  the 
needles.  While  they  are  performing  this  operation,  each  beard  is  held 
down  by  the  revolving  conoid  i3,  which  has  formed  in  it  helical  grooves, 
so  shaped  that  each  groove  takes  in  each  beard  at  its  throat,  and 
gradually  rolls  it  down  towards  its  points,  where  the  landing-wings 
land  the  old  stitches  over  the  beard. 

The  landing-burr,  and  the  pressing-conoid  thereto  attached,  are 
revolved  by  the  needles  acting  as  a  rack  against  the  wings  i4,  which 
also  act  as  cog-teeth. 

Two  or  more  rollers  o  o  are  secured  in  a  proper  frame;  on  the  axis 
of  one  of  these  rollers  is  secured  a  toothed  wheel  o1,  and  that  axis  is 
prolonged  and  passed  through  a  hole  o2  in  a  plate  o3  pivoted  under  the 
apertures  at  o4;  this  plate,  therefore,  may  oscillate  in  a  horizontal 
plane,  and  the  hole  o2  is  sd  large  that  the  shaft  passing  through  it  can 
move  to  and  fro  easily.  The  knitted  tube  passes  between  these  rollers, 
so  also  does  the  shaft  g2;  and  these  rollers  hug  the  tube  tightly,  and  are 
supported  thereby;  their  weights,  therefore,  act  as  a  feed  weight  to  the 
tube,  and  the  rollers  descend  with  it.  Any  one  point,  moreover,  in  the 
rollers  or  their  frame,  will  describe  an  egg-shaped  curve,  compounded 
from  the  planetary  motion  of  shaft  g2  and  the  sliding  motion  of  the 
shaft  in  hole  o2.  Just  below  the  oscillating  plate  o3  is  secured  a  species 
of  rack  o5  with  three  or  more  teeth  y ;  if  the  rollers  with  their  frame 
be  now  supposed  to  be  clasped  around  the  finished  tube,  and  around 
shaft  g2,  and  rolled  upwards  along  said  tube  as  high  as  the  shaft  in  hole 
o2  will  permit,  they  will  not  be  able,  on  account  of  the  dogs  o6,  to  roll 
down  over  the  surface  of  the  tube,  but  they  will  descend  as  the  tube 
descends  in  receiving  an  accession  of  new  stitches  at  the  upper  end 
thereof;  but  while  these  new  stitches  are  forming,  the  rollers  and  their 
frames,  and  consequently  the  toothed  wheel o1,  will  describe  egg-shaped 
curves,  and  the  path  described  by  ol  will  at  certain  times  pass  over 
the  rack  o5.  When  so  many  rows  are  completed,  and  the  tube  and 
roller-frames  fall  so  far  that  the  teeth  on  o  touch  the  thin  rack-teeth  y, 
then  will  these  rack- teeth  cause  the  wheel  ol  to  rotate  as  it  passes  over 
them,  and  will,  consequently,  force  the  whole  frame  to  climb  along 
the  tube  of  knitted  stuff  and  take  a  new  hold.  The  frame,  even  while 
climbing,  is  supported  by,  and  consequently  weights  the  tube:  and 
when  the  frame  fills  again  so  that  the  teeth  of  wheel  and  rack  are 
again  in  contact,  the  frame  climbs  as  before. 

Claim. — 1st.  Actuating  the  sinking  or  other  burrs  by  means  ol  a 
gear-wheel,  whose  teeth  are  actuated  or  rather  acted  upon  by  the 
needles,  as  a  rack,  whereby  the  wings  in  said  burrs  are  freed  from 
contact  with  the  needles,  and  do  not  nip  the  yarn  tightly  between 
said  wings  and  needles,  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes 
described. 

2d.  Ccirr}' ing  back  the  old  stitch,  and  holding  it  back  by  means  of  a 


392 


III. - FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


disc- wheel  and  segment,  having  a  planetary  motion,  as  set  forth  ;  and 
also  the  leading  of  the  finished  cloth  through  a  ring,  or  its  equivalent, 
surrounding  a  shaft,  having  a  planetary  motion,  whereby  the  action  of 
the  drag  weights  is  properly  adjusted  upon  different  portions  of  that 
circuit  of  the  cloth  which  is  being  acted  upon  by  the  needles  and  levers, 
substantially  as  specified,  and  in  combination  with  a  cloth  or  knitted 
tube,  to  which  is  imparted  substantially  such  a  revolving  motion  as  is 
described. 

3d.  A  self-adjusting  climbing  drag  weight,  constructed  substantially 
in  the  manner  set  forth. 

Lastly,  a  stationary  series  of  needles  in  circuit,  when  constructed 
and  arranged  substantially  in  the  manner  described,  in  combination 
with  revolving  burrs  driven  by  independent  gearing,  and  travelling 
from  needle  to  needle,  whereby  the  turning  of  the  finished  cloth  on  its 
own  axis  is  avoided,  and  all  difficulties  incident  thereto  obviated. 


No.  12,771. — R.  L.  Hawes,  assignor  to  Robert  Rennie. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Machines  for  Dressing  Lawns. — Patented  April  24,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  69.) 

» 

The  goods  enter  the  machine  over  the  bar  P,  the  selvages  being  put 
upon  the  pins  y  of  wheel  M  M1  at  a  point  S,  where  these  points 
approach  nearest  to  each  other.  As  the  wheels  M  M1  revolve,  the 
points  continually  recede  from  each  other  until  they  interlock  with 
those  upon  the  hoops  D,  to  which  the  fabric  is  transferred,  the  brushes 
N  lN1  serving  to  press  it  down  upon  the  hoops.  The  hoops  or  rings  D 
surrounding  the  drying  cylinder  B  are  adjustably  attached  to  discs  E  E1 
by  screw-bars  b  and  nuts  c.  Two  eccentric  rods  f  f1  hook  over  pins  e 
tl  on  radial  arms  H  H1,  which  arms  vibrate  freely  on  hollow  bearings 
C ;  the  pawls  g  g1  upon  the  ends  of  arms  H  Hl  operate  upon  inclined 
teeth  h  h]  projecting  from  the  face  of  the  discs  E  E1.  When  the  pawl 
g  moves  forward  striking-tooth  h ,  it  carries  disc  E  and  hoop  D  a  certain 
distance;  when  the  pawl  moves  back,  it  steps  over  the  teeth  h,  and 
communicates  no  motion  to  the  hoop.  As  the  eccentrics  are  set  at  an 
angle  of  180°,  the  hoops  and  selvages  will  be  moved  alternately,  and 
the  rigid  adhesion  of  the  warp  and  weft  threads  will  be  broken,  which 
gives  proper  pliancy  to  the  material. 

Cords  p  pl,  with  one  end  attached  to  vibrating  arms  H  H1,  and  the 
other  to  springs  g  gl,  pass  around  pulleys  m  m1,  and  impart  to  them 
and  their  sleeves  II  a  back  and  forth  motion ;  and  the  sleeves  (by  means 
of  tooth  o  on  the  sleeve  and  pawl  n  on  the  rollers/r  and  kl  )  communicate 
an  intermittent  rotary  motion  to  the  rollers  Jc  D,  which  rollers  turn 
freely  on  stationary  shaft  K.  The  roller  sections  i  i  i  revolve  freely 
and  independent  of  each  other  on  their  shaft.  As  the  selvages  alter¬ 
nately  leave  the  machine,  they  pass  between  the  rollers  i  and  the 
corresponding  one  of  the  rollers  k  or  kl,  and  as  these  revolve  intermit¬ 
tently,  the  selvage  is  alternately  drawn  off. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  finishing  lawns  by  causing  the 
selvages  to  advance  alternately  as  the  goods  through  the  dressing 
machine,  as  this  is  done  upon  the  machine  described  in  jNewton’s 
London  Journal,  conjoined  series,  vol.  32,  page  77. 


III. - FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


393 

But  I  do  claim  the  stationary  heating  cylinder  in  combination  with 
the  hoops  D,  having  an  alternate  intermittent  revolving  motion,  in  the 
manner  described,  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

2d.  The  sectional  roll  I,  in  combination  with  the  rollers  1c  k{,  opera¬ 
ting  substantially  as  described  for  the  purpose  of  drawing  the  selvages 
alternately  from  the  machine  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,120. — Abram  Brigham. — Improvement  in  Looms . — Patented 

January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p  69.) 

The  treadles  are  of  the  common  form,  and  provided  with  a  tappet, 
on  which  the  cams  operate  to  move  the  harnesses.  On  the  last  earn 
upon  the  outward  side  is  cast  a  lip  wide  enough  to  operate  on  a  slide, 
to  which  is  fastened  a  tappet  in  the  same  manner  as  to  the  treadles. 
The  slide  extends  no  farther  forward  than  the  tappet,  and  is  not  attached 
to  the  harnesses,  but  to  the  last  treadle.  This  slide  is  provided  with 
one  or  two  slots,  sufficiently  long  to  clear  the  lip  in  moving  bark  or 
forward,  when  the  loom  is  weaving  the  tube.  One  slot  moves  on  ihr 
pin  in  the  stand  which  holds  the  treadles  to  the  back  girt.  The  other 
slot  moves  on  a  screw  or  stud  pin  made  fast  to  the  last  treadle,  but 
slides  easily  on  both.  While  the  tube  is  being  woven,  this  slide  and 
tappet  are  held  back  far  enough  to  clear  the  lip  on  the  last  cam.  When 
the  bottom  is  to  be  woven,  the  slide  and  tappet  are  brought  forward  to 
operate  on  the  lip,  and  the  treadle  assumes  the  position  shown  in  dotted 
lines  in  figure  6.  At  c  is  shown,  on  the  hub  of  the  cam,  a  convex 
surface  for  self-adjusting  and  fastening  the  cams.  Figure  7  shows  an 
intermediate  cam  with  four  concave  surfaces  on  both  sides  of  the  hub 
shown  at  r,  and  corresponding  in  size  with  the  convex  ones  in  figure  1. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  above  described  mode  of  locking  together  and 
adjusting  two  or  more  cams  on  one  shaft,  viz  :  by  means  of  the  con¬ 
vexities  and  concavities  applied  to  them,  essentially  as  specified. 

2d.  The  combination  of  the  movable  or  sliding  tappet  t,  and  the 
extra  cam  or  lip  p,  with  each  other  on  the  main  cam  or  its  shaft,  and 
the  treadle,  the  wffiole  being  made  to  operate  together,  substantially  in 
manner  and  for  the  purpose  as  stated. 


No.  12,225. — Joseph  Welsh. — Improvement  in  Looms. — Patented  Jan¬ 
uary  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  70.) 

When  the  returning  shuttle  strikes  the  picker  E,  which,  being  in  contact 
with  the  upper  end  of  the  face  of  the  spring-lever  G,  causes  it  to 
yield  slightly,  (thus  easing  the  blow  of  the  shuttle,)  the  lever  in¬ 
stantly  recovering  its  positi  on,  the  shuttle-box  commences  to  move,  and 
one  of  the  planes  of  the  block  f  thereon  being  in  contact  with  the  pro¬ 
jecting  pin  g,  the  upper  end  of  the  lever  G  is  necessarily  forced  along 
the  plane,  and  the  picker  following  in  contact  therewith,  under  the  ac¬ 
tion  of  its  spring,  is  necessarily  also  separated  from  the  point  of  the 
arrested  shuttle,  which  is  thus  allowed  to  be  moved  by  the  box  freely, 
up  or  down,  as  the  case  may  be,  and  the  oilier  shuttle  brought  in  proper 
position  before  the  picker,  as  the  upper  end  of  the  spring-lever  G  re¬ 
turns  upon  the  other  plane,  and  is  arrested  by  the  stop. 


394 


III. - FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  confine  my  claim  to  the  precise  con¬ 
struction  and  arrangement  of  the  lever  G  as  shown,  nor  to  the  precise 
mode  shown  of  causing  it  to  produce  the  effect  described ; 

But  1  do  claim,  in  combination  with  the  lay,  the  lever  g  and  cam  f, 
when  arranged  substantially  in  the  manner  described,  so  that  in  every 
change  of  the  shuttle-box,  the  picker  shall  be  released  from  contact  with 
the  shuttle  by  a  positive  motion. 


No.  12,229. — Wm.  Tongue,  assignor  to  Himself  and  James  Buck- 
ley. — Improvement,  in  Looms. — Patented  January  9,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  70.) 

The  treadles  of  the  loom  being  in  connection,  as  before  described, 
with  the  heddles,  and  these,  as  just  explained,  with  the  continuous  cord 
A,  through  the  medium  of  the  wires  a,  levers  D,  and  double  pulleys  C, 
when  any  one,  or  any  number,  less  than  the  whole  of  the  treadles,  is 
depressed,  the  corresponding  levers  of  heddles  necessarily  follow,  up¬ 
lifting  all  the  others,  and  each  heddle-leaf  being  kept  separated  later¬ 
ally  from  the  others,  by  means  of  the  rack  G,  their  motion  up  and  down 
is  steady,  free,  and  accurate. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  double  pulleys  C,  nor  the 
levers  D,  nor  the  wires  a; 

But  1  do  claim  the  combination  of  the  continuous  cord  A  with  the 
pulleys  B  and  double  pulleys  C,  substantially  and  for  the  purpose  as 
herein  described,  irrespective  of  the  number  of  the  double  pulleys  C 
or  pulleys  B,  as  these  are  intended  to  be  increased  or  diminished,  as 
the  number  of  sheds  wanted  may  require. 


No.  12,236. — John  H.  Allen. — Improvement  in  Temples  for  Looms. — 

Patented  January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  70.) 

When  the  lay  beats  up,  it  strikes  the  two  arms  E  F,  and  bears  their 
spring  against  the  screw  ;  and  as  the  arms  are  made  to  project  beyond 
the  front  surface  of  the  spring,  the  spring  will  operate  with  a  double 
action  upon  the  shaft  of  the  lower  jaw,  in  a  manner  conducive  to  the 
preservation  of  the  temple.  Immediately  after  the  temple  clasps  the 
cloth,  the  same  spring  that  closed  the  jaw  throws  the  temple  backward 
and  outward,  thus  keeping  the  cloth  fully  extended  the  entire  length 
of  the  reed,  and  causing  the  temple  to  make  its  greatest  draught  upon 
the  cloth  at  a  time  when  the  cloth  is  free  from  all  tension.  The  tem¬ 
ple  then  holds  the  cloth  completely  extended  until  the  reed  again  strikes 
if,  thus  entirely  preventing  any  draught  of  the  cloth  coming  upon  the 
reed,  and  at  the  same  time  leaving  the  selvage-thread  free  from  all  out¬ 
ward  strain,  which  the  reed  naturally  makes  upon  them  when  it  is 
driven  forward  towards  the  cloth. 

A  represents  the  upper-jaw  bar  of  the  temple,  whose  jaw  is  shown 
at  a.  B  is  the  bar  of  the  under-jaw  or  arm  C,  whose  jaw  is  shown  at 
c.  The  joint  pin  f  is  supported  by  the  hinge- plate  D,  forming  the 
joint  of  the  temple. 

Claim. — Arranging  the  turning  joint  of  ihe  temple  about  midway  be- 


III. - FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


395 


tween  the  ends  of  the  shaft  of  the  inner  jaw,  in  combination  with  ap¬ 
plying  the  spring  G,  so  that  it  shall  rest  at  or  near  its  middle  against 
the  adjusting  screw  K,  and  at  its  ends  against  the  two  arms  from  the 
said  shaft;  the  same  enabling  me  not  only  to  nearly,  if  not  entirely, 
balance  the  temple,  and  prevent  it  from  undue  pressure  on  the  cloth, 
but  to  obtain  from  the  spring  a  double  action  on  the  shaft,  or  an  action 
on  each  side  of  the  turning  joint,  by  which  the  advantages  in  operating 
the  temple  and  preserving  it  in  correct  operation  are  obtained,  as  speci¬ 
fied. 


No.  12,274. — James  Eccles. — Improvement  in  Looms. — Patented  Janu¬ 
ary  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  70.) 

The  lever  A  oscillates  with  the  lay  F,  and  in  consequence  of  each 
vibrating  from  different  centres  (D  and  H,)  the  pin  E  will  describe  a 
certain  way  within  the  slot  in  the  rod  A.  When  the  lay  is  furthest 
from  the  cloth,  the  pin  E  is  at  the  top  of  the  slot,  thereby  holding  the 
lever  A  and  picker  G  forward  in  the  shuttle-box  C.  As  the  lay  F  and 
lever  A  move  forward,  the  pin  E  descends  and  lever  A  rises,  (see 
dotted  lines  I  and  K,)  so  that  when  the  reed  strikes  the  cloth,  the  pin  E 
■will  be  found  at  the  lower  part  of  the  inclined  slot  of  lever  A,  which 
will  then  have  receded  from  the  shuttle  in  box  C.  Thus  a  lateral  mo¬ 
tion  is  given  to  the  picker  G  by  the  pin  E  traversing  the  slot  of  lever 
A,  as  the  lay  F  vibrates  to  and  fro. 

Claim. — Moving  and  holding  the  picker  forward  in  movable  shuttle- 
boxes,  for  the  purpose  of  stopping  the  shuttle  thereby,  and  causing  the 
picker,  after  having  stopped  the  shuttle,  to  recede,  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed,  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth,  by  the  action  of  the  lever  A  and 
pin  E,  or  their  equivalents. 


No.  12,293. — George  Copeland. — Improvement  in  Looms. — Patented 

January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  71.) 

The  general  features  of  this  improvement  can  be  understood  from 
the  engraving  and  claims ;  a  more  detailed  description  would  take  up 
too  much  space. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  claim ,  1st.  Placing  the  cams  G  G  G  and  G1  Gl 
G1,  which  operate  the  two  sets  of  harness,  upon  two  shafts  F  and  F1, 
carried  by  opposite  arms  of  lever-beams  K  K,  which  are  capable  of 
rocking  upon  a  fixed  shaft  D,  with  which  the  cam-shafts  F  F1  are 
geared,  and  from  which  they  receive  the  motion,  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed,  relatively  to  each  other,  to  change  the  operation  of  the  harness. 

2d.  The  method  described  of  securing  the  lever-beams  K  Kto  main¬ 
tain  the  proper  position  of  the  cam-shafts,  for  one  mode  of  operating  the 
harnesses,  and  changing  their  position  for  the  other  mode  ot  operating, 
by  means  of  a  spring  or  springs  c  c  or  equivalents,  or  hook  e  and  a  disk 
N  or  equivalent,  carrying  a  stud  k,  all  operating  and  acted  upon  sub¬ 
stantially  as  set  forth. 

3d.  In  weaving  the  closed  part  of  the  fabric  or  bottom  of  the  bag,  I 
claim  giving  the  lever-beams  a  continual  rocking  movement  on  the  shaft 
D,  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  them  to  be  caught  by  the  hook  e,  and 


396 


III. - FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


secured  in  position  for  weaving  the  open  part  of  the  fabric,  as  soon  as 
a  sufficient  length  of  closed  part  or  bottom  has  been  woven,  and  the 
hook  escapes  from  the  stud  k ,  which  holds  it  during  the  latter  weaving 
operation. 

4th.  Though  I  do  not  claim  the  race-ways  in  the  same  loom,  with 
two  shuttles  which  move  simultaneously — one  leaving  its  thread  in  the 
upper,  and  the  other  in  the  lower  of  two  sheds  opened  one  above  the 
other — 

I  claim,  for  the  purpose  of  throwing  and  catching  the  two  shuttles 
simultaneously,  pivoting  the  shuttle-boxes  to  the  end  ol  the  lay,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described,  so  that  they  may  by  a  vibrating  or  swinging 
motion  move  opposite  to  the  upper  or  lower  race-way,  as  required. 

5th.  I  claim  the  manner  described  of  operating  the  two  shuttle-boxes, 
so  that  both  may  move  simultaneously  to  and  from  the  position,  by 
throwing  and  catching  the  shuttles,  by  connecting  both  with  a  lever  T, 
which  is  arranged  to  work  under  the  lay,  and  receives  the  required 
motion  from  a  treadle  and  cam,  or  other  analogous  means. 

6th.  I  claim  the  slots  in  the  bars  p  p,  which  form  the  upper  race¬ 
way,  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  weft- thread,  which  is  being  carried 
through  the  warp,  to  draw  directly,  or  nearly  so,  from  the  filling  point 
of  the  cloth  or  fabric. 


No.  12,457. — William  V.  Gee,  assignor  to  the  “Atwater  and  Bris¬ 
tol  Manufacturing  Co.” — Improvement  in  Looms. — Patented  Feb¬ 
ruary  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  71.) 

The  ends  of  the  treadles  d  are  connected  with  levers  /,  (mounted  at 
right-angles  to  the  line  of  the  treadles,)  and  these  are  in  turn  connected 
with  the  inner  ends  of  two  double  sets  of  levers  g  g  and  g-1  g1,  to  the 
outer  ends  of  which  the  several  leaves  of  harness  h  are  suspended  by 
wires  i  or  by  cords.  The  treadle-frames  descend  by  their  weight;  and 
they  are  drawn  up  when  required  by  the  action  of  the  cams  dl  on  the 
treadles,  and  their  connexions  with  the  levers  to  which  the  harness 
leaves  are  suspended  The  harness  is  divided  into  two  sets,  one  half 
suspended  to  the  lower  set  of  levers  g  g ,  and  the  other  half  to  the  upper 
set  of  levers  g 1  g1 ;  and  each  set  must  be  complete  in  itself,  the 
number  of  leaves  in  each  set  depending  upon  the  fabric  to  be  woven. 
One  half  of  the  warp-threads  for  each  web  are  passed  through  the 
mails  of  one  set  of  harness,  and  the  other  halt  through  the  mails  of  the 
other  set;  so  that  each  set  can  weave  a  complete  web  of  a  given  width, 
or  both  sets  may  weave  a  web  of  double  that  width.  The  one  set  of 
treadles  actuates  both  sets  of  harness  ;  but  if  one  set  be  lifted  and  kept 
up,  then  they  will  only  actuate  the  other  set.  When  wmaving  the  en¬ 
tire  width,  both  sets  of  harness  are  kept  in  action;  but  when  a  button¬ 
hole  is  to  be  formed,  the  action  of  one  set  is  suspended  and  lifted  up, 
that  the  shuttle  may  pass  under  the  warps  governed  by  it,  whilst  weav¬ 
ing  the  web  on  the  other  side  of  the  button-hole,  whatever  may  be  its 
length,  which  is  effected  in  the  following  manner:  The  two  sets  ol 
levers  g  g  and  g-1  g*1  are  each  set  divided  into  two  parts,  one  extending 
from  near  the  middle  to  the  right,  and  the  other  to  the  left.  They  turn 
on  fulcrum  pins  i1  and  i2,  and  their  outer  ends  rest  in  stirrupsjdy2,  one  at 


III. - FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


3b7 


each  end,  and  adapted  to  slide  vertically  in  grooves  in  the  two  beams 
lc  and  kl  which  enclose  the  levers.  These  stirrups  are  connected  each 
to  the  outer  ends  ot'levers  arranged  in  pairs  l  and  Z1,  one  pair  for  each 
set  of  stirrups,  the  two  levers  of  each  pair  being  connected  by  a  pin 
on  the  end  ot  one  working  in  a  slot  in  the  other,  so  that  one  will  work 
the  other;  and  one  of  each  pair  is  connected,  by  a  rod  m,  with  one  of 
the  sliding-bars  n  and  ft1,  so  that  when  either  of  these  bars  is  drawn  down, 
the  two  stirrups  connected  therewith  will  be  lifted  up,  which  will  in 
turn  lift  one  set  of  levers  gg  and  g1  g1,  and  thus  elevate  and  suspend  the 
action  of  one  set  of  harness  whilst  the  other  continues  to  operate.  The 
bars  n  nl  are  drawn  down  by  treadle  o  o1,  actuated  by  cams  p  p1  (the 
action  being  in  opposite  directions,  by  having  the  two  treadles  o  o1 
connected  by  rods  with  the  opposite  ends  of  balance-lever  q).  Treadle 
o  is  connected,  by  a  joint-link  r,  with  a  slide  s,  which  works  on  ways 
t  t ,  by  which  connection  the  slide  is  made  to  move  up  and  down  at 
every  rotation  of  the  cam-shaft ;  the  bars  n  n1  carry  a  spring-catch  u 

and  whenever  either  of  these  catches  is  forced  towards  the  slide  s , 
it  takes  hold  of  it  in  its  descent  and  draws  down  the  bar;  and  as  the 
bar  is  notched  at  v,  to  receive  a  spring-dog  w,  it  is  held  until  the  dog  is 
drawn  out.  Thus  the  two  bars  are  drawn  down  to  lift  up  either  of 
the  two  sets  of  harness,  or  liberated  to  permit  the  harness  to  be  op¬ 
erated  by  treadles.  The  time  when  either  set  of  harness  is  to  be  lifted 
and  be  liberated,  and  the  length  of  time  that  they  shall  be  suspended 
and  kept  in  action,  is  determined  by  a  cam-barrel  x,  with  four  cam  divis¬ 
ions,  1  2  3  4.  Cam-barrel  x  receives  slow  motion  by  worm-gearing, 
and  the  lour  divisions  are  so  disposed  as  to  act  each  on  one  of  four  spring- 
levers  ax  a 2  a?  a\  the  first  two  corresponding  with  the  bars  n  and  ft1,  so 
that  when  a  depression  of  the  divisions  in  the  cam-barrel  passes  under 
either  of  the  two  levers,  they  are  permitted  to  be  forced  by  the  tension 
of  their  springs,  and  thereby  to  force  in  the  spring-catches  u  u1  on  the 
bar- ft  or  ft1,  so  that  the  slide  5  will  catch  hold  of,  and  thus  draw  down 
the  appropriate  bar,  which  is  there  held  by  the  spring-dog.  I  he  cir¬ 
cumference  of  this  cam-barrel,  its  velocity  relatively  to  the  other  parts 
of  the  loom,  and  the  distance  between  the  several  depressions  in  the 
second  and  third  divisions  of  the  cam-barrel,  determine  the  periods 
when  either  of  the  two  bars  n  nl  shall  be  drawn  down  to  suspend  the 
action  of  either  of  the  two  sets  of  harness.  The  other  two  divisions 
determine  when  the  bars  shad  be  liberated,  which  is  done  by  the  two 
spring-levers  a 3  and  a4,  each  of  which  carries  a  pin  b 2,  which  passes 
through  the  corresponding  dog  w  that  holds  down  the  bar;  and  the  de¬ 
pressions  in  these  cams  permit  the  levers  to  descend,  so  that  these  pins 
may  pass  through  sufficiently  far  to  be  acted  upon  by  a  cam  projection 
on  slide  s,  which  forces  the  spring-dogs  out  of  and  liberates  the  bars. 

Claim. — The  method  of  forming  button-holes  in  the  process  ot  weav¬ 
ing  suspender  wrebbing  and  other  fabrics,  by  mounting  the  loom  with 
two  or  more  sets  of  harness,  each  governing  all  the  warp  threads  on 
one  side  of  the  intended  button-hole,  and  each  set  being  lifted  and  sus¬ 
pended,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

Also,  connecting  each  set  of  harness  under  the  before-named  method 
of  weaving  fabrics  with  button- holes,  with  a  bar  01  slide  governed  by 


398 


III. - FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


a  cam  and  catch,  or  the  equivalent  thereof,  to  suspend  the  operation 
of  either  set  of  harness,  substantially  as  described. 

Also,  in  combination  with  the  mechanism  described,  for  lifting  and 
suspending  the  action  of  the  sets  of  harness  or  any  equivalent  therefor, 
the  mechanism  tor  determining  the  period  of  the  suspension  of  the 
action  of  the  several  sets  of  harness,  or  any  equivalent  therefor,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  12,565. — Lewis  Van  Riper. — Improvement  in  Looms, — Patented 

March  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  72.) 

The  loom  is  provided  with  a  pair  of  heddles  K  and  L  of  the  usual  con¬ 
struction,  operated  by  treadles  M  and  cams  N  in  the  usual  manner,  so  as 
to  open  a  shed  at  each  beat  of  the  lay;  and  if  the  action  of  these  heddles 
upon  so  much  of  the  warp-threads  as  are  passed  through  them  is  not 
counteracted  or  modified,  plain  cloth  will  be  the  result.  But  a  small 
portion  of  the  warp-threads  are  passed  through  the  heddles,  while  the 
greater  part  of  them  are  passed  through  the  eyes  of  a  series  of  needles 
a  and  b ,  placed  in  front  of  the  heddles,  though  every  alternate  thread  of 
that  part  of  the  warp  which  is  to  be  woven  into  gauze-fabric  is  passed 
through  these  needles.  The  purpose  of  the  needles  is  to  intertwist  to¬ 
gether  between  each  weft-thread,  alternately  to  the  right  and  left,  every 
pair  of  warp-threads  through  them;  that  is,  one  thread  of  the  upper 
series  of  needles  and  the  corresponding  thread  of  the  lower  series  are 
intertwisted  or  twined  together  to  the  right  after  one  weft-thread  has 
been  thrown,  and  to  the  left  after  the  next  weft- thread  is  thrown. 
To  produce  this  effect  it  is  only  necessary  that  the  warps  of  the  two 
series  of  needles  should  be  crossed  at  every  second  pick  ;  for  their  return 
from  the  crossed  to  the  parallel  state  produces  the  reversed  twining. 

The  upper  series  of  comb -teeth  or  needles  a,  is  attached  to  and  pro¬ 
jects  downward  from  a  bar  o,  which  is  free  to  be  moved  up  and  down 
on  the  guide-rods  d  and  dl.  Prom  the  upper  side  of  this  bar  two  flexi¬ 
ble  or  jointed  standards  e  and  e1  project,  which  are  pivoted  to  the  inner 
ends  of  small  balance  beams  j  J1,  whose  fulcra  are  on  arms  depending 
from  the  beam  P,  which  connects  the  standard  Q,  which  support  the 
harness.  The  lower  series  of  needles  b  rest  upon  a  second  cross-bar 
R  (which  is  guided  in  the  same  manner  .as  bar  O).  This  bar  R  is  con¬ 
nected  by  link-rods  g  gl  to  the  outer  ends  of  the  balance  beam  ff1. 
Under  this  arrangement,  when  one  of  the  bars  with  its  series  of  needles 
is  depressed,  the  other  will  be  simultaneously  elevated.  This  eleva¬ 
tion  and  depression  is  effected  in  this  instance  by  connecting  the  lower 
bar  R  by  means  of  link-rods  h  hl  to  the  extremities  of  arms  k  k1,  that 
project  from  a  rock-shaft  S,  which  derives  motion  from  a  cam  T  on  the 
cam-shaft  j,  which  cam  is  of  peculiar  construction. 

This  cam  is  of  the  grooved  variety,  and  its  groove  l  in  shape  very 
nearly  resembles  the  figure  8;  so  that  a  pin  5  on  the  end  of  the  lever  or 
arm  k 2  which  traverses  this  groove,  will  give  to  the  arm  two  reciproca¬ 
ting  motions  or  vibrations  for  each  revolution  of  the  cam.  This  groove  l 
in  the  cam  is  capable  of  being  changed  in  form  by  means  of  a  pair  of 
hinged  shutters  or  gates  m ,  so  that  the  pin  s,  after  traversing  one  half  the 
figure  8,  will  pass  over  by  across  groove  n ,  and  retrace  its  path  through 


III. - FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


399 


the  same  half  of  the  figure  instead  of  traversing  the  other  half.  When 
the  cam  is  thus  made  to  pass  by  or  skip  one  half  of  the  groove  /,  the 
arm  k2  only  makes  one  vibration  to  one  revolution  of  the  cam-shaft. 
The  vibrations  of  the  arm  k 2  are  made  to  vary,  so  as  to  give  a  variable 
motion  to  the  needles  from  and  towards  each  other,  for  a  purpose  that 
will  be  hereafter  explained. 

The  journals  o  o1  on  which  the  gates  m  turn,  extend  through 
the  cam  to  the  side  of  a  rod  p,  so  that  the  gates  may  be  simultaneously 
opened  and  closed.  One  of  the  cranks  is  fitted  with  a  pin  q ,  which 
under  certain  circumstances  strikes  a  spiral  guide  or  cam  r  on  the  end 
of  a  lever  r1,  which,  by  its  peculiar  shape,  operates  to  turn  the  cranks 
about  60°  of  a  circle,  more  or  less,  so  as  to  open  and  close  the  gates  m , 
and  thus  vary  the  shape  of  the  groove.  When  the  lever  is  turned  so  as 
tobring  the  guide  r  without  the  range  of  motion  of  the  wrist-pin  q ,  the  cam- 
pin  s  traverses  the  whole  groove  l ;  but  when  the  groove  is  brought  within 
the  range  of  motion  of  the  pin  g,  the  latter  runs  on  it,  and  opens  the 
gates,  which  are  closed  immediately  after  the  passage  of  the  pin  ground 
the  guide  by  the  spring  p2,  which  bears  on  one  of  the  cranks  or  their 
connecting-rod,  when  the  cam-pin  only  traverses  the  half  groove  l. 
The  guide-rod  r  is  moved  into  and  out  of  the  range  of  the  revolution  of 
the  crank-pin  g,  by  means  of  the  joint-action  of  a  cam  u  on  the  cam¬ 
shaft,  and  a  cam  v  on  the  side  of  the  rachet-wheel  w,  by  which  the 
cloth-beam  is  turned  to  wind  up  the  cloth  as  fast  as  it  is  woven.  The 
cam  V  on  the  ratchet-wheel  is  a  segment  of  a  ring  of  about  seven-eighths 
of  a  circle.  The  office  of  this  annular  segment  is  to  hold  down  one 

o  ^ 

arm  t1  of  a  bell-crank  T1,  which  holds  the  other  arm  t  in  a  position 
more  remote  from  the  ratchet-wheel,  than  if  the  arm  t1  were  not  held 
down.  This  holds  the  front  extremity  of  the  lever  r 1  towards  the  mid¬ 
dle  of  the-  loam,  and  keeps  its  opposite  end  with  the  guider  out  of  the 
range  of  the  crank-pin  y,  and  the  pin  y,  projecting  from  a  branch  arm  to 
the  guide,  out  of  the  range  of  the  cam  U. 

When  the  space  between  the  ends  of  the  annular  segment  V  is 
brought  over  the  arm  t  of  the  bell-crank,  a  spring  w  acting  upon  the 
arm  t1  will  pull  it  towards  the  ratchet-wheel,  and  cause  the  other 
arm  to  rise  and  enter  the  notch  or  space  between  the  ends  ol  the  seg¬ 
ment.  This  will  throw  the  front  end  of  the  lever  rl  towards  the  ratch- 
wheel  W,  and  move  its  opposite  end  towards  the  cam,  bringing  the 
guide-scrole  r  within  the  plane  in  which  the  crank-pin  g  turns  and  the 
pin  n  within  the  plane  described  by  the  projection  u1  of  the  cam  U,  so 
that  the  gates  m  in  the  grooves  l  of  the  cam  will  be  opened  to  allow 
the  cam-pin  to  traverse  one  part  of  the  groove,  and  then  cross  back 
and  traverse  it  again,  making  a  single  vibration  of  the  arm  for  one 
revolution  of  the  cam,  instead  of  allowing  the  pin  s  to  pass  round  both 
ends  of  the  groove  and  give  two  strokes  or  vibrations  to  the  arm  for 
one  revolution  of  the  cam.  The  arm  t  remains  in  the  space  or  notch  v, 
except  for  an  instant  during  each  revolution  of  the  cam  U,  when  it 
strikes  the  pin  win  passing,  and,  turning  the  lever  r1,  withdraws  the  arm 
from  the  notch  for  an  instant,  which  will  permit  the  ratchet-wheel  to 
turn  if  the  requisite  number  of  weft-threads  have  been  woven  into  the 
roll  to  make  a  transverse  stripe  of  plain  cloth  of  the  width  required, 


III. - FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


40  > 

which  in  the  example  of  cloth  represented  in  the  drawings  is  five  weft- 
threads. 

The  ratchet-wheel  w  is  turned  and  the  cloth  wTound  up,  by  means  of 
a  ratchet-arm  x  on  a  vibrating  lever  X.  This  lever  is  bent  at.  the  point, 
so  that  a  portion  of  its  outer  end  is  inclined  to  the  radius  of  arc  in  which 
the  lever  turns.  This  inclined  end  of  the  lever  passes  between  a  pin 
y  projecting  from  the  side  of  the  sword  of  the  lay,  and  another  pin  just 
above  it , which  projects  from  the  side  of  an  arm  z;  so  that  when  the  lay 
moves  forward  to  beat  upon  the  weft,  the  pin  z  wall  press  against  and 
slide  along  the  upper  side  of  the  inclined  part  of  the  lever  and  depress 
it,  which  will  have  the  effect  of  pushing  forward  the  ratchet  and  turn¬ 
ing  the  wheel.  W,  which  turns  the  pinion  Y,  that  gears  into  a  wheel  z  on 
the  cloth-rod  C  and  winds  it  up.  On  the  return  back  of  the  lay,  the 
pin  y  will  strike  and  slide  along  the  under-side  of  the  inclined  part  ad  of 
the  lever,  elevating  its  inclined  end  and  depressing  the  opposite  end, 
which  will  pull  back  the  ratchet,  ready  to  be  again  pushed  forward 
to  turn  the  wffieel  w  and  the  notch  on  the  next  forward  stroke  of  the 

lay; 

The  arm  z  projects  down  from  a  shaft  z 2  on  the  back  of  the  lay, 
which  rests  in  bearings  in  brackets  Another  arm  2  projects  upwards 
from  this  shaft  z1,  and  is  jointed  to  a  bar  3  on  the  lay,  to  which  the 
reed  is  attached.  This  reed-bar  3  is  constantly  pressed  forward  by 
two  springs  4  on  the  back  of  the  lay,  and  when  the  weft-thread  is  beaten 
up,  the  reed  will  yield  and  press  these  springs  back;  which  prolectsthe 
web  from  being  beaten  up  too  forcibly  by  the  reed,  and  also  insures  its 
being  beaten  up  equably,  provided  the  cloth  is  taken  up  at  the  same 
speed  with  which  it  is  woven.  This  take-up  is  insured  by  making  the 
yielding  of  the  reed  windup  the  cloth.  This  is  done  by  the  bar  press¬ 
ing  the  arm  z  back,  when  the  reed  strikes  up  the  weft.  The  resistance 
of  the  weft  to  being  beaten  up,  turns  the  arm  z  with  its  pin  forward,  and 
causes  it  to  turn  the  lever  down  ;  if  the  reed  should  not  be  forced  back,, 
the  pin  5  would  remain  so  far  back  of  the  inclined  end  of  the  lever  xl 
that  it  would  not  press  it  down  on  the  forward  movement  of  the  lay, 
and  therefore,  on  that  beat  no  winding  up  would  take  place,  although 
a  weft-thread  would  be  put  in.  Now,  this  will  render  the  explanation 
of  the  unequal  feed  easy. 

Where  the  warps  are  twined  together,  the  weft- thread  cannot  be 
beaten  nearly  so  close  together  as  where  the  warps  are  not  twined ; 
therefore,  whenever  the  arm  t  of  the  lever  T1  drops  into  the  notch  of 
the  cam  V,  and  the  twisting  of  the  warps  ceases,  the  reed  will  meet 
with  less  resistance  in  beating  up  the  welt,  and  but  little  if  any  winding 
up  of  the  cloth  will  take  place  until  a  sufficient  number  of  additional 
weft- threads  are  thrown  across  to  compensate  the  twining,  which  in 
the  example  of  cloth  shown  in  the  drawing  is  five  picks,  when  the  feed 
will  be  resumed  and  the  notch  of  the  cam  turned  past  the  arm  t,  while 
the  latter  is  withdrawn  by  the  cam  u ,  as  hereinbefore  described,  and 
gauze  will  again  be  woven  until  the  notch  of  cam  V  again  comes  round 
to  the  lever  and  suspends  the  twining.  The  needles  for  twisting  the 
warp  are  of  two  kinds  :  one  a 1  and  6l,  w7ith  long  eyes  or  mails;  the  other 
a  and  0,  with  short  eyes.  Those  with  short  eyes  are  designed  to  move 
the  warp-threads  back  and  forth  wdienever  they  move,  while  those  wdtk 


in. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


401 


long  eyes  are  designed  to  move  the  warps  in  one  direction  only,  and  to 
move  freely  over  the  warps  in  other  directions  without  moving  them. 

The  eyes  of  these  needles  are  at  a  short  distance  from  their  ends, 
and  the  end  from  the  eye  outwards  is  beaten  into  the  form  of  a  thin 
wedge,  and  bent  as  represented,  while  the  shank  of  the  needle  is  round 
or  of  any  other  suitable  form.  These  needles  are  fastened,  by  the  end 
most  remote  from  the  eye,  to  a  stock  or  bar,  so  that  each  series  of 
needles  with  its  stock  resembles  a  comb.  The  needle-bars,  or  stocks, 
have  a  series  of  equi-distant  holes  set  out  for  the  needles ;  and  a  suffi¬ 
cient  number  of  the  long-eyed  needles  are  set  in  at  one  end  to  make  a 
strip  of  plain  cloth  of  the  required  width  for  selvages.  Next,  a  series 
of  short-eyed  needles  are  placed  in  the  stock,  omitting  one  hole  adja¬ 
cent  to  the  long-eyed  needles,  for  the  purpose  of  permitting  the  length¬ 
wise  stripes  to  be  woven  in  the  web  without  crossing  the  thread.  The 
number  of  short-eyed  needles  thus  placed  must  correspond  to  the  num¬ 
ber  of  meshes  required  in  the  stripe  of  gauze.  Next,  a  long-eyed 
needle  is  inserted ;  then  a  space  of  one  hole  is  left,  and  another  series 
of  short  needles  are  inserted;  and  so  these  operations  are  repeated  un¬ 
til  the  comb  is  complete.  The  upper  comb  of  needles  should  be  com¬ 
menced  to  be  inserted  at  the  opposite  end  of  the  stock  from  that  at 
which  those  in  the  lower  comb  are  inserted,  in  order  that  the  long-eyed 
needles  may  be  placed  at  opposite  sides  of  the  spaces  in  the  two  combs. 

Instead  of  bending  the  points  of  the  needles,  they  might  be  made 
straight ;  and  those  of  one  series  inclined  towards  those  of  the  other 
series,  so  that  their  tapered  points  might  overlap,  as  they  do  when  bent. 
The  stock  of  the  lower  series  has  a  lateral  as  well  as  an  up-and-down 
motion,  and  the  object  is  to  carry  the  threads  which  pass  through 
the  eyes  of  those  needles  alternately  to  the  right  and  left  of  the  threads 
which  pass  through  the  eyes  of  the  upper  series  of  needles,  prepar¬ 
atory  to  moving  them  up  and  down  to  form  the  shed.  This  gives  the 
twist  between  the  warps.  This  lateral  movement  of  the  needles  takes 
place  while  they  are  at  their  lowest  position  with  the  two  series  of 
warp-threads  separated  to  form  a  shed,  and  preparatory  to  being  raised; 
and  it  is  effected  by  means  of  a  spring-lever  i  vibrated  by  a  cam  j  or 
groove  round  the  surface  of  a  cylinder  that  runs  to  the  right  and  left 
alternately,  in  which  groove  a  pivot  traverses  that  projects  from  a  vibrat¬ 
ing  treadle  i1,  to  the  front  end  of  which  the  lever  i  is  connected.  The 
lateral  motion  of  lower  needle-stock  is  limited  by  an  arm  6,  which 
projects  down  from  it  between  two  brackets  f,  having  adjustable  set- 
acre  ws  to  limit  these  vibrations  of  the  needles. 

I  claim ,  first,  intertwining  the  warp-threads  in  the  manufacture  of 
gauze-fabrics,  by  the  employment  of  needles  having  a  compound  mo¬ 
tion,  substantially  as  described. 

2d.  Constructing  the  needles  for  working  the  warps  with  flat  or  thin 
and  crooked  ends,  substantially  as  described. 

3d.  Ihe  arrangement  of  the  needles  in  two  series,  and  giving  to  one 
or  both  series  a  compound  lateral  and  longitudinal  motion,  to  inter¬ 
twist  the  threads  which  the  two  carry,  and  at  the  same  time  open  a 
shed  for  the  insertion  of  the  weft-thread,  substantially  as  described. 

4th.  The  method  described  of  working  the  needles  so  as  to  cause 
26 


402 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


them  to  raise  and  lower,  and  intertwine  the  warps,  alternately  with 
simply  raising  and  lowering  them,  to  adapt  them  to  weaving  gauze 
and  plain  fabrics  alternately. 

5th.  The  combination  of  the  needles  and  heddles,  operating  au¬ 
tomatically,  substantially  as  described,  so  as  to  form  a  web  of  reticu¬ 
lated  bars  or  strips  of  plain  fabric  with  the  spaces  between  the  bars  or 
strips  filled  with  gauze. 

6th.  The  combination  of  the  yielding  reed  3,  the  lever  with  the 
pin  5  on  its  lower  end,  the  pin  y  on  the  sword  of  the  lay,  the  ratchet- 
lever  X,  with  its  double  inclined  planes  X1,  for  the  pins  to  act  upon, 
and  the  ratchet-wheel  W,  with  the  cloth-beam,  for  the  purpose  of 
winding  up  the  woven  fabric  at  a  variable  rate,  substantially  as  set 
forth. 

7th.  The  combination  of  the  mechanism  for  winding  up  the  woven 
cloth  with  the  cam  U,  and  the  intermediate  devices  for  the  purpose  of 
effecting  the  requisite  changes  in  the  variable  cam  T. 

8th.  The  variable  cam  T,  for  the  purpose  of  changing  the  opera¬ 
tion  of  the  needles,  as  set  forth,  to  adapt  them  to  weaving  plain  and 
gauze  fabric,  alternately  set  forth. 


No.  12,593. — David  S.  Harris. — Improvement  in  Looms. — Patented 

March  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  73.) 

D,  shuttle-guard  secured  to  the  lay  cap  b  by  two  staples  c  c ,  which 
serve  as  bearings.  The  rod  D  is  cranked,  to  throw  it  forward  over  the 
shuttle  race  to  enable  it  to  lay  over  the  shuttle,  (see  figure  2,)  and  the 
end  nearest  the  shipper  E  is  bent  backwards  over  the  lay  cap  to  form 
an  arm  d ,  to  be  connected  by  a  light  rod  e  with  the  longer  arm  of 
lever  f  The  shuttle-guard  is  represented  in  figure  3  as  being  raised. 

The  inventor  says:  1  do  not  claim  the  shuttle-guard,  as  I  am  aware 
that  shuttle-guards  substantially  similar  to  that  I  have  shown  have 
been  employed,  attached  fixedly  to  the  lay,  or,  if  movable,  requiring 
to  be  moved  by  hand  ;  and  I  do  not  confine  myself  to  the  use  of  a 
shuttle-guard  constructed  precisely  like  that  described  ; 

But  I  claim  the  connection  of  the  shuttle-guard,  in  any  way  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described,  with  the  belt-shipper,  in  such  a  manner  that 
when  the  loom  is  in  gear,  the  guard  may  stand  over  the  shuttle-race  in 
such  a  way  as  to  prevent  the  shuttle  flying  out  of  the  loom  ;  but  when 
the  loom  is  out  of  gear,  the  guard  may  be  raised  out  of  the  way  of  the 
attendant,  to  enable  threads  to  be  picked  out  or  drawn  through  the 
reed,  or  such  other  manipulations  to  be  performed  as  may  be  neces¬ 
sary. 


No.  12,596. — Wm.  S.  Irish. — Improvement  in  Looms . — Patented  March 
27,  1855.  (Plates,  page  73.) 

The  harness  Q  is  placed  between  upright  guides  Q2.  The  harness 
is  provided  with  shoes  P1,  one  face  of  each  presenting  an  inverted  in¬ 
cline  to  the  cams  P,  which  are  so  arranged,  that  in  their  revolutions 
they  act  immediately  and  simultaneously  upon  the  shoes,  and  thus 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE.  403 

raise  alternately  the  different  leaves  of  the  harness,  which  latter  fall 
back  by  their  own  gravity. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  harness-frame,  uprights,  cams, 
or  shoes ; 

But  I  claim  the  method  of  raising  the  harness  by  the  immediate  ap¬ 
plication  of  the  cams  to  the  shoes,  or  projections  of  the  harness,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,630. — Barton  H.  Jenks. — Improvement  in  Looms. — Patented 

April  3,  1855. — Ante-dated  January  8,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  73.) 

Whenever  the  shuttle-boxes  C  are  lifted  by  the  rod  D,  the  move¬ 
ment  of  the  sleeve  Q  up  or  down  will  force  the  wedge  d  of  the  arm 
P  out  of  that  notch  e  in  which  it  may  be  (the  notches  e  being  formed 
on  a  rib  projecting  from  sleeve  Q);  the  wedge  when  forced  out  will  be 
held  by  the  rib  between  the  notches,  until  the  box  is  changed  to  the  re¬ 
quired  position  to  present  another  shuttle  to  the  action  of  the  picker, 
when  the  wedge  will  drop  into  another  notch,  being  forced  therein  by 
the  spring  M  acting,  through  lever  K,  upon  lever  P.  When  the  wedge 
d  is  forced  out  of  the  notches,  the  lower  vertical  arm  p  of  lever  P  is 
moved  outwards ;  this  raises  the  horizontal  arm  P,  and  that  in  turn 
raises  the  horizontal  arm  K1  of  lever  K,  which  moves  the  upper  end 
of  arm  Je  outwards,  thus  permitting  the  spring-lever  H  to  draw  the 
picker  outwards  far  enough  to  disengage  it  from  the  outer  end  of  the 
shuttle,  as  shown  by  dotted  lines  in  figure  2. 

Claim. — The  yielding-rest  or  support  for  the  picker,  arranged  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described,  to  break  the  sudden  blow  or  concussion  with 
which  the  shuttle  impinges  upon  the  picker,  thereby  preventing  the 
filling  of  the  cop  from  being  jarred  off  and  entangled,  and  relieving 
the  picker  from  danger  of  being  broken. 

Also,  separating  or  freeing  the  picker  from  the  end  of  the  shuttle 
by  the  same  movement  which  shifts  the  shuttle-boxes,  operating 
through  a  combination  of  levers,  cams,  and  springs,  substantially  as 
set  forth,  or  through  levers,  cams,  or  treadles,  worked  from  any  part 
of  the  loom. 


No.  12,762. — J.  G.  Melville  and  William  Brayshaw. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Looms. — Patented  April  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  74.) 

Driving-shaft  B  carries  two  cams  C  and  D,  the  one  of  which  plays 
against  lever  E,  and  the  other  against  lever  F,  both  these  levers  having 
their  fulcra  adjustable  in  slots  a  a.  The  vibrations  of  lever  F  impart 
(by  means  of  pawl  J  and  ratchet  I)  an  intermittent  motion  to  drum  G 
and  its  belt,  which  carries  the  lags  d ,  into  which  are  secured  the  figuring 
wires  e,  these  latter  being  of  different  lengtt  s,  as  usual  in  such  machines. 
The  end  of  lever  E  vibrates  lever  K,  the  back  end  of  which  rests 
against  the  wires  e  ;  its  front  end  takes  either  into  the  ratchet  teeth  of 
segment  M,  or  into  those  of  segment  N,  or  it  plays  between  the  two 
without  touching  either  of  them,  according  as  the  back  end  comes 
to  rest  against  the  long  or  the  short  wires,  or  against  the  lags, 
which  carry  no  wires.  When  the  front  end  of  lever  K  plays  between 


404 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


the  segments,  the  rack-bar  Q  (to  which  is  pivoted,  in  r,  the  lifting-rod 
R  which  carries  the  shuttle-boxes  S)  will  be  stationary ;  as  soon  as 
lever  K  operates  upon  segments  M  or  N,  the  teeth  i  will  respectively 
lift  or  depress  the  rack-bar,  and  consequently  the  shuttle-boxes.  When 
either  one  of  the  segments  is  operating  the  rack,  this  rack  will  also 
turn  the  other  segment  simultaneously,  so  as  to  keep  it  always  in  proper 
position  to  catch  the  end  of  lever  K,  when  it  is  changed  by  the  action 
of  the  wires  from  one  segment  to  the  other.  Spring  m  takes  into  re¬ 
cesses  7  in  the  rack-bar,  and  serves  to  keep  it  in  the  position  into 
which  it  has  been  brought  by  the  action  of  lever  K,  without  offering  too 
much  resistance  to  allow  the  rack  to  be  moved  by  the  segments. 

The  shaft  T  carries  at  its  opposite  end  a  toothed  segment  W,  which 
serves  (as  is  apparent  from  figure  2)  to  move  lifting-rod  Y  and  shuttle- 
boxes  U  always  in  a  direction  opposite  to  rod  R  and  shuttle-boxes  S, 
by  which  arrangement  the  two  sets  of  shuttle-boxes  are  made  to 
balance  each  other  in  their  motions. 

The  inventors  say :  We  are  fully  aware  that  a  forked  bar,  through 
a  series  of  cog-gearing  and  ratchets,  has  been  used  for  operating  the 
shuttle-boxes  of  looms.  This  we  do  not  claim ; 

But  we  do  claim,  in  combination  with  a  vibrating  bar  or  lever,  one 
or  more  segments  M  N,  whose  perimeters  are  partially  provided  with 
cog  and  partially  with  ratchet  teeth,  for  the  purpose  of  operating  the 
shuttle-boxes  of  figuring  looms  through  the  intervention  of  a  straight 
rack,  so  that  we  dispense  with  several  of  the  pieces  heretofore  used, 
and  thus  cheapen  and  simplify  the  mechanism,  as  set  forth ;  whilst  the 
same  ends  are  obtained  as  by  the  more  complicated  machinery  at 
present  used  for  this  purpose. 

No.  12,780. — Laroy  Litchfield. — Improvement  in  Shuttles for  Looms.— 

Patented  May  1,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  74.) 

The  pin  c,  when  the  spindle  is  in  its  operative  position  (figure  1),  stands 
nearly  in  line  with  the  spindle ;  and  the  spring  d,  by  exerting  its  force 
above  the  pin  h,  throws  up  the  heel  c  of  the  spindle  against  a  bear¬ 
ing  (the  head  of  regulating  screw  h  serving  as  such)  in  the  body  of 
the  shuttle,  and  holds  the  spindle  firm. 

Claim. — The  backward  extension  of  the  heel  c  of  the  spindle,  as 
described,  combined  with  the  application  of  the  spring  d  above  the 
said  heel,  and  above  and  in  rear  of  the  pin  h  on  which  the  spindle 
moves  in  such  manner  as  to  hold  the  spindle  in  its  operative  position 
by  throwing  its  heel  upwards  against  a  proper  fixed  bearing,  substantially 
as  herein  described. 


No.  12,781. — Ezra  P.  Marble. — Improvement  in  Shuttles  for  Looms. — 

Patented  May  1,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  74.) 

The  operation  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the 
illustration. 

Claim. — Attaching  the  catch  C,  which  confines  the  bobbin  or  cop  on 
the  spindle  to  a  pin  e ,  which  works  perpendicularly  through  the  spindle, 
and  is  acted  upon  for  the  purpose  of  throwing  and  holding  the  catch  in 
operation  by  a  spiral  spring  g ,  or  its  equivalent,  and  acted  upon  for  the 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


405 


purpose  of  throwing  the  catch  out  of  operation  by  coming  in  contact 
as  the  spindle  is  raised  with  a  plate  D,  or  other  fixed  stop,  the  whole 
operating  substantially  as  described,  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,879. — Jeremiah  C.  Tilton. — Improvement  in  Temples  for 

Looms. —  Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  74.) 

The  spring-hook  A  is  formed  of  a  thin  metal  plate,  with  its  front  end 
bent  downward  in  the  form  of  a  hook,  and  serrated  as  seen  at  a.  The 
spring  cloth-bender  B,  consisting  of  a  broad  thin  metallic  plate,  is  ap¬ 
plied  to  the  underside  of  the  shank  of  the  spring-hook ;  and  when  the 
loom  is  in  operation,  the  selvage  of  the  cloth  C  passes  between  the  two 
parts  A  and  B.  The  cloth-bender  B  bends  the  cloth  upward  in  rear  of 
the  teeth  b ,  as  shown  in  fig.  2,  it  serving  to  insure  the  seizure  of  the 
cloth  by  the  teeth. 

By  means  of  set-screw  D  and  slot  E,  the  distance  of  the  front  end 
of  B  from  the  teeth  can  be  adjusted. 

G  is  the  shoe  for  supporting  the  temple  upon  the  breast-beam  of  a 
loom. 

The  inventor  says :  I  lay  no  claim  to  the  spring-jaw  temple,  made 
and  operated  as  above  described, #  nor  do  I  claim  the  stationary  or  in¬ 
flexible  spur-plate  temple,  made  of  a  rigid  bar,  provided  with  pins  or 
points  inclined  at  an  angle  to  the  direction  in  which  the  lay  beats  up  ; 

But  I  do  claim  the  combination  of  the  serrated  spring-hook  and  the 
spring  cloth-bender  as  applied  and  made  to  operate  together,  substan¬ 
tially  in  manner  as  specified. 


No.  12,941. — John  Avery.  —  Improvement  in  the  Shuttle  Motion  of 

Looms. — Patented  May  29,  1 855.  (Plates,  p.  75.) 

The  picker-staff  E  is  so  arranged  (see  engraving)  that  its  action  on 
the  shuttle  (hung  in  the  usual  way)  shall  cease  when  it  has  reached 
a  perpendicular  position  (see  dotted  line).  If  the  picker-staff  would 
pass  further,  it  would  (after  passing  the  perpendicular  line)  begin  to 
depress  the  heel  of  the  shuttle,  and  elevate  its  forward  end,  so  as  to 
cause  it  to  shoot  out  of  the  loom.  But  before  reaching  the  vertical  line, 
the  tendency  of  the  staff  is  to  depress  the  forward  part  of  the  shuttle, 
which  is  desirable  in  weaving. 

Claim. — In  contradistinction  from  the  operating  of  shuttles  by  a  staff 
having  a  rectilinear  motion,  however  produced,  is  the  hanging  of  the 
staff  upon  a  fixed  pin  or  centre,  and  so  vibrating  it  in  regard  to  the 
shuttle,  as  that  the  shuttle  shall  take  its  forward  motion  from  the  picker- 
staff  always  with  its  heel  on  the  rise,  and  its  point  dipped  towards  the 
shed,  by  means  substantially  such  as  herein  described,  and  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  set  forth. 


*See  the  inventor’s  specification. 


406 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


No.  12,970. — Daniel  W.  Snell. — Improvement  in  Looms . — Patented 

May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  75.) 

Arm  E  plays  loosely  on  shaft  F,  and  rests  on  the  eccentric  D,  on 
driving-shaft  B.  The  upper  end  of  arm  E  carries  pawl  H,  working 
into  ratchet-wheel  I,  which  latter  is  fixed  upon  shaft  F  ;  bevel-gear  K 
is  also  fast  on  shaft  F,  and  gears  into  wheel  L  on  shaft  M,  the  end  of 
which  shaft  carries  the  worm  N  that  works  into  wheel  O  on  the  yarn- 
beam  shaft  C.  The  parts  described  constitute  the  driving-machinery. 
The  regulating  apparatus  consists  of  the  following  parts :  R  is  the 
regulating  lever  which  rocks  on  shaft  F,  and  one  end  of  which  rests 
against  the  periphery  of  the  yarn  on  beam  C  ;  the  other  arm  being 
bent  around  gear  K,  and  jointed  to  one  arm  of  rocker-lever  S,  that  plays 
freely  upon  shaft  F,  and  carries  a  slide  T,  that  covers  a  portion  of  the 
periphery  of  ratchet  I,  and  is  interposed  between  it  and  pawl  H.  The 
lever  R  moves  towards  the  axis  of  the  beam  as  the  warp-thread 
is  unwound  from  the  beam,  and  at  the  same  time  its  shorter  arm  will 
be  depressed  so  as  to  move  slide  T,  thereby  exposing  more  of  the 
teeth  of  the  ratchet  to  the  action  of  the  pawl,  which  latter  has  a  con¬ 
stant  reciprocating  motion.  Thus  the  extent  of  rotary  movement  of 
the  ratchet-wheel  will  be  gradually  increased  as  the  diameter  of  the 
yarn-beam  increases. 

Claim. — In  combination  with  the  yarn-beam,  and  mechanism  for 
producing  rotary  motion  of  it,  mechanism  made  to  operate  substantially 
as  described,  and  governed  in  its  action  by  the  varying  diameter  of  the 
yarn-beam  itself,  as  specified  ;  the  same  producing  upon  the  yarn-beam 
a  positive  let-oft  or  regular  delivery  movement,  that  is  independent  of, 
or  not  governed  or  controlled  either  by  any  positive  take-up  mechanism, 
or  any  mechanism,  to  regulate  the  delivery  of  the  warps  by  tension, 
and  rigidly  hold  them  when  the  lay  beats  up  against  the  weft. 


No.  12,981. — Jos.  Welsh. — Improvement  in  Looms. — Patented  May  29, 

1855.  (Plates,  p.  75.) 

On  the  entrance  of  the  shuttle  within  the  box,  the  swell  attached  to 
the  back  of  the  box  is  forced  out  in  the  usual  position,  which  swell,  being 
in  contact  with  the  finger  K,  causes  its  lower  end  to  lift  the  latch  B  ; 
so  that  in  the  forwTard  motion  of  the  lay  the  said  latch  comes  in  contact 
with  the  stop  A,  and  the  latch  being  confined  within  the  slotted  projec¬ 
tion/  of  the  rock-shaft  C,  this  latter  is  caused  to  press  back  the  projec- 
ingarm  D,  which  is  adjustably  fixed  upon  the  cylindrical  stud  E,  thus 
causing  a  partial  rotation  of  the  said  stud,  which  carrying  with  it  the  at¬ 
tached  curved  piece  or  picker-stopper  I,  allows  the  picker  to  recede  in 
contact  therewith  the  full  distance  required  from  the  tip  of  the  shuttle 
opposite  thereto,  before  the  shuttle-box  commences  to  move  ;  and  when 
the  shuttle  is  not  in  the  box,  the  latch  B,  resting  upon  the  lower  part  of 
the  loose  finger  K,  will  sink  writh  it  sufficiently  to  pass  beneath  said  stop 
A,  so  as  to  avoid  any  contact  therewith ;  and  thus  the  rock-shaft  C,  and 
consequently  the  picker- stopper  I,  is  not  actuated,  and  therefore  the 
picker-stopper  remains  stationary,  supporting  the  picker  in  position  for 
receiving  or  throwing  the  next  shuttle  when  required.  Unless  a 


m. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


407 


shuttle  is  in  the  box  which  may  be  opposite  to  the  picker,  no  receding 
motion  of  the  picker  can  take  place;  and  also  whenever  a  shuttle  is  in 
the  said  box,  the  picker-stopper  I  must  always  recede  and  allow  the 
picker  to  follow,  and  thus  be  separated  from  the  tip  of  the  shuttle  at 
every  forward  motion  of  the  lay,  and  before  the  box  commences  to 
move ;  or,  as  it  is  sometimes  necessary  for  only  one  shuttle  to  be  used, 
and  therefore  no  receding  motion  of  the  picker  is  required,  the  finger  K 
has  only  to  be  shifted  aside  off  the  swell,  and  the  picker  will  of  course 
not  be  caused  to  recede.  If  the  latch  B  is  permanently  elevated  in  the 
slotted  end  b  of  the  rock-shalt,  so  as  to  come  in  contact  with  stop  A  at 
every  forward  motion  ol  the  lay,  the  picker- stopper  will  recede  at 
every  such  forward  motion  whether  the  box  moves  forward  or  not. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  a  yielding  rest  or  support  for  the 
picker,  either  to  break  the  sudden  blow  or  concussion  with  which  the 
shuttle  impinges  upon  the  picker,  or  for  other  purposes,  as  this  device 
has  been  in  use  in  England  for  some  time,  and  also  in  this  country. 

Nor  do  I  claim  separating  or  freeing  the  picker  from  the  end  of  the 
shuttle  by  the  same  movement  which  shifts  the  shuttle -boxes,  as  this 
principle  has  been  discovered,  and  several  devices  for  carrying  out  the 
same  patented.  (See  patents  granted  to  Barton  H.  Jenks,  April  4,  1855, 
ante-dated  January  8,  1855,  and  to  Joseph  Welsh,  January  9,  1855.) 

Nor  do  I  claim  holding  the  picker  forward  in  movable  shuttle-box 
looms,  for  the  purpose  of  stopping  the  shuttle  thereby,  and  causing 
the  picker,  after  having  stopped  the  shuttle,  to  recede,  as  and  by  the 
devices,  or  their  equivalents,  patented  by  James  Eccles,  January  23, 
1855. 

Nor  do  I  claim  the  use  of  a  shuttle -stopper  as  a  picker-stopper, 
when  the  said  stopper  receives  its  motion  from  any  part  of  the  loom, 
and  independently  of  the  picker  and  shuttle-box,  or  either  ol  them,  as 
patented  by  me,  October  3,  1854. 

Nor,  finally,  do  I  confine  my  claim  herein  to  the  precise  devices 
described  and  set  forth,  for  conveying  either  the  joint  or  several 
actions  of  the  stop  A  and  acting  shuttle  to  the  picker,  as  described. 

But  I  claim  actuating  the  picker-stopper  by  means  of  the  shuttle 
which  is  required  to  be  relieved  from  the  picker,  and  so  that  the  top 
or  point  of  the  same  may  be  finally  relieved  as  described,  before  the 
box  containing  it  commences  to  move,  substantially  as  described  and 
set  forth,  or  by  means  of  the  stud  A  in  combination  with  the  rock- shaft 
C,  or  its  equivalent  adjustable  arm  D  and  moving  stud  E,  irrespective 
of  the  action  of  the  shuttle  upon  the  swell,  substantially  and  lor  the 
purpose  as  described. 


No.  13,022. — Wm.  Whiteside  and  John  Shinn. — Improvements  in 
Looms. — Patented  June  5,  1855.  (PUtes,  p.  76.) 

One  end  of  lever  T  (pivoted  in  the  middle)  works  on  the  cam  S,  and 
the  motion  is  communicated  to  levers  (J  by  means  of  rods  V  to  open 
the  warp  shed  evenly  both  ways.  At  the  lifting  and  depressing  ends 
of  the  levers  C  are  attached  straps  Q  which  passover  the  rollers  F  and 
connect  with  the  travelling  rods  E  in  the  loops  O,  and  as  the  shed  closes, 
the  rods  E  will  bring  the  hooks  a  to  their  proper  position  to  be  ready  for 


408 


HI. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


the  next  movement  of  the  pattern-roller.  The  pattern-roller  com¬ 
municates  motion  to  vertical  levers  J,  which  work  upon  a  centre  pin 
attached  to  the  loom  frame,  so  that  the  pattern-roller  presses  the  top  of 
the  levers  when  it  is  necessary  to  draw  the  harness  down  and  uncon¬ 
nect  the  top  hook  and  connect  the  bottom  hook,  and  so  on,  as  the  pat¬ 
tern  is  changed,  by  which  means  we  get  a  variegated  shed.  Also,  pro¬ 
viding  the  loom  with  levers  L,  hung  on  studs  attached  to  the  sides  of  the 
loom-frame :  on  one  end  is  a  cam,  operated  on  by  the  swinging  plate 
K  attached  to  the  lay,  which  operates  only  in  the  backward  motion  of  the 
lay,  and  as  the  lay  gives  back,  the  plates  K  will  come  in  contact 
with  the  cams  on  the  levers  L  and  depress  them  at  that  end  and  cause 
the  other  end  to  rise,  which  is  connected  to  the  picking-staff’s  pulleys 
by  means  of  straps,  and  gives  motion  to  the  pickers  in  the  usual  man¬ 
ner.  Also,  providing  the  rod  g  in  front  of  the  reed  and  made  to  vibrate 
on  arms  which  are  attached  to  studs  or  pins  fastened  on  the  back  of  the 
lay  in  such  a  manner  that  the  rod  will  rise  and  fall  freely  in  front  of  the 
reed.  The  rod  g  is  connected  to  the  rod  I,  which  is  an  ordinary  pro¬ 
tecting  rod  with  the  protecting  finger  H  on  it,  by  means  of  the  connex¬ 
ions  y.  On  the  rod  I  is  a  finger  e ,  under  which  is  a  cam  c  attached  to 
the  loom-frame ;  as  the  lay  goes  back,  the  finger  e  comes  in  contact 
with  cam  c ,  causing  the  rods  I  and  G  to  rise  for  the  shuttle  to  pass 
under  the  rod  G ;  and  should  the  shuttle  fail  to  enter  the  box,  it  will 
arrest  the  downward  motion  of  the  rod  G,  and  cause  the  finger  H  on 
the  rod  I  to  strike  the  lever  P  on  the  breast  A,  which  will  shift  the 
driving-strap  and  immediately  arrest  the  further  advance  of  the  lay. 
Also,  providing  the  loom  with  the  staple  or  loop  M  attached  to  the 
rod  r  and  placed  on  the  front  of  the  lay  near  the  mouth  of  the  shuttle- 
box,  and  operated  by  the  swell  N.  As  the  shuttle  enters  the  box  it 
presses  out  the  swell,  and  the  staple  falls  across  the  race  of  the  lay  ; 
and  if  there  be  no  weft-thread  across  the  opening  in  the  race  of  the  lay, 
the  staple  M  will  fall  through  the  opening  and  strike  the  balanced  catch 
U,  which  is  placed  a  little  below  the  race,  so  as  to  let  the  shuttle  pass 
over  it.  If  the  thread  is  broken  or  the  bobbins  exhausted,  the  staple 
M  will  press  the  catch  under  the  arm  of  the  rod  I  at  the  connexion  yf 
and  cause  the  finger  H  to  strike  the  lever  P  and  stop  the  loom,  as  before 
described. 

The  inventors  say :  We  do  not  claim  the  controlling  of  the  whole 
series  of  harness,  or  a  part  of  them,  by  one  lever  at  the  top  of  the  loom* 
and  a  number  of  levers  at  the  bottom  of  the  loom; 

But  we  claim  the  combination  and  arrangement  of  one  lever  at  the 
bottom  of  the  loom  with  one  at  the  top,  in  such  a  manner  as  to  control 
any  number  of  levers  of  harness  that  may  be  desirable,  and  open  the 
warp  shed  evenly  both  ways,  as  described. 

2d.  We  also  claim  the  combination  of  the  guides,  travelling-rods,  the 
rollers  F  F,  and  straps  connecting  the  levers  C  C,  for  the  purpose  of 
bringing  the  hooks  to  their  proper  place  in  time  to  be  ready  for  the 
next  movement  of  the  pattern-roller,  as  described. 

3d.  We  do  not  claim  the  vertical  levers  for  the  purpose  of  opening 
the  warp  shed ;  but  we  do  claim  them  in  combination  with  the  wires  W 
for  the  purpose  of  actuating  the  hooks  as  described. 

4th.  We  do  not  claim  the  swinging  plates  K  K ;  but  we  do  claim  the 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


409 


combination  of  the  swinging  plates  K  K  with  the  levers  L  L,  or  the 
equivalent  arrangement  of  the  same,  for  the  purpose  of  actuating  the 
pickers,  as  described. 

5th.  We  claim  the  rod  G  or  its  equivalent,  so  arranged  with  the  rod 
I,  that  when  the  shuttle  is  arrested  in  front  of  the  reed,  it  will  cause 
the  protecting  finger  H  to  strike  the  lever  P  and  shift  the  driving  strap, 
and  immediately  arrest  the  further  advance  of  the  lay,  as  described. 

6th.  The  following  we  claim  as  an  improvement  on  the  machine  of 
E.  Burt,  dated  June  20,  1845,  in  which  the  said  E.  Burt  claims  the 
hanging  weft  protector  on  the  race  of  the  lay  itself.  The  hanging  ol  the 
loop  on  the  race  we  do  not  claim;  but  we  claim  the  balance-catch  U, 
in  combination  with  the  loop  M,  and  operated  by  ,  the  swell  N,  so  that 
when  the  weft-thread  is  broken  or  exhausted  it  will  immediately  arrest 
the  motion  of  the  loom  in  the  first  forward  motion  of  the  lay,  as  de¬ 
scribed. 


No.  13,152. — Jacob  Senneff. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  making 

Harness  for  Looms. — Patented  June  26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  77.) 

A  detailed  description  of  this  improvement  would  occupy  too  much 
space  to  be  given  in  this  report.  Its  principal  features,  however,  can 
&  understood  from  the  claims  and  engravings. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  method  of  winding  the  heddles  on  the  shafts  s,  by 
revolving  the  tube  R,  through  which  the  yarn  is  supplied  from  the 
spool  at  its  end,  alternately  around  the  shafts  and  flanges  J2  surrounding 
the  stationary  cylinders  J,  as  they  pass  through  said  cylinders,  and 
guiding  the  same  by  the  followers  or  guides  S  at  its  ends,  passing 
through  the  cylinder  spaces  or  slots  M,  communicating  with  each  other, 
and  delivering  the  yarn  to  the  shafts  during  the  revolutions  of  the  tube, 
from  the  end  of  the  grooved  radial  swinging  arm  T,  turning  loosely  on 
its  end  as  described. 

2d.  The  combination  of  the  adjustable  spring  T3  and  radial  swinging 
arm  T  with  the  tube  R,  for  delivering  and  tempering  the  tension  of 
the  yarn,  as  described. 

3d.  The  combination  and  arrangement  of  the  bent  rods  U  on  the 
rock-shaft  V,  alternately  operated  upon  by  the  tension  of  the  yarn  as 
it  is  laid  on  the  shafts  s;  eccentric  cam  4 ;  slotted  bar  X,  having  a  notch 
3  on  its  side,  and  enlarged  at  its  lower  end ;  hub  10,  with  the  inclined 
surface  corresponding  with  the  inclined  surface  of  the  enlarged  part 
of  the  slotted  bar;  and  the  horizontal,  longitudinal  and  transverse  sliding 
rods  8  a;  the  whole  forming  the  essential  parts  of  the  apparatus  for 
stopping  the  machine,  upon  the  breakage  of  the  yarn,  in  the  manner 
set  forth. 


No.  13,186. — Samuel  T.  Thomas. — Improvement  in  Looms. — Patented 
July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  78.) 

A  stud  at  the  end  of  lever  S  is  worked  by  a  groove  on  the  cam  R. 
The  lever  has  its  fulcrum  at  T,  and  has  its  front  end  fixed  to  one 
end  of  a  flexible  strap  U,  whose  opposite  end  is  fastened  to  the  picker- 
staff  V,  which  extends  into  and  works  the  shuttle-box  W.  The  strap 
U  is  to  be  sufficiently  stiff  to  force  the  picker-staff’  backwards  imme- 


410 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


diately  after  each  throw  of  the  shuttle,  and  while  the  lever  S  is  moving 
in  a  direction  towards  the  staff.  Thus  this  stiff,  and  still  somewhat 
flexible,  strap  performs  both  the  functions  of  drawing  the  picker-staff 
and  of  forcing  it  backward. 

The  forked  lever  Y  is  applied  to  a  stationary  projection  c1,  fastened 
to  breast-beam  E,  and  a  small  pitman  d 1  is  jointed  to  the  upper  arm  of 
lever  X,  which  pitman  turns  upon  fulcrum  e1,  and  operates  in  connexion 
with  a  small  rocker  lever  /1?  which  works  in  lever  X,  and  is  composed 
of  a  shaft  and  two  arms  g1  A1.  Arm  h1  rests  and  works  against  an 
inclined  plane  i1,  formed  on  the  under  side  of  the  gravitating  arm  of 
pitman  d1,  the  other  arm  gl  extending  upward  from  the  lever,  and  so 
that,  when  the  catch-hook  of  lever  Y  falls  downward,  it  may  come  into 
the  path  of  movement  of  said  arm,  and  thpreby  catch  upon  said  arm, 
so  as  to  cause  lever  fl  to  be  rotated,  and  to  produce  the  depression 
of  the  front  arm  of  pitman  d1.  When  such  arm  is  depressed  and  moved 
forward,  it  will  be  carried  into  contact  with  lever  A1  of  the  shipper  Z1, 
and  will  move  said  lever  so  as  to  force  said  shipper  off  the  shoulder  or 
notch  ml  of  its  slotted  guide-plate  n 1.  The  helical  spring  o ,  fixed  to 
lever  fl  and  lever  X,  operates  so  as  to  retract  f1  when  X  moves  back¬ 
ward.  The  gravitating  arm  of  d1,  when  relieved  ot  the  pressure  of/1, 
will  fall  and  raise  the  front  arm  of  the  pitman  entirely  above  the  lever 
A1,  bv  which  the  shipper  is  actuated.  Thus  the  only  strain  upon  the 
catch-hook  of  Y  is  that  which  is  just  sufficient  to  move  rocker-arm/1 
and  the  piiman. 

The  yarn-beam  F  is  furnished  with  friction  pulley  p1.  One  end  of 
cord  r1  is  fastened  to  lower  end  of  lever  s1,  which  latter  is  suspended  at 
its  upper  end.  The  other  end  of  the  friction  cord  is  attached  to  pin/1, 
which  slides  through  ear  u1,  extending  from  lever  s1.  The  helical  spring 
v1  serves  to  tighten  the  friction  cord.  The  lever  s1  rests  against  spring 
x1,  so  as  to  allow  the  yarn-beam  to  turn  a  little,  and  accommodate 
itself  to  strain  or  draught,  produced  by  the  beat  of  the  lay  or  the  spring¬ 
ing  of  the  harnesses. 

Figure  2  represents  a  front  view  of  the  left  end  of  the  loom.  Figure 
1,  a  plan  of  the  same.  Figure  3,  an  end  view  of  the  same.  Figure  5, 
a  cross  section  of  the  loom. 

The  inventor  says :  I  claim  the  improvement  of  working  the  picker- 
staff  in  opposite  directions,  by  means  of  a  flexible  staff,  having  sufficient 
stiffness  to  move  said  picker-staff  backward,  when  said  strap  is  moved 
by  a  lever,  substantially  as  described. 

I  also  claim  combining  with  the  operating  lever  X  and  the  forked 
lever  y  of  the  stop-motion,  a  lever  or  pitman  d1  and  a  tripping  or  rocker 
lever f1,  or  the  equivalent  thereof;  the  same  being  for  the  purpose  of 
operating  the  lever  of  the  shipper,  and  relieving  the  forked  lever  y  of 
strain,  as  specified  ;  the  said  improvement  enabling  to  be  used  a  forked 
lever  y,  of  great  lightness  and  delicacy  of  construction,  and  capable  of 
being  operated  by  the  finest  qualities  of  weft  and  thread. 

I  do  not  claim  applying  a  friction  pulley  and  band  to  the  yarn-beam  ; 
nor  do  I  claim  sustaining  the  warp  by  means  of  a  guide  roller  supported 
by  upright  levers,  operated  with  weighted  levers,  by  two  sectors  and 
gears,  and  for  the  purpose  of  maintaining  an  equality  of  tension  on  the 
warp  during  the  weaving  operation  ; 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


411 


But  what  T  do  claim  is,  arranging  and  combining  the  friction  pulley  p1, 
the  band  r1,  the  levers  s  ,  and  spring  X1,  or  its  equivalent,  so  as  to  ope¬ 
rate  together,  and  with  respect  to  the  yarn-beam,  substantially  as  spe¬ 
cified. 


No.  13,187. — Samuel  T.  Thomas. — Improvement  in  Looms. — Patented 

July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  78.) 

Each  of  the  harnesses  H  is  supported  by  four  cords,  1 1,  two  of  which 
extend  vertically  and  are  made  to  pass  over  two  pulleys,  K1  K1.  From 
thence  the  cords  are  united  to  the  upper  end  of  one  of  a  series  of 
rocker-levers  L  ;  the  lower  arm  of  L  being  fastened  to  two  other 
cords,  l1  I1,  which  pass  under  pulleys  K2  K3,  and  up  to  the  lower 
part  of  the  harness  H.  Thus  the  harnesses  are  confined  to  a  vertical 
motion  when  rocker  L  moves  upon  its  fulcrum  M.  The  lifter  R  is 
operated  by  elevating  bar  S  and  depressing  bar  T,  attached  to  verti¬ 
cal  sliding-rods  V  and  W,  and  the  lifter  moves  the  segment  O  and  (by 
means  of  groove  a  and  arm  N)  the  rocker  L.  The  shorter  arm  of  each 
of  levers  f  is  made  to  rest  against  each  of  lifters  R,  (by  means  of  weight  A,) 
and  joins  i  on  the  longer  arms  of  f ;  these  are  operated  upon  by  a  Jac¬ 
quard  prism  k  and  rotating  pattern- card  chain  Z,  which  (prism  and  chain) 
are  moved  up  and  down  by  proper  mechanism,  so  as  to  carry  them 
either  towards  or  away  from  the  levers,  as  occasion  may  require.  The 
prism,  chain,  levers,  litters,  segments,  and  rocker-levers,  serve  to  regu¬ 
late  the  movements  of  the  harnesses. 

Each  set,  G,  of  movable  shuttle-boxes  is  sustained  upon  rod  a1, 
which  slides  freely  up  and  down,  and  is  connected  to  lever  c 1  by  link 
A1,  c 1  being  jointed  at  its  rear  end  to  lever  d1,  to  which  latter  vertical 
movement  is  imparted  by  star  cam  f1,  upon  a  long  shaft  g1.  Between 
levers  c 1  d 1  is  a  wedge  A1,  affixed  to  slide-bar  i1,  which  slides  freely  in 
bearings  fixed  to  lever  dl.  Against  a  projection  from  the  inner  side  of 
bar  i1,  a  stud  extended  from  a  lever  ml  or  n1  is  caused  to  bear  one  of 
of  these  levers,  viz:  m1,  or  that  situated  at  the  one  end  of  the  loom, 
turns  freely  on  shaft  o1 ;  the  other  n1,  at  the  other  end  of  the  loom,  being 
affixed  to  said  shaft.  Thus  one  lever  operates  independently  of  the  other. 

The  above-described  machinery  not  only  causes  each  series  of  shut¬ 
tle-boxes  to  be  operated  independently  of  the  other,  and  so  that  it  may 
be  moved  to  any  desirable  extent,  while,  the  other  is  either  stationary 
or  put  in  movement,  but  it  serves  to  cause  either  of  the  series  of  shuttle- 
boxes  to  be  moved  (when  necessary)  double  the  distance  of  the  other 
in  the  same  length  of  time.  This  latter  movement  of  either  series  of 
boxes  is  produced  by  its  star  cam / 1  and  wedge  A1  over  the  same;  the 
wedge,  during  the  time  the  cam  is  elevating  lever  d1,  being  moved  be¬ 
tween  levers  d1  and  c1,  over  it,  so  as,  in  connexion  with  the  star  cam, 
to  produce  a  compound  movement  of  lever  c 1  and  the  series  of  boxes 
connected  with  it. 

On  main  driving-shaft  B  is  a  fly-wheel  u2  capable  of  free  rotation 
thereon.  The  frict<on  clutch-wheel  v2  is  fixed  firmly  to  the  shaft  B. 
When  the  fly  is  driven  against  and  over  the  conical  periphery  w2  of 
wheel  v 2,  the  fly  will  revolve  with  the  wheel  v 2.  Shaft  b 3  of  shipper  3 
is  connected  with  rocker-lever  z1  by  means  of  rocker-lever  dz,  and  so 


412 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


that,  when  the  shipper  moves  towards  its  holding-shoulder  e 3,  it  shall 
cause  the  detached  fly  to  be  moved  towards  and  over  the  friction-wheel 
if,  as  described  ;  a  spring/3  upon  the  shipper-shaft  serving  to  produce 
a  contrary  movement  of  the  fly  when  the  shipper  is  thrown  off  its 
shoulder. 

By  means  of  the  above-described  arrangement  of  a  fly  or  balance- 
wheel,  the  loom  (whenever  it  is  set  in  motion)  can  be  started  with  a 
force  sufficient  to  throw  the  shuttle  with  certainty  across  the  race- 
beam.  This  fly  can  also  be  separated  from  the  driving-shaft  just  prior 
to  a  stoppage  of  the  loom,  in  order  to  relieve  the  loom  of  the  momen¬ 
tum  of  the  fly.  The  friction- clutch  prevents  the  momentum  of  the  fly 
from  straining  or  doing  injury  to  the  mechanism  set  in  operation  by  it. 

To  the  periphery  of  v2  a  friction  brake  g3  is  applied,  provided  with  a 
lever-latch  h3,  which  turns  horizontally  on  or  in  the  brake  as  a  ful¬ 
crum,  and  is  jointed  to  lever  i3,  whose  lower  bifurcated  arm  straddles 
a  toe  projecting  from  the  shipper-shaft.  When  the  shipper  is  thrown 
off  its  shoulder,  the  hook  of  latch  h 3  will  be  moved  up  against  the  side 
of  wheel  v 2,  and  will  catch  upon  stud  fixed  upon  the  said  side  of  wheel 
if.  Thus  the  loom  will  be  prevented  from  making  a  false  pick,  im¬ 
mediately  after  the  filling-fork  or  weft-stop  motion  has  been  put  in 
operation. 

The  left-hand  half  of  figure  2  is  represented  as  a  section. 

Claim. — Combining  with  each  rocker-lever  L  and  the  lifter  R  thereof, 
an  arm  N,  cam  a,  and  sector  O,  or  the  equivalent  or  equivalents  thereof, 
the  whole  being  applied  together,  and  made  to  operate  in  the  manner 
essentially  as  specified. 

Also,  combining  with  the  series  of  lifters  R  R  and  the  pattern  prism 
K  a  series  of  bent  levers  / /,  or  their  equivalents,  and  imparting  to  the 
pattern  prism  vertical  or  up-and-down  movements  as  described,  the 
same  being  to  produce  advantages  as  stated. 

Also,  when  the  upper  and  lower  sets  of  cords  of  a  harness  are  sup¬ 
ported  by  pulleys  as  described,  applying  both  said  upper  and  lower  sets 
of  cords  to  one  and  the  same  end  of  a  lever  operated  by  a  cam,  hav¬ 
ing  a  continuous  rotation  as  described. 

Also,  combining  with  the  star  cam  and  lever,  for  moving  a  set  of  shuttle- 
boxes,  a  mechanism,  substantially  as  described,  for  imparting  an  accel¬ 
erated  movement  to  the  set  of  shuttle-boxes  as  explained,  the  said 
mechanism  consisting  of  the  additional  levered l,  the  movable  wedge  h1, 
and  its  operative  mechanism  as  described. 

Also,  the  above  described  arrangement  of  a  Jacquard,  the  wires 
thereof,  the  impelling  pawls,  and  the  star  cams  and  their  shaft,  whereby 
one  Jacquard  apparatus,  applied  at  one  end  of  the  loom,  is  made  to 
operate  two  independent  shuttle  motions  of  the  loom,  as  explained. 

Also,  so  applying  to  the  main  shaft  a  friction  clutch-wheel  and  a  fly 
or  balance  wheel,  that  the  fly  may  run  loosely  upon  the  shaft,  and  be 
capable  of  being  moved  either  towards  or  away  from  the  friction  clutch, 
in  combination  with  so  connecting  the  fly  with  the  shipper  that  the  said 
fly  shall  be  moved  laterally  during  and  by  the  movements  of  the 
shipper,  as  described. 

Also,  combining  with  the  friction- wheel  and  the  shipper,  as  described, 
a  brake  mechanism  for  throwing  said  brake  g3  into  and  out  of  opera- 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE.  413 

tion,  as  specified,  such  mechanism  consisting  of  the  lever-latch  hB,  the 
projection  13,  and  spring  /3,  as  specified. 


No.  13,217. — Rufus  M.  Dill. — Improvement  in  Looms. — Patented  July 

10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  79.) 

A  is  the  shuttle-stop,  attached  loosely  to  the  arm  B  of  the  lay,  by 
the  screws  a  a  passing  through  slots  b,  to  allow  it  to  slide  or  tra¬ 
verse  by  the  action  of  the  stud  c,  travelling  in  the  diagonal  groove  d 
as  the  lay  beats  back  and  forth,  the  top  of  the  groove  d  being  the  arc 
of  a  circle  described  from  the  centre  of  the  rocker  H.  The  vertical 
arm  of  stop  A  is  formed  with  two  projections  D  D,  projecting  into  the 
shuttle-box  F  the  same  distance  as  the  picker  C,  and  at  such  distance 
apart  that  when  the  bottom  shuttle  is  in  the  position  to  be  acted  upon 
by  the  picker  C,  the  top  shuttle  will  be  horizontally  in  line  with  the 
top  projection  (see  fig.  1) ;  and  when  the  top  shuttle  is  in  the  position 
to  be  acted  upon  by  the  picker,  the  bottom  shuttle  will  be  in  line  with 
the  bottom  projection.  The  face  of  the  projections  stand  forward  over 
that  part  of  the  stop  that  comes  in  contact  with  the  picker,  the  width 
of  the  picker  bringing  the  face  of  the  projections  vertically  in  line  with 
the  face  of  the  picker  (see  fig.  2) ;  thus,  at  each  beat  of  the  lay,  making 
sure  that  both  of  the  shuttles  E  E  are  forward  in  the  shuttle-boxes  to 
the  extent  of  the  forward  traverse  of  the  stop  A,  and  the  points  of  the 
shuttles,  one  directly  over  the  other,  rendering  it  impossible  to  get 
either  shuttle  far  enough  into  the  boxes  to  catch  against  the  picker 
when  the  boxes  change,  whether  they  be  thrown  into  the  box  by  the 
action  of  the  opposite  picker,  or  placed  in  by  hand  after  threading. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  a  slotted  lever,  operated  by  a 
pin  in  the  lay,  has  been  used  in  looms  with  movable  shuttle-boxes,  to 
hold  the  picker  forward,  and  thereby  stop  the  shuttle,  and  therefore  I 
do  not  claim  such;  but  I  claim  a  sliding  bar  attached  to  the  lay, 
having  projections  adapted  to  each  shuttle  of  a  series  at  its  outer  end, 
and  actuated  from  the  inner  end  by  a  groove  attached  to  the  frame  of 
the  looms,  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  described. 


No.  13,284. — Edward  Wood. — Improvement  in  Looms. — Patented  July 

17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  79.) 

One  end  of  link  B  is  attached  by  a  joint  to  the  frame  at  g,  and  its 
other  end  is  attached  in  like  manner  to  the  lower  end  of  lever  A, 
pivoted  in  a.  When  the  lay  is  drawn  back  by  the  crank-shaft  to  its 
greatest  distance,  the  lever  A  is  thereby  forced  into  a  vertical  position 
(see  figs.  1  and  2) ;  and  when  the  lay  is  thrown  forward  by  said  crank¬ 
shaft  to  its  greatest  distance,  the  upper  half  of  lever  A  is  forced  to  an 
outwardly  inclined  position  (see  figs.  3  and  4).  In  position  figs.  1  and 
2,  the  picker  c ,  in  close  contact  with  the  upper  end  of  the  rigid  un¬ 
elastic  lever  A,  receives  the  blow  of  the  movable  shuttle-box.  In 
position  figs.  3  and  4,  the  lever  A  has  receded  to  allow  the  picker  to 
recede  entirely  from  contact  with  the  point  of  the  shuttle,  which  has 
been  stopped ;  and  the  motion  of  the  box,  up  or  down,  (which  is  ro- 


414 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


quired  only  during  the  forward  position  of  the  lay,)  is  thus  permitted 
without  the  possibility  of  any  interference  from  the  picker. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  several  combinations  of  devices 
are  in  use  for  the  purpose  of  operating  an  elastic  or  yielding  stopper 
for  the  picker  of  looms,  and  also  for  allowing  the  free  motion  of  shuttle- 
boxes,  which  are  dependent  for  their  action  either  upon  the  shuttle 
itself  or  upon  the  motion  of  some  part  of  the  loom.  I  therefore  do 
not  claim  the  application  of  the  principle  for  arresting  the  picker  by  a 
combination  of  devices,  arranged  so  as  to  make  the  stopper  elastic  or 
yielding  to  the  blow  of  the  shuttle,  and  allowing  the  free  motion  of  the 
shuttle- box  up  and  down  ;  but  I  claim  the  rigid  or  non-elastic  picker- 
stopper  A,  constructed  and  arranged  upon  the  lay  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed,  and  operated  by  means  of  the  rigid  link  or  curved  rod  B,  or  its 
equivalent,  when  in  connection  with  the  said  stopper  A  and  the  frame 
of  the  loom,  substantially  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,322. — Horace  T.  Robbins. — Improvement  in  Shuttle  Guides 
for  Looms. — Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  79.) 

The  object  of  this  improvement  is  to  prevent  the  shuttle  from  flying 
out.  When  the  shuttle  rises  up  so  as  to  come  in  contact  with  the  pul¬ 
leys,  the  point  of  the  shuttle  will  always  strike  below  the  centre  of 
the  pulley,  and  consequently  it  gives  it  a  rolling  motion  and  guides  it 
into  the  box. 

The  engravings  exhibit  only  one-half  of  the  guide  A  with  the  pulley 
B,  the  other  half  being  exactly  alike;  x  x  is  the  centre  line. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  now  claim  the  shuttle  guide  A,  as  that 
was  secured  to  me  by  patent  granted  September  14,  1852 ;  but  I 
now  claim  an  improvement  on  said  former  invention,  which  consists  in 
furnishing  the  shuttle  guides  with  pulleys  B  B,  or  equivalents,  substan¬ 
tially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  described. 


No.  13,382.— -John  Broadbent. — Improvement  in  Looms. — Patented 

August  7,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  79.) 

The  plates  E  E1  are  pivoted  at  h ,  so  that  they  may  be  capable  of  a 
limited  swinging  motion  back  and  forth,  for  the  purpose  indicated 
in  the  fourth  part  of  the  claim,  the  rods  h 2  attached  to  the  plates  form¬ 
ing  a  guide  for  the  stocks  F  F1,  to  which  the  hooks  are  secured.  The 
filling-hooks  c  c  take  the  filling- thread  through  the  first  half  of  the 
warp,  holding  it  extended  across  them  for  the  hook  d  of  the  opposite 
set  of  hooks  to  take  it  off  and  draw  it  through  the  remainder,  when  the 
said  hooks  pass  one  another  in  the  centre  of  the  cloth  and  return  again; 
the  hooks  with  their  stocks  are  attached  to  the  picker-staves  G  G1, 
which  work  through  slots  in  E  E1. 

Supposing  the  lay  has  closed  the  last  shot,  one  of  the  levers  e  or  e 1 
(for  instance  e)  strikes  the  bar  J,  and  throws  forward  the  board  E  and 
filling-hook  stock  F,  and  the  lever  g,  immediately  escaping  from  the 
notch  ^  falls  into  place  to  secure  the  filling-hook  stock  in  its  forward 
position ;  at  the  same  moment  the  Jacquard  machine  comes  into  ope- 


III. — FIBKOUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


415 


ration  and  raises  a  thread  of  filling  at  the  right-hand  end  of  the  loom,  as 
shown  in  figure  1,  one  end  of  the  thread  being  fast  to  the  selvage.  As 
the  lay  begins  to  move  back,  the  cam  K1  throws  down  lever  L,  and 
thereby  brings  down  tending-fork^1,  which  places  the  thread  across  the 
front  of  the  filling-hook  stock  F1.  By  this  time  the  lay  has  been  moved 
about  half-way  back,  and  the  cams  H  H1  throw  the  picker-staves  and 
filling-hooks  towards  the  centre  of  the  web.  As  the  hooks  advance  to¬ 
wards  each  other,  the  right-hand  hooks  c  c  take  the  thread  as  shown  in 
figure  1,  and,  with  the  thread  extended  between  them,  carry  it  far 
enough  into  the  shed  for  the  point  of  the  hook  d  to  pass  it.  When  the 
staves  have  carried  the  filling  hooks  as  far  as  necessary,  they  strike  the 
lower  ends  of  the  levers  g  g1,  and  in  so  doing  throw  the  end  of  g  oppo¬ 
site  to  notch  A,  and  thus  allow  the  board  E  and  stock  F  to  fall  back. 
The  return  of  the  filling-hooks  and  drawing  through  of  the  filling  is 
completed  some  time  before  the  lay  beats  up.  Just  as  the  lay  beats 
up,  the  wedge-piece  p  of  picker  G  strikes  the  tongue  q ,  and  gives  the 
stock  F  a  sufficient  movement  for  its  hook  d  to  unhitch  itself  from  the 
filling- thread  before  the  lay  falls  back  again. 

Figure  3  represents  a  plan  of  only  one  end  of  the  loom,  the  other 
end  being  similar  in  construction. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  insertion  of  the  filling-thread  by  means  of  two 
hooks  or  sets  of  hooks,  arranged  to  operate  one  on  each  side  of  the 
cloth:  one  to  carry  the  filling-thread  to  the  middle  of  the  shed,  where 
it  is  met  by  the  other,  which  takes  the  threads  from  the  first  and  returns 
with  it,  thus  drawing  the  thread  entirely  through  the  warp,  substan¬ 
tially  as  described. 

2d.  The  employment  of  the  said  two  hooks  or  sets  of  hooks,  each 
as  a  deliverer  to  give  the  thread  to  the  other,  and  receiver  to  receive 
the  thread  from  the  other,  alternately,  as  described,  by  which  means  a 
good  and  fast  selvage  is  made  on  both  lists  of  the  cloth. 

3d.  The  employment  of  two  ten  ding-forks  j j,  made  in  any  form,  and 
arranged  and  operated  in  any  manner,  substantially  as  described,  to 
conduct  the  filling- thread  into  proper  positions  to  be  caught  by  the 
delivery  filling-hooks. 

4th.  Giving  the  two  filling-hooks  or  sets  of  filling-hooks,  each  in 
turn,  a  sufficient  movement  laterally  to  the  path  in  which  they  move, 
to  insert  the  filling,  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  one  to  pass  the  other  in 
the  shed  to  take  from  it  the  filling-thread,  substantially  as  described. 

5th.  I  claim  giving  the  receiving-hook  a  sufficient  movement  toward 
the  middle  of  the  cloth,  after  it  has  drawn  the  filling  through,  and  be¬ 
fore  the  falling  back  of  the  lay,  substantially  as  set  forth,  to  disengage 
it  from  the  thread  of  filling  which  it  has  just  drawn  through. 


No.  13,413. — James  Smith,  assignor  to  Himself  and  Wm.  Botterill. 
— Improvement  in  Temples  for  Looms. — Patented  August  7,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  80.) 

This  temple  is  provided  with  one  or  two  pairs  of  toothed  rollers,  J 
J,  the  teeth  of  which  stick  into  the  cloth  slightly,  and  as  they  are  in¬ 
clined  outward  from  the  centre  of  the  cloth,  the  cloth  is  stretched  and 
held  uniformly  as  the  cloth  passes  out  over  the  cylinders  of  the  loom. 


416 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


The  caps  m,  hinged  at  O,  are  readily  lifted,  which  admits  of  getting  at 
the  rollers  in  the  event  of  the  bending  or  twisting  of  the  pins.  The 
temple,  being  attached  to  the  yielding  bar  h ,  and  at  the  same  time  press¬ 
ing  up  against  spring  b ,  admits  of  easing  off  the  lay-beat,  and,  reacting, 
returns  the  temple  to  its  proper  position. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  fully  aware  that  burrs,  toothed  and  serrated 
surfaces,  have  been  formed  for  many  purposes  ;  and  knowing  that  a 
variety  of  wooden  rollers,  with  pins  inserted,  have  been  used  for  roll¬ 
ers,  I  wish  to  be  understood  as  disclaiming  such  devices,  and  instead 
confine  myself  solely  to  the  following : 

I  claim  the  temple  roller  formed  with  solid  raised  conical-shaped  pin- 
teeth,  having  a  hinged  cap  to  its  case,  all  attached  to  a  flexible  rod  A, 
in  combination  with  the  forked  spring  c ,  d ,  d,  when  adjustable  in  brack¬ 
ets  e,  f  g,  the  whole  arranged  substantially  in  the  manner  described, 
and  constituting  my  improved  temples. 


No.  13,571. — Wm.V.  Gee. — Improvement  in  Looms  for  weaving  Suspender 

Webbing. — Patented  September  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  SO.) 

The  general  features  of  this  invention  will  be  understood  from  the 
claims  and  engravings.  A  detailed  description  would  occupy  too  much 
space  to  be  given  in  this  report. 

I  claim,  1  st,  the  method  described  of  forming  button-holes,  or  other 
holes,  in  suspender  webbing  and  other  fabrics,  by  weaving  one  side  of 
the  hole  continuously,  from  the  weaving  of  the  full  width  of  the  web, 
then  running  back  the  net  the  length  of  the  hole,  and  proceeding  with 
the  other  side  of  the  hole. 

2d.  The  employment  for  operating  the  harness  of  a  sliding  lifting- 
carriage  E,  furnished  with  a  number  of  catches  a  a,  corresponding  with 
the  number  of  leaves  of  harness,  said  catches  being  employed  below 
the  harness  opposite  the  lifting-bars  c  c  thereof,  and  being  allowed  to  fall 
into  the  notches  of  the  lifting-bars  of  their  respective  leaves  of  harness, 
or  being  thrown  out  by  a  corresponding  number  of  levers  f  f,  which 
are  operated  upon  by  a  patent  cylinder  G,  or  its  equivalent,  substan¬ 
tially  as  described. 

3d.  The  method  of  throwing  off  all  the  levers  /  /  from  the  pattern 
cylinder  at  every  stroke  of  the  loom,  to  admit  of  the  turning  of  the 
cylinder,  by  attaching  all  the  said  levers  to  a  superior  lever  H,  which 
is  operated  upon  Ly  inclined  surfaces  i  j ,  upon  the  connecting-rod  of 
the  lifting-carriage  E,  substantially  as  described. 

4th.  The  mechanism  by  which  the  suspension  of  the  operation  of  that 
part  of  the  harness  which  carries  that  part  of  the  warp  which  forms  the 
side  of  the  hole  which  is  first  woven  is  effected,  consisting  of  a  rock- 
shaft  s1,  carrying  catches  s  s  to  hold  up  the  harness,  and  a  finger  lever  t, 
attached  to  the  lifting-carriage  E,  to  act  on  a  cam  5s,  or  its  equivalent, 
on  the  said  rock-shaft,  the  said  finger- lever  having  imparted  to  it,  by 
suitable  means,  a  vibrating  or  side-to-side  movement,  at  the  termina¬ 
tion  of  the  weaving  of  each  side  of  the  hole,  to  actuate  the  rock-shaft 
to  throw  the  catches  s  s  in  or  out  of  operation,  substantially  as  described. 

5th.  The  method  of  returning  the  pattern  cylinder  to  the  position  for 
commencing  the  pattern  after  the  weaving  of  the  hole,  by  fitting  the 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


417 


cylinder  loosely  to  its  shaft,  and  furnishing  the  end  of  the  shaft  with  a 
fixed  slide  R  to  receive  a  movable  slider  R1,  which  is  raised  at  intervals 
by  a  lever,  operated  by  a  cam  on  a  shaft  U,  parallel  to  and  geared  with 
the  cylinder  shaft,  and  at  the  end  of  the  formation  of  the  hole  suddenly 
falls  over  a  step  on  the  cam  and  throws  down  the  slider,  and  thereby 
causes  a  fork  z 1  on  the  cylinder  to  operate  on  a  stud  z1  on  the  cylinder, 
and  return  it  positively  to  the  required  position,  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed. 

6th.  Forming  those  dents  of  the  reed  which  correspond  with  that  part 
of  the  warp  which  forms  that  side  of  the  button- hole  which  is  to  be  first 
woven  with  a  backward  crook  n,  above  or  below  the  plane  in  which 
the  closing  of  the  sheds  takes  place  ;  in  order  that,  by  raising  or  lower¬ 
ing  that  part  of  the  warp  of  which  the  first  woven  side  of  the  hole  is  com¬ 
posed,  the  said  woven  side  may  be  allowed  to  go  back  the  length  of 
the  hole,  without  obstructing  the  lay,  in  weaving  the  other  side  of  the 
hole,  as  fully  set  forth. 

7th.  I  claim  the  method  of  liberating  the  take-up  roll  from  the 
pawls  m2,  m 3,  to  allow  the  backward  movement  of  the  web,  and  re¬ 
engaging  it  with  the  said  pawls,  by  means  of  the  lever  M,  the  hooked- 
bar  g,  the  catch  g1,  and  the  arm  r,  all  operating  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed. 

8th.  I  claim  fitting  the  arm  r  loosely  to  the  take-up  shaft,  and 
engaging  it,  by  means  of  a  pawl  r1,  with  the  ratchet,  and  providing  a 
fixed  stop  r2  to  arrest  the  said  arm  at  a  suitable  point,  whereby  the 
take-up  shaft  is  caused  to  carry  the  said  arm  r  the  requisite  distance 
fronfthe  catch  g\  corresponding  with  the  length  of  the  button-hole,  and 
then  the  arm  to  become  stationary  till  the  ratchet  is  liberated,  and  then  to- 
return  with  the  ratchet,  to  throw  out  the  catch  g1,  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed. 

9th.  The  application,  in  connexion  with  each  of  the  let-off  rolls  o  o , 
of  a  brake-lever  o 1  and  a  spring-lever  g.  The  said  levers  operating, 
as  described,  to  control  the  let-off,  and  the  spring-lever  acting  as  a 
backward  take-up  to  take  back  the  web,  to  weave  the  second  side  of 
the  hole,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,724. — James  O.  Leach. — Improvement  in  Looms. — Patented 
October  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  81.) 

Four  harness  frames  (each  one  working  independently  of  the  other, 
and  not  in  pairs,  one  ascending  and  the  other  descending)  are  pressed 
upwards  by  springs,  and  moved  downwards  by  levers  E  GHI,  ,to 
which  they  are  connected.  These  levers  are  pivoted  to  the  rear  beam 
K  of  the  loom-frame,  their  front  ends  being  guided  by  a  grooved  frame 
attached  to  front  beam  L.  The  treadles  are  worked  by  cams  efghi 
k  on  the  shaft  M  :  figure  2  representing  them  in  the  position  to  execute 
one  portion  of  the  work  ;  figure  3,  after  a  change  has  been  made  to 
perform  another  part  of  the  work,  as  indicated  in  the  first  part  of  the 
claim.  The  cams/  and  k  are  immovable  on  the  shaft,  but  e  f  g  h  are 
attached  to  a  sleeve  sliding  on  the  shaft  a  distance  a  little  more  than  the 
thickness  of  a  cam,  in  order  to  bring  the  friction-rollers  attached  to  the 

27 


418 


HI. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


treadles  under  their  proper  cams.  The  machinery  so  shifts  the  cams 
that  the  harnesses  change  their  positions  at  proper  times — some  of 
them  being  up,  some  down,  so  as  to  wTeave  bags  and  solid  pieces  alter¬ 
nately.  When  the  cloth  is  taken  from  the  loom,  it  presents  in  its  length 
a  series  of  two  bags  together,  separated  from  two  others  by  a  solid 
web,  so  that,  by  cutting  the  fabric  across  through  the  centre  of  the 
hollow  part,  two  bags  are  the  result ;  or  by  cutting  across  through  the 
solid  part,  and  then  cutting  across  through  the  lengthwise  centre  of  the 
web,  two  bags  will  be  produced. 

The  cams  are  shifted  by  means  of  lever  N,  which  latter  is  worked 
by  connecting-rod  P  and  eccentric  R,  the  shaft  of  which  eccentric  is 
supported  by  brackets  extending  from  beam  K.  The  bevel  wheel  S  at 
the  bottom  of  said  shalt  is  partially  toothed,  and  receives  motion  from 
main  shaft  M  by  means  of  gearing  W  V  T.  The  wheel  S  has  three 
teeth  left  out  both  sides  of  the  centre,  so  that  whenever  wheel  T  has 
turned  S  nearly  half  round,  it  ceases  to  move  it  further  for  want  of  a 
cog  to  act  upon  ;  just  as  it  arrives  at  this  point  it  brings  a  cam  pro¬ 
jection  X  on  the  surface  of  the  shaft  against  a  stout  spring  Y,  which 
presses  upon  its  inclined  face  in  a  way  to  force  it  forward  in  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  its  previous  motion,  and  carry  the  first  cog  beyond  the  vacancy 
and  within  reach  of  wheel  T.  The  cogs,  however,  are  prevented  from 
taking  into  each  other  by  a  projection  y  on  the  shaft,  a  similar  one  being 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  shaft,  a  little  lower  down,  against  which  the 
end  of  the  stop  lever  Z  rests.  The  ends  of  lever  Z  receive  motion 
around  fulcrum  z1  by  means  of  horizontal  cam  m  attached  to  worm- 
wheel  n,  operated  by  worrnp  on  the  shaft  of  ratchet  r,  which,  in  turn, 
is  operated  by  pawl  t  s  and  lever  w  pivoted  to  the  upright  arm  q  of  the 
lathe  frame.  When  the  cam  m  has  raised  the  end  of  lever  Z  above 
stop  y,  then  the  spring  Y  presses  the  cogs  of  T  and  S  into  connexion, 
so  as  to  carry  wheel  S  half  round  and  shift  the  eccentric  and  cam. 
When  half  round,  lever  Z  drops,  and  the  operation  above  described 
will  be  repeated.  The  successive  stoppages  of  wheel  S  are  to  allow 
the  cams  to  remain  in  their  alternate  positions  the  proper  times  to  per¬ 
mit  the  weaving  apparatus  to  complete  its  successive  stages  of  work. 

I  claim ,  first,  the  combination  of  arrangement  of  the  shifting-lever 
N,  connecting-rod  P,  and  eccentric  R,  operated  by  the  gearings  T  and 
S,  or  their  mechanical  equivalents,  substantially  in  the  manner  de¬ 
scribed,  for  the  purpose  of  varying  the  movement  of  the  loom  harness 
or  heddles  so  as  to  produce  solid  or  tubular  fabric  with  the  same  warp, 
and  vary  the  solid  or  tubular  weaving  so  as  to  produce  bags  of  any 
desirable  capacity. 

The  mechanism  substantially  as  described  for  determining  and  regu¬ 
lating  the  intervals  between  the  shift  of  the  cams,  viz  :  stops  on  the 
shaft  of  the  eccentric,  governed  by  a  stop-lever,  said  stop-lever  being 
operated  by  a  horizontal  earn,  which  is  itself  turned  by  a  ratchet  wheel, 
whose  pawl  is  driven  by  the  oscillating  motion  of  the  lathe,  in  com¬ 
bination  with  the  partially-toothed  bevel  wheel. 


m. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


419 


Iso.  13,848. — L.  B.  Jillson  and  Geo.  Sparhawk. — Improvement  in 

Bag  Looms . — Patented  November  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  81.) 

Wheel  G  turns  loosely  on  shaft  H,  and  has  such  a  number  of  teeth 
as  to  make  one  revolution  during  the  weaving  of  a  bag.  By  the  time 
the  notch  in  disc  I  arrives  opposite  the  spring  pawl  p ,  the  pin  m  will 
have  arrived  in  contact  with  finger  q.  After  pawl  l  has  entered  the 
notch  in  I,  the  next  descent  of  lever  B1  (the  levers  being  worked  by  pit¬ 
man  D)  causes  the  pawl  to  move  the  disc,  independently  of  the  wheel 
G,  far  enough  for  the  pin  m,  acting  on  the  finger  q,  to  drive  rod  r  and 
fork  t  to  the  left,  (which  fork  t  covers  the  ends  of  lour  of  the  slides,)  so 
as  to  shift  the  position  of  the  four  slides  Jc,  which  happen  to  be  opposite 
to  it,  to  be  in  readiness  to  regulate  the  opening  of  the  shed  to  weave  the 
bottom  of  the  bag  when  they  are  severally  brought  into  their  operative 
position  by  the  revolution  of  the  cylinder.  After  passing  their  opera¬ 
tive  positions,  these  slides  are  severally  shifted  back  again  to  the  right 
hand  by  coming  in  contact  with  an  inclined  piece  u. 

The  inventors  say :  We  do  not  confine  ourselves  to  the  particular 
mechanism  by  which  the  rising  and  falling  movement  for  the  purpose 
of  opening  and  closing  the  shed  is  effected,  what  we  consider  to  be 
the  important  feature  of  our  invention  being  applicable  to  many  other 
lifting  arrangements  for  opening  and  closing  the  shed  ; 

But  we  claim ,  1st,  placing  the  two  sets  of  studs  of  the  pattern 
cylinder,  for  weaving  the  sides  and  bottom  of  the  bag,  in  slides  7c  k, 
fitted  to  the  cylinder,  to  slide  longitudinally  thereto,  substantially  as 
described,  so  as  to  admit  of  the  changing  of  the  harness  motion  from 
weaving  the  sides  to  weave  the  bottom  of  the  bag,  or  vice  versa ,  by 
shifting  the  whole  or  any  number  of  the  said  slides,  according  to  the 
number  of  picks  desired  in  the  bottom. 

2d.  The  combination  of  the  sliding-rod  r,  having  a  fork  t  and 
finger  q,  with  the  notched  disc  I,  carrying  the  pin  m,  the  pawl  p  or 
its  equivalent,  the  worm-wheel  G,  and  the  endless  screw  7,  on  the 
cylinder,  all  operating  substantially  as  described,  for  the'  purpose  of 
shifting  the  slides  in  the  cylinder  to  change  the  operation  of  the  harness. 


ho.  13,936.— Erastus  B.  Bigelow. — Improvement  in  Looms  Jor  Weav¬ 
ing  Pile  Fabrics. — Patented  December  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  81.) 

The  pile- wires  l  are  formed  with  a  head  and  eye  on  one  end  (see 
figure  6).  The  latch  or  hook  to,  for  drawing  the  pile-wires,  has  a 
sliding  motion  on  way  t ,  towards  and  from  the  selvage  S  of  the  cloth 
C  ;  the  hook  m  has  also  a  vibratory  motion  on  the  screw  o,  and  is 
pressed  towards  the  pile-wires  by  the  spring  p,  and  is  prevented  from 
swinging  too  far  by  the  stop- pin  q.  When  the  hook  comes  into  posi¬ 
tion  figure  5,  and  as  the  bevelled  end  r  strikes  the  head  of  the  pile-wire 
l  to  be  acted  upon,  the  hook  locks  on  to  the  straight  part  s  of  the  eye ; 
then  as  the  hook  recedes  from  the  selvage  S  of  the  cloth  C,  it  draws 
out  the  said  pile-wire  l  (see  figure  2,  which  represents  it  about  half 
way  out). 

When  the  hook  has  nearly  completed  its  outward  movement,  the 
carrier  which  is  to  receive  the  pile-wire  from  the  hook,  and  which  is 


420 


III. — FIRROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


represented  in  figures  3  and  4,  comes  into  the  position  represented  by 
dotted  lines  in  figure  2,  and  the  hook  draws  the  head  of  the  pile-wire 
into  the  socket  of  said  carrier,  and  a  bar  y1,  forked  at  its  end,  a 2  a2, 
rises  up  to  receive  the  other  end  of  said  pile-wire  as  it  is  drawn  from 
the  cloth ;  then,  when  said  carrier  and  forked  arms  are  thus  armed  with 
a  pile-wire,  they  move  in  unison  back  to  the  point  where  said  wire  is 
to  be  inserted  in  the  shed  of  the  warp;  then  the  forked  bar  stops,  and 
the  carrier  moves  towards  the  selvage  of  the  cloth,  sliding  the  pile- wire 
upon  the  forked  bar  until  the  wire  is  fairly  introduced  into  the  shed ; 
then  the  forked  bar  drops  down  to  make  way  for  the  carrier,  which 
completes  the  insertion  of  the  wire,  and  moves  forward  with  it  to  the 
face  of  the  cloth,  and  holds  it  in  position  until  otherwise  secured. 

Claim. — The  employment  of  a  latch  or  hook,  for  successfully  draw¬ 
ing  the  pile-wire  from  the  cloth,  when  said  latch  or  hook  is  constructed 
and  operated  substantially  as  specified. 

Also,  in  combination  with  said  latch  or  hook,  for  drawing  out  the 
pile-wires,  the  apparatus  which  receives  the  outer  or  head  end  of  the 
pile- wires  from  said  latch  or  hook,  and  transfers  them  to  the  face  of  the 
cloth,  when  said  apparatus  is  constructed  and  operated  substantially 
as  specified. 


No.  14,000. — George  W.  Smith. — Improvement  in  Looms  for  Weaving 

Wire. — Patented  December  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  82.) 

The  warp-wire  having  been  secured  in  the  carriage  E  at  g  and  d, 
motion  is  communicated  to  the  driving-shaft.  The  reed  I  of  the  loom 
is  like  that  of  other  looms,  but  instead  of  being  attached  to  a  vibrating 
lay,  it  is  secured  in  a  carriage  or  lay  I1,  which  works  on  horizontal 
ways  I2,  and  is  operated  by  levers  J2  and  connecting-rods  J3 ;  and  in¬ 
stead  of  having  a  direct  movement  back  and  forth  to  beat  up  the 
filling-wires  v,  it  has  two  distinct  movements  as  hereinafter  described. 
When  the  lay  I1  is  thrown  back  ready  for  its  preparatory  and  least 
forward  advance,  the  shed  is  open,  and  filling-wire  is  put  in ;  the  pre¬ 
paratory  advance  of  the  lay  brings  this  wire  to  the  position  shown  at 
vl  in  fig.  1,  ready  to  be  operated  upon  by  the  crimpers,  (consisting  of 
two  corrugated  plates  m  ml,  with  additional  recesses  5,  to  receive  the 
warp-wires  at  their  points  of  intersection  with  the  filling,)  at  the  same 
time  laying  it  parallel  with  the  face  of  the  reed,  or  square  with  the 
warp.  As  the  lay  retreats  the  crimpers  commence  closing,  and  after 
its  retreat  has  terminated  the  lay  remains  stationary  long  enough  for 
the  crimpers  to  finish  their  operation  and  commence  their  opening ;  the 
final  and  most  forward  advance  of  the  lay  then  takes  place,  the  lay 
passing  right  through  the  open  crimpers,  and  beating  the  crimped  wire 
up  to  its  proper  place ;  the  forward  movement  of  the  warp-carriage 
takes  place  during  the  final  retreat  of  the  lay  at  the  early  part  of  its 
next  preparatory  advance.  The  slacking  of  the  warp- wires  by  the 
screws  h  h  takes  place  during  the  final  retreat,  or  at  an  early  stage  of 
the  preparatory  advance  of  the  lay  ;  the  lateral  movement  of  the  crimp¬ 
ers  takes  place  during  the  final  advance  and  retreat  of  the  lay,  so  that 
when  the  crimpers  close  upon  the  next  filling- wire,  which  is  inserted 


m. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE.  421 

and  brought  tovthe  position  of  v1,  they  crimp  it  to  a  form  precisely  the 
reverse  of  the  last. 

Claim. — 1st.  Giving  the  reed  two  movements,  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed  ;  the  first,  lor  squaring  the  filling  with  the  warp,  and  bringing  it 
to  a  suitable  position  to  be  operated  upon  by  the  crimpers ;  and  the 
second,  to  beat  it  up  to  its  place. 

2d.  Giving  the  crimpers  a  movement  latterally  to  the  warp  in  oppo¬ 
site  directions  alternately,  after  the  crimping  operations,  for  the  purpose 
of  making  them  adapt  themselves  to  the  varying  intersections  of  the 
successive  wires  of  the  filling  and  the  warp. 


No.  13,752. — John  Harris. — Improvement  in  Self-acting  Mules. — 

Patented  November  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  82.) 

The  driving-shaft  k  is  to  have  a  continuous  rotation  in  one  direction. 
In  consequence  thereof,  the  two  gears  X  and  H  and  their  shafts  Y  and 
G  will  be  turned  contrary  ways.  When  bevel  gear  V  is  clutched  to 
shaft  E,  such  shaft  will  be  rotated  in  one  direction,  and  with  a  regular 
movement,  and  so  as  to  produce  a  corresponding  movement  of  the  end¬ 
less  chain  A..  It  is  during  this  movement  of  the  chain  that  the  carriage 
of  the  mule  is  run  out  and  the  spinning  of  the  yarn  effected.  When 
the  chain  is  moved  in  the  opposite  direction,  its  movement  is  variable,  to 
wit :  it  has  first  imparted  to  it  a  slow  motion,  and  this  while  the  faller 
of  the  mule  is  descending  on  the  yarn.  Next  the  chain  has  a  quicker 
motion,  until  the  carriage  has  nearly  completed  its  inward  course. 
During  the  remainder  of  the  movement  of  the  carriages  the  chain  has 
a  continued  and  quick  decreasing  speed,  the  object  of  which  is  well 
known.  The  said  last  three  movements  of  the  chain  are  effected  by 
the  barrel  gear  L  and  the  eccentric  cog  wheel  M.  The  barrel  gear, 
having  a  regular  rotary  motion,  turns  the  eccentric  cog-wheel  with  first 
a  constantly  decreasing  speed,  and  next  a  constantly  increasing  speed. 
Affixed  to  chain  A  is  a  slider  s,  which  slides  upon  rod  L,  the  ends  of 
which  rod  serve  to  operate  the  clutches  b  and  b1.  As  the  slider  s  is 
alternately  carried  in  contact  with  collar  /,  it  produces  the  alternate 
shitting  of  the  clutches  b  and  bl,  the  barrel  gear  L  being  unclutched 
with  its  shaft,  while  V  is  clutched  to  its  shaft  E,  and  vice  versa. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  combining  with  mechanism  for  pro¬ 
ducing  a  regular  backing-off  movement  of  the  carriage  machinery  not 
only  for  giving  a  slow  motion  to  it  during  the  first  part  of  its  running- 
in  movement,  or  while  the  “fuller”  is  descending  on  the  yarn,  and  a 
quicker  movement  afterwards,  or  while  the  carriage  is  running  in  ;  but, 
finally,  a  slower  movement,  decreasing  to  completion,  of  the  extent  of 
inward  movement  of  the  carriage  ; 

But  I  claim  the  peculiar  combination  before  described  and  applied 
to  the  endless  chain,  and  for  effecting  such  variable  movement  or  run¬ 
ning-in  of  the  carriage,  the  same  consisting  of  the  driving-shaft  G,  the 
clutch  apparatus  thereof,  the  barrel-gear  I,  the  eccentric  gear  M,  and 
mechanism  connecting  the  latter  with  the  shaft  E  of  the  endless  chain  ; 
the  whole  being  arranged  and  applied  substantially  as  specified  to  the 
mechanism  for  producing  regular  movement  of  the  chain  in  a  reverse 
direction. 


422 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


No.  12,283. — Horace  W.  Peaslee. — Improvement  in  Machines  for 
leashing  Payer  Stock. — Patented  January  23,  1855.  Patented  in  Eng¬ 
land  September  20,  1854.  (Plates,  p.  S3.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  plainly  understood  from  an 
inspection  of  the  engraving. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  as  new  the  revolving  screen 
cylinder  and  stationary  trough,  with  or  without  elevating  hooks  or  lift¬ 
ers,  arranged  spirally  or  otherwise  in  the  cylinder,  for  the  purposes 
specified,  nor  yet,  otherwise  than  as  arranged  and  combined,  the 
oblique  curbs  or  pieces  to  direct  the  discharge  from  the  cylinder,  as 
such  devices,  differently  arranged,  employed,  and  combined,  have  be¬ 
fore  been  used  in  ore-washing  machines. 

But  I  claim ,  in  the  washing  of  paper  stock,  the  arrangement,  substan¬ 
tially  as  shown  and  described,  of  the  oblique  curbs  K,  in  continuous  suc¬ 
cession  round  the  open  discharge  end  of  the  revolving  screen  cylinder, 
and  forming  channels  between  them  to  conduct  the  stock  continuously, 
as  the  cylinder  rotates,  beyond  the  discharge  edge  of  the  cylinder,  when 
combined  to  operate  together  with  elevating  hooks  d,  within  the  cylinder, 
and  serving  to  retain  a  copious  supply  of  water  in  the  cylinder  for  the 
proper  washing  of  the  stock,  and  to  check  the  run  of  the  stock  through 
the  cylinder  to  a  speed  in  accordance  with  the  conveying  action  of  the 
cylinder  or  its  elevating  hooks  d,  as  specified,  to  insure  the  full  and  reg¬ 
ular  action  of  the  hooks  on  the  stock,  in  the  manner  described,  the  whole 
operating  together  for  the  purpose  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,442. — Obadiah  Marland. — Improvement  in  Rolls  and  Driers 
for  Paper-making. — Patented  February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  83.) 

The  object  of  this  improvement  is  to  produce  a  surface  without 
blemish,  the  deposited  metal  being  peculiarly  adapted  to  give  a  supe¬ 
rior  finish  to  the  surface  of  the  paper,  and  to  produce  such  roll  or  drier 
at  a  cost  greatly  less  than  that  of  the  copper  or  composition  rolls  now 
in  use. 

The  inventor  says :  I  have  spoken  of  copper  as  the  material  used  for 
covering  the  rolls  and  driers,  but  I  do  not  confine  myself  to  the  use  of 
this  metal,  as  zinc,  and  perhaps  other  metals,  may  be  employed ;  and 
I  do  not  claim  the  use  of  any  particular  metal  for  the  purpose,  neither 
do  I  claim  the  covering  of  one  metal  with  another  by  means  of  galvanic 
or  electric  deposition  ;  but  I  claim  the  method  described  of  making 
paper  machine  rolls  and  driers ;  a  metallic  foundation  of  the  requisite 
strength  and  thickness  being  made  use  for  the  body  of  the  roll,  upon 
which  a  surface  of  copper  or  other  suitable  metal  is  deposited  by  gal¬ 
vanic  or  electric  action,  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,798.-— Milton  D.  Whipple. — Improvement  in  preparing  Wood 
for  Paper  Pulp. — Patented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  83.) 

The  wood,  sawed  into  short  cylinders  F,  is  submitted  to  the  action 
of  a  grind-stone  A,  (revolving  on  axle  B,)  to  reduce  it  to  pulp.  The 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


423 


relative  position  of  the  cylinders  and  grind-stone  referred  to  in  the 
second  part  of  the  claim,  serves  to  preserve  the  fibres  of  the  wood. 
The  rack-bars  R  serve  to  constantly  rotate  the  cylinders  during  the 
grinding  operation,  so  as  to  present  a  very  limited  surface  of  the  block 
to  the  stone. 

Claim. — 1st.  In  the  process  of  preparing  paper  pulp  from  wood,  first 
grinding  the  block  upon  the  surface  of  a  revolving  stone  or  its  equiva¬ 
lent,  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

2d.  Maintaining  the  block  in  such  position  with  respect  to  the  stone, 
that  the  fibres  of  the  wood  shall  lie  in  the  direction  of  motion  of  the 
stone,  or  very  nearly  so,  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

3d.  Rotating  the  block  during  the  operation  of  grinding,  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  set  forth. 


No.  13,153. — William  Adamson. — Improvement  in  Sand-Paper  Cut¬ 
ting  Machines. — Patented  July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  83.) 

The  revolving  blade  L,  in  coming  into  contact  with  and  passing  by 
the  edge  of  the  stationary  blade  K,  cuts  the  paper  P,  between  the 
two  blades. 

Claim.— The  employment  of  thin  elastic  blades  L  L1  and  K  K1,  of 
uniform  thickness,  so  arranged  that  the  revolving  blade  shall  overlap 
slightly  the  stationary  blade,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  sub¬ 
stantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,412. — Louis  Koch,  assignor  to  Peter  B.  Sweeney  and 
Michael  Lacour. — Improvement  in  Machinery  for  malcing  Paper 
Pulp—  Patented  August  7,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  83.) 

B  are  the  feeding-rollers,  and  B1  B,2  &c.,  the  stretching-rollers  re¬ 
ferred  to  in  the  claim. 

Claim. —  The  combination  of  a  series  of  rollers,  increasing  gradually 
in  diameter  and  speed,  in  proportion  as  the  wood  or  fibrous  substance 
is  extended  or  pressed  out;  the  face  or  circumference  of  one  of  every 
pair  of  the  extending  rollers  having  a  greater  speed  than  the  face  of  its 
corresponding  roller,  producing  thereby  a  slight  dividing  or  separation 
motion  in  connexion  with  the  pressure  upon  the  substance,  which  sepa¬ 
rates  each  fibre,  without  destroying  the  same,  for  the  purpose  of  mak¬ 
ing  pulp  from  wood  and  fibrous  vegetable  substances,  in  manner  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described. 


No.  13,229. — Samuel  Pearson,  Jr.,  and  Wm.  H.  Gardner. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Rope  and  Cordage  Machines. — Patented  July  10,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  83.) 

Between  the  laying-frame  A  and  the  frame  B  there  is  arranged  the 
lay-top  K,  which  is  a  cone,  having  its  external  surface  grooved  longi¬ 
tudinally  for  the  reception  of  the  strands  L  M  N,  extending  from  the 
tubular  nozzles  z  z  z  of  the  flyers  U  V  W.  A  central  hole  for  the  recep¬ 
tion  of  the  twisted  cord  is  made  through  the  plate  or  bar  y,  of  the 
frame  .0 ;  such  hole  having  its  axis  in  range  with  that  of  the  laying- flyer 


424 


m. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


and  the  laying-top,  whose  smaller  end  is  placed  at  a  short  distance 
from  the  bar  y ,  or  one  sufficient  to  permit  a  rope  R  to  be  wound 
several  times  around  the  twisted  rope  S.  Rope  R  has  one  end  fastened 
to  frame  O,  and  is  wound  about  the  rope  S  and  the  laying-top,  and  has 
its  other  end  attached  to  weight  T,  which  latter  draws  the  rope  R 
closely  upon  rope  S  and  the  strands  from  the  flyer,  and  forms,  as  it 
were,  a  flexible  tube  through  which  said  rope  is  drawn,  thereby  pre¬ 
venting  any  unevenness  of  laying  or  twisting  of  the  rope,  and  impart¬ 
ing  to  it  a  smooth  finish. 

The  frame  C  contains  three  other  flyers,  X  Y  Z,  similar  to  UVW. 
Each  flier  of  frame  B  has  its  twisting  axis  in  line  with  one  of  the  flyers 
of  frame  C.  Motion  is  communicated  from  flyers  U  Y  W  to  flyers  X  Y  Z 
by  means  of  gearing  f1  gl  g 1  g1 ;  each  of  the  flyers  X  Y  Z  being  pro¬ 
vided  with  a  connecting  clutch  A1,  so  as  to  enable  a  person  to  throw 
the  wheel  g1  in  or  out  of  gear  with  wffiel  f1,  on  the  axis  A1  of  flyers 
U  Y  W,  so  as  to  make  the  flyers  X  Y  Z  rotate  or  not. 

The  inventors  say:  We  do  not  claim  the  combination  of  a  laying 
frame  or  flier  and  a  series  of  twisting  flyers,  each  of  which  is  made  to 
operate  one  or  more  bobbins ; 

But  we  claim  arranging  two  or  more  twisting  flyers,  or  two  or 
more  series  of  the  same,  with  the  twisting  axes  of  revolution  of  one  of 
them  in  line  with  the  others,  respectively,  and  combining  with  each 
two  flyers  in  line,  hollow  tubular  necks  a1,  (for  the  reception  and 
support  of  yarn  or  strands  from  the  bobbin  as  described,)  and  a  con¬ 
trivance  or  contrivances  for  either  uniting  or  disconnecting  such  necks, 
so  that  the  flyers  of  several  series  thereof  may  be  rotated  together  or 
separately,  as  specified,  in  order  that,  when  small  sizes  of  rope  are  to 
be  made,  only  one  twisting  flyer  or  series  may  be  put  in  operation; 
and  when  larger  sizes  of  rope  are  to  be  manufactured,  two  or  more 
twisting  flyers,  or  series  thereof,  may  be  combined  and  put  in  action 
together,  and  with  one  laying  flyer,  as  specified. 

And  we  claim  the  rope  or  strap  R,  and  its  weight  T,  or  the 
equivalent  thereof,  in  combination  with  the  conical  laying-tops  K  and 
the  bearing  plate  y ,  the  same  being  made  to  operate  in  manner  and 
for  the  purpose  of'  smoothing  and  finishing  the  rope,  as  described 


No.  13,309. — John  Harris. — Improvement  in  Machinery  for  Making 

Rope. — Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  84.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

Claim . —  1st.  The  described  method  of  driving  the  flyers  by  means 
of  the  core  pulleys  h  h  and  the  band  or  ring  F,  either  the  said  band  or 
ring,  or  the  bearings  b  b  of  the  flyers,  having  springs  applied  to  keep 
the  pulleys  and  band  properly  in  contact  with  each  other  at  all  times, 
and  the  band  or  ring  being  movable  in  the  direction  of  the  axes  of  the 
flyers,  to  come  in  contact  with  a  larger  or  smaller  part  of  the  cone  pul¬ 
leys,  and  thus  vary  the  speed  of  the  flyers  and  the  twist  of  the  strands, 
while  the  machine  is  in  operation. 

2d.  Making  the  cans  H  H  of  polygonal  form,  to  fit  snugly  between 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


425 


the  pillars  or  side-pieces  e  e  of  the  flyers,  in  combination  with  the 
springing  collar  I,  applied  to  fit  over  the  top  of  the  can,  whereby 
the  cans  are  enabled  to  be  quickly  taken  from  the  flyers  and  replaced. 


No.  12,138. — Samuel  Pearson,  Jr.,  and  William  H.  Gardner. — 

Improvement  in  Regulating  the  Size  of  Roving. — Patented  January  2. 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  84.) 

Motion  is  transmitted  from  shaft  b  to  shaft  S  by  means  of  band  and 
pulleys.  The  shaft  S  and  the  surrounding  tubular  shaft  T  carry  each 
a  bevelled  gear  r  and  s,  while  brake- wheel  R  is  provided  with  one  or 
two  bevelled  gears  t  u,  arranged  between  and  made  to  engage  with  two 
gears  r  and  s.  A  pulley  on  shaft  T,  and  a  pulley  on  heckle-chain  shaft 
D,  and  a  band  around  them,  serve  to  transfer  motion  from  shaft  T  to 
the  chain.  The  shaft  Iv  of  the  lower  draw-roller  receives  also  its 
motion  from  shaft  b  by  proper  gearing.  The  fibrous  substance  passed 
through  E  is  carried  forward  by  the  endless  heckle-chain  B  through 
guide  F,  and  between  the  drawing  rollers.  The  size  of  the  roving  is 
governed  by  the  speed  of  the  heckle-cham,  the  drawing  rollers  being 
always  driven  at  a  regular  velocity.  A  retarding  of  the  heckle-chain 
will  cause  the  roving  to  become  smaller,  as  the  heckle- chain  will  de¬ 
liver  the  material  slower,  and  so  vice  versa.  There  being  much  in¬ 
equality  in  the  thickness  of  the  sliver,  in  order  to  produce  an  even 
thread  there  is  to  be  in  every  change  of  the  thickness  of  the  sliver  a 
corresponding  movement  ol  the  heckle-chain.  The  sliver  becoming 
too  large,  forces  upward  the  upper  draw-roller,  and  thereby  elevates 
the  brake-lever  Q  that  bears  upon  the  brake-wheel  R,  thereby  causing 
said  wheel  to  slip.  Now,  just  in  proportion  as  the  wheel  is  allowed  to 
so  slip,  the  motion  of  the  heckle-chain  will  be  retarded ;  and  should 
the  sliver  become  so  thick  as  to  elevate  the  brake  entirely  clear  from 
the  wheel,  the  chain  will  remain  stationary  till  the  sliver  allows  the 
brake  to  come  down  again  upon  the  wheel:  namely,  when  the  brake 
is  lifted  entirely  off  the  wheel  R,  such  wheel  is  left  free  to  rotate  upon 
shaft  T,  and  it  will  so  revolve,  or  be  made  to  revolve  by  the  action  of 
the  bevelled  gear  r  in  its  gears  t  u,  such  gears  travelling  around  in  the 
gear  s  without  revolving  it  or  producing  any  motion  of  the  shaft  T. 
The  moment,  however,  that  the  brake-wheel  is  retarded,  or  has  its 
motion  arrested,  the  gears  t  u  will  be  stopped  from  rotating  around 
shaft  S,  and  will  put  the  gear  s  and  shaft  T  in  rotation. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  brake  Q  (forced  downwards  by  a 
spring  or  its  equivalent),  the  brake- wheel  R,  the  shafts  S  and  T,  and 
the  connecting  gearing  of  such  shafts  as  applied  to  the  draw-rollers 
and  the  gill  or  heckle-belt,  and  made  to  operate  and  produce  effects 
substantially  as  hereinbefore  stated. 


No.  12,581. — Augustus  E.  Bigelow  .—Improvement  in  Preparing  Woollen 
Roving. — Patented  March  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  84.) 

10  are  the  spindles  passing  up  through  rings  35,  which  are  provided 
with  travellers  in  the  usual  manner  of  ring-groove  spinners.  The  draw- 


k 


426  III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 

ing  heads  are  mounted  on  standards  33,  as  in  other  throstle-spinning 
machines ;  but,  instead  of  three  sets  of  rollers,  there  are  but  two  sets, 
each  consisting  of  one  driving- roller  12,  the  two  rollers  12  being  so 
geared  together  that  the  front  roller  will  turn  so  much  faster  than  the 
rear  one  as  to  give  the  required  amount  of  drawing  between  them. 
Above  them  are  arranged,  in  the  usual  manner,  the  cap  or  pressure 
rollers  11.  The  twisted  roving,  in  passing  from  the  back  to  the  front 
set  of  rollers,  is  drawn  out  equally.  As  the  front  set  of  rollers,  by 
their  more  rapid  travel,  draw  out  the  fibres,  whilst  the  back  rollers 
simply  hold  back,  the  roving  is  of  the  required  size  for  the  thread  at  or 
near  the  front  rollers,  so  that  the  twist  is  constantly  running  from  the 
back  towards  the  front  rollers,  and  the  roving  being  thus  untwisted 
near  the  back  rollers,  the  drawing  out  of  the  fibres  to  elongate  the 
roving  will  take  place  near  the  back  roller ;  each  fibre,  in  succession, 
being  drawn  forward  the  moment  its  back  end  is  liberated  by  the  back 
rollers. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  limit  myself  to  such  special  mode  of 
construction,  as  the  same  mode  of  operation  may  be  obtained  by  the 
mere  substitution  of  equivalent  means.  But  I  claim  the  mode  of  opera¬ 
tion  specified,  of  spinning  woollen  yarns  from  previously  twisted  roving 
between  two  sets  of  draw  rollers,  substantially  as  specified,  in  combina¬ 
tion  with  the  subsequent  twisting  in  the  same  direction  by  ring-groove 
travellers,  flyers,  or  other  equivalent  devices,  substantially  as  specified. 


No.  13,629. — Humphrey  M.  Glines,  assignor  to  John  M.  Stanton 

and  Simon  F.  Stanton. — Improvement  in  Machinery  for  filling  Seine 

Needles. — Patented  October  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  84.) 

The  wheel  J  turns  wheel  K  and  shaft  F  and  the  cam  disc  L,  which 
is  fastened  to  said  shaft ;  wheel  S  turns  the  wheel  S1,  which  latter  is 
fastened  to  a  short  shaft  T.  This  shaft  T  has  the  gear  [J  of  eighteen 
teeth  fastened  to  its  upper  end,  to  drive  the  wheel  V  of  sixteen  teeth, 
which  turns  loosely  on  shaft  F,  and  is  fastened  to  the  hub  ot  bevel  gear 

Q,  which  latter  turns  within  a  recess  in  the  disc  L.  The  bevel  wheel 
Q  operates  a  bevel  pinion  P,  the  disc  L  having  a  suitable  opening  for 
the  pinion  P  to  work  through.  It  will  be  seen  from  the  above  that  Q 
will  turn  faster  than  L.  The  shaft  O  of  the  pinion  has  its  bearing  in 
the  journal-box  N,  which  projects  from  the  outer  edge  of  the  disc.  The 
shaft  O  terminates  in  an  elastic  fork  a  a ,  which  clamps  the  needle  R. 
Thus,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  needle,  while  it  revolves  together  with 
the  disc,  at  the  same  time  rotates  around  its  own  axis.  The  arm  W, 
which  supports  and  guides  the  twine  c  from  the  spool  to  the  needle  R, 
is  pivoted  in  f  to  stand  x,  and  rests  on  a  support  Z,  which  latter  carries 
a  friction- roller  k,  working  in  cam- groove  h,  in  the  face  of  the  disc.  The 
groove  is  so  shaped  that  the  support  Z,  and  with  it  the  front  end  of 
arm  W,  will  be  alternately  elevated  and  depressed  so  as  to  carry  the 
twine  into  the  score  e  and  under  the  tongue  d  of  the  needle  R,  as  the 
score  or  the  tongue  arrives  under  the  end  of  the  arm  W.  The  needle 

R,  when  filled,  may  be  removed. 

Claim. — Giving  the  needle  a  rotary  motion  around  its  own  centre, 
both  longitudinally  and  transversely,  by  means  of  devices  substantially 


III. — FIBROUS  AED  TEXTILE. 


427 


as  described,  or  their  equivalents,  in  combination  with  a  vibrating  de¬ 
livering  arm,  or  its  equivalent,  so  constructed,  arranged,  and  operated 
as  to  supply  and  deliver  the  twine,  or  other  material,  to  the  aforesaid 
needle,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,140. — Daniel  T.  Ward. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines . — - 

Patented  January  2,  "J  855.  (Plates,  p.  84.) 

The  needle  3  is  so  connected  with  the  slide  h  that  this  latter  comes 
up  as  the  needle  descends  ;  thereby  the  point  of  the  needle  passes  be¬ 
tween  the  rows  of  bristles  9,  which  are  arranged  within  the  forked  end 
S  of  the  slide  h.  Instead  of  these  bristles,  springs  might  be  used,  as 
the  inventor  says.  As  the  needle  draws  up  again,  the  bristles  hold  on 
to  the  thread,  and  draw  the  same  out  sideways  as  the  slide  h  retires, 
holding  on  to  the  same  sufficiently  to  form  a  good  loop  for  the  shuttle  or 
the  looper  14  to  pass  through,  the  bristles  releasing  the  thread  when 
pulled  on,  to  allow  the  needle  to  operate  again. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  any  particular  method  of  moving 
tiie  needle;  neither  do  I  limit  myself  to  using  my  improvement  with 
the  arrangement  of  needles  and  levers  to  the  same,  herein  shown;  but 
what  I  desire  to  secure  by  letters-patent  is  :  I  claim  the  sliding  fork  8, 
with  or  without  the  bristles  9,  to  detach  the  thread  from  the  sides  of  the 
needle,  or  form  a  guide  to  the  loop  for  the  passage  of  the  looper  or 
shuttle,  in  the  manner  and  as  described  and  shown. 


No.  12,233. — Jotham  S.  Conant. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines. — ■ 

Patented  January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  84.) 

The  improvement  consists  in  the  use  of  an  endless  circular  feeder  D, 
revolving  continuously,  so  as  to  supply  the  cloth  to  the  needle  a  (on 
vibrating  arm  L),  without  the  necessity,  at  any  time,  of  stopping  the 
machine  for  the  purpose,  of  attaching  the  cloth  to  the  feed-bar,  as  has 
heretofore  been  the  case. 

The  pins  c  are  to  insure  the  motion  of  the  cloth  with  the  feeder. 

Claim. — An  endless  rotary  cloth-feeder,  in  combination  with  a  re¬ 
ciprocating  needle  or  needles,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,247. — Hezekiah  B.  Smith. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines. — 

Patented  January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  85.) 

Figure  3  represents  the  needle  W.  The  finger  Y  is  so  constructed 
as  to  turn  on  a  screw  as  seen  at  figure  2,  which  is  screwed  into  a  part 
of  stand  S;  and  under  this  finger  there  is  arranged  a  spiral  spring  V, 
which  is  coiled  around  the  outside  of  the  portion  of  the  stand  to  which 
the  finger  Y  is  screwed,  the  upper  end  of  this  spring  passing  through 
the  hole  drilled  through  the  inner  end  of  the  finger  Y,  and  the  lower 
end  of  it  made  fast  to  the  ring  u,  this  ring  being  adjustable  by  having 
a  set-screw  in  it  to  set  it  in  the  required  position  to  give  the  proper 
pressure  on  the  finger  Y.  T  is  a  stop,  the  lower  end  of  which  is 


428 


in. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


screwed  to  the  arm  S,  and  the  upper  end  of  it  answers  for  stopping  finger 
Y,  as  it  is  pressed  forward  by  spring  V.  The  finger  Y,  revolving  on 
arm  S,  will  draw  in  the  thread  so  as  to  form  the  back  stitch.  As 
soon  as  the  needle  and  thread  pass  up  through  hole  a ,  in  table  A,  the 
finger  Y,  being  revolved  with  and  by  arm  S,  brings  the  outer  and 
curved  part  of  this  finger  in  contact  with  the  thread,  carrying  it  around 
far  enough  to  draw  up  the  stitch  sufficiently  tight,  and  then  releasing 
the  thread  by  turning  back  far  enough  to  allow  the  thread  to  slip  off 
from  the  end  of  the  curved  part  of  the  finger,  which  is  accomplished 
by  the  thread  requiring  an  increased  power  to  draw  in  the  thread,  and 
this  power  acting  on  the  finger  overcomes  the  resistance  of  spring  V, 
turns  it  sufficiently  to  allow  the  thread  to  be  released  from  the  finger, 
and  then  the  finger  instantly  regains  its  former  position  by  the  action 
of  the  spring,  pressing  it  back  towards  stop  T,  the  ’feed  at  the  same 
time  canning  forward  and  back  the  cloth  to  give  the  required  length 
of  stitch. 

The  inventor  sayrs  :  I  do  not  claim  a  two-pointed  needle  having  an 
eye  in  its  centre,  as  this  has  been  patented  to  J.  J.  Greenough ;  neither 
do  I  claim  any  other  part,  device,  or  thing  claimed  or  patented  in  said 
Greenough’ s  patent ; 

But  I  claim ,  1st.  A  slit  or  fissure  formed  in  a  needle,  so  as  to  be 
opened  by  any  proper  pointed  instrument,  and  the  thread  inserted  in 
this  fissure,  and  then  moved  near  to  one  end  of  it;  then  by  removing 
the  pointed  instrument  the  two  elastic  or  spring  sides  of  this  fissure 
close  together  and  pinch  and  hold  the  thread  so  that  the  needle  can 
be  operated  to  sew  a  straight  or  curved  seam,  and  a  through  or  back 
stitch,  essentially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

2d.  I  claim  the  finger  Y,  so  arranged  and  operated  (on  the  arm  s  by 
means  of  the  spiral  spring,  the  ring  to  adjust  this  spring,  and  the  stop 
T,  or  otherwise)  as  to  draw  the  thread  through  the  cloth  so  as  to  draw 
up  the  stitch  and  then  let  go  of  the  thread,  by  the  revolving  or  moving 
of  this  finger  and  the  arm  s,  or  equivalent,  essentially  in  the  manner  and 
for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,322. — John  B.  Nichols. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines. — 

Patented  January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  85.) 

The  material  C  is  placed  between  the  guide-bars  A  and  B,  by  which 
the  binding  D  is  applied  equally  upon  each  side  of  the  same  ;  the  blade 
of  the  upper  guide-bar  A  is  elastic,  so  that  it  accommodates  itself  to 
any  variation  in  the  thickness  of  the  material,  and  holds  it  and  the 
binding  firmly  in  position  while  they  are  sewed  together.  E  is  a  mov¬ 
able  slide,  against  which  the  edge  of  the  material  rests,  and  this  slide 
is  made  adjustable  to  accommodate  bindings  of  different  widths.  It  is 
attached  to  the  shank  d ,  which  is  held  by  the  clamping-screw  e.  F  is 
the  feeding-wheel,  G  the  sewing-needle. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  a  binding  guide  with  a  sewing-machine, 
meaning  to  claim  the  combination  of  mechanism  whereby  the  opera¬ 
tions  of  directing  or  applying  the  binding  to  the  edge  of  any  material 
and  sewing  it  thereon,  are  conducted  by  automatic  process. 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


429 


No.  12,336. — Salem  Wilde r.— Improvement  in  Waxing  Thread  for 

Sewing-Machines. — Patented  January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  85.) 

C  is  the  needle-carrier,  J  the  eye  on  the  needle-carrier  through  which 
the  thread  K  passes  from  the  bobbins  L  to  the  needle  H  ;  M  the  wax 
reservoir,  attached  to  the  needle-carrier,  and  provided  with  an  India- 
rubber  bottom  a,  which  is  so  arranged  between  plates  h  h  as  to  be 
capable  of  being  compressed  by  means  of  screws  c  c.  The  thread  is 
carried  through  proper  holes  in  the  plates  and  India-rubber  bottom. 

Claim. — So  applying  the  wax-holder  to  the  frame  or  arm  of  the  ma¬ 
chine,  and  between  the  needle  and  the  eye  of  the  needle-carrier,  that 
the  vertical  movements  of  the  carrier  shall  cause  the  thread  to  be  moved 
or  drawn  up  and  down  through  the  wax-holder  and  its  elastic  bottom, 
whereby  the  saturating  of  the  thread  becomes  improved,  as  specified. 

Also,  the  combination  of  an  elastic  bottom,  or  partition,  and  its  com¬ 
pressor,  with  the  wax-holder,  the  same  being  to  regulate  the  applica¬ 
tion  of  the  wax  to  the  thread,  and  to  prevent  its  escape  from  the  wax- 
holder,  essentially  as  described. 


No.  12,364. — Isaac  M.  Singe n.— Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines . — 

Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  85.) 

The  top  of  the  needle-bar  h  is  hinged  to  the  carrier  c,  to  which  a  verti- 
tical  vibrating  motion  is  imparted.  The  spring  h  forces  the  bar  and 
carrier  slightly  apart  when  the  needle  is  out  of  the  cloth,  the  set- screw 
k  regulating  the  extent  of  this  motion.  Lever  l  has  its  fulcrum  in  m ; 
its  upper  end  is  constantly  pressed  inward  by  means  of  a  spring  p,  so 
as  to  impart  to  the  feed-hand  n,  at  its  lower  end,  a  tendency  to  withdraw 
from  the  needle  a.  The  lever  is  acted  upon  at  the  required  time  by  one 
arm  of  lever  q ,  which  has  its  fulcrum  in  r,  the  other  arm  being  opera¬ 
ted  by  the  cam  projection  s  on  the  cam  e,  which  works  the  needle- 
carrier.  As  the  needle  descends,  so  soon  as  its  eye  has  passed  through 
the  cloth,  the  cam  projection  acts  upon  q  and  moves  the  lever  Z,  the 
feed-hand  n,  and  the  needle,  and  with  it  the  cloth,  to  the  required  dis¬ 
tance  to  space  a  stitch.  The  hold-pad  then  comes  down  on  the  cloth 
to  hold  it  during  the  forming  of  the  stitch,  and  the  feed-hand  is  per¬ 
mitted  to  be  forced  back  by  the  tension  of  spring  p,  the  screw  u  regu¬ 
lating  the  extent  of  this  back-motion.  Thus  the  motion  is  imparted  to 
the  needle  to  give  the  feed-motion  at  its  junction  with  the  cloth,  avoid¬ 
ing  all  tendency  to  bend  it  or  loosen  it  in  its  socket. 

Claim. — Imparting  the  feed-motion  to  the  needle  to  move  the  cloth  or 
other  substance,  to  determine  the  space  of  the  stitches  to  be  made 
therein,  by  a  feed-hand,  or  its  equivalent,  receiving  the  required  motion 
from  the  mechanism  and  acting  against  the  needle,  in  close  proximity 
to  or  in  contact  with  the  cloth,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purpose 
specified. 


430 


m. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


No.  12,389.— Geo.  H.  Horn  and  Benj.  H.  Horn. — Improvement  in 

Sewing-Machines.-— Patented  February  13,  1855.— (Plates,  p.  85.) 

The  needle  (fig.  1)  is  hollow,  and  the  thread  passes  out  through  the 
hole  z  in  the  side  of  the  needle ;  thus  the  thread  is  protected  from  the 
usual  wear  in  the  eye,  and  is  less  liable  to  be  tangled  in  use.  The 
shuttle  22,  which  is  formed  in  any  usual  manner  to  slide  against  the 
side  of  the  shuttle- box,  is  prevented  from  moving,  except  when  opera¬ 
ted  on  by  the  forceps,  by  causing  the  same  to  pass  under  and  against 
a  clamp  23,  which  is  kept  against  the  shuttle  by  spring  24.  A  slide 
29,  to  which  is  imparted  the  proper  reciprocating  motion,  carries  the 
fixed  jaw  30  of  the  forceps  and  movable  jaw  32,  set  on  a  fulcrum  31, 
and  with  a  spring  33  to  keep  the  jaws  closed ;  the  moving  jaw  32  has 
a  point  which  enters  the  eye  O  on  the  end  of  the  shuttle  to  move  the 
same.  For  each  vibration  of  the  needle  the  forceps  make  two  strokes, 
first  passing  through  the  loop  of  the  thread,  seizing  the  shuttle,  pulling 
it  through,  and  then  returning  the  same  beneath  the  clamp,  leaving  it, 
and  returning  ready  to  pass  through  another  loop  ;  hence  it  is  necessary 
at  the  first  stroke  to  open  the  forceps  and  allow  them  to  close  on  the 
eye  of  the  shuttle,  and  at  the  next  vibration  to  open  the  forceps  and 
keep  them  open  until  they  retire  clear  of  the  eye  of  the  shuttle.  .  This 
is  effected  by  means  of  an  arm  34  from  the  moving  jaw  32,  which  is 
operated  on  by  a  pin  35,  which  is  on  the  end  of  a  lever  which  receives 
the  proper  motion  to  produce  the  above  result. 

The  inventors  say :  We  are  aware  that  sewing  has  been  effected 
by  two  threads — the  one  being  carried  by  a  shuttle,  the  other  by  the 
needle,  therefore  we  do  not  claim  the  same;  and  we  are  aware  that  the 
stitch  has  been  pulled  tight  by  the  motion  of  the  needle  and  needle-carrier. 
And  we  do  not  claim  the  shuttle.  But  we  are  not  aware  that  forceps 
have  ever  been  used  to  pass  through  the  loop  of  thread  and  open  the 
same,  thereby  insuring  the  opening  of  the  loop  and  preventing  tangling ; 
nor  do  we  know  that  the  shuttle  has  been  drawn  through  a  loop  by 
means  of  an  eye  on  the  end,  thereby  avoiding  all  liability  of  the  shuttle 
not  passing  into  the  loop  ;  and  where  the  shuttle  is  forced  through  the 
loop  as  the  needle  draws  up,  its  thread  has  to  pass  between  the  rear 
end  of  the  shuttle,  and  the  part  has  forced  the  shuttle  forward,  which 
is  liable  to  break  the  thread. 

We  claim ,  1st.  A  hollow  needle  with  an  eye  in  the  side  to  pass  the 
thread,  as  specified. 

2d.  We  claim  opening  the  loop  by  means  of  forceps,  thereby  insu¬ 
ring  that  the  loop  is  properly  opened,  and  avoiding  tangling  of  thq 
thread,  as  specified. 

3d.  We  claim  drawing  the  shuttle  through  the  loop  by  means  of  the 
eye  O,  or  its  equivalent,  on  the  end  of  said  shuttle,  as  specified,  thereby 
avoiding  the  risk  of  breaking  the  loop  when  the  shuttle  is  forced  through 
the  same,  as  specified. 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE.  431 

No.  12,402. — Edwin  A.  Forbush. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines. — - 

Patented  February  20,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  SO.) 

The  article  to  be  sewed  is  clamped  between  jaws  M  M,  which  are 
supported  by  a  carriage  N,  which  travels  on  rails  B.  Two  carriages  L 
have  awls  P  attached  to  them  to  form  the  stitch-holes.  (The  engravings 
exhibit  only  one  of  the  carriages  L.)  The  two  needles  Q  have  the 
point  at  one  end  and  the  eye  at  the  other  end,  like  the  common  sewing- 
needle.  Each  of  the  carriages  L  supports  a  needle-carriage  T,  which 
moves  horizontally  between  ways  U  U,  elevated  upon  said  carriage  L. 
On  the  inner  end  of  each  carriage  T  is  a  horizontally  rotating  bearer 
V,  wdiich  is  to  support  the  bearer  which  lies  upon  the  top  of  it,  and  is 
held  down  upon  it  by  means  of  one  of  two  vertical  sliding  clamps 
a  h.  Each  of  these  two  clamps  is  placed  within  one  of  two  vertical 
shafts  c,  which  are  supported  by  and  made  to  rotate  freely  within  a 
horizontal  arm  d  that  projects  from  carriage  T.  A  slide  f  slides  hori¬ 
zontally  through  frame  e;  and  while  moving  in  either  direction,  one  of 
its  inclined  planes  g  h  forces  downwards  one  of  the  clamps,  while  the 
other  inclined  plane  is  so  moved  as  to  allow  the  other  clamp  to  rise 
upwards.  When  the  carriage  L  is  moved  towards  the  work  (by  means 
of  vibrating  lever  K)  the  shaft  c  is  turned  180°  of  a  circle  so  as  to 
turn  the  needle  around  and  present  its  point  towards  the  work,  and  the 
needle  passes  through  the  awl-hole  previously  made.  This  done,  the 
carriage  T  is  stopped ;  but  the  carriage  L  moves  still  on,  until  the  awl 
passes  through  the  work.  During  this  motion  of  h,  the  cam  e1  acts 
against  the  slide  f  so  as  to  cause  the  needle  to  be  relieved  from  the 
pressure  of  the  clamp  a  h,  which  previously  held  it,  and  to  be  grasped 
at  the  point  by  the  other'  clamp  a  h ,  so  that,  during  the  next  retreating 
movement  of  T,  the  needles  will  be  drawn  in  opposite  directions  through 
the  work.  After  they  have  each  been  drawn  a  short  distance  through 
the  work,  the  jaws  of  each  set  of  thread-nippers  S  S  are  made  to 
grasp  the  thread  R  and  hold  upon  it  firmly  so  as  to  draw  it  into  the 
work  during  the  further  back  movement  of  T.  The  needles,  before 
they  are  grasped,  are  propelled  forward  by  propellers  a 5  a 5,  one  of 
which  is  fixed  to  each  carriage  L.  The  upper  end  of  arm  K,  when  act¬ 
ing  against  carriage  L,  extends  into  notch  S2  in  the  carriage.  Just  pre¬ 
vious  to  the  end  of  forward  motion  of  the  carriage,  a  locking  spring- 
bolt  t2  applied  to  carriage  L  is  met  by  cam  u1,  and  drives  forward  over 
notch  S2,  and  in  rear  of  K.  This  takes  place  just  before  a  pin  vl  (pro¬ 
jecting  upwards  from  the  bolt)  meets  and  passes  by  the  end  of  a  longi¬ 
tudinal  ledge  wl  on  the  under-skle  of  T.  When  T  stops,  L  continues 
its  forward  motion  ;  the  pin  in  the  meantime  being  slid  along  the  side 
of  the  ledge.  During  the  next  back  motion  of  K,  it  bears  against  the 
Dolt  and  forces  L  and  T  backwards  on  rails  C  ;  during  this,  the  nippers 
draw  the  thread  through  the  work,  the  friction  of  carriage  T  offering 
sufficient  resistance.  As  soon  as  the  thread  is  drawn  tightly  into  the 
work,  the  back  motion  of  T  will  be  arrested  by  the  thread  ;  L,  however, 
continues  until  pin  v 1  passes  beyond  the  rear  end  of  ledge  w1.  Now 
the  spring- bolt  will  be  released  and  thrown  back  by  its  spring  a2  and  away 
from  K  and  notch  S2.  Now  L  stops  ;  K,  however,  continues  its  back 
motion  to  its  whole  extent,  and  is  then  again  brought  forward  to  move 


432 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


forward  carriage  L,  as  above  described.  Thus  the  machine  operates 
under  the  constantly  decreasing  length  of  the  thread  ;  for,  as  soon  as  the 
thread  is  drawn  into  the  work,  whatever  maybe  its  length  between  the 
nippers  and  the  work,  the  back  motion  of  T  will  be  stopped  as  soon  as 
such  length  is  drawn  tight  by  the  nippers. 

One  end  of  cord  k2  is  fastened  to  the  frame  of  the  machine,  and,  alter 
passing  around  pulley  m2  on  slide  d2,  (to  which  slide  the  nippers  c2  are 
attached,)  its  other  end  is  attached  to  the  upper  end  of  vibrating  arm  K. 
As  K  moves  back,  it  draws  on  the  cord  so  as  to  elevate  the  nippers,  so 
that  they  receive  the  thread  in  the  space  r 2  between  them,  when  said 
thread  is  drawn  out  to  its  extreme  tension.  At  the  next  advance  of  K 
or  T  and  L,  the  nippers  and  slides  d2  will  fall  by  their  gravity  and 
carry  the  thread  with  them  so  as  to  prevent  it  from  being  entanglecL 
When  the  thread  is  drawn  through  the  work,  it  will  be  pulled  out  of  the 
nippers  by  the  po^er  which  draws  it  through  the  work.  In  order  to 
prevent  the  weight  of  the  nippers,  slides,  &c.,  from  being  thrown  upon 
the  thread  so  as  to  break  or  displace  the  needle,  while  the  latter  is  being 
turned  180°,  the  following  contrivance  is  applied :  s 2,  with  pulley  i2, 
slides  freely  on  inclined  way  e2.  A  cord  u 2  passes  around  said  pulley, 
one  end  of  which  is  fixed  to  the  frame  of  the  machine,  and  the  other 
end  to  a  carriage  x 2  sliding  upon  rod  o2.  A  spring  y2  causes  x 2  to  slide 
on  o 2  with  the  proper  amount  of  friction.  On  the  top  of  x2  there  is  a 
projection  z2  and  a  spring-catch  a?\  While  K  retreats,  it  strikes  and 
moves  catch  a 3  so  as  to  let  K  slip  by.  When  K  next  advances  towards 
the  work,  it  strikes  shoulder  b 2  of  catch  a 3  and  moves  x2  forward  untile2 
strikes  carriage  L,  whatever  may  be  its  distance  from  the  work.  The 
further  advance  of  K  causes  cd  to  be  disengaged  from  K.  By  the  move¬ 
ment  of  x 2,  the  slide  s2  will  be  elevated  to  a  suitable  position  for  the  upper 
slide  to  rest  upon  it,  so  as  to  relieve  the  thread  from  any  downward 
pressure  of  the  upper  slide. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  would  remark  that  I  do  not  lay  claim  to  any 
method  of  drawing  the  thread  through  the  work  by  seizing  the  needle 
by  a  pair  of  pincers,  and  performing  the  whole  operation  of  drawing 
the  thread  close  into  the  work  by  draught  on  the  said  needle ;  nor  do  I 
claim  a  mode  of  drawing  the  thread  into  the  work  by  means  of  a  trip¬ 
ping  roller  moved  by  an  endless  chain  ; 

But  I  claim  combining  with  the  carriage  T  the  clamps  a  b  and  bearer 
V,  or  mechanism  which  draws  the  needle  through  the  work — a  set  of 
pincers  S  S  made  to  firmly  grasp  the  thread  between  the  needle  and 
the  work,  and  to  be  so  moved  away  from  the  work  as  to  draw  the 
thread  firmly  into  it,  as  specified. 

And  in  combination  with  the  said  machinery  for  holding  the  needle 
and  drawing  it  through  the  cloth  or  work,  I  claim  machinery  or  mechan¬ 
ism,  viz  :  the  rotary  shaft  c,  the  clamps  a  b ,  and  the  bearer  V,  opera¬ 
ted  as  described,  or  their  equivalents,  lor  rotating  the  needle,  or  turning 
or  rotating  it  around  180  degrees,  or  end  for  end,  as  above  specified, 
such  mechanism  allowing  me  to  make  use  ol  a  common  or  ordinary 
needle  made  with  one  eye  and  but  one  point,  as  described. 

I  also  claim  the  combining  with  the  nippers  S  S,  and  the  vibrating 
arm  K,  the  carriages  L  and  T,  the  spring-bolt,  and  contrivances  for 
operating  it,  as  set  forth  ;  the  same  being  not  only  to  draw  the  thread 


in. — fibrous  and  textile.  433 

into  the  work  with  sufficient  tension,  but  to  do  so  under  any  change  in 
the  length  of  it,  essentially  as  specified. 

I  also  claim  the  combination  of  the  rotating-bearer  V ,  the  two  needle- 
clamps  a  b,  and  the  vertical  rotary-shaft  c,  as  operating  together,  or 
operated  substantially  as  described,  and  for  the  purpose  of  holding, 
releasing,  and  reversing  the  needle  or  turning  it  around,  substantially 
as  above  set  forth. 

I  also  claim  to  combine  with  the  rotary-bearer  V,  and  its  clamps  and 
shaft  c,  or  machinery  for  holding,  releasing,  and  directing  a  needle  into 
the  work,  a  propeller  a 5,  operated  or  made  to  operate  substantially  in 
the  manner,  and  so  as  to  force  the  needle  into  the  work,  as  specified. 

I  also  claim  to  combine  with  the  spring-nippers  b2  c2,  or  machinery 
for  taking  up  the  slack  of  the  thread,  and  preventing  entanglement  of 
the  thread,  while  the  carriages  are  being  moved  towards  the  work,  the 
sliding  carriage  S2,  or  mechanism  operating  as  described,  for  prevent¬ 
ing  the  weight  of  the  said  spring-nippers  b2  c2  and  their  slide  d2  from 
being  thrown  upon  the  thread  so  as  to  break  the  needle  or  displace  it 
while  it  is  being  turned  round,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,577. — Thomas  J.  W.  Robertson,  assignor  to  T.  J.  W.  Rob¬ 
ertson  and  Alfred  E.  Beach. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines. — - 

Patented  March  20, 1855.  (Plates,  p.  87.) 

The  inventor  says  in  his  specification  :  I  describe  the  feeding  operas 
tion  first,  supposing  the  dog  to  be  raised  from  the  surface  of  the  cloth,, 
and  hanging  against  the  screw  g,  as  indicated  in  dotted  lines  in  figure 
1.  I  will  now  suppose  the  needle-slider  and  the  wiper  to  be  rising: 
from  the  cloth,  by  which  action  the  wiper  j  will  push  aside  the  arm  h 
of  the  three-armed  lever  to  the  position  in  which  it  is  shown  in  full 
lines,  and  in  so  doing  will  depress  the  arm  c.  The  feed-bar  F  during: 
the  above  operation  will  slide  along  the  point  of  the  screw  g  until  the 
dog/bears  upon  the  cloth,  after  which  the  dog  will  be  caused  to  slide 
the  cloth  along  the  table  in  the  direction  of  the  arrow.  When  the 
needle-slider  and  wiper  j  descend,  the  wiper  in  pushing  aside  the  arm 
i  will  raise  the  armc;  and  as  the  dog  is  by  that  means  withdrawn  from 
contact  with  the  cloth,  the  feed-bar  will  fall  back  to  the  screw  g. 

I  do  not  claim  in  itself  as  new  the  arrangement  of  the  feeding-dog 
and  spring-clamp,  separately  operating  upon  the  cloth  on  its  one  or 
outside  surface,  as  such  has  before  been  done  by  the  alternate  action  of 
these  devices. 

Neither  do  I  claim  of  itself  a  separate  and  constant  spring  pressure 
applied  to  the  outside  surface  of  the  cloth  when  the  feeding-bar  or  dog 
is  otherwise  arranged  to  operate  in  connexion  with  the  spring- clamp  or 
hold,  as  specified. 

But  I  claim  the  combination  of  the  spring-clamp  D  with  the  feeding- 
bar  or  dog/,  constructed,  arranged,  and  operating  together  against  the 
cloth  on  its  one  side  or  surface,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

28 


434 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


No.  12,754. — E.  Harry  Smith,  assignor  to  Wheeler  &  Wilson 

Manufacturing  Company. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines. — 

Patented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  87.) 

The  needle,  being  passed  through  the  cloth,  in  its  withdrawal  throws 
out  a  small  bow  or  loop  O,  figure  5.  The  shuttle,  owing  to  its  adjust¬ 
ment  in  relation  to  the  movements  of  the  needle,  is  made  to  catch  this 
loop,  open  it,  and  pass  a  bobbin  through  it,  as  in  figure  4.  The  needle 
now  begins  to  descend,  and,  passing  through  the  cloth,  takes  up  a  part 
of  the  loop  which  is  around  the  shuttle,  and  draws  it  in  between  the 
shuttle  and  the  button  J,  by  which  it  is  propelled.  As  the  shuttle  con¬ 
tinues  its  revolution,  and  the  needle  its  descent,  the  button  J  is  turned 
on  its  axis  or  made  in  any  way  to  assume  the  position  shown  in  figure 
6,  when  the  loop  is  entirely  released  from  the  button  J,  and  allowed 
to  be  drawn  off  the  shuttle,  and  remains  around  the  heel  (figure  6) 
until  the  needle  again  ascends,  when  the  point  of  the  shuttle  enters  a 
second  loop,  as  in  figure  3.  As  the  shuttle  continues  its  revolution,  the 
first  loop  is  slipped  off  the  heel  and  drawn  up  by  the  enlargement  of 
the  second.  Thus  every  stitch  is  tightened  by  the  passage  of  the 
shuttle  through  the  loop,  which  is  to  form  a  part  of  the  next  stitch. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  machines  have  been  before 
constructed  in  which  a  rotary  shuttle  has  been  used,  and  also  that  a 
machine  has  been  made  which  is  the  subject  of  a  patent  granted  to 
Allen  B.  Wilson,  and  dated  June  15,  1852,  in  which  a  combination  is 
used  of  a  bobbin  with  a  rotating  hook,  which  operates  upon  the  loop  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  throw  it  over  the  bobbin.  But  I  would  have  it 
understood  that  I  make  no  claim  to  any  such  rotating  hook,  or  any 
rotary  shuttle,  except  that  represented  and  described  in  the  accompa¬ 
nying  drawing  and  specification. 

I  therefore  claim  a  discoidal  shuttle,  having  its  bearings  in  its  peri¬ 
phery  and  revolving  around  its  own  axis,  when  constructed  substan¬ 
tially  in  the  manner  and  of  the  form  described. 

And  as  a  means  of  propelling  the  shuttle,  I  claim  the  employment  of 
the  lune-form  button,  constructed  as  described,  which  has  a  movement 
on  its  axis  in  the  manner  set  forth,  for  the  purpose  of  allowing  the 
thread  to  slip  alternately  into  and  out  of  the  concave  in  its  periphery, 
and  thus  pass  off  the  shuttle. 


No.  12,573. — George  W.  Stedman. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines . 

— Patented  March  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  87.) 

By  turning  eccentric  &,  the  slot  i  can  be  made  shorter  or  longer ; 
thus  causing  the  needle,  sooner  or  later,  to  be  thrown  back,  thereby 
effecting  a  longer  or  a  shorter  stitch. 

The  finger  M  is  attached  to  the  rocldng-shaft  C.  The  finger  re¬ 
cedes  when  the  needle  descends,  and  advances  when  the  needle  rises. 
As  the  finger  recedes  the  loop  is  retained  by  spring  p,  till  the  needle 
descends  between  it  and  the  beak  m,  just  in  front  of  shoulder  n,  which 
spreads  the  loop  for  that  purpose.  As  the  finger  recedes  further  the 
loop  is  pulled  away  from  spring  p,  and  is  drawn  up  to  the  cloth. 


in. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


435 


The  inventor  says : 

I  claim  feeding  the  cloth  along  by  means  of  the  needle  acting  as 
a  lever  against  it  over  a  fulcrum  t,  the  needle-carrier  being  driven  for 
the  purpose  with  a  crank  motion  or  its  equivalent,  substantially  as  set 
forth. 

In  connection  with  the  above  motion  of  the  needle,  I  also  claim 
regulating  the  length  of  stitch  by  the  combined  action  of  the  slot  i,  of 
adjustable  length,  and  the  slight  springy  or  its  equivalent,  for  throwing 
the  needle  away  from  the  fulcrum  when  disengaged  from  the  cloth, 
substantially  as  described. 

I  also  claim  the  construction  of  the  finger  M,  with  a  thin-pointed 
beak  in  for  entering  the  loop,  with  a  wedge-shaped  shoulder  n  for 
spreading  the  loop  open  to  receive  the  needle  in  turn,  and  with  a  spring 
p  for  retarding  the  motion  of  the  loop,  arranged  and  operating  in  com¬ 
bination  with  the  needle,  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  pur¬ 
poses  set  forth. 


No.  12,798. — George  W.  Stedman. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines. — 

Patented  May  1,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  87.) 

Claim. — Feeding  the  cloth  or  other  material  along  by  means  of  a  pin 
a ,  or  its  equivalent,  playing  in  a  revolving  shaft  B,  which,  at  the  proper 
moment  in  each  revolution,  brings  it  in  contact  with  a  stationary  cam 
M  or  its  equivalent,  whereby  the  pin  is  pressed  into  the  cloth,  but  again 
recedes  therefrom  as  soon  as  freed  from  the  cam,  substantially  as 
herein  set  forth. 

Also  the  cam  M,  constructed  substantially  as  described,  when 
arranged  upon  a  movable  arm  or  its  equivalent ;  so  that,  by  simply 
adjusting  its  position,  the  length  of  stitch  can  be  varied  at  the  will  of 
the  operator. 


No.  12,826. — Henry  B.  Odiorne. — Improvement  in  Guides  for  Hemming 
and  Cording. — Patented  May  8,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  87.) 

The  retainer  G  is  intended  to  keep  the  cord  H  securely  in  its  place 
within  the  hem  before  it  is  stitched,  and  to  keep  the  said  hem  down 
afterwards.  The  spring-guide  F  acts  as  a  gauge  for  the  width  of  the 
hem,  while  its  elasticity  allows  inequalities  in  the  fabric  to  pass. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  an  adjustable  spring-guide  for  a 
sewing-machine,  nor  do  I  claim  the  combination  of  a  guide  for  the 
cord  with  a  hemming-guide,  as  in  the  patent  of  S.  C.  Blodget,  upon 
which  invention  I  conceive  I  have  made  a  marked  improvement. 

But  I  do  claim  the  curved  retainer  G,  writh  its  notched  end  h,  in 
combination  with  the  shoe  d ,  for  effectually  keeping  the  cord  in  con¬ 
tact  with  the  inside  of  the  hem  of  the  fabric,  while  the  said  hem  is  being 
operated  upon  by  the  needle  and  thread  of  a  sewing-machine. 


436 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


No.  12,856. — John  Chilcott  and  James  Scrimgeour. — Improvement  in 

Sewing-Machines . — Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  87.) 

The  material  is  placed  between  disk  D  and  roller  E.  As  the  roller 
revolves  it  will  move  the  material,  and  (by  friction)  also  the  disk, 
which  turns  freely  in  the  bed-plate  F,  and  through  the  centre  of  which 
the  needle  works.  The  axle  d  of  the  roller  is  attached  to  a  sleeve  e, 
which  is  capable  of  being  turned  freely  around  head  C  by  forcing  it  (the 
sleeve)  up  against  spring  i,  and  raising  it,  so  that  the  teeth  at  its  lower 
edge  g  will  be  above  the  clutch  f,  which  is  fast  to  the  head  C.  When 
moved  round  into  the  required  position,  the  sleeve  is  again  dropped 
into  the  clutch,  which  keeps  it  stationary. 

Although  the  surface  of  the  disk  moves  in  circles,  the  distance  it 
moves  during  every  movement  of  the  material  is  so  short,  that  it  comes 
sufficiently  near  a  straight  feed-motion,  which,  moreover,  will  be  in¬ 
sured  by  applying  a  slight  drag  to  the  material  in  the  desired  line  of 
feed.  As  the  roller  is  capable  of  moving  right  round  the  needle,  it  is 
plain  that  the  feed  can  be  given  in  any  line.  The  direction  of  the  feed 
may  be  changed  at  any  point  by  stopping  the  machine,  with  the  needle 
in  the  work,  to  confine  it  in  its  place,  before  changing  the  position  of 
the  roller,  and  the  work  will  proceed  in  a  new  direction. 

The  inventors  say  :  We  are  aware  that  sewing-machines  have  been 
constructed  so  that  their  feed-mechanism  might  be  varied  to  run  the 
seam  either  longitudinally  with  or  circularly  round  a  cylindrical  man¬ 
drel  by  substituting  one  set  of  feeding-rollers  for  another,  and  that 
these  rollers  have  been  arranged  on  one  side  of  the  material  being 
sewn,  to  operate  in  connection  with  bearing-rollers  on  the  other  side, 
to  prevent  drag,  and  that  such  bearing-rollers  have  been  made  adjust¬ 
able  round  the  needle,  to  run  in  either  one  of  the  two  directions  of  seam 
specified ;  such,  therefore,  we  do  not  claim,  neither  do  we  use  or  claim 
a  rotating  table,  with  guide,  on  its  face,  to  adjust  the  direction  of  the 
seam,  as  known  to  be  old. 

But  we  do  claim  the  arrangement  herein  shown  and  described  of  the 
revolving  disk  D,  within  or  on  the  fixed  table,  and  having  its  axis  in  line 
with  the  needle,  as  specified,  when  combined  to  operate  together  with 
a  roller  E,  bearing  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  cloth,  and  made  adjust¬ 
able  to  any  position  in  a  circle  round  the  centre  of  the  said  disk,  to 
vary  with  facility  and  despatch  the  run  of  the  seam  in  lines,  on  any  side 
of  the  needle,  without  the  aid  of  guides  on  the  face  of  the  table,  and 
whether  the  revolving  disk  or  bearing-roller  be  caused  to  move  the 
cloth,  as  herein  set  forth. 


No.  12,858. — Henry  W.  Dickinson. — Improvement  in  Cording- Guide Jor 

Sewing-Machines. — Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  88.) 

The  operation  of  this  improvement  is  apparent  from  the  figure. 

Claim . — 1st.  A  holder  or  presser  A  to  a  sewing-machine,  formed 
with  a  groove  b,  to  hold  a  cord  in  its  place  while  being  stitched  into 
cloth  or  other  material,  for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  corded  seam,  in  the 
manner  described. 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


437 


2d.  Forming  the  face  or  bearing  side  of  an  adjustable  guide  B  with 
grooves  g  so  arranged  as  to  receive  and  act  upon  a  finished  corded 
seam,  and  guide  the  cloth  parallel  while  stitching  another  seam  or  sew¬ 
ing  in  another  cord,  as  described. 


No.  12,902. — Charles  A.  Durgin. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines . — 

Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  88.) 

When  the  needle  has  passed  down  through  the  cloth  and  has  been 
drawn  back  far  enough  to  form  a  bow  of  thread,  the  vibrating-hook  T 
(which  is  pivoted  to  the  plate  N,  against  which  the  shuttle  D  works)  is 
acted  upon  by  a  cam-pin  on  collar  S  of  driving-shaft  H,  and  shuts  in 
between  the  thread  and  needle  against  the  small  yielding  spring  d1,  and 
holds  the  thread  down  until  the  shuttle  has  passed  nearly  through  the 
loop,  when  the  cam-pin  releases  the  hook,  which  is  forced  back  by 
spring  e1,  while  the  forward  motion  of  the  shuttle  in  connection  with 
the  final  upward  motion  of  the  needle  causes  the  two  threads  to  be 
drawn  tight  to  form  the  stitch. 

Figure  4  is  an  end  view,  and  figure  3  a  bottom  view  of  the  parts 
above  referred  to ;  figure  5  a  detached  side  view  ofthe  hook. 

Claim. — The  vibrating-hook  for  holding  down  the  thread  during  the 
partial  passage  of  the  shuttle  through  the  loop,  when  arranged  and 
operating  substantially  in  the  manner  described. 


No.  12,923. — T.  J.  W.  Robertson. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines. — 

Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  88.) 

The  needle  a  is  worked  in  the  usual  way.  The  looper  h  is  attached 
to  lever  c,  which  works  on  pivot  d ,  which  is  secured  in  the  frame  of 
the  machine  a  short  distance  below  table  A.  Lever  c  has  a  spring  hy 
applied  to  it  in  such  a  way  as  to  throw  up  the  looper  as  high  as  the 
under  side  of  table  A.  (See  figure  3.)  It  is  provided  with  a  slot  i,  to 
receive  a  pin  e,  which  is  secured  to  slider  f  which  works  in  fixed  slide 
g  parallel  with  the  needle  a.  Slider / has  a  small  eye  or  ringy,  in  line 
with  the  needle  and  large  enough  for  the  point  of  the  needle  to  pass 
through,  but  not  large  enough  for  the  needle  to  pass  entirely  through. 
During  the  greater  part  of  the  descent  of  the  needle  the  looper  is  held 
up  by  spring  h;  but  shortly  before  the  descent  terminates  the  needle 
enters  as  far  as  it  can  through  j,  and  drives  down  the  slider,  whose  pin 
e  carries  down  lever  c  far  enough  to  throw  the  point  of  the  looper  to 
the  opposite  side  of  the  needle  to  that  on  which  it  stands  when  it  is 
raised  up  to  the  table.  The  point  of  the  looper  works  close  to  the 
needle  as  it  passes  it;  and  when  the  lever  is  allowed  by  the  ascent  of 
the  needle  to  be  raised  by  the  spring,  the  looper  passes  into  and  ex¬ 
tends  the  loop  and  retains  it  (see  figure  3),  until  the  needle  passes  and 
carries  the  thread  through  it  to  form  the  next  loop.  The  fixed  rounded 
piece  t  prevents  the  closing  of  the  loop  under  the  sharp  edge  of  the  hole 
in  the  table,  and  also  prevents  the  loop  from  slipping  over  the  point  of 
the  looper. 

The  strong  black  line  represents  the  thread. 


438 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


Claim . — So  arranging  and  applying  the  looper  b,  or  its  equivalent, 
by  which  the  loop  in  the  needle-thread  is  extended  or  directed  for  the 
purpose  of  completing  the  stitch,  that  it  shall  derive  its  movement  from 
the  needle  substantially  as  herein  described. 


No.  12,939. — Joseph  Bond,  jr. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines. — 

Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  88.) 

This  invention  consists  in  producing  the  so-called  “  Howe’s  lock¬ 
stitch,”  by  means  of  a  spool-case  caused  to  revolve  horizontally,  while 
the  needle  has  a  vertical  movement.  The  spool-case  rests  and  re¬ 
volves  on  a  ledge  in  a  spool-case  holder,  the  ledge  as  well  as  spool- 
case  being  so  constructed  as  not  to  interfere  with  the  needle-thread. 
The  spool-case  is  a  circular  hollow  box,  with  teeth  on  its  outer  edge  ; 
it  has  also  on  its  edge  a  nose  for  catching  the  needle-thread,  in  place  of 
a  shuttle;  the  nose  being  arranged  in  regard  to  the  above-mentioned 
ledge  in  such  manner  that,  as  the  case  revolves,  the  needle-thread 
passes  perfectly  free ;  within  the  case  is  placed  the  spool  in  such 
manner  that  both  may  revolve  together,  and  radiating  from  the  centre 
of  the  spool  is  an  arm  whose  movement  is  entirely  independent  of  the 
spool  or  case;  this  movement  being  given  by  the  spool-thread,  which 
passes  from  the  said  spool  through  a  small  hole  at  the  end  of  the  arm, 
and  thence  through  another  hole  in  the  centre  of  the  spool-cap  towards 
the  material  to  be  operated  upon.  The  spool-case  is,  with  its  spool, 
caused  to  revolve  on  the  ledge  within  the  holder  by  means  of  the  teeth 
on  the  periphery  of  the  case  gearing  into  the  teeth  of  a  wheel  on  a 
vertical  shaft,  which  has  an  irregular  or  differential  revolving  motion 
given  to  it  by  means  of  an  elliptical  toothed-wheel  F ,  which  gears 
into  a  similar  wheel  E  on  the  driving-shaft  B  ;  thus  causing  the  spool- 
case  and  spool  to  turn  in  such  a  manner  that  in  some  portions  of  a 
complete  revolution,  it  turns  faster  than  at  others,  causing  a  dwell  or 
hesitation,  which,  in  conjunction  with  the  movement  of  the  needle, 
effects  the  stitch.  The  spool-case  has  a  nose  L  on  its  outside  edge 
interrupting  the  teeth  on  the  same.  This  interruption  corresponds 
with  the  portions  of  the  wheel  H  where  the  teeth  are  cut  away,  so 
that  no  impediment  may  be  offered  to  the  free  movement  of  both 
wheels,  the  lengthened  tooth  i  meeting  a  corresponding  recess  in  the 
outside  edge  of  the  spool-case,  giving  further  security  to  the  due  per¬ 
formance  of  the  said  movement. 

The  auxiliary  lever  X  is  operated  by  a  peculiar-shaped  cam  W  on 
the  driving-shaft,  for  the  purpose  of  taking  up  the  excess  of  slack  in 
the  needle-thread  independent  of  the  motion  of  the  needle,  thereby 
requiring  the  vertical  movement  of  the  needle  to  be  less  than  in  other 
machines,  and  consequently  allowing  a  greater  amount  of  speed. 

In  the  engravings  the  waved  line  represents  the  needle-thread,  and 
the  broken  line  the  spool-thread. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  lay  any  claim  to  the  feeding- apparatus, 
or  to  the  method  of  actuating  the  needles ; 

But  I  do  claim ,  1st,  the  spool- case  I,  with  teeth  or  their  equiva¬ 
lents  on  its  outer  edge,  and  the  nose  L,  for  catching  the  needle-thread, 


in. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE.  439 

in  combination  with  the  wheel  H,  having  teeth  cut  away  at  p,  substan¬ 
tially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 

2d.  The  hollow  spool- case  I,  with  its  spool  M,  in  combination  with 
the  radiating  arm  N,  or  its  equivalent,  as  shown  and  described. 

3d.  The  auxiliary  lever  X,  as  operated  by  cams  on  the  driving- 
shaft  C,  not  for  the  purpose  of  controlling  the  needle-thread  between 
the  eye  of  the  needle  and  the  goods,  as  in  Harris’s  and  Howe’S  ma¬ 
chine,  nor  for  the  purpose  of  tightening  the  stitch,  as  this  is  done  by 
the  needle-bar,  but  in  conjunction  with  the  spool-case  I,  so  as  to  ac¬ 
commodate  the  needle-thread  as  it  passes  over  the  spool-case,  thereby 
diminishing  the  extent  of  movement  required  in  the  needles  oi  other 
machines. 


No.  12,969. — Isaac  M.  Singer. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines. — 

Patented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  88.) 

The  cloth  is  pressed  on  to  the  roughened  surface  of  the  feed- wheel 
by  means  of  the  pressure-pad  e,  (the  needle  working  through  a  slot  in 
the  pad,)  on  the  end  of  arm  /,  wdiich  turns  on  fulcrum  pin  g,  secured 
to  slide  A,  which  is  adapted  to  slide  on  the  standard  i  of  the  needle 
slide.  Spring  j  causes  the  pad  to  press  on  the  cloth,  d  he  pad.  thus 
arranged  moves  with  the  cloth  when  advanced  by  the  feed-motion  ot 
wheel  d,,  and  thus  avoids  the  tendency  to  produce  a  wrinkle.  So  soon 
as  the  feed-motion  has  taken  place,  and  the  needle  begins  to  enter  the 
cloth,  the  pad  is  lifted  up  (by  means  of  a  cam  on  the  needle  cam  shaft) 
that  it  may  be  forced  back  to  its  original  position  by  the  tension  ol  the 
delicate  spring  l ,  which  acts  on  the  pad  arm. 

Claim. — In  sewing  seams  in  cloth  and  other  substances  by  ma¬ 
chinery,  suspending  the  feed-motion  for  the  purpose  of  causing  the 
needle  to  perform  two  successive  operations  in  one  and  the  same 
puncture,  to  tie  the  seam,  substantially  as  specified. 

Also,  connecting  the  pressure-pad  with  its  slide,  or  the  equivalent 
thereof,  by  means  of  a  long  jointed  arm,  substantially  as  described,  in 
combination  with  the  feed-wheel,  or  its  equivalent,  as  described,  so 
that  the  said  pressure-pad  shall  move  with  the  cloth  or  other  substance, 
when  fed  forward  for  spacing  the  stitches,  instead  of  making  friction, 
which  would  tend  to  pucker  or  wrinkle  such  cloth,  or  other  substance, 
as  described;  and  by  which,  also,  the  cloth  is  relieved  from  pressure 
after  the  needle  has  entered,  so  that  it  can  be  turned  freely  on  the 
needle  as  an  axis,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,984. — Addison  Capron,  assignor  to  Himself,  James  S.  Dennis 
and  Hervey  M.  Richards. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines.  Pat¬ 
ented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  89.) 

This  machine  serves  for  sewing  hooks  and  eyes,  or  various  articles, 
to  a  sheet  of  paper  or  other  material.  The  secondary  carrier  D  is  pro¬ 
vided  with  teeth,  engaging  with  the  gear  E,  supported  on  a  stationary 
shaft  G,  which  is  upheld  by  arm  F,  extended  from  the  main  frame.  H  is  a 


440 


in. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


coiled  spring  within  the  gear-wheel,  with  one  end  fastened  to  the  wheel 
and  the  other  to  the  shaft  G.  The  object  of  so  applying  the  needle  to 
the  main  carrier  is  to  prevent  breakage  of  the  former,  should  its  point 
by  accident  be  carried  into  the  upper  surface  of  the  article  to  be  sewed 
to  the  paper.  When  this  happens,  the  coiled  spring,  although  operating 
to  press  the  secondary  carrier  downward  against  shoulder  a  of  the  main 
carrier,  will  yield  sufficiently  to  let  the  secondary  carrier  remain  sta¬ 
tionary  while  the  main  carrier  continues  to  descend. 

Claim. — Combining  the  needle  with  the  main  carrier  by  means  of  a 
secondary  carrier  and  a  spring,  or  the  equivalent  thereof,  applied  to  the 
main  carrier,  so  as  to  operate  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the 
purpose  before  specified. 


No.  13,064. — T.  J.  W.  Robertson. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines . 

— Patented  June  12,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  89.) 

The  needle  a  passes  through  the  cloth  far  enough  to  bring  its  eye 
below  the  point  of  the  looper.  When  the  needle  begins  to  rise  and 
leave  the  thread  slack,  it  also  begins  to  turn  on  its  centre  towards  the 
point  of  the  looper,  and  by  that  means  throws  the  slack  of  the  thread 
over  the  said  point ;  and  as  it  continues  to  rise,  it  draws  the  thread  in  the 
form  of  a  loop  over  the  looper,  which,  without  detaining  the  loop, 
merely  keeps  it  open  and  in  a  proper  position  for  the  needle  to  pass 
through  it  in  its  next  descent ;  as  tension  is  produced  on  the  thread  by  the 
descent  of  the  needle,  the  loop  is  drawn  entirely  over  and  off  the  looper, 
(the  looper  passing  entirely  through  the  loop.)  The  turning  of  the 
needle  and  needle-carrier  d  is  effected  by  means  of  the  pin  f  project¬ 
ing  from  d ,  which  pin,  during  the  ascent  of  the  needle,  follows  the 
curved  surface  of  spring  g,  thereby  effecting  the  turn  of  the  needle. 
When  arrived  near  the  end  of  the  ascent,  the  pin,  catching  under  and 
sliding  along  the  inclined  under-surface  of  i ,  is  turned  back,  and  during 
the  descent  of  the  needle  slides  behind  the  spring  g  without  being 
turned. 

Claim. — Making  a  needle-thread  single  or  chain-stitch,  by  means  ot 
a  detached  and  loosely  held  looper  h  and  reciprocating  needle,  arranged 
and  operating  together  in  such  a  manner  that  while  the  needle  in  its 
back-stroke  draws  the  slack  of  its  thread  on  to  or  along  and  around  the 
looper,  the  looper,  without  detaining  the  loop  formed  by  the  drawing  of 
the  slack  of  the  needle  thread  on  and  along  it,  guides  and  keeps  the 
loop  open,  and  the  needle  and  its  thread,  in  their  next  advance  stroke, 
pass  through  the  open  loop,  which,  kept  moving,  and  having  the  further 
feed  of  its  own  or  needle- thread  passed  through  it,  as  specified,  is  drawn 
entirely  over  and  off  the  looper  b  to  complete  the  stitch,  substantially  as 
described. 

No.  13,065. — Isaac  M.  Singer. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines. — 

Patented  June  12,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  89.) 

The  cloth  is  held  between  the  pady  (on  rod  Jc ,  secured  to  the  frame 
which  carries  the  needle- carrier)  and  the  periphery  of  the  feed-wheel 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


441 


c,  by  the  tension  of  the  spring  h  acting  on  the  lever /  (the  wheel  c  being 
pivoted  to  the  extended  part  e  of  lever /),  and  the  lever  and  wheel  will 
move  towards  and  from  the  pad  to  follow  the  varying  thickness  of  the 
cloth.  The  feed-wheel  c  is  turned  by  a  ratchet  pawl  (not  shown  in 
the  engravings). 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  the  cloth  in  sewing-machines 
has  been  held  to  the  periphery  of  the  feed-wheel  by  yielding  pressure, 
and  therefore  I  wish  it  to  be  understood  that  I  make  no  claim  to  this 
mode  of  operation. 

I  claim ,  feeding  the  cloth  or  other  substance  in  sewing-machines 
by  means  of  a  wheel  hung  on  a  vibrating  lever,  or  equivalent  therefor, 
and  borne  upward  by  a  spring  or  its  equivalent,  against  the  under 
surface  of  and  in  combination  with  a  fixed  pad,  substantially  as 
described. 


No.  13,178. —  Jean  Pierre  Molliere.  —  Improvement  in  Sewing - 

Machines. — Patented  July  3,  1855.  Patented  in  France,  May  30, 

1855. 

A  description  and  drawings,  illustrating  the  various  features  of  this 
improvement,  would  necessarily  be  too  extensive  to  be  given  in  this 
report. 

I  claim — of  even  date  with  the  French  patent  for  the  same  in¬ 
vention — 

1st.  The  movable  fulcrum  h ,  of  the  graduated  sliding-piece  d,  for 
lengthening  or  shortening  the  arm  of  the  lever  h  c ,  in  connection  with 
the  catches / / 1/2,  of  different  lengths,  whereby  the  movement  of  the 
rack-sh'aft  O,  or  of  the  pinion  P,  can  be  varied  at  pleasure,  so  as  to 
produce  any  length  of  stitch  that  may  be  desired ;  the  whole  arranged 
and  operated  substantially  in  the  manner  described. 

2d.  The  guides  T  T1  of  the  tooth-rack  Q,  and  the  rollers  G  G1  G2 
for  keeping  in  place  the  adjustable  piece-carriers  R  R,  and  the  tooth- 
rack  Q1,  which  steadily  pushes  forward  the  piece  to  be  sewed,  so  as 
to  secure  a  regular  succession  of  stitches ;  the  whole  arranged  and 
operated  substantially  in  the  manner  described. 

3d.  The  action  of  the  hook  or  lever  A,  when  the  upper  needle-carrier 
is  ascending,  upon  the  lever  i ,  whereby  the  point  j,  bearing  upon  the 
rod  k,  makes  it  press  the  piece  m  against  the  piece  n ,  so  as  to  seize 
and  hold  fast  the  needles  between  the  shoulders  of  the  pieces  m  and  n, 
at  the  moment  when  the  lower  needle  carrier  has  driven  them  through  the 
piece  to  be  sewed  ;  the  whole  arranged  and  operated  substantially  in 
the  manner  described. 

4th.  The  lever  F,  and  its  two  hooks  X  X1,  for  passing  beyond  the 
line  of  sewing,  and  taking  hold  of  the  thread  at  the  moment  when  the 
needles  are  held  above  the  plates  S  S,  and  pulling  it  after  them,  and 
closing  up  the  seam,  together  with  the  apparatus  fig.  5,  Plate  I,  for 
overcoming  the  obstacle  arising  from  short  threads  ;  the  whole 
arranged  and  operated  substantially  in  the  manner  described. 

5th.  The  stopping  levers  4  and  41,  fig.  7,  Plate  I,  for  arresting  the 
two  needle-carriers  in  their  course  when  the  thread  breaks,  which,  by 


442 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


throwing  the  ball  10  out  of  perpendicular,  ungear  the  catches  f  f1  f 
by  the  piece  K  H,  and  so  bring  the  machine  to  a  stop ;  the  whole 
arranged  and  operated  substantially  in  the  manner  herein  described. 

6th.  The  sewing  of  every  kind  of  seam,  whether  straight  or  crooked, 
by  what  is  known  as  the  shoemaker’s  stitch,  in  the  manner  substantially 
described. 


No.  13,195. — Jerome  B.  Woodruff. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines . 

— Patented  July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  89.) 

The  needle-arm  (made  in  imitation  of  a  bird)  is  hollow.  P  is  the 
shuttle  carrier. 

The  inventor  says:  I  claim ,  1st.  The  making  of  the  needle-bar  hol¬ 
low,  and  providing  it  with  a  door  or  slide,  for  the  purpose  of  holding 
incased  therein  such  parts  of  the  machine  as  may  be  desired;  and  this 
I  claim,  whether  the  needle-bar  be  ornamented  as  described,  or  other¬ 
wise. 

I  also  claim  the  direct  and  positive  connection  of  the  needle-arm  and 
shuttle-carrier,  by  which  means  they  both  move'  simultaneously  and  in 
perfect  harmony  with  each  other,  so  that  whichever  way  the  pulley  is 
driven,  the  operations  of  the  machine  will  be  the  same,  substantially 
as  described. 


No.  13,201. — George  W.  Stedman. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines . 

— Patented  July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  89.) 

The  bobbin  B  consists  of  a  circular  case  formed  of  a  convex  plate 
/on  one  side  and  a  flat  plate  g  on  the  other,  the  two  plates  being 
united  by  a  rivet  in  the  centre.  The  flat  plate  g  is  somewhat  less  in 
diameter  than  the  plate/  so  as  to  leave  sufficient  space  inside  of  the 
edge  of  the  latter  for  the  thread  s  to  be  wound  in  or  unwound ;  and  its 
outer  surface  is  sunk  below  or  flush  with  the  edge  of  plate  /,  which 
will  consequently  rest  closely  upon  any  flat  surface,  and  completely 
hide  the  flat  plate.  Thus  the  loop  will  be  allowed  to  pass  under  the 
bobbin  without  danger  of  its  getting  inside  of  it. 

Claim. — Mounting  a  bobbin  B,  or  its  equivalent,  upon  and  combining  it 
with  a  reciprocating  plate  or  looper  A,  which  is  provided  with  a  pointed 
projection  extending  before  said  bobbin,  and  arranged  so  as  to  enter 
the  loop  of  the  needle-thread,  then  carry  the  bobbin  over  the  outside 
of  and  finally  back  through  said  loop,  substantially  as  described  ; 
whereby  the  liability  to  miss  the  stitch  and  break  the  needle,  together 
with  the  noise  and  friction  of  a  shuttle,  is  avoided,  the  use  of  oil  for 
lubricating  the  shuttle-race  dispensed  with,  and  the  consequent  soiling 
of  the  thread  prevented. 

Also  constructing  the  bobbin  with  one  face  sunk  below  or  flush  with 
the  edge  of  the  other  face,  its  thread  consequently  unwinding  from  its 
face  instead  of  its  periphery,  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  the  loop  of 
the  needle-thread  getting  inside  of  the  bobbin,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE.  443 

No.  13,24*2. — -Jerome  B.  Woodruff. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines. — 

Patented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  90.) 

The  wrist-pin  d,  on  the  revolving  pulley  I,  communicates  a  recipro¬ 
cating  motion  to  the  lower  arm  of  the  needle-carrier  E,  by  means  of  a 
connecting-rod  H,  the  wrist-pin  c  of  which  can  be  adjusted  in  the  slot 
h  of  said  arm,  for  the  purpose  of  adjusting  the  amount  of  vibration  of 
the  needle  D.  The  position  of  the  parts  referred  to  in  the  second  part 
of  the  claim  is  represented  in  fig.  1 ;  R  representing  the  shuttle- box, 
and  F  the  shuttle.  The  feeding- arm  P  is  pivoted  to  bracket  CJ,  and  is 
operated  by  the  same  wrist-pin  d.  The  inclined  plane  z,  at  the  upper 
end  of  the  feeding-arm,  in  conjunction  with  pin  r,  on  the  under-side  of 
the  feeding-pawl  V,  serves  to  deflect  the  same  a  distance  equal  to  the 
length  of  the  stitch  required.  The  upper  end  of  the  feeding- arm  like¬ 
wise  carries  the  teeth  j  of  the  feeding-pawl  alternately  into,  and  per¬ 
mits  it  to  be  withdrawn  from  contact  with,  the  cloth.  The  pawl  is 
pivoted  at  its  rear  end.  An  adjustable  eccentric-pin  X,  connected 
with  a  hand  and  dial,  is  arranged  to  act  against  the  pawl,  to  move  it 
laterally  more  or  less,  to  set  it  in  such  position  that  the  inclined-plane  i 
will  strike  it,  sooner  or  later,  as  it  is  required  to  feed  more  or  less  to 
produce  a  longer  or  shorter  stitch. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  arrangement  of  the  needle-shuttle  and  feeding- 
arms,  the  connecting-rod  H  and  pulley  I,  with  its  wrist-pin  d ,  substan¬ 
tially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

2d.  The  giving  to  the  needle  and  the  shuttle  such  relative  range  of 
vibration,  that  at  the  time  the  shuttle  is  forward,  the  needle  raised,  and 
the  tension  upon  the  stitch  the  greatest,  the  distance  between  the  eye 
of  the  needle  and  the  eye  of  the  shuttle,  and  the  stitch,  will  be  equal ; 
thereby  more  effectually  insuring  an  equal  draught  on  both  threads  of 
the  stitch,  within  the  body  of  the  cloth. 

3d.  The  combination  of  the  feeding-pawl  with  the  feeding-lever  to 
raise  and  lower  the  teeth  of  the  pawl,  and  the  inclined  plane  to  vibrate 
them  laterally,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

4th.  The  combination  with  the  feeding-pawl  of  the  eccentric-pin  X, 
a  pointer  Z,  and  an  index  or  dial  graduated  and  numbered,  whereby 
the  machine  can  be  adjusted  to  vary  the  length  of  the  stitches,  at  will, 
to  any  required  number  to  the  inch  ;  and  the  number  which  the  machine, 
as  adjusted,  will  make,  can  at  any  time  be  observed  without  measure¬ 
ment  or  calculation,  whether  it  be  in  operation  or  not. 


No.  13,275. — Frederick  R.  Robinson. — Improvement  in  Guides  for 

Sewing-Machines . — Patented  July  17,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  90.) 

Projecting  downward  from  the  under-side  of  a  spring -presser  D,  (ap¬ 
plied  to  press  the  cloth  down  upon  the  bed  C,)  and  forward  in  front  of 
the  needle  A,  is  the  seam- gauge  E,  it  being  a  thin  metal  plate,  made 
wedge-shaped,  so  as  to  lie  and  fit  into  a  seam,  and  rest  upon  the  stitches 
by  which  the  two  pieces  of  cloth  are  united.  While  sewing  a  line  of 
stitches,  the  needle  operates  at  such  a  distance  from  the  plane  of  the 
gauge  as  it  may  be  desirable  to  have  the  line  of  stitches  from  the  seam, 


444 


m. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


the  gauge  resting  in  the  seam  and  serving  to  guide  and  maintain  the 
cloth  in  such  direction  with  respect  to  the  needle,  as  to  cause  the  line 
of  sewing  made  by  it  to  be  parallel  to  the  seam. 

Claim . — The  combination  of  the  seam-gauge  or  guide  with  a  sewing- 
machine. 


No.  13,353. — James  Harrison,  Jr. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines . 

— Patented  July  31,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  90.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claims 
and  engravings. 

Fig.  2  represents  the  feed  in  two  positions :  one  represented  in  full, 
the  other  in  dotted  lines. 

Claim. — 1st.  Feeding  the  material  to  be  sewed  by  means  of  a  feed- 
plate  B,  which  is  guided  substantially  as  herein  described,  in  the  direction 
of  any  curved,  circuitous,  or  irregular  line  of  sewing,  by  means  of 
grooves  d  d 1,  or  their  equi  valent,  on  its  back-side,  of  a  form  correspond¬ 
ing  to  the  said  line,  receiving  or  working  in  contact  with  fixed  pinscc1, 
or  their  equivalent  fixed  guides,  whereby  motion  is  only  allowed  to  the 
said  feed-plate  in  such  direction  as  to  make  the  material  describe,  in 
passing  the  needle,  the  intended  line,  the  said  feed-plate  receiving  mo¬ 
tion  by  any  mechanical  device  suitable  for  the  purpose. 

2d.  Combining  the  guide-pins  c  c1,  or  their  equivalents,  with  the  shoe 
c ,  which  confines  the  feed-plate  and  produces  the  necessary  pressure  of 
the  plate  on  the  material  A,  substantially  as  specified. 


No.  13,362. — Isaac  M.  Singer. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines. — 

Patented  July  31,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  90.) 

The  feed-plate  d  (roughened  at  its  upper  surface)  has  a  vibratory 
motion.  During  its  forward  motion,  the  cloth  between  it  and  the 
pressure-pad  p  will  be  carried  forward;  but  during  its  backward  motion 
the  lifter  r  rises  and  holds  the  cloth  above  the  upper  surface  of  the 
feed -pi ate,  so  that  it  (the  cloth)  will  not  be  carried  back  with  the  back¬ 
ward  motion  of  the  feed-plate. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  lifter,  substantially  as  specified,  with 
the  vibrating  feed-plate  and  pressure-pad,  substantially  as  and  for  the 
purpose  specified. 


No.  13,499. — Francis  A.  Ross  and  Wm.  H.  Marshall. — Improvement 

in  Sewing-Machine  Cases. — Patented  August  28,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 

90.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  will  be  understood  from  the  claims  and 
engravings. 

We  claim  the  making  the  case  in  the  form  of  a  cabinet,  which  when 
opened  will  afford  space  for  operating  the  machine  by  the  treadles, 
and  will  form  a  table  for  the  work,  by  raising  the  leaves  and  support- 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE.  445 

t 

ing  them  by  the  doors  of  the  cabinet  when  thrown  open,  in  the  manner 
described. 

We  also  claim  the  construction  of  the  folding  top,  which  when  open  fur¬ 
nishes  drawers  and  shelf  for  the  convenience  of  the  operator,  as  described. 


No.  13,616. — Jas.  Harrison,  Jr. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines. — 

Patented  October  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  91.) 

F  F1  are  the  ends  of  two  elbow-levers,  which  drive  the  two  sliding 
needle-bars  E  E1.  The  cam  which  operates  the  levers  is  so  shaped 
that  both  needles  will  be  withdrawn  from  the  material  during  part  of 
the  revolution.  Before  the  lower  needle  is  withdrawn,  the  needle  h 
enters  its  loop,  to  retain  it  and  hold  it  in  readiness  for  the  upper  needle 
a.  Needle  b  is  attached  to  bar  b1,  which  slides  in  a  guide  at  the  side 
of  and  nearly  parallel  with  needle-bar  E,  said  guides  being  in  the  same 
plate,  G,  as  the  guide  of  the  said  needle-bar ;  and  needle  b  is  con¬ 
nected  by  a  hook  at  its  upper  end  with  elbow-lever  c,  which  is  pivoted 
to  G.  Bar  b1  is  fitted  to  its  guide  in  plate  G,  so  that  it  can  move  side¬ 
ways  a  limited  distance,  which,  in  connexion  with  the  spiral  spring 
around  b1,  imparts  a  tendency  to  throw  the  point  of  b  always  away 
from  needle  a.  When  needle  a  is  in  the  cloth,  b  is  kept  lifted  up  by 
reason  of  the  swelled  part  /  of  bar  E  having  thrown  aside  the  upper 
and  raised  the  lower  arm  of  lever  c;  but  as  a  is  withdrawn  from  the 
cloth,  and  the  swelled  part  /  leaves  the  lever  c,  the  needle  b  is  forced 
down  by  the  spiral  spring  until  it  passes  close  behind  a1,  and  between 
said  needle  a 1  and  its  thread,  in  the  same  manner  as  needle  a  would  do 
if  descending  at  the  same  time ;  and  then  it  passes  through  the  cloth 
and  remains  stationary  until  the  lower  needle  has  been  withdrawn  and 
left  the  loop  around  it. 

The  clamps  1 11,  between  which  the  cloth  is  sewed,  are  jointed  by 
knuckle-joints  p p1  to  forked-rods  Jck,  which  are  rigidly  attached  one  to 
each  of  the  guide-plates  G  G1. 

The  swinging  movement  of  the  clamps  allows  the  material  to  be 
liberated  during  the  feed  movement.  The  face  of  the  plate  I1,  which 
is  the  plane  in  which  the  interlacing  of  the  loops  is  to  be  performed^  so 
as  to  show  only  a  single  thread  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  material, 
nearly  bisects  the  angle  formed  by  the  lines  of  motion  of  the  needles, 
and  is  kept  in  that  position  during  the  vibrations  of  the  guide-plates, 
by  connecting  plate  I1  at  one  end,  by  rod  q,  to  the  fixed  plate  H1.  _  The 
lower  point  of  attachment  of  rod  q  and  the  centre  l  being  equi-dis- 
tant  with  the  upper  point  of  attachment,  and  the  centre  p1  and  rod  q 
being  of  the  same  length  as  from  ll  top1,  the  plate  I1  must  have  a  par¬ 
allel  movement.  The  upper  clamp  I,  being  suspended  in  one  trans¬ 
verse  line,  accommodates  itself  to  any  variation  in  the  thickness  of  the 
cloth.  Pressure  is  given  to  the  clamps  (in  order  to  hold  the  cloth)  by 
a  spiral  spring  attached  to  arms  on  the  rear  ends  of  shafts  N  Nl,  which 
latter  carry  arms  P  P1,  which  are  connected  by  links  It  It1  to  plates 
G  G1.  The  opening  of  the  clamps  to  release  the  cloth  during  the  feed 
movement  is  produced  by  a  stud  on  shaft  C. 


446 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


The  feed  mechanism  is  not  exhibited  in  the  engravings,  as  it  form3 
no  part  of  the  invention. 

Claim. — 1st.  In  connexion  with  the  giving  of  the  two  needles  a  a 
such  a  movement  as  will  cause  both  at  once,  during  any  revolution  or 
stroke  of  the  machine,  to  be  withdrawn  from  the  cloth  for  a  sufficient 
time  to  effect  the  feed  movement,  the  employment  of  a  supplementary 
needle  b,  arranged  and  operating  substantially  as  described,  to  supply 
the  place  of  the  needle  <z,  which  operates  first  after  the  feed  move¬ 
ment,  and  to  retain  the  loop  in  the  thread  which  has  been  put  through 
the  cloth  by  the  needle  which  last  leaves  the  cloth  before  the  feed 
movement,  until  the  first-named  needle  operates  to  pass  through  the 

said  loop,  substantially  as  described. 

2d.  The  attachment  of  the  clamps  I  I1,  which  hold  the  material  to 
be  served  to  two  swinging  guide-plates  G  G1,  or  their  equivalents, 
which  serve  also  as  guide-plates  for  the  needle-bars,  and  thereby  cause 
the  needles  and  the  clamps  to  swing  together,  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed  ;  whereby  the  clamps  are  enabled  to  accommodate  themselves 
to  different  or  varying  thicknesses  of  material,  and  to  be  opened  to 
slacken  their  hold  upon  the  material  during  the  feed  movement,  and 
the  needles  are  enabled  to  be  kept  in  a  proper  or  desirable  relation  to 

the  clamp.  e 

3d.  The  connexion  of  the  two  swinging  guide-plates  G  G  ,  or  their 

equivalents,  in  any  manner  substantially  as  described,  whereby  one 
of  them  is  caused  to  have  a  movement  so  much  greater  than  the  other, 
that  the  relative  movements  of  the  needles  and  clamps  shall  be  such 
that  the  needles,  in  all  positions  of  the  clamps,  will  cross  each  other  in 
the  plane  of,  or  as  near  as  is  desired  to  the  plane  of  the  face  of  one  of 
the  clamps,  which  is  the  plane  of  one  surface  of  the  material,  as  fully 
set  forth. 


No.  13,630. — C.  J.  Cowperth waite. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines. 

— Patented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  91.) 

The  foot  j  of  the  bar  J  (which  latter  slides  in  the  stand  of  the 
machine)  is  held  down  upon  the  cloth  by  means  of  a  weighted  lever 
K.  When  it  is  desired  to  insert  a  new  piece  of  cloth,  or  to  remedy 
any  defect  in  the  seam,  the  operator  pushes  the  lever  backwards,  until 
the  pin  m,  which  projects  from  the  stand,  occupies  the  lower  end  of  slot 
Jc,  and  the  bottom  of  projection  o,  on  the  lever,  arrives  at  the  top  of 
stop-piece  p,  (see  dotted  position  in  fig.  4,)  by  which  movement  the 
character  of  the  lever  is  changed  from  a  lever  of  the  second  to  one  of 
the  first  order,  with  p  for  a  fulcrum,  and  instead  of  pressing  on  bar  J, 
it  holds  it  up.  The  pin  n,  projecting  from  the  bar  J,  is  held  in  the  slot 
Z.  When  lever  K  is  in  this  position,  with  bar  J  raised,  if  the  foot  should 
be  struck  by  the  needle-bar  and  commence  to  be  pushed  down,  the 
slot  Ziwmuld  move  down  the  pin  m,  and  by  moving  a  very  little  way, 
would  throw  the  lever  forward,  and  throw7  the  bottom  of  the  piece  o  of! 
the  top  of  p,  allowing  the  inclined  back  of  o  to  slide  down,  and  the  slot 
Jc  to  slide  all  the  way  down  the  pin  m ,  bringing  down  the  bar  J. 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


447 


By  arranging  the  shuttle- race  obliquely  (as  will  be  understood  from 
fig.  3,)  the  dragging  action  of  the  shuttle  on  the  outer  side  of  the  loop, 
or  side  farthest  from  the  needle,  will  be  counterbalanced,  and  the 
stitches  on  the  upper  side  of  the  cloth  will  be  in  one  line. 

The  sharper  the  shuttle,  the  less  drag  will  it  give  the  loop,  and  less 
obliquity  of  the  shuttle- race  will  be  required. 

The  inventor  says  :  Ido  not  claim  the  application  of  a  weight  simply 
to  give  pressure  to  the  cloth-holder,  either  fixed  or  adjustable. 

But  I  claim ,  1st,  the  weight  trip-lever  K  applied,  substantially  as 
described,  to  the  bar  J  or  its  equivalent,  which  holds  the  cloth,  so  as 
to  serve  not  only  to  apply  pressure  to  the  cloth,  but  to  hold  up  the  said 
bar,  or  equivalent,  from  the  cloth,  when  desired ;  and  also  to  allow  the 
said  bar  or  equivalent,  when  its  foot  is  struck  by  the  needle-bar,  while 
it  is  held  up,  to  descend,  and  to  hold  it  down  again  until  it  is  lifted  by 
the  operator,  substantially  as  described. 

2d.  I  claim  arranging  the  shuttle-race  obliquely  to  the  direction 
in  which  the  cloth  is  moved,  to  produce  the  seam  or  line  of  sewing, 
substantially  as  described,  for  the  purpose  of  causing  the  visible  parts 
of  the  stitches  on  the  front  or  upper  side  of  the  cloth  to  be  straight, 
or  all  in  the  same  line. 


No.  13,661. — Isaac  M.  Singer. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines . — 

Patented  Oct.  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  91.) 

When  the  shuttle-thread  is  loose  between  the  cloth  and  the  hole  in 
the  shuttle  through  which  it  passes,  the  thread  is  apt  to  get  in  the 
way,  or  sometimes  on  one  and  then  on  the  other  side  of  the  needle, 
thereby  producing  unevenness  in  the  stitches.  To  prevent  this,  a 
spring  thread-guide  y  is  attached  to  the  upper  surface  of  shuttle  d,  ex¬ 
tending  nearly  the  whole  length  thereof,  and  making  pressure  on  the 
thread,  the  rear  end  being  curved  for  a  short  distance,  and  then  straight, 
so  that  when  the  shuttle  advances,  the  thread  shall  be  drawn  back 
under  the  spring  and  back  to  the  curve  ;  and  when  the  shuttle  moves 
back,  the  thread  shall  be  held  by  the  curve  of  the  said  guide,  by 
which  it  is  held  in  a  straight  line  until  after  the  needle  enters  the  cloth, 
and  then  it  slips  off  from  the  curved  part  of  the  guide. 

The  needle-bar  m  is  connected  with  the  sliding-needle  carrier  n  by  a 
joint  pin  o,  so  that  it  can  vibrate  in  the  direction  of  the  motion  of  the 
shuttle  ;  and  it  is  provided  with  a  delicate  spring  p,  the  tension  of 
which  tends  constantly  to  carry  the  needle  q  to  the  extent  of  its  range 
of  motion  in  the  direction  the  reverse  of  the  feed  motion.  As  the  feed 
motion  is  continuous,  the  moment  the  needle  enters  the  cloth  it  begins 
to  move  with  the  feed  motion,  and  continues  to  move  along  with  it 
during  the  entire  operation  of  forming  the  stitch  and  until  it  comes  out 
again,  the  needle-bar  admitting  of  this  motion  by  reason  of  its  con¬ 
nection  with  the  carrier  by  the  said  joint  pin,  and  the  moment  the 
needle  is  out  of  the  cloth  it  is  carried  back  to  its  original  position 
by  the  spring  p. 

The  object  of  this  is  to  avoid  the  irregularity  in  the  spacing  of  the 


448 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


stitches,  due  to  the  necessity  of  overcoming  friction  and  the  inertia  of 
all  the  moving  parts,  when  operating  with  an  intermittent  feed  motion. 

Claim. — In  combination  with  the  shuttle,  and  attached  thereto,  the 
employment  of  a  spring  pressure  guide,  substantially  as  specified,  to 
control  the  shuttle- thread  as  the  needle  enters  the  cloth,  or  other  sub¬ 
stance  to  be  sewed,  as  set  forth,  and  for  the  purpose  specified;  and 
the  continuous  feed  motion  for  spacing  the  stitches,  substantially  as 
specified,  in  combination  with  the  vibratory  motion  of  the  needle  im¬ 
parted  in  one  direction  by  the  feed  motion,  and  in  the  opposite  by  a 
spring  or  any  equivalent  therefor,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purpose 
specified. 


No.  13,662. — Isaac  M.  Singer. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines . — 

Patented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  92.) 

The  feeding  is  effected  by  tongue  f  on  the  lower  end  of  lever  g, 
which  turns  on  fulcrum-pin  A,  attached  to  pressure  slide- bar  i,  which 
is  forced  down  by  springy,  thereby  causing  the  tongue  to  make  a 
pressure  on  the  surface  of  the  cloth.  The  lower  end  of  lever  g  is  fitted 
to  work  in  a  slot  in  the  foot  h  of  the  pressure-bar  i  towards  and  from 
the  needles  h  h.  The  lower  end  of  the  lever  with  the  tongue  is  forced 
outwards  from  the  needles  to  take  the  required  position  for  the  feed  by 
the  tension  of  spring  l  at  the  upper  end ;  and  it  is  moved  towards  the 
needles  to  give  the  feed  by  the  U-formed  lever  m,  one  end  of  which 
acts  on  the  lever,  the  other  end  being  acted  upon  by  cam  n  on  the 
needle  cam-shaft,  so  located  as  to  give  the  feed-motion  just  before  the 
needle  enters  the  cloth.  After  the  needles  have  entered  the  cloth,  the 
pad  is  lifted  to  permit  it  to  be  drawn  back  by  the  tension  of  the  spring 
l  by  a  cam  o,  which  acts  on  an  army?  attached  to  the  pressure  sliding-bar 
i  before  named.  There  is  a  lever  q  which  turns  on  a  fulcrum-pin  r 
attached  to  the  standard  of  the  frame.  This  lever  is  vibrated  in  one 
direction  by  a  spring  s,  which  keeps  the  rear  end  of  the  arm  in  contact 
with  the  surface  of  a  cam  t  on  the  driving-wheel  u ,  and  so  formed  as  to 
vibrate  the  said  lever  in  one  direction  the  moment  the  needles  have 
risen,  and  keep  it  in  a  state  of  rest  during  the  descent  and  rise  of  the 
needles,  and  then  to  permit  it  to  be  vibrated  back  in  the  opposite  direc¬ 
tion  at  the  end  of  the  up-motion  of  the  needles,  and  then  to  hold  until 
the  needles  have  again  risen.  The  lever  carries  a  spool  v  at  its  rear 
end ;  the  thread  from  which,  whether  single  or  compound,  passes 
through  a  guide  w  also  on  the  lever  end,  then  around  a  tension  wfing  x , 
to  regulate  the  tension  by  the  turning  thereof ;  and  from  this  the  thread 
passes  through  an  eye  or  guide  y  on  the  forward  end  of  the  lever  end, 
thence  through  an  eye  in  the  extreme  end  of  the  thread- carrier  z,  attached 
to  and  projecting  laterally  and  downward  from  the  side  of  the  lever  at 
its  forward  end.  The  position  of  this  carrier  is  such,  as  shown  in  the 
drawings,  as  to  lay  its  thread  on  the  surface  of  the  cloth  just  in  front  of 
the  needle-threads,  before  the  feed-motion  takes  place,  so  that  by  the 
feed-motion  the  said  thread  shall  be  carried  back  of  the  line  of  motion 
of  the  needles ;  and,  in  consequence,  when  the  needles  descend  they 


in. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


449 


passover  and  bind  this  upper  thread  on  to  the  cloth,  so  that  the  needle- 
threads  pass  over  it,  whilst  it  passes  around  first  outside  of  one  needle- 
thread,  and  then  around  outside  of  the  other.  In  this  way,  it  will  be 
seen,  that  if  considerable  tension  be  given  to  this  laying-thread,  it  will 
be  drawn  tight  from  one  row  of  stitches  to  the  other  alternately  in 
opposite  directions,  as  at  a 1  fig.  7,  thus  binding  together  the  two  rows 
of  stitches  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  cloth,  as  effectually  as  they  are 
bound  together  below  by  the  shuttle  or  its  equivalent.  But  if  a  slight 
tension  be  given  to  the  laying-thread,  as  the  extent  of  motion  of  the 
carrier  is  greater  than  the  distance  between  the  two  rows  of  stitches, 
the  thread  will  be  laid  so  as  to  occupy  a  much  greater  width  than  the 
distance  between  the  two  rows  of  stitches,  thus  leaving  a  series  of  loops, 
formed  by  this  laying-thread,  to  project  on  each  side  of  the  two  ranges 
of  stitches,  as  represented  by  fig.  8.  In  this  way,  by  varying  the  ten¬ 
sion  on  this  thread,  embroidery  can  be  laid  and  secured  to  the  surface  of 
the  cloth,  which,  by  turning  the  cloth,  can  be  made  to  assume  the  lines 
of  any  desired  design. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  employment  of  a  supporting-tongue,  substantially 
as  described,  placed  between  and  in  combination  with  the  two  needles,  to 
support  the  cloth,  or  other  substance,  and  prevent  its  being  puckered 
during  the  operation  of  sewing  and  drawing  the  two  rows  of  stitches 
tight,  substantially  as  described. 

2d.  The  employment  of  the  guide-plates,  substantially  as  described, 
to  guide  cloth  that  has  been  folded  in  making  flat,  lapped,  or  other 
analogous  seams,  as  described,  so  that  the  row  or  rows  of  stitches  shall 
be  made  at  a  regular  and  determined  distance  from  the  folded  edge,  as 
set  forth. 

3d.  In  combination  with  one  or  more  eye-pointed  needles  and  shut¬ 
tles,  or  the  equivalent  therefor,  for  sewing  one  or  more  seams,  the  em¬ 
ployment  of  a  vibrating  thread-carrier,  for  carrying  a  thread  or  threads 
alternately  in  opposite  directions  across  the  seam  or  seams,  and  laying 
it  on  the  face  of  the  cloth,  substantially  as  described,  so  that  it  shall  be 
secured  to  the  face  of  the  cloth  by  the  needle-thread  or  threads,  as 
described. 


No.  13,687. — Isaac  M.  Singer. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines. — 
Patented  October  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  92.) 

m  is  the  shuttle,  j  the  shuttle-race.  There  is  a  hole  in  the  table/, 
directly  under  and  in  a  line  with  the  needle,  to  which  is  fitted  the 
shield-plate  o,  made  hollow  for  the  needle  to  play  in  freely  as  it  moves 
up  and  down.  The  hole  in  which  the  shield  is  fitted  is  just  in  front  of 
and  close  to  the  shuttle-race ;  there  is  a  narrow  vertical  slit  t  in  the 
face  of  the  shuttle-race  corresponding  with  the  cut-out  portion  q  of  the 
shield-tube  when  in  the  position  represented  in  figures  1  and  2,  so  that 
the  needle-thread,  when  the  parts  are  in  that  position,  can  spread  out 
from  the  body  of  the  needle,  that  the  point  of  the  shuttle  may  enter 
between  the  needle  and  its  thread;  but  when  the  shield  is  turned  in 
the  position  in  figure  3,  then  the  slit  t  is  covered  by  the  shield  which 
is  thus  interposed  between  the  needle  and  the  shuttle  during  the  de- 
29 


450 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


scending  motion  of  the  needle,  so  that  its  point  cannot  strike  the  shuttle ; 
but  so  soon  as  the  needle  has  descended,  the  shield  is  turned  out  of  the 
way,  as  seen  in  figures  1  and  2.  The  tension  of  spring  v  keeps  the 
shield  over  slit  t ,  and  the  shield  is  properly  actuated  by  means  of  arm 
u  and  a  spring-catch  attached  to  and  moving  back  and  forth  with  the 
shuttle-carrier,  operated  in  the  usual  manner. 

Claim. — The  method,  substantially  as  described,  of  protecting  the 
needle  from  all  injury  by  the  interposition  of  a  movable  shield  between 
the  needle  and  shuttle,  which  is  removed  after  the  needle  has  descend¬ 
ed,  to  permit  the  shuttle  to  pass  between  the  needle  and  the  thread,  as 
set  forth. 


No.  13,727. — L.  W.  Langdon. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines. — - 

Patented  October  30,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  92.) 

When  the  needle  passes  through  the  cloth  as  it  begins  to  recede,  the 
thread  is  taken  by  the  looper  and  carried  across  the  path  of  the  shuttle 
to  the  left  side  of  the  needle,  thus  forming  a  loop,  where  it  is  held  until 
the  shuttle  passes  through  the  loop,  when  the  looper  recedes  to  its 
position.  As  it  recedes  the  motion  of  the  shuttle  is  accelerated  by  the 
looper  pressing  on  the  rear  end  of  the  shuttle,  and  quickly  sliding  it 
forward  in  its  bed,  thus  giving  to  the  shuttle  a  greater  velocity  in  pass¬ 
ing  the  eye  of  the  needle  than  at  any  other  portion  of  its  orbit ;  and  as 
the  shuttle,  passes  around,  the  thread  is  caught  on  the  snail-worm  A, 
where  it  is  held  until  the  knot  is  tied,  and  then  cast  of!  in  time  for 
the  stitch  to  be  drawn  up,  thus  making  a  half-knot  stitch  at  every 
revolution  of  the  shuttle.  By  changing  the  lever  o  to  the  right,  the 
needle-bar  is  made  to  vibrate  twice  in  the  same  line  before  feeding;  and 
as  the  needle  enters  twice  in  the  same  place,  and  the  shuttle  in  its 
revolutions  passes  through  two  successive  loops  without  feeding  the 
material  forward,  a  whole  knot  is  thus  formed  similar  to  one  made  by 
hand.  The  change  of  feed  for  tying  half  or  whole  knots  is  effected  by 
means  of  the  adjustable  lever  o  operating  on  the  slide-bar  P,  which 
moves  roller  R  and  changes  its  bearing  alternately  on  the  cams  T  T, 
thus  tying  a  half  or  whole  knot  as  desired.  By  moving  lever  o  to  the 
left  a  half  knot  is  made,  and  by  moving  it  to  the  right  a  whole  knot 
is  made.  The  length  of  the  stitch  is  effected  by  means  of  the  adjust¬ 
able  set- screw  R  at  the  end  of  the  connecting-rod  q.  The  step  Z,  (on 
rock-shaft  H,)  working  in  the  end  of  connecting-rod  q,  serves  to  give 
the  latter  a  vibrating  motion  to  cause  the  needle  to  feed,  w  represents 
the  half-knot,  x  the  whole-knot  stitch. 

The  inventor  says:  1st.  I  claim  making  a  stitch  by  tying  a  half  knot 
or  a  whole  knot,  at  the  will  of  the  operator,  in  the  manner  set  forth 
and  described. 

2d.  I  claim  the  snail- worm  on  the  revolving  vertical  face-plate  for  the 
purpose  of  holding  the  thread  until  the  knot  is  tied,  and  the  casting  it 
off  in  time  for  the  stitch  to  be  drawn  up. 

3d.  I  further  claim  the  vertical  face-plate  into  which  the  shuttle  is 
set  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  it  around,  and  the  reaction  of  the  looper 
K.  for  quickening  the  motion  of  the  shuttle  as  it  passes  the  needle,  for 
the  purpose  of  letting  the  looper  pass  out  freely. 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


451 


4th.  I  do  not  claim,  broadly,  feeding  the  cloth  by  the  motion  of  the 
needle;  but  I  do  claim  feeding  the  material  by  the  needle  when  combined 
and  arranged  with  the  lateral  motion  of  the  needle  in  the  manner  de¬ 
scribed — that  is  to  say,  in  connection  with  the  rock-shaft  H,  with  the 
sliding-step  in  the  end,  the  connecting-rod  q,  the  spring  S,  the  set- screw 
and  rollers  R  R,  the  cams  T  T,  the  sliding-bar  P,  and  the  adjustable 
lever  o,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,768. — Isaac  M.  Singer. — Improvement  in  Sewing  Machines . — 

Patented  November  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  92.) 

h  h  are  two  needles  placed  side  by  side  in  the  needle-carrier  a ,  and 
each  carrying  its  appropriate  thread  similar  to  single-thread  machines. 
The  shuttle  c  is  operated  in  the  usual  way,  so  that  when  the  two 
needles  perforate  the  cloth  and  carry  their  appropriate  threads  below 
the  cloth  and  there  form  two  loops,  the  shuttle,  instead  of  passing 
through  the  loop  of  only  one  needle-thread,  passes  in  succession  through 
the  loops  of  both  needle-threads;  and  therefore,  when  the  two  needles 
are  withdrawn,  two  stitches  are  formed,  each  with  a  needle-thread  and 
a  shuttle-thread,  whilst  at  the  same  time  the  two  stitches  are  connected 
by  the  shuttle-thread,  which  extends  from  the  one  stitch  to  the  other. 

Claim. — The  employment  of  two  eye-pointed  needles,  carrying  its 
appropriate  thread,  and  the  two  working  in  unison,  substantially  as 
specified,  in  combination  with  a  shuttle,  or  equivalent  there  lor,  to  effeci 
the  concatenation  of  the  two  sets  of  stitches,  substantially  as  specified 
and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,856. — George  W.  Stedman. — Improvement  in  Sewing-Machines. 
— Patented  November  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  93.) 

The  lever  is  moved  about  its  fulcrum  by  means  of  a  vibrating  rod  D. 
One  arm  of  said  lever  carries  the  sliding-plate  G,  which  is  beat  so  as 
to  extend  up  through  a  slot  m  in  the  cloth-plate  t,  and  is  spread  out 
upon  the  upper  side  of  said  cloth-plate,  sufficiently  to  cause  it  to  pass 
over  the  needle-slot  i  in  the  feeding-plate,  when  moved  forward.  This 
portion  h  of  the  feeding-plate  is  situated  immediately  under  and  in  con¬ 
tact  with  the  cloth.  The  motions  of  the  parts  are  so  proportioned  as 
to  cause  plate  h  to  push  against  the  thread  when  the  needle  is  out  of 
the  cloth,  and  thereby  move  the  cloth  along.  Fig.  1  represents  a 
bottorp  view  of  the  machine,  and  fig.  2  a  top  view  of  parts  of  it. 

Claim. — Feeding  the  cloth  or  other  material  along  by  means  of  the 
thread,  which  is  suitably  acted  upon  for  the  purpose  of  tightening  each 
stitch. 


No.  13,966. — Isaac  M.  Singer. — Improvement  m  Sewing-Machines. — 
Patented  December  18,  1855.  (Plates,' p.  93.) 

The  needle-carrier  is  pivoted  at  top,  and  is  pressed  towards  one  side 
by  springe;  it  is  alternately  moved  to  the  other  side  against  the  spring 
by  means  of  a  lever  f  which  is  pivoted  at  i  and  actuated  from  a  cam. 


452 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


The  cloth  to  be  sewed  having  been  placed  between  the  feed-wheel  m 
and  pressare-pad  n,  the  needle  punctures  the  cloth,  and  carries  its 
thread  to  the  under-side,  where  it  forms  a  loop  for  the  passage  of  the 
shuttle  with  its  thread,  and  the  needle  then  rises,  forming  the  stitch. 
The  feed-motion  then  takes  place  by  which  the  cloth  is  advanced,  and 
at  the  same  time  the  cam  acts  upon  lever  f  and  moves  the  needle-car¬ 
rier  and  needle  in  the  direction  of  the  feed-motion,  (until  the  carrier 
strikes  stop-pin  7c,)  but  to  a  greater  extent  than  the  distance  that  the 
cloth  has  been  moved  by  the  feed-wheel,  and  then  the  needje  descends 
for  the  next  stitch,  which  will  be  a  back-stitch.  The  stitch  having 
been  performed  and  the  needle  withdrawn,  the  cam  liberates  leVer  j, 
the  carrier  and  needle  vibrate  back,  the  cloth  is  again  fed  forward,  and 
the  needle  descends  again  to  make  the  third  stitch  like  the  one  fiist 
described,  and  so  forth. 

Claim. — The  mode  of  operation,  substantially  as  described,  for  form¬ 
ing  seams,  by  alternately  making  a  loop  forward,  and  then  a  short 
back-stitch  by  means  of  an  eye-pointed  needle,  which  merely  carries  a 
part  of  its  thread  through  the  cloth  or  other  substance,  that  it  may  be 
interlaced  or  concatenated,  as  set  forth,  whether  the  said  mode  ot  oper¬ 
ation  be  applied  by  the  means  specified  or  any  equivalent  therefor,  as 
set  forth. 


No.  12,532. — Frederick  S.  Stoddard. — Improvement  in  Machinery  for 

Spinning  Wool. — Patented  March  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  93.) 

The  regulating  of  the  counter- twist  and  the  preventing  of  too  great 
a  degree  of  twist  getting  back  to  the  large  part  of  the  roving  near  the  back 
drawing-rollers,  is  attained  by  the  fingers  h  giving  an  angular  direction 
to  the  roving  R  (see  fig.  1).  The  fingers  can  be  more  or  less  elevated 
by  means  of  set-screws  j. 

The  cam  Q  is  so  arranged  relatively  to  cam  K,  (which  operates  the 
ring-plate  I,)  that  as  the  ring-plate  rises  the  brushes  q  q  will  fall  back 
from  them,  and  as  the  plate  descends  the  brushes  advance  towards  the 
rings.  Thus,  the  travellers  will  (during  the  time  the  winding  is  per¬ 
formed  on  the  lower  and  largest  part  of  the  cone)  be  in  contact  with, 
and  receive  a  drag  from,  the  ends  of  the  brushes,  gradually  decreasing 
as  the  winding  approaches  the  higher  and  smaller  part  of  the  cone. 
e  Claim. — 1st.  Conducting  the  roving  from  the  back  D  D  to  the  front 
drawing-rollers  E  E,  by  employing  a  bridge  H  or  rest,  with  fingers  h  h 
upon  it,  situated  between  the  front  and  back  pairs  of  drawing-rollers, 
for  the  purpose  of  governing  the  counter-twist  so  as  to  adapt  a  smaller 
portion  of  it  to  the  part  of  the  thread  nearest  the  back  rollers. 

2d.  Impeding  the  ring-travellers  o  o  while  winding  upon  the  lower  or 
largest  parts  of  the  cones,  by  means  of  a  series  of  brushes  q  q,  or  their 
equivalents,  operating  substantially  as  set  forth,  so  as  to  gradually  set 
the  travellers  tree  as  the  winding  approaches  the  smaller  or  upper  ends 
of  the  cones,  thereby  producing  a  uniform  tension  on  the  thread  while 
winding. 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


453 


No.  12,582. — Augustus  E.  Bigelow. — Improvement  in  Spinning  Wool . 

— Patented  March  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  93.) 

a  a  are  the  ring-d offers  ;  b  c  the  rollers  ;  the  lower,  b  (a  metallic  one), 
mounted  like  the  stripper-roller  of  woollen  cards,  but  not  to  act  as  the 
stripper;  and  the  upper,  c,  formed  in  the  usual  manner  of  a  stripper, 
but  placed  above  and  resting  on  b  with  sufficient  weight  to  hold  the 
slivers  as  taken  from  the  doffer.  In  front  of  the  rollers  are  the 
flyers  d,  mounted  in  the  usual  manner  of  speeders.  As  the  slivers  are 
stripped  from  the  rings  of  the  doffers,  they  pass  through  the  bight  of  the' 
rollers,  and  thence  through  one  wing  of  the  flyers  to  the  spool.  The 
delivery  motion  of  the  rollers  should  correspond  with  the  winding-on 
motion  of  the  flyers  and  spools,  plus  the  amount  of  shortening  induced 
by  the  twist  put  in  the  roving.  In  this  way  the  slivers  stripped  from 
the  ring-doffers  are  delivered  to  the  flyers,  and  by  them  regularly 
twisted,  wdthout  drawing,  and  wound  on  to  the  spools  ;  and  the  bight  of 
the  rollers  will  prevent  the  twist  from  extending  to  and  around  the  doffer, 
and  will  also  prevent  the  drag  of  the  winding-on  from  drawing  the  sliver 
from  the  doffer. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  wish  to  limit  myself  to  the  use  of  flyers 
in  the  practical  application  of  my  said  invention,  as  any  ol  the  known 
equivalents  for  the  flyer,  or  any  improvement  thereof  which  might  be 
hereafter  made,  may  be  substituted  for  this  one  element  of  the  combina¬ 
tion. 

But  I  claim,  in  the  preparation  of  woollen  roving,  the  combination  of 
flyers,  or  the  equivalent  thereof,  and  their  appendages,  with  the  ring- 
doffer  or  doffers  of  a  carding  machine,  by  the  interposition  of  a  pair  or 
pairs  of  rollers,  substantially  as  specified,  to  deliver  the  slivers  from 
the  doffer  or  doffers,  that  they  may  be  regularly  twisted  and  wound  on 
without  drawing,  as  specified. 


No.  12,889. — Arad  Woodworth,  3d. — Improvement  in  Machinery  for 

Spinning . — Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  94.) 

Bv  using  two  flyers,  one  within  the  other,  and  revolving  them  in  the 
same  direction,  the  inner  one  say  with  one-half  the  speed  of  the  outer 
one,  there  will  be  produced  a  twist  and  a  halt  in  the  yarns;  and  it  the 
inner  flyer  be  revolved  at  a  higher  speed  than  the  outer  one,  a  portion 
of  the  twist  which  has  been  given  to  the  yarns  between  the  drawing- 
rollers  and  the  neck  of  the  outer  flyer  will  be  taken  out,  so  that,  by 
changing  the  gearing  of  theffiyers,  any  desired  twist  can  be  secured. 

By  running  the  two  flyers  in  opposite  directions  and  at  equal  speedy 
three  times  the  amount  of  twist  can  be  secured  at  the  same  rate  ol 
speeding  the  machinery  as  can  be  obtained  by  the  ordinary  spinning 
apparatus,  as  one  twist  is  given  by  the  revolution  of  the  outer  flyer 
between  the  first  set  of  drawing-rollers  and  the  neck  of  the  said  outer 
flyer,  and  two  twists  between  the  first  extra  set  of  drawing-rollers 
and  the  neck  of  the  inner  flyer.  By  increasing  the  proportional  speed 
of  the  inner  flyer,  the  twist  will  be  increased  in  the  same  ratio. 

The  arrangement  of  the  flyers  is  apparent  from  the  figure. 


454 


III. — FIBKOUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


\ 


Claim . — The  use  of  one  or  more  inner  flyers  arranged  in  a  sequence, 
one  within  the  other,  to  revolve  in  the  same  or  different  directions,  or 
at  the  same  or  different  speeds,  with  the  outer  flyer,  all  the  flyers  act¬ 
ing  continuously  upon  the  roving  yarns  or  material  first  received  by 
the  outer  flyer,  until  the  spinning  or  twist  is  completed,  and  the  yarn 
or  yarns  are  wound  upon  the  spool  or  bobbin,  thereby  twisting  and 
spinning  more  rapidly,  and  attaining  any  desired  degree  of  twist  in 
yarns,  as  hereinbefore  more  fully  described. 


No.  13,024. — Wm.  Darker,  Jr.,  assignor  to  J.  B.  Thompson. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Ring  Spinning -Frames. — Patented  June  5,  1855.  (Piates, 
p.  94.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claims 
and  engravings. 

I  claim ,  1st,  the  method,  substantially  as  described,  of  applying  the 
rings  to  enable  them  to  receive  rotary  motion — that  is  to  say,  attaching 
them  to  the  top  of  metal  sockets  E,  which  are  large  enough  to  receive 
the  bobbins,  and  are  secured  to  tubes  F,  which  revolve  easily  upon 
the  spindles. 

2d.  The  described  method  of  attaching  the  bobbin  to  the  spindle 
by  a  ball/,  which  diops  in  a  slot  at  the  top  of  the  spindle,  whereby  the 
bobbin  is  properly  secured,  and  the  tube  is  allowed  to  be  of  proper 
length  to  steady  the  ring  without  interfering  with  the  bobbin. 


No.  13,726. — Henry  L  other. — Improvement  in  Ring  and  Traveller  Spin¬ 
ning-Frames. — Patented  October  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  94.) 

D  is  the  drum  for  driving  the  spindles,  and  is  connected  with  the 
delivery  rollers  by  proper  gearing.  Around  a  pulley  fixed  upon  the 
shaft  of  one  of  the  delivering  rollers  an  endless  belt  extends,  and  also 
around  pulley  N  upon  a  short  shaft  O.  The  screw  P  works  the  wheel 
Q,  upon  whose  shaft  there  is  a  fixed  cam  S,  which  operates  rod  T  and 
its  arm  d,  and  rod  and  lever  e  and  V,  which  latter  rests  with  one  end  on 
shaft  W,  and  carries  a  pawl  X,  taking  into  ratchet  Y.  During  each 
revolution  of  S,  V  will  be  depressed  and  raised  so  as  to  give  motion  to 
ratchet  Y,  and  to  operate  the  belt-forks,  ofwhich/is  one,  so  as  to  move 
the  driving-belts  upon  their  cone- pulleys,  and  thus  to  increase  the  speed 
of  the  machine  as  may  be  required. 

Claim. — Combining  with  the  twisting  mechanism  and  the  delivering 
rollers  or  mechanism  of  a  ring  and  traveller  spring-frame  mechanism, 
a  mechanism  substantially  as  described,  which,  while  the  cop  or  bobbin 
increases  in  size,  shall  so  increase  the  rotary  movements  of  the  spindles 
and  the  delivering  rollers  as  to  maintain  uniformity  in  the  twist  and 
strain  of  the  y  arm,  as  specified. 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


455 


No.  12,467. — John  Haslam  &  James  Haslam. — Improvement  in  Cover¬ 
ing  Thread  with  Wool  or  Silk. — Patented  February  27,  18*55. 
(Plates,  p.  94.) 

The  object  of  this  invention  is  to  produce  a  fabric  of  fine  surface, 
the  interior  of  it  being  composed  of  a  less  costly  material. 

A  roving  is  passed  through  drawing-rollers  on  its  way  to  a  flyer, 
while  a  harder  thread  of  less  costly  material  is  passed  through  the 
same  rollers,  or  some  of  them,  in  such  manner  that  the  latter  is  guided 
so  as  to  pass  through  in  contact  with  the  centre  of  the  former,  or  nearly 
so,  and  is  by  the  pressure  of  the  rollers  bedded  into  it.  The  combined 
threads  then  pass  to  a  flyer,  which  twists  the  mass  and  completely 
covers  the  one  material  with  the  other. 

Claim. — The  method  of  bedding  one  thread  into  a  roving  or  loosely 
twisted  thread  of  another  material,  as  also  the  covering  of  one  thread 
by  a  roving  or  loosely  twisted  thread  of  a  different  material,  substan¬ 
tially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  12,885.— -John  M.  Heck,  assignor  to  Henry  Terry. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Dressing  S owing- T bread. — Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  94.) 

The  inventor  uses  the  following  compositions  for  sizing: 

For  white  thread:  Saponaria  or  soap-root,  2  ounces;  salep  root,  2 
ounces;  soap  of  Marseilles,  J  pound;  loaf  sugar,  £  pound;  water,  10 
pounds;  gum  arabic,  l£  ounces;  white  starch,  1-J  ounces. 

For  black  thread:  Saponaria,  £  pound;  salep  root,  J  pound;  water, 
10  pounds;  flax-seed,  J  pound;  brown  sugar,  £  pound;  glue,  2  ounces; 
gum  arabic,  2  ounces;  brown  soap,  2  ounces. 

For  fancy  colors:  Saponaria,  £  pound;  salep  root,  J  pound;  water, 
10  pounds;  flax-seed,  k  pound;  brown  sugar,  \  pound;  glue,  2  ounces; 
gum  arabic,  2  ounces. 

The  inventor  says:  It  is  not  the  composition  itself,  used  for  the  size, 
nor  any  particular  arrangement  of  machinery  for  applying  it,  that  con¬ 
stitutes  the  claim;  but  I  do  claim  the  using  (or,  in  offer  words,  subject¬ 
ing  the  thread  to  the  use,  action,  and  friction)  of  a  series  of  rapidly  re¬ 
volving  brushes  to  polish,  soften,  and  dry  the  thread  after  having  been 
sufficiently  saturated  with  a  size  or  liquid,  substantially  such  as  de¬ 
scribed,  whereby  smoothness,  lustre,  pliability,  and  strength  are  impacted 
to  the  thread. 


No.  13,267. — Harold  Kelsea. — Improvement  in  Trebling  a  Single-strand 
and  Twisting  Sewing-thread. — Patented  July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  94.) 

The  strand  S,  on  being  applied  to  the  mechanism,  is  first  to  be 
drawn  in  a  direction  towards  the  flyer  G,  and  between  the  drum-rollers 
B  and  C.  Next,  it  is  to  be  doubled  or  carried  backward  between  the 
drum-rollers  and  towards  the  rearmost  of  the  hitching  heads  N  O,  and 
passed  halfway  around  the  same,  and  carried  again  towards  the  flyer 
(see  fig.  3).  This  trebles  the  thread.  Next,  the  strand  so  trebled  is 


456 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


carried  through  the  flyer,  and  attached  to  the  bobbin.  Next,  the  work¬ 
man  seizes  that  part  of  the  strand  which  extends  from  the  bobbin  and 
spool  R  towards  the  flyer,  and  draws  it  in  the  form  of  a  loop,  and 
passes  it  underneath  and  between  the  portions  of  the  strand  that  are 
held  by  the  rearmost  hitching-head  _of  the  endless  band  M.  He  next 
draws  the  loop  against  the  said  hitching-head,  and  backward  towards 
the  knob  P,  and  hitches  it  over  said  knob  (see  fig.  4).  Next,  the  flyer 
is  put  in  motion,  so  as  to  cause  it  to  be  twisted  and  wound  upon  the 
bobbin ;  the  draught  on  hitching-head  O  will  move  it  along,  together  with 
the  band  M.  In  passing  down  the  drum  K,  the  knob  O  will  slip  out 
of  the  loopings  of  the  strand,  (leaving  them  enchained  or  connected  to¬ 
gether  like  two  links  of  a  chain,)  and  the  other  hitching-head  N  will 
come  up  around  drum  L.  The  workman  seizes  the  loop  upon  P,  re¬ 
moves  it  from  P  and  loops  it  over  N,  and  seizes  that  part  of  the  strand 
coming  directly  from  the  bobbin,  and  loops  it,  as  above  described. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  combination  of  doubling, 
twisting,  and  reeling  mechanism,  whereby  a  strand  may  be  doubled, 
twisted,  and  reeled,  so  as  to  be  made  into  a  skein. 

But  I  claim  the  combination  of  the  endless  band  M,  its  hitching 
heads  or  knobs  N  O,  and  the  stationary  frame  hitching- knob,  as  applied 
together  to  the  drum-rollers  and  twisting  mechanism,  and  made  to 
operate  so  as  to  treble  and  enchain  a  strand,  substantially  as  specified. 


No.  13,562. — Anson  A.  Swift,  assignor  to  Himself  and  Samuel  L 

Hill. — Improvement  in  Machinery  for  Trebling  a  Single  Thread. — 

Patented  September  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  95.) 

The  thread  S  is  drawn  from  bobbin  A,  and  passed  through  the  eye 
of  guide  H.  Next,  it  is  carried  backward  through  such  eye,  and 
looped  around  the  hitching-head  C,  and  tfom  thence  is  again  carried 
forward  through  the  eye,  the  front  parts  or  ends  of  the  trebled  portions 
extending  tnrough  the  eye  being  attached  to  the  periphery  of  the  reel  or 
winding-roller  K.  Next,  the  loop  is  removed  from  head  C  ;  and  after 
again  looping  or  doubling  the  strand  near  such  loop,  the  second  loop  is 
passed  through  the  first,  so  as  to  enchain  the  two.  Next,  the  first  loop 
is  carried  to  and  looped  on  the  hitching-head  B,  and  the  new  loop  is 
carried  back  and  hitched  upon  the  head  C,  with  the  strand  extending 
partially  around  the  head  B  (see  fig.  3).  All  this  time  the  carriage  C 
has  been  close  or  nearly  up  to  frame  E.  The  carriage  is  next  moved 
away  from  frame  E  as  far  as  required.  This  will  draw  the  thread 
from  the  bobbin  A,  and  treble  it  between  G  and  E.  Next,  either  the 
loops  on  hitching-head  B  should  be  removed  from  it,  or  such  head 
should  be  moved  downward,  so  as  to  discharge  them  from  itself. 
Next,  the  carriage  should  be  moved  towards  the  frame,  and  during 
such  movement  the  reel  Iv  rotated  so  as  to  take  up  the  enchained  and 
trebled  portions  of  the  thread. 

Ido  not  claim  the  principle  of  trebling  a  thread  or  strand  of  silk  by 
enchaining  loops  formed  therein  ;  nor  do  I  claim  the  combination  of  a 
stationary  knob,  an  endless  band,  and  two  hitching-heads  or  knobs  (the 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


457 


same  being  movable)  fixed  to  said  band  at  equal  distances  apart,  such 
being  the  subject  of  the  patent  of  Kelsea ;  but  as  I  employ  but  two 
hitching-heads  only,  and  apply  one  of  them  and  the  strand  bobbin  in  a 
frame,  to  have  a  reciprocating  motion,  as  described,  while  the  other 
and  the  reeling  mechanism  I  arrange  in  a  stationary  frame,  I  claim  such 
an  improved  arrangement  and  combination  of  the  hitching-heads, 
movable  and  stationary  frames,  whereby  I  am  not  only  enabled  to  dis¬ 
pense  with  an  endless  band  and  one  hitching-head,  but  employ  a 
reciprocating  frame,  and  thereby  afford  an  attendant  on  the  machine 
the  advantage  of  being  near  the  reeling  mechanism,  as  explained. 


No.  13,795. — Joseph  Morse. — Improvement  in  giving  Tension  to  the  End¬ 
less  Band  of  Throstle-frames . — Patented  November  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 

95.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  driving  all  the  spindles  or  thros¬ 
tles  of  a  spinning-frame  by  means  of  a  single  endless  band,  as  I  am 
aware  that  an  endless  band  has  been  used  for  that  purpose,  but  with¬ 
out  success,  owing  to  the  want  of  proper  means  for  compensating, 
for  stretching,  and  shrinkage,  which  rendered  it  more  objectionable  than 
the  employment  of  a  separate  band  for  each  spindle  ;  neither  do  T  claim,  of 
itself,  the  keeping  of  a  band  of  a  machine  tight  by  a  weight,  as  I  am  aware 
that  a  weight  has  been  employed  for  that  purpose  in  some  machines. 
But  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  endless  band  h  b  b,  to  run  to  and 
fro  between  every  one  of  the  spindles  and  the  drum  D,  and  around  a 
pulley  d  carried  by  a  slide  e,  which  is  movable  on  suitable  guides,  and 
has  a  weight  attached  to  it  by  a  cord  h ,  so  arranged  as  to  draw  the  said 
slide  in  the  proper  direction  to  produce  tension  on  the  band,  substantially 
as  described. 


No.  13,350. — Jno.  A.  Elder  and  Ephraim  Wood. — Improvement  in 

Machinery  for  Sizmg  and  Dressing  Warps- — Patented  July  31,  1S55. 

(Plates,  p.  95.) 

When  the  yarn  14  to  be  dressed  has  the  right  strain  on  it,  the  hook 
E  is  kept  out  of  the  teeth  of  the  ratchet-rod  by  the  tension  of  the  yarn  ; 
thus  leaving  weight  15  unmoved  as  the  catch  makes  its  movement  with 
the  rod  R,  which  latter  is  confined  to  a  horizontal  sliding-motion  with¬ 
in  guides  28,  fastened  to  the  frame  of  the  machine ;  rack  P  is  also  held 
in  guides  s ,  projecting  from  the  frame  of  the  machine.  When  the  yarn 
is  too  taut,  it  will  raise  the  roll  u  and  its  frame  7,  and  rod  G  and  hook  E  ; 
and  when  the  yarn  is  too  slack,  the  roll  u  will  sink  and  lower  the  hook 
E.  The  hook  E,  taking  into  one  of  the  racks  on  bar  P,  will  move  the 
said  bar  P  in  or  out,  and  move  weight  15  on  lever-arm  16  (which 
latter  is  pivoted  in  21  to  the  frame  of  the  machine)  in  or  out,  and 
thereby  press  the  friction-roller  10  (which  turns  loosely  on  the  axis 
of  size-roll  6)  more  or  less  against  the  end  of  the  size-roll  C.  Lever 
18  is  pivoted  in  30,  to  the  frame  of  the  machine. 


458 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


The  inventors  say:  We  are  aware  that  other  modes  of  construc¬ 
tion,  and  other  forms  and  positions  of  the  several  parts,  might  be  adopted 
to  produce  the  same  results  from  the  same  acting  principles ;  for  instance, 
springs  may  be  used  instead  of  weights,  and  screens  may  be.  used 
instead  of  ratchets  and  catches  for  increasing  the  power  on  friction- 
straps.  We  do  not  claim  these  devices  as  such,  or  any  of  them. 

We  claim  the  regulation  of  the  speed  of  the  yarn-beam  and  rollers  of  the 
dressing- frame  by  the  tension  of  the  warps,  in  the  manner  substantially 
as  described,  namely  :  by  the  combination  of  the  vibrating-roller  U  with 
the  rollers  L  and  I,  rod  G,  and  the  hook  E,  or  the  equivalents  thereof; 
and  these  in  combination  with  the  ratchet  P,  levers  16  and  18,  friction- 
pulley  10,  and  weight  15,  or  their  equivalents,  when  arranged  in  the 
manner  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,175. — Joseph  S.  Winsor. — Improvement  in  Machines  j or  making 

Weavers ’  Harness. — Patented  January  2,  1855. 

A  description  of  this  machine,  or  a  representation  of  it  by  engravings, 
would  be  too  extensive  to  be  given  in  this  Report. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  limit  myself  to  the  special  construction 
or  arrangement  of  parts  as  described,  but  I  claim  all  merely  formal 
variations,  performing  the  same  mode  of  operation  by  equivalent  means. 

What  Ido  claim  is  the  mode  of  operation,  substantially  as  specified, 
by  means  of  which  each  twine  is  formed  in  a  loop,  and  the  spool.,  or  its 
equivalent,  carrying  such  twine,  carried  through  such  loop  to  form  a 
knot,  and  then  the  spool,  or  its  equivalent,  which  carries  the  other  twine, 
passed  through  such  loop  that  the  twine  thus  carried  through  may  be 
griped  therein  when  the  knot  is  drawn  tight,  thus  forming  the  eye  of 
two  twines  with  a  knot  in  each  griping  the  other  twine,  as  herein  set 
forth. 

Also,  the  mode  of  operation,  substantially  as  herein  described,  for  de¬ 
termining  the  size  of  the  eyes  by  closing  the  knots  on  the  two  fingers, 
or  their  equivalents,  whereby  the  knots  are  closed  at  the  proper  place 
on  each  twine,  the  tw  o  sides  of  each  eye  made  of  equal  length,  and  any 
desired  number  of  eyes  of  the  same  size,  as  set  forth. 

Also,  in  combination  with  the  fingers,  or  their  equivalents,  on  which 
the  knots  are  closed,  the  discharger,  or  any  equivalent  therefor,  by 
means  of  which  the  knots  are  discharged  from  the  said  fingers  as  they 
are  drawn  tight,  as  set  forth. 

Also,  in  combination  with  the  mechanism  for  forming  the  knots,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  herein  described,  the  employment  of  pincers,  substantially 
as  described,  or  any  equivalent  therefor,  for  holding  the  twines  tight 
after  the  knots  at  each  end  of  the  eye  have  been  closed,  and  during  the 
operation  of  drawing  the  twines  tight  around  the  bands,  as  set  forth. 

Also,  the  mode  of  operation,  substantially  as  described,  oy  means  of 
which  the  twines  are  wrapped  around  the  bands  in  succession,  and 
formed  each  into  a  loop,  through  which  the  spool-,  or  its  equivalent,  for 
carrying  the  twine,  is  passed  to  effect  the  tie,  substantially  as  described. 

Also,  the  mode  of  operation,  substantially  as  described,  for  forming 


III. — FIBROUS  AND  TEXTILE. 


459 


what  is  termed  the  leese  of  the  harness,  by  reversing  the  motions  of  the 
spools,  or  their  equivalents,  for  carrying  the  twines,  thus  carrying  the 
twines  alternately  on  opposite  sides  of  one  band,  as  set  forth. 

Also,  the  method,  substantially  as  herein  described,  of  mounting  the 
heddles  as  they  are  formed  on  the  slats  or  rods,  by  suspending  the  said 
slats  or  rods  above  the  machine  and  attaching  the  bands,  to  which  the 
heddles  are  tied  in  the  process  of  formation,  to  a  sliding-bar,  or  its 
equivalent,  which  is  elevated  as  the  heddles  are  formed,  as  set  forth. 

Finally,  the  method  of  marking  every  nineteenth  (or  any  other  num¬ 
ber)  of  heddles,  by  means  of  the  marker  receiving  motion  in  the  manner 
substantially  as  specified,  or  by  equivalent  means. 


No.  13,290. — Albert  Reinhardt,  assignor  to  Nas.  Sci-ilumberger 
&  Co. — Improvement  in  Machinery  for  preparing  Wool  for  Combing . — 
Patented  July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  95.) 

The  material  is  spread  on  the  endless  feeding-apron  A,  and  passes 
through  iwo  guide-rollers  B  and  two  pairs  of  feed-rollers  C  C1,  on  to 
the  working-drum  D,  and  is  finally  received  between  the  drawing-off 
rollers  F  F.  The  feeding  apparatus  receives  its  motion  from  the  drum- 
shaft  by  means  of  intermediate  wheels,  which,  however,  can  be  thrown 
out  of  gear  by  throwing  the  frame  M,  which  supports  the  feeding  ap¬ 
paratus,  into  the  position  represented  in  dotted  lines  in  the  engraving. 
This  motion  will  throw  the  drawing- off  rollers,  which  have  their  bear¬ 
ings  in  the  same  frame  M,  into  operation  with  the  surface  of  the  drum- 
roller.  The  drawing-off  rollers  receive,  at  proper  times,  regular  revolv¬ 
ing  motion  by  means  of  band  G. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  feeding,  working,  and  drawing-off 
apparatus,  constructed  and  arranged  in  the  manner  set  forth — the  feed¬ 
ing  and  drawing- off’  apparatus  being  so  combined  as  to  be  alternately 
brought  into  action  with  the  working-drum,  and  brought  to  a  state  of 
rest  when  not  in  working  contact  with  the  drum,  as  specified. 


No.  13,870. — Peter  Fairbairn  and  John  Hargrave. — Improvement 
in  Wool-combing  Machines. — Patented  December  4, 1855.  Patented 
in  England,  November  6,  1852.  (Plates,  p.  95.) 

The  foremost  of  the  gill- cylinders  takes  up  the  staple  from  a  pair  of 
feed-rollers  e  e,  and  presents  it  to  the  second  gill-cylinder,  which  by 
rotating  at  an  increased  speed  takes  up  the  staple  and  delivers  it  to  a 
pair  of  stripping-rollers  fc,  from  which  the  staple  may  be  conducted 
through  a  trumpet  mouth  and  delivered  thence  in  the  form  of  a  sliver. 
The  ends  of  the  gill-bars  h  slide  in  an  eccentric  groove,  which  are  cut 
in  disks  attached  to  the  framing  of  the  machine  at  both  ends  of  the  gill- 
cylinders.  Thus  the  gill-bars  will  be  driven  out  so  as  to  take  up  the 
staple  from  the  rollers  e  e. 

The  inventors  say:  We  do  not  confine  ourselves  to  the  precise 
arrangement  of  machinery  as  described; 


460 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


But  we  claim ,  in  machinery  for  opening,  combing,  and  drawing  wool, 
flax,  and  other  fibrous  materials,  combining  in  one  and  the  same  ma¬ 
chine  two  or  more  rotary  gill- cylinders,  fitted  with  advancing  and 
receding  gills,  and  rotating  at  different  speeds,  for  the  purposes  set 
forth. 


IV.— CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


No.  12,988. — Leander  R.  Streeter,  assignor  to  Himself  and  Ira 
Leonard. — Improvement  in  Amalgamating  the  Precious  Metals . — 
Patented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  96.) 

The  cylinder  A  is  to  be  filled  with  ore,  and  then  the  cap  C  to  be 
secured  ;  then  the  air  is  exhausted  by  means  of  pump  D,  leaving  the 
stop-cocks  H  T  open  until  the  air  is  exhausted  from  the  mercury-tube 
F,  and  the  tube  is  filled  with  mercury  ;  then  I  is  closed,  and,  with  H 
open,  the  air  is  exhausted  from  the  cylinder.  Then  H  is  closed,  and  I 
opened;  and  with  pump  E  the  cylinder  is  filled  with  mercury  to  the 
required  degree  of  pressure.  This  process,  as  the  inventor  states, 
amalgamates  the  mercury  perfectly,  leaving  no  particle  of  the  metal 
unamalgamated. 

Claim . — Forcing  mercury  at  any  required  degree  of  pressure  into 
ores  to  be  amalgamated  when  the  ores  are  enclosed  in  a  mercury- 
tight  cylinder  or  receiver,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purpose  set 
forth. 


No.  12,160. — Adolph  Hammer. — Improvement  in  Fermenting- Tuns  for 

Beer. — Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  96.) 

The  wort  and  yeast  (with  the  proper  degree  of  temperature)  are  run 
into  the  tun,  until  the  liquor  reaches  the  upper  side  of  the  cover, 
which  rests  upon  cleats  a ,  thus  closing  up  the  continuous  space  be¬ 
tween  its  edge  and  the  inner  side  of  the  tun.  The  upper  end  of  the 
conduit-pipe  C  being  now  flush  with  the  upper  side  of  the  cover,  and 
having  been  previously  stopped  with  a  plug,  the  fermentation  of  the 
wort  in  due  time  proceeds.  During  the  process  the  yeasty  froth 
works  up,  and  with  the  generated  carbonic  acid  gas  fills  the  space 
above  the  surface  of  the  cover — thus  expelling  all  the  atmospheric  air 
and  the  carbonic  acid  gas  and  yeast  constantly,  by  forcing  their  way 
between  the  edge  of  the  cover  and  the  sides  of  the  tun,  and  accumu¬ 
lating  over  the  cover  and  within  the  space  above  the  same,  wrhich 
space  being  amply  sufficient  to  contain  all  the  yeast  and  a  large  portion 
of  the  carbonic  acid  gas,  there  is  thus  necessarily  formed  a  perfect 
medium  of  protection  to  the  wort  from  the  chemical  action  of  the  at¬ 
mosphere  :  the  carbonic  acid  gas,  being  of  greater  specific  weight, 
necessarily  has  a  tendency  to  fall  rather  than  to  rise,  and  hence  the 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


461 


space  above  the  cover  will  be  entirely  filled  before  any  of  the  gas  can 
leave  the  tun.  After  the  fermentation  has  ceased,  the  plug  in  the  upper 
end  of  the  conduit-pipe  C  is  withdrawn;  and  the  yeast  and  remaining 
carbonic  acid  gas  above  the  cover  pass  down  through  the  pipe  into 
a  waste-trough,  and  the  liquor  being  now  fined,  is  conveniently  run 
into  the  vat  or  barrels. 

The  cover  B  being  somewhat  smaller  than  the  interior  of  the  tun, 
when  it  rests  upon  the  cleats  there  is  left  a  continuous  circular 
open  space.  The  conduit-pipe  C  is  fixed  water-tight  into  the  bottom 
of  the  tun,  and  its  upper  end  fits  accurately  into  the  centre  of  the 
cover  B. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  simply  a  large  vessel  or  tun  for 
fermenting  malt  liquors,  as  vessels  of  various  forms  and  sizes  have 
been  used  heretofore  for  other  purposes ; 

But  what  I  claim  as  my  invention,  and  desire  to  secure  by  letters 
patent,  is  the  application  and  use  of  the  adjustable  cover  B  and  the 
conduit-pipe  C,  constructed  and  arranged  substantially  as  described 
and  illustrated,  in  combination  with  the  tun  A,  or  any  other  suitable 
vessel,  substantially  and  for  the  purpose  as  described. 


No.  12,535. — Chas.  Cunningham,  assignor  to  Jno.  C.  Pedrick. — 

Improvement  in  Benzole  Vapor  Apparatus . — Patented  March  13,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  96.) 

The  disseminator  consists  of  perforated  disks  o,  arranged  on  revolv¬ 
ing  shaft  n.  Sponges  p  are  attached  to  the  peripheries  of  the  disks,  to 
take  up  and  hold  in  suspension  a  portion  of  the  contents  of  the  reser¬ 
voir  h  through  which  they  revolve,  so  that  the  current  of  air  driven  into 
the  reservoir,  and  coming  in  contact  with  the  innumerable  fluid  sur¬ 
faces  thus  exposed,  shall  generate  to  the  best  advantage  the  illumi¬ 
nating  gas  which  passes  out  to  the  burner  through  pipe  t.  ci  is  a  com¬ 
mon  meter,  the  wheel  of  which  is  propelled  by  a  cord  g ,  a  weight,  and 
proper  gearing.  The  air  enters  through  an  opening  A  on  one  side  of 
the  meter,  and  passes  out  at  the  other  through  pipe  i  into  reservoir  k. 
Reservoir  k  is  surrounded  by  a  case  u  containing  water  for  the  purpose 
of  sustaining  the  temperature  of  the  contents  of  the  reservoir.  When 
the  apparatus  is  exposed  to  unusual  cold,  this  water  may  be  warmed, 
either  by  using  the  swinging-burner  v  or  a  piece  ol  heated  freestone,  to 
be  secured  to  the  under-side  of  the  heater  or  projection  w. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  combination  of  the  heater  w  and  the  swinging  gas- 
burner  v,  or  of  the  induction  air-pipe  A  and  any  one  of  the  burners  of 
the  apparatus,  with  the  water-vessel  u,  the  reservoir  k ,  or  the  meter  a , 
substantially  as  herein  described,  for  the  purpose  of  keeping  the  con¬ 
tents  of  the  vessel  containing  the  benzole  or  light-producing  liquid  at 

a  given  temperature.  . 

2d.  The  combination  of  the  reservoir  k,  and  the  rotary  disseminator 

n  o,  with  an  ordinary  rotary  meter-wheel,  substantially  as  described, 
for  forcing  air  through  the  hollow  shaft,  or  its  equivalent,  into  the  reser¬ 
voir  k ,  for  the  purpose  of  vaporizing  the  benzole  of  the  latter  vessel. 


462 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


3d.  The  particular  mode  of  making  the  rotary  disseminator  n  o ,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described,  and  for  the  purposes  specified,  not  meaning  to 
claim  the  use  of  the  hollow  shaft  for  evaporating  saccharine  fluids. 

4th.  The  application  and  use  of  the  meter  wheel  with  its  case  and 
contents  as  an  air-blast  apparatus,  operated  by  weights  or  otherwise, 
not  meaning  to  claim  the  method  of  using  the  meter  for  measuring  gas. 


No.  12,709. — Charles  T.  Appleton. —  Improvement  in  Bleaching  Ap¬ 
paratus. — Patented  April  17,  1855.  Patented  in  England,  August 

30,  1853.  (Plates,  p.  96.) 

The  goods  being  placed  in  vat  B,  cold  water  is  admitted  sufficient 
to  cover  the  goods ;  then,  the  air  having  been  exhausted  from  vessel 
F,  cock  n  is  opened  and  the  air  is  exhausted  from  vat  B,  which  causes 
the  globules  of  air  within  the  pores  of  the  goods  to  expand  and  escape. 
The  air  is  then  admitted,  and  the  liquid  is  forced  by  the  atmospheric 
pressure  into  the  pores.  The  water  is  then  heated,  and  the  goods  are 
allowed  to  steep.  Then  the  air  is  exhausted  from  F  and  B,  and  cock 
m  being  closed  to  prevent  admission  of  liquid  to  the  air-pump,  cock  e 
is  opened,  and  the  water  permitted  to  flow  through  the  goods  in  F  and 
B  ;  and  then,  by  opening  cocks  a  and  e ,  the  water  is  permitted  to  flow 
off*.  This  is  repeated  till  the  goods  are  thoroughly  washed.  Alkali  is 
then  introduced,  and  the  receiver  again  exhausted  to  bring  the  liquid 
in  immediate  contact  with  the  fibres.  The  goods  are  then  boiled,  the 
alkali  run  off,  and  water  introduced  to  wash  the  goods  again.  Chlo¬ 
rine  solution  is  then  admitted,  and  the  air  again  exhausted.  Then  the 
chlorine  is  drawn  off,  and  the  sour  run  in.  The  goods  are  lastly  washed 
as  before,  all  being  done  without  removing  the  goods  from  the  vat. 

Claim . — The  combination  of  an  air-tight  vat,  for  receiving  and  con¬ 
taining  the  goods,  an  apparatus  for  exhausting  the  air  therefrom,  and 
the  necessary  vessels  containing  the  liquids  used  in  the  process  of 
bleaching ;  whereby  the  various  steps  may  be  performed  in  a  much 
shorter  space  of  time  than  has  heretofore  been  required,  and  without 
removing  the  goods  from  the  vat,  substantially  as  herein  set  forth. 


No.  13,008. — Harrison  Loring. — Improvement  in  the  Apparatus  for 

Bleaching  Rags. — Patented  June  5,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  96.) 

By  admitting  steam  to  all  parts  of  the  bleach  the  rags  are  prevented 
from  being  forced  into  one  end  of  the  bWch,  and  thus  the  bleaching- 
liquor  is  allowed  to  perform  its  functions  more  thoroughly. 

The  inventor  says :  I  claim  the  manner  of  introducing  steam  to  all  parts 
of  the  revolving  bleach  at  the  same  moment,  by  means  of  a  perforated 
pipe  attached  to  the  interior  of  the  bleach,  the  adjacent  ends  of  which 
are  connected  by  a  socket-joint  to  a  stationary  induction  pipe,  arranged 
as  set  forth,  so  as  to  allow  of  the  expansion,  contraction,  and  movement 
of  the  bleach  without  derangement,  for  the  purpose  and  in  the  manner 
substantially  as  described. 


IT. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


463 


# 

I  do  not  claim  the  revolving  bleach,  or  bleaching  by  steam  at  a  high 
temperature,  as  I  am  aware  that  it  has  been  known  and  patented  be¬ 
fore. 


No.  13,928. — William  M.  Welling.  —  Improvement  in  Devices  for 

Bleaching  Ivory. — Patented  December  11,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  96.) 

The  ivory  plates  c  are  inserted  edgewise  between  the  pins  2  2  and 
the  pyramidal  glass  case  o  shut  over  them ;  the  glass  case  is  then  exposed 
to  the  action  of  the  sun’s  rays,  and  is  to  be  placed  in  nearly  the  north  and 
south  line,  so  that  in  the  morning  the  sun  will  shine  on  one  side  of  the 
ivory  plates,  while  the  other  receives  the  reflected  light  and  heat  from 
the  pyramidal  glass  case  and  the  next  plate  of  ivory ;  and  in  the  after¬ 
noon  the  opposite  action  takes  place. 

Claim. — The  method  described  and  shown  of  bleaching  ivory  plates 
by  so  placing  and  sustaining  them  on  their  edges,  in  a  suitable  case, 
that  the  sun’s  rays  shall  act  with  uniform  power,  and  bleach  said  plates 
equally  on  both  sides,  in  the  manner  and  as  specified,  thereby  dispens¬ 
ing  wdth  the  usual  method  of  turning  the  plate  over  to  expose  alter¬ 
nately  the  flat  side  to  the  action  of  the  light,  and  preventing  warping 
or  damage  to  the  ivory,  and  accomplishing  said  bleaching  operation  in 
far  less  time  and  more  perfectly. 


No.  13,633. — Thomas  Bell  and  Henry  Scholefield. — Improvement 
in  the  Manufacture  of  Borax  from  native  Borate  of  Lime—  Patented 
October  9,  1855.  Patented  in  England,  July  5,  1854. 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  is  clearly  set  forth  in  the  claim. 

The  inventors  say:  We  do  not  claim  making  borax  by  combining 
the  boracic  acid  of  commerce  with  a  solution  ot  carbonate  of  soda,  and 
boiling  and  evaporating  the  same ;  but  we  claim  our  mode  ol  manu¬ 
facturing  borate  of  soda  from  borate  of  lime,  the  same  consisting  in 
boiling  the  borate  of  lime  in  water  and  an  acid,  separating  the  lime  and 
other  foreign  matters,  adding  a  saturated  soluiion  of  soda  to  the  liquid, 
boiling  the  compound,  separating  the  impurities  or  foreign  matters 
therefrom,  and  subsequently  evaporating  the  clear  liquor  and  crys¬ 
tallizing  out  the  borax  therefrom,  as  specified. 


No.  12,193. — Lewis  C.  Ashlev. — Improvement  in  Candle-mould  Ma¬ 
chines. — Patented  January  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  96.) 

The  apparatus  for  centring,  cutting,  and  holding  the  ends  of  the 
wicks,  so  as  to  draw  the  candles  from  the  moulds  B  B,  consists  of  a 
plate  H,  which,  by  means  of  a  thumb-screw  I,  can  be  made  to  slide 
between  the  plates  F,  which  are  held  in  place  by  a  recess  in  the  fiame 
A,  into  which  recess  they  fit.  Both  the  plates  1  and  H  have  notches 
c  c,  and  e  ;  the  notches  being  the  same  distance  apart  that  the  centres 
of  the  candle-moulds  are  apart  from  each  other.  One  of  the  edges  of 


464 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


each  of  the  upper  grooves  c  is  finished  as  a  knife-edge  to  cut  the  wick ; 
the  wick  being  passed  through  the  notches,  and  the  thumb-screw 
being  properly  turned,  the  wicks  will  be  centred,  cut,  and  held  by 
means  of  the  notched  plates.  The  wick  passes  underneath  the  moulds 
through  holes  in  a  similar  pair  of  stationary  plates  g  g  and  a  sliding- 
plate  /.  By  means  of  slightly  drawing  back  the  plate  f,  and  confining 

it  by  a  pin  k,  the  wick  will  be  tightened. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  apparatus  F  for  centring,  cutting,  and  holding  the 
ends  of  the  candle-wick ;  said  apparatus  being  constructed  of  stationary 
and  adjustable  plates  G  and  FI,  with  centring  and  cutting  notches  on 
the  stationary  plate,  and  holding  or  tightening  notches  on  the  adjust¬ 
able  plate,  constructed  and  operating  substantially  in  the  manner  and 
for  the  purpose  as  herein  specified  and  shown. 

2d.  The  wick  tightener  J,  for  tightening  the  wicks,  being  constructed 
and  arranged  substantially  in  the  manner  as  herein  shown  and  de¬ 
scribed. 


No.  12,492. — Jno.  Stainthorp. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  making 

Candles . — Patented  March  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  97.) 

The  pistons  D  are  secured  to  the  slide  B ;  C  are  the  moulds,  which 
are  fitted  at  their  tips  for  the  pistons  or  centre  moulds,  and  secured 
firmly  in  stand  A.  The  pistons  are  provided  with  tip-moulds  E,  and 
are  hollow  for  the  wick  to  pass  through. 

Treadle  and  cord  J  serve  to  raise  the  slide  B,  and  with  it  the  pistons, 
thereby  elevating  the  candles  into  the  holes  Q  in  the  racks  M.  When 
the  candles  are  ready  for  elevating,  the  tip-bars  P  are  thrown  out  (see 
dotted  lines  Y)  ;  when  the  candles  S  are  elevated,  and  before  the  pis¬ 
tons  are  lowerejjl,  the  racks  are  inclined  to  the  right  and  left  sufficient 
to  allow  the  tip-bars  to  swing  under,  (see  fig.  1,)  when  the  racks  are 
raised  perpendicular,  the  candles  faffing  into  the  cavities  R  in  the  tip- 
bars  when  the  pistons  are  dropped,  thereby  straining  the  wicks.  The 
position  of  slide  and  pistons  when  elevated  is  represented  in  fig.  2  in 
dotted  lines.  Fig.  3  represents  the  wick-clasps,  which  are  secured  to 
the  under-side  of  the  tip-bar  for  the  purpose  of  securing  the  upper  ends 
of  the  wicks,  in  case  the  candles  are  to  be  taken  out  of  the  racks  before 
filling  the  moulds.  The  clasping  is  performed  by  passing  the  clasp- 
bar  c  in  the  direction  of  the  arrow. 

The  inventor  says :  I  claim,  first,  the  employment  of  the  pistons  D 
D,  formed  at  their  upper  ends  into  moulds  for  the  tips  of  candles,  in 
combination  with  stationary  candle-moulds,  to  throw  out  the  candles 
in  a  vertical  direction,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

I  do  not  claim  the  use  of  clasps,  separately  considered ;  but  I  claim, 
secondly,  the  combination  of  the  rack,  tip-bar,  and  clasps,  constructed 
and  arranged  substantially  as  described,  and  for  the  purposes  specified. 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


465 


No.  13,334. — Willis  Humiston. — Improvement  in  Candle-Mould  Appa¬ 
ratus. — Patented  July  24,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  97.) 

B  are  the  candle-moulds,  D  a  series  of  hollow  pistons  arranged  in 
sliding  frame  E,  the  pistons  being  provided  with  loose  tops  a  sliding 
within  the  hollow  pistons  a  short  distance.  When  the  candles  are 
moulded,  their  tips  rest  in  these  loose  tops  a;  and  when  the  candles  are 
to  be  forced  out,  the  pistons  are  let  down  whilst  the  tops  a  remain  in 
contact  with  the  candle — the  lugs  c  and  slots  e  admitting  of  this 
movement ;  this  allows  the  pistons  play  enough  to  be  brought  up  sud¬ 
denly,  which  starts  out  the  candles.  When  the  candles  are  raised  up 
above  the  moulds,  they  pass  between  clamps  F,  which  (instead  of 
catching  the  wicks  as  usual,  which  brings  them  so  near  the  moulds  as 
to  obstruct  the  next  pouring)  seize  the  candles  themselves,  and  hold 
them  until  the  wicks  are  cut  and  the  clamp  and  candles  removed  and 
replaced  by  another. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  fully  aware  that  pistons  have  been  used 
in  connection  with  candle- moulds,  for  the  purpose  of  forcing  out  the 
moulded  candles  ;  this  I  do  not  claim. 

But  I  claim ,  making  the  top  of  the  piston,  in  which  the  tip  of  the 
candle  rests,  movable  on  the  piston,  so  that  it  may  remain  in  contact 
with  the  candle,  whilst  the  piston  is  slightly  depressed  or  lowered,  to 
bring  it  up  with  a  sudden  blow  to  start  the  candles  from  the  moulds, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 

I  also  claim,  in  contradistinction  from  clamping  the  wicks,  or  from 
the  tip-bar  or  supporter,  the  clamping  of  the  candles  themselves  in  the 
position  in  which  they  are  forced  from  the  moulds,  and  thus  holding 
them  until  ready  to  be  removed  ;  by  which  means  I  retain  greater 
facilities  for  pouring  into  or  filling  the  moulds,  and  avoid  the  danger  of 
breaking  the  candles  or  their  tips,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,973. — Lewis  C.  Ashley. — Improvement  in  Candle-Mould  Ap¬ 
paratus. — Patented  December  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  97.) 

The  wicks  x  are  led  through  the  moulds  B,  a  little  beyond  the 
plates  b  and  c ;  which  latter,  when  in  contact  at  their  edges,  leave 
small  openings  through  them  corresponding  to  the  centre  lines  of  the 
moulds.  The  stoppers  a,  which  are  attached  to  a  frame  K,  are  then 
simultaneously  raised  out  of  the  ingate  openings  by  means  of  a  hand- 
lever  attached  to  said  frame.  The  melted  tallow  is  then  poured  into 
the  troughs  F,  wherefrom  it  flows  through  the  ingate  openings  into  the 
moulds.  While  it  is  yet  in  a  fluid  state,  the  stoppers  a  are  moved 
back  into  their  seats  by  means  of  said  hand-lever,  so  as  to  leave  the 
candle  smooth  at  the  place  of  the  ingate  opening ;  the  lever  L  is  oper¬ 
ated,  which  will  draw  the  plates  b  .and  c  apart,  and  leave  the  rear  end 
of  the  candles  free,  for  the  purpose  of  drawing  them  out  of  the  moulds. 

The  inventor  says : 

I  claim  the  combination  of  candle-moulds  which  have  an  opening 
in  the  side  or  tip  end  of  each  mould  to  ad  mit  the  melted  tallow,  with 
a  device  for  temporarily  closing  the  large  open  ends  of  said  moulds 

30 


466 


IY. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


and  simultaneously  centring  the  wicks  thereat,  substantially  as 
described,  to  make  the  butt  ends  of  the  candles  with  a  smooth  finish  ; 
and  this  I  claim,  irrespective  of  the  mode  in  which  the  parts  of  the 
candles  at  said  side  openings  are  completed. 

And  I  claim  the  combination  of  said  combined  mould  and  device 
for  closing  the  large  ends  thereof,  with  the  stoppers  or  slides  for  tem¬ 
porarily  closing  the  side  or  tip  ingate  openings  in  said  moulds,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described,  to  complete  the  formation  of  the  parts  of  the 
candles  at  said  ingate  openings,  by  which  the  operation  of  scraping, 
to  complete  the  finish  of  the  candles  at  these  places,  is  avoided. 


No.  12,153. — Robert  Arthur. — Improvement  in  Self-Sealing  Preserve 

Cans.— Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  97.) 

This  improvement  consists  in  matting  the  cans  with  an  annular 
groove  at  or  near  the  outer  edge  of  the  top,  furnished  with  a  cover,  the 
rim  of  which  passes  loosely  into  the  groove.  The  groove  is  to  be  filled 
with  some  composition  which  melts  only  at  a  higher  temperature  than 
that  at  which  it  is  necessary  to  seal  the  vessel. 

This  can  offers  the  advantage  of  being  perfectly  accessible  ;  and  as 
there  is  no  obstruction  from  the  bottom  to  the  opening,  its  contents  can 
readily  be  removed,  and  it  can  be  thoroughly  cleansed  after  the  cover 
is  removed. 

Claim. — A  new  manufacture  :  a  vessel  made  with  a  groove  to  sur¬ 
round  its  mouth,  prepared  with  cement,  and  ready  for  hermetical  seal¬ 
ing  ;  but  to  hermetical  sealing  itself  I  make  no  claim,  neither  do  I  claim 
a  ground-stopper  or  cover  and  seal  for  hermetical  sealing,  whether  the 
ground  surfaces  of  such  stopper  or  cover,  and  its  seal,  be  prepared 
with  cement  or  not. 


No.  12,151. — -Andrew  H.  Ward,  assignor  to  Ward  &  Boott. — - 

Improvement  in  Compositions  for  Unhairing  Hides. — Patented  January 

2,  1855. 

After  steeping  hides  (with  the  hair  on)  for  about  two  days  in  a  solu¬ 
tion  of  carbonate  and  sulphate  of  soda,  the  inventor  asserts,  the  hair 
may  be  removed  from  it  by  the  usual  process  of  beaming,  the  skin 
being  left  in  a  much  better  state  for  being  tanned  than  when  it 
sweated  or  prepared  with  lime,  in  the  usual  way. 

(No  illustration.) 

Claim. — The  applicatiqn  of  a  compound  solution  of  carbonate  and 
sulphate  of  soda  to  hides  and  skins,  for  the  purpose  of  loosening  their 
hair,  and  preparing  them  for  the  reception  of  tannin. 


No.  12,2 12. — Charles  Morey. — Improvement  in  Re-worhing  Hard  Rubber 
Compounds — Patented  January  9,  1855. 

The  material  is  placed  in  an  iron  mould,  closed  and  subjected  to  a 
powerful  pressure.  It  is  then  placed  between  two  red-hot  iron  plates, 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


467 


and  thus  again  introduced  into  the  press.  When  the  mould  is  suffi¬ 
ciently  hot,  it  is  put  into  cold  water  until  it  has  become  cool.  Then 
the  article  is  taken  from  the  mould.  The  soldering  is  performed  in  the 
following  manner :  The  broken  parts  are  scraped  off ;  dust  of  hard  vul- 
.  canized  India-rubber  is  introduced  between  the  scraped  parts  ;  the 
whole  is  submitted  to  a  high  degree  of  heat  and  pressure,  whereby  the 
broken  parts  are  united  in  a  perfect  manner. 

Claim. — 1st.  Forming  or  moulding  scrapings,  filings,  dust,  powder, 
or  sheets  of  hard  vulcanized  India-rubber,  into  a  compact  solid  mass, 
by  means  of  a  high  degree  of  heat  and  pressure,  as  above  described. 

2d.  The  application  of  dust,  powder,  filings  of  hard  vulcanized  In¬ 
dia-rubber,  for  soldering  or  uniting  hard  vulcanized  India-rubber. 


No.  12,368. — L.  Woodbury  Fiske. — Improvement  in  Compositions  for 

Bleaching  and  Stuffing  Leather.  Patented  February  6,  1855. 

The  set  is  composed  of  four  gallons  of  clear  water,  at  from  130°  to 
140°  Fahrenheit,  to  every  four  pounds  of  sulphuric  acid,  of  about  the 
specific  gravity  from  1.823  to  1.847,  or  65°  to  66°  Reamur ;  one  half- 
pound  of  dissolved  alum  ;  one  half-pound  of  dissolved  borax  ;  and  from 
three  to  five  pounds  of  common  salt.  The  bleach  is  composed  of  four 
gallons  of  water  of  140°  Fahrenheit  for  every  six  pounds  of  sugar -of- 
lead,  and  one  fourth-pound  of  common  chalk,  dissolved  in  dilute  muriatic 
acid.  For  stuffing ,  the  inventor  uses  for  every  three  gallons  of  common 
stuffing  one-fourth  of  a  pound  of  finely  powdered  alum,  one- fourth  of  a 
pound  of  finely  powdered  borax,  one-fourth  of  a  pound  of  finely  powdered 
sugar-of-lead,  dissolved  in  a  quart  of  hot  water.  This  solution  is  then 
mixed  with  one  pound  of  superfine  flour,  and  to  it  added  a  half  tea-cup-full 
of  gum-tragacanth,  dissolved  in  hot  water  to  the  consistency  of  thick  mucil¬ 
age  (a  table* spoonful  of  alcohol  being  added  to  each  half-pound  of  gum). 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  intend  to  claim  the  use  of  the  ingre¬ 
dients  herein  named  separately,  or  in  other  combinations  employed  for 
the  same  or  analogous  purposes ;  but  I  claim  the  improved  mode  ot 
bleaching  and  stuffing  leather,  before  described,  by  using  the  bleaching 
and  stuffing  compounds  made  of  the  ingredients,  or  their  equivalents, 
in  the  proportions  and  in  the  mode  specified,  substantially  in  the  manner 
and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  12,519. — Edward  F.  Overdeer. — Improvement  in  Fire-extinguish¬ 
ing  Compositions. — Patented  March  14, 1855. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  pearl-ash  and  other  salts,  either 
alone  or  mixed  with  other  substances,  have  been  used  to  saturate  or 
cover  combustible  articles  to  render  them  fire-proof.  Therefore,  I  do 
not  claim  the  use  of  pearl-ash  or  saleratus  for  the  purpose  of  prevent¬ 
ing  ignition  or  rendering  combustible  articles  fire-proof;  but  I  claim 
the  employment  of  a  solution  of  pearl-ash  in  water  in  the  proportion  of 
sixteen  pounds  of  pearl-ash,  or  thereabout,  to  one  hundred  gallons  of 
water,  as  a  substitute  for  water  in  extinguishing  fires. 


468 


IV. - CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


No.  13,420. — Francis  Baschnagel. — Improvement  in  Compositions  for 

Treating  Rubber  and  Gutta,  Rercha . — Patented  August  14,  1855. 

One  hundred  pounds  of  vulcanized  rubber  or  gutta  percha  (in  pieces) 
are  mixed  with  one-fourth  of  one  pound  of  alcohol  absolutus  and  ten 
pounds  of  carbon  bisulphuratum,  and  the  vessel  containing  the  same 
is  then  hermetically  closed  and  so  kept  for  two  hours.  Those  propor¬ 
tions,  however,  may  be  changed. 

The  inventor  says:  What  1  claim  is  not  an  improvement  in  the 
restoration  of  caoutchouc,  gutta  percha,  and  other  similar  gums,  “  by 
first  treating  the  vulcanized  gum  with  alkalies,”  &c.,  “for  extracting 
the  sulphur,”  &c.,  “  and  then  submitting  the  mass  to  the  action  of  heat 
and  turpentine,  or  any  other  liquor  known  to  be  a  solvent  of  the  gum 
in  its  natural  condition” — all  of  which  quotations  are  in  the  patent 
granted  to  Feuchtwanger  &  Beers,  assignees  of  Beers,  May  29,  1855, 
being  “  an  improvement  in  de-vulcanizing  India-rubber.” 

But  I  claim  the  conversion  or  restoration,  of  caoutchouc  or  gutta 
percha,  whether  they  have  been  vulcanized  or  not,  into  a  soft,  plastic, 
and  workable  state,  (by  a  new  combination  of  chemical  agents,)  so 
that  they  may  be  re-manufactured  in  a  state  already  vulcanized  or  not, 
according  as  the  substance  converted  or  restored  had  or  had  not  been 
vulcanized;  the  substances  which  I  use  for  this  purpose  being  bi- 
sulphurate  of  carbon  in  conjunction  with  alcohol  absolute,  and  not 
common  alcohol,  without*  the  addition  of  any  other  chemical  agent, 
and  without  the  application  of  heat,  as  substantially  set  forth. 


No.  13,733. — James  West. — Improvement  in  Roofing  Compositions. — 

Patented  October  30,  1855. 

India-rubber  dissolved  in  spirits  of  turpentine,  gum-shellac  dissolved 
in  alcohol,  gutta  percha  dissolved  in  linseed  oil,  “  puzzolan”  (composed 
of  pulverized  glass,  quick-lime  pulverized  and  sifted,  and  any  kind  of 
clay  well  vitrified  and  pulverized)  and  “  smalt”  (composed  of  vitrified 
glass,  sand,  flint,  or  any  equivalent  pulverized  substances  which  will 
withstand  the  action  of  the  atmosphere),  and  naphtha,  or  coal-tar.  The 
proportions  are :  Sixteen  ounces  naphtha,  half  an  ounce  of  India-rub¬ 
ber,  half  an  ounce  of  shellac,  and  half  an  ounce  of  gutta  percha,  dis¬ 
solved  in  the  above-mentioned  solvents,  two  ounces  of  puzzolan  and 
two  ounces  of  smalt. 

The  solutions  of  India-rubber,  gum-shellac,  gutta  percha,  and  the 
naphtha,  are  to  be  warmed  to  blood-heat ;  then  the  puzzolan  to  be  mixed 
therewith,  and  immediately  to  be  applied  to  the  roof  and  rubbed 
smooth  ;  then  the  smalt  is  to  be  sifted  on. 

Claim. — The  use  of  lime  in  combination  with  the  rubber,  gutta 
percha,  and  shellac  solutions  in  the  composition,  as  set  forth,  for  the 
purpose  specified. 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


469 


No.  12,812. — Alexander  C.  Blount. — Improvement  in  preparing  Tur¬ 
pentine  jor  Distillation . — Patented  May  8,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  97.) 

The  crude  turpentine  is  placed  and  melted  in  the  innermost,  a,  of  the 
sieves.  The  impurities  which  are  not  arrested  in  the  sieves  will  sub¬ 
side  in  the  concave  bottom  of  the  cylinder  A,  from  whence  they  c^n 
be  drawn  off  by  pipe  L.  The  turpentine  passes  from  A  through  pipe 
E  into  receiver  F,  and  therefrom  into  still  H. 

Claim. — Freeing  the  crude  turpentine  of  chips,  bark,  straw,  and 
other  impurities  and  coloring  matters,  before  introducing  it  to  the  still, 
by  melting  it'  in  a  cylinder  or  vessel  A,  which  contains  one  or  more 
sieves  a,  a1,  a2,  and  is  arranged  in  such  manner  that  the  melted  tur¬ 
pentine  may  run  from  it  to  the  still  by  gravitation,  substantially  as 
herein  described. 


No.  13,358. — Stephen  Meredith.- — ■ Improvement  in  Distilling  Coal 

with  Hydrogen  Gas. — Patented  July  31,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  97. 

The  pipe  E  passes  through  the  oven  F  in  a  serpentine  form,  and  con¬ 
nects  outside  with  pipe  G,  which  runs  over  the  whole  of  the  retorts, 
and  is  furnished  with  a  branch  a  to  lead  to  every  retort.  This  pipe 
conveys  the  hydrogen  gas  to  the  retorts  A ,  and  heats  it  in  its  passage 
through  the  oven.  The  hydrogen,  after  condensation  has  been  effected, 
is  to  be  conveyed  by  suitable  means  to  burn  it  under  the  retorts  A,  or 
under  the  stills  to  be  employed  in  the  further  purification  of  the  liquids, 
which  are  to  be  re- distilled  with  about  one-tenth  part  of  their  bulk,  or 
with  ten  gallons  of  the  milk  of  lime  to  every  hundred  gallons  of  the 
liquids,  when  they  will  be  sufficiently  pure  for  common  use. 

Claim. — The  production  of  naphtha,  benzole,  and  other  hydro-carbon 
liquids,  b}^  the  distillation  of  cannel  or  other  bituminos  coal,  in  an  atmos¬ 
phere  of  heated  hydrogen  gas,  or  in  a  retort  to  which  a  stream  of  heated 
hydrogen  gas  is  admitted  during  the  distilling  process,  substantially  as 
and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  12,516. — James  McCracken. — Improved  Evaporating  Apparatus. — 

Patented  March  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  97.) 

The  steam  which  is  to  heat  the  liquor  passes  through  pipes  il,  there¬ 
by  fdling  the  heating-cylinders  e.  These  cylinders  have  vertical  tubes 
inserted  which  are  open  at  top  and  bottom,  so  as  to  allow  the  liquor 
(which  is  placed  in  pan  C,  and  surrounds  the  cylinders  e)  also  to  fill 
said  tubes.  Steam-pipe  i 2  leads  from  the  upper  head  of  the  first  pan 
(connecting  with  the  second  pan  by  means  of  an  intermediate  vertical 
pipe  i3)  to  the  condenser  or  third  pan,  which  is  open  at  the  top  and 
contains  a  metallic  cylinder,  similar  to  those  in  the  other  pans,  only  of 
much  greater  length  and  diameter,  sufficient  to  condense  the  amount  of 
steam  conveyed  from  the  two  pans  to  the  condenser. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  and  use  of  a  set  of  metallic  cylinders, 
containing  vertical  tubes,  as  described,  in  connection  with  the  mode  of 


470 


IV. - CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


conveying  the  escape  steam  from  the  pans  to  the  condenser,  m  the 
manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,329. — Thaddeus  Selleck—  Improvement  in  Methods  of  Working 
+  Franklinite  Ore. — Patented  January  30,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  98.) 

a  are  the  walls  of  the  furnace  ;  c  the  crucible.  The  charge  should 
never  be  carried  above  the  line  e.  Just  above  e  is  a  contraction  f f  $  and 
above  this  the  walls  spread  out,  that  the  gases  may  have  room  to 
expand  and  mingle  with  atmospheric  air,  v/hich  is  foiced  m  through 
tuyeres  h  h .  Pipes  m  communicate  with  any  suitable  appaiatus  loi 
collecting  the  white  oxyd  of  zinc,  and  for  separating  it  from  the  gaseous 
products  of  the  furnace.  Draught  is  admitted  at  j  to  start  the  furnace  ; 
k  is  a  damper,  which  is  kept  closed  when  the  furnace  is  working.  The 
charge  is  introduced  through  apertures  Z,  which  are  then  closed. 

The  tangential  direction  of  pipes  h  serves  to  create,  a  whirling  mo¬ 
tion  just  above  the  charge,  so  as  to  insure  a  proper  mixing  up  of  air  and 

vapors.  _  .  '  .  . 

Claim. — The  process  of  reducing  Franklinite  ore  to  obtain  iron  and 

the  white  oxyd  of  zinc  therefrom,  by  working  it  . under  a  lighter  heat,  in 
a  vertical- walled,  low  cupola  furnace,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,498. — Dexter  H.  Chamberlain,  assignor  to  Henry  Wood¬ 
ward. — Improvement  m  Apparatus  for  Purifying  Illuminating  Gras. 

Patented  March  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  98.) 

The  float  E  forms  a  part  of  the  agitator,  and  serves  to  give  to  it  a  suf¬ 
ficient  buoyant  power  to  enable  it  to  rotate  in  a  liquid  that  may  be 
placed  in  vessel  A. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  a  gas-purifying  apparatus  com¬ 
posed  of  a  closed  cistern,  provided  with  ingress  and  egress  pipes,  and 
an  annular  float  having  an  inverted  concentric  groove  or  chamber,  and 
numerous  passages  leading  therefrom,  whereby  the  gas  is  suffered  to 
flow  into  said  chamber  while  the  float  is  resting  on  a  purifying  fluid, 
and  is  caused  to  raise  the  float  so  as  to  escape  from  its  chamber 
and  pass  over  the  surface  of  the  liquid  in  numerous  streams,  the  float 
having  no  rotary  movement  whereby  it  is  caused  to  stir  and  agitate  the 
cleansing  liquid ; 

But  I  claim  an  improved  gas-purifying  apparatus,  arranged  within  the 
closed  cistern  and  made  to  distribute  gas  in  contact  with  the  liquid  therein, 
and  to  be  put  in  rotation  by  the  gas  so  as  to  stir  up  and  agitate  the  said 
liquid,  as  specified;  the  said  apparatus  consisting  of  a  wooden  or  other 
proper  float  E,  and  a  separate  gas  receiving  and  discharging  apparatus, 
composed  of  the  disk  F,  the  tube  L,  and  its  receiving  and  discharging 
scroll  G,  or  the  equivalent  therefor,  such  a  mode  of  constructing  the 
agitator  having  important  advantages  over  a  simple  float,  having  an 
annular  chamber  formed  within  it,  and  made,  while  resting  on  a  purifying 
liquid,  to  receive  gas  and  to  be  raised  by  it,  and  so  as  to  pei  mit  it  to 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES.  471 

escape  in  numerous  thin  streams  and  over  and  in  contact  with  the 
liquid. 


No.  12,711. — Henry  P.  M.  Birkinbine. — Improvement  in  the  Construc¬ 
tion  of  Gas  Retorts. — Patented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  98.) 

The  material  from  which  gas  is  to  be  made  is  put  into  the  lower  com¬ 
partment  B,  from  which  the  gas  is  passed  into  the  annular  space  A, 
where  it  is  further  subjected  to  the  action  of  heat,  and  escapes  at  c.  By 
these  means  portions  of  the  material  from  which  the  gas  is  made,  which 
passes  off  in  the  shape  of  tar,  etc.,  are  further  acted  upon  by  the  heat 
and  converted  into  gas. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  D  gas  retort,  nor  the  passing 
of  gas  through  a  second  retort  or  heater,  nor  a  retort  with  a  cellular 
shell  or  exterior  wall ;  but  what  T  do  claim  is  the  D  gas  retort  with  the 
annular  space  above,  as  above  described,  cast  with  and  making  a  part 
of  it,  as  illustrated  by  the  accompanying  drawing. 


No.  13,754. — Stephen  Hill  and  William  J.  Wood. — Improvement 
m  Gas-Holders. — Patented  November  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  98.) 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  pipes  T  T1  with  the  diaphragm  d 
within  the  gas-holder,  for  the  purpose  of  applying  an  equable  pressure 
to  fill  the  gas-holder  with  gas,  and  to  expel  the  gas  therefrom. 


No.  12,304. — William  Adamson. — Improvement  in  Clarifying  Glue. — 

Patented  January  30,  1855. 

Powdered  sulphate  of  lime  or  terra  alba  is  mixed  with  water,  so  as 
to  make  a  thick  solution,  which  is  to  be  poured  into  the  vat  containing 
the  liquid  glue,  and  stirred  from  three  to  five  minutes.  The  whole  is 
then  suffered  to  stand  for  fifteen  minutes,  during  which  time  (as  the 
inventor  states)  all  the  impurities  are  precipitated  to  the  bottom  of  the 
vat,  and  the  clear  liquid  is  drawn  off  above. 

Claim. — The  employment  of  the  material  specified,  for  the  purpose 
of  clarifying  glue,  gelatin,  size,  &c. 


No.  12,204. — Adolph  Hammer . — Improvement  in  Hop-Extracting  Ap¬ 
paratus. — Patented  January  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  9S.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  consists  in  providing  a  suitable 
metallic  vessel  (constructed  as  shown  in  the  engraving)  adapted  for 
holding  the  quantity  of  hops  required  for  a  brewing  of  malt  liquor, 
and  retaining  therein,  whilst  partially  immersed  in  the  boiling  fluid 
used  for  the  purpose  during  the  process  of  extraction,  the  essential  oil 
or  volatile  principle  of  the  hops,  without  the  possibility  of  any  con¬ 
siderable  loss  thereof  from  evaporation  or  waste. 

The  retaining  vessel  A  being  filled  with  the  proper,  quantity  of  hops, 
and  being  placed  within  the  boiling  vessel  (as  shown  in  the  engraving,) 


472 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


and  the  hole  i  being  closed,  the  extracting  fluid  is  run  into  it  until  it 
reaches  within  about  four  inches  of  diaphragm  d  of  the  upper  part  or 
cover  of  the  retaining  vessel,  there  being  a  small  vent-cock  previously 
fixed  in  said  part  of  the  vessel  to  let  the  atmospheric  air  escape  as 
the  fluid  rises  above  the  lower  end  of  tube  e.  The  cock  is  closed  when 
the  fluid  reaches  the  designated  height  in  vessel  A,  thus  leaving  there¬ 
in  an  empty  space,  of  about  four  inches  height,  between  the  surface  of 
the  fluid  and  the  diaphragm  d;  and  the  surface  of  this' fluid  being  con¬ 
siderably  above  the  lower  edge  of  the  upper  part  or  cover  of  vessel  A, 
and  consequently  also  above  the  lower  end  of  tube  e,  this  space  is 
sealed  from  the  open  air  outside. 

Claim . — The  retaining  vessel  A,  constructed  and  arranged  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described,  for  the  purpose  of  producing  the  extract  from 
hops  required  in  brewing  malt  liquors,  using  the  boiling  vessel  B,  or 
any  equivalent  device,  for  the  purpose  of  boiling  the  hops  within  the 
said  retaining  vessel,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12, 144.™ H.  G.  Tyer  and  John  Helm. — Improvement  in  Processes 
for  making  India-rubber  Cloth.  —  Patented  January  2,  1855. 

This  improvement  consists  in  subjecting  the  cloth,  which  has  been 
previously  coated  with  a  layer  of  India-rubber  cement,  suddenly  to  a 
degree  of  heat  from  140°  to  180°  Fahrenheit.  By  this  sudden  appli¬ 
cation  of  heat  while  the  goods  are  still  in  a  green,  undried  state,  the 
camphene  used  in  the  cement  evaporates  very  rapidly,  and  leaves  the 
gum  punctured  with  minute  orifices,  which  are  too  small  to  allow  the 
passage  of  globules  of  water  through  them,  but  are  large  enough  for 
the  passage  of  air  through  them. 

(No  illustration.) 

Claim. — The  peculiar  mode,  so  described,  of  preparing  the  uppers 
of  boots  and  shoes. 


No.  12,334. — Henry  G.  Tyer  and  John  Helm. — Improvement  in  Pro¬ 
cesses  for  making  India-rubber  Cloth. — Patented  January  30,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  98.) 

The  India-rubber  compound  (in  a  plastic  state)  is  introduced  at  C, 
between  cylinders  1  and  2  ;  it  passes  between  the  said  cylinders,  and, 
adhering  to  cylinder  2,  is  carried  round  and  down  until  it  comes  nearly 
in  contact  with  cylinder  3,  when  ihe  end  of  the  roll  of  cloth  A  is  in¬ 
serted  between  cylinders  2  and  3,  and  the  compound  is  pressed  upon 
and  into  the  cloth  by  the  action  of  the  cylinders.  When  the  cloth  and 
compound  thus  united  on  one  side  have  passed  round  cylinder  3  until 
they  have  come  nearly  in  contact  with  cylinder  4,  the  end  of  the  cloth 
from  roller  B  is  inserted  between  cylinders  3  and  4,  so  as  to  come  in  con¬ 
tact  with  the  compound  on  cloth  A.  The  two  pieces  of  cloth,  with  the 
compound  between  them,  then  pass  between  cylinders  3  and  4,  when 
the  two  pieces  of  cloth  become  firmly  united  with  the  compound. 

Claim. — The  process  described  of  making  elastic  fabrics  without  a. 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES.  473 

previous  preparation  of  threads,  strips,  or  sheets,  or  the  coating  of  the 
cloth  by  cement. 


No.  12,738. — William  F.  Converse. — Improvement  in  India-rubber 

Springs* — Patented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  98.) 

The  block  of  India-rubber  a  is  prevented  from  yielding  sideways  by 
plates  d,  bolts  c,  and  nuts  p.  A  yielding  strap,  formed  of  hooked  and 
properly  bent  plates  /  and  links  g,  is  tightened  or  loosened  by  com¬ 
pressing  or  opening  the  outer  ends  of  levers  i  P,  as  apparent  from  the 
figure.  Thereby  more  or  less  of  the  resilient  force  of  the  block  will 
be  brought  into  operation.  The  resilient  force  the  block  is  able  to 
exert  can  be  adjusted  by  setting  the  laterally  confining  plates  d  and 
nuts  p  nearer  together  or  wider  apart.  When  once  adjusted,  they  are 
to  remain  stationary,  and  prevent  all  longitudinal  expansion  of  the 
block.  The  compressing  forces,  when  acting  upon  the  outer  ends  of 
the  levers  i  P,  press  all  parts  of  the  block  towards  its  central  line;  and 
the  nearer  the  levers  approach  each  other,  the  more  the  resistance  of 
the  block  will  be  augmented  in  every  direction,  the  block  at  the  same 
time  always  preserving  the  cylindrical  form.  In  order  to  enable  the 
initiatory  action  to  be  made  as  prompt  as  may  be  desired,  the  concave 
inner  surfaces  of  the  plates  /  are  grooved  (see  n ,  fig.  3),  so  that  the 
opposing  resilience  of  the  block  does  not  re-act  against  the  entire  sur¬ 
face  of  the  strap  until  all  the  grooves  are  filled  in. 

For  carriages,  for  instance,  one  lever  i  would  be  attached  to  the 
holster,  the  other  lever  resting  upon  the  axle-bed. 

The  inventor  says:  I  am  aware  that  springs  of  India-rubber,  and 
other  similar  materials,  have  been  completely  confined  in  cylindrical 
and  other  unyielding  cases ;  such  an  arrangement,  therefore,  I  do  not 
claim.  But  I  do  claim  the  method  of  confining  a  cylindrical  or  prismatic 
block  of  India-rubber  at  all  points  of  its  surface,  by  means  of  a  jointed 
or  otherwise  flexible  cylindrical  strap,  connected  to  double  levers  or 
their  equivalents,  for  applying  the  compressing  strain  convergently  or 
radially  upon  the  enclosed  rubber.  I  likewise  claim,  in  this  connection, 
adjustable  end-plates  for  securing  the  rubber  from  lateral  expansion, 
and  for  graduating  the  elastic  force  of  the  spring,  it  desired,  by  means 
of  screw-nuts  or  equivalent  devices,  substantially  as  herein  described. 


No.  12,983. — Sigismund  Beer,  assignor  to  Lewis  Feuchtwanger 
and  Sigismund  Beer. — Improvement  m  De -vulcanizing  India-rubber. 
— Patented  May  29,  1855. 

The  claim  sufficiently  indicates  the  nature  of  this  improvement.. 

The  inventor  says  :  1  do  not  limit  myself  precisely  to  the  ingredients 
or  process  named,  as  the  same  is  undoubtedly  susceptible  of  consider¬ 
able  variation,  without  in  the  least  changing  the  character  of  the  inven¬ 
tion,  or  the  results  produced  thereby. 

I  claim ,  therefore,  the  restoration  of  caoutchouc,  gutta-percha,  or 
other  similar  gums,  which  have  undergone  the  process  of  being  cured 


4  n 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


or  vulcanized,  so  that  those  gums  may  be  capable  of  being  used  again 
as  a  substitute  for  native  gums  of  like  character,  or  in  combination  with 
such  gums,  by  first  treating  the  vulcanized  gum  with  alkalies,  or  com¬ 
pounds  of  alkalies  and  oils,  as  potash  with  any  common  grease  or  oil, 
for  extracting  the  sulphur,  &e.,  and  then  submitting  the  mass  to  the 
action  of  heat  and  turpentine,  or  any  other  liquid  known  to  be  a  solvent 
of  the  gum  in  its  natural  condition,  as  described. 


No.  12,616. — Richard  Baker. — Improvement  in  the  Manufacture  of 

White  Lead  by  Precipitation. — Patented  April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 

98.) 

The  inventor  says  :  I  claim  an  improvement  in  the  combination  of 
apparatus,  so  arranged  and  constructed  as  to  produce  carbonate  of 
lead  by  precipitation  more  expeditiously  and  economically  than  by  any 
other  arrangement  heretofore,  and  for  the  same  purpose. 

I  do  not  claim  each  and  every  part  of  the  apparatus  described  as  new. 

I  claim ,  connecting  with  an  air-pump  a  series  of  vertical  distribution 
pipes  ooo,  as  described,  consisting  of  a  great  many  in  number,  de¬ 
scending  vertically  from  the  main  horizontal  pipe  O,  and  passing  down 
through  the  head  of  the  precipitating  vessel  D  into  the  solution  ol  sub¬ 
acetate  of  lead  pipe  i,  at  least  through  each  square  foot  of  surface  of 
the  top  of  the  precipitating  vessel,  thereby  traversing  the  solution  with 
a  great  number  of  small  jets  or  blasts  of  carbonic  acid  gas,  causing  a 
very  rapid  decomposition  of  the  solution ;  as  the  vertical  pipes  cannot 
choke  up  with  the  ponderous  precipitate,  a  constant  blast  Irom  each 
pipe  is  thereby  insured. 


No.  13,632.— Philippe  L.  Bernard  and  Joseph  Albrecht.— Improve¬ 
ment  in  the  Manufacture  of  Acid  Sulphate  of  Lime. — Patentee  October 

9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  98.) 

The  oven  for  generating  sulphurous  acid  consists  of  the  generator  g, 
which  is  a  cast-iron  tray  for  receiving  and  evaporating  the  sulphur ; 
it  is  heated  from  the  fire- hearth  r  below.  The  apertures  x  x  under¬ 
neath  the  projecting  cornices  u  are  provided  with  doors  to  regulate  the 
admission  of  atmospheric  air  to  the  vapors  of  the  sulphur.  Pipe  Z  at 
the  top  of  the  oven  leads  to  the  lead  chamber,  which  contains  sheet- 
lead  and  receives  the  sulphurous  acid  gas  from  the  oven  and  deposits 
the  sulphur,  if  some  should  have  escaped  unburnt.  The  absorbing 
apparatus  consists  of  cylinders  1,  2,  and  3,  coated  inside  with  lead. 
The  cylinders  are  surrounded  with  troughs  k  containing  cold  water, 
and  are  connected  by  large  pipes  f  a ,  c,  e ,  through  which,  and  through 
the  cylinders,  the  gases  are  carried  up  to  the  ventilator  V ;  and  by 
smaller  pipes  s,  n,  m ,  which  lead  the  liquid  part  downwards  from 
cylinder  3  to  2,  and  to  1,  and  from  the  latter  to  any  convenient  vessel 
wherein  it  can  settle.  By  means  of  this  arrangement  of  the  cylinders, 
one  above  the  other,  the  dissolved  alkalies  are  made  to  take  the  op¬ 
posite  course  of  the  sulphurous  acid  gas,  tending  to  effect  a  perfect  sat¬ 
uration  of  the  alkalies  with  the  acid. 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


475 


Claim, — The  apparatus  for  the  manufacture  of  sulphate  and  bisul¬ 
phate  (or  acid)  of  lime,  consisting  of  the  oven  g,  r ,  u,  x ,  the  three  su¬ 
perposed  cylinders  Nos.  1,  2,  and  3,  and  the  ventilator  V,  each  of  said 
parts  constructed,  furnished,  and  arranged  substantially  as  described, 
and  for  the  purposes  specified. 


No.  12,259. — John  Sutton. — Lubricator  for  Steam-Engines. — Patented 

January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  99.) 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  employment  of  a  cylinder  and 
a  solid  piston,  combined  with  a  grease  reservoir,  to  force  grease  into 
steam  cylinders  and  other  parts  of  engines  and  other  apparatus  while 
in  operation,  as  I  am  aware  that  such  a  combination  has  been  before 
made  use  of,  but  with  cocks  or  valves  not  only  in  the  discharge  pas¬ 
sage,  but  in  the  passage  communicating  between  the  reservoir  and 

cylinder. 

But  I  claim  arranging  the  passage  or  passages  between  the  grease 
reservoir  and  forcing  cylinder,  substantially  as  described,  so  as  to  be 
opened  and  closed  by  the  movement  of  a  solid  piston  ;  thereby  dis¬ 
pensing  with  a  valve  or  equivalent,  either  in  the  piston  or  in  the  said 
passages,  and  only  requiring  one  valve  or  cock  in  the  discharge  pas¬ 
sage.  (See  engraving.) 


No.  12,716. — Nathan  Dresser. — Improvement  in  Lubricating  Com¬ 
pounds. — Patented  April  17,  1855. 

This  compound  is  intended  to  produce  a  great  saving  of  oil,  grease, 
&c.,  in  lubricating  journals,  &c.  The  compound  is  made  by  melting 
say  one  pound  of  tallow,  and,  while  hot,  adding  half  a  pound  of  sperm 
or  other  oil,  then  adding  two  pounds  ol  pure  pulverized  lead,  with 
which  there  is  used  in  warm  weather  more  tallow,  and  in  cold  weather 
more  oil,  to  give  sufficient  consistence  for  holding  the  lead  in  suspen¬ 
sion  when  applied  to  the  journal. 

Claim. —  The  lubricating  compound,  and  its  application  to  journals, 
cranks,  axles,  and  other  machinery  subject  to  friction,  using  lor  that 
purpose  the  aforesaid  compound,  or  any  other  substantially  the  same 
and  which  will  produce  the  intended  effect. 


No.  12,918. — Jacob  Marshall . — Improvement  in  Lubricating  Com- 
‘pounds. — Patented  May  22,  1855. 

The  claim  sufficiently  explains  the  nature  of  this  improvement. 

The  inventor  says :  ldo  not  claim  the  use  of  soap,  nor  the  mixture 

of  soap  and  oils,  for  lubrication ;  . 

But  I  do  claim  the  combination  of  whale  or  other  oils  mixed  with 
the  oleate  of  zinc,  prepared  by  mixing  a  solution  of  soap  in  water  with 
a  solution  of  acetate  of  zinc  in  water,  in  which  the  oleate  of  zinc  is 
separated  m  a  saponaceous  mass,  while  the  acetate  of  sou  a  dissolves 
in  the  liquid,  in  the  manner  herein  set  forth. 


476 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


No.  12,964. — E.  Freeman  Prentiss. — Improvement  in  Lubricating 

Compounds. — Patented  May  29,  1855. 

Oil-soap  is  dissolved  in  hot  water,  and  then  olive,  lard,  rape-seed,  or 
any  other  kind  of  oil  which  can  be  used  on  wool  in  the  process  ol  its 
manufacture,  is  mixed  with  the  solution,  taking  equal  quantities  of 
both.  This  mixture  can  then  be  used  just  like  pure  oil. 

The  inventor  says  :  The  said  wool-oil  will  not  decompose,  because 
the  oil  of  soap  neutralizes  the  stearine  matter  in  the  oil ;  hence  there  is 
nothing  to  decompose,  and  spontaneous  combustion  cannot  be  produced 
for  the  same  reason. 

Claim. — The  manufacture  or  preparation  of  a  compound,  which  I 
denominate  wool-oil,  of  the  ingredients,  in  the  manner,  and  for  the 
purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,211. — Eleazur  Brown,  Jr. — Improvement  in  Lubricating  Coin¬ 
pounds. —  Patented  July  10,  1855. 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  is  set  forth  in  the  claim. 

Claim. — The  use  and  application  of  saltpetre  combined  with  com¬ 
mon  hard  soap  and  fat  salt  pork,  or  any  similar  oleaginous  animal 
substance,  thereby  forming  an  anti- frictional,  refrigerating,  lubricating 
compound,  adapted  to  the  purpose  of  lubricating  the  journals  of  rail¬ 
road  cars,  locomotive-engines,  and  also  the  journals  of  all  kinds  of 
machinery,  as  described. 


No.  12,205. — Adolph  Hammer. — Improvement  in  Mash-Machines . — 

Patented  January  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  99.) 

The  hollow  shaft  G,  which  supports  the  upper  rake  IT,  is  supported 
by  a  ring  g  on  shaft  B,  and  turns  around  the  latter  shaft,  which  carries 
the  lower  rake  C,  both  the  rakes  turning  in  opposite  directions.  Thus 
the  inventor  proposes  to  effect  a  more  rapid  and  perfect  mixture  of  the 
ground  malt  and  water. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  lower  rake,  nor  the  central 
shaft  and  gearing,  nor  the  diaphragm,  either  singly  or  in  combination 
with  a  mash-tun ;  as  these,  or  their  equivalent  devices,  have  been  used 
before  for  distilling  purposes; 

But  I  do  claim  the  application  and  use  of  the  upper  rake,  constructed 
substantially  as  described,  when  combined  with  a  mash-tun,  so  as  to 
be  rotated  in  an  opposite  direction  to  that  of  the  usual  rake  thereof, 
and  with  a  more  rapid  speed,  substantially  and  for  the  purpose  as 
described. 


No.  12,614. — Henry  W.  Adams. — Improvement  in  Factitious  Oils. — 
Patented  April  3,  1855. 

The  nature  of  this  process  consists  in  mixing  crude  turpentine  with 
the  fixed  oils,  and  filtering  the  said  mixtures,  after  neutr  alizing  any  acid 
which  may  be  in  the  turpentine,  by  an  alkali. 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES.  477 

Thus,  the  inventor  states,  a  cheap,  clear,  and  transparent  oil  is  pro¬ 
duced,  either  for  lubricating  or  burning. 

The  inventor  says:  I  am  aware  that  animal  and  vegetable  oils  have 
been  mixed  together  and  used  for  lubricating,  painting,  tanning,  and 
burning  purposes  ;  I  therefore  claim  no  such  mixtures.  But  crude  tur¬ 
pentine  is  not  an  oil,  and  therefore  its  mixture  with  fixed  oils  is  a  new 
composition  of  matter. 

But  I  claim  the  use  of  crude  turpentine  in  a  mixture  made  with  it 
and  the  fixed  oils,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  substantially  set 
forth. 


No.  13,486. — Thos.  Barrows. — Improvement  in  Preparations  of  Wood 

Oil. — Patented  August  28,  1855. 

The  inventor  says:  In  basing  my  claim  of  invention  or  improvement 
on  the  use  of  mucilaginous  matter,  I  do  not  include  aluminous  or  gela¬ 
tinous  matter  of  animal  origin,  nor  ammoniacal  or  other  alkaline  emul¬ 
sions,  which  have  been  before  used ;  but  restrict  myself  to  the  use  of 
those  watery  solutions  of  mucilage  from  plants  and  seeds,  whose  mu- 
culent  character  is  distinguished  from  the  gum  or  glue-like  character  of 
those  substances  heretofore  used,  by  not  drying  out  from  the  mixture 
with  the  oil,  when  on  the  fibres  of  the  wool  I  use  any  of  the  oils  adapted 
to  oiling  wool,  in  mixture  with  mucilage,  although  such  mixture,  by 
rest  for  a  longer  or  shorter  time,  will  become  separated  into  oil  which 
floats,  and  mucilage  which  subsides;  but  prefer  the  prepared  oleic 
acid  or  olein  mixture,  as  it  often  remains  uniform  several  days.  I, 
however,  lay  no  claim  to  the  application  of  oleic  acid,  as  described. 

But  I  claim  for  the  treatment  and  imbuing  of  wool,  during  or  pre¬ 
vious  to  its  manufacture  into  yarn  or  cloth,  the  application  thereto  of 
mucilage  possessing  an  attraction  for  water,  such  being  found  in  sea- 
mosses  and  allied  vegetable  productions,  or  in  various  seeds,  such  as 
flaxseed,  it  being  used  either  alone  or  in  mixture  with  an  oil,  or  some 
other  material. 


No.  13,557. — William  Wilber. — Improvement  in  Steam  Apparatus  for 
Extracting  Vegetable  Oils — Patented  September  11,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  99.) 

The  kettle  K  is  surrounded  with  a  steam-jacket  C,  into  which  steam 
can  be  admitted  through  pipe  D.  The  steam  can  be  admitted  from 
the  jacket  into  the  kettle  containing  the  seed  by  cock  F. 

I  claim  a  kettle  for  steaming  or  boiling  and  moistening  crushed  olea¬ 
ginous  seeds,  into  which  steam  is  admitted  whilst  it  is  surrounded  by 
steam,  so  that  the  cooking  and  moistening  be  done  by  the  direct  and 
indirect  action  of  steam,  substantially  as  described. 


478 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


No.  13. 70S. — Oscar  Retchenbach. —  Improvement  in  Preparing  Cotton 

Seed  for  Extracting  Oil . — Patented  October  23,  1855. 

The  cotton-seed  is  poured  into  a  vessel  containing  sulphuric  acid. 
The  acid  soon  destroys  the  cotton  fibres.  When  sufficient  seed  has 
been  thrown  in  to  absorb  all  the  acid,  and  before  the  acid  begins  to 
destroy  the  peel,  water  is  to  be  poured  over  the  mixture,  and  (by  open¬ 
ing  a  cock  at  the  bottom  of  the  vessel)  the  water  allowed  to  run  off. 

Claim. — The  application  of  sulphurip  acid,  or  acids  in  general,  to 
free  cotl on-seed,  as  it  comes  from  the  cotton-gin,  from  all  surrounding 
cotton-fibre,  previous  to  the  extraction  of  oil  from  the  seed. 


No.  12,361. — Henry  Glynn. — Improvement  in  the  Manufacture  of  Paper 

Pulp. — Patented  February  6,  1855. 

The  inventor  introduces  into  two  hundred  and  fifty  pounds  of  pulp 
nine  pounds  of  hydrated  soap,  either  potash  or  soda,  previously  dis¬ 
solved  in  boiling  water  ;  and  when  the  soap  is  thoroughly  incorporated 
with  the  pulp,  he  adds  a  mineral  or  metallic  salt  in  such  quantities  a3 
to  render  the  introduced  soap  insoluble. 

Claim. — Introducing  into  the  pulpy  mass  soluble  soaps  of  wax  or  fats, 
made  as  set  forth,  and  converting  the  same  into  insoluble  soaps  within 
the  pulp  by  means  of  soluble  salts,  substantially  as  described,  for  the 
purpose  of  preventing  forgery,  mildew,  and  the  action  ol  insects,  rats, 
and  vermin. 


No.  12,414. — -Charles  C.  Hall. — Improvement  in  the  Preparation  oj 

Paper  from  Resinous  Parhs. — Patented  February  20,  1855. 

The  bark  is  placed  in  a  boiler,  and,  being  covered  with  water,  is 
digested  at  a  slow  heat  for  the  purpose  of  softening  the  scales.  A 
moderate  heat  having  been  applied  for  two  or  three  hours,  the  quan¬ 
tity  of  water  is  doubled,  and  a  steam-heat  is  raised,  in  which  the  bark 
is  digested  for  four  or  five  hours,  until  its  fibres  are  so  far  detached 
from  each  other,  that,  by  the  usual  machinery,  it  is  easily  reduced  to 
a  pulpy  condition  The  bulk  thus  brought  to  a  pulpy  condition  is 
then  taken  to  the  pulp-engine,  and  there  operated  upon  for  two  hours, 
when  the  hard  stock  having  previously  been  partially  pulped,  the  two 
are  mixed  m  the  proportion  of  three  parts  ol  bark  to  one  part  of  hard 
stock,  and  the  whole  is  then  pulped  four  additional  hours. 

Claim . — The  process  of  preparing  paper  pulp,  as  described,  using 
the  entire  substance  of  the  bark  of  resinous  wood,  in  which  I  retain 
the  resinous  and  gummy  matter  within  the  substance  of  the  barks,  to 
act  as  a  size  or  stiffening  for  the  paper. 


No.  13,325. — George  Thompson.-—  Improvement  in  Preparing  Potash 
and  Soda. — Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  99.) 

Fig.  1  represents  the  tray  in  which  the  melted  soda  or  potash  is  cast. 
Fig.  2  represents  the  sector,  which  is  to  be  placed  inside  said  tray  (see 


IV. - CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


r 


479 


fig.  3),  for  the  purpose  of  dividing  the  melted' soda  into  cakes  of  equal 
size  and  weight. 

Claim. — The  use  of  a  tray  and  sector,  constructed  as  described,  for 
the  purpose  of  dividing  caustic  soda  or  potash  into  parcels  of  con¬ 
venient  size  and  shape,  and  of  uniform  weight. 


No.  12,139. — Obadiah  Rich. — Improvement  in  Processes  for  Extracting 

Tannin  from  Leather . — Patented  January  2,  1855. 

The  leather,  having  been  chopped  into  small  pieces,  is  washed,  to  re¬ 
move  the  dirt  and  part  of  the  coloring  matters ;  then  digested  in  a 
caustic  alkali  of  ammonia,  potash,  or  soda,  until  the  whole  of  the 
tannin  has  been  extracted ;  it  is  then  pressed  or  placed  in  the  centri¬ 
fugal  machine,  in  order  to  expel  as  much  of  the  liquor  as  possible. 
This  liquor  is  now  acidulated  with  sulphuric,  muriatic,  or  acetic  acid, 
in  order  to  set  free  the  tannic  acid,  and  more  readily  combine  it  with 
gelatine.  This  liquor,  now  charged  with  the  tannic  acid,  is  to  be  used 
lor  tanning  skins,  &c.  Before  proceeding  to  the  manufacture  of  glue, 
the  skin  is  again  subjected  to  the  action  of  a  new  solution  of  caustic 
soda,  to  remove  the  tannin  entirety.  Now  the  scraps  of  skin  are 
washed  in  pure  water,  to  remove  all  traces  of  the  soda ;  then  they  are 
digested  in  very  dilute  acid,  to  remove  the  coloring  and  earthy  matters; 
then  they  are  immersed  in  a  weak  solution  of  carbonate  of  soda,  in 
order  to  neutralize  any  trace  of  acid  that  may  remain,  and  when  well 
washed,  are  ready  to  be  converted  into  glue,  in  the  usual  manner,  by 
boiling. 

The  residue,  after  the  gelatine  is  extracted,  may  be  used  as  a  manure. 

(No  illustration.) 

Claim. — The  process  herein  described  for  the  removal  of  tannic  acid 
from  leather,  and  the  subsequent  preparation  ol  the  skin  for  making 
glue,  or  for  use  as  a  manure,  substantially  as  herein  set  forth. 


No.  12,142. — Richard  A.  Tilghman. — Improvement  in  Processes  for 
making  Soap. — Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  99.) 

The  invention  consists  in  making  soap  from  neutral  fatty  bodies 
and  carbonated  alkalies,  by  subjecting  a  mixture  of  the  fat  and  solution 
of  carbonated  alkali  to  a  high  temperature  and  pressure,  whereby  the 
glycerine  of  the  fat  and  the  carbonic  acid  of  the  alkali  are  set  free,  and 
the  fat,  acid,  and  alkali  combine  into  soap. 

The  figure  shows  an  apparatus  which  may  be  used  for  the  above 
process.  The  fat  or  oil  is  placed  in  vessel  a,  with  from  one-third  to 
one-half  of  its  bulk  of  warm  water,  in  which  is  dissolved  the  proper 
quantity  of  carbonated  alkali;  the  perforated  piston  h  being  kept  in 
motion  causes  the  fat  and  solution  to  form  an  intimate  mixture.  Pump 
c  drives  the  mixture  through  coil  of  tubes  d ,  which  are  heated  from 
furnace  f  Prom  the  end  g  of  said  coil  the  mixture,  which  has  then 
become  converted  into  soap,  solution  of  glycerine,  and  free  carbonic 
acid,  passes  through  coil  h ,  immersed  in  water  to  be  cooled  down, 


480 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


after  which  it  escapes  through  the  properly  loaded  exit  valve  i  into 
the  receiving  vessel. 

Claim. — The  manufacturing  of  soap  by  subjecting  a  mixture  of  fatty 
matters  and  solution  of  carbonated  alkalies  to  a  high  temperature  and 
pressure,  as  described. 


No.  12,585. — Levi  B.  Darling. — Improvement  in  Processes  for  Refining 

Jewellers’  Scraps . — Patented  March  27,  1855. 

This  process  consists  in  converting  the  impure  or  base  metals  which 
are  combined  with  the  precious  metals — gold  and  silver — in  the  scraps, 
etc.,  into  oxyds  by  the  use  of  an  oxidizing  salt,  in  contact  with  the  scraps 
at  a  comparatively  low  heat,  then  separating  the  oxyds  of  the  base 
metals  by  sulphuric  acid ;  after  which  they,  the  spongy  noble  metals, 
are  washed  and  reduced  to  a  metallic  state  by  a  proper  flux  and  heat 
in  any  of  the  known  ways. 

Claim . — The  processes  described  of  separating  and  recovering  the 
gold  and  silver  from  goldsmiths’  and  jewellers’  scraps,  such  as  turnings, 
sweepings,  cuttings,  and  filings,  which  contain  both  noble  and  base 
metals ;  that  is,  by  melting  down  the  metallic  compounds,  then  stirring 
in  gradually  the  nitre,  and  working  the  mass  without  fluxing ;  then 
washing  with  water,  and  treating  with  sulphuric  acid  to  convert  the 
oxydized  products  into  the  sulphates,  in  the  manner  described. 


No.  12,612. — Abraham  Gesner,  assignor  to  the  “  North  American 
Kerosene  Gas-Light  Company.” — Improvement  in  Processes  for 
making  Kerosene. — Patented  March  27,  1855. 

The  raw  material  is  submitted  to  dry  distillation  at  the  lowest  tem¬ 
perature  at  which  the  kerosene  will  volatilize.  The  liquid  products  of 
this  distillation  are  heavy  tar  and  water,  or  ammoniacal  liquor,  which  lie 
at  the  bottom  of  the  receiver,  and  a  lighter  liquid  which  floats  above 
them.  The  light  liquid  is  then  drawrn  off  and  re-distilled  at  the  lowest 
possible  heat,  whereby  again  a  heavy  and  a  light  volatile  liquid  are  pro¬ 
duced.  This  light  liquid  is  removed  and  mixed  with  from  five  to  ten 
per  cent,  of  strong  sulphuric,  nitric,  or  muriatic  acid;  also,  with  from 
one  to  three  per  cent,  of  peroxyd  of  manganese.  Then  the  mixture 
stands  from  twelve  to  twenty-four  hours,  to  let  the  impurities  subside. 
The  light  liquid  is  then  taken  off  and  mixed  with  about  two  per  cent, 
(by  weight)  of  powdered  and  freshly  calcined  lime,  which  wiil  absorb 
the  water.  The  mixture  is  now  again  distilled,  raising  the  heat  grad¬ 
ually  to  160°  Fahrenheit,  until  all  the  vapor  has  passed  into  the  re¬ 
ceiver  that  the  liquid  will  yield  at  this  temperature.  This  distillate 
is  the  “A  Kerosene.”  By  raising  the  heat  now  to  260^,  “  B  Kerosene” 
is  produced;  and  by  finally  raising  the  heat  to  360°,  “C  Kerosene” 
will  be  produced,  thereby  completing  the  process. 

Claim. — The  process  described  for  extracting  the  liquid  by  hydro¬ 
carbons  which  I  have  denominated  kerosene,  from  asphaltum,  bitumen, 
asphaltic  and  bituminous  rocks  and  shales,  petroleum  and  maltha,  by 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


481 


subjecting  any  of  these  substances  to  dry  distillation,  rectifying  the 
distillate  by  treating  it  with  acid  and  freshly  calcined  lime,  and  then 
submitting  it  to  re-distillation,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,777. — Charles  Campbell. — Improvement  in  Processes  for  Puri¬ 
fying  and  Cleansing  Wheat . — Patented  May  1,  1S55. 

The  inventor  says,  in  his  specification :  Take  of  lime  newly  slaked, 
and  while  yet  warm,  one  and  a  half  pounds  to  each  one  hundred 
pounds  of  wheat ;  mix  the  lime  well  with  the  wheat,  let  it  stand  one 
hour,  then  pass  it  through  a  smut-mill  in  the  usual  way,  and  all  the 
lime,  smut,  and  impurities  of  every  kind  attached  to  the  wheat,  will 
be  entirely  removed,  and  the  flour  be  perfectly  white  and  sweet.  (No 
illustration.) 

The  inventor  says:  What  I  claim  is  not  the  smut-mill  or  improve¬ 
ment  thereon,  or  any  new  chemical  quality  of  lime  ;  but  it  consists  in 
the  preparation  of  lime  lor  this  particular  purpose,  and  the  application 
of  it  to  wheat  when  newly  slaked  and  warm,  so  as  to  much  more  effectu¬ 
ally  cleanse  the  wheat  from  all  impurities  than  by  any  other  process. 


No.  12,834. — Josiah  J.  Sherman. — Improvement  in  Processes  for  Pre¬ 
paring  Liquids  for  Aiding  Digestion. — Patented  May  8,  1S55. 

The  inventor  mixes  common  malt- liquor  beverages  with  a  solution 
which  is  obtained  in  the  following  manner:  Emptying  the  fourth 
stomach  of  a  recently-slaughtered  ox  of  its  contents,  and  sponging 
away  (without  disturbing  the  gastric  juice  in  it)  the  mucus  from  its 
lining  membrane.  This  membrane  is  separated  from  the  stomach  and 
placed  in  one  gallon  of  warm  water,  acidulated  by  hydrochloric  or 
muriatic  acid  to  a  degree  rendering  it  only  just  perceptibly  acid  to  the 
taste.  The  water  is  allowed  to  steep  about  six  hours,  being  kept  at 
at  about  90°  Fahr.  The  solution  is  then  strained  through  a  fine  sieve 
and  filtered. 

This  solution,  though  very  inactive  as  a  digestive  at  low  tempera¬ 
tures,  has,  at  the  temperature  of  the  human  stomach,  a  similar  digest¬ 
ive  power  over  alimentary  matter  with  that  possessed  by  the  living 
stomach.  (No  illustration.) 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  as  my  invention  or  discovery  the 
solution  used,  that  being  substantially  described  by  Liebig,  nor  any 
part  of  the  manufacture  of  malt  liquors  ; 

But  I  do  claim  the  new  composition  produced  substantially  as  set 
forth  in  the  foregoing  specification. 


No.  12,948. — Homer  Holland. — Improvement  in  Processes  for  Treating 
Auriferous  and  Argentiferous  Sulphurets. — Patented  May  29,  1855. 

The  nitrate  of  soda  when  ignited  burns  slowly  and  mildly,  and  more 
especially  so  with  the  metalliferous  sulphurets,  while  there  is  also 
neither  violent  action  to  explode  and  scatter  the  mixture  nor  heat  gen- 
31 


482 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


erated  sufficiently  intense  to  volatilize  the  metal.  F or  these  reasons  the 
inventor  employs  the  said  material  in  his  process. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  confine  myself  to  the  precise  details  or 
arrangements  which  I  have  had  occasion  to  describe  or  refer  to*,  as 
many  variations  may  be  made  therefrom,  without  deviating  from  the 
principles  or  main  features  of  my  invention. 

But  I  claim  the  substitution  of  nitrate  of  soda  as  an  improved  agent 
over  common  nitre  for  oxydizing  the  sulphur  of  ores,  for  reasons  given 
in  the  specification  setting  forth  the  difference. 


No.  13,206. — Thos.  Barrows. — Improvement  in  Processes  for  Treating 
Wool. — Patented  July  10,  1855. 

Claim. — The  application  of  nitre  or  any  of  its  equivalent  salts,  as 
.  ^et  forth,  to  wool  in  a  warm  bath,  for  the  purpose  of  restoring  the  wool 
when  it  has  become  changed,  as  well  as  for  cleansing,  softening,  and 
preparing  it  so  as  to  better  adapt  it  to  receive  dyes,  and  be  finished 
in  fabrics. 


No.  13,316. — Samuel  Macferran. — Improvement  in  Processes  for  Smelt¬ 
ing  Iron. — Patented  July  24,  1855. 

The  fuel  employed  is  crystallized  carbon,  which  is  the  scale  ad¬ 
hering  to  the  inside  of  the  retorts  of  gas-works.  The  inventor  states 
that  if  used  together  with  the  iron  in  the  cupola,  (without  coal  or  any 
-other  fuel,)  it  melts  the  iron  rapidly,  and  furnishes  a  pure  and  hard 
iron.  The  fire  is  started  with  a  bed  of  coal  as  usual,  and  then  charged 
'with  the  carbon  and  iron,  without  using  coal. 

Claim. — The  use  of  gas-carbon  as  a  fuel  in  the  process  of  smelting 
iron,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,317. — Daniel  W.  Messer.— Improvement  in  Processes  for  Hull¬ 
ing  Cotton- Seed. — Patented  July  24,  1855. 

The  shell  of  the  cotton-seed  is  first  softened  by  soaking  it  in  boiling 
water,  or  in  cold  w^ater  and  subjecting  it  to  the  action  of  steam.  The 
seed  is  then  passed  through  rollers,  or  otherwise  subjected  to  pressure 
in  small  quantities  at  a  time;  by  which  means  the  shell  is  broken,  and 
the  kernel  is  forced  out. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  submitting  cotton-seed  to  pressure 
by  passing  it  between  rollers  or  otherwise,  for  the  purpose  of  extract¬ 
ing  the  oil  therefrom,  neither  do  I  claim  subjecting  the  seed  to  the 
action  of  steam  to.  facilitate  the  expression  of  the  oil;  nor  do  I  claim 
any  method  of  extracting  or  expressing  oil  from  cotton  or  other  seeds ; 

But  I  claim  separating  the  kernel  from  its  shell  and  fibre,  previous  to 
expressing  the  oil,  by  the  method  described,  or  by  any  other  method 
substantially  equivalent,  the  seed  being  macerated  to  soften  the  shell, 
and  then  submitted  to  pressure  for  the  purpose  of  pressing  cut  the 
kernel,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  substantially  as  set  forth. 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


483 


No.  13,987. — John  P.  Hale. — Improvement  in  Apparatus  for  making 

Salt. — Patented  December  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  99.) 

The  brine  from  the  wells  is  poured  into  kettle  A,  and,  by  means  of 
the  fire  in  furnace  B,  is  reduced  to  nearly  the  point  of  saturation.  The 
brine  is  then  drawn  off  by  means  of  tube  b  into  vat  F  until  the  impuri¬ 
ties  have  settled.  The  pure  brine  is  then  pumped  out  into  kettle  C, 
which  is  heated  by  the  steam  from  the  lower  kettle.  As  the  water 
evaporates,  the  salt  granulates  in  the  kettle  C. 

By  this  arrangement,  the  kettles  are  prevented  from  being  cracked, 
as  the  lower  kettle  is  always  supplied  with  brine,  and  the  brine  in  the 
upper  kettle  cannot  be  heated  higher  than  212° ;  consesequently,  the 
salt  will  not  be  burned,  colored,  or  injured. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  process  of  manufacture  de¬ 
scribed,  irrespective  of  the  means  employed  for  carrying  out  the  pro¬ 
cess.  I  claim  the  two  pans  or  kettles  A  C,  placed  one  over  the  other, 
or  a  furnace  B,  in  combination  with  the  vat  F,  the  parts  being  arranged 
as  shown,  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  12,819. — Benjamin  Harding-e. — Improvement  in  Apparatus  for  Dis¬ 
solving  Silica. — Patented  May  8,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  99.) 

The  heated  steam  is  applied  to  the  under-strata  of  the  silicates  in 
boiler  A,  while  the  upper  stratum  is  continually  being  relieved  of  steam 
by  pipe  17  passing  from  the  upper  part  of  the  boiler  through  a  cold- 
water  tank  (fig.  2),  thus  relieving  the  upper  strata  of  steam  and  hydra¬ 
ted  silicious  globules  as  soon  as  solution  begins  to  take  place,  easing 
the  pressure  from  the  safety-valve,  saving  the  waste  hydrous  silicates 
which  pass  through  said  pipe  in  the  form  of  minute  capsules,  and  ap¬ 
plying  the  same  to  use  in  making  plastic  masses  of  coarser  kinds.  The 
horn-pipe  E  (secured  to  the  rotary  shaft-pipe  4)  jets  out  the  heated 
steam  in  a  circuitous  direction  (among  the  lower  heavy  strata),  thus 
disseminating  the  steam  away  from  a  particular  point  in  the  bottom  of 
the  boiler,  and  thereby  preventing  the  destruction  of  the  latter. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim,  in  the  present  application,  to  have 
discovered  any  new  solvent  principle  for  silex,  eithel  by  the  above 
named  alkaline  salts  or  steam  under  high  pressure,  as  these  facts  have 
long  since  been  known  to  chemists. 

I  do  not  claim  the  heating  the  steam  in  coiled  pipe,  and  thereby 
forcing  it  to  the  bottom  of  the  boiler  A. 

I  do  not  claim  any  originality  qf  structure  of  the  furnace,  or  the  man¬ 
ner  of  setting  the  boiler  with  its  man-hole  or  gauge-cocks. 

I  do  not  claim,  as  original  with  myself,  the  structure  of  the  cold-water 
tank  itself ; 

But  I  do  -claim  filling  the  pipe  C  with  the  water  from  the  upper 
stratum  in  boiler  A,  so  constructed  as  to  find  its  common  level  in  pipe 
C,  in  furnace  D,  from  whence  the  heated  steam  is  forced  over  and 
down  into  the  under  stratum  of  the  heavy  silicates  by  the  horn-pipe  E, 
while  the  steam-pressure  is  relieved  from  the  surface  by  my  relief-pipe 
17,  which  coils  through  the  tank  (fig.  2)  of  cold  water,  for  the  purposes 
described  and  set  forth. 


484 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


No.  12,840. — Joel  Webster. — Improvement  in  Silvering  Looking- 

glasses. — Patented  May  S,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  99.) 

The  air-tight  spaces  a  a in  the  tables  A  A,  communicating  by 
means  of  an  elastic  tube  d ,  are  properly  filled  with  air  through  a 
nozzle  in  one  of  the  tables.  The  tables  being  open  (fig.  2),  one  of 
them  is  covered  with  the  silvering  preparation;  the  sheet  of  glass  f  is 
then  laid  upon  it,  and  the  other  table  thrown  over  upon  the  glass  (fig.  3). 
The  necessary  pressure  is  then  given  by  weights  placed  upon  the  back 
of  the  upper  table. 

The  elasticity  of  the  tables  will  prevent  the  breaking  of  the  plates,, 
however  great  the  pressure. 

Claim . — 1st.  The  two  tables  A  A,  having  elastic  faces,  and  being 
employed  in  combination  with  each  other,  substantially  as  and  for  the 
purpose  described. 

2d.  When  the  requisite  elasticity  is  given  to  the  faces  of  the  tables 
A  A,  by  the  employment  of  an  air-packing,  I  claim  connecting  the 
air-cavities  a  a ,  by  means  of  a  flexible  tube  d ,  as  described,  by  which 
means  both  cavities  are  caused  to  be  filled  with  air  at  once,  and  to  con¬ 
tain  a  uniform  pressure. 


No.  13,367. — Anton  Van  Haagen. — Improvement  in  Soap- Cutting  Ma¬ 
chines. — Patented  July  31,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  99.) 

A  slab  of  soap  being  laid  on  the  rollersy,  in  front  of  the  driver  h  c, 
and  with,  one  edge  bearing  close  against  rollers  l,  the  slabs  are  advanced 
by  the  driver  and  are  run  between  the  wires  f  and  thence  on  to  the 
rollers  k ,  immediately  in  front  of  the  driver  h  c ,  which  driver,  being  in 
its  turn  advanced,  pushes  the  bars  through  the  wires,  whence  they  » 
emerge  in  the  form  of  cakes. 

Claim. — The  ranges  f  f  of  vertical  wires,  at  right-angles  to  each 
other,  in  combination  with  the  drivers  b  b ,  moving  at  right- angles  to 
each  other,  and  the  ranges  of  rollers  k  l  and  y,  for  the  purpose  of  cut¬ 
ting  blocks  of  soap  directly  into  slabs  and  bars  at  one  operation,  and 
without  handling  thereof  when  once  on  the  machine. 


No.  13,368. — Anton  Van  Haagen. — Improvement  in  Soap- Cutting 

Machines . — Patented  July  31,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  100.) 

The  block  of  soap  is  placed  on  carriage  or  table  c ,  which  slides  on 
ways  b.  The  carriage  is  scored  at  top  by  grooves  1  in  a  transverse 
direction,  the  bottoms  of  the  grooves  following  a  cylindrical  form  that 
is  sinking  lower  towards  the  side  edges  of  the  table,  to  allow  the 
looped  wire  to  pass  entirely  through  the  block  of  soap,  and  sink  a  short 
distance  below  the  top  surface  of  the  table.  The  driver  d  forces  the 
soap  through  the  wires,  and  is  scored  across  its  face,  similar  to  the 
carriage,  and  with  the  same  object.  The  vertical  range  of  horizontal 
wires  k  is  arranged  between  post  l  and  l1,  and  the  wires  are  held  to  a 
slight  degree  of  tension  by  elliptical  spring  n.  The  horizontal  wires  kl 
are  arranged  between  a  horizontal  frame  m1,  which,  by  means  of  a 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


485 


gate  p,  receives  a  vertical  motion  up  and  down.  The  wires  kl  are 
also  stretched  by  a  spring  n1.  The  soap,  being  driven  forward,  is 
divided  into  slabs  b}r  the  wires  k,  and  then,  without  being  shifted,  the 
entire  tier  of  slabs  is  cut  up  into  bars  by  the  descent  of  the  gate  and 
wires  kl. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  arrangement  and  combination,  substantially  as 
described,  of  a  series  of  wires  for  cutting  soap,  said  wires  being 
stretched  by  means  of  springs  for  the  easy  formation  of  a  loop  at  the 
commencement  of  cutting,  and  gradual  increase  of  tension  until  the 
wire  has  entered  the  block. 

2d.  The  combination,  substantially  as  described,  of  grooved  carriage, 
grooved  driver,  stationary  and  vertical  range  of  horizontal  wires,  and 
descending  horizontal  range  of  horizontal  wires,  for  the  purpose  of 
slabbing  and  barring  a  block  of  soap,  without  handling  the  latter  after 
it  is  once  placed  upon  the  machine. 

3d.  The  bed  or  carriage,  and  driver,  scored  transversely  by  grooves 
adapted  to  the  loop  of  the  wires,  for  the  purposes  explained. 


No.  12,4S5. — Marcus  F.  Hyde. — Improvement  in  Soda-Water  Ap¬ 
paratus. — Patented  March  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  100.) 

The  gas  passing  down  through  pipe  E  to  the  bottom  of  the  con¬ 
denser  C,  and  coming  in  contact  with  the  finely  perforated  disk  F 
{made  of  wire  gauze  or  other  porous  substance),  is  minutely  sub¬ 
divided,  and  in  that  condition  passes  up  the  water,  until  it  is 
thoroughly  carbonated. 

Claim. — The  porous  distribution,  or  its  equivalent,  arranged  and 
operating  as  described. 


No.  12,489. — Newton  D.  Robins. — Improvement  in  the  Combination  of 
am  Air-Chamber,  Water-Cooler ,  and  Force-Pump y  in  Soda  Fountains. — 
Patented  March  6,  1855. — (Plates,  p.  100.) 

A1  A1  is  filled  with  ice-water  and  carbonate  of  soda,  and  the  desired 
-quantity  of  it  is  forced  in  the  air-chamber,  from  which  it  may  be  served 
by  faucet  k  into  tumblers. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  water-cooler,  the  air-chamber, 
the  force-pump,  the  connecting-pipes,  nor  the  making  of  soda-water 
with  chemicals  under  atmospheric  pressure ; 

But  I  claim  the  apparatus,  as  constructed,  of  a  combination  of  a 
water-cooler  A  A,  an  air-chamber  C  C  placed  within  A1  A1,  and 
force-pump  B  B,  and  made  to  operate  substantially  as  specified. 


No.  13,057. — William  Gee. — Improvement  in  Soda-Water  Generators. — 
Patented  June  12,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  100.) 

The  object  of  connecting  the  heads  be  by  a  single  bolt  d ,  which  at 
the  same  time  serves  as  a  shaft  for  the  agitator,  is  to  enable  a  person 


486 


IY. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


to  take  the  apparatus  apart,  clean  it,  and  set  it  to  work  again  in  a  lew 
minutes. 

Claim . — The  described  construction  of  a  soda-water  generator — 
that  is  to  say,  having  the  heads  connected  to  the  cylinder  by  a  single 
bolt,  which  shall  also  serve  as  a  shaft  for  the  agitator  to  revolve  upon, 
in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,846. — Hendrick  V.  Duryea,  assignor  to  the  Oswego  River 
Starch  Company.” — Improvement  in  Apparatus  for  Manufacturing 
Starch . — Patented  May  8,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  100.) 

The  starch-rake  2  is  placed  within  a  circular  tube  1,  which  rec  eives 
the  starch  in  solution.  The  rake  is  movable  up  and  down  on  the  up¬ 
right  shaft,  and  when  in  motion  revolves,  cutting  or  digging  the  starch 
to  fragments,  causing  it  readily  in  this  state,  by  application  of  water, 
to  be  redissolved,  so  that,  by  a  pump  or  otherwise,  it  can  be  transferred 
to  other  depositories. 

Claim  — The  construction  and  adaptation  of  the  rake  2,  furnished 
with  teeth  7,  and  hung  on  chains  6,  for  digging,  cutting  up,  and  loosen¬ 
ing  starch  deposites. 


No.  13,340. — Henry  Colgate. — Improvement  in  Slarcli-making . — Pat¬ 
ented  July  24,  18-55. 

One  hundred  pounds  of  refined  sugar  are  to  be  dissolved  in  sixty 
gallons  of  clear  cold  water,  and  to  be  mixed  with  the  starch,  just  after 
the  starch  is  separated  from  the  gluten  in  the  cisterns;  stirring  the 
solution  well  together  preparatory  to  boxing,  putting  the  compound  into 
boxes,  and  the  boxes  into  the  stoves,  and  drying,  as  in  the  usual  man¬ 
ner.  This  starch,  the  inventor  states,  imparts  to  the  linen  a  superior 
strength  and  appearance,  and  answers  better  for  culinary  purposes 
than  common  starch. 

Claim . — The  process  of  manufacturing  starch,  by  adding  to  it,  in 
the  process  of  making,  a  certain  amount  of  sugar,  in  the  manner  and 
for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


/ 

No.  12,852. — Francis  Bowman. — Improvement  in  Rosin  Stills. — Pat¬ 
ented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  100.) 

The  arrangement  of  tube  B  at  a  proper  distance  from  the  inside  of 
section  G,  is  to  insure  the  arrest  of  the  vapor  in  its  suspended,  state. 
F  in  connexion  with  B  both  being  covered  with  glass,  prevents  the 
pitch,  which  crawls  up  on  the  sides  of  the  still  by  the  action  of  heat, 
from  being  carried  over  and  mixing  with  the  vapor  in  the  condenser. 
The  bowl  C  prevents  the  pitch  which  is  forced  up  from  falling  from 
the  top  and  mixing  with  the  vapor  as  it  passes  over  into  tube  F,  thereby 
rendering  it  impure. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  arrangement  of  section  G  of -the  still  A,  by  insert¬ 
ing  the  metallic  tube  B,  and  section  of  a  tube  F  covered  with  glass 
inside  and  outside,  or  a  similar  tube  not  covered  with  glass,  projecting 
at  any  distance  from  the  inside  towards  the  centre  of  section  G. 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES.  487 

2d.  The  suspension  of  the  inverted  bowl  C,  covered  with  glass  in¬ 
side  and  outside. 

3d.  The  formation  of  ar^  arch  under  the  still  A,  designated  in  the 
drawing  by  letter  J,  constructed  of  fire-brick,  soapstone,  or  any  other 
substance,  to  prevent  the  fire  from  touching  the  bottom  of  the  still. 


No.  12,719. — Conrad  William  Finzel. — Improvement  in  Processes  for 

Melting  Sugar. — Patented  April  17,  1855.  Patented  in  England 

May  7,  1853.  (Plates,  p.  100.) 

By  melting  sugars  in  vacuo ,  the  inventor  states,  the  melting  takes 
place  at  a  much  lower  temperature  than  by  any  of  the  processes  now 
followed  ;  the  sugar  is  not  liable  to  damage  from  heat,  as  it  is  not  long 
in  contact  therewith ;  and  a  great  saving  of  fuel  and  time  is  effected. 

The  figure  represents  an  apparatus  adapted  to  the  purposes  of  this 
invention,  which,  however,  may  be  modified  in  various  ways.  A  is 
the  vacuum  pan,  B  the  coil  for  heating  the  pan,  C  the  test  apparatus, 
D  the  man-hole. 

Claim. — The  herein-described  improvement  in  refining  sugars;  that 
is  to  say,  melting  the  raw  sugar  in  a  vacuum  preparatory  to  the  further 
refining  thereof,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,203. — John  Aspinall. — Improvement  in  Apparatus  for  Draining 

Sugar . — Patented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  100.) 

The  sugar  is  deposited  from  hopper  E  on  to  the  endless  band  C. 
As  the  band  with  its  supply  of  sugar  passes  over  the  grating  covering 
the  chamber  A,  (from  which  the  air  is  exhausted,)  the  fluids  will  be 
separated  from  the  solid  parts  by  the  pressure  of  the  atmosphere,  and 
will  be  driven  into  the  chamber,  while  the  solid  parts  will  be  carried 
onwards  by  the  band. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  porous  carrier,  conveying  a  thin 
layer  of  the  sugar  to  be  drained,  with  the  exhausted  chamber,  having 
apertures  covered  by  the  carrier,  whereby  the  said  sugar  is  exposed  to 
atmospheric  pressure  while  passing  said  apertures,  in  the  manner  and 
for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,740. — Charles  E.  Bertrand. — Improvement  in  Sugar  Filters. — 

Patented  October  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  100.) 

Pipe  C  serves  for  the  introduction  of  the  solution  of  sugar  into  the 
filters  A  A1  A2,  pipe  F  F2  serves  for  the  admission  of  steam,  and 
L  L2  is  the  water-pipe.  The  filter  A,  being  charged  with  charcoal, 
is  then  heated  by  opening  steam-cock  F.  By  opening  the  supply-cocks 
D  and  I  of  the  pipe  B,  and  the  air-cock  U,  the  boiling  solution  of  sugar 
is  introduced  through  pipe  C  into  filter  A.  The  connection  of  filter  A 
with  filter  A1  is  now  established  by  the  connecting-pipe  and  stop-cock 
E  and  glass  tube  T;  consequently,  by  opening  cocks  K,  I1,  and  CJ1  upon 
filter  A1,  the  liquid  from  A  will  assume  its  level  in  A1,  after  having 


488 


IY. - CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


passed  through  the  filter  A.  When  sufficiently  filled,  the  cock  E1  in 
the  vertical  connecting-pipe  of  filter  A1  is  opened ;  and  the  filtration, 
after  having  passed  the  second  filter  and  the  sponge-filter  S,  will  find 
an  outlet  at  G1  into  channel  Id1  and  reservoirs  of  vacuum  apparatus. 

The  two  filters  A  and  A1,  thus  started,  usually  work  but  a  certain  length 
■of  time  without  interruption,  as  the  sediments  and  fibrous  matters  con¬ 
tained  in  the  solution  of  the  raw  sugar  will  soon  accumulate  and  firmly 
settle  upon  the  upper  strainer  in  filter  A.  It  then  becomes  necessary 
to  remove  such  impediments,  and  this  is  effected  simply  by  shutting 
off  the  supply  at  D,  and  by  admitting  steam  through  the  cock  F  upon 
the  surface  of  the  solution  in  filter  A,  sufficiently  long  to  force  it  about 
twelve  inches  below  the  strainer  R,  when  the  condensed  water  will 
free  itself  and  float  a  few  inches  above  the  liquid.  This  being  done, 
a  reaction  from  filter  A1  is  produced  upon  filter  A — that  is  to  say,  from 
the  bottom  to  its  top — by  opening  the  steam-cock  F1  and  the  cock  K 
upon  filter  A1;  also  the  connecting- cock  E,  with  the  air-cock  V,  upon 
filter  A,  the  supply-cocks  DSL1,!1,  and  G  G1,  having  been  shut  again. 
The  pressure  of  steam  through  pipe  E  will  now  force  the  solution  up¬ 
wards  in  A,  and  all  the  sediments  floating  on  its  upper  surface  are 
removed  by  flowing  off  freely  through  the  open  cock  U.  Upon  the 
reappearance  of  a  clear  and  bright  color  of  the  solution,  the  backward 
action  of  the  filter  A1  is  discontinued  by  the  closing  of  F1  and  V,  and 
the  forward  and  direct  acting  filtration  again  takes  place  by  the  reopen¬ 
ing  of  the  cock  I1.  If  the  power  and  the  properties  of  the  charcoal 
are  completely  exhausted,  and  the  color  of  the  liquid  in  the  glass  tubes 
T  and  T1,  etc.,  indicates  its  perfect  saturation,  the  supply-cock  D  is 
again  closed,  the  cock  L  from  the  water-pipe  opened,  and  the  residue 
of  the  solution,  by  the  aid  of  water  and  steam  from  the  cock  F,  is 
fully  unsweetened  and  washed  out ;  finally  it  is  carried  off’  through  M 
and  pipe  N  for  further  preparations.  Filter  A  is  then  emptied  at  Q, 
and  recharged  with  a  fresh  supply  of  charcoal  through  the  man-hole 
P,  whilst,  by  bringing  the  filter  A2  in  a  similar  relation  to  A1,  the  same 
communications  as  already  described  are  now  established  between  A1 
and  A2,  and  the  process  of  filtration  is  thus  carried  on  without  inter¬ 
ruption.  Again,  when  A1  is  to  be  renewed,  the  cock  K 2  upon  A,  and 
the  connecting-pipes  E2,  combine  the  filter  A2  with  A ;  and  the  work 
is  performed  between  the  first  and  the  third  filter  in  a  forward  or  back¬ 
ward  direction,  with  an  upward  and  downward  pressure,  and  in  pre¬ 
cisely  the  same  manner  as  already  described  and  set  forth. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  a  series  or  system  of  three  or  more 
filters  with  the  described  and  specified  arrangement  of  steam,  water, 
and  saccharine  juice  pipes  and  their  appurtenances,  admitting  of  a  con¬ 
tinuous  circulating  motion  of  the  liquid  to  be  filtered  from  one  filter  into 
any  of  the  others,  until  a  clear  and  fair  filtration  is  obtained;  and  also 
admitting  of  the  working  of  the  filters  backward  and  forward  at  pleas¬ 
ure,  either  from  the  top  to  the  bottom,  or  in  the  opposite  direction,  for 
the  purpose  of  partially  reviving  the  purifying  properties  of  the  char¬ 
coal  until  fully  exhausted,  as  set  forth. 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


489 


No.  12,369. — L.  Woodbury  Fiske. — Improvement  in  Working  Liming 

Vats  in  Tanneries. — Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  101.) 

The  object  of  this  improvement  is  to  render  the  process  of  tanning 
more  rapid,  to  cause  the  hides  to  come  from  the  vats  more  free  from  lime 
in  the  pores  than  hitherto,  at  the  same  time,  by  preventing  the  forming  of 
the  pellicle  on  the  surface  of  the  liquid  in  the  vats,  the  deposit  of  car¬ 
bonate  of  lime,  and  consequent  loss  of  strength. 

Four  staples  F  are  fastened  on  the  tops  of  the  vats  ;  and  bars  D  and 
wedges  E,  which  are  passed  under  and  through  said  staples,  and  over 
the  vat-cover  B,  serve  to  press  the  cover  tightly  down  on  the  top  of  the 
vat. 

I  claim  using  a  close  covering  for  liming  and  unhairing-vats,  in  the 
manner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,010. — Samuel  T.  McDougall. — Improvement  in  Hydro-Carbon 

Vapor  Apparatus . — Patented  June  5,  1855.  (Plates,  p,  101.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  consists  in  constructing  the  gas-gen¬ 
erator  A  with  an  air-chamber  around  it,  said  chamber  connecting  at  the 
top  with  a  pipe  surrounding  the  gas-pipes,  and  extending  as  far  as  the 
gas-pipes  are  exposed  to  the  action  of  cold,  so  as  to  convey  a  current 
of  hot  air  around  the  gas  pipes  to  prevent  condensing. 

Claim. — The  double  gas-pipe  C  for  conveying  hot  air  or  steam  around 
the  pipes  to  prevent  condensing,  or  any  other  substantially  the  same, 
and  which  will  produce  the  intended  effect. 


No.  13,657. — Robert  Rowland. — Improvement  in  the  Mutual  Arrange¬ 
ment  of  Vinegar  Rooms  and  White-Lead  Corroding  Chambers. — Pat¬ 
ented  October  9,  1855. 

Claim. — Arranging  the  room  wherein  the  metallic  lead  is  placed  im¬ 
mediately  above  the  room  wherein  the  manufacturing  of  vinegar  is 
going  on,  and  perforating  the  floor  between  the  two  rooms,  so  that  the 
acetic  acid,  which  is  generated  in  the  manufacturing  of  vinegar,  may 
pass  from  the  lower  room  through  said  perforations  into  the  upper  rooms, 
and  there,  in  combination  with  carbonic  acid  produced  in  the  upper 
room  by  the  fermentation  of  wort  or  other  similar  substances,  (or  intro¬ 
duced  into  the  upper  room  by  pipes,)  act  upon  the  metallic  lead  for  the 
purpose  of  converting  the  metallic  lead  into  the  carbonate  of  lead. 


No.  12,333. — Jonathan  G.  Trotter. — Improvement  in  the  Construction 
of  Furnaces  for  Zinc-White. — Patented  January  30,  1855.  (Plates, 

p.  101.) 

Claim. — The  manufacture  of  white  oxide  of  zinc,  whether  from  native 
ores  or  metals,  the  use  of  the  atmospheric  air  supply-pipe  L,  flues  M 
M,  heating  chambers  H  H  and  J,  and  series  of  apertures  h  h  in  the  sides 
thereof,  or  substantially  like  parts,  for  the  purpose  of  conveying  into  the 


490 


IV. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


oven  a  great  number  of  infinitely  small  jets  or  blasts  of  heated  atmos¬ 
pheric  air,  (independent  of  the  blast  of  atmospheric  air  supplied  through 
the  ash-pit  of  the  furnace  to  support  combustion,)  lor  the  purpose  of 
more  thoroughly  consuming  the  gases  from  the  ore  and  carbon. 


No.  12,418. — Samuel  Wetherill. — Improvement  in  Apparatus  for  Sepa¬ 
rating  Zinc-White. — Patented  February  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  191.) 

The  gases,  as  they  escape  with  solid  impurities  from  the  furnace,  are 
carried  by  a  blowing  or  exhausting-apparatus  p  upwards,  through  a, 
high  chamber  or  series  of  high  chambers  h  c  g,  the  height  of  which  is 
such,  relatively  to  the  force  of  the  current,  that  the  oxyd  of  zinc  will 
be  carried  to  the  escape  at  the  top,  whilst  the  solid  impurities,  by 
reason  of  their  greater  specific  gravity,  will  be  left  behind,  and  finally 
subside.  The  improvement  also  consists  in  partially  cooling  the  white 
oxyd  and  gases  during  the  process  of  separation,  by  causing  currents 
of  air  to  pass  through  hollow  spaces  h  l  in  the  surrounding  walls.  The 
white  oxyd  and  gases  are  finally  cooled  by  currents  of  air  induced  to 
enter  through  apertures  it  in  the  lower  part  of  the  cooling-chamber  s, 
by  forcing  the  gases  into  the  said  chamber  obliquely  upwards  towards 
the  roof  t  of  the  cooling-chamber,  which  induces  a  partial  vacuum  in 
the  lower  portion  of  the  chamber,  that  atmospheric  air  may  enter  by 
atmospheric  pressure. 

Claim. — The  combination  ol  the  chambers  e  g  and  s,  or  their  equiva¬ 
lents,  arranged  and  operating  as  set  forth  ;  also,  the  method  of  effecting 
the  partial  cooling  of  the  white  oxyd  ot  zinc  and  gases,  before  they 
reach  the  final  cooling-chamber,  by  currents  of  air  passing  through  the 
hollow  spaces  in  the  surrounding  walls,  substantially  as  and  for  the 
purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,613. — SMiTHGARDNER,assignortoEDWARD  Kellogg. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  the  Manufacture  oj  Zinc-White. — Patented  March  27,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  101.) 

This  operation  is  as  follows :  A  coal-fire  is  made  in  the  fire-chamber 
f  valve  v  in  pipep  being  closed,  and  the  damper  on  top  ot  the  chimney 
z  open  ;  thus,  the  sulphurous  and  other  impure  gases  evolved  in  the 
combustion  of  coal  are  driven  off.  When  all  these  gases  are  expelled 
I  he  said  damper  is  closed,  and  valve  v  opened  ;  the  oven  is  charged 
w  th  spelter,  which  is  there  vaporized  without  being  oxydized,  as  the 
atmosphere  is  excluded  therefrom  ;  the  vapor  thus  formed  passes  off 
through  openings  e  into  the  oxydizmg- chamber  x,  where  it  meets  a  cur¬ 
rent  of  heated  atmospheric  air,  which,  by  means  of  a  fan-blower,  is 
driven  in  through  pipe  h  and  holes  i ,  with  which  it  intermingles,  and  at 
which  point  the  vaporized  zinc  receives  its  proper  charge  of  oxygen, 
and  the  oxyd  thus  formed  passes  through  pipe  p,  and  is  drawn  into  the 
fan-blower  and  into  a  receiving-chamber  ol  the  usual  construction. . 

Claim. — The  construction  of  the  fire- chamber,  the.  vaporizing 
chamber  or  oven,  and  the  oxydizing  chamber,  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed. 


IY. — CHEMICAL  PROCESSES. 


491 


No.  13,416. — John  E.  Burrows. — Improvement  in  Mailing  Zinc-White * 

Patented  August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  101.) 

The  air  is  forced  by  means  of  a  bellows  into  the  air-chamber 
underneath  the  grate  F,  and  hence  passes  up  through  the  perforations 
of  the  grate.  The  perforated  grate-bars  serve  to  diffuse  the  air  more 
evenly  than  could  be  done  with  solid  grate  bars.  Thus  the  combustion 
of  the  fuel  is  more  perfectly  promoted,  and  the  zinc  liberated  in  the 
form  of  vapor,  which,  by  contact  with  the  atmospheric  air,  is  condensed 
into  white  oxyd  of  zinc,  and  drawn  off  from  the  top  of  the  furnace  by 
an  exhausting  apparatus. 

Claim. — The  manufacture  of  white  oxyd  of  zinc  from  ores  of  zinc  or 
franklinite,  prepared,  substantially  as  set  forth,  by  means  of  a  furnace 
having  perforated  grate-bars,  and  an  air-chamber  underneath  them,  in 
which  hot  or  cold  blasts  of  air  are  forced  to  unite  with  the  ignited  mass 
of  fuel  in  a  diffused  state,  by  passing  through  the  perforations  of  the 
grate-bars  to  liberate  the  zinc  in  the  form  of  vapor,  in  manner  of  con¬ 
struction  and  mode  of  operation  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,431. — Samuel  T.  Jones. — Improvement  in  Mailing  Zinc-White. 

Patented  August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  107.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engraving,  where  g  g  g  represent  three  of  the  grate-bars. 

Claim. — The  manufacture  of  white  oxyd  of  zinc  from  ores  of  zinc 
or  franklinite  by  means  of  a  furnace  having  perforated  grate-bars,  and 
an  air-chamber  underneath  them,  in  which  hot  or  cold  blasts  of  air 
are  forced  to  unite  with  the  ignited  mass  of  fuel  in  a  diffused  state  by 
passing  through  the  perforations  of  the  grate-bars,  to  liberate  the  zinc 
in  the  form  of  vapor,  in  manner  of  construction  and  mode  of  operation 
substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,806. — Samuel  Wetherill. — Improvement  in  Processes  for  Mak¬ 
ing  Zinc- White. — Patented  November  13,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  101.) 

The  bars  of  the  grate  b  are  perforated  wTith  holes  sufficiently  small 
to  prevent  the  crushed  ore  and  coal  from  falling  through,  and  still  allow 
the  air  which  comes  from  the  blast-pipe  f  to  pass  through  said  holes 
and  into  furnace  a. 

A  fire  is  first  made  in  a  thin  layer  well  spread  over  the  entire  bed, 
and,  when  kindled,  the  charge  of  mixed  ore  and  coal  (two  thousand 
pounds  of  pulverized  ore,  such  as  red  oxyd  of  zinc,  and  about  five 
hundred  pounds  of  fine  anthracite  coal,  known  as  pe?~-coal)  is  put  on 
and  spread  evenly  over  the  fire  to  the  depth  of  about  three  inches. 
The  passages  s,  through  which  the  ore  has  been  fed  in,  are  then  closed, 
and  the  chimney -hole  k  is  opened.  As  soon  as  the  gases  appear  of  a 
pale-green  color,  which  indicates  that  the  charge  is  giving  off  vapors 
of  zinc,  the  aperture  h  is  closed,  and  the  one  leading  to  the  collecting 
apparatus  opened. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  construction,  or  application  of 


t 


492  Y. — CALORIFICS. 

V 

the  furnace  so  constructed  to  the  working  of  the  ores  of  zinc,  for  the 
production  of  the  white  oxyd  of  zinc,  as  it  is  my  intention  to  make  such 
claim  in  another  application  for  letters  patent.  Nor  do  I  limit  my  claim 
to  the  working  of  my  improved  process  in  a  furnace  of  the  special  con¬ 
struction  specified,  having  simply  described  the  construction  of  the  fur¬ 
nace  as  the  one  in  which  I  have  successfully  worked  my  said  process. 

I  claim  the  process  of  producing  the  white  oxyd  of  zinc  from  the 
ore  of  that  metal  by  the  direct  application  of  the  fuel  to  the  ore,  in  the 
crushed  state  and  in  admixture  therewith,  in  combination  with  a  blast 
of  atmospheric  air,  introduced  in  numerous  small  jets  to  the  charge  of 
mixed  ore  and  coal  in  a  thin  layer,  substantially  as  specified. 


V . — C  ALORIFICS. 


No.  12,409. — Yarnall  Bailey. — Improvement  in  Fluid  Burners. — Pat¬ 
ented  February  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  102.) 

The  inventor  says:  I  am  aware  that  heaters  have  been  applied  to 
lamps,  in  contact  with  the  flame,  for  similar  purposes,  heretofore  ;  there¬ 
fore,  I  do  not  claim  the  idea  or  invention  of  generating  the  vapor  by  use 
of  heaters  arranged  in  contact  with  the  flame  of  lamps  or  gas-burners. 

But  I  claim  the  construction  and  arrangement  of  the  heaters  I)  D  , 
in  combination  with  the  generator  B,  for  the  purpose  set  forth  substan- 
stially  as  described.  (See  engraving.) 


No.  12,936. — Abraham  Gesner,  assignor  to  “The  Asphalte  Mi¬ 
ning-  and  Kerosene  Gas  Company,”  assignors  to  said  Gesner,  and 
by  said  Gesner  to  the  “  North  American  Kerosene  Gas-Light 
Company.” — Imvrovement  in  Burning  Fluids. — Patented  May  22, 
1855. 

The  inventor  says,  in  his  specification  :  I  take  what  (in  a  contempo¬ 
raneous  application  for  letters  patent)  I  denominate  the  A  Kerosene 
and  B  Kerosene,  and  mix  as  much  of  either  with  the  alcohol  as  the 
latter  will  dissolve.  This  mixture  will  burn  in  a  proper  lamp  without 
smoke. 

Claim. — As  a  new  manufacture  or  composition  of  matter,  the  burn¬ 
ing  fluid,  composed  of  alcohol  and  A  Kerosene,  as  herein  specified. 

\ 


No.  12,987. — Abraham  Gesner,  assignor  to  the  “North  American 
Kerosene  Gas  Light  Co.” — Improvement  in  Burning-Fluid  Com¬ 
pounds. — Patented  May  29,  1855. 

The  inventor  mixes  what  (in  letters  patent  previously  granted)  he 
denominates  B  Kerosene  with  as  much  alcohol  as  will  suffice  to 
dissolve  the  B  Kerosene.  Twenty-five  parts  of  the  B  Kerosene  re- 


V. — CALORIFICS.  493 

quires  seventy-five  parts  of  alcohol  (of  specific  gravity  844,  at  a  tem¬ 
perature  of  60°  Fahrenheit)  to  dissolve  it. 

Claim. — As  a  new  manufacture  or  composition  of  matter,  the  burning 
fluid  composed  of  alcfthol  and  B  Kerosene,  as  specified. 


No.  13,450. — C.  W.  Blakeslee. — Improvement  in  Candlesticks. — Pa¬ 
tented  August  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  102.) 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  forming  the  body  and  base  of  the 
candlestick  of  ware,  neither  do  I  claim  a  spring  lamp  or  socket  in  itself 
considered,  or  independently  of  the  mode  of  constructing  or  firming 
the  same  as  shown  ;  for  they  have  been  previously  used. 

I  claim  extending  the  wires  of  the  body  of  the  candlestick  through  a 
disk-shaped  plate  B,  substantially  as  shown,  for  the  purpose  of  form¬ 
ing  a  spring  socket  for  the  reception  of  the  candle,  as  described. 


No.  13,452. — Wm.  Burnet. — Improvement  in  Sealing  Cans . — Patented 

August  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  102.) 

b  is  a  wire  inserted  transversely  through  and  soldered  to  the  cap, 
with  its  end  protruding  at  bl  to  form  lugs  to  catch  under  the  flange  c 
of  the  head,  in  which  are  made  notches  d  d  for  the  said  lugs  to'  pass 
through.  When  the  cap  is  applied  to  the  can  A,  there  is  left  a  channel 
a ,  which  is  then  filled  up  with  the  sealing  composition. 

Claim . — The  use  of  a  clamp-cap  B,  constructed  substantially  as 
described,  for  the  purpose  of  closing  the  opening  in  the  can,  between 
the  filling  and  the  final  sealing  thereof. 


No.  13,660. — Wm.  Mt.  Storm. — Improvement  in  Applying  Fire-Extin¬ 
guishing  Cartridges. — Patented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  102.) 

x  are  the  cartridges  in  the  revolving-chamber  E  ;  K  is  the  fire-slug 
in  the  bore  C1  of  the  gun;  the  base  of  the  slug  is  protected  by  a  thick 
pasteboard  sole  L1.  The  slug  is  composed  of  nitrate  of  soda  three 
parts,  sulphur  two  parts,  charcoal  one  part.  In  the  centre  of  the  slug 
is  Left  a  tubular  opening,  into  which  is  inserted  a  quick-fuse  M,  which 
will  be  ignited  by  the  fire,  and  wall  in  turn  ignite  the  slug.  These 
slugs  can  be  thrown  from  the  gun  into  or  over  the  highest  building. 

The  inventor  says :  I  claim  simply  the  plan  of  projecting  into  the 
flames,  with  precision  and  penetrating  force,  by  means  of  an  apparatus- 
or  gun  purposely  adapted,  and  by  means  of  a  projectile  power,  inde¬ 
pendently  and  separately  generated  the  fire-extinguishing  gas-generat¬ 
ing  solid  itself,  in  the  concentrated  and  properly-adapted  form,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described ;  and  -in  moderate,  distinct,  and  rapidly-inter- 
mittent  masses,  as  explained  :  whereby  the  gas  is  generated  apart  from 
the  machine  and  wdthin  the  source  of  the  fire.  By  all  of  which  I 
attain  the  many  points  of  increased  efficiency  and  convenience  of 
operation  set  forth. 


4.94 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


No.  12,404. — Geo.  B.  Clarke. — Improvement  in  Chimney-Safes. — 

Patented  February  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  102.) 

The  receiver  C  serves  to  hold  water  which,  from  rain  or  condensed 
smoke,  may  run  down  inside  the  smoke-box  B.  The  water  may  be 
drawn  off  at  the  faucet  c.  The  box  is  set  in  the  chimney  so  that  its 
flanges  h  reach  a  little  outside  the  brick,  and  little  holes  a  are  made 
.through  the  mortar  close  to  said  flanges.  Thus  the  water  which  runs 
down  outside  will  also  run  into  the  receiver  C.  If,  in  case  of  fire,  it 
is  necessary  to  stop  the  draught  of  the  chimney,  the  dampers  E1  are 
closed  down,  there  being  a  door  in  the  front  part  of  the  box  B,  which 
can  be  opened  and  shut.  D  are  the  stove-pipes. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  a  narrow  frame-piece,  having 
a  damper  or  valve,  has  before  been  fitted  in  the  chimney  above  the 
point  of  entry  of  the  smoke,  to  regulate  the  draught  and  aid  in  extin¬ 
guishing  fire  in  the  chimney ;  such,  therefore,  I  do  not  claim. 

I  am  also  aware  that  locomotive-engine  chimneys  have  been  pro¬ 
vided  with  water-vessels  or  tanks  to  extinguish  sparks  carried  up  by 
the  draught;  this,  therefore,  also  separately  considered,  I  do  not  claim. 

But  I  claim  the  smoke-box  or  chamber  arranged  in  the  chimney,  as 
described,  and  having  dampers  E1  above,  and  a  conical  or  other 
equivalently-shaped  receiver  C  below  the  point  or  points  of  entry  of 
the  smoke,  as  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,520. — Mortimer  M.  Camp. — Improved  Chimney  Stack  or  Cap.~— 

Patented  September  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  102.) 

An  enclosed  space  is  formed  between  A  and  B,  so  that  the  cold  air 
on  the  outside  wall  not  condense  the  smoke  before  it  arrives  at  the 
orifice  a.  The  inventor  says  in  his  specification  :  The  interposition  of 
the  disc  D  will  cause  the  wind,  when  deflected  by  the  curved  surfaces, 
to  carry  the  smoke  with  it,  upward  or  downward,  causing  a  partial 
vacuum  at  the  orifice  a ,  and  thereby  increasing  the  draught  of  the 
chimney. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  either  of  the  parts  as  such,  nor 
any  two  of  them  combined;  but  I  claim  the  combination  of  the  three 
parts  A  C  D,  when  constructed,  arranged,  and  combined  as  described. 


\ 

No.  13,620. — Benjamin  Franklin  Miller. — Improved  Chimney  Stack. — 

Patented  October  2,  1855.  (Plates,  page  102.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engraving. 

The  inventor  says:  I  claim  constructing  and  placing  a  solid  or  hollow 
cone,  or  a  pyramid,  in  the  mouth  of  a  funnel  or  smoke-stack,  with  its 
apex  upwards,  or  pointing  outwards  from  the  mouth  of  said  chimney 
or  pipe,  in  combination  with  the  surrounding  shield,  furnished  with 
flanches,  as  described,  constructed  and  located  substantially  as  set 
forth. 


Y. — CALORIFICS. 


495 


I  do  not  claim  as  new,  or  as  my  invention,  the  conical  shield,  or  the 
conical  band  and  circular  flanch  described,  they  having  been  already 
applied  or  placed  at  the  top  of  smoke-pipes,  for  the  purpose  of  venti¬ 
lation.  I  do  not  claim  placing  a  single  cone,  with  its  apex  pointing 
inwards,  in  the  smoke-pipe  or  chimney,  as  new  and  first  invented 
by  me. 


No.  13,772. — John  W.  Davies. — Chimney  Cap. — Patented  November 

6,  1855.  (Plates,  page  102.) 

The  object  of  this  construction  is  to  prevent  the  smoke  from  being 
forced  down  the  chimney  by  high  winds. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claims  the  cone,  or  the  other  parts,  sep¬ 
arately  considered;  but  1  claim  the  combination  of  the  cap  E  and  the 
cone  D  with  the  tube  A,  arranged  substantially  as  described,  and  for 
the  purposes  specified. 


No.  12,480. — George  Martz. — Improved  Coal-Screen. — Patented 

March  6,  1855.  (Plates,  page  102.) 

The  conical  screen  h  receives  the  coal  to  be  screened  at  its  rear  end, 
and  allows  all  but  the  coarsest  portion  thereof  to  pass  through  its 
meshes  into  the  rearward  discharging  screen,  while  it  conducts  the  said 
coarsest  portion  of  the  coal  forwards,  and  discharges  the  same  at  its 
mouth. 

Claim. — The  improvement  in  coal  screens  by  which  the  coarsest  coal 
is  separated  from  the  finer  sorts,  and  discharged  at  the  mouth  of  the 
screen,  whilst  the  finer  sorts  of  coal  are  carried  forwards,  and  sepa¬ 
rated  the  one  from  the  other,  in  the  usual  manner. 


No.  13,083. — James  P.  Fennell. — Improved  Coal-Screen. — Patented 
June  19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  102.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings.  G  and  H  are  the  doors  referred  to  in  the  claim. 
B  is  the  revolving  cylindrical  coal-screen. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  a  rotating  screen  in  a  tight  box 
with  a  single  drawer,  which  was  used  in  common  for  the  ashes  and 
coal  both,  has  been  used.  This  1  do  not  claim. 

But  I  claim  a  portable  coal-screen,  composed  of  a  tight  box,  within 
which  are  arranged  a  rotating  screen  and  two  drawers,  the  openings 
into  which  box  are  provided  wdth  doors,  so  that  the  box  shall  remain 
tight  when  either  or  both  the  drawers  are  taken  out,  as  described. 

No.  13,699. — John  ,B.  Creemer. — Improvement  in  Coal-Sifters . 
Patented  October  23,  IS 55.  (Plates,  p.  102.) 

The  wire-cloth  in  a  prismatic  form  is  fastened  between  two  plates 
K  and  H,  through  which  an  axle  A  passes,  provided  with  a  crank. 


496 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


The  feet  I  serve  the  apparatus  to  stand  upon  when  being  tilled  with 
coal,  for  which  purpose  the  plate  K  is  provided  with  a  lid,  so  that 
the  apparatus  can  be  opened  when  placed  upright  ready  for  filling. 
When  filled,  the  lid  is  closed,  and  the  apparatus  placed  within  box  S, 
the  ends  of  the  axle  resting  on  bearings  B  B.  It  can  then  be  revolved 
by  means  of  the  handle,  so  as  to  sift  the  ashes  through. 

Claim. — The  dish  H  and  feet  I,  in  combination  with  the  screen, 
operating  as  described,  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,S31. — Gerard  Sickels. — Improvement  in  Coal-Sifters. — Patented 

Nov.  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  102.) 

The  dust  passes  through  grate  B  into  space  A1,  whereas  the  sifted 
coals  pass  down  into  space  A2. 

Claim. — The  peculiar  manner  of  dividing  the  cylinder  at  A1  A2,  for 
the  purpose  of  furnishing  a  receptacle  for  the  separated  coal,  substan¬ 
tially  as  described. 


No.  12,167. — Russell  S.  Morse. — Improvement  in  Fruit-Dryers. — 

Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  102.) 

When  the  dryer  is  spread  out  (see  fig.  1)  in  the  open  air  for  use,  the 
fruit  is  placed  upon  the  trays  A ;  and  in  the  evening,  or  previous  to  a 
shower,  the  dryer  is  folded  up  and  protected  by  its  roof  B.  (See  figs. 
2  and  3.) 

Claim. — Constructing  a  portable  fruit- dryer  of  a  series  of  trays  and 
a  protecting  roof,  united  to  each  other  by  hinging-bars,  substantially  as 
herein  set  forth. 


% 

No.  12,922. — Thomas  F.  Rowland,  James  Stephens,  and  William 

PI.  Mason. — Improved  Apparatus  for  Drying  Grain. — Patented  May 

22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  103.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claims 
and  engravings. 

The  inventors  say  :  We  do  not  confine  ourselves  to  the  use  of  steam 
for  heating,  as  hot  water  may  be  made  to  circulate  through  the  ap¬ 
paratus,  instead  of  steam.  Nor  do  we  wish  to  be  understood  as  con¬ 
fining  ourselves  to  the  special  form  or  construction  herein  specified,  so 
long  as  the  same  results  are  attained  by  equivalent  means. 

But  we  do  claim  :  1st.  The  heating-tubes,  substantially  as  herein 
specified,  in  combination  with  the  hopper,  as  specified,  for  partially 
heating  the  grain  or  other  substance  as  it  passes  to  the  kiln.  Also, 
in  combination  with  the  series  of  perforated  or  wire-gauze  shaking- 
pans,  the  surrounding  double  metallic  casing,  the  opposite  sides  of 
which  are  connected  by  horizontal  tubes  passing  under  the  pans,  and 
connected  with  a  steam-boiler,  for  the  circulation  of  hot  water  or  steam 
through  the  whole  casing  and  connecting-tubes,  substantially  as  speci¬ 
fied,  the  said  double  casing  being  surrounded  by  masonry  as  specified  ; 
the  said  combination  being  for  the  purpose  of  more  effectually  and 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


497 


economically  drying  grain  or  other  substances,  without  the  danger  ot 
scorching  or  overheating  it,  and  to  avoid  the  condensation  of  the  vapors 
evolved  from  the  grain  or  other  substance,  which,  if  permitted  to  take 
place  within  the  kiln,  not  only  remoistens  the  grain,  but  is  otherwise 
injurious.  And  also  in  combination  with  a  kiln,  consisting  of  the 
double  casing  connected  with  a  steam-boiler,  and  surrounding  the  per¬ 
forated  or  wire-gauze  shaking-pans,  substantially  as  specified,  the 
employment  of  a  blast  of  heated  air  introduced  at  the  bottom,  and 
forced  to  pass  upwards  through  the  kiln  and  through  the  perforations 
in  the  pans^  and  to  escape  at  top,  substantially  as  specified,  for  the 
purpose  of  driving  off  the  moisture  and  vapors  evolved  from  the  grain 
or  other  substance,  as  specified. 


No.  13,832. — Geo.  H.  Thomas. — Improved  Method  of  Inserting  Tubes  in 

Evaporating- Pans,  fyc. — Patented  November  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 

103.) 

The  clamps  d  can  be  drawn  together  by  means  of  the  screw-rods  f 
passing  through  the  hubs  of  said  clamps,  so  as  to  compress  the  elastic 
packing -rings  e  against  the  outer  surface  of  the  tube-sheets  and  the  ends 
of  the  tubes.  The  clamps  are  perforated  at  i  i ,  so  as  to  afford  space 
for  the  passage  of  gases  or  liquids. 

These  tubes  can  be  readily  taken  out  and  re-inserted  for  cleaning  or 
repairing,  and  firmly  secured  with  tight  joints. 

Claim. — The  method  of  securing  tubes  a  to  tube-sheets  b ,  by  making 
the  tubes  without  projections  on  the  surface,  that  they  may  be  inserted 
directly  through  holes  in  the  tube-sheets,  substantially  as  described,  in 
combination  with  clamps  at  the  ends  with  interposed  elastic  packing, 
bearing  against  the  ends  of  the  tubes,  and  overlapping  the  joints,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  13,100. — David  Pollock  and  James  R.  Pollock. — Fan-Blower. — 

Patented  June  19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  103.) 

D  are  the  wings  of  the  fan,  and  B  its  perforated  shaft. 

The  inventor  says :  Though  we  do  not  of  itself  claim  the  employ¬ 
ment  of  a  hollow  shaft,  we  claim  making  the  shaft  hollow  with  open 
ends,  and  with  apertures  g  g  in  the  sides  within  the  blower-casing,  as 
set  forth,  for  the  purpose  of  inducing  a  current  of  air  through  the  shaft 
to  keep  it  cool,  and,  at  the  same  time,  to  increase  the  supply  to  the 
fan. 

2d.  We  claim  making  the  pulley  F,  which  receives  the  driving-belt, 
hollow,  with  closed  ends  and  a  perforated  face,  and  providing  openings 
from  its  interior  into  the  shaft,  as  set  forth,  for  the  purpose  of  causing 
the  displacement  of  the  air  between  the  belt  and  the  face  of  the  pulley, 
and,  at  the  same  time,  increasing  the  supply  to  the  fan. 


32 


498 


Y. — CALORIFICS. 


No.  13,260. — Jos.  C.  GARTLEYand  Jacob  Fox. — Fan-Blower. — Patented 

July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  103.) 

D  is  the  hub  of  the  blowing-wheel,  shaped  like  the  frustrum  of  a 
cone,  which  is  fastened  on  the  shaft  G  ;  on  the  hub  are  fastened  the 
screw-strapped  blades  E,the  outsides  of  which  blades  are  secured  to  an 
enclosing  circular  casing  C. 

The  inventors  say  :  We  claim,  where  an  ordinary  parallel  hub  is  used, 
a  circular  plate,  or  pieces  of  plate,  fastened  to  the  hub  and  blades  E  of 
blowing-wheel,  enclosing  the  greater  portion  of  the  side  of  blowing-wheel 
towards  the  side  K,  to  answer  the  same  purpose  for  which  the  larger 
portion  of  the  conical  hub  is  intended,  which  is  to  prevent  a  central  re¬ 
acting  current  after  it  has  passed  through  the  blowing-wheel. 

2d.  The  combination  and  arrangement  of  fan-blower,  as  described. 
We  do  not  claim  the  parts  described  separately,  but  we  claim  the  com¬ 
bination,  in  the  manner  set  forth  or  shown,  for  the  purposes  named. 


No.  13,346. — Simon  Barnhart. — Fan-Blower . — Patented  July  31, 

1855.  (Plates,  p.  103.) 

Each  of  the  blades  F  is  made  with  a  flange  b  on  one  of  its  sides,  said 
flange  being  at  right-angles  with  the  blade  from  the  tip  to  about  the 
centre  of  the  same,  and  therefrom  is  bent  down  and  made  to  extend 
obliquely  outward,  in  such  a  manner  that  a  small  spiral  wing  c  is 
formed  on  each  blade,  which  extends  outside  the  case  through  the  inlet 
air-passage  B  of  the  same,  and,  ^s  the  fan  revolves,  collects  and  forces 
an  additional  quantity  of  air  into  the  case. 

Claim. — Providing  each  of  the  blades  of  the  fan  with  a  lip  or  flange 
b  c,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,859.— Nathaniel  Waterman. — Improvement  in  Feet- Warmers. 

— Patented  November  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  103.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engraving. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  hot  water  has  been  used  for  heating 
a  toot-warmer,  and  that  foot-warmers  have  been  cushioned  or  covered 
with  carpet,  &c. ;  this  I  do  not  claim. 

But  I  claim ,  placing  the  hot-water  vessel  A  within  a  case  D  made 
of  wood,  except  on  that  side  on  which  the  feet  are  to  rest,  which  side 
is  made  of  thin  sheet-metal  a ,  and  cushioned  and  covered  (see  F)  as 
set  forth,  the  whole  being  lor  the  purpose  of  retaining  the  heat  longer 
and  giving  it  out  more  regularly  to  the  feet,  as  described. 


No.  13,871. — Henry  F orncrook. — Improvement  in  Feet-  Warmers. — Pat¬ 
ented  December  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  103  ) 

Fig.  1  represents  the  inner  box  A  inserted  into  the  outer  boxD.  This 
apparatus  is  strong  on  account  of  the  corrugated  surface  of  the  inner 


y. — CALORIFICS.  499 

box;  and  the  space  between  the  corrugations  will  serve  as  a  hot-air 
chamber,  the  interior  of  the  inner  box  being  filled  with  hot  water. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  angular  supports  C  upon  the  inner 
box,  thereby  providing  the  foot-warmer  with  a  hot-air  chamber ;  also, 
with  substantial  supports  for  the  outer  box,  in  the  manner  described, 
for  the  purposes  specified.- 


No.  12,773. — John  R.  Adams. — Fire-Engine. — Patented  May  1,  185-5. 

(Plates,  p.  103.) 

A  number  of  cylinders  B  are  placed  radially  in  a  circular  band  A, 
said  band  being  encompassed  by  a  ring  I  and  cam  J,  which  ring  and 
cam  are  allowed  to  work  loosely  around  band  A.  The  cylinders  are 
provided  with  the  usual  pistons  and  valves,  and  the  pistons  G  are  ope¬ 
rated  by  rotating  the  cam,  the  piston-rods  having  rollers  e  attached  to 
their  outer  ends,  fitting  in  the  groove  d  of  the  cam.  By  turning  the  cam 
continually  in  one  direction,  the  power  (either  men  or  horse-power) 
applied  at  arms  K  acts  continually  upon  the  pistons. 

Claim. — Having  the  cylinder  B  placed  radially  in  a  band  or  ring  A, 
and  encompassing  said  band  or  ring  A  with  a  band  or  ring  I  and  cam 
J,  the  band  or  ring  I  and  camj  being  allowed  to  rotate  around  the  band 
or  ring  A  and  cylinders  B,  and  operating  the  pistons  of  the  cylinders  in 
consequence  of  their  connexion  with  the  cam,  as  herein  shown  and  de¬ 
scribed. 


No.  12,491. — John  W.  Smith  and  John  S.  Gallaher. — Improved  Fire- 

Place . — Patented  March  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  104.) 

This  fire-place  consists  of  a  casing  which  is  fitted  within  a  recess 
formed  in  the  chimney-stack.  It  has  a  throat  m,  provided  with  a 
draught-wheel  (fig.  4)  to  induce  a  strong  current  of  air  from  air-tube  C. 
The  air  enters  through  the  perforated  blower-pipe /  in  numerous  small 
jets.  This  pipe  has  in  its  centre  a  hole  H1,  wdfich  communicates  with 
the  hole  in  collar  g,  leading  to  the  pipe  C.  Pipe /  can  be  turned  around 
its  axis  so  as  to  admit  more  or  less  air  from  pipe  C,  and  through  hole 
H1.  The  draught  through  C  is  also  regulated  by  means  of  a  valve  and 
valve-rod  c.  Attached  to  the  outside  of  the  fire-place  are  diaphragms 
dividing  the  spaces  y,  z,  y,  thus  forming  hot-air  chambers  and  reser¬ 
voirs  or  gas-receivers.  Through  these  diaphragms  pass  the  smoke- 
pipes  L  L,  the  lower  (horizontal)  ends  of  which  communicate  with  the 
open  ends  of  the  blower-pipe.  These  ends  have  elbows  r,  which  dip 
into  water-chests  s,  which  are  arranged  for  the  deposition  of  carbon¬ 
aceous  matter.  The  valves  h  h,  together  with  valves  J  J,  may  be 
opened  so  as  to  afford  a  passage  for  the  excess  of  matter  immediately 
through  the  perforated  blower-pipe  out  into  the  fire,  to  be  consumed. 

Claim. — The  adjustable  perforated  blower-pipe  with  perforated  col¬ 
lar,  as  described,  arranged  with  the  detachable  fire-place,  the  latter 
having  a  perforated  throat  and  double  funnel  ventilation,  together  with 
the  valves,  diaphragms,  partitions,  smoke  conduit  pipes,  as  constructed 


500 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


and  arranged  with  the  recess  casings,  forming  air-chambers  and  gas¬ 
receiving  apartments,  substantially  as  described  and  for  the  purpose  set 
forth. 


No.  13,758. — Bernard  O’Reilly. — Improved.  Composition  for  Kindling 

Fires. — Patented  November,  6,  1855. 

This  composition  consists  of  white  turpentine,  16  parts;  gum  oli- 
banum,  1  part;  gum  camphor,  1  part;  powdered  charcoal,  8  parts. 
The  white  turpentine  is  to  be  melted,  and  then  the  other  ingredients  to 
be  added. 

Claim . — The  fire-lighting  compound  formed  by  the  admixture  of  the 
several  ingredients  specified,  in  the  manner  and  in  about  the  propor¬ 
tions  set  forth. 


No.  12,159. — St.  John  O.  Doris. — Composition  for  Fuel. — Patented 

January  2,  1855. 

The  composition  consists  of  75  parts  coal-dust;  10  parts  coal-ashes, 
or  alumina ;  5  parts  coal-tar ;  5  parts  saw-dust ;  5  parts  street-gar¬ 
bage.  The  above  to  be  mixed  cold,  and  pressed  into  form. 

(No  illustration.) 

Claim. — The  formation  of  an  artificial  fuel  by  the  combination  of 
street-garbage  with  coal-dust,  saw-dust,  and  coal-tar,  or  other  bitu¬ 
minous  substance,  substantially  as  hereinbefore  set  forth. 


No.  12,847. — Thomas  Hooker  and  William  D.  Beaumont,  assignors 
to  A.  A.  Pray,  N.  M.  Harris,  E.  C.  Lemoyne,  J.  R.  Jennings, 
G.  G.  Kirk,  and  L.  A.  Kirk, — Improvement  in  Artificial  Fuel. — 
Patented  May  8,  1855. 

The  proportions  of  this  composition  are  :  One  hundred  parts  of  any 
of  the  known  formations  of  earth ;  thirty  parts  of  common  lime  ;  twenty 
parts  of  the  dust  or  refuse  of  coal ;  two  parts  of  clinkers  or  iron-dust ; 
three  parts  of  common  rosin  or  pitch ;  two  parts  of  carbonate  of  am¬ 
monia  ;  eight  parts  of  saw-dust  or  chips.  The  aforesaid  are  to  be 
thoroughly  mixed,  and,  by  adding  water,  the  material  is  to  be  softened 
to  about  the  consistency  of  clay-mortar  from  which  bricks  are  manu¬ 
factured. 

(No  illustration.) 

Claim. — The  manufacture  of  a  new  article  of  fuel  composed  of  lime, 
fine  coal,  clinkers,  rosin,  carbonate  of  ammonia,  and  bagasse,  or  their 
equivalents,  mixed  in  the  proportions  substantially  as  herein  set  forth. 


No.  13,056. — William  D.  Beaumont. — Improvement  in  Artificial  Fuel. 
— Patented  June  12,  1855. 

150  pounds  of  turpentine  (dry  and  brittle,  and  reduced  to  powder) ; 
150  pounds  of  gypsum  (also  ground) ;  one  ton  of  clay  (ground) ;  400 
pounds  of  cut  pine-straw;  coal-screenings,  about  equal  in  weight  to 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


501 


the  clay :  the  whole  to  be  well  worked  together  with  water,  formed  into 
cakes,  and  dried  in  the  sun. 

Claim . — The  manufacture  of  a  new  article  of  fuel  composed  of  coal- 
screenings,  clay  or  marl,  pine-straw  or  litter,  crude  turpentine,  and 
gypsum,  or  their  equivalents,  mixed  in  the  proportions  substantially  as 
set  forth. 


No.  12,277. — Michael  Greenebaum. — Improvement  in  Hot-air  Fur¬ 
nace. — Patented  January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  104.) 

The  valve  S  being  closed  in  funnel  p,  the  heat  from  furnace  a  de¬ 
scends  through  the  branch-pipe  q  into  the  inner  cylinder  l ,  and  is  dis¬ 
charged  into  the  drum  7c,  and,  passing  through  the  openings  o  o,  &c., 
in  partition  n,  the  residue  passes  off  through  pipe  r  to  the  chimney. 
By  opening  the  valve  S  the  heat  passes  directly  into  pipe  r ,  thereby 
allowing  the  drum  k  to  be  cooled  to  any  required  degree. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  cylinder  l  in  the  drum  k,  in  combi¬ 
nation  with  the  perforated  partition  n,  and  the  pipes  p  q  r,  and  valve  s, 
for  the  purpose  of  regulating  and  equalizing  the  radiation  of  heat  of 
hot-air  furnaces,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,286. — Eloy  Schmitz. — Improved  Apparatus  for  Supplying  Fur¬ 
naces  with  Pulverized  Metal. — Patented  January  29,  1855.  (Plates, 

p.  104.) 

The  pulverized  substance  is  placed  in  hopper  A1  B1,  from  which  it 
falls  into  the  threads  of  the  horizontal  screw-conductor  Q,  which  con¬ 
ducts  it  to  the  vertical  charging-tube  N,  which  is  provided  with  valve  J, 
which  is  alternately  opened  by  means  of  cam  H  and  connecting-rod  t , 
to  discharge  into  the  horizontal  tube  P1,  which  is  placed  wfithin  the 
blast-pipe  Z  leading  to  the  furnace,  so  that  the  blast  shall  carry  the 
pulverized  substance  to  the  furnace,  the  tube  P1  being  provided  with 
valves  M  L  at  the  ends,  which  are  closed  whilst  the  valve  J  is  open  to 
permit  the  descent  of  the  charge,  and  which,  so  soon  as  the  valve  J  is 
closed,  are  opened  that  the  blast  may  carry  the  substance  to  the  fur¬ 
nace,  the  valve  J  preventing  the  blast  from  entering  the  charging  part 
of  the  apparatus.  The  valve  I,  at  the  end  of  tube  T  (opening  into 
the  atmosphere)  opens  and  closes  simultaneously  with  valve  J,  so  that 
any  pressure  of  air  in  the  apparatus  due  to  the  blast  before  it  is  shut 
off  may  be  prevented  from  impeding  the  descent  of  the  pulverized  sub¬ 
stance.  The  free  discharge  of  the  substance  is  aided  by  the  action  of 
a  punch-rod  S,  which  is  worked  by  a  crank  R  at  the  end  of  conductor- 
shaft  D. 

Claim. — Arranging  within  the  blast-pipe  of  a  furnace  or  other  fire¬ 
place  another  and  smaller  pipe  or  tube,  governed  by  valves  to  admit 
and  cut  off  the  blast,  substantially  as  described,  when  this  is  combined 
with  the  charging-tube,  also  governed  by  a  valve,  substantially  as 
specified,  so  that  when  the  blast  is  forcing  the  pulverized  substance 
from  the  tube  within  the  blast-pipe,  the  blast  shall  be  cut  off  from  the 


502 


Y. — CALORIFICS. 


charging-lube ;  and  when  the  charging-tube  is  open  for  the  liberation 
of  the  charge,  the  blast  shall  be  cut  offby  the  valves  below,  as  set  forth. 

Also,  in  combination  with  the  above  charging  and  discharging-tubes 
governed  by  valves,  the  employment  of  a  branch-tube  governed  by  a 
valve  opening  to  the  atmosphere  to  prevent  the  pulverized  substances 
from  being  held  in  the  charging-tube,  by  any  excess  or  pressure  which 
may  be  due  to  the  entrance  of  the  blast  during  the  time  the  valves  of 
the  discharging-tube  are  opened,  as  set  forth. 

Also,  in  combination  with  the  discharging  and  charging-tubes,  the 
employment  of  the  conductor  and  the  punch-rod,  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,305. — Abel  H.  Bartlett. — Hot-air  Furnace. — Patented  Janu¬ 
ary  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  104.) 

The  horizontal  flat  chambers  D  are  formed  of  two  thicknesses  of 
metal.  The  air  in  passing  through  the  chambers  D  is  prevented 
from  being  impregnated  with  the  gases  escaping  through  the  pores  of 
the  iron  of  flue  C;  for  when  it  has  passed  through  the  inner  thickness 
of  metal  of  chambers  D  into  the  spaces  b,  (between  the  two  thicknesses 
of  metal  surrounding  chambers  D,)  it  will,  instead  of  passing  through 
the  outer  thickness,  naturally  pass  through  the  small  pipes  c  into  the 
vertical  pipe  d ,  and  thence  into  the  smoke-pipe  I.  The  heated  air 
therefore  passes  into  pipe  L,  and  into  the  apartment  to  be  warmed  in 
a  pure  state. 

The  cold  air  and  the  heat  from  the  fire-chamber  pass  upward  simul¬ 
taneously  in  their  respective  passages  C  and  D,  and  cross  each  other 
at  right-angles,  the  air  in  D  being  exposed  to  two  heated  surfaces  of 
flue  C,  viz :  above  and  below ;  and  the  horizontal  portions  of  flue  C 
communicating  heat  to  two  surfaces  of  the  chambers  D,  also  above 
and  below.  The  cold  air,  therefore,  that  enters  the  opening  K  passes 
over  a  great  area  of  heating  surface  in  passing  upward  to  pipe  L. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim,  of  itself,  in  a  hot-air  furnace, 
preventing  the  admixture  of  deleterious  gases,  generated  on  hot  metal¬ 
lic  surfaces,  with  the  warm  fresh  air,  by  means  of  jacketed  air-spaces 
interposed  between  the  surfaces  exposed  to  the  action  of  the  fire  and 
the  air  to  be  heated,  nor  yet  providing  an  escape-pipe  or  passage  to 
carry  off  the  deleterious  gases; 

But  I  claim ,  1st,  in  combination  with  the  arrangement  specified  of 
the  serpentine  fire  and  air-flues  or  courses  C  and  D,  providing  each 
horizontal  flue  with  an  escape-casing  or  jacket,  connected  by  branch 
or  otherwise  (each  horizontal  casing)  with  a  gas-pipe  or  pipes,  uniting 
them  with  the  chimney,  as  shown  and  described,  wdiereby  a  sure  and 
quick  escape  is  established  for  the  deleterious  gases  at  each  horizontal 
flue,  to  travel  where  the  fire  and  air  are  retarded  in  taking  their  up¬ 
ward  course;  and  the  air  being  heated,  consequently  more  exposed 
to  absorption  of  deleterious  gas,  and  whereby  the  stratum  of  air  being 
heated,  and  travelling  in  succession  the  several  horizontal  flues  D,  is 
protected  from  admixture  with  it  of  the  deleterious  gases  throughout  its 
entire  exposure  to  heat  in  the  furnace,  as  described. 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


503 


2d.  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  fire-flues  C,  and  air-heating  pas¬ 
sages  D,  specified,  and  traversing  at  right-angles  to  each  other,  when 
combined  with  division-plates  G,  or  their  equivalents,  so  arranged  that 
the  one  stratum  or  current  of  air  to  be  heated  passes  upward  through¬ 
out  the  several  hot-air  passages  or  channels  in  a  serpentine  course 
given,  the  flame  simultaneously  passing  upwards  in  the  fire-flues  C, 
over,  under,  and  between  the  hot-air  passages  or  flues  D,  as  shown 
and  described. 


No.  12,448. — Geo.  S.  G.  Spence. — Improvement  in  Hot-air  Furnaces. — 

Patented  February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  104.) 

Claim. — Carrying  the  smoke-discharge  flue  of  the  fire-chamber  back 
through  the  fire-chamber,  substantially  as  specified,  whereby  the  draught 
of  a  long  flue  is  promoted. 

Also,  carrying  the  smoke -discharge  flue  gf  the  fire-chamber  or  radi¬ 
ator  back  through  the  fire-chamber,  in  combination  with  not  only  pro¬ 
viding  it  with  one  or  more  orifices  for  the  discharge  of  the  combustible 
properties  or  gases  of  the  smoke  into  the  fire-place,  but  with  dimin¬ 
ished  opening  or  passage  sufficient  only  to  carry  off  the  non-combusti¬ 
ble  volatile  portions  of  the  smoke. 

Also,  combining  with  the  discharge-pipe  O  and  the  orifice  R  the 
pipe  to  extend  back  into  the  discharge-pipe  O,  and  with  respect  to  the 
openings  T  T,  as  specified;  the  same  being  to  facilitate  the  passage  of 
the  combustible  gases  into  the  fire-place. 


No.  12,425.— William  Sage. — Improved  Air-Heater. — Patented  Feb¬ 
ruary  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  104.) 

The  object  of  this  improvement  is  to  insure  the  direct  contact  of  the 
air  wfith  the  heating  surface  as  it  enters  the  apparatus,  and  then  to  pass 
immediately  from  said  surface  into  the  hot-air  reservoir;  thereby  causing 
the  air  to  be  equally  and  uniformly  heated,  and  preventing  it  from  re¬ 
maining  in  contact  with  the  heating  surface  long  enough  to  be  decom¬ 
posed. 

Claim. — Surrounding  the  chamber  of  combustion  with  series  of  short 
annular  or  segmental  air-heating  compartments  a  a ,  which  are  com¬ 
bined  with  series  of  inclined  air  induction-pipes  b  b ,  and  communicate 
with  the  hot-air  reservoir  e  which  surrounds  said  compartments  by 
means  of  the  eduction  apertures  i  i,  substantially  in  the  manner  and 
for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,533. — James  H.  Sutton. — Improvement  in  Air-Heating  Furnace. 
— Patented  March  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  105.) 

This  furnace  has  two  separate  and  distinct  fire-chambers,  A  B. 
The  air  in  the  hot-air  chamber  D  has  free  access  to  all  sides  of  both 
furnaces,  and  likewise  to  all  sides  of  the  ascending  smoke-pipe  C  and 
the  descending  smoke-pipes  g  g ,  thereby  forming  a  great  amount  of 
heating  surface.  Either  of  the  furnaces  can  be  used  without  the  other, 


504 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


and  a  single  furnace  will  heat  the  air  sufficiently  in  the  air-chamber, 
while  the  other  furnace  may  be  cleaned  out  and  replenished  with  fresh 
coal. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  furnaces  A  B,  the  descending 
smoke-pipes  g  g,  and  the  central  smoke-pipe  C,  with  each  other  and 
with  the  single  air-heating  chamber  D,  substantially  in  the  manner 
and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,546. — Howard  Delano. — Improvement  in  Feeding  Fuel  to  Fur¬ 
naces. — Patented  March  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  105.) 

The  operation  of  feeding  in  the  coal  is  as  follows:  The  feed-box  D 
(sliding  in  ways  C)  is  run  out  to  the  opening  A1  in  the  top  plate  A, 
and  the  coal  thrown  into  said  box,  the  bottom  b  i  being  down,  and  rest¬ 
ing  on  e.  The  handle  K  is  now  turned,  which  moves  the  crank  I 
around  its  fulcrum  J.  Crank  I,  which  passes  through  slot  L  in  piece 
G,  (projecting  from  the  feed-box  D,)  acts  on  arm  M,  and  raises  arm  F, 
which  has  its  fulcrum  in  the  pin  d,  projecting  from  piece  G,  thereby 
raising  the  bottom  b  i  of  the  feed-box,  and  forcing  the  coal  up  and  into 
the  fire-box  B.  At  the  same  time  the  action  of  crank  I  on  slot  L  has 
drawn  back  the  feed-box  D,  underneath  the  fire-box  B.  (See  fig.  1.) 
Just  before  crank  I  slips  past  M,  the  pin  h  (on  arm  F)  has  entered  slot 
g,  in  trigger  H,  which  is  pivoted  in  f  to  piece  G.  Thus  lever  F,  and 
with  it  feed-box  bottom  b  i,  are  continued  to  be  held  up,  after  I  has 
passed  M.  By  continuing  to  turn  the  handle  K,  the  crank  I  enters  the 
upper  portion  of  slot  L,  and  runs  the  feed-box  out  in  its  ways  C,  as 
above  mentioned.  In  its  descent  it  forces  H  away  from  b ,  thereby 
dropping  the  bottom  b  i. 

Fig.  2  exhibits  only  one-half  of  a  bottom  view  of  the  furnace,  the 
other  half  being  exactly  alike. 

Claim. — The  combined  use  of  the  feed-box  and  grate-bars,  or  cut¬ 
off,  for  feeding  fuel  into  the  under  part  of  the  burning  mass  in  the 
fire-box,  or  their  mechanical  equivalents,  as  described. 

Also,  the  combination  of  the  crank-shaft  I,  slotted  piece  G,  lever  F, 
and  trigger  H,  or  their  mechanical  equivalents,  for  sliding  the  feed-box 
and  grate  or  cut-off,  and  for  raising  and  lowering  the  bottom  of  the 
feed-box,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,602. — John  McNeil. — Improvement  in  Charcoal  Furnaces . — 

Patented  March  27,  1855.  (Plates,  page  105.) 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  a  hollow  or  tubular  iron  beam, 
merely  as  such,  as  I  am  aware  that  hollow  beams  have  been  and  are 
commonly  used  in  various  structures ; 

But  I  claim  supporting  the  retort  tubes  B  B  by  a  hollow  or  tubular 
beam  or  beams,  with  open  ends,  applied  substantially  as  described,  so 
that  one  end  of  each  is  in  communication  with  thte  cold  or  atmospheric 
air  outside  the  furnace,  and  the  other  with  the  chimney  or  escape-flue, 
whereby  a  current  of  cold  air  is  caused  to  be  induced  through  the  beam 
by  the  draught  of  the  chimney  or  flue,  for  the  purpose  of  keeping  it 


V. — CALORIFICS.  505 

comparatively  cool,  preventing  its  burning,  and  rendering  it  a  firm  and 
durable  support  to  the  retort  tubes. 

And  I  also  claim  constructing  the  furnace  with  one  or  more  arched 
walls  H,  extending  across  it,  substantially  as  described,  to  support  the 
joints  in  the  beams  G  G,  when  the  said  beams  are  made  in  two  or  more 
lengths,  and  also  to  support  the  side- walls  and  roof. 


No.  12,678. — Moses  Thompson. — Improvement  in  Furnaces  for  Fuming 

Wet  Fuel. — Patented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  105.) 

This  improvement  is  for  the  process  of  heating  the  fuel  to  an  intense 
degree  in  a  nearly  air-tight  chamber,  and  then  admitting  a  free  supply 
of  air  to  promote  its  rapid  combustion,  to  be  conducted  without  inter¬ 
ruption  to  the  operations  which  the  heat  generated  is  to  effect. 

Fires  being  lighted  in  all  the  fire-chambers  A  A1  A2,  two  of  the  three 
have  the  doors  H  of  their  ash-pits  closed  and  the  dampers  K  nearly 
closed,  so  as  to  allow  a  sufficient  escape  of  the  combustion  gases  to  pre¬ 
vent  explosion.  The  other  fire-chamber,  in  the  mean  time,  has  the 
damper  K  open  and  the  door  C  sufficiently  open  to  admit  a  quantity  of 
air  corresponding  to  the  degree  of  heat  required.  When  the  fuel  in  the 
open  chamber  is  sufficiently  reduced,  that  chamber  is  closed  and  another 
opened  until  the  fuel  within  is  reduced,  when  it  is  closed,  re-charged, 
and  another  opened,  and  so  on. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  within  described  arrangement 
of  a  series  of  fire- chambers  to  communicate  with  one  common  fire, 
irrespective  of  the  purpose  for  which,  and  the  manner  in  which,  I  em¬ 
ploy  the  said  arrangement ;  but  what  I  do  claim  is  the  combustion,  for 
the  purposes  of  a  high  degree  of  heat,  of  bagasse,  refuse  tan,  saw-dust, 
and  other  refuse  substances,  or  very  wet  and  green  wood,  by  the  em¬ 
ployment  of  a  series  of  fire-chambers,  arranged  in  any  manner,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described,  to  communicate  with  one  flue,  when  any  num¬ 
ber  of  the  said  chambers  are  nearly  closed  to  the  flue  and  to  the  admis¬ 
sion  of  air  when  first  charged,  as  described,  while  the  remaining  cham¬ 
ber  or  chambers  is  in  free  communication  with  the  flue  and  has  a  free 
supply  of  air  admitted,  and  each  chamber  in  its  turn  is  nearly  closed 
and  then  opened,  and  has  air  admitted,  whereby  the  heat  required  is 
furnished  by  the  combustion  of  the  fuel  in  one  or  more  chambers,  while 
the  fuel  in  the  other  chamber  or  chambers  is  being  heated  and  decon> 
posed  to  a  desirable  degree,  as  herein  set  forth,  no  artificial  blast  being 
used. 


No.  12,749. — O.  W.  Bailey,  assignor  to  Manchester  Locomotive 
Works. — Improved  Furnace  for  Locomotives. — Patented  April  17, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  105.) 

The  whole  furnace  is  surrounded  by  water-space  E.  The  fires  being 
started,  the  fuel  in  one  of  the  compartments  F  is  allowed  to  become  in¬ 
candescent  ;  the  damper  M  is  then  opened  and  M1  is  closed  (by  means 
of  rods  b);  fresh  fuel  is  then  thrown  upon  the  fire  in  compartment  F1, 


506 


*  V.— CALORIFICS. 


the  unconsumed  gases  and  smoke  from  which  pass  through  opening  H 
over  the  whole  length  of  the  incandescent  fire  in  compartment  F, 
through  the  opening  L  into  the  combustion  chamber  K ;  these  gases 
thus  become  highly  heated,  and  immediately  mixed  with  those  rising 
from  the  incandescent  fire,  and  on  reaching  the  combustion  chamber 
they  are  supplied  with  air  through  opening  N  to  thoroughly  consume 
them.  This  takes  place  immediately  in  front  of  tube-plate  P.  When 
compartment  F1  has  ceased  to  throw  off  smoke,  damper  M1  is  opened 
and  M  closed,  and  fresh  fuel  thrown  into  F,  the  smoke  from  which 
passes  through  opening  H  over  the  fire  in  F1,  and  through  the  opening 
L1  into  the  combustion  chamber,  as  before ;  and  so  the  operation  is  re¬ 
peated  alternately  in  one  of  the  two  compartments. 

Claim. — The  within  described  arrangement  of  the  compartments  F 
F1,  communicating  with  each  other  by  the  opening  H,  and  with  the 
combustion  chamber  K  by  the  openings  L  L,  whereby  the  uiu  onsumed 
gases  from  the  freshly-fed  fire  are  heated  by  passing  over  the  whole 
length  of  the  incandescent  fire,  and  consumed  in  the  chamber  K,  in  the 
manner  substantially  as  herein  set  forth. 


No.  12,800.— William  R.  Thomson. — Improvement  in  Furnaces  for 

Heating  Wrought-iron  Wheels  for  Forging . — Patented  May  1,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  105.) 

The  valves  J  J1  are  for  the  purpose  of  cutting  off  the  blast,  and  blow¬ 
ing  either  of  the  furnaces  separately.  The  degree  of  heat  or  draught 
to  the  furnaces  may  be  controlled  by  dampers  F  F1,  in  combination 
with  said  valves  ;  and  at  the  same  time  the  fire  from  either  of  the  fur¬ 
naces  D  or  D1  may  be  alternately  directed  to  the  upper  and  lower  sides 
of  the  hub,  until  it  has  acquired  the  necessary  degree  of  heat.  For 
instance,  closing  damper  F1  and  opening  F,  and  shutting  off  the  blast 
from  D  and  opening  J1,  the  fire  from  furnace  D  is  stopped,  and  the  fire 
from  furnace  D1  passes  to  the  top  of  the  hub,  and  surrounds  it  on  all 
sides  as  it  descends  to  furnace  D,  and  passes  out  through  fine  G  to  the 
chimney. 

This  arrangement  obviates  the  difficulties  attending  the  heating  and 
hammering  together  one  side  of  the  hub  at  a  time,  as  in  this  furnace 
both  sides  of  the  hub  are  heated  entirely  through  before  it  is  swedged 
together. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  furnace  A,  with  double  fire-places 
or  chambers  D  D1  furnished  with  flues  G  G1  and  dampers  F  F1,  in 
combination  with  the  wind-pipe  I  and  valves  J  J1,  for  the  purpose  of 
alternately  heating  both  sides  of  the  hubs  of  wrought-iron  wheels,  or 
other  articles,  between  the  nozzles  R  R,  in  the  manner  herein  specified. 


No.  12,807. — Elizabeth  A.  Stillman,  administratrix  of  Alfred 
Stillman,  deceased. — Improved  Furnace  for  Burning  Bagasse. — Pa¬ 
tented  May  1,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  106.) 

A  proper  fire  having  been  built  upon  the  hearth  h,  the  cane  mill  A 
is  sekin  motion,  and  the  cane  fed  to  it  as  usual.  According  lo  the  con- 


Y. — CALORIFICS. 


507 


struction  of  the  mill  A,  the  cane  receives  impressions  from  a  second 
pair  of  rollers,  in  order  to  express  all  the  juice  possible.  From  these 
last  the  bagasse  is  delivered  upon  the  endless  carrier  a,  and  conveyed 
along  to  the  top  of  the  furnace  B,  where  it  is  received  by  the  feed  ap¬ 
paratus  and  discharged  into  the  furnace.  The  blast  is  so  regulated  as 
to  maintain  such  intensity  of  combustion  as  will  effect  the  consumption 
of  the  bagasse  as  fast  as  delivered  from  the  mill.  The  flame  and  hot 
gases  are  discharged  by  the  aperture  f  and  pass  along  the  flue  under 
the  boilers  C. 

Claim. — The  herein-described  furnace  for  employing  bagasse,  with¬ 
out  previous  drying,  as  fuel  for  generating  steam. 


No.  12,875. — S.  J.  Russell. — Hot-air  Furnace. — Patented  May  15., 

1855.  (Plates,  p.  106.) 

This  improvement  aims  at  obtaining  a  large  heating  surface  by  caus¬ 
ing  the  smoke  and  heat  from  the  fire-chamber  B  to  pass  up  through  trunks 
E,  horizontal  pipes  1,  and  trunks  F,  into  the  smoke-pipe  H.  The  plates 
K  give  a  circuitous  direction  to  the  cold  air  around  and  between  the 
pipes  I,  thereby  subjecting  it  to  a  great  area  of  heated  surface. 

Claim. — The  employment  of the  vertical  trunks  E  F,  horizontal  pipes 
I,  and  horizontal  plates  K  K,  connected  with  the  fire-chamber  B,  and 
enclosed  by  a  casing  A,  when  arranged  substantially  as  herein  shown, 
and  for  the  purpose  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,883. — Robert  Wicks. — Improved  Furnace  Grate-Bar. — Patented 

May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  106.) 

No  description  required. 

Claim. — The  construction  of  the  grate-bars  of  furnaces  with  dovetails 
or  other  analogous  interlockments,  so  as  to  connect  the  bars  together,  and 
keep  them  from  twisting  out  of  place,  or  sliding  from  the  bearing  bars, 
while  affording  the  greatest  facility  in  removing  defective  and  inserting 
new  bars.  (See  figure.) 


No.  12,901. — Michael  B.  Dyott. - Improved  Warm-air  Furnace. — 

Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  106.) 

The  fuel-chamber  E  consists  of  a  series  of  rings  E1  with  radial 
arms  E2  cast  on  their  outer  periphery,  in  such  a  manner  as  to  enable 
the  heat  of  the  rings  to  be  drawn  off  by  said  arms,  and  the  rings  to  be 
removed  and  replaced  if  required.  A  space  is  formed  between  and 
entirely  around  the  fire  - chambers,  to  admit  a  sufficient  draught  of  air  to 
intermingle  with  the  imflammable  particles  of  the  gases  in  the  space  L 
above  the  fire,  and  enable  them  to  be  precipated  and  consumed.  Thus 
the  said  upper  space  L  is  to  be  prevented  from  being  obstructed  with 
fuel  or  ashes. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  devices  herein  described,  to  wit:  The 
movable  fire-pot  E,  the  air-flue  J1,  and  chamber  or  fire-space  L, 
constructed  and  operating  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  sub^an- 
tially  as  above  set  forth.  ^ 


508 


Y. — CALORIFICS. 


No.  12,967. — Jacob  C.  Schlough. — Improvement  in  Grate-Bars  for 

Furnaces. — Patented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  106.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  any  particular  number  of  mortises 
and  tenons  on  each  bar,  as  such  must  be  decided  by  the  length  of  said 
bars  ;  but  I  claim  the  mode  of  constructing  grate-bars  for  furnaces,  with 
any  convenient  number  of  square  or  oblong  tenons  on  one  side,  and  a 
corresponding  number  of  similarly  shaped  mortises  on  the  opposite  side, 
substantially  in  the  manner  described,  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  13,015. — Geo.  S.  G.  Spence. — Improved  Furnace  for  Warming 

Buildings. — Patented  June  5,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  106.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claims 
and  engravings. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  combining  the  dome  of  the  smoke- 
chamber  of  an  air-heating  furnace  with  one  or  more  pipes  so  leading 
from  the  said  dome,  or  from  the  said  smoke-chamber,  that  the  smoke 
and  gases  in  passing  against  such  dome  shall  be  deflected  in  streams 
divergent  from,  or  with  respect  to,  the  fireplace. 

Nor  do  I  claim  arranging  an  exit-tube  within  the  middle  of  a  rever¬ 
beratory  chamber,  and  surrounding  such  tube  by  another  tube  or  cham¬ 
ber,  which  will  prevent  the  volatile  products  of  combustion,  when  de¬ 
scending  towards  the  fuel,  from  coming  into  contact  with  the  flame 
thereof  before  they  pass  into  the  receiving  end  of  the  tube. 

But  I  claim  so  arranging  and  combining  the  exit-tube  G,  within  the 
reverberating  dome  and  smoke-chamber,  and  with  respect  to  the  fire¬ 
place  thereof,  as  specified,  that  the  smoke  and  gas  reverberated  from 
the  dome  may  not  only  pass  towards  the  exit- tube  in  convergent 
streams,  but  be  deflected  towards  and  against  the  fuel  or  flame  there¬ 
of  before  they  may  escape  into  the  lower  end  or  mouth  of  the  tube ; 
my  improvement  being  productive  of  a  more  perfect  combustion  of  the 
said  volatile  products  than  takes  place  when  the  exit  tube  is  surround¬ 
ed  by  another  tube  or  case,  which  separates  the  descending  gaseous 
currents  from  the  fire  before  they  escape  into  such  tune. 

And  I  claim  so  combming  the  valve  H  and  the  discharge-tube  G, 
that  the  tube  may  be  movable  with  the  valve,  and  pass  through  the 
valve-opening  as  described;  the  valve  thus  serving  to  support  the  tube, 
and  rendering  unnecessary  any  arms  or  such  like  devices,  which  would 
tend  to  collect  soot  and  otherwise  obstruct  the  draught  through  the  valve¬ 
opening. 


No.  13,031. — Calvin  Fletcher. — Improvement  in  Supplying  Furnaces 
with  Hot  Air. — Patented  June  12,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  106.) 

The  object  of  this  apparatus  is  to  heat  the  air  preparatory  to  supply¬ 
ing  it  to  furnaces,  &c.  The  escape-steam  from  the  engine  enters  at 
the  top  of  this  apparatus  through  pipes  f  fills  the  upper  annular  chan>- 
ber®f,  and  descends  into  the  several  tubes  e,  connecting  with  the  lower 
annular  chamber  d1,  and  thence  whatever  steam  remains  passes  through 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


509 


pipe  g,  which  latter  also  carries  off  the  water  of  condensation.  The 
rotary  fan  a  draws  in  the  external  air  through  the  openings  around  the 
axis  of  the  fan  at  top  and  bottom,  and  drives  the  air  through  the  spaces 
between  the  tubes,  whereby  the  air  is  heated.  The  heated  air  passes 
through  pipes  i  i  o  to  the  furnace. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  the  heating  of  air  by  contact 
with  steam-tubes  has  been  done  before. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement  described  of  the  fan  a,  steam-tubes  e  e, 
together  with  the  inlet  passages  for  steam  and  cold  air,  and  the  dis¬ 
charge  of  hot  air  and  water  of  condensation,  in  the  manner,  or  its  equiva¬ 
lent,  and  foi  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,092.— Jno.  L.  Kite. — Improvement  in  Hot-air  Furnace. — Pat¬ 
ented  June  19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  106.) 

The  products  of  combustion  rising  from  the  fire  impinge  against  the 
inside  of  the  casting  D,  and,  being  thence  reverberated,  pass  through 
the  grated  passages  e  in  the  flange  f  into  the  spiral  passages  formed 
by  the  vanes  d  on  casting  D  ;  from  whence  they  issue  to  meet  with  a 
second  and  similar  casting,  and  so  on,  (if  there  are  more  than  two,) 
and  are  finally  discharged  into  the  chimney  through  pipe  G.  The  cold 
air  passing  through  opening  L  into  the  spiral  passages  formed  by  the 
vanes  of  castings  B  and  the  exterior  casing  A,  and  ascending  in  a 
zigzag  direction,  has  a  corresponding  amount  of  heat  imparted  to  it. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  well  aware  that  spiral  flues  and  air  passages 
have  been  commonly  used  in  connexion  with  hot-air  furnaces,  which, 
however,  have  generally  been  made  hitherto  in  the  shape  of  pipes,  or  by 
means  of  loose  scraps  introduced  into  the  flues  and  passages.  There¬ 
fore,  I  do  not  claim  exclusively  the  use  of  spiral  passages  for  hot-air 
furnaces. 

But  I  claim  the  combination  of  castings  B  and  D  with  their  vanes 
and  with  the  outside  casing  A,  constructed  and  operating  in  the  manner 
shown,  for  obtaining  a  great  amount  of  heating  surface  at  the  expense 
of  a  small  quantity  of  fuel. 


No.  13,332. — Samuel  T.  Jones. —  Improvement  in  Furnaces  jor  Treating 

Zinc- Ores. — Patented  July  24,  1855. 

The  ore  properly  mixed  with  carbonaceous  matter  is  placed  on  the 
hearths  d  d  in  furnace  a.  When  the  furnace  is  started,  the  aperture  e 
is  to  be  opened  and  damper  g  closed,  so  that  the  products  of  combus¬ 
tion  shall  escape  into  the  chimney.  So  soon  as  the  ore  begins  to  give 
out  the  vapors  of  zinc,  the  aperture  e  is  to  be  closed  and  g  opened, 
when  the  vapors  will  pass  into  and  through  the  series  of  separating 
chambers,  (from  whence  the  solid  impurities  can  be  drawn  out  through 
holes  o,)  through  the  exhausting  fan  p  and  into  the  collecting- chamber  q. 

Claim. — The  double  use  of  the  chimney,  substantially  as  specified, 
by  combining  the  said  chimney,  governed  by  a  damper  or  register,  with 
the  furnace  and  collecting-apparatus,  and  interposed  between  the  two, 
substantially  as  specified,  whereby  the  iron  contained  in  the  ore  cap  be 
worked  after  the  zinc  has  been  worked  and  collected,  as  set  forth. 


510 


Y. — CALORIFICS. 


No.  13,374. — Samuel  N.  Briggs. — Improvement  in  Hot-air  Furnaces . — 
Patented  July  31,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  107.) 

Passage  R  is  provided  with  a  hinged  damper  S,  from  which  a  crank 
T  projects  downwards,  and  is  jointed  to  a  sliding-rod  U,  which  ex¬ 
tends  horizontally  through  the  door-frame  V,  and  so  as  to  rest  against 
door  N  when  it  is  closed';  the  damper,  under  such  circumstances, 
being  elevated,  as  represented  in  the  figure.  When  the  door  is  open¬ 
ed,  the  damper,  by  its  own  weight,  will  fall  down  and  close  the 
passage  R.  The  act  of  closing  the  door  will  press  U  inward,  and  ele¬ 
vate  the  damper.  A  is  the  fire-place,  and  H  the  grate. 

Claim — The  passage  R,  leading  from  the  chamber  M  to  the  hot-air 
chamber  E,  in  combination  with  the  damper  S,  crank  T,  and  rod  CJ, 
operated  in  manner  as  described,  and  for  the  purpose  as  specified. 

No.  13,432. — Joseph  Leeds. — Furnaces  for  Heating  Buildings. — Pat¬ 
ented  August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  107.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  will  be  understood  from  the  claim  and 
engravings.  Fig.  1  is  a  vertical  section  of  the  furnace,  the  upper  part 
of  it  being  left  away,  as  it  has  no  reference  to  the  claim.  Fig.  2  is 
part  of  a  cross  section. 

Claim. — Combining  with  the  cylinder  or  fire-pot  of  an  air-heating 
furnace  a  reservoir  or  fountain  of  water  M,  which  furnishes  a  wet 
surface,  against  which  the  incoming  air  strikes  for  moistening  it  and 
depositing  its  dust,  and  a  series  of  curved,  zig-zag,  fluted,  or  corru¬ 
gated  plates  L,  in  the  manner  described,  for  enlarging  the  heating 
surface  of  the  furnace,  and  forming  air-ducts  for  the  heated  air  to  pass 
through,  substantially  as  described. 

No.  13,439. — Samuel  B.  Sexton. — Improvement  in  Furnaces  for  Heat¬ 
ing  Buildings . — Patented  August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  107.) 

The  fire-chamber  is  covered  with  a  pair  of  concavo-convex  plates 
D  D1,  with  their  convex  surfaces  outward,  and  slightly  separated 
along  their  edges,  the  space  between  the  plates  communicating  by 
pipe  H  with  the  external  air,  so  that  the  current  will  pass  through  this 
space,  and  issue  from  the  opening  between  the  edges  of  the  plates. 
The  object  of  this  is  to  utilize  the  heat  of  the  upper  portion  of  the 
fire-chamber,  and  at  the  same  time  admit  of  the  furnace  being  con¬ 
structed  with  a  diminished  height,  by  the  cooling  of  the  covering 
of  the  fire- chamber,  produced  by  the  current  of  air  through  the 
covering- plates,  thus  adapting  the  furnace  to  low  cellars,  &c. 

Claim. — The  convertible  covers  D  D1  of  the  fire- chamber,  in  com¬ 
bination  with  the  pipe  H,  constructed,  arranged,  and  operating  sub¬ 
stantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  specified. 

No.  13,526. — Thomas  Maskell, — Improvement  in  Consuming  Escape 
Steam ,  as  an  adjunct  in  Heating  Furnaces. — Patented  September  4, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  107.) 

To  the  usual  escape-valve  A  of  an  engine  is  attached  an  iron  pipe 
B  of  sufficient  capacity  to  allow  of  the  expansion  of  the  escape-steam 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


511 

at  least  twenty  times  its  volume,  to  prevent  explosion.  The  pipe 
extends  through  the  furnace,  and  terminates  in  perforated  bulb  C. 
.The  pipe  becoming  red-hot,  a  vacuum  is  formed  therein  ;  steam  bekm 
permitted  to  pass  into  the  pipe,  the  high  heat  and  affinity  for  iron 
ai rests  the  ox}^gen  of  the  steam,  while  the  hydrogen  passes  through 
the  bulb,  and  adds  to  the  intensity  of  the  fire  in  the  furnace. 

Claim. — The  use  of  escape-steam  decomposed  at  a  high  heat  by 
means  of  a  pipe  B  and  bulb  C,pr  their  equivalents,  so  placed  above 
the  bed  of  coal  as  to  admit  of  its  combining  readily  with  the  gases 

eliminated  therefrom,  as  an  economical  adjunct  in  heating  boilers  as 
set  forth.  ° 


No.  13,525.  Lewis  M.  Leeds. — Improved  Apparatus  to  prevent  an 
Over-supply  of  Coal  to  the  Fire-Box  of  Hot-air  Furnaces. — Patented 
September  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  107.) 

W  lien  an  undue  quantity  of  coal  is  thrown  on  the  fire  F,  the  excess 
of  coal  w  ill  f all  ovei  the  side-walls  G  and  through  space  S,  on  to  valves 
H,  which  latter  will  be  opened  by  the  weight  of  the  fuel  until  it  has 
dropped  on  to  the  lower  grating  S1.  When  the  excess  of  fuel  has  thus 
passed  through,  the  valves  (being  properly  balanced)  will  close  again, 
so  as  to  prevent  an  undue  draught. 

Claim.  The  arrangement  in  the  fire-chamber  of  the  balance-valves 
H  H,  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  an  undue  quantity  of  coal  from 
remaining  in  the  fire-box. 


No.  13,873.  Samuel  H.  Gilman. — Improvement  in  Bagasse  Furnaces w- — 

Patented  December  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  107.) 

.  T.he  object  of  this  improvement  is,  first,  to  prevent  fire  and  smoke 
issuing  hom  the  furnace  (under  the  force  of  the  blast  at  the  lower  part 
of  the  furnace)  where  the  bagasse  is  fed  in,  and  where  the  fuel  is  put 
in  at  the  ordinary  furnace  door ;  and,  secondly,  to  place  the  ash-pit  so 
that  the  contents  of  the  furnace  can  readily  be  tumbled  and  thrust  into 
it  -without  loss  of  time  or  heat.  This  thrusting  process  is  effected 
through  the  doors  E.  The  pit  D,  thus  arranged  as  a  secondary  furnace 
between  furnace  A  and  boilers  C,  performs  the  function  of  receiving  and 
retaining,  in  a  combustible  condition,  the  unconsumed  bagasse,  which, 
when  consumed,  can  be  withdrawn  through  the  doors  of  pit  D.  The 
blast  enters  from  blast-pipe  G,  through  pipes  y,  J  J,  and  perforations  P1, 
so  that  an  inward  blast  can  be  at  all  times  kept  up.  Another  inward 
blast  is  created  through  blast-pipe  L  and  perforations  p.  These  in¬ 
ward  blasts  force  the  smoke,  fire,  and  sparks  towards  the  passage-way 
B,  and  materially  aid  operations. 

Claim. — The  pit  D,  located  between  the  furnace  and  the  boilers,  in 
a  passage-way  B,  as  described,  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 

Also  the  perforated  blast-pipes  G  and  L  of  the  feed,  opening  as 
arranged  and  described,  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


512 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


No.  13,887. — Charles  Schinz. — Self-regulating  Hot-blasts  for  Fur¬ 
naces. — Patented  December  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  108.) 

The  metal  bar  i  i  is  placed  in  the  pipe  h ,  conducting  the  hot  air,  so 
that  this  bar  will  be  contracted  and  expanded  according  to  the  variations 
in  the  temperature  of  the  hot  air,  and  thereby  will  be  caused  to  move 
the  sector  t  about  its  fulcrum,  to  which  sector  it  is  connected.  The 
cogs  upon  the  sector  will  actuate  the  gear-wheel  u  and  the  eccentrics  v 
upon  the  axis  of  said  gear-wheel,  so  as  to  elevate  or  depress  the  valve- 
rods  x,  and  thereby  actuate  the  valves  2r  z  in  pipe  d,  which  introduces 
the  cold  air. 

Claim. — The  use  of  the  pipe  h  h  and  the  bar  i  i,  when  arranged  as 
set  forth,  and  operating  conjointly,  by  means  of  suitable  gearing,  upon 
the  eccentrics  v  v,  for  opening  and  closing  the  valves  z  z,  substantially 
as  described,  so  as  to  divide  a  given  volume  of  air  of  varying  tempera¬ 
ture  and  pressure  into  proportionate  parts,  and  for  the  purpose  set 
forth. 


No.  12,267. — -William  F.  Shaw. — Improved  Gas-Healer . — Patented 

January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  page  108.) 

The  inventor  says:  I  am  aware  that  argand  burners  and  some  fire 
places  have  their  flame  or  fuel  chambers  supplied  with  an  internal  and 
external  current  of  air. 

I  therefore  do  not  claim  the  mere  application  of  a  means  of  applying 
air  externally  to  a  flame  or  mass  of  fuel  in  a  chamber,  although  in  my 
apparatus  I  accomplish* this;  but,  while  I  obtain  such  an  advantage 
from  an  external  current  of  air,  when  let  into  the  chamber  C,  I  secure 
a  further  effect,  viz:  that  of  supplying  air  to  the  surplus  chamber  or 
reverberatory  dome  F.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  chamber  C  has  an  im¬ 
portant  relation  to  the  surplus  chamber  in  the  gas- burning  apparatus. 

I  therefore  claim  the  arrangement  and  combination  of  the  air-pipe  A 
the  perforated  distributor  B,  the  air-chamber  C,  the  flue-pipe  E,  and 
its  surrounding  chamber  of  combustion  or  reverberatory  dome  F,  pro¬ 
vided  with  an  outlet-pipe  at  or  near  its  lower  end,  the  said  reverberatory 
dome  or  chamber  being  made  to  operate  in  connexion  with  both  the 
internal  and  external  air-ducts,  and  for  burning  the  surplus  or  volatile 
products,  as  specified.  (See  engraving.) 


No.  12,515. — -Andrew  Mater. — Improved  Valves  for  Gas-Burners . — Pat¬ 
ented  March  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  108.) 

Instead  of  inserting  the  cups  and  valves  in  the  burner  itself,  in  the 
usual  way,  and  which  is  attended  with  various  difficulties,  the  inventor 
places  them  in  a  short  tube  c.  Owing  to  the  facility  of  inserting  them 
in  a  short  tube,  only  a  very  small  quantity  of  white  lead  is  necessary 
to  make  the  joint  around  them.  The  tube  c  is  not  placed  in  the  burner 
itself,  but  in  a  small  chamber  A,  which  is  placed  below  the  burner  B. 

Claim . — Fitting  the  valve-cups  bb  to  a  tube  C,  which  forms  a  valve- 
box,  in  which  all  the  cups  and  valves  can  be  properly  fitted  without 


V. — CALORIFICS.  513 

difficulty,  and  inserted  conveniently  in  their  place  in  the  burner,  or 
into  any  chamber  prepared  to  receive  them,  as  fully  described. 


No.  12,717. — Solomon  B.  Elli thorp. —Improvement  in  Putting  a 
Gas  -Generator  in  a  Parlor  Stove. — Patented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates 
p.  10S.) 

The  space  b  of  the  stove,  surrounding  the  retort  A,  is  filled  with 
coal,  and  also  the  retort.  The  coals  in  space  b  having  been  kindled, 
the  stove  is  heated  and  the  room  warmed.  At  the  same  time  the  retort, 
and  the  coal  within  the  same,  is  heated,  and  the  gas  passes  through 
pipe  a  to  the  condenser,  and  from  it,  by  means  of  flexible  pipes,  to  the 
clarifier,  and  therefrom  to  the  gasometer,  and  can  be  used  to  illu¬ 
minate  the  room.  The  gas  having  been  extracted  from  the  coal  in  the 
retort,  the  bottom  of  the  retort  is  opened  and  the  coke  taken  out,  which 
then  can  be  put  into  the  stove  and  burned  for  the  purpose  of  producing 
heat. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  stove,  condenser,  clarifier,  or 
gasometer,  these  being  all  well-known  old  devices ;  but  I  do  claim  the 
combination  of  the  coal-stove  and  retort,  as  already  fully  described, 
thus  combined,  making  a  portable  coal-gas  generator,  for  the  purposes 
set  forth  in  this  specification. 


No.  13,130.— Charles  H.  Johnson.— -Improvement  in  Gas-Burners . — 

Patented  June  26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  108.) 

This  gas-burner  is  constructed  with  a  cylindrical  chamber  A,  into 
which  the  gas  is  received  through  a  small  gauge-hole  or  orifice  a, 
formed  through  the  bottom,  b,  of  said  chamber.  Within  this  chamber 
there  is  arranged  a  hollow  cone  distributor  B,  which  is  open  at  its 
lower  end,  and  contains  a  series  of  wires,  as  seen  at  C,  they  being  ar¬ 
ranged  somewhat  like  the  bristles  of  a  brush,  and  made  to  extend  down¬ 
wards  from  the  vertex  of  the  cone  and  to  constitute  a  purifier  or  a 
means  of  dividing  or  purifying  the  gas,  or  separating  from  it  much 
foreign  matter,  which,  if  consumed  with  the  gas,  would  be  detrimental 
to  its  light-giving  property.  The  upper  part  of  the  distributor  B  is 
fastened  to  a  diaphragm  or  plate  D,  which  is  perforated  so  as  to  per¬ 
mit  gas  to  freely  pass  through  it,  and  into  a  tapering  or  bell-mouth 
chamber  E,  arranged  over  the  chamber  and  between  it  and  the  dis¬ 
charging  mouth  or  mouths  c  c  of  the  burner.  This  diaphragm  is  forced 
up  against  the  top  of  the  chamber  A  by  means  of  a  spring  F,  which  is 
arranged  within  the  distributor  and  presses  against  the  bottom  of  the 
chamber  A.  The  base  of  the  distributor  T  is  provided  with  a  flanch,  as 
seen  at  d  d,  whose  external  edge,  is  serrated  or  notched,  as  seen  at  e  e; 
the  object  of  the  flanch  being  to  centralize  the  distributor  within  the 
chamber,  such  distributor,  when  in  use,  being  somewhat  elevated 
above  the  bottom  of  said  chamber.  In  the  opeiation  of  a  burner  so 
constructed,  the  gas  on  entering  it  passes  and  flows  among  the  wires 
of  the  purifier,  and  by  means  of  the  distributing  cone, is, reverberated 
33 


514 


T. — CALORIFICS. 


and  drawn  outward,  and  made  to  pass  underneath  the  flanch  d  and 
upward  into  the  chamber  A,  from  whence  it  flows  through  the  plates 
or  diaphragm  D,  and  into  the  tapering  or  gathering  chamber  £,  placed 
over  the  same.  By  means  of  this  last-named  chamber,  the  streams  ol 
gas  are  caused  to  gradually  approach  one  another  and  flow  freely  to¬ 
wards  the  discharging  orifices,  without  such  injurious  impingement 
against  one  another  as  will  produce  a  flickering  of  the  flame;  by 
means  of  the  tapering  chamber,  great  steadiness  of  the  flame  is  ob¬ 
tained. 

Claim. — Combining  the  gas  distributor  and  purifier  B,  as  described, 
with  the  burner,  so  as  to  operate  therewith,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,134. — Wm.  Wiler  and  Ltjcien  Moss. — Improved  Gas-Lighter. 

—Patented  June  26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  108.) 

This  instrument  serves  for  turning  on  gas,  lighting  gas,  and  carrying 
matches. 

A  catch  B,  which  runs  in  a  slot  in  rod  E,  carries  (inside  of  said  slot) 
a  taper  t  for  lighting.  F  is  the  turner  or  wrench,  and  the  handle  or 
holder  G  encloses  the  matches. 

The  inventors  say:  We  are  aware  that  the  taper,  tube,  and  turner 
have  heretofore  been  separately  used,  and  therefore  we  do  not  claim 
them. 

We  claim  the  arrangement,  as  described,  of  sliding-spring,  catch, 
taper,  and  wrench,  with  the  holder,  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,2S3. — Edwin  D.  Willard. — Improvement  in  Gas-Burning  Grid¬ 
irons. — Patented  July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  108.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  consists  in  having  two  lines  of 
escape-holes  for  the  gas,  at  a  distance  from  the  centre  upper-line  of 
each  bar  d  of  one-eighth  the  circumference  of  the  bar,  instead  of  one 
row  of  holes  on  the  centre  upper-line ;  this  covered  with  a  corrugated 
plate  moving  upon  ways,  and  operated  by  rack  and  pinion  so  as  to 
make  the  flame  act  upon  each  part  of  the  corrugated  plate. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  perforated  tubes  nor  the  cor¬ 
rugated  plate. 

But  I  claim  the  gas-burning  tubes  in  combination  with  a  corrugated 
plate,  acted  upon  by  rack  and  pinion,  and  moving  upon  slides,  the 
whole  being  combined  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,739. — John  R.  Hunter,  assignor  to  Samuel  R.  Blair. — Im¬ 
provement  in  Gas-Brackets . — Patented  October  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 
109.) 

The  two  positions  of  this  bracket,  as  represented  in  the  engravings, 
will  sufficiently  explain  the  nature  of  this  improvement. 

Claim  —The  use  of  the  parallel  arms  or  tubes  in  combination  with 


Y. — CALORIFICS. 


515 


the  revolving  joints,  in  the  manner  substantially  above  described,  so  as 
to  make  the  bracket  or  fixture  self-sustaining,  in  any  position  or  eleva¬ 
tion,  and  at  the  same  time  maintain  the  burner  in  its  level  position,  so 
as  not  to  disturb  a  glass  or  shade. 


No.  13,789. — Charles  II.  Johnson. — Improvement  in  Argand  Gas- 
Burr)  ers. — Patented  November  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  109.) 

The  lip  or  flange  b  forms  a  spout  c  extending  around  between  it  and 
the  inner  surface  of  the  distributor  H,  for  the  purpose  of  catching  and 
retaining  the  coal  tar  or  liquid  deposit  which,  when  the  distributor  is 
in  use,  collects  on  the  inner  surface. 

In  a  common  argand  gas-burner,  the  impingement  against  one  another 
of  the  currents  of  air  which  flow  into  its  inner  chamber  produces  an 
unsteadiness  of  the  flame.  In  this  gas-burner,  however,  the  currents 
of  air  entering  at  D,  when  the  burner  is  inflamed,  are  directed  upward 
by  impinging  against  the  surface  of  the  cone  B,  so  as  to  prevent,  in  a 
great  measure,  the  disturbance  of  the  flame  arising  from  the  reason 
stated  above.  By  means  of  the  bulb- shaped  rod  E  the  current  is  pre¬ 
vented  from  attaining  a  whirling  motion,  and  the  flame  is  spread  a  little 
so  as  to  increase  its  light-giving  surface. 

Claim. — Making  the  distributor  with  a  catch  lip,  flanch,  or  spout 
extending  around  its  bottom,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  de¬ 
scribed.  .  ‘ 

Also,  combining  with  the  argand  burner  a  conical  deflector,  or  the 
cone  and  its  exterior  rod  and  bulb,  the  same  being  arranged  in  the 
middle  of  the  air-chamber  of  the  burner,  and  for  the  purpose  as  set 
forth. 


No.  13,904. — John  S.  Gallai-ier,  Jr.  and  John  W.  Smith. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Gas- Apparatus. — Patented  December  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 

109.) 

The  tank  b  is  to  be  filled  with  the  proper  quantity  of  water,  and  the 
perforated  strainer  Iv  to  be  arranged  in  place,  and  the  receiver  m  to  be 
adjusted  within  the  tank;  in  order  to  cause  the  receiver  to  sink  within 
the  tank,  the  air  is  exhausted  through  escape-pipe  n,  the  stop-cock  o 
being  open.  When  the  receiver  is  sufficiently  depressed,  the  stop-cock 
is  to  be  closed,  in  order  to  prevent  the  escape  of  gas.  The  branch  re¬ 
tort  X  being  entirely  empty,  and  being  arranged  within  a  common  fur¬ 
nace  or  fire-place,  is  to  be  highly  heated,  and  then  the  oily  or  fatty 
matter  is  to  be  fed  into  the  mouth  0  of  the  feed-pipe.  The  pipe  being 
provided  with  a  cock  z*  and  coil  2  x,  enables  the  liquid  matter  to  flow 
slowly  and  to  drip  in  small  drops  into  retort  X,  where  gas  is  instantly 
evolved,  and  passes  through  the  conduit-pipe  into  main  retort  C,  con¬ 
taining  quick-lime  in  a  small  quantity,  which  is  also  subjected  to  heat 
in  order  to  diffuse  it,  so  that  the  gaseous  matter  may  mingle  with  the 
diffuse  fumes  of  lime,  and  thus  in  part  be  divested  of  the  fatty  impu¬ 
rities,  which  are  absorbed  by  the  diffuse  lime,  and,  ascending  upwards 
through  vertical  pipe  I,  issue  out  of  goose-neck  J,  the  end  of  which  passes 


518 


V. — CALORIFICS, 


downward  through  the  floating  strainer,  which,  being  above  the  surface 
of  the  water,  affords  a  space  between  the  water  and  its  surface  wherein 
the  gas  accumulates  in  volume,  and  thence  presses  upward  through  the 
the  lime  and  fuller’s  earth  mixture,  (sprinkled  upon  the  surface  of  the 
strainer,)  and  thus  the  gas  is  effectually  purified. 

The  inventor  says:  Disclaiming  all  and  every  part  of  our  apparatus, 
taken  individually,  we  claim ,  solely,  the  arrangement  of  the  said  parts, 
and  specifically  of  the  retort  X  with  Hooke’s  blow- pipe  C,  combined 
with  the  furnace  a  a  a  a,  the  water  reservoir  l  b  b,  the  strainer  K  K, 
and  the  receiver  mm,  in  the  manner  as  specified,  and  for  the  purpose  of 
constituting  a  compact  and  portable  gas  generating  and  purifying  appa¬ 
ratus. 


No.  12,509, — J.  W.  Hoard. — Improvement  in  Gas -Regulators. — Patented 

March  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  109.) 

A,  regulating-chamber  placed  between  the  inlet  a  and  the  outlet  b 
of  the  supply-pipe;  B,  induction  or  regulating  valve;  C,  inverted  cup 
floating  in  a  fluid  D,  and  connected  directly  to  the  valve  by  a  stem  d, 
which  latter  is  weighted  to  graduate  the  pressure  in  the  pipe.  The 
interior  of  C  is  exposed  to  the  atmosphere,  which  has  free  access  at  e . 
A  quantiiy  of  air  confined  in /acts  as  a  spring,  counterbalancing  the 
pressure  of  the  gas,  and  gives  the  requisite  buoyancy  to  the  cup. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  the  inverted  cup  has  been  and 
is  employed  by  Kidder  and  others ;  and  therefore  I  disclaim  it,  irre¬ 
spective  of  the  peculiar  arrangement  and  combination  described. 

I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  inverted  cup,  so  that  only  the  upper 
side  or  exterior  is  exposed  to  the  pressure  of  the  gas,  and  the  under 
side  or  interior  is  exposed  to  the  atmosphere,  when  this  is  combined 
with  the  application  to  the  said  cup  of  the  air-spring/,  or  its  equiva¬ 
lent,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,692. — Saml.  P.  Parham. — improved  Gas- Regulator. — Patented 

April  1,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  109.) 

The  fluid  is  admitted  through  tube  D  into  cistern  A,  wherefrom 
it  enters  discharge  pipe  C.  Tube  D  is  beveled  on  top  so  as  to  fit  to 
the  inside  of  the  conical-valve  E,  and  is  provided  with  scores  a  to  al¬ 
low  a  sufficient  supply  of  fluid  to  escape,  when  the  pressure  is  so  low 
as  to  let  the  valve  settle  on  tube  D.  When  the  pressure  becomes 
higher  the  valve  is  lifted  up  and  finally  pressed  into  the  opening  of  the 
discharge-pipe,  which  is  a  little  eliptical  so  as  still  to  allow  the  neces¬ 
sary  supply  to  escape  when  the  valve  is  forced  into  said  opening. 

Claim . — The  conical  valve  or  its  equivalent,  operated  by  a  jet  of  air, 
gas,  or  water,  applied  immediately  under  it,  or  against  a  cap  or  valve 
connected  to  it,  in  combination  with  an  elliptical  seat  or  its  equivalent, 
so  constructed  as  to  let  the  requisite  supply  of  air,  gas,  or  water,  es¬ 
cape  when  the  valve  is  forced  into  the  seat.  The  whole  being  so  con¬ 
structed  and  arranged  as  to  regulate  and  equalize  the  flow  of  air,  gas, 


V. — CALORIFICS.  517 

or  water,  and  furnish  a  uniform  or  nearly  uniform  supply  under  dif¬ 
ferent  degrees  of  pressure,  substantially  as  described. 


/ 

j\o.  12,844. — G.  B.  Woodruff  and  J.  N.  Palmer. — Improvement  in  Gas- 

Regulators  — -Patented  May  8,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  109.) 

The  operation  of  this  apparatus  is  apparent  from  the  figure. 

Claim . — 1st.  The  employment  of  adjustable  escape-tubes  or  pas¬ 
sages  b  b  at  the  upper  part  of  the  air-chamber  C,  in  connexion  with 
valves  d  dl  attached  to  a  float  I,  which  rises  and  falls  with  the  water 
in  the  air-chamber,  the  said  valves  acting  substantially  as  herein  de¬ 
scribed  to  close  the  said  tubes  or  passages  to  confine  the  air  in  the  air- 
chamber  when  the  water  or  other  liquid  reaches  a  certain  level  therein, 
and  thus  prevent  the  water  being  in  the  gas  chamber  B  pressed  down 
below  the  regulation  float  H. 

2d.  The  employment  of  two  induction-valves  F  G,  arranged  and 
connected  by  a  spring  h ,  in  such  a  manner  that,  when  the  pressure  of 
gas  in  the  gas-chamber  increases  to  such  a  degree  that  the  action  of 
the  float  would  close  both  of  the  said  valves,  and  entirely  shut  off  the 
gas,  the  said  spring  will  yield  to  the  pressure  of  the  gas  upon  the  under¬ 
side  or  front  of  one  of  the  valves,  and  allow  that  valve  to  remain  open 
until  the  pressure  in  the  gas-chamber  is  reduced,  and  the  level  of  the 
liquid  therein  is  restored  sufficiently  to  open  the  other  valve,  substantially 
as  herein  set  forth. 


No.  12,943. — Samuel  W.  Brown. — Improvement  in  Gas-Rcgiilators . — 

Patented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  109.) 

The  inventor  says,  in  his  specification:  This  gas-regulator  is  so  con¬ 
structed  that  the  top  will  rise  or  swing  upwards  when  the  tip-valve  is 
opened,  by  operating  or  moving  the  top  of  the  regulator,  and  a  quantity 
of  gas  is  introduced  through  the  induction-pipe  E  into  the  regulator, 
which  raises  this  movable  top,  as  well  as  supplies  the  burners  which 
are  attached  to  the  eduction-pipe  or  tube,  until  the  tip-valve  is  closed 
by  the  projections  on  the  inside  of  the  top  part  of  the  regulator;  as  the 
yielding-top  descends  by  exhausting  the  gas  by  the  burners,  it  again 
opens  the  tip  valve  and  allows  another  quantity  of  gas  to  be  introduced, 
and  so  on. 

Claim . — The  tip-valve  K,  in  combination  with  the  movable  top  or 
float  F  of  the  regulator,  for  operating  the  tip  valve  by  means  of  the 
projections  M  M,  or  otherwise,  essentially  in  the  manner  and  for  the 
purposes  set  forth. 

Also,  the  use  and  application  of  oil  and  water,  or  other  liquid  on 
which  oil  will  float,  for  the  packing  required  in  the  gas-regulator,  essen¬ 
tially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  fully  set  forth  in  the  specifi¬ 
cation. 


518 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


No.  13,020. — Hiram  Wheelock. — Improvement  in  Gas- Regulators. — 

Patented  June  5,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  109.) 

The  filter- regulator  B  is  formed  by  two  flat  circular  perforated  heads 
3,  connected  by  a  small  rod  3  through  their  centres,  adjustable  by 
a  thumb-screw  d .  The  packing  p  consists  of  any  elastic  fibrous  ma¬ 
terial. 

Claim. — The  use  of  textile  or  fibrous  substances,  for  packing  the 
chamber  of  a  gas-regulator,  constructed  and  arranged  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,210. — Samuel  W.  Brown. — Improvement  in  Gas- Regulators. — 

Patented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  109.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engraving. 

I  claim  the  described  lever  F  and  valve  E,  and  the  knife-edged  guides 
or  points  of  support  P  O  andL  L,  for  sustaining  and  guiding  the  lever  F 
and  valve  E,  and  the  floats  H,  which  are  so  arranged  and  operating  by 
the  pressure  of  gas  within  the  float  H  as  to  apply  great  force  to  open 
the  regulating-valve,  to  overcome  the  sticking  or  adhesion  of  this  valve 
to  the  top  of  the  induction  tube  B,  by  the  gas-tar,  and  then  to  continue 
to  open  or  close  it  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  lights  which  are  being 
regulated,  and  the  pressure  of  the  gas  through  the  induction  tube  B,  so 
as  to  regulate  the  burners  nicely  and  evenly,  essentially  in  the  manner 
and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,377. — Samuel  W.  Brown. — Improvement  in  Gas-Regulators. — 

Patented  August  7,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  110.) 

The  pressure  of  the  gas  into  the  regulator,  and  the  exhausting  of  the  gas 
by  the  burners,  cause  the  valve-seat  of  quicksilver  to  rise  so  as  to 
bring  it  in  contact  with  the  end  of  the  induction  tube  D,  and  close  it; 
and  so  it  remains  in  until  the  top  C  is  depressed  far  enough  to  separate 
the  quicksilver  from  the  end  of  the  tube  D,  thereby  opening  it,  and 
allowing  a  fresh  supply  of  gas  to  enter,  and  so  on  during  its  operation. 

Claim. — Constructing  and  attaching  a  quicksilver  cup  F,  or  its  me¬ 
chanical  equivalent,  within  the  inside  of  the  float,  through  which  the 
gas  passes  on  its  way  to  the  burners,  in  combination  with  the  induction 
tube  D,  or  its  mechanical  equivalent,  for  the  purpose  of  constituting  a 
self-acting  valve  or  valve-seat,  to  evenly  regulate  the  flow  of  the  gas, 
essentially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,437. — Stephen  P.  Ruggles. — Improvement  in  Gas-Regulators. — 
Patented  August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  110.) 

In  the  chamber  b  is  placed  a  floating  valve  c,  made  of  a  thin  metal¬ 
lic  disc,  fitting  loosely  in  the  chamber  ;  when  the  flow  of  gas  is  shut  off, 
it  drops  on  to  its  seat;  when  the  head  of  gas  is  let  on,  it  raises  the  valve 
slightly  from  its  seat,  and  the  gas  flows  underneath  it  to  the  inner  pe- 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


519 


rimeter  of  chamber  b,  and  thence  to  the  burner.  The  floating  of  the 
valve  over  the  current  of  gas  is  intended  to  regulate  the  quantity  of 
gas  escaping  to  the  burner. 

The  inventor  says:  I  am  aware  that  a  disc  valve,  without  an  open¬ 
ing  in  itself,  but  in  connexion  with  side  openings  both  above  and  below 
it,  has  been  used,  and  that  a  valve  with  an  opening  has  been  used ; 
but  in  neither  case  is  the  valve  the  regulator  of  the  entire  flow.  These 
I  do  not  claim. 

But  I  claim ,  in  combination  with  a  gas-burner,  a  floating  valve,  which 
stands  across  and  controls  the  flow  of  gas  through  the  gas-way,  sub¬ 
stantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  lorth. 


No.  13,700. — Julius  C.  Dickey - Improvement  in  Gas-Regulators. — Pat¬ 

ented  October  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  110.) 

This  gas-regulator  is  open  at  one  end,  to  receive  the  screw"  of  the 
gas-pipe,  and  has  the  other  end  perforated  with  holes,  to  admit  the  gas, 
and  made  so  that  the  gas-pipe  may  be  screwed  on  to  the  end  of  the 
same.  To  the  perforated  end,  at  the  inner  side  of  the  tube,  is  applied 
a  valve,  with  a  valve-rod,  to  which  valve-rod  is  secured,  on  the  outside 
of  the  tube,  a  spiral  spring,  by  means  of  a  nut  on  the  end  of  the  rod, 
the  spring  and  nut  serving  to  keep  the  valve  in  its  proper  position. 

Claim. — The  valve-chamber  B,  cast  in  one  piece,  with  the  perforated 
plate  I,  in  combination  with  the  adjustment  of  the  valve  placed  out¬ 
side,  as  described,  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  12,597. — Joseph  S.  Kirk  and  William  H.  Elliot. — Improved 

Grate-Bar. — Patented  March  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  110.) 

D,  suspension-rod;  B,  detachable  wearing  parts,  which,  when  worn 
away,  can  be  replaced  by  new  ones. 

Claim. — The  employment  of  a  suspension-rod  for  the  support  of  the 
grate-bar,  arranged  as  described,  or  its  equivalent.  The  constructing 
of  the  wearing  and  supporting  parts,  as  described,  separately,  so  that 
said  wearing  parts  may  readily  be  removed  and  replaced,  for  the  pur¬ 
poses  set  forth. 


No.  13,669. — Samuel  Vansyckel. — Improvement  in  Interlocking  Grate- 

Bars. — Patented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  110.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

O  O 

Claim. — So  casting  grate-bars,  with  projections  and  recesses  on  their 
sides  and  ends,  as  that,  when  laid  together,  they  shall  interlock,  one 
over,  under,  or  behind  the  other,  in  such  manner  as  to  prevent  them 
moving  vertically  or  horizontally,  or  from  warping,  whilst  they  may  be 
readily  removed  or  replaced,  as  set  forth. 


520 


Y. — CALORIFICS. 


No.  14,007.-— Charles  Evans,  assignor  to  Himself  and  George  K. 

Goodwin. — Improvement  in  Revolving  Grates . — Patented  December 

25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  110.) 

In  the  accompanying  drawings  A  is  the  fire-pot,  which  is  made  cy¬ 
lindrical,  and  caused  to  revolve  within  circular  depressions  in  the 
side  of  the  stove.  C  C1  are  the  fire-grates,  which  are  hinged  at  a  to 
the  circular  heads  of  the  fire-pot;  the  grates  are  kept  closed  upon  the 
fire-pot  by  the  circular  recesses  in  which  the  latter  revolves.  From 
the  top  of  these  recesses  the  sides  of  the  stove  are  cut  away  to  enable 
the  grate  to  be  swung  up  from  the  fire-pot,  as  seen  in  fig.  2.  This  is 
accomplished  by  means  of  the  bent  lever  D,  having  a  handle  project¬ 
ing  outside  of  the  stove,  which  enters  beneath  the  pin  b  upon  one  end 
of  the  grate  ;  by  turning  this  lever,  the  grate  is  thrown  into  the  position 
seen  at  C1,  fig.  2,  in  which  position  it  may  form  the  front  grate  of  the 
stove. 

I  claim  the  method  described  of  hanging  the  cylinder  within  the  re¬ 
cesses  in  the  sides  of  the  stove,  and  ol  raising  the  grate  to  its  upright 
position,  ’as  set  forth. 


No.  12,239.-— Michael  B.  Dyott. — Improvement  in  Lamp-Shades . — 
Patented  January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  110.) 

The  arrangement  of  the  metallic  shield  B,  in  combination  with  the 
free  space  between  the  shield  and  the  shade,  (which  rests  on  the  wires 
C,)  protects  the  shade  from  being  scorched  or  burned. 

Claim.— -The  arrangement  of  the  shade  A,  shield  B,  and  wires  or 
their  equivalent  C,  with  the  intervening  space,  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed,  for  the  protection  of  the  shade,  as  specified. 


No.  12,394. — Jo  si  ah  II,  Noyes. — Improvement  in  Lamp- Extinguishers.— 
Patented  February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  J 10.) 

Claim . — Attaching  the  caps  or  extinguishers  to  the  wick-tubes  of  a 
lamp  by  means  of  rods  secured  to  the  said  wick-tubes,  and  in  such  a 
manner  that  the  caps  may  be  freely  moved  up  and  down  the  said  rods, 
and  applied  to  or  removed  from  the  top  of  the  wick-tubes,  as  set  forth. 
(See  engraving.) 


No.  12,520. — Frederick  C.  Rider. — Improvement  in  Lamps. — Patented 

March  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  110.) 

This  improvement  consists  in  having  a  short  tube  H  on  the  inside  of 
the  wick-tube  G  ;  so  that  by  adjusting  the  height  ol  the  tube  by  the 
screw  J,  the  volume  of  the  flame  may  be  increased  or  diminished. 
b  is  the  wick. 

Claim . — The  use  of  the  regulator-tube  H,  arranged  and  operated  as 
set  forth,  in  combination  with  the  wick  and  wick-holder,  as  applied  to 
the  inner  surface  of  the  wick,  to  regulate  and  control  the  flame  ol  the 
wick,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


Y. — CALORIFICS. 


521 


No.  12,-550. — Elr ridge  Harris. — Improvement  in  Lamps. — Patented 

March  21,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  110.) 

B  is  the  metallic  reservoir  within  the  glass  lamp  A  ;  F  is  the  pro¬ 
tector.  The  reservoir  B  is  surrounded  by  ornamented  paper,  which 
shows  through  the  glass  surrounding  the  paper. 

Claim. — Using  within  glass  lamps  of  any  form  reservoirs  of  metal, 
which  are  provided  with  the  usual  tubes  for  burning  common  oils,  or 
adapted  by  means  of  protectors  to  burn  any  fluid  combustible. 

Also,  the  mode  of  ornamenting  such  reservoirs,  contained  within 
glass,  by  means  of  paper  with  metal  or  ornamental  surfaces. 


No.  12,646. — Chas.  Wilhelm  and  Anna  Catherine  Wilhelm. — 

Improved  Protector  for  Lamp-Shades. — Patented  April  3,  1855.  (Plates, 

p.  110.) 

g  are  the  sections  of  mica,  (or  a  whole  piece  of  mica,)  secured  be¬ 
tween  the  rings  f 

The  inventors  say:  We  are  aware  that  a  patent  has  been  granted 
to  M.  B.  Dyott  for  a  lamp-shade  frame  made  of  metal,  in  which  he 
claims  the  arrangement  of  the  shade,  shield,  and  wires,  or  their  equiva¬ 
lents,  with  the  intervening  space,  substantially  as  described,  lor  the 
protection  of  the  shade  This  we  do  not  claim. 

We  claim  the  introduction  of  mica  as  a  transparent  non-conducting 
material  between  the  shade  and  the  frame,  for  the  purpose  of  prevent¬ 
ing  the  shade  from  taking  fire  or  being  otherwise  injured,  whilst  the 
light  is  free  to  be  reflected,  as  though  there  were  nothing  interposed 
between  them,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,814. — Dexter  H.  Chamberlain. — Improvement  in  Lamps  for 

Burning  Fluid. — Patented  May  8,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  110.) 

The  body  of  the  lamp  is  filled  with  granulated  pumice-stone,  which 
absorbs  the  fluid  within  its  pores,  and  also  discharges  it  freely  as  it  is 
required  to  feed  the  flame.  By  this  means  the  danger  of  explosion  is 
to  be  prevented. 

Claim . — The  employment  of  granulated  pumice-stone  as  a  packing 
for  spirit-lamps  and  other  vessels  containing  any  inflammable  hydro-car¬ 
bon,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  substantially  as  herein  set  forth. 


No.  13,170. — James  D.  Hays. — Improvement  in  Lard  Lamps. — Patented 
July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  110.) 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  cylindrical  chamber  B,  piston  E, 
and  the  valve  D  at  the  lower  end  of  the  wick-tube  C,  whereby  the  lard 
is  retained  in  the  wick- tube,  when  the  piston  is  moved  back  to  refill  the 
chamber  B. 


522 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


No.  13,259. — Francis  Blake. — Improved  Rosin- Oil  Lamp. — Patented 

July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  111.) 

The  air  enters  at  a  (see  arrows),  and  passes  through  F  into  G,  and 
through  H  and  through  K  to  the  flame.  By  turning  the  sleeve  T  the 
pin  g  (which  passes  through  the  inclined  slots  f  and  through  vertical 
slots  in  the  sleeve)  will  elevate  or  depress  the  rod  M  and  the  buttons 
L  and  I,  thereby  lessening  or  increasing  the  draught. 

The  bowl-shaped  regulator  N  works  up  and  down,  to  and  from  the 
body  of  the  lamp,  upon  screw  o  ;  between  this  regulator  and  the  lamp 
is  enclosed  an  air-chamber  P,  which  communicates  with  the  external 
air  by  opening  b ,  and  with  the  passage  Q  by  opening  c.  By  raising 
or  lowering  N,  the  openings  b  and  c  will  be  diminished  or  increased,  for 
the  purpose  of  regulating  the  amount  of  air  supplied  to  the  outside  of 
the  wick. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  air-chamber  G,  within  the  lamp,  in  connection 
with  the  circuitous  passage  F,  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

2d.  The  button  I  in  combination  with  the  button  L  and  opening  H, 
whereby  the  quantity  of  air  that  is  admitted  to  the  interior  of  the  flame 
is  adjusted  to  the  height  of  the  button  above  the  wick,  as  described. 

3d.  The  draught  regulator  N,  constructed  in  the  manner  substantially 
as  set  forth. 


No.  13,537. — Salmon  Bidwell. — Improved  Locomotive- Lamp  Case. — 

Patented  September  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  111.) 

This  invention  consists  in  arranging  that  portion  of  the  chimney  above 
the  burner  of  a  lamp  (for  locomotive  engines),  so  as  that  the  external 
orifice  of  the  chimney  may  be  back  of  the  lamp-case  on  either  side  of 
a  line  drawn  from  the  burner  of  the  lamp  directly  backward  therefrom, 
for  the  purpose  of  bringing  the  external  orifice  of  the  chimney  into  one 
or  both  of  the  currents  of  air  formed  on  either  side  of  the  smoke-stack 
and  lamp- case,  so  as  to  prevent  the  eddy  formed  immediately  in  front, 
of  the  smoke-stack  from  extinguishing  the  lamp  by  checking  the  draught. 
G  represents  the  glass  or  front  of  the  lamp-case.  H  H  are  the  orifices 
for  the  escape  of  the  smoke  into  the  open  air. 

I  claim  the  placing  of  the  chimney  horizontally,  and  in  such  a  posi¬ 
tion  as  to  discharge  the  smoke  near  the  top  and  behind  the  lamp,  as 
described. 


No.  13,674. — John  G.  Webb. — Improvement  in  Argand  Lamps. — *■ 

Patented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  111.) 

This  invention  consists  in  applying  a  button  a  little  above  the  air- 
tube  b ,  in  combination  with  the  ordinary  button  and  with  the  external 
draught,  so  that  the  opening  between  the  air -tube  and  the  said  button  is 
as  near  or  maybe  of  the  same  width  as  the  external  draught  between  the 
button  and  the  wick;  by  which  means  the  air  is  compressed  or  thrown 
on  to  the  base  of  the  flame  at  opposite  and  equal  angles,  and  with  uni¬ 
form  force  on  each  side  of  the  flame,  rendering  the  combustion  more 
unifprm. 


V. - CALORIFICS. 


523 


Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  button  5  and  deflector  or  button 
g,  as  described  and  shown,  when  used  in  combination  with  the  draught 
spaces  i  and  ll,  on  each  side  of  the  burner  or  flame,  having  the  relative 
proportions  set  forth,  and  for  the  purposes  as  specified. 


No.  13,675. — J.  S.  Brown,  assignor  to  Jos.  Kent. — Improvement  in 

Lard  Lamps . — Patented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  111.) 

When  the  lamp  is  to  be  filled,  the  inverted  cup  is  drawn  straight 
out  and  the  piston  D  screwed  down  to  the  bottom  of  the  bowl  A.  A 
notch  in  the  top  of  screw  m  will  enable  this  to  be  done  with  a  screw¬ 
driver.  The  lard  is  put  either  in  the  bowl  A  or  cup  C,  which  is 
then  replaced.  If  the  piston  should  fail  to  hold  the  lard  in  the  cup  C, 
it  will  only  run  down  into  bowl  A,  and  there  be  held,  by  which  means 
is  insured  perfect  cleanliness.  The  top  of  the  cup  C  is  double,  wiih  a 
space  H  between  the  two  covers,  and  a  tube  d  through  for  the  passage 
of  the  lard  to  the  wick  g.  To  prevent  the  cup  C  itself  being  lifted  as 
the  screw  is  turned,  instead  of  the  piston  therein,  a  bead  a  is  formed 
in  the  upper  part  of  bowl  A,  into  which  arms  c  extend,  jointed  to  cup 
C.  By  turning  the  cup  sufficiently  to  withdraw  the  arms  from  their 
radial  position  and  out  of  the  bead,  the  cup  is  left  free  to  be  lifted  off. 
The  lower  edge  h  of  the  cup  is  sharp,  so  that  it  will  fit  pretty  closely, 
but  not  tightly,  in  bowl  A. 

Claim. — The  combination  and  arrangement  of  the  open  bowl  A  with 
its  hollow  support  B  ;  the  inverted  cup  C,  with  its  air-space  H  and 
enlarged  mouth  A,  and  the  piston  D,  constructed  and  operating  sub¬ 
stantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,723. — John  Stuber  and  Thomas  Hardin. — Improvement  in 

Lamps. — Patented  October  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  111.) 

The  perpendicular  portion  of  feeding-pipe  C  contains  a  rod  D  ex¬ 
tending  nearly  to  the  bottom  thereof,  and  filed  on  one  side  bevelling, 
and  leaving  a  cavity  between  the  rod  and  the  outside  of  the  pipe, 
largest  at  the  bottom  and  growing  gradually  smaller,  until  it  reaches 
the  horizontal  portion  of  the  feed-pipe,  thereby  regulating  the  quantity 
of  oil  fed  to  the  lamp,  which  may  be  made  greater  or  diminished,  by 
moving  the  rod  up  or  forcing  it  down. 

The  oil  escaping  over  the  top  of  the  wick  is  received  in  the  basin 
G,  and  conveyed  back  into  the  oil-chamber  A  through  pipe  H. 

Claim. — The  use  of  tube  H,  connecting  the  drip-cup  G  with  the 
reservoir  A,  in  the  manner  described  for  the  purpose  specified.  Also, 
the  arrangement  of  tubes  C  C  in  combination  with  the  rod  D,  in  the 
manner  described,  for  the  purpose  specified. 


524 


y. — CALORIFICS. 


No.  13,729. — E.  N.  Horsford  and  James  R.  Nichols. — Improvement 

in  Lamps  for  Burning  Volatile  Liquids . — Patented  October  30,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  111.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

The  inventors  say  :  We  do  not  claim  the  use  of  perforated  metal  or 
of  wire  gauze,  as  a  means  of  protection  in  these  lamps. 

But  we  claim  :  1st.  The  combination  ol  the  safety-wick  tube  con¬ 
structed  as  described,  wilh  the  safety-tube  or  casing  g  around  it. 

2d.  In  combination  with  the  safety-tube  or  casing,  the  perforated 
safety-chamber  f  with  its  tube  barbed  at  the  top  i ,  to  contain  and 
hold  the  wick  in  place. 

3d.  Making  the  wick-tube  in  two  parts  k  m,  or  divisions,  separable 
or  not,  substantially  as  set  forth,  so  as  to  form  the  safety- chamber  in 
which  the  barbed  portion  of  the  lower  wick-tube  terminates. 


No.  13,860. — William  Bennett,  assignor  to  the  Union  India-rubber 
Lamp  Company. — Improvement  in  Fluid  Lamps. — Patented  Novem¬ 
ber  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  111.) 

The  elastic  bag  B  containing  the  fluid  will  expand  under  the  press¬ 
ure  of  the  gas,  and  consequently  will  not  break ;  and  in  case  the  lamp 
should  lie  casually  broken,  the  bag  will  retain  the  fluid  and  prevent 
accidents. 

Claim. — The  elastic  bag  or  receptacle  B  placed  within  the  body  of  a 
lamp,  or  within  a  proper  framing  or  support,  to  receive  and  hold  the 
fluid,  substantially  as  described,  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  13,910. — F.  A.  Jewett. — Improvement  in  the  Mode  of  Attaching 

Extieiguishers  to  Lamps. — Patented  December  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 

111.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engraving. 

Claim. — Attaching  the  cap  or  extinguisher  to  the  lamp  by  means  of 
a  spiral  spring  b  coiled  around  the  wick-tube  and  secured  at  one  end 
to  the  cap  and  at  the  other  to  the  screw-plate  c,  or  in  any  other  conve¬ 
nient  locality,  whereby  the  cap  is  tightly  drawn  down  over  the  wick, 
as  described. 


No.  13,972. — Elijah  Richmond,  assignor  to  Ira  Noyes. — Improvement 
in  Lamp  Extinguishers. — Patented  December  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 
111.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

Claim. — Attaching  to  the  cap  or  extinguisher  a  tube  placed  at  any 
desired  angle  with  the  same,  leaving  a  clear  space  between  the  cap 


V. - CALORIFICS. 


525 


and  its  tube,  as  described,  whereby  the  cap  or  extinguisher  can  be 
applied  to  or  removed  from  the  wick  without  removing  the  said  cap- 
tube  from  the  wick-tube,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,200, — Charles  W.  Felt  . — Improvement  in  Entry -Lights. — 

Patented  January  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  112.) 

To  each  door,  x,  z ,  y,  (leading  to  entries  or  other  rooms  intended  to 
be  periodically  lighted,)  is  attached  a  plate  A,  which  moves  with  the 
door  as  it  is  opened  or  closed.  The  motion  of  either  one  of  the  doors 
and  plates  A  is  transferred  (by  a  link  connection  consisting  of  wires 
and  bell-joints,  and  by  a  hook  h  extending  from  that  part  of  the  link 
connection  which  is  nearest  the  burner)  to  the  toothed-wheel  B.  To 
the  end  of  the  axle  C  of  this  wheel  is  attached  the  cock  P.  The  toothed 
wheel  has  eight  teeth,  and  the  cock  D  has  two  holes  through  the  plug 
(to  wit :  four  openings  on  its  circumference)  at  right- angles  to  each  other, 
and  a  small  groove  upon  its  circumference  connecting  these  holes,  to 
admit  the  passage  of  only  sufficient  gas  for  the  minimum  burning.  The 
catch  I  prevents  back  motion  of  the  wheel.  As  the  shaft  C  makes  one- 
eighth  of  a  revolution  at  the  opening  of  any  of  the  doors,  the  opening 
of  one  of  the  doors  will  put  the  cock  in  the  position  of  the  minimum 
burning-point,  and  so  on,  alternately;  the  opening  of  the  door  to  come 
in  producing  a  full  light,  and  the  opening  to  go  out  reducing  it  to  the 
minimum  point. 

In  burning  oil  instead  of  gas,  the  wheel  B  is  operated  as  above,  and 
a  four- armed  wheel  E  acts  upon  a  lever  F,  which  operates  a  sliding- 
tube  f which  loosely  fits  the  wick-tube.  The  sliding  of  tube  /upon 
the  wick-tube  above  the  top  of  the  lafter,  partially  cuts  off  its  supply 
of  air,  and  correspondingly  reduces  the  intensity  of  the  light. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  cockX),  or  the  link  connection, 
those  being,  substantially,  old ;  but  I  do  claim  the  combination  of  the 
link  connection  with  the  cock  D  for  gas,  and  the  sliding-tube  around 
the  wick-tube  for  oil  or  other  liquid  illuminating  material,  in  the  man¬ 
ner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,291. — Lewis  Hover. — Improvement  in  Lanterns . — Patented 

January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  112.) 

The  base  B  is  secured  to  the  lantern  or  to  the  rim  D  by  the  hooks 
c  c ,  which  are  kept  over  projection  c  by  springs  d  d;  and  in  order  to  de¬ 
tach  the  base  the  thumb  is  pressed  upon  button  F,  and  the  inner  ends 
of  the  springs  are  forced  inwards  towards  the  centre  of  the  base  by 
the  oblique  position  of  the  ledges  //’,  against  which  they  slide,  and 
the  hooks  are  consequently  thrown  off  the  projection  c. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  springs  d  d,  hooks  e  e ,  and  ledges 
//,  operated  in  the  manner  described,  as  a  fastening  to  secure  the  base 
B  of  the  lantern  to  the  other  portion  of  the  same. 


526 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


No.  12,324. — Elijah  F.  Parker. — Improvement  in  Lantern  Frames. — 
Patented  January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  112.) 

Claim. — Passing  the  guard-wires  a  of  lantern-frames  through  suitable 
holes  c ,  in  the  corners  or  uprights  G,  by  which  means  soldering  at  such 
points  may  be  dispensed  with,  as  described.  (See  engraving.) 


No.  13,250. — C.  H.  Butterfield. — Improvement  in  Lanterns. — Pa¬ 
tented  July  17,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  112.) 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  any  particular  form  of  spring, 
nor  the  application  of  my  improvement  to  any  particular  style  or  kind 
of  lamp  or  lantern. 

But  I  claim  attaching  a  yielding  or  springing-plate  B  to  the  cap,  in 
combination  with  a  match  holder  A,  so  that  lifting  or  throwing  off  the 
cap  shall  light  a  match  placed  so  as  to  light  the  wick  or  lamp. 


No.  13,286. — Chas.  Waters. — Improvement  in  Lanterns. — Patented 

July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  112.) 

To  the  under  surface  of  the  flanch  c  there  is  attached  a  spring-catch 
e,  the  end  of  which  passes  through  the  shoulder  d .  One  or  more  spring- 
catches  may  be  used,  and  also  two  or  more  lips / permanently  attached 
to  the  shoulder.  The  lower  bead  k  of  the  glass-shade  E  rests  upon 
the  inner  edge  of  flanch  c  of  the  band  D,  which  is  fitted  to  the  lantern 
by  means  of  spring-catch  e  and  lips  f  which  project  over  the  inner- 
edge  of  the  annular  plate  C.  The  glass-shade,  therefore,  is  secured 
between  the  lower  edge  of  the  top  A  of  the  lantern  and  the  upper 
edge  of  band  D,  and  is  firmly  secured  to  the  lantern  without  the  aid  of 
plaster  or  cement.  The  shade  can  be  detached  from  the  lantern  by 
merely  throwing  back  the  spring-catch  e. 

I  claim  the  application  of  the  spring-catch  e  and  lips  f  substantially 
as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,539. — C.  H.  Butterfield. — Improvement  in  Lantern  Guards. — 

Patented  September  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  112.) 

The  two  rims  A  and  B  of  this  lamp-guard  are  fitted  to  the  small 
part  of  the  lantern  above  and  below  the  swell  of  the  glass,  and  made 
with  joints  E  and  D  ;  the  rims  are  made  so  as  to  catch  when  pressed 
together.  This  lamp-guard  can  easily  be  removed  by  releasing  the 
catches. 

Figure  2  represents  a  plan  of  the  lamp-case  when  opened. 

I  claim  making  the  guard  movable  by  means  of  the  hinges  and 
catches,  as  described,  or  any  other  substantially  the  same. 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


527 


No.  13,577.— Ja  mes  H.  Kelly. —  Improvement  in  Lanterns  for  Locomo¬ 
tives. — Patented  September  18,  1855;  antedated  June  20,  1855^ 
(Plates,  p.  112.) 

This  invention  consists  in  connecting  the  chamber  which  re¬ 
ceives  the  smoke  from  the  burner  with  downward  flues  F,  open  at  the 
bottom,  so  that  the  downward  current  over  the  lamp-case,  produced 
by  the  bell-shape  of  the  smoke-stack  of  the  locomotive,  will  cause  a 
steady  downward  draught  through  said  flues,  removing  the  smoke  and 
promoting  the  burning  of  the  lamp. 

I  disclaim  the  arrangement  of  lateral  flues  as  applied  in  the  lamp- 
case  of  Salmon  Bidwell,  also  the  arrangement  of  flues  as  used  in  the 
patent  of  J.  A.  Williams ;  my  invention  being  an  improvement  on 
both  of  these. 

I  claim  the  construction  of  locomotive-lamp  cases,  with  vertical  de¬ 
scending  flues  open  at  bottom  only,  constructed  substantially  as  set 
forth  for  the  purposes  specified. 


No.  14,006. — Charles  H.  Butterfield,  assignor  to  Amory  Hough¬ 
ton. — Improvement  in  Guards  for  Lanterns. — Patented  December  25, 

1855.  (Plates,  p.  112.) 

The  springs  A  B  allow  the  guard  C  to  be  opened  apart,  (after  hook 
E  has  been  withdrawn  from  eye  af)  so  that  it  maybe  sprung  upon  and 
made  to  embrace  the  neck  and  lower  part  of  the  lantern. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  making  the  guard  movable  by 
means  of  hinges  and  catches,  or  other  contrivances  equivalent  thereto ; 

But  I  claim  my  improved  mode  of  making  the  guard  elastic,  as  set 
forth,  or  with  springs  at  top  and  bottom  to  embrace  the  neck  and  lower 
part  of  the  lantern,  the  same  not  only  dispensing  with  hinges,  but  serv¬ 
ing  to  maintain  the  guard  in  place,  even  when  its  clasp  may  be  un¬ 
hooked. 


No.  12,209. — Guillaume  Lambert. — Improvement  in  Coke-Ovens. — 

Patented  January  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  112.) 

When  the  oven  B  has  just  received  a  fresh  charge  which  is  ignited, 
and  the  charge  in  A  has  been  for  some  time  submitted  to  the  coking 
process,  the  doors  of  A  are  all  hermetically  closed,  as  also  are  the 
doors  at  the  rear  end  of  B.  The  damper  K  is  raised  to  open  chimney 
F,  and  the  damper  L  is  lowered  to  close  chimney  G.  The  necessary 
air  for  the  combustion  of  the  smoke,  etc.,  arising  from  the  fresh  charge,  is 
allowed  to  enter  at  the  doors  in  front  of  B,  so  that  it  may  mix  with  the 
same  and  pass  through  the  flue  N  to  be  burned  in  A,  where  a  portion 
of  the  carbon  is  then  deposited.  The  incombustible  products  of  this 
combustion  escape  at  a  very  high  temperature  through  the  flue  C  into 
chamber  D,  and  are  made  to  impart  a  portion  of  their  heat  by  radia¬ 
tion  to  oven  B,  as  they  pass  onwards  to  flue  E,  which  leads  to  the 
chimney. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  combining  a  series  of  coke-ovens, 


528 


Y. — CALORIFICS. 


so  as  to  be  operated  conjointly  by  the  heat  and  volatile  products  of  one 
passing  to  the  next.  Neither  do  I  claim  heating  the  charge  by  means 
of  the  escaping  products  of  combustion  passing  through  flues  wholly  or 
partly  surrounding  the  ovens; 

But  I  do  claim  the  manner  herein  described  of  combining  the  ovens 
by  means  of  flues  and  passages,  whereby  the  smoke  and  gaseous 
products,  generated  in  each  during  the  earlier  stages  of  the  calcining 
process,  are  burned  in  the  next,  where  the  process  is  at  a  more  ad¬ 
vanced  stage,  and  the  whole  of  the  products  of  the  combustion  of  the 
combined  ovens  are  returned  under  the  first,  or  that  in  which  the  pro¬ 
cess  is  least  advanced,  to  assist  in  heating  the  charge  contained  therein, 
and  expedite  the  liberation  of  the  volatile  products. 


No.  13,375. — Jno.  P.  PIayes. — Improvement  in  Ovens . — Patented  July 

31,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  113.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  consists  in  the  arrangement  of  hot¬ 
air  flues  for  the  purpose  of  increasing  the  ventilation  and  circulation  of 
hot  air;  and  also  in  adapting  the  plate,  which  usually  produces  a  re¬ 
turned  flue  over  the  top  of  an  oven,  so  as  to  be  loose  or  movable  up 
and  down,  thus  yielding  readily  so  as  to  allow  a  convenient  intro¬ 
duction  or  withdrawal  of  the  movable  lining  which  is  frequently  used 
in  cast-iron  ovens,  as  affording  more  convenient  access  for  cleaning  the 
flue  spaces  around  the  same. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  arranging  or  combining  two  ovens 
together,  the  one  over  the  other,  nor  a  movable  box  fitting  within  the 
same  and  forming  the  inner  lining  of  an  oven  ;  as  these  have  been  known 
and  used  before. 

Nor  do  1  claim  causing  the  hot  air  of  one  oven  to  pass  into  the  other ; 
nor  the  application  of  a  partition  plate  so  as  to  divide  the  space  above 
the  movable  lining-box  into  direct  and  returned  flues  ;  nor  the  combina¬ 
tion  of  direct  and  dumb  flues  for  heating  the  ovens  ;  nor  ventilating  and 
producing  a  circulation  of  hot  air  within  an  oven  irrespective  of  the 
peculiar  construction,  arrangements,  or  combinations  of  the  several  de¬ 
vices,  as  specified  ; 

But,  1st,  I  claim  the  pipes  or  hot-air  flues  P  P  extending  up  one  or 
more  of  the  heating  flues  of  an  oven,  the  same  opening  into  the  oven 
near  both  the  top  and  bottom  of  the  same,  so  as  to  form  a  communi¬ 
cation  between  the  upper  and  lower  strata  of  air  in  the  said  oven, 
through  the  gas  flue  or  flues  in  wiiich  they  are  located,  and  the  said 
flues  P  P  opening  also  near  the  bottom  of  the  same  to  the  outside  of 
the  said  oven,  for  the  purpose  of  admitting  fresh  air  into  the  said  oven, 
substantially  in  the  manner  as  described  and  set  forth. 

2d.  I  claim  making  the  partition-plate  K  so  as  to  move  or  yield 
upward,  substantially  as  described  and  set  forth,  when  the  same  is 
used  in  combination  with  the  movable  box  or  lining  d  of  an  oven,  for 
the  purpose  of  allowing  the  ready  admission  or  withdrawal  of  the  said 
movable  box  as  occasion  may  require. 


V. — CALORIFICS, 


529 


No.  13, 855. “Jean  Louis  Holland. — Improvement  in  Ovens  for  Baking 
Bread  and  other  Aliments . — Patented  November  27,  1S55.  (Plates, 
p.  113.) 

The  products  of  combustion,  as  they  leave  the  grate  E,  pass  by  the 
flues  G,  through  chamber  I,  beneath  the  oven  floor,  and  thence  through 
the  vertical  conduits  k  into  air-chamber  L  and  to  the  chimney  M.  The 
baking  floor  N  being  revolved  upon  axis  o,  all  its  parts  are  equally  ex¬ 
posed  to  the  action  of  the  heat  proceeding  from  the  flues  G. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  iiorizontal  flues  G  within  the  hot-air 
chamber  I  and  beneath  the  baking-floor  N,  operating  in  the  manner 
substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,717. — Julius  Fink. — -Improvement  in  Cooking- Ranges  and  Air- 

Heaters. — Patented  October  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  113.) 

The  cold  air  enters  the  hot-air  chamber  N,  and  when  heated  ascends 
by  its  rarefication  up  through  pipe  C  and  out  into  the  apartment.  The 
chamber  U  above  the  dust-box  T  is  common  to  the  gas-flue  passing 
around  the  oven  B  B  and  to  the  dust-box,  as  may  be  required,  by 
means  of  single  damper  d,  so  hung  that  by  closing  the  gas  passage  it  will 
open  the  passage  into  the  dust-box,  and  vice  versa .  When  the  grate  is 
to  be  raked,  the  damper  d  is  turned  up,  dosing  the  gas  passage  and 
opening  the  passage  into  the  dust-box.  The  draught  through  the  stove 
being  cut  off,  the  ashes  will  ascend  through  the  pipe  D  but  a  short 
distance,  and  will  then  fall  backinto  the  dust-box,  whence  they  are  readily 
removed.  After  the  heated  gases  pass  around  the  ovens,  they  enter 
pipe  D,  which  is  located  within  the  hot-air  chamber,  where  it  be¬ 
comes  highly  heated,  and  imparting  its  heat  to  pipe  D,  it  reheats  the 
gases  within  D,  causing  them  to  ascend  with  greater  rapidity,  and  thus 
increases  the  draught. 

O 

The  direction  of  the  smoke  and  heated  gases  is  indicated  by  arrows 
in  full  lines,  the  direction  of  the  heated  air  by  dotted  arrows. 

Claim . — The  arrangement  of  the  dust-box  T  and  exit  flue  U,  leading 
from  the  passages  surrounding  the  oven,  within  the  air-heating  chamber, 
substantially  as  described,  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 

Also,  in  combination  with  a  hot-air  chamber,  which  is  heated  by 
conduction  and  independent  of  the  heated  or  burning  gases  which  pass 
, around  the  oven,  the  carrying  of  said  gases  back  and  up  through  a  flue 
located  in  said  hot-air  chamber,  for  the  purpose  of  re-heating  the  gases 
and  causing  them  to  ascend  more  rapidly  by  their  rarefaction,  substan¬ 
tially  as  described. 


No.  13, 802.  — D.  W.  C.  Sanford. — Improvement  in  Refrigerators . — 
Patented  Nov.  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  113.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engraving. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  various  modes  have  been  tried 
and  used  for  circulating  air  in  refrigerators ;  but  I  am  not  aware  that 
34 


530 


Y. — CALORIFICS. 


in  any  instance  a  complete  and  continued  rotation,  purification,  dessi- 
cation,  and  refrigeration  of  the  whole  of  the  contained  air  of  the 
refrigerator  has  been  compelled,  as  it  is  in  my  invention. 

I  claim  the  arrangement  set  forth,  for  causing  the  perpetual  rotation 
of  the  whole  of  the  air  contained  within  the  refrigerating  apartments  ; 
said  arrangements  consisting,  when  the  refrigerator  is  closed,  of  an 
endless  passage  or  chamber,  the  walls,  shelves,  and  ice  receptacle  of 
which  are  so  placed  and  constructed  that  the  air  is  compelled  to  cir¬ 
culate  through  the  entire  apartment  or  apartments,  and  from  which  the 
water  of  the  melting  ice  is  discharged  immediately  from  the  refrigerator, 
instead  of  flowing  between  its  walls,  the  whole  being  constructed  as 
set  forth. 


No.  12,882. — David  Weiser. — Improved  Composition  for  Filling-in 

Fire-proof  Safes. — Patented  May  15,  1855. 

The  composition  consists  of  about  three  parts  of  paper-stuff  reduced 
to  a  pulp,  about  twenty-four  parts  of  well-silted  ashes,  nine  parts  of 
clay,  and  as  much  water-glass  and  salt  water  as  will  form  a  plastic 
paste. 

Claim. — The  employment  and  use  of  the  composition  of  matter,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  hereinbefore  set  forth,  as  a  fire-proof  filling  or  lining  for 
fire-proof  safes,  or  other  rooms,  compartments,  or  places  required  to  be 
made  fireproof. 


No.  13,639.— -Charles  Davenport.— Improved  Apparatus  for  Heating 

Buildings  by  Steam. — Patented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  113.) 

The  steam  from  the  boiler  flows  into  pipe  K,  and  from  thence  into 
radiator  I,  where  its  heat  will  be  abstracted  by  the  metallic  surfaces 
thereof,  the  condensed  steam  flowing  down  pipe  R  into  vessel  M* 
As  the  boiler,  by  means  of  pipe  Q,  communicates  with  vessel  M, 
water  will  stand  at  the  same  level  in  the  boiler  and  said  vessel  as  well 
as  in  cistern  L,  provided  the  boiler  is  not  making  steam.  But  while 
steam  is  being  formed,  its  pressure  on  the  surface  of  the  water  in  the 
boiler  will  have  a  tendency  to  force  water  into  vessel  M,  and  thereby 
raise  the  water  thereof  above  such  level.  While  the  water  in  M  is 
above  such  level,  the  valve  O  of  pipe  N  will  remain  closed,  in  conse¬ 
quence  of  the  extra  pressure  upon  it ;  but  whenever  the  water  falls  below 
the  level  of  the  water  in  the  cistern,  such  valve  will  be  forced  open, 
and  water  will  flow  from  the  cistern  into  vessel  M,  and  from  thence 
through  the  pipe  Q  into  the  boiler.  While  the  column  of  water  in  the 
vessel  M  remains  above  the  level  of  the  water  in  the  boiler,  it  serves  to 
force  the  steam  through  pipe  X,  and  to  maintain  its  circulation  through 
the  radiator — the  vessel  M  thus  serving  to  regulate  the  circulation  of  the 
steam,  and  at  the  same  time  close  the  valve  O.  Should  the  water  in 
the  boiler  fall  below  the  top  of  the  mouth  of  pipe  P,  steam  will  rush 
through  said  pipe  and  into  M,  and  be  discharged  through  alarm- whistle 
T,  when  the  combustion  of  fuel  has  to  be  arrested. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  a  boiler,  radiator,  and  supply- 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


531 


cistern,  so  connected  by  pipes  that  the  steam  from  the  boiler  may  be 
made  to  circulate  through  the  radiator,  and  from  thence  pass  in  a  con¬ 
densed  state  back  to  the  boiler. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  vessel  M  and  its  connecting-pipes 
Q  N  P,  and  valve  O,  the  supply-cistern  L,  the  boiler  A,  the  radiator  I, 
and  the  leading  steam  and  return-pipes  K  and  R  of  the  said  boiler 
and  radiator,  the  whole  being  made  to  operate  together,  substantially 
in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  13,654.— A.  S.  Pelton.— Improvement  in  Radiators  of  Steam- Heating 

Apparatus. — Patented  October  9,  1855*  (Plates,  p.  113.) 

The  floating- valve  m  is  placed  in  a  chamber  R  in  the  bottom  of  the 
radiator,  which  valve,  when  there  is  a  collection  of  water  from  con¬ 
densed  steam,  will  be  raised  until  the  water  is  discharged,  when  fne 
float  will  fall  and  close  the  discharge-opening  (underneath  chamber  R) 
before  the  steam  is  permitted  to  escape,  n  is  the  escape- valve.  The 
porous-packing  w  serves  to  suppress  the  noise  of  the  escaping  steam, 
and  yet  permits  the  steam  being  forced  through  the  same. 

Claim.*—  The  arrangement,  substantially  as  specified,  in  a  chamber 
exterior  to  the  escape-valve  of  a  porous-packing  w,  for  preventing 
noise  during  the  escape  of  steam  from  the  heater,  as  set  forth. 

Also,  the  employment  of  the  float-valve  m  in  connection  with  the 
heater  and  pipes  leading  to  the  boiler,  as  specified,  to  prevent  the 
accumulation  of  condensed  steam. 


No*  13,842.— Pliny  E*  Chase.-—  Improvement  in  Steam-Heating  Appa¬ 
ratus,— Patented  November  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  113.) 

B  represents  part  of  the  fire  place  underneath  the  boiler  A.  The 
water  in  the  boiler  A  being  raised  to  a  temperature  making  steam,  the 
steam  in  the  boiler  will  expand,  gradually  increasing  its  pressure  upon 
the  water  in  the  steam-bell  E,  and  causing  the  water  of  the  regulating 
tank  O  surrounding  the  bell  to  rise  to  a  level  the  height  of  which  is 
proportioned  to  the  pressure  inside  the  bell.  When  the  tension  of  the 
steam  is  such  as  to  raise  the  level  of  the  water  to.  the  dotted  line  i  i,  the 
supply  of  air  to  the  fire-chamber  is  intercepted,  and  the  fire  is  conse- 
quenly  slackened ;  should  the  pressure  of  the  steam  be  still  increasing, 
the  water  of  the  tank  O  is  forced  to  run  over  the  partition  I  into  pipe  d, 
and  there  it  is  mixed  with  the  water  contained  in  the  boiler,  reducing 
the  temperature  of  the  latter.  There  is  another  supply  of  water  to  the 
boiler,  arising  from  the  condensation  of  steam  in  pipe  c  and  globe  D. 
If  the  head  of  steam  becomes  too  powerful,  notwithstanding  the  check 
of  draught  as  above  described,  the  water  in  the  bell  will  be  pressed 
below  the  level  of  its  edges,  and  the  steam  will  escape  from  E  into  flue 
G,  which  will  check  the  combustion  of  fuel. 

Claim — The  peculiar  arrangement  of  the  pipes  c  and  d ,  the  draught- 
pipe  G,  and  the  tanks  O  and  C,  in  combination  with  the  steam-chamber 
E,  in  the  manner  described  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


532 


T. — CALORIFICS. 


No.  12,382. — James  Easterly. — Improved  Magazine  Smoke- Consuming 

Stove. — Patented  February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  113.) 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  use  of  a  fuel  magazine  M,  nor 
of  a  downward  draught  for  the  fire',  neither  being  novel  arrangements  in 
stoves. 

But  I  claim  the  constructing  a  stove  as  described,  with  openings  a 
for  the  admission  of  air  to  the  burning  fuel  E,  at  some  point  or  points 
above  the  grate  G,  including  between  said  points  and  the  grate  suf¬ 
ficient  fuel  for  ignition  at  any  one  time. 


No.  12,434. — -James  B.  Blake.  —Improvement  in  Gas  Cooking- Stows. — - 

Patented  February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  114.) 

A  is  the  oven  ;  B  the  shell  or  double  case  which  surrounds  the  oven, 
and  which  is  packed  with  a  non-conducting  substance  ;  a  the  burners  ; 
b  the  opening  for  the  admission  of  air  ;  C  space  between  the  oven  and 
case  B,  in  which  space  G  the  gases  are  retained  until  partially  cooled, 
when  they  descend  and  pass  off  through /. 

Claim. — The  described  method  of  heating  the  oven  of  a  gas  cooking- 
stove,  the  oven  being  surrounded  by  a  flue  or  chamber  having  an  open¬ 
ing  in  one  end  for  the  admission  of  air,  for  the  combustion  of  the  gas 
which  is  burned  immediately  beneath  the  oven,  and  openings  in  the 
bottom  for  the  escape  of  the  products  of  combustion,  the  latter  being  re¬ 
tained  in  contact  with  the  oven  until  sufficiently  cooled  to  descend  and 
pass  off,  in  the  manner  set  forth. 


No.  12,474. — J.  3.  Anberson. — Improvement  in  Cook- Stoves. — Patent¬ 
ed  March  6,  1855,  (Plates,  p.  114.) 

The  ellipsoidal  oven  gives  an  even  degree  of  heat  from  all  parts  of 
its  surface,  thereby  rendering  the  baking  qualities  of  this  stove  equal  to 
those  of  the  oval  brick  ovdn.  The  construction  of  the  fire -back  favors 
durability  and  strength,  and  the  arrangement  of  the  ash-box  allows  it 
to  be  readily  removed  for  cleaning  the  return  flue  1. 

Claim. — The  construction  of  the  ellipsoidal  oven  O  in  stoves,  as 
set  forth,  arranged  in’ contact  at  the  front  with  the  horizontally  corru¬ 
gated  fire-back  M,  and  detatchable  ash-box  P. 


No.  12,633. — Thos.  Moore. — Improved  Stove-Pipe  Tube. — Patented 
April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  114.) 

The  inner  tube  d  is  of  sheet-iron,  the  outer  d 1  of  sheet-zinc.  One 
end  of  each  of  these  tubes  is  fastened  to  heads  c,  the  outer  surface  of 
which  heads  is  somewhat  convex;  so  that  when  applied  to  a  partition, 
only  the  edges  of  the  heads  will  come  in  contact  with  the  same.  The 
tubes  are  so  adjusted  that  they  can  be  connected  by  inserting  the  end 
of  one  into  that  of  the  other,  and  when  thus  connected  will  admit  of  a 


v> — CALORIFICS .  533 

free  circulation  of  air  in  the  space  between  the  two  tubes  by  means  of 
opposite  apertures  in  either  head. 

Claim . — The  double  and  adjustable  concentric  tubes,  or  stove-pipe 
thimbles,  constructed  in  the  manner  described,  for  the  purposes  set 
forth. 


No.  12,741. — Andrew  Mayer. — Improvement  in  Gas  Cooking- Stoves.- — 

Patented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  114.) 

The  article  to  be  roasted  or  baked  is  placed  on  a  plate  o  in  the  oven 
A,  the  plate  forming  the  bottom  of  the  oven.  The  air  heated  by  pass¬ 
ing  around  and  through  the  burner  or  burners  C  enters,  through  the 
perforated  plates  a  above  the  burners,  the  hot-air  chambers  B  B,  (one 
on  either  side  of  the  oven,)  the  hinged  covers  e  of  which  may  be  opened 
to  any  desired  degree  to  allow  of  its  escape.  The  oven  is  heated  by 
radiation  from  the  bottom  and  sides  and  also  from  the  roof,  and  by  the 
heated  air  escaping  into  the  other  part.  The  heated  air  may  also  be 
admitted  through  openings  pp  by  removing  slides  n  n.  If  the  covers  e 
are  closed,  all  the  heat  passes  then  through  the  openings  p  p  and  d  d , 
thereby  exposing  the  bottom  side  of  plate  o  to  the  greatest  heat. 

The  inventor  says :  1  do  not  claim  as  new  in  stoves,  separately  con¬ 
sidered,  the  several  parts  or  devices  specified; 

But  I  do  claim  the  arrangement  herein  shown  and  described,  of  the 
gas  lamps  or  burners  with  their  overhanging  perforated  plates  or  open¬ 
ings,  side  apertures  or  passages  for  distribution  of  the  heat,  oven  and 
hot-air  chambers  or  boxes,  situated  at  the  sides  of  the  oven  within  the 
body  of  the  stove  and  provided  with  lids  and  side  valves,  as  set  forth, 
and  for  the  purposes  specified. 


No.  12,75S. — J.  Johnson  and  J.  E.  Crane. — Improvement  in  Stoves,  fyc. 

- — Patented  April  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  114.) 

The  object  of  this  invention  is  to  prevent  counter  currents  of  air 
(which  frequently  occur,  owing  to  the  low  temperature  of  the  air  in  the 
room,  caused  by  opening  of  doors,  windows,  &c.)  from  throwing  the 
heated  air  down  into  the  cold-air  passage,  where  it  is  apt  to  ignite  the 
adjacent  wood- work. 

The  cold  air  passes  through  pipe  F  into  water-tank  G,  thereby 
opening  valve  H.  The  water  is  warmed  by  the  heat  from  the  stove, 
and  the  air  becomes  moistened  by  the  gradual  evaporation  of  the  water. 
The  air,  passing  up  through  the  central  passage  L,  becomes  thoroughly 
heated.  In  case  of  a  counter  current  passing  down  the  passage  L, 
the  valve  L  will  be  closed  thereby,  and  the  counter  current  will  be 
prevented  from  passing  through  the  cold-air  pipe  F.  The  bridge  I 
prevents  the  air  from  getting  under  the  valve,  and  forcing  it  open 
instead  of  closing  it. 

The  inventors  say  :  We  do  not  claim  the  central  air-heating  passage 
L  separately,  for  that  has  been  previously  used  ; 

But  we  do  claim  the  employment  of  the  valve  H,  in  combination 


534 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


with  the  bridge  I,  arranged  in  the  manner  described,  for  the  purpose 
specified. 

No.  12,913. — Charles  B.  Loveless. — Improved  Air-Healing  CooJe 

Stove. — Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  114.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

The  arrows  in  full  lines  indicate  the  course  of  the  smoke,  and  the 
dotted  arrows  that  of  the  air. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  arranging  of  a  narrow  hot-air 
chamber  in  rear  of  an  oven,  so  that  the  flues  which  conduct  the  smoke 
to  the  rear  part  of  the  oven  shall  also  come  into  contact  with  one  or 
both  of  the  opposite  sides  of  the  said  hot-air  chamber  ;  nor  do  I 
claim  the  combination  of  hot-air  fixtures  or  flues  with  the  heating  and 
culinary  apparatus  of  a  cooking  range  or  stove,  because  such  a  com¬ 
bination  is  well  known,  and  has  been  used  for  many  years;  nor  do  I 
claim  merely  arranging  hot-air  flues,  smoke-flues,  and  one  or  two 
ovens,  so  that  the  smoke,  while  passing  in  contact  with  the  hot-air 
pipes  or  flues,  may  also  pass  against  the  three  or  four  sides  only  of 
either  one  or  both  ovens ; 

But  I  do  claim  the  improved  arrangement  of  one  continuous  smoke- 
flue  around  an  oven,  and  against  hot-air  flues  arranged  as  described, 
whereby  not  only  are  the  hot-air  flues  and  four  sides  of  the  oven  sub¬ 
jected  to  exposure  to  the  heat  of  the  smoke  while  coursing  through 
such  continuous  flue,  but  the  end  of  the  oven  and  the  end  of  the 
vertical  hot-air  chamber  G  are  also  exposed  to  be  so  heated  ;  this  in¬ 
vention  being  an  important  and  useful  improvement  on  the  general 
combination  and  arrangements  of  hot-air  and  culinary  fixtures,  herein 
referred  to  and  described. 


No.  15,113. — Alva  W  orde  is.— Improvement  in  Joints  for  Stove-Pipes. — 

Patented  June  19,  1855.  (Plates,  p,  114.) 

To  the  ends  of  the  pipes  there  is  attached  a  half-circle  tapering  tu¬ 
bular  screw,  cut  or  swedged  on  separate  connecting  pieces  or  on  the 
ends  of  the  joints  of  the  pipe.  The  same  being  double  and  tapering, 
the  connecting  ends  enter  ‘loosely,  and  by  a  half  turn  of  the  pipe  the 
joint  is  tightly  closed  and  remains  firmly  joined ;  and  at  the  same  time 
the  screw  connecting  by  means  of  a  half  circle,  and  being  of  a  tapering 
form,  it  is  readily  loosened,  and  disconnected  by  a  slight  turn  back¬ 
wards. 

Claim.— -The  inclined  tapering  semicircular  grooves,  constructed  in 
the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  specified,  all  of  which  are  fully 
demonstrated. 


No.  13,194.™-Robt.  Wilson. — Improvement  in  Stoves.— Patented  July 
3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  114.) 

Three  or  more  cylinders  are  supported  one  above  the  other,  by  being 
riveted  to  a  plate  at  each  end,  or  by  means  of  two  twisted  rods  L  To 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


535 


save  wear  there  Is  used  a  loose  roll  of  sheet-metal  g  within  cylinder  a. 
The  upper  cylinders  b  and  c  have  cylinders  h  h  within  themselves  ;  the 
•spaces  between  b  and  h  and  c  and  h  serving  for  the  passage  of  the 
smoke.  These  inner  cylinders  can  be  used  for  baking,  or,  by  open¬ 
ing  the  doors  at  each  end,  the  hot  air  will  be  freely  admitted  to  the 
room. 

Claim. — -The  combined  cylinder,  stove,  and  oven,  connected  and 
supported  as  described,  and  lined  with  removable  rolls  of  sheet-iron,  for 
the  purpose  specified. 


No.  13,3 14.— F ran-cis  Kenne  y. — Improvement  in  Parlor  Stoves. — P  atent- 
ed  July  24,  1855?  (Plates,  p.  115.) 

When  a  direct  draught  is  required  the  damper  q  is  opened,  and  the 
•dotted  arrows  2  show  the  direction  of  the  draught.  When  q  is  closed 
the  arrows  3  show  the  direction  of  the  draught,  which  passes  down  the 
pipes  M  into  chamber  H,  and  thence  through  the  openings  (regulated  by 
the  position  of  dampers  u  u)  into  the  lower  part  of  and  up  through 
pipe  I  into  smoke-pipe  J.  The  cold  air  (arrows  4)  passes  through 
passages  into  the  apartments  at  the  ends  of  base  E  around  pipes  M, 
where  it  becomes  heated  and  passes  into  the  apartment  through  register 
t.  Cold  air  passes  up  the  tubes  N  (arrows  5)  and  becomes  highly 
lifted  before  coming  in  contact  with  the  gases  from  the  fire. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  pipes  M,  tubes  N,  chamber  H,  and 
pipe  I,  when  provided  with  the  dampers  u  u  q  r,  specially  as  shown 
and  set  forth. 


No.  13,589.— Jno.  Van. — Improvement  in  Cooking- Stoves. — Patented 

September  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  115.) 

A  is  a  cylindrical  water- vessel  divided  into  chambers  by  transverse 
partition  s  ;  f  concentric  cylinder  for  containing  the  fire,  provided  with 
a  suitable  grate  (not  shown  in  the  engraving).  The  opening  through 
the  top  of  the  water-cylinder  allows  the  heat  and  smoke  to  pass  up 
from  the  fire-cj/linder  into  a  heating  space  at  the  top  of  the  stove.  This 
opening  is  crossed  from  side  to  side  by  tubes  d ,  which  form  a  free 
communication  between  the  two  sides  of  the  water-chambers  for  the 
passage  of  water,  and,  being  surrounded  by  the  flame,  causes  the  water 
in  them  to  be  heated  very  rapidly.  The  object  of  having  separate 
•  water-chambers  is  for  each  to  contain  water  for  different  uses. 

Claim . — Arranging  of  the  water-cylinder,  with  separate  chambers, 
fire-c}dinder,  or  space  in  its  centre,  opening  through  its  top,  and  cross 
heating-tubes,  combined  and  operating  substantially  in  the  manner  and 
for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,728. — Wm.  Mootry. — Improvement  in  Stoves. — Patented  October 
30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  115.) 

The  space  between  the  cylinders  A  D  is  filled  with  wire-work.  The 
wire-work  being  heated  by  contiguity  to  the  fire,  currents  of  air  pass 


536 


y. — CALORIFICS. 


in  at  the  bottom  (see  lower  arrows),  thence  through  the  meshes,  where 
they  become  heated,  and  out  at  the  open  top  (see  upper  arrows). 

The  inventor  says :  I  expressly  disclaim  any  metallic  packing  that 
does  not  contemplate  regular  cellular  tissues.  I  especially  disclaim 
the  use  of  spiral  metallic  scraps.  I  claim  the  application  and  employ¬ 
ment  of  iron-work  or  other  regular  metallic  cellular  interstices,  com¬ 
bined  with  stoves,  furnaces,  and  other  heating  and  cooking  apparatus, 
or  such  heated  surfaces  generally,  when  used  in  the  manner  substan¬ 
tially  and  for  the  uses  and  purposes  before  mentioned. 


No.  13,868. — John  A.  Elder  and  Wm.  J.  Thor^. — Improvement  in 
the  Arrangement  of  Flues  and  Dumpers  of  Cooking -Apparatus. — Pa¬ 
tented  December  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  115.) 

By  closing  the  dampers  5,  10,  and  18,  the  products  of  combustion 
pass  through  the  openings  uncovered  by  withdrawing  the  damper  4  in 
wall  8  (see  arrow  12),  thence  through  flue  15  into  chamber  16  and  to' 
the  chimney  6.  If  it  is  too  warm,  damper  S  is  to  be  closed,  and  damper 
10  to  be  opened,  when  the  heat  will  pass  directly  from  chamber  16  to 
chimney  6.  When  the  heat  is  not  necessary  around  the  oven,  damper 
5  should  be  also  opened.  When  the  oven  is  too  hot,  the  draught  of  the 
fire-box  is  to  be  closed,  and  damper  R  to  be  opened,  when  the  cold  air 
will  pass  from  the  room  into  14,  and  thence  over  or  under  the  oven  by 
operating  the  proper  dampers. 

The  dampers  R  and  S  regulate  the  communication  between  the  air 
in  the  room  and  the  spaces  14  and  16.  O  is  the  oven  ;  P  the  stove. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  dampers  4,  5,  10,  18,  and  R  S,  in 
combination  with  the  oven-flues  14,  15,  and  16,  in  the  manner  substan¬ 
tially  as  described,  for  regulating  and  controlling  the  heat,  for  the  pur¬ 
poses  specified. 


No.  13,971. — Joseph  B.  Lancaster,  administrator  of  John  K.  Lan¬ 
caster,  deceased. — Improvement  in  Cooking- Staves. — Patented  De¬ 
cember  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  115.) 

A  steam-space  F  is  formed  around  the  oven  A,  and  around  the  fire- 
chamber  D1  a  water-space  G,  (for  the  production  of  steam,)  which 
communicates  with  the  steam-space  by  means  of  pipe  b.  Surrounding 
the  entire  outer  surface  of  the  water  and  steam-spaces  G  F  is  a  space 
H  I  for  receiving  charcoal  or  a  similar  substance,  to  prevent  the  radiation 
of  the  heat,  and  thus  render  the  stove  non-conducting. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  the  space  around  a  portable 
bake-oven,  heated  by  hot  air,  has  been  divided  in  a  manner  to  form  two 
chambers  ;  the  outer  one  of  which  served  for  non-conducting  material, 
and  the  inner  one  for  the  circulation  of  hot  air. 

Also,  that  steam  has  been  employed  for  the  purpose  of  cooking,  being 
generated  by  means  of  a  cylindrical  casing  to  the  fire-pot.  Therefore, 
I  only  clai?n,  as  the  invention  of  the  deceased,  the  arrangement  of 
parts  as  described  and  shown  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


y. — calorifics.  537 

No.  12*306.— B.  F.  Babbitt. — Car-  Ventilator. — Patented  January  30, 
1S55.  (Plates,  p.  115.) 

Fig.  1  is  a  section  of  a  ventilator  ;  fig.  2,  a  cross  section  of  a  car  con¬ 
taining  the  ventilator.  Fig.  2  is  drawn  on  a  smaller  scale  than  fig.  1. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  a  wind-wheel  B,  as  described  in  con¬ 
nexion  with  a  wire  gauze  disk  or  screen  F,  revolving  in  a  tank  of  water 
E  ;  the  air  passing  through  the  said  disk  previous  to  entering  the  car,  in 
the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth.  (See  engraving.) 


No.  12,534. — Isaac  P.  Thimble. — Improved  Apparatus  for  Operating 

Ventilators. — Patented  March  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  115.) 

a  a1  a2  are  the  metal  bars  which,  by  their  contraction  or  expansion, 
operate  the  valve  R. 

The  inventor  says  :  1  do  not  claim  effecting  the  ventilation  of  build¬ 
ings,  &c.,  by  operating  the  valves  to  the  vents  or  air-passages  by  the 
force  derived  from  the  expansion  of  metal,  as  this  has  been  before  pro¬ 
posed  ; 

But  I  claim  having  the  valves  or  ventilatin^-doors  connected  to  the 
said  metal  bands  about  midwa}^  between  their  fixed  supports,  so  that 
the  varying  degrees  of  flexure  shall  effect  the  operation  of  opening  or 
closing  said  doors  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  3escribed  and 
shown. 


No.  12,541. — V.  P.  Corbett. — Method  of  Self- Ventilation  jor  Railroad 
Cars. — Patented  March  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  115.) 

Claim. — Forming  a  series  of  ventilating  holes  C  C  C  C  in  the  sides 
of  the  car,  between  the  ceiling  and  the  windows  B  B  B  B,  and  pro¬ 
viding  in  said  holes  vertical  ventilating  fans  D  D  D  I),  which  are  ar¬ 
ranged  so  as  to  be  caused  to  revolve  by  the  rapid  movement  of  the  car 
through  the  atmosphere,  and  thus  made  to  exhaust  the  impure  air 
from  the  inside  of  the  car.  (See  engravings.) 


No.  12,818. — D.  H.  Fox  and  Jno.  Fink. — Improvement  in  Railroad-Car 

Ventilators. — Patented  May  8,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  115.) 

The  inventors  say:  We  are  aware  that  air  has  been  passed  through 
water  and  injected  into  railroad  cars  ;  such,  therefore,  we  do  not 
claim.  Neither  do  we  claim  the  mere  employment  ol  suction  to  pro¬ 
duce  a  current. 

But  we  do  claim  the  construction  in  or  on  the  top  of  the  car  of  a  long 
shallow  chamber  a ,  communicating  at  several  points  h  with  the  interior 
of  the  car,  and  by  a  tube  c  with  a  fan  chamber  hl  beneath  the  car, 
whereby  the  partial  exhaust  created  in  said  chamber  by  the  running  of 
the  car  produces  a  number  of  upward  currents  simultaneously  in  va¬ 
rious  parts  of  the  car,  sufficient  to  carry  off  the  vitiated  air  and  dust 
from  the  same,  as  hereinbefore  set  forth. 


538 


V. — CALORIFICS. 


No.  12,827. — William  Pauli. — Improvement  in  Ventilating  Railroad 

Cars. — Patented  May  8,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  115.) 

The  draught  created  by  means  of  the  hood  upon  the  roof  of  the  car 
carries  the  air  into  the  car,  wherefrom  it  escapes  between  the  usual 
sashes  b  and  the  stationary  glazed  frame  F.  The  upward  current  of 
the  escaping  air  is  intended  to  prevent  the  entrance  of  dust,  etc. 

Claim . — The  arrangement  of  guard- sash  F  F  on  the  sides  of  the 
cars,  in  connection  with  descending  tubes  D  D  and  hood  C  upon  the 
top  thereof,  by  which  the  dust  is  prevented  from  entering  a  window 
when  opened,  while  the  exit  of  the  air  and  ventilation  of  the  car  is  not 
affected  by  said  guard-sash,  substantially  in  the  manner  described. 


No.  12,851. — Job  R.  Barry.— Improved  Ventilating  and  Cooling  Appa¬ 
ratus. — Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  1 16.) 

The  air  passes  from  the  revolving  fan  A  through  the  wheels  B  C, 
which  revolve  to  about  one-fourth  of  their  diameter  in  water  tanks  M 
N.  Thus  the  air  comes  in  contact  with  a  large  amount  of  wet  and 
cold  surfaces  on  the  wheels,  and  its  temperature  is  reduced  to  nearly 
that  ol  the  water  in  the  tank.  From  these  refrigerating  wheels  the  air 
passes  through  the  ice  in  the  box  D,  and  then  through  the  passages  G 
and  F  up  into  the  car. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  devices  herein  described  for 
excluding  dust  from  railroad  cars,  separately,  nor  do  I  claim  the  pass¬ 
ing  air  through  an  ice  reservoir  for  the  purpose  of  cooling  the  same 
previous  to  its  introduction  to  an  apartment ; 

But  I  do  claim  the  arrangement  of  a  fan  and  one  or  more  refrigerating 
wheels,  or  their  equivalent,  with  the  water-tanks,  ice  reservoir,  and 
return  air  flue,  substantially  as  described,  for  securing  effectual  venti¬ 
lation  and  cooling  the  air,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  herein 
set  forth. 


No.  12,992. — Ernest  Bahr. — Improved  Skip- Ventilator. — Patented 
June  5,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  116.) 

This  improvement  is  intended  to  prevent  water  from  entering  the 
vessel  through  the  ventilator.  If  the  water  is  forced  up  in  the  end 

D,  it  will  probably  close  valve  d ;  or  if  any  escapes  through,  it  will  be 
checked  by  the  guard-plate  e.  The  same  effect  will  be  obtained  by 
the  water  entering  the  end  E,  the  guard-plate  h  and  valve  i  obstructing 
its  entrance  into  tube  a;  but  still,  if  it  should  pass  up  the  vertical  por¬ 
tion  of  tube  «,  there  are  two  valves  n  n  to  prevent  its  entrance  into  tube 

E,  and  the  water  will  flow  back  through  side  apertures  r  into  tube  a. 
The  same  obstruction  is  presented  to  the  water  by  the  valves  o  and  p. 
The  end  E  is  turned  by  hand  so  as  to  face  the  wind. 

I  clam  the  helical  tube  A,  provided  with  valves  i  d  n  o  p  and  guard- 
plates  as  shown ;  one  end  of  the  helix  terminating  above  the  deck  C 
in  two  parts  D  E,  the  part  E  being  provided  with  a  wire  wheel  g  and 
wire  cloth  covering  p,  said  part  E  being  movable,  so  that  it  may  be 
turned  to  face  the  wind  at  ail  times,  for  the  purpose  as  set  forth. 


y. — calorifics.  539 

No.  13,204. — Chas.  Atwood. — Improvement  in  Ventilating  Railroad 

Cars. — Patented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  116.) 

The  current  of  air  is  received  into  the  passages  C  (open  in  front)  at 
the  sides  of  the  tender,  and  passes  through  the  flexible  connection  be¬ 
tween  tender  and  baggage  car  along  an  air  passage  on  top  of  the  baggage 
car,  and  thence  through  the  cars,  which  are  all  so  connected  by  means 
of  side-doors  L  and  flexible  connections  F  as  to  form  one  continuous 
passage  for  the  air.  The  platforms  P  (as  will  be  seen  from  the  sec¬ 
tional  plan,  fig.  3).  have  side-doors  L,  which  are  to  be  closed,  as  repre¬ 
sented  in  the  figures,  when  the  train  is  in  motion.  The  cars  are  to  be 
connected  by  means  of  flexible  connections  F  on  frames  d  el1.  After 
the  cars  have  been  coupled  together,. these  frames  are  brought  together 
(from  position  fig.  2  into  position  fig.  1)  and  secured  by  means  of  clasps. 

Claim. — The  method  described  of  constructing,  attaching,  and  using 
the  flexible  connections,  when  constructed,  attached,  and  used  substan¬ 
tially  as  set  forth. 

Also,  the  combination  of  the  flexible  connections  with  any  suitable 
method  of  receiving  the  air  at  the  front  end  of  the  tender. 


No.  13,542. — John  Clark. — Self- Regulating  Valve  for  Ventilation. — 

Patented  September  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  116.) 

This  is  an  apparatus  for  operating  dampers  of  stoves.  When  the 
room  is  a  little  colder  than  is  desired,  the  cylinder  A  (made  of  glass 
or  other  material)  is  to  be  corked  at  c,  and  the  bellows  B  closed,  so  as 
to  make  the  cylinder  air-tight.  The  toothed  end  of  the  rod  C  (attached 
to  the  bellows)  is  then  connected  to  the  rod  which  works  the  valve  or 
damper  of  the  stove.  When  the  air  in  the  room  and  in  the  cylinder 
gets  warmer,  it  will  expand  and  extend  the  bellows,  and  push  the  rod 
C,  and  thus  act  on  the  damper-rod;  and  when  it  becomes  colder,  the 
air  in  the  cylinder  will  contract,  and  thereby  draw  back  the  rod  C. 

The  inventor  says:  That  which  I  design  to  claim,  as  my  particular 
invention,  is  the  air-tight  cylinder  and  bellows,  of  whatever  material 
they  may  be  made,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  a  motive  power  from 
the  expansion  and  contraction  of  the  air,  and  to  whatever  use  it  may 
be  applied. 


No.  13,725. — W.  L.  B.  Lewis. —  Ventilating  Railroad  Car. — Patented 

October  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  116.) 

The  deflector  A  moves  in  guides  b  around  the  periphery  of  the  case 
B  attached  to  the  outside  of  trie  window-frame,  and  is  provided  with  a 
wire-gauze  screen  K.  Cords  C  C  serve  to  pull  the  deflector  either  to 
the  right  or  to  the  left,  so  as  to  compel  a  current  of  air  to  pass  from 
the  outside  through  the  screen  into  the  car,  when  the  latter  is  under 
way. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  use  of  a  ventilating  box  or 
case,  like  that  of  Nelson  Goodyear;  nor  do  I  claim  the  use  of  one  or 
more  sheets  of  wire-gauze  or  screens  through  which  to  pass  the  air, 


540 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


so  as  to  preclude  the  entrance  of  sparks  and  dust,  as  these  have  been 
used  before. 

But  I  claim,  the  peculiar  construction  and  arrangement  of  the  ven¬ 
tilating  box  or  case,  as  described  and  set  forth. 

I  claim  a  reciprocating  curved  deflector  A,  adapted  to  be  moved 
only  horizontally  to  right  or  left,  for  directing  currents  of  air  into  the 
car,  in  the  specific  manner  set  forth  and  described. 


No.  13,732. — J.  K.  Taylor. — Method  oj  Ventilating  Railroad  Cars. — 

Patented  October  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  116.) 

The  upper  and  lower  ends  of  the  vertical  slotted  tubes  c  (outside  of 
windows  H)  communicate  with  horizontal  tubes  d,  which  latter  com¬ 
municate  with  the  flaring  space  e. .  As  the  car  moves  along,  air  enters 
the  space  e,  and  passes  out  through  the  slots  of  tubes  c  in  thin  sheets, 
as  indicated  by  the  arrows.  These  thin  sheets  of  air  prevent  dust  from 
entering  the  car  through  the  windows,  and  also  serve  to  draw  the  air 
out  from  within  the  car  through  the  windows,  and  thereby  cause,  in 
connection  with  the  fan  F,  (which  latter  drives  a  current  of  air  through 
the  water- box  B,  and  up  through  tubes  B  into  the  car,)  a  current  of 
pure  air  to  circulate  through  the  car. 

I  do  not  claim,  separately,  forcing  air  through  water  before  it  enters 
the  cars,  in  ord&r  to  purify  it  or  cleanse  it  from  dust,  cinders,  &c.,  for 
this  has  been  done  in  various  ways  ; 

But  I  claim  the  vertical  slotted  tubes  c  placed  at  the  outer  sides  of 
the  windows  H  of  the  car,  and  having  air  forced  through  them  by 
the  means  described,  or  in  any  other  manner,  for  the  purpose  specified. 


VI.— STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


No.  12,261. — Gustavus  Weissenborn. — Improved  Arrangement  of 
Filtering  Apparatus  to  Prevent  Incrustation  in  Steam-Boilers. — Patented 
January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  117.) 

The  cold  water  enters  through  pipe  B  and  jet-holes  E  into  chamber 
D,  where  its  temperature  is  raised  by  means  of  its  coming  in  contact 
with  the  exhaust-steam  entering  through  pipe  C  ;  the  water  passes 
into  the  basin-chamber  F  and  over  the  basin  F1,  (which  is  intended  to 
retard  its  motion,  and  keep  it  so  much  longer  in  contact  with  the 
steam,)  on  and  through  a  rough  stone  filter  G.  hence  through  a  brush¬ 
wood  filter  H,  and  finally  through  a  filter  K  which  contains  horse- 
dung  or  other  compound  impregnated  with  a  free  alkali.  The  water 
passes  out  through  the  perforations  in  the  casing  of  filter  K,  and  into 
feed-pipe  M,  which  leads  to  the  boiler. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  make  no  claim  to  the  idea  of  purifying  water 


YI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES.  541 

before  it  enters  the  boiler  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  incrustation, 
for  that  has  been  done  before. 

I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  exhaust-chamber  D,  girdled  at  its 
lower  part  by  the  cold  water  B1,  with  the  basin-chamber  F  and  filters 
G  H  K,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,360. — Thomas  Champion. — Improvement  in  Steam-Boilers. — 

Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  117.) 

The  object  of  the  double  cone  S  S2  tube  is,  that  the  heat  in  rising 
through  the  lower  cone,  which  is  surrounded  by  water,  may  act  with 
the  greatest  effect  ;  but,  while  passing  through  the  upper  cone,  which  is 
surrounded  by  steam,  it  is  prevented  from  heating  it  to  a  degree  that 
would  be  dangerous,  because  it  enlarges  upward,  and  thus  allows  the 
heat  to  pass  off  freely.  With  tubes  of  uniform  diameter,  that  portion  • 
passing  through  the  steam  becomes  often  overheated,  and  is  iiable  to 
cause  explosion. 

Claim. — 1st.  Arranging  an  annular  flue  Q  at  the  bottom  of  an  up¬ 
right  boiler,  for  receiving  the  air  at  its  mouth  R,  and  conducting  it  at 
R2  beneath  the  grate,  as  illustrated  in  figure  5  of  the  drawings.  (See 
figure  2  of  the  engraving.) 

2d.  Making  the  vertical  tube  in  the  form  of  a  double  cone,  the  upper 
cone  being  inverted,  and  the  two  united  together  at  their  apices,  the 
same  being  for  the  object  and  possessing  the  advantages  stated. 


No.  12,385. — Asahel  Fairchild. — Improvement  in  Steam-Boiler  Chim¬ 
neys. — Patented  February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  117.) 

Claim. —  Connecting  the  chimney  5  of  a  steam-boiler  furnace  B  to  the 
flue  connecting  breeching  a  thereof,  by  means  of  a  cylindrical  joint  e 
d  h  b  c,  arranged  in  such  a  manner  that  the  chimney  can  be  lowered 
into  a  horizontal  position,  (see  fig.  2),  without  producing  openings  in 
said  joint,  and  also  without  closing  the  connection  between  the  chimney 
and  the  furnace-flues,  substantially  as  set  forth.  (See  engravings.) 


No.  12,654. — Hiram  Strait. — Improved  arrangement  of  Means  for  Free¬ 
ing  Steam- Boilers  from  Sediment. — Patented  April  3,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  117.) 

A,  steam-chamber;  B,  water-chamber;  C,  sediment-chamber;  D, 
partition-plate;  E,  valve-plate;  F,  blow-off  pipe,  or  flue  for  steam  ;  G, 
blow-off  pipe  for  water  ;  H,  blow-off  cock,  or  valve  of  the  sediment- 
chamber;  I,  operating  rod  of  the  valve- plate  or  series  of  valves;  J, 
stop-cocks  attached  to  the  blow-off  pipes  ;  K,  bracket  to  hold  the  valve- 
plate  down  on  partition-plate.  The  sediments  pass  through  the  perfora¬ 
tions  in  the  valve-plate  and  partition- plate  (when  said  perforations  are 
brought  directly  over  each  other  by  means  of  operating  lod  I)  and  into 
the  temporary  blow-off  chamber  C  for  their  final  expulsion,  which  is 
effected  by  opening  the  stop-cocks  J  in  the  blow-off  pipes. 


542 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


Claim.—- In  the  construction  of  a  steam-boiler  of  any  kind,  the  arrange¬ 
ment  and  combination  of  the  valved  partition,  blow-off  pipes,  and  cock 
or  valves,  so  as  to  expel  its  sediment,  mud,  scales,  impurities,  or  in¬ 
crustations,  at  any  time  and  in  a  few  minutes,  by  the  joint  or  separate 
force  and  pressure  of  its  own  steam  and  water,  without  exhausting 
either  or  suspending  any  of  its  ordinary  duties  or  business,  and  thus 
render  a  steam-boiler  strictly  and  thoroughly  self-cleaning,  substan¬ 
tially  as  herein  specified. 


No.  12,665. — -Horace  Boardman. — Improvement  m  Steam-Boilers 

Patented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  117.) 

In  boilers  with  vertical  flues  the  tendency  of  the  flame  and  heated 
products  of  combustion  is  to  pass  over  the  first  flues  of  the  series 
nearest  to  the  fire-box,  and  not  to  descend  them  until  checked  near  the 
end  of  the  boiler.  This  disseminates  the  burning  products  and  heat 
unequally  through  the  flues.  To  overcome  this  irregularity  is  the  ob¬ 
ject  of  this  improvement.  The  tubes  F  are  gradually  diminishing  in 
diameter  throughout  the  boiler,  the  larger  ones  being  placed  nearest  the 
fire-box  A,  and  the  smallest  most  remote  from  it,  so  as  to  have  more 
flue  space  at  one  end  than  at  the  other,  and  thus  draw  the  heat  through 
those  tubes  over  which  its  tendency  to  pass  is  the  greatest,  and  re¬ 
strain  its  passage  through  those  in  which  the  greater  quantity  of  heat 
tends  to  pass,  and  thus  equalize  the  heat  throughout  combustion  cham¬ 
ber  E.  Instead  of  diminishing  the  size  of  the  tubes,  only  the  tops  of 
them  may  be  gradually  diminished,  leaving  the  main  part  of  them  of 
uniform  size.  This  can  be  done  by  using  a  series  of  thimbles  a  (fig.  3), 
of  the  proper  inner  diameters. 

The  plates  H,  of  the  form  exhibited  in  the  illustration,  are  to  facili¬ 
tate  the  egress  of  the  heat  from  the  larger  tubes  and  to  check  it  through 
the  smaller  ones,  so  as  to  regulate  the  egress  of  the  heat,  on  the  same 
principle  as  its  ingress  (above  described).  By  inclining  the  tube- 
sheets  so  as  to  be  at  right-angles  with  the  inclined  tubes,  there  is  no 
difficulty  in  riveting.  If  the  tubes  were  not  perpendicular  to  the 
tube-sheets,  the  ends  of  the  tubes  would  have  to  be  bent  to  meet  the 
sheets. 

Claim.— 1st.  The  graduation  of  the  openings  in  the  flues  or  tubes,  in 
the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

2d.  In  connection  with  the  flues  or  tubes,  the  semi-division  flue- 
plates  II,  in  the  chamber  G,  for  regulating  and  equalizing  the  egress  of 
the  heated  products  through  said  tubes,  as  set  forth. 

3d.  The  inclination  of  the  tubes  and  tube-sheets,  for  the  double 
purpose  of  preserving  a  space  between  the  tubes  for  the  sediment  to 
collect  in,  and  from  which  it  can  be  readily  removed,  and  for  preserv¬ 
ing  a  square  surface  between  the  tops  of  the  tubes  and  said  sheets,  so 
that  they  can  be  fairly  riveted,  as  set  forth. 


YI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


543 


No.  12,673.— Josiah  J.  Dutcher.— • Improvements  in  Locomotive  Boilers . 

-—Patented  April  10,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  117.) 

The  inverted  cone  E,  presenting  a  large  heating  surface  to  the  fire 
with  which  it  is  surrounded,  is  to  generate  steam  rapidly,  and  is  also 
intended  to  preyent  the  fire  packing,  as  the  fire-box  is  larger  at  the 
bottom  than  at  the  top,  where  it  receives  the  fuel,  and  allows  the  free 
escape  of  ashes. 

By  bringing  the  rod  L  in  the  position  indicated  in  the  figure  in 
broken  lines,  the  grates  J  J  and  ash- traps  c  will  assume  the  position 
represented  in  the  figure  by  broken  lines.  The  fire'  will  fall  through 
the  traps  into  the  ash-pan.  By  removing  the  lever  to  its  original  posi¬ 
tion,  the  grates  and  traps  are  quickly  replaced.  The  curb-plates  g 
and  h  are  to  prevent  any  live  coals  quickly  running  out,  and  also  to 
allow  the  ashes,  &c.,  to  cool  before  leaving  the  ash-pan. 

Figs.  1  and  2  are  vertical  sections,  fig.  3  a  sectional  plan. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  within-described  arrangement  of  water-spaces 
within  and  contiguous  to  the  furnace,  and  leading  therefrom  to  the 
body  of  the  boiler,  consisting  of  the  horizontal  pipe  D,  inverted  cone 
E,  upright  tube  G,  and  horizontal  tube  I,  all  connected  substantially  as 
herein  described.  (See  illustration.) 

2d.  In  combination  with  a  hinged  fire-grate  or  grates  to  the  boiler- 
furnace,  I  claim  providing  hinged  traps  in  the  ash-pan,  to  be  lowered 
and  raised,  or  opened  and  closed,  simultaneously  with  the  fire-grate  or 
grates,  by  means' of  an  upright  rod  K  passing  through  the  boiler,  and 
suspended  from  a  lever  L,  within  the  control  of  the  engineer  or  fire¬ 
man  while  at  his  usual  post,  the  said  rod  K  operating  upon  the  said 
grates  and  traps  by  means  of  arms  d  d  dl  d1  or  their  equivalents,  all 
substantial^  as  herein  described.  (See  illustration) 

3d.  Retarding  the  escape  down  the  inclined  ash-pan  of  the  ashes, 
coal,  &c.,  falling  thereon  through  the  grate  by  means  of  curb-plate  g  h, 
arranged  as  described,  or  in  any  equivalent  manner,  to  make  the  said 
ashes,  coal,  &c.,  take  a  circuitous  direction. 


No.  12,835.— -Thomas  J.  Sloan. — Improvement  in  Apparatus  for  Regu¬ 
lating  Supply  of  Water  to  Steam-Boilers.- — Patented  May  S,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  117.) 

The  float  b  within  the  boiler  a  is  attached  to  a  rock-shaft  d,  by  means 
of  a  rod  c.  The  shaft  d,  which  has  steam-tight  bearings  in  the  casing 
e,  has  on  its  outer  end  an  arm/,  which  is  connected  (by  means  of  link 
g)  to  catch  k ,  which  is  pivoted  to  the  stem  i  of  the  steam-whistle  valve 
j.  The  stem  k  of  the  supply-valve  is  linked  to  rock-shaft  n,  which 
shaft  has  on  its  outer  end  an  arm  o,  provided  with  a  pin  p. 

When  the  water  in  the  boiler  gets  low,  the  sinking  of  the  float  raises 
arm  f  and  catch  h ,  until  pin  p  of  vibrating-arm  o  touches  said  catch, 
and  draws  out  tho  steam  whistle- valve/  thereby  giving  the  alarm. 

When  the  water  and  float  rise  above  the  high-water  mark,  the  arm 
/is  depressed  until  the  upper  end  of  arm  o  strikes  the  front  part  of  said 
arm  /,  (as  shown  in  dotted  lines  in  fig.  1,)  whereby  the  supply- valve 


544 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES, 


is  kept  open,  so  that  the  water  which  is  forced  in  at  every  stroke  of  the 
supply-pump  will  follow  the  piston  back  and  run  out  of  the  boiler,  until 
the  sinking  of  the  float  again  sets  free  the  arm  o. 

Claim . — The  employment  of  the  feed-water  before  it  enters  the 
boiler  as  a  motor,  for  giving  the  alarm  when  the  water  is  too  low  in  a 
steam-boiler  or  generator,  substantially  as  described,  in  combination 
with  the  float  inside  the  boiler,  for  indicating  the  level  of  water  and 
setting  the  mechanism,  that  the  alarm  may  be  operated  by  the 
mechanism  receiving  motion  from  the  feed- water,  substantially  as 
specified. 

Also,  stopping  the  supply  of  water  to  the  boiler  by  the  employment 
of  a  stop  to  check  the  working  of  the  valve,  substantially  as  specified ; 
but  this  I  only  claim  when  the  said  stop  is  simply  set  by  the  float  with¬ 
in  the  boiler,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,893. — Thomas  G.  Boone. — -Improvement  in  Steam-Boilers . — - 

Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  118.) 

The  radiant  heat  is  conducted  from  the  grates  K  to  the  water 
through  the  tubes  G  G1  G2,  while  that  portion  of  heat  not  so  taken  off 
either  remains  to  support  combustion,  or  is  carried  and  applied  to  the 
upper  part  of  the  tubes,  and  to  the  tube-sheet  F.  The  upper  parts  of 
the  tubes  are  adapted,  from  the  extensive  surface  therein  presented,  to 
take  from  the  flame,  or  heated  air,  and  make  effective  in  generating 
steam  the  heat  ol  that  part  of  the  combustion,  in  addition  to  that  taken 
direct  from  the  fuel  itself  through  the  lower  part  of  the  tubes.  The 
heated  air  is  made  still  further  effective  by  the  employment  of  the 
tubes  L  and  p,  which  present  a  considerable  immersed  surface.  The 
ascent  of  steam  and  water  in  the  tubes  G  G1  G2  causes  a  downward 
current  in  X,  to  supply  the  displacement  from  the  chamber  C,  which, 
after  ebullition  commences,  is  soon  heated  by  water  from  the  lower 
end  of  the  tubes  X.  By  this  arrangement,  the  tubes  GG1  G2  are  plen¬ 
tifully  supplied  with  water,  while  exposed  to  the  intense  radiated  heat. 
The  tubes  L  are  placed  inside  of  the  tubes  G1  G2,  and  are  protected 
from  the  action  of  the  fire  by  being  packed  around  with  fire-clay  and 
sand,  or  with  any  non-conducting  material. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  vertical  water-tubes,  fire-surfaces, 
upper  and  lower  water-spaces  C  and  D,  and  non-conducting  lining, 
for  giving  circulation,  substantially  as  herein  set  forth. 


No.  12,993. — Thomas  Champion. — Improvement  in  Feeding  Water  to 

Steam-Boilers. — Patented  June  5,  1855.  (Idates,  p.  118.) 

This  improvement  serves  to  sprinkle  all  the  inner  surface  of  the 
boiler  that  is  bare,  or  likely  to  become  bare  of  water,  while  fire  is  act¬ 
ing  on  the  opposite  sides  of  the  plates. 

X  claim  supplying  steam-boilers  with  all  their  water  through  a 
sprinkler  that  is  connected  with  the  lower  water-space  and  feed-pipe 
by  a  valve  at  their  junction,  which  allows  the  water  that  passes  up 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


545 


through  the  sprinkler  to  jet  the  plates  when  the  pump  is  not  acting, 
and  so  long  as  any  water  remains  in  the  boiler  above  the  fire  or 
feed-pipe,  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,111. — Charles  F.  Thomas. — Improvement  in  Steam-Boilers . — 

Patented  June  19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  118.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

Claim. — The  improvement  of  extending  the  tube-sheet  o,  smoke- 
tubes  P  P,  and  boiler  M,  or  its  enclosing-sheet  R,  into  the  fire-place  I, 
and  over  the  fire-grate  K,  as  described,  in  order  not  only  that  the  part 
so  extended  may  serve  as  a  beam  or  strut  to  support  the  crown-sheet 
against  the  superincumbent  pressure  of  the  steam,  but  that  the  flame 
and  gases  from  the  fire  may  not  only  pass  against  the  tube-sheet  and 
enclosing-sheet.  R  of  the  extended  part  of  the  boiler,  but  also  through 
the  extended  parts  of  the  tubes  within  such  projected  part  of  the  boiler, 
as  specified,  the  same  serving  to  greatly  increase  the  extent  of  heating- 
surface  exposed  to  the  fire. 


No.  13,146.— -Thos.  Champion. — Improved  Steam-Boiler  Furnace* — Pat¬ 
ented  June  26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  118.) 

When  the  fires  are  up,  the  damper  I  and  the  furnace  and  draught-doors 
are  closed.  The  steam  from  the  engine  is  then  let  into  the  pipe  A,  and 
through  its  branches  into  the  flues  C,  where  it  mingles  with  and  drives 
the  smoke  and  other  gases  back  into  the  fire  to  be.  consumed ;  thus  fur¬ 
nishing  a  forced  draught  through  the  flues  and  back  into  the  fire  ;  the 
necessary  atmospheric  air  being  furnished  through  pipes  D  E  to  keep 
up  regular  combustion. 

Claim. — Using  the  exhaust-steam  in  a  closed  stack,  as  a  blower  to 
return  the  heated  gases  or  products  of  combustion,  with  which  it  com¬ 
mingles  back  through  flues  or  passages  to  the  fire  again  and  again,  to 
be  reburned,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,168. — Jacob  Harshman. — Improvement  in  Steam-Boilers. — Pat¬ 
ented  July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  118.) 

The  inventor  says,  in  his  specification:  “I  maintain  that,  in  case  of 
steam-boilers,  the  copper  covering  C  holds  a  peculiar  government  over 
the  elements  within  a  boiler  in  affinity  with  certain  external  elements; 
that  in  certain  localities  there  are  elements  surrounding  the  steam- 
room  of  boilers  that  will,  under  certain  conditions  of  heat,  unite  in 
explosive  proportion  with  the  elements  within.  The  copper  covering 
will  conduct  off  the  excess  of  caloric  in  such  cases,  so  that  violent 
explosions  will  be  prevented.  By  applying  the  copper  covering  to 
stoves,  the  surrounding  atmosphere  is  prevented  from  being  vitiated  by 
deleterious  gases,  which  emanate  from  ordinary  iron  stoves.  The  heat 
is  radiated  more  uniformly  through  the  room.” 

95 


546 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


Claim,. — ‘Forming  an  external  casing  or  covering  of  copper  for  stoves 
and  all  heat-diffusing  devices,  or  apparatus,  and  steam-boilers,  in 
the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  as  herein  shown  and  described. 


No.  19,193. — Robt.  Wilson. — Improvement  in  Apparatus  for  Heating 

Feed- Water  to  Steam-Boilers. — Patented  July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 

118.) 

The  escape-pipe  b  from  the  cylinder  enters  the  cistern  c,  and  has  a 
valve  on  its  upper  end  to  allow  the  escape  of  steam,  and  to  prevent  the 
ingress  of  water  from  the  cistern.  The  exit-pipe  f  is  bell-mouthed  at 
top  to  collect  the  condensed  steam,  as  said  steam  strikes  the  cold  air. 
Pipe  e  supplies  a  constant  jet  of  cold  water.  Pipe  g,  with  a  force-pump 
within  it  and  a  valve  at  bottom,  serves  to  urge  the  water  from  the  cis¬ 
tern  into  the  boiler  and  thus  keep  it  supplied. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  feed-water  pipe  e,  opening  within 
the  exit-steam  pipe  f  in  relation  to  the  exhaust-steam  pipe  b ,  within 
the  feed-water  reservoir,  whereby  the  entire  exhaust-steam  may  be 
condensed,  and  the  entire  feed-water  pass  through  the  reservoir,  ope¬ 
rating  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,223. — James  Murphy. — Improvement  in  Steam-Boilers. — Patent¬ 
ed  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  118.) 

c  is  the  tube  with  the  bead  n,  and  d  is  the  tube-sheet,  grooved  so  as 
to  receive  the  metal  o. 

Claim . — In  the  construction  of  tubular  steam-boilers  in  combina¬ 
tion  with  beads  or  their  equivalents  on  the  tubes,  grooving  the  surface 
of  the  tube-sheets  around  or  partly  around  the  tube-holes,  to  receive  the 
metal  of  the  tube  when  riveted,  substantially  as  described,  by  means  of 
which  I  am  enabled  more  effectually  to  secure  tight  and  strong  joints 
than  by  any  other  known  method,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,298. — Wm.  Ball. — Improvement  in  Feeding  Water  to  Steam- 

Boilers  by  Auxiliary  Engines. — Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 

118.) 

Pipe  F,  which  connects  the  boiler  A  with  the  feed-engine,  (not  rep¬ 
resented  in  the  engravings,)  enters  the  boiler  at  the  exact  level  at  which 
the  water  is  required  to  stand.  Should  the  water-level  rise,  the  addi¬ 
tional  quantity  of  water  thrown  into  pipe  F  would  so  obstruct  the  pass¬ 
age  of  the  steam  through  cock  M  as  instantly  to  reduce  the  speed,  and 
consequently  the  feeding  capacity,  of  the  feed-engine.  Should  the  water- 
level  fall  below  the  mouth  of  the  pipe,  steam  alone  would  pass  through 
the  pipe,  and  thus  the  speed  of  the  feed-engine  would  be  accelerated. 

Claim. — Causing  the  pipe  F,  which  conveys  the  steam  from  the 
boiler  to  the  feed-engine,  to  enter  the  boiler  at  the  exact  level  at  which 
the  water  is  required  to  stand,  for  the  purpose  substantially  as  set  forth. 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES.  547 

No.  13,-363. — Paul  Stillman. — Improvement  in  Water-Gauges  for 

Steam-Boilers . — Patented  July  31,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  118.) 

A  is  the  boiler-head  to  which  the  gauge  is  attached;  B  glass  tube ; 
G  the  chamber,  and  h  the  key  of  a  cock  for  forming  or  stopping  the 
connexion  between  the  tube  and  the  boiler ;  j  guards  for  protecting  the 
glass  tube,  secured  to  G  by  passing  through  lugs  on  G,  so  that  they 
may  be  removed  if  necessary.  The  glass  can  be  easily  removed  and 
replaced  by  removing  one  of  the  keys,  the  axes  of  which  are  on  a  line 
with  the  tube  ;  by  this  means,  also,  access  can  be  had  to  the  glass  for 
other  purposes  ;  and  by  reversing  the  upper  key,  water  can  be  blown 
through  the  glass  ;  and  by  reversing  the  lower  key,  steam  is  blown 
through  so  as  to  cleanse  the  tube. 

Claim. — The  described  glass  water-gauges,  in  their  construction  and 
arrangement  as  specified,  with  the  cocks  having  the  axes  of  their  cham¬ 
bers  and  keys  in  line  with  that  of  the  glass  tube,  and  the  chambers 
having  double  water-ways,  for  the  purposes  set  forth,  and  the  movable 
guard-rods  supported  by  lugs  on  the  chambers,  in  the  manner  described. 


No.  13,425. — J.  J.  Dutcher. — Improvement  in  Steam-Boilers. — Patented 

August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  119.) 

The  products  of  combustion  pass  from  the  fire-box  F  through  a" C 
h  d  D  and  l  to  the  smoke-box.  The  water  circulates  around  a  C, 
through  C,  between  e  and  d,  through  g  and  l,  and  around  D,  having 
a  complete  circulation  both  through  and  around  the  flues. 

Claim . — 1st.  Placing  within  the  cylindrical  water-body  B  of  a  boiler 
one  or  more  cylindrical  flues  C  or  D,  terminating  at  their  ends  in 
frustrumsof  cones,  which  frustrums  all  have  the  truncated  ends  towards 
the  fire-box,  and  the  bases  towards  the  chimney,  and  serve  to  form 
communication  through  the  cylinders  from  the  fire-box  and  towards  the 
chimney,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

2d.  The  arrangement  of  the  two  cylinders  C  D,  cones  a  b  df,  pipes 
c  g ,  passages  h  and  l ,  as  fully  described. 


No.  13,488.— Frederick  P.  Dimpfel. — Improved  Method  of  Facilita¬ 
ting  the  Removal  of  Incrustation  from  Steam-Boilers. — Patented  August 
28,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  119.) 

Metal  plates  b  are  inserted  into  the  tubes,  so  as  to  prevent  the  in-  • 
crustation  from  forming  on  the  entire  circle  of  the  tube-surface,  which 
causes  a  main  difficulty  in  the  cleaning  process,  as  the  circular  crust 
must  first  be  broken  before  it  can  be  removed. 

Claim. — The  method,  substantially  as  described,  of  facilitating  the 
removal  of  incrustation  in  steam-boilers,  by  inducing  breaks  in  the 
circle  of  the  incrustation,  in  the  manner  described. 


548 


YI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


No.  13,567. — Joel  Densmore. — Improvement  in  Feed-Water  Apparatus 

of  Steam-Boilers. — Patented  September  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  119.) 

The  sliding- valve  E  uncovers  the  hole  F  at  the  time  the  piston-head 
I  arrives  at  the  end  of  its  stroke  towards  F.  The  pressure  of  the 
water  in  the  boiler  through  pipe  M  closes  the  valve  P.  The  motion  of 
piston-head  I  towards  F,  together  with  the  condensation  of  the  steam 
in  the  pump-cylinder  S,  opens  valve  O,  thereby  drawing  the  water  up 
through  tube  N;  and  filling  the  pump-cylinder.  The  hole  F  remains 
open  until  the  piston  gets  to  the  end  of  its  stroke  towards  the  boiler  A, 
when  it  closes,  and  remains  closed  until  the  piston-head  gets  back  to 
the  end  of  its  stroke  towards  F.  As  the  piston-head  moves  towards 
the  boiler,  the  cylinder  behind  it  is  filled  with  steam  admitted  from 
pipe  C  by  the  opening  of  valve  E,  while  the  water  with  which  the 
cylinder  was  filled  is  forced  into  the  boiler  through  valve  P  and  pipe 
M.  If  the  water  should  rise  any  higher  than  line  B,  it  would  be 
forced  by  the  steam  through  C,  and  through  valve-opening  E  into  the 
pump-cylinder,  and  through  piston-valve  K,  and  at  the  return-stroke 
of  the  piston-head  it  would  be  repumped  into  boiler  A. 

I  claim  the  arrangement  ol  the  tube  C,  to  enter  the  boiler  at  the 
water-line  B,  with  the  steam- chest  and  pump- cylinder,  constructed 
and  operated  in  the  manner,  described,  by  which  the  steam  of  the 
Bbilers  assists  the  pump  worked  by  the  engine  to  force  water  into  the 
boiler,  as  herein  set  forth. 


No.  13,583. — John  M.  Reeder. — Improvement  in  Safety  Apparatus  for 

Steam-Boilers . — Patented  September  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  119.) 

The  object  of  this  invention  is  to  limit  the  engineer  to  any  given 
quantity  of  steam,  and  make  it  impossible  for  him  to  carry  more,  as 
slot  F,  in  socket  D,  permits  stem  F  to  rise  with  weight  G,  which  is 
to  be  the  exact  weight  of  steam  required,  while  the  upper  collar  P, 
on  stem  B,  prevents  weight  on  ring  A  having  any  effect,  and  the  collar 
F,  below  cap  C,  prevents  stem  B  from  being  taken  out.  When  the 
steam  exceeds  the  given  limit,  the  water  flows  freely  (see  arrows),  and 
dampens  the  fire.  The  valve  I  then  immediately  seats  itself. 

Claim. — Connecting  the  valve-stems  D  and  F,  so  that  the  valve  I 
may  be  raised  by  hand  from  the  outside  to  flood  the  fires,  but  cannot 
be  weighted  from  the  outside  to  increase  the  steam  over  a  given  quan¬ 
tity,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,619. — Chas.  Moore. — Improvement  in  Steam-Boilers. — Patented 
October  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  119.) 

A  circular  partition  T  surrounds  the  water-space  S,  extending  up 
above  the  water-line  U,  so  as  to  prevent  the  highly  heated  water  over 
the  flue-chamber  I,  and  that  which  passes  up  through  pipes  P,  from 
mixing  with  the  water  next  to  the  outside  of  the  boiler,  so  as  to  gener¬ 
ate  most  of  the  steam  in  the  pipes  P,  and  over  the  chamber  I,  and  inside 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


549 


the  partition  T,  without  heating  all  the  water  in  the  boiler  so  hot  as 
would  be  necessary  if  the  circulation  of  the  water  were  not  limited. 

The  horizontal  parts  of  the  tubes  are  surrounded  by  the  burning  fuel, 
so  as  to  generate  the  steam  from  the  heat  of  the  centre  of  the  fire. 

1st.  I  claim,  limiting  the  circulation  of  the  water  in  a  steam-boiler,  by 
means  of  a  partition  so  constructed  as  to  separate  the  water  over  the 
fire,  or  some  portion  of  it,  or  the  water  which  is  highly  heated,  or  that 
which  ascends  through  the  tubes,  from  mixing  with  the  water  around 
the  sides  of  the  boiler,  which  is  at  a  lower  temperature,  substantially 
as  described,  for  the  purposes  set  forth,  and  thereby  prevent  it  from 
descending,  so  as  to  enter  the  tubes  again  at  their  lower  ends. 

2d.  I  claim  so  constructing  and  arranging  the  tubes  in  the  fire* space 
that  the  burning  fuel  will  surround  the  horizontal  parts  of  the  tubes 
and  a  portion  of  the  perpendicular  parts,  substantially  as  described,  for 
the  purposes  set  forth. 

3d.  I  claim  extending  the  tubes  downwards,  which  pass  through  the 
fire- space  after  they  leave  said  space,  and  termininating  them  perpen¬ 
dicularly  in  the  water-space,  so  as  to  prevent  or  retard  the  water  which 
is  highly  heated,  or  the  steam  generated  in  the  tubes,  from  escaping  at 
the  lower  end,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,761. — Henry  N.  Pettengill. — Improvement  in  Steam-Boilers.- — 

Patented  November  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  119.) 

The  fire  from  the  furnace  passes  through  the  flues  C  to  the  back  end 
of  the  boiler  into  a  casing,  from  which  it  returns  through  the  flues  E. 
The  water-chambers  H  connect  with  the  boiler  at  H1.  The  projec¬ 
tions  I  I1  extend  longitudinally  from  one  end  of  the  boiler  to  the  other. 
The  feed-water  pipe  J  communicates  with  the  projections  I  by  means 
of  the  pipes  J1,  and  with  the  chambers  H  by  the  pipes  J2.  By  means 
of  the  chambers  H  there  is  no  waste'  heat,  as  the  heat,  in  passing 
through  the  outside  mam  flues,  is  taken  up  in  the  water-chambers  H 
and  outside  projections  I1.  Thus  a  large  amount  of  fire-surface  is 
obtained. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  any  one  of  the  several  parts  de¬ 
scribed  ;  but  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  flues  C  and  E,  the  water- 
chambers  Id  H,  and  projections  I  and  I1,  with  the  feed- water  pipes  J 
and  J1,  combined  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,903. — Josephus  Echols. — Improvement  in  Water-Gauges  for 

Steam-Boilers. — Patented  December  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  119.) 

B  is  the  gauge-tube ;  I,  the  float  with  the  scale  suspended  from  it, 
the  latter  passing  down  below  the  apertures  G  H  ;  these  apertures  are 
provided  with  glasses  g  convex  towards  the  interior  of  the  tube,  so  as 
to  be  able  to  resist  the  inside  pressure.  The  scale  can  be  seen  and 
read  off  through  said  glasses.  The  upper  end  of  the  tube  communi¬ 
cates  with  the  steam,  and  the  lower  end  with  the  water  in  the  boiler,  as 
usual. 

The  inventor  says :  Although  I  have  described  the  glasses  on  eacf 


550 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


side  as  being  attached  to  nuts  in  frames  which  can  be  removed,  I  do 
not  wish  to  limit  myself  to  this,  as  glasses  on  one  side  may  be  secured 
directly  to  the  gauge-tube,  and  be  got  at  for  the  purpose  of  cleaning 
when  the  glass  or  glasses  are  removed  on  the  other  side. 

Nor  do  I  wish  to  be  understood  as  limiting  myself  to  the  special 
mode  of  construction  specified,  as  other  equivalent  modes  may  be  sub¬ 
stituted. 

I  claim  making  gauge-tubes,  for  indicating  the  height  of  water  in 
steam-boilers,  with  an  aperture  provided  with  convex  glass,  presenting 
the  convex  or  arched  surface  to  the  pressure  in  the  tube,  substantially 
as  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  13,983. — Henry  F.  Gossin  and  Louis  A.  Gossin. — Improvement  in 

Steam-Boiler  Furnaces. — Patented  December  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 

119.) 

The  partition  walls  12  3  and  4  are  all  arched  at  the  bottom  so  as  to 
leave  open  spaces ;  the  partitions  2  and  4  come  close  up  to  the  boiler 
and  support  it,  but  the  partitions  1  and  3  leave  open  spaces  between 
their  upper  edges  and  the  surface  of  the  boiler.  The  cold  air,  by 
reason  of  its  greater  gravity,  will  pass  through  the  lower  arches,  and 
the  heated  air  will  ascend  and  pass  through  the  said  passages  between 
the  upper  edges  of  the  partitions  and  the  boiler. 

Claim. — Constructing  the  flues  of  boiler-furnaces  with  cross-walls, 
or  diaphragms,  perforated  with  passages,  substantially  in  the  manner 
and  for  the  purposes  described. 


No.  13,209. — Francis  Brown  Blanchard. — Improvement  in  Air  and 

Steam  Engines. — Patented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  120.) 

A  communication  between  the  steam-space  A  and  either  one  or  both 
the  chambers  C  C1  can  be  effected  by  opening  or  closing  the  valves  v 
on  top  of  the  pipes  M  M.  When  the  steam  is  admitted  into  chamber 
C,  it  will  take  up  a  portion  of  the  heat  therein,  thus  reducing  the  heat 
of  the  gases  therein  and  increasing  the  rapidity  of  the  current  passing 
through  the  stack  of  pipes  into  chamber  C1.  Such  an  increase  in  the 
velocity  of  the  current  will,  of  course,  cause  it  to  yield  up  less  of  its 
heat  to  the  tubes  than  would  result  were  it  to  remain  longer  in  contact 
with  them.  If  steam  is  admitted  into  C1,  the  volume  to  pass  through 
the  tubular  stack  will  be  diminished,  consequently  its  motion  slower; 
and,  after  it  has  expended  most  of  its  heat  in  the  tubular  stack,  it  will 
come  in  contact  with  the  steam,  to  which  it  will  yield  a  portion  of  its 
heat  until  the  temperature  of  the  mixture  is  equalized. 

In  the  diagram,  fig.  1,  A  is  the  boiler;  I,  the  air-receiver;  A1,  the 
air-condenser;  and  A2,  the  air-pump.  E,  fuel-supplying  tube ;  h  are 
the  grate-bars. 

The  inventor  says :  I  claim ,  as  arranged  with  the  boiler  and  stack  of 
tubes  b  b  b,  or  their  equivalents,  the  two  chambers  C  C1  and  their  re¬ 
spective  connection-pipes  M  M ;  such  chambers,  pipes,  and  stack  of 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


551 


tubes  being  used  for  the  purpose  of  regulating  the  temperature  of  the 
mixture  of  steam  and  gases,  or  producing  results  substantially  as  spe¬ 
cified. 

I  also  claim,  in  combination  with  the  air-pump  and  the  furnace,  the 
tubular  air- condenser,  constructed  substantially  as  described,  and  for 
the  purpose  of  reducing  the  heat  of  the  condensed  air  and  relieving  the 
air-pump  from  back  pressure,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

I  claim  combining  with  the  coal-feeder  the  distributing  valve  /.  I 
do  not  claim  hollow  grates,  but  I  claim  arranging  them  on  an  angle,  as 
described,  in  combination  with  arranging  them  with  and  directly  under 
a  fuel-supplying  tube  or  hopper,  so  that  the  fuel  dropped  out  of  the 
latter,  and  upon  the  inclined  grates,  may  be  distributed  by  them,  as  set 
forth. 


No.  13,348. — John  Ericsson. — Improvement  in  Air-Engines. — Patented 

July  31,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  120.) 

b1,  working-piston ;  c1,  supply-piston;/,  exhaust-port;  e,  induction- 
port.  The  regenerator  consists  of  tubes  Jc ;  m  are  the  heater- tubes.  By 
means  of  a  hand  air-pump,  applied  to  some  part  ol  the  regenerator,  a 
supply  of  atmospheric  air  is  introduced  at  about  the  pressure  of  the 
atmosphere,  and  then  the  engine  is  in  a  condition  to  begin  its  operation. 
Starting  with  the  pistons  of  one  engine  in  the  position  represented  in 
figure  2,  at  the  extremity  of  their  outward-stroke,  as  the  crank  s1,  moving 
in  the  direction  indicated  by  the  arrows,  is  making  that  part  of  its  cir¬ 
cuit  near  the  outer  dead-point,  and  therefore  imparting  but  little  mo¬ 
tion  to  the  working-piston  b1,  the  supply- piston  c 1  is  carried  from  the 
working- piston  and  towards  the  head  of  the  cylinder  with  a  rapid  mo¬ 
tion  by  the  action  of  the  cam  K1  on  the  roller  J2  of  the  arm  g1,  the 
cam  rotating  in  the  direction  of  the  arrow,  and  its  acting  face  being 
formed  as  represented,  that  the  piston  maybe  gradually  started,  rapidly 
accelerated,  and,  near  the  end,  gradually  arrested,  and  there  retained  in 
a  state  of  rest  as  the  extremity  of  the  cam  passes  the  roller.  During 
this  inward  motion  of  the  supply-piston,  the  working-piston  will  be 
opened  by  the  pressure  of  the  atmosphere,  to  permit  cold  air  to  enter 
and  fill  that  part  of  the  cylinder  between  the  two  pistons.  So  soon  as 
the  supply-piston  stops,  the  exhaust-port  closes,  and  the  continued  in¬ 
ward  motion  of  the  working -piston  begins  to  compress  the  cold  air  thus 
supplied,  which  of  course  closes  the  self-acting  valve  d1,  through  which 
the  supply  was  admitted  by  atmospheric  pessure.  Thus  supplied,  cold 
air  continues  to  be  compressed  by  the  working-piston,  until  the  end  of 
its  inward-stroke  ;  and,  as  the  power  for  effecting  this  compression  is 
derived  for  the  time  being  from  the  other  engine,  it  is  important  to  observe 
the  condition  of  the  connections.  At  the  time  the  supply-piston  of  one 
engine  is  started,  and  the  air  is  entering  by  atmospheric  pressure,  and 
when  the  arm  o1  on  rock-shaft  p1,  with  which  the  working-piston  is 
connected  by  the  rod  n1,  is  at  its  greatest  leverage,  the  corresponding  arm 
of  the  rock- shaft  of  the  opposite  engine  is  at  its  shortest  leverage,  but 
is  moved  inwards,  and  the  supply  air,  by  reason  of  being  gtadually 
compressed,  increases  the  resistance,  the  arm  o 1  gradually  shoitens  in 


552 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


leverage,  and  the  same  arm  of  the  opposite  engine  gradually,  and  in 
nearly  the  same  ratio,  increases  in  leverage  on  the  principle  of  the  bent 
lever;  thus  applying  the  power  required  to  compress  the  supply  air  to 
the  best  advantage.  It  should  be  borne  in  mind,  however,  that  the 
power  thus  applied  to  compress  the  supply  air  is  not  actually  expended, 
but  merely  borrowed;  for  it  is  so  much  added  to  the  elastic  force  of  the 
air  by  which,  when  heated,  the  engine  is  impelled. 

Just  before  the  supply-piston  begins  the  inward-stroke,  just  described, 
the  eduction-valve  g  is  opened,  the  induction-valve  h  having  been  pre¬ 
viously  closed  so  that  the  charge  of  the  heated  air,  by  which  the  pre¬ 
vious  stroke  of  the  engine  was  effected,  is  permitted  to  escape  freely 
into  the  atmosphere,  so  that  the  power  required  to  move  the  supply- 
piston  inward  is  very  slight,  the  air  escaping  freely  to  the  atmosphere 
on  one  side,  and  entering  by  atmospheric  pressure  on  the  other,  through 
the  valve  d 1  ;  but  as  the  heated  air  exhausts  or  escapes  from  the 
cylinder,  it  passes  around  and  among  the  series  of  small  tubes  k  of 
the  regenerator,  thus  imparting  its  heat  through  the  metal  of  the  tubes 
to  the  cold  air  contained  inside  of  the  tubes,  which  air  is  thus  partially 
heated  preparatory  to  being  finally  heated  in  passing  through  the  heater- 
tubes.  In  this  way,  much  of  the  heat  which  would  be  otherwise  wasted 
is  saved.  The  supply  of  cold  air  having  been  introduced  and  com¬ 
pressed,  the  engine  is  prepared  to  be  impelled  by  the  expansive  force 
of  the  heated  air.  The  eduction  valve  g  having  been  closed  during  the 
greater  part  of  the  inward  motion  of  the  working-piston,  the  induction- 
valve  h 1  is  now  opened,  which  admits  the  heated  air  from  the  heater  of 
the  cylinder,  by  which  the  supply-piston  is  forced  outwards  towards 
the  working-piston.  The  form  of  the  fall  of  the  cam  l 1  is  such  as  to 
cause  the  piston  to  be  carried  back  with  a  rapid  accelerated  motion, 
until  it  comes  nearly  in  contact  with  the  working-piston;  and,  at  first,  in 
this  outward  motion  of  the  supply-piston,  the  already  compressed  supply 
air  between  the  two  pistons  is  still  further  compressed,  not  by  the 
power  of  the  engine,  but  by  the  elastic  force  of  the  heated  air,  the 
supply-piston  being  as  it  were  Suspended  between  the  heated  air  from 
the  heater  on  one  side  and  the  cold  air  of  the  other,  with  the  self¬ 
acting  valve  r  (in  the  side  of  the  cylinder)  interposed  between  the  two ; 
for  it  must  be  remembered  that,  as  the  heater  and  regenerator  are  in 
communication,  the  air,  which  is  a  perfectly  elastic  fluid,  will  be  under 
equal  pressure  in  both,  notwithstanding  a  portion  is  more  highly  heated 
than  the  other ;  and,  as  the  supply  air  in  the  cylinder  is  simply  sepa¬ 
rated  from  the  air  in  the  regenerator  by  the  interposed  valve  r  in  the 
side  of  the  cylinder,  the  supply-piston  will  be  moved  outwards  by  the 
heated  air,  until  the  supply  air  is  compressed  to  an  equal  tension,  and 
then  the  further  motion  of  the  supply^piston,  effected  by  the  cam  ll  as  it 
approaches  the  working-piston,  will  transfer  the  supply  air  from  the 
cylinder  to  the  regenerator,  through  valve  r1.  The  only  power  expend¬ 
ed  by  the  engine  in  this  transfer  will  be  the  small  amount  required  to 
move  the  supply-piston,  between  two  equal  pressures,  to  give  the  slight 
preponderance  to  the  one  necessary  to  open  the  valve  r,  through  which 
the  transfer  is  made.  The  moment  the  supply- piston  passes  this  valve 
and  overtakes  the  working-piston,  the  preponderance  of  pressure  ceases, 
and  the  valve  closes  by  gravity. 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


553 


I  claim  the  method  of  supplying  fresh  air  to  the  engine,  compressing 
and  transferring  it  to  the  regenerator  and  heater,  or  either,  by  the  action 
of  the  supply  and  working-pistons  within  the  one  cylinder,  operating 
on  the  principle  and  in  the  manner  substantially  as  described,  whereby 
the  air  is  admitted,  under  atmospheric  pressure,  as  the  supply-piston  is 
moving  from  the  working-piston,  as  the  previous  charge  of  heated  air 
is  exhausting;  so  that  the  said  supply -piston  moves  in  equilibrio,  or 
nearly  so,  and  by  which  also  the  supply-air  is  finally  compressed  and 
then  transferred  to  the  regenerator  and  heater,  or  either,  as  the  supply- 
piston  moves  between  the  supply-air  and  heated- air,  during  the  periods 
of  the  nearly  stationary  position  of  the  working-piston. 

I  also  claim,  in  combination  with  the  double-piston  movement  of 
each  cylinder,  the  methods  of  connecting  the  working-pistons  of  two 
single-acting  engines  to  constitute  a  double-acting  engine,  by  means  of 
two  sets  of  vibratory  arms  attached  to  each  other,  and  vibrating  on  a 
common  centre  connected  with  the  two  working-pistons,  and  with  the 
two  cranks  on  opposite  sides  of  the  crank-shaft,  the  two  sets  of  arms 
acting  on  the  principle  of  the  bent-lever,  and  the  crank- shaft  being  so 
located  1  elatively  to  the  cylinders  and  the  centres  of  vibration  of  the 
arms,  substantially  as  described,  that  the  working-piston  shall  be  at 
the  end  of  its  inward  stroke  at  the  time  the  crank  is  passing  the  dead 
point  furthest  from  the  point  of  connection  of  the  connecting-rods  with 
the  vibrating-arm,  as  described,  by  which  the  power  of  that  working- 
piston  which  is  being  impelled  by  the  heated  air  is  applied  to  the  best 
advantage  to  operate  the  other  working-piston  during  its  return-stroke, 
and  by  which  also  the  working  piston  remains  nearly  at  rest  during 
the  time  the  supply-piston  is  making  that  part  of  its  outward-stroke, 
during  which  the  partially-compressed  air  is  finally  and  fully  com¬ 
pressed  and  transferred  to  the  regenerator  and  heater,  or  either,  as 
described. 


No.  12,715. — Alfred  Drake. — Improvement  in  Explosive- Gas  Engines. 

— Patented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  121.) 

• 

The  water-jacket  1 1  surrounds  the  cylinder,  and  communicates,  by 
means  of  pipe  t,  with  the  stationary  tube  P  P1,  on  which  the  hollow 
piston-rod  slides ;  and  the  water  passes  from  the  interior  of  the  piston- 
rod  through  opening  3  into  the  hollow  piston,  circulates  therein,  and 
returns  into  the  piston-rod  through  aperture  4,  and  finally  escapes  from 
the  piston-rod  through  the  hole  5.  A  stuffing-box  x,  packed  with  as¬ 
bestos,  or  fine  wire,  forms  a  tight  joint  between  the  piston-rod  and  tube 
P  P1,  at  the  extreme  end  of  the  former. 

The  construction  of  the  igniter  is  apparent  from  the  figure.  .  The 
blow-pipe  y  y 1  is  attached  to  the  under-side  of  cap  v  vl ;  the  thimble 
s  s1  s 2  is  attached  to  the  under-side  of  the  piece  k  kl. 

In  starting  the  engine,  a  quantity  of  air  and  gas  is  thrown  (by  a 
hand:pump)  into  reservoir  R,  sufficient  to  heat  up  the  igniter,  the  pis¬ 
ton  being  so  placed  that  the  extremity  of  one  of  the  igniters  s1  is  ex¬ 
posed.  Cock  l ,  attached  to  the  supply -pipe  which  communicates  with 
the  blow-pipe  y  ylt  is  then  opened,  and  a  light  applied  to  opening  u , 


554 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


and  thus  the  trail  is  fired.  The  flame  of  the  compound  blow-pipe 
being  directed  against  sl,  raises  the  temperature  of  the  igniter  at  s1  to 
the  exploding  point.  The  first  motion  of  the  piston  is  then  given  by 
throwing  into  the  cylinder,  from  reservoir  R,  an  explosive  mixture, 
which,  being  fired  by  the  igniter,  impels  the  piston.  The  piston,  in 
its  travel,  draws  in  a  charge  through  the  induction-valve,  at  the  oppo¬ 
site  end.  This  charge  is,  in  turn,  fired  by  the  exposed  igniter  at  the 
opposite  end,  and  thus  a  reciprocating  motion  is  maintained. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  wish  to  claim  the  employment  or  appli¬ 
cation  of  explosive  admixtures  of  gases  to  engines  ; 

But  I  do  claim:  1st.  The  igniting  apparatus,  composed  of  the  thimble 
s  sl  s 2  and  the  interior  tube  or  blow-pipe  y  y1,  arranged  and  operating 
substantially  as  hereinbefore  described. 

2d.  The  arrangement  and  combination  of  the  hollow  piston-rod, 
piston,  and  jacket  surrounding  the  cylinder,  for  the  purpose  of  main¬ 
taining  a  constant  circulation  of  water  for  cooling,  substantially  as 
hereinbefore  described. 


No.  13,598. — William  Mt.  Storm. — Improved  Method  of  Actuating 

Gas-Engines. — Patented  September  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  121.) 

Let  A  represent  the  cylinder  of  an  engine  in  all  respects  similar 
to  the  steam-engine.  Upon  the  top  of  its  valve-chest  A1  is  located  the 
chamber  or  separator  B,  in  which  is  a  double  coil  B1,  which  communi¬ 
cates  by  the  pipe  C  with  a  small  water-boiler,  or  heater,  or,  more 
specifically,  with  the  water-space  or  bottom  of  such  heater,  which  is 
not  shown  on  the  drawing.  The  top  end  C1  of  the  coil,  which  I  call  the 
“  flasher,”  communicates  similarly  with  the  steam-space  of  such  heater. 
It  will  be  evident  that  if  the  bottom  of  the  flasher,  or  coil,  is  something 
above  the  level  of  the  water  in  the  heater,  the  coil  will  be  filled  with 
steam  of  a  temperature  corresponding  to  its  pressure,  and  the  coil  will 
thereby  be  heated  accordingly.  This  steam,  on  yielding  heat  through 
the  coil  of  the  gas-charged  water,  which  is  to  be  at  each  revolution  of 
the  engine  thrown  upon  it,  will,  in  proportion,  be  condensed  and  run 
down  by  its  gravity  back  into  the  water-space  of  the  boiler  or  heater. 
If,  on  the  other  hand,  the  height  of  the  water  in  the  heater  is  such  as  to 
fill  the  coil  with  water,  rapid  circulation  will  occur,  keeping  up  uni¬ 
formly  the  proper  temperature,  and  answer  every  requisite  for  small 
engines;  but  in  large  engines  it  is  desirable  that  the  coil  should  be 
filled  with  steam,  because  it  is  desirable  to  be  able  to  blow  through 
with  steam  and  warm  up  the  engine  before  starting — a  thing  which  the 
gas  does  not  readily  effect,  because  (and  therein  lies  one  of  the  greatest 
sources  of  economy)  it  does  not  part  with  its  latent  heat,  like  steam,  by 
contact  with  cold  surfaces  within  temperatures  at  all  approachable  in 
practice,  unless  abundance  of  water  is  at  the  same  time  present,  as 
before  explained,  and  then,  of  course,  the  water  takes  up  the  moderate 
amount  of  heat  set  free,  and  not  the  engine.  To  blow  through  with 
steam  then  at  starting,  supposing  steam  to  fill  the  coil,  I  have  a  branch 
pipe  D,  with  a  stop-cock  D1,  which  effects  the  purpose,  as  will  be 
readily  seen.  The  bed-frame,  or  shear  of  the  engine,  may  be  cast 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


555 


hollow,  so  as  to  form  an  extended  air-tight  chamber  E,  accessible  by 
means  of  man-holes.  A  side  view  of  the  interior  of  this  chamber  is 
shown  broken  off  in  the  drawing,  so  as  to  expose  the  interior  and  parts 
within.  This  chamber  constitutes  the  cold  receiver,  or  absorbing  or 
recombining  vessel,  whichever  it  may  most  properly  be  termed,  and 
may  form  a  vessel  or  chamber  distinct  from  the  engine,  if  deemed  more 
convenient,  and  would  do  so  per  necessity  in  the  case  of  a  steam- 
engine  already  built  being  altered  to  run  by  this  method.  This  chamber 
should  contain  some  gas-charged  water,  the  level  of  which  may  be 
represented  by  the  line  x  x.  Now,  suppose  the  flasher  (coil)  heated  in 
the  manner  known,  E1  is  a  pump  whose  length  of  stroke  is  made 
adjustable  either  by  hand  or,  as  I  have  devised,  by  the  action  of  the 
governor  of  the  engine,  so  that  the  quantity  of  gas-charged  water  it 
throws  into  the  flasher  (this  being  its  purpose)  shall  be  proportioned  to 
the  wants  of,  and  load  on,  the  engine,  for  the  moment,  this  pump 
being  worked  with  and  by  the  engine,  and  so  arranged  and  located 
that  the  gas-charged  water  from  the  receiver  runs  into  it  by  its  own 
gravity.  As  the  piston  moves  on,  while  it  is  filling  on  one  side  of  its 
piston  it  is  forcing  the  gas- charged  water  from  its  opposite  side,  over 
through  the  pipe  F,  into  the  circle  of  perforated  pipe  x1  x1  within  the 
separator,  from  which  circle,  which  constitutes  a  rose,  it  flies  out  in  a 
shower  of  small  jets  over  the  hot  coil,  when  the  gas  is  flashed  off  from 
the  water  and  creates  a  pressure  in  the  separator,  while  the  water  falls 
to  the  bottom,  out  of  contact  with  the  coil,  and  forms  a  thin  layer  on 
the  bottom  of  the  separating  chamber,  where  it  still  gives  off  gas  during 
the  decrease  of  pressure  in  the  separator  for  the  moment,  caused  by 
the  withdrawal  of  the  supply  passing  to  the  engine  during  the  current 
stroke  of  its  piston. 

This  momentary  discharge  of  gas  from  the  charge  of  water,  after  the 
removal  from  the  source  of  heat,  depresses  its  temperature  usefully, 
leaving  less  to  be  rarefied  in  the  cold  receiver,  as  all  that  it  possesses 
above  the  temperature  of  the  latter,  on  its  final  release  from  the  sepa¬ 
rator,  must  be.  As  the  engine  finishes  its  stroke,  or  rather  just  prior 
to  this,  this  charge  of  now  decharged  water  descends  through  the  pipe 
to  the  chamber  z;  to  enable  it  to  do  which,  a  like  portion  is  allowed  to 
descend  from  this  chamber  by  means  of  the  pipe  and  cock  z1  (the 
latter  opening  and  closing  properly  for  this  purpose)  to  the  cold  receiver. 
Thus  an  undue  accumulation  of  discharged  water  in  the  separating  vessel 
is  prevented.  The  gas  meantime  passes  through  the  hollow  column  o, 
open  at  the  top  and  not  at  the  bottom,  so  that  the  gas  may  pass  to  the 
valve-chest  of  the  engine,  while  the  water  cannot,  and,  passing  through 
and  actuating  the  engine,  is  allowed  to  escape,  or  exhausts  through  the 
pipe  F1  into  the  cold  receiver.  This  exhaust-pipe  passes,  as  is  seen, 
the  length  of  the  receiver,  or  cold  chamber,  under  the  gas-charged 
water,  and  is  perforated  with  holes  to  permit  the  water  to  enter  the 
pipe,  and  the  gas  to  escape  from  it  into  the  water,  as  it  exhausts  each 
in  small  jets,  by  which  means  great  surface  of  mutual  contact  between 
the  water  and  gas  is  provided ;  and  surface  I  have  found  has  a  power¬ 
ful  influence  in  causing  a  more  quick  and  sudden  absorption,  and 
my  experiments  would  appear  alt-jo  to  show  that  it  has  a  considerable 


556 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


influence  even  on  the  quantity  absorbed.  Although  the  water  is  already 
charged,  it  will  promptly  absorb  the  further  comparatively  trifling  addi¬ 
tion  it  receives  at  the  moment  from  the  engine ;  because  it  is  not,  of  course, 
charged  to  its  absolute  maximum  under  the  given  temperature  and 
pressure,  if  any,  in  the  receiver,  and  it  is  maintained  at  the  same  degree 
below  this  maximum  by  the  corresponding  arrival  to  it  of  the  charge 
of  discharged  water  from  the  separator.  Thus  an  accumulation  of  free 
gas  and  a  consequent  back  pressure  (exceeding  any  chosen  point) 
retarding  the  engine  is  prevented  in  the  receiver;  and  as  at  the  same 
time  a  corresponding  quantity  of  charged  water  is  withdrawn  to  be 
forced  into  the  separator,  any  accumulation  of  water  in  the  separator 
is  prevented.  The  exhaust-pipe  at  its  end  rises  clear  of  the  water,  so 
as  to  permit  an  unimpeded  exit  to  the  spray  that  is  likely  to  be  coming 
out  each  time  with  some  momentum.  Operated  in  this  manner,  the  en¬ 
gine  shows  and  maintains  a  good  engineer’s  vacuum  in  the  cold  receiver. 

The  air  may  be  expelled  by  the  steam  used  for  blowing  through  as 
in  the  ordinary  steam-engine,  by  opening  the  pot  cock  G,  drawing  the 
slide-valve  G1  forward  so  as  to  open  the  port  H  of  the  engine,  the  valve 
of  the  branch  pipe  D  being  open,  when,  as  will  be  easily  traced,  the 
steam  will  drive  any  air  that  may  have  leaked  in  from  the  separator, 
valve-chest,  port  H,  pipe  and  pot-cock  G,  and  last,  from  out  of  the  re¬ 
ceiver  by  the  opening  (at  other  times  covered  with  an  air-tight  bonnet) 
in  the  side  of  the  receiver,  above  the  water  (this  opening  is  H1).  All 
the  cocks  are  now  shut,  the  steam  in  the  passages  and  receiver  quickly 
condenses,  and  a  vacuum  is  left  in  the  latter.  I  I  represent  the  ex¬ 
tremities  of  a  gridiron  coil,  through  which  water  by  a  difference  of 
temperature  at  the  two  extremes  of  the  coil,  amounting  even  to  five  or 
ten  degrees,  will  circulate  rapidly  to  and  from  a  tank  or  other  source  not 
shown,  and  without  admixture  take  up  the  heat  arising  with  each 
charge  of  discharged  water,  conveying  it  away  from  the  receiver,  and 
keep  the  gas-charged  water  in  it  cool.  It  is  very  desirable  that  its 
temperature  should  not  exceed  100°  F.,  and  as  much  down  to  about 
40°  F .  as  may  be  convenient.  To  prevent  leakage  is,  as  before  re¬ 
marked,  the  only  point  demanding  special  care  in  the  management  of 
this  engine.  To  avoid  any  chance  of  leakage  at  the  fixed  joints  is,  as 
a  matter  of  course,  perfectly  easy,  and  the  moving  or  working  joints  may 
be  reduced  to  three,  viz  :  cylinder  stuffing-box,  that  of  the  air-pump, 
and  that  of  the  valve-rod  c. 

A  trifling  leak  is  not  of  any  moment ;  yet  such  a  leak  as  is  often 
neglected  in  the  steam-engine,  could  not  properly  be  permitted  here. 
To  overcome  this  difficulty,  the  stuffing-boxes  should  be  made  of  extra 
length,  so  as  to  permit  the  employment  of  double  gaskets  221,  with  a 
skeleton  ring  between,  so  as  to  maintain  there  a  space  extending  en¬ 
tirely  around  the  piston-rod ;  and  as  no  oil  need  be  used  for  the  stuf¬ 
fing-boxes,  the  gas-charged  water  being  a  fine  lubricating  medium,  the 
gaskets  may  be  solid  rings  of  vulcanized  India-rubber,  in  the  form 
shown.  This  makes  a  frictionless,  perfectly  tight,  and  lasting  joint,  both 
between  the  space  3  and  the  cylinder,  and  between  such  space  and  the 
external  air.  Still,  however,  should  there  be,  from  any  neglect,  leakage 
by  the  greater  pressure  in  the  cylinder  part  21,  the  gas  is  caught  in 


YI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


557 


the  recess  3,  where  it  is  free  to  expand  on  the  instant  to  a  low,  and 
therefore  less  insinuating  pressure,  while  from  the  space  3  passes 
a  small  pipe  31,  by  which  the  gas  that  has  worked  through  is  led  to 
the  receiver,  into  which  it  would  be  drawn  and  absorbed  by  the 
water.  This  will  cover  all  danger  and  loss  from  leakage  when  the 
engine  is  worked  with  a  compressed  atmosphere  of  gas  in  the  receiver, 
as  hereinbefore  suggested  and  hereinafter  described  ;  the  little  pipe 
from  the  space  3  may  lead  to  any  small  vessel  containing  water,  or  the 
space  itself  may  be  filled  with  water,  and  this  will  instantly  absorb, 
and  so  save,  any  gas  that  may  happen  to  pass  by  21.  These  means 
perfectly  master  the  difficulty  of  loss  by  chance  leakage.  Having 
now  described  the  method  of  working  my  engine  with  a  vacuum,  I 
will  describe  the  other  method  mentioned  of  working  with  an  actual 
pressure  in  the  receiver  maintained  by  the  same  means  below  or  above 
any  chosen  point,  say  1  to  3  atmospheres,  by  which  method  I  can  at¬ 
tain  greater  force  and  economy  than  can  be  done  even  with  the  air  of 
the  vacuum.  To  prepare  the  engine  for  so  working,  suppose  the 
gas-charged  water  to  be  in  the  receiver  as  before,  and  all  air  (which, 
if  left  present,  would  cause  no  particular  inconvenience  by  this  last 
method  of  working)  to  be  expelled  in  the  manner  described.  The 
flashing-coil  being  heated  up,  gas-charged  water  is  injected  upon  it ; 
the  gas  is  set  free  therefrom,  and  passes  to  the  cold  receiver  until  there 
is  a  permanent  excess  pressure  of  gas  over  the  water  beyond  the  maxi¬ 
mum  it  can  absorb  at  the  given  pressure  chosen.  Every  cubic  inch  of 
water  will  now  contain  say  about  2.000  times  its  bulk  of  g  is,  if  set  free 
and  expanded  to  the  pressure  of  the  atmosphere.  The  water  which 
had  held  this  gas  absorbed  may  be  now  drawm  away  entirely  from  the 
separator  by  the  branch-pipe  and  cock  T  shown  in  dotted  lines,  and 
the  engine  is  ready  to  run.  The  pump  E1  may  be  left  idle,  and 
in  lieu  of  it  the  pump  J,  about  one-eighth  the  contents  of  the  engine 
cylinder,  is  employed  and  worked  stroke  for  stroke  with  the  engine. 
This  pump  has  a  pipe  J1  extending  down  from  each  of  its  valves  into 
the  gas  space  of  the  cold  receiver,  where  their  extremities  are  sur¬ 
rounded  b}  a  wooden  cylinder  of  much  larger  diameter  than  them¬ 
selves,  and  of  height  sufficient  to  reach  from  the  bottom  to  the  top,  or 
nearly  so,  of  the  cold  receiver. 

These  wooden  cylinders  Jc  have  an  extensive  opening  in  their  sides, 
over  which  is  extended  some  absorbing  material,  as  cotton- wick, 
shown  in  vertical  lines  ;  the  ends  of  the  wicks  entering  the  water, 
which  the  wicks  thus  take  up  by  capillary  attraction,  and  become 
saturated.  Now  as  the  pump  draws,  the  gas  must  pass  it  through  and 
between  this  wick,  and  it  becomes  heavily  laden  with  the  gas-charged 
water  in  suspension,  and  so  laden  is  forced  by  the  pump,  on  its  return 
stroke,  over  through  the  pipe  K1  and  through  a  nose  L  in  the  jets  upon 
the  flashing  coil ;  the  gas  is  flashed  off  from  the  particles  of  water  held  in 
suspension,  each  particle  being,  as  it  were,  effervesced  and  still  more 
finely  subdivided.  This  creates  great  pressure  in  the  separator,  aided 
at  the  same  time  by  the  free  gas,  which  formed  the  vehicle  to  this 
water,  being  at  the  same  moment  heated  and  expanded,  the  whole  now 
passing  to  the  engine  to  actuate  its  piston,  which  is  meanwhile  resisted 


558 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


by  the  far  less  pressure  in  the  receiver ;  but  as  the  pressure  therein  is 
the  source  of  a  pressure  always  proportionally  greater  in  the  sepa¬ 
rator,  this  back  pressure  is  indirectly  only  a  greater  gain.  The  exhaust 
passes  to  the  cold  receiver  and  is  absorbed,  &c.,  as  before,  thus  main¬ 
taining  the  same  difference  of  pressure  between  the  cold  receiver  and 
separator  as  at  the  commencement. 

The  inventor  says :  I  claim  operating  an  engine  by  the  agency  of 
water  charged  with  a  gas  permanently  Uniform  at  ordinary  atmospheric 
temperatures  and  pressures,  and  over  which  water  has  a  self-acting 
power  of  absorption,  when  the  process  consists  in  passing  a  given 
quantity  of  the  gas  set  free  in  charges  under  pressure,  by  heat,  through 
the  engine,  actuating  its  piston,  and  thence  to  a  dosed,  cool,  and  wet 
vessel;  while  contemporaneously  therewith  I  cause  to  pass  to  said  vessel 
a  sufficient  quantity  of  the  said  water,  which  had  just  previously  held 
the  gas  absorbed,  to  re- absorb  it — both  water  and  gas  being  cooled 
meanwhile,  by  means  specially  provided,  to  an  extent  sufficient  to 
cause  their  re- combination  in  the  original  form  of  gas-charged  water ; 
by  all  of  which  means  the  motive  power  of  the  gas  is  obtained, 
without  the  necessity  of  converting  the  water  into  steam  ;  while,  at  the 
same  time,  the  gas  is  thereby  re-concentrated  and  preserved  for  re-use, 
without  entailing  an  accumulation  of  water  in  the  heating  or  separating 
vessel,  or  an  accumulating  pressure  of  free  gas  in  the  cold-receiver,  all 
as  set  forth. 


No.  12,216. — Jno.  A.  Reed. — Improvements  in  Oscillating  Engines. — 

Patented  January  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  121.) 

Each  of  the  trunnions  d  has  a  screw  in  its  end,  to  tighten  the  valve 
and  compensate  for  the  wearing  by  the  friction,  should  the  friction  in 
its  bearings  render  it  necessary. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  any  of  the  parts  of  the  oscillating 
steam-engine  as  my  original  invention ;  nor  any  of  the  parts  of  said  en¬ 
gine  by  me  employed  to  carry  out  and  effect  my  said  improvements, 
as  my  invention,  independently  of  their  connexion  in  the  combination 
specified. 

But  I  do  claim  as  my  invention  and  improvement  on  the  oscillating 
steam-engine  the  arranging  and  placing  the  valves  and  steam-ports  on 
each  side  of  the  cylinder  and  in  combination  therewith,  so  as  to  let  the 
steam  in  both  sides  of  the  cylinder  at  the  same  time  at  opposite  points, 
so  that  the  steam  from  opposite  points  may  meet  in  the  cylinder, 
and  so  balance  the  pressure  as  to  prevent  that  severe  friction  which  is 
occasioned  by  letting  the  steam  in  one  side  only  of  the  cylinder  at  a 
time.  Also  the  trunnion-bearing,  made  adjustable  to  the  trunnion  by 
the  set-screws,  and  so  arranged  that  the  conical  trunnions  may  be  ac¬ 
curately  adapted  to  the  conical  seat,  as  herein  set  forth. 


YI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES.  559 

No.  12,299. — Geo.  F.  Wood. — Improvement  in  Oscillating  Engines. — 

Patented  January  23,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  121.) 

The  changing  of  the  position  of  the  induction  (fig.  4)  and  eduction 
(fig.  5)  valves,  by  turning  them  one- sixth  of  a  revolution,  (in  a  direction 
opposite  to  the  arrows,)  will  effect  the  reversal.  The  valves  when  they 
oscillate  in  the  direction  of  the  arrows  will  take  steam  above  and  ex¬ 
haust  from  below  the  piston.  The  change  of  position  of  the  valves  for 
reversal  is  effected  by  forked  lever  F,  which  is  bolted  to  two  flanches 
ff  one  on  each  side  of  the  valves,  so  that  it  will  move  both  in  the  same 
direction.  The  catch  h  holds  the  lever  at  the  top  of  the  circular- way 

G.  By  pulling  h  back,  and  moving  F  down  until  h  catches  into  notch 
i,  the  valves  describe  the  one-sixth  of  a  revolution  necessary  for  a  re¬ 
versal.  If  a  notch  is  provided  near  the  middle  of  the  arc  and  the  lever 
brought  there,  the  engine  will  be  stopped.  Arc  G  is  hinged  to  a  lever 

H,  which  has  its  fulcrum  at  m,  and  whose  other  end  k  enters  a  notch 
in  a  piece  Z,  which  projects  from  the  front  of  the  cylinder.  The  oscil¬ 
lation  of  the  cylinder  gives  a  vibrating  motion  to  H,  and  through  a  rising 
and  falling  motion  to  arc  G,  thereby  oscillating  the  lever  F  and  valves 
E  and  I,  the  valves  always  moving  in  the  opposite  direction  to  the 
cylinder. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  induction  of  the  steam  by  the 
oscillation  of  the  cylinder  bringing  its  ports  at  proper  times  into  and  oat 
of  communication  with  ports  in  the  ends  of  the  induction  and  eduction 
pipes,  or  in  disks  connected  therewith. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  separate  induction  and  eduction 
valves  I  E,  communicating  with  separate  induction  and  eduction  ports 
and  passages  p  pl  through  the  two  trunnions,  and  connected  with  the 
same  lever  F,  substantially  as  set  forth,  to  move  simultaneously  and 
the  same  distance  for  stopping  or  reversing  the  engine. 

And  I  also  claim  transmitting  an  oscillating  motion  from  the  cylin¬ 
der  to  the  valve-lever  F,  substantially  as  described,  for  the  purpose  of 
moving  the  valves  from  their  ports  to  meet  those  of  the  cylinder-trun¬ 
nions,  and  thus  cause  a  quick  induction  and  eduction. 


No.  12,726. — Abraham  Masson. — Improvement  in  Rotary  Engines. — 

Patented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  122.) 

There  are  four  cylinders  C  and  pistons  P  arranged  within  a.  hub  D, 
which  hub  is  provided  with  journals  M,  these  journals  being  fitted  to 
stationary  boxes.  The  ends  oi  the  piston  work  against  a  stationary 
circular  guide-way  F  placed  eccentrically  in  reference  to  the  hub  D. 
The  steam  enters  through  the  steam-plate  at  S  P.  As  each  cylinder- 
base  in  turn  passes  S  P,  it  opens  a  communication  through  aperture  O, 
and  the  steam  enters  the  cylinder.  The  pistons  being  pressed  against 
the  guide-way  F,  a  revolving  motion  will  be  imparted  to  the  hub. 
When  the  piston  end  is  at  1,  the  steam  begins  to  enter,  and  continues 
till  2.  Between  2  arid  3  the  steam  acts  by  expansion..  At  that  time 
another  cylinder  receives  steam  at  1,  and  the  first  cylinder  begins  to 
discharge  steam  through  aperture  E. 


560 


YI. - STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


Fig.  4  is  an  inside  view  of  the  steam-plate. 

Claim — The  combination  of  the  four  steam-cylinde  s  and  pistons 
with  the  curved  guide,  arranged  and  operating  so  as  to  produce  a  con¬ 
tinuous  rotary  motion,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  substantially 
as  hereinbefore  described. 


No.  12,746. — John  J.  Thomas. — Improvement  in  Rotary  Engines. — 

Patented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  122.) 

Disk  C  is  fast  on  shaft  B,  and  is  fitted  to  work  in  contact  with  two 
faces  f  g.  The  annular  piston-chamber  b  is  fitted  with  two  slides  k  hl. 
One  of  these  slides  is  always  in'  place  to  form  a  close  partition  or 
abutment  within  the  chamber ;  but  each  is  withdrawn  in  its  turn,  (by 
means  of  cam  E  and  rods  i,)  in  a  direction  parallel  with  shaft  B,  to 
allow  the  piston  D  to  pass  in  its  revolution.  The  steam  passing 
through  the  induction-pipe  enters  chamber  c,  (see  arrows,  figure  1,) 
then  passes  through  passage  d  into  chamber  b ,  between  the  back  of  the 
piston  and  the  closed  slider  A,  and  gives  motion  to  piston  and  disk  (see 
arrow,  figure  2).  The  exhausting  is  effected  in  front  of  the  piston 
through  passage  c  into  chamber  m,  which  is  alwa}rs  in  communication 
with  the  eduction-pipe. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  attachment  of  a  piston  D  to  a  disk,  which  forms 
one  side  of  the  working-cylinder  or  piston-chamber,  and  works  in  con¬ 
tact  with  a  bearing-face  /,  on  the  cylinder  outside  of  the  piston,  and 
another  face  g  inside  of  the  piston,  substantially  as  herein  shown  and 
described. 

2d.  Constructing  the  engine,  substantially  as  described,  with  a  cen¬ 
tral  chamber  c  within  or  surrounded  by  the  working- cylinder  or  pis¬ 
ton-chamber  b,  and  with  another  chamber  m  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
disk  C,  which  carries  the  piston,  and  establishing  communication  be¬ 
tween  the  chambers  b  and  c  by  a  recess  d  in  the  disk  on  one  side  of 
the  piston,  and  between  the  chambers  b  and  m  by  an  opening  through 
the  disk  on  the  other  side  of  the  piston  ;  either  of  the  said  chambers  c 
or  m  being  the  induction  or  suction  chamber,  and  the  other  the  educ¬ 
tion  or  discharge  chamber,  and  the  said  chambers  supplying  the  cylin¬ 
der  and  receiving  its  discharged  contents,  as  herein  set  forth. 


No.  13,107.— —Sylvester  Stevens.- — Improvement  in  Rotary  Engines. — 

Patented  June  19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  122.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  consists  in  dividing  the  cylinder 
into  two  separate  and  distinct  chambers,  which  are  separated  by  a 
revolving  disk,  to  which  are  attached  two  pistons,  one  for  each  parti¬ 
tion.  These  pistons,  in  lieu  of  being  placed  opposite  to  each  other, 
are  set  a  short  distance  apart,  so  as  not  to  receive  their  steam  at  the 
same  instant,  whereby  the  single  disk  is  enabled  to  pass  the  dead 
centre. 

Claim . — The  revolving  disk  D,  with  its  valves  b  bl ,  operating  in  the 
manner  substantially  as  set  forth. 


VI. - STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES.  561 

No.  13,550. — Christian  Ernst  Offhaus. — Improved  Rotary  Steam- 

Engine . — Patented  September  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  122.) 

Steam  being  admitted  into  nozzle  Z,  the  same  passes  through  F  into 
cylinder  B  and  acts  upon  the  piston-valves,  turning  thereby  the  centre 
piece  D  and  shaft  A,  said  steam  escaping  again  after  the  piston-valves 
have  moved  sufficiently  around  and  have  come  opposite  the  channel 
P1  through  said  channel  and  passage  F1  to  the  escape-steam  pipe  K. 
Supposing  that,  in  the  position  represented  in  the  drawing,  the  space 
between  the  piston-valves  M1  and  M2  is  filled  with  steam,  the  opening  n 2, 
through  the  circumference  of  the  plate  E,  will,  as  soon  as  the  same  has 
passed  the  abutment  w  in  groove  v,  open  a  passage  for  the  live  steam 
coming  from  F  into  said  groove  v,  through  said  opening  %2,  the  groove 
m2,  and  through  hole  q  to  the  inside  of  the  inner  half  of  the  piston- 
valve  M2,  closing  thereby,  by  its  action  upon  said  part  of  the  valve, 
said  piston-valve  M2  as  soon  as  the  steam  escapes  from  the  other  half, 
after  coming  opposite  the  channel  P1,  and  keep  said  valve,  by  its  action, 
shut  until  the  same  has  passed  under  the  projection  G,  forming,  in  that 
position,  an  uninterrupted  surface  and  a  regular  circle  with  the  centre¬ 
piece  D,  as  above  described.  When  the  centre-piece  D  has  moved  far 
enough  to  bring  the  piston- valve  M  and  the  recess  T  past  the  projection 
G,  the  live  steam  will  enter  through  the  passage  or  recess  T  under  the 
centre-piece  D,  behind  the  piston-valve  M.  The  opening  n,  through 
the  circumference  of  the  plate  E,  will  then  have  passed  the  abutment 
u  and  come  in  communication  with  that  part  of  groove  v  which  is  con¬ 
nected  through  passage  q  with  the  escape-steam  pipe  K,  opening 
thereby  a  free  passage  through  said  opening  n,  the  groove  m,  and  the 
hole  q ,  with  the  escape-steam  pipe  K,  to  allow  the  steam  which  was 
behind  this  part  of  the  piston-valve  M,  and  has  by  its  action  kept  said 
valve  shut,  to  escape  into  the  steam-escape  pipe,  producing  thereby  a 
vacuum  behind  that  part  of  the  piston- valve,  when  the  steam,  which, 
as  above  mentioned,  has  been  led  behind  the  other  part  of  said  piston- 
valve  through  the  recess  T,  will  gradually  open  the  same,  said  gradual 
opening  of  the  piston-valve  being  regulated  by  spring-bar  L. 

When  the  motion  of  the  engine  is  desired  to  be  reversed,  the  valve 
U  in  nozzle  Z  is  first  changed,  to  change  the  entrance  of  the  steam  into 
the  cylinder.  The  wheel  R  is  then  a  little  pulled  out  to  bring  the  pin 
(with  which  it  is  connected  to  plate  E1)  out  of  its  hole,  and  then  turned 
round,  when  the  wheel  R,  by  its  action  upon  segments  A,  turns  the  pis¬ 
ton-valve  frames  so  as  to  change  the  position  of  the  piston- valves,  so 
that  the  centre-piece  D  will  be  turned  the  reverse  way  around.  The 
openings  ql  through  the  plates  dl  of  the  piston-valve  frames  will  then 
correspond  with  openings  leading  to  the  grooves  m,  or  m1,  or  m2,  com¬ 
municating  with  openings  n ,  nl ,  n2 ,  in  the  circumference  of  the  plate 
E2,  and  communicating  then  through  the  groove  vl  with  the  steam  or 
exhaust  passages,  so  as  to  allow,  through  those  passages  alternately, 
the  steam  and  vacuum  to  act  upon  the  inner  half  of  the  piston-valves,  in 
the  manner  as  above  described. 

I  claim ,  1st.  The  construction  of  the  revolving  piston  in  rotary  en¬ 
gines,  with  piston- valves ;  said  piston-valves  being  made  to  open  and 
36 


562 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


shut  by  the  action  of  the  steam,  without  any  extra  friction  against  any 
part  on  the  inside  cylinder. 

2d.  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  openings  and  passages  in  the  side- 
plates  E  E1,  in  connection  with  the  grooves  V  V1  in  the  cylinder, 
forming  a  communication  between  the  inner  sides  of  the  piston-valves 
and  the  steam  and  exhaust  passages,  alternately,  in  the  manner  and  for 
the  purpose  as  described. 

3d.  I  claim  the  construction  of  the  piston-valves  and  frames,  and  the 
manner  of  changing  the  position  of  the  same  when  the  motion  of  the 
engines  requires  to  be  reversed. 


No.  13,763. — Elias  Matteson,  Walter  M.  Parris,  and  Hervey 

Parris. — Improvements  in  Rotary  Steam-Engines . — Patented  Novem¬ 
ber  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  123.)  % 

A  is  the  frame- work;  F  the  main  shaft,  to  which  are  attached  the  dif¬ 
ferent  parts  comprising  the  steam-wheel;  G  another  shaft,  to  which  is 
attached  the  rotary  steam-abutments  C,  wdiich  are  made  to  fit  the  bot¬ 
tom  and  sides  of  the  annular  steam-chamber  I  I:  the  abutments  and 
steam-wheel  work  together  in  the  manner  of  friction-rollers,  le  k  are 
two  annular  air-chambers  with  openings  b  b  and  sliding- piston  c  c.  B 
are  cases  or  circles  which  enclose  the  annular  steam- chambers  and 
form  their  periphery,  jj  being  an  opening  through  which  the  abutments 
are  admitted  to  form  connection  with  the  steam -wheel.  Z  are  adjust¬ 
able  cranks  which  are  attached  to  the  main  shaft  and  to  the  ends  of 
steam-wheel  by  means  of  set-screws  Y,  with  their  rollers  X,  and  fixed, 
steam-pistons  a  a ,  on  a  line  parallel  to  the  main  shaft.  Said  rollers  as 
they  revolve  with  the  main  steam- wheel  are  alternately  brought  in 
contact  with  the  inner  surface  of  the  ellipses  D,  and  give  them  a  vibra¬ 
ting  motion,  which  is  communicated  to  the  crescent-formed  balance- 
beams  V,  on  their  fulcrums  p  p. 

By  means  of  the  arms  O,  the  undulating  motion  of  the  balance- 
beam  V  is  communicated  to  the  levers  M,  which  work  sliding-valves 
in  the  steam-chest  I  by  means  of  rods  R,  such  combination  being  to 
effect  an  adjustable  cut-off  K  is  the  main  steam-pipe.  S  are  escape- 
pipes.  J  are  pipes  which  conduct  the  steam  alternately  to  opposite 
sides  of  the  abutments  as  the  engine  is  reversed.  H  is  a  roller  with  its 
hand-lever  L  and  arm  N,  to  which  are  attached  rods  Q,  that  work  oval 
slides  with  flanges  i  i  that  extend  each  side  the  abutments,  and  are  so 
constructed  as  to  alternately  open  and  close  the  steam  and  escape  pipes 
on  opposite  side  of  the  abutments,  as  the  engine  is  reversed  by  the  ac¬ 
tion  of  the  hand-lever. 

The  inventors  say  :  Suppose  the  hand-lever  L  to  be  drawn  towards 
you,  which  would  close  the  steam-pipes  J  and  open  the  escape-pipes 
S  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  abutments,  and  close  the  escape-pipes  and 
open  the  steam-pipes,  and  admit  the  steam  on  the  side  towards  you 
and  cause  the  steam-wheel  to  revolve  in  that  direction  by  acting  con¬ 
jointly  upon  the  fixed  steam  and  sliding  air-pi  f~' an  s  c  c ,  wrtiich  are  forced 
against  confined  air  until  the  air  becomes  as  compressed  as  the  steam, 
and  so  passes  on  until  the  roller  X  on  the  wrist  of  the  adjustable  crank 


VI. —  STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


563 


Z  comes  in  contact  with  one  of  the  arms  of  the  adjustable  ellipses  D, 
opposite  the  place  of  starting,  and  gives  said  ellipses  a  vibrating  mo¬ 
tion,  which  motion  is  communicated  through  the  afore-described  combi¬ 
nation  to  the  cut-off  valve,  and  closes  the  same,  and  then  as  the  piston 
moves  onward  in  its  revolution  and  the  force  of  the  steam  in  the  engine 
becomes  diminished  by  expansion  under  a  cut-off,  the  air-spring,  then 
having  the  balance  power,  gradually  drives  the  steam  back  again  into 
the  steam-chamber,  so  that  it  is  ali  returned  belore  the  escape  takes 
place  ;  thus  is  a  reciprocal  action  kept  up  between  the  steam  and  the 
spring  balance  ;  then,  still  under  a  cut-off,  it  passes  the  abutment  and 
on  to  the  place  of  starting,  where  the  steam  is  again  let  on  by  the  ac¬ 
tion  of  the  roller  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  ellipses.  Meantime  the 
steam  is  acting  on  the  opposite  piston  in  the  other  apartment  of  the 
steam-wheel. 

The  inventors  say :  We  do  not  wish  to  confine  ourselves  to  any  par¬ 
ticular  number  of  steam-chambers,  nor  to  any  particular  number  of 
pistons  in  a  steam-chamber ;  nor  do  we  wish  to  confine  ourselves  to 
slotted  abutments  ;  for  we  do  not  consider  it  will  alter  the  nature  of  our 
invention,  whether  the  pistons  pass  the  abutments  by  slots  in  the  same, 
or  by  slots  in  the  steam-wheel. 

But  we  claim ,  1st,  the  cut-off  crank  Z  and  anti- friction  roller  X,  in 
combination  with  the  ellipse  D  and  balance-beam  V,  when  so  con¬ 
structed  as  to  alternately  open  and  close  the  cut-off  valves,  substantially 
as  described,  and  for  the  purpose  of  effecting  an  adjustable  cut-off 

2d.  We  claim  the  air-spring  to  steam -wheels,  when  so  constructed 
as  to  have  direct  influence  on  the  steam-piston,  and  by  its  reciprocal 
action  to  maintain  a  steady,  even  motion  of  the  engine,  when  in  unison 
with  the  cut-off,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed. 


No.  13,786. — John  H.  Hathaway. — Improvement  in  Rotary  Engines. — 

Patented  November  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  123.) 

Piston  D  is  firmly  attached  to  shaft  E,  fitted  to  play  in  cylinder  A, 
of  which  part  C  B  is  cut  away.  The  piston,  as  well  as  the  head  F,  fit 
steam-tight,  and  the  latter  is  attached  to  slide  G  working  in  frame  H, 
which  is  hung  on  the  hubs  of  A,  and  has  a  swinging  motion,  governed 
by  lever  I.  Steam  having  been  admitted  at  V,  and  the  head  F  being 
held  in  place  by  a  cam,  (not  represented  in  the  engraving,)  the  piston 
D  is  forced  round  until  it  arrives  in  position  D1,  when  the  cam  above 
mentioned  releases  the  head  F,  and  another  cam  swings  the  frame  H 
and  (assisted  by  the  steam  in  the  cylinder)  draws  F  out  of  the  cylinder 
A,  and  then  immediately  raises  it  in  time  to  allow  D  to  pass  it,  when 
the  cams  throw  it  down  again,  and  swing  it  into  the  cylinder  ready  lor 
another  charge  of  steam,  as  already  described.  The  dotted  lines  F1, 
G1,  FI1,  represent  the  position  of  the  frame  and  head  when  swung  out 
and  elevated. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  use  of  a  circular,  or  nearly  so, 
aperture  in  A,  when  the  head  or  abutments  are  moved  in  other  ways, 
nor  the  precise  form  or  arrangements  of  the  parts  described. 


564 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


t 


But  I  claim  moving  the  bead  F  by  means  of  a  radial  arm  having  its 
centre  of  motion  corresponding  to  the  centre  of  the  shaft,  so  as  to  with¬ 
draw  the  head  from  the  cylinder,  before  elevating  it,  in  the  manner  and 
for  the  purposes  set  forth,  or  any  other  substantially  the  same. 


No.  12,179.—-' Warren  S.  Burgess. — Improved  Arrangement  in  Double- 
piston  Steam-Engines . — Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  123.) 

By  this  arrangement  of  parts  the  stuffing  and  piston  rod,  (now  in 
use,)  and  the  guides  for  said  rod,  are  dispensed  with. 

Of  course,  the  steam  is  admitted  alternately  at  one  or  the  other  of  the 
outer  ends  of  cylinder  A,  thus  never  acting  upon  the  inner  piston  faces. 

Claim. — Having  two  pistons  B  B  placed  within  one  cylinder  A,  the 
pistons  being  attached  to  rods  C  C,  or  their  equivalent,  so  as  to  be  a 
requisite  distance  apart;  and  attaching  the  connecting-rod  E  directly  to 
the  rods  C,  or  their  equivalent,  substantially  as  herein  shown,  and  for 
the  purposes  as  herein  set  forth. 


No.  12,187. — John  Smith. — Improved  Crank  Connection  in  Double- 

piston  Steam-Engines. — Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  123.) 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  employment  of  two  pistons 
within  a  cylinder  separately,  but  I  do  claim  the  employment  or  use  of 
two  pistons  B  B  connected  by  a  cross-head  or  plate  C,  which  has  a 
slot  D  through  it,  in  which  the  crank  E  of  the  shaft  F  fits,  whereby  the 
pistons  are  directly  connected  to  the  crank,  and  a  rotary  motion  given 
the  crank-shaft  without  the  intervention  of  the  usual  piston  and  con¬ 
necting  rods,  as  herein  shown. 


No.  12,619. — Louis  Bollman. — Improvements  in  Condensers  for  Steam- 

Engines. — Patented  April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  123.) 

Supposing  that  the  eduction  of  the  steam  from  the  cylinder  is  to 
commence,  and  that  previous  to  the  commencement  there  is  a  vacuum 
in  the  condenser  A  equal  in  value  to  one  pound  pressure  per  square 
inch.  The  piston  E  will  be,  at  that  time,  forced  upwards  by  the 
pressure  of  the  atmosphere,  and  this  force  will  be  balanced  by  spring 
b ,  so  as  to  hr  Id  disc-valve  I  stationary  in  position  to  close  the  entrances 
e  e  to  injecdon-tubes  H  H.  This,  position  of  the  piston  will  be  some¬ 
what  higher  than  the  one  represented  in  dotted  lines  in  fig.  2.  When 
the  eduction  commences  and  the  steam  begins  to  enter  the  condenser, 
the  vacuum  will  be  destroyed,  and  the  atmospheric  pressure  will  be 
insufficient  to  hold  up  the  piston  E,  which  will  be  forced  downwards  by 
spring  h  until  it  reaches  the  position  represented  in  full  lines  in  fig.  2, 
when  it  will  be  arrested  by  stop  c  on  the  piston-rod  abutting  against  d. 
In  this  position  the  valve  I  opens  the  water  passages  e  e  fully  to  inject 
the  water  into  the  condenser.  In  a  short  time  the  pressure  in  the  con¬ 
denser  will  be  reduced,  and  the  atmospheric  pressure  will  gradually 
force  up  the  piston  again  till  it  closes  e  e ,  and  so  forth. 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


566 


P  is  a  small  injection  pipe  entering  eduction  pipe  B  ;  Q,  a  small  re¬ 
ceiver  below  eduction  passage  C  which  leads  into  the  condenser;  S, 
pipe  for  supplying  the  feed  or  hot-water  pump  from  the  receiver. 
Piston  E  may  fit  and  work  within  opening  R  between  C  and  Q.  When 
the  eduction  commences,  (piston  E  being  down,)  the  feed- water  is  in¬ 
jected  through  P  by  opening  a  valve-cock  and  closing  it  when  a  suffici¬ 
ent  quantity  has  been  injected.  At  the  time  of  the  termination  of  the 
injection  of  the  feed- water,  the  temperature  of  the  condenser  will  have 
been  reduced  only  a  few  degrees,  as  the  water  is  heated  mostly  by  the 
latent  heat.  The  particles  of  wrater  passing  along  wdth  the  steam  rush 
through  R  into  Q.  Passage  R  only  remains  open  as  long  as  there  is 
considerable  pressure  in  the  condenser  and  eduction  passage,  as  it  is 
closed  when  the  pressure  has  been  reduced  to  a  certain  degree  by  the 
piston  E  entering  passage  R.  (See  dotted  lines,  fig.  2.)  Thus  is  pre¬ 
vented  the  exposure  of  the  heated  water  to  the  vacuum,  in  which  it 
could  not  exist  above  a  certain  temperature  without  being  again  con¬ 
verted  into  steam. 

Claim. —  1st.  The  method  described  of  controlling  the  injection  of 
cold  water  into  the  condenser,  by  connecting  the  injection  cock  or  valve 
with  a  piston  E,  or  its  equivalent,  which  is  exposed  on  one  side  to  the 
pressure  of  the  atmosphere,  and  on  the  other  to  the  pressure  within  the 
condenser,  and  is  acted  upon  substantially  as  set  forth,  by  variations  in 
the  pressure  in  the  condenser,  so  as  to  increase  or  diminish  the  injec¬ 
tion  as  the  said  pressure  diminishes  or  increases,-  and  to  stop  the  injec¬ 
tion  when  the  desired  vacuum  is  obtained. 

2d.  The  employment,  substantially  as  described,  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  heating  a  sufficient  quantity  of  water  to  supply  the  boiler  to  a 
higher  temperature  than  the  water  delivered  by  the  air-pump,  of  an 
additional  injection  pipe  P,  to  inject  the  said  quantity  of  water  at  the 
commencement  of  eduction  into  the  eduction  pipe  or  passage,  the  cylin¬ 
der,  or  any  convenient  place  near  the  entrance  to  the  condenser,  com¬ 
bined  with  a  receiver  Q,  which  is  arranged  in  any  way  substantially 
as  described,  and  furnished  wdth  any  suitable  means,  substantially  as 
described,  of  opening  it  at  the  commencement  of  eduction  and  injection 
to  receive  the  said  water,  and  of  shutting  it  off  from  the  condenser, 
before  the  temperature  of  the  latter  is  too  much  reduced. 


No.  12/947. — Wm.  W.  Hubbell  and  David  Matthew. — Improvement 

in  Vapor  En  gines . — Patented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  123.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  consists  in  evaporating  the  fluid  by 
separating  it  into  numerous  small  streams  near  the  surface  of  the  water 
in  the  boiler,  and  allowing  it  to  descend  from  near  the  surface  in  small 
particles,  by  its  weight,  in  contact  with  the  flues  or  the  different 
particles  of  hot  water,  and  thereby  become  suddenly  heated,  and 
evaporate  and  rise  in  expansive  vapor  as  power  to  be  used  in  the  cylin¬ 
ders  of  the  engine,  and  fiom  them  to  pass  into  a  close  condenser,  where 
it  is  restored  to  its  fluid  state,  and  received  into  a  reservoir  containing 
both  water  and  this  fluid,  and  from  this  reservoir  supplying  the  fluid 
to  the  boiler  in  quantities  proportionate  to,  and  governed  by,  the  pres- 


566 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


sure  in  the  boiler,  by  means  of  a  safety  feed-pump,  supplying  the  dis¬ 
tributor  in  such  manner  that  the  supply,  evaporation,  and  condensation 
of  the  fluid  are  made  uniform  and  dependent  on  each  other.  The  pipe 
A  is  the  distributor;  it  is  fed  through  U1  from  receiver  D,  pipe  U,  by 
means  of  the  safety-pump,  (fig.  1,)  which  connects  at  U  and  U1  with 
said  pipes  U  and  U1.  B  is  the  condenser,  consisting  of  vertical  flat 
tubes  connected  by  horizontal  tubes  g ;  in  the  top  of  each  of  the  flat 
tubes  is  contained  a  jet  tube  /,  and  all  the  tubes  l  connect  to  the  water 
supply  pipe  W.  The  vapor  comes  through  X  into  the  receiver  C  and 
condenser  B,  where  it  is  condensed,  and  runs  into  receiver  D,  being 
extracted  by  the  safety  feed-pump  through  pipe  U.  The  safety  feed¬ 
pump  regulates  the  supply  of  fluid  to  the  boiler  by  having  one  or  more 
properly  loaded  safety-valves  7  leading  back  to  the  fluid  reservoir  of 
the  condenser,  also  having  one  or  more  feed-valves  6,  operated  by  the 
pressure  in  the  boiler.  8  is  a  common  valve. 

Claim . —  The  combination  of  the  distributing  perforated  pipe  or  plate, 
the  safety  feed-pump,  governed  by  the  pressure,  and  the  condenser  or 
its  equivalent,  to  produce  a  uniform  supply,  evaporation,  and  con¬ 
densation  or  return  of  the  fluid,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,019. — Henry  Webster. — Improvement  in  Steam-Engine  Regu¬ 
lators. — Patented  June  5,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  123.) 

Valve  /‘hangs  quite  free,  but  when  the  governor  is  in  operation  will 
be  forced  by  the  escaping  water  into  contact  with  the  inclined  piece  j. 
The  rod  E,  with  the  incline  j,  are  so  adjusted  by  screw  m,  that  when 
the  engine  works  at  the  desired  speed,  valve  f  will  open  just  wide 
enough  for  the  escape  of  the  water  pumped  up  to  vessel  C,  and  allow 
the  float  to  remain  stationary.  When  the  velocity  of  the  engine  in¬ 
creases  or  decreases,  the  float  D  will  rise  (see  dotted  lines)  or  fall,  and 
carry  with  it  rod  E,  and  act  accordingly  on  the  incline  and  the  valve. 

Claim . — In  this  class  of  regulators,  controlling  the  escape  of  water 
by  the  flap-valve  /and  the  rod  E,  with  its  inclined  piece  j,  all  applied 
and  operating  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,202. — Thomas  Silver. — Improvement  in  Marine  Steam-Engine 

Governors. — Patented  July  3,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  123.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

The  inventor  says  :  In  the  arrangement  of  my  marine-engine  go¬ 
vernor,  I  do  not  claim  as  a  novelty  the  introduction  of  a  spring,  as 
that  plan  has  been  adopted  for  the  purpose  of  collapsing  or  contracting 
centrifugal  balls  to  the  centre  of  a  horizontal  plane,  in  governors 
operating  in  a  vertical  or  fixed  position. 

I  am  also  aware  that  a  single  bar,  with  a  centrifugal  ball  on  either 
end,  and  resting  at  the  centre,  has  been  proposed;  that  the  pillar  or 
shaft  on  which  it  rests  may  be  placed  horizontally,  for  the  purpose  of 
transmitting  more  readily  the  motion  of  the  engine,  the  principle  of  its 
action  being  that  of  or/iinary  governors,  and  having  no  spring. 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


567 


I  claim,  in  governors,  the  employment  of  two  oscillating  balanced 
bars,  in  combination  with  the  spindle  and  spring,  or  any  equivalent 
substitute  therefor,  in  such  combination,  the  whole  being  constructed 
and  arranged  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,415. — John  Arthur  and  Evan  Arthur. — Improvement  in  Go¬ 
vernors  for  Steam-Engines ,  Sfc. — Patented  August  14,  1855. — (Plates, 
p.  123.) 

The  centrifugal  force  acquired  by  the  rings  a  will  overcome  their 
elasticity,  and  compress  them,  (see  position  represented  in  dotted  lines 
in  the  engraving,)  and  thereby  act  upon  the  throttle-valve. 

The  inventors  say:  We  do  not  claim  the  invention  of  a  governor 
which  acts  by  the  agency  of  a  centrifugal  force,  to  move  a  slide  length¬ 
wise  on  a  spindle,  and  through  it  to  act  upon  the  device  which  con¬ 
trols  the  power  and  speed,  as  the  common  ball  governor  acts  on  that 
principle ; 

But  we  claim  a  governor  composed  of  one  or  more  arcs,  rings,  or 
bands  of  elastic  material,  applied  to  a  revolving  spindle,  with  a  rigid 
attachment  to  the  said  spindle  at  one  point,  and  a  loose  or  sliding 
attachment  at  another  point,  the  sliding  part  or  parts  being  connected 
with  the  throttle- valve,  a  device  which  controls  the  power  or  speed, 
the  whole  operating  as  described. 


No.  13,646. — -Thomas  Goodrum. — Improvement  in  Portable  Boring- 

Engines . — Patented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  124.) 

The  engine  carries  one  or  more  auger-stocks  c  a  f,  geared  with  its 
crank-shaft  D,  and  receives  steam  trom  a  boiler  through  a  flexible 
pipe  attached  at  H.  The  sliding-pipes  enable  the  whole  weight  of 
the  engine  to  be  supported  by  the  steam,  so  that  the  operator  only  re¬ 
quires  to  guide  the  auger  by  means  of  handles  E  F  attached  to  the 
frame  of  the  engine.  The  reason  of  making  the  sliding-pipes  in  more 
than  two  pieces  is  to  have  several  sizes  of  pipe,  so  that  one  may  be 
made  to  slide  whose  area  is  suitable  for  the  working  pressure  of  the 
steam,  to  balance,  as  nearly  as  possible,  the  weight  of  the  engine. 

Figs.  2  and  3  are  drawn  on  an  enlarged  scale. 

Claim. — 1st.  Conducting  the  steam  to  the  engine  through  a  pipe 
which  is  fitted  to  slide  within  another  pipe,  substantially  in  the  man¬ 
ner  described,  whereby  the  weight  of  the  engine  may  be  supported 
by  the  pressure  of  the  steam. 

2d.  The  employment  of  two  or  more  sliding- pipes  I  I2  T!  IS  of  dif¬ 
ferent  sizes,  and  within  the  other,  in  combination  with  suitable  clamps 
/,  substantially  as  described,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  all  but  such 
one  of  the  said  pipes  whose  area,  acted  upon  by  the  working  pressure 
of  steam,  will  receive  an  aggregate  pressure  about  equal  to  the  weight 
of  the  engine. 


568 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


No.  13,721. — Peter  Hogg. — Improvement  in  Surface- Condensers  for 

Steam-Engines. — Patented  October  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  124.) 

The  coils  b  b  b,  being  separately  attached  to  the  vessel  a,  can  be 
separately  removed  and  replaced  lor  repairs.  The  water  enters  through 
pipe  i  the  rotary-pump  j,  which  discharges  the  water  into  and  causes 
it  to  circulate  in  the  vessel  a  (this  circulation  being  kept  up  by  means 
of  revolving  paddles  l.)  The  cold  water  thus  circulates  around  the 
coils,  entering  at  the  bottom  and  escaping  through  pipe  k  at  the  top 
of  the  vessel  as  it  becomes  heated  by  extracting  the  heat  from  the 
coils,  and  thus  effectually  condenses  the  steam  in  the  pipes,  e  leads 
to  the  air-pump. 

Claim . — The  arrangement  of  two  or  more  coils  or  worms  of  pipes 
within  a  surrounding  vessel,  when  the  several  coils  are,  in  succession, 
coiled  of  a  smaller  diameter  and  placed  one  within  the  other,  and  each 
separately  attached  at  top  and  bottom,  in  the  manner  essentially  as 
and  for  the  purpose  specitied. 

Also,  causing  the  condensing  water  which  enters  the  surrounding 
vessel  to  travel  around  in  the  said  vessel,  for  the  purpose  specified, 
and  by  means  described,  or  any  equivalent  therefor,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,748. — Thomas  Doyle. — Improved  Arrangement  of  Two  Beam- 
Engines  with  Parallel  Shafts. — Patented  November  6,  1855.  (folates, 
p.  124.) 

This  mode  of  connecting  the  engines  forms  a  simple  arrangement 
for  driving  two  shafts,  to  which  it  causes  the  power  to  be  transmitted 
equally,  it  the  resistance  be  equal,  or  always  in  proportion  to  the 
relative  amount  of  resistance. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  two  beam-engines  in  line  with  their 
cylinders  contiguous  to  each  other,  and  the  connexion  of  the  piston 
ends  of  the  beams  by  an  intermediate  beam  C,  substantially  as  and  for 
the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,917. — Joel  W.  Pettis. — Improvement  in  Packing  Pistons  for 

Steam-Engines. — Patented  December  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  124.) 

E  is  a  split  ring  applied  inside  the  packing-rings  C  ;  the  outer  ends 
of  the  radial  arms  F  fit  into  notches  in  the  interior  of  ring  E,  and  the 
inner  ends  into  notches  in  the  central  bearing.  By  screwing  up  nut  b 
the  force  exerted  by  the  arms  F  to  cause  the  expansion  of  the  packing- 
rings  will  be  increased,  so  as  to  compensate  for  their  wear. 

The  inventor  says ;  I  do  not  claim  the  forcing  out  of  the  packing  by 
means  of  radial  arms  within  the  piston,  when  the  said  arms  have  only 
a  sliding  rectilinear  movement  produced  by  cones  at  the  centre,  as 
such  have  heretofore  been  used;  and  I  consider  that  arrangement  in¬ 
ferior  to,  or  more  likely  to  get  out  of  order  than,  and  not  so  easily  ad¬ 
justed  as,  the  arrangement  of  the  arms  to  work  as  described. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement  and  application  of  the  arms  F  F,  sub- 
tantially  as  described,  between  the  packing-rings  and  a  movable  cen- 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


569 


ire  bearing,  whether  the  said  centre  hearing  be  movable,  to  adjust  or 
tighten  the  packing  by  means  of  a  central  rod  passing  through  a  hol¬ 
low  rod,  or  by  other  means. 


No.  13,934. — William  W.  Wade,  assignor  to  William  W.  Wade 
and  Charles  Burnham. — Improvement  in  Variable  Cut-off  Gear  for 
Steam-Engines . — Patented  December  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  124.) 

The  form  of  induction-cam  D  is  that  of  a  circle  with  an  abrupt  offset 
d ,  the  effect  of  which  is  to  give  a  very  sudden  opening  to  the  valve, 
commencing  before  the  stroke  of  the  piston  has  quite  terminated,  and 
giving  a  full  opening  to  the  induction  port,  almost  at  the  instant  the 
engine  is  on  the  centre.  The  form  of  cut-off  cam  F  is  substantially 
like  that  of  cam  D,  in  order  to  give  a  quick  movement  to  the  valve  in 
closing  it.  The  cam  F  is  fitted  loosely  to  a  collar  g,  which  is  secured 
tightly  to  the  shaft,  and  this  collar  has  an  opening  h  between  it  and  the 
shaft,  to  receive  an  inclined  piece  i  attached  to  a  sliding  collar  H,  which 
fits  loosely  to  shaft  G.  The  inclined  piece  i  works  in  slot  Jc  which  is 
made  in  the  cam.  As  the  shaft  G  revolves,  its  collar  g  carries  round 
the  inclined  piece  i  and  sliding  collar  to  which  it  is  attached,  and  the 
inclined  piece  drives  the  earn.  As  the  inclined  piece  is  pushed  in  or 
out,  the  cam  is  advanced  or  carried  back  on  the  shaft,  and  the  move¬ 
ment  of  the  valve  to  cut  off  the  steam  will  take  place  earlier  or  later ; 
and  therefore,  by  connecting  the  collar  H  with  a  governor,  the  speed 
of  the  engine  can  be  governed. 

Claim.— The  arrangement  of  the  induction  and  cut-off  cams  D  and 
F  upon  the  parallel  shafts  G  and  E,  to  operate  in  a  yoke  frame  con¬ 
taining  two  separate  yokes  C  C1,  one  before  the  other,  substantially  as 
described. 


No.  13,468. — John  Mattiihws,  Jr. — Improvement  in  Pressure-Gauges. 

— Patented  August  21,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  124.) 

The  tube  A  has  offsets  at  one  side  in  the  form  of  hollow  plates  b. 
By  forcing  steam  or  other  fluids  into  the  tube,  the  effect  will  be  to  ex¬ 
pand  or  press  apart  the  horizontal  portions  of  the  offsets  b;  and  tnus  the 
side  of  the  tube  where  the  offsets  are  becomes  elongated,  while  the 
straight  side  d  remains  stationary-  This  elongation  of  one  side  pro¬ 
duces  a  deflection  of  the  tube,  which  (by  a  proper  connexion  ot  the 
upper  end  of  the  tube  with  an  indicator)  wdl  indicate  the  pressure. 
As  this  tube  is  made  by  electrotyping  upon  a  core  oi '  easily  fusible 
material,  (stearin  or  the  like,  which  is  to  be  melted  when  the  electro- 
typing  has  been  finished,)  there  is  no  solder  employed  in  making  the^ 
tube,  the  soldered  places  generally  being  apt  to  crack.  The  effect  of 
expansion  or  contraction  by  changes  of  temperature  is  merely  to  elon¬ 
gate  or  shorten  the  tube  without  bending  or  deflecting  it. 

Claim. — The  construction  of  a  gauge  tube,  in  the  manner  set  forth  ; 
that  is  to  say,  having  offsets  thrown  out  along  one  side,  for  the  purpose 
substantially  as  described. 


570 


YI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


No.  12,495. — Jno  Williams. — Improved  Arrangement  of  Exhaust-Pipes 
in  Locomotive  Engines .■ — Patented  March  6,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  124.) 

This  improvement  consists  in  creating  a  draught  through  the  lower 
flues  of  the  boiler,  by  the  interposition  of  a  curtain,  consisting  of  two 
cylinders  surrounding  the  exhaust-pipes  and  wings  b  placed  in  the 
smoke-arch,  by  which  the  draught  is  directed  more  perfectly  through 
these  flues,  and  thus  a  flue-draught  produced  in  them. 

Claim. — Surrounding  the  exhaust- pipes  e  e  with  cylinders  a  and  d , 
and  the  outer  one  connected  by  wings  b  b  with  the  sides  of  the  smoke- 
arch,  for  the  purpose  of  economizing  fuel  and  power  of  the  engine  as 
well  as  equalizing  the  draught  through  the  lower  flues  of  the  boiler, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,S05  — John  E.  Wootten. — Improved  Arrangement  of  Means  for 
Regulating  the  Discharge  of  Exhaust- Steam  in,  Locomotives. — Patented 
May  1,  185-5.  (Plates,  p.  124.) 

The  exhaust-steam  pipes  B  B  communicate  with  chamber  C.  In 
this  chamber  slides  the  valve- tube  c,  which,  when  in  its  lowest  posi¬ 
tion,  fits  with  its  bevelled  lower  edge  upon  the  seat  eZ,  which  projects 
from  the  bottom  of  the  chamber.  In  proportion  as  the  valve-tube  is 
more  or  less  elevated,  the  annular  opening  between  it  and  the  seat  will 
be  increased  or  diminished,  and  with  it  the  force  of  discharge,  and 
consequently  the  draught  through  the  tubes  of  the  locomotive. 

The  cylinder  D  communicates,  as  shown  in  fig.  3,  with  two  hollow 
trunnions  f  g,  on  which  it  oscillates.  The  space  behind  the  piston  E 
communicates  with  the  steam  or  water  in  the  boiler  through  trunnion f 
and  proper  connecting-pipe.  The  space  in  front  of  piston  E  connects 
with  the  exhaust-steam  chamber  C  through  trunnion  g  and  connecting- 
pipe.  The  area  of  piston  E  and  of  the  annular  section  of  the  valve- 
tube  c  are  so  proportioned  that  a  pressure  upon  one,  acting  through 
levers  hj,  will  balance  a  corresponding  pressure  on  the  other.  Thus 
is  counteracted  within  the  cylinder  D  the  effect  of  the  pressure  of  the 
exhaust-steam  on  the  lower  edge  of  valve  c.  The  motions  of  the  pis¬ 
ton  E  elevate  or  depress  the  valve  c  by  means  of  piston-rod  e,  levers  hj, 
connecting-rod  7r,  cross-beam  /,  and  rods  m.  The  rise  of  the  cross-beam 
l  is  limited  by  the  elasticity  of  the  elliptical  spring  n.  In  this  manner 
the  pressure  of  steam  from  the  boiler,  acting  on  one  side  of  the  piston 
E  and  in  combination  with  the  elasticity  of  the  spring,  the  two  forces 
acting  reciprocally  on  each  other,  regulates  the  position  of  valve  c,  and 
thereby  the  area  of  the  discharge-passage  of  the  exhaust- steam. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  piston  E,  within  the  cylinder  D,  in 
communication  with  the  steam  or  water  space  of  the  boiler,  and  with 
the  exhaust-chamber  C,  in  relation  to  the  spring  ??,  rods  and  levers  and 
beams  hj  k  l  m,  and  valve  c ,  operating  as  and  for  the  purpose  herein 
set  forth. 


YI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


571 


No.  13,238. — Chas.  F.  Thomas. — Improvement  in  Means  for  Increasing 

Draught  in  Locomotives. — Patented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  125.) 

The  deflector  T  is  carried  backward  near  its  periphery,  as  seen  at 
a;  the  rearward  curve  of  it  constituting  a  reverse  deflector  for  the  pur- 
pose  to  deflect  air  through  openings  U  into  passage  l\I,  when  the  engine 
is  run  backwards.  The  openings  U  can  be  closed  or  opened  by  an 
annular  valve-plate  V,  which  is  so  connected  with  the  butterfly-valves 
S  S,  by  means  of  rods  W,  that  when  it  is  turned  to  close  the  openings 
U,  it  shall  open  the  valves  S,  and  vice  versa. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  combining  with  a  chimney  a  tube 
for  receiving  a  current  of  air,  and  injecting  it  into  the  chimney  in  order 
to  improve  its  draught;  nor  do  I  claim  so  combining  a  steam  eduction- 
pipe  with  the  chimney  of  a  locomotive  steam-carriage  that  the  steam 
proceeding  from  the  pipe  may  be  caused  to  flow  or  rush  into  and  up 
the  chimney,  so  as  to  improve  its  draught;  nor  do  I  claim  combining 
with  the  furnace  or  fireplace  of  a  locomotive  steam-engine  an  air-blast 
apparatus  ;  nor  do  I  claim  merely  arranging  on  the  front  of  the  chim¬ 
ney  or  flue  of  a  locomotive  steam  carriage  a  funnel  or  mouth  for  intro¬ 
ducing  air  into  the  flue  or  chimney  and  increasing  its  draught  when  the 
carriage  is  in  motion,  so  as  to  carry  the  funnel  or  mouth  against  the 
air. 

But  I  claim  combining  with  an  air-receiving  mouth  L  (arranged  on 
the  front  ends  of  the  locomotive  steam-carriage,)  the  chimney  I,  and 
smoke- box  O,  a  secondary  chimney  K  and  a  concentric  or  surround¬ 
ing  air-passage  M,  whereby,  when  the  steam-carriage  is  in  movement 
on  the  railway,  a  current  of  air  may  be  caused  to  rush  into  the  chim¬ 
ney  and  around  and  above  the  mouth  of  the  secondary  chimney,  and 
so  as  to  aid  in  increasing  the  draught  through  the  smoke-tubes  as 
specified. 

And,  in  combination  with  the  air-deflector  T,  the  air-passage  L.  I  claim 
one  or  more  closing  valves  or  doors  to  the  former,  a  covered  deflector 
a,  and  one  or  more  other  mouths  or  openings  U  U,  and  a  closing  con¬ 
trivance  or  annular  valve  V,  the  same  being  so  applied  as  to  enable 
the  engine,  either  in  moving  forward  or  backward,  to  cause  a  current 
of  air  to  enter  its  chimney,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  as 
specified. 

I  also  claim  the  manner  in  which  the  valve  c  is  made  and  applied  to 
the  passage  M  and  the  secondary  chimney  K,  in  order  that  it  may  not 
only  serve  to  diminish  the  discharging  mouth  of  said  passage,  but  de¬ 
flect  or  contract  the  tubular  current  of  air  passing  out  of  it,  and  so  as 
to  improve  the  draught  of  the  same. 


F?o.  13,270. — Davjd  Matthew. — Improvement  in  Apparatus  for  Heat¬ 
ing  Feed-Water  to  Locomotive  Engines. — Patented  July  17,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  125.) 

c  d  is  the  tubulai  heater  ;  the  heated  gases  in  their  course  from  the 
flues  to  the  openings  between  the  sectional  cones  /  cause  the  heal  to 
act  directly  against  and  around  them ;  the  exhaust-pipes  g  force  the 


572 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


current  up  through  the  sectional  cones,  causing  the  current  to  rush 
between  each  secdonai  cone. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  tubular  healer,  sectional  cones,  and 
short  exhaust-pipes,  in  relation  to  each  other  and  to  the  smoke- box,  as 
set  forth. 


No.  13,648. — Samuel  L.  Hay. — Improvement  in  the  Variable  Exhaust  of 

Locomotive  Engines. — Patented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  125.) 

a  b  is  the  blast-pipe,  provided  with  perforations  c,  and  an  orifice  d 
in  the  top  ;  it  is  enclosed  by  another  pipe  f  which  is  free  to  work  up 
and  down.  The  difference  between  the  area  of  the  orifice  e  and  the 
inner  area  of  the  lower  part  of  /will  be  the  surface  acted  upon  by  the 
discharging  steam  to  raise  pipe /,  thereby  admitting  a  free  discharge  of 
all  the  surplus  steam  over  the  amount  required  to  produce  the  deter¬ 
mined  amount  of  back-pressure  ;  the  outer  end  of  lever  h  can  be 
weighted  so  as  to  increase  or  diminish  the  back-pressure. 

Claim. — The  application  of  a  self  regulating  and  adjustable  blast- 
pipe  to  a  locomotive  engine,  as  described,  or  such  modification  of  it  as 
shall  be  substantially  the  same. 


No.  13,939. — -Wm.  E.  Cooper. — Improved  Nozzle  for  Exhaust- Pipes  of 

Locomotives . — Patented  December  IS,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  125.) 

The  object  of  constructing  the  nozzle  of  an  exterior  cone  A,  and  in¬ 
terior  cylinder  B,  is  to  afford  sufficient  space  at  the  base  to  receive 
freely  all  the  steam  entering  through  the  pipes  c  d,  and  distribute  it 
equally  to  all  its  parts,  and  at  the  same  time  to  allow  its  escape  only 
through  a  narrow  circular  opening  a  b ,  extending  around  its  top. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  in  the  various  multiplied  forms  of 
exhaust-nozzles,  the  steam  of  escaping  vapor  has  been  already  formed 
into  various  shapes  ;  one  of  which  is,  in  effect,  a  ring,  a  conical  plug 
being  fitted  in  the  orifice  to  regulate  the  area  of  the  opening  by  vary¬ 
ing  its  position  ;  but  none  of  these  have  been  with  the  intent,  nor  have 
they  produced  the  effect  ot  mine,  inasmuch  as  the  blast  has  never  been 
efficient,  except  on  its  outer  surface. 

I  claim  the  blast-nozzle  described,  which  forms  the  escaping  steam 
into  a  circle,  or  its  equivalent,  and  permits  the  products  of  combustion 
to  pass  up  both  sides  of  the  annular  steam-track  or  current,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,145. — Jos.  Henry  Tuck. — Improvements  in  Packing  for  Stuffing- 
Boxes,  &fc. — Patented  June  26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  125.) 

This  packing  is  made  of  canvass,  saturated  with  India-rubber.  The 
canvass  is  then  cut,  in  a  diagonal  manner,  into  strips  of  required  width  ; 
the  diagonal  ends  are  cemented  together  so  as  to  form  any  length  of 
fillet  required  ;  then  it  is  rolled  up  into  a  roll  and  allowed  to  cement  in 
a  firm  but  elastic  or  flexible  roll.  Where  greater  elasticity  is  required, 
the  canvass  is  to  be  rolled  around  an  India-rubber  core.  Figure  1  repre- 


VI.— STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


573 

sents  a  cylindrical  packing ;  figure  2  is  another  manner  of  rolling  up 
packing  to  be  used  in  conical  seats ;  figure  3  represents  packing  rolled 
around  a  core  a. 

Claim. — The  forming  of  packing  for  pistons  or  stuffing-boxes  of  steam- 
engines,  and  for  like  purposes,  out  of  saturated  canvass,  so  cut  that 
the  thread  or  warp  shall  run  in  a  diagonal  direction  from  the  line  or 
centre  of  the  roll  of  packing,  and  rolled  into  form  either  in  connection 
with  the  India-rubber  core  or  other  elastic  material,  or  without,  as  set 
forth. 


No.  12,829. — Gilbert  Richards. — Improvement  in  Spark- Arresters. — * 

Patented  May  8,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  125.) 

The  sparks,  as  they  are  carried  upward  by  the  draught,  wall  be  thrown 
by  the  deflecting-plates  D  into  the  angular  recesses  a ,  formed  by  the 
flanch  B,  the  sparks  having  a  tendency  to  pass  therein,  owing  to  their 
momentum,  while  the  smoke  will  pass  around  the  edge  of  the  plates  D, 
and  ascend  through  the  centre  of  the  casing  A. 

Claim. — The  spiral  flanch  B  and  deflecting- plates  D,  arranged  as 
herein  shown,  and  for  the  purpose  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,865. — David  Matthew. — Improvement  in  Spark-Arresters. 

Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  125.) 

The  chimney-tube  R,  extended  into  the  smoke-box,  comes  down 
directly  over  the  exhaust-pipes;  by  its  position  near  the  bottom  of  the 
box,  and  by  the  current  caused  by  the  exhaust,  the  heavier  sparks  are 
to  be  drawn  up  that  would  otherwise  be  left  in  the  smoke-box  in  an 
ignited  state,  and  injure  it,  and  obstruct  the  lower  flues.  An  open 
annular  space  is  left  between  the  base  of  chimney  I  and  the  top  of 
tube  R ;  and  the  exhaust-pipes  do  not  pass  through  the  sides  of  this 
tube,  to  discharge  into  it,  as  this  would  obstruct  the  draught,  but  pre¬ 
sent  their  mouth  to  its  lower  end. 

Claim. — The  annular  space  between  the  base  of  the  smoke-pipe  I 
and  the  section  R,  extending  down  into  the  smoke-box  A,  with  the  ex¬ 
haust-pipes  D  underneath,  arranged  as  and  for  the  purposes  herein  set 
forth. 


No.  12,915. — David  Matthew. — Improvements  in  Spark-Arresters 

Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  125.) 

A  is  the  separating-cone,  K  the  saddle-pipe,  N  the  spark-arrest ei, 
O  the  case,  and  P  the  chimney.  The  V  cavities  form  entrances  to  the 
openings  m ,  which  are  at  the  upper  points  of  these  cavities  ;  an  iron 
plate  closes  the  top ;  the  lower  part  of  the  cone  sits  in  the  saddle-pipe, 
which  receives  the  sparks,  and  conducts  them  off.  When  the  current 
of  smoke,  sparks,  &c.,  is  thrown  against  the  cone  by  the  force  of  the 
exhaust-steam  in  the  chimney,  and  strikes  into  the  V  cavities,  the 
sparks  pass  through  the  openings  m,  striking  the  top  plate,  and  failing 


574 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


back  into  the  cavities  on  the  inside,  which  conducts  them  down,  while 
the  smoke  and  gases  pass  off. 

Claim . — The  separating  head  or  cone,  having  the  surface  that  is  ex¬ 
posed  to  the  current  from  the  chimney  formed  of  V  cavities,  or  pro¬ 
jections  and  openings,  for  the  purpose  of  separating  the  sparks  from 
the  current  of  gases. 

Also,  the  saddle-pipe,  for  the  purpose  of  supporting  the  head,  and 
conducting  the  current  of  sparks  and  gases  through  it,  substantially  as 
herein  shown  and  described. 


No.  13,216. — Daniel  Deshon,  2d. — Improvement  in  Spark-Arresters . 

— Patented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  125.) 

The  deflector  or  plate  J  serves  to  give  the  proper  direction  to  the 
current  of  steam  as  it  escapes ;  the  further  the  plate  J  is  run  down 
from  its  highest  position,  the  more  the  current  of  steam  will  be  thrown 
towards  the  sides  of  the  stack  (the  engraving  represents  the  plate  in 
about  its  lowest  position).  The  grating  D,  for  arresting  the  sparks, 
is  placed  on  the  side  of  the  stack,  thus  leaving  the  top  of  it  clear  from 
obstructions  to  the  draught. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  deflector  at  the  base  of  the  pipe, 
and  the  curved  flange  C  at  the  top,  and  the  gauge  or  grating  D  at  the 
side,  as  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,355. — William  Mt.  Storm. — Improvement  in  Steam- Generators. 

— Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  125.) 

The  thermostat  consists  of  two  horizontal  zinc  straps  J1,  connected  at 
their  middle  by  a  vertical  zinc  strap  J1,  and  riveted  at  their  ends  to  a 
rectangular  iron  case  H1,  into  which  the  steam  enters  at  A1  directly 
from  the  boiler,  and  through  which  it  passes  to  the  superheater  by 
means  of  pipe  B1.  The  difference  between  the  expansion  of  the  iron 
case  and  the  zinc  straps  will  actuate  the  rod  K1  and  cock  C1. 

B}7  partially  opening  cock  P1  when  the  desiccator  is  likely  to  be¬ 
come  overheated,  water  from  the  boiler  will  enter  into  the  desiccator, 
according  to  the  extent  to  which  the  cock  P1  is  open,  and  forming 
steam  will  take  up  any  excess  of  heat  beyond  that  due  to  the  pressure 
of  the  steam,  if  the  supply  of  water  allowed  to  enter  is  sufficient; 
but  if  limited,  any  desired  excess  of  heat  or  superheat  may  be  re¬ 
tained.  If  the  desiccator  were  allowed  to  fill,  the  water  could  not  rise 
above  the  level  of  pipe  B1,  where  it  enters  the  desiccator ;  for,  if  it 
should,  the  steam  formed  in  the  latter,  being  confined,  would  promptly 
become  of  greater  pressure  than  that  in  the  boiler,  and  press  the  water 
out,  till  it  could  itself  escape  by  B1  to  the  main  steam-dome. 

Claim. — 1st.  Enclosing  a  thermostat  in  a  steam-tight  space,  forming 
a  part  of  the  steam-conducting  passage  to  the  engine,  and  from  such 
thermostat  forming  an  exterior  and  adjustable  connection  to  a  cock  or 
valve,  as  C1,  located  in  the  exit-pipe  of  the  boiler  in  such  manner  that, 
being  moved  by  the  thermostat,  it  shall  direct  more  or  less  of  the  steam 


YI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


575 


through  the  superheater;  the  whole  device,  by  acting  in  conjunction, 
thus  controlling,  while  being  actuated  by,  the  temperature  of  the  steam 
going  to  the  engine. 

2d.  Regulating  and  tempering  the  heat  in  the  desiccator,  by  the  ad¬ 
mission  to  it.  as  may  he  necessaiy,  of  water  from  the  boiler,  by  means 
of  an  especial  communication,  as  pipe  O1,  the  quantity  admitted  being 
governable  by  the  adjustment  of  a  cock,  as  P1,  all  substantially  as 
explained. 


No.  12,682  — Alexander  B.  Latta. — Improvement  in  Steam- Generators . 

— Patented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  125.) 

E  is  the  water-jacket,  A  A  the  coil,  the  ends  C  C  of  which  pass, 
turn  down,  and  connect  immediately  with  the  upper  part  of  the  water- 
jacket.  The  lower  ends  F  F  of  the  coil,  coming  through  the  water- 
jacket,  connect  with  the  pumping-engine,  which  receives  the  water 
from  an  open  vessel,  which  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  reservoir 
through  a  pipe  provided  with  a  cock,  to  regulate  the  quantity  of  water 
as  it  goes  into  the  pumps.  The  pump  can  be  disconnected  from  the 
engine,  to  be  worked  by  hand.  The  open  water-vessel,  or  any  equi¬ 
valent,  is  to  enable  the  engineer  to  see  the  water  as  it  is  going  in.  By 
means  of  gauge-cocks  N  N,  the  engineer  ascertains  whether  or  not  the 
water  is  all  converted  into  steam.  D  is  the  safety-valve.  Gauge- 
cocks  G  G,  in  the  water-jacket,  serve  to  determine  when  an  excess  is 
coming  over,  by  the  water  rising  in  it.  In  commencing  the  generation 
of  steam,  there  should  be  no  water  in  the  coil;  the  fire  being  lighted, 
and  burning  briskly,  the  engineer  commences  to  work  the  pumps  by 
hand,  and  injects  water  into  the  coil,  which,  by  this  time,  has  become 
hot  enough  to  generate  steam.  As  soon  as  sufficient  steam  has  been 
generated  to  fill,  the  steam-chamber,  the  hand-pumping  ceases,  and  the 
pumps  are  connected  with  the  engine. 

Claim. — 1st.  Combining  a  steam  generator  or  boiler,  consisting  of 
a  coil  of  tube,  with  a  furnace,  in  such  manner  that  the  flame,  or  pro¬ 
ducts  of  combustion,  shall  come  in  immediate  contact  with  said  coil, 
when  this  coil  is  combined  with  a  feed-apparatus  and  gauges,  which 
will  enable  the  engineer  to  inspect  constantly  the  supply  of  water,  see 
that  it  is  not  interrupted,  test  its  sufficiency,  and  regulate  it  at  pleasure, 
according  to  the  varying  demands  of  the  boiler,  or  close  the  dampers, 
if  the  feed  should  be  interrupted,  substantially  as  described. 

2d.  While  confining  the  admission  of  water  to  the  receiving  end 
of  a  coiled  tube  boiler,  limiting  the  quantity  therein,  and  the  supply 
thereof,  to  the  quantity  demanded  for  immediate  conversion  into  steam, 
for  the  purpose  of  avoiding  the  weight  ol  a  large  quantity  of  water ;  pro¬ 
ducing  steam  promptly,  saving  fuel,  and  preventing  the  water  from 
being  thrown  out  of  the  tubes  by  the  steam  formed  in  the  lower  part 

thereof,  substantially  as  described. 

3d.  Causing  the  discharging  end  of  a  coiled  tube  generator  to 
communicate  with  and  discharge  itself  into  the  water-jacktt,  while  all 
other  communication  ol  said  coil  with  said  water-jacket  is  avoided,  as 
described. 


576 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


No.  13,563. — Albert  Bisbee. — Improvement  in  Steam, -Gauge  Cocks. — 

Patented  September  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  125.) 

The  outer  end  of  the  body  A  of  the  gauge-cock  has  a  screw-thread 
cut  in  it  for  the  male  screw  of  the  stopper  C  to  fit  and  work  into  ;  this 
recessed  portion  of  the  body  is  extended  beyond  the  stopper-seat  F,  so 
as  to  form  an  annular  space  I,  surrounding  an  annular  projection  Ii, 
composing  the  stopper-seat  portion  of  the  body,  the  outlet  aperture  B 
running  centrally  of  the  body  from  its  inner  end  to  the  stopper-seat 
surface  F.  E  is  an  India-rubber  disk. 

I  claim  the  arrangement,  substantially  as  specified,  of  the  India-rub¬ 
ber  disk,  or  facing,  to  the  screw-plug  or  stopper,  imbedded  and  bound 
at  its  edges  by  an  extension  of  the  body  of  the  plug,  as  described, 
with  ihe  stationary  annular  stopper-seat  of  the  cock,  essentially  as  set 
forth. 


No.  13.652. — George  M.  Longacre. — Improvement,  in  Economizing 

Steam. — Patented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  126.) 

The  steam  is  generated  in  boilers  a,  and  passes  at  high  pressure 
under  the  evaporators  b ,  and  from  thence  to  the  second  set  of  boilers  c, 
which  furnish  the  steam  for  the  engine. 

The  advantages  of  this  system,  the  inventor  states,  are,  first,  that 
the  surplus  heat  is  taken  up  by  the  second  boiler  before  the  gases  from  the 
fire  pass  to  the  chimney ;  secondly,  the  greater  pressure  in  the  first  set 
of  boilers  entirely  dispenses  with  the  necessity  of  a  pump  to  keep  up 
the  circulation  from  the  first  into  the  second;  thirdly,  a  less  surface  of 
pans  and  length  of  pipe  will  answer  to  produce  a  given  amount  of 
evaporation,  as  the  temperature  of  the  boiling  steam  is  higher  than  by 
any  other  plan. 

Claim. — The  employment  of  two  sets  of  boilers,  in  the  manner  and 
for  the  purposes  described,  having  steam  of  different  pressure  and 
temperature  therein,  and  passing  the  steam  from  the  boiler  of  the  highest 
pressure  through  the  pipes  of  the  evaporators,  &c.,  to  the  other  boiler, 
from  whence  it  is  used  to  move  the  machinery  of  the  mill. 


No.  13,71 1. — Jos.  Woodruff. — Improvement  in  Elastic  Diaphragm  Steam- 

Pressure  Regulators. — Patented  October  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  126.) 

The  piston  F,  which  is  acted  upon  by  diaphragm  D,  has  a  smaller 
diameter  than  the  inner  periphery  of  curb  E,  and  is  guided  in  its  central 
position  by  chains  H,  attached  with  one  end  to  the  piston  and  with  the 
other  to  the  curb.  The  steam  enters  at  c. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  convex  or  cup-edged  piston, 
as  it  may  have  been  used  before  ;  but  I  claim  the  chains  H,  as  arranged 
in  relation  to  the  cupped-edge  or  convex  surface  of  the  piston,  for  con¬ 
trolling  and  guiding  the  piston,  and  keeping  it  in  its  central  position 
without  coming  in  contact  with  any  substance  to  cause  friction  when 
operated  upon  by  the  diaphragm,  as  set  forth. 


YI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES* 


577 


No.  12,203. — George  W.  Hubbard  and  William  E.  Conant. — 

Improvement  in  Operating  Slide-Valves  in  Direct- action  Engines. — 

Patented  January  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  126.) 

Supposing  the  steam-port  m  of  the  engine  to  be  open,  and  piston  B 
to  have  so  nearly  finished  its  stroke  to  the  right,  that  the  tappet-arm  b 
is  just  coming  in  contact  with  the  tappet  a1  to  move  the  valve  to  effect 
the  reversal,  (as  represent  ed  in  figure  1,)  then  the  ports  i  i1  of  the  small 
cylinder  are  closed,  and  so  have  been  from  the  commencement  of  the 
stroke  of  B.  B  will  continue  its  motion  until  it  brings  valve  E  to  a 
central  position  over  the  ports,  when,  both  steam-ports  being  closed,  the 
motion  of  the  piston  ceases,  and  (the  direct-action  engine  having  no  fly- 
wheel)  the  motion  of  the  valve  E  would  cease  also,  but  that  during  the 
above  motion  of  the  piston  B,  the  valve- rod  F  moves  the  small  valve 
h,  and  opens  the  port  i  to  admit  steam  to  the  small  cylinder  g,  to  act 
on  piston  f  for  the  purpose  of  driving  the  valve  E  to  the  end  of  its 
stroke,  and  opening  port  m1  for  reversal,  as  shown  in  figure  2.  During 
the  greater  portion  of  that  part  of  the  movement  of  the  valve  E  pro¬ 
duced  by  the  piston  f  the  valve-rod  F  and  valve  h  are  stationary  as 
the  projection  or  hook  d  on  the  rod  is  moving  from  end  to  end  of  the 
recess  c  ;  but  just  before  the  stroke  of  valve  E  is  completed,  the  end  of 
the  recess  comes  in  contact  with  the  said  projection  or  hook,  and  the 
remainder  of  the  stroke  causes  the  valve  h  to  be  moved  far  enough  for 
its  passage  7c  to  be  closed  by  the  cut-off/,  and  the  movement  of  the  valve 
E  ceases.  The  ports  i  i  of  the  cylinder  g  remain  closed,  and  the  valve 
E  stationary,  and  all  the  valve  gear  in  the  condition  represented  in  figure 
2,  until  the  engine  piston  in  its  movement  to  the  left  brings  the  tappet- 
arm  into  contact  with  the  tappet  a,  when  the  valve  E  is  operated  in  a 
manner  the  reverse  of  that  above  described. 

Claim. — Connecting  the  slide-valve  E  and  its  tappet-rod  F  in  such 
a  way  as  to  allow  either  a  certain  amount  of  motion  independently  ot 
the  other,  and  combining  them  with  a  steam  cylinder  g,  piston /,  slide- 
valve  h ,  and  cut-off  /,  so  as  to  operate  substantially  in  the  manner 
herein  described. 


No.  12,207. — William  Cleveland  Hicks. — Improved  Arrangement  of 
Slide-  Valve  and  Exhaust- Passages  in  Steam- Engines.— Patented  January 
9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  126.) 

The  engraving  plainly  illustrates  the  nature  of  this  improvement. 
Claim. — The  producing  (by  one  slide-valve  and  valve  seat)  of  two  or 
mere  exhaust-passages  from  each  end  of  the  cylinder  for  each  induc¬ 
tion  or  steam-port,  substantially  as  in  the  manner  described. 


No.  12,399. — John  Tremper. — Improvement  in  Steam-  Valves. — Patented 
February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  126.) 

Claim. — 1st.  The  valve  composed  of  a  ring,  without  ports  or  passages 
in  its  sides,  applied  substantially  as  described  within  a  casing  contain¬ 
ing  a  fixed  head  or  cup  b,  and  a  passage  or  passages  d,  leading  from 
one  side  to  the  other  of  the  said  fixed  head  or  cup. 

37 


578 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


2d.  The  guard-ring  C  applied  substantially  as  described,  either  with 
or  without  the  lip  i,  for  the  purpose  of  protecting  the  inlet  side,  or  end 
of  the  valve,  against  the  percussive  effect  of  the  rush  of  steam  or  other 
fluid,  at  the  commencement  of  the  stroke  of  the  engine.  (See  en¬ 
graving.) 


No.  12,507. — Noble  T.  Greene. — Improvements  in  Cut-off  Valves  for 

Steam-Engines. — Patented  March  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  126.) 

a  a  are  the  two  slide-valves,  connected  by  rods  b  with  rocking-levers 
c,  on  arbors  d;  the  arbors  have  cranks  e,  which  are  weighted  by  means 
of  weights  /,  to  close  the  valves  when  the  levers  are  liberated.  Bar  g, 
which  receives  a  reciprocating  motion  from  any  suitable  part  of  the 
machine,  is  guided  between  standards  h,  and  tappets  j  slide  in  vertical 
mortises  in  said  bar  ;  the  tappets  are  constantly  forced  up  (by  means 
of  spring  T)  against  the  lower  edge  of  gauge-bar  m;  shoulders  k  on 
said  tappets  determine  the  limit  of  their  motion  downward.  The 
gauge-bar  m  has  a  stem  n,  sliding  in  a  standard  o,  and  can  be  either  set 
at  desired  heights  b}^  means  of  a  set-screw,  or  it  can  be  connected 
with  the  governor,  in  order  to  regulate  the  height  to  which  the  tappets 
may  be  forced  up  by  the  spring,  which  will  determine  the  period  of 
closing  the  valves. 

Claim. — Combining  with  the  rocking-levers,  or  their  equivalents,  for 
operating  the  valves,  the  spring-tappets  on  the  sliding-bars,  substan¬ 
tially  as  described  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 

Also,  in  combination  with  the  sliding  spring-tappets,  that  operate  the 
rock-levers,  substantially  as  described,  the  employment  of  the  gauge- 
bar  or  any  equivalent  therefor,  to  regulate  the  period  of  closing  the 
valve,  whether  the  said  gauge-bar  be  regulated  by  a  governor  or  by 
other  means,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,564. — H.  Uhry  and  H.  A.  Luttgens. — Improvements  in  Valve- 

Gearing  for  Steam-Engines. — Patented  March  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 

127.) 

The  differential  rocker  G  is  hung  upon  a  spindle  n,  parallel  to  the 
main  rocker  shaft  O,  and  the  spindle  is  stationary  within  two  arms  l  k 
of  the  same,  while  the  differential  rocker  turns  freely  upon  it;  the  lat¬ 
ter  is  provided  with  two  arms,  one  F  o  forming  a  quadrant  arm,  which 
holds  a  sliding-block  (not  represented  in  the  engraving)  operated  by 
an  eccentric  ;  the  extremity  of  the  other  arm  o  forms  a  joint  to  receive 
a  valve-rod  operating  the  exhaust- valve,  the  motion  of  which  is  mainly 
due  to  the  motion  of  the  main  rocker,  which  is  connected  to  the  sta¬ 
tionary  or  shifting-link  motion,  but  is  modified  and  regulated  by  the 
position  of  the  block  within  the  quadrant-arm  of  the  differential  rocker. 
The  eccentric  which  operates  the  quadrant-arm  of  the  differential 
rocker  is  fitted  and  fastened  upon  the  crank-shaft,  besides  the  two  ec¬ 
centrics  which  operate  the  ordinary-link  motion,  all  three  having  in 
this  case  the  same  amount  of  throw  ;  the  throw  of  the  additional  ec¬ 
centric  may,  however,  be  varied  as  deemed  proper.  The  eccentric 


VI  —STEAM  and  gas  engines. 


579 


near  its  extremity  is  secured  by  a  pin  to  a  block,  which  latter  is  fitted 
so  as  to  slide  freely  within  the  slot  of  the  quadrant-rocker  arm  ;  the  end 
of  the  eccentric  rod  is  fastened  by  a  pin  to  a  connecting  piece,  which 
forms  a  link  between  the  former  and  the  reversing  lever,  the  fulcrum 
of  which  has  its  bearing  in  a  part  of  the  framing  of  the  engine.  The 
second  arm  of  this  lever,  forming  an  angle  of  about  ninety  degrees 
with  the  former,  has  secured  to  its  end  the  reversing  rod,  which  latter 
may  be  secured  at  its  other  extremity  to  an  ordinary  reversing  lever. 

The  main  valve  C1,  or  the  one  operated  upon  by  the  ordinary  link- 
motion,  is  a  solid  plate  without  cavities,  and  its  seat  is  provided  with 
two  steam-ports  e1  and  f1,  by  which  the  steam  enters  passages  leading 
to  the  ends  of  the  cylinder.  The  second  valve  d1,  or  the  one  operated 
upon  by  the  differential  rocker,  is  supplied  with  the  exhaust-cavity  7d  ; 
its  seat  has  two  steam -ports  i1  and  gl,  and  one  exhaust-port  hl;  the 
steam-ports  opening  into  the  same  passages  which  lead  to  the  ends  of 
the  cylinder,  these  passages  being  properly  extended  so  as  to  meet  their 
respective  steam-ports.  The  valve-seats  are  made  of  a  W  shape, 
each  V  forming  a  seat  for  one  of  the  two  valves. 

The  first-mentioned  valve,  operated  by  the  ordinary-link  motion, 
fulfils  the  offices  of  distributing  the  steam  to  the  cylinder,  supplying 
outside  lead,  and  cutting  off'  the  steam  in  proportion  to  the  decrease  of 
travel;  the  other  valve  exhausts  the  steam,  while,  at  the  same  time, 
it  opens  and  cuts  off  the  admission  of  steam  near  full  stroke  of  the 
piston. 

A  description  of  the  operation  of  this  mechanism  would  occupy  too 
much  space. 

The  inventors  say :  We  do  not  desire  to  confine  our  claim  to  any 
precise  manner  of  construction  or  application  ol  the  improvement,  as, 
from  its  capacity  of  being  applied  to  steam-engines  of  different  designs 
and  purposes,  its  adaptation  may,  as  already  stated,  call  for  modifica¬ 
tions  of  parts  connected  with  the  improvement. 

But  we  claim  the  differential  rocker  G,  operated  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed,  in  connexion  with  the  stationary  or  shifting  link  motion,  for  the 
purposes  of  increasing  the  opening  of  the  steam-ports  at  the  higher 
grades  of  expansion,  and  retarding  and  varying  the  time  of  exhaust, 
without  incurring  early  compression  attending  increase  of  inside-lap 
on  an  ordinary  valve. 

We  also  claim  the  duplicate  valve-seats  B2  and  B1  being  arranged 
parallel  to  each  other,  provided  with  steam-ports/1  e1  i1  g1 ,  and  an  ex¬ 
haust-port  A1;  the  two  steam-ports  g1  and  e1  towards  the  front  of  the 
cylinder,  joining  in  the  passage  J1,  lead  the  steam  to  that  end  of  the 
cylinder ;  the  other  two  steam-ports  il  and  fl  leading  the  steam  into 
one  passage  K1  towards  the  back  end  of  the  cylinder. 


No.  12,592. — Wm.  H.  Guild  and  W.  F.  Garrison. — Improvement  in 
Operating  Valves  m  Direct-acting  Steam-IdUgines.  1  atented  IVIarcb 
27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  127.) 

The  operation  of  this  valve  will  be  understood  from  the  engravings. 
The  inventors  say :  We  do  not  confine  ourselves  to  the  particular 


580 


YI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


form  of  the  valve,  or  arrangement  of  the  ports,  further  than  is  ne¬ 
cessary  to  the  within  described  operation. 

We  claim  giving  to  the  valve  the  whole  or  part  of  the  movement  ne¬ 
cessary  to  effect  the  change  in  the  direction  of  the  engine-piston,  by 
means  of  the  steam  acting  upon  a  piston  E,  which  is  arranged  and  ap¬ 
plied  to  work  perpendicularly  to  the  valve  within  a  cylinder  D  attached 
to  a  cap  fitted  to  the  back  of  the  valve,  and  is  supported  against  the 
pressure  of  the  steam  by  a  rocker  e,  or  its  equivalent,  by  which  it  is 
caused  to  operate,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,624. — Thos.  Goodrum. - Improvements  in  Valves  for  Steam- 

Engines . — Patented  April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  127.) 

The  operation  of  this  valve  will  be  understood  by  reference  to  figures 
2  and  3,  both  of  which  represent  the  valve  in  the  same  position;  one 
figure  showing  its  relation  to  the  ports  a  a  at  one  end  of  the  casing,  and 
the  other  figure  its  relation  to  the  ports  a1  a1  at  the  opposite  end,  at  the 
same  time.  The  cut-off  is  there  supposed  to  be  adjusted  to  cut  off  at 
about  half- stroke.  The  right-hand  engine  is  supposed  to  be  just  pass¬ 
ing  the  centre ;  the  left-hand  one  to  be  at  half-stroke.  The  valve 
makes  one  revolution  in  the  direction  of  the  arrows  for  every  revolution 
of  the  engine-shaft.  The  bearing  i  of  the  valve  is  just  passing  the  port 
a  of  the  right-hand  cylinder,  and  commencing  to  admit  steam  from  the 
interior  of  the  valve  through  the  opening,  while  the  bearing  gl  is  just 
opening  the  opposite  port  a1  of  the  same  cylinder  to  the  exhaust.  The 
port  a  of  the  left-hand  cylinder,  which  has  been  receiving  steam,  is  just 
being  closed  by  the  plate  p,  while  the  opposite  port  a1  is  full  open  to 
the  exhaust- cavity  el.  The  time  of  cutting-off'  can  be  varied.  The 
dotted  lines  in  figures  2  and  3  represent  a  position  where  the  cutting 
off  will  take  place  later  than  in  the  position  represented  in  full  lines; 
Ic  is  the  induction,  g  the  eduction  pipe. 

The  inventor  says :  1st.  Though  I  do  not  claim  to  be  the  first  inven¬ 
tor  of  rotating  tubular  valves  for  the  induction  and  eduction  of  the 
steam,  I  claim  the  rotary  tubular  valve  having  openings  and  cavities, 
arranged  substantially  as  described,  to  communicate  with  the  induction, 
and  with  one,  two,  or  more  openings  or  ports  a  leading  to  one  end,  and 
a  corresponding  number  of  ports  a1  leading  to  the  opposite  end  of  one, 
two,  or  more  cylinders,  whereby  the  same  valve  is  enabled  to  control 
the  induction  and  eduction  of  steam  to  both  ends  of  one,  two,  or  more 
cylinders.  / 

2d-  I  claim  the  variable  cut-off,  consisting  of  two  segments  of  cylin¬ 
ders  o  and  o1,  and  plates  p  p1,  applied  within  the  tubular  valve,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described. 

3d.  I  claim  arranging  the  valve-casing  and  the  tubular  valve  with 
the  axis  of  the  valve  in  line  with  the  cylinder  or  cylinders,  as  described, 
so  as  to  bring  the  valve  into  an  equally  convenient  position  relatively  to 
two  or  more  cylinders,  and  enable  the  length  of  the  passages  leading 
from  it  to  the  cylinders  to  be  reduced  to  the  greatest  possible  degree. 


VI.— STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


581 


No.  12,729. — JohnB.  Schenck. — Improvements  in  Cut-off  Valve-Gear. — 

Patented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  128.) 

Cam  B  is  firmly  secured  to  crank-shaft  A  ;  cam  B1  is  movable  upon 
shaft  A  ;  both  cams  have  grooves  a  precisely  similar.  Cam  Bl  operates 
the  cut-off  valves,  b  b 1  are  loose  sleeves  upon  a  fixed  shaft  C.  The 
ends  of  arms  c  and  e1  are  connected  by  a  lever  /,  to  which  is  attached 
valve-rod  g.  Figs.  3  illustrate  the  operation  of  these  parts.  The  time 
of  cutting  off  the  steam  can  be  varied  by  moving  cam  B1  on  the  shaft, 
so  that  it  may  act  sooner  or  later  after  cam  B  ;  worm-wheel  j  is  cast 
with  the  cam  B1 ;  the  endless  screw  Jc  is  supported  in  bearings  1 1  at¬ 
tached  to  cam  B,  and  gears  with  the  worm-wheel  j  ;  the  screw  carries 
a  bevel-wheel  m,  which  gears  with  bevel-wheel  n  on  arbor  £  of  a  finger- 
wheel  o,  said  arbor  turning  freely  in  a  bearing  near  the  periphery  of 
the  cam.  This  finger-wheel  in  revolving  with  the  cam  passes  during 
every  revolution  between  two  pins  g  and  pL  attached  to  an  arm  q , 
which  rocks  on  a  stationary  fixed  pivot  r.  This  arm  is  connected  by 
rod  s  with  a  governor.  While  the  engine  is  going  at  the  proper  speed, 
the  governor  holds  the  arm  in  such  a  position  that  the  finger- wheel 
passes  between  the  pins  p  and  pl  wfithout  touching  them,  and  therefore 
the  relative  positions  of  the  cams  are  not  changed ;  but  if  the  engine 
goes  too  fast  or  too  slow,  it  draws  the  arm  in  such  a  direction  that  one 
of  the  pins  will  be  struck  by  the  fingers  of  the  wheel  and  move  the 
wheel,  bevel-gear,  screw,  and  worm-wheel  in  the  proper  direction  to 
either  advance  or  retard  cam  B1,  and  thus  cause  it  to  act  sooner  or 
later  after  cam  B,  and  thereby  cut  off  earlier  or  later.  In  order  that 
the  tendency  to  increase  the  speed  of  the  engine  may  not  cause 
the  cam  B1  to  be  moved  farther  back  than  is  necessary  to  allow  the 
valve  to  remain  open  full  stroke,  the  bevel-gear  n  is  not  secured  fixedly  to 
the  arbor  of  wTheel  o,  but  is  only  attached  by  means  of  two  spring-pawls 
t  t1  and  ratchet  teeth  u  u1.  Pawl  t  is  made  with  a  tail  w,  which,  when 
cam  B1  is  moved  back  as  far  as  desirable,  comes  in  contact  with  a 
stud  v  secured  to  cam  B1,  thereby  disengaging  the  pawl  from  the  tooth, 
so  as  to  allow  the  finger-wheel  and  arbor  to  rotate  without  the  bevel- 
wheel. 

The  inventor  says  :  1  do  not  of  themselves  claim  the  employment  of 
two  cams  or  eccentrics  applied  to  a  single  slide-valve,  the  one  to  open 
the  steam  ports,  and  the  other  to  close  them  to  cut  off  the  steam ;  neither 
do  I  claim  making  one  of  the  said  cams  or  eccentrics  movable  for  the 
purpose  of  var}7ing  the  cut-off. 

But  I  claim:  1st.  Connecting  the  slide-valve  with  a  lever  /,  wrhich  is 
also  connected  at  different  points  with  two  arms  e  e1  of  unequal  length, 
working  side  by  side,  and  receiving  motion  substantially  as  herein  de¬ 
scribed  from  separate  cams  on  the  crank-shaft  of  the  engine,  or  some 
other  shaft  having  a  corresponding  motion  therewith,  the  whole  opera¬ 
ting  to  give  the  valve  a  double  movement,  as  herein  set  forth. 

2d.  Effecting  the  connexion  between  the  finger-wheel  o  and  the  bevel- 
wheel  n,  or  its  equivalent,  through  which  the  said  finger-wheel  trans¬ 
mits  the  movements  of  the  governor  to  the  cut-off  cam  B1,  by  means  of 
pawls  t  t  acting  upon  ratchet- teeth  u  ;  and  providing  a  stud  or  stop  v  on 


582 


VI. — STEAM  ADN  GAS  ENGINES. 


the  opposite  cam  to  that  which  carries  the  finger-wheel,  for  the  purpose, 
when  the  cut-off  cam  arrives  in  position  to  give  full  steam  for  the  whole 
stroke  of  the  piston,  of  Iterating  the  pawl  by  which  the  motion  is 
transmitted  in  the  direction  for  retarding  the  operation  of  the  cut-ofl 
cam,  and  thereby  rendering  it  inoperative,  substantially  as  herein 
described. 


No.  12,873. — John  A.  Reed. — Improvement  in  Steam-Engine  Valves. — 

Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  128.) 

One  face  a 2  of  the  valves,  when  removed  from  its  seat,  forms  the 
ccmmunication  between  the  cylinder  and  the  exhaust  passaged;  the 
other  face  a1,  when  withdrawn  from  its  seat,  forms  the  communication 
with  the  steam  passage  r. 

Claim. — Bevelling  the  edges  of  the  cylindrical  valve  z,  or  its  equiva¬ 
lent,  and  bevelling  the  edges  of  the  steam-ports  5  t,  whereby  I  am  en¬ 
abled  to  move  the  valves  within  the  ports ;  the  bevelled  edges  of  the 
ports  thus  being  valve-seats,  and  the  bevelled  edges  of  the  valves  being 
faces  to  fit  thereto,  as  herein  set  forth. 


No.  12,904. — Marcus  D.  Du  Bois. — Improvements  in  Valve- Gear  for 

Oscillating  Engines . — Patented  May  22,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  128.) 

The  rock-shaft  E  passes  transversely  through  the  steam-chest,  which, 
by  means  of  a  toothed  segment  F  and  rack,  operates  the  valve  ;  outside 
the  steam-chest  it  carries  the  three-armed  lever  c  d  dl,  so  arranged 
that  the  continuation  of  the  central  line  of  arms  c  bisects  the  angle 
formed  by  d  and  dl.  It  also  carries  another  three-armed  lever  e  f  Jl, 
arranged  as  shown  in  the  figures.  The  stud  g  projects  from  a  sliding 
piece  H,  which  slides  in  ways  on  standard  G.  The  cylinder  A  oscil¬ 
lates  on  trunnions  T.  Suppose  the  piston  to  be  moving  in  the  direction 
of  the  arrow,  but  the  engine  to  be  on  the  centre  and  about  to  take  steam 
at  the  left-hand  end  of  the  cylinder,  the  arm  c  is  then  in  the  position  of 
figure  3  on  the  right-hand  side  of  stud  g,  and  the  oscillation  of  the  cyl¬ 
inder  causes  the  arm  c  to  turn  the  shaft  E  and  segment,  and  move  the 
valve  to  open  port  a.  The  arm  c  then  passes  over  the  stud.  As  the 
cylinder  terminates  its  oscillation,  the  arm  f  is  caught  by  the  spring- 
catch  h,  so  that,  as  the  cylinder  returns  towards  a  central  position,  the 
catch  acts  upon  /  to  move  the  valve  to  close  the  ports,  after  which  the 
arm /  works  clear  of  the  catch.  Figure  2  represents  the  ports  just 
closed,  and  the  arm / just  leaving  the  catch.  The  engine  is  now  nearly  on 
its  centre,  and  arm  c  is  just  coming  into  contact  with  the  left-hand  side 
of  stud  g  to  move  the  valve  to  open  port  a1.  When  the  valve  has  a 
short  stroke,  and  the  valve  is  not  moved  far  enough  by  stud  g  to  bring 
arm  f  or  fl  in  position  to  be  caught  by  h  or  A1,  the  catching  will  be 
insured  by  the  arm  d  or  dl  on  the  same  side,  striking  against  i  or  il  and 
throwing  the  arm  over  the  catch.  The  length  of  stroke  can  be  varied 
by  raising  or  lowering  sliding-pieces  H  and  stud  g. 

Claim. — 1st.  Furnishing  the  rock-shaft  E,  by  which  motion  is  to  be 
given  to  the  valve,  or  valves,  with  three  arms  c  f  f1,  arranged  substan- 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


583 


tiallv  as  described,  so  that  the  arm  c  will  be  brought,  by  the  oscillation 
of  the  cylinder,  into  contact  with  a  fixed  stud  g,  and  thereby  be  caused 
to  give  a  movement  to  the  valve  to  open  the  ports,  and  that  the  arms  f 
f1  will  alternately  be  brought,  by  the  same  means,  into  contact  with 
fixed  spring-catches  A  A1,  for  the  purpose  of  giving  the  valve  a  move¬ 
ment  to  close  the  ports,  as  herein  fully  set  forth. 

2d.  Furnishing  the  rock-shaft  with  two  arms  d  d1,  arranged  substan¬ 
tially  as  described,  to  strike  two  fixed  pieces  i  i1,  when  necessary  to 
throw  the  arms  //1  into  a  position  to  be  caught  by  the  spring-catches 
A  A1,  for  the  purpose  of  moving  the  valve  to  close  the  ports. 


No.  12,966. — David  Stoddart. — Improvement  in  Cut-Off  Valves. — 

Patented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  128.) 

The  steam  connexion  from  the  boiler  to  the  engine  being  opened,  the 
main  piston  commences  its  stroke,  and  continues  till  it  passes  the  hole 
O  midway  in  the  cylinder  connecting  to  the  space  under  P ;  then  the 
steam  behind  the  piston  rushes  through  the  connecting-pipe,  and,  acting 
on  disk  P,  closes  the  valve,  while  the  main  piston  continues  to  the  end  of 
the  stroke;  the  steam  behind  it,  and  also  under  P,  by  reason  of  ex¬ 
pansion,  being  gradually  reduced  to  nearly  one-half  its  initial  pressure. 
But  if  the  area  of  P  is  sufficiently  large,  the  reduced  pressure  will  still 
hold  the  valve  shut  until  the  engine  exhausts,  when  the  steam  under  P 
will  rush  back  again  to  the  cylinder,  leaving  unbalanced  the  pressure  of 
steam  above  the  cut-off  valve  exerted  on  its  face  ;  and  hence  the  cut-off 
valve  opens  to  give  the  engine  steam  for  the  return  stroke,  when  the  like 
operation  is  again  performed.  X  represents  part  of  the  cylinder. 

Claim. — So  arranging  the  disk  P,  connected  with  the  cut-off  valve, 
and  in  relation  to  the  space  below  P,  connecting  it  by  a  passage  to  the 
cylinder,  that  the  cut-off  valve  will  be  operated  by  steam  from  the  cyl¬ 
inder,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,128.-— Chas.  S.  Harris. — Balance-  Valve. — Patented  June  26, 

1855.  (Plates,  p.  128.) 

Claim. — The  combination  of  two  valve-surfaces  C  C  acting  on  the 
two  feather-edged  valve -seats  E  E,  one  inside  and  the  other  outside 
the  casing  or  box,  in  such  a  manner  that  the  pressure  in  one  direction 
on  one  is  compensated  by  an  equal  pressure  in  an  opposite  direction 
on  the  other,  so  that  the  valve  will  remain  in  a  state  of  rest  without 
being  affected  by  any  pressure,  whether  on  the  inside  or  outside  of  the 
casing  or  box. 


No.  13,276.— Jno.  B.  Stott  and  Alexr.  Ferguson. — Improvement  in 
Cross-head  Attachment  for  Working  Steam-Engine  Valves.  Patented 
July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  128.) 

When  the  inclined  end  of  bar  X  reaches  the  cam  M1,  it  presses  the 
latter  aside,  moving  arm  K,  shaft  J,  lever  H,  and  valve-rod  G,  a  little 
from  right  to  left,  and  operating  the  valve  so  as  to  close  the  steam- 


584 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


passage.  The  continued  expansion  of  steam  moves  the  piston  on  until 
the  edge  of  T  touches  M1,  which  it  moves  a  little  further  back,  and 
thereby  gives  the  valve  a  further  motion,  slightly  opening  the  steam- 
passage.  At  the  same  time  that  the  vertical  face  of  M1  presses  against 
the  face  of  T,  the  projecting  lip  overlying  the  upper  oblique  surface  of 
T  slides  over  it,  raising  M1  vertically  against  its  spiral  spring  until  it 
reaches  the  recess  V,  when  it  drops  into  it  just  at  the  close  of  the  pis¬ 
ton-stroke.  The  operation  of  the  parts  is  similar  during  the  backward 
stroke  of  the  piston. 

The  two  plates  T  are  connected  by  a  right  and  left  handed  screw, 
which  can  be  operated  by  thumb-screw  Y,  thereby  bringing  the  two 
plates  nearer  together  or  further  apart,  and  thus  regulating  the  time  for 
cutting  off  steam. 

Claim . — The  method  of  operating  the  valves  of  steam-cylinders  by 
the  process  described,  to  wit :  By  a  series  of  trips  attached  to  and 
sliding  with  the  cross-head  of  the  piston,  which  trips  operate  in  suc¬ 
cession  upon  the  arms  of  a  vibrating  shaft,  connected  with  the  valve- 
rod  through  cams  fixed  near  the  ends  of  the  arms :  the  trips  themselves 
consisting  of  a  variable  and  adjustable  one  to  move  the  valves  so  as  to 
cut  off  the  steam  before  the  end  of  the  piston’s  stroke,  leaving  the 
eduction  passage  slightly  open;  a  second  to  shift  the  valves  a  little 
iurther,  at  the  end  of  the  stroke,  so  as  to  take  steam  for  the  new  stroke 
and  open  wider  the  eduction  passage ;  and  a  third  to  shift  the  valves 
so  as  to  open  the  induction  and  eduction  passages  to  their  fullest  ex¬ 
tent.  The  two  first  movements  of  the  valve  being  made  by  the 
movement  of  the  cross-head  in  one  direction,  and  the  other  by  the  re¬ 
verse  movement  thereof,  the  last  operation  being  produced  by  the  joint 
action  of  the  spring-cam  on  the  arm  K  and  the  recessed  trip  V,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,328. — Charles  A.  Wilson. — Imj)roveme?it  in  Oscillating  Valves 
and  Gearing  for  Pumping-  Engines. — Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  129.) 

Y  is  a  cushion  piston ;  M  M,  hollow  spaces  filled  with  steam  and 
forming  a  jacket  for  the  valve;  L,  exhaust-pipe;  J,  cylindrical  steam- 
cbamber,  with  opening  a  a  into  the  steam-pipe ;  m,  two  valve-ports 
opposite  each  other,  both  of  the  same  size  and  shape  as  the  equal  ports 
H3,  H4,  F3,  and  F4  in  the  valve-seat,  and  one-half  the  area  of  H  and  F, 
IP2  and  F2,  in  the  bottom  of  the  seat;  K,  exhaust  space;  c  c,  two  lugs 
on  the  end  of  the  valve  extending  near  the  front  or  right-hand  side  of 
trip-lever  Q,  embracing  tightly  the  safety-arm  O,  and  so  regulated  as 
to  admit  the  necessary  play  of  the  trip -lever,  which,  striking  against 
them  alternately  in  its  descent,  opens  the  valve-ports  by  turning  the 
oscillating  valve ;  figure  2,  underside  view  of  the  valve-tripping  appa¬ 
ratus;  r  r,  set-screws  in  L2  L2  for  regulating  nicely  the  time  when  the 
cams  begin  to  act  on  the  safety-arm,  for  the  purpose  of  cutting  off  the 
steam  at  any  desirable  period  before  the  trip-lever  in  its  returning 
motion,  passing  the  vertical  plane  through  its  axis,  falls  and  knocks 
open  the  valve-ports  for  the  opposite  end  of  the  cylinder. 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


585 


The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  producing  an  equilibrium  of 
pressure  on  the  interior  surface  of  the  oscillating  valve:  that  has  been 
more  or.  less  perfectly  accomplished  by  many  before  me,  and  probably 
by  that  of  Mr.  Wright,  of  Rome,  New  York,  and  by  Bloomfield’s  patents 
of  A.  D.  1854.  But  I  have,  as  I  believe,  effected  what  has  never  before 
been  accomplished  in  balancing  all  pressures,  both  interior  and  exterior, 
on  the  oscillating  valve,  arising  from  steam  at  the  boiler  tension,  expand¬ 
ing  or  exhausting ;  while  at  the  same  time  I  have  relieved  it  from  all 
weight  of  working-gear,  so  that  it  has  nothing  to  impede  its  motion  or 
cause  wear  in  its  chamber,  except  the  friction  developed  by  the  pres¬ 
sure  required  on  N,  figure  4,  to  produce  a  steam-tight  joint  and  its  own 
weight. 

I  claim:  1st.  Balancing  oscillating  valves  under  all  lateral  pressures 
cm  the  exterior  arising  from  steam  or  air,  and  regulating  the  exhaust- 
ports  as  described. 

2d.  Balancing  the  end  pressure  in  the  interior,  caused  by  steam  in 
conical  valves  V,  by  the  annular  recesses  b  b,  equal  and  opposite  to  a  a , 
and  the  balance-piston  N,  or  steam- valve  on  a  bevelled  seat,  as  de¬ 
scribed. 

3d.  Supporting  the  tripping  apparatus,  consisting  pf  the  angle  R, 
trip-lever  B,  toggle-joint  T,  and  upper  lever  S,  or  their  equivalents,  so 
as  to  relieve  the  valve  from  all  weight,  and  consequent  friction  and 
wear,  as  described. 

4th.  Using  the  safety-arm  O  to  insure  and  regulate  the  cut-off,  and 
the  cam-jogs  L2  L2  of  depth  regulated  by  cutting  set-screws  r,  or  other 
equivalent  devices  for  operating  the  same,  as  set  forth. 

5th.  Using  the  independent  rod  A  B  attached  to  the  piston  of  the 
steam-cylinder  for  working  the  valve-gear,  whereby,  bringing  the  steam- 
cylinder  and  pump  close  to  each  other,  space  is  economized  while 
power  is  gained,  as  has  been  described. 


No.  13,359. — Frederick  Perry. — Improvement  in  Cut-off  Valves  for 

Steam-Engines. — Patented  July  31,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  130.) 

This  valve  is  pressed  to  its  seat  by  the  steam.  B  is  the  main  valve  ; 
C  C  the  detached  cut-off  valves,  having  double  ports  to  match  those  in 
the  main  valve  and  stops  b;  D  D  are  the  expansion  and  contraction 
plates  for  graduating  the  movement  of  the  cut-off  valves,  and  have 
stops  c  to  match  those  on  the  cut-off  valve ;  they  are  connected  with 
suitable  links  J  to  the  eccentric  wheels  g  attached  to  the  shaft  k  ;  a  a 
are  two  small  sunk  channels  in  the  top  face  of  the  main  valve,  over 
which  channels  the  cut-off  valves  are  placed,  constantly  covering 
them.  The  valves  sliding  over  the  channels  are  regulated  by  their 
stops  b  striking  the  stops  c  on  the  expansion  plates  in  their  inward  mo¬ 
tion,  and  the  stops  d  on  the  ends  of  the  grooved  guide  f  As  these  stops 
d  are  stationary,  the  cut-off  valves  move  outward  the  same  distance  in 
every  direction,  e  e  are  the  grooves  in  the  guide  f  for  guiding  the  ex¬ 
pansion-plates  in  their  inward  and  outward  motions  in  presenting  their 
stops  c  c  to  determine  the  amount  of  cutting  off  the  steam.  The  axle 
h  is  worked  from  the  governor.  The  channels  a  a  should  be  no  larger 


586 


I 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 

than  will  secure  the  cut-off  valves  from  slipping,  as  too  large  channels 
would  cause  too  much  pressure  on  the  said  valves. 

JL 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  channels  a  a  and  holes  p  p ,  with 
the  cut-off  valves  D  D  and  exhaust  recess  O,  as  described,  or  their 
equivalents,  for  the  purposes  herein  set  forth,  or  any  other  purpose  for 
which  they  are  suitable,  merely  modifying  the  parts  to  suit  circum¬ 
stances,  while  the  principles  involved  are  the  same. 


No.  13,369. — Norman  W.  Wheeler. — Method  of  Operating;  Steam- 

Valves. — Patented  July  31,  1855  ;  antedated  March  1, 1855.  (Plates, 

p.  130.) 

The  parts  being  in  the  position  represented  in  the  drawing,  steam  is 
admitted  into  the  cylinder  to  the  left  of  piston  B  in  gl  and  between 
the  pistons  K  K.  When  B  passes  over  and  beyond  port  g2,  the 
steam  passes  through  g2  into  C  D  between  the  two  pistons  of  unequal 
areas  K  H,  which  will  move  all  the  pistons  towards  the  left  by  virtue 
of  the  greater  area  of  H  than  that  of  K.  This  movement  will  continue 
after  K  shall  have  passed  over  and  closed  g2,  and  cut  off  the  flow  from 
cylinder  a  by  virtue  of  the  expansion  of  the  steam  already  contained 
between  H  and  K,  until  H  (to  the  left  of  K)  shall  have  passed  the  ex¬ 
haust-passage  r,  and  the  steam  is  released  through  r  into  f  This 
movement  will  have  changed  the  positions  of  the  pistons  H  H  at  the 
ends  of  valve-rod  t,  so  that  the  induction  and  exhaustion  into  and 
out  of  the  cylinder  a  is  reversed,  and  g2  is  brought  between  pistons  at 
equal  areas,  so  that  the  valves  remain  at  rest  until  B  has  completed  its 
return-stroke  and  brought  g1  from  the  exhaust  to  the  steam-side  of  the 
piston  B.  These  movements  being  repeated,  secure  a  reciprocating 
motion  of  B. 

The  inventor  says:  I  am  aware  that  valves  of  steam-engines  have 
been  actuated  by  steam-pressure,  applied  to  pistons  other  than  the 
main  working  pistons  in  the  “starting gear”  of  the  early  German  and 
English  river  and  marine  engines,  and  that  the  separate  and  individual 
parts  of  the  engine  are  old  and  well  known,  and  do  not  claim  them  ; 
neither  do  I  claim  closing  cut-off  valves  by  steam-pressure  released 
from  the  working  cylinder  through  a  passage  opening  into  said  cylinder 
near  the  desired  point  of  cutting  off. 

I  claim ,  first,  actuating  the  induction  and  eduction  valves  of  any 
double-acting  reciprocating  steam-engine  by  means  of  steam-pressure 
derived  from  the  working  cylinder,  and  released  therefrom  by  the  pass¬ 
age  of  the  working  piston  over  and  beyond  appropriate  ports,  when  the 
pistons,  or  their  equivalents,  upon  which  such  pressure  acts,  are  so  ar¬ 
ranged  that  no  movement  of  the  valves  shall  result  from  the  passage  of 
the  working  piston  over  the  first  of  two  or  more  such  ports  in  any  full 
stroke. 

I  claim  releasing  the  steam  contained  between  pistons  of  unequal 
areas  by  the  passage  of  the  larger  one  over  its  exhaust-port,  and  stop¬ 
ping  the  supply  between  the  same  pistons  by  the  passage  of  the  smaller 
one  over  its  induction-port,  substantially  as  described. 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES.  587 

No.  13,498. — E.  G.  Russell. — Improved  Regulating- Valve  for  Steam- 

Engines. — Patented  August  28,  1855. 

The  shoulder  j  forms  a  stop  when  it  comes  in  contact  with  the  valve- 
seat  a,  and  it  is  bevelled  at  e  where  the  slot  d  terminates,  so  as  to 
leave  a  small  portion  of  the  slot  uncovered  when  the  shoulder  is  up  to 
the  seat,  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  the  steam  from  being  shut  off 
entirely. 

The  inventor  says  :  When  steam  is  first  admitted  at  b,  as  it  rushes 
upon  the  valve  it  drives  the  valve  along  until  the  shoulder  /  is  up  to  the 
seat,  and  then  holds  it,  until,  by  the  passage  of  steam  through  the  small 
opening  at  e,  the  chamber  C  is  filled  with  steam,  and,  on  equilibrium 
being  restored,  the  valve  is  forced  open  by  spring  g.  In  consequence 
of  the  free  egress  of  steam  from  the  chamber  C,  (when  the  engine  is  in 
operation,)  the  pressure  of  the  steam  in  that  chamber  will  always  be 
less  than  it  is  in  the  inlet-chamber,  and  there  will  be  a  tendency  to 
close  the  valve,  but  that  is  prevented  by  spring  g ,  which  balances  the 
*  excess  of  pressure.  As  the  velocity  of  the  engine  increases,  the  quan¬ 
tity  exhausted  from  the  outlet-chamber  increases,  and  the  relative 
pressure  on  the  outlet  side  of  the  valve  is  diminished  ;  consequently 
the  valve  is  acted  upon  by  the  steam-pressure  in  the  inlet-chamber, 
and  the  opening  of  the  slot  is  contracted. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  to  be  the  first  inventor  of  a  re¬ 
gulating-valve,  the  area  of  whose  opening  is  increased  or  diminished 
by  any  tendency  to  increased  or  diminished  velocity. 

Bui  I  claim  the  hollow  cylindrical  valve  D,  open  at  one  end  and 
closed  at  the  other,  fitted  in  a  cylindrical  seat,  with  its  closed  end 
on  the  inlet  side  of  the  said  seat,  and  provided  with  a  slot  at  one 
side  near  the  closed  end,  to  allow  the  steam  to  pass  through  its  in¬ 
terior,  and  having  a  spring  applied,  to  balance  the  excess  of  pressure 
on  the  inlet  side,  and  to  give  a  tendency  to  open  the  valve,  the 
whole  operating  as  described. 


No.  13,527. — Philip  W.  McKenzie. — Improvement  in  Valves  for 
Regulating  Steam-Engines. — Patented  September  4,  1855.  (Plateg, 
p.  130.) 

A  is  the  steam-pipe,  down  which  the  steam  passes  from  the  boiler  to 
the  cylinder.  When  the  stroke  of  the  engine-piston  first  commences, 
tire  current  of  steam  through  pipe  A,  taking  the  direction  of  the  arrows, 
is  slow,  and  insufficient  to  overcome  spring  P  and  move  the  cut-off 
valve.  By  the  time  the  piston  has  attained  the  desired  speed,  its 
force  is  sufficient  to  drive  the  valve  down  to  the  bottom  of  channel  H, 
and  shut  off  the  steam.  When  the  valve  has  reached  this  position,  the 
pressure  of  the  steam,  acting  on  a  surface  equal  to  the  area  of  its 
bottom  face,  will  keep  it  closed  until  the  induction-valve  covers  the 
port  of  the  engine.  The  adjustable  stop  p 2,  below  the  lifting-plate  K, 
prevents  the  cut-off  valve  from  coming  close  down  on  its  seat  H. 
When  the  induction-valve  covers  the  port  of  the  engine,  sufficient  steam 
is  allowed  to  pass  through  the  slight  opening  between  the  cut-off  valve 


588 


VI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


and  its  seat,  to  start  the  cut-off  valve,  and  the  valve  will  immediately 
be  opened  full  by  the  spring  P,  to  admit  steam  for  the  next  stroke  of 
the  piston.  The  governor  may  be  so  connected  with  rod  S  as  to 
lower  it  as  the  speed  increases,  together  with  the  spring-bearing  v 
attached  to  the  end  of  rod  S,  whereby  the  spring  will  be  weakened, 
and  vice  versa.  The  too  rapid  opening  of  the  cut-off  valve  is  prevented 
by  the  cushioning  of  the  steam  in  cylinder  E,  which  cushioning  is  pro¬ 
duced  by  valve  d  closing  opening  e,  and  causing  the  steam  to  escape 
only  at  j  by  the  adjustable  valve  k. 

I  claim  :  1st.  The  construction  and  arrangement  of  the  cut-off  valve 
I,  and  its  seat  H  m  I,  and  the  disk  k,  and  the  application  to  the  said 
valve  of  a  variable  spring  P,  or  their  equivalents,  whereby  the  valve 
is  made  to  cut  oft"  the  supply  of  steam  by  the  action  of  the  current  of 
steam  in  the  passage  from  the  boiler  to  the  engine,  when  it  has  attained 
the  desired  speed. 

2d.  The  employment,  in  connection  with  the  cut-off  valve,  of  the  pis¬ 
ton  I  working  in  the  cylinder  E,  which  is  provided  with  a  valve  d  and  . 
adjustable  valve  k ,  to  prevent  the  too  sudden  opening  of  the  said  valve, 
the  said  piston,  cylinders,  and  valves  operating  as  set  forth. 

3d.  Providing  for  the  opening  of  the  cut-off  valve  by  means  of  the 
spring  P,  as  soon  as  the  slide  or  other  induction-valve  covers  the  port 
of  the  cylinder,  by  the  employment  of  a  stop^?2,  to  prevent  the  entire 
closing  of  the  said  valves. 


No.  13,637. — Henry  E.  Canfield. — Improvement  in  Cut-off  Valves  for 

Oscillating  Engines. — Patented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  130.) 

B  is  the  valve  box;  G,  pipe  leading  to  the  boiler;  F,  exhaust  pipe 
communicating  with  the  space  enclosed  by  partition  D.  When  tire 
piston  is  at  the  end  of  its  stroke,  (see  fig.  1,)  the  partition  D  will  cover 
both  of  the  steam  ports  EE.  In  fig.  2  the  piston  is  represented  at  half 
stroke.  The  loose  valves  C1  C2  alternately  cover  the  steam  ports  ; 
and  by  adjusting  the  set  screws  H1  H2  so  as  to  increase  or  diminish 
the  distance  travelled  by  the  loose  valves,  the  steam  can  be  cut  off  at  any 
part  of  the  stroke. 

Claim . — The  arrangement  in  oscillating  engines  of  separate  loose 
valves,  moving  independent  of  each  other,  when  the  motion  is  given 
them  by  the  oscillation  of  the  cylinder,  for  the  purpose  of  cutting  off 
the  steam  at  such  part  of  the  stroke  as  may  be  desired,  substantially 
as  shown  and  described. 


No.  13,889. — John  Tremper. — Improved  Means  of  Connexion  between 

Regulator-  Valve  and  Governor's  Stem. — Patented  December  4,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  130.) 

A,  throttle-valve  stem  ;  C,  governor-valve  stem.  The  position  where 
the  governor  and  valve  are  disconnected  is  represented  by  dotted 
lines. 

Claim. — Effecting  the  connexion  between  the  throttle- valve  cut-off, 
or  other  regulator-valve,  and  the  governor-stem,  by  means  of  a  pin  d , 


YI. — STEAM  AND  GAS  ENGINES. 


589 


working  within  a  slot  a  or  against  a  bearing  face,  the  said  slot  or  hear¬ 
ing  face  having  an  escape  opening  b,  opposite  to  which  the  pin  d  is 
brought  by  the  cessation  of  the  operation  of  the  governor,  whereby  the 
pin  is  allowed  to  escape  from  the  said  slot  or  bearing  face,  and  thereby 
effect  the  disconnexion  of  the  governor  from  the  valve  or  cut-off  instan¬ 
taneously,  to  allow  the  valve  to  be  closed  by  a  spring  or  weight  pro¬ 
vided  for  the  purpose,  to  stop  the  engine  immediately  after  the  gov¬ 
ernor  ceases  to  operate  the  said  pin  d,  being  attached  to  the  governor 
rod,  and  the  said  slot  or  bearing  face  a  and  escape  opening  b  being  in 
or  upon  the  lever  of  the  throttle  valve  or  cut-off,  or,  what  is  equivalent, 
the  pin  being  attached  to  the  said  lever,  and  the  slot  or  bearing  face 
and  escape  openings  being  in  the  connecting-rod  of  the  governor,  or  in 
a  plate  connected  therewith,  or,  what  is  equivalent,  by  a  toothed  rack 
and  segment,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,923. — E.  D.  Leavitt,  Jr. — Improvement  in  Slide-Valves  for 

Steam-Engines. — Patented  December  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  130.) 

Valve  A  is  made  tapering  in  a  transverse  direction,  (from  c  to  d ,)  as 
seen  in  fig.  3,  but  has  its  two  faces  parallel  in  a  longitudinal  direction, 
as  shown  in  fig.  1.  The  valve-seat  a  and  the  interior  face  of  cover  D 
of  the  steam-chest  S  are  tapered  laterally  to  correspond  with  the  taper¬ 
ed  faces  of  the  valve.  By  thus  tapering  the  valve,  one  side  c  is  made 
to  have  a  greater  area  than  the  other  side  d  ;  and  consequently  the  steam 
tends  to  force  the  valve  in  the  direction  of  the  arrow,  and  thus  keeps 
the  valve  tight  between  the  faces  a  b,  notwithstanding  any  wear.  In 
order  to  admit  of  the  necessary  lateral  movement  of  the  valve  to  com¬ 
pensate  for  the  wear,  the  valve-rod  B  is  fitted  to  a  slot  e,  which  is  made 
through  the  valve  and  plates  C  C,  which  are  fitted  snugly  to  the  rod, 
and  serve  as  guides  to  this  lateral  movement. 

Claim. — Making  the  valve  and  the  corresponding  parts  of  the  steam- 
chest,  between  which  it  works,  of  tapering  form  laterally,  and  fitting 
the  valve  to  its  rod  in  such  manner  as  to  be  capable  of  lateral  move¬ 
ment,  substantially  as  described,  whereby  the  valve  is  always  kept 
tight  between  the  seat  and  the  back  of  the  steam-chest  by  the  pressure 
of  the  steam,  and  the  wearing  of  the  rubbing-surfaces  is  always  com¬ 
pensated  for. 


590 


VII. — NAVIGATION. 


VII . — N  AVIGATION. 


No.  12,435. — Samuel  R.  Bryant. — Improved  Anchor-  Tripper . — Pat¬ 
ented  February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  131.) 

Having  dropped  the  small  end  of  supporter  B  into  step  c  and  with¬ 
in  openings  e  e ,  and  having  secured  the  pawl  C  and  hold-fast  D  to  the 
bed-frame  A,  it  may  be  bolted  to  the  cat-head,  or  wherever  required; 
B  is  then  moved  back  until  its  curved  corner  comes  flush  with  the  front 
of  frame  A,  and  the  chain-link  is  shoved  up  within  the  space  be¬ 
tween  the  guard  a  and  frame  B,  until  it  is  sufficiently  high  to  allow  the 
curved  end  g  of  supporter  B  to  be  again  moved  to  the  front,  and  with¬ 
in  the  link ;  the  pawl  C  is  then  moved  around  pin  f  until  it  arrives  di¬ 
rectly  in  the  rear  of  the  upper  end  of  supporter  B,  and  the  hold-fast  D 
is  dropped,  when  it  will  be  locked.  When  it  is  required  to  drop  the  an¬ 
chor,  the  hold-fast  D  is  lifted  and  the  pawl  C  shoved  to  one  side. 

Claim. — The  supporter  B,  the  pawl  C,  and  the  hold-fast  D,  as  ar¬ 
ranged  in  relation  to  the  guard  a,  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,622. — Richard  V.  Be  Guinon. — Improvement  in  Anchors. — 

Patented  April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  131.) 

The  flukes,  forming  a  concave  basin  of  large  area,  (suitable  for  sandy 
or  muddy  bottom,)  are  so  constructed  that  they  can  be  attached  to  the 
ordinary  anchor. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  fitting  an  anchor  so  as  to  hold  in 
mud  or  sand,  by  providing  either  large,  fixed,  or  movable  flukes  in 
themselves;  but  I  claim  the  method  described  of  fitting  a  pair  o) 
movable  flukes  g  to  a  suitable  anchor,  so  as  to  fit  it  to  hold  in  soft  or 
sandy  soil,  by  means  of  the  tie- rods  h,  thimble  2,  and  collar  1,  for  the 
purposes  as  specified. 


No.  13,847. — Peter  H.  Jackson. — Improvement  in  Cat-Head  Anchor- 

Stoppers. — Patented  November  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  131.) 

On  reference  to  figure  2  it  will  be  seen  that  the  ring  h  of  the  chain 
sets  into  a  fork  f  of  the  hasp  e,  within  the  vertical  line  from  the  centre 
of  fulcrum-pin  d ,  and  therefore  the  weight  of  the  chain  tends  to  keep 
the  end  of  the  hasp  e  in  notch  i,  without  any  strain  on  locking-piece 
6  ;  but,  when  the  same  is  drawn  aside  to  clear  the  lock  6  from  the  end 
of  hasp  e,  the  cam-piece  7  pushes  the  end  of  the  hasp  e  sufficiently  out 
of  notch  1  to  throw  the  weight  of  the  chain  to  the  other  side  of  the 
fulcrum-pin  d,  when  the  hasp  will  turn  down  and  the  chain-link  h  slide 
off. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  hasp  e  in  itself,  neither  do  I 
claim  retaining  the  upper  end  thereof  by  means  of  a  hook  or  locking- 
piece  ;  but  I  claim  the  combination  of  the  locking-piece  g  with  its  cam 


VII. — NAVIGATION. 


591 


7  combined  with  the  hasp  e,  so  that  said  cam-piece  7  forces  the  hasp  e 
out  of  the  notch  1,  as  said  locking- piece  g  is  turned  to  one  side,  and 
causes  the  ring  or  loop  over  the  hasp  e  to  be  thrown  off  or  disconnected, 
as  specified. 


No.  13,991 . — W illiam  H.  Me rrill. — Improvement  in  Hoisting-  Blochs. — 

Patented  December  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  131.) 

By  the  cap  protecting  the  upper  journal  or  pintle,  and  the  roll  the 
lower  pintle,  dirt  or  any  other  obstruction  is  prevented  from  getting 
into  the  bearings  and  clogging  the  roll. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  use  of  friction-rolls  upon  the 
cheeks  of  blocks,  lor  these  have  long  been  in  use ;  but  I  claim  the  roll, 
figure  2,  the  upper  rockets  or  cap,  figure  4,  and  the  lower  pintle  or 
step,  figure  3,  used  together,  for  the  purposes  and  in  the  manner  sub¬ 
stantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,380. — Henry  T.  Dexter. — Improvement  in  Wharf- Boats. — 

Patented  February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  131.) 

In  the  engraving  A  represents  the  turn-table,  (below  decks,)  and  B 
the  inclined  gangway  leading  down  to  it,  wide  enough  for  a  dray  to 
pass. 

Claim . — So  constructing  a  wharf-boat  that  a  turn-table  may  be 
conveniently  located  therein,  upon  which  a  dray  may  be  drawn  and 
turned  around,  and  so  that  freight  may  be  delivered  or  received  from 
any  part  of  the  boat  without  much  handling,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,315. — Edwin  B.  Larchar. — Improvement  in  making  Gutta-Per¬ 
cha  Boats. — Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  131.) 

Figure  1  represents  a  bottom  view  of  the  male  mould;  figure  2  the 
female  mould,  secured  together  by  clamp-screws  a;  figure  3,  sectional 
view  of  female  mould  ;  figure  4,  side  view  of  male  mould;  figure  5,  air- 
chamber,  with  the  under  part  of  slip-off;  figure  6,  said  under  part  of 
the  air-chamber,  to  be  attached  to  the  other  portion  of  the  chamber  (fig. 
5)  by  searing  the  edges  of  the  latter  with  a  hot  iron  before  the  whole  is 
pressed  in  its  place  on  the  boat. 

The  inventor  says:  I  disclaim  any  particular  form  of  boat,  air-cham¬ 
ber,  or  bulkhead,  or  any  cylindrical  or  other  supporters,  or  gunwales, 
or  to  the  mere  making  of  gutta-percha  vessels. 

I  claim  the  method  of  making  a  safety  boat  or  other  vessel  of  gutta¬ 
percha  mixed  with  glue,  so  that  the  air-chambers  or  other  parts,  if 
separately  formed,  may,  together  with  the  boat-body,  be  so  united  and 
completed  at  one  pressure,  that  if  the  braces,  knees,  thwarts,  supporters, 
or  other  accessories  to  the  boat  proper  are  solid,  the  w^hole,  with  the 
inner  and  outer  forms,  may  be  made  or  completed  together  at  one 
time  and  at  one  pressure,  substantially  in  the  manner  described. 


592 


VII. — NAVIGATION. 


No.  13,510. — Nathan  Thompson,  Jr. —  Improved  Collapsible  Boat * — 

Patented  August  28,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  131.) 

a,  is  the  kelson,  to  which,  by  means  of  hinges  a1,  are  secured  the 
triangular  flaps  or  bottom  pieces  b  b ;  at  each  end  of  the  kelson  are  hinged 
the  ends,  bow,  and  stern  of  the  sides  c  c,  which  may  be  constructed  of 
one  piece  of  flexible  or  elastic  material,  such  as  wood.  When  the 
flaps  are  turned  up,  the  sides  can  be  collapsed  and  all  the  component 
parts  of  the  boat — sides,  flaps,  and  kelson — will  lie  parallel  and  in 
contact  with  each  other.  The  hinges  at  the  sides  of  the  boat  have  a 
piece  of  flexible  water-proof  material  secured  to  them  as  shown  at  J1, 
in  order  to  make  the  joints  water-proof.  Figure  1  represents  the  boat 
when  open ;  figure  2  when  collapsed.  To  strengthen  the  boat,  swinging 
pieces  l  may  be  added,  which,  when  folded  up,  also  lie  parallel  wiLh 
the  kelson.  To  these  braces  pieces  m  are  hinged,  which  serve  as 
tli warts.  (See  figures  4,  5,  6.)  The  sides  are  connected  to  the  ends 
of  the  kelson  by  a  bolt /  (attached  to  the  sides)  and  an  elongated  ring  e 
(fast  to  the  kelson,)  to  accommodate  the  motion  of  the  jointed  ends  of 
the  sides  in  opening  or  collapsing  the  boat. 

I  claim:  1st.  The  combination  of  hinged  flaps  or  bottom  pieces  with 
elastic  or  flexible  sides,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 

2d.  The  combination  of  hinged  flaps  with  a  centre  kelson  and  flexible 
or  elastic  sides,  as  set  forth. 

3d.  1  claim  either  of  these  combinations  in  connection  with  water¬ 
proof  fabric  for  closing  and  securing  the  joints  between  the  several 
parts,  applied  substantially  as  specified. 

4th.  1  claim  a  hinged  swinging  brace,  in  combination  with  a  hinged 
thwart  thereto  attached. 

Lastly,  I  claim  the  sliding-joint  in  combination  with  the  bow  and 
stern  hinges,  whereby  the  effective  length  of  a  kelson  or  flaps  may  be 
altered  so  as  to  suit  the  exhausted  and  collapsed  states  of  the  boat. 


No.  12,703. — William  Thomas. — Improvement  in  Cabin  Chairs .■ — 

Patented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  131.) 

No  description  required. 

Claim. — Placing  the  seat  F  betwreen  a  frame  E,  which  is  attached 
by  pivots  e  e  to  the  body  of  the  chair;  the  seat  having  friction-rollers 
or  wheels  / /  attached  to  its  under  side,  which  work  upon  the  lower 
curved  portion  of  the  frame  E,  as  herein  shown  ;  whereby  the  frame 
and  body  of  the  chair  are  allowed  to  turn  or  be  inclined  in  accordance 
with  the  motions  of  the  vessel  and  the  seat  at  the  same  time,  always 
remaining  in  a  horizontal  position,  as  herein  described. 


No.  12,325. — Jesse  Reed. — Improvement  in  Cable- Stoppers. — Patented 
January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  132.) 

By  more  or  less  depressing  the  lever  H,  the  jaw  D  can  be  made  to 
press  more  or  less  heavily  upon  the  chain,  and  thus  retard  or  stop  its 
motion. 


VH.— NAVIGATION.  593 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  stopping  the  motion  of  a  chain- 
cable  by  subjecting  it  to  pressure  between  two  plane  surfaces. 

But  I  claim  the  described  arrangement  of  the  lever  H,  the  crank  G, 
and  the  upper  jaw  D,  whereby  the  latter  is  allowed  to  accommodate 
itself  to  the  varying  size  of  the  links,  and  the  operation  of  stopping  the 
chain  is  assisted  by  the  friction  of  the  chain  itself  upon  the  upper  jaw. 


No.  13,593. — James  Emerson. — Improvement  in  Pressure- Stoppers  for 

Chain  Cables. — Patented  September  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  132.) 

While  the  chain  is  wound  up,  the  jaw  B  may  be  raised  ;  but  while 
the  chain  is  being  let  out,  the  jaw  is  thrown  over  upon  the  bed-plate, 
as  shown  in  the  engravings.  If  it  is  desired  to  retard  the  motion  of 
the  chain,  the  upper  end  of  lever  E  is  turned  around,  by  hand,  in  the 
direction  indicated  by  the  arrow,  and  the  jaw  will  be  pressed  down 
upon  the  chain,  both  the  vertical  and  horizontal  links  being  subjected 
to  pressure;  and  if  it  is  desired  to  stop  the  chain  entirely,  the  lever  E 
is  still  further  depressed,  and  the  pawl  D  will  catch  against  the  upper 
sides  of  the  vertical  links. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  jaw  hinged  at  its  one  end,  and  having 
a  pawl  at  or  near  the  other,  with  the  bed-plate  for  operation  together, 
the  whole  being  constructed  substantially  as  specified. 


No.  13,760. — Charles  Perley. — Improvement  in  Chain-LocTcer  Pipes . 

■ — Patented  November  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  132.) 

c  is  a  circular  flanch  formed  around  opening  b ;  d  is  a  fianch  extend¬ 
ing  out  on  one  side  of  opening  b,  and  formed  with  a  groove  2,  for  allow¬ 
ing  the  chain  to  run  into  or  out  of  the  chain-locker,  g  is  a  cover  to 
exclude  rats,  and  to  prevent  the  entrance  of  water. 

The  inventor  says:  I  claim  the  locking  piece /,  constructed  substan¬ 
tially  as  specified,  and  applied  to  the  chain-locker  pipe,  in  the  manner 
and  for  the  purposes  set  forth;  and  in  combination  with  said  locking 
piece/  and  fianches  c  and  d,  I  claim  the  cover  g  for  the  purposes  and 
as  specified. 


No.  12,143.-— Farnham  Z.  Tucker . — Improvement  in  Life-Preserving 

Rafts.— Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  132.) 

A  series  of  hollow  metal  cylinders  A  are  connected  together  by 
transverse  bolts  a ;  at  each  end  of  the  cylinders  there  are  two  trans¬ 
verse  bars  d ,  one  on  the  upper  and  one  on  the  lower  surfaces  of  the 
cylinders,  and  e  are  bolts  which  pass  vertically  through  the  cylinders 
and  bars  d.  Bolts  a  and  e  pass  through  tubes  J  in  the  cylinders,  to 
prevent  leakage.  Ropes  h  serve  as  hold-fasts  for  passengers.  These 
cylinders  can  be  stowed  away  in  a  detached  form,  and  be  secured 
together  in  a  very  short  time  when  required. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  buoyant  cylinders  of  metal  or 
India-rubber,  either  made  in  sections  or  ol  one  chamber  throughout, 
38 


594 


VII. — NAVIGATION. 


have  been  used  as  life-preservers,  boats,  and  rafts,  and  I  therefore  do 
not  claim  constructing  a  raft  of  such  tubes. 

Bat  what  I  do  claim ,  as  of  my  invention,  and  desire  to  have  secured 
to  me  by  letters  patent,  is  the  manner  I  have  set  forth  of  connecting 
such  buoyant  cylinders,  by  passing  rods  through  tubes  at  right  angles, 
as  shown  in  the  drawing  by  letters  ff  a  and  e,  and  secured  by  nuts,  in 
connexion  with  the  straps  or  bands  d,  whereby  I  make  a  strong,  con¬ 
venient,  and  ever-ready  life-preserving  raft. 


No.  12,220. — Nathan  Thompson,  Jr.— Improvement  in  Life- Preserving 

Seats.— Patented  January  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  132.) 

The  legs  a  of  these  seats  when  serving  as  seats  are  retained  in  posi¬ 
tion  by  a  spring  g  ;  when  to  be  used  as  life-preservers  they  are  opened, 
(they  being  hinged  in  /,)  and  while  held  in  both  hands  passed  round 
the  body,  when  the  spring  will  hold  them  in  that  position.  These  life- 
preservers,  as  will  be  seen,  adapt  themselves  to  various  sized  persons. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  herein  hinged  or  adjustable  buoy- 
ants  attached  to  the  legs  of  a  seat,  as  the  buoyants  herein  described  are 
firmly  secured  to  the  legs  of  the  stool ;  neither  do  I  claim  a  divided  top 
life-preserver  in  combination  with  legs  arranged  in  such  manner  that 
one  half  of  said  top  may  be  in  front  and  the  other  half  in  the  rear  of 
the  person  using  it  as  a  life-preserver,  because  in  this  life-preserver  the 
whole  of  the  top  buoyant  is  on  the  same  side,  or  is  wholly  in  front  or  in 
the  rear  of  the  user.  Neither  do  I  claim  a  buoyant  seat  generally,  nor 
any  special  kind  of  buoyants,  nor  any  precise  method  of  construction, 
nor  any  specific  materials,  so  long  as  the  two  parts  of  a  seat  provided 
with  top  and  bottom  buoyants  are  separated,  and  then  connected  by 
means  of  a  hinge  and  a  spring,  as  herein  set  forth,  or  substantially  so. 
Neither  do  I  claim  a  special  kind  of  hinge  or  spring,  nor  do  I  limit  my¬ 
self  to  the  use  of  one  of  each  in  each  life-preserver,  as  two,  three,  or 
more  hinges  all  in  a  line,  or  numerous  springs  all  effecting  the  same 
purpose,  might  be  employed.  Neither  do  I  limit  myself  to  any  precise 
location  of  the  point  of  separation,  so  long  as  that  point  is  so  placed  that 
it  will  serve  the  herein  described  purposes. 

But  I  do  claim  the  adapting  or  accommodating  life-preserving  seat, 
whose  components  are  a  separated  buoyant  seat,  a  hinge,  and  a  spring, 
combined  with  each  other  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  substan¬ 
tially  as  are  herein  specified. 


No.  12,375. — Hiram  Berdan. — Improvement  in  Life-Boats.— Patented 

February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  132.) 

The  ribs  F  turn  on  vertical  pivots  b  c,  so  that  they  can  be  folded 
against  the  central  frame  A  B  D,  as  seen  in  fig.  3.  The  gunwale-bars 
E  are  hinged  at  a  to  the  ends  of  the  central  frame,  and  can  be  turned 
down  and  folded  against  said  frame.  When  to  be  ready  for  use,  the 
ribs  F  are  swung  outwards,  and  the  gunwale-bars  are  fitted  into 
notches  e  at  the  outer  ends  of  the  ribs,  and  an  India-rubber  cover  G  is 
drawn  over  the  whole  of  it. 


vn. — NAVIGATION.  595 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  of  themselves  either  the  hinged 
or  pivoted  ribs  or  the  hinged  gunwale-bars. 

But  I  claim  the  method  described  of  keeping  the  gunwale-bars  E  E 
in  place  when  the  boat  is  extended  for  service  by  means  of  the  notches 
e  e,  which  are  made  in  the  ribs  F  F  to  receive  the  said  gunwale-bars. 


No.  12,405. — Geo.  Blanchard. — Improvement  in  Life-Saving  Rafts . — 

Patented  February  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  132.) 

F1  are  the  floats,  and  F2  the  spaces  for  storing  provisions,  &c.  The 
levers  B  are  connected  to  the  bars  C,  and  these  bars  C  have  spring- 
catches  E  bolted  on  their  ends  ;  the  bars  and  springs  slide  in  cases  D. 
The  springs  escape  and  take  effect  on  the  edges  of  the  cases  D,  to  se¬ 
cure  the  raft  when  opened  at  the  desired  distance.  The  ends  of  the 
chains  F  aie  connected  to  bolts  A,  and  to  the  chains  are  connected 
perpendicular  bolts  G,  and  the  upper  ends  of  the  bolts  G  are  bolted 
to  the  central  joints  of  the  levers  B  ;  the  chains  F  and  bolts  G  serving 
to  form  additional  lifting  braces  or  supporters  to  the  connecting  levers 
B  when  the  passengers  are  on  the  raft.  There  are  also  additional  con¬ 
necting  chains  K,  which  are  made  fast  to  the  metallic  bolts  A,  and 
are  brought  to  bear  on  the  outside  of  the  floats  to  prevent  them  from 
spreading. 

Claim . — 1st.  The  arrangement  of  the  toggle  or  jointed  levers  B  in  re¬ 
lation  to  the  buoyant  cylinders  or  floats,  and  the  catches  or  locks  C 
D  E,  by  which,  when  let  fall,  the  raft,  by  its  own  weight,  is  extended 
and  locked,  and  made  entirely  ready  for  immediate  use,  as  set  forth. 

£d.  The  arrangement  of  the  braces  G  with  the  chains  F  and  K,  in 
connexion  with  the  floats  or  buoyant  cylinders  and  jointed  levers,  for 
the  better  sustaining  of  the  bed  formed  by  the  extended  levers,  and  for 
the  holding  of  the  parts  of  the  raft  together  in  a  sufficiently  firm  and  yet 
yielding  condition,  to  enable  the  raft  to  be  a  safe  and  well-sustained 
life-preserving  structure,  as  described. 


No.  12,450. — Jos.  Stevenson. — Bel  Boat  or  Life-Preserver, — Patented 

February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  132.) 

a  is  the  mattress ;  b  the  frame- work  which  forms  the  sides  of  the 
boat ;  c  the  part  which  forms  the  bulkhead  or  ends  of  the  boat  when 
in  use  on  ship-board;  these  parts  fold  underneath,  as  shown  in  fig.  1, 
the  bottom  of  the  berth  being  cut  out  to  admit  their  passing  through ; 
d  air-tube,  and  e  stop-cock  ;  /  India-rubber  cloth  apron,  intended,  when 
the  bed  is  converted  into  a  boat,  to  keep  out  the  water,  it  being  drawn 
up  and  fastened  to  the  knobs  g .  When  in  use  as  a  bed,  the  aprons 
may  be  spread  out  flat,  as  shown  in  fig.  2.  i  is  a  hollow  belt  of  India- 
rubber  cloth  covering  the  joint  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  two  sides. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  material  of  which  the  boat  is 
constructed,  nor  do  I  claim  a  flexible  or  folding  boat,  as  these  are  not 
new. 

But  I  claim  so  hinging  the  bulkheads  or  bows  to  a  flexible  boat  as 


596 


VII.— NAVIGATION. 


that  they  may  be  turned  down  out  of  the  way  for  stowage  in  the  bunks 
or  berths  of  a  vessel,  and  may  be  as  readily  drawn  up  and  laced,  so 
as  to  form  a  bow  substantially  as  described. 

I  also  claim,  in  combination  with  the  hinged  bulkheads  or  bows,  the 
apron  which  is  drawn  up  over  the  joint  of  the  two  bulkheads,  for  the 
purpose  of  preventing  any  water  from  entering  the  boat  through  said 
joints,  in  the  manner  described. 


No.  12,473. — John  Allen. — Improvements  in  Life-Boats . — Patented 

March  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  133.) 

By  turning  the  right  and  left  handed  screw  B  the  frame  can  readily 
be  extended  or  contracted  (see  figures  1  and  2).  The  water  acting 
upon  the  flexible  cover  of  the  frame  (reducing  and  enlarging  its  inner 
capacity)  makes  it  operate  like  a  bellows-pump,  so  as  to  draw  in  fresh 
air  and  discharge  air  from  within.  The  inside  of  this  boat  can  be 
reached  through  a  man-hole.  Weights  secured  to  the  bottom  rib 
will  keep  the  boat  right  side  up.  The  pipes  are  properly  provided 
with  valves. 

Claim . — 1st.  A  life-boat,  composed,  substantially  as  described,  of  a 
frame  and  a  flexible  covering,  and  provided  with  inlet  and  outlet  pipes 
and  valves,  so  that,  when  the  flexible  covering  is  closed  up  perfectly 
water-tight,  the  action  of  the  waves  on  the  said  flexible  covering,  and 
the  tossing  about  of  the  boat  on  the  water,  will  keep  up  a  constant 
pumping  action,  and  thereby  supply  fresh  air  to  and  discharge  vitiated 
air  from  the  interior. 

2d.  The  construction  of  the  frame,  substantially  as  set  forth,  of  the 
two  tubes  A  A,  and  right  and  left  handed  screw  B,  and  the  longi¬ 
tudinal  ribs  b  b,  all  combined  and  operating  as  described. 


No.  12,537.— -Edward  Lyon  Berthon. — Improvement  in  Folding  Life- 

Boats. — Patented  March  20,  1855 ;  patented  in  England,  June  12? 

1851.  (Plates,  p.  133.) 

I  and /  are  water-proof  canvass  covers ;  m  m  are  the  bottom  boards, 
hinged  in  the  middle.  The  nature  of  the  invention,  and  its  operation, 
wTill  be  understood  from  the  engravings,  without  further  description. 

In  figure  1,  part  of  the  covers,  wales,  and  bottom  boards  are  repre¬ 
sented  as  being  removed,  so  as  to  exhibit  other  parts. 

Claim. — Hinging  longitudinal  ribs  of  the  two  sides  to  the  stern  and 
the  stern-post,  in  such  manner  that  those  ribs  shall  be  capable  of  being 
folded  down,  and  shall  lie  parallel  with  the  keel  when  the  boat  is  col¬ 
lapsed,  as  described. 


No.  12,743. — J.  T.  Pheatt. — Improvement  in  Life-Preserving  Doors. — 
Patented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  133.) 

The  inflatable  bags  C  are  placed  on  the  panels  so  as  not  to  project 
beyond  the  faces  of  the  frame-work,  in  order  to  protect  them  better 


VII  —NAVIGATION. 


597 


against  accidental  injury.  Even  if  one  of  the  bags  should  be  rent,  the 
buoyancy  of  the  door  will  be  but  little  reduced,  and  a  horizontal  float¬ 
ing  level  of  the  door  may  be  maintained  by  omitting  to  inflate  the 
panel  and  compartment  diagonally  opposite  to  the  injured  compartment. 

Claim . — The  arrangement  herein  shown  and  described  of  the  inflata¬ 
ble  water-proof  coverings  or  bags  on  or  over  the  panels,  and  within  or 
below  the  face-level  of  the  surrounding  and  intermediate  frame-work 
of  the  panelled  door  or  partition,  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  12,184.- — C.  Looker. — Improvement  in  Folding  Life-Boats. — Pat¬ 
ented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  133.) 

The  central  frame  a  b  df  e  c  is  provided  with  supports  for  the  recep¬ 
tion  of  the  pivots  5  t  of  the  ribs  g.  These  ribs,  thus  pivoted  to  the 
central  frame,  are  connected  by  a  chain  i,  one  at  each  side  of  the  cen¬ 
tral  frame.  When  the  ends  j  of  the  chains  are  connected,  the  ribs 
stand  at  right-angles  to  the  frame,  as  sho\frn  in  the  lower  part  of  figure 
2,  which  represents  a  top  view  of  the  apparatus.  When  the  ends  ol 
the  chains  are  disconnected,  the  ribs  can  be  folded  over  one  another,  as 
represented  in  the  upper  half  of  figure  2.  The  ribs,  when  extended, 
serve  to  support  a  covering  of  water-proof  material,  so  as  to  form  a 
boat.  Figure  3  is  a  cross  section,  figure  4  a  side  view  of  one  of  the 
ribs,  and  figure  1  a  side  view  of  the  boat. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  hinging  or  pivoting  the  ribs  to 
the  keel,  or  to  a  central  frame,  so  as  to  be  folded  or  extended  at  plea¬ 
sure  ;  but  I  do  claim  connecting  the  folding-ribs  by  means  of  a  chain, 
or  chains,  being  applied,  substantially  as  described,  to  spread  all  the 
ribs  at  once,  and  when  spread,  to  serve  the  purpose  of  keeping  all  in 
place. 


No.  13,546. — George  K.  Hooper. — Life-  Preserving  Bed  for  Ships. — 

Patented  September  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  133.) 

B  B,  C  C,  are  metallic  air-tight  pontoons  ;  the  pontoons  B  B  are 
hinged  at  a  and  supported  at  their  inner  ends  by  springs  D,  so  as  to  give 
increased  elasticity  immediately  underneath  the  shoulder-blades  of  a 
person  reposing  upon  the  mattress  E.  A  is  a  wooden  frame. 

I  claim  my  improved  manufacture,  or  life-preserving  spring  pontoon 
bed,  as  made  of  a  wooden  frame  or  mattress,  a  series  of  pontoons,  and 
a  series  of  springs,  arranged  and  connected  together  substantially  as 
specified. 

And  I  also  claim  the  improvement  of  making  each  of  the  pontoons 
B  B  of  less  depth  at  its  inner  edge  than  it  is  at  its  outer  one,  or  that 
which  is  hinged  to  the  frame,  when  the  said  pontoon  is  of  such  size  as 
to  project  beneath  the  shoulder-blades  of  a  person  when  reposing  upon 
the  mattress  E,  the  object  of  so  constructing  said  portion  having  been 
heretofore  specified. 


598 


VII. — NAVIGATION. 


No.  13,771. — Peter  Van  Zile,  Searles  M.  Grtffin,  and  J.  War¬ 
ren  S.  Dey. — Sofa  Life-Boat. — Patented  November  6,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  133.) 

D  D  are  the  air-chambers,  and  C  C  the  tops  of  the  air-chambers, 
forming  seats.  The  engravings  represent  the  life-boat  as  open  (E 
being  the  hinge)  and  forming  two  sofas. 

The  inventors  say:  We  do  not  claim,  broadly,  making  a  life-pre¬ 
server  in  such  a  manner  that  it  may,  when  out  of  use  for  this  special 
purpose,  be  applied  to  other  useful  purposes,  either  with  or  without 
change  or  modification  ;  but  we  claim  the  structure  set  forth,  the  same 
consisting  of  two  buoyant  parts,  so  constructed  that,  when  separate, 
they  shall  each  form  a  settee  or  sofa,  and  when  united,  a  life-boat,  as 
set  forth. 


No.  13,994. — Adolphe  Pecoule. — Combined  Log  and  Sounding- Line. 

— Patented  December  25,“  1855.  (Plates,  p.  1 34.) 

The  pulley  i  is  fixed  at  the  vertex  of  the  buoy ;  the  line  l  l  passes 
between  said  pulley  and  spring  m  ;  the  length  of  line  between  the  buoy 
and  the  we'ght  is  to  be  increased  or  diminished  according  to  the  depth 
of  water  which  it  is  desired  to  sound.  While  the  buoy  remains  up¬ 
right,  as  it  will  be  caused  to  do  by  the  friction  of  the  line  against  spring 
m,  so  long  as  the  weight  hangs  on  the  line,  the  spring  allows  the  line 
to  slip  between  itself  and  the  pulley,  but  as  soon  as  the  weight  touches 
the  bottom,  it  no  longer  keeps  the  buoy  upright.  (See  dotted  lines  in 

%•  >•) 

The  depth  of  water  wdiich  it  is  desired  to  sound  having  been  de¬ 
termined,  a  pin  is  inserted  between  the  strands  of  the  line,  thus  stop¬ 
ping  the  weight  from  sinking  further.  From  this  pin  backwards  is 
fastened  to  the  line  a  floater  h ,  which  receives  the  point  g  of  two  lines 
connecting  to  the  corners  a  c  of  the  buoy.  When,  after  the  operation 
of  measuring  or  sounding,  the  log  is  hauled  on  board,  the  point g  leaves 
the  floater,  the  weight  e  rises  up  towards  the  buoy,  and  this  latter  as¬ 
sumes  a  horizontal  position  (see  fig.  2)  so  as  to  offer  the  least  resistance  to 
the  water. 

The  inventor  says:  I  claim  the  sounding-log,  constructed  substan¬ 
tially  as  described ;  that  is  to  say,  being  composed  of  a  buoy  abed , 
having  applied  to  it  a  weight  e,  attached  to  a  line  passing  between  a 
pulley  i  and  a  spring  m,  or  its  equivalent,  at  the  bottom. 

And  this  I  claim,  whether  used  with  or  without  a  connection  g  h,  to 
connect  the  line  with  the  top  part  of  it ;  the  whole  constituting  an  in¬ 
strument  by  which  the  speed  of  a  vessel  may  be  measured,  or  by 
which  soundings  may  be  taken,  without  stopping  or  heaving-to,  as  fully 
set  forth. 


No.  12,298. — John  U.  Wallis. — Improvement  in  Paddle-Wheels. — 
Patented  January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  134.) 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  employment  of  oblique  pad¬ 
dle-floats,  nor  arranging  the  oblique  paddle-floats  in  pairs  in  the  form 
of  the  letter  V,  otherwise  than  as  described. 


VII.— NAVIGATION. 


599 


But  I  claim :  1st.  The  attachment  of  the  oblique  paddle-floats,  each 
by  one  edge  only,  to  opposite  sides  of  a  wheel  A,  or  its  equivalent, 
substantially  as  described. 

2d.  I  claim  attaching  the  paddle-floats  to  the  wheel  A,  or  its  equiv¬ 
alent,  by  hinge  joints,  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  them  to  be  adjusted 
at  various  degrees  of  obliquity  by  screws  a  a ,  or  their  equivalents,  and 
to  adapt  their  position  to  the  direction  of  the  revolution  of  the  wheel,  as 
set  forth.  (See  engraving.) 


No.  12,460. — Peter  Lear. — Improved  Method  oj  Arranging  and  Opera¬ 
ting  Submerged  Horizontal  Paddle-Wheels. — Patented  lebruaiy  27, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  134.) 

In  paddle-wheels  of  this  description  the  water  is  thrown  off  centri- 
fugally  from  the  case  in  which  the  wheels  revolve,  and  a  partial  vacuum 
is  thus  produced  within  the  wheel-case,  which  is  constantly  supplied  by 
water  entering  the  case  with  the  buckets.  To  relieve  the  wheel  and  to 
supply  the  centre  of  the  wheel  with  air  or  water,  in  such  manner  that 
the  buckets  themselves  may  not  be  retarded  by  the  effort  to  draw  it  in 
from  the  circumference,  the  inventor  opens  a  passage  into  oi  near  the 
centre  of  the  wheel-case  for  the  admission  of  either  air  or  water,  to  sup¬ 
ply  the  place  of  that  which  is  thrown  off  centrifugally. 

"The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  pumping  air  into  the  wheel-house 
of  a  horizontal  or  other  paddle-wheel;  but  I  claim  the  pipe  P,  arranged 
in  connexion  with  the  wheel-chamber,  in  the  manner  described  and  for 
the  purpose  set  forth. 

No.  12,621.— Levi  M.  Dehart. — Adjustable  Paddle-Wheel. — Patented 
April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  134.) 

It  will  be  understood  from  the  engraving  how  the  diameter  of  this 
paddle-wheel  can  be  increased  or  diminished,  by  means  of  the  pinions 

D  and  toothed  arms  E,  carrying  the  paddles  H. 

The  engraving  exhibits  only  two  arms  of  this  wheel,  the  opposite 
two  arms  being  exactly  alike ;  O  is  the  centre  of  the  wheel. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  reefing-buckets  on  paddle- 
wheels  have  been  used,  and  that  an  expanding  propeller  has  also  been 
essayed,  in  which  the  wings  have  been  drawn  towards  the  centre,  or 
run  out  by  means  of  racks  and  pinions.  These  I  do  not  claim  ;  but  1 
claim ,  in  combination  with  the  hollow  arms  permanently  fixed  to  the 
hub,  the  arms  carrying  the  sections t\  the  buckets,  when  said  arms. are 
so  arranged  as  to  be  slid  within  the  holiow  arms  by  a  rack  and  pimon, 
or  its  equivalent,  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set 

forth. 


No.  13,058. _ Augustus  M.  Glover. — Improvements  in  the  Buckets  of 

Paddle-  Wheels.— Patented  June  12,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  134.) 

Each  of  the  paddles  is  made  concave  in  front,  while  the  back  is  a 
plain  surface.  The  advantages  of  the  concave  face  of  concentrating  to 


600 


VII. — NAVIGATION. 


a  focus  the  force  upon  the  water,  when  the  wheel  is  used  for  propelling 
forward,  is  combined  with  the  preservation  of  the  plane  upon  the  back 
of  the  paddle  necessary  to  prevent  the  slip  arising  from  paddles  formed 
with  a  concave  face  and  a  convex  back. 

C  are  two  of  the  opposite  arms  of  a  paddle-wheel ;  D  the  paddle. 

Claim. — The  giving  such  form,  viz  :  a  plain  concave,  to  the  paddle, 
that  all  the  advantage  of  the  concave  is  secured  without  loss  of  hold 
upon  the  water,  and  slip  in  backing  vessels  propelled  by  wheels,  sub¬ 
stantially  in  the  manner  set  forth. 


No.  13,190. — John  IJpham  Wallis. — Improvement  in  Paddle-Wheels.— - 

Patented  July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  134.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

Claim. — Attaching  the  innermost  or  central  portion  of  the  buckets 
rigidly  to  a  single  wheel  or  central  rim  a,  and  staying  the  outer  por¬ 
tions  thereof  to  the  said  rim  by  stays  b  b ,  substantially  as  described, 
whereby  the  construction  of  the  wheel  is  simplified,  and  great  strength 
is  obtained. 


No.  13,940. — Frederick  W.  Capen. — Improvement  in  Paddle-Wheels — 

Patented  December  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  134.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  consists  in  a  skeleton  paddle  or  allevia¬ 
tor  E,  placed  in  front  of  and  combined  with  each  or  any  paddle  D  of 
the  wheel  A  B,  on  the  shaft  C,  the  object  of  this  alleviator  being  to 
relieve  the  said  paddle  from  a  sudden  blow  or  concussion  on  its  entering 
the  water.  This  alleviator  E,  constructed  of  a  rectangular  frame  a,  and 
one  or  more  series  of  bars  b  b  b,  c  c  c,  interwoven  with  one  another,  or 
interlaced  so  as  to  have  meshes,  orifices,  or  spaces  between  them,  will 
break  up  or  divide  into  numerous  streams  the  mass  of  water  against 
which  it  may  impinge,  and  immediately  before  the  same  may  be  struck 
by  the  paddle  to  which  such  alleviator  may  be  applied. 

I  claim  the  combination  of  one  or  more  alleviators  or  skeleton  pad¬ 
dles,  constructed  essentially  as  described,  with  each  or  any  main  pad¬ 
dle  or  float  of  a  paddle-wheel,  or  propeller,  the  same  being  for  the 
purposes  as  specified. 


No.  13,988. — Benjamin  Hill. — Improvement  in  Paddle-Wheels. — -Pat¬ 
ented  December  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  134.) 

Two  or  more  discs  or  rings  D  D1  are  keyed  on  to  the  paddle-shaft 
S.  These  rings  have  as  many  radial  arms  A  as  it  is  intended  to  have 
paddles  or  valves,  which  valves  V  are  hinged  to  said  arms  at  h  h. 
The  valves  open  so  that  when  perpendicular  to  the  plane  of  the  disc  to 
which  they  are  attached  their  outer  edges  will  rest  against  the  bars  P 
attached  to  the  arms  of  the  other  disc.  In  this  position  the  valves  will 
present  their  surfaces  to  the  water.  When  the  shaft  revolves,  the  edge 


VIL— NAVIGATION. 


601 


of  one  valve  after  the  other  will  catch  the  water,  and  consequently  will 
be  opened  until  it  strikes  and  rests  against  the  opposite  bar  P,  as  above 
described. 

There  are  to  be  two  sets  of  valves,  hinged  so  as  to  open  in  opposite 
directions  for  forward  or  backward  motion  of  the  vessel. 

Claim. — The  radially  hinged  valves,  used  as  substitutes  for  paddles, 
said  valves  being  attached  to  discs  or  rings,  and  supported  thereby 
substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,190. — Charles  de  Bergue. — Improved  Propeller . — Patented 

January  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  134.) 

No  description  required. 

Claim. — An  apparatus  or  blade  so  oscillating  or  rocking  in  water  or 
other  fluid,  on  a  centre  or  axis  worked  to  and  fro,  that  each  of  its  oppo¬ 
site  sides  shall  alternately  present  a  moving  inclined  face  or  surface  to 
the  fluid  on  which  it  acts,  so  as  to  force,  displace,  or  propel  the  same, 
or  a  body  floating  thereon,  such  apparatus  or  blade  working  or  rocking 
within  a  case  or  chamber,  through  which  the  fluid  acted  upon  is  thereby 
caused  to  pass,  or  conversely,  in  which  the  fluid  in  passing  may  act  on 
the  blade  as  described. 


No.  12,446,— Franklin  Peale. — Improvement  in  Propellers . — Patented 

February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  135.) 

The  shaft  B,  which  is  terminated  by  arms  K,  works  through  the 
hollow  shaft  C  ;  the  shaft  B  is  revolved  by  a  crank  E,  and  C  by  a 
crank  H.  The  paddles  A  are  connected  to  the  shaft  C  by  means  of  a 
universal  joint  D.  By  adjusting  the  cranks  H  and  E,  the  paddles  may 
be  caused  to  vibrate  through  any  number  of  degrees  of  a  revolution  or 
at  any  angle  of  inclination.  Also,  by  setting  the  cranks  J  and  G  in  any 
position  in  relation  to  each  other,  the  angle  of  inclination  of  the  paddles 
to  the  line  of  progression  can  be  changed.  (See  dotted  lines  in  fig.  3.) 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  paddles  A,  the  arms  K,  and  shafts 
B  and  C,  arranged  and  operating  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose 
substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,752. — William  D.  Jones,  assignor  to  Henry  Whinfield. — 

Improvement  in  Propellers. — Patented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 

135.) 

A  A  are  discs,  B  B  their  shafts,  C  C  the  paddles,  D  the  connecting 
ball  and  socket  joint,  E  cogs  on  discs  A,  F  F  driving  pinions,  G  G 
binges,  H  H  connecting  rings.  I  denotes  the  point  where  the  discs  are 
nearest  together,  there  being  no  resistance  from  the  paddles ;  K  the 
position  where  the  discs  are  farthest  apart,  there  being  the  gieatest 
power  of  propulsion.  From  position  I,  where  the  paddies  are  folded 
down  flat  on  the  face  of  the  discs,  and  consequently  pass  through  the 
water  without  offering  resistance,  they  evolve  gradually  till  reaching 
position  K,  of  greatest  resistance,  where  they  stand  unfolded  at  right- 


602 


VII. — NAVIGATION. 


angles  to  the  faces  of  the  discs;  thereby  being  produced  a  continual  and 
direct  propulsion  against  the  water  at  one  point  and  no  resistance  at 
the  other  point. 

Claim .—  The  arrangement  and  combination  of  the  parts,  forming  a 
propellor,  as  fully  set  forth  in  the  foregoing  specification,  for  the  pur¬ 
poses  above  mentioned. 


No.  12,823. — Henry  Link. — Improved  Propeller . — Patented  May  8, 

1855.  (Plates,  p.  135.) 

The  semi-circular  or  semi -elliptical  propeller  E,  vibrating  on  an  ec¬ 
centrical  vertical  shaft  F,  is  arranged  underneath  the  bottom  A  of  a 
vessel,  B  representing  the  keel,  which  is  provided  with  a  slot  C  for  the 
propeller  to  work  through.  The  propeller,  whose  straight  front  part  is 
placed  towards  the  fore  part  ot  the  vessel,  and  the  curved  circumfer¬ 
ence  towards  the  stern,  is  vibrated  each  way  about  one  sixth  of  the 
whole  circle.  Paddles  I  I,  hinged  on  rods  G  G1  and  arms  H  H1,  may 
be  so  arranged,  that  when  one  (for  instance  I)  is  inactive,  the  other  (I1) 
will  abut  against  the  bent  down  ends  of  the  arms,  and  propel. 

Claim. — A  semi-circular  propeller,  constructed  and  operated  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described,  for  the  purposes  set  forth,  whether  the  same  is 
used  with  or  without  hinged  paddles. 


No.  12,955.- — William  Lansdell. — Improvement  in  Buoyant  Propellers, 

— Patented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  135.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  consists  in  the  construction  of  two 
segmentary  cylinders  composed  of  hollow,  water-tight  threads,  A  B 
C  D,  arranged  in  the  form  of  a  screw,  for  the  purposes  of  supporting 
a  superstructure  by  their  power  of  flotation,  and  of  giving  motion  to 
the  same  by  their  revolutions  in  the  water.  These  threads  are  separated 
by  spiral  water  spaces  through  the  whole  lengths  of  the  threads,  and 
surround  an  open  space  in  the  centre,  which  is  framed  and  connected 
with  the  bearings,  as  a  hollow  shaft,  admitting  the  free  passage  of  the 
water,  a,  are  the  flanges  referred  to  in  the  claims,  and  the  increased 
pitch  is  seen  on  the  other  edge  at  b. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  claim  the  combination  of  the  hollow  threads, 
in  the  form  described,  with  the  central  and  lateral  water  spaces,  form¬ 
ing  the  threads  of  a  screw,  and  securing  both  flotation  and  propulsion. 

Also,  the  use  of  the  flange,  arranged  on  the  regular  edge  of  the  seg¬ 
ments,  having  ihe  true  pitch  of  the  regular  screw. 

Also,  the  peculiar  wedge-like  form  of  the  ends  of  the  segments, 
having  the  effect  to  diminish  the  resistance  of  the  immersed  section  of 
the  head,  while  it  increases  the  propelling  force  at  the  stern. 

I  do  not  confine  myself  to  the  exact  proportions  of  the  pitch,  or  form 
of  the  ends  of  the  screw  or  its  threads,  as  represented. 


VII. — NAVIGATION. 


603 


No.  13,041. — Joseph  H.  Penny  and  Thomas  B.  Rogers. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Propellers. — Patented  June  12,  1S55. — Patented  in  England, 

June  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  135.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

Fig.  1  is  a  plan ;  fig.  2,  a  side  elevation. 

The  inventors  say :  We  are  aware  that  propellers,  or  paddle-wheels, 
have  heretofore  been  made,  having  three  throws  or  series  of  paddles, 
and  also  having  the  paddles  enter  and  leave  the  water  in  a  vertical 
position,  and  therefore  we  make  no  claim  for  such  general  device  or 
arrangement. 

But  we  claim  the  arrangement,  as  above  described,  of  the  connect¬ 
ing-rods  g  with  the  connecting-heads  b  and  the  paddles  a ,  &c.;  the 
connecting-rods  passing  through  the  connecting-heads,  and  the  paddles 
being  bolted  to  such  rods,  so  that  anyone  or  more  can  be  removed,  if 
necessary,  without  interfering  with  the  others,  the  whole  being  strong, 
and  at  the  same  time  of  light  construction. 


No.  18,078. — Henry  Boynton. — Reciprocating  Railway  Propeller . — 

Patented  June  19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  136.) 

This  invention  consists  in  applying  any  rectdinear  reciprocating 
motive  power  to  the  propelling  ol  vessels,  it  being  by  levers  in  simple 
mechanical  connection  with  the  piston,  which  oscillates  them  longitu¬ 
dinally  to  the  vessel,  and  which  are,  by  lengthened  arms,  connected 
with  oar-trucks,  driven  upon  railways  lengthwise  of  and  upon  the  side 
of  the  vessel. 

i  i  and  h  are  the  railways;  at  the  end  of  the  stroke,  the  wheels 
nearest  the  end  of  the  railways  pass  the  rails  y1,  and  the  other  two 
wheels  move  upon  the  rails  y,  which  are  a  little  longer  than  y1,  and 
vibrate  y1  outward  for  the  said  wheels ;  so  that  the  truck  g  (which 
carries  the  oars)  moves  up  parallel  to  the  main  rails  on  to  the  pivot- 
rails  k,  the  guide- wheels  passing  under  the  catch-levers  o,  and  thereby 
operate  to  detach  the  catch-levers  l;  the  bearing-wheels,  as  they  pass 
the  pivot-centre,  act  upon  the  upper  part  of  the  rails  k ,  pressing  them 
at  once  into  horizontal  line  with  the  upper  rails  A,  and  are  there  fast¬ 
ened  by  the  catch-levers  l,  which  are  held  by  springs  m  to  bars  n. 
E  and  D  are  the  walking-beams.  A  more  detailed  description  would 
occupy  too  much  space. 

The  inventor  says :  I  disclaim,  as  any  part  of  my  invention,  the 
working  beam-stopping  apparatus,  as  now  used  upon  the  Cornish  en¬ 
gines,  commonly  called  the  bumper. 

I  claim :  1st.  The  double- wheeled  oar-truck,  provided  with  wheels 
rotating  in  opposite  directions  on  the  same  axis,  and  running  between 
upper  and  under  simultaneously  acting  railways,  constructed  and  applied 
substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  described,  by  which  a 
longitudinal  propeller  for  water-craft  is  held  or  confined  to  its  designed 
railways. 

2d.  I  claim,  in  combination  with  two  sets  of  railways,  one  for  the 


604 


VII. — NAVIGATION. 


forward  and  the  other  for  the  bach -stroke,  the  ascending  and  descend¬ 
ing  railways,  so  arranged  that  the  fore-wheels  of  the  truck  run  upon 
one  track  and  the  after-wheels  upon  another  track,  whereby  the  truck 
is  free  to  ascend  and  descend  at  either  end  of  the  main  railways,  in 
such  a  manner  that  a  line  drawn  through  its  axles  will  be  always  par¬ 
allel,  or  nearly  so,  to  the  main  horizontal  rails,  substantially  in  the 
manner  and  for  the  purpose  described. 

3d.  I  claim  the  lower  rising  vibrating  rails,  and  the  upper  pivot- 
moving  rails,  constructed  and  applied  substantially  as  set  forth. 

4th.  The  combination  of  levers  in  their  adaptation  to  railway  pro¬ 
pellers,  by  which  the  upper  pivot  rails  at  either  end  of  the  railways 
being  moved  by  the  truck  wheels,  those  at  the  opposite  end  are  simi¬ 
larly  moved  at  the  same  time ;  and  the  addition  of  safety  levers,  by 
which,  if  the  pivot  rails  upon  either  side  end  are  moved,  all  the  others 
are  similarly  moved  at  the  same  time. 

5th.  The  combination  of  levers,  by  which  the  catch-bars,  or  fasten¬ 
ings  to  the  upper  pivot  rails,  are  governed  and  disengaged  by  the  truck 
wheels,  and  by  which,  if  either  one  is  disengaged,  the  others  are  also. 

At  the  same  time,  I  claim  the  combination  of  the  curved  toe  rocking- 
shaft  with  the  oscillating  riding-bar,  sustaining  a  weight  or  spring,  with 
any  reciprocating  arm  attached  to  the  engine,  for  the  purpose  of  grad¬ 
ually  and  rapidly  retarding  the  piston,  and  bringing  it  and  the  car  truck 
to  a  state  of  rest,  as  described. 


No.  13,336. — Augustin  Duboce. — Improvement  in  Propellers. — Patented 

July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  136.) 

The  propelling  motion  of  the  paddles  b  will  be  understood  from  the 
claim  and  engravings. 

Claim. — Giving  the  blades  the  motion  specified,  by  connecting  them 
with  the  sides  of  the  vessel  by  means  of  a  ball  and  socket  joint  e,  or 
any  equivalent  therefor,  in  combination  with  an  arm  h  projecting  from 
the  arbor  of  the  blade,  the  end  of  which  arm  is  connected  by  a  sliding 
and  ball  and  socket  joint  i,  or  any  equivalent  therefor,  with  a  wheel  or 
crank  army  on  the  crank  or  driving-shaft  h ,  substantially  as  and  for  the 
purpose  specified. 


No.  13,394. — Wm.  J.  McIntire. — Improvement  in  Propelling  Vessels  by 
the  Direct  Action  of  Steam  on  the  Water. — Patented  August  7,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  136.) 

The  object  of  this  invention  is  to  let  the  steam  act  directly  on  the 
water  below  its  surface,  for  the  purpose  of  propelling  the  vessel.  The 
steam  issuing  through  square  pipe  B  is  to  be  protected  from  instanta¬ 
neous  condensation  by  surrounding  with  of  encasing  it  within  one  pipe 
C  (or  two  pipes  C  D,  as  represented  in  the  engravings)  of  larger  diam¬ 
eter  than  B,  so  as  to  leave  a  hollow  space  between  the  outer  surface 
of  B  and  the  inner  surface  of  C.  Simultaneously  with  the  steam,  hot 
non-condensible  gases  (the  inventor  proposes  to  use  the  heated  products 
of  combustion  taken  from  the  flues  of  the  boiler  at  the  place  of  final 


vn.— nawgatioP.  605 

discharge)  are  to  be  forced  out  through  said  hollow  space,  so  as  to  en¬ 
velop  and  protect  the  Vet  of  steam. 

Claim. — Protecting  the  steam  from  condensation  by  discharging  at 
the  same  time  with  it  some  non-condensible  gas  or  gases,  or  fluids,  or 
both  in  combination,  in  such  manner  as  to  form  an  envelope  for  the  steam, 
for  the  purposes  as  described. 


No.  12,119. — William  Ballard. — Improvement  in  Constructing  Vessels . 

— Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  136.) 

The  principal  object  of  this  invention  is  to  combine  the  advantages 
of  the  so-called  bluff  and  the  clipper-bow.  The  inventor  gives  to  the 
bow,  as  well  as  to  the  stern,  what  he  calls  an  OG  form,  as  shown  in  the 
drawings.  By  these  means,  he  asserts,  deck-room  is  given  equal  to  a 
bluff  bow,  at  the  same  time  securing  an  easier  entrance  into  the  water 
than  with  a  clipper-bow. 

This  construction  of  the  stern,  he  states,  enables  him  to  remove  the 
propeller  and  rudder  a  good  distance  from  the  run  of  the  vessel. 

Claim. — The  construction  of  the  bows  and  the  sterns  of  vessels,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described. 


No.  12,359. — V  P.  Corbett. — Improvement  in  Constructing  Ships  and 

other  Vessels. — Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  137.) 

Claim. — The  arrangement  shown  and  described  of  the  India-rubber 
or  elastic  and  water-proof  pad  «,  covering,  or  lining,  on  the  back  of  the  in¬ 
side  lining  and  bracing  planking,  and  between  the  said  inside  planking 
and  the  stiffer  or  more  solid  outer  timbers  or  frame-work  of  the  hull  of  the 
vessel ;  the  same  serving  to  form  a  stout  elastic  cushion  or  pad  bearing 
for  the  inside  planks  to  rest  upon  in  their  union  to  the  outer  frame-work 
of  the  ship,  and  constituting  a  planked  elastic  pad  inside  casing  to  the 
vessel,  for  operation  in  the  manner,  for  the  better  accomplishment  of  the 
several  purposes  of  protection,  freedom  from  injury,  and  facility  of  re¬ 
pair,  essentially  as  specified.  (See  engraving.) 


No.  12,445. — Zadoc  Pangborn. — Improvement  in  the  Construction  of 

Vessels. — Patented  February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  137.) 

The  bifurcated  ribs  a  a  form  a  lozenge-shaped  space  h ,  which,  when 
properly  sheathed,  will  form  a  buoyant  air-vessel. 

Claim, . — The  arrangement  of  tanks  constructed  as  set  forth,  the  same 
consisting  in  the  extension  and  bifurcation  of  the  ribs  of  vessels’  hulls, 
so  as  to  form  an  arched  series  of  tanks,  or  receptacles  for  tanks,  in  the 
manner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,278. — Otis  Tufts. — Improvement  in  Constructing  Iron  Ships. — 
Patented  July  3  7,  1855  ;  patented  in  England,  April  2,  1845. 
(Plates,  p.  137.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engraving. 


606 


VII.— NAVIGATION. 


Claim. — Constructing  the  hull,  decks,  a?*d  bulkheads  of  ships  with  a 
double  shell  of  iron,  interfastened,  for  greates*  ‘Strength,  with  binders, 
substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,231. — Stephen  Saunders. —  Vibrating  Stop- Water  for  Ships  and 
other  Vessels. — Patented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  137.) 

The  advantages  of  the  vibrating  stop-waters  a  a  are  as  follows : 
When  a  vessel  is  running  on  a  wind,  all  the  water  which  the  vessel 
makes  above  the  stop-waters,  which  are  on  the  lowest  side  of  the  ves¬ 
sel,  will  be  arrested  by  said  stop- waters ;  and  when  it  becomes  neces¬ 
sary  to  pump  out  the  vessel,  and  she  is  brought  up  before  the  wind  for 
that  purpose,  the  said  stop-waters  on  the  side  of  the  vessel  that  was 
depressed  will  swing  inwards,  and  allow  the  water  outside  of  them  to 
readily  flow  inwards  to  the  pump-well. 

Claim. — The  improvement  produced  by  the  combination  of  vibratory 
water-stops  with  the  hulls  of  vessels,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,968.— Webster  Shibles,  assignor  to  Himself  and  Edward 

O’Brien. — Improvement  in  Reefing  Topsails. — Patented  May  29, 

1855.  (Plates,  p.  137.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

The  inventor,  says :  I  do  not  claim  so  applying  the  upper  topsail 
yard  to  the  topmast  and  sail,  that  when  the  former  is  lowered  it  shall 
rotate  and  wind  the  sail  about  it. 

I  claim  combining  a  windlass  yard  with  the  upper  topsail  yard,  and 
applying  the  windlass  ropes  to  the  outer  ends  of  the  windlass  yard, 
and  to  the  topsail  yard  and  topmast,  substantially  as  specified; 
whereby  when  the  upper  topsail  yard  is  lowered  the  sail  will  be 
furled,  and  when  raised  unfurled,  as  specified. 


No.  12,316. — Jno.  Hobbs. — Improvement  in  Rain- Staff  Screws  for  Ship- 

Carpenters.— Patented  January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  137.) 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  screw-stems  C  D  and  E  F  passing 
through  the  rain-staff  A  B;  the  sharp-threaded  screws  D  and  E  forced 
into  the  timber  or  side  of  the  vessel  by  the  lever  h  inserted  in  the  aper¬ 
ture  k ;  and  the  nuts  g  g  moved  by  the  lever  i  to  torce  the  rein-staff 
towards  the  vessel,  together  with  the  set-down  L  on  each  screw,  for 
the  purpose  of  inserting  wedges  between  it  and  the  edge  of  the  plank, 
to  bring  the  plank  into  place  for  spiking  on  the  side  of  the  vessel,  (See 
engraving.) 


No.  12,620. — Thos.  Brown. — Improvement  in  Ships ’  Riding  Bitts. — - 
Patented  April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  137.) 

These  bitts  consist  of  tubes  c  provided  with  sufficiently  broad  flanges 
d ,  and  bolted  to  the  deck-beams  h.  These  bitts  save  much  space  be- 


vn. — NAVIGATION.  607 

tween  decks,  and  ventilation  and  light  can  be  admitted  through  the 
hollow  tube  c  and  opening  j  in  the  deck. 

Claim. — The  tubular  metallic  riding  bitts,  when  entirely  secured  to 
a  single  deck  of  a  vessel,  and  arranged  substantially  in  the  manner  and 
for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,601. — John  S.  Robbins. — Improvement  in  Ships' ’  Rudders . — - 

Patented  September  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  137.) 

The  rudder  A  is  hung  from  the  stern-post  B  of  a  vessel,  in  a  similar 
manner  to  the  rudder  commonly  employed,  but  having  little  more  than 
half  the  area.  This  rudder  is  operated  by  the  usual  steering- apparatus. 
The  second  rudder  C  is  supported  by  brackets  E  and  F.  As  the 
rudders  depart  from  the  midship  position,  (see  dotted  lines  in  figure  2,) 
one  swings  to  one  side  and  the  other  to  the  other  ,*  but,  as  they  are 
always  parallel  to  each,  and  both  of  the  same  area,  they  are  always 
balanced  and  remain  in  any  position  as  if  they  were  locked,  thereby 
relieving  the  helmsman,  be  the  helm  kept  stationary  or  be  it  moving. 

Claim. — Arranging  the  two  rudders,  and  combining  them  by  means 
of  the  arms  b  b  and  b 1  b1,  and  connecting-rods  c  c ,  substantially  as  and 
for  the  purpose  herein  set  forth. 


No.  12,390. — Frederick  Howes. — Improvement  in  Ships’  Standing 
Rigging. — Patented  February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  137.) 

Claim. — Formingthe  shrouds  and  back-stays,  or  other  standing  rigging, 
in  one  continuous  piece,  and  conducting  the  rope  of  which  they  are 
formed  alternately  through  proper  guides  aloft  and  guides  at  the  channels 
or  chain-plates,  as  set  forth.  (See  engraving.) 


No.  13,518. — Thomas  Batty. — Improvement  in  Supporting  Ships’  Top- 

Masts . — Patented  September  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  137.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings,  where  A  represents  the  lower  mast  and  B  the  top¬ 
mast. 

Claim. — The  employment,  for  the  purpose  of  supporting  or  assisting 
to  support  the  topmast  or  topgallant-mast,  and  superincumbent  spars 
and  rigging,  and  for  setting  up  the  same  when  necessary,  of  the  diago¬ 
nal  double  screwed  iron-stays  e,  constructed  and  applied  as  described, 
between  the  cap  of  the  lower  mast  and  the  heel  of  the  topmast. 


No.  13,861. — Thomas  Batty. — Improvement  in  Suspending  Ships’  Yards.— 
Patented  December  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  137.) 

By  hanging  the  yard  in  the  manner  represented  in  the  engravings, 
great  freedom  of  movement  is  obtained,  and  the  yard  is  thrown  well 
out  from  the  mast,  so  as  to  keep  the  sail  clear,  and  yet  well  sup¬ 
ported.  A  represents  the  lower  mast;  B,  the  topmast;  C,  the  yard. 


608 


VII. — NAVIGATION. 


Claim . — The  arrangement  of  the  yard,  the  beami,  and  the  crane  e  e1, 
substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  15,718. — James  Emerson. — Improvement  in  Ship's  Windlass . — 

Patented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  138.) 

By  turning  shaft  E  in  the  proper  direction,  shaft  B  will  be  rotated  by 
means  of  gearing  D  C,  and  the  part  pinions  G  G1  will  alternately  gear 
into  the  sectors  1  I,  and  one  sector  will  be  moved  in  the  direction  of  the 
arrow,  and  then  the  other,  and  the  pawls  J  of  the  sectors  catch  against 
the  chains  L  and  move  them  over  the  pulleys  H.  The  movement  of 
the  chains  is  continuous,  because  the  part  pinions  are  rather  more  than 
half  pinions,  and  one  catches  its  sector  before  the  other  pinion  leaves 
its  sector.  When  the  pinions  leave  the  sectors,  the  sectors  are  thrown 
forward,  (so  as  to  be  ready  to  be  caught  by  the  part  pinions,)  by  means 
of  levers  K,  the  upper  ends  of  which  are  operated  by  pins  A1  catching 
into  forks  h  ;  and  the  lower  ends  of  the  levers  are  thrown  forward,  and 
also  the  sectors,  in  consequence  of  pins  g  fitting  in  slots  f.  Both  pulleys 
H  H  are  worked  precisely  alike,  so  that  two  chains  are  drawn  up. 
Using  the  small  gearing  N  O,  by  reversing  the  motion  of  shaft  E,  the 
speed  is  increased. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  geared  sectors  I  I,  with  pawls  J 
attached,  the  part  pinions  G  G1,  levers  K,  and  pulleys  H;  the  above 
parts  being  constructed  and  arranged  substantially  as  herein  shown, 
and  for  the  purpose  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,262. — John  B.  Holmes,  assignor  to  John  R.  Pratt. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Ships'  Capstans. — Patented  July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  138.) 

F  is  a  round  plate  secured  to  spindle  C,  and  supports  two  spur- 
wheels  G  G1,  which  are  in  gear  with  the  toothed  rim  H  H  of  the  barrel 
B,  and  also  with  pinion  I,  which  is  in  one  piece  with  bevel  wheel  K, 
and  both  of  them  revolve  loosely  on  the  fixed  spindle  C.  N  are  the 
cranks.  A  is  the  bottom  plate,  firmly  secured  to  the  bottom. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  make  no  claim  to  employ  compound  gearing 
for  working  capstans,  for  I  am  aware  that  gear  wheels  have  been  ap¬ 
plied  and  combined  before  for  the  purpose  of  overcoming  a  variable  re¬ 
sistance  in  capstans;  nor  do  1  claim  the  shape,  form,  or  construction  of 
the  different  parts,  when  separately  considered. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  stationary  drum-head  D,  in  rela¬ 
tion  to  the  stationary  base  and  spindle  C  and  movable  body  B,  the 
same  being  moved  by  gearing  and  cranks,  as  set  forth  and  described. 


No.  13,393. — Peter  H.  Jackson. — Improvement  in  Ships'  Winches. — 
Patented  August  7,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  138.) 

When  handle  h  is  depressed,  ratchet-wheel  3  will  also  be  moved  with 
it,  and  pawl  4  will  retain  the  motion  thus  given,  and  raising  the  handle, 
the  point  10  of  pawl  a  will  ride  over  the  ratchet-teeth  3,  and  then  drop 


VII. — NAVIGATION. 


609 


thereinto  ready  for  again  being  depressed,  the  point  11  acting  as  a  coun¬ 
terpoise  to  keep  point  10  in  the  teeth.  But  if  the  handspike  and  socket 
be  turned  over  on  to  the  other  side  of  the  ratchet-wheel,  pawl  a  will  fall 
over  backwards,  and  point  11  will  take  the  teeth  3  to  rotate  the  same  in 
the  opposite  direction,  and  point  10  will  act  as  a  counterpoise  to  keep  11 
to  the  teeth.  Pawl  4  has  to  be  thrown  under  as  before  detailed,  and 
ratchet-wheel  3  is  ready  to  be  rotated  in  the  other  direction. 

The  inventor  says  :  1  do  not  claim  a  pawl  or  pawls  acting  on  their 
ratchet-wheels  on  either  side  of  their  centre  carrying  the  same,  neither 
do  1  claim  applying  a  pawl  hand- spike  socket  and  retaining  pawl  to  a 
ratchet-wheel,  as  this  has  been  done,  but  only  for  rotating  the  said 
ratchet-wheel  in  one  direction  ;  and  I  am  aware  that  pawls  with  coun¬ 
terpoise  weights,  to  make  them  act  upwards  instead  of  downwards,  are 
well  known. 

I  am  also  well  aware  that  winches  and  windlasses  have  been  fitted 
by  means  of  external  ratchets  and  hooks,  and  internal  ratchets  and 
pawls  applied  at  the  outer  end  ot  the  head,  so  that  the  same  can  be 
rotated  in  either  direction.  Therefore,  I  make  no  claim  to  rotating 
winches  or  windlasses  in  either  direction,  as  this  is  well  known  and  in 
common  use. 

It  will  be  evident  that  my  arrangement  of  ratchets  and  pawls  has  im¬ 
portant  advantages  over  such  arrangements,  because  there  is  nothing  to 
prevent  a  rope  being  easily  wound  around  the  winch  or  cast-off;  whereas, 
in  cases  where  the  hand-spike  is  applied  at  the  outer  end  of  the  winch 
or  windlass-head,  the  same  has  often  to  be  pulled  out  to  allow  the  rope 
to  be  taken  off*,  but  in  mine  that  is  not  the  case ;  and,  besides  this,  there 
is  more  strain  on  the  shaft  carrying  the  parts  when  the  hand-spike  is 
applied  at  the  end  thereof,  than  when  it  acts  close  up  to  the  bit  or  tim¬ 
ber  carrying  said  shall.  I  am  not  aware  that  a  double-acting  pawl 
has  ever  before  been  applied  beneath  a  ratchet-wheel,  and  fitted  with 
the  counterpoise  weight,  to  make  the  same  act  upwards,  and  also  allow 
for  turning  said  pawl  under  to  change  sides,  when  said  pawl  is  com¬ 
bined  with  a  double-acting  pawl,  set  on,  and  moving  with,  a  hand-spike 
and  socket,  (or  lever,)  and  applied  to  the  upper  part  of  said  ratchet- 
wheel  in  such  a  manner  as  to  rotate  the  same  in  either  direction,  thereby 
producing  a  double-acting  purchase  with  only  one  ratchet-wheel,  and 
obtaining  the  advantage  specified. 

I  claim  the  reversible  or  double-acting  pawl  4,  below  the  ratchet- 
wheel,  in  combination  with  the  double-acting  pawl  a,  to  which  power 
is  applied  to  rotate  said  ratchet-wheel  in  either  direction,  in  the  man¬ 
ner  as  specified. 


No.  13,506. — James  Emerson. — Improvement  in  Ships'  Windlasses . — 
Patented  August  28,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  138.) 

If  the  chains  are  to  be  drawn  up  slowdy,  shaft  I  is  turned  so  that 
wheel  L  will  turn  with  shaft  I,  and  turn  the  large  wheel  C  on  shaft  B.  If 
the  chains  are  to  be  hoisted  with  a  quicker  motion,  shaft  I  is  turned 
in  the  reverse  direction,  so  that  wheel  M  will  turn  with  shaft  I,  and 
turn  the  smaller  wheel  D  on  shaft  B. 

39 


610 


VII. — NAVIGATION. 


I  claim  the  gearing  CDLM  and  the  ratchet  N  and  O  on  the  shaft  I, 
when  arranged  substantially  as  shown,  for  the  purpose  of  operating  the 
shaft,  B  of  the  windlass,  with  a  quick  or  slower  or  vibrating  motion,  and 
with  a  corresponding  degree  of  power ;  one  set  of  gear-wheels  C  L 
being  independent  of  the  other  set  D  M,  and  allowing  the  windlass,  in 
case  of  the  breaking  of  one,  to  be  operated  by  the  other. 


No.  13,612. — Jno.  B.  Holmes,  assignor  to  Jno.  R.  Pratt  and  Jno.  B, 

Holmes. — Improvement  in  Ships’  Windlasses. — Patented  September 

25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  138.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engraving. 

The  inventor  says :  I  make  no  claim  to  the  application  of  wheels, 
or  gearing  of  any  description,  to  ships’  windlasses,  for  the  purpose  of 
occasionally  increasing  their  power,  as  such  has  been  done  before,  and 
in  particular  has  been  described  by  Hindmarch  and  others. 

Nor  do  I  make  any  claim  to  the  stationary  or  revolving  shaft  or  spin¬ 
dle  or  spindles  of  the  chain-barrels  A  A1 ;  nor  do  I  claim  any  of  the 
parts  constituting  my  windlass,  when  detached  or  separated. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  shaft  E  with  its  gearing- wheels 
F  and  G  and  the  clutch-coupling  H,  in  relation  to  the  drums  of  the 
windlass  and  their  gearing,  as  set  forth,  whereby  the  one  or  both  drums 
may  be  moved  with  a  quick  or  slow  motion,  or  the  one  drum  may  be 
moved  with  the  quick  and  the  other  with  the  slow  motion,  at  the  same 
time. 


No.  12,140. — Henry  J.  Rogers. — Improvement  in  Signal-Flags. — Pat¬ 
ented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  138.) 

This  improvement  consists  in  placing  diagonally  the  distinguishing 
marks  of  the  flags,  the  symbols  forming  a  distinct  mark  in  a  calm  sim¬ 
ilar  to  those  exhibited  by  the  flags  in  a  stiff  breeze,  as  apparent  from 
the  figures. 

Claim. — The  square  signal-flag  with  diagonal  symbols,  so  that  the 
same  flags  will  answer  for  signals  in  a  high  wind  and  in  a  calm,  as  set 
forth. 


No.  12,250. — Abijah  R.  Tewkesbury. — Improved  Steering- Appara¬ 
tus. — Patented  January  16,  1855.  (PJates,  p.  138.) 

By  rotating  the  steering-wheel  I,  the  four  gears  g  g  gl  gl  are  set  in 
motion  ;  and  as  the  pinions  i  of  two  of  them  work  in  the  stationary 
curved  racks  D  of  the  case  C,  they  will  produce  a  rotative  movement 
of  rudder-head  A. 

In  case  the  rudder  should  be  lifted  by  a  heavy  sea,  the  pinions  will 
be  free  to  rise  in  the  racks,  and  no  damage  will  ensue. 

Claim . — Arranging  the  rudder-head  within  a  concentric  or  surround¬ 
ing  frame  or  case  C  fastened  to  the  deck,  and  applying  on  the  top  of 


VII. — NAVIGATION. 


611 


the  rudder-head  and  within  the  case,  as  described,  a  driving  shaft-gear¬ 
ing  and  one  or  .more  curved  racks  of  internal  cogs;  the  whole  to  be 
operated  by  a  hand-wheel  applied  to  turn  the  shaft,  substantially  as 
specified ;  the  said  arrangement  of  parts  rendering  their  combination 
not  only  exceedingly  efficient  and  compact  as  a  steering  apparatus,  but 
one  wherein  the  lifting  or  raising  of  the  rudder  by  a  wave  or  sea  is  not 
liable  to  injuriously  derange  the  machinery. 


No.  12,488. — Jesse  Reed. — Improvement  in  Steering  Apparatus. — 

Patented  March  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  139.) 

A  is  the  rudder-head ;  P  D  are  pedestals  arranged  on  stanchions 
E  E,  projecting  upwards  from  deck  F.  The  pedestals  are  connected 
to  the  stanchions  by  means  of  studs  b  and  slots  u,,  thus  allowing  of  a 
self-adjustment  to  the  fore-and-aft  movement  of  the  rudder  when  struck 
by  a  heavy  sea,  and  also  allowing  the  pedestals  to  rise  up  on  said 
studs,  so  as  to  yield  upward  when  struck  in  that  direction.  Thus  the 
force  of  the  sea  is  expended  on  the  rudder,  by  allowing  the  rudder  to 
yield  to  it.  M  M  are  two  guard-rails  lying  parallel  to  and  in  contact 
one  with  each  half  of  the  divided  nut.  These  bars  are  also  supported 
in  the  pedestals  so  as  to  move  with  all  the  other  moving  parts  when 
yielding  to  the  spring  of  the  rudder.  Wedges  n  serve  to  press  these 
bars  hard  up  against  nut  I.  Thus  the  screw-shaft  is  relieved  from  the 
workings  of  the  rudder  in  a  heavy  sea,  and  is  prevented  from  being 
bent  out  of  its  true  line,  which  would  strip  its  own  or  the  thread  of  the 
nut  or  bolt. 

Claim. — Combining  with  the  divided  nut  the  adjustable  guide  and 
guard-rails,  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

Also,  the  supporting  of  the  pedestals  upon  the  stanchions  by  means 
oflong  pins  or  studs  passing  through  oblong  slots  in  the  pedestals,  and 
into  said  stanchions,  for  the  purpose  of  allowing  the  pedestals  and 
several  parts  connected  therewith  to  move  fore  or  aft,  up  or  down, 
to  accommodate  themselves  to  any  rising  or  falling,  or  springing  or 
bending  of  the  rudder-post,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,909. — J.  W.  Hoagland. —  Tree-Nail  Machine . — Patented  May 

22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  139.) 

The  piece  X  of  which  the  tree-nail  is  to  be  made  is  entered  between 
the  first  pair  of  feed-rollers  L.  The  piece  is  shaped  by  the  cutters, 
and  thus  received  by  the  second  pair  of  feeding-rollers,  the  pressure  ol 
which  latter  rollers  is  governed  (for  the  purpose  of  accommodating  the 
varying  size  of  the  tree-nail)  by  oval  buttons  b  on  rods  R,  which  latter 
are  moved  and  governed  by  levers  D  bolted  and  projecting  from  cir¬ 
cular  plate  B.  The  buttons  are  hinged  upon  a  cross-piece  c  on  the 
stanchions  E.  When  the  gauge  or  pattern  causes  a  motion  of  the  arms 
D  of  the  plate,  it  moves  also  the  levers  R,  and,  turning  the  buttons, 
forces  apart  the  boxes  S  of  the  feed-roller  shafts,  and  the  spiral  springs 
force  them  together  again.  In  each  box  C  is  a  stationary  pin  protruding 


612 


YII. — NAVIGATION. 


through  slots  a  in  the  plate.  The  follower  H  is  supported  on  ways  z. 
The  chain  band  W  is  connected  to  the  follower,  so  that  when  the 
follower  is  thrust  back  by  the  tree-nail  striking  against  it,  it  will  turn 
the  wheel  J  and  pinion  K,  and  move  rack  T,  which  carries  the  gauge 
or  pattern  U.  When  the  tree-nail  drops,  the  weight  will  draw  the  fol¬ 
lower  back  again  towards  the  head  of  the  machine.  Upon  one  of  arms 
D  is  screwed  a  perpendicular  stem  Y  with  a  slot  -at  its  fastening,  so 
that  it  can  be  graduated.  The  bottom  of  the  stem  rests,  by  means  of 
a  friction  roller,  upon  the  pattern  Q,  which,  in  moving  back  and  forth, 
raises  or  depresses  the  levers  D  of  the  circular  plate;  and  this  motion, 
by  means  of  slots  a,  converges  or  diverges  the  cutters,  and  thus  gives 
the  tree-nail  the  desired  shape. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  use  and  employment  of  the  circular  plate  B,  with 
its  diagonal  slots  a ,  to  concentrate  or  expand  the  cutters,  and  thus 
regulate  the  size  of  the  tree-nail  in  the  manner  above  described. 

2d.  The  use  and  employment  of  the  follower  H,  with  its  apparatus 
of  band  and  wheel  to  govern  the  gauge  U,  so  that  the  tree-nails  may 
be  made  uniform  in  size,  arranged  and  constructed  substantially  as 
above  described. 

3d.  The  use  of  the  levers  R  and  their  apparatus  of  ovals  h  to  sepa¬ 
rate  the  feed-rollers  or  allow  them  to  approach  each  other  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  holding  the  tree-nail  firmly,  while  it  is  being  enlarged  or  di¬ 
minished,  in  the  manner  above  shown. 

4th.  The  use  of  the  pattern-gauge  U  and  the  stem  Y  to  govern  the 
circular  plate. 


No.  13,463e — Joseph  Hyde. — Improved  Apparatus  for  Vessels  to  indicate 
iheir  locality  when  they  sink ,  and  to  supply  a  means  of  raising  them. — - 
Patented  August  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  139.) 

The  cord  g  being  connected  by  one  end  with  the  buoy  5,  and  by  the 
other  with  the  spool  f  which  makes  part  of  the  buoy,  and  wound  up  on 
the  body  of  the  spool,  which  is  free  to  turn  on  the  arbor  of  the  buoy,  as  the 
vessel  sinks,  the  spool  will  turn  to  give  out  the  cord,  that  the  buoy  may 
remain  on  the  surface  of  the  water,  notwithstanding  it  continues  to  be 
connected  with  the  vessel.  The  sockets  h  are  formed  with  recesses  l 
l  for  the  insertion  of  a  metallic  grapple  m  provided  with  twm  catches  o , 
which  have  their  fulcrum  at  p,  and  which  work  in  mortises  in  the  grap¬ 
ple,  and  are  pressed  outward  by  a  suitable  spring.  The  chain  or  cable 
q  is  attached  to  the  grapple-loop  n. 
a  represents  part  of  the  vessel. 

The  inventor  says:  I  am  aware  that  on  some  occasions,  in  throwing 
guns,  anchors,  and  other  heavy  articles  overboard  to  lighten  ships  at 
sea,  cords  with  floats  have  been  previously  attached,  to  indicate  their 
locality  when  sunken;  but  I  am  not  aware  that  buoys  specially  pro¬ 
vided  have  ever  been  arranged  and  connected  with  a  vessel  or  any¬ 
thing  within  it  so  as  to  remain  so  connected,  and  give  out  the  connecting 
cord  to  remain  on  the  surface  of  the  water  as  the  vessel  sinks,  to  indi¬ 
cate  its  locality,  and  afford  the  means  of  forming  the  necessary  connec¬ 
tion  for  raising  the  vessel,  &c.,  to  the  surface  ;  and  therefore  I  do  not 


VII. — NAVIGATION. 


613 


claim,  broadly,  the  use  of  floats  to  indicate  the  locality  of  sunken 
vessels. 

I  do  not  wish  to  be  understood  as  limiting  myself  to  the  special  con¬ 
struction  of  the  buoys,  nor  to  the  special  manner  of  arranging  the  cord 
which  forms  the  connection  between  the  buoy  and  the  socket  or  the 
hose,  nor  to  the  special  mode  of  attaching  the  socket  to  the  vessel  or 
safe,  nor  to  the  mode  of  making  the  flexible  bags  or  camels  and  hose, 
nor  to  the  special  construction  of  the  grapple,  as  all  these  may  be  varied 
without  changing  the  character  of  my  invention. 

I  claim  the  mode  of  operation  for  indicating  the  locality  of  sunken 
vessels  by  means  of  a  buoy  or  buoys,  connected  and  combined  with 
the  vessel  by  means  of  a  cord  or  cords,  or  the  equivalent  therefor, 
attached  to  the  buoy,  and  a  windlass  or  equivalent  thereof,  and  con¬ 
nected  with  the  vessel,  or  some  valuable  within  the  same. 

I  also  claim  the  mode  of  operation  for  connecting  cables  or  chains 
with  sunken  vessels  or  articles  therein  by  means  of  the  socket,  or  any 
equivalent  therefor,  operated  by  the  buoy-cord,  substantially  in  the 
manner  described. 


No.  12,436. — Henry  V.  Corbett. — Improved  Mode  of  Raising  Sunken 

Vessels . — Patented  February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  139.) 

A  hook  a  is  attached  to  the  bottom  of  the  buoy  B  of  sufficient  strength 
to  hold  the  buoy  to  the  vessel,  and  on  the  opposite  side  there  is  at¬ 
tached  another  hook  b,  to  which  is  fastened  the  weight  W  by  a  hole  h , 
to  the  top  of  which  weight  is  attached  a  hawser.  The  weight  carries 
the  buo}7  down,  it  being  guided  by  the  guy-lines  attached  at  g  g; 
when  arrived  at  the  bottom  the  buoy  is  to  fasten  itself  to  the  guards  or 
other  part  of  the  sunken  vessel,  which  is  to  be  facilitated  by  gently 
raising  the  weight.  The  weight  is  then  drawn  up 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  mode  of  raising  sunken  ves¬ 
sels  by  the  use  of  casks  filled  with  water,  which  is  to  be  pumped  out 
after  the  casks  are  attached  to  the  vessels. 

Nor  do  I  claim  the  mode  of  so  doing  by  means  of  expansive  buoys, 
which  obtain  their  bouyant  power  by  inflation  after  they  are  sunk  and 
attached  to  the  vessel. 

But  I  claim  the  mode  of  raising  sunken  vessels  by  means  of  casks  or 
buoys,  previously  filled  with  air  and  sunk  by  a  weight,  which  is  readily 
detached  and  raised  to  the  surface  after  the  buoy  is  secured  to  the 
vessel,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,458. — Alexander  Kirkwood. — Method  of  Pumping  Water  out 
of  Vessels. — Patented  February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  140.) 

The  box  ABC  (open  at  the  bottom)  is  fitted  to  the  bottom  of  the 
vessel,  and  its  inside  communicates  with  the  wrnter  in  the  vessel  by  an 
opening  a  a  ;  from  F  upwards  extends  the  pumping  cylinder  G;  the 
part  O' of  the  box  communicates  with  the  water  outside  the  vessel  by 
means  of  a  hole  through  the  bottom  ot  the  vessel.  The  action  of  the 
pump  will  draw  the  water  in  at  a  through  valve-opening  D,  and  force  it 


614 


VII. — NAVIGATION. 


out  through  valve-opening  E,  space  C,  and  out  of  the  hole  in  the  bottom 
of  the  vessel.  Figure  1  is  a  side  view,  and  figure  2  a  bottom  view  of 
the  pump. 

Claim . — The  attachment  of  the  described  pump,  or  of  any  ordinary 
force-pump,  to  the  bottom  of  a  vessel,  so  as  to  force  water  out  at  her 
bottom,  thereby  avoiding  the  labor  and  expense  of  raising  the  water 
above  the  level  of  the  water  the  vessel  floats  in. 


No.  12,506. — Elmer  Foster. — Improvement  in  Hoop-Jacks  for  Sailing- 

Vessels. — Patented  March  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  140.) 

1  is  the  circular  space  occupied  by  the  mast ;  A  the  space  for  the 
lower  throat-halyard  block ;  5  the  rollers  forward  and  aft  of  the  mast, 
to  prevent  the  jack  from  binding,  and  to  play  or  run  on  the  mast ;  6 
the  line  to  which  the  hoops  are  to  be  seized,  as  they  are  in  length  on 
the  mast-rope  of  the  sail,  that  the  forward  part  of  the  hoops  may  be 
lifted  or  hoisted  with  the  after  part  horizontally  and  at  the  same  mo¬ 
ment.  This  hoop-line  is  connected  with  the  band  by  a  clevis  hung  on 
the  forward  bolt  3,  to  which  it  is  properly  rigged  ;  7  is  the  brace-line 
and  hook  connected  to  the  after  screw-bolt  3,  which  prevents  the  hal¬ 
yards  from  binding  against  the  edges  of  the  block,  by  keeping  the  block 
perpendicular  while  being  hoisted ;  8  is  the  clevis,  to  put  the  weight 
near  the  end  of  the  bolts  to  prevent  them  from  bending. 

Claim . — The  arrangement  of  the  hoop-jack,  with  the  lower  halyard- 
block,  the  brace-line,  clevis  and  gaft-hook,  clevis  and  hoop-line  extend¬ 
ing  down  to  the  foot  of  the  mast  and  connected  to  each  sail-loop,  as  set 
forth. 


No.  13,006. — William  R.  Jackson.  Improvement  in  Floating  Cabins 
for  Steam  and  ot'ier  Vessels. — Patented  June  5,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 

140.) 

By  removing  the  chain  connection  between  the  hooks  a  and  the  rods 
f  passing  up  through  the  deck-timbers  the  cabin  will  be  detached  from 
the  deck,  and  by  means  of  raising  the  beams  A  (as  indicated  by  dotted 
lines)  can  be  launched.  The  cabin  is  made  sufficiently  strong  and 
water-proof,  to  serve  as  a  life-boat. 

I  claim  the  construction  of  a  deck  or  saloon  cabin  of  a  steam  or  other 
vessel,  substantially  as  described,  so  that  it  shall  admit  of  being  separ¬ 
ated  from  the  hull,  and  form  in  itself  an  escape  or  life-boat,  as  set 
forth. 


No.  13,030. — Elisha  Fitzgerald. — Improvement  in  Buoys  for  Raising 

Sunken  Veesels. — Patented  June  12,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  140.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

I  claim  the  attachment  to  die  air-bag  A  of  an  escape-valve  (figure  4) 
B  c,  to  prevent  its  bursting  when,  in  consequence  of  the  rising  of  the 
sunken  ship,  the  pressure  of  the  water  around  the  bag  is  partially  re¬ 
lieved,  in  the  manner  substantially  as  described 


VHI. — MATHEMATICAL  INSTRUMENTS,  ETC. 


015 


VIII.— MATHEMATICAL  INSTRUMENTS,  ETC. 


No.  13,800. — NathanielS.  Saxton. — Improvement  in  Machines  for  Add¬ 
ing  Numbers. — Patented  November  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  141.) 

The  numbers  fromO  till  1750  are  marked  in  a  spiral  line  on  the  face¬ 
plate,  as  indicated  by  the  dotted  spiral  line  in  fig.  1.  The  marginal 
index  on  the  rear  side  of  the  instrument  consists  of  the  numbers  from 
0  till  100,  on  a  circle  as  indicated  in  fig.  2.  To  add,  for  instance, 
32-f-20-f  9,  the  finger  is  to  be  placed  on  the  prominence  at  32  with  O 
in  the  opening  for  reading,  and  the  notched  wheel  B  is  to  be  rotated  in 
the  direction  30,  20,  &c.,  until  the  finger  fetches  up  at  letter  O.  32 
is  thus  added,  and  takes  the  place  of  O  in  the  opening  ;  then  the  finger 
is  to  be  placed  on  the  prominence  at  20,  rotated  as  before,  and  the  sum 
of  32-f  20,  i.  e.  52,  appears  in  the  opening  just  on  the  left  of  the  gnomon 
G.  Hence,  to  add  an}^  number  requires  merely  the  rotation  of  the 
notched  wheel  in  a  direction  retrogressive  to  the  numbers  of  the  mar¬ 
ginal  index  from  the  number  to  be  added  to  O.  After  each  addition, 
the  sum  of  all  the  numbers  added  stands  in  the  opening  just  on  the 
left  of  the  gnomon.  The  movement  of  the  gnomon  is  greater  than  to 
coincide  with  the  numbers  less  than  1000,  so  that  when  the  sum  is  900, 
a  part  of  1000  appears  ;  but  these  parts  of  numbers  are  not  to  be  no¬ 
ticed  in  reading. 

The  inventor  says :  The  retrograde  motion  of  wheel  No.  1  may,  in 
some  cases,  be  performed  by  a  weight  or  spring;  but  that  part  is  not 
claimed  to  be  patented. 

I  claim  in  machines  for  adding  numbers  the  spiral  scale  of  numbers, 
combined  with  the  traversing  gnomon,  substantially  in  the  manner  and 
for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

No.  13,623.— E.  K.  Reynolds.— Clock-Escapement.— Patented  October 

2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  141.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings.  D  is  the  balance  and  A  the  escapement-wheel,  and 
B  the  crutch. 

Claim. — Constructing  the  staff  d  of  the  balance  with  a  spiral  groove 
e,  and  so  arranging  the  balance  that  the  point  of  the  lever  c  will  work  in 
the  said  groove,  and  give  the  requisite  motion  to  the  balance,  substan¬ 
tially  as  described. 

No.  13,341. — Jno.  Williams. — Improvement  in  Calendar-Clocks.  Pat¬ 
ented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  141.) 

A  receives  a  continuous  rotary  motion,  completing  its  revolution  once 
in  a  day;  wheel  B  carries  the  hand  indicating  the  day  of  the  month, 
and  has  thirty-one  teeth  on  its  periphery,  and  is  moved  one  tooth  every 
day  by  pin  a  on  disc  C  secured  to  wheel  A,  and  is  prevented  from 


616 


VIII. — -MATHEMATICAL  INSTRUMENTS,  ETC. 


moving  more  than  one  tooth  by  spring-roller  pawl p  engaging  with  its 
teeth.  The  above  movement  completes  the  revolution  of  wheel  B  in 
each  month  of  thirty-one  days  ;  but  at  the  termination  of  the  shorter 
months  the  said  wheel  has  not  completed  its  revolution  by  so  many 
teeth  as  the  number  of  days  of  the  month  is  less  than  thirty-one.  In 
order  to  bring  the  hand  to  the  first  day  of  the  month  (on  the  dial)  after 
the  lapse  of  a  short  month,  the  following  means  are  employed:  1,  2,  3 
are  three  sliding  teeth  attached  to  the  front  face  of  wheel  B,  and 
three  pins  a 1  a 2  a 3  are  secured  on  disc  C.  The  teeth  1,  2,  3  are  at¬ 
tached  to  arms  b1  b2  bs,  which  are  pivoted  to  wheel  B  in  such  a  man¬ 
ner  that  the  teeth  can  severally  be  tnrown  outwards  so  as  to  gear  with 
a1  a 2  ora3.  For  this  latter  purpose  there  are  arranged  four  pins  k  ;  one 
of  which,  during  February,  is  caused  by  the  movement  of  D  on  the 
arbor  of  B  to  come  in  contact  with,  throw  out,  and  hold  the  sliding- 
tooth  2  to  its  operative  position,  so  that  at  the  termination  of  the  month, 
when  it  arrives  opposite  the  disc  B,  it  will  be  acted  upon  by  one  of  the 
pins  a1  a 2  as  of  said  disc.  The  next  backward  movement  of  wheel  D, 
which  takes  place  some  time  in  March,  causes  the  pin  k  to  pass  tooth 
2,  and  allow  it  to  be  thrown  back  by  its  spring  c2,  where  it  remains  in¬ 
operative  till  February  of  the  next  year.  Near  three  of  these  pins  k 
are  three  pins  Z,  but  near  the  fourth  there  is  none.  One  of  the  pins  l, 
during  the  February  of  every  year  except  leap  year,  comes  into  opera¬ 
tion  on  the  sliding-tooth  3  simultaneously  with  the  action  of  its  con¬ 
tiguous  tooth  k  upon  the  sliding-tooth  2  ;  but  during  leap  year  the  tooth 
3  remains  inoperative,  owing  to  the  absence,  near  that  pm  k,  which  acts 
during  leap  year,  of  a  pin  l  to  throw  it  outwards. 

The  inventor  says :  I  claim  completing  the  revolution  of  the  wheel 
B,  at  the  end  of  the  shorter  months,  by  means  of  sliding-teeth  1,2,  3, 
which  are  suitably  attached  to  the  said  wheel,  and  severally  or  collect¬ 
ively,  as  required,  brought  into  such  positions  as  to  enable  them  to  be 
acted  upon  by  the  teeth  on  the  daily  revolving  wheel  A  by  means  of 
the  “ four-year  wheel ”  D,  which  is  on  the  same  arbor  as,  but  independ¬ 
ent  of,  the  wheel  B,  the  said  wheel  D  acting  upon  the  said  sliding- 
teeth  by  means  of  its  forty-eight  projecting  and  receding  divisions,  and 
by  pins  or  teeth  arranged  upon  it,  as  described,  and  being  for  that  pur¬ 
pose  moved  one  forty-eighth  part  of  a  revolution,  independently  of  the 
wheel  B,  for  every  revolution  of  the  said  wheel  B,  substantially  as  set 
forth. 

But  I  do  not  claim  the  method  of  giving  motion  to  the  wheel  D,  as 
that  has  been  before  employed  for  a  similar  purpose. 


No.  13,993. — Henry  M.  Parkhurst. — Improvement  in  Proportional 
Dividers. — Patented  December  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  141.) 

In  this  proportional  divider  the  secondary  legs  C  C1  can,  when  the 
primary  legs  A  A1  are  closed,  be  turned  through  a  space  of  about  180°, 
and  their  points  will  remain  accurately  together ;  and  if  the  secondary 
legs  be  placed  together  at  any  angle  with  the  primary  legs,  their  point's 
will  always  maintain  the  same  proportional  distance,  whatever  may  be 
the  opening  of  the  primary  legs.  The  ratio  will  always  be  that  of  c  d , 


Vin. — MATHEMATICAL  INSTRUMENTS,  ETC.  617 

e  f ;  c  f  being  the  effective  length  of  the  primary  legs,  and  c  d  the  dis¬ 
tance  from  the  primary  joint  of  the  point  in  the  primary  by-cut,  by  a 
perpendicular  from  the  point  of  the  secondary  leg,  as  illustrated.  The 
pointer  E  indicates  the  distance  on  the  scale  F  that  the  secondary  legs 
are  moved,  and  thus  they  can  be  set  to  give  the  desired  proportional 
length. 

Claim . — Providing  an  ordinary  pair  of  dividers  with  the  secondary 
legs,  which  have  their  joints  equi-distant  from  the  primary  joint,  and 
at  right-angles  thereto,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,855. — Charles  T.  Chester. — Improvement  in  Connecting 

Clamps  for  the  Plates  of  Galvanic  Batteries. — Patented  May  15,  1S55. 

(Plates,  p.  141.) 

Figure  1  represents  a  top  view,  and  figure  2  a  perspective  view. 
The  clamp  C1  C2  is  used  to  insert  a  duplicate  plate  in  the  battery  fluid, 
while  the  other  is  removed.  .  Thus  C1  is  placed  upon  the  insulating 
rod  A,  (as  shown  in  dotted  lines  in  figure  1,)  and  held  in  that  position 
by  screw  e,  while  the  auxiliary  zinc-plate  Z2  is  screwed  into  clamp  C2 
so  as  to  dip  into  the  same  acid  into  which  Z  dips.  Z  is  then  removed  or 
again  replaced,  and  the  battery  current  will  not  have  been  disturbed. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  herein  described  for  fastening  and  con¬ 
necting  the  battery-plates,  viz  :  Clamps  B,  of  brass  or  such  other  metal 
as  will  alike  answer  the  purpose  of  the  arrangement,  attached  to  the  in¬ 
sulating  bar  A  of  wood,  commonly  used  in  Smee’s  battery,  in  such 
manner  that  the  battery-plates  Z  P  clamped  to  them  shall  be  separate 
from  the  wooden  bar,  and  the  solution  be  prevented  from  finding  its 
way  by  capillary  attraction  to  the  wood,  and  which  shall  by  their  form 
allow  of  an  easy  removal  and  replacement  of  each  separate  plate, 
without  the  disturbance  of  any  other  part  of  the  battery  arrangement, 
as  herein  above  set  forth. 


No.  13,560. — Amos  Abbott. — Improvement  in  Horometers. — Patented 

September  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  141.) 

« 

The  arc  of  the  circle  A  B  C  D  is  divided  into  degrees  and  half  de¬ 
grees,  numbering'from  the  point  C,  which  represents  the  north  pole. 
On  one  side  of  zero  is  written  “  south  declination,”  on  the  other  “  north 
declination,”  corresponding  to  the  declination.  The  polar  distance  also 
is  marked  on  the  same  arc  with  90°  at  the  point  C.  From  the  centre 
O  a  right  line  is  drawn  to  the  point  B.  It  represents  the  equator,  and 
it  is  divided  into  a  scale  of  a  hundred  equal  parts.  Parallel  to  this  line 
are  drawn  right  lines,  as  many  as  may  be  necessary,  from  the  division 
of  degrees  on  the  arc,  cutting  the  line  O  C  at  right-angles,  and  extend¬ 
ing  to  the  line  A  D.  These  lines  are  projections  of  altitude,  and  are 
numbered  on  the  line  O  C,  and  also  on  A  D.  Across  these  lines  of  alti¬ 
tude,  on  each  side  of  the  line  O  C,  are  drawn  a  horizontal  projection 
ofiines  of  longitude  as  far  as  is  necessary.  These  lines  can  be  pro¬ 
jected  by  measuring  off  the  distance  from  the  line  O  C  of  the  several 
points  of  the  line  on  the  lines  of  altitude,  and  then  drawing  a  line  through 
the  several  points.  The  distance  of  any  point  of  the  line  of  longitude 


618 


ym. — MATHEMATICAL  INSTRUMENTS,  ETC. 


from  line  O  C  may  be  found  by  the  following  formula,  radius  being 
one:  line  of  longitude  X  cosine  latitude  =  distance  from  line  O  C  on 
the  given  latitude.  The  arm  O  K  turns  on  the  centre  O,  and  extends 
to  the  arc  of  the  circle,  on  the  end  of  which  is  a  vernier:  this  arm  has 
a  straight  edge  on  a  line  with  the  centre,  around  which  it  turns.  Accom¬ 
panying  the  instrument  is  a  horse-shoe  magnet  E  F  G,  with  a  scale  of 
cosines  or  coaltitudes  on  one  side  for  measuring  angular  distances  com¬ 
pensating  for  refraction,  and  on  the  other  side  a  scale  of  equal  parts 
H  J. 

For  example,  to  find  the  time  of  day  by  the  altitude  of  the  sun  is  a  case 
where  three  sides  of  a  triangle,  viz :  polar  distance,  coaltitude  of  the 
sun,  and  the  coaltitude  of  the  place  of  observation,  are  given  to  find  the 
angle  at  the  pole,  which  angle,  turned  into  time,  gives  the  time  from 
apparent  noon.  The  way  to  find  this  by  means  of  the  instrument  is 
to  set  the  zero  of  arm  O  K  at  the  polar  distance  for  the  given  time,  and 
slide  the  scale  of  coaltitudes  along  the  straight  edge  of  the  arm,  and  at 
right-angles  to  it,  till  the  coaltitude  of  the  sun  on  the  scale  meets  the 
latitude  of  the  place  of  observation.  The  degree  of  longitude  crossing 
the  latitude  at  that  point  will  be  the  angle  required;  and  where  the 
straight  edge  of  the  arm  crosses  the  latitude  of  the  place,  will  be  the 
time  of  the  rising  and  setting  of  the  sun,  for  it  represents  the  line  of 
illumination  when  the  sun  is  at  the  given  polar  distance. 

I  do  not  claim  the  invention  of  any  part  of  the  apparatus  connected 
with  the  instrument  for  the  purpose  of  taking  altitudes  of  objects,  or  of 
solving  of  problems  in  plane  trigonometry;  nor  the  tables  on  the  back 
of  the  instrument;  nor  the  projection  of  any  of  the  lines  as  such. 

But  I  claim  an  instrument  upon  which  are  delineated  projections  of 
latitude  and  longitude  within  an  arc  of  a  circle,  combined  with  the  arm 
O  K  and  scale  F  G,  or  their  equivalent,  substantially  in  the  manner 
described,  for  the  purpose  of  solving  useful  problems  in  spherical  tri¬ 
gonometry,  as  above  mentioned,  without  the  usual  mathematical  calci> 
lations. 

I  also  claim  the  employment,  in  mathematical  instruments,  of  mag¬ 
netism,  to  keep  a  slide  at  right-angles,  or  any  given  angle  to  a  straight 
edge,  and  at  the  same  time  allowing  it  to  slide  freely  upon  the  straight 
edge,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,584. — John  Stinson. — Improved  Instrument  for  Determining 

Latitude  and  Longitude. — Patented  September  18,  1855.  (Plates, 

p.  166.) 

For  observing  a  longitude,  (observation  supposed  to  be  taken  from 
the  stars,)  the  handle  B  is  taken  from  the  hook  P,  and  the  face  of  the 
circle  is  pointed  to  the  polar  star  until  the  sight  is  taken  at  the  angle  of 
the  cross-arm  G  and  the  angle  at  the  hub  for  the  purpose  of  getting  the 
meridian ;  then  the  circle  is  turned  until  the  arm  G  draws  a  parallel 
from  the  pole  star  to  the  star  in  Ursa  Minor  which  is  nearest  the  pole 
star ;  and  when  that  is  obtained,  the  thumb-screw  S  is  fastened  to  maim 
tain  that  bearing.  Figure  4  shows  the  manner  of  elevating  the  instru¬ 
ment.  To  get  the  latitude  the  tube  R  is  directed  to  the  polar  star.  To 


Yin. — MATHEMATICAL  INSTRUMENTS,  ETC. 


619 


get  the  latitude  and  iongitude  by  the  sun,  the  altitude  of  the  sun  is  ob¬ 
tained  by  turning  the  circle  until  the  sun  shines  through  the  tube  R. 
This  is  known  by  the  ray  falling  upon,  the  hand  or  any  plate  held  at 
the  periphery  of  the  circle. 

E  is  a  surveyor’s  compass. 

Claim. — The  use  of  the  circle  C,  with  its  shaft  or  handle,  provided 
with  the  cross-piece  G  and  the  cross-piece  H,  or  their  equivalent ;  the 
whole  being  suspended  from,  at,  or  near  the  centre  of  the  circle,  by 
means  of  the  plumb-wire  and  rod  1  ;  which  rod  is  jointed  so  as  to  move 
freely  in  the  plane  passing  through  the  axis  of  the  circle,  the  whole 
being  for  the  purpose  above  described. 


No.  12,3S4. — Hampton  W.  Evans. — Improvement  in  Spirit-Levels . 

Patented  February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  166.) 

This  level  can  be  used  for  levelling,  plumbing,  grading,  and  batter¬ 
ing — L  P  G  and  B.  By  turning  letter  L  towards  the  spring-catch  H  it 
will  be  set  for  a  level,  and  the  screw  g  at  L  is  used  to  adjust  the  level ; 
by  turning  the  screw  once  round,  the  crescent-shaped  catch  E  (with 
the  points  turned  up  to  fit  in  a  V-shaped  groove  c  on  the  under  side  of 
the  revolving  plate)  is  loosened,  and  is  held  in  its  place  by  a  rug/,  into 
which  the  screw  forces  and  holds  the  catch-block  permanently.  When 
P  is  turned  next  to  the  spring-catch,  it  is  then  set  for  a  plumb-rule,  and 
is  adjusted  by  the  screw  g  at  P,  in  the  same  manner  as  already  de¬ 
scribed  and  set  forth,  etc. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  disc-plate,  or  conic  centre, 
upon  which  it  revolves,  as  new  ;  but,  in  connexion  therewith,  I  claim  the 
crescent- shaped  sliding  or  adjustable  stops  and  spring-catch,  in  combi¬ 
nation  with  the  grooved  disc  and  set-screws,  or  their  mechanical 
equivalents,  the  whole  being  arranged  and  constructed  in  the  manner 
and  for  the  purpose  described. 


No.  13,162. — Robert  D.  Dwyer. — Improvement  in  Attachments  for 

Lightning-Rods. — Patented  July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  166.) 

The  lightning-rod  is  passed  through  the  holes  g  g  and  notch  d,  when 
the  respective  parts  of  the  rod-holder  (e  i  f  and  A)  will  be  securely 
fastened  together,  and  the  rod  be  securely  fastened  to  them. 

Claim . — Constructing  a  lightning-rod  holder  of  but  two  parts,  of  such 
a  form  that  the  lightning-rod  will  connect  them  to  each  other,  at  the 
same  time  that  it  combines  itself  securely  with  them,  substantially  as 
represented  and  set  forth. 


No.  13,833. — Louis  Young. — Improvement  in  Revolving  Measuring- 
Wheels. — Patented  November  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  166.) 

To  use  this  revolving  measure,  the  wheel  a  has  to  be  turned  so  that 
the  pointer  g,  attached  to  the  casing  A,  corresponds  with  the  division 
marked  zero  on  said  wheel;  then  the  cover  w  has  to  be  opened,  and 


<620  VIII. — MATHEMATICAL  INSTRUMENTS,  ETC. 

the  wheel  B  to  be  turned  until  the  division  marked  zero  thereon  cor¬ 
responds  with  the  lower  edge  of  opening  C,  in  the  side  of  casing 
A.  Then  the  instrument  is  to  be  placed  upon  the  substance  to  be 
measured,  so  that  division  zero  of  wheel  a  comes  to  the  edge  of  the 
substance ;  and  the  instrument  is  then  rolled  over  the  same,  when  the 
measure  can  be  read  off  the  wheel  B,  through  opening  C.  The  count- 
wheel  B  is  turned  one  tooth  in  each  revolution  of  wheel  a,  by  means 
of  pawl  m,  cross-head  d,  and  connecting-rod  n,  one  end  of  which  latter 
is  pivoted  eccentrically  to  the  outer  end  of  shaft  h. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  manner  of  transmitting  tile 
motion  from  the  measuring-wheel  a  to  the  counting-wheel  B,  but 
I  claim  .the  arrangement  of  the  box  containing  the  count-wheel  B, 
in  connexion  with  the  stock  carrying  the  measuring- wheel  a,  in  such  a 
manner  that  said  box  is  made  to  serve  as  a  convenient  handle  for  work¬ 
ing  the  instrument. 


No.  13,603, — Robert  B.  Tolles. — Improvement  in  Optical  Instruments » 

— Patented  September  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  166.) 

The  piece  of  glass  B,  (of  refractive  index  1.50,)  of  one  inch  in  length 
and  of  slightly  conical  form,  has  convex  ends,  the  convexity  of  the 
smaller  end  corresponding  to  a  radius  of  0.44  inch,  and  of  the  larger 
end  to  a  radius  of  0.55  inch.  By  placing  this  solid,  transparent  piece 
at  a  proper  distance  within  the  focus  of  any  object-glass,  it  will  act  as 
a  negative  eye-piece,  the  two  refiracting  surfaces  acting  as  two  equiva¬ 
lent  separate  lenses  with  a  focus  formed  between. 

The  inventor  says :  1  do  not  claim  the  invention  of  a  solid  optical 
piece  consisting  of  two  exterior  refracting  surfaces,  when  such  surfaces 
operate  as  a  single  lens  of  greater  or  less  thickness. 

But  I  claim  the  construction  of  a  solid  optical  piece,  the  exterior  re¬ 
fracting  surfaces  of  which  shall  produce  the  effect  of  two  equivalent 
lenses,  said  surfaces  being  at  such  a  distance  from  each  other  as  shall 
form  a  focus  or  image  within  the  solid  transparent  substance,  thereby 
suppressing  two  refracting  surfaces,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,451. — John  C.  Briggs. — Improvement  in  the  Application  of  the 

Conical  Pendulum  to  Time-keepers.— -Patented  August  21,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  166.) 

This  pendulum  oscillates  in  a  circle  or  ellipse,  its  motion  being  kept 
up  by  the  spindle  B,  coming  up  from  below  within  the  circumference 
described  by  the  pendulum  ball  A  suspended  from  standard  C. 

Claim . — The  application  to  clocks,  time-pieces,  or  other  machinery, 
as  a  regulator,  of  a  rotary  or  conical  pendulum,  the  rod  of  which  is 
flexible,  and  attached  at  its  upper  end  to  a  fixed  point  above,  and 
without  the  described  cone,  and  extending  only  below  the  point  of 
support,  the  pendulum  to  be  kept  in  motion  by  a  spindle  coming  up 
from  below,  substantially  as  described. 


VIII. — MATHEMATICAL  INSTRUMENTS,  ETC.  621 

No.  12,196. — Aaron  D.  Crane. — Improvement  in  Torsion  Pendulums  for 
Time-Pieces. — Patented  January  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  166.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  is  apparent  from  the  engravings. 
Claim. — The  method  of  compensating  the  torsion  pendulum,  by  so 
constructing  it,  substantially  as  herein  set  torth,  as  that  its  weights  may 
swing  from  the  centre  of  their  motion  in  the  ratio  of  the  increase  of  then- 
speed,  thus  making  all  its  vibrations  isochronal. 


No.  IS, 615. — Bernard  Goetz. — Improvement  in  Corrugated  Reflectors. — 

Patented  October  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  143.) 

The  silver-plated  corrugated  plate  A  B  is  set  in  a  casing  O  W  of 
wood  or  other  material,  and  covered  in  front  by  a  sheet  of  glass  S, 
plain  or  fluted.  This  reflector  is  placed  on  the  outside  of  a  window 
(of  a  room  darkened  by  the  contiguity  of  buildings  or  other  cause),  at  an 
angle  of  45°  or  other  suitable  angle,  so  as  to  throw  the  rays  of  light 
from  above  into  the  room. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  desire  to  claim  reflectors  generally  to 
thrown  light  into  darkened  rooms,  or  such  as  have  been  used  for  lamps. 

But  I  claim  a  reflector  A  B  having  the  peculiar  form  of  grooved  or 
fluted  undulating  surface  above  described,  and  the  converging  grooves 
a  bed ,  &c.,  a1  b 1  c1  d1,  &c.,  and  crossed  transversely  by  the  other 
series  of  parallel  grooves  t  u  v  w,  & c.,  t1  u1  v1  wl,  &c.,  on  plate  I  I,  in 
the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,929. — Leroy  S.  White  and  Lewis  White. — Improvement  in 

Telegraphic  Key  Apparatus. — Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates, 

p.  143.) 

A,  wooden  frame;  c  c  c1  c1  metallic  posts,  positive  and  negative 
wires  being  connected  with  the  posts  c1  cl ;  D  and  E  wooden  bars,  the 
latter  being  embraced  by  a  metallic  saddle  F,  which  extends  between 
each  two  "posts ;  G  metallic  bar  connecting  the  saddles,,  it  being 
attached  to  one  and  insulated  from  the  other,  which  is  electrically  con¬ 
nected  with  rods  L  L,  the  saddle-bars  being  respectively  electrically 
connected  with  the  two  positive  and  negative  wires  of  the  battery ;  x 
insulator  between  G  and  one  of  bars  F  ;  H  vertically  sliding  keys;  a 1 
metallic  key- bar  supported  by  spring  61,  the  hole  in  bar  G,  through 
which  the  key-bar  slides,  being  sufficiently  large  not  to  permit  the  key- 
rod  to  come  in  contact  with  the  bar  ;  K  friction  slider  sliding  on  the 
key-bar  with  sufficient  friction  to  cause  the  key,  not  only  when  moving 
downwards,  to  press  and  keep  it  against  bar  G,  but  also,  when  moving 
upwards,  to  raise  it  from  bar  G  and  carry  and  keep  it  in  contact  with 
bar  I),  the  slider  being  made  vertically  of  a  width  less  than  the  distance 
between  G  and  D,  while  its  length  is  such  as  to  entirely  straddle  the 
hole  in  G  and  rest  on  said  bar  G,  when  it  (the  slider)  is  forced  down¬ 
wards.  By  this  friction  slider  the  electric  connection  between  the  key 
and  bar  G  will  be  alternately  closed  and  broken.  The  lower  end  of 


622 


Vm. — MATHEMATICAL  INSTRUMENTS,  ETC. 


the  key -bar  is  provided  with  strips  of  ivory,  the  lowest  strip  having  a 
notch  into  which  spring  O  falls  when  the  key-bar  has  arrived  at  it3 
highest  position.  Spring  O  extends  from  metallic  rod  L,  which  latter 
is  at  one  end  supported  by  an  insulating  post  M,  while  its  other  end 
has  a  metallic  connection  N  with  saddle-bars  F.  The  edge  of  spring 
O  works  against  the  side  of  the  lower  part  of  key-bar  a 1  ;  and  while  it 
is  in  contact  with  one  of  the  ivory  strips,  the  electric  current  will  be 
broken,  but  when  in  contact  with  the  metal,  it  will  be  closed.  The  re¬ 
lative  lengths  of  the  ivory  strips  and  the  metal  between  them  serve  to 
produce  a  character  indicative  of  a  letter  of  the  alphabet,  as  in^other 
telegraphic  registers. 

The  inventors  say :  We  are  aware  that  it  is  not  new  to  close  and 
break  an  electric  circuit  by  means  of  a  moving  piece  of  metal,  having 
strips  of  ivory  or  other  electro  non-conducting  material  inserted  within 
it,  and  made  to  operate  against  a  metallic  spring  connected  with  one 
pole  of  an  electric  battery,  while  the  said  moving  piece  of  metal  is 
connected  with  the  other  pole  thereof;  therefore,  we  do  not  claim  such 
to  be  our  invention,  but  we  do  claim ,  in  combination  with  a  sliding-key 
circuit  breaker  of  such  description,  a  friction  slider,  a  metallic  bar  G, 
and  an  insulated  stop-bar  D,  or  the  equivalent  thereof,  the  whole  being 
made  to  operate  together,  substantially  as  specified. 


No.  13,389. — John  N.  Game  well. — Improvement  in  Apparatus  for  Dis¬ 
charging  Atmospheric  Electricity  from  Telegraph  Wires . — Patented 
August  7, 1855;  patented  in  England,  September  15,  1854.  (Plates, 
p.  143.) 

The  train  of  wires  D  passing  over  ivory  studs  c  d  forms  part  of  the 
main  circuit.  This  wire  is  composed  of  long  pieces  ef  of  inferior  con¬ 
ductor  (for  instance  iron)  represented  in  strong  broken  lines,  and  of 
short  pieces  f  h  (represented  in  strong  full  lines)  of  superior  conductor 
(for  instance  copper).  The  short  pieces  terminate  in  points  h;  i  is  the 
usual  main  wire  entering  the  office;  the  other  end  connects  with  one 
end  of  a  thin  sheet  of  platina,  from  whose  other  end  a  fine  platina  wire 
leads  to  the  magnet.  The  points  h  are  in  close  proximity  (but  without 
touching)  to  the  points  l  of  a  series  of  superior  conducting  wires  sol¬ 
dered  to  a  copper  trough  E,  to  the  bottom  of  which  trough  copper 
wires  m  are  attached  which  enter  the  ground.  On  opposite  sides  and 
at  a  short  distance  from  the  platina  plate  j  are  placed  two  copper 
plates  n  n,  insulated  by  brackets  o,  which  carry  them  and  the  platina 
plate.  These  copper  plates  are  studded  all  over  their  inner  faces  with 
points  p  of  superior  conducting  metal,  which  are  in  close  proximity  to 
the  platina  plates,  and  they  are  connected  with  the  trough  by  copper 
wires  q,  which  are  of  such  form  as  to  yield  when  the  boards  A  B  are 
adjusted  by  the  screws  C. 

The  principle  upon  which  this  apparatus  is  constructed  is,  that 
atmospheric  electricity  will  leap  from  one  conductor  to  another,  but 
that  a  galvanic  current  such  as  used  in  the  working  of  the  telegraph 
will  not  pass  through  the  smallest  space  without  a  continuous  conduc- 
tor. 


Vm. — MATHEMATICAL  INSTRUMENTS,  ETC.  623 

The  points  l  andp,  the  trough  E,  plates  n,  and  wires  q  and  m,  serve 
to  discharge  the  atmospheric  electricity.  The  points  h  and  l  are  to  be 
set  in  the  closest  proximity  without  touching  during  a  highly  electric 
state  of  the  atmosphere. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  use  of  discharging  points  con¬ 
nected  with  the  ground  to  carry  off  atmospheric  electricity. 

I  claim  the  method  of  obstructing  the  passage  of  atmospheric  elec¬ 
tricity  along  the  line  from  one  discharging  point  to  another,  or  their 
equivalents  provided  for  a  similar  purpose,  by  reducing  the  capacity 
of  the  conductor  forming  said  line  at  and  immediately  after  its  junction 
with 'said  discharging  points  h  h ,  whether  that  reduction  consists  in  the 
employment  of  one  inferior  conducting  material  or  in  reducing  the 
dimensions  of  the  conductor,  as  set  forth,  or  any  other  equivalent  method 
of  reducing  the  conducting  capacity  of  those  parts  of  the  line,  thereby 
forcing  the  discharge  of  the  atmospheric  electricity  from  the  points  h  A, 
as  described. 


No.  13,519. — Alexander  Boyd. — Improvement  in  Telegraphic  Tide- 

Gauges . — Patented  September  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  143.) 

As  the  tide  rises,  the  float  C  (not  shown  in  the  engravings)  attached 
to  the  lower  end  of  cord  e  is  raised,  and  weight  H  rotates  shaft  G  and 
moves  the  endless  cord  v  around  the  pulleys  pp;  the  pieces  moves 
with  the  cord  and  removes  one  of  the  slides  k  (turning  on  pivots  l )  from 
its  glass  j  in  consequence  of  its  striking  projection  m  on  the  lower  end 
of  slide  k.  A  colored  light  is  thereby  shown,  which  is  intended  to  indi¬ 
cate  a  certain  depth  of  water — for  instance,  one  foot.  As  the  float  rises 
the  next  slide  will  be  opened,  indicating  a  depth  of  two  feet,  and  so  on. 
As  the  tide  falls  the  piece  s  moves  back  and  obscures  the  lights  one 
after  the  other. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  empk^ment  of  a  float  and 
weight  for  indicating  the  height  of  water  in  channels  and  passages, 
irrespective  of  the  mechanism  shown  for  transmitting  motion  to  the 
slides  by  which  the  lights  are  obscured  and  exposed,  for  they  have 
been  previously  used. 

But  I  claim  showing  and  obscuring  a  series  of  lights  j  successively, 
so  that  the  height  of  the  water  may  be  indicated  by  the  number  of  lights 
visible  by  means  of  the  slides  h,  provided  with  projections  m  m  and  the 
rod  s  attached  to  a  rope  or  chain  v ,  said  rod  s  operating  the  slides,  the 
rope  or  chain  V  working  over  pulleys  b,  and  moved  and  operated  by  the 
shaft  G,  which  receives  its  motion  by  means  of  the  float  c  and  weight  H. 


No.  13,655. — Washington  Abram  Peaslee. — Improvement  in  Tele¬ 
graphs. — Patented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  143.) 

The  engraving  represents  the  batteries,  ground  connexions,  main 
wires,  helices,  vibrating  armature  lever,  etc.,  ready  for  operation,  with 
the  circuit  broken  at  the  point  H1  of  the  break-circuit  key  81 ;  it  being 
understood  that  the  battery  Z1,  having  its  platina  pole  connected  with 
the  ground  by  the  wire/  to  the  ground  plate  xl,  must  have  a  ground 


624 


VIII. — MATHEMATICAL  INSTRUMENTS,  ETC. 


connexion  for  its  zinc  pole  also,  to  complete  its  circuit  and  bring  it  into 
action.  But  this  is  not  the  case,  as  represented  in  the  diagram ;  the 
wire  H,  leading  from  the  zinc  pole  of  the  battery  Z1,  not  being  connected 
with  the  point  H1  of  the  bieak-circuit  key  S1,  consequently  the  battery 
Z1  is  inactive. 

The  battery  Z  being  connected  to  the  ground-plate  x  by  the  wirey, 
leading  from  the  ground-plate  x  to  the  zinc  pole  of  the  battery  Z,  which 
is  connected  with  the  break-circuit  key  8  by  the  wire  H2,  leading  from 
the  platina  pole  of  the  battery  Z  to  the  break-circuit  key  8,  the  main 
wire  d  being  in  connexion  with  the  break-circuit  key  8,  and  the  metal 
standard  q1  and  standard  q  being  connected  with  the  helices  C1  by  the 
wire  d4,  and  the  helices  C1  being  connected  to  the  metal  standard  ql  by 
the  wire  b1,  and  the  standard  q  being  connected  with  the  metal  standard^1 
by  the  wire  a1  a,1,  and  the  standard  pl  being  connected  with  the  helices 
B1  by  the  wire  b,  and  the  helices  B1  being  connected  with  the  metal 
standard  p  by  the  wire  d2,  and  the  standard  p  being  connected  with  the 
break-circuit  key  81  by  the  main  wire  d1;  the  point  ll1  of  the  break- 
circuit  key  81  being  the  terminus  of  the  unbroken  connexions  leading 
from  the  platina  pole  of  the  battery  Z,  and  having  no  ground  connexion 
at  the  point  H1,  consequently  the  battery  Z  is  inactive  also.  The  point 
H1,  being  the  representative  of  the  platina  pole  of  the  battery  Z,  being 
brought  in  connexion  with  the  wire  H  leading  to  the  zinc  pole  of  the 
battery  Z1,  and  the  platina  pole  of  the  battery  Z1  being  connected  with 
the  ground-plate  x1  by  the  wire y 1 ,  the  circuit  is  complete,  having  the  zinc 
pole  of  the  battery  Z  connected  with  the  ground- plate  x,  and  the  platina 
pole  of  the  battery  Z1  connected  with  the  ground- plate  x1.  The  circuit 
being  now  complete,  the  current  passes  from  the  zinc  pole  of  the  battery 
Z,  which  is  connected  with  the  ground-plate  x ,  to  the  platina  pole  of  the 
battery  Z1,  that  is  connected  with  the  ground-plate  x1,  charging  and 
forming  magnets  at  the  same  time  of  the  helices  B1  and  C1. 

The  helices  B1  and  C1,  being  placed  near  enough  to  the  metal  arms 
B2  B3  of  the  vibrating  armature  lever,  to  attract  the  metal  arms 
B2  B3  with  equal  force,  the  armature  lever  is  drawn  from  its  perpendicu¬ 
lar  position  (“where  it  rests,  touching  the  non-conducting  points  o1oi  ”) 
against  the  metal-points  o2  o3 ;  the  metal-points  o2  o3  being  connected  by 
the  wires  c 4  c5  with  the  main  circuit  d  d1  at  the  metal  standards pl  q1. 

Ground  connexions  are  formed  between  the  helices  B1  and  C1  through 
the  wires  c4  and  c5,  leading  from  the  metal  standards  p1  ql  to  the  metal 
points  o2  o3,  the  metal  points  o2  o3  being  in  contact  with  the  metal  linings 
ff  of  the  armature  lever,  and  the  metal  linings  / /in  connexion  with  the 
metal  axles  i  il,  and  the  metal  axles  i  i1  in  connexion  with  the  metal- 
standards  k  k,  and  the  standards  k  k  being  in  connexion  with  the  ground- 
plates  wl  w  by  the  wires  l  Z,  two  separate  and  distinct  circuits  are  com¬ 
pleted  ;  the  batteries  Z  and  Z1  being  separated  by  the  ground  con¬ 
nexions,  and  these  ground  connexions  being  complete  at  x  and  w1i  and  at  w 
and  x1.  The  current  from  the  battery  Z  then  passes  from  the  zinc 
pole  that  is  connected  with  the  ground-plate  x  to  the  ground -plate  w1, 
which  is  now  the  terminus  of  the  platina  pole  of  the  battery  Z,  which 
remains  active  in  consequence  of  the  zinc  and  platina  poles  having 
their  respective  ground  connexions  at  the  ground-plates  x  and  wl.  The 


VIII, — MATHEMATICAL  INSTRUMENTS,  ETC. 


625 


current  from  the  battery  Z  also  passes  from  its  zinc  pole  that  is  connect¬ 
ed  with  the  ground-plate  w,  which  is  now  the  terminus  of  the  zinc  pole 
of  the  battery  Z1,  to  its  platina  pole  that  is  connected  with  the  ground- 
plate  x1;  the  battery  Z1  also  remains  active,  in  consequence  of  the  zinc 
and  platina  plates  having  their  respective  connexions  with  the  ground 
at  the  ground -plates  w  and  xl ;  the  helices  B1  being  in  the  circuit  actu¬ 
ated  by  the  battery  Z1,  and  the  helices  C1  being  in  the  circuit  actuated 
by  the  battery  Z.  The  helices  B1  and  C1  having  been  previously  suffi¬ 
ciently  near  the  metal  arms  B 2  B 3  of  the  armature  lever,  so  as  to  re¬ 
quire  the  power  of  both  helices,  B1  and  C1,  to  draw  the  armature 
lever  from  its  perpendicular  position  against  the  metal  points  o2  o3  ; 
the  power  of  the  helices  B1  not  being  sufficient  in  itself  for  such 
purpose  without  the  aid  of  the  helices  C1,  and  the  power  of  the  helices 
C1  being  insufficient  for  such  purposes  without  the  aid  of  the  helices  B1 ; 
but  the  helices  B1  and  C1  retaining  the  armature  lever  in  its  position 
against  the  points  o2  o3  until  the  circuit  of  the  battery  Z1  is  broken  again 
by  separating  the  point  H1  of  the  break-circuit  key  81  from  the  wire 
H  leading  to  battery  Z1 ;  as  soon  as  this  is  done,  it  destroys  the  attractive 
power  of  the  helices  B1  ;  and  the  helices  C1  not  being  able  to  retain  the 
armature  lever  in  its  position  against  the  points  o2  o3  by  their  power  of 
attraction  alone,  the  weight  of  the  armature  lever  at  the  arm  B3,  being 
equivalent  to  a  spring  in  this  case,  causes  it  to  leave  the  metal  points 
o2  o3,  and  resume  its  perpendicular  position  against  the  non-conducting 
points  ol  o4 ;  thereby  breaking  the  ground  connexions  with  the  ground 
plates  w  and  to1,  and  thereby  enabling  the  helices  B1  and  C1  to  assist 
each  other  as  soon  as  the  point  H1  comes  in  contact  with  the  wire  H, 
making  the  connexions  between  the  batteries  Z  and  Z1  as  heretofore 
described. 

S  is  a  coil-spring  connected  with  the  armature  lever,  and  so  adjusted 
as  to  draw  back  the  armature  lever  against  the  points  o1  o4  with  a  force 
greater  than  the  attraction  of  either  electro- magnet,  but  less  than  the 
sum  of  their  attractions. 

Claim . — -‘The  mode  described  of  dividing  a  long  line  of  telegraph 
into  two  sections,  and  transmitting  signals  from  either  section  to  the 
other,  viz :  by  means  of  two  receiving  electro-magnets  at  an  interme¬ 
diate  station,  the  helices  of  which  are  interposed  in  the  line  of  main 
wires,  one  after  the  other;  said  magnets  acting  in  conjunction  upon  an 
armature  lever,  or  its  equivalent,  which,  by  the  motion  produced  by 
the  attraction  of  the  magnets,  makes  contact  of  a  ground  wire  or  wires 
with  the  main  line  between  the  two  helices ;  and  the  said  receiving 
electro- magnets  and  armature  lever  being  combined  with  a  spring,  or 
other  equivalent  force,  adjusted  so  as  to  draw  back  the  armature  lever 
with  a  force  greater  than  the  attraction  of  either  electro-magnet,  but 
less  than  the  sum  of  their  attractions,  or  any  combination  of  apparatus 
operating  in  substantially  the  same  manner. 


40 


626 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


No.  12,129. — Chas.  W.  Hawkes  and  George  P.  Reed. — Improvement 
in  Compensation-Balances  Jor  Time-keepers. — Patented  January  2, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  143.) 

Set-screw  j  sets  up  against  one  side  of  brass  arm  d ,  and  spring 
l ,  being  attached  to  the  other  side  of  the  arm  with  the  outer  end  of  it 
bearing  against  the  ear  k,  will  hold  the  brass  arm  firmly  against  the 
set-screw.  This  balance  is  adjusted  by  turning  the  set-screws  j  j, 
wrhich  increases  or  diminishes  the  leverage,  thereby  giving  a  greater  or 
less  throw  to  the  weighted  end  of  the  lever.  This  balance  exposed  to 
heat  will  expand ;  the  arms  b  b  increasing  in  length  and  the  rim  in  di¬ 
ameter,  carrying  the  whole  weight  of  the  rim  farther  from  the  centre : 
but  arms  d  d,  being  of  brass,  will  expand  less  than  the  steel  arms  b  b, 
carrying  the  short  end  of  the  lever,  to  which  it.  is  attached  by  pin  e,  out 
farther  from  the  centre,  and  in  proportion  to  the  length  of  leverage  will 
throw  the  weighted  end  of  the  lever  in  towards  the  centre,  thereby 
counteracting  the  natural  tendency  of  the  whole  weight  of  the  balance 
to  recede  from  the  centre,  by  which  a  uniform  motion  is  maintained 
through  all  the  different  changes  of  temperature. 

Claim. — The  compensating  lever,  or  its  equivalent,  in  combination 
with  the  radial  arms  b  and  J,  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the 
purpose  herein  described. 


No.  13,977.- — George  Byington.— Improvement  in  Time-Indicators . — 

Patented  December  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  143.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  consists  in  the  addition  of  the  spring 
3,  whereby  the  instrument  is  made  to  work  more  easily  than  by  the 
old  construction.  The  rollers  r  being  formed  with  grooves  g ,  and  the 
wire  3  being  interwoven  with  them  and  sunk  into  said  grooves,  as  rep¬ 
resented  in  the  figures,  prevents  the  rollers  being  withdrawn  from  their 
places,  while  the  pressure  caused  by  the  tendency  of  the  spring  to  as¬ 
sume  a  straight  form  produces  an  amount  of  friction  on  the  journals  of 
the  rollers  sufficient  to  cause  them  to  retain  their  position  when  moved. 

Claim. — The  wire  or  ribbon  3,  arranged  in  the  manner  and  for  the 
purpose  substantially  as  described. 


IX.—CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


No.  12,145. — Wm.  E.  Ward. — Improvement  in  Sheet-iron  Blinds. — Pat¬ 
ented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  144.) 

The  two  edges  of  the  side  rails  a  a  are  bent  semi-cylindrically,  as 
shown  in  the  fig.  at  b  b ,  leaving  a  flat  surface  c  between.  The  upper 
and  lower  rails  d  d  are  produced  by  bending  a  sheet  of  the  form  shown 
in  fig.  3,  midway,  so  that  the  half-tubes  e  e  form  a  tube  for  the  recep¬ 
tion  of  the  screw-bolts  Z,  the  flaring-ends  / f  resting  on  the  cap-plates 
q  q.  The  middle  rail  g  is  in  a  similar  way  obtained  from  a  sheet  of 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


627 


the  form  represented  in  Gg.  2 ;  the  tubes  h  receiving  another  pair  of 
screw-bolts  l.  The  distance  of  the  flaring  ends  f  f  from  each  other, 
as  well  as  the  diagonal  width  j  j  of  the  square  part  of  the  middle  rail, 
are  to  be  equal  to  the  width  of  the  flat  part  c  of  the  side  rail,  in  order 
to  effectually  brace  the  whole  in  all  directions.  Small  holes  in  the  side 
rails  receive  the  pivot-rods  in  of  turning  slats  n.  The  open  space  in 
the  outside  face  of  the  side  rails  is  closed  up  by  a  strip  of  sheet-iron  $, 
which  can  be  provided  with  a  rebate  t.  Hinges  p  are  secured  to  the 
side  rail. 

Claim. — The  manufacture  of  Venetian  blinds  of  sheet-metal  bent  in 
the  form  and  united  in  the  manner  substantially  as  herein  specified. 


No.  12,2S1. — Chas.  Mettam. — Improvement  in  Rolling  Iron  Shutters . — 

Patented  January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  144.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  plainly  understood  from  an 
inspection  of  the  engraving. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  as  new,  or  irrespective  of  the 
relative  position  of  the  protruding  arch,  and  the  description  of  shutter 
to  which  the  described  form  of  slat  refers,  giving  a  slat  a  curved  or 
arched  form  to  increase  strength ;  as  a  different  disposition  of  the  pro¬ 
truding  arch  and  combination  of  curves  have  before  been  used  in  blinds, 
otherwise  arranged  than  to  roll  up. 

Nor  yet  do  I  claim,  as  new  in  itself,  causing  the  edges  of  the  slats  in 
rolling-shutters  to  have  a  broad,  flat  bearing,  or  lap,  the  one  over  or 
upon  the  other,  to  exclude  dust,  &c. ;  as  the  ordinary  flat-slat  rolling- 
shutters  possess  that  feature. 

But  I  claim  the  rolling  metal  shutter,  operating  as  described,  making 
the  slats  of  the  form  substantially  as  specified ;  that  is  to  say,  with  an 
exterior  protruding  arch  a  at  their  centre,  combined  with  flat  laps  or 
bearings  b  at  their  edges,  the  slats  being  arranged  in  relation  to  each 
other  and  united  together  essentially  as  set  forth,  by  which  configura¬ 
tion  the  shutter  may  be  rolled  up  in  a  less  compass,  the  labor  of  rolling 
up  reduced,  and  the  many  other  advantages  set  forth  obtained. 


No.  12,292. — Henry  Blakely. — Improvement  in  Iron  Window- Blinds. 

— Patented  January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  144.) 

These  blinds  can  be  made  of  very  thin  metal,  as  the  pivots  cannot 
be  drawn  out  of  their  sockets  by  bending  or  trying  to  bend  the  blind. 

Claim. — The  described  method  of  fastening  the  metal  blinds  or  slats 
to  the  frame,  by  securing  their  ends,  or  the  pivots  on  which  they  turn 
in  the  eyes,  in  such  manner  as  will  prevent  the  blinds  from  being  taken 
out  by  any  force  applied  to  bend  them  short  of  the  breaking  strength 
of  the  several  parts,  the  whole  being  constructed  substantially  in  the 
manner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


628 


IX. - CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


No.  12,695. — Charles  Rose. — Improved  Venetian  Window-Blinds. — 

Patented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  144.) 

To  the  back  of  brackets  are  attached  plates  a,  the  slots  of  which 
plates  catch  hooks  on  plate  b,  which  is  fastened  to  the  window  casing, 
thereby  supporting  said  brackets.  An  upper  head  B  is  arranged  on 
these  brackets ;  c  c  are  hooks  on  the  ends  of  cords  which  pass  up  and 
over  pulleys  in  the  upper  head,  and  thence  down  to  some  convenient 
place  of  access.  Hooks  c  c  take  into  eyes  d  d,  on  the  lower  head  A, 
and  thus  suspend  the  lower  head  A  to  the  upper  one.  Hooks  m  m  in 
the  brackets  catching  into  plates  n  on  the  lower  head  and  held  against 
them  by  springs  s ,  support  the  lower  head  when  drawn  up.  By  pulling 
cord  p,  the  hooks  m  m  can  be  withdrawn,  the  lower  head  lowered  by 
the  hooks  and  cords  c  c ,  and  removed  after  taking  hooks  c  c  out  of  the 
eyes.  The  upper  head  can  then  also  be  lifted  from  the  brackets. 

Claim. — In  combination  with  the  lower  head  and  blind,  the  additional 
or  upper  head,  and  the  hooks  and  cords  for  readily  connecting  or  dis¬ 
connecting  the  two  heads  for  the  purpose  of  placing  or  removing  the 
blind  from  the  window,  substantially  as  described  and  represented. 


No.  12,872. — George  W.  Phipps. — Improvement  in  Window- Shutters  — 

Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  145.) 

The  slats  (see  fig.  1)  are  bent  on  top  and  bottom  in  opposite  direc¬ 
tions,  as  seen  at  a  a,  for  the  purpose  of  sustaining  each  other.  At  the 
upper  edge,  and  on  the  inside  of  each  of  the  slats,  is  attached  a  ledge  bfor 
the  purpose  of  catching  and  holding  the  upper  edge  of  the  slat  below  it, 
when  being  lifted  in  raising  the  shutter.  The  cord,  being  attached  to  the 
lower  slat,  lifts  this  slat  first,  and  in  its  rising  catches  and  takes  up  the 
next  slat,  and  so  on. 

On  the  upper  edge  of  the  top  slat  is  riveted  a  bar  to  support  the  same, 
and  which  is  made  to  run  in  a  separate  groove  over  the  other.  W  hen 
the  shutter  is  down,  this  bar  rests  in  its  groove  upon  the  top  of  the 
window-frame,  and  supports  the  weight  of  the  shutter.  On  the  bottom 
of  the  lower  slat  is  another  bar  to  rest  on  the  sill  of  the  window  when 
down,  to  keep  the  shutter  in  its  place. 

In  each  of  the  sides  of  the  frame  there  is  placed  a  vertical  bar,  (see 
fig.  4,)  which  can  be  turned  on  pivots  s  t  at  its  upper  and  lower  ends, 
so  as  to  press  the  shutter  forward  when  closed  against  the  front  part  of 
the  groove  and  hold  it  in  its  place.  The  indenture  i  on  its  lower  edge 
secures  the  bar  on  the  lower  slat,  and  holds  down  the  shutter  when 
closed. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  a  lifting  or  sliding  shutter  made 
of  slats  or  sheets  ;  neither  do  I  claim  the  peculiar  shape  of  slats,  as  they 
have  been  before  made  in  different  shapes  and  forms,  nor  do  I  claim 
any  particular  mode  of  raising  the  same ;  but  I  do  claim  the  peculiar 
form  of  the  side  grooves  in  the  frame,  tapering  from  the  bottom  to  the 
top,  increasing  with  the  additional  thickness  given  by  the  shutters  in 
being  lifted.  (See  fig.  3.) 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING.  629 

Also,  the  supporting  top  bar  and  its  grooves,  and  the  vertical  side 
bars,  as  described,  and  for  the  purposes  described. 

Also,  the  combination  or  arrangement  of  the  upper  bar,  the  vertical  • 
bars,  and  the  slats,  to  produce  the  effect  alleged,  or  any  other  sub¬ 
stantially  the  same. 


No.  13,140. — Alfred  A.  Starr. — Improved  Adjuster  of  Window- Blinds, 

— Patented  June  26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  145.) 

The  pressure  of  the  bolt  D  against  the  side  strip  of  the  shutter- 
frame  serves  to  retain  the  slats  at  any  desired  angle. 

Claim. — The  application  of  the  spring  friction-bolt  to  one  of  the  slats 
of  the  shutter  or  blinds,  in  such  a  manner  that  it  shall  turn  with  the 
slat,  and  allow  of  the  slat  being  adjusted  to  any  angle,  and  at  the 
same  time  bear  with  considerable  force  against  the  inside  edge  of  the 
side  strip  of  the  frame  of  the  shutter  or  blind,  substantially  as  and  for 
the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,141. — Lafayette  Stevens  and  Solomon  B.  Ellithorp. — 

Improvement  in  Window- Blinds,  Doors ,  fyc. — Patented  June  26,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  145.) 

The  tenons  of  the  slats  a  pass  through  the  fillets  b,  and  are  provided 
at  their  ends  with  a  ferrule  terminating  in  a  fork  h.  Two  rods  e  e 
serve  to  connect  the  fork  ends,  and  the  whole  works  in  a  groove  j  in  the 
style  A  (which  latter  is  not  represented  in  figure  1).  This  blind  can 
be  opened  and  closed  without  having  the  usual  rod  in  the  centre:  by 
merely  turning  one  of  the  slats,  they  will  all  open  and  close. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  forked  lever  with  the  ferrule  on  the  end,  or  the 
fork  with  a  flat  shaft  at  the  end,  made  of  either  cast  or  wrought  metal, 
for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

2d.  The  application  of  the  rods  e  e ,  made  either  of  metal,  wood, 
leather,  or  their  equivalents,  as  described,  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

3d.  The  grooved  style,  with  the  fillet  attached,  for  the  purpose  set 
forth  and  described. 


No.  13,251. — Washington  H.  Bixler. — Improvement  in  Window-Blinds. 

— Patented  July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  145.) 

The  spring  i  is  wound  up  when  the  blind  is  drawn  downwards,  and 
it  has  not  sufficient  strength  to  draw  the  blind  upward,  because  the 
cordy  is  on  the  large  part  of  the  fusee  h ,  and  on  the  small  end  of  the 
fusee  f;  but  the  spring  is  allowed  to  be  sufficiently  strong  to  just  bal¬ 
ance  the  blind,  so  that  by  a  slight  touch  the  blind  may  be  moved  up¬ 
ward  by  spring  i.  As  the  blind  moves  upward  the  spring  diminishes 
in  strength,  which,  however,  is  compensated  for  by  cord  j  gradually 
passing  to  the  smaller  end  of  h  and  to  the  larger  end  of /,  so  that  when 
the  blind  is  fully  raised,  the  weight  of  the  blind  and  the  power  of  the 
spring  will  be  equal. 


630 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  employment  of  a  single  fusee 
applied  to  a  blind  or  shade,  for  they  have  been  previously  used. 

But  I  claim  the  attachment  of  two  fusees  h ,  connected  by  a  cord 
j  a ,  spring  i  being  attached  to  the  one  fusee  h,  and  the  cords  c  c  to  the 
fusee f,  as  shown,  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,300.  —  Frank  Chase. — Improved  Window-Blinds. — Patented 

July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  145.) 

The  sun  is  prevented  from  passing  through  these  blinds,  but  light 
and  air  are  freely  admitted. 

Claim. — Constructing  blinds  by  nailing  or  securing  oblique  or  diago¬ 
nal,  slats  to  both  sides  of  a  frame,  the  slats  on  one  side  of  the  frame 
being  opposite  to  or  covering  the  spaces  between  the  slats  on  the  oppo¬ 
site  side,  as  shown  and  described. 


No.  13,398. — Chas.  E.  Parker  and  Jos.  Sanoer.— Improved  Mode  of 
Adjusting  Blinds  to  Windows,  §v. — Patented  August  7,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  145.) 

The  inventors  say :  We  do  not  claim  fitting  blinds  in  grooves  in  the 
casing,  and  having  a  recess  or  box  formed  over  the  casing  to  receive 
the  blind,  for  this  is  not  new,  iron  doors  and  shutters  having  been  pre¬ 
viously  so  arranged  ;  but  we  claim  attaching  the  ropes  or  chains  e  e,  g 
g,  to  the  two  parts  C  C  of  the  blind,  so  that  a  portion  of  the  ropes  or 
chains  e  e  will  pass  on  the  outer  side  of  the  casing  A,  and  within  the 
apartment  or  house,  and  thereby  allow  the  parts  C  C  of  the  blind  to  be 
adjusted  as  desired,  without  raising  or  opening  the  sashes,  as  herein 
shown  and  described.  (See  engravings.) 


No.  13,500. — David  Rohan. — Improvement  in  Shutters  or  Blinds  for 

Stores. — Patented  August  28,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  146.) 

Figure  1  is  a  horizontal  cross-section,  showing  the  shutters  as  open  ; 
figure  2,  a  similar  horizontal  cross-section,  the  shutters  being  shut ;  fig¬ 
ure  3,  the  sliding  shutters  B  B  in  a  perspective  view,  exhibiting  the 
inner  side  of  the  shutters  and  their  mitred  joints  and  hinges  p  g. 

I  claim  hinging  the  shutters  together  by  mitred  joints,  so  that  when 
closed  the  joint  or  hinges  may  be  concealed. 

I  also  claim,  in  connexion  with  the  mitred  shutters  B  C,  the  hinged 
piece  G,  which  serves  the  double  purpose  of  a  post  against  which  said 
shutters  abut,  and  to  which  they  may  be  locked  when  the  front  is  closed ; 
and  also  as  a  finish  to  one  of  the  shutters  when  it  is  run  back  as  repre¬ 
sented. 


No.  13,890. — Daniel  E.  True. — Improved  Blind- Fastener. — Patented 
December  4,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  146.) 

Supposing  the  blind  to  be  closed,  as  shown  in  the  figure,  the  two 
levers  D  will  then  be  folded  together,  and  a  pin  i,  at  the  outer  edge  of 


IX. - CIVIL  ENGINEERING, 


631 


the  sill,  will  be  in  the  recess  between  the  two  flanches  e  e  at  the  outer 
end  of  the  spring-catch  b.  By  moving  the  handle  F  in  the  direction  of 
the  arrow,  the  spring-catch  will  be  withdrawn,  and  the  parts  will  come 
into  the  positions  indicated  by  dotted  lines,  when  the  blind  will  be  open. 

The  inventor  says:  I  disclaim  the  mere  combination  of  bent  levers 
for  opening  and  closing  the  blind  from  the  inside,  as  such  device  is  well 
known,  though  requiring  distinct  adjustment  for  fastening  and  unfast¬ 
ening  the  blind. 

I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  spring-bolt  at  the  extremity  of  the 
outer  lever  D,  and  constructing  said  lever  with  the  blind,  as  described, 
so  as  to  be  self-fastening,  and  withdrawn  by  the  said  lever  movement, 
operating  the  blind  as  and  for  the  purpose  described. 


No.  13,980. — Thomas  Danforth. — Improvement  in  Window- Shades. — 

Patented  December  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  146.) 

As  a  window-screen  is  usually  made  of  a  rectangular  frame  covered 
with  gauze,  and  without  any  means  of  being  either  expanded  or  con¬ 
tracted,  it  cannot  be  constructed  of  a  length  to  correspond  with  the 
width  of  the  window-frame  between  the  bottoms  or  upright  sides  of  its 
sash  grooves;  for  were  it  so  made,  it  could  not  be  inserted  conveniently 
in  such  grooves.  It  is  always  made  somewhat  shorter  than  said  dis¬ 
tance,  and  the  edges  of  the  screen  can  consequently  not  be  in  contact 
with  the  bottoms  of  the  sash  groove.  To  overcome  this  defect  is  the 
object  of  this  improved  expansive  screen  frame. 

By  rotating  knob  G  the  curtain-roller  F  will  be  rotated,  and  the  cur¬ 
tain  E  will  be  drawn. 

Claim.— Making  the  frame  A  so  as  to  be  capable  of  longitudinal  con¬ 
traction  and  expansion,  as  specified,  in  combination  with  applying  the 
gauze  shade  or  curtain  thereto,  and  so  as  to  wind  upon  a  roller  and  be 
wound  thereon,  by  devices  substantially  as  stated. 


No.  12,303. — J.  J.  W.  Adams. — Improved  Implement  far  Boring  Wells. 

— Patented  January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  146.) 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  hollow  auger  G,  for  that  has 
been  previously  used. 

But  I  claim  the  employment  or  use  of  the  spring  g  attached  to  the 
handle  f  of  the  swinging  or  supended  auger  G,  arranged  substantially 
as  shown,  viz :  with  a  knob  or  projection  h  on  its  outer  surface,  which 
knob  or  projection  catches  into  a  cavity  in  the  under  surface  of  the  bail 
F,  for  the  purpose  of  holding  the  auger  in  its  proper  position  while 
being  operated.  (See  engraving.) 


No.  12,663.— John  Andrews. — Improvement  in  Drills  for  Artesian 
Wells. — Patented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  147.) 

The  co "-wheel  F,  and  the  weight  C  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
means  of  arms  E,  rotate  together  with  the  drill.  When  the  drill  is 


632 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


raised,  the  shaft  K  and  the  parts  connected  therewith  remain  stationary 
until  the  collar  I  strikes  the  pin  f;  at  the  same  time  the  rising  of  collar 
I  causes  the  shaft  m  and  its  pinion  L  to  make  a  portion  of  a  revolution 
each  time  the  drill  is  raised.  This  is  done  by  means  of  connection  o 
Ip,  the  operation  of  which  is  apparent  from  the  illustration.  Pinion  L 
engages  with  wheel  F  ;  and  thus  this  wheel,  and  with  it  the  drill,  are 
caused  to  rotate.  The  chain  is  composed  of  flat  links  with  flaps  s ,  so 
that  it  can  only  be  bent  around  the  windlass  upon  which  it  is  to  be 
wound,  whilst  it  will  be  rigid  in  all  other  directions. 

Claim. — The  use  of  a  stiff  chain  for  the  purpose  of  operating  a  rock- 
drill  or  other  artesian  borer,  in  the  manner  set  forth. 

2d.  The  device  for  rotating  the  drill,  consisting  essentially  of  the 
cog-wheel  F  and  pinion  L,  with  the  parts  which  set  them  in  motion, 
constructed  and  operating  in  the  manner  substantially  as  herein  set 
forth. 


No.  12,688. — John  F.  Manahan. — Improved  Machinery  for  Boring 

Wells. — Patented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  147.) 

Bevel  gearing  P  O  being  set  in  motion,  the  pipe  -z  C  is  revolved,  as 
wheel  O  is  fast  on  said  pipe.  (Wheel  O  is  made  in  two  parts,  and 
these  are  connected  by  bolts  s,  which,  when  tightened,  press  the  hub 
part  of  the  wheel  around  pipe  z  C,  thereby  fastening  the  wheel  on  the 
pipe.)  The  upper  end  of  the  tube  terminates  in  a  stand  H,  which 
carries  the  gearing  I  J  T.  Cog-wheel  T  gears  into  a  cog-wheel  u , 
which  is  fast  on  cross-bar  K.  The  pipe  z  C  revolving,  the  cog-wheel 
T  is  revolved  round  the  stationary  cog-wheel  u  ;  and  thereby  the  gearing 
I  J  is  set  in  motion,  and  with  it  the  chain-wheel  F,  which  is  on  the  shaft 
of  bevel- wheel  I.  The  chain  being  in  motion,  the  buckets  E  raise  the 
dust,  dirt,  etc.,  from  the  boring-cylinder  B.  A  pin  m  fastens  the  tube 
C  to  a  cross-head  b,  which  is  fast  on  cylinder  B.  By  these  means  the 
cylinder  B  is  made  to  revolve  with  pipe  C ;  to  the  lower  end  of  pipe  C 
is  attached  a  cross-head  Z,  from  the  two  outer  ends  of  which  pass  two 
rods  j  downwards;  to  the  ends  of  these  rods  j  is  secured  the  cutter  k. 
This  cutter  has  on  its  circumference  a  projection  which  catches  into  a 
recess  in  cylinder  B,  so  that  cylinder,  cutter,  and  pipe  will  turn  firmly 
together  without  any  twist.  The  lower  end  of  pipe  C  terminates  in  a 
bracket  G,  which  carries  the  shaft  of  the  lower  chain-wheel  F. 

The  cutter  a  in  cylinder  B  swings  on  pin  x,  and  is  adjusted  to  cut  a 
desired  diameter  by  arm  g,  one  end  of  which  connects  to  cutter  a,  and 
the  other  to  an  arm  shown  in  dotted  lines  in  figure  3,  which  is  firmly 
attached  to  the  lower  end  of  upright  shaft  e;  the  upper  end  of  shaft  e 
carries  an  arm  d;  a  pin  c ,  which  is  to  enter  through  a  hole  on  the  end 
of  arm  d  into  one  of  the  holes  i  in  the  cross-head  b,  serves  to  adjust  cutter 
a  to  the  required  diameter  of  the  well. 

As  the  auger  penetrate?  downwards  additional  lengths  of  well-tubes 
have  to  be  inserted,  which  can  be  done  after  taking  to  pieces  wheel  O 
and  removing  it  and  the  cross-bar  K.  The  pipe  C  can  also  be  removed, 
when  desired,  by  taking  out  pin  m. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  an  endless  leathern  band,  carrying 


IX. - CIVIL  ENGINEERING.  633 

leathern  buckets  around  two  stationary  revolving  pulleys,  as  used  in 
flouring  mills,  as  such  are  well  known. 

But  1  claim  as  my  invention  the  boring-cylinder  B,  having  a  cutter  at  its 
lower  end  and  an  adjustable  cutter  in  its  periphery  for  enlarging  the  hole, 
so  that  the  auger  cannot  bind  when  in  use,  and  so  that  the  tube  designed 
to  line  the  well  can  follow  the  auger  or  cylinder  B  downwards,  and 
allow  this  auger  to  be  drawn  up  through  the  lining-tube  by  the  shutting 
or  moving  of  the  enlarging  cutter,  all  being  arranged  and  operated  in 
the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

I  also  claim  the  metallic  chain  of  buckets  E  in  combination  with  the 
earth  cutter  B,  operating  or  moving  in  such  manner  within  it  as  to 
receive  the  earth  as  fast  as  it  is  cut  from  the  ground  and  elevate  it  to 
the  desired  height,  essentially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  set 
forth. 


No.  12,706. — C.  N.  White. — Improved  Implement for  Boring  the  Barth. — 

Patented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  147.) 

Rod  A  passes  through  the  hub  D  of  the  drill-holder  C.  On  the  end 
of  rod  A  there  is  a  weight  B ;  rods  c,  being  provided  with  eyes  on  their 
lower  ends,  are  thereby  fitted  to  staples  d  on  said  weight.  The  rods, 
passing  through  guides  c  on  the  weight,  are  held  in  an  inclined  posh* 
tion.  The  rod  A  and  weight  being  forced  downward,  the  drill  F  enters 
the  earth.  When  the  rod  and  weight  are  raised,  two  of  the  rods  c  strike 
against  cross-bar  G,  (which  is  fast  on  the  drill-holder  C,)  and  thereby 
give  the  drill-holder  and  drill  a  turn;  and  as  the  rods  c  are  allowed  to 
move  backward  a  certain  distance  in  consequence  of  being  connected 
to  the  staples  by  the  eyes,  they  free  themselves  from  rod  G  as  the 
weight  again  descends. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  frame  C  and  weight  B  with  the 
movable  inclined  rods  c  attached,  the  above  parts  being  constructed, 
arranged,  and  operating  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  as  herein 
shown  and  described. 


No.  12,523. — Henry  Lawrence. — Improved  Safety  Ferry-Bridge 

Patented  March  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  147.) 

A  is  the  float  hinged  to  the  bridge  in  the  usual  manner;  B  the  central, 
and  C  C  are  the  side  gates ;  D  D  are  the  weights  and  chains  by  which 
the  central  gate  is  suspended.  The  carriage  G  by  the  action  of  ithe 
weights  D  occupies  the  position  shown  in  full  lines  in  the  engraving 
When  a  boat  comes  up  to  the  float,  it  moves  the  carriage  in,  thereby 
elevating  the  weights,  lowering  the  central  gate  out  of  sight,  (by  means 
of  bands  K,)  and  throwing  open  side  gates  C  (around  pivot  F  by 
means  of  slotted  arms  J).  The  latter  position  is  represented  in  dotted 
lines.  Figure  1  represents  only  one  half  of  a  top  view  of  the  bridge, 
the  other  half  being  exactly  alike. 

Claim. — The  employment  of  the  reciprocating  carriage  G,  the  sus¬ 
pended  central  gate  B,  and  the  side  gates  C  C  ;  the  whole  being 
arranged  essentially  as  shown,  and  operated  by  the  boat  and  weights, 
substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


684 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


Also,  making  the  side  gates  of  a  circular  form  instead  of  flat,  so  that 
in  case  drunken  or  thoughtless  men  lay  hold  of  them,  or  get  in  a  posi¬ 
tion  to  interfere  with  their  being  opened  freely,  they  shall,  as  they  open, 
have  a  tendency  to  throw  them  off,  in-stead  of  forcing  them  up  against 
the  railings  and  crushing  them,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,952. — John  N.  King. — Improvement  in  Swing-Bridges. — Patented 

May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  147.) 

The  bridge  swings  on  a  central  vertical  pivot  on  the  abutment ;  a 
spiral  spring  is  fastened  with  one  end  to  said  pivot,  and  with  the  other 
to  the  centre  sleeper,  as  near  the  turn-table  as  possible,  to  make  the 
bridge  swing  or  automatize,  with  such  other  appliances  as  may  seem 
necessary. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  a  swing  bridge  poised  on  a  centre 
abutment  or  pier,  so  as  to  revolve  on  an  axis  and  leave  a  water-way 
on  both  sides  of  the  pier,  as  that  has  been  done  before. 

But  I  claim  the  combination  and  arrangement  of  the  springs  with 
the  bridge,  so  that  the  opening  and  closing  of  the  bridge  shall  become 
automatic,  and  shall  not  require  the  attendance  of  hands  to  open  or 
close  it,  as  is  usual. 


No.  13,258. — John  K.  Gamble  and  William  P.  Gamble. — Improve¬ 
ment  in  Safety  Railroad  Draw-Bridges. — Patented  July  17,  1855. — 
(Plates,  p.  148.) 

By  turning  crank  o  the  cog-gearing  will  be  set  in  operation,  when 
the  draw  G  (resting  on  friction  rollers  n )  will  commence  to  move  hori¬ 
zontally  and  open  gradually,  elevating  and  passing  under  the  connect¬ 
ing-bridge  H.  The  teeth  of  rack  m  will  take  into  cog-wheel  l  and  turn 
the  shaft  Jc ,  and  by  means  of  the  bands  i  i  also  turn  the  shaft  c  and  the 
two  arms  b  and  d  upon  said  shaft  c.  The  arm  d  will  push  back  cam f 
against  spiral  spring  g,  and  withdraw  bolt  F  from  one  of  the  two  holes 
*  t  in  the  switch-bar  E ;  the  arm  b  will  bear  on  the  side  of  notch  a  in 
the  switch-bar,  and  force  the  said  bar  aside  so  as  to  throw  the  switch- 
rail  in  connection  with  the  branch-track  D.  As  soon  as  this  has  taken 
place  the  arm  d  escapes  cam  p,  and  the  bolt  is  again  forced  by  the 
spring  into  the  other  hole  in  the  switch-bar,  and  made  to  lock  the 
switch.  When  the  cars  arrive  at  a  time  the  draw  is  open,  they  will 
run  on  the  track  D  instead  of  passing  into  the  river. 

Claim. — The  contrivances  described,  or  thqir  equivalents,  so  arranged 
and  combined  as  to  constitute  a  safety  railroad  draw-bridge,  substanr 
tially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,461. — Horace  L.  Hervey  and  Robert  E.  Osborn. —  Improve¬ 
ment  in  Bridges. — Patented  August  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  148.) 

The  bed-plates  B  are  provided  with  rollers,  on  which  the  suspen¬ 
sion-blocks  D  can  traverse.  The  cable  E  supports  the  suspeitsion 


IX. - CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


635 


truss-frame  by  means  of  projections  F  on  blocks  G,  which  are  fitted  to 
move  up  and  down  upon  posts  O.  The  stringers  J  rest  on  sockets  I 
projecting  from  posts  O.  The  suspension-rods  N  are  connected  by 
nuts  g  with  right  and  left  handed  screw-threads.  K  and  L  are  the 
floor  timbers.  The  abutment  blocks  D,  being  on  rollers,  move  readily, 
and  admit  of  the  diminution  of  the  camber  of  the  upper  chords  S  and 
W  when  the  load  is  passing  over  the  bridge.  The  chord  E  being  an 
endless  one,  and  always  of  the  same  length,  the  adjustment  of  the 
camber  of  the  bridge  is  effected  by  making  the  blocks  D  traverse 
within  the  chord  E,  and  the  blocks  c  to  traverse  on  the  chords  M, 
thereby  allowing  the  chord  E  to  become  more  or  less  arched,  to  adapt 
itself  to  the  degree  of  camber  given  to  the  trussed  arch. 

By  means  of  this  arrangement  the  suspension  cables  support  the 
suspension  truss ;  and  when  the  bridge  is  loaded,  the  weight  tends  to 
draw  the  suspension  blocks  towards  each  other,  which  tends  to  spring 
up  the  arch  truss,  and  thus  compels  it  to  support  the  suspension  truss 
and  load.  But  if  the  load  be  placed  on  the  arch  truss  or  upper  tier  of 
floor-timbers,  its  tendency  is  to  straighten  the  chords  and  stringers  of 
the  arch  truss,  and  push  the  suspension-blocks  apart  and  straighten 
the  cables,  and  compel  them  and  the  suspension  truss  to  support  the 
arch  truss.  Thus  if  the  load  is  applied  jn  either  place,  the  several 
parts  of  the  bridge  unite  in  sustaining  and  supporting  it. 

The  engraving  represents  only  one-half  of  the  bridge,  the  other  half 
being  exactly  alike. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  arrangement  of  the  blocks  D  D  and  posts  o  o,  in  com¬ 
bination  with  the  adjustable  suspension  truss,  the  arched  truss,  and  the 
tension  cord,  so  that  the  camber  of  the  bridge  may  be  increased  or  di¬ 
minished  by  the  adjustment  of  these  blocks,  in  connection  with  the 
tension  cord,  so  as  to  increase  the  strength  of  the  bridge  by  lessening 
the  strain  on  any  one  point  by  distributing  it  to  many  points,  by  means 
of  the  adjustable  flocks,  as  described. 

2d.  Constructing  and  arranging  the  blocks  which  sustain  the  tension 
braces  of  the  suspension  truss,  so  that  they  will  slide  or  traverse  on  the 
string-pieces,  so  as  to  equalize,  distribute,  and  proportion  the  load  more 
uniformly  and  over  a  larger  portion  of  the  bridge. 

3d.  Supporting  the  lloor-timbers  alternately  by,  or  successively  by, 
the  arch  and  suspension  trusses,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,161. — Emanuel  Harmon. — Improvement  in  Fire-proof  Iron  Build¬ 
ings. — Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  148.) 

a  a  is  the  skeleton  iron  wall,  and  b  the  exterior  covering.  The  wall 
a  is  wholly  enclosed  in  plaster-of-paris  c  c,  or  other  non-conductor  ;  the 
external  plates  b  being  attached  in  such  a  manner  as  to  admit  between 
the  wires  attaching  said  plates  to  the  wall  of  a  piece  of  felt  d ,  a  non¬ 
conductor.  To  hold  the  plates  firmly,  without  resting  upon  the  plaster- 
of-paris,  small  pieces  of  soapstone  e  c,  non  conductors,  are  imbedded 
in  the  plaster-of-paris,  and  interposed  between  the  outer  plates  and  the 
skeleton-frame.  Thus  the  skeleton-frame  is  protected  from  the  effects 
of  solar  heat,  cold,  and  from  fire. 


636 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


Claim . — The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  use  of  an  air-space 
or  of  a  non-conducting  substance  for  the  purpose  of  intercepting  the 
communication  of  heat  between  two  metallic  surfaces,  or  the  surfaces 
of  the  walls  of  an  iron  building. 

But  I  do  claim  the  insulation  of  the  skeleton  frame-work  of  iron  build¬ 
ings  from  the  exterior  and  interior  coverings  of  said  frame-work,  with 
their  fastenings  or  attachments,  by  the  interposition  of  a  non-coaduct- 
ing  substance,  such  as  plaster-of-paris,  soapstone,  or  felt,  in  combina¬ 
tion  with  an  air-space,  or  sheets  of  plaster-of-paris,  felt,  or  other  in¬ 
combustible  non-conducting  substance,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  set  forth. 

In  the  second  place,  I  claim  the  above  insulation  in  combination 
with  the  entire  filling  up  of  the  space  between  the  said  exterior  and 
interior  coverings  or  surfaces  with  any  incombustible  non-conducting 
substance,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,379. — D.  D.  Badger.. — Improvement  in  Iron  Houses . — Patented 
August  7,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  148.) 

Claim. — The  method  described  of  securing  the  bases  of  the  columns 
to  the  breast-summers  or  lintels  by  bolting  each  on  the  inner  side  to  a 
broad  flanch  c,  and  keying  it  on  the  outer  side  by  a  key  d ,  whereby 
they  are  properly  secured  against  any  movement  back  or  forth  on  the 
breast-summers  or  lintels,  or  against  falling  outwards  ;  but  are  not  pre¬ 
vented  from  falling  inwards  when  they  become  insecure. 


No.  12,633. — Geo.  Martz. —  Improved  Apparatus  for  Hoisting  and 

Humping  Coal-  Cars. — Patented  April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  148.) 

When  the  carriage  B,  with  the  coal-car  C,  has  been  lifted  to  the 
proper  height  for  unloading,  the  guide-rollers  M  will  follow  the  curved 
portion  P  of  their  track  A2  N,  and  thereby  the  car  will  be  brought  into 
the  position  represented  in  dotted  lines. 

Claim—  The  combination  of  the  coal-car  C  and  its  carriage  B  with 
the  hoisting-carriage  D,  in  such  manner  that  whilst  the  hoisting-carri- 
age  D  is  guided  vertically  up  the  shaft  by  its  ways  A1,  the  carriage  of 
the  coal-car  C  is  guided  by  the  independent  ways  A2  and  N,  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  tilt  the  car  when  it  obtains  the  proper  elevation,  and  place 
it  in  such  a  position  that  its  contents  will  be  self-discharged  into  the 
shute  O,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,642. — Frederick  A.  Peterson. — Fire-proof  Floor- Ceiling. — 
Patented  April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  148.) 

i  are  iron  beams,  supported  in  the  usual  manner  by  having  their  ends 
inserted  in  and  resting  on  the  walls.  The  tile-tubes  Jc,  with  the  bottom 
flat  and  the  top  arched,  rest  with  the  sides  on  the  lower  flanches  of  the 
beams,  so  that  the  tile-tubes,  being  supported  by  the  iron  beams  with- 


IX. - CIYIL  ENGINEERING.  637 

out  lateral  thrust,  afford  a  substantial  support  for  concrete  filling  above 
to  form  a  level  surface  for  the  floor. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  wish  to  be  understood  as  limiting  my¬ 
self  to  the  special  form  of  the  beams  and  tubes,  and  the  kind  of  filling 
between  them,  so  long  as  the  same  result  is  attained  by  merely  formal 
variations. 

I  claim  the  method,  substantially  as  described,  of  making  fire-proof 
floors  and  ceilings  by  means  of  metallic  flanched  beams,  in  combina¬ 
tion  with  tile-tubes  interposed  between  and  resting  on  the  flanches  of 
the  beams,  and  filled  in  above,  all  substantially  as  and  for  the  purpose 
specified. 


No.  12,131. — James  B.  Harris. — Improvement  in  Railroad- Chair  Ma¬ 
chines. — Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  149.) 

The  table  or  rest  consists  of  two  separate  leaves  h  c ,  having  between 
them  an  interval  sufficient  to  receive  the  heads  of  the  shearing  and 
bending  jaws.  These  leaves  occupy  a  square  space  corresponding  to 
that  of  the  plate  of  which  the  chair  is  to  be  made.  The  leaves  are 
united  together  by  a  rib  o,  which  rib  is  pierced  by  two  adjusting  slots 
a 5  b3,  in  order  to  admit  of  a  vertical  elevation  of  the  table  to  suit  the 
wear  or  the  condition  of  the  faces  of  the  two  crank-cutters.  This 
arrangement  maintains  the  centres  of  curvature  ot  the  chair-clips  in 
coincidence  with  the  centres  of  motion  of  the  crank-cutters ;  by  the 
vertical  motion  the  shearing  power  is  maintained,  so  that  a  clean  cut 
and  the  curvature  of  the  clip,  without  tearing  or  straining  it,  are  to  be 
effected,  though  the  metal  prove,  as  usual  with  rolled  metal,  to  be  of 
various  shades  of  thickness  and  toughness. 

Plate  d3,  with  screws  f3  e3  fitting  into  slots  a3  b3  and  into  holes  h3  g*3  of 
plate  c3,  serves  to  fix  table  b  c  in  the  proper  position. 

Ic  k1  are  crank-arms  fixed  to  the  front  ends  of  shafts  l  Z1,  and  of  suffi¬ 
cient  length  to  permit  the  vibration  of  the  wrists  m  clear  of  the  edges 
of  leaf  c.  From  the  wrists  project  the  inverted  jaws  n,  terminating 
each  of  them  in  a  die  N,  whose  two  transverse  edges  M  M  stand  when 
the  crank  is  in  its  lowest  position  flush  with  the  upper  surface  of  the 
rest.  These  edges  are  left  slightly  salient  by  hollowing  the  face  be¬ 
tween  them.  This  hollowed  face  is  to  counteract  the  tendency  of  the 
chair-plate  to  bend  before  the  said  face,  so  as  to  impart  to  the  inner 
side  of  the  clip  a  bellying  form  ;  and  when  the  jaw  is  brought  so  as  to 
press  the  clip  tightly  between  the  jaw-face  and  the  mandrel,  these 
salient  edges  of  the  lace  bring  the  margins  of  the  clip  flush  with  the 
middle,  and  thus  are  to  enable  the  clip,  when  in  use,  to  bear  across  its 
entire  width  upon  the  base  of  the  rail. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  holding-plate  e3  (fig.  2)  and  the  leaf  o,  with  the 
slots  a3  b3,  (fig.  3,)  and  the  block  d3  with  the  screw  j3  e3,  in  combina¬ 
tion  with  the  crank- cutters  N,  the  whole  being  arranged  as  described, 
and  for  the  purpose  described. 

2d.  The  cutter  with  salient  cutting  edges,  thus  making  the  cut  (see 
N,  figs.  5,  6,  and  7)  concave  in  its  length,  substantially  in  the  manner 
and  for  the  purpose  described. 


633 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


No.  13,313. — James  Kelren,  assignor  to  Himself  and  George  Banks. 

—  Improvement  in  Machines  for  making  Railway  Chairs. — Patented 

July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  149.) 

Each  of  the  bending  dies  F  carries  one  or  more  punches  U  U,  for 
punching  the  holes  in  the  chair  through  which  the  spikes  are  to  be 
passed.  Each  of  the  punches  slides  vertically  through  the  die,  and 
when  in  its  highest  position  is  supported  on  a  helical  spring  k.  Above 
each  of  the  punches  is  a  driver  or  depresser  V,  which  is  fastened 
to  the  cross-head  K,  which  latter  is  vertically  reciprocated  by  means 
of  a  crank  and  pitman  L,  and  carries  upon  an  arm  m,  extended  from  it, 
a  horizontal  lever  or  lifter  W.  The  longer  arm  of  W  is  borne  towards 
a  stationary  cam  X,  by  means  of  spring  n.  The  cam  allows  the  lifter 
to  pass  under  the  head  l  of  its  punch,  while  the  punch  is  being  driven 
downwards,  and  enables  it  (the  lifter)  to  elevate  the  punch  out  of  the 
chair  during  a  part  of  the  ascent  of  the  lifter.  The  cam  also  discharges 
the  lifter  from  the  hold  on  the  punch  after  the  latter  has  been  sufficiently 
elevated.  The  object  of  the  springs  k  is  not  to  elevate  the  punches, 
but  to  maintain  them  elevated  during  the  movement  with  the  dies.  As 
a  spring  could  not  be  depended  upon,  the  above  described  lifting  con¬ 
trivance  is  here  employed. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  combination  of  bending  dies, 
a  bed,  and  former. 

But  I  claim  combining  with  each  of  the  punches  and  its  driver  a 
lifter,  and  mechanism  for  operating  such  lifter,  as  specified,  such  punch 
being  applied  to  the  bending  die,  and  supported  on  a  spring,  as  ex¬ 
plained. 


No.  12,623. — Samuel  W.  Frost. — Improved  Safety  Port  for  Coal 

Holes. — Patented  April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  149.) 

The  safety  guard  is  composed  of  two  quadrantal  arcs  C  C,  which 
project  from  the  under  side  of  the  cover  B,  and  extend  into  the  opening 
of  the  vault-frame  A.  A  cross-bar  D,  which  is  arranged  near  the 
lower  corner  of  the  arcs,  prevents  a  person’s  foot  from  slipping  into 
the  coal  vault.  C  C  serve  as  guards  when  a  person  approaches  the 
coal  vault  from  either  side,  and  the  rear  side  is  protected  by  the  cover 
B.  Pin  E  serves  to  fasten  the  cover  when  open. 

Claim. — Combining  with  the  door  B  and  the  frame  A,  or  the  vault 
opening,  a  safety  guard  applied  thereto,  substantially  in  the  manner 
and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  12,637. — F.H.  Moore. —  Improvement  in  Coal-Hole  Covers. — Patented 
April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  149.) 

The  rods  b  are  pierced  with  several  holes,  and  can  be  secured  at 
various  heights  by  passing  pin  a  through  one  of  the  ribs  B  on  cylinder 
C,  and  through  one  of  the  holes  in  the  rod  b. 

Claim. — The  method  of  securing  the  coal-hole  cover  by  means  of 
the  rods  b,  or  their  equivalents,  whereby  the  cover  may  be  raised  more 


IX. - CIVIL  ENGINEERING.  639 

or  less,  as  required,  for  purposes  of  ventilation,  or  for  the  introduction 
of  coal;  and  all  danger  to  passers-by  is  avoided,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,3S8. — Alonzo  Hitchcock. — Improvement  in  Weather-Strips  for 

Doors. — Patented  February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  149.) 

Fig.  1  represents  a  vertical,  and  fig.  2  a  horizontal  section  through 
the  door  D.  To  the  apex  a  of  the  V-shaped  groove  s  a  s1  in  the  lower 
edge  of  the  door  is  hinged  a  weather-strip  W,  the  inner  end  of  which 
rests  against  the  elevated  surface  E,  and  remains  in  contact  with  it  du¬ 
ring  the  opening  or  closing  of  the  door.  When  the  door  is  closed,  the 
lower  edge  of  the  weather-strip  is  in  contact  with  door-sill  C  ;  but 
when  the  door  is  being  opened,  the  weather-strip  following  the  line  y 
of  the  surface  E  will  sufficiently  rise  to  clear  the  door-sill.  The  door 
being  closed,  the  rain-water  running  down  the  outside  of  the  door  will 
suddenly  break  off  at  the  edge  s,  and  run  down  the  inclination  of  the 
sill.  The  weather-strip  makes  it  still  more  secure  against  wind  and 
rain. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  V-shaped  groove,  nor  the 
hinged  weather-strip,  nor  the  listing,  as  described,  as  they  have  been 
used  before. 

But  I  claim  the  peculiar  form  of  the  elevated  surface  or  plane  E,  in 
combination  with  the  V-shaped  groove,  weather-strip,  and  listing,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,090. — Orris  C.  Hill. — Improvement  in  Doors. — Patented  June 

19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  149.) 

c  is  a  strip  which,  (pressed  outwards  by  springs  in  the  groove  into 
which  the  strip  is  inserted,)  when  the  door  is  closed,  fits  tight  against 
the  bevel  d  of  the  casing. 

Claim,. — Inserting  springs  and  strips  c  into  grooves  in  the  bevelled 
top,  bottom,  or  outer  edge  of  a  door,  when  the  said  door  is  made  to  fit 
into  a  casing,  which  is  correspondingly  bevelled  d,  by  which  the  joints 
of  the  door  are  made  wind  and  water  proof,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,121. — Martin  Croke. — Improvement  in  Weather-Strips  for 

Doors. — Patented  June  26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  149.) 

The  nature  and  object  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from 
the  claim  and  engraving. 

Claim. — Placing  or  securing  a  strip  or  strips  g,  of  India-rubber, 
within  a  bar  C,  which  bar  is  fitted  within  a  recess  b  in  the  lower  end 
or  edge  of  the  door  B,  the  bar  C  being  rendered  adjustable  by  the  set¬ 
screws  d ,  substantially  as  shown  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


640 


IX. - CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


No.  13,279. — Wm.  E.  Worthen. — Improvement  in  Metallic  Blinds  for 

Doors  and  Windows. — Patented  July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  150.) 

The  slats  consist  of  tubes  a  filled  with  some  non-conducting  material  5, 
and  have  pivots  f  passing  through  and  sliding  in  slots  e  in  the  interior 
side-pieces  c.  The  vibrating  chains  h  are  each  attached  to  one  end  of 
arms  g;  the  lifting  cords  i  are  attached  to  the  lower  slat;  a  chain  h  con¬ 
nects  the  ends  of  plates  b1,  secured  to  the  pivots  f  which  serves  to  sup¬ 
port  the  slats  and  lessens  the  strain  upon  the  vibrating  chain ;  the 
locking  bar  s  is  pivoted  to  the  ends  of  two  small  levers  t  t.  This  bar  * 
can  be  moved  close  to  the  slat-arms  (see  fig.  1)  bearing  against  the  flat 
side  of  each.  When  held  in  this  position  by  means  of  a  catch,  the  slats 
will  be  effectually  prevented  from  being  turned  or  opened  from  the  outside. 

The  inventor  says:  I  state,  that  certain  parts  of  my  invention  may 
be  usefully  applied  out  of  the  connection  shown;  and  1  also  wish  to  be 
distinctly  understood  that  I  do  not  claim  as  of  my  invention  a  blind 
made  up  of  slats  capable  both  of  rising  and  falling,  and  of  vibrating, 
except  when  combined  with  pivots,  &c.,  as  set  forth  ;  and  also  that  I 
lay  no  claims  to  raising  and  vibrating  cords  or  chains,  except  when 
attached  and  located  as  claimed. 

But  I  claim  :  1st.  A  tubular  metallic  window-blind  slat,  containing  in 
the  cavity  thereof  a  non-conductor  of  heat,  constructed  and  applied 
substantially  as  specified. 

2d.  I  claim  pivots  and  grooves,  or  their  equivalents,  applied  substan¬ 
tially  as  set  forth,  in  combination  with  metallic  slats,  capable  of  vibra¬ 
tion  and  of  rising  and  falling,  by  which  a  firm  secure  shutter  is  consti¬ 
tuted,  while  the  ordinary  uses  of  inside  Venetian  blinds  are  stdl  retained. 

3d.  I  claim  a  locking-bar,  substantially  such  as  specified,  in  combination 
with  slats  capable  of  vibration  and  motion,  in  a  plane  vertical,  or  nearly  so. 

4th.  I  claim  arranging  arms  to  which  are  attached  vibrating  chains; 
and  also  vibrating  chains,  as  set  forth,  in  a  recess  separated  from  the 
slats  proper,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

And,  lastly,  I  claim  a  supporting  chain,  as  described,  in  combination 
with  slats  capable  of  vibration  and  motion  in  the  manner  and  for  the 
purposes  substantially  as  specified. 


No.  12,201. — Dean  S.  Howard. — Improvement  in  Dredging  Machines. 

— Patented  January  9,  1855.  (Plates,  pp.  150  and  151.) 

Fig.  1  of  the  engravings  represents  a  side  view  of  the  boat,  with 
three  different  positions  of  the  dredging  apparatus,  one  being  repre¬ 
sented  in  full  and  the  other  two  in  dotted  lines ;  fig.  2  exhibits  a  plan 
of  the  boat  and  machinery,  representing  only  about  one-half  of  it,  the 
other  half  being  exactly  similar;  fig.  3  represents  the  cam  or  chain- 
wheel;  fig.  4,  the  car;  and  figs.  5  are  side,  front,  and  bottom  views  of 
one  of  the  buckets. 

The  nature  of  the  various  improvements  can  plainly  be  understood 
from  the  claims;  a  more  detailed  description  would  occupy  too  much 
space. 

Claim. — 1st.  Constructing  the  bucket  h  with  a  truss-bar  q  across  its 


IX. - CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


641 


bottom,  which,  in  addition  to  stiffening  the  bottom  of  the  bucket,  serves 
as  a  guide  to  the  latch  5,  and  a  fastening  to  the  spring  t. 

2d.  Fastening  or  attaching  the  latch  to  the  bucket  by  a  lip  on  the 
rear  end  of  the  latch  entering  an  aperture  of  corresponding  size  in  the 
bottom  of  the  bucket,  the  latch  being  held  in  its  place  by  a  spring  bear¬ 
ing  on  it  at  any  point  between  the  lip,  which  forms  its  hinge  or  fulcrum, 
and  the  catch. 

3d.  Fastening  the  buckets  to  the  chains  by  a  bolt  passing  through 
the  links  of  the  chain  between  the  joints  and  through  the  ears  D  and 
hinges  of  the  doors  of  the  buckets  at  the  upper  end,  and  at  the  lower 
end  by  links  or  clay  cutters  p,  as  the  case  may  require,  one  end  of  which 
is  fastened  to  the  buckets,  one  on  either  side,  the  other  end  being 
secured  to  the  chain  g  by  a  bolt  passing  through  the  links  between  the 
joints  thereof ;  whereby  the  chains  are  allowed  to  conform  to  the  curve 
of  the  wheel  C,  whilst  the  buckets  are  suspended  between  them,  w?th- 
out  conforming  to  that  curve,  and  whereby  the  buckets  may  be  readily 
disengaged  from  the  chains,  when  out  of  order,  and  replaced  with 
others. 

4th.  Also  the  side  or  clay  cutters,  as  and  for  the  purposes  herein 
described. 

5th.  The  manner  of  raising  the  buckets  and  chains  into  their  rest 
position  for  transportation  from  place  to  place,  by  the  combination  of 
the  pulley-purchase  24  with  the  wheel  19  and  axle  20,  when  attached 
to  a  car  17  that  carries  the  upper  flange- wheels  E,  over  which  the 
bucket-chains  g  work,  operated  as  herein  described. 

0th.  The  self-acting  pawl  27  and  catch  25,  in  combination  as  de¬ 
scribed  ;  by  which  the  pinion  22  is  thrown  out  of  gear,  when  the  ma¬ 
chinery  from  any  cause  is  turned  back. 

7th.  The  manner  herein  described  of  feeding  by  the  feeding-ways  l. 

8th.  The  manner  of  feeding  or  winding  the  vessel  ahead  by  an  ec¬ 
centric  8  on  the  main  or  any  other  revolving  shaft,  operating  the  levers 
9  1 1  and  pawls  14,  in  combination  with  the  windlass  7.  Also  the  com¬ 
bination  of  the  pawl  14  with  the  vibrating  arms  15,  as  herein  described, 
whether  in  connexion  with  the  other  parts  of  this  teed  apparatus  or  not. 

9th.  The  construction  and  arrangement  of  the  anchors  31  and  32,  as 
herein  described,  in  combination  with  the  winding-head  40  on  the 
counter-shaft  f,  whereby  the  vessel  may  be  worked  ahead,  whether  the 
elevating  machinery  is  in  operation  or  not,  or  during  the  time  that  the 
feeding-ways  l  are  being  drawn  back  preparatory  to  taking  a  fresh  cut. 

10th.  The  manner  herein  described  of  constructing  the  cam  or  chain- 
wheels  C  e  e,  the  face  plates  n  on  the  periphery  of  the  wheel  being  of 
steel,  and  the  cams  m  removable,  so  that  they  may  be  turned  or  removed 
at  pleasure. 


No.  12,720. — Chas.  H.  Fonde. — Improvement  in  Dredging-Machines  — 
Patented  xApril  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  151.) 

The  radius-bar  A,  which  carries  the  pinion-shaft  0,  is  connected  with 
and  works  upon  the  main  shaft  D.  When  the  excavating- wheel  is 
raised,  the  radius-bar  will  draw  the  sliding-carriage  B  (on  which  the 

41 


642 


IX — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


pinion-shaft  C  is  mounted)  upon  the  slides  E,  thus  always  keeping  the 
pinion  in  gear  with  the  cogged  circumference  of  the  wheel.  The  ope¬ 
ration  of  the  latch  F  and  sluice-ways  G  G  is  apparent  from  the  figures. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  here  claim  the  excavating- wheel,  with 
buckets  across  the  periphery,  nor  the  tilting-tipper  for  discharging  the 
same,  nor  the  manner  of  applying  power  to  the  same,  nor  the  raising 
and  lowering  of  said  wheel ;  but  what  I  claim  is  :  the' device  for  keep¬ 
ing  the  wheel  in  gear  while  raising  and  lowering,  and  the  combination 
of  the  radius-bar  and  the  sliding-carriage  which  carries  the  shafts  of  the 
pinions,  and  also  moves  the  mitre-wheels  which  slide  on  the  feathered 
shafts  ;  as  this  device  and  this  combination  of  well-known  mechanical 
devices  is  my  own  invention,  and  has  enabled  me  to  keep  the  excava- 
ting-wheel  always  in  gear  with  the  engine,  and  has  never  been  so  ap¬ 
plied  before.  1  claim,  as  my  invention,  the  self-acting  latch  F ,  in  its 
particular  form  and  mode  of  adjustment,  it  being  so  shaped  and  adjust¬ 
ed  as  to  hold  on  to  the  lid  of  the  bucket  until  it  is  struck  by  the  tipper, 
and  so  balanced  that  by  its  own  gravity  it  will  fall  over  and  latch 
again  before  the  bucket  enters  the  water  ;  this  particular  form  and  ad¬ 
justment,  with  the  pin  marked  H,  does  away  with  the  necessity  of 
springs,  and  is  the  result  of  careful  and  expensive  experiments.  I  also 
claim  that  particular  combination  of  chutes,  or  sluice-ways  G  G,  which 
form  an  apex  under  the  discharging- tipper,  and  pass  athwartships  on 
an  incline  towards  the  scows,  which  particular  combination  has  enabled 
me  to  discharge  an  excavating-wheel  laterally  on  either  or  both  sides. 


Mo.  12,527. — George  W.  Wheatly. — Improvement  in  Eaves-Gutters 
of  Houses. — Patented  March  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  151.) 

The  sheets  of  metal  A  are  fastened  together,  and  one  edge  is  turned  up 
until  the  upright  part  B  will  be  perpendicular  when  placed  upon  the 
roof.  The  upper  edge  of  B  is  then  formed  into  a  moulding  C,  and  the 
strops  D  are  soldered  to  it ;  the  strops  being  of  sufficient  length  to  ex¬ 
tend  to  the  sheeting  above  the  gutter,  to  which  it  is  nailed. 

I  claim  the  application  of  a  bead  or  moulding,  together  with  the  strops, 
to  gutters  of  the  description  above,  giving  strength  to  the  gutter  with¬ 
out  the  aid  of  a  plank  or  other  substance. 


No.  12,514. — Robert  C.  Mauck. — Improved  Ditching- Machine. — Pat¬ 
ented  March  13,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  151.) 

By  turning  the  shaft  h  the  swinging-frame  F  will  be  moved  further  out 
or  in,  (by  the  action  of  cog-wheel  h  and  toothed  segment  g,)  so  that  the 
frame  E  will  be  more  or  less  inclined,  raising  the  heels  J  of  the  cheeks 
e  from  the  ground,  and  causing  the  edge  n  ot  the  cutter  B  (which  is 
confined  between  the  said  cheek-plates  e)  to  rest  on  the  ground.  Thus 
the  movement  of  the  frame  F  regulates  the  inclination  of  the  cutter, 
which  latter  is  to  be  suited  to  the  nature  of  the  soil. 

Claim. — The  described  mode  of  regulating  the  operation  of  the  cut¬ 
ter  or  plough  by  means  of  the  swinging  frame  F ,  connected  with  the 


IX. - CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


643 


body  of  the  machine,  substantially  as  specified,  in  connexion  with  the 
cheek-plates,  operating  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  12,651. — C.  Williams. — Improved  Excavating- Machine. — Patented 
April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  151.) 

Claim. — Having  the  frame  or  shaft  D  of  the  scoop  or  shovel  E 
formed  of  two  bars  c  e,  and  having  said  bars  working  between  friction 
rollers  d ,  in  guide-plates  c  c,  at  opposite  sides  of  the  pole  A.  The 
frame,  or  shaft,  and  shovel  being  operated  by  the  means  shown,  or 
their  equivalents. 


No.  12,91 9. — Jason  C.  Osgood. — Improvement  in  Submarine  Excavating - 

Machines. — Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  152.) 

This  improvement  consists,  first,  in  combining  with  submarine  exca- 
vating-machinery  C  well-hole  deposits  B,  which  are  built  within  the 
vessel  supporting  the  excavating-machinery  ;  and  also  railway  tracks  c 
c ,  upon  which  run  dumping  cars  d  for  the  purpose  of  conveying  the 
earth  from  the  excavators  D  to  the  well-hole  deposits,  for  the  purpose 
of  enabling  the  dredging-boat  (furnished  with  a  screw  or  paddle-wheel 
propeller)  to  be  self-tending,  and  to  dispense  with  the  mud-boat  tenders. 

Secondly,  in  combining  with  the  dredge-boat  submarine  drags  J,  said 
drags  being  permanently  affixed  by  hook  and  eye,  or  swivel-joint,  at 
one  end  to  the  side  of  the  boat,  and  at  the  drag-end  having  a  hoisting 
apparatus  connected  to  it  for  the  purpose  of  hoisting  the  drag-end 
quickly  up  to  the  boat  when  necessary  to  suspend  temporarily  the  use 
of  the  drag.  When  the  well-holes  are  filled,  the  cables  are  slipped 
and  the  boat  runs  out  into  deep  water,  and  (by  opening  the  well-hole 
doors  a)  drops  its  load. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  wish  to  be  understood  not  to  claim  as  new  the 
excavating-machinery,  the  well- hole  deposits,  the  railway  track,  and 
dumping-cars,  or  the  drags,  when  taken  separately. 

But  I  do  claim ,  1st.  The  combination  of  the  excavating-machinery,  the 
railway  track  and  car,  and  the  well-hole  deposits  of  the  float  or  vessel, 
when  combined  in  the  manner  substantially  and  for  the  purposes  of  a 
self-tending  submarine  excavating-boat,  as  herein  described  and  set 
forth. 

2d.  The  combination  of  the  drags  with  the  vessel  or  float  constructed 
as  herein  described,  said  combination  being  substantially  in  the  manner 
and  for  the  purposes  as  herein  set  forth. 


No  13.234. — Samuel  W.  Soule. — Improvement  in  Excavators. — Pat¬ 
ented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  152.) 

The  stationary  pins  c  on  the  cart-box  E  serve  to  guide  the  bucket- 
frame  F,  by  means  of  its  slots  into  the  various  positions  necessary  for 
loading  and  unloading  the  buckets  G  G,  which  positions  are  represented 
in  the  engraving,  one  in  full  and  the  other  three  in  dotted  lines.. 


644 


IX. - CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


Claim. — The  frame  F  placed  on  the  crank  D  of  the  axle  or  shaft  C, 
said  frame  being  furnished  with  buckets  G  G,  one  at  each  end,  and  en¬ 
closed  by  a  box  E  provided  with  transverse  pins  or  rods  c,  substan¬ 
tially  as  shown  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,282. — Edwin  Williams. — Improvement  in  Excavating  Ma¬ 
chines. — Patented  July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  152.) 

The  boom  i  is  held  to  its  pinion  k,  by  means  of  a  stirrup  n.  The 
operation  of  this  machine  will  be  understood  from  the  claim  and  en¬ 
graving. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  simply  an  excavating  shovel  hav¬ 
ing  an  extended  handle  capable  of  longitudinal  and  vibratory  motion, 
such  having  been  heretofore  employed. 

But  I  claim  an  excavating  shovel  or  scoop,  provided  with  one  or 
more  cables,  as  described,  or  their  equivalents,  and  having  its  rear 
portion  or  handle  hinged  to  one  extremity  of  a  boom,  which  has  longi¬ 
tudinal  and  vibratory  motion  about  an  elevated  pinion,  or  its  equivalent, 
the  unattached  extremity  of  said  boom  being  made  to  counterbalance 
the  scoop,  in  the  acts  of  dumping,  &c.,  as  explained. 


No.  13,680. — Benj.  Hancock. —  Improvement  in  Excavators. — Patented 

October  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  152.) 

The  rear  support  e  of  the  frame,  to  which  the  scoop  m  is  attached, 
is  made  adjustable  by  means  of  bolts  £  z  and  slot  i,  as  will  be  under¬ 
stood  from  the  engraving.  The  shaft  o  of  the  scoop  is  pivoted  at  m 
to  the  slotted  suspension-rod  q.  Lever  r  is  pivoted  to  shaft  a,  its  for¬ 
ward  end  being  bent  into  a  segment  of  a  circle,  the  centre  of  which  is 
at  p’,  the  rear  end  being  held  up  by  spring  s ,  and  the  segment  being 
toothed  to  engage  on  pin  t.  Handle  n  is  also  pivoted  at  p,  and  carries 
a  gliding  rim  u  to  hold  shaft  o  down  to  handle  n,  when  in  use. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  dumping  scoop,  constructed,  arranged,  and  oper¬ 
ated  substantially  as  described,  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 

2d.  In  combination  with  the  above,  the  movable  and  adjustable 
frame,  as  described,  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  12,921.-— J.  B.  Reyman. — Improvement  in  Fences. — Patented  May 

22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  152.) 

A  is  one  of  the  posts  supporting  the  wire  s,  which  passes  through 
holes  in  said  posts  ;  D  D  are  slender  strips  of  wood  forming  the  upper 
rail,  one  of  them  immediately  above  and  the  other  immediately  below 
the  wi&e.  The  pickets  are  fastened  to  the  upper  rail,  from  side  to 
•side1  alternately,  by  the  wire  s  passing  over  each,  and  from  side  to  side 
of  the  rajl.  The  lower  tends  of  the  pickets  are  fastened  to  the  lower 
rail  W 

Tq  mo  ye  the  protruding  braces  and  sills  K  M  to  permit  a  plough  to 
the  .fenqe,,  the  fence  is  to  be  lifted  sufficiently  to  disengage 


IX. - CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


645 


the  foot  of  standard  H  from  the  notch  in  the  sill,  which  allows  the 
brace  to  be  closed  flat  against  the  surface  of  the  standard,  the  sill  at 
the  same  time  passing  to  the  other  side  of  the  fence. 

Claim. — The  mode  of  fastening  pickets  to  the  rails,  in  making  fences, 
by  means  of  wire  s  combined  and  interwoven  with  the  rails  in  the 
manner  substantially  as  described.  Also,  fastening  the  brace  K  at  its 
upper  end  to  the  standard  H,  so  as  to  admit  of  a  hinge-motion,  in  the 
manner  and  for  the  purpose  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,844. — H.  H.  Dennis. — Improvement  in  Fences. — Patented  No¬ 
vember  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  153.) 

This  improvement  consists  in  connecting  the  rails  B  with  the  posts 
A  by  obliquely  grooving  the  under  face  of  the  rail  near  its  end  at  g,  so 
as  to  fit  upon  a  convex  bottomed  mortise  in  the  post,  (see  e  e ,)  and  be 
secured  therein  with  any  desired  inclination  to  the  post  by  a  wedge  w 
between  the  upper  surface  of  the  rail  and  the  top  d  of  the  mortise,  also 
convex,  P  are  the  palings. 

Figure  1  represents  a  section  on  a  larger  scale  than  the  rest  of  the 
figures. 

Claim. — The  described  mode  of  connecting  the  rail  and  post  by  mor¬ 
tise  with  convey  top  and  bottom  and  groove  g,  constructed,  arranged, 
and  operating  substantially  as  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  12,701. — John  Sweeney  and  Thomas  Sweeney. — Improvement 
in  Adjustable  Friction- Rollers. — Patented  April  10,  1S55.  (Plates, 
p.  153.) 

A  stationary  cylindrical  box  b  is  closed  by  two  circular  plates  c  c , 
which  have  suitable  central  openings  for  the  journal  i  to  pass  through. 
Within  said  box  there  are  two  circular  plates  d  d  with  similar  central 
openings.  Plates  d  d  are  firmly  connected  together  by  pins  e.  The 
journals  of  the  friction-rollers  g  run  in  boxes  /,  which  slide  in  ways  k 
on  plates  d,  and  are  continually  pressed  towards  the  journal  i  by  springs 
h.  The  inner  circumference  of  box  b  touches  the  circumferences  of  the 
rollers  g.  The  journal  i  being  revolved,  the  rollers  g  will  revolve  round 
their  axes ;  and  a*s  they  are  in  contact  with  the  inside  of  box  b ,  they 
(together  with  their  plates  d  d)  will  at  the  same  time  slowly  revolve 
within  said  box  around  journal  i,  instead  of  rubbing  against  the  box. 
Lest  there  should  be  friction  between  the  outer  face  of  plate  d,  and  the 
inner  face  of  plate  c ,  there  are  flanges  o  o  within  the  upper  half  of  the 
box  preventing  plates  d  from  approaching  plates  c. 

Claim. — The  use  of  sliding  boxes  to  carry  the  journals  of  the  friction- 
rollers,  in  combination  with  the  springs  for  the  purpose  of  pressing  them 
all  continually  against  the  surface  of  the  journal  or  gudgeon  of  the  shaft 
which  works  in  the  rollers,  so  as  to  make  them  all  revolve  as  the  journal 
revolves,  not  only  on  their  own  axes,  but  around  the  journal,  in  the  man¬ 
ner  herein  before  described. 


646 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING 


No.  12,652. — Enos  Woodruff. — Mechanism  by  which  approaching 

Vehicles  Open  and  Close  Gates. — Patented  April  3,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  153.) 

The  weights  E  are  wound  up  by  turning  the  gate  round  backwards. 
The  gate  is  held  shut  by  the  latches  F  and  the  catch  G ;  a  similar 
catch  upon  each  post  H  holds  the  gate  when  open.  These  catches,  as 
shown  in  figure  2,  are  double,  having  one  side  X  higher  than  the  other, 
to  stop  the  gate  when  closing,  and  at  the  same  time  to  allow  the  latch 
to  pass  over  freely  when  the  gate  is  turned  backward  to  wind  it  up. 
The  two  latches  are  caused  to  lift  simultaneously  by  the  cross-ties  I. 
The  pressure  of  a  wheel  upon  crank-levers  M  L  moves  lever  K  around 
its  fulcrum,  thereby  causing  the  upright  rod  o  to  lift  latch  F  out  of  catch 
G,  the  weights  causing  the  gate  to  rotate  till  stopped  and  held  open  by 
the  catches  on  posts  H.  The  wheel  passing  over  crank-lever  S  lifts  the 
latches  and  allows  the  weights  to  close  the  gate.  (The  crank-levers 
M  L  are  too  far  apart  to  be  moved  simultaneously  by  the  tread  of  an 
animal,  but  they  are  near  enough  to  allow  a  carriage- wheel  to  press 
upon  both  of  them  at  the  same  time;  the  motion  of  M  pushes  rod  N, 
thereby  withdrawing  block  P  from  under  the  end  of  crank-lever  L, 
which  can  then  be  depressed  by  the  wheel.) 

I  claim,  1st.  Applying  weights  in  the  manner  specified,  or  any  similar 
manner,  to  operating  the  gate. 

2d.  The  application  to  such  gates  of  the  manner  herein  described  of 
causing  both  latches  to  lift  at  the  same  time. 

3d.  The  application  of  catches,  with  one  side  higher  than  the  other, 
to  a  rotating  gate. 

4th.  The  manner  above  desciibed  of  preventing  the  tread  of  an  ani¬ 
mal  from  opening  the  gate,  or  any  mode  analogous  thereto. 


No.  12,790. — Cornelius  L.  Harsen  and  Moses  R.  Brailey. — Farm- 

Gates. — Patented  May  1,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  153.) 

The  planks  and  stiles  are  riveted  together,  so  as  to  allow  a  free 
vertical  movement  to  the  stile  a.  Attached  to  the  stile  a  is  the  bent 
lever  L,  which  is  connected  to  the  upper  part  of  stile  a 1  by  a  rod  R, 
rendering  the  distance  between  the  two  points  of  attachment  invariable, 
and  converting  the  lever  L  into  a  lever  of  the  first  order,  with  its  fulcrum 
at  i.  When  the  lever  is  moved  in  the  direction  of  the  arrow  the  stile  a 
will  be  raised,  lifting  the  catch  k  from  its  notch;  and  the  elevation  of  the 
gate  admits  of  its  passing  over  snow-drifts  and  other  obstructions. 

Claim. — The  construction  of  farm-gates  with  their  several  parts 
loosely  connected,  combined  with  the  bent  lever  L  and  diagonal  rod 
R,  arranged  and  operating  so  as  to  elevate  the  gate  in  opening  for  the 
passage  of  obstructions,  substantially  as  herein  set  forth. 


No.  12,914. — Henry  B.  Lum. — Improvement  in  Farm-Gates. — Patented 
May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  153.) 

This  gate  can  be  opened  and  closed  by  a  person  in  a  carriage  or  on 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING.  647 

horseback.  The  operation  of  this  gate  will  easily  be  understood  from 
the  claim  and  engravings. 

Claim. — Having  the  lower  ends  of  the  gate  A  secured  by  pivots  or 
rods  c  c  to  a  sill-piece  C,  and  having  a  series  of  strips  d  placed  on 
sleepers  or  secured  in  any  proper  manner  on  the  ground  at  one  side  of 
the  gate,  spaces  being  left  between  said  strips  to  allow  the  bars  or  lods 
b  to  pass  therein;  the  gate  having  a  weight  or  counterpoise  E,  one  or 
more,  attached  to  it  by  a  cord  or  chain  /,  which  passes  over  a  pulley  e 
attached  to  the  post  D,  one  or  two  posts  being  employed  ;  the  gate 
being  operated  by  the  levers  G  G,  with  the  cords  or  chains  g  g  h  at¬ 
tached  thereto.  The  above  parts  being  arranged  substantially  as  herein 
shown  and  for  the  purpose  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,930. — Caleb  Winegar. — Method  of  Closing  and  Opening  Gates , 

Sfc. — Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  153.) 

The  crank  V  (revol\  ed  by  weight  rope  and  gearing  H  I  K  N)  is  of 
sufficient  length  to  open  the  gate  during  one  half  and  shut  it  during  the 
other  half  of  one  revolution.  The  gate,  which  is  represented  half  open 
in  the  figure,  has  a  latch  D,  which  falls  in  catches  C  or  C1  when  closed 
or  open.  The  pulling  of  cord  Q  or  Y  will  release  the  latch  from  the 
catch  by  means  of  the  elbows  and  rods  F  S  E,  and  the  gate  will  then 
be  opened  or  closed  by  the  action  of  the  weight,  crank,  and  pitman  P. 

Claim. — The  opening  and  shutting  of  gates  or  doors  by  the  means 
before  described ;  that  is,  by  means  of  a  retentive  or  reserved  power, 
so  that  a  gate  or  door  may  be  opened  or  closed  a  succession  of  times, 
let  it  be  obtained  by  winding  up  a  spring  or  weight,  or  whether  gear 
is  used,  or  cord  and  pulleys. 

Also  the  application  of  the  wires  and  the  said  right  angular  irons  or 
elbows  to  the  opening  and  of  shutting  gates,  &c.,  in  the  manner  before 
described;  not  intending,  in  these  claims,  to  limit  to  the  precise  arrange¬ 
ment  of  parts  herein  described,  but  to  vary  the  same  at  pleasure,  while 
the  same  ends  are  attained  by  means  substantially  the  same. 


No.  13,109. — William  Thompson. — Self-operating  Circular  Gate. — 

Patented  June  19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  153.) 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  many  modifications  of  the  de¬ 
scribed  gates  may  be  made ;  I  therefore  do  not  confine  myself  to  the 
precise  form  shown. 

I  claim  constructing  the  gate  B  of  circular  form,  and  having  said  gate 
rest  upon  a  vibrating  rail  C,  which  is  connected  to  a  platform  D,  or  ar¬ 
ranged  in  any  proper  wa}r,  so  that  said  rail  may  be  inclined  either  by 
the  weight  of  the  person,  vehicle,  or  animal,  which  is  to  pass  through 
it,  or  by  any  other  device,  and  cause  the  gate  to  roll  down  the  de¬ 
pressed  end  of  the  rail,  and  consequently  leave  a  free  or  open  space 
between  the  posts,  said  gate  closing  or  returning  to  its  original  posi¬ 
tion  between  the  posts,  when  the  rail  is  relieved  of  the  weight  or 
pressure  which  first  actuated  it. 


648 


IX. — CIYIL  ENGINEERING. 


No.  13,445. — Caleb  Winegar. — Improved  Device  for  Opening  and 

Closing  Gates—  Patented  August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  154.) 

A  cog-  wheel  N  is  placed  upon  shaft  y ,  in  the  place  of  the  driving- 
crank  in  the  original  patented  machine  referred  to  in  the  following 
claim.  Pinion  U  on  shaft  2  meshes  into  cog-wheel  N.  The  fan  T 
turns  loosely  on  the  shaft  2,  and  is  driven  by  ratchet-wheel  V,  which  is 
fast  on  the  shaft;  the  spring  catch  W  plays  into  V,  and  thus  the  fan  is 
driven  ;  so  that  when  the  gate  stops  suddenly,  the  fan  runs  on  with  its 
own  momentum  and  does  not  add  to  the  jar  or  shock. 

The  inventor  says :  1  claim  the  fan-wheel  T,  and  shaft  2,  and  cog¬ 
wheel  N,  the  ratchet-wheel  V,  and  spring  catch  W,  as  applied  to  said 
invention. 

All  else  I  disclaim  in  this  patent  as  having  been  patented  to  me  in 
said  original  machine,  (date  of  patent,  May  29,  1855,)  and  held  by  me 
under  said  patent;  not  intending  in  these  claims  to  limit  myself  to  the 
precise  arrangements  of  the  parts  described,  but  to  vary  the  same  at 
pleasure,  while  I  attain  the  same  ends  by  means  substantially  the 
same. 


No.  13,658. — Smith  A.  Skinner. — Improved  Farm  Gate . — Patented 

October  9;  1855.  (Plates,  p.  154.) 

The  latch-bar  L  slides  horizontally  between  two  scrolls  g  and  h.  h 
moves  the  latch-bar  towards  pulley  c,  and  g  elevates  the  latch-bar 
during  such  movement,  in  order  that  the  latch-bar  may  be  brought 
directly  into  the  path  of  cam-notch  M,  when  the  gate  is  raised  to  its 
highest  position,  or  the  gate  is  closed,  so  as  to  maintain  the  gate  in  its 
elevated  position.  The  gate  can  be  lowered  and  then  elevated  by 
pulling  first  the  one  and  then  the  other  of  the  cords  G  H. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  elevating  a  gate  by  means  of  a 
windlass  and  draft  and  connecting-chains  ;  nor  making  the  gate  to  close 
into  a  recess  below  its  sill ;  nor  balancing  a  gate  by  means  of  counter¬ 
balance  weights,  cords,  and  pulleys. 

I  claim  the  manner  of  making  the  gate,  viz :  of  a  series  of  bars  or 
chains  D  D,  and  upright  chains  connected  and  arranged  as  specified, 
and  so  as  to  fold  into  and  unfold  out  of  a  recess  a  below  the  sill  A,  as 
explained. 

I  also  claim  the  combination  and  the  arrangement  of  the  latch-bar 
L  and  the  scrolls  g  h ,  the  same  being  constructed  and  applied  to  the 
windlass,  and  made  to  operate  substantially  as  specified. 


No.  13,673. — John  K.  Weber. — Improved  Method  of  Operating  Farm 
Gates. — Patented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  154.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  levers  a  a1  b  ll,  cords  a~  a3  II  l3,  in 
combination  with  the  spring  bolt,  for  opening  and  closing  a  gate,  which 


IX. - CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


649 


opens  and  shuts  both  ways,  the  whole  operated  and  operating  substan¬ 
tially  in  the  manner  set  forth. 


No.  13,624. — Henry  Sizer  and  Elisha.  Stone. — Apparatus  for  Open¬ 
ing;  and  Closing  Hatchways. — Patented  October  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 

154.) 

Supposing  the  scuttle-doors  L  to  be  closed,  and  the  hook  and  rope 
drawn  up  near  to  cylinder  B,  the  rope  F  is  to  be  pulled  downwards, 
which  will  also  carry  the  rack  and  chain  downwards,  so  that  the  teeth 
of  said  rack  K  come  in  contact  with  the  teeth  of  the  gears  M  N,  which 
turns  them,  and  consequently  the  segment  M  by  which  the  doors  are 
opened;  the  rope  and  hook  (attached  to  cylinder  B)  are  farther  low¬ 
ered  by  pulling  rope  F  farther  downwards,  so  as  to  attach  it  to  the 
load,  which  can  then  be  raised  by  pulling  rope  F  the  opposite  way. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  chain-wheel  H,  the  chain  I,  the  rack  K,the  doors 
L,  with  segments  of  gears  M  or  whole  gears  attached  to  them,  and 
the  gears  N,  or  the  equivalent  of  any  of  these,  for  the  purpose  of  open¬ 
ing  and  closing  hatchways  or  scuttle-doors,  essentially  as  set  forth. 

2d.  The  parts  mentioned,  either  or  all  of  them,  in  combination  with 
the  cylinder  B,  the  rope-wheel  E,  and  the  gears  C  and  D,  lor  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  opening  and  closing  the  doors  of  scuttles  and  hatchways,  es¬ 
sentially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,136. — Jean  Francois  Le  Moulnier. — Improvement  in  Construct¬ 
ing  Pavements ,  dec. — Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  154.) 

The  object  of  this  improvement  is  to  pave  with  blocks  of  stone  fitted 
to  and  interlocking  each  other,  so  that  the  joints  shall  be  close;  all  this 
without  the  labor  of  dressing  the  blocks. 

A  preparation  of  asphaltum,  or  its  equivalent,  is  cast  around  the 
separate  rough  blocks  of  stone,  placed  in  suitable  moulds  to  give  the 
block  coated  with  asphaltum  the  desired  shape,  as,  for  instance,  tongued 
and  grooved  as  shown  in  the  figure. 

The  block  of  stone  is  heated  before  the  asphaltum  is  cast  around  it, 
by  means  of  which  the  compound  is  made  to  adhere  thoroughly  to  the 
surface  of  the  stone. 

Claim. — Effecting  the  thorough  union  of  the  asphalte  compound,  or 
any  equivalent  therefor,  and  stone,  by  heating  the  blocks  of  stone  pre¬ 
viously,  substantially  as  specified. 


No.  12,172. — Chapman  Warner  .-—Improvement  in  Cast-iron  Pave¬ 
ments. — Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  155.) 

Longitudinal  bars  a  are  laid  down  parallel  to  each  other  and  at  equal 
distances.  They  are  represented  in  a  top  view  in  fig.  1,  in  a  perspec¬ 
tive  view  in  fig.  4,  in  an  elevation  in  fig.  2,  and  in  a  cross  section  in 
fig.  3.  The  indentations  h  serve  to  present  a  somewhat  roughened 
surface.  The  keys  or  cross-bars  i,  (fig.  1,  top  view  ;  fig.  3,  front  view; 
fig.  2,  sections,)  which  are  wider  at  the  bottom,  and  have  the  proper 


650 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


profile,  so  as  to  fit  exactly  the  tapering  body,  the  rib  e,  and  the  square 
head  of  the  bars  a,  are  driven  between  these  bars  till  they  abut  against 
the  small  projections  d  f  when  they  are  secured  by  little  cross-pins 
which  are  to  be  driven  through  the  holes  h  in  the  bars  a.  The  last 
row  of  keys  is  inserted  at  an  angle,  and  driven  in  its  place  as  repre¬ 
sented  in  i  y,  fig.  1. 

Claim. — The  above  described  bars  connected,  sustained,  and  bound 
together  by  the  keys  or  cross-pieces,  substantially  in  the  manner  and 
for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,755. — George  Neilson,  assignor  to  George  Neilson  and  Neiie- 
miah  Hunt. — -Improvement  in  Ccist-iron  Pavements. — Patented  April 
17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  155.) 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  a  pavement-block  of  a  hexagonal 
form,  nor  with  a  perimeter  formed  by  six  hexagons  disposed  around  a 
common  or  central  hexagon,  as  shown  in  fig.  4. 

But  I  do  claim  making  a  paving-block  with  a  perimeter  of  thirty 
faces,  arranged  as  shown  in  fig.  1,  and  formed  by  sixteen  hexagons  or 
hexagonal  prisms  disposed  with  respect  to  one  another,  as  therein  rep¬ 
resented  ;  the  same  enabling  such  a  block,  where  it  abuts  against  a 
contiguous  block  when  laid  in  a  pavement,  to  be  supported  by  a  semi- 
hexagonal  projection  and  recess,  as  described. 


No.  12,130. — Alexander  Holmstrom. — Improved  Apparatus  for  Atmos¬ 
pheric  Pile-Driving . — Patented  January  2, 1855.  (Plates,  p.  155.) 

A  is  the  hollow  pile,  and  B  the  air-lock,  its  base  being  bolted  upon 
the  head  of  the  pile,  thereby  forming  the  cap,  equivalent  to  the  usual 
mode.  Supposing  the  hollow  pile  to  have  been  sent  down  by  the 
vacuum  and  to  have  become  arrested  by  an  obstruction,  the  force  of  the 
compressed  air  is  now  to  be  employed  to  empty  the  water  and  leave 
the  obstructing  object  bare  for  removing  it.  Cover  bl  is  taken  away 
from  man-hole  6,  and  a  length  of  pipe  sufficient  to  reach  near  the 
bottom  is  bolted  upon  flange  i1  of  discharge-pipe  i.  Cover  Ir  is  then 
raised  to  close  hole  b  from  within.  Now  the  air-pumps  force  air  in 
through  hole  A,  sfnd  man-hole  c  being  open,  the  pressure  extends 
through  both  air-lock  and  pile,  keeping  up  cover  6~.  The  pressure 
upon  the  water’s  surface  forces  it  out  through  discharge- pipe  i,  after 
which  the  workmen  can  descend.  Now  the  operation  on  the  bottom 
commences.  The  shaft  of  windlass  C  is  kept  in  continual  rotation  from 
without,  and  the  windlass  is  thrown  in  or  out  of  gear  from  within.  The 
matter  hoisted  into  the  air-lock  is  removed  therefiom  without  disturb¬ 
ing  the  workmen.  Cover  c2  is  shut  up  against  c,  cock  d  opened,  and 
the  compressed  air  rushing  out,  an  equilibrium  is  produced  causing 
cover  /; 2  to  fall  open,  the  pressure  being  still  maintained  within  A  by 
the  force-pumps  continuing  to  work.  The  matter  being  removed  from 
the  air-lock,  cover  IP  is  once  more  closed  against  b ,  air-cock  k  opened, 
and  the  pressure  in  air-lock  and  pile  equalized,  allowing  cover  c2  to 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


651 


fall  open,  and  restoring  again  the  communication  between  air-lock  and 
pile. 

As  soon  as  the  men  desire  to  come  out  they  open  air- cock  E,  whereby 
the  pressure  is  taken  off  and  the  cover  c2  allowed  to  open. 

Pipe  g  leads  to  the  exhausted  receiver  or  to  the  air-pumps. 

Claim. —  1st.  Constructing  the  “air-lock”  in,  such  manner  that  the 
pressure  of  the  air,  either  within  the  lock  or  within  the  hollow  pile, 
may  be  governed  by  the  workmen  inside,  whereby  they  are  thus  en¬ 
abled  wholly  to  control  the  means  of  escape  for  t  hemselves. 

2d.  Combining  with  the  air-lock  a  hoisting-apparatus,  to  which  the 
*  moving  power  is  given  from  the  outside  ol  the  lock  ;  but  the  applica¬ 
tion  of  that  power  to  the  windlass  is  made  by  the  workmen  within, 
whenever  the  same  may  be  required,  whereby  those  men  are  not  only 
relieved  from  any  extra  exertion,  but  the  ability  is  also  maintained  of 
applying  greater  force  than  could  be  done  were  the  motive  power 
given  from  within :  the  whole  being  constructed  and  operating  substan¬ 
tially  as  set  forth  herein. 


No.  12,789. — James  Fleming. — Improved  Machine  for  Saiving  off 

Piles  under  water. — Patented  May  1,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  155.) 

The  machine  is  suspended  by  the  ring  7r,  and  is  brought  towards  the 
pile  with  the  jaws  B  opened  till  the  pile  is  embraced  within  said  jaws. 
The  whole  machine  is  then  lowere-d  approximately  to  the  depth  re¬ 
quired  by  the  sawing.  The  jaws  B  are  then  closed  around  the  pile  by 
turning  the  capstan-wheel  f  which  moves  the  pinion  c,  and  brings  to¬ 
gether  the  opposite  extremities  of  the  tongs  by  means  of  the  curved 
rack  d‘,  the  pawl  h  is  then  thrown  into  the  ratchet  g,  and  secures  the 
hold  of  the  jaws.  The  shaft  E  is  then  secured  in  its  position,  and  an 
exact  adjustment  of  the  saw  to  the  proper  depth  is  made  by  means 
of  the  turn-buckle  p  operating  upon  the  screw-rod  q ,  which  raises  or 
lowers  the  arm  F1,  carrying  the  lower  end  of  shaft  G,  to  which  the 
saw  is  fixed.  The  upper  end  of  the  saw-shaft  slides  freely  thiough 
the  box  l  in  the  upper  arm  F;  which  arm  F  cannot  move,  as  set¬ 
screws  o  confine  the  bosses  of  an  arm  L  between  the  bosses  mm  of  arm 
F.  The  pulleys  J,  K,  1,  transmit  motion  to  the  saw  H.  The  feeding 
up  of  the  saw  to  the  pile  is  effected  by  means  of  pinions  d1  dl  in  the 
ends  of  the  arms  L  L1  and  the  curved  racks  t  tl.  The  lower  arm  L, 
acting  by  means  of  feather  n  in  the  spline  w1,  moves  up  or  down  to¬ 
gether  with  arm  F1.  But  both  arms  L  and  L1  cannot  swing  round  the 
fixed  shaft  E,  and  they  form  the  fixed  points  of  resistance  irom  which 
the  arms  F  F1,  carrying  the  saw-shaft,  are  moved  ;  the  pinions  d}  dl  con¬ 
sequently  acting  upon  the  curved  racks  t  t1  fixed  to  the  ends  of  the 
arms  F  F1,  communicate  a  horizontal  motion  to  these  latter  arms,  which 
carry  the  saw  towards  the  pile,  the  feeding  being  regulated  by  the 

hand  feed- wheel  z.  . 

Claim. — The  combination  of  a  circular-saw  and  its  shaft  carried  in 

movable  arms  upon  and  around  a  stationary  shaft,  which  sustains  the 
driving- pulleys,  and  which  is  fixed  to  an  adjustable  tongs  or  clamp. 


652 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


substantially  as  above  described,  for  the  purpose  of  cutting  or  sawing 
off  piles  under  water. 

Also,  the  method  of  fastening  to  the  pile  to  be  sawed  by  means  of  a 
clamp  or  adjustable  tongs  with  suitable  jaws  and  teeth,  as  above  de¬ 
scribed. 

Also,  the  method  of  feeding  a  circular-saw  from  points  of  resistance 
fixed  upon  a  stationary  shaft  by  means  of  arms,  curved  racks,  and 
pinions,  as  above  set  forth. 


No.  12,300. — John  M.  Bull. — Improvement  in  Hand-Rails  for  Stairs . 

Patented  January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  155.) 

The  inventor  states  that  railing  is  stronger  and  easier  made  by  com¬ 
posing  its  curved  parts  of  single  blocks  1,  2,  3,  &c.,  and  connecting 
them  by  a  curved  bolt-rod  A  and  nuts  B,  than  when  it  has  to  be  cut 
out  of  the  solid  block. 

Claim- — Joining  a  series  of  blocks  of  wood  or  other  material  together 
at  such  angles  as  will  form  any  circle  or  curve  that  may  be  required, 
and  secure  the  same  together  by  means  of  a  rod  provided  with  a  screw 
and  nut  at  each  end,  or  any  other  mechanical  equivalent,  all  as  repre¬ 
sented,  and  for  the  purpose  substantially  as  specified. 


No.  13,956. — George  B.  Pullinger. — Improvement  in  Automatic  Gate 
for  Railroad-Crossings. — Patented  December  18,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  156.) 

The  automatic  gates,  or  barrier-bar  A,  co'nsist  of  rods  extending  the 
full  width  of  the  crossings,  one  on  either  side  of  the  railroad -track  ;  at 
right  angles  with  this,  rods  are  bent ;  the  side-bars  A1  pivoted  at  their 
centres  to  uprights  B.  Said  side-bars  have  weights  attached  to  their 
ends  sufficient  to  keep  them  always  in  a  raised  position  when  not  ope¬ 
rated  upon  by  vehicles  or  other  objects.  One  of  the  side-bars  of  each 
of  the  gates  is  provided  with  upright  connecting-rods  C  D,  jointed  to 
it  near  its  fulcrum.  The  connecting-rod  C1,  on  the  inside  of  the  bolt,  is 
attached  to  an  inclined  bar,  secured  to  the  end  of  the  raising  and  falling 
flap  E,  extending  the  full  width  of  the  passage ;  said  flap  turning  on 
a  bar  upon  uprights  fixed  in  the  ground.  The  other  connecting-rods 
D,  outside  the  bolt  on  which  the  side  bar  moves,  are  jointed  in  a  similar 
manner  to  other  movable  flaps  F,  arranged  between  flaps  F  and  the 
railroad  track.  The  up-and-down  movements  of  flaps  E  and  F  are 
independent  of  each  other ;  the  slots  in  the  inside  connecting-rods  C1 
allowing  the  bolts  passing  through  them  to  rise  freely  without  affecting 
the  flaps  E  when  the  flaps  F  are  depressed,  and  with  them  the  barrier- 
bars,  and  yet  enabling  the  said  barrier-bars  to  be  depressed  when  the 
said  flaps  E  should  be  depressed.  On  the  ends  of  the  flaps  E,  opposite  to 
those  where  the  connecting-rods  C  and  D  are  attached,  are  secured 
studs  G;  immediately  under  these  studs  are  arranged  upright-bars  H, 
joined  to  a  permanent  structure.  The  railroad-track  can  be  crossed 
when  bar  H  is  drawn  from  beneath  projection  G,  or  forced  back  by 
spring  I ;  then  only  (when  flap  E  has  a  free  downward  movement)  tire 


IX. - CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


653 


barrier-bar  A  can  be  depressed  and  the  crossing  opened.  The  mechan¬ 
ism  to  operate  bar  H,  by  the  approach  of  a  train,  is  composed  as 
follows:  When  the  inclined  bars  N  N,  projecting  above  the  track  at  a 
distance  from  the  crossing  of  say  MOO  yards,  are  depressed  by  the  rim 
of  the  wheels  of  the  locomotive,  the  rock-shaft  P  is  turned  by  the  arms 
O,  so  that  through  radial  arms  q  and  rods  R  R1  the  lever  M  will  be 
pushed  back  against  spring  M1  and  permit  lever  K  a  free  vibration  on 
its  centre  ;  spring  I  is  then  allowed  to  move  bar  H  beneath  projection 
G,  and  thus  prevent  the  opening  of  the  gate.  After  the  train  has 
passed  the  crossing,  the  tread  of  the  wheels  depresses  another  inclined 
bar  V,  situated  at  a  distance  from  the  crossing  sufficient  to  allow  the 
longest  train  to  pass  it  before  reaching  said  bar  V,  the  depression  of 
which  causes  rock-shaft  V  to  turn;  and  by  means  of  rods  1  and  2,  joint¬ 
ed  to  said  rock-shaft  Y  by  double  radial  arms  Z,  lever  3,  fixed  on  the 
axis  of  lever  K,  will  make  a  vibration  and  thereby  replace  said  lever 
K  in  the  notch  of  lever  M,  by  aid  of  spring  M1,  and  bar  H  is  removed 
from  beneath  stud  G.  After  the  train  has  passed  the  crossing,  nothing 
will  prevent  the  opening  of  the  barrier-bars  or  gates.  Figures  2  and  3 
represent  only  about  one-half  of  the  longitudinal  sections,  the  other  half 
being  exactly  alike  ;  x  x  indicates  the  centre  line  of  the  crossing.  The 
construction  of  the  flaps  E  F  and  appurtenances  being  similar  on  both 
sides  of  the  track,  fig.  1  represents  it  only  on  one  side  of  the  track. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  mechanism  attached  to  the  railroad- 
track,  and  operated  upon  by  the  locomotive  or  cars  for  detaching  from 
and  bringing  in  contact  the  notched  end  of  lever  M  with  the  end  of  the 
vibrating-lever  K,  with  the  upright  spring- levers  H,  studs  or  projections 
G,  on  the  ends  of  the  flaps  E;  and  the  means  of  operating  the  flaps  E 
F  and  gates  or  barrier-bars  so  as  to  enable  the  said  gates  or  barrier- 
bars  to  be  depressed  by  the  weight  of  the  horse,  or  other  object,  when 
no  danger  is  to  be  apprehended  from  the  near  approach  of  the  loco¬ 
motive  or  cars  ;  but  prevent  the  said  gates  or  barrier- bars  being  depressed 
to  allow  the  passage  on  the  track  of  any  object,  after  the  locomotive  or 
cars  having  reached  a  point  on  the  track  sufficiently  near  the  crossing 
to  render  the  passage  of  such  object  unsafe,  and  yet -allow  the  said  ob¬ 
ject  to  depress  the  gate  or  barrier-bar,  through  the  agency  of  the  inner 
flaps  F,  to  get  out  from  between  the  same,  in  case  the  locomotive  or 
cars  should  have  reached  the  point  where  it  operates  on  the  inclined 
bars  N,  to  prevent  the  depression  of  the  outer  flaps  E,  and  consequent¬ 
ly  of  tne  gates  or  barrier-bars  through  this  agency,  until  after  the  pas¬ 
sage,  by  the  crossing  of  the  said  locomotive  and  cars,  in  the  manner  and 
for  the  purposes  described. 


No.  13,235. — Sophia  B.  Sp afford,  administratrix,  and  George 
Alexander,  administrator  of  the  estate  of  Simeon  L.  Spafeord,  de¬ 
ceased. — Improvement  in  Railroad  Draw- Bridge  Signals. — Patented 
July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  156.) 

The  signal-boards  A  are  painted  red  on  one  face  and  white  on  the 
other.  The  lanterns  are  so  placed  that  when  the  white  face  of  the 
boards  is  exposed  to  view,  the  white  lantern  is  seen  below  the  boards 


654 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


(see  figure  1) ;  and  when  the  red  face  of  the  boards  is  exposed,  the  red 
lantern  is  seen  above  the  boards  (see  figure  2).  The  boards  are  con¬ 
nected  with  the  frame  B  by  a  revolving-joint,  and  attached  to  the 
sliding  frame  C,  which  is  moved  vertically  in  grooves  in  frame  B  by 
the  join ted-le vers  K ;  one  lever  being  attached  to  each  signal-board. 
The  sliding-frame  is  attached  to  lever  G  by  connecting-rod  F.  The 
signal  is  applied  to  a  draw-bridge,  or  any  revolving  or  reciprocating 
structure;  the  stop-lock  H  passing  down  from  the  lower  side  of  the 
signal-lever  G  into  a  notch  in  the  sub-structure.  To  move  the  stop-lock 
down  into  its  notch,  the  horizontal  sliding-plate  L  M  must  be  drawn  into 
position  L1  M1,  so  as  not  to  interfere  with  the  downward- motion  of  H. 
Through  one  arm  of  the  latch-lever  I  passes  the  end  of  a  horizontal- 
lever,  connected  with  the  latches  by  rods ;  and  the  fulcrum  of  the  hori¬ 
zontal-lever  is  fixed  at  such  a  point,  that  when  the  horizontal-arm  of  the 
latch  lever  is  drawn  back,  the  draw-bridge  is  latched  or  fastened.  To 
unlatch  it  the  boards  A  must  first  be  turned  by  raising  lever  G ;  which 
operation  also  elevates  stop-lock  H  so  as  to  permit  plate  L  M,  attached 
to  the  latch-lever,  to  slide  into  position  L1  M1.  Latch  lever  I  can  then 
be  moved  aside.  In  raising  the  stop-lock,  the  rod  F  at  the  same  time 
raises  the  sliding-frame.  Thus  the  signal- boards  are  made  to  describe  a 
semi-circle,  thereby  exposing  the  red  face  of  the  signal-boards  and  the 
red  lanterns  above  them. 

Claim, . — 1st.  The  combination  of  the  sliding  signal-frame  C,the  signal- 
boards  A  A  A  A,  the  signal-lanterns  D,  and  the  signal-lever  G,  arrang¬ 
ed  and  operating  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  substantially  as  de¬ 
scribed. 

2d.  The  combination  of  the  sliding  signal-frame  C,  the  signal-boards 
A  A  A  A,  the  signal-lever  G,  and  the  stop-lock  H,  arranged  and 
operating  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  substantially  as  described. 

3d.  The  combination  of  the  latch-lever  I,  the  signal-lever  G,  and  the 
sliding-plate  L  M,  arranged  and  operating  in  the  manner  and  for  the 
purpose  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,378. — Jacob  Busser. — Improvement  in  Railroad  Signals. — 
Patented  August  7,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  157.) 

T  is  the  railroad  track.  A  train  coming  towards  the  draw  will  pass 
over  and  depress  cam  A,  and  thereby  sound  the  alarm  simultaneously 
on  the  bell  H2  at  the  draw  and  on  the  bell  H  on  the  road,  so  as  to  give 
the  engineer  on  the  locomotive  warning  that  the  draw  is  open.  The 
act  of  closing  the  draw  moves  (by  means  of  proper  mechanism)  the 
bells  aside,  so  that  no  alarm  will  be  given  when  the  draw  is  closed* 
When  the  train  runs  from  the  draw  the  cam  B  will  be  depressed,  the 
rod  r  passes  through  a  slot  in  spring  C,  and  pressing  on  rod  E  frees  the 
catch  at  the  end  of  rod  E  from  the  spring  C.  After  the  wheels  have 
passed,  the  cam  B  and  rod  r  rise  to  their  former  position,  and  the  end 
of  the  spring  is  again  in  the  catch  ready  for  action. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  confine  myself  to  the  bells  for  producing 
the  alarm,  as  the  same  may  be  effected  by  means  of  a  gong  or  any 
other  suitable  device.  Nor  do  I  confine  myself  to  placing  the  parts 


IX. - CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


655 


above  and  below  the  ground,  as  shown  and  described,  as  it  may  be 
better  that  the  parts  be  all  placed  under  ground,  excepting  the  bells 
and  hammer,  or  their  equivalents;  the  beds,  spring,  cams,  &c.,  have 
ad  been  used  in  various  ways  for  producing  alarms;  I  therefore  do  not 
claim  them  separately. 

I  am  aware  that  signals  of  various  kinds  have  been  so  arranged  and 
connected  to  a  railroad  track  as  to  be  operated  by  the  passing  locomo¬ 
tive.  These  I  do  not  claim,  independent  of  my  special  means  of 
arranging  and  operating  them. 

I  claim  the  combination  of  the  cams  A  B,  spring  C,  and  the  rod  E, 
operating  upon  the  bell  or  its  equivalent  H2  and  spring  P,  which  are 
placed  upon  the  draw  of  the  bridge ;  so  that  a  locomotive  in  approach¬ 
ing  the  draw  will  sound  the  alarm,  whilst  a  locomotive  coming  from 
the  draw  will  pass  over  the  same  cams  without  sounding  the  alarm, 
substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,505. — C.  M.  Eakin. — Improvement  in  Excluding  Dirt  from 

Grooved  Railroad  Rails. — Patented  March  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 
15B) 

This  improvement  refers  to  the  grooved  rails  used  for  railroads  pass¬ 
ing  through  cities,  and  it  consists  in  the  application  within  the  groove 
of  India-rubber  B  that  will  yield  to  the  flanges  of  the  railroad  wheels 
as  the}r  pass  over  it,  but  after  the  wheels  leave  it  free  will  spring  up 
again  level  with  the  face  of  the  rail. 

Claim. — The  application  of  an  elastic  filling  to  the  groove  which  is 
formed  in  the  track  to  receive  the  flanges  of  the  wheel,  substantially 
as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  12,704. — Isaac  B.  Trimble. — Improvement  in  Wooden  Splice-piece 
for  Raihvays. — Patented  April  10,  1855.  Antedated  October  10, 
1854.  (Plates,  p.  157.) 

No  description  required. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  claim  the  combination  of  a  wooden  splice-piece 
strong  enough  to  resist  the  lateral  and  vertical  disturbances  to  which 
the  adjacent  ends  of  rails  are  liable,  in  combination  with  any  form  of 
rail  competent  to  its  purpose,  without  other  support  throughout  than  its 
own  stiffness,  the  said  splice-piece  and  rail,  in  the  combination  now 
claimed,  being  fastened  together  and  fastened  down  in  the  manner  here¬ 
tofore  described. 

1  am  aware  of  a  patent  granted  to  B.  H.  Latrobe  for  a  combined 
rail  of  wood  and  iron,  where  the  two  are  bolted  together  throughout, 
the  wood  and  iron  breaking  joints ;  but  the  rail  in  this  case  is  a  rail 
which  is  incapable  ol  being  used  by  itself  its  form  being  peculiar  and 
relating  to  its  combination,  while  the  combination  made  by  me  is  with 
the  rai?  in  common  use,  and  is  capable  of  being  substituted  on  such  rail 
without  other  preparation  than  drilling  or  punching  the  bolt-holes  in 
place  of  any  of  the  chains  or  fastenings  now  in  use. 


656 


IX  — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


No.  13,051. — Hosea  D'.  Searles. — Improvement  in  Guard-Bails  of 

Railroads ,  to  be  used  wit  a  Pronged  Cow-Catchers. — Patented  June 
12,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  157.) 

Guard-rails  or  ribs  d  are  laid  parallel  with  the  usual  rails  c,  project¬ 
ing  considerably  above  the  latter,  so  that  the  prongs  P  of  the  cow¬ 
catcher  shall  run  between  them  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  acci¬ 
dents  caused  by  obstructions  lying  on  the  rails  too  low  to  be  turned 
aside  by  the  cow-catcher. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  several  patents  have  been 
granted  for  central  guard-rails  on  railways,  and  that  cars  have  been 
fitted  with  central  wheels  to  run  on  such  central  rails. 

I  am  also  aware  that  cars  have  been  fitted  with  instruments  like 
plough-shares,  to  remove  obstructions  from  the  rails,  in  front  of  both 
the  side  and  central  wheels  of  the  cars,  of  which  Le  Blanc’s  cars,  pat¬ 
ented  in  France,  and  Ashcroft’s,  patented  in  this  country,  are  exam¬ 
ples  ;  but  I  am  not  aware  that,  prior  to  my  invention,  any  one  ever 
placed  a  series  of  guard-ribs,  elevated  considerably  above  the  rails,  the 
entire  length  of  the  track,  and  arranged  the  fingers  of  the  cow-catcher 
to  run  between  and  outside  of  such  ribs.  Neither  do  I  know  that  any 
other  device,  the  equivalent  of  this,  for  taking  up  and  preventing  cars 
from  running  over  limbs  of  trees  or  fence-rails  laid  across  the  track, 
has  ever  before  been  invented. 

Therefore,  I  claim  the  combination  of  elevated  guard-ribs  with  the 
track,  when  the  same  are  so  arranged  that  the  prongs  of  the  cow¬ 
catcher  of  the  locomotive  may  run  between  them,  substantially  as  set 
forth. 


No.  12,352. — Alpiieus  Ktmball. — Improved  Machine  for  Repairing 
Iloads. — Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  157.) 

B  B  is  the  frame  of  the  machine  ;  one  of  the  cross-timbers  E  of 
which  supports  a  post  F.  To  the  bottom  of  this  post  is  pivoted  at  a 
the  sole  and  land  side-piece  b.  The  forward  end  of  the  sole,  which 
carries  the  point  G,  is  suspended  from  lever  H  by  means  of  post  I. 
The  lever  H  has  its  fulcrum  in  post  M,  which  extends  from  cross-piece 
L.  By  means  of  this  lever  H,  the  plough-point  may  be  raised  or  low¬ 
ered,  and  with  it  the  mould-board  O,  which  is  attached  rigidly  to  the 
sole  b,  and  is  pivoted  at  its  rear  end  to  the  piece  P,  which  piece  is  at¬ 
tached  adjustably  (by  means  of  slot  n  and  screw  m)  to  the  frame  B. 
The  mould- board  is  made  of  sufficient  length  to  reach  half-way  across 
the  road,  and  has  secured  to  its  bottom  surface  the  serrated  scraper  Q 
In  hard  soil  the  resistance  upon  the  point  of  the  plough  would  tend  to 
swivel  the  whole  machine  out  of  the  direct  line  of  motion  ;  to  counter¬ 
act  this  tendency,  the  hind  axle  D  is  pivoted  to  the  frame  B  at  g,  and 
the  axle  may  be  secured  in  various  oblique  positions  by  passing  pin  r 
through  either  one  of  the  holes  s  into  a  corresponding  hole  in  the 
axle. 

Claim. — The  described  machine  for  making  roads,  consisting  essen¬ 
tially  of  the  combination  of  the  plough  and  scraper,  constructed  in 
the  manner  set  forth,  and  suspended  from  the  lever  H. 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


657 


2d.  Pivoting  the  rear  axle,  and  securing  it  to  the  frame-work  in  a 
position  oblique  to  the  direction  of  motion,  for  the  purpose  described. 


No.  13,052. — Samuel  Taylor. — Improvement  in  Plank  Poofs  for  Build¬ 
ings. — Patented  June  12,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  157.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  making  a  roof  by  means  of 
plain  boards  rectangular  in  section,  or  by  curved  tiles  made  to  overlap 
each  other  so  as  to  break  joints,  nor  by  means  of  slates  reposing  on  or 
supported  by  rafters  provided  with  grooves  or  channels  under  the  con¬ 
tiguous  slates. 

But  I  claim ,  in  making  roofs  withoverlapping  wooden  boards,  to  make 
each  of  the  boards  of  saddle-form,  as  described,  in  order  that,  when 
laid  together  in  manner  as  described,  their  contiguous  plane-surfaces 
may  not  only  lie  in  close  contact,  whereby  they  will  add  greatly  to 
the  stability  and  efficiency  of  the  roof,  but  be  so  inclined  as  to  prevent 
water  from  remaining  between  them,  and  causing  or  promoting  their 
decay ;  my  intention  not  being  a  mere  change  of  form,  unattended 
with  any  advantage,  but  one  productive  of  new  and  useful  results,  in 
making  roofs  of  wooden  boards. 

I  also  claim  the  improvement  of  providing  each  of  the  grooves  of  the 
upper  boards  with  an  inserted  metallic  or  water-tight  lining  or  trough 
x,  lor  the  purpose  of  protecting  the  joint  directly  under  the  same,  when 
the  boards  become  cracked  or  split,  as  described. 


No.  13,906. — Gottlieb  Graessle. — Improvement  in  Tile  Roofing. — 

Patented  December  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  158.) 

The  object  of  this  improvement  is  to  make  a  tile  roof  more  weather¬ 
proof  than  those  customarily  employed. 

Claim . — The  construction,  substantially  as  described,  of  tile  roofing, 
having  each  overlapping  edge  a  resting  by  an  angle  only  upon  the  flat 
sublying  surface  b  between  the  ridges  c  d  of  the  adjacent  tile,  and 
having  two  transverse  ridges  e  f  on  the  top  of  each  tile,  enclosed  by 
similar  ridges  g  h  projecting  from  the  superjacent  under-surfaces  ol  the 
tier  next  above,  for  the  purposes  explained. 


No.  12,785. — David  Russell. — Improvement  in  Window- Sash  Sup¬ 
porters. — Patented  May  1,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  158.) 

The  fasteners  C,  which  are  curved  as  shown  in  figure  4,  press  against 
the  side  instead  of  the  bottom  of  the  groove  E,  as  is  apparent  from 
inspection  of  the  figures.  Thus  the  sash  is  kept  constantly  pressed 
back  against  the  edge  of  the  offsets  f  thereby  rendering  the  joint  air¬ 
tight,  or  nearly  so.  This  side  pressure  could  not  be  obtained  without 
making  the  stop-fastener  in  a  curved  form,  for  a  straight  fastener  could 
not  be  operated  diagonally  through  the  side  of  the  goove  E,  as  the 
42 


658 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


thickness  of  an  ordinary  sash  will  not  admit  of  such  an  arrangement. 
The  fasteners  are  operated  by  pulling  the  rings  c.  The  offsets y  extend 
the  whole  height  of  the  frame,  the  lower  sash  B  being  wider  than  the 
upper  B1. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  operating  the  stop-fasteners  by 
means  of  spiral  springs,  as  the  same  function  might  be  performed  either 
by  elliptic  springs  or  weights  and  pulleys. 

But  I  do  claim :  1st.  The  curved  form  of  the  stop-fasteners,  con¬ 
structed  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  as  herein  described. 

2d.  The  offset  f  in  combination  with  the  fasteners,  for  the  accomplish¬ 
ment  of  the  object  as  herein  described. 


No.  12,828. — Lyman  E.  Payne. — Improvement  in  Window-Sashes. — 

Patented  May  8,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  158.) 

When  these  sashes  are  closed  they  will  be  fitted  tight  between  the 
casing,  because  the  edges  of  the  strips  d  dl  and  the  shoulders  of  the 
rebates  c  c1  will  bind  together ;  and  at  the  same  time  the  sashes  may 
be  easily  opened,  because  then  the  inclined  surfaces  of  the  strips  and 
shoulders  recede  from  each  other. 

Figure  1  represents  only  one  half  of  the  front  view  of  the  window, 
the  other  half  being  exactly  alike. 

Claim. — Arranging  or  adjusting  the  sashes  within  the  frame  or  casing, 
as  herein  shown  and  described,  viz:  having  strips  d  dl  attached  to  the 
inner  sides  of  the  frame  or  casing,  the  outer  edges  of  the  strips  being 
inclined  or  bevelled,  as  shown,  and  fitted  within  rebates  c  c 1  in  the  inner 
surfaces  of  the  stiles  a  of  the  sashes,  the  shoulders  of  said  rebates  being 
inclined  or  bevelled  so  as  to  correspond  inversely  with  the  edges  of  the 
strips  d  d1,  for  the  purpose  as  herein  set  forth. 


No.  12,833. — Charles  R.  Rode. — Improvement  in  Sash- Supporters. — 

Patented  May  8,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  158.) 

No  description  is  required. 

Claim. — The  construction  of  the  fastening,  as  herein  shown  and  de¬ 
scribed,  viz :  having  a  longitudinal  shaft  or  rod  C  inserted  in  the  lower 
cross-piece  of  the  sash  B.  A  pawl  a  being  attached  to  each  end  of  the 
shaft  or  rod,  said  pawls  catching  into  racks  b,  attached  to  the  backsides 
of  the  grooves  in  which  the  sash  is  fitted,  the  shaft  or  rod  being  pro¬ 
vided  with  a  thumb-piece  D,  which  projects  through  a  mortise  or  slot 
c  in  the  cross-piece  of  the  sash,  and  directly  over  a  plate  E  attached 
to  said  cross-piece,  as  herein  shown  and  described.  (See  illustration.) 


No.  12,854. — Handel  S.  Chaplin. — Improvement  in  Window-Sash 
Fixtures. — Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  158.) 

A  spring-locking  bearer  D  is  arranged  (above  the  upper  sash  when 
it  is  depressed)  in  the  jamb  a.  of  the  window-irame.  A  similar  spring- 
bearer  E  is  arranged  below  the  upper  sash  when  it  is  elevated  to  its 
highest  position.  From  these  two  springs  two  bent  retractive  arms  F 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


659 


G  extend,  one  above  and  the  other  below  and  behind  the  rocker-shaft 
H,  which  has  two  cams  I  and  K  opposite  to  each  other.  By  turning 
the  knob  L  of  the  rocker-shaft  in  one  direction,  one  of  the  cams  will 
draw  back  its  spring- bearer ;  by  turning  the  knob  in  the  opposite  direc¬ 
tion,  the  other  cam  will  cause  the  other  spring-bearer  to  retract. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  application  of  a  friction-spring 
or  bolt  to  a  window-frame  and  sash,  and  for  the  purpose  of  either  hold¬ 
ing  by  friction  the  said  sash  at  any  elevation  within  the  limits  of  its 
motion,  or  of  locking  said  sash  so  that  it  may  not  be  either  raised  or 
lowered  from  the  outside  of  the  window. 

But  I  do  claim  the  arrangement  of  two  spring-friction  bolts,  then- 
retractive  arms,  cams,  and  one  rocker-shaft,  together,  and  with  respect 
to  two  window-sashes,  and  so  as  to  operate  in  manner  substantially  as 
specified. 


No.  13,032. — William  S.  Ford. — Improvement  in  Window- Sashes. — 

Patented  June  12,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  159.) 

The  sash  B  is  just  like  the  upper  sash  of  ordinary  windows.  The 
French  window-sashes  C  are  hinged  to  strips  g,  which  work  in  dove¬ 
tails  between  stop-beads  h  and  the  parting  bead  b.  Cords  and  weights 
ij  serve  to  raise  or  lower  the  French  sashes.  The  back-stiles  of  the 
sashes  C  are  provided  with  lips  /,  which,  when  the  sashes  are  closed, 
fit  in  recesses  m,  in  the  back  sides  of  the  strips  g,  and  form  a  weather¬ 
proof  joint. 

The  drawings  exhibit  only  one  half  of  the  window,  x  x  being  the 
centre  line. 

Claim. — Constructing  folding,  hinged,  or  French  windows  as  shown, 
or  in  an  equivalent  way,  so  that  the  hinged  sashes  c  c  may  be  raised 
and  lowered  the  same  as  the  ordinary  sliding-sashes,  and  also  be 
allowed  to  swing  as  French  sashes,  whereby  said  sashes  are  kept  closed 
without  the  application  of  any  special  fastening,  and  also  rendered  per¬ 
fectly  weather-proof,  as  described.. 


No.  13,124.— -Daniel  N.  Dunzack. — Improved  Mode  of  Hanging  Win¬ 
dow-Sashes. — Patented  June  26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  159.) 

In  this  method  of  hanging  sashes  there  is  only  one  weight  B  used 
within  each  box  a. 

The  engraving  represents  only  one  half  of  the  window,  the  other 
half  being  exactly  alike. 

Claim. — Attaching  the  cords  c  to  the  lower  ends  of  both  sashes  CD, 
and  having  said  cords  pass  through  pulley  b  attached  to  the  weights  B, 
the  cord  at  each  side  of  the  frame  or  casing  being  attached,  to  both 
sashes,  said  cords  passing  over  pulleys  d  d  at  the  centre  of  the  frame 
or  casing,  substantially  as  shown  and  described. 


660 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


No.  13,435. — L.  E.  Payne. — Improved  Mode  of  Hanging  Window - 

Sashes. — Patented  August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  159.) 

The  cords  a  a  are  at  one  end  secured  to  the  upper  sash  B1;  the  other 
ends  pass  down  by  the  sides  of  the  lower  sash  B,  and  underneath  the 
same  and  through  an  eye  b  in  the  under  edge  of  B,  and  are  united  by 
twisting  or  any  other  fastening.  When  one  sash  is  raised,  the  other 
will  descend.  But  if  it  is  desired  to  raise  the  lower  sash  only,  the  ends 
of  the  cord  underneath  sash  B  are  held  by  one  hand  down  upon  the 
sill  of  the  casing  A,  and  the  lower  sash  may  be  raised  without  moving 
the  upper  one,  and  it  may  then  be  retained  in  a  raised  position  by  fast¬ 
ening  the  cords  underneath  the  sash  B  in  any  proper  manner. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  attaching'  the  cords  a  a  to  each 
sash,  so  that  one  sash  will  balance  the  other,  lor  that  has  been  previ¬ 
ously  done;  but  I  claim  applying  the  cords  a  at  o  the  sashes  B  B1,  as 
herein  shown,  viz  :  the  cords  passing  around  the  lower  sash,  so  that 
the  cords  may  work  around  the  lower  sash  B,  or  said  sash  B  may  be 
raised  or  lowered  without  moving  the  cords,  as  described,  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  set  forth. 

No.  13,164.' — J.  W.  Eoss. — Improved  Mode  of  Hanging  Window- 

Sashes. — Patented  November  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p,  159.) 

When  the  twro  pulleys  b  bl  are  connected  to  the  pulley  E,  one  sash 
wTill  be  lowered  while  the  other  is  raised ;  because  the  straps  C  F  pass 
around  their  respective  pulieysin  opposite  directions,  and  consequently 
one  sash  will  balance  the  other.  When  it  is  desired  to  raise  the  lower 
sash,  and  keep  the  upper  one  in  proper  position,  the  pulley  E  is  discon¬ 
nected  from  the  pulleys  b  bl  by  operating  the  spring-lever  I  and  shoving 
shaft  B2  back,  free  from  the  projections  d  on  the  side  of  pulley  bl.  One 
of  the  projections  will  then  catch  against  stop  g,  and  the  stop  will  pre¬ 
vent  pulley  E  from  turning,  and  consequently  retain  the  upper  sash  B 
in  proper  position.  The  sash  B1  may  then  be  raised  without  moving 
the  upper  sash,  the  elastic  band  D  taking  up  the  slack  of  strap  C. 

Strap  C  is  fastened  to  the  lower  edge  of  sash  B1,  and  strap  F  to  that 
of  the  sash  B. 

Claim. — Attaching  the  straps  C  F  to  the  sashes  B  B1,  said  straps 
passing  in  reverse  direction  around  pulleys  b  E  on  a  shaft  B2,  in  the 
stile  a  of  the  casing  A,  the  pulley  E  being  attached  permanently  to  the 
shaft  B2,  and  the  pulley  b  placed  loosely  upon  it,  and  the  pulleys  b  E 
being  connected  and  disconnected  when  desired,  as  shown,  the  pulley 
b  having  a  pulley  b1  attached  to  it,  to  which  pulley  an  elastic  band  D  is 
attached,  said  band  being  also  attached  to  the  sash  B1,  the  above  parts 
being  otherwise  arranged  substantially  as  shown,  and  for  the  purpose 
set  forth. 


No.  1 3, Michael  Bomberger. — Improvement  in  Hanging  Window- 
Sashes. — Patented  November  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  159.) 

Fig.  2  represents  an  inside  view  of  the  “rope  hider”  A,  which  con¬ 
sists  of,  a  piece  o,f  wood  grooved  and  fitted  in  the  wundow  over  the  rope 


IX— CIVIL  ENGINEERING.  661 

and  pulley,  in  such  manner  as  to  allow  the  rope  to  run  within  the 
groove,  while  the  sash  moves  along  the  back  of  the  grooved  piece. 

Claim. — The  application  to  window-frames,  in  which  ropes  and 
pulleys  are  used  to  support  the  sash,  of  the  piece  described,  called  the 
“rope  hider,”  using,  for  the  purpose  of  concealing  from  view  the  ropes 
and  pulleys,  a  strip  of  wood  or  piece  of  any  other  material  which  will 
produce  the  intended  effect. 


No.  13,863. — E.  W.  Bullard. — Improved  Mode  of  Hanging  Window- 

Sashes. — Patented  December  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  159.) 

The  sash  may  be  raised  by  taking  hold  of  the  sash  with  one  hand 
and  the  crank  n  of  the  pinion  l;  and  when  the  sash  is  in  the  desired 
position,  it  may  be  confined  therein  by  turning  pinion  l  so  as  to  raise  its 
wedge  i  sufficiently  to  bind  it  there;  and  if  said  sash  binds  at  times  too 
much  in  moving,  it  may  be  relieved  by  lowering  its  wedge  a  little.  It 
will  be  seen  that  the  bevel  of  the  sash  and  its  wedge  is  so  great,  that  if 
the  sash  be  lifted,  independently  of  its  wedge,  to  a  sufficient  height,  it 
ma}?  be  removed  without  difficulty  and  without  removing  the  confining 
strip  of  the  window- frame. 

Claim. — The  improved  mode  described  of  hanging  and  fastening 
sashes,  which  consists  in  bevelling  one  side  of  the  sashes,  and  combin¬ 
ing  therewith  a  corresponding  wedge  or  bevelled  strip,  moved  up  and 
down  as  described,  or  in  any  other  way,  by  which  arrangement  the 
modes  set  forth  of  fastening,  loosening,  and  removing  the  sashes  from 
the  frame  are  secured. 


No.  12,168.— Francis  Kudolpii. — Improvements  in  Elevating-Scaffolds . 

— Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  160.) 

This  scaffold  (the  construction  of  which  is  plainly  shown  in  the  en¬ 
graving)  can  readily  be  elevated,  according  as  the  work  is  carried  up, 
to  any  height  desired,  without  increase  of  expense,  and  with  little 
trouble. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  and  combination  of  the  centre-pole  A  and 
the  scaffold  C,  the  former  usually  being  placed  i within ,  and  the  latter 
about  the  structure  to  be  built,  each  of  which  may  be  elevated  as  de¬ 
sired,  and  the  whole  being  constructed  substantially  in  the  manner 
before  described. 


No.  13,086. — Abraham  C.  Funston. — Improvement  in  Scaffolds .• — 

Patented  June  19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  160.) 

To  render  the  scaffold  convenient  for  use  on  buildings  having  por¬ 
ticoes  or  steps,  the  back  upright  of  one  or  all  of  the  sections  A  A1  A1 
is  made  in  two  parts  as  at  G  (figure  2) ;  a  slot  is  provided  in  the  lower 
part,  and  the  latter  is  coupled  to  the  upper  part  by  straps  t1  e1,  and 
firmly  secured  by  set-screw  H,  so  that,  by  simply  loosening  this  set¬ 
screw,  (which  plays  in  the  slot  in  the  lower  part,)  it  may  be  elevated 
and  made  to  rest  upon  the  steps. 


662 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


Claim. — Making  the  back  upright  of  one  or  all  of  the  sections  or 
frames  forming  this  particular  scaffold  in  two  parts,  and  providing  the 
lower  part  with  a  slot,  and  uniting  it  to  the  upper  part  by  a  set-screw, 
which  plays  in  the  slot  and  allows  of  the  lower  part  being  raised,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,810. — Reijben  W.  Oliver,  assignor  to  Himself  and  Horace 

Hoyt. — Improved  Boad-Scraper. — Patented  November  13,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  160.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claims 
and  engravings. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  making  the  height  of  the  scraper 
adjustable  upon  a  frame  supported  upon  wheels,  as  this  has  already 
been  done. 

But  I  claim  supporting  the  forward  end  of  the  scraper  upon  levers 
which  rest  upon  the  wheel  B,  or  their  equivalent,  as  a  fuicrum,  and 
extend  back  of  the  scraper  for  the  purpose  of  operating  conveniently 
the  back  end  of  the  scraper,  resting  upon  a  fixed  support,  as  set  forth. 

2d.  I  claim  hanging  the  bottom  of  the  scraper  to  the  side,  as  set  forth. 

3d.  I  claim  securing  the  return  of  bottom  E  to  the  position  for  load¬ 
ing,  by  the  chains  P,  or  their  equivalent,  attached  to  the  said  bottom  E 
and  to  the  levers  F,  as  herein  set  forth,  or  any  other  manner  substan¬ 
tially  the  same. 


No.  12,994. — P.  J.  Coogan. — Improved  Arrangement  of  Drains  for 

Servers. — Patented  June  5,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  160.) 

The  water,  slops,  &c.,  are  thrown  upon  grate  C,  and  fall  upon  the 
inclined  bottom  a  of  chamber  B.  The  sediment  is  carried  down  on 
said  inclined  bottom.  The  water  passes  through  the  apertures  b  into 
compartment  D  ;  the  sediment  settles  to  the  bottom  of  this  compart¬ 
ment,  and,  when  the  water  reaches  the  upper  end  of  the  curve  .of 
syphon  I,  the  water  will  flow  into  compartment  E  ;  when  the  water 
reaches  the  upper  end  of  the  curve  of  syphon  J,  the  water  will  flow 
from  E  into  inclined  passage  K.  Thus  all  heavy  matter  will  be  pre¬ 
vented  from  entering  the  passage  K,  because  it  will  settle  at  the  bottom 
of  D  before  the  water  reaches  the  syphon  I. 

I  claim  the  box  or  receiver  A,  provided  with  syphons  I  J,  and  other¬ 
wise  arranged  as  shown,  for  the  purpose  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,354. — Robert  A.  Smith  and  John  Hartman,  Jr. — Improved 

Street-Sweeping  Machine. — Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Plates, 

p.  161.) 

Upon  the  axle  of  the  driving-wheels  W  is  a  loose  cog-wheel  D, 
having  hinged  to  one  of  its  arms  x  a  stud  u,  held  in, position  by  spring 
v,  so  that  when  said  stud  projects  from  the  wheel  D  it  will  enter  be¬ 
tween  two  of  the  spokes  of  the  wheel  W  and  rotate  wheel  D  on  axle 
w  simultaneously  with  W.  When  the  stud  is  folded  upon  the  arm  x , 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


663 


(see  dotted  lines,  fig.  2,)  the  rotation  of  D  will  cease,  and  with  it  the 
motion  of  the  endless  chain  of  brushes. 

The  inventors  say:  We  make  no  claim  to  the  employment  of  the 
endless  chain  of  brushes  or  the  movable  inclined  plane,  neither  do  we 
claim  of  itself  the  detachable  dirt-receiver  or  the  receiver  when  ar¬ 
ranged  and  operated  as  in  the  patented  machine  of  J.  Whitworth. 

But  we  claim  the  described  arrangement  of  detachable  receiver  R 
beneath  the  forward  portion  of  the  frame,  suspended  by  chains  m  and 
n,  attached  to  hooks  q  on  the  receiver,  from  the  pulleys  fl  and  wind¬ 
lasses  p  p1,  so  that  an  empty  receiver  may  be  substituted  for  a  filled 
one  with  great  facility,  and  the  filled  receiver  removed  by  a  tender,  as 
set  forth. 

We  also  claim  constructing  the  rear  portion  of  the  inclined  plane 
with  wheels  or  rollers  h  and  tail- piece  of  loose  sections  l ,  as  set  forth, 
so  that  the  rear  of  the  machine  may  rest  on  the  ground  and  conform  to, 
the  inequalities  of  its  surface. 

We  further  claim  the  employment  of  the  hinged-stud  u  in  connection 
with  the  driving-wheel  W  and  loose  wheel  D,  for  operating  the  endless 
chain  of  brushes,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,830. — M.  W.  St.  John  and  Isaac  Brown. — Improved  Street- 

Sweeping  Machine. — Patented  November  20, 1855.  (Plates,  p.  161.) 

The  swivel-wheel  J,  which  supports  the  back  part  of  the  machine, 
is  connected  by  means  of  bar  N  to  the  back  end  of  draught- pole  L,  for 
the  purpose  of  allowing  the  machine  to  turn  readily.  As  the  machine 
is  drawn  along,  the  shaft  E  will  rotate  when  lever  I  is  moved,  so  as  to 
throw  the  clutches  G  G  in  gear  with  the  pinions  F  F  ;  and  the  endless 
apron  X  is  operated  by  the  belt  r  and  the  bar  T,  and  brooms  W  are 
moved  back  and  forth  by  the  pitmans  P  P,  the  brooms  being  elevated 
during  their  backward  movement  (see  position  of  broom  W  represented 
by  dotted  lines  in  fig.  1)  in  consequence  of  bar  T  being  attached  to  the 
pitmans  a  certain  distance  from  their  points  of  attachment  to  the  shaft 
Q.  The  brooms  as  they  move  towards  the  apron  X  sweep  the  dirt 
from  the  ground  upon  it,  and  the  apron  conveys  the  dirt  to  one  side  of 
the  machine  and  deposites  it  in  winrows  in  the  street. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  reciprocating  brooms  or  brushes  W  attached  to  a 
bar  T,  which  is  connected  with  the  pitmans  P  P,  the  parts  being  ar¬ 
ranged  as  shown,  or  in  an  equivalent  way. 

2d.  The  endless  apron  X  placed  underneath  the  machine  for  the 
purpose  of  receiving  the  dirt  from  the  brooms  or  brushes  W,  and  convey¬ 
ing  it  from  underneath  the  machine  and  depositing  it  in  winrows  in  the 
street,  as  described. 

3d.  The  combination  of  the  endless  apron  X  and  reciprocating 
brooms  or  brushes  W,  arranged  as  shown  and  described. 

4th.  Connecting  the  swivel- wheel  J  with  the  back  end  of  the  draught- 
pole  L  by  a  bar  N,  substantially  as  shown,  for  the  purpose  specified. 

5th.  Placing  the  driving-wheels  C  C  and  pinions  F  F  loosely  on 
their  respective  shafts,  and  operating  the  ratchets  G  G  by  means  of  the^ 
flanched  sliding-plate  H,  substantially  as  shown,  for  the  purpose  of 


664 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


throwing  the  working  parts  of  the  machine  in  and  out  of  gear  with  the 
driving-wheels. 


No.  12,496. — William  W.  Willis. — Improved  Mode  of  Extracting 

Stumps. — Patented  March  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  161.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  plainly  understood  from  an 
inspection  of  the  engravings. 

The  team  is  attached  at  C  ;  and  as  the  team  draws  either  in  the 
direction  of  the  arrow  or  opposite  to  it,  the  draught-chain  I  is  connected 
either  to  K  or  to  J. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  propose  to  claim  either  the  draught-hook., 
the  shears,  or  the  pulley,  by  itself ;  as  neither  can  of  itself,  nor  any  two 
of  them,  perform  the  functions  for  which,  after  much  thought  and  many 
experiments,  1  discovered  that  all  three  acting  in  connection  were  indis¬ 
pensable. 

I  claim  the  combination  of  the  draught-hook  R,  shears  H,  and  pulley 
N,  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,525. — Edward  Vaughn. — Improvement  in  Stump  Machines.— 

Patented  March  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  162.) 

Screw  E  passes  through  nut  D,  and  nut  D  fits  into  a  square  mortise 
in  the  sweep  C,  and  rests  in  a  square  recess  m  in  hub  B,  which  hub  is 
bolted  to  the  sweep  and  has  an  inverted  groove  h  in  its  lower  end, 
which  rests  on  friction  balls  Z.  p  are  levers,  r  fulcra,  and  q  hinges  for 
elevating  the  frame  and  attaching  the  trucks  H  to  sills  c;  dog  v  is 
thrown  back  by  a  cord  at  top  of  lever  I,  permitting  axle  u  to  pass 
down  the  posts  t  and  rest  on  plates  s.  Spiral  spring  2  throws  the  dog 
v  over  the  axle  u,  and  the  machine  is  loaded.  Bar  K  is  screwed  to 
hounds  J  by  bolts  i  passing  through  slots  a 1  in  said  hounds  ;  the  bolts 
have  lugs  c 1  at  one  end  and  rings  d 1  at  the  other,  and  are  fastened  by 
turning  said  rings  at  right-angles  and  throwing  them  over  pins  e1. 

The  inventor  says :  I  claim  the  arch-beams  d  d,  the  brace-posts  b  5, 
in  combination  with  the  inclined  braces  c 2  c2  and  horizontal  beams  a, 
making  a  new  and  useful,  firm  and  compact  frame,  as  set  forth. 

Also,  the  combination  of  a  half  sphere  and  groove  Z,  forming  a  new 
half-spherical  washer  g. 

Also,  the  combination  of  the  groove  &,  opening  j ,  with  a  square  re¬ 
cess  m,  for  the  purpose  as  set  forth. 

Also,  for  the  purpose  of  attaching  and  detaching  the  trucks  H  H  to 
and  from  sills  c,  by  the  combination  of  levers  p  p,  fulcra  r  r ,  joints  q  q , 
posts  t  t,  dogs  v,  and  levers  I,  as  set  forth. 

Also,  the  securing  of  the  bar  K  to  the  hounds  J  J,  as  set  forth. 

I  do  not  claim  any  one  separate  thing  in  the  above-mentioned  inven¬ 
tion,  but  I  claim  the  combination  as  set  forth. 


IX. — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


665 


No.  13,088. — Stephen  Gorton  and  Francis  Morris. — Improved  Stump 

Machine. — Patented  June  19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  163.) 

This  apparatus  is  rolled  over  a  stump,  so  that  shaft  A  will  come  to 
or  over  the  stump.  The  chain  F  is  then  hooked  around  the  root  of  the 
stump,  and  the  power  is  applied  either  to  the  hook  E  or  the  rope  around 
pulley  D.  As  the  power  draws  the  small  end  of  the  shaft  in  one  di¬ 
rection,  the  wheel  B  will  roll  in  the  other  direction  and  wind  up  the 
chain,  and  thus  lift  the  stump. 

Claim. — The  construction  of  the  machine  after  the  manner  described, 
to  wit :  with  a  main  shaft  and  wheels,  as  described,  with  the  larger 
wheel  B  fastened  on  to  the  shaft,  and  the  lesser  wheel  C  constructed 
so  as  to  turn  on  the  shaft,  or  any  other  construction  substantially  the 
same. 


No.  13,059. — Gottlieb  Graessle. — Improvement  in  Tile  Machines 

Patented  June  12,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  163.) 

There  are  three  or  more  moulds,  consisting  of  halves  1  and  4,  2  and 
5,  3  and  6.  These  halves  are  attached  to  two  endless  chains  Q  and  B, 
so  that  (as  the  chains  revolve  with  equal  velocities)  each  two  will  meet 
in  the  centre  between  the  pressure-rollers  l  and  m,  and  (the  clay  having 
been  supplied  to  the  mould  before  it  arrived  at  the  centre)  the  tile  T 
will  be  formed. 

The  engraving  represents  the  chains  in  strong  broken  lines. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  two  endless  chains,  corresponding 
moulds,  and  pressure-rollers,  formed  and  constructed  substantially  as 
described. 


No.  12,595. — Thaddeus  Hyatt. — Improvement  in  Illuminating  Vault- 

Covers. — Patented  March  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  163.) 

a  is  the  glass,  h  is  the  hoop  of  lead,  and  c  is  the  section  of  the  plate 
into  which  the  glass  lenses  are  inserted. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  wish  to  be  understood  as  making  clahn 
broadly  to  the  securing  of  glass  directly  within  a  soft -metal  sash,  nor 
to  the  securing  of  glass  within  a  metal  case,  to  be  in  turn  secured 
within  a  metal  socket,  as  these  have  been  known  when  applied  as 
specified. 

I  claim  the  method  of  securing  glasses  in  the  apertures  of  metal  plates 
or  other  surfaces  by  surrounding  the  glass  with  a  hoop  or  belt  oi  lead, 
gutta  percha,  or  other  equivalent  yielding  substance,  and  forcing  the 
glass  so  surrounded  into  the  apertures  or  recess,  substantially  as  and 
ior  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  13,352.— James  Harrison,  Jr. — Improvement  in  Vault-Covers. — 
Patented  July  31,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  163.) 

The  vault-cover  D  can  be  raised  into  the  position  represented  in  the 
engraving  in  dotted  lines,  and  articles  can  be  thrown  into  the  vault  A 
underneath  the  cover. 


666 


IX — CIVIL  ENGINEERING. 


Claim. — Attaching  the  cover  D  to  the  upper  part  of  the  opening  or 
passage  A  of  the  vault,  by  means  of  the  jointed  arms  or  rods  d  d  ff 
arranged  as  shown,  or  in  an  equivalent  way,  for  the  purpose  set  forth* 


No.  13,513. — Wm.  P.  Walter  and  Jacob  Green. — Improvement  in 

Vault-Lights. — Patented  August  28,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  163.) 

No  description  required. 

The  inventors  say:  We  are  aware  that  it  is  a  very  common  device 
to  avail  oneself  of  the  expansive  and  contracting  properties  of  metal  in 
fitting  metal  rings  tightly  around  various  articles ;  and  we  are  also 
aw^are  that  it  is  not  a  new  device  to  unite  silicious  compounds  to  metal 
by  casting  the  former  in  a  molten  state  about  the  latter,  as  for  instance- 
in  the  manufacture  of  porcelain  or  glass  door-knobs  with  metal  shanks. 
We  therefore  disclaim  both  of  these  as  broad  devices. 

But  we  claim  the  described  improvement  in  the  construction  of  vault- 
lights,  viz :  casting  the  molten  glass  directly  into  the  metal  frame, 
while  in  a  heated  state,  said  metal  frame  being  grooved  internally,  so 
that  when  it  contracts  on  cooling,  and  contracting  as  it  does  more  than 
the  glass,  this  groove  shall  bind  the  glass  lens  tightly  in  its  place,  and 
so  retain  it. 


No.  12,676. — Salathiel  Ellis. — Improvement  in  Framing  for  Build¬ 
ing  Concrete  Walls. — Patented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  163.) 

The  object  of  this  improvement  is  to  provide  a  sectional  frame  or 
box  to  embrace  each  side  of  the  wall  to  be  built,  and  so  contrived 
that,  as  the  wall  progresses,  the  lower  section  maybe  disconnected  and 
be  made  the  upper  part.  The  boards  D,  composing  the  two  sides  of 
the  frame,  are  kept  at  proper  distance  by  clamps  c ,  through  the  upper 
and  lower  parts  of  which  pass  rods  e  with  screws  and  nuts  at  their 
ends.  The  wall  being  built  up  to  the  top  of  the  upper  boards,  the 
lower  series  of  rods  e  are  unscrewed  and  driven  out  through  the  wall. 
The  clamps  c  can  then  be  turned  round  the  upper  rods  e  so  that  the 
lower  ends  of  the  clamps  come  uppermost,  still  preserving  the  upper 
boards  D  in  their  position.  The  lowest  board  D  is  then  taken  away 
and  made  the  upper  board  of  the  frame,  and  the  building  of  the  wall 
can  be  continued.  The  corner-clamps  a  b  have  a  longitudinal  slot  be¬ 
tween  the  two  rods,  so  that  they  can  be  slid  upwards  as  soon  as  the 
lower  rod  is  removed. 

Claim. — The  construction  of  the  clamps  substantially  as  before  de¬ 
scribed,  so  that  they  can  be  moved  or  turned  up,  as  necessity  requires, 
and  the  combination  of  these  clamps  with  the  rods  and  boards  to  form 
a  self-supporting  frame,  for  the  uses  and  purposes  above  described. 


No.  13,000. — Thomas  Estlack. — Improved  Mode  of  Securing  Wash¬ 
boards  to  Walls. — Patented  June  5,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  163.) 

Claim. — Securing  washboards  E  to  the  flooring  A  and  to  slides  D, 
which  work  in  guides  C,  attached  to  the  walls  B  in  the  manner  shown,  or 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


667 


in  an  equivalent  way,  so  that  the  washboards  will,  in  case  of  the  shrink¬ 
ing  or  settling  of  the  flooring,  fall  or  settle  with  it;  thereby  causing  the 
lower  edges  of  the  washboards  and  flooring  to  be  at  all  times  in  con¬ 
tact,  as  set  forth.  (See  engravings.) 


No.  13,114. — Jesse  Norris  Bolles,  assignor  to  H.  J.  Ockershausen. — 
Improvement  in  Joints  of  Pipes  for  Artesian  IVells. — Patented  June 
19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  163.) 

An  iron  hoop  I  is  heated,  and,  thus  expanded,  is  placed  upon  the  up¬ 
per  end  of  a  pipe,  when  another  tube  of  like  size  is  lowered  into  the 
band,  which,  upon  cooling,  contracts  to  such  a  degree  as  to  make  a 
perfectly  tight  joint.  As  the  ends  of  the  tubes  where  the  hoop  goes  on 
have  previously  been  reduced,  the  exterior  surface  will  be  flush. 

Clam . — The  mode  of  rendering  cylinders  or  tubes  flush,  or  upon  a 
line  on  their  exterior  surfaces,  for  artesian  wells,  or  for  other  purposes 
as  described,  or  any  other  mode,  substantially  the  same,  which  will 
produce  the  same  effect. 


X.— LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


No.  12,238. — Alfred  C.  G-arratt. — Improvement  in  Plugs  for  Lubri¬ 
cating  Axles. — Patented  January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  164.) 

The  plug  D  is  made  with  a  chamber  b  within  it  and  a  passage  d . 
The  wheel-grease  collects  within  the  chamber,  and  can  easily  be  re¬ 
moved  with  the  same. 

A  represents  the  hub,  and  C  the  axle  of  the  wheel. 

Claim. — The  chambered  screw-plug  open  at  its  lower  end,  and  hav- 
ing  a  passage  made  through  its  side,  and  applied  for  removing  the  ac¬ 
cumulated  wheel-grease,  as  described. 


No.  12,347. — Geo.  W.  Geisendorff  and  Jacob  C.  Geisendorff. — Im¬ 
provement  in  Axle-Box  Pollers. — Patented  February  6,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  164.) 

A  is  the  journal  of  the  axle,  which  is  lubricated  by  roller  B ;  H  pinion 
in  the  centre  of  the  axle,  which  revolves  the  cog-wheel  C,  and  thus  the 
roller  B.  The  object  of  this  improvement  is  to  lubricate  when  the 
lubricating  material  is  not  yet  rendered  fluid  by  the  heating  of  the  axle. 

Claim. — The  giving  a  positive  motion  or  rotation  to  the  lubricating 
roller  by  the  axle  of  the  car-wheel,  in  the  manner  set  forth. 


668 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


No.  13,327. — Alfred  E.  Smith. — Improvement  in  Washers  for  Axles . 

— Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  164.) 

Rivets  b  of  metal  are  inserted  through  the  leather  washer  a,  to  pre¬ 
vent  the  rapid  wearing  away  of  the  leather. 

Claim. — Inserting  blocks  of  metal  or  other  equivalent  hard  substance 
in  packing  washers  made  of  leather  or  other  equivalent  flexible  and 
yielding  substance,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  12,166. — Henry  Miller. — Improvement  in  Steam  Railroad  Car- 

Brakes . — Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  164.) 

The  steam- cylinder  A  and  steam-pipe  D  of  each  car  are  so  arranged 
that  the  condensed  water  is  allowed  to  run  freely  and  rapidly  from  the 
cylinder  and  pipe,  so  as  to  obviate  any  danger  of  freezing  and  choking 
the  apparatus.  The  tubular  flexible  casing  f  protects  the  cylinder- 
piston  and  piston-rod  from  the  dust,  and  the  spiral  spring  h  keeps  the 
casing  distended  laterally,  so  that  it  cannot  be  injured  by  the  piston- 
rod,  and  assists  in  carrying  the  piston  back  to  the  bottom  of  the  cylinder 
after  each  action. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  arrangement  of  the  cylinder,  the  pipe  D,  and  the 
branch  pipe  d  of  each  car,  substantially  as  described,  to  wit:  the  pipe 
D  inclining  downwards  from  each  end  of  the  car,  and  the  pipe  d  inclin¬ 
ing  downwards  from  the  lowest  point  of  the  cylinder  towards  the  point 
of  junction  with  the  said  pipes,  so  that  the  condensed  water  may  all 
run  from  the  pipes  and  cylinder  and  escape  therefrom,  or  be  conveyed 
into  a  suitable  receptacle  provided  with  proper  means  of  escape,  as 
herein  set  forth. 

2d.  Encasing  the  piston-rod  with  a  flexible  tube,  which  is  attached 
at  one  end  to  the  rod,  and  at  the  other  to  the  cylinder-head,  and  is  kept 
extended  so  as  not  to  be  injured  by  the  working  of  the  rod,  by  means 
of  a  spiral  spring  surrounding  the  rod,  which  said  spring  assists  in 
returning  the  piston  and  freeing  the  brakes  after  the  steam  or  com¬ 
pressed  air  is  shut  off,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,245. — -Lucius  Paige. — Improvement  in  Brake-Blocks  for  Rail¬ 
road  Cars. — Patented  January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  164.) 

The  shoes  J  may  be  adjusted  as  they  are  worn  by  unscrewing  and 
thereby  loosening  the  face-plates  v  by  which  the  shoes  may  be  shoved 
near  the  wheels  B,  the  face-plates  being  screwed  tightly  against  the 
shoes  when  they  are  properly  adjusted,  and  thereby  firmly  securing  the 
shoes  in  the  sockets  R. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  placing  the  shoes  in  sockets 
or  boxes,  wherein  they  remain  permanently  fixed  until  worn  up  so  as 
to  be  useless. 

But  I  claim  the  improvement  of  so  constructing  the  shoe  J  and  the 
socket  or  bearing  thereof,  and  applying  them  essentially  as  described, 
that  the  shoe  may  extend  entirely  through  and  out  of  the  socket  in 
opposite  directions,  and  be  capable  of  being  moved  up  to  the  wheel  as 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


669 


fast  as  occasion  may  require,  until  it,  the  shoe  or  rubber,  is  worn  up 
or  rendered  unfit  for  further  service,  my  improvement  being  one  of 
great  practical  importance  and  utility. 


No.  12,263. — Wendell  Wright. — Improvement  in  Mode  of  Connecting 
Pipes  for  Steam-Brakes. — Patented  January  16,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  164.) 

Claim. — Providing  each  end  of  the  several  lengths  of  pipes  for  con¬ 
veying  the  steam  or  compressed  air  under  the  cars  with  a  valve. k  and 
an  elastic  or  movable  tongue  /,  applied  substantially  as  described,  so 
as  to  allow  the  valve  to  be  closed  by  the  pressure  of  the  steam  or  air 
when  the  end  of  the  pipe  is  disconnected,  but  to  be  caused  to  open  the 
valve  by  the  entrance  of  the  end  of  the  pipe  into  the  mouth-piece  of 
the  connecting-tube  D.  (See  engraving.) 


No.  12,539. — Jeiiial  E.  Blodgett. — Improved  Wagon-Brake. — Pat¬ 
ented  March  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  164.) 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  originating  of  the  idea  of 
wagon-brakes,  or  their  invention ;  claiming  only  certain  improvements 
m  the  construction  and  application  of  wagon-brakes  as  described— ren¬ 
dering  them  perfectly  effectual  and  applicable  to  all  kinds  of  loading. 

I  claim  the  application  of  wagon-brakes  to  the  forward  wheels  of 
wagons  by  using  the  hounds  FF,  sway-bar  G,  block-tongue  E,  or  other 
appendages  running  back  from,  and  firmly  attached  to,  the  front  axle 
B,  as  the  frame  for  "the  support  and  steadying  of  such  brakes  ;  also  the 
construction  of  a  brake  so  light  and  simple  as  to  admit  of  being  sup¬ 
ported  by  such  frame,  such  brake  having  a  main  bar  H  of  sufficient 
length  to  receive  both  pads  I  J,  said  main  bar  turning  upon  its  fasten¬ 
ing  at  or  near  its  centre,  with  the  pad  I  for  one  wheel  firmly  attached 
to  one  end,  and  the  pad  J  for  the  other  wheel  so  attached  to  the  other 
end  of  the  main  bar  as  to  turn  on  such  attachment  or  fastening,  such 
turning  pad  to  be  of  such  form  as  to  bear  against  its  wheel  on  being 
turned  partly  round,  and  to  bear  harder  on  being  turned  further,  and 
at  the  same  time,  by  crowding  back  that  end  of  the  main  bar  to  which 
it  is  attached,  to  throw  the  other  end  with  its  pad  against  the  other 
wheel,  as  described.  (See  engraving.) 


No.  12,552. —  Gideon  Hotchkiss. — Improvement  in  Bailroad-Cccr 

Brakes  .—Patented  March  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  164.) 

A  bridge  q  is  secured  to  the  journal-boxes  j ;  a  lever  n  has  its  ful¬ 
crum  in  the  piece  w,  which  is  firmly  attached  to  the  bridge  q ;  to  the 
short  arm  of  lever  q  is  connected  the  anchor  L,  which  carries  the 
brake  L,  and  the  power  for  working  the  brake  is  applied  at  the  long 
end  2  of  the  said  lever  n. 

Figure  2  represents  only  one  half  of  the  truck,  the  other  half  being 
exactly  alike ;  x  x  is  the  centre  line. 


670 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  mere  application  of  the  brake 
to  the  top  of  the  wheels,  nor  do  I  intend  to  confine  my  claim  to  the 
application  of  the  brake,  by  the  means  described,  to  the  top  of  the 
wheel  only,  because  by  a  slight  modification  and  change  the  principle 
and  means  claimed  as  original  may  be  applied  so  as  to  press  the  brake 
to  other  parts  of  the  wheel  and  accomplish  the  same  object. 

But  I  claim  the  method  of  operating  a  railroad- car  brake  by  obtain¬ 
ing  the  leverage  from  the  axles  and  boxes  by  means  of  the  bridges, 
keys,  and  clutches,  or  their  equivalent,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

I  have  described  my  improvements  as  applied  to  trucks  for  wide- 
gauge  roads,  having  axles  with  inside  bearings ;  but  it  will  be  obvious 
that  they  are  applicable  to  trucks  having  axles  with  outside  bearings, 
and  also  to  cars  without  trucks ;  and  I  therefore  claim  my  improve¬ 
ment  when  applied  to  axles  with  outside  or  inside  bearings,  and  also 
to  cars  without  trucks. 


No.  12)685. — William  Logghridge. — Improvement  in  Graduating  the 

Tension  of  Car-Brakes. — Patented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  165.) 

The  brake-chain  C  is  attached  at  its  front  end  to  a  barrel  D,  and 
passes  under  the  cars  around  pulleys  c  (attached  to  the  cars)  and  pul¬ 
leys  b,  attached  to  the  ends  of  levers  B,  and  is  fastened  at  its  rear  end 
to  the  hindmost  lever  B.  When  the  chain  is  pulled  in  front,  it  will  lift 
the  ends  b  of  the  brake-levers  which  are  pivoted  at  a,  and  thereby  press 
the  brakes  A  against  the  wheels.  Barrel  D  is  hung  at  one  end  in  a 
fixed  bracket  d,  and  at  the  other  in  the  lower  part  of  lever  E,  pivoted 
in  y.  The  upper  part  of  lever  E  connects,  by  an  adjustable  link  f  with 
arm  g  on  rock-shaft  F,  from  which  shaft  extends  also  an  arm  j ;  which 
arm  is  so  placed  as  to  be  struck  by  the  revolution  of  a  pin  h  attached 
to  the  loose  part  G  of  a  clutch  GG1;  G2  is  fast  on  driving-axle  H. 
The  barrel  D  carries  at  the  end  a  disc  I  opposite  a  disc  J  on  axle  H, 
so  that  when  both  discs  are  brought  in  contact  by  the  movement  of 
lever  E,  the  barrel  winds  up  the  chain  in  consequence  of  the  friction 
between  the  discs.  Spring  i ,  acting  upon  lever  E,  keeps  the  discs 
clear  of  each  other,  and  the  brakes  clear  of  the  wheels  (by  the  weight 
of  the  levers  B).  When  the  brakes  are  to  be  operated,  the  clutch  G  G1 
is  thrown  in  gear  by  lever  K,  and  G  rotates  with  axle  PI ;  the  pin  h 
strikes  and  throws  back  arm^,  and  arm  g,  being  thrown  forward,  acis 
upon  lever  E  and  engages  the  discs.  At  this  juncture  the  upper  end  of 
lever  E  is  caught  by  spring-catch  k.  The  chain-barrel  winds  up  the 
chain  and  actuates  the  brakes.  The  clutch  being  required  to  operate 
only  during  one  revolution  of  the  axle  H,  the  lever  Iv  can  be  instantly 
released  to  uncouple  the  clutch  by  the  action  of  spring  t ;  though  the 
clutch  might  remain  in  gear  without  injury,  as  when  the  pin  h  has 
thrown  back  arm.y  it  will  merely  wipe  it  slightly  in  repassing.  The 
chain  being  sufficiently  wound  up,  the  winding  up  must  be  stopped  to 
prevent  breaking.  To  this  end  the  discs  are  disengaged  by  releasing 
lever  E  from  catch  k ,  to  be  thrown  back  by  spring  i.  The  force 
applied  to  the  chain  is  retained  by  a  pawl  l  acting  on  ratchet-wheel  m 
on  the  chain-barrel.  By  applying  two  ratchet-wheels  with  teeth  in 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


671 

opposite  directions,  and  two  pawls,  the  brake  can  be  operated  forwards 
and  backwards.  Lever  E  is  liberated  from  K  as  follows :  Catch  k 
works  on  a  fulcrum  n,  its  other  end  having  an  inclined  projection  o. 
The  upper  end  of  a  chain  C  (which  is  wound  up  on  barrel  D  simul¬ 
taneously  with  chain  C)  is  attached  to  a  slider  M.  C1  draws  forward 
said  slider,  and  its  pin  p,  striking  projection  o,  liberates  lever  E  from 
catch  k.  M  contains  several  holes.  The  insertion  of  pin  p  in  these 
holes,  farther  forward  or  backward,  causes  it  to  act  on  the  catch  k , 
sooner  or  later,  to  disengage  the  discs,  and  thus  applies  the  brakes  with 
less  or  greater  force.  When  the  brakes  are  to  be  released,  the  foot- 
lever  u  is  to  be  depressed,  which ’throws  out  pawl  l  from  the  ratchet 
and  liberates  the  chain-barrel. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  various  arrangements  of  self¬ 
acting  brakes  have  been  proposed,  in  which  the  power  obtained  from 
the  locomotive  axle,  by  means  of  engaging  and  disengaging  mechanism, 
has  been  applied  throughout  a  train  by  the  use  of  a  chain,  or  its  equiva¬ 
lent.  Such  a  brake,  therefore,  I  do  not  claim. 

But  I  claim  the  combination  and  arrangement  of  the  sliding-plate  M, 
having  a  series  of  holes  graduated  for  limiting  its  play  by  an  adjustable 
pin;  the  supplementary  chain  C1,  wound  upon  the  chain-barrel  D, 
which  receives  the  chain  for  actuating  the  brakes;  the  lever  E,  lor 
bringing  the  said  barrel  into  and  out  of  action;  the  spring-catch  k,  for 
holding  the  said  lever  E  in  engagement  until  tripped  by  the  pin  of  the 
aforesaid  sliding- plate  M,  when  the  lever  E  is  released,  and  the  power 
is  maintained  without  any  further  increase.  The  whole  constituting  an 
automatic  disengaging  apparatus  capable  of  being  graduated  so  as  to 
apply  and  retain  any  degree  of  frictional  pressure  that  may  be  pre¬ 
viously  desired,  by  the  simple  adjustment  of  the  movable  pin  in  the 
sliding-plate,  substantially  as  herein  described. 


No.  13,038. — James  J.  McComb. — Improvement  in  Arrangement  of 

Bumpers  for  Self-acting  Car-Brakes . — Patented  June  12,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  165.) 

4 

The  bumper  heads  C,  which  apply  the  momentum  of  the  car  to  the 
working  of  the  brakes,  are  placed  one  on  each  side  of  the  coupling,  so 
that  said  heads  shall  come  against  the  cars  or  the  platforms  P  thereof, 
instead  of  abutting  against  each  other. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  self-acting  brakes  of  various 
forms  have  been  essayed,  which  were  intended  to  be  brought  into  action 
by  the  momentum  of  the  car  ;  but  in  all  those  of  which  I  have  knowledge, 
the  brake-beams  or  the  bumpers,  when  used,  abut  one  against  the 
other,  thus  leaving  but  one-half  of  the  usual  coupling  distance  avail¬ 
able  for  bringing  up  the  several  parts  of  the  brake  to  a  proper  bearing 
and  applying  the  brakes,  which  is  found  insufficient ;  and  to  couple  the 
cars  further  apart,  to  give  the  necessary  distance  to  properly  operate  the 
brakes,  has  its  equally  objectionable  features. 

These,  therefore,  I  do  not  claim  ;  but  I  claim  allowing  the  brake- 
beams  of  each  car  to  abut  against  the  car  or  platform  of  the  car  next  to 
it,  by  which  means  I  make  available  the  whole  play  or  distance  between 


672 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


the  cars  in  bringing  up  the  brakes,  and  thus  more  effectually  apply 
them  than  heretofore,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,108. — Peter  Ten  Eyck. — Improved  Self-acting  Brake  for 

Vehicles. — Patented  June  19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  165.) 

When  the  speed  of  the  horses  is  checked,  the  shoes  will  fall  by  their 
own  gravity  and  bind  between  the  peripheries  of  the  back  wheels  and 
the  surface  of  the  ground,  and  stop  the  vehicle. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  a  brake  formed  by  placing  shoes 
between  the  wheels  and  the  surface  of  the  ground,  irrespective  of  the 
peculiar  arrangement,  or  connexion  shown  between  the  shoes  and  the 
draught-pole  or  shafts,  for  they  have  been  previously  used  for  railroad 
brakes. 

But  I  claim  the  employment  of  the  shoes  F  F,  attached  to  the  back 
axle  of  the  vehicle  by  the  jointed  arms  or  levers  B  D,  where  said  shoes 
are  connected  to  a  sliding  draught-pole  G,  by  rods  g  g  and  chain  h , 
said  pole  G  having  a  spring  K  attached  to  it.  The  above  parts  being 
arranged  substantially  as  shown,  and  for  the  purposes  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,139. — Elisiia  E.  Rice. — Improvement  in  Railroad- Car  Brake. — 

Patented  June  26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  165.) 

The  shoes  are  attached  to  a  guide-frame  b,  sliding  within  a  hollow 
bracket  E.  Upon  each  shoe  an  India-rubber  spring  d  is  fixed,  and 
upon  each  spring  one  end  of  a  beam  F  rests.  This  beam  is  operated 
upon  by  the  lever  G,  which  is  weighted  at  i.  The  pivot-holes  m  are 
slightly  elongated  vertically,  so  that,  when  the  weighted-lever  end  has 
been  raised  to  depress  the  shoes  upon  the  rails,  (this  brake  is  intended 
to  act  against  the  rails  instead  of  against  the  car-wheels,)  and  is  al¬ 
lowed  suddenly  to  fail  again,  it  may  drop  some  distance  before  its 
fulcrum  comes  to  a  bearing ;  in  order  that,  in  its  descent,  the  weight 
may  acquire  sufficient  momentum  to  produce  a  jerk  that  will  start  the 
shoe  up,  in  case  its  guide- frame  b  happens  to  be  bound  between  the 
brackets  E.  One  shoe  D  is  flanged,  to  guide  it  on  the  rail  while 
pressed  thereon ;  the  other  shoe  D  is  plain,  that  it  may  be  free  to  move 
laterally  across  the  rail  to  accommodate  itself  to  the  path  of  the  outer 
shoe. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  construction  of  the  brake,  with  one  flanched  and 
one  plain  shoe,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  specified. 

2d.  The  combination  of  the  guide-bracket  E  extending  from  the 
frame  of  the  truck  nearly  down  to  the  rail,  the  shoe  with  its  sliding- 
frame,  the  spring  to  allow  the  shoe  to  yield,  and  the  beam  for  pressing 
down  and  raising  up  the  shoe ;  the  whole  arranged  as  set  forth,  so  that 
the  spring  and  shoe  are  supported  near  the  rail,  and  the  shoe  rigidly 
held  from  any  lateral  movement  whatever,  while  it  is  free  to  rise  and 
fan. 

3d.  The  weighted  drop-lever  in  combination  wdth  the  shoes ;  the 
same  being  arranged  and  operating  as  set  forth. 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


673 


No.  13,440. — G-ustavus  Adolphus  Somerby  and  Chas.  Wm.  Fogg. — 

Improvement  in  Railroad-Gar  Brahe. — Patented  August  14,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  166.) 

The  journals  of  the  wheel- axles  are  supported  in  pendulous  bars  b. 
Each  brake  H  is  jointed  to  one  end  of  lever  I,  while  the  other  end  is 
jointed  to  the  truck  frame.  Rod  e,  projecting  down  from  lever  K  of 
another  brake  L,  extends  through  lever  I  and  spring  d ,  and  is  supported 
by  the  spring,  while  the  latter  rests  on  lever  I.  When  the  wheels  are 
brought  against  the  brakes  by  inclining  the  bars  b  a  little  from  the  vertical 
in  a  direction  towards  the  brakes,  the  brakes  H  will  be  slightly  raised 
by  the  friction,  and  also  force  into  action  the  brakes  L.  When  the  bars 
are  inclined,  the  weight  of  the  carriage  will  act  through  the  bars  and 
force  the  wheels  against  the  brakes.  When  it  is  desired  to  relieve  the 
wheels  from  the  action  of  the  brakes,  hand-lever  u ,  attached  to  shaft  Q, 
is  moved  so  as  to  cause  the  forward-catch  o  of  arm  l  on  shaft  k  to  be 
raised  upward.  As  soon  as  this  takes  place,  the  forward  draft  upon  the 
front  draw-bar  will  so  carry  the  tripping-catch  r  of  said  draw-bar  into 
action  with  catch  o,  directly  beneath  it,  as  to  move  the  lower  arm  of 
said  catch  forward,  and  thereby  cause  the  cams  h  of  the  forward  arms 
i  (the  latter  projecting  from  shaft  K)  to  press  upon  the  friction-rollers  g 
attached  to  the  hanging  bearings  b,  to  cause  the  wheels  to  be  moved 
away  from  the  brakes. 

The  inventors  say:  We  do  not  claim  the  application  of  the  brake  to 
the  wheel,  so  that  either  may  be  moved  toward  the  other  while  the 
carriage  is  in  motion,  and  whether  by  the  momentum  of  the  carriage 
or  by  any  other  power. 

But  we  claim  applying  the  wheel-axle  to  the  frame  by  means  of 
pendulous  bars  b  b,  arranged  substantially  as  described,  in  order  that 
the  gravity  or  weight  of  the  carriage,  when  the  latter  is  at  rest,  (as 
well  as  when  it  is  in  motion,)  may  be  employed  to  press  the  wheels 
against  the  brakes  by  acting  through  such  bars,  when  they  are  inclined 
from  the  vertical,  and  are  left  free  to  be  moved  toward  the  brakes. 

We  also  claim  so  combining  with  either  or  both  the  lower  brakes  II 
H,  operated  by  the  wheels  as  described,  one  or  more  other  brakes  or 
brake  mechanisms  L  L,  that  the  latter  may  be  put  in  action  by  the 
operation  of  the  wheels  on  the  former,  as  specified. 

We  also  claim,  in  combination  with  wheels  applied  so  as  to  be  mova¬ 
ble  towards  and  away  from  their  brakes  H  H,  as  specified,  a  mechan¬ 
ism  substantially  as  described,  whereby  the  power  that  produces 
draught  of  the  carriage  or  puts  it  in  motion,  as  described,  shall  move 
such  wheels  away  from  their  brakes,  so  as  to  relieve  the  said  biakes 
from  being  moved  or  pressed  by  their  respective  wheels. 


No.  13,978. — Robert  L.  Currey. — Improvement  in  Double-acting 
Steam-Brake. — Patented  December  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  166.) 

C  C  are  the  pistons,  which,  as  soon  as  steam  is  supplied  between 
them,  move  from  each  other,  and,  by  means  of  the  piston-rods  B  B  ^and 
connexions,  (represented  in  the  engravings,)  actuate  the  breaks  I  G. 

43 


674 


X— LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


As  soon  as  the  steam  supply  is  stopped  and  the  steam  exhausted,  the 
spiral  springs  J  placed  within  the  cylinder  will  cause  the  brakes  to 
recede  from  the  wheels. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  to  have  invented  a  double-acting 
steam-cylinder,  with  steam  and  exhaust  at  its  centre  between  the 
pistons. 

But  I  claim  the  employment  of  such  a  cylinder  in  combination  with 
the  brakes  on  both  sides  of  the  wheels,  in  the  manner  and  under  the 
arrangement  set  forth. 


No.  12,490. — Edward  Rice. — Improvement  in  Railroad-Car  Coupling. — 

Patented  March  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  166  ) 

When  the  cars  are  brought  together,  the  heads  C  of  the  coupling- 
bars  pass  into  the  yielding-mouths  D,  and  within  the  catches  G  G, 
until  they  strike  against  the  ends  of  the  draught  and  bumper-bars  A, 
when  the  catches  G  G,  acted  upon  by  springs  K  K,  will  cause  said 
catches  to  embrace  the  heads  C  C  between  their  shoulders  and  the 
ends  of  the  bars  A  (see  figures  3  and  4).  The  catches  G  G  may  be 
rigidly  secured  in  the  closed  position  (see  figure  3)  by  fastening  the 
lever  E  by  a  suitable  catch.  When  said  lever  is  not  fastened  in  said 
position,  the  outward  pressure,  exerted  upon  said  catches  by  the  heads 
of  the  coupling- bars  in  passing  between  them,  will  cause  the  embracing- 
band  H  to  slide  backwards  upon  the  inclined  planes  F  F,  and  allow 
the  catches  to  open.  When  it  is  desired  to  uncouple  a  car,  the  lever 
E  is  drawn  backward  into  position  figure  5,  thereby  drawing  the 
mouth  D  within  the  catches  G  G,  and  forcing  them  outward,  so  that  the 
head  of  the  coupling-bar  can  be  drawn  freely  out  from  between  them ; 
the  free  play  of  said  head  upon  the  coupling-bar  preventing  it  from 
catching  and  holding  upon  the  lower  catch  when  the  catches  are  forced 
outwards. 

Claim . — The  arrangement  of  the  movable  guiding-mouth  D,  the 
catches  G  G,  the  inclined-planes  F  F,  the  embracing-band  H,  and  the 
lever  E  with  each  other,  and  with  the  draught-bar  A,  in  such  a 
manner  that  the  coupling-bar  B  will  be  self-caught  and  retained  when 
brought  into  contact  with  said  parts,  and  by  which  it  can  also  be  readily 
liberated  when  the  cars  are  in  motion,  substantially  as  set  forth;  also, 
in  combination  with  the  spring- catches  G  G  and  the  movable- mouth 
D  of  the  coupling-apparatus,  the  movable-heads  C  C  of  the  coupling- 
bar,  arranged  substantially  in  the  manner  and  lor  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,680. — James  H.  Jones. — Improvement  in  Railroad-Car  Coup¬ 
ling. — Patented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  167.) 

The  two  parts  A  A  forming  the  coupling  are  exactly  alike,  and  they 
are  either  permanently  attached  to  their  cars  or  they  are  connected 
with  them  by  passing  the  bolts  (by  which  the  cars  are  drawn)  through 
the  holes  E  E  represented  in  the  figures.  The  springs  D  serve  to  guide 
the  bws  C  together  and  to  hold  them  closed,  when  in  position  shown 
in  figure  2. 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


675 


The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  a  patent  was  granted  to  Joseph 
D.  Alvord  on  the  18th  of  September,  1849,  for  a  “car-shackle,  in 
which  two  horizontally  placed  hooks,  one  at  each  end  of  the  car,  are 
attached  to  the  bunter,  so  formed  and  so  attached  that  on  bringing  the 
cars  together  the  hooks  will  fall  into  sockets  into  the  respective  opposite 
cars.”  This  I  do  not  claim,  as  my  invention  is  an  improvement  upon 
Alvord’s  ;  nor  do  1  claim  a  car-coupling  wherein  a  link  or  its  substitute 
is  used  at  all ;  neither  do  I  claim  a  car-coupling  wherein  a  male  and 
female  catch  are  used,  because  they  require  to  be  changed  at  times,  as 
two  male  or  two  female  catches  will  not  form  the  coupling ;  but  I  claim 
a  car-coupling  without  a  link,  which  may  be  a  permanent  fixture  on 
the  car,  and  each  half  so  formed  that  the  jaws  or  hooks  will  always 
couple  or  catch,  the  one  with  the  other,  when  brought  together,  regardless 
of  the  particular  ends  of  the  cars  which  may  be  brought  together,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described. 


No.  13,264. — Aaron  G-.  Heckrotte. — Improvement  in  Railroad-Car 

Coupling. — Patented  July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  167.) 

This  is  an  improvement  on  W.  C.  Bussey’s  patent,  July  17th,  1847. 
The  box  A  is  bolted  at  F  to  a  draw-bar  of  ordinary  construction,  the 
front  of  the  box  being  held  up  by  a  strap  passing  under  it,  leaving  it 
free  to  be  acted  upon  by  the  bumper-springs.  On  bar  f  (which  ex¬ 
tends  from  dog-bar  D)  is  movable  the  slide  e,  secured  to  bar  fl,  so  that 
said  bar  may  assume  either  of  the  positions  shown  in  the  engravings. 
The  guard  bar  f  by  having  a  cord  attached  leading  to  the  platform  of 
the  car,  and  so  arranged  by  passing  over  pulleys  as  to  draw  the  bar 
towards  the  side  of  the  box,  serves  as  a  means  of  uncoupling.  When 
two  cars  are  coupled,  the  guards  ff  l  of  the  respective  boxes  A  will  be 
on  opposite  sides,  and  when  in  position  of  fig.  2,  the  bars/1  will  project 
sufficiently  far,  each  to  run  under  the  platform  of  the  other  car;  so  that 
on  the  deviation  of  a  car  from  the  track,  one  of  said  bars  will  be  drawn 
outward  by  a  pin  beneath  the  platform,  and  the  tumbler  B  of  one  of  the 
couplings  released  from  the  dog-bar.  P  is  the  coupling  bar. 

The  inventor  says:  Disclaiming  the  coupling  and  uncoupling  of  cars 
by  eccentric-tumbler,  revolving-roller,  turning-dog,  and  coupling-bar,  as 
secured  bv  the  patent  granted  to  W.  C.  Bussey,  17th  July,  1847. 

Claim,.— The  method  described  of  releasing  the  tumbler  by  double- 
branched  sliding-guards  fj1  combined  with  the  dog-bar  D,  whereby 
the  rigid  attachment  of  the  box  is  avoided,  and  the  same  rendered  ca¬ 
pable  of  attachment  to  the  ordinary  spring-bumpers,  as  set  forth. 


No  13,274. — Jno.  Ryan. — Improvement  in  Railroad-Car  Coupling. — 
Patented  July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  167.) 

The  extreme  projecting  end  of  the  coupling  bar  E  has  a  curved  plane 
k  upon  one  of  its  sides  and  a  portion  of  its  top  part,  and  on  the  op¬ 
posite  side  and  under  part  a  precisely  similar  curved  plane  ;  so  that 
if  the  coupling-bar,  when  the  cars  are  run  together  to  be  coupled, 
should  not  hang  with  its  points  underneath,  these  planes,  or  either  of 


676 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


them,  striking  the  rounded  or  concave  face  of  the  buffer-mouth  D1,  will 
turn  them  over  or  around  into  the  right  position  for  coupling.  On  the 
backs  of  the  buffer-mouths,  and  underneath  the  projections  c  thereon, 
are  grooves  o  deep  enough  at  their  centres  to  receive  the  points  of  the 
hooks  a  b ,  but  which  gradually  run  out  at  the  sides  until  they  entirely 
disappear.  This  is  for  the  purpose  of  sell-uncoupling,  should  one  of 
the  cars  run  off  the  track. 

The  inventor  says  :  It  is  obvious  that  while  the  gist  of  my  invention 
lies  in  the  peculiar  forms  of  the  coupling-bar  and  heads,  yet  these  lorms 
may  be  varied  and  still  produce  the  same  effect;  and  I  should  claim 
the  right  of  changing  the  forms  of  both  or  either  so  long  as  I  do  not 
depart  from  the  general  character  of  the  invention.  I  do  not  claim  a 
gravitating  hook,  nor  do  I  claim  a  side-moving  hook  for  self-uncoupling, 
independent  of  its  particular  connexion  with  the  draw-heads. 

But  I  claim  the  surfaces  of  the  hook  and  inside  and  outside  of  the 
buffer- mouth,  so  arranged  and  constructed  that  the  hook,  presented  in 
a  vertical  position,  shall  be  caused  to  rotate  to  a  horizontal  position  on 
entering,  and  resume  its  vertical  position  when  driven  in  to  hold  the 
cars,  and,  by  a  deviation  of  the  cars  to  one  side,  caused  to  rotate  again 
to  a  horizontal  position,  so  as  to  uncouple  by  said  deviation  and  the 
leverage  between  the  hook  and  heads,  the  buffer-mouth  not  allowing 
the  hook  to  pass  either  way,  except  when  horizontal. 


No.  13,869. — Joseph  T.  England. — Improvement  in  Railroad-Oar 

Coupling. — Patented  December  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  167.) 

B  is  the  coupling-link  which,  when  introduced  into  the  buffer-head, 
(see  position  of  B,  represented  by  dotted  lines,)  will  push  the  ball  C 
away  (see  position  of  C,  represented  by  dotted  lines)  so  as  to  let  pin  D 
fall.  (See  dotted  lines.) 

Claim. — The  described  coupling,  consisting  of  a  ball  so  arranged 
in  the  buffer-head  as  to  support,  at  its  lowest  position,  the  pin,  and  to 
be  pushed  away  and  allow  the  pin  to  fall  on  the  introduction  of  the 
link,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,644. — Alpheus  D.  Smith. — Improvement  in  Railroad-Car 
Seats. — Patented  April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  167.) 

The  engravings  fully  explain  the  nature  of  this  improvement. 

Claim . — The  combination  of  the  arms  c  c,  which  project  from  the 
back  of  a  car- seat,  with  the  movable  bars  d  d,  which  are  combined 
with  the  car-seat  and  its  arms  k  k,  or  their  equivalents,  in  such  a  man¬ 
ner  that,  by  the  aid  of  the  shoulders  g  g  on  the  standards  p  p,  the  back 
of  the  seat  may  be  supported  in  the  proper  position  for  day-riding,  or 
be  elevated  into  the  proper  position  for  night-riding,  and  supported  in 
that  position  substantially  as  set  forth. 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


677 


No.  13,079. — Jno.  H.  Cocke. — Improvement  in  Railroad-Car  Seats. — 
Patented  June  19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  167.) 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  a  back  capable  of  turning  from 
one  side  of  a  seat  to  the  other ;  nor  a  back  capable  of  being  placed  in 
an  erect  or  inclined  position. 

But  1  claim  a  back  possessing  all  these  properties  constructed  with  a 
rigid  arm,  the  guide-pins  of  which  turn  in  a  curved  slot  provided  with 
a  catch,  while  the  back  hinges  upon  the  support  for  its  lower  edge, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 

In  combination  with  a  reclining  reversible  back,  I  claim  a  concave 
seat,  so  that  persons  occupying  the  seat  will  not  be  liable  to  slide  off, 
as  they  would  if  the  seat  were  flat  or  convex. 


No.  13,464. — Ebenezer  Jeffers. — Improvement  in  Railroad-Car 
Seats. — Patented  August  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  167.) 

D  is  the  turning  and  G  the  stationary  post  referred  to  in  the  claim  ; 
A,  the  seat. 

The  operation  will  be  understood  from  the  claim  and  engravings. 

I  am  aware  that  a  chair-seat  has  been  so  combined  with  its  legs  or 
supporting-frame  as  to  be  capable  of  being  rotated  horizontally.  I  am 
also  aware  that  it  is  not  uncommon  to  apply  a  table  or  other  article  to 
a  stand  by  such  devices  as  will  admit  ot  its  being  moved  in  either  a 
horizontal  or  vertical  direction.  I  therefore  do  not  claim  such. 

But  I  claim  arranging  the  pedal  H,  the  bolt  F ,  and  their  locking- 
recesses  a  together,  and  in  the  sector  B,  and  in  the  turning  and  sta¬ 
tionary  posts,  as  described,  and  so  that,  by  one  single  movement  ot 
the  pedal,  the  sector  and  the  turning  post  may  be  latched  or  unlatched 
simultaneously,  so  as  to  enable  the  chair  to  be  operated. 


No.  13,471. — Albert  M.  Smith. — Improvement  in  Railroad-Car 
Seats. — Patented  August  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  168.) 

To  adjust  the  back  for  a  night’s  rest,  a  cord  is  attached  to  the 
catches,  to  be  operated  from  the  centre.  The  slots  J  are  rounded  off; 
the  catches  when  in  will  bear  on  the  edge  hard  enough  to  keep  the 
back  in  place  when  being  changed,  but  so  that,  by  pushing  back  hard 
on  the  top  edge  of  the  low  back,  (figure  1,)  they  are  thrown  back  far 
enough  to  allow  them  to  pass  out  and  reverse  the  back.  This  leaves 
the  back  free  to  adjust  itself  to  the  position  a  person  sits  in  by  their 
pressing  against  it  to  rest;  but  to  make  it  more  complete,  cords  are 
attached  at  d,  and  pass  over  pulleys  n,  and  out  through  the  outside 
of  the  cushion  at  E,  so  that,  by  taking  hold  of  it  to  reverse  the  back,  it 
at  the  same  time  pulls  the  catches  i  in  and  disconnects  them  from  the 
supporters  B,  and  allows  them  to  pass  with  the  back  turning  on  the 
upper  catches  remaining,  h  connected  over  to  the  ends  of  supporters  as 
at  m ,  which  they  rest  against  and  support,  leaving  the  back  reversed, 
the  hollow  side  in  towards  the  seat. 


678 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  form  or  shape  of  the  back  or 
seat  part  of  the  car-seat,  as  they  are  in  common  use. 

But  I  claim  the  constructing  and  arranging  of  the  car-seat  so  that  the 
whole  back,  of  sufficient  width  and  shape  best  adapted  to  support  the 
body  of  a  person  for  day-riding,  if  changed  either  side  of  the  seat,  to 
ride  either  way,  can  be  reversed  ;  the  outside  turned  inside  thereby, 
and  at  the  same  time  raised  high  enough  to  support  the  head  and  body 
equally  well  for  night-riding,  by  means  of  and  in  combination  with  the 
different  devices,  or  their  equivalents,  necessary  for  the  purposes  as 
described  and  set  forth. 


No.  12,371. — Geo.  P.  Ketcham. — Improvement  in  Mechanism  for 

Retaining  Cars  upon  the  Track. — Patented  February  6,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  168.) 

When  any  one  pair  of  wheels  (for  instance,  the  one  represented  in 
dotted  lines  in  the  engraving)  is  raised,  the  arms  C  are  at  once  thrown 
downwards  and  will  come  in  contact  with  the  rails  and  serve  as  guides, 
either  ends  of  the  arms  being  in  contact  with  the  rails,  according  to 
which  pair  of  wheels  is  raised. 

I  claim  the  employment  of  use  of  arms  C  applied  to  the  axles  c  d 
of  the  trucks  A  A1,  the  arms  of  each  truck  being  supported  by  the  rod 
D  ;  the  above  parts  being  constructed  and  arranged  in  the  manner 
and  for  the  purpose  as  herein  shown  and  described. 


No.  12.400.— -J.  N.  W illiams. —  Improvement  in  Head- Supporters  for 
Railroad- Cars. — Patented  February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  168.) 

The  bar  a  having  been  turned  down  into  a  horizontal  position,  the 
head- supporters  c  c  can  be  turned  round,  (they  being  hinged  in  i  to  bar 
and  being  sustained  by7  means  of  the  bar  a  resting  against  either  end 
of  slots  j,)  so  as  to  support  the  heads  of  persons  riding  either  on  seats 
d  or  on  seats  e. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  head-supporters  in  railroad-cars  in 
such  a  manner  that  each  pair  of  supporters,  by  reversing  their  posi¬ 
tions,  can  be  adapted  equally  well  to  either  one  of  the  two  seats  near¬ 
est  the  said  supporters,  w  hen  the  said  seat  has  the  rear  side  of  its  back 
turned  towards  the  supporters,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

Also,  the  combination  of  the  head  supporters  c  c ,  the  plate  b,  the  bar 
a,  and  the  cord  f  or  their  equivalents,  in  such  a  manner  that  the  sup¬ 
porters  can  be  placed  in  the  proper  position  for  supporting  the  heads 
of  persons  riding  on  either  one  of  the  two  seats  nearest  to  said  sup¬ 
porters,  or  turned  up  and  secured  to  the  side  of  a  car,  substantially  as 
set  forth. 


No.  12,6S4. — Robert  F.  R.  Lewis. — Spiral-Wheel  far  Replacing 
Railroad- Cars  upon  the  Track. — Patented  April  10,  1S55.  (Plates, 

p.  168.) 

Cylinders  d  d  d  are  attached  to  the  common  wheels  c  c,  their  diame- 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


679 


ters  gradually  decreasing,  so  as  to  give  clearance  in  the  centre  and  on 
the  outsides  of  the  track.  The  cylinders  are  provided  with  screw- 
thread  flanges  b  b  of  such  dimensions  as  not  to  jam  the  rails,  and  not 
to  prevent  a  free  action  when  coming  in  contact  with  the  rails,  in 
case  of  deflection  of  the  wheels  from  the  track.  In  such  case  the 
screw-thread  is  to  bind  against  either  rail,  and  to  readjust  the  wheels 
to  the  track. 

Claim. — The  application  of  one  or  more  cast  or  wrought  iron  hollow 
cylinders,  wormed,  flanged,  or  screw-threaded  on  their  exterior  sur¬ 
faces,  in  the  manner  of  a  plain  screw  to  rails,  trucks,  or  carriages,  in 
place  of  or  in  combination  with  the  common  or  ordinary  flange-wheel, 
as  herein  described;  and  thereby  prevent  the  same  from  running  off  or 
being  thrown  from  the  track  whilst  in  forward  motion. 


No.  12,772. — William  Apperly. —  Ticket  Register  for  Railroad- Cars. 

— Patented  May  1,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  168.) 

When  a  ticket  is  wanted,  the  slide  c  d  is  drawn  out.  The  projec¬ 
tion  d  of  the  slide  pushes  the  ticket  out  underneath  the  small  box  E, 
and  presents  it  as  shown  at  B1,  fig.  3.  The  inclined  way  E  passing 
up  through  a  slot  in  the  side,  in  combination  with  box  E,  prevents  a 
person  from  inserting  any  instrument  and  drawing  out  a  ticket ;  it 
serves  also  to  uplift  the  front  end  of  the  ticket.  Before  the  ticket  is 
out,  the  projection  K1  has  turned  the  wheel  H  one  tooth,  and  also  the 
registering  wheel  M,  through  intermediate  gearing  I  J  E  L.  I  he  in¬ 
dex  on  the  circumference  of  wheel  M  is  visible  through  an  opening  in 
the  front  part  of  the  ticket-box  A.  Spring  D  and  follower  press  down 

the  tickets  B. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  within  described  improvement  for  distributing  and 
registering  railroad  and  other  tickets,  consisting  in  the  combination  and 
arrangement  of  the  slide  c  d ,  spring  D,  and  registering  device  H  I  J 
K  L  M,  or  its  equivalent,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

2d.  Providing  the  extension  E  and  inclined  way  E1,  substantially 

as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,080. _ S.  Park  Coon. — Improvement  in  Apparatus  for  Replacing 

Railroad  Cars  upon  the  Track. — Patented  June  19, 1855.  (Plates, 

p.  169.) 

When  the  locomotive  or  car  has  got  off  the  track,  one  of  the  rails  is 
pried  up  from  the  track  and  inverted,  and  the  stocks  B  B  fitted  upon  it. 
This  detached  rail  A  is  then  placed  across  the  track-rails  h ,  the  rail  A 
also  projecting  underneath  the  car;  the  car  is  then  elevated  by  t  e 
ordinary  jacks,  and  the  boxes  L  are  placed  underneath  it,  the  rollers 
K  of  the  boxes  being  upon  rail  A.  Rope  M  is  then  attached  to  the 
outermost  box  L  and  passed  under  pulley  D  and  through  holes  i  in  the 
stocks,  and  then  (by  turning  crank  J)  the  rope  is  wound  around  the 
drum,  on  axis  F,  thereby  drawing  the  boxes  L  and  the  car  over  the 


680 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


rails  h.  When  the  car  is  directly  over  these  rails,  it  is  let  down  upon 
them. 

Claim. — The  construction  of  a  windlass,  pulley,  chain,  or  rope,  and 
foot- stocks,  in  such  manner  as  to  adapt  and  attach  them  to  a  sec¬ 
tion  or  length  of  railroad  rail,  substantially  as  set  forth,  to  form  an 
apparatus  that  can  be  used  for  replacing  railroad  cars  upon  the  track, 
and  when  this  duty  is  done,  the  parts  of  which  can  easily  be  separated 
for  more  convenient  transportation,  and  packed  in  the  tool-box  of  the 
tender  or  other  appropriate  receptacle. 


No.  13,364. — Elam  C.  Salisbury. — Improvement  in  Excluding  Dust 
from  Railway  Cars. — Patented  July  31,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  169.) 

The  space  below  the  car- bodies  a  is  enclosed  by  sheet  metal,  plank, 
or  canvas  sides  b,  stretched  and  secured  to  proper  frarribs  attached  to 
the  cars.  Between  each  two  cars  the  sides  b  are  connected  by  aprons 
d ,  and  opposite  the  trucks  the  sides  are  cut  out  and  the  opening  covered 
by  a  hinged  flap  c. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  wish  to  limit  myself  to  any  special 
mode  of  enclosing  the  sides  of  cars  or  connecting  the  sides  at  the  junc¬ 
tion  of  the  several  cars  of  a  train,  nor  of  enclosing  the  space  between 
the  platforms  at  the  junction  of  the  several  cars,  as  these  separately 
make  no  part  of  my  invention,  and  they  may  be  variously  modified 
within  the  range  of  my  invention. 

But  I  claim  the  method,  substantially  as  specified,  of  preventing  the 
dust  which  is  agitated  and  thrown  upon  the  track  by  the  passage  of  a 
train  from  rising  up  and  entering  the  doors,  windows,  and  other  aper¬ 
tures  of  cars,  by  enclosing  the  sides  of  the  train  from  the  bottom  of  the 
cars  to  within  a  short  distance  of  the  track,  and  closing  up  the  spaces 
between  the  platforms  of  the  several  cars,  substantially  as  and  for  the 
purpose  specified. 


No.  13,417. — Fortune  L.  Bailey. — Improvement  in  Apparatus  for 

Replacing  Cars. — Patented  August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  169.) 

The  flange  is  small,  if  any,  at  the  short  side  of  the  wheel,  and  gradu¬ 
ally  increases  towards  the  upper  or  long  side,  and  extends  near  or  quite 
across  the  edge  of  the  wheel  at  the  long  side,  forming  a  sloped  or  scroll- 
flange,  as  at  the  line  at  C.  This  wheel  is  so  constructed  that  the  short 
side  is  much  the  heaviest,  and  when  applied  to  an  axle  will  balance 
with  the  short  side  down,  and  will  remain  in  that  position  in  readiness 
for  action  at  any  moment;  the  sloped  or  scroll-flange  should  be  suf¬ 
ficiently  sloping,  as  at  C,  so  that  were  the  car  standing  still,  the  weight 
of  the  car  on  the  sloped  flange  would  slide  the  car  sideways  a  sufficient 
distance  to  place  the  car  on  the  track. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  use  of  cams  for  lifting  the  cars 
merely,  for  I  am  aware  that  has  been  done. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  eccentric-wheels  on  either  side  of  the 
rails,  the  outer  ones  being  slightly  smaller  than  the  inner  ones,  so  coun- 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


681 


terpoised  that  the  smaller  portion  of  said  eccentrics  shall  remain  down¬ 
ward  when  not  in  use  for  the  purpose  of  lifting  and  directing  the  cars 
on  to  the  track  when  they  have  been  thrown  off,  by  rolling  upon  said 
eccentric-wheels,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,528. — Richard  Ray. — Improved  Mode  of  Operating  and  Dump¬ 
ing  Earth-Cars. — Patented  September  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  169.) 

The  horse  walks  in  one  direction  until  one  of  the  two  cars,  1  and  2, 
is  filled  with  earth  drawn  to  and  unloaded  on  the  end  of  one  track, 
while  an  empty  car  on  the  adjacent  track  is  returned  to  the  opposite 
end  thereof.  When  the  car  has  been  unloaded,  the  horse  returns, 
thereby  returning  the  unloaded  car  and  drawing  up  the  other  car, 
which  has  been  loaded  during  the  unloading  of  the  first  car.  The  post 
o  is  so  situated  between  the  two  tracks  that  it  shall  clear  the  wheels  of 
the  cars,  but  shall  trip  the  lever  m,  closing  the  bottom  a  a  ot  the  cars 
when  said  lever  strikes  the  post.  As  the  empty  car  returns,  the  two 
flaps  «,  of  which  the  bottom  is  composed,  strike  against  the  projections 
5  on  the  track,  and  the  bottom  is  raised  until  the  bolts  f  enter  the 
spring-hasps  g,  when  the  bottom  will  be  secured  and  the  car  will  return 
ready  for  loading.  Figure  2  represents  a  plan  of  the  car-bottom  on  an 
enlarged  scale. 

I  claim  the  method  of  operating  alternate  trucks  upon  a  double  rail¬ 
way  track  by  the  several  devices  as  described. 

I  also  claim  the  automatic  delivery  of  the  loaded  cars,  constructed 
as  described  by  several  devices  thereon,  in  combination  with  a  post  o 
situated  between  the  tracks. 

I  claim  the  device  for  closing  the  bottoms  a  a  of  the  cars,  as  de-  , 
scribed. 


No.  13,529.— Richard  Ray  .—Improvement  in  Operating  Dumping-Cars. 

— Patented  September  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  169.) 

A  portion  of  the  double  track  aa  aa  is  inclined  at  the  delivery  end  to 
cause  the  return  of  the  unloaded  cars  by  their  gravity.  The  arm  e  of 
the  car  (in  coming  up)  is  received  between  the  guide  bars  k  and  m. 
As  the  car  moves  upward  and  the  arm  is  drawn  up,  the  inclination  of 
bar  k  causes  the  body  (which  is  properly  hinged  on  its  trucks)  to 
rise,  the  bar  m  preventing  it  from  being  thrown  over  too  high  so  as  to 
tilt  the  body.  The  guide-bars  k  m  are  secured  to  the  track  by  means 
of  framing  f  g  h  i. 

I  claim  the  use  of  the  guide-bars  k  and  m ,  when  in  combination  with 
car  d,  constructed  with  the  arm  e. 


No.  13,676. — James  M.  Cook.— Dust- Deflector  for  Windows  of  Rail¬ 
road  Cars. — Patented  October  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  169.) 

The  deflector  A  is  fastened  to  an  annulus  B  by  a  rod  E  passing 
diametrically  through  both,  which  rod  serves  as  a  handle  to  turn  the 


682 


X.— LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


deflector  at  option.  The  ring  C,  provided  with  projections  D  for  hold¬ 
ing  and  guiding  the  deflector,  is  to  be  fastened  above  or  aside  of  the 
car- window,  an  opening  leading  through  the  side  of  and  into  the  car 
corresponding  to  the  size  of  the  ring  C.  The  deflector  can  always  be 
turned  so  that  the  current  of  air,  wherever  it  may  come  from,  impinges 
against  its  outer  surface  and  creates  a  current  through  the  opening. 
While  the  deflector  serves  to  generate  the  ventilating  current  leading 
outwards  from  the  car,  it  also  serves  to  exclude  dust,  &c.,  from  entrance 
into  the  opening. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  application  of  a  curved  de¬ 
flector  on  the  outside  of  the  window  opening  of  a  railway  carriage,  nor 
making  the  same  to  extend  under  the  window  and  up  one  side  thereof. 

But  I  claim,  the  rotary  deflector  or  ventilator,  constructed  and  made 
to  operate  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  13,705. — Chas.  Maiion. — Improvement  in  Safety  Attachment  in 
front  of  Bailroad-Cars. — Patented  October  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 
169.) 

The  object  of  this  improvement  is  to  prevent  persons  or  things  from 
being  run  over  by  the  wheels  of  city  railroad-cars.  A  bar  a  is  placed 
in  front  of  each  wheel  and  in  the  plane  of  its  flange,  the  lower  bent 
part  of  the  rod  fitting  freely  in  the  groove  through  which  the  flange 
passes.  To  the  front  end  of  said  part  of  the  rod  are  attached  the  hori¬ 
zontal  and  vertical  wheels  C  C,  which  serve  to  guide  the  rod  through 
the  groove. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  rollers  have  been  suggested  or 
described  as  forming  a  part  of  a  safety  attachment  to  railroad-carriages 
in  combination  with  a  device  which  may,  perhaps,  be  considered  by 
the  office  as  an  equivalent  of  the  bar,  and  in  manner  somewhat  similar 
to  my  method. 

But  I  claim  the  peculiar  and  novel  combination  and  arrangement  of 
the  vertical  and  horizontal  rollers  with  the  bar,  as  described  and  rep¬ 
resented. 


No.  13,779. — Y.  P.  Corbett. — Improved  Devices  for  partially  Ex¬ 
cluding  dust  from  Bailroad  Cars. — Patented  November  13,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  169.) 

A  is  the  roof  of  a  car.  If  the  car  travels  in  the  direction  of  arrow  i , 
a  large  quantity  of  air,  dust,  &c.,  is  caught  by  the  flaring  mouth  b,  and 
caused  to  pass  into  the  chamber  through  valve  E,  which  opens  to  the 
pressure  of  the  air.  The  air,  dust,  &c.,  coming  in  contact  with  the 
flaring  portion  C1  of  pipe  C,  are  deflected  downward  by  the  same,  as 
indicated  by  the  arrows,  and  follow  the  current  of  air  around  pipe  C, 
and  escape  through  the  small  passage  f  under  E1,  while  the  greater 
portion  of  the  air  remains  in  the  chamber  on  account  of  the  escape 
being  so  small,  and  is,  by  reason  of  the  inlet  or  supply  being  so  large, 
compressed  and  caused  to  change  its  course,  and  rush  down  through 
wire-guaze  a  into  the  car. 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


683 


Claim . — 1st.  The  employment  of  the  valves  EE1  on  the  ends  of  the 
chambers  D  when  said  valves  are  so  constructed  as  to  leave  small  ex¬ 
haust  passages  f '/,  when  closed,  between  the  bottom  of  the  valves  and 
the  car,  and  so  arranged  that  one  of  them,  E  for  instance,  shall  be 
open,  while  the  other  E1  is  closed,  as  the  car  travels  in  one  direction, 
and  vice  versa  if  travelling  in  an  opposite  direction,  substantially  as 
and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

2d.  Having  the  mouth  C1  of  the  pipe  C  elevated  above  the  highest 
point  of  the  escape  passages  f  f,  in  combination  with  the  construction, 
arrangement,  and  operation  of  the  valves  E  E1  and  chamber  D,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,154. — S.  B.  Batchelor. — Improvement  in  Journal-boxes  for 

Carriages. — Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  169.) 

This  improvement  consists  in  constructing  a  pipe-journal  carriage- 
box,  with  a  united  stationary  chamber  or  recess  near  the  inner  end  of 
said  box,  embracing  a  single  flanged  shoulder  band,  permitting  the  box 
to  rotate  on  the  axle  while  the  shoulder-band  is  made  fast  to  the  axle, 
so  constructed  as  to  prevent  the  axle  from  breaking  when  connected 
with  the  journal-box,  with  a  plate  of  iron  placed  across  the  outer  end 
of  journal  pipe  A,  with  each  end  projecting  being  made  fast  thereto 
with  a  tightening  screw,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  the  journal-pipe  in 
the  hub  of  the  wheel.  The  flanged  shoulder-band  being  placed  in  the 
recess  in  ledge  C,  this  is  expanded  by  heat  sufficient  to  receive  the 
ring  R ;  after  cooling  the  pipe  the  bead  of  ring  R  will  be  embraced  by 
the  corresponding  recess  r  cut  in  the  ledge,  thereby  connecting  the 
pipes  A  and  B  firmly  together,  and  allowing  the  shoulder  band  to  ro¬ 
tate  inside  of  pipe  A. 

Claim . — The  mode  of  constructing  the  stationary  inseparably  united 
recess  in  pipe  A,  in  combination  with  the  single  adjustable  axle 
shoulder-band  D  and  sand-band  C,  with  the  cap  E  and  screw  F,  as 
herein  described,  or  in  any  other  manner  substantially  the  same,  by 
which  I  am  enabled  to  use  any  axle  of  the  common  manufacture,  as 
herein  set  forth. 


No.  12,218. — Samuel  T.  Sanford. — Improved  Carriage  Cramp. — 

Patented  January  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  169.) 

The  engraving  plainly  illustrates  the  nature  of  this  improvement. 

Claim. — Constructing  the  cramps  D  with  anti-friction  rollers  b,  said 
rollers  being  provided  with  flanches  C,  and  having  such  a  position  that 
the  peripheries  of  the  tires  and  sides  of  the  felloes  of  the  front  wheel 
will,  when  the  front  wheels  are  cramped,  bear  against  the  rollers  in 
the  manner  as  herein  shown  and  described. 


684 


X.— LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


No.  12,272. — George  R.  Comstock. — Improvement  in  Carriages. — 

Patented  January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  170.) 

This  arrangement  of  an  elliptic  spring  is  to  relieve  the  jerking  mo¬ 
tion  of  the  pole  as  the  horses  sway  side-ways,  and  the  combination  of 
fills  with  a  pole  is  to  ensure  the  throwing  down  of  the  horse  whenever 
the  carriage  is  upset,  so  that  the  horses  cannot  run  away. 

Claim. — The  employment  of  fills  F  in  combination  with  a  pole  P, 
which  pole  has  attached  to  it  an  elliptic  spring  d,  capable  of  a  motion 
around  the  pole,  to  which  spring  as  well  as  to  the  fills  the  draught 
animals  are  to  be  attached  by  the  harness,  substantially  as  set  forth ; 
also,  the  arrangement  of  the  fills  by  which  the  space  between  them  can 
be  enlarged  or  contracted  to  adapt  it  to  one  or  two  horses  as  may  be 
required  ;  the  same  to  be  effected  by  a  right-angled  elbow  b  on  the 
rear  end  of  each  fill,  having  several  bolt-holes  through  which  it  can  be 
bolted  to  the  frame-work  ol  the  carriage,  the  fill  turning  as  on  a  pivot 
in  a  loop  a  attached  to  the  outward  extremity  of  the  said  frame-work, 
substantially  as  set  forth;  also,  the  combination  of  the  united  fills,  pole, 
and  elliptic  spring  with  a  carriage,  for  the  purpose  and  in  the  manner 
substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12^273. — George  R.  Comstock. — Improvement  in  Carriage- Seats. — 

Patented  January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  170.) 

The  seat  slides  upon  rods  C  C,  and  can  be  moved  either  forward  or 
backward  by  means  of  rack-gear  G  r  and  lever  L  ;  thus  the  seat  and 
load  can  always  be  brought  directly  over  the  axle  of  the  wheels  wher¬ 
ever  the  ground  is  rising,  level,  or  descending. 

Claim . — The  method  of  adjusting  the  load,  carried  in  two-wheeled 
vehicles,  so  as  to  keep  the  pressure  upon  the  animal  drawing  the  same 
equal,  or  nearly  so,- whether  the  carriage  be  moving  upon  level  or  un¬ 
even  ground,  by  shifting  the  seat  or  upper  body  backward  or  forward, 
using  an  axis  with  toothed  quadrants  operating  upon  toothed  racks  at¬ 
tached  underneath  said  seat  or  body,  (or  by  the  use  of  any  mechanical 
equivalent,)  said  axis  being  manoeuvred  by  a  lever  which  passes  up 
through  the  arm  of  the  seat  or  upper  body,  substantially  as  set  forth; 
the  said  mechanical  apparatus  being  in  combination  with  the  carriage- 
body  and  seat. 


No.  13,230. — John  Skelley. — Improvement  in  Carriage  Wheels. — 

Patented  January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  170.) 

The  object  of  this  invention  is  to  use  light  or  small  hubs,  and  still  to 
obtain  a  stronger  wheel  than  the  ordinary  ones  now  made. 

Claim. — Constructing  the  wheel,  as  shown  and  described,  viz: 
having  a  concentric  ring  or  band  D  constructed  of  wood,  as  shown, 
and  secured  by  metallic  bands  E  E  on  its  sides ;  said  ring  or  band 
being  at  any  proper  point  between  the  hub  A  and  rim  B  of  the  wheel, 
and  having  the  half  spokes  F  secured  between  the  rim  and  ring  or 
band,  the  whole  spokes  passing  through  said  ring  or  band,  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  as  shown  and  described. 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


685 


1ST o.  12,430. — John  T.  Ogden,  assignor  to  John  T.  Ogden  and  Thos. 
Goddard. — Improvement  in  Carriage  Windows. — Patented  Febru¬ 
ary  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  110.) 

Figures  1  and  2  represent  inside  views  of  the  carriage.  The  win¬ 
dow  is  held  in  any  desired  position  by  the  catch  e,  (catching  into  one 
of  the  notches  l  on  the  under  edge  of  the  window  frame  B,)  which  is 
pivoted  at fy  and  is  forced  up  by  the  springy;  this  catch,  when  the 
window  is  closed,  passes  up  behind  the  sash  and  locks  the  latter  (see 
figure  1)  until  the  catch  is  released  by  depressing  knob  A,  when  the 
window  is  drawn  back  by  the  force  of  spring  F  (see  position  of  C 
represented  in  dotted  lines  in  figure  1).  When  and  as  long  as  the 
catch  e  is  in  any  one  of  the  notches  Z,  or  is  in  contact  with  the  under 
edge  of  the  sash  B,  the  bolt  m  is  projected  into  standard  K,  (see  figure 
2,)  and  the  door  is  securely  bolted.  When  the  sash  is  in  one  of  the 
two  positions  represented  in  figure  1  (closed  or  entirely  open)  the  catch 
e  rises  sufficiently  to  release  the  bolt  m  and  allow  the  door  to  be 
opened. 

Claim. — The  method,  substantially  as  described,  of  withdrawing  the 
sash  through  the  rear  stile  of  the  door,  and  retaining  the  door  bolted 
while  the  window  is  partially  open,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose 
set  forth. 


No.  12,151. — William  G.  Foglesong,  assignor  to  Wm.  G.  Foglesong 
and  Benjamin  D.  Anderson. — Improvement  in  Folding -tops  for  Car¬ 
riages. — Patented  April  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  110.) 

The  catch-pin  d  of  trigger  «,  engaging  within  a  suitable  socket  in  the 
stem  c,  holds  the  principal  bow  b  and  those  (g  h)  behind  it  to  their 
opened  or  spread  position.  Spring  j  causes  the  catch  to  engage  auto¬ 
matically  the  instant  the  bow  is  brought  forward.  By  pressing  back 
the  trigger  and  spring,  the  catch  disengages  and  the  bow  collapses. 

Claim. — The  application  of  a  catch  a,  as  described,  or  its  equivalent, 
in  front  of  the  hinge  which  unites  the  principal  bow  or  slat  iron  to  the 
stem,  for  the  convenient  stretching,  &c.,  of  a  carriage  or  buggy-top, 
as  explained. 


No.  12,869. — A.  H.  Niles. — Improvement  in  Joint-bodied  Carriages. — 

Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  110.) 

The  improvement  consists  in  constructing  a  second  joint  C  in  the 
carriage-body  in  addition  to  the  joint  between  A  and  B,  which  is  the 
subject  of  J.  C.  Spencer’s  letters  patent.  The  half  elliptic  spring  D 
is  fitted  to  the  bottom  of  the  carriage-body,  and  under  the  said  joint  C, 
for  the  purpose  of  adding  to  the  ease  of  the  carriage  and  of  obviating 
the  danger  of  its  being  broken  by  jolts,  &c.  The  joint  being  in  that 
part  of  the  body  which  is  most  liable  to  break. 

Claim. — The  application  to  joint-bodied  buggy-wagons  and  fight  car¬ 
riages  of  the  above  described  additional  joint  and  spring,  or  any  other 
substantially  the  same,  or  which  will  produce  the  intended  effect. 


686 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


No.  12,979. — E.  D.  Williams. — Improvement  in  Vehicles. — Patented 

May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  171.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  plate-springs  D  F  and  the  spiral 
springs  E  G,  connected  or  attached  to  the  floor  c  of  the  body  of  the 
vehicle  and  the  perch  B,  as  shown,  and  using,  in  connexion  with  the 
said  springs,  the  straps  H  J  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  sudden  lon¬ 
gitudinal  and  lateral  vibrations,  as  shown  and  described. 


No.  13,171. — Edward  Hayes  and  Morgan  Hayes. — Improved  Appa¬ 
ratus  for  Setting  Bows  for  Carriage-tops . — Patented  July  3,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  111.) 

The  bows  A  are  set  in  the  following  manner :  They  are  first  cen¬ 
tered,  and  the  centre  marks  placed  on  the  points  m  of  the  curved  strip 
g,  the  bows  resting  transversely  upon  the  three  strips  ffg.  The  bows 
are  placed  the  proper  distance  apart  and  secured  down  upon  the  strips 
by  the  clamps  n.  The  two  end  bows  are  secured  upon  the  pieces  A, 
as  shown  in  figure  1  ;  and  as  these  pieces  are  adjustable  by  means  of 
slots  and  screws  i  j ,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  upper  part  of  the  carriage- 
top  may  be  made  longer  or  shorter  as  desired,  because  the  top  of  the 
framing  may  be  increased  or  diminishea  in  length.  The  plates  p  are 
then  adjusted  so  that  the  pivots  or  arms  t  will  occupy  the  same  posi¬ 
tion  on  the  end  pieces  a,  that  the  arms  do  on  the  sides  of  the  seat  of  the 
carriage.  The  joints  B  are  then  placed  upon  the  arms  t  and  secured 
thereon  by  thumb-nuts  u,  and  the  lower  ends  of  the  bows  are  then 
fitted  to  the  j  fints.  The  bows  are  then  properly  set,  and  may  be  se¬ 
cured  by  a  strip  a1.  Figure  2  represents  only  one-half  of  a  cross  sec¬ 
tion,  ol  which  x  x  is  the  centre  line. 

Claim . — Setting  or  adjusting  the  bows  A  for  carriage-tops,  by  means 
of  a  framing  constructed  substantially  as  herein  shown,  and  provided 
with  clamps  adjustable  pieces  A,  and  adjustable  arms  or  pivots  t ,  as 
described. 


No.  13,311. — Moses  G.  Hubbard. — Improvement  in  Carriaqes. — 

Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  171.) 

The  object  of  this  improvement  is  to  furnish  a  connexion  between  the 
forward  axle  d  and  other  running  gear  of  a  carriage,  that  shall  enable 
the  carriage  to  turn  short,  while  at  the  same  time  the  draft  is  steadier 
than  in  the  usual  constructions,  and  the  carriage  can  be  backed  with¬ 
out  turning  out  of  position.  The  two  springs  a  (attached  to  the  body 
behind  and  to  the  bolster  in  front)  have  the  curved  slotted  piece  h 
affixed  to  their  front  ends,  through  which  the  king-bolt  passes.  The 
springs  are  also  jointed  to  the  forward  axle  by  means  of  bars  c. 

Claim. — The  cross-bar  for  attaching  the  forward  axle  to  the  other 
parts  of  the  running-gear,  and  bar  for  the  king-bolt,  combined  and  ar¬ 
ranged  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE.  687 

No.  13,428. — B.  W.  Gay. — Improved  Extension  Vehicle. — Patented 
August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  171.) 

A  front- rocker  fastened  to  reaches  B,  the  latter  connected  by  a 
cross-piece  C,  through  which  the  screws  D  work.  The  screw-rods 
have  their  bearings  in  the  back  bed-piece  F.  The  front  part  of  the 
body  slides  within  and  upon  the  back  part.  The  back  seat  is  made 
large  enough  to  receive  or  encase  the  front  one;  so  that  when  the  screws 
are  turned,  the  vehicle  will  be  drawn  together  so  as  to  present  the  ap¬ 
pearance  of  a  single-seated  conveyance. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  screw-perch,  constructed  and  operated  in  the  man¬ 
ner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

2d.  The  application,  in  combination  with  said  screw-perch,  of  the 
rods,  as  described. 


No.  13,487. — JohnL.  Cisco. — Improvement  in  Carriages. — Patented 
August  28,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  171.) 

The  half-circle  plate  G  is  fastened  to  the  front  axle  in  M  and  F  and 
also  to  the  lower  side  of  the  bar  D  E  at  G1 ;  the  bar  D  E  has  a  slot  at 
its  rear  end,  through  which  a  bolt  passes  upward  from  the  perch  C. 
The  half-circle  plate  L  is  fastened  to  the  front  axle.  To  the  fore  end 
of  bar  D  E,  atD,  the  head-block  is  fastened,  on  which  rest  the  elliptic 
springs  S  T,  which  latter,  together  with  the  rear  springs  S1,  support 
the  body-frame  b  b.  The  dotted  lines  represent  the  position  of  parts 
when  the  carriage  is  turning,  the  above  described  parts  being  so  ar¬ 
ranged  as  to  prevent  the  wheels  from  coming  into  contact  with  the  body. 
The  half-circle  G  serves  as  a  brace  to  firmly  connect  the  fulcrum  G1  ol 
the  bar  D  E  writh  the  front  axle ;  the  half-circle  L  serves  as  a  guide- 
rest  for  motions  of  the  fore  end  of  bar  D  E. 

Claim. — The  application  of  the  apparatus  described,  in  turning  car¬ 
riages  short,  consisting  of  the  half-circle  bars  or  plates  and  sliding- bar 
attached  to  the  running  gear,  as  described,  in  connexion  with  the  fifth 
wheels,  by  which,  in  turning  short,  the  body  is  carried  out  of  the  way 
of  the  wheels,  in  manner  substantially  as  described,  or  any  other  ap¬ 
paratus  substantially  the  same,  producing  the  same  effect. 


No.  13,604. — Alonzo  Webster. — Improved  Hold-back  for  Carriages. 

— Patented  September  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  171.) 

This  hold-back  is  attached  to  the  shaft  A  B  of  a  carriage,  A  being 
the  forward  portion  of  the  shaft.  When  the  hold-back  is  hitched,  the 
dovetail  slide  E,  with  the  hold-back  strap  F  attached  to  it,  is  shoved 
into  the  groove,  and  is  there  held  from  working  forward  by  spring  G; 
but  when  the  horse  is  unhitched  from  the  whiflle-tree,  the  spring  will 
give  under  the  forward  pressure  and  let  the  horse  free  from  the  carriage. 

Claim. — The  dovetail  groove  D,  the  dovetail  slide  E,  and  the  spring 
G  ;  the  whole  being  applied  and  made  to  operate  substantially  in  the 
manner  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


688 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


No.  13,690. — Edwin  Wilson. — Improved  Extension  Beach  for  Car¬ 
riages. — Patented  October  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  111.) 

B  represents  the  back  axle.  The  nature  of  the  improvement  will  be 
understood  from  the  claim  and  engravings. 

Claim . — Connecting  the  reach  C  to  the  centre  piece  F  of  the  hounds 
G  by  means  of  the  cogged  bars  H  D,  slide  E,  and  clasp  I,  constructed 
and  arranged  substantially  as  shown  and  described. 


No.  13,191. — Ansel  W.  Porter. — Improvement  in  mode  of  hanging 

Cariage  Bodies.  Patented  November  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  112.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

Claim. — The  free  roller  connexion  between  the  carriage  body  and 
the  longitudinal  levers,  as  described,  for  permitting  all  shocks  to  be 
conveyed  through  the  said  levers  to  the  springs  without  direct  action 
on  the  body,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,821. — Lyman  Jacobs  and  C.  E.  Landon. — Improved  method  of 

attaching  Tops  to  Seats  of  Carriages. — Patented  November  20,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  112.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  consists  in  removing  tops  of  car¬ 
riages  from  their  seats,  without  removing  the  rails,  by  means  of  grooves 
in  the  frames  of  the  tops,  together  with  the  mode  of  fastening  said  tops 
to  their  seats.  When  the  top  is  placed  upon  the  seat,  the  back  rail  A 
enters  the  corresponding  groove  C  C  of  top,  and  is  therefore  concealed. 
The  back  rail  is  fastened  at  the  corners  of  the  seat,  supported  by  the 
standards  B  B,  which,  extending  down  the  inside  of  the  back  to  the 
bottom  of  the  seat,  turn  sufficiently  to  admit  of  one  or  more  screws, 
and  they  are  secured  by  means  of  bevelled  nut  D.  H  H  are  irons 
near  the  front  ends  of  the  sides  of  the  top,  which  may  be  fastened  on 
the  inside  and  at  the  bottom  across  which  they  run,  then  extending 
downwards  at  I  I,  each  having  a  hole  through  which  the  bolts  E  screw 
into  the  beveled  nuts  D.  The  bolts  F  screw  from  the  outside  of  the 
back  through  the  standards  into  nuts  G,  which  are  fastened  on  the  in¬ 
side  of  back  under  the  trimming. 

Claim. — The  described  method  of  concealing  the  back  rails  of  seats 
to  carriages  by  means  of  grooves  in  the  back  of  the  tops.  And  fur¬ 
ther,  in  combination  with  the  grooves,  the  mode  of  fastening  tops  to 
seats  of  carriages  by  means  of  beveled  nuts  and  bolts,  as  represented 
at  E  E  and  D  D,  fig.  1,  and  F  F  and  G  G,  fig.  2. 


No.  12,504. — Ze.  Butt. — Improvement  in  Self-loading  Carts. — Patented 
March  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  112.) 

To  load  this  cart  the  notch  r  is  released  from  its  connexion  with  the 
shaft  of  the  windlass  K,  and  the  body  D  of  the  cart  drops  to  the  ground 
in  the  position  shown  in  figure  2.  Now,  as  the  cart  moves  forward 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


689 


the  front  of  the  body  enters  the  loosened  earth,  and,  being  arrested  by 
the  back  of  the  cart,  packs  up  the  cart.  To  elevate  the  load  the  back 
of  the  cart  is  tilted  downwards,  which  elevates  the  point  and  loosens  it 
from  the  ground;  the  windlass  K  is  then  turned,  and  the  body  is  ele¬ 
vated  to  its  former  position.  To  unload  the  cart  it  is  tilted  backwards 
the  same  as  a  common  cart. 

Claim. — The  manner  described,  or  any  other  essentially  the  same, 
of  constructing,  arranging,  combining,  and  operating  cart-bodi  s,  so 
that  they  can  be  dropped  to  or  upon  the  ground  to  receive  the  load,  be 
loaded  as  the  cart  moves  forward,  and  then  elevated  and  dumped  or 
unloaded,  the  same  as  an  ordinary  cart,  substantially  as  and  for  the 
purpose  described. 


No.  12,562. — Jno.  A.  Sprague  and  Bernard  O’Connor. — Improved 

Self-loading  Cart. — Patented  March  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  112.) 

The  scoop  is  of  sufficient  size  to  hold  one  cart-load,  and  is  divided 
transversely  ;  and  the  two  parts  are  joined  together  by  hinges,  for  the 
purpose  of  dropping  the  load  through  the  bottom  by  its  own  weight 
when  the  hinges  are  opened.  Chains  for  an  extra  team  to  assist  in 
loading  are  attached  to  angles  J,  from  which  chains  run  back  to  the 
scoop,  by  which  means  the  draught  upon  the  scoop  is  brought  near  to  a 
horizontal  line. 

The  inventors  say :  We  do  not  claim  the  combination  of  a  large 
scoop  or  scraper,  undivided,  with  the  ordinary  cart,  by  suspension,  in 
such  a  manner  that  the  scoop  or  scraper  may  be  raised  or  lowered 
by  a  windlass  or  lever,  for  this  has  been  done  before  ;  neither  do  we 
claim  dividing  the  scoop  transversely  near  the  middle,  as  such  a  de¬ 
vice  has  been  known  and  applied  in  dredging-machines. 

We  claim,  first,  the  combination  of  a  large  divided  scoop,  construct¬ 
ed  as  described,  with  an  ordinary  cart,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  substantially  as  specified  and  set  forth. 

2d.  The  angle-irons  J,  on  the  under  side  of  the  cart-shafts  near  the 
forward  ends,  for  the  purpose  specified  and  described. 


No.  12,804. — Jonathan  Wilkinson. — Improvement  in  Self-loading  and 
Unloading  Carts. — Patented  May  1,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  112.) 

The  levers  H  I  J  K  being  locked  down  in  their  detents,  the  scoops 
L,  boxes  and  adjustable  frame  E,  all  elevated,  and  the  dumping-gates 
c  closed,  and  the  front  scoop  L  having  arrived  at  the  place  where  load¬ 
ing  is  to  commence,  the  operator  detaches  lever  H  from  its  detent,  so 
as  to  lower  the  rear  end  of  the  frame  E,  and  then  detaches  lever  I,  and 
lets  down  the  scoop  L.  After  it  has  taken  up  its  load,  the  lever  is 
again  pressed  down  and  locked,  which  raises  the  front  of  the  scoop 
considerably  above  the  bottom  of  the  box,  so  as  to  prevent  the  contents 
from  falling  out.  The  vehicle  still  advancing,  the  operator  at  the 
proper  moment  detaches  lever  J,  letting  down  second  scoop  L  to  take 
up  its  load  where  the  first  one  finished.  Then  it  is  raised  and  locked 
like  the  first  scoop,  and  so  on  until  all  the  scoops  are  loaded.  The  rear 
44 


690 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


end  of  the  frame  E  is  then  elevated  by  depressing  lever  H,  and  the 
vehicle  is  ready  to  be  removed.  When  the  loads  are  to  be  deposited, 
the  lever  P  is  moved  back,  thereby  moving  back  the  spring-detents  f 
and  releasing  the  arms  e  which  project  from  the  windlasses  d ,  from  which 
windlasses  are  suspended  the  dumping-gates  c.  Thus  the  gates  will 
be  dropped  simultaneously,  and  the  contents  passing  out  will  be  spread 
nearly  uniformly  by  the  forward  motion  of  the  vehicle. 

Claim. — In  self-loading  and  unloading  carts,  the  combination  and  ar¬ 
rangement  in  one  vehicle  of  a  series  of  two,  three,  or  more  compara¬ 
tively  small  scoop-shovels  or  scrapers  and  their  respective  carry¬ 
ing-boxes,  so  that  each  of  the  series  can  be  loaded  in  succession,  inde¬ 
pendently  of  the  others,  while  the  vehicle  is  in  motion  ;  thus,  owing  to 
the  shortness  from  front  to  rear  of  the  scoops  to  be  forced  into  the  sub¬ 
stance  with  which  the  cart  is  to  be  loaded,  and  the  smallness  of  the 
quantity  to  be  taken  up  by  each,  avoiding  the  necessity  of  employing  a 
powerful  team,  or  of  hitching  on  an  extra  team  while  the  vehicle  is 
being  loaded,  as  is  usually  the  case  in  taking  up  a  sufficient  load  for 
an  ordinary  team  in  a  cart  having  but  one  large  scoop;  and  so  that 
when  the  vehicle  is  removed  to  the  place  where  the  load  is  to  be  de¬ 
posited,  all  the  boxes  of  the  series  can  be  dumped  or  unloaded  simul¬ 
taneously  without  stopping  the  team,  and  leave  the  contents  spread 
out  in  a  layer  of  uniform  or  nearly  uniform  depth ;  the  whole  being 
constructed  and  operated  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth 
in  the  foregoing  specification,  or  in  any  other  manner  substantially 
equivalent  thereto. 

I  also  claim  the  manner  of  operating  the  scoops  and  boxes,  by  means 
of  levers  connected  to  them  by  two  rods  a  b,  or  their  equivalents,  to 
each  lever ;  the  one  b  attached  to  the  box,  being  connected  with  the 
lever  nearer  its  fulcrum  than  the  one  a  attached  to  the  scoop,  so  that 
operating  the  lever  will  move  the  scoop  through  a  greater  space  than 
it  does  the  box ;  thus  enabling  the  scoop  to  be  depressed  a  sufficient 
distance  to  take  up  its  portion  of  the  load,  and  then  elevated  so  as  to 
constitute  the  front  of  the  carrying-box,  while,  at  the  same  time,  the 
box  is  elevated  by  the  rod  attached  to  the  lever  nearest  its  fulcrum  a 
sufficient  distance  to  be  clear  of  the  surface  over  which  the  vehicle  is 
to  be  conveyed,  substantially  as  herein  described  and  set  forth. 

Also  the  manner  of  attaching  the  scoop-boxes  to  the  adjustable  frame 
E,  and  the  adjustable  frame  to  the  fixed  frame  A,  by  means  of  sliding- 
bars  or  rods  F,  or  their  mechanical  equivalents,  so  constructed  and  ar¬ 
ranged  that  the  scoops  and  boxes  are  capable  of  a  vertical  but  not  of 
a  horizontal  motion,  except  as  the  whole  vehicle  is  moved ;  thus  en¬ 
abling  the  scoops  while  being  loaded  to  be  held  firmly  at  any  desired 
depth  against  the  substance  to  be  taken  up  by  them,  substantially  as 
herein  specified. 


No.  12,455. — Niram  Hawley. — Mandrel  for  Holding  Carriage-Hubs , 
etc. — Patented  February  27,  1855. — (Plates,  p.  172.) 

Two  cones  (winged  as  seen  in  the  engraving  or  plan)  are  adjusted 
to  a  shaft,  one  of  them  immovable,  having  a  circular  face  C  to  render 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


691 


perfect  the  movement  of  the  set,  when  the  spokes  are  being  driven 
into  the  hub  ;  and  the  other  cone  is  to  slide  upon  the  shaft,  retaining  it 
in  the  centre  of  the  box  when  repairing  the  hub. 

Claim. — The  application  of  the  cone-shaped  cylinders,  calculated 
for  every  size  box  or  hub,  and  the  face  end  of  the  cylinders  to  make 
the  revolutions  of  the  set  invariable. 


No.  12,811. — John  M.  Perkins. — Improved  Mode  of  Attaching  Hubs 
to  Axles. — Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  113.) 

To  attach  the  hub  to  the  axle,  the  cap  F  is  placed  against  the  back 
end  of  the  hub  A,  the  lips  d  being  between  the  projections  b.  The 
cap  is  then  turned  from  left  to  right,  and  the  lips  pass  over  the  outer 
edges  of  the  projections,  and  the  pin  H  (which  is  attached  to  a  spiral 
spring  c )  passes  into  hole  e.  When  the  hub  is  to  be  detached,  the  pin 
is  forced  back  in  the  position  shown  in  figure  1,  and  the  cap  turned 
back. 

Claim. — Attaching  hubs  to  axles  by  having  segment  projections  b 
attached  to  the  back  end  of  the  hub  and  lips  d  on  the  inner  surface  of 
cap  F,  which  is  placed  loosely  on  the  arm  of  the  axle ;  said  lips  being 
fitted  over  the  projections  by  turning  the  cap,  and  prevented  from 
moving  off  of  the  projections  upon  the  backward  movement  of  the 
wheel  by  the  pin  H,  as  herein  shown  and  described. 


No.  12,946. — John  Henderson. — Improvement  in  Hub  and  Axle  Fas¬ 
tening. — Patented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  113.) 

C  and  D  are  the  upper  and  lower  part  of  the  frustrum-box.  The 
dividing  line  a  b  of  the  two  parts  has  a  portion  c  (of  part  C)  removed. 
The  cap  E  fits  over  the  box,  effectually  excluding  dust,  &c.  The 
space  c  permits  the  lower  part  of  the  frustrum-box  to  slide  forward 
sufficiently  to  connect  or  disconnect  with  the  axle  without  removing 
the  other  part  from  the  cap. 

Claim. — The  peculiar  form  of  the  frustrum-box  fastening,  operating 
in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  herein  described. 


No.  13,307. — Chatjncey  H.  Guard,  assignor  to  John  A.  Scroggs  and 
Chauncey  H.  Guard. — Machine  for  Boring  and  Mortising  Hubs. — 
Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  173.) 

By  depressing  the  handle  of  the  left-hand  lever  p,  (fig.  2,)  both  the 
levers  p  will  be  turned  on  their  fulcra  in  the  supports  q,  thereby  bring¬ 
ing  the  screw-thread  segments  o  into  contact  with  the  left-handed 
screw-threads  gl  on  the  bit-holder  m,  and  withdrawing  the  segment  n 
from  the  right-handed  screw-threads  A1,  and  thus  crossing  the  bits 
which  are  revolved  by  cog-gearing  A  l,  to  move  inwards  towards  the 
hub  A ;  after  the  preliminary  holes  are  bored,  the  bits  are  withdrawn 
by  elevating  the  handle  of  lever  p,  throwing  o  out  of  gear,  and  n  into 
gear,  with  screw-threads  A1.  The  carriage  B  C  is  then  moved  endwise 


692 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


(by  screws  w  and  v),  until  the  hub  is  between  the  chisels  g  h.  By  de¬ 
pressing  the  lever  E,  which  is  affixed  to  the  shaft  of  cog-wheel  G, 
which  latter  meshes  into  the  teeth  of  racks  a  and  c,  the  chisels  will  be 
brought  down  upon  the  hub  so  as  to  form  two  mortises. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  levers  p  p,  and  the  segments  o  o  and 
n  n,  with  the  right  and  left  screws  gl  and  A1,  on  the  periphery  of  the 
bit-holders  m  m ,  in  such  a  manner  that  a  proper  position  of  the  said 
levers  and  segments  will  cause  the  rotary  motion  of  the  said  holders  to 
move  them  longitudinally,  either  inwards  or  outwards,  and  which  posi¬ 
tion  may  be  instantly  reversed  at  the  pleasure  of  the  person  operating 
the  machine,  substantially  as  set  forth. 

Also,  arranging  the  rack-bars  a  c,  and  the  upper  and  lower  chisels 
g  h ,  in  such  a  manner  that  the  said  chisels  can  be  made  to  simultane¬ 
ously  strike  upon  opposite  sides  of  the  hub  placed  between  them,  sub¬ 
stantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

I  also  claim  arranging  the  rack-bars  a  c ,  supporting  and  guiding-bars 
H  H,  and  the  regulating-screw  e,  with  each  other,  in  such  a  manner 
that  the  chisels  g  h  may  be  made  to  act  in  corresponding  vertical  or 
oblique  directions  in  forming  mortises,  substantially  in  the  manner  and 
for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,919. — Shepherd  W.  Reed  .—Improvement  in  Carriage- Hubs. — 

Patented  December  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  173.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  a  loose  disk-brace  or  flange 
has  been  used  to  support  the  spokes  of  a  wheel,  mounted  on  and  sup¬ 
ported  between  the  two  flanges  of  a  hub,  and  having  recesses  to  re¬ 
ceive  the  forked  tenon  of  a  spoke,  formed  by  a  saw-cut,  into  which  the 
disk  is  fitted ;  such  a  hub  I  do  not  claim,  as  that  has  been  patented  by 
J.  B.  Haydon. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  dodged  mortises  D,  formed  on 
both  sides  of  the  permanent  projecting  flange  or  brace  C,  by  the  trian¬ 
gularly  shaped  projections  A,  radiating  from  the  tube  B,  for  the  recep¬ 
tion  of  the  spoke-tenon,  whereby  a  double  row  of  spokes  may  be  in¬ 
serted  in  the  hub,  and  supported  by  the  flange  C,  in  combinarion  with 
the  nuts  H,  to  tighten  or  lock  the  spokes,  and  by  which  a  broken  or 
worn  out  spoke  may  be  removed,  and  a  new  one  inserted  in  its  place, 
without  untiring  the  wheel,  as  described. 


No.  13,962. — Eliphalet  S.  Scripture. — Improvement  in  Attaching 

Hubs  to  Axles . — Patented  December  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  173.) 

The  wearing-collar  C  will  be  kept  perfectly  lubricated  at  all  times 
by  the  gasket  G,  and  the  gasket  may  be  supplied  with  oil  by  opening 
the  plate  H.  The  hub  may  be  detached  from  the  axle  by  merely 
opening  said  plate  H,  the  bolts  J  K  not  requiring  to  be  drawn  from  the 
hub,  as  in  the  ordinary  hub  attachment. 

Claim. — The  plate  H  jointed  or  formed  of  two  parts,  and  provided 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


693 


with  flanches  F,  as  shown,  in  combination  with  the  shield-collar  I  and 
gasket  G,  arranged  substantially  as  shown,  and  for  the  purpose  speci¬ 
fied. 


No.  12,788. — Thomas  Firth. — Improvement  in  Alloys  for  Journal- 

Boxes. — Patented  May  1,  1855. 

This  improvement  is  intended  to  produce  a  composition  metal  which 
shall  not  cut  and  melt  in  the  journals  of  rolling-mills,  boxes  of  car- 
axles,  etc.,  and  which  shall  be  cheaper  than  the  one  in  common  use. 

(No  illustration.) 

Claim. — A  composition  of  matter  of  copper  and  zinc,  in  the  propor¬ 
tions  of  seven  and  one  half  parts  of  copper  to  ninety-two  and  a  half 
parts  of  zinc,  or  any  other  mixture  substantially  the  same,  and  which 
will  produce  the  intended  effect. 


No.  13,427. — Joseph  Garratt,  Sr. — Improvement  in  Alloys  for  Jour¬ 
nal-Boxes. — Patented  August  14,  1855. 

Claim. — The  production  of  an  alloy  of  a  bluish-gray  color,  which, 
while  it  has  unsurpassable  anti-friction  qualities,  has  also  sufficient 
tenacity  to  allow  of  journal-boxes  being  formed  of  it  that  do  not  require 
the  protection  of  outer  casings  of  a  harder  metal;  the  said  alloy  being 
composed  of  zinc,  copper,  and  antimony,  in  about  the  following  pro¬ 
portions,  viz:  Seventeen  parts  zinc,  one  part  copper,  and  one  part  and 
a  half  of  antimony,  or  an}^  other  mixture  substantially  the  same,  and 
which  will  produce  the  same  effect. 


No.  13,465. — Benjamin  F.  Lawton. — Improvement  in  Journal-Box 
Alloys. — Patented  August  21,  1855. 

The  alloy  is  composed  of  wrought-iron,  copper,  tin,  and  arsenic  in 
various  proportions,  according  to  the  degree  of  hardness,  toughness, 
etc.,  required — for  instance:  two  parts  oxyd  of  arsenic,  three  parts 
tin,  five  parts  iron,  (scraps,)  fifteen  parts  copper. 

Cla>m. — The  aforesaid  alloy  or  box-metal,  as  a  new  material  for  the 
purpose  of  forming  boxes,  journals,  axles,  and  all  other  rubbing  sur¬ 
faces  of  the  moving  parts  of  machinery,  as  described. 


No.  13,466. — Benjamin  F.  Lawton. — Improvement  in  Journal-Box 

Alloys. — Patented  August  21,  1855. 

This  alloy  consists  of  cast-steel,  (scraps,)  nickel,  copper,  and  tin,  in 
various  proportions — for  instance:  twenty  parts  cast-steel,  eight  parts 
nickel,  twelve  parts  tin,  and  sixty  parts  copper. 

Claim. — The  aforesaid  box-metal  or  alloy,  as  an  improved  material 
for  the  purposes  of  forming  locomotive  crank-boxes,  piston-tings,  jour¬ 
nals,  boxes,  axles,  and  other  rubbing  surfaces  of  the  moving  parts  of 
machinery. 


694 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


No.  12,591. — Warner  Groat. — Improvement  in  P aching  Journal- 

Boxes. — Patented  March  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  113.) 

B  is  the  journal,  C  its  bearing;  a  the  annular  packing;  D  the  adjust¬ 
able  tightener  brought  up  against  the  packing,  its  flange  or  shoulder  D1 
fitting  closely  around  the  lower  edge  of  it;  D  is  provided  with  two  legs 
d ,  rounded  at  the  lower  end.  E  is  the  adjusting  frame,  the  ends  of 
which  are  rounded  so  as  to  correspond  with  the  lower  end  of  said  legs. 
By  turning  the  rachet-wheel  in  the  direction  of  the  arrow,  the  cam  F 
forces  the  frame  E  forward,  and  drives  up  the  tightener  so  as  to  tighten 
the  packing  around  the  axle.  When  sufficiently  tightened,  the  braces 
G  are  slipped  in  and  hold  the  tightener  firmly  on  the  packing. 

Claim. — The  combination  and  arrangement  of  the  packings,  ring, 
and  apparatus  for  tightening  the  same  within  the  box,  substantially  as 
described,  so  that  the  packing  in  the  inner  end  of  the  box  can  be  tight¬ 
ened  at  the  end,  and  the  box  be  kept  oil-tight  without  being  pierced 
with  holes,  as  specified. 


No.  13,454. — Edward  Campbell. — Improvement  in  Glass  Journal- 

Box. — Patented  August  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  113.) 

The  back  A  of  the  cast-iron  box  is  formed  with  a  hollow  recess  for 
the  reception  of  the  glass  lining  d. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  union  of  glass  and  iron,  whilst 
the  former  is  in  a  plastic  state,  and  the  latter  at  a  red  heat,  by  pressure 
to  produce  a  welding  of  the  two. 

But  I  claim ,  as  a  new  manufacture,  a  journal-box  composed  of  an  iron 
body  and  anti-friction  lining  surface  of  glass,  when  the  said  glass  lining 
is  combined  with  its  iron  back,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,118. — Thomas  Chope. — Improvement  in  Attaching  Shafts  to 

Axles. — Patented  November  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  114.) 

To  the  axle  A  there  are  attached  metal  pieces  D  D,  the  outer  ends 
of  which  are  forked  and  have  small  metal  cylinders  c  fitted  in  them,  the 
pivots  d  passing  through  the  cylinders  and  forks.  The  shafts  B  are 
secured  to  the  axle  A  by  passing  the  curved  ends  of  the  plates  C  be¬ 
hind  the  cylinders  c,  the  lips  a  fitting  in  the  notches  e  of  the  cylinders. 
The  lips  are  kept  in  the  notches,  when  the  shafts  are  in  the  usual  posi¬ 
tion,  by  the  concave  ends  of  the  pieces  D. 

The  engravings  exhibit  only  one  end  of  the  axle  A  with  one  shaft, 
the  other  end  with  the  other  shaft  being  exactly  alike. 

Claim. — Attaching  the  shafts  B  B  to  the  front  axle  A  by  means  of 
the  curved-plates  C  C  attached  to  the  back  ends  of  the  shafts,  and  the 
cylinder  c  secured  in  the  ends  of  the  projections  D,  which  are  attached 
to  the  front  axle,  the  cylinders  c  having  notches  e  made  in  their  pe¬ 
ripheries  to  receive  the  lips  a  on  the  ends  of"  the  plates  C,  substantially 
as  shown  and  described. 


X.— LAND  CONVEYANCE.  695 

No.  13,804. — Alfred  E.  Smith. — Improved  mode  of  Securing  Shafts  to 
Axles. — Patented  November  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  174.) 

c  are  the  springs  connecting  the  shafts  a  with  the  eye -staples  e  e. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  blocks  of  India-rubber  have 
been  interposed  between  the  ends  of  carriage  shafts  or  thills  and  the 
metal  clips  attached  to  the  axle  to  make  pressure  against  the  ends  of 
the  shafts  or  thills,  with  a  view  to  prevent  wear,  rattling,  and  accident  j 
but  as  each  block  of  India-rubber  is  hollowed  out  in  the  front  face  to  fit 
the  rounded  end  of  the  shaft  or  thill,  it  will  seriously  impede  the  up- 
and-down  motion  of  the  horse  and  the  passage  of  the  carriage  over 
irregularities. 

I  do  not,  therefore,  mean  to  be  understood  as  making  claim  to  the 
use  of  springs  or  elastic  substances  at  the  connexion  of  the  shafts  or 
thill  with  the  axle,  to  prevent  wear,  rattling,  noise,  and  accident. 

I  claim  connecting  the  stems  of  the  shafts  or  thills  with  the  eye-sta¬ 
ples  by  means  of  a  spring  or  springs  acting  laterally  against  the  faces 
of  the  eye-staples,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  12,513. — Wm.  H.  Guiwits. — Improvements  in  Sleighs. — Patented 
March  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  174.) 

The  cross-bar  O  serves  to  stiffen  the  tongue  B,  and  also  to  spread  the 
connecting-irons  Q,  which  latter  pass  through  slots  R  in  cross-bar  O. 
This  connexion  between  the  tongue  and  the  forward  runners  IP  per¬ 
mits  great  freedom  of  movement  in  the  latter  without  any  wrenching  of 
the  same.  The  hind  runners  D  are  provided  with  rolling-bolsters  M1 
M2,  between  which  and  fixed  bolsters  M  M  the  friction-rollers  H  inter¬ 
vene,  the  latter  being  held  in  their  places  by  the  springs  H1  which  are 
fastened  to  the  top  of  the  hind  axle-tree  C.  This  arrangement  admits 
of  an  independent  movement  of  the  hind  runners  without  wrenching 
the  sleigh,  the  axle-tree  C  being  allowed  to  move  slightly  in  correspond¬ 
ence  with  the  movements  of  either  of  the  runners  D. 

Claim.— The  combination  of  the  sliding  bolsters  M1  M2  and  friction 
rollers  PI  H  with  the  axle-tree  C  and  fixed  bolsters  M,  in  the  manner 
and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

Also,  the  slots  R  in  cross-bar  O,  which  permit  the  movement  of  the 
forward  runners  without  any  wrenching. 


No.  12,850.— David  S.  Barber,  Almon  Thompson,  and  De  Algeroy 

Thompson. — Improvement  in.  Sleighs. — Patented  May  15,  185o. 

(Plates,  p.  174.) 

By  means  of  bringing  the  hand  lever  into  either  of  positions  n  or  h, 
the  sleigh  will  be  caused  to  rest  on  the  ground  either  with  the  runners 
or  with  the  wheels,  as  apparent  from  the  figure. 

Claim. — The  attachment  of  wheels  to  a  sleigh  to  operate  as  afore¬ 
said,  in  the  manner  herein  substantially  described. 


696 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


No.  12,406. — Levi  Bissell. — Improvement  in  Metallic  Springs. — 

Patented  February  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  175.) 

The  weight  of  the  car  presses  upon  the  bracket  M,  and  consequently 
upon  strap  C  D  (on  which  the  bracket  rests)  ;  and  as  the  extremities  of 
the  rigid  bar  A  B  and  of  the  strap  C  D  are  supported  by  the  journals 
of  the  axles,  the  strap  tends  to  recede  from  the  rigid  bar,  which  it  can 
only  by  increasing  its  length  to  the  extent  of  its  tensile  elasticity. 

Claim. — The  combim  tion  of  the  rigid  bar  and  the  thin  metallic  strap 
with  their  extremities  rigidly  attached  together,  in  the  manner  and  for 
the  purpose  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,475. — Harmon  W.  Ballard. — Improved  Arrangement  of  the 

Springs  on  Wagons. — Patented  March  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  175.) 

This  invention  consists  in  such  an  arrangement  of  the  springs  (see 
engraving)  that  they  may  be  affixed  to  any  common  box  wagon  with¬ 
out.  altering  it  in  any  way,  and  at  trifling  cost,  to  make  it  an  easy  riding 
wagon  ;  whilst  from  the  position  of  the  springs  they  admit  of  the  body 
coming  down  to  its  bearings  on  the  rocker  or  bolster  and  axletree, 
(see  dotted  lines  in  fig.  1,)  when  under  heavy  burden,  without  injuring 
the  springs. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  a  spring  wagon  having  solid  bear¬ 
ings  to  take  the  weight  of  the  load  when  it  becomes  too  heavy  for  the 
spring  to  bear,  as  this  has  been  accomplished  before  in  other  ways. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  springs,  as  described,  on  either 
or  both  sides  of  the  rocker,  bolster,  or  axle-tree  of  a  wagon,  cart,  or 
other  vehicle,  as  and  for  the  purposes  specified. 


No.  12,764. — Thomas  Murgatroyd,  Jr. — Improvement  in  Carriage 
Springs. — Patented  April  24,  1855  ;  patented  in  Canada  July  21, 
1854.  (Plates,  j).  175.) 

Figures  1  and  2  are  front  views,  showing  different  positions  of  the 
springs ;  figure  3  is  a  longitudinal  vertical  section,  and  figure  4  an  in¬ 
verted  plan. 

Claim. — The  employment  or  use  of  the  springs  A  A1  attached  to  the 
arms  a  of  the  axles  B  B  by  links  b  d,  the  links  b  being  above  and  the 
links  d  below  the  arms  of  the  axle,  the  two  springs  A  A1  being  con¬ 
nected  by  stays  or  rods  C  ;  the  springs  being  also  braced  to  prevent 
a  forward  and  backward  motion  of  the  same,  and  the  axles  B  being 
supported  or  braced  by  the  rod  or  brace  D,  as  herein  shown  and  de¬ 
scribed.  (See  illustration.) 


No.  12,849. — John  W.  Adams. — Improvement  in  Circular  Metallic 
Plate  Springs. — Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  175.) 

The  spring-plates  D  give  the  required  elasticity,  and  the  concave 
plates  C  prevent  the  spring-plates  from  yielding  beyond  a  certain  dis¬ 
tance,  so  that  their  elasticity  cannot  be  impaired  by  over-pressure. 


X. - LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


697 


The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  conical  steel  plate  springs,  with 
radiating  sections  cut  out,  have  been  previously  used  for  buffer  springs, 
and  I  therefore  do  not  claim  these ;  but  I  do  claim  the  combination  and 
arrangement  of  one  or  more  flat  circular  steel  plates  D,  held  in  place 
by  a  central  pin  B,  and  allowed  to  spring  a  limited  sp  ice  between 
solid  convex  and  concave  metallic  plates  B1  and  C,  in  the  manner  and 
for  the  purpose  herein  described. 


No.  12,890. — M.  Gr.  Hubbard. — Improvement  in  Springs  for  Car¬ 
riages. — Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  115.) 

The  purpose  of  this  improvement  is  to  dispense  with  the  rocker  or 
centre  support  on  the  bottom  of  the  carriage  body,  which  has  hereto¬ 
fore  been  required  as  a  fulcrum.  The  connexion  of  the  springs  a  b,  ab 
by  the  two  clips  and  bolt  d  gives  the  required  elasticit}T,  and  prevents 
the  great  strain  upon  the  carriage  bottom  at  the  centre  when  used  as  a 
fulcrum  for  the  springs. 

Claim.' — Forming  the  fulcrum  of  the  springs  as  above  described  by 
connecting  them  by  a  clip  and  bolt  at  their  crossing  point,  as  herein 
specified. 


No.  12,910. — M.  Q.  Hubbard. — Improvement  in  Carriage  Springs . — 
Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  115.) 

a  a  are  bars,  to  the  ends  of  wThich  are  attached  arms  b  and  J,  arms 
b  inclining  outward  and  arms  d  inclining  inward.  The  arms  b  are 
jointed  to  the  hind  axle  c,  and  the  arms  d  to  the  bolster  e  over  the  front 
axle  of  the  carriage.  The  body  of  the  carriage  rests  on  the  rods  a. 

Claim. — The  employment  of  a  bar  extending  under  the  carriage, 
substantially  as  herein  described,  which  by  its  torsion  acts  as  a  spring, 
in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,248. — James  F.  Heyward,  assignor  to  “  The  Delaware  Air- 
Spring  Manufacturing  Company/’ — Improvement  in  Pneumatic 
Springs. — Patented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  115.) 

The  space  between  the  dotted  line  and  the  India  rubber  diaphragm 
L  (which  latter  is  supported  by  a  diaphragm  G  of  leather  or  other 
flexible  inextensible  material)  contains  the  fluid  which  moves  upwards, 
compressing  the  air  in  the  top  of  the  air-chamber  A  whenever  the 
flexible  bottom  is  exposed  to  pressure. 

Claim. — The  method  of  rendering  available  the  elasticity  of  aeriform 
bodies,  in  the  construction  of  springs,  bumpers,  &c.,  by  employing  a 
fluid  piston  to  effect  their  compression,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,552.— John  J.  Speed,  Jr.,  and  Jno.  A.  Bailey.— Improvement 
in  Conical  Plate  Railroad-Car  Springs—  Patented  September  11, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  115.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  will  be  understood  from  the  claim  and 
engravings. 


' 


698 


X. - LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


We  do  not  claim  merely  arranging  springs,  as  such  has  before  been 
done. 

But  we  claim ,  in  metal  conical  or  dish-shaped  disk  car-springs, 
arranged  in  sets  or  pairs,  one  above  the  other,  as  described,  preventing 
the  splitting  of  the  edges  of  the  disks  by  expansion,  and  effecting  free, 
unbroken  compensation  or  lateral  play,  for  the  radial  elongation  of 
the  fibres  when  the  spring  is  exposed  to  sudden  or  heavy  compression, 
and  insuring  equality  of  elasticity  all  around,  by  making  the  disks  with 
radial  corrugations,  and  arranging  them  for  operation  together,  substan¬ 
tially  as  specified. 


No.  13,905. — P.  G.  Gardiner.  —  Improvement  in  Railroad-Cm 

Springs. — Patented  December  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  17o.) 

When  the  spring-plate  a  is  allowed  to  elevate  the  cap  c,  it  assumes 
an  oval  shape;  and  when  the  cap  is  forced  down  so  far  as  to  be 
brought  in  contact  with  the  base,  the  spring-plate  is  brought  into  a  cir¬ 
cular  form. 

Claim , — My  improved  car-spring,  composed  of  a  coiled  plate-spring, 
combined  with  a  segmental  base  b  and  a  movable  segmental  cap  c, 
substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,775. — Hiram  Abbott. — Improvement  in  Upsetting  Tire ,  &c. — 

Patented  November  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  176.) 

The  jaws  D  D,  when  brought  to  a  proper  distance  from  each  other, 
form  a  slot  into  which  the  heated  portion  of  the  bar  to  be  upset  is 
placed,  and  which  slot  is  intended  to  guide  the  bar  and  prevent  its 
bending  while  subjected  to  pressure  in  the  direction  of  its  length. 

The  jaws  B  are  then  forced  out  by  turning  down  the  eccentric  levers 
C,  which  secures  the  bar  firmly  and  prevents  it  from  slipping  in  the 
jaws.  The  hand-lever  G  is  moved  forward,  which,  by  means  ol  cord 
6*,  moves  also  the  outer  end  of  lever  F  F  towards  the  centre  of  the  ma¬ 
chine,  causing  the  pair  of  jaws  B  B  connected  to  said  lever  F  F  to 
approach  the  other  jaws  B  on  the  other  side  of  the  machine;  and  the 
bar  being  firmly  secured  in  each  pair  of  the  adjustable  jaws  B,  and 
being  controlled  by  the  slot  in  the  middle,  the  heated  and  flexible  por¬ 
tion  of  the  iron  within  the  slot  will  be  pressed  together  in  the  direction 
of  its  length  and  upset,  and  the  length  thereof  reduced. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  to  have  discovered  any  new 
method  of  constructing  levers  or  adjustable  jaws,  or  eccentric  or  spiral 
springs  or  slots. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  parts  of  my  machine,  to  wit : 
the  bed-plate  A,  the  adjustable  jaws  B  B,  (operated  upon  by  the  ec¬ 
centric  levers  C  C  and  spiral  springs,)  the  eccentric  levers  C  C,  the 
elongated  jaws  D  D,  (which  form  the  slot  as  described  by  being  in¬ 
serted  or  diminished  in  width  through  the  agency  of  the  eccentric  lever 
E  and  the  spiral  spring,)  the  levers  F  and  G,  and  the  eccentric  lever 
E,  all  as  described. 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


699 


No.  13,405. — William  J.  Temple. — Improved  Self-Adjusting  Tongue- 

Iron. — Patented  August  1,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  116.) 

By  pressing  down  the  back  end  of  lever  M  it  will  raise  the  piece  B 
close  up,  and  when  released  the  weight  of  B  will  cause  it  to  fall.  The 
ring  S  to  be  attached  to  the  yoke  is  made  just  large  enough  to  slide 
over  B  when  it  is  drawn  close  up ;  so  that  to  attach  the  yoke  it  is  only 
necessary  to  guide  the  end  of  the  tongue  into  the  ring  and  back  the 
animals  until  the  ring  S  slides  over  B,  when  it  fells,  holding  it  secure. 

The  inventor  says:  It  may  be  found  best  in  some  cases  to  leave  off 
the  nut  on  B,  and  connect  the  lever  M  directly  to  it,  by  making  a  hole 
or  holes  in  its  end  or  near  it ;  and  the  form  and  arrangements  ol  the  other 
parts  be  varied  by  the  circumstances  of  the  particular  cases. 

Therefore  I  do  not  claim  the  particular  form  or  arrangement,  but  I 
claim  making  the  part  B  movable  and  self-adjusting,  in  connection  with 
the  lever,  or  any  similar  means,  to  raise  it,  in  the  manner  and  for  the 
purposes  set  forth. 


No.  12,251. — Parley  Hutchins. — Improved  Hand-Truck. — Patented 

January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  116.) 

The  elevator  consists  of  a  strong  frame  composed  of  side-pieces  C  C 
and  cross-pieces  C1  C1,  and  having  attached  to  its  front  the  iron  front- 
piece  C2.  This  frame  rests  on  the  top  of  the  side-pieces  A  A,  and  is 
furnished  with  tongues  on  its  sides  to  fit  into  grooves  a  a  in  the  said  side- 
pieces  A  A;  so  that  it  is  confined  to  the  main  portion  of  the  truck,  but 
free  to  be  slid  up  and  down,  either  by  hand  or  by  means  ol  windlass 
G. 

Claim. — The  elevator,  constructed  and  combined  with  a  hand-truck, 
substantially  as  described,  whether  operated  by  a  windlass  or  any  other 
device  commonly  employed  for  raising  weights. 


No.  12,358. — John  Cochrane. — Improvement  in  Locomotive  Trucks. — 

Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  116.) 

Two  small  brace-cylinders  F  are  placed  one  immediately  beneath 
each  of  the  two  steam-cylinders  G  on  each  side  of  the  locomotive. 
The  piston-rods  a  of  the  cylinders  F  connect  with  the  truck- frame  B  B 
by  means  of  connecting-rods  c.  The  piston  of  each  of  the  cylinders 
F  divides  its  cylinder  into  two  parts,  which  parts  are  connected  re¬ 
versely  with  the  front  and  back  ends  of  the  steam-cylinders  G,  which 
operate  the  truck  driving-wheels,  by  means  of  the  two  pipes  m  n. 
From  this  disposition  and  combination  of  the  steam-cylinder  G  and 
brace-chamber  F,  the  steam  will  act  in  opposite  directions  on  their 
respective  pistons,  and  thus  neutralize  any  vibratory  tendency  of  the 
truck  from  the  action  of  the  truck-cylinders. 

Claim. — The  method  of  neutralizing  or  preventing  the  vibratory  ten¬ 
dency  of  the  trucks  of  locomotive  engines,  caused  by  the  direct  action 
of  the  forces  which  operate  the  truck  driving-wheels,  by  means  of  the 
steam  or  hydraulic  brace,  substantially  as  described. 


700 


X. - LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


N o.  13,323. — Joseph  Thornton  Bussell. — Improvement  in  Wagons. — 

Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  176.) 

B  is  part  of  the  bolster ;  R  R  the  standard  receiver,  made  of  iron  ; 
and  S  the  standard.  These  standards  can  be  taken  out  or  changed  if 
desired.  When  the  standards  are  taken  out,  the  upper  part  of  the 
standard  receivers  will  serve  to  keep  the  wagon-bed  in  place. 

Claim. — The  construction  of  the  standard  receiver  described,  and 
the  application  thereof  to  wagon-bolsters. 


No.  13,503. — James  Parsons. — Improvement  in  Wagons. — Patented 

August  28,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  176.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  will  be  understood  from  the  claims 
and  engravings. 

Claim.— 1st.  The  arrangement  of  the  side-pieces  or  ways  A  A,  resting 
upon  the  elevating-blocks  n  n ,  near  the  outer  end  of  the  bolster  C, 
thereby  gaining  a  greater  width  between  them  than  is  attained  in  other 
wagons  constructed  for  similar  purposes,  thus  giving  space  for  loading 
if  raised  on  a  plank  or  platform,  to  raise  partly  above  and  between 
them,  if  necessary  to  clear  the  ground  in  hauling  ;  also,  the  manner  of 
their  connexion  between  the  forward  and  hind  wheels,  by  passing  or 
sliding  through  the  brace-bands  e  e  of  the  mortises  or  slots  o  o  of  the 
arch. 

2d.  I  claim,  in  the  structure  of  cast  arch,  the  open  mortises  or  slots,  and 
their  uses,  that  when  the  arch  F  F  and  wrought  axletree  are  combined 
as  represented  in  figure  2,  when  supported  by  the  hind  wheels,  the 
mortises  or  slots  o  o  will  be  brought  nearly  or  quite  in  a  horizontal  po¬ 
sition,  for  the  reception  of  the  side-pieces  or  ways,  as  described,  thus 
serving  the  purposes  of  coupling  the  wagon  long  or  short,  to  suit  cir¬ 
cumstances. 

3d.  I  also  claim  the  peculiar  adaptation  of  the  oblong  band  e  e  of  the 
braces  H  H,  through  which  the  side-pieces  or  ways  slide,  and  the  hind  ele¬ 
vating-blocks  pass ;  and  the  blocks  being  held  in  their  proper  position  by 
the  bands  e  e  dropping  into  the  notches  f f  of  elevating-blocks  D  D,  thus 
giving  them  the  sliding-motion  upon  the  side-pieces  or  ways  ;  and  the 
side-pieces  or  ways  are  permitted  to  slide  freely  through  them  and  un¬ 
der  the  blocks  ;  and  from  thence  they  form  a  connexion  with  the  cast 
arch  and  wrought  axletree,  by  a  stirrup  firmly  binding  them  together. 

4th.  I  also  claim  the  manner  of  so  arranging  the  hind  elevating-blocks 
D  D  as  to  give  them  the  sliding  principle  as  described,  and  the  ears 
s  s  on  opposite  sides;  thus  rendering  them  adjustable  in  coupling  the 
wagon  long  or  short,  by  means  of  the  steady  or  toggle  pins  i  i  i  i  ;  and, 
again,  by  their  holding  in  connexion  with  the  braces  the  arch  in  a  per¬ 
pendicular  position,  by  the  upper  part  of  the  casting,  or  mortises  or  slots 
o  o,  being  notched  into  the  elevating- blocks  as  at  c  c,  as  described  and 
shown. 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE.  701 

No.  13,872. — Joseph  Francis. — Improvement  in  Military  Wagons. — 

Patented  December  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  177.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claims 
and  engravings. 

The  inventor  says :  I  wish  to  be  understood  as  not  claiming  the 
transportation  of  boats,  or  segments  thereof,  in  cradles  on  roads  or  rail¬ 
roads,  as  that  has  before  been  done. 

I  claim ,  1st.  Constructing  the  bodies  of  road-wagons,  and  like 
vehicles,  of  corrugated  plate-metal,  supported  by  a  bottom  frame  per¬ 
manently  attached  thereto,  so  as  to  serve  to  support  the  iron  body  at  all 
times,  and  be  used  as  a  sled  upon  which  to  drag  the  superstructure, 
when  taken  off  its  wheels,  as  set  forth,  and  made  water-tight  for  trans¬ 
portation,  as  specified. 

I  also  claim  the  mode  of  attaching  and  detaching  the  running-gear, 
so  as  not  to  pass  any  bolts  which  are  liable  to  wear  and  cause  a  leak 
through  any  part  of  a  water-tight  body,  but  simply  to  connect  the 
same  with  the  frame,  as  shown  at  figure  3,  by  the  outside  connexions 
and  braces,  so  as  to  securely  brace  the  iron  body  in  proper  form,  and 
be  permanently  united  therewith. 


No.  12,317.— Washburn  Pace  and  Birdsill  Holly  —Improvement  in 

Carriage- Wheels. — Patented  January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  177.) 

a  are  the  mortises  for  the  tenons  of  the  spokes  h  ;  they  terminate  in 
an  annular  cavity  c  between  the  inner  ends  of  the  mortises  and  the  box 
d  of  the  hub.  The  tenons  of  the  spokes  are  compressed  in  a  proper 
press  and  immediately  inserted  into  the  mortises,  where  they  soon  ex¬ 
pand  so  as  to  form  a  kind  of  head  between  the  mortise  and  hub,  so  that 

the  tenon  will  never  become  loose. 

The  inventors  say :  We  do  not  claim  a  hollow  cast-iron  or  metal 
hub  ;  but  we  claim  the  compressed  tenon  in  combination  with  the  an¬ 
nular  cavity,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,572. — George  A.  Prentiss. — Improvement  in  the  Arrangement 
of  Wheels,  Axles,  and  Friction- Rollers —V atented  March  21,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  177.) 

A  is  an  ordinary  wheel  with  a  cylindrical  recess  B  ;  C  the  friction- 
rollers  arranged  on  rings  D  around  the  bearers  B  attached  to  the  load- 
axle  F  ;  G  the  securing- axle  passing  through  the  load-ax ie.  The 
securing-axle  ties  the  two  wheels  together  and  preserves  their  parallel¬ 
ism,  so^that  both  wheels  remain  perpendicular  to  the  load-axle,  thereby 

preventing  the  evils  arising  from  wabbling. 

Claim.— The  combination,  substantially  in  the  manner  described,  ol 
the  following  elements,  viz  :  a  load-axle  with  a  bearer  secured  thereto, 
a  securing-axle  concentric  therewith  or  nearly  so,  and  a  ring  or  seiies 
of  friction-rollers,  the  whole  being  applied  to  a,  pair  of  wheels,  substan¬ 
tially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  specified. 


702 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


No.  12,897. — D.  W.  Clark  and  S.  H.  Gray. — Improvement  in  Car - 
riage- Wheels. — Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  177.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  is  apparent  from  the  figures. 

Claim. — Constructing  the  wheel  as  herein  shown  and  described,  viz  : 
having  the  felloes  C  constructed  of  malleable  cast-iron  in  the  form 
herein  shown,  and  having  the  spokes  JB  fitted  in  mortises  in  the  hub  A 
and  in  sockets  a  on  the  inner  surfaces  of  the  felloes.  The  spokes  B 
having  sockets  d  secured  on  them  at  about  their  centres,  in  which  the 
inner  ends  of  short  oblique  spokes  e  are  fitted ;  the  outer  ends  of  said 
spokes  e  being  fitted  within  oblique  sockets  a  on  the  inner  surfaces  of 
the  felloes,  as  herein  shown  and  described. 


No.  13,012.- — Sylvanus  Perkins.—  Improvement  in  Wagon-Wheels . — 
Patented  June  5,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  177.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  consists  in  making  wagon-wheels  by 
combining  a  male  and  female  hub,  each  armed  with  spokes,  the  female 
hub  being  movable ;  the  spokes  in  the  female  hub  to  arch  or  disk 
towards  the  point  of  the  male  hub,  and  the  spokes  of  the  male  hub  to 
arch  towards  its  longer  end  ;  also,  in  arranging  the  rim  with  a  rib,  which 
serves  as  a  stay  for  the  arches  formed  by  the  two  sets  of  spokes ;  also, 
in  arranging  a  nut  on  the  point  of  the  male  hub,  to  be  used  in 
bracing  or  to  flatten  the  arches  formed  by  the  spokes,  and  also  in  ar¬ 
ranging  a  nut  on  the  point  of  the  pipe-box  for  the  purpose  of  fastening 
the  box  in  the  male  hub. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  male  and  female  hub,  or  the 
rib  on  the  inside  of  the  tire  ;  neither  do  I  claim  the  hollow  spoke,  or  the 
nut  on  the  end  of  the  male  hub,  as  being  new  in  themselves. 

But  I  claim  the  combination  and  arrangement  of  the  female  hubs  F 
and  I,  the  spokes  C,  the  rib  B,  the  tire  A,  the  box  H,  and  the  nuts  E 
and  D,  operated  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,585. — Jno.  M.  Sigourney. — Improvement  in  Cooling  Cast-Iron 

Car-Wheels. — Patented  September  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  177.) 

A  sheet-iron  ring  F  of  the  same  width  as  the  chilled  portion  of  the 
wheel  is  placed  concentrically  round  the  wheel  to  retain  in  position  the 
hot  sand,  which  is  then  drawn  from  the  surface  of  the  casting  into  the 
annular  space  between  the  ring  F  and  the  tread  of  the  wheel. 

I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  mould,  chill,  and  ring  F,  operated  in 
the  manner  set  forth,  for  equalizing  the  cooling  of  the  car -wheel. 


No.  12,911. — Isaac  Krebs. — Improvement  in  Whiffle-trees . — Patented 
May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  178.) 

Fig.  2  shows  the  whiffle-tree,  and  the  position  of  the  rods  or  bolts  b 
and  lever  C,  when  the  tracing  or  tugs  are  attached.  The  operation  of 
the  parts  will  be  easily  understood  from  the  figures. 


X. - LAND  CONVEYANCE. 


703 


The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  wish  to  be  understood  as  setting  up  any 
claim  to  the  construction  of  the  usual  form  of  a  whiffle-tree,  nor  of  any 
of  the  devices  used  separate  and  apart  from  each  other,  being  well  aware 
that  many  devices  forming  a  whiffle-tree  for  the  disengaging  of  animals 
from  vehicles  have  been  made  and  used  in  many  forms,  with  sliding 
belts,  and  spiral  or  helical  springs,  in  combination  with  separate  and  dis¬ 
tinct  levers  operated  by  connecting  links  or  cords,  but  none  of  these  de¬ 
vices  or  their  combinations,  as  set  forth,  do  I  claim.  But  to  distinguish  my 
said  improvements  from  such  as  are  in  general  use,  I  herewith  specifi¬ 
cally  set  forth  the  particular  new  features  of  my  improvements,  and  do 
claim  the  construction  of  a  whiffle-tree  with  the  continuous  sliding  bolts 
or  trace- fastening  rods  b  b  b  b,  communicating  directly  with,  and  at¬ 
tached  to,  one  single  and  the  same  lever ,  together  with  the  staple  d,  one 
single  flexible  spring  e  e,  clevisrdips  f  f  in  combination ,  and  through  all  of 
which  are  actuated  and  retained  in  position,  simultaneously  at  one  and 
the  same  time,  the  continuous  sliding  bolts  b  b ,  substantially  in  the  man¬ 
ner  shown  in  figures  1  and  2,  and  as  described,  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,976. — Harvey  Webster  and  Alonzo  Webster. — Improvement  in 

Whiffle  trees. — Patented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  178.) 

The  engravings  represent  a  section  through,  and  views  of  two  posi¬ 
tions  of  the  parts  attached  to  each  end  of  a  whiffle-tree.  A  is  one  end 
of  the  whiffle-tree  ;  B  is  a  trace  ;  and  g  is  a  line,  by  pulling  which  the 
latch  /  throws  the  clamp  b  out,  and  at  the  same  time  the  projection  d » 
throws  the  trace  off  the  pin  a. 

The  inventors  say :  We  do  not  claim  combining  with  a  whiffle-tree 
a  means  of  suddenly  disengaging  the  traces  therefrom  while  ahorse  con¬ 
nected  to  it  is  running. 

Nor  do  we  claim  combining  with  the  whiffle-tree  a  means  of  dis¬ 
connecting  it  from  the  carriage  under  like  circumstances. 

But  we  claim  the  arrangement  and  combination  of  the  movable  spring- 
clamp  b ,  its  cast-off*  d,  its  spring-latch  /,  and  the  stationary  pin  a,  or 
holder,  the  whole  being  applied  to  each  end  of  the  whiffle-tree,  and 
made  to  operate  substantially  in  manner  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  13,297. — Archibald  Bailey  and  Daniel  L.  Allard. — Improved 

Whiffle-tree. — Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  178.) 

If  it  becomes  desirable  to  detach  the  horses,  the  cord  6-  is  drawn, 
which  will  moNe  the  levers  c  and  b  around  their  fulcra  4  and  6,  whereby 
the  projections  at  the  ends  of  levers  b  will  be  drawn  out  of  their  notches 
in  the  cam-hooks  a ,  and  the  cam-hooks  will  be  allowed  to  turn  on  their 
centre  pivots,  and  the  cockeyes  to  pass  out  of  their  catches. 

The  inventors  say :  We  are  aware  that  hooks  or  catches  have  been 
placed  in  the  ends  of  the  levers  themselves,  but  such  an  arrangement 
we  do  not  claim. 

But  we  claim ,  in  combination  with  the  compound  levers  b  c,  arranged 
and  operated  as  herein  described,  the  pivoted  cam-shaped  catches  or 


704 


X. — LAND  CONVEYANCE. 

hooks  a  a ,  for  holding  or  instantly  releasing  the  cockeyes  of  the  traces; 
by  which  arrangement  we  secure  the  parts  against  imperfect  action, 
and  are  enabled  to  imbed  all  the  parts  within  the  single-tree,  as  de¬ 
scribed. 


No.  13,418. — Oramel  C.  Barnes  and  0.  J.  Barnes. — Improvement  in 

Whiffle-trees. — Patented  August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  178.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  consists  in  providing  a  whiffle-tree  with 
a  turning-hook  and  slide-catch,  with  an  angle-shaped  piece  of  iron  to 
be  driven  into  the  end,  forming  a  wedge  to  tighten  the  band,  and  also 
to  form  a  groove  for  the  catch  to  slide  in  of  solid  iron,  and  forming  a 
bearing  in  which  the  hook  may  turn. 

The  inventors  say:  We  do  not  claim  the  turning-hook,  nor  the  slid¬ 
ing  catch,  but  we  claim  the  application  of  the  angle-shaped  iron  forming 
the  solid  groove,  together  with  the  wedge  and  bearing  for  the  hook. 


No.  13,712. — George  H.  Yard. — Improvement  in  Whiffle-trees. — 

Patented  October  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  178.) 

The  plate  I  can  be  slid  back  and  forth  on  plate  H,  the  two  plates 
being  dovetailed,  and  plate  H  being  fastened  to  the  end  of  the  whiffle- 
tree  O.  When  it  is  to  be  slid  back  so  as  to  make  room  for  unhitching 
the  trace,  the  pin  L  has  to  be  lifted  ;  and  when  the  plate  I  is  run  out  so 
that  its  point  enters  the  hook  G,  the  pin  L  drops  into  the  hole  in  plate 
H,  so  as  to  prevent  the  plate  I  from  accidentally  sliding  back. 

Claim  — The  traversing  slide  I,  provided  with  a  point  fitted  to  the 
hole  in  the  hook  G,  in  combination  with  a  sliding  pin  L,  to  fasten  it, 
when  the  end  ol  the  slide  is  put  into  the  hook,  to  fasten  the  end  of  the 
trace  on  to  the  hook,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,714.— -George  C.  Barney. — Improvement* in  Whiffle-trees. — 

Patented  November  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  178.) 

This  whiffle-tree  is  made  in  two  parts  a  b,  hinged  together  at  D,  so 
that  the. two  parts  a  b  will  be  kept  in  a  straight  line  by  the  forward 
draught  of  the  horse.  The  hinged  part  of  the  whiffle-tree  is  placed  be¬ 
tween  the  upper  and  lower  plates  e  e  of  a  stirrup  B,  projecting  from  the 
back  or  cross-bar  C  of  the  thills. 

Pfovided  the  breeching  of  the  harness  is  applied  to  hold-backs,  so 
made  as  to  enable  it  to  tree  itself  therefrom  by  forward  draught  on  it,  the 
discharge  of  the  horse  from  the  thills  furnished  with  this  whiffle-tree 
will  be  achieved  by  pulling  the  hinge-pin  D  upwards  and  out  of  the 
holes  of  hinge  D,  and  the  two  parts  of  the  whiffle-tree  will  be  set  free 
from  one  another  and  the  thills  ;  this  whiffle-tree,  when  discharged 
from  ihe  cross-bar,  will  not  hang  on  or  injure  the  hind  legs  of  the  horse, 
as  it  would  were  it  made  in  one  piece. 

Claim.  Making  the  whiffle-tree  in  two  parts,  in  the  manner  essen¬ 
tially  as  described,  and  connecting  them  together  and  to  the  cross-bar 


XL — HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS.  705 

of  the  shafts,  by  devices  or  means  substantially  as  specified,  whereby 
results  as  explained  may  be  attained. 


XI.— HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


No.  12,165.' — Philip  W.  Mackenzie.— Machine  for  Blowing  Blasts , 

etc. — Patented  January  2;  1855.  (Plates,  p.  179.) 

The  drum  D  is  arranged  on  an  axis  C,  so  that  it  can  be  revolved 
thereon.  The  drum  has  three  longitudinal  slots  F  through  its  periph¬ 
ery,  for  the  arms  G  of  the  blower,  which  is  on  an  independent  axis  H, 
eccentric  to  the  axis  C  of  the  drum  and  inside  of  it ;  so  that  as  the  drum 
is  revolved,  the  arms  of  the  blower  are  projected  through  said  slots, 
beyond  the  periphery  of  the  drum,  at  one  side  to  fill  the  case  B  sur¬ 
rounding  it,  and  at  the  frontside  are  drawn  within  the  periphery  of  the 
drum,  to  prevent  any  drawback  or  back-stroke  of  the  blower  upon  the 
discharging  blast.  In  order  to  pack  the  arms,  which  are  constantly 
changing  the  angle  of  their  bearings  on  the  sides  of  the  slot  as  the  drum 
rotates,  the  said  arms  are  passed  through  slotted  cylindrical  pieces  M, 
which  are  supported  in  boxes  N,  on  the  inner  side  of  the  periphery  of 
the  drum. 

Claim . — The  use  of  the  drum  and  blower  having  centres  eccentric  to 
each  other,  the  said  blower  being  internal  of  the  drum  and  propelled 
"  by  it,  substantially  in  mode  of  construction  and  for  the  purposes  here¬ 
inbefore  set  forth. 

Also,  as  a  part  of  this  invention,  the  cylindrical  adjustable  packing 
for  the  arms  of  the  blower,  in  combination  with  the  drum  and  blower- 
arms,  substantially  in  mode  of  construction  and  operation  and  for  the 
purposes  hereinbefore  set  forth. 


No.  13,743. — Thomas  W.  Bakewell. — Method  of  Heating  Air  for 

Blast-Furnaces. — Patented  November  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  179.) 

The  air  (previous  to  its  admission  to  the  furnace)  is  driven  into  ves¬ 
sel  V  by  fan  F  ;  the  exhaust  steam  enters  the  same  vessel  through 
pipe  S,  the  quantity  of  steam  being  regulated  by  valve  v .  The  heated 
air  passes  to  the  furnace  at  P.  The  water  of  condensation  drains  off 
to  the  force-pump  at  W. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  introduction  to  furnaces  of 
heated  air  or  steam  by  itself,  either  separately  or  combined. 

But  I  claim  the  heating  of  air  to  supply  furnaces  by  bringing  the  es¬ 
cape  steam  of  an  engine  into  direct  and  intimate  contact  therewith  in 
a  suitable  vessel,  separate  from  the  furnace  and  previously  to  its  ad¬ 
mission  thereto,  substantially  in  the  manner  set  forth. 

45 


706 


XI. — HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


No.  12,195. — David  N.  B.  Coffin,  Jr. — Stop-Cock . — Patented  Janu¬ 
ary  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  179.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  is  plainly  shown  in  the  engravings. 
c  represents  the  elastic  valve.  The  dotted  lines  represent  the  valve 
a  open. 

Claim . — The  arrangement  of  a  rocking-lever,  substantially  as  herein 
described,  so  that  if  turned  either  way  by  the  hand,  it  will  open  the 
valve,  and  be  in  such  a  position  that  when  the  hand  is  removed,  the 
valve  will  be  free  to  close  by  the  pressure  of  the  spring. 

Also,  the  arrangement  of  the  elastic  packing,  substantially  as  herein 
described,  so  that  it  will  perform  the  two  duties  of  packing  the  valve- 
stem  and  constantly  pressing  the  valve  towards  its  seat. 


No.  13,457. — Henry  Eling. — Improved  Basin  Stop-Cock. — Patented 
August  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  179.) 

This  improvement  relates  to  the  basin  cock,  employing  a  rising  and 
falling  screw-valve,  and  is  designed  to  render  it  capable  of  having  its 
valve  adju  sted  in  case  it  should  open  too  soon  or  not  sufficiently  wide 
when  the  stem  of  the  cock  is  brought  to  a  proper  position  over  the 
basin.  By  simply  loosening  the  nut  it  may  be  turned  to  the  right  or 
left,  and  the  valve  adjusted  to  the  extent  desirable. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  closing  a  cock  by  means  of  a 
spring,  when  said  cock  is  not  provided  with  a  screw-valve. 

But  I  claim  making  the  cap  C  independent  of  the  nut  D,  so  that  by 
simply  loosening  the  nut  the  cap  may  be  turned  and  the  valve 
adjusted. 

No.  12,284. — Albert  W.  PiOberts. — Improvement  in  Fire-Engines 

Patented  January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  179.) 

The  four  valves  F  F  G  G  are  placed  on  the  centre  at  the  meeting 
of  the  two  chambers,  upon  angular  inclined  valve-beds  and  openings 
S  R.  Two  of  the  valves  are  for  injection  and  two  for  ejection, 
operating  alternately  with  the  rise  and  fall  of  the  upper  and  lower 
plungers  D  D.  When  the  plungers  rise,  the  upper  plunger  D  acts  as  a 
suction,  causing  the  upper  valve  F  of  inlet  opening  I  to  open  for  the 
admission  of  water  to  the  upper  chamber,  preparatory  to  being  forced 
through  opposite  valve  opening  G ;  the  opposite  valve  G  being  closed 
at  the  same  time  by  the  action  of  the  plunger  rising.  At  the  same  time 
the  action  of  the  rising  of  the  lower  plunger  closes  the  lower  valve  G 
of  the  inlet  opening  I,  and  opens  the  ejecting  valve  F  of  the  outlet 
opening  J,  and  forces  the  water  through  the  same.  When  the  plungers 
descend,  the  lower  plunger  acts  as  a  suction  to  the  lower  valve  G  of 
the  inlet  opening  I,  which  opens  to  admit  the  water  into  the  lower 
chamber  preparatory  to  ejection  by  lower  opposite  valve  opening  F 
through  outlet  J ;  the  opposite  valve  F  being  closed  at  the  same  lime  by 
the  simultaneous  action  of  the  plunger  descending.  At  the  same  time 
the  descending  of  the  upper  plunger  closes  the  upper  valve  F  of  the 
inlet  opening  1,  and  opens  the  ejecting  valve  G  of  the  outlet  opening  J, 


XI. — HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


707 


and  forces  the  water  through  the  same.  Thus  the  alternate  rising  and 
falling  of  the  two  plungers  keep  up  a  continual  injection  through  1,  and 
a  continual  ejection  through  J.  By  the  arrangement  of  the  main  brake 
K  and  counterbrakes  L  L,  the  'power  of  the  purchase  is  confined  to  the 
centre  of  the  engine,  and  the  brake-arms  require  a  shorter  vibration. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  brakes  and  levers;  neither  do 
I  claim  the  valves  or  cylinders. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  valves  of  pumps  for  fire-engines 
and  other  purposes,  in  the  manner  substantially  as  described.  Also, 
the  arrangement  of  the  compound  brake  and  levers,  substantia  !y  as 
set  forth  and  described. 


N o.  12,441. — Amos  Nudd. — Fire-Engine . — Patented  February  27, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  179.) 

This  invention  consists  in  connecting  the  brake-lever  C  with  a  re¬ 
volving  shaft  by  means  of  a  connecting-rod  e  and  crank  g,  the  motion 
of  the  shaft  being  steadied  by  a  fly-wheel  K. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  the  application  of  a  fly-wheel  to 
a  fire-engine,  or  to  any  other  machinery;  but  I  claim  the  method  de¬ 
scribed  of  easing  the  motion  of  the  brake-lever,  by  the  attachment  of  a 
crank,  in  the  manner  set  forth. 


No.  12,686. — William  Loughridge. — Stationary  Hydro- Pneumatic 

Engine  for  Extinguishng  Fires. — Patented  AprillO,  1855.  (Plates, 

p.  180.) 

Pipes  A  and  B  are  laid  all  over  the  district  which  is  to  be  supplied 
with  water.  Supply-pipe  A,  being  larger  than  force-pipe  B,  receives 
the  water  from  the  reservoir,  and  pipe  B  receives  it  from  the  pipe  A, 
through  pipes  C,  which  are  arranged  at  proper  intervals  to  allow  free 
circulation  between  both  pipes.  Valves  D  are  opened  by  the  pressure 
in  pipe  A,  and  are  closed  when  the  pressure  in  pipe  B  becomes  greater. 
At  convenient  distances  there  are  plugs  I,  to  which  the  hose  can  be 
attached.  F  is  the  crank- shaft  of  the  pump,  connecting  with  the  engine. 
From  pulley  G,  on  shaft  F,  is  suspended  a  weight  H  sufficient  to  work 
the  pump  after  the  breaking  out  of  a  fire  until  steam  can  be  raised  to 
drive  the  pump  by  the  engine.  The  wheel  J  on  shaft  F  is  held  by  a 
brake-lever  K,  to  restrain  the  action  of  the  weight,  till  an  alarm  of  fire 
is  given.  This  alarm  is  given  by  opening  one  of  the  cocks  c,  which 
are  placed  at  convenient  distances  and  form  the  connection  between 
pipe  B  and  the  signal  pipe  S.  The  water,  entering  pipe  S,  rises  in  pipe 
O  and  tank  N,  Gnd  raises  float  M  until  it  lifts  the  brake-lever,  thereby 
setting  free  the  weight  H  and  putting  the  pumps  in  motion.  This 
gives  the  necessary  alarm. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  employment,  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  water 
for  fires  and  ordinary  uses  at  the  same  time,  of  the  supply  and  force 
pipes  A  B,  connected  by  connecting- pipes  C,  fitted  with  valves  I)  ;  said 
supply-pipe  being  connected  with  the  suction  a ,  and  said  force-pipe 
with  the  discharge  b  of  a  force-pump,  and  the  whole  operating  sub¬ 
stantially  as  set  forth. 


708 


XI. — HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


2d.  Though  I  do  not  claim  the  employment  of  a  weight  as  a  motor, 
irrespective  of  its  particular  use  in  this  apparatus,  I  claim  the  appli¬ 
cation  of  the  weight  H,  or  its  equivalent,  to  the  driving- shaft  F  of  the 
pump,  in  connexion  with  a  brake  K,  as  described,  for  the  purpose  ol 
setting  the  said  shaft  in  motion  by  the  mere  act  of  liberating  it  from 
the  restraint  of  the  brake,  and  thereby  calling  the  attention  of  the  en¬ 
gineer,  and  continuing  to  drive  it  until  the  engineer  can  get  the. engine 
ready  and  connect  it,  thereby  obviating  the  necessity  of  having  the 
engine  always  connected  and  in  readiness,  substantially  as  herein  set 
forth. 

3d.  The  combination  of  the  signal-pipe  S,  the  tank  N,  and  float  M  ; 
the  signal-pipe  being  connected  either  with  the  supply  or  force  pipe, 
and  the  float  with  the  brake-lever,  substantially  as  set  forth,  for  the 
purpose  of  enabling  a  person  at  any  distance  from  the  forcing-pump  to 
set  free  the  brake  and  start  the  pump  instantaneously,  and  to  give  no¬ 
tice  to  the  engineer  when  to  connect  the  engine,  or  get  in  readiness. 


No.  12,912. — A.  B.  Latta. — Improved  Carriage  for  Steam  Fire - 

Engines . — Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  180.) 

The  hind-wheels  are  placed  upon  an  axle  in  such  a  manner  that 
they  or  the  axle  may  revolve  independently  of  each  other,  except  when 
coupled  together,  as  hereafter  described.  The  inner  ends  of  the  hubs 
of  the  wheels  are  elongated  in  the  form  of  sleeves  Z  upon  the  axle  10, 
and  there  are  appropriate  notches  and  teeth  2  2  in  the  inner  ends  oi 
these  sleeves  for  the  purpose  of  coupling.  On  each  side  of  the  middle 
of  the  axle  is  a  coupling-box  3  having  each,  at  its  end  next  the  nearest 
wheel,  teeth  or  notches  4,  adapted  to  coupling  with  the  sleeve  of  the 
nearest  wheel.  These  boxes  have  free  end-motion  on  the  axle,  but 
are  compelled  to  revolve  with  it  by  means  of  feathers  and  grooves. 
Forks  Y  serve  to  operate  these  coupling-boxes  for  the  purpose  of  coup¬ 
ling  or  uncoupling  one  or  both  wheels.  The  steam-cylinder  I,  for 
driving  the  pumps  J  for  throwing  water,  is  placed  in  a  horizontal 
position  outside  the  frame.  The  rod  8  of  each  piston  extends  out  at 
both  ends  of  the  cylinder,  one  end  entering  the  pump-barrel  and  carry¬ 
ing  the  pump-piston,  while  the  other  end  works  through  guides  K.  To 
this  end  of  the  piston-rod  is  jointed  the  connecting-rod  12,  which  ope¬ 
rates  the  crank  U  at  the  end  of  the  hind-axle.  Connecting-rods  R 
operate  the  valves  by  means  of  eccentrics  9.  Upon  the  front  and  sides 
of  the  carriage,  hooks  and  rests  13  are  attached,  upon  which  the  suction- 
hose  can  rest  without  being  detached  from  the  force-pump. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  piston-rod,  connecting-rod,  and  crank, 
with  the  shaft,  couplings,  and  driving-wheels,  as  described,  so  that  the 
same  power  that  operates  the  fire-engine  may  at  pleasure  operate  the 
driving-wheels  for  the  locomotion  of  the  carriage,  or  leave  them  sta¬ 
tionary  while  the  engine  is  performing  its  duty,  all  substantially  as 
described. 

Also,  connecting  the  forward  guide-wheel  to  the  body  of  the  carriage 
by  the  large  horizontal  ring  in  which  it  revolves,  in  combination  with 
the  vertical  springs  and  brace-springs  for  supporting  the  boxes  against 


XI. — HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


•709 


shocks  experienced  in  running  over  pavements  and  other  rough  places, 
as  described.  The  inventor  does  not  claim  either  the  ring  or  the  springs 
separately ,  but  only  the  combination ,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes 
substantially  set  forth. 

Also,  combining  hooks,  rests,  or  other  equivalents,  with  the  body  of 
the  carriage,  to  support  the  suction-hose,  without  detaching  them  from 
the  induction-ports  of  the  pumps,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,817. — William  Fowler. — Faucet. — Patented  May  8,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  180.) 

No  description  required. 

Claim. — The  construction  of  the  faucet,  as  herein  shown  and  de¬ 
scribed,  viz :  having  the  lower  end  of  the  tube  E  fitted  within  a  valve- 
seat  D,  which  seat  is  screwed  into  the  upper  part  of  a  socket  C  at  the 
upper  part  of  the  main  pipe  or  tube  B,  and  adjusting  the  lower  end  of 
the  tube  E  snugly  within  the  valve- seat  D,  by  means  of  the  nut  F  ; 
the  tube  E  turning  within  the  seat  D ;  the  seat  D  and  tube  E  being 
provided  with  openings  c  d,  which,  when  made  to  coincide  with  each 
other  by  turning  the  nozzle  G  and  tube  E,  allow  the  water  to  pass  up 
through  the  nozzle. 


No.  12,830. — Ezra  Ripley. — Balance-Gate  Faucet. — Patented  May  8, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  180.) 

This  invention  consists  in  combining  a  double  discharge-gate  B  B 
with  a  double  cut-off  gate  D  D,  so  tuat  when  the  cut-off  gate  is  closed 
there  is  an  equal  pressure  of  fluid  on  each  side  of  the  closing  surfaces 
of  the  gate,  thereby  preventing  all  unequal  strain  on  this  surface,  and 
tendency  to  leak  from  that  cause. 

Claim — The  combination  of  the  duplicate  discharge-gates  of  the 
faucet-tube,  constructed  as  herein  described,  with  the  duplicate  dis¬ 
charge  cut-off  gates;  the  two  parts  being  combined  in  the  manner  as 
herein  shown,  for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  balance  discharge  and  cut-off 
gate  for  faucets  or  fluid-gates. 


No.  12,950. — Joseph  Hollely. — Fluid  Faucet. — Patented  May  29, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  180.) 

b  is  the  packing,  which  (when  the  eccentric  key  is  turned  into  posi¬ 
tion  represented  in  the  engraving)  fits  tight  into  its  seat.  When  hot  or 
corrosive  fluids  are  used,  vulcanized  India-rubber  is  substituted  for  the 
leather,  covered  with  thin  sheet-metal  to  prevent  rapid  wearing  out. 

Claim. — The  eccentric  barrel,  having  an  elastic  packing  on  it,  acted 
upon  by  an  eccentric  key,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

Also,  facing  the  rubber  packing  with  metal,  in  combination  with  the 
above,  for  the  purposes  specified. 


710 


XI. — HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


No.  13,047. — Edward  A.  Sterry. — Faucet. — Patented  June  12?  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  180.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

The  inventor  says:  I  am  aware  that  valves  have  been  made  to  rise 
and  fall  vertically  without  being  turned  upon  their  axis,  and  therefore 
I  do  not  claim  this. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  valve  e,  the  set-screw  i ,  the 
grooved  shank  d,  and  the  screw  enlargement  c  of  the  spindle  of  the  key, 
with  each  other,  and  with  the  female  screw  on  the  sides  of  the  chamber 
a ,  and  the  groove  &,  which  acts  through  the  threads  of  said  screw,  by 
which,  in  a  cock  of  the  usual  proportions,  the  valve  can  be  moved  up 
and  down  without  being  turned  on  its  axis,  substantially  as  set  forth 


No.  13,424. — Charles  Cleveland. — Ventilating  Faucet. — Patented 

August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  181.) 

The  engraving  represents  the  faucet  A  with  the  spigot  B  set  for  dis¬ 
charging  by  self1  ventilation ;  and  when  inserted  in  an  air-tight  cask  the 
fluid  will  issue  through  orifice  c,  and  the  air  enter  through  D  until  the 
cask  is  emptied. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  a  venteduct  D  with  a  faucet,  constructed 
in  any  manner  substantially  the  same  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth 
and  described. 


No.  13,677. — Albert  Fuller. — Improved  Faucet. — Patented  October 
16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  181.) 

The  number  of  threads  to  the  inch  upon  the  screw-shaft  l  is  the  same  as 
that  upon  the  vertical  rod  It,  and  when  the  handle  m  is  turned,  the  India- 
rubber  plug  d  will,  by  means  of  the  eccentrically  placed  rod  k  acting 
upon  nut  z,  either  be  drawn  away  from  its  seat,  so  as  to  let  the  fluid 
pass,  or  be  forced  upon  the  seat  and  prevent  the  passage  of  the  fluid. 
As  the  rod  k ,  by  means  of  its  screw-thread,  travels  in  the  nut  i,  the 
unerring  return  of  the  valve  to  a  horizontal  position,  and  to  its  seat,  is 
secured  by  a  positive  motion,  the  plug  being  slightly  elevated  while 
being  pushed  awa}r,  and  returned  exactly  to  its  proper  position  when 
drawn  back. 

Claim. — The  use  of  the  devices  employed  for  insuring  the  accurate 
sealing  of  the  valve  when  actuated  by  a  crank  or  other  positive  motion, 
the  same  consisting  of  the  screw-rod  k  travelling  in  the  female  screw  of 
the  nut  or  eye  formed  on  the  valve-stem,  and  being  cut,  constructed,  and 
arranged  with  regard  to  the  screw- shaft  l,  so  as  to  operate  with  the 
same  as  described,  whereby  the  valve  and  valve-stem,  when  the  plug 
is  drawn  upon  its  seat,  are  brought  into  the  exact  position  required  for 
enabling  the  valve  to  find  its  proper  seat. 


XI. — HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


711 


No.  13,776. — Job  Brown. —  Weighing  Attachment  for  Faucets. — 

Patented  November  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  181.) 

The  weighing  machine  is  connected  to  the  faucet  B  for  the  purpose 
of  drawing  liquids,  grain,  and  other  articles  from  vessels  in  given 
quantities  by  weight,  the  weighing  machine  operating  the  faucet  so  as 
to  cut  off  the  discharge  of  liquid  or  other  articles  from  the  vessel  when 
the  desired  quantity  has  escaped. 

The  dotted  lines  represent  the  position  of  parts  when  the  weighing 
apparatus,  having  received  its  weight,  has  descended  far  enough  to 
move  the  faucet  (by  means  of  the  cord)  sufficiently  to  cut  off  further 
supply  from  the  vessel. 

Claim . — Attaching  or  connecting  the  frame  F  to  the  scale-beam  G 
by  means  of  the  pulley  f  resting  upon  the  short  end  of  the  beam,  and 
attaching  a  cord  g  to  the  platform  b  of  the  frame  F,  and  to  the  gate  or 
spigot  of  a  faucet  of  the  vessel  A,  the  above  parts  being  arranged  sub¬ 
stantially  as  shown,  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  13,836. — Louis  Finger,  assignor  to  Louis  Finger  and  Lazarus 

Schell. — Filtering-Faucet. — Patented  November  20, 1855.  (Plates, 

p.  181.) 

The  parts  being  arranged  as  seen  in  fig.  l,the  plug  is  revolved  until 
opening  S  in  the  plug  is  opposite  to  the  inlet-pipe  A,  and  the  water 
flows  through  the  openings  C  into  the  chamber  R  of  the  filter ;  when 
the  parts  are  in  this  position,  the  passages  K  are  covered  by  disc  L, 
and  no  water  can  escape  through  the  drip-pipe  m.  When  the  faucet 
is  again  turned,  the  water  is  shut  off,  and  at  the  same  time  the  brushes 
are  passed  over  the  surface  of  the  filters  F,  (the  filters  being  so  ar¬ 
ranged  that  when  the  plate  is  revolved  so  as  to  bring  the  openings  M 
over  the  filters,  the  passages  K  shall  be  entirely  closed,)  and  the  pass¬ 
ages  K  are  opened.  The  sediment  which  may  have  been  deposited 
upon  the  surface  of  the  filter  is  thus  brushed  offi  and,  together  with 
the  small  quantity  of  water  which  remains  in  the  chamber  R,  passes 
off  through  channel  d  and  drip-pipe  m. 

Claim. — The  brush  O  in  combination  with  the  plate  L  and  the  pass¬ 
ages  K,  operating  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  substantially  as 
set  forth. 


No.  13,026. — Thos.  C.  Clarke. — Filter . — Patented  June  12,  1855. — 

(Plates,  p.  181.) 

The  filter  is  screwed  at  A  on  to  the  nozzle  of  a  hydrant ;  B  and  C 
are  two  valves,  connected  by  a  rod.  The  water,  when  running  in, 
forces  B  down  until  it  finds  an  outlet  at  D.  The  same  pressure  closes 
C,  thus  preventing  the  escape  of  water  below,  which,  filling  the  cavity 
K,  is  forced  through  the  filtering  medium  E,  (the  latter  being  sustained 
in  position  by  a  perforated  plate  F,)  and  passes  out  at  H. 

Claim. — The  application  of  the  spring L,  so  that  it  shall,  in  connex¬ 
ion  with  the  pressure  of  the  incoming  stream  of  water,  work  the  up- 


712 


XL — HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


per  and  lower  valves*,  always  leaving  the  lower  valve  C  open  for  the 
passage  of  sediment  after  the  running  of  the  water  ceases,  thus  forming 
a  self-cleansing  filter ;  which  cleansing  is  farther  promoted  by  the  fa¬ 
cility  with  which  the  filtering  medium  itself  is  changed  and  renewed 
by  unscrewing  the  lid  in  which  the  filtering  medium  is  secured. 


No.  13,027.— Thos.  C.  Clarke. — Hydrant-Filter. — Patented  June  12, 

1855.  (Plates,  p.  181.) 

When  the  water  is  stopped  off  by  bringing  valve  B  down  upon  its 
seat,  the  lower  valve  D  is  thereby  opened,  and  the  sediment  is  allowed 
to  escape  between  F  and  D. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  filtering-chamber,  the  rod  C,  and 
the  valves  B  and  D,  whereby  the  simple  operation  of  starting  the 
water  brings  into  operation  the  filter,  and  the  stopping  off  the  water 
opens  the  escape  for  the  sediment. 


No.  13,054. — Nathaniel  Waterman. — P ortable  Floating  Filter.*— Pat¬ 
ented  June  12,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  181.) 

This  filter  is  set  into  the  water  which  is  to  be  filtered,  and  by  its 
weight  slightly  sinks  in  the  water,  and  thus  floats ;  the  water  passing 
from  the  outside  through  the  gauze  c  and  filtering-substance  F,  and 
gauze  a,  into  the  inside  A  of  the  filter. 

Claim. — A  portable  floating  water-filter,  substantially  as  described, 
wherein  the  water  is  filtered  from  the  outside  into  the  inside  under  a 
uniform  pressure,  regardless  of  the  quantity  of  water  in  the  filter,  as  set 
forth. 


No.  13,070. — Orson  C.  PHELrs,  assignor  to  Orson  C.  Phelps  and 

Jno.  Holton. — Metallic  Medium  for  Filtering. — Patented  June  12, 

1855.  (Plates,  p.  181.) 

The  wire  gauze  is  first  passed  through  metallic  rolls  to  flatten  the 
wires,  by  which  means  the  interstices  between  the  wires  are  to  be  very 
much  reduced,  d  are  discs  of  such  wire  gauze  placed  against  shoulder 
c  within  nozzle  A,  and  secured  by  a  nut  j. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  rolling  wire  gauze  by  passing  it 
between  metallic  rolls  ;  neither  do  I  claim  the  use  of  wire  gauze  as  a 
filtering  material,  when  the  same  is  unprepared,  in  the  manner  de¬ 
scribed. 

But  I  claim  the  use  of  discs  of  rolled  wire  gauze  prepared  and  ap¬ 
plied  to  the  filter,  in  the  manner  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,628. — G-ustavus  Weissenborn,  assignor  to  Epes  W.  Sargent. — 
Thermo-udoric  Filter. — Patented  October  2, 1855.  (Plates,  p.  181.) 

The  steam  enters  through  5,  the  water  through  c ;  the  steam  escapes 
through  c.  The  water,  in  passing  along  with  the  steam  through  the 


XI. — HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


713 


spiral  chamber/,  becomes  thoroughly  heated,  and  commingles  with  the 
steam.  From  the  centre  of  the  chamber /  the  water  falls  on  the  brush¬ 
wood  A,  and  trickles  down  through  it,  becoming  still  more  heated,  and 
leaving  a  deposite  of  the  mineral  or  other  matter  on  the  said  filtering 
mass. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  make  any  claim  to  the  well-known 
result  produced  by  heating  water  containing  impurities  or  mineral 
substances  to  cause  a  deposite  of  the  same;  but  1  am  not  aware  that 
impurities  or  mineral  matters  have  ever  before  been  separated  from 
water  by  commingling  the  same  with  steam  in  a  suitable  apparatus 
to  heat  the  water,  and  cause  a  deposite  of  the  foreign  matter  it  con¬ 
tains  on  twigs,  brush -wood,  stones,  or  other  suitable  substances,  in  the 
manner  and  for  the  purposes  forth. 

Therefore  I  claim  the  method  set  forth  of  separating  impurities  or 
mineral  substances  from  water,  by  so  introducing  steam  and  water 
into  a  suitable  apparatus,  that  they  shall  commingle,  and  the  water 
thereby  be  heated,  to  fall  in  a  shower  upon,  or  be  brought  in  contact 
with,  pebble-stones,  twigs,  brush-wood,  or  other  suitable  substances  or 
surfaces,  whereon  said  mineral  matter  or  impurities  will  be  deposited, 
substantially  as  specified. 


No.  12,421. — Geo.  N.  Todd. — Self -regulating  Water-Gates. — Patented 

February  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  182.) 

The  inventor  says :  1  do  not  claim  the  employment  or  use  of  a  float 
for  operating  the  gate  or  regulating  the  amount  of  water  supplied, 
irrespective  of  the  special  mechanism  described  and  used  for  effecting 
the  above  purpose,  for  floats  have  been  previously  used  in  various 
ways. 

But  I  claim  having  the  float  H  attached  by  a  chain  or  rod  G  to  the 
outer  end  of  a  lever  E,  which  passes  transversely  through  a  shaft  D 
on  the  upper  part  of  the  flume  or  penstock  B,  the  inner  or  opposite  end 
of*  said  lever  E  being  attached  to  the  gate  C  by  a  chain  F,  by  which 
the  gate  C  is  raised  or  lowered  to  admit  the  requisite  quantity  of  water 
to  pass  through  under  a  variable  head,  as  shown  and  described,  (fcee 
engraving.) 


No.  13,319. — E.  N.  Moore  and  Isaac  H.  Hanyan. — Balance  Water- 

Gate. — Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  182.) 

The  gate  is  opened  by  turning  shaft  B  until  the  disks  C  are  turned 
above  the  openings  D,  which  can  easily  be  done,  as  there  will  be  no 
friction  in  consequence  of  the  disks  bearing  against  the  projections  a , 
because  the  pressure  of  the  water  against  one  disk  will  counteract  the 
pressure  of  the  water  against  the  opposite  disk. 

Claim. — Constructing  a  water-gate,  by  having  two  disks  or  plates 
C  C,  of  proper  form,  attached  to  opposite  ends  of  a  shaft  B,  which 
passes  transversely  through  a  box  A. ;  said  disks  bearing  against  the 
projections  a  a  on  the  sides  of  the  box,  and  over  openings  D  in  the 
sides  of  said  box,  substantially  as  shown  and  described. 


714 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


No.  12,626. — Smith  Groom. — Improved  Hose-Coupling. — Patented 
April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  182.) 

Figure  1  represents  the  clutch  d  within  the  groove.  By  sliding  back 
the  ring  E  against  shoulder  h ,  the  clutches  will  be  allowed,  to  spring 
back  out  of  the  groove.  (See  figure  2.) 

Claim . — A  hose-coupling  composed  of  two  parts,  on  one  of  which 
are  spring-clamps  or  jaws  controlled  by  a  friction-ring,  and  on  the 
other  a  groove,  into  which  said  jaws  or  clamps  take;  the  whole  being 
so  arranged,  when  united,  as  to  make  a  tight  joint,  and  yet  allow  one- 
half  of  the  coupling  to  turn  on  the  other  half  without  uncoupling  it,  as 
set  forth. 


No.  12,831. — Albert  W.  Roberts. — Nozzle  for  Hose-Pipes. — Patented 

May  8,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  182.) 

No  description  required. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  two  or  more  movable  nozzles  or  tips  B 
of  different  sizes  attached  to  one  pipe  A,  which  can  be  moved  by  the 
pipe-holder  or  his  assistant,  to  change  the  size  of  the  stream  when  in 
motion,  for  fire-engines  or  other  purposes. 


No.  12,937. — Lucien  E.  Hicks,  assignor  to  Himself  and  George  N. 

Davis. — Improvement  in  Hose-Couplings. — Patented  May  22,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  182.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  is  plainly  set  forth  and  illustrated  in 
the  claims  and  engravings. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  a  common  annulus  of  leather  as 
a  packing  for  the  screw-joint  of  a  hose-coupling  ;  but  1  do  claim  com¬ 
bining  the  two  parts  or  halves  A  B  of  the  coupling,  by  means  of  a 
locking  or  bayonet  connexion,  or  the  equivalent  therefor,  and  an  elastic 
tube  F,  possessing  sufficient  elasticity  not  only  to  form,  by  its  expan¬ 
sive  power  when  compressed,  a  close  joint  under  pressure  of  a  liquid 
within  the  hose,  as  explained,  but  to  maintain  the  locking-connexions  in 
place  when  their  catch-stud  is  in  its  recess,  as  described. 

Also,  making  the  bearing-shoulder  r  conical,  or  so  as  to  cause  the 
circumference  of  the  tube  F  to  be  borne  against  the  cylinder-seat  S  by 
the  expansive  power  of  the  tube  acting  against  such  conical  part  des¬ 
cribed  ;  the  same  being  not  only  to  give  support  to  the  tube  F,  but  to  aid 
in  maintaining  a  close  joint  against  the  pressure  of  the  fluid  in  such  tube, 
as  explained. 

Also,  the  shoulder-tube  U,  as  combined  with  the  elastic  packing-tube 
F  and  the  part  A,  and  used  substantially  in  manner  and  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  supporting  the  tube  F  as  specified. 


No.  13, 11 2. —Albert  M.  Waterhouse. — Improvement  in  Hose-Coup - 
lings. — Patented  June  19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  182.) 

The  nut  being  screwed  on  to  the  end  B  A  C  of  figure  3,  until  the 
slots  in  the  one  are  made  to  coincide  with  the  slots  in  the  other,  the  end 


715 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 

BCD,  figure  1,  is  pressed  through  the  nut  and  into  the  end  B  A  C, 
figure  3,  the  slots  in  the  nut  and  the  pipe  being  made  wide  and  deep 
enough  for  the  ears  A,  figure  1,  to  pass  easily.  When  the  pipe  is  thrust 
in  so  far  that  the  ears  have  passed  below  the  nut  (see  figure  4),  the 
nut  is  turned  around,  and  is  carried,  by  its  screw,  down  upon  end  B  A 
C,  and,  gradually  pressing  upon  the  ears,  brings  the  end  of  its  pipe  B  C 
D  further  into  the  pipe,  figure  3,  until  it  is  brought  home. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  pipe,  as  represented  in  figure 
1,  with  two  or  more  projections  or  ears  ;  but  I  do  claim  the  slotted  nut, 
with  the  female-screw  on  its  inner  surface. 

I  claim  the  pipe  represented  in  figure  3,  with  straight  or  vertical  slots, 
(one  or  more,)  and  with  a  screw  on  its  outer  surface. 

I  also  claim  the  combination  of  these  parts  as  described,  or  their 
equivalents,  each  with  the  other  and  altogether,  and  all  other  combina¬ 
tions  substantially  the  same. 


No.  12,549. — Thomas  Hanson.— Valve  for  Hydraulic  Ram. — Patented 

March  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  182.) 

The  flexible  tube,  when  spread  out  by  the  preponderance  of  the  pres¬ 
sure  in  the  air-vessel  above  it,  is  brought  in  contact  all  around  with  the 
bore  of  the  tube,  thus  closing  the  passage  to  the  driving-chamber,  and 
when  contracted  by  the  preponderance  of  the  pressure  in  the  driving- 
chamber,  it  opens  a  direct  passage  of  water  from  the  driving-chamber 
to  the  air-vessel. 

Claim. — The  mode,  substantially  as  specified,  of  forming  the  con¬ 
nexion  between  the  driving-chamber  c  and  air-vessel  e  of  water-rams, 
the  tube  li  and  flexible  cup  5  placed  within  it,  substantially  as  and  for 
the  purpose  specified. 


No.  13,324. — Thure  Emanuel  Sandgren.-— Hydro-dynamic  Friction 

Joints. — Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  182.) 

P  is  a  shaft  (the  engraving  represents  it  as  a  propeller  shaft)  which 
snugly  fits  and  turns  in  the  hollow  cylinder  A.  The  water  enters  at 
a  and  passes  through  channels  D  to  the  cavity  e ,  between  the  two 
rubbing  surfaces  of  A  and  the  hub  B  of  the  propeller,  for  the  purpose 
of  preventing  heating  and  friction. 

Claim. — Forming  a  hydraulic  bearing  for  a  rotating  shaft,  bv  means 
of  the  water-ducts  passing  through  the  cylinder  or  case  in  which  the 
shaft  rotates,  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  water  as  a  lubricator  to  the 
rubbing  surfaces,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,303. — W.  Id.  Elliot. — Hydro- Pneumatic  Machine  for  Exhaust¬ 
ing  and  Sealing  Vessels. — Patented  July  24,  185o.  (Plates,  p.  183.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  by  reference  to 
letters  patent  No.  13,291. 

Claim. — The  yielding  lining  of  mouth  b ,  the  chamber  a,  with  its 
elastic  movable  portion  e  e ,  and  the  lever  J,  with  or  without  the  liquid 


716 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 

used  for  expelling  the  air  from  the  chamber  a ,  or  their  equivalents, 
when  used  in  combination,  operating  in  any  manner  essentially  the 
same  as  herein  described,  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  12,252. — JohnS.  Barden. —  Water-Metre. — Patented  January  18, 

1855.  (Plates,  p.  183.) 

The  cylinder  F  oscillates  on  journals  1  2 ;  the  water  enters  at  Y. 
1IJ  are  the  ingress  passages  for  the  water  to  pass  into  each  end  of  the 
cylinder  and  out  alternately  through  the  egress  passage  K,  hollow 
journal  2,  and  stuffing  box  E.  The  valve  C  is  suspended  upon  two 
journals  3  4,  whereby  the  valve  adapts  itself  to  the  motions  of  the 
cylinder.  The  cylinder  heads  M  N  are  enlarged  so  as  to  form  reser¬ 
voirs  for  the  reception  of  all  sediment.  The  water  having  filled  the 
cylinder,  and  the  piston  G  reaching  the  end  of  its  stroke,  (see  figure  1,) 
the  piston  pushes  the  small  piston  7  back  sufficient  to  throw  off  from 
catch  O  the  latch  q,  when  the  cylinder,  from  the  weight  of  the  piston, 
drops,  causing  the  opposite  end  to  rise  sufficient  to  allow  the  latch  R 
to  drop  of  its  own  gravity  into  the  catch  P,  by  which  means  the  posi¬ 
tion  of  slide-valve  and  passages  is  changed.  During  the  return  mo¬ 
tion  of  the  piston  (now  commencing  in  consequence  of  the  reversed 
pressure  of  the  water)  the  water  is  forced  out  which  has  filled  the 
cylinder  during  the  above-described  first  stroke  of  the  piston,  and  so 
forth. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  two  heads  being  secured,  one  to  each  end  of  the 
cylinder,  by  means  of  bolts,  in  the  form  of  reservoirs,  for  the  purpose  of 
collecting  all  sediment  that  may  be  drawn  into  the  cylinder  through 
the  passages  and  is  not  thrown  out,  or  the  collection  of  sediment  upon 
their  sides  deposited  from  the  water  itself,  without  which  the  machine 
would  in  a  short  time  cease  to  operate. 

2d.  The  two  small  pistons,  7  8,  with  the  spiral  springs  attached,  in 
combination  with  the  guides  and  catch  O  P,  the  latches  q  R  suspended 
from  above  by  the  hinge-joints  S  T,  and  the  bumper  attached,  the  latches 
falling  of  their  own  gravity. 

3d.  The  construction  of  the  valve  C,  suspended  upon  the  two  arms, 
in  connexion  with  the  hanger  L,  the  two  boxes  5  6,  the  two  spiral 
springs  within  the  same,  and  resting  upon  the  top  of  the  said  boxes, 
with  the  cross-bar  7  and  screw  D  for  regulating  the  pressure  of  the 
valve ;  also,  in  having  the  cross-bar  an  elliptic  spring  resting  on  the  boxes 
themselves,  and  finally  the  entire  combination  of  the  above  parts  for 
the  object  described. 


No.  12,887. — John  Taggart,  assignor  to  John  Taggart  and  Jhlius 

S.  Shaler. — Fluid  Metre. — Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 

183.) 

If  water  under  pressure  enters  the  induction-pipe  e  it  will  flow  into 
chamber  a,  and  press  dasher  D  against  one  side  (say,  for  instance,  the 
right  side)  of  neck  c.  Suppose  the  valve  h  is  closed  and  t  open,  the 
water  will  fill  the  space  in  chambers  a  and  b  to  the  left  of  dasher  D, 


XI. — HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


717 


and  will  force  the  lower  end  of  the  dasher  towards  valve  i  till  it  strikes 
the  valve-arm  r,  thereby  closing  said  valve  i  and  simultaneously  open¬ 
ing  valve  h  (the  two  valves  moving  simultaneously  in  consequence  of 
their  outside  connexion  by  a  rodp).  The  moment  this  takes  place,  the 
pressure  of  the  water  in  a  will  throw  the  dasher  from  the  right  to  the 
left  side  of  neck  c,  and  the  water  will  fill  that  part  of  the  chamber  b 
which  is  to  the  right  of  the  dasher,  moving  it  towards  valve  h  till  it 
strikes  arm  q  and  closes  the  valve,  simultaneously  opening  valve  i,  and 
so  on. 

Claim. — The  improved  automatic  fluid-metre,  as  constructed  and 
made  to  operate  substantially  as  described ;  that  is  to  say,  of  the  fol¬ 
lowing  elements,  or  their  mechanical  equivalents,  in  combination,  viz  : 

1st.  Two  chambers  a  b,  united  by  a  rectangular  or  square  neck  or 
passage  c,  made  of  a  width  greater  than  the  thickness  of  the  vibrating 
piston  or  plate  extended  through  the  neck. 

2d.  An  induction-pipe  or  opening  e  in  the  upper  chamber. 

3d.  Two  eduction-passages  Jc  l  and  valves  h  i  applied  to  the  lower 
chamber. 

4th.  A  vibrating-plate,  dasher,  or  piston  D,  extending  from  one 
chamber  a  into  another  chamber  6,  as  described. 

5th.  A  mechanism  applied  to  the  eduction-valves,  whereby  they 
may  be  alternately  opened  and  closed  by  the  vibrating-plate  or  dasher 
during  its  movement,  as  described. 


No.  12,934. — J.  S.  Barden,  assignor  to  Oliver  Snow  and  G.  B. 

Farnum. — Water-Metre. — Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  183.) 

The  groove  F  around  the  piston-plate,  with  the  holes  G,  serves  to 
form  a  passage  for  a  current  of  water  to  pass  around  and  press  upon 
the  inner  surface  of  the  leather  piston,  thereby  effecting  a  perfect  pack- 
ing.  w  w  are  the  fulcra  of  the  levers  ql  q 2.  The  operation  of  the  parts 
is  apparent  from  the  engravings.  The  dotted  lines  represent  the  posi¬ 
tion  of  the  levers  when  the  valve  is  open. 

Claim. — 1st.  A  cylinder  of  any  given  size  with  a  common  plunger 
within  it,  open  at  both  ends,  and  secured  within  a  case  divided  into  two 
compartments,  as  above  set  forth ;  each  compartment  with  their  heads 
acting  as  heads  to  the  cylinder,  and  reservoirs  to  receive  the  sediment 
either  drawn  in  and  not  thrown  out,  or  that-  which  may  be  deposited 
from  the  water. 

2d.  The  reservoir  for  the  collection  of  sediment,  whether  connected 
with  a  cylindrical  or  a  rotary  water-metre. 

3d.  The  mode  of  moving  and  throwing  the  valve,  as  above  set  forth. 

4th.  The  casting  or  turning  of  a  groove  upon  the  circumference  of  a 
piston-plate,  and  around  its  entire  diameter,  with  holes  drilled  from  the 
base  of  the  same  through  on  the  inside,  in  tb$  manner  and  for  the  object 
set  forth. 

5th.  The  entire  combination,  for  the  object  as  above  stated. 


718 


XI. — HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


No.  13,198. — James  Curtis  and  Samuel  Hoard. —  Water-Metre . — 

Patented  July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  183.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claims 
and  engravings. 

The  inventors  say  :  1st.  Though  we  do  not  claim  the  invention  of  a 
metre  composed  of  two  cylinders  or  chambers,  of  which  one  is  filled 
while  the  other  is  discharged,  we  claim  the  employment  of  two  cham¬ 
bers,  having  such  communication  with  each  other  that  the  incoming 
water  entering  each  cylinder  or  chamber  in  its  turn  will  expel  a  volume 
of  air  previously  contained  therein,  and  drive  it  into  the  other  cylinder 
or  chamber,  and  cause  the  said  air  to  act  as  a  piston  to  separate  from 
the  incoming  water,  and  to  discharge  through  the  agency  of  the  press¬ 
ure  thereof,  the  water  in  the  other  cylinder  or  chamber,  substantially 
as  described. 

2d.  Though  wTe  do  not  claim  the  invention  of  a  float- valve  to  shut  off 
the  flow  of  the  fluid  through  a  metre,  in  case  of  the  parts  becoming 
deranged,  we  claim  fitting  a  float-valve  f  to  each  end  of  the  pipe  J, 
through  which  the  air  is  transferred  from  one  to  the  other  of  the  two 
measuring  cylinders  or  chambers,  substantially  as  described  ;  or  that  in 
whichever  cylinder  the  water  should  rise  above  its  proper  level,  by 
reason  of  the  derangement  of  the  inlet  and  outlet  valves,  the  pipe  J 
will  be  closed  and  the  flow  of  water  stopped. 


No.  13,320. — Henry  R.  Worthington. —  Water-Metre. — Patented  July 
24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  184.) 

A  and  B  are  the  two  cylinders  with  the  pistons  a1  a '?  and  b1  l 2.  D1 
D2  are  the  valves,  the  valve  D1  having  two  cavities  in  its  face,  and  D2 
only  one.  O  is  the  delivery  passage  into  which  E2  and  /2  empty. 
The  valves  are  operated  by  the  central  discs  G.  The  fluid  is  admitted 
under  pressure  through  opening  K. 

Claim. — The  employment  of  two  cylinders,  which  may  be  distin¬ 
guished  as  cylinders  Nos.  1  and  2,  with  pistons  working  in  the  same, 
so  arranged  and  combined  with  regard  to  each  other  as  that  the  motion 
of  the  piston  in  cylinder  No.  1  shall  actuate  the  supply  and  delivery 
valves  in  cylinder  No.  2,  while  in  like  manner  the  motion  of  the  piston 
in  cylinder  No.  2  actuates  the  supply  and  delivery  valve  of  cylinder 
No.  1,  thus  producing  a  positive  and  direct  motion  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,792. — Samuel  Krauser  &  Christian  Ritter. — Water-Metre.— 

Patented  November  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  184.) 

A  single  drop  passing  from  supply-pipe  B,  through  metre  E,  into  re¬ 
ceiver  F,  indicates  a  certain  larger  quantity,  for  instance  a  gallon, 
drawn  off  at  the  nozzle  of  pipe  B,  (the  metre'  having  been  previously 
regulated  for  the  purpose,)  and  by  measuring  the  quantity  in  receiver 
F,  the  whole  quantity  of  water  which  has  passed  through  B  may  be 
ascertained.  The  stem  c  passes  through  the  trough  E,  and  has  its  rear 
end  bent  up  so  as  to  receive  a  set-screw  d ,  which  also  passes  through 


XI. — HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


719 


the  end  e  of  the  trough.  The  front  end  of  said  stem  has  upon  it  a 
wedge-shaped  plug  /,  which  is  slightly  oblique  to  the  line  of  the 
stem ;  and  immediately  in  rear  of  the  plug  is  a  drip  i,  which  follows 
the  plug  to  drop  into  and  through  the  funnel  g  into  receiver  F.  Spring 
h  presses  against  one  side  of  stem  c  for  the  purpose  of  forcing  the  plug 
f  to  one  side  of  slot  i  in  the  plate  /,  which  is  placed  in  the  front  end 
of  the  metre  E.  The  water  which  passes  from  B  into  the  metre  passes 
on  one  side  of  plug/,  between  it  and  the  slot  i,  and  on  that  side  on 
which  spring  h  is  placed,  said  spring  being  for  the  purpose  of  holding 
the  plug  away  from  the  opening  i  ;  k  k  are  set-screws  for  adjusting  the 
plug  in  a  lateral  direction,  in  combination  with  the  spring  h.  Set- screw 
d  is  for  adjusting  the  plug  in  a  longitudinal  direction.  The  plate/  on 
its  inner  side  is  formed  into  tapering  grooves,  the  object  of  which 
grooves  is  to  direct  any  solid  matter  that  may  be  in  the  water  away 
from  the  slot,  and  thus  prevent  it  from  being  obstructed. 

The  inventors  say :  We  are  awTare  that  the  dividing  of  the  gas  which 
passes  through  a  gas  metre  into  two  or  more  portions,  and  ascertaining 
the  whole  quantity  by  measuring  a  part  thereof,  when  under  pressure, 
instead  of  measuring  all  the  gas  which  passes  through  the  metre,  as 
heretofore,  has  been  used.  This  we  do  not  claim. 

But  we  claim ,  1st,  measuring  or  indicating  the  passage  of  a  quantity 
of  water  through  a  pipe,  by  allowing  a  small  graduated  portion  thereof 
to  escape,  and  waste  into  a  measuring  and  retaining  receiver,  or  other 
vessel,  employed  for  that  purpose,  by  means  substantially  as  described. 

We  also  claim,  in  combination  with  the  rod  c  and  plug/  the  spring 
and  adjusting  screws  for  the  purpose  of  regulating  the  passage  for  the 
water  through  and  into  the  metre,  as  set  forth. 

We  also  claim  the  drip,  in  rear  of  the  plug,  to  cause  the  water  from 
the  slot  to  drop  into  the  funnel,  and  thence  into  the  receiver,  as 
specified. 

We  also  claim  the  inclined  angular  recesses  on  each  side  of  the 
slot,  on  the  inner  face  of  the  plate  f  tor  the  purpose  of  carrying  away 
from  the  slot  any  impurity  or  solid  matter  in  the  water,  as  described. 


No.  12,199. — Gilbert  B.  Farnam. — Forcing-Pump. — Patented  Janu¬ 
ary  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  184.) 

By  means  of  this  arrangement  ready  access  can  be  had  to  the  valves 
for  repairs,  whilst  at  the  same  time  direct  passages  are  provided  for  the 
water  to  pass  from  the  induction  to  and  through  the  eduction  valves,  in¬ 
stead  of  the  circuitious  passages  found  in  horizontal  pumps  as  heretofore 
constructed.  The  column  of  water  set  in  motion  is  not  all  suddenly 
arrested  by  the  change  of  motion  of  the  piston,  for  the  reason  that  the 
column  may  continue  to  move  directly  through  the  water-box  and 
valves,  until  arrested  by  its  own  weight,  notwithstanding  the  change  of 
motion  of  the  piston.  In  this  pump,  therefore,  the  piston  can  be  worked 
at  a  high  velocity.  Before  the  piston  is  inserted  in  the  cylinder,  the 
ring  t  °is  first  put  into  the  enlarged  part  of  the  cylinder;  and  as  this 
makes  a  continuation  of  the  bore  of  it,  and  the  outer  end  of  the  bore  of 


720 


XT. — HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


the  ring  is  trumpet-shaped,  the  piston  with  its  leather  packing-rings  can 
be  inserted  without  injury  to  the  leather  rings. 

Claim . — Arranging  the  two  sets  of  induction  and  eduction  valves// 
and  1 1  of  a  double-acting  horizontal  pump  on  two  plates  e  and  k, 
secured  one  to  the  top  and  the  other  to  the  bottom  of  a  water-box  a  a, 
divided  by  a  vertical  partition  d  into  two  compartments  b  and  c,  one  end 
of  the  horizontal  cylinder  n  being  secured  to  one  side  of  the  said  water- 
box,  opposite  one  of  the  compartments  b ,  when  this  is  combined  with 
the  connexion  of  the  other  compartment  c  of  the  said  water-box  with 
the  opposite  end  of  the  cylinder,  by  means  of  a  side-pipe  p  q ,  substan¬ 
tially  as  and  for  the  purpose  specified ;  also,  making  the  outer  end  of 
the  bore  of  the  cylinder  of  an  enlarged  diameter,  with  a  ring  t  fitted 
thereto,  having  a  bore  of  the  same  diameter  as  the  cylinder  and  flaring 
or  trumpet-formed  u  u  at  the  other  end,  substantially  as  specified,  in 
combination  w  ith  and  as  a  means  of  inserting  the  piston  made  with 
conical  leather  packing-rings  x  x ,  substantially  as  specified. 


No.  12,296. — Edmund  Morris. — Improvement  in  Buckets  for  Chainr 

Pumps. — Patented  January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  184.) 

The  gum-ring  is  made  so  small  that  when  placed  on  the  cone,  it  will 
remain,  by  its  own  contractile  power,  at  the  top  or  smaller  end  of  the 
cone ;  but  when  the  bucket  is  in  use  in  a  pump-tube  (the  chain  being 
riveted  to  the  ends  E  and  F),  the  friction  forces  the  ring  down  towards 
the  base  of  the  cone  enough  to  make  a  water-tight  fit. 

Claim. — The  combination  and  arrangement  of  the  gum-ring  A  with 
the  cone  B,  substantially  as  described,  for  the  purpose  set  forth.  * 


No.  12,312. — George  Fowler. — Double-Acting  Force-Pump. — Patent¬ 
ed  January  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  185.) 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  solid  piston  with  the  cylinder  and 
reservoir,  when  the  piston  is  inserted  from  the  lower  end  of  the  cylinder 
and  worked  by  a  parallel  side-rod  or  shaft  outside  of  the  cylinder, 
whether  for  single  or  double-acting  pumps,  so  as  to  constitute  it  an  ef¬ 
ficient  lifting-pump,  without  suction-valves  ;  and  the  whole  constructed, 
combined,  and  arranged  substantially  as  set  forth,  (See  engraving.) 


No.  12,326. — Henry  Rogers. — Improved  Force-Pump. — Patented  Janu^ 
ary  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  185.) 

When  the  bucket  c  is  let  down  into  the  water,  the  water  fills  the 
bucket  through  the  bottom-valve  g.  In  raising  the  bucket,  by  means 
of  windlass  w,  the  valve  g  is  closed,  and  (as  the  piston  a  is  stationary) 
the  water  is  forced  up  through  delivery-pipe  b. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  suspended  valve-bucket  c,  with  the 
stationary  hollow  plunger  a ,  or  of  the  suspended  hollow  plunger  with 
the  stationary  valve-bucket,  when  so  constructed,  arranged,  and 
operated  as  to  serve,  automatically,  to  cieajr  the  delivery-pipe  b  of 
water,  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


XI. — HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


721 

No.  12,342. — W.  C.  Burnham  and  J.  S.  Burnham. — Improvements  in 

Double-Acting  Force-Pump . — Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  185.) 

The  operation  of  this  pump  is  as  follows:  Suppose  the  piston  G  to 
be  at  the  lower  end  of  the  cylinder  E,  and  the  pump  now  first  operated. 
Upon  drawing  the  piston  upward  the  valve  e  will  open  and  the  water 
will  flow  into  the  chamber  a  through  the  suction-pipe  B,  and  into  the 
lower  end  of  cylinder  E  through  valve  e.  (See  figures  1  and  3.)  The 
valve  f  at  the  lower  end  of  the  passage  F  will  be  kept  closed  by  the 
pressure  of  the  air  against  it  as  the  piston  rises.  When  the  piston  is 
moved  downward,  the  water  that  entered  at  the  lower  end  of  the  cylin¬ 
der  is  forced  through  the  opening  l  into  the  compartment  d ,  the  valve 
e  being  closed  by  the  pressure  of  the  water ;  and  the  water  in  the  com¬ 
partment  d  being  under  the  pressure  of  the  piston  G  will  raise  the  valve 
g  and  flow  into  the  chamber  c  and  out  of  the  pipe  C,  (see  arrows  2, 
figure  4,)  the  chamber  c  being  open  at  the  top,  as  shown  in  figure  3. 
Upon  the  downward  motion  of  the  piston  G,  a  suction  is  formed  in  the 
passage  F,  and  the  water  rushes  from  the  compartment  a  through  the 
valve /,  up  the  passage  F  into  the  upper  part  of  the  cylinder  E  through 
the  opening  k  (see  arrows  3,  figure  4) ;  and  when  the  piston  is  moved 
upward,  this  water  that  entered  into  the  cylinder  through  the  opening 
k  is  forced  down  the  passage  F  through  the  opening  m  into  the  com¬ 
partment  b,  the  water  in  the  compartment  b  raising  the  valve  h  and 
passing  into  ihe  compartment  c  and  out  of  the  pipe  C.  Thus  a  con¬ 
tinuous  stream  is  thrown  by  the  pump. 

Claim . — The  general  construction  of  the  pump,  as  herein  shown  and 
described,  viz:  having  the  casing  D,  cylinder  E,  and  passage  F,  ar¬ 
ranged  as  shown,  and  cast  in  one  piece,  and  secured  upon  the  upper 
part  of  a  base  or  circular  chamber  A,  having  compartments  a ,  b,  c ,  d 
within  it,  and  valves  e,  /,  g ,  h  upon  its  top  plate,  arranged  and  com¬ 
municating  with  the  several  passages,  as  shown  and  described,  and  for 
the  purpose  as  set  firth. 


No.  12,350. — Birdsill  Holly. — Improvement  in  Elliptical  Pot  ary 
Pumps. — Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  185.) 

The  large  cogs  a  fit  (as  the  pistons  P  P1  revolve)  into  the  correspond¬ 
ing  recesses  b  in  the  line  of  their  conjugate  diameters.  By  revolving 
one  of  the  pistons,  the  other  will  be  carried  round  by  means  of  the 
smaller  cogs  e.  These  pistons  revolving  in  the  air-tight  shell  d  are 
continually  producing  variable  chambers,  and  thus  draw  in  the  water 
through  induction- pipe  J ,  and  force  it  out  through  eduction-pipe  fl. 
The  small  grooves  on  the  periphery  of  the  cogs  a  become  filled  with 
water,  the  centrifugal  action  of  which  becomes  opposed  to  the  resist¬ 
ance  of  the  water  to  be  forced,  and  serves  thus  as  a  tight  packing. 

Claim. — The  corrugated  or  grooved  pistons  or  cogs,  in  the  manner 
and  for  the  purposes  specified. 


46 


722 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


No.  12,413. — Gustavus  Hammer. — Improvement  in  Pump-Valves.— 

Patented  February  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  185.) 

This  improvement  is  to  be  a  remedy  for  the  faults  of  having  the 
valves  attached  to  one  and  the  same  stem.  The  inducting  valves  1  1 
of  one  end  of  the  pump  are  attached  to  the  educting-valve  2  ot  the 
opposite  end  of  the  pump  (see  figure  2)  in  such  manner  that  the  instant 
the  inducting-valve  i  of  one  end  of  the  pump  closes,  (by  closing  the 
open  space  8,)  it  will  close  the  educting-valve  2  of  the  opposite  end 
against  the  educting  opening  in  the  vertical  wall  10  (represented  in 
figure  1,  in  dotted  sectional  fines).  The  pivot  5  is  the  centre  of  motion, 
common  to  both  the  valve  2  and  valves  1  1. 

By  having  each  set  of  valves  so  attached,  all  of  them  can  be  closed 
at  one  and  the  same  time,  and  thereby  retain  the  water  that  has  been 
drawn  in  the  pump  when  its  operation  is  stopped,  which  dispenses 
with  the  necessity  of  using  the  ordinary  check-valve. 

Claim . — The  manner  described  of  connecting  d  e  inducting-valves  2 
of  one  end  of  a  double  or  single  acting  pump  with  the  educting-valves 
1 1  at  its  opposite  end,  on  or  to  a  separate  stem  or  spindle,  so  that  each 
set  of  valves  may  have  an  independent  movement  of  the  other  in  its 
operation,  substantially  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

Also,  the  combination  of  the  two  educting-valves  1  1  with  the  ind  uct¬ 
ing-valve  2,  in  order  to  give  each  opening  an  equal  area  with  a  given 
movement  of  the  valves,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,517. — Hiram  Moore. — Method  of  Operating  Pumps  by  Wind . — 

Patented  March  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  186.) 

A  plate  J  is  attached  to  the  shaft  F,  which  is  set  in  motion  (by  means 
of  gearing  I  H)  from  the  windmill- shaft  A.  A  spual-rib  Iv  extends 
backwards  from  the  said  plate  J.  This  rib,  as  it  revolves  together  with 
the  plate  and  shaft,  will  catch  over  pin  L  on  pump-rod  M  and  draw  it 
down  to  the  end  of  the  spiral  rib  at  b,  which  will  take  about  one  half  a 
revolution  of  the  shaft.  As  soon  as  the  end  b  of  the  rib  passes  the  pin 
L,  the  pump-rod  will  be  drawn  up  to  its  former  position  by  the  force  of 
the  spring  N,  which  bears  against  the  extension  P  of  the  pump-rod. 
Thus  the  water  will  be  raised.  As  the  velocity  with  which  the  water 
is  raised  corresponds  to  the  force  of  the  spring,  and  will  consequently 
always  be  the  same,  an  increase  in  the  velocity  of  the  shaft  f  will  cause 
the  rib  to  catch  the  pin  before  it  has  completed  its  upward  motion. 
Thus  an  increase  in  the  velocity  of  the  windmill  will  allow  a  smaller 
quantity  of  water  only  to  be  raised,  and  this  quantity  will  be  in  pro¬ 
portion  to  the  increase  in  the  velocity  of  the  windmill. 

Claim . — The  combination  of  a  compensating  cam  and  spring,  or  the 
equivalent  thereof,  for  operating  a  pump  driven  by  a  windmill,  substan¬ 
tial!)  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


XI. — HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS.  723 

No,  12,542. —  Jno.  P.  Cowing. — Device  Jor  Air-Chamber  of  Pumps. — 

Patented  March  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  186.) 

By  turning  valve  J  so  as  to  shut  the  vessel  F  air-tight,  (see  fig.  1,) 
or. by  turning  the  valve  so  as  to  effect  a  communication  b  b  with  the 
air  outside,  (see  fig.  2.)  the  pump  may  be  either  used  for  merely  draw¬ 
ing  water  or  as  a  force-pump  for  discharging  the  water  with  great 
force. 

A  is  the  pump-cylinder,  and  R  the  pump-rod. 

Claim — The  combination  and  arrangement  with  the  air-chamber 
or  vessel  F  of  the  pump,  having  its  delivery-spout  or  outlet  below,  or 
at  or  near  the  bottom  of  said  chamber,  substantially  as  shown  and  de¬ 
scribed  ;  of  a  hand  air- valve  or  perforated  nut  J,  at  or  near  the  top  of 
the  air-vessel,  for  the  conversion  by  hand  with  facility  and  despatch  of 
the  close  air-vessel  into  an  open  water  reservoir,  or  vice  versa ,  above 
the  discharge- outlet  or  spout  of  the  pump  ;  and  whereby  the  uses  of  the 
common  well  or  lift-pump  may  be  varied  with  despatch,  and  its  con¬ 
veniences  augmented,  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,544. — Chas.  G.  Custis. — Pump.-— Patented  March  21,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  186.) 

A  is  the  pump-barrel ;  C  the  induction-chamber.  The  leading- 
chambers  D  and  E  respectively  communicate  with  the  valve-cnam- 
bers  F  and  G  by  means  of  passages  h  i.  Chamber  C  communicates 
with  both  F  and  G  by  means  of  valves  Jcl  (opening  upwards).  Valves 
mn  lead  from  chamber  H  into  chambers  D  E.  K  discharge-pipe. 
B  induction-pipe.  The  upper  end  of  the  pump-barrel  communicates 
with  chamber  D  through  L  ;  the  lower  end  of  the  pump-barrel  has 
pipe  M  leading  out  of  it  and  into  chamber  E.  A  single  cap-plate  N 
covers  the  valve-chambers  and  the  top  of  the  pump-barrel. 

The  inventor  savs  :  I  am  aware  that  induction  and  eduction  valve- 
chambers  and  valves  with  their  case  have  been  arranged  on  the  side 
of  a  horizontal  pump-barrel,  midway  between  its  two  ends  ;  the  barrel 
being  made  to  communicate  with  the  valve-case  by  two  pipes  leading 
from  the  said  case  respectively  into  the  two  ends  of  such  barrel. 

I  am  also  aware  that  valves  and  their  chambers  have  been  placed 
at  the  lower  end  of  a  vertical  pump-barrel,  and  a  leading-pipe  used  to 
connect  the  valve-case  with  the  upper  part  of  the  pump-barrel  ;  the 
first  of  these  arrangements  only  requires  the  removal  of  a  cover-plate 
to  obtain  access  to  the  valves,  (such  cover-plate  having  no  connexion 
with,  or  forming  part  of,  the  cover-plate  of  the  end  of  the  barrel,) 
while  the  second  of  these  arrangements  rendered  it  necessary  to  raise 
from  the  valve-case  the  whole  pump-barrel  and  cap-plate  of  the  valve- 
case  in  order  to  obtain  access  to  the  valves.  1  therefore  do  not  claim 
either  of  such  arrangements ;  my  invention  having  reference  to  an  up¬ 
right  pump -barrel. 

1  claim  arranging  the  eduction  and  induction  valve-chambers  concen¬ 
trically  around  the  upper  end  of  the  pump-barrel,  and  with  respect  to 
one  another,  substantially  as  specified  ;  they  being  provided  with  valves 


724 


XI. — HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


and  passages  connecting  them  together,  and  with  the  two  ends  of  the 
pump-barrel,  as  described  ;  the  said  arrangement  admitting  one  cap- 
plate  to  be  employed  both  for  the  valve-cases  and  the  pump-barrel, 
and  at  the  upper  end  of  said  pump- barrel,  as  explained. 


No.  12,566. — William  T.  Vose. —  Pumps. — Patented  March  21,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  186.) 

This  invention  consists  in  an  arrangement  where  two  valves  in  or 
on  the  pistons  are  all  that  is  necessary  to  the  elevation  of  water  by 
means  of  two  pump-barrels.  D  is  the  induction,  E  the  eduction 
pipe.  The  operation  of  the  pump  will  be  understood  from  the  engra¬ 
vings. 

Claim. — Connecting  the  two  pump-barrels  at  the  adjacent  ends,  as 
described,  in  combination  with  net  only  arranging  the  valves  of  their 
respective  pistons,  so  that  one  of  them  shall  be  applied  to  one  or  the 
upper  side  of  one  piston,  while  the  other  is  applied  to  the  opposite 
or  lower  side  of  the  other  piston,  as  stated  ;  but  applying  the  educ¬ 
tion  and  induction  pipes  respectively  to  the  disconnected  ends  of  the 
barrels,  substantially  as  specified. 


No.  12,579. — Abel  Barker. — Botary  Pump. — Patented  March  27, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  186.) 

This  improvement  is  intended  to  prevent  the  water  from  being  broken 
and  beat  up  into  foam  by  the  rapid  movement  of  the  buckets,  as  would 
be  the  case  if  the  water  passed  from  the  induction  aperture  directly  to 
the  buckets.  The  water  in  this  pump  passes  in  an  unbroken  current 
from  the  induction,  opening  directly  into  the  mouth  of  channel  A*,  and 
follows  after  each  bucket  until  the  said  current  is  struck  out  and  car¬ 
ried  forwards  by  the  next  bucket  in  succession,  discharging  at  aper¬ 
ture  j. 

Claim.— Causing  the  buckets  c  c  c,  during  a  porDon  of  their  revolu¬ 
tion,  to  pass  through  an  enclosed  channel  k,  and  during  the  remainder 
of  their  revolution  to  pass  through  the  chamber  which  communicates 
directly  with  the  central  induction  opening  f,  substantially  in  the  man¬ 
ner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,601. — Thomas  Ling. — Self- Adjustable  or  Anchoring  Pump. — 
Patented  March  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  186.) 

The  end  of  pipe  E  is  so  constructed  as  to  discharge  the  water  down¬ 
wards,  and  it  has  the  plate  F  fastened  to  it  so  as  to  traverse  with  it, 
and  cover  the  opening  D,  when  E  is  raised  by  means  of  pump-lever  G. 
The  plate  F  also  serves  to  guide  and  steady  the  pipe  E. 

Claim. — 1  st.  Connecting  the  piston  or  stationary  part  P  to  a  wedge 
or  anchor  W,  by  a  flexible  joint  Y,  or  its  equivalent,  so  as  to  allow  tbe 
anchor  to  adapt  itself  to  the  bottom  of  the  well  without  cramping  the 

other  parts,  substantially  as  described. 

2d.  Connecting  the  anchor  to  the  cylinder,  or  moving  parts,  by  means 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


725 


of  the  projections  V  and  slotted  arms  w,  or  their  equivalents,  so  as  to 
draw  the  anchor  from  the  well  by  means  of  the  pipe  and  cylinder,  or 
moving  parts,  substantially  as  described. 

3d.  The  devices,  substantially  such  as  are  described,  or  their  equiv¬ 
alents,  for  guiding  and  steadying  the  upper  end  of  the  pipe,  and  dis¬ 
charging  the  water  downwards  into  a  box  having  an  opening  in  the  side, 
in  which  the  pipe  traverses,  closed  below  the  pipe  by  the  plate  F ,  or  its 
equivalent. 


No.  12,617. — Abel  Barker. — Method  of  Lubricating  Pistons  of  Air- 

Pumps. — Patented  April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  186.) 

An  opening  is  made  in  the  annular  part  of  piston  s,  and  it  is  covered 
by  the  inwardly  opening  valve  1.  As  soon  as  the  oil  that  has  been  in¬ 
troduced  above  the  piston  has  found  its  way  to  the  bottom  of  the  cylin¬ 
der,  it  will  be  perceived  that  it  will  be  at  once  forced  up  above  the 
cylinder  again  through  the  aperture  covered  by  valve  t. 

Claim. — The  transference  of  the  lubricating  oil  Irom  the  bottom  of 
the  engine-cylinder  to  the  upper  side  of  the  piston  thereof,  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  insuring  the  proper  lubrication  of  said  piston,  substantially  as 
set  forth. 


No.  12,625. — Kobt.  B.  G-orsuch. — Direct-acting  Hydraulic  Steam- 
Pumps. — Patented  April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  187.) 

When  the  plunger  M  is  nearly  down,  (see  figure,)  the  upper  end 
of  it  will  pass  the  holes  b  in  the  ring-packing  D1,  and  the  water  under 
pressure  (wbich,  by  means  of  a  pipe,  is  in  constant  communication 
with  the  space  around  said  packing)  will  rush  through  the  holes  b  ovei 
the  plunger  and  into  the  suction-end  of  the  pump-cylinder,  and  will 
not  only  prevent  or  destroy  the  vacuum,  but  will  also  act  suddenly 
upon  the  forcing-end  of  the  plunger  with  a  power  about  equal  to  that 
upon  the  forcing-end  of  the  plunger.  This  water  pressure,  acting  con¬ 
jointly  with  the  steam  at  the  moment  the  engine  is  taxed  to  move  the 
steam-valves,  in  addition  to  its  regular  load,  enables  it,  by  means,  of 
arm  R  on  the  piston-rod  C,  to  throw  the  steam-valve  D  with  unerring 
precision  across  the  openings  ;  and  at  the  same  time  the  water  from  the 
forcing-end  of  the  pump-chamber  having  been  driven  through  the  force- 
valves  a1,  the  motion  of  the  plunger  has  not  been  accelerated  to  such  a 
degree  but  that  the  reversing  takes  place  quietly.  The  returning  plun¬ 
ger  closes  the  holes  b  until  it  reaches  the  point  in  the  upward  stroke 
corresponding  with  the  one  represented  in  the  figure. 

Claim . — Effecting  a  water  pressure  upon  the  suction-end  of  the 
pump-plunger  M,  in  direct-acting  steam-pumps,  at  or  near,  the  comple¬ 
tion  of  the  stroke,  without  diminishing  the  resistance,  against  the  for¬ 
cing-end  of  the  plunger,  in  the  manner  shown  or  in  an  equivalent 
way,  for  the  purpose  of  closing  the  suction- valves  «,  filling  the  vacuous 
space  in  the  pump-chamber,  preparing  the  force-valves  for  opening  and 
acting  conjointly  with  the  steam  pressure  upon  the  piston  B,  whereby 
the  steam-valve  D  is  operated  with  precision,  whatever  may  be  its 
velocity. 


726 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


No.  12,631. — Benj.  F.  Joslyn. — Double-acting  Pump. — Patented 
April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  187.) 

This  improvement  consists  in  making  a  passage  or  water  way 
through  the  piston  and  the  end  of  the  cylinder,  by  attaching  a  tube  A 
to  piston  L,  extending  through  a  stuffing-box  in  the  end  of  the  cylinder, 
and  allowing  it  to  play  with  the  piston;  the  tube  being  provided  with 
a  valve  H  on  the  piston  to  prevent  the  return  of  the  water.  When  the 
piston  moves  upwards,  part  C  will  be  filled  through  valve  F,  water 
being  supplied  at  B.  When  the  piston  moves  downwards,  the  part  D 
will  be  filled  with  water  passing  through  tube  A  and  valve  PI,  whilst 
C  discharges  through  valve  E  to  the  air  chamber  M,  and  vice  versa. 

The  inventor  says  :  1  do  not  claim  placing  cylinders  in  any  par¬ 
ticular  position  in  regard  to  the  air-chamber  or  other  parts,  nor  the 
exact  form  or  proportions  of  any  of  the  valves,  tubes,  or  other  parts. 

But  I  claim  forming  a  direct  passage  to  admit  fluids  to  one  part  of 
the  cylinder  by  means  of  a  tube  attached  to  and  working  with  the 
piston,  and  passing  through  the  other  part  and  end,  when  applied  to 
double-acting  pumps,  as  described,  or  any  othtr  substantially  the  same. 


No.  12,645. — Arcalqus  Wyckoff. — Chain-Pumps. — Patented  April 
3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  187.) 

F  is  the  elastic  valve,  consisting  of  four  sections,  so  as  to  be  able  to 
move  upward  and  make  room  for  the  upward  passage  of  elevators  E. 
The  projecting  ring  G,  underneath  the  valve,  will  prevent  the  sections 
from  opening  downwards,  and  the  elevators  from  returning  back  with 
the  water  in  case  the  motion  of  the  chain  is  suddenly  stopped. 

The  engravings  exhibit  only  the  lower  half  of  the  chain  C  ;  the 
upper  half,  together  with  the  driving-wheel,  being  left  away. 

Claim  — The  application  of  an  elastic  or  other  suitable  valve  to  an  end¬ 
less  chain-pump  cylinder;  said  valve  being  arranged  so  as  to  be  capable 
of  only  opening  upward,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,753. — Rufus  Porter  and  Jonathan  D.  Bradley,  assignors  to 

Jonathan  D.  Bradley  and  George  Dennison. — Elastic  Tube  Pump. 
— Patented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  187.) 

The  conduit  A  from  the  well  terminates  in  a  coil  of  India-rubber 
hose  B,  of  sufficient  thickness  and  elasticity  to  resist,  when  empty,  the 
weight  of  the  air.  This  hose  is  firmly  attached  to  a  stout  helical  sur¬ 
face  C  C1,  so  that  when  traversed  by  a  roller  I),  its  several  parts  will 
be  successively  pressed,  and  will  in  turn  recover  by  their  elasticity  be¬ 
hind  the  roller,  thus  producing  a  vacuum,  drawing  the  water,  while  the 
roller’s  pressure  forces  the  water  which  is  before  it.  One-half  of  the 
helical  surface  or  band  C  is  fast  on  the  stationary  support  H,  the  other 
half  C1  is  attached  to  the  first  one  by  screws  E.  These  two  halves 
clamp  firmly  between  them  a  bead  F,  projecting  from  the  hose,  there¬ 
by  confining  the  hose  to  its  place.  When  it  is  desirable  that  the  spring 
of  the  hose  should  be  relieved,  or  that  the  water  should  recede  as  soon 
as  the  pump  ceases  to  act,  the  machine  is  so  arranged  as  to  produce 
what  is  equivalent  to  an  elongation  of  the  crank-arm;  to  wit,  the  crank 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS.  72? 

is  applied  to  an  eccentric  axis  of  the  roller,  (o  fig.  3,)  and  a  short  arm 
P  extents  from  the  crank,  so  that  it  will  in  a  little  less  than  a  semi-re¬ 
volution  encounter  a  fulcrum  Q,  projecting  from  the  supporting  arm  K. 
This  purpose  may  also  be  effected  by  an  eccentric,  in  or  by  cams  on 
the  main  axis,  allowing,  however,  in  such  case,  the  main  axis  I  to  re¬ 
volve  in  stationary  boxes.  To  equalize  the  resistance  to  the  roller,  the 
part  of  the  hose  where  the  helix  has  completed  its  circuit  is  made  ta¬ 
pering  to  a  less  thickness,  so  that  the  roller  coming  round  to  encounter 
again  the  resistance  of  ihe  one  end  of  the  hose,  will  at  the  same  instant, 
at  the  other  end,  have  the  full  spring  of  the  rubber  behind ,  but  not  the 
full  spring  before  it.  To  ensure,  however,  the  closing  of  the  tube  at 
this  cone,  we  fasten  under  it  a  lift  s ,  which  corresponds  with  and  com¬ 
pensates  this  diminution  of  thickness.. 

Claim—  1st.  The  mode  of  equalizing  the  resistance  by  a  truncated 
cone  of  gradually  diminishing  thickness,  by  which  the  roller  may  leave 
the  tube,  in  combination  with  a  lift  s  below,  as  herein  before  specified. 

2d.  The  relieving  the  spring  of  the  tube,  and  the  allowing  the  water 
to  recede  by  means  of  jointed  arms,  eccentrics,  or  cams,  as  herein  be¬ 
fore  specified. 

3d.  The  mode  of  attaching  the  tube  to  the  helical  band  by  means  of 
forming  the  latter  in  two  parts,  and  by  means  of  a  bead  or  moulding 
on  the  former,  as  specified,  for  the  purposes  set  forth  in  the  foregoing- 
specification. 


No.  13,007. — Edwcn  A.  Jeffery. — Double-Acting  Pump — -Patented 

June  5,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  187.) 

The  object  of  this  improvement  is  to  simplify  the  construction  of 
double-acting  pumps. 

C  is  the  piston-tube  ;  a  a 1  the  piston-heads ;  D  the  ball-valve  ;  H 
the  air-vessel. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  merely  substituting  ball-valves 
for  o  her  kinds  of  valves,  in  a  tubular  piston,  with  valve  seats  at  its 
ends. 

But  I  claim  connecting  the  piston-heads  by  a  long  tube,  having  a 
short  valve-chamber  near  its  middle,  with  a  single  ball-valve,  the  water 
passing  alternately  through  each  end  of  the  tube,  and  out  at  the  sides 
of  said  valve- chamber;  the  valve-chamber  being  so  short  that  the  ball 
will  exclude  the  water  from  one  end,  by  rolling  only  far  enough  to  ad¬ 
mit  the  water  fairly  at  the  other,  while  the  piston-heads  are  so  far  apart 
that  the  eduction- port  shall  always  be  embraced  between  them,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,214. — James  E.  Cronk. —  Device  to  allow  Escape  of  Waste- Water 
from  Pump-barrel. — Patented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  188.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  is  clearly  set  forth  in  the  claim. 
Claim. — The  valve  G  placed  over  the  outlet  passages  A,  leading  from 
the  chambers  c  d  e,  said  valve  being  attached  to  a  spring-lever  H, 
which  is  acted  upon  by  a  sliding-rod  1,  arranged  substantially  as  herein 


728 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


shown,  so  that  said  valve  will  be  closed  by  merely  grasping  the  handles 
M  M  of  the  sliding-rod  I  and  lever  D  in  operating  the  pump.  The 
valve  being  opened  when  the  handles  M  M  are  freed  from  the  hand  by 
the  action  of  the  spring  J,  as  shown  and  described. 


No.  13,219. — John  J.  Heard. — Ship-Pump. — Patented  July  10,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  1S8.) 

L  is  an  opening  in  the  gate  G,  which  serves  the  purpose  of  opening 
a  communication  between  the  passage  E  and  pipe  F  when  the  gate  is 
raised;  at  such  times  a  leather  washer  M  upon  the  step  lN  projecting 
from  gate  B  closes  the  bottom  of  the  water-way  C,  and  cuts  off  the 
communication  between  the  pump  and  the  well  D.  If,  now,  the  pump 
be  operated,  water  can  only  be  admitted  through  pipe  F,  wdhch  enters 
the  bilge  O.  When  the  gate  is  lowered,  passage  E  is  closed  and  the 
pump  is  brought  in  communication  with  the  well  D.  Thus  the  pump 
may  operate  either  upon  the  water  in  the  well  or  upon  that  in  the 
bilge,  as  may  be  required. 

Clam. — The  attachment  B  with  its  gate  G,  operating  in  the  manner 
and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,233. — Jos.  Smart. — Self -regulating  Water-Packing  for  Pumps , 
&c. — Patented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  188.) 

One  of  the  stuffing-boxes  B  is  above  the  cap  A,  as  in  ordinary  pumps, 
and  the  other  beneath,  leaving  a  space  I)  between  the  two  for  admis¬ 
sion  of  water,  which  is  supplied  by  a  small  valve  E  in  the  plate  of  the 
lower  box  and  opening  inward.  With  every  upward  stroke  of  the 
pump  a  fresh  supply  of  water  is  furnished,  completely  filling  the  space 
D,  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  the  admission  of  any  air  to  the  work¬ 
ing  chamber. 

Claim . — The  application  to  pump-caps  of  two  stuffing  boxes,  so 
arranged  one  above  the  other,  leaving  a  space  or  reservoir  between 
them ;  also  the  manner  of  supplying  the  same  with  water  by  means  of 
a  small  valve  on  the  lower  plate,  or  any  other,  substantially  the  same, 
which  will  produce  the  intended  effect,  as  described. 


No.  13,254. — Jacob  Edson. — Improved  method  of  Operating  Valves  of 

Pumps. — Patented  July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  188.) 

a  c  is  the  tripper  referred  to  in  the  claim ;  the  engravings  represent 
it  in  two  positions. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  a  tripper  for  the  purpose  of  open¬ 
ing  the  valves  by  the  descent  of  the  piston,  as  such  have  been  used 
before ;  but  I  claim  the  peculiarly  formed  tripper  described,  in  combi¬ 
nation  with  the  curved  cap  of  the  valve  D,  by  which  means  a  single 
tripper  is  made  to  open  both  valves,  in  the  manner  set  forth. 

1  also  claim  the  twisted  partition  Q,  for  the  purpose  set  forth,  where¬ 
by  the  cylinder  is  divided  into  two  water-passages,  which  deliver  the 
water  upon  the  opposite  side  from  that  on  which  they  receive  it. 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS.  729 

No.  13,273. — Oliver  Palmer. — Rotary  Wrecking-Pump. — Patented 
July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  188.) 

This  invention  consists  in  the  combination  of  an  angular  arm  or 
bucket  so  made  as  to  press  the  water  outward  from  the  shaft,  with  a 
spiral  partition  in  the  s action-pipe,  which  gives  the  water  an  initiatory 
rotation  in  the  direction  contrary  to  that  in  which  the  arms  revolve. 
This  is  for  the  purpose  of  causing  the  rotation  of  the  arms  to  force  the 
water  outward  more  effectually  than  it  would  do  otherwise. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  arms  B  B,  constructed  in  any  equiv¬ 
alent  manner,  with  the  spiral  partition  L. 


No.  13,299. — Jno.  A.  Burnap. — Double- Reciprocating  Split-Piston- 

Rod  for  Pumps ,  &c. — Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  188.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  will  be  understood  from  the  claim  and 
engraving. 

Claim. — In  reciprocating  rod-gear  of  valves  or  pistons,  operating  es¬ 
sentially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth,  the  double-reciprocating 
split-rod  gear  s  s ,  when  arranged  and  operating  longitudinally  side  by 
side,  as  described,  with  the  inner  faces  of  the  rods  bearing  against  and 
acting  as  long  moving  guides  and  supports  to  each  other,  to  strengthen 
them  and  prevent  lateral  shake  or  play,  while  their  exterior  is  bound  and 
tightened  by  one  packing-box,  and  the  two  rods  or  split  portions  s  s, 
with  their  respective  valves  or  pistons,  are  free  to  move  separately  or 
in  opposite  directions  to  each  other,  for  the  admission,  discharge,  or  cut¬ 
ting  off  of  the  gas  or  fluid,  or  for  operation  by  the  gas  or  fluid,  as 
specified. 


No.  13,370. — Henry  R.  Worthington. — Improvement  in  Direct- Acting 

Hydraulic  Steam-Pumps. — Patented  July  31,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 
189.) 

Suction- valves  a1  a, 2  admit  the  water  at  the  proper  time  from  supply- 
pipe  S,  and  force-valves  bl  deliver  the  same  into  discharge  pipe  F. 
Piston  P  keeps  the  opening  A  (in  the  middle  of  the  water-cylinder,  and 
connecting  with  the  force-pipe  at  B  by  means  of  connecting-pipe  H) 
covered  until  the  stroke  is  nearly  completed.  At  that  point  the  piston 
passes  into  position  represented  in  figure  1,  and  allows  the  fluid  from 
the  force-pipe  to  flow  through  H  and  A  into  the  chamber  behind  the 
piston,  for  the  purpose  of  relieving  the  resistance  at  or  near  the  end  of 
tire  strokes. 

Claim . — The  described  mode  of  counteracting  the  resistance  to  the 
motion  of  the  pump-piston  in  direct-action  pumping  engines,  by.  which 
the  steam-valve  is  moved  ;  that  is  to  say,  by  making  a  passage  into  the 
pump-chamber  or  cylinder,  so  arranged  that  said  passage  or  opening 
shall  for  a  time  be  uncovered  or  disclosed  at  or  near  the  end  of  each 
stroke  of  the  piston,  by  which  the  fluid,  which  is  beyond  or  above  the 
force-valves,  passes  behind  the  water-piston  and  makes  pressure  there¬ 
upon  in  the  direction  of  said  piston’s  motion,  for  the  purposes  set 
faith. 


730 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


No.  13,459. — Sylvester  H.  Gray. — Improvement  in  Pumps. — Patented 

August  2i,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  189.) 

By  arranging  racks  between  the  pistons,  and  making  one  piston  or 
its  attachment  serve  as  the  guide  for  the  other,  and  vice  versa ,  the  ne¬ 
cessity  is  avoided  of  having  the  rod  of  one  piston  work  through  the  rod 
of  the  other. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  operating  the  two  pistons  of  a 
single  cylinder  double-acting  pump,  by  means  ol  two  racks  and  a 
pinion,  when  said  racks  and  pinion  are  arranged  above  the  top  or  below 
the  bottom  piston,  and  the  rod  of  one  piston  passed  through  the  rod  of 
the  other  ;  but  X  claim  the  employment  and  arrangement  of  the  rod  C  C1 
and  pinion  D  combined,  between  the  pistons. 


No.  13,559. — Thos.  J.  Be  Yampert. - Double-Acting  Force-Pump . — 

Patented  September  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  189.) 

The  inventor  says  in  his  specification :  By  my  peculiar  arrange¬ 
ment,  as  shown  in  the  drawings,  1  can,  with  a  stroke  of  one  inch,  pro¬ 
duce  an  effect  equal  to  that  produced  by  a  stroke  of  four  inches  in  a 
common  pump,  with  a  plunger  of  the  same  area ;  while  this  proportion 
can  be  increased  by  adding  more  cylinders,  radiating  from  the  centre 
of  chamber  A,  and  connected  with  the  crossed-levers  by  suitable  con¬ 
necting-rods.  The  engravings  represent  two  cylinders  B  C,  with  the 
pistons  d  c,  connected  by  levers  IP  o  m. 

Claim. — The  system  of  crossed-levers  and  connecting-rods  herein  de¬ 
scribed,  when  placed  and  operated  in  the  intermediate  or  central 
chamber  A,  and  when  combined  with  two  or  more  pistons,. working  in 
cylinders  which  radiate  from  the  central  axis  or  fulcrum  of  said  levers, 
substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,622. — Samuel  Pearn. — Improvement  in  Ships’  Pumps. — Patented 

October  2,  1855. — (Plates,  p.  189,) 

The  object  of  this  improvement  is  to  dispense  with  the  usual  valves 
in  the  construction  of  pumps.  The  system  of  pipes  a  a 1  is  fastened  to 
a  proper  frame,  which  is  hung  in  journals.  By  swinging  this  apparatus 
alternately  in  opposite  directions,  to  an  extent  sufficient  only  to  enable 
the  water  by  gravity  to  run  alternately  from  the  pipe  of  one  series  to 
the  pipe  next  above  of  the  other  series,  the  water  is  elevated  and  finally 
discharged  above. 

The  inventor  says:  I  wish  it  to  be  distinctly  understood  that  I  do 
not  limit  myself  to  the  mode  of  mounting  the  said  pump,  and  oi  impart¬ 
ing  motion  thereto,  which  may  be  varied  at  pleasure. 

1  claim  the  combination  of  the  two  series  of  oppositely  inclined 
conical  pipes,  when  the  small  ends  of  the  pipes  of  one  series  are  insert¬ 
ed  and  projecting  within  the  body  of  the  pipes  of  the  other  series,  and 
vice  versa ,  with  sufficient  space  around  the  inserted  ends  for  the  return 
of  the  water,  as  the  apparatus  is  vibrated  alternately  in  opposite  di¬ 
rections,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS.  731 

No.  13,643. — Ellwood  Garrette. — Improvement  in  Vibrating  Pumps. 

— Patented  October  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  180.) 

Supposing  the  two-winged  pistons  f  h  k  g  i  to  be  in  such  a  position 
that  wing  f  h  is  close  to  m,  and  wingg*  i  close  to  n;  as  soon  as  axle 
k  is  turned  so  as  to  move  the  wings  in  the  direction  of  arrow  2,  the 
motion  of  wing  g  i  will  commence  to  create  a  vacuum  in  that  part  of 
compartment  d  which  is  in  rear  of  the  wing  and  compartment  e,  on 
account  of  the  communication  b  a  c  between  said  parts  of  the  two 
compartments.  The  water  from  inducting  pipe  g  will  enter  the  side 
passage,  and  (though  opening  b  c )  it  will  fill  the  compartments  d  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  piston  wing  recedes  from  the  opening  b,  and  it  will 
fill  the  compartment  e,  on  both  sides  of  wing/,  as  the  wing-valve  h  will 
be  free  to  open  in  the  direction  of  arrow  1.  When  the  wings  have 
finished  their  quarter  revolution  and  commence  their  return  motion,  the 
resistance  of  the  water  will  close  the  wing  valve  A,  and  thv  wing/; 
in  its  motion  towards  c,  will  force  the  water  (the  communication  of 
which  with  the  induction  pipe  is  cut  off  as  soon  as  wing /‘in  its  return 
motion  has  passed  the  indue! ion  entrance)  through  c  a  b  and  through 
wing  valve  i  (now  opening  in  direction  of  arrow  1).  By  the  time  the 
wings  have  returned  to  their  original  position,  the  water  (previously 
contained  in  compartments  e  and  d )  will  have  filled  the  compartments 
d  and  o.  When  the  wings  now  perform  their  second  stroke  in  the  di¬ 
rection  of  arrows  2,  the  wing  g  will  lilt  the  water  contained  in  com¬ 
partments  d  and  o;  and  by  the  time  the  second  quarter  revolution  in  the 
direction  of  arrows  2  has  been  completed,  a  quantity  of  water  will 
have  been  forced  up  through  the  eduction  pipe  to,  equal  to  the  capacity 
of  compartment  d.  At  the  same  time  the  compartments  e  and  d  have 
filled  with  water  in  rear  of  the  motion  of  the  wings,  as  above  described ; 
and  during  the  return  motion  of  the  second  stroke  (opposite  arrows  2) 
the  wmter  will  be  forced  in  front  of  the  wing  j  through  c  a  b,  and  valve  % 
into  eduction  pipe  m.  Thus  this  pump  is  made  double-acting  by  means 
of  two  valves  h  and  i. 

Claim . — In  vibrating  double-acting  pumps,  the  arrangement  of  the 
side  passage  a ,  with  its  openings  b  c  into  chambers  e  a  respectively,  in 
combination  with  the  vibrating  pistons/g,  having  their  valves  h  i  open¬ 
ing  upwards,  or  in  the  direction  of  the  outlet  of  tiie  water,  in  the  man¬ 
ner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,816. — D.  W.  Clark. — Improvement  in  Double-Acting  Pumps. — 

Patented  November  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  189.) 

A  represents  the  pump  cylinder;  B  the  valve  chamber ;  C  the  inlet,  # 
and  D  the  discharge  pipes;  and  E  E1  E2  the  three  passages  leading 
from  the  cylinder  to  the  valve  chamber. 

The  pistons  F  F  are  arranged  to  play  over  a  rod  passing  up  through 
the  centre  of  the  cylinder  to  near  its  top.  G  G  are  the  eccentrics  by 
which  die  pistons  are  operated;  they  are  connected  to  the  pistons  by 
links  H  H,  which  turn  on  the  pins  a  a  of  the  pistons  and  the  pins  b  b 
of  the  eccentrics.  These  eccentrics  have  cog  teeth  c  c,  and  conse- 


732 


XT. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


quently  both  operate  together  when  power  is  imparted  to  the  crank  I 
and  transmitted  from  it  directly  or  by  intermediate  cog  gearings  J  J  to 
the  eccentrics.  As  the  eccentrics  revolve,  one  of  the  pistons  is  caused 
to  descend  while  the  other  ascends,  and  water  is  discharged  through 
the  two  passages  E1  E2  and  drawn  in  through  E ;  and  as  they  continue 
their  revolution,  the  pistons  move  together,  discharge  the  water  which 
rushed  in  through  E  as  one  ascended  and  the  other  descended,  and 
simultaneously  therewith  draw  in  water  through  E1  and  E2. 

The  pins  of  the  eccentrics  (see  fig.  2)  are  set  so  that  they  shall  never 
be  in  line  with  each  other,  or  both  get  on  the  centre  at  the  same 
moment  ;  the  object  in  thus  arranging  them  is,  that  when  one  of  the 
pistons  has  just  completed  its  stroke  the  other  shall  have  commenced 
to  return,  and  the  pump  be  thus  prevented  from  losing  the  water,  as  a 
continuous  suction  is  kept  up. 

I  do  not  claim  the  mere  intermediate  arrangement  of  the  driving- 
gear  to  the  two  pistons  in  the  one  cylinder,  as  such  is  old;  neither  do  I 
claim  operating  the  pistons  of  pumps  by  revolving  cranks  or  eccentrics, 
whether  pitched  in  relation  to  each  other,  so  that  the  pistons  move 
simultaneously  in  opposite  directions  for  the  full  length  of  their  strokes, 
or  only  for  the  partial  length  thereof,  when  the  said  pistons  operate  in 
separate  chambers  or  barrels,  and  are  not  driven  by  intermediate  gear 
in  the  one  cylinder  or  barrel. 

I  claim  giving  to  the  two  reciprocating  pistons,  when  arranged  to 
move  in  the  one  cylinder  by  intermediate  gear,  as  specified,  a  simul¬ 
taneous  travel  in  the  same  direction,  at  or  about  the  period  of  change 
of  stroke  in  the  pistons,  while  for  the  remainder,  or  the  greater  part  of 
their  stroke,  they  travel  in  opposite  directions  to  effect  the  required 
double  action  specified  of  the  two  pistons  in  the  one  cylinder  or  barrel, 
and  whereby  the  one  piston  serves  to  follow  up  the  movement  of  the 
other  in  their  joint  action  upon  the  one  body  of  water  between  the 
pistons,  till  a  fair  hold  is  got  upon  the  water  to  render  the  suction  con¬ 
tinuous,  neutralize  the  effect  of  leakage,  and  prevent  the  formation  of 
an  air  or  vacuous  space  between  the  two  pistons  at  their  turning  stroke 
and  run  apart  from  the  water  between  them,  substantially  as  specified, 
by  means  of  the  revolving  eccentrics  G,  or  their  equivalents,  pitched  or 
set  with  lead  in  relation  to  each  other,  and  the  two  pistons  of  the  single 
cylinder,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,881. — Hosea  Lindsey. — Improvement  in  Pumps. — Patented  De¬ 
cember  4,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  189.) 

The  piston-rods  being  connected  by  the  guide-rods  G,  one  piston 
will  be  forced  outward  as  the  other  is  shoved  inward,  and  the  water 
will  be  forced  out  of  the  upper  end  of  pipe  C  in  a  continuous  stream. 

The  pipe  and  cylinder  can  be  turned  by  means  of  crank  D,  or  other 
contrivance. 

I  claim  the  horizontal  cylinder  E  and  pipe  C,  connected  as  shown ; 
the  cylinder  being  provided  with  valves  b  b,  and  piston-rods  F  F,  the 
piston-rods  being  operated  as  the  pipe  C  and  cylinder  E  rotate  by  the 
curved  flanch  I,  as  shown  and  described,  for  the  purpose  specified. 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS.  733 

No.  13,930. — C.  D.  Wright. — Improvement  in  Rotary  Pumps . — 

Patented  December  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  190.) 

The  hollow  shaft  E  serves  as  a  force-pipe.  When  mo!  ion  is  given 
the  shaft  E  and  sphere  C,  rotating  in  the  direction  indicated  by  arrow, 
(see  figure  1,)  a  suction  or  exhaust  is  created  in  the  compartment  /of 
the  shell  B  behind  the  piston  G,  and  the  water  will  pass  through  sue- 
tion  pipe  A  into  the  compartment  c  of  the  shell,  and  from  there 
through  the  opening  H  at  one  side  of  the  flanch,  enter  and  fill  the  com¬ 
partment  f ;  and  when  the  same  opening  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
flanch  passes  out  from  the  concave  a  in  the  inner  side  of  the  shell  or 
body,  the  water  will  pass  into  the  other  compartment  e  of  the  shell  B, 
and  will  be  forced  during  the  succeeding  revolution  of  the  sphere 
through  the  opening  H,  in  front  of  the  piston,  and  into  the  compartment 
b  of  the  sphere,  and  out  through  the  hollow  shaft  E.  When  the  open¬ 
ings  H  on  one  side  of  the  flanch  D  are  open  or  free  from  the  concave 
a  adjoining  them,  the  openings  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  flanch  are  cov¬ 
ered  by  the  concave  a  adjoining  them.  By  this  means  the  proper  cut-off 
between  the  compartments  of  the  shell  or  body  B  are  obtained,  flanch 
D  and  piston  G  working  water-tight  against  the  inner  side  of  shell  B. 

I  claim  the  construction  of  the  pump,  as  shown,  viz:  having  ihe  hol¬ 
low  sphere  C  placed  within  an  inclined  or  oblique  shell  B,  which 
forms  the  body  of  the  pump,  the  sphere  being  attached  to  a  hollow 
shaft  E  at  one  side,  and  communicating  with  a  section  pipe  A  at  its 
opposite  side,  two  opposite  sides  of  the  sphere  fitting  in  concaves  a  in 
the  side  of  the  shell,  the  sphere  being  also  divided  into  two  compart¬ 
ments  b  c ,  one  of  which  c  communicates  with  the  suction  pipe  A,  arid 
the  other  b  with  the  force- pipe  or  hollow  shell  E  ;  the  sphere  having 
a  flanch  D  attached  to  it,  which  divides  the  shell  or  body  B  into  two 
compartments  e /,  and  the  flanch  having  a  piston  G  working  in  it,  at 
each  side  of  which  aperiures  B  are  made  in  the  sphere  C,  the  above 
parts  being  arrayed, .  substantially,  as  shown,  and  for  the  purposes 
specified. 


No.  13,967. — Joseph  Weis. — Improvement  in  Suckers  for  Pumps. — 

Patented  December  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  190.) 

On  the  bucket  being  raised  in  the  barrel  A  the  pressure  of  the  column 
of  water  above  keeps  the  gum-elastic  E  tight  over  the  orifices  d  in  the 
hollow  cone  C,  and  prevents  effectually  any  escape  in  that  direction; 
while  the  same  pressure  also  causes  that  portion  of  the  gum-elastic 
which  projects  above  the  hollow  cone  to  bend  outwards  and  bear 
against  the  inside  of  the  barrel,  thereby  forming  a  secure  and  water¬ 
tight  packing.  On  the  descent  of  the  piston  or  bucket,  the  water  be¬ 
low  pressing  through  the  orifices  d  against  the  gum  elastic,  forces  the 
latter  inward,  and  causes  it,  at  the  spaces  intervening  between  the 
wines  of  the  wedge-shaped  block  G,  to  assume  the  form  shown  in 
dotted  lines,  and  thereby  allows  a  free  passage  for  the  water.  The 
moment  the  upward  stroke  commences,  the  gum-elastic  resumes  its 
former  position.  The  cylindrical  portion  D  serves  as  a  guide. 

I  do  not  lay  claim,  exclusively,  to  cone-shaped  elastic  substances  as 


734 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


self-packing  apparatus  for  pump-buckets,  the  same  having  been  used 
before ; 

But  I  claim  the  wedge-shaped  block  G,  with  any  convenient  number 
of  wings,  in  combination  with  the  perforated  hollow  cone  C,  and  the 
similarly  shaped  piece  of  gum-elastic,  or  other  similar  substance,  E, 
arranged  and  constructed  substantially  as  specified,  the  same  to  be 
applied  as  buckets  or  valves  for  pumps. 


No.  13,979. — Thomas  Crane. — Improvement  in  Rotary  Pumps.— 

Patented  December  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  190.) 

By  rotating  the  shaft  C  the  eccentric  hub  D  will  cause  the  annular 
piston  E  to  move  within  the  chamber  A,  the  periphery  of  the  piston 
touching  i he  inner  side  of  chamber  A  only  at  one  line  as  it  passes 
around  within  the  cylinder;  and  as  the  valve  or  cut-off  F  is  attached 
to  the  edge  of  the  annular  piston  E  by  projection  h  on  said  valve,  being 
fitted  loosely  in  the  annular  slot  a ,  a  reciprocating  motion  is  given  to 
the  cut-off  F.  As  the  piston  E  moves  in  the  direction  indicated  by  the 
arrow,  the  edge  of  the  piston  divides  the  chamber  A  into  two  compart¬ 
ments,  the  obtained  vacuum  being  the  suction  portion  ;  and  as  the  cut¬ 
off  F  moves  downward  in  the  chamber  B,  the  recess  d  projects  into  the 
chamber  A,  and  the  water  passes  up  through  the  suction-pipe  PI  into 
part  /’,  and  at  the  same  time  the  water  drawn  up  previously  is  forced 
out  of  the  other  compartment  g  by  the  movement  of  the  piston,  the 
water  being  transferred  from  the  suction  to  the  force- passage,  as  the 
outer  edge  of  the  piston  passes  from  the  point  k  to  the  point  i ;  and 
when  the  piston  touches  those  points,  the  recess  d,  is  withdrawn  from 
chamber  A,  so  that  the  piston  is  not  allowed  to  react  and  drive  the 
water  down  the  suction-pipe  H. 

I  do  not  claim  the  eccentric  hub  D  and  annular  piston  E,  for  they 
have  been  previously  used; 

But  1  claim,  the  combination  of  the  hinged  valve  F  with  the  eccen¬ 
trically  moving  round  piston  E.  when  said  valve  is  of  the  shape  repre¬ 
sented  in  the  accompanying  drawings,  and  is  so  arranged  in  relation  to 
the  pump-chamber  A,  the  off-set  chamber  B,  the  suction-pipe  H,  and 
the  eduction-pipe  G,  as  to  render  it  impossible  for  said  pipes  to  be  for 
an  instant  brought  into  connection  with  each  other  during  any  portion 
of  the  revolution  of  the  piston  E,  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,590. — Daniel  Bedford. — Apparatus  for  Discharging  Reser¬ 
voirs ,  etc. — Patented  September  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  190.) 

The  object  of  this  improvement  is  to  stop  off  the  connection  between 
the  outlet-pipe  b  with  the  reservoir  a ,  making  it  sufficiently  tight  to 
prevent  the  escape  of  noxious  gases,  and  retaining  a  large  quantity  of 
water  in  the  receptacle  till  the  discharge  takes  place,  when  the  whole 
contents  are  suddenly  disgorged  into  the  outlet,  which  acts  as  a  per¬ 
cussive  force  to  drive  off  all  the  more  solid  contents  of  the  receptacle. 

I  is  the  water  suppl}7-pipe. 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


735 


The  inventor  says:  I  lay  no  claim  to  a  float  for  either  opening  or 
closing  a  valve,  nor  do  I  claim  a  balance-valve,  when  the  levers  and 
weights  thereof  are  not  so  arranged  as  to  hold  the  v«lve  open  when 
opened  by  the  weight  of  water,  &c.;  these  being  old  and  well-known 
devices,  and  forming  no  part  of  my  invention,  which  is  the  tumbling  lever- 
valve,  and,  combined  therewith,  the  float. 

Therefore,  I  claim  the  mode  of  hanging  and  balancing  the  valve  r, 
by  means  of  the  lever  e  and  its  appurtenances,  in  the  manner  and  for 
tire  purposes  set  forth. 

1  also  claim,  in  combination  therewith,  the  float  g,  for  closing  the 
valve  c  when  the  whole  contents  of  the  receptacle  are  discharged. 


No.  13,126. — Moore  Bussell  Fletcher. — Tidal  Alarm  Apparatus. — - 

Patented  June  26,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  190.) 

When  the  tide  falls,  the  float  F  will  move  downwards  with  it  and 
turn  the  barrel  A,  which  will  put  in  motion  the  striking  apparatus  and 
wind  up  the  weight  G,  and  vice  versa ,  during  the  rise  of  the  tide. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  a  series  oflevers  or  hammers  applied 
to  a  bell,  nor  a  cylinder  with  tappets  or  pallets  to  operate  such  levers 
and  cause  them  to  be  successively  raised  above  and  allowed  to  fall 
down  upon  a  bell  or  a  series  of  bells. 

But  I  claim  the  improvement  by  which  the  bell  is  sounded  both  at 
rise  and  fall  of  the  tide,  meaning  to  claim  the  two  tripping  cams  n  o 
applied  to  each  hammer,  in  combination  with  the  float  F  and  weight 
G,  as  applied  to  the  barrel  A,  and  made  to  put  in  revolution  the  said 
barrel  as  described,  and  thereby  cause  the  tappet- cylinder  to  actuate 
the  hammers  either  during  the  rise  or  fall  of  the  tide,  as  explained. 


No.  13,446. — Caleb  Winegar. — Method  of  Drawing  Water  from 

Wells. — Patented  August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  190.) 

D  D  are  the  two  wires  with  the  weights  E  E,  which  wires  guide  the 
gate  B,  which  supports  the  bucket  A,  and  which  is  drawn  up  and  let 
down  by  a  chain  c  attached  to  the  said  gate. 

Claim . — The  guiding  of  the  bucket  by  means  of  two  wires,  or  their 
equivalents ;  suspending  two  weights  near  the  bottom  of  the  well,  in 
combination  with  the  gate-frame,  in  the  manner  described. 


No.  12,346. — Bichard  Peering,  Sr. — Current  Water-Wlieels. — 

Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  191.) 

The  object  of  this  invention  is  to  furnish  a  portable  water-power, 
connected' with  a  scow  or  vessel,  so  that  it  may  be  transported  from 
place  to  place  and  anchored  in  any  current. 

The  screw  or  worm  is  made  concave  on  the  side,  with  a  small  flange 
on  the  edge  for  the  purpose  of  retaining  the  water  as  much  as  possible 
an  the  screw,  which  would  otherwise  tend  to  fly  off  at  the  periphery; 
and,  as  the  power  of  the  current  on  the  screw  will  gradually  lessen  as 


736 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


it  progresses,  the  conical  centre  c  will  throw  it  towards  the  periphery 
of  the  screw,  where  its  remaining  force  would  be  most  available. 

Claim. — The  concave  flanged  screw,  in  combination  with  the  conical 
body  or  centre,  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

Also,  the  arrangement  herein  described  of  hanging  the  water-wheels 
and  other  machinery  in  framing  adjustably  connected  with  the  vessel 
or  scow,  whereby  they  may  be  raised  or  lowered,  for  the  purposes 
specified.  (See  engraving.) 


No.  12,420. — Thos.  Tripp. —  Water-Wheel. — Patented  February  20, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  191.) 

Claim. — So  constructing  the  buckets  that  the  direct  surface  (of  the 
warped  surface-bucket)  shall  receive  the  water  in  a  direction  normal 
to  a  plane  parallel  to  the  axis ;  and  the  reacting  surface  combined 
therewith,  having  its  central  line  equi-distant  from  the  axis,  and  at  the 
same  distance  therefrom  as  is  the  central  line  of  the  direct  surface. 


No.  12,569. — Oscar  Willis. — Centrifugal  Water-Wheel. — Patented 
March  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  191.) 

The  sides  of  the  nut  and  rim  of  the  wheel  which  form  the  sides  of 
the  bucket  are  bevelled  to  such  an  extent  as  will  give  space  for  the 
water  to  pass  off  without  offering  any  resistance  to  the  pursuing  bucket, 
and  at  the  same  time  to  present  a  surface  on  each  side  of  the  bucket 
diagonal  to  the  central  vertical  line  of  motion  to  receive  the  reactive 
power  of  the  water  acquired  by  its  spreading  on  the  bucket.  The 
buckets  range  on  the  top  of  the  wheel  on  a  line  in  front  of  the  centre 
of  the  wheel  tangential  to  a  circle  of  suitable  diameter  described 
around  said  centre,  so  as  to  receive  the  water  at  such  an  angle  as  will 
overcome  the  centrifugal  direction  it  has  obtained  in  passing  the  in¬ 
clined  ways  in  the  block,  or  bottom  of  the  forebay,  and  thus  prevent 
it  from  running  or  rushing  to  the  outer  edge  or  rim  of  the  wheel.  The 
wheel  is  shrouded  on  top  so  as  to  prevent  the  escape  and  loss  of  water 
in  its  applications  to  the  buckets,  and  to  prevent  injury  being  done  to 
them  by  any  hard  substance  hanging  between  them  and  the  inclined 
ways  in  the  block  or  bottom  of  the  forebay.  The  orifice  of  discharge 
from  the  block  is  so  proportioned  to  that  at  the  tail  of  the  bucket, 
that  a  column  of  water  about  one-third  less  in  size  than  that  of  the 
orifice  of  discharge  at  the  tail  of  the  bucket  is  all  that  can  be  admitted 
at  a  time  to  the  wheel’s  buckets.  The  buckets  are  set  in  the  nut  and 
rim  of  the  wheel  on  a  curved  line,  and  the  centre  part  of  the  top  edge 
of  the  bucket  is  bent  forward  in  the  direction  of  its  motion ;  so  that  the 
top  of  the  bucket  is  curved  on  its  edge,  and  the  upper  part  of  the 
central  vertical  section  of  the  bucket,  where  the  water  first  strikes,  is 
a  straight  inclined  plane  at  a  slightly-obtuse  angle  with  the  direction  of 
the  water. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  a  curved  bucket,  nor  do  I  claim 
bevelling  the  nut  and  rim  individually,  nor  do  I  claim  them  when  com- 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


737 


bined  in  such  a  form  as  to  facilitate  the  escape  of  the  water  only,  as 
this  has  been  done  by  Fontaine  Jonval,  and  others,  previously. 

But  I  claim ,  1st,  the  peculiar  double-curved  buckets,  in  combination 
with  the  bevelled  rim  and  hub,  or  nut,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  pur¬ 
poses  set  forth. 

2d.  I  also  claim  ranging  the  top  of  the  bucket  on  a  line  tangential 
to  a  circle  of  suitable  diameter,  described  around  the  centre;  its  inner 
being  in  advance  of  the  radial  line,  substantially  as  and  for  the  pur¬ 
poses  specified. 

3d.  I  also  claim  forming  the  annular  water-space  on  the  upper  side 
of  the  wheel,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  specified. 


No.  12,606. — William  S.  Smith. — Current- Wheel. — Patented  March 

27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  191,) 

d  are  braces  which  connect  the  paddles  c  to  the  upper  hub  a;  the 
lower  hub  a,  to  which  the  paddles  are  attached;  is  united  to  the  upper 
hub  by  means  of  bolts  b.  This  hub  a  a  is  movable  on  shaft  S,  and  can 
be  elevated  or  depressed  by  a  lever.  The  shaft  inclines  outwards  from 
the  bank,  so  as  to  bring  the  paddles  nearly  horizontal  when  they  reach 
the  water  ;  the  depth  to  which  they  are  permitted  to  descend  being 
regulated  by  means  of  the  sliding-hub,  which  can  be  maintained  at  the 
desired  height  by  a  pin  m. 

Claim. — The  construction  of  current- wheels,  with  heads  or  hubs 
movable  on  the  shaft,  as  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  12,779. — Jambs  B.  Hurt. — Mode  of  Applying  Eccentric  Wheels 
to  Water-Power. — Patented  May  1,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  191.) 

No  description  required. 

Claim. — The  water-wheel,  without  arms  or  main  shaft,  revolving  on 
fulcrum-wheels  underneath,  thereby  lengthening  out  the  lever-power 
near  the  whole  diameter  of  the  wheel;  the  thin  and  thick  interties 
shouldered  and  bolted  to  each  rim  ;  the  cast  segments  bolted  to  middle 
rim,  which  gears  into  the  cogs  of  wollower  on  horizontal  shaft,  extend¬ 
ing  across  on  the  inside  of  water-wheel ;  also,  the  two  revolving  ful¬ 
crum-wheels,  with  flanges  on  the  outside  of  each  wheel  to  keep  the 
water-wheel  in  its  true  position. 


No.  12,927. — John  Tyler. — Curbs  for  Water-  Wheels.—  Patented  May- 
22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  191.) 

This  improvement  enables  the  outer  extremity  of  the  lip  b  to  be 
brought  closer  to  the  extremities  of  the  buckets  than  it  would  be  safe  to 
do  if  it  were  a  solid  portion  of  the  curb.  Any  impurities  or  obstruc¬ 
tions  drawn  into  the  wheel  and  brought  into  contact  with  the  said  lip 
will  throw  the  lip  open,  (see  figure  1,)  and  thus  prevent  injury  to  the 
curb  or  buckets. 

Claim. — Combining  the  within-described  hinged-lip  b  with  the  curb. 

47 


738 


XI. — HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


of  a  water-wheel  in  such  a  manner  that  its  inner  curved  surface  forms 
the  termination  of  the  scroll  water-way  surrounding  the  wheel,  whilst 
its  straight  surface  forms  one  side  of  the  mouth  of  the  said  scroll  water¬ 
way,  for  the  purposes  herein  set  forth. 


No.  12,949.— Dean  S.  Howard.—  Water-Wheel. — Patented  May  29, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  191.) 

The  object  of  this  arrangement  of  the  buckets  and  plates  between, 
is  to  receive  the  direct  action  of  the  water  at  the  periphery  of  the  wheel, 
whence  the  buckets  verge  from  a  vertical  towards  a  horizontal  course 
along  the  shaft,  forming  a  double  conical  screw. 

Claim.— The  combination  of  the  curved  sides  and  twisted  buckets, 
whereby  the  w^ater  is  discharged  at  or  about  a  right  angle  with  its 
course  in  the  scroll  on  entering  the  wheel,  when  the  pressure  of  the 
water  is  applied  to  the  convex  side  of  the  bucket,  the  wheel  revolving 
in  the  same  direction  that  the  water  passes  through  the  scroll,  as  and 
for  the  purposes  described. 


No.  13,172. — Birdsill  Holla’. — Method  of  Regulating  the  Issue-Aper- 

iures  and  of  suspending  Turbine- Wheels. — Patented  July  3,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  192.) 

As  the  hand-wheel  P  is  turned,  the  action  of  the  screw  M  and  nut 
K  will  raise  or  lower  the  wheel  A,  and  thus  regulate  the  extent  of  the 
issues. 

Claim . — The  mode  described  of  opening  and  closing  the  issues,  and 
regulating  their  extent,  in  combination  with  the  mode  of  hanging  the 
revolving-wheel,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,280. — Willard  M.  Wheeler. —  Water-Wheel . — Patented  July 

17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  192.) 

The  rims  B  have  spaces  A  for  the  buckets  C  to  play  in.  The  buck¬ 
ets  (which  are  pivoted  at  E),  after  passing  guard  o,  are  opened  a  little 
by  the  springs  L,  when  the  water  catches  in  the  bucket,  and  throws  it 
open ;  the  pivots  ot  the  buckets  pass  through  the  rim,  and  are  fitted  to 
receive  arms  F,  which  have  friction- pulleys  C?  at  their  ends.  Around 
these  pulleys  there  is  placed  an  endless  band  D,  which  is  just  long 
enough  to  allow  the  buckets  receiving  the  action  of  the  water  in  the 
flume  M  to  be  open,  and  hold  the  others,  all  or  nearly  all,  closed.  The 
guard  o  fits  down  between  the  rims  to  the  body  ot  the  wheel,  and 
has  a  lip  extending  up  over  the  wheel  rather  more  than  the  width 
of  the  bucket.  In  the  guard  o  there  are  fitted  slides,  with  springs  to 
press  them  out  against  the  rims  to  keep  a  tight  joint.  These  slides  are 
made  large  enough  to  cover  one  of  the  spaces  A  at  each  side,  and  pre¬ 
vent  the  water  rising  around  and  over  the  guard  o. 

1st.  I  claim  closing  the  buckets  by  means  of  the  band  oi  chain  in 
connection  with  the  arms  and  springs,  operating  as  described. 


XI. — HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS.  739 

2d.  I  claim  the  guard  with  its  slides,  operating  in  the  manner  and  for 
the  purposes  described,  or  any  other  substantially  the  same. 


No.  13,287. — Henry  Van  De  Water. —  Turbine  Water- Wheel. — Pat¬ 
ented  July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  192.) 

By  raising  or  lowering  the  cylindrical  gate  E,  the  opening  for  the 
discharge  of  the  water  between  the  lower  edge  of  said  gate  and  the 
surface  of  the  cone  C  can  be  regulated.  The  chutes  or  guides  i  are 
curved  or  of  a  spiral  form,  corresponding  to  the  buckets  h  ;  and  at  the 
mouth  of  each  chute  there  is  a  slide  j,  which  is  connected  to  a  circular 
rim  I,  which  rim  can  be  raised  or  lowered,  (by  proper  mechanism,  not 
shown  in  the  engravings,)  so  as  to  increase  or  reduce  the  mouth  of  each 
chute. 

The  inventor  says:  I  am  aware  that  the  French  turbine  (Jonval’s) 
receives  power  from  the  water  the  same  as  mine,  viz  :  first,  by  gravi¬ 
ty,  and  then  by  suction.  The  first  column  operates  by  the  same  law  as 
in  ordinary  wheels  ;  the  second  part  of  the  column,  that  is  to  say, 
from  the  bottom  of  the  wheel  to  the  lower  part  of  the  fall,  would  in 
ordinary  wheels,  which  discharge  in  the  open  air,  be  of  no  additional 
effect  to  the  wheel,  as  the  water  would  leave  this  point  without  ve¬ 
locity,  and  would  only  fall  by  its  gravity.  I  do  not  claim,  therefore, 
placing  the  wheel  H  within  a  cylindrical  casing,  the  lower  end  of 
which  is  immersed  in  the  “  tail-water”  underneath  the  wheel ;  for  that 
has  been  previously  done. 

But  I  claim ,  first,  the  employment  of  the  guide  or  concave  conical 
projection  C,  at  the  lower  part  of  the  casing  A,  in  combination  with  the 
cylindrical  gate  E  ;  the  above  parts  being  constructed  and  arranged 
as  shown,  and  for  the  purpose  as  set  forth. 

2d.  The  chutes  or  guides  i  placed  above  the  wheel  H,  in  combina¬ 
tion  with  the  slides^',  which  form  a  gate  by  which  the  water  is  admit¬ 
ted  in  proper  quantity  upon  the  wheel,  and  tangentially  thereto,  as 
described. 

3d.  Surrounding  the  wheel  H  with  an  annular  chamber  or  recess  g, 
in  combination  with  the  buckets  h  of  the  wheel  H,  when  said  buckets 
are  formed  as  shown,  viz  :  with  smaller  spaces  between  their  lower 
ends  than  their  upper  ends,  for  the  purpose  of  causing  the  water  to  act 
upwards  against  the  lower  surfaces  of  the  buckets,  and  thereby  relieve 
the  step  of  the  shaft  D  of  the  weight  of  the  wheel  and  said  shaft,  as 
shown  and  described. 


No.  13,366. — C.  C.  Taylor.- — Improvod  Bucket  for  Water-Wheel. — Pat¬ 
ented  July  31,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  192.) 

Fig.  3  represents  a  section  on  line  x  x.  The  water  enters  through 
h  in  the  direction  of  arrow  1,  impinging  upon  e  with  direct  percussion, 
and  passing  from  the  bucket,  as  indicated  by  arrow  2,  when  it  favors 
rotation  in  the  direction  of  arrow  3  by  reaction.  After  the  water  strikes 
e,  the  centrifugal  force  due  to  rotation  carries  a  portion  of  the  water 


740 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


outward  into  the  conical  part  c  of  the  bucket,  upon  which  it  reacts  on 
leaving  the  wheel,  adding  to  the  reactive  power  of  the  wheel. 

Claim. — Swelling  the  outer  portion  of  the  bucket  into  a  conical 
surface,  as  described,  and  combining  the  same  with  the  double-inclined 
plane  e  d,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  specified. 


No.  13,458. — Wm.  Fields  and  Solomon  Gerhard. — Improved  Pressure 

Water-Wheel . — Patented  August  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  192.) 

The  valve  B  is  opened  by  the  inclined  side  of  each  bucket  when  the 
wheel  is  in  motion,  the  valve  being  pivoted  in  the  centre,  so  that  the 
pressure  of  the  water  above  the  valve  is  nearly  balanced,  requiring 
very  little  power  to  open  it. 

Claim . — The  combination  of  the  valve  B  with  the  buckets  A  upon 
the  wheel  D  revolving  in  the  case  C,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,685. — Hiram  Morris,  Elijah  K.  Gorton,  and  Edward  Saeger. 

— Impact  Water-Wheel. — Patented  October  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p. 
193.) 

Each  of  the  buckets  c  has  a  vertical  slot  through  its  middle  part, 
through  which  a  bolt  e  passes,  which  bolts  hold  the  upper  f  and  lower 
rim  g  together.  The  rims  have  segmental  incisions  a ,  which  receive 
the  flanges  of  the  buckets,  and  which  incisions  are  somewhat  longer 
than  the  buckets,  which  latter  have  the  same  curvature  as  the  incisions. 
Consequently  each  bucket  can  be  turned  towards  or  from  the  centre  of 
the  wheel,  so  as  to  close  the  buckets  or  open  them  more  or  less,  and 
they  can  be  fastened  in  the  desired  position  by  means  of  a  latch  h 
(pivoted  to  the  side  of  each  bucket)  taken  into  one  of  the  small  holes  b 
in  the  lower  rim. 

d  is  the  circular  concave  packing-ring,  which  is  to  guide  the  water 
into  the  wheel,  which  can  be  adjusted  higher  or  lower  by  means  of 
adjusting-box  P. 

Claim. — 1  st.  The  buckets,  so  constructed  as  to  be  adjusted  and  mova¬ 
ble  to  open  and  close  the  issues,  as  may  be  desired,  by  means  of  the 
circular  grooves  in  the  rim  of  the  wheel  and  flanges  on  the  buckets, 
and  the  studs  and  bolts  passing  through  the  buckets,  and  the  fastening 
the  buckets  in  any  desired  position  by  means  of  a  latch  and  catch,  in 
the  manner  described. 

2d.  We  claim  a  circular  concave  packing-ring  and  decking,  with  the 
adjusting-box,  constructed  in  the  manner  described. 


No.  13,793. — Richard  L.  Nelson. — Self -Feathering  Adjusting  Tide- 
Wheel. — Patented  November  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  193.) 

Hub  C  is  so  arranged  that  it  may  freely  slide  up  and  down  on  shaft 
B,  but  turns  with  said  shaft.  Rods  a  pass  through  said  hub,  and  two 
buckets  D  D1  (the  broad  surfaces  of  which  are  at  right  angles  to  each 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


741 


other)  are  attached  to  each  rod  a  both  sides  of  the  hub.  To  the  lower 
end  of  the  hub,  so  as  to  rise  and  fall  with  it  but  not  to  turn  around  with 
it,  is  arranged  a  segmental  cam  E.  As  the  blades  D1  (which  are  the 
ones  receiving  the  action  of  the  flowing  water  and  stand  perpendicularly 
therein)  strike  the  incline  b  of  the  cam,  they  turn  to  a  horizontal  posi¬ 
tion,  bringing  their  fellows  D  into  a  vertical  position. 

F  is  a  brake-disc  attached  to  shaft  B  ;  e  e1  are  pressing- wheels  ar¬ 
ranged  in  sliding  pieces  G  G1,  connected  to  levers  H,  which  latter  are 
pivoted  f  and  have  floats  I  I1  at  their  upper  ends.  When  the  current 
is  in  the  direction  of  arrow  1,  the  brake-wheel  e  is  drawn  away  from 
disc  F,  and  the  wheel  e  is  forced  against  it  by  the  power  of  the  current, 
carrying  with  it  float  I;  and  vice  versa ,  when  the  current  flows  in  the 
direction  of  arrow  2. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  floating  cam  and  the  floating  self¬ 
feathering  blades  or  brackets,  when  said  cam  and  blades  are  made  to 
rise  and  fall  with  the  rise  and  fall  of  the  stream  or  water  that  drives 
the  wheel,  substantially  as  described. 

Also,  in  combination  with  a  tide  or  current  water-wheel,  the  self- 
acting  water- brake,  for  causing  the  variable  force  of  the  current  to  be 
applied  to  the  regulating  of  the  speed  of  the  wheel,  substantially  as 
described. 


No.  13,895. — John  H.  Gatiss,  assignor  to  Abraham  Edwards. — Im¬ 
provement  in  Water-  Wheels. — Patented  December  4, 1855.  (Plates, 
p.  193.) 

A  represents  a  rectangular  box,  with  an  opening  B  in  its  centre  for 
the  expended  water  to  escape  from.  The  buckets  D  D,  etc.,  are  fixed 
radially  on  shaft  e1  by  means  of  arms  a  a ,  etc.  Tangential  with  the 
circle  described  by  the  outer  points  of  the  buckets,  are  placed  the  wings 
E  E,  etc.,  so  as  to  leave  water-ways  or  inlets  c  c,  cl  c1. 

F,  figure  2,  is  a  desk  which  fits  snugly  over  the  wings  E,  and  is 
fastened  to  it  by  means  of  screws  f  f,  etc.,  and  holes  i  i,  etc.  G  G  are 
two  segmental  pieces,  having  upon  them  the  gates  k  k,  etc.,  so  set  that 
they  will  slide  with  the  grooves  e  e ,  etc.,  in  the  wings  E,  and  close  or 
open  the  passages.  To  each  of  the  pieces  G  G  is  attached  a  rod  H, 
by  which  rods  they  can  be  raised.  The  shaft  of  the  water-wheel  can 
be  excluded  entirely  from  the  water  by  means  of  trunk  I.  Figure  3 
represents  the  shape  of  the  buckets ;  the  lips  or  flanges  b  b  are  for  the 
purpose  of  holding  the  water  to  the  face  of  the  bucket,  and  causing  it 
to  escape  to  the  centre  of  the  wheel ;  and  bringing  these  lips  to  a 
sharp  edge,  as  seen  at  b  b ,  prevents  the  formation  of  a  counter  current 
at  those  points. 

I  am  aware  that  centre-vent  water-wheels  have  been  used,  and  that 
the  shafts  of  such  wheels,  as  well  as  the  wheels  themselves,  have  been 
enclosed  in  a  flume;  these,  therefore,  I  do  not  claim. 

But  I  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  gates,  passages,  and  buckets  of 
a  centre-vent  wheel,  such  as  described  ;  so  that  the  water  may  act  upon 
each  bucket  simultaneously  and  with  equal  force,  first  striking  them  at 
their  very  lowest  points,  and  held  thereto  by  the  lips  or  flanges,  and 
then  escaping  to  the  centre  discharge,  as  set  forth  and  shown. 


742 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


No.  13,198. — Atchinson  Queal. — Impact  Water-Wlieel. — Patented 

December  11,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  193.) 

A  semi-circular  horizontal  rim  B  is  permanently  fitted  around  a  suit¬ 
able  framing,  and  has  two  plates  a  a  attached  to  one  of  its  ends,  which 
ends  form  a  quarter  circle  in  length.  C  is  the  wheel,  which  is  formed 
of  a  circular  head  D  fitted  directly  over  the  rim  B;  to  said  head  D  a 
circular  plate  E  is  attached  underneath  the  rim  B.  An  aperture  F  is 
made  through  the  centre  of  the  head  and  plate  E,  said  aperture  being 
made  through  a  solid  hub  b;  and  the  shaft  G  passes  through  this  aper¬ 
ture,  the  shaft  being  connected  to  the  wheel  by  pins  c,  which  fit  in  the 
sides  of  the  hub  b,  said  pins  projecting  from  opposite  sides  of  a  ball  d 
on  the  shaft. 

M  is  the  induction,  and  N  the  eduction  opening,  the  two  passages 
being  on  opposite  sides  of  the  partition  L.  The  water  acts  in  the 
space  between  the  head  D  and  plate  E  upon  one  of  the  buckets  H, 
which  descends  within  the  space  as  its  roller  / descends  the  inclined 
semi-circular  rod  J,  and  the  wheel  is  turned  in  the  direction  indicated 
by  the  arrow,  figure  f .  When  the  bucket  H  approaches  the  eduction- 
passage  N,  it  is  raised  in  consequence  of  its  roller  /passing  up  the 
inclined  rod  J,  and  the  water  is  discharged.  (See  arrow  2,  figure  2  ) 
The  other  bucket  is  operated  in  a  similar  manner.  By  this  improve¬ 
ment  the  water  is  not  allowed  to  act  laterally  upon  shaft  G,  and  con¬ 
sequently  under-friction  in  the  bearings  is  avoided.  The  head  D  and 
plate  E  are  also  kept  parallel  with  the  rim. 

I  claim  the  sliding-buckets  H  H  placed  in  the  head  D  of  the  wrheel, 
and  operated  by  the  inclined  semi-circular  rod  J,  in  combination  with 
the  partition  L,  arranged  as  shown  and  described. 

I  further  claim  attaching  the  wheel  C  to  the  shaft  G  by  means  of  the 
pins  c  c  fitting  in  the  hub  b,  the  pins  being  attached  to  a  ball  d  on  the 
shaft,  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,208. — Frank  G.  Johnson. — Self- Regulating  Wind-Mill. — Pat¬ 
ented  January  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  193.) 

The  inner  ends  of  the  sails  A  are  pivoted  to  (what  the  inventor  calls) 
the  spoke-wheel  h  (only  two  of  the  sails  A  being  shown  in  the  en¬ 
graving.)  This  wheel  h  is  keyed  to  the  shaft  JN.  The  regulating- 
wheel  c  and  the  brake-wheel  d  turn  loosely  on  the  same  shaft.  The 
inner  ends  of  the  sails  are  mounted  on  plates  P,  each  of  which  has  an 
arm  with  a  slot  S  fitting  over  one  of  the  pins  b  on  the  circumference  of 
the  regulating-wheel.  Bolts  d  are  attached  to  the  spoke-wheel,  and 
pass  through  slots  i  in  the  regulating-wheel,  so  that  they  do  not  inter¬ 
fere  with  the  motions  of  this  wheel;  on  their  outer  ends  (between  the 
regulating  and  the  brake  wheel)  they  form  the  fulcra  for  bent  levers, 
the  longer  arms  a;  of  which  carry  weights  at  their  ends;  the  shorter 
arms  of  them  are  connected  to  the  rim  of  the  regulating-wheel  by  means 
of  spiral-springs  o,  and  thus  they  (the  shorter  arms)  are  drawn  towards 
the  rim  of  the  regulating-wheel,  and  the  arms  x  towards  the  central 
axis  N.  But  when  the  velocity  of  the  wind-mill  increases,  the  weighted 
ends  of  the  arms  x  will  fly  out  by  their  centrifugal  force  ;  and  as  the 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


743 


shorter  are  pivoted  (in  e)  to  the  regulating-wheel,  this  latter  will  be 
moved  in  the  direction  of  the  arrow  y,  and  the  pins  6  will  move  the 
outer  ends  S  of  the  plates  P  around  the  centres  E  of  the  plates,  and  the 
edges  of  the  sails  will  turn  against  the  wind. 

The  shorter  arms  have  prolongations  g,  to  the  ends  of  which  cord s  j 
are  attached;  the  other  end  of  said  cords  is  wound  around  the  hub  m 
of  the  brake-wheel  d.  By  pulling  cord  il  the  arm  o  of  brake-lever  o  p 
will  press  upon  the  circumference  of  the  brake-wheel  and  retard  its 
motion,  while  the  wheels  c  and  h  pass  on.  The  cords  j  will  wind 
around  the  hub  of  the  brake  wheel  and  draw  in  the  arms  x.  Thus  the 
sails  can  be  turned  edgewise  to  the  wind,  and  the  mill  be  stopped 
whenever  desirable. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  as  my  invention  the  method  or 
principle  of  regulating  wind-mills  by  the  use  of  weights  or  governors 
revolving  with  or  by  means  of  the  wind-mill,  and  controlling  the  sails 
thereof  through  the  intervention  of  levers  and  cords. 

But  I  do  claim ,  1st.  The  combination  together  of  the  hub  or  spoke- 
wheel,  the  regulating-wheel,  (figure  3,)  and  the  brake-wheel,  etc., 
(figure  1,)  with  their  several  pans,  constructed,  operated,  and  con¬ 
trolled;  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  herein  set  forth. 

2d.  The  combination  together  of  the  weighted  levers  x  x  x,  the  hub 
or  spoke- wheel,  and  the  regulating-wheel,  (figure  3.)  substantially  in 
the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  herein  set  forth. 


No.  13,067. — Charles  E.  Webb. —  Wind-Mill . — Patented  June  12, 
1855.  (Plates,  p.  193.) 

The  claim  and  engravings  sufficiently  explain  the  nature  of  this  im¬ 
provement.  ' 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  anything  as  to  the  form  of  sails, 
as  my  invention  can  be  applied  to  all  kinds.  I  do  not  claim  the  gene¬ 
ral  principles  embraced  in  my  arrangement  of  mechanisms  for  ope¬ 
rating  wind-mills. 

But  I  claim  placing  the  two  cog-wheels  G  F  in  the  head  of  the  mill, 
so  that  they  shall  gear  into  each  other  in  the  centre  thereof,  and  bring¬ 
ing  down  the  power  from  said  wheels  by  an  oblique  shaft,  whose 
foot  or  bearing  is  vertically  beneath  the  teeth  in  contact  in  the  head  of 
the  mill. 


No.  13,156. — Addison  P.  Brown. — Self- -  Regulating  Wind- Mill. — 

Patented  July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  194.) 

The  outer  hinge  L  on  each  arm  I  of  the  fan  encloses  the  arm,  and 
has  in  it  a  helical  slot,  with  a  pin  in  the  arm.  The  hinge  itself  is 
heavy,  being  virtually  a  weight,  the  centrifugal  force  of  which  will 
tend  to  turn  the  fan  edgewise.  Any  sudden  impetus  of  the  wind  moves 
the  two  sliding-hubs  E  and  N,  overcoming  the  spring  F,  and  lifting  the 
weight  G ;  and  the  bars  G,  by  means  of  their  thimbles  H,  push  the  fans 
K  further  out  upon  their  respective  arms  I,  while  the  helical  slot  and 


744 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


pin  at  L  turn  each  fan  simultaneously  edgewise  to  the  wind  to  a  degree 
proportionate  to  the  force  of  the  wind. 

Claim—  I st.  The  helical  slot  and  pin,  as  a  means  of  governing  the 
degree  of  obliquity  of  the  fans  to  the  wind. 

2d.  The  combination  of  weights  with  the  helical  slots  and  pins,  com¬ 
bined  and  operating  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  13,244. — John  Elgar. — Self-Regulating  Wind-Mill. — Patented 
July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  194.) 

■  Two  wings  C  C  are  hung  with  hinges  by  their  edges  to  each  arm  of 
a  vertical  wheel,  independent  of  each  other,  which  may  revolve  about 
their  hinges  within  certain  limits,  and  are  kept  up  against  stops  in  their 
proper  angle  to  the  wind,  in  plane  with  each  other,  by  springs  acting 
on  the  back  of  the  wings.  The  wings,  which,  in  the  rotation  of  the 
wheel,  are  aft  of  the  arms,  are  held  up  to  their  stops  by  springs  so 
strong  as  to  yield  only  in  a  storm,  and  thus  relieve  the  wheel  from  too 
great  pressure.  In  common  winds  they  are  stationary,  and  furnish 
the  means  of  a  constant  power  to  propel  the  wheel,  while  the  wings 
which  are  forward  of  the  arms  are  held  up  to  their  stops  in  light 
winds  by  weaker  springs,  and  move  back  when  the  breeze  is  stronger. 

Cladm. — A  double  set  of  wings  attached  to  the  arm  of  a  wind- wheel 
and  to  act  in  the  following  manner  :  One  set,  those  that  are  behind  the 
arms  in  the  line  of  rotation,  are  stationary  in  their  plane,  except  in  a 
storm,  and  furnish  the  means  of  a  constant  power;  while  the  other  set, 
those  which  are  forward  of  the  arms  in  the  rotation  of  the  wheel,  are 
controlled  by  the  wind  and  springs  so  as  to  act  automatically,  even  in 
the  varying  impulse  of  the  wind,  and  relieve  it  from  danger  of  injury 
in  a  storm,  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,247. — Benjamin  Frantz,  assignor  to  John  Phillips. — Self- 

Regulating  Wind-Mill . — Patented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  194.) 

The  wind,  when  too  violent,  will  depress  the  fan  M  and  lever  K,  and 
regulate  the  position  of  the  fans  G  by  the  operation  of  the  intermediate 
parts  mentioned  in  the  claim. 

Claim . — Making  a  direct  use  of  the  wind  itself  for  governing  wind¬ 
mills,  by  means  of  the  wind-lever  K,  or  its  equivalent,  connecting  rods 
m  m,  collar  I,  and  strap-rods  e  e,  in  combination  with  the  wings  G  G, 
substantially  in  the  manner  set  forth. 


No.  13,268. — J.  S.  Morgan. —  Wind- Mill. — Patented  July  17,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  194.) 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  separately  forming  the  wings  or 
sails  in  pairs,  and  connecting  the  same  by  pinions  so  that  the  two  parts 
of  the  sails  or  wings  will  move  simultaneously  towards  and  from  each 
other,  for  this  has  been  previously  done  ;  but  for  the  purpose  only  of 
allowing  the  sails  to  close  when  moving  against  the  wind,  and  to  open 


XI. - HYDRAULICS  AND  PNEUMATICS. 


745 


when  acted  upon  by  the  wind,  there  being  no  device  applied  for  the 
purpose  of  regulating  the  wings  or  sails  to  insure  an  equal  motion  of 
the  mill. 

I  claim  connecting  the  weights  m  to  the  wings  or  sails  h  by  means  of 
the  cords  or  chains  j  i ,  said  wings  or  sails  being  arranged  in  pairs  and 
connected  by  pinions  g  g  and  weights  and  cords  or  chains,  arranged 
substantially  as  shown  and  described. 


No.  13,288, — Jos.  Dickinson  and  Oliver  White. - Self-Regulating 

Wind-Mill. — Patented  July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  194.) 

When  the  wind,  acting  against  the  face-plate  F,  becomes  sufficiently 
strong,  it  will  overcome  the  action  of  spring  I,  and  push  back  the  plate, 
and  turn  the  vanes  C,  as  they  are  connected  with  the  plate  by  means 
of  cranks  H  and  rods  G. 

The  figure  represents  a  plan  of  the  machine. 

Claim. — Applying  to  a  wind-mill  or  motor  a  governor  or  regulator, 
which  shall  change  the  angle  of  the  vanes  with  the  plane  of  the  pe- 
ripher}7  of  the  wheel,  thus  regulating  the  force  of  the  wind  upon  them, 
by  the  force  of  the  wind  or  motive  power  alone,  by  means  of  the  face¬ 
plate  F,  spring  I,  rods  G,  and  cranks  H,  or  their  equivalents,  consti¬ 
tuting  an  arrangement  effecting  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,969. — Jeremiah  Burnite,  assignor  to  Himself  and  James 

Clark. — Improved  Arrangements  and  Combinations  of  Machinery 
for  Regulating  Velocity  of  Wind-Wheels. — Patented  December  18, 

1855.  (Plates,  p.  194.) 

The  plates  L  and  D  (to  which  latter  is  secured  the  wind-wheel  frame 
A)  are  keyed  to  shaft  C  ;  the  shafts  E  and  F  revolve  with  shaft  C  with¬ 
out  revolving  on  their  own  geometrical  axes ;  and  wheels  I  and  K,  being 
in  gear  with  the  cog-wheels  M  and  N,  revolve  around  their  own  axes 
at  the  same  time  they  revolve  around  shaft  C.  The  cogged-rim  P1  is 
fastened  to  the  frame  of  the  machine  by  pillars  O1;  and  the  wheels  M1 
N1,  on  the  same  shafts  with  wheels  M  and  N,  play  respectively  around 
the  outer  and  inner  circumference  of  rim  P1.  When,  through  the  in¬ 
creasing  force  of  the  wind,  the  wind-wheel  makes  more  revolutions 
than  required,  then  the  balls  O,  by  their  contrifugal  power,  will  rise, 
and  by  means  of  the  links  P,  they  will  raise  the  plate  Q.  The  plate  R 
is  firmly  connected  with  plate  Q  by  means  of  rods  h,  which  pass 
through  holes  in  disc  S.  Two  other  discs,  k  and  l,  are  secured  together 
firmly  by  means  of  braces  T.  On  the  lower  disc  K  rests  a  vertical  rod 
q,  which  is  also  held  by  the  upper  disc  1.  When,  by  the  rising  of  disc 
R,  the  discs  k  and  l  are  raised,  the  rod  q  is  raised  with  them,  and  striking 
with  its  head  against  cross-piece  p,  which  connects  the  two  cylinders  d, 
it  thus  strikes  the  pieces  gl  and  with  it  the  clutch  ml,  when,  at  the 
same  time,  it  lowers  g  and  the  clutch  m,  so  that  the  recess  in  clutch  m 
will  catch  the  pin  projecting  from  wheel  K,  causing  the  wheel  K  and 
shaft  F  to  revolve  with  the  clutch.  Thus  a  revolving  motion  will  be 
imparted  to  wheel  U,  which  latter  is  provided  with  cogs  on  its  inner 


746 


XII. - MECHANICAL  POWERS. 


periphery,  where  it  is  acted  upon  by  one  of  the  wheels  G  or  H ;  besides 
these,  it  is  provided  on  its  lower  periphery  with  bevelled  cogs, 
which  act  on  the  bevel-wheels  n  on  screw-shafts  X,  one  to  each  of  the 
said  frames  W.  As  soon  as  the  bevel-wheels  and  screw-shafts  revolve, 
the  said  screw-shafts  (passing  through  nuts  V,  attached  to  trames  W) 
move  the  sliding  frames  W  radially  inward,  so  as  to  diminish  the  lever¬ 
age  of  the  sails,  and  consequently  to  retard  the  motion  of  the  wind- 
wheel.  It  will  be  understood  that  when  the  wind  becomes  too  weak 
the  clutch  m  will  have  risen,  and  clutch  m1  will  sink  and  clutch  the 
wheel  I,  and  wdieel  G  will  move  plate  U  in  the  opposite  direction,  and 
the  screw-shafts  X  will  move  the  sail-frames  radially  outwards  so  as 
to  increase  their  leverage. 

During  the  movement  just  described,  the  sails  themselves  undergo 
a  change.  Each  of  the  wings  consists  of  two  separate  frames,  one  of 
which  is  movable  in  shaft  u ,  the  other  stationary.  The  two  frames 
have  alternate  square  openings,  so  as  to  present  one  continuous  surface 
when  the  wind  acts  with  average  force.  When  screw-shaft  X  moves 
the  sliding  frame  inward,  the  bevel-wheel  r  is  turned  by  running  over 
rack  5,  and  thus  t  is  turned  together  with  screw-shaft  u,  which  latter, 
by  passing  through  a  nut  attached  to  the  movable  one  of  the  two  sail- 
frames,  depresses  said  movable  sail- frame  so  that  the  openings  in 
the  two  frames,  after  a  certain  movement,  correspond  together ;  and 
thus  the  surface  of  the  wing  on  which  the  wind  can  act  will  be  re¬ 
duced,  and  the  motion  of  the  wing  will  also  be  retarded. 

Claim . — First,  causing  the  vanes  or  sails  to  traverse  automatically 
from  or  towards  the  centre  of  the  wind-wheel,  by  means  substantially 
such  as  described  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth;  also,  in  connexion 
with  the  centripetal  and  centrifugal  traversing  of  the  sails,  or  vanes, 
the  vertical  adjustment  of  the  same,  viz  :  causing  the  double  lattices,  ol 
which  the  vanes  are  composed,  to  expose  more  or  less  surface  to  the 
wind,  by  making  the  slats  of  one  cover  more  or  less  the  openings  in  the 
other,  substantially  as  described. 


XII.— MECHANIC  AL  POWERS. 


No.  12,732. — Lewis  Smith. — Compensation  Bearings. — Patented  April 
17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  195.) 

A  represents  part  of  a  cross-head,  and  C  C  the  bearings  or  gib  of 
the  slide  B.  C  C  are  made  of  brass  ;  the  bars  D  D,  forming  a  toggle 
joint,  are  of  iron.  If  the  brasses  bear  too  heavily  on  the  slide,  the  heat 
produced  by  undue  friction  will  cause  the  brasses  to  expand  more 
than  the  bars,  and  thus  the  toggle  joint  will  be  allowed  to  straighten, 
and  the  gib  to  move  slightly  away  from  the  slide.  The  same  princi¬ 
ple  can  be  applied  to  journal-boxes,  &c. 

Claim . — Relieving  bearings  of  machinery  from  undue  pressure,  and 
consequent  friction,  by  means  of  the  different  expansion  of  two  or  more 


XII. - MECHANICAL  POWERS. 


747 


different  metals  ;  the  parts  being  constructed,  combined,  and  operating 
substantially  as  herein  set  forth,  or  in  any  other  manner  substantially 
the  same. 


No.  12,928. — Jonathan  Whipple,  Jr. — Improved  Self-Acting  Nipper- 

Block. — Patented  May  22,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  195.) 

The  part  E  of  lever  E  D  has  on  its  upper  side  a  groove  (terminating 
into  a  fork  F).  The  rope  passes  freely  between  the  fork  and  between 
the  said  groove  and  the  groove  of  the  pulley  A,  when  travelling  in  the 
hoisting  direction  (see  arrow  x ).  As  soon  as  the  drawing  power  and 
the  hoisting  ceases,  and  the  rope  tends  to  move  back  in  the  direction 
of  arrow  y,  the  ratchet-wheel  R,  on  the  axis  of  pulley  A,  acts  upon 
pawl  C,  thereby  depresses  the  arms  D  of  lever  D  E,  presses  arm  E 
upwards,  and  clamps  the  rope  tight  between  the  two  grooves. 

Claim. — The  construction  of  the  self-acting  nipper-block  with  one 
wheel  or  pulley,  combined  with  a  ratchet-wheel,  pawds  and  levers,  and 
jaw  or  nipper,  substantially  as  set  forth  and  described. 


No .  13,976. — Beni  jah  J .  B  itrnett  .  — Improvem  ent  in  Cranes . — P atented 
December  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  195.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claims 
and  engravings. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  pendant  segmental  traveller  E,  freely  suspended 
and  balanced  from  the  jib  and  top  of  the  tower  by  means  of  the  main 
braces  B  and  back-stays  A,  arranged  to  spread  outwards  from  towards 
the  top  downwards,  as  shown  and  described,  and  whereby  the  “trip¬ 
ping  out”  or  lateral  displacement  of  the  foot  of  the  crane  or  segmental 
traveller  E  is  obviated,  all  twisting  or  binding  avoided,  and  a  perfecily 
free  but  steady  action  given  the  same,  either  as  regards  pressure  in  the 
vertical  direction  transferred  to  the  top  of  the  tower,  or  horizontal 
swing,  as  set  forth. 

2d.  The  combination  and  arrangement  with  the  segmental  traveller 
E,  or  swinging  foot  of  the  crane  of  the  circular  or  revolving  frame  H, 
of  anti-friction  rollers  v  freely  suspended  on  the  tower,  and  rotating 
round  the  same,  together  with  the  swinging  foot  or  segmental  traveller, 
by  the  horizontal  pressure  of  the  latter  on  the  rollers,  in  contact  with 
their  bite,  on  or  against  the  fixed  belt  x  surrounding  the  tower,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  shown  and  described  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  1 2,288. — Isaac  J.  Cole. —  Improved  Compound  Crow-Bar. — Patented 
January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  195.) 

This  instrument  is  particularly  designed  for  use  on  railroads,  in  as¬ 
sisting  to  lift  the  wheels  of  locomotives  when  off  the  track. 

The  inventor  savs :  1  do  not  claim  the  combination  of  the  two  levers 
B  C,  as  such  a  combination  is  well  known  ;  but  I  claim  the  combination 
of  two  levers  B  C,  the  latter  having  a  circular  projection  G  on  its  lower 


748 


XII. — MECHANICAL  POWERS. 


side,  with  the  head-block  A,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  sub¬ 
stantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,269. — Edward  Mingay. — Improvement  in  Derricks. — Patented 

July  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  196.) 

By  winding  up  rope  k  by  turning  windlass  f  the  long  arm  of  lever  h 
will  be  depressed,  and  weight  l  quickly  elevated,  while,  at  the  same 
time,  windlass  g  being  operated,  also  assists  in  raising  the  weight ;  alter 
the  weight  has  been  raised,  h  can  be  elevated  to  its  original  position  by 
means  of  rope  r. 

Claim. — Attaching  to  a  derrick  a  lever  h,  having  its  fulcrum  i  in  the 
boom  c  of  the  same,  and  actuated  by  a  rope  h  and  windlass  /,  substan¬ 
tially  as  described. 


No.  13,813  — G.  W.  Bigelow. — Improvement  in  Cutting  Teeth  of  Gear- 

Wheels. — Patented  November  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  196.) 

The  blank  B1  is  secured  to  the  upper  end  of  shaft  U,  and  the  cutter 
C1  to  the  slide  G.  Motion  being  given  the  driving-shaft  I,  the  shaft 
C  will  rotate,  and  pinion  F  will  force  down  the  slide  G.  When  the 
cutter  has  performed  its  work,  one  of  the  smooth  portions  ol  the  pe¬ 
riphery  of  pinion  F  will  come  in  contact  with  rack  d,  and  spring  H  will 
throw  up  the  slide  G  to  its  original  position.  Just  previous  to  the 
termination  of  the  downward  stroke  of  the  slide,  one  of  the  pins  i  will 
catch  into  recess  h  in  arm  Z,  and  will  raise  bar  Y  ;  and  the  belt  R, 
(which  passes  around  pulley  P  and  a  pulley  at  the  end  of  shaft  C,) 
while  the  slide  G  is  descending,  will  wind  up  the  coil-spring  Q,  the 
shaft  M  being  prevented  from  turning  in  consequence  of  the  pawl  X 
bearing  against  one  of  the  projections  e  on  plate  O.  As  soon  as  slide 
G  is  thrown  up  by  spring  H,  the  pin  i  will  pass  out  of  recess  h ,  and  bar 
Y  will  fall  and  strike  upon  the  outer  end  of  pawl  X,  and  throw  the  inner 
end  free  from  the  projection  e;  and  the  coil-spring  Q  will  then  rotate 
the  shaft  M  about  half  a  revolution,  until  the  pawl  catches  against  the 
other  projection  e,  and  shaft  L  will  also  be  rotated  in  consequence  of 
gear-wheels  N  N,  and  screw  S  will  turn  the  worm-wheel  T,  and  the  blank 
will  be  turned  a  requisite  distance,  preparatory  to  the  next  cut  of  the 
cutter.  The  blank  may  be  turned  a  greater  or  less  distance  at  each 
stroke  of  the  slide  by  placing  different  sized  wheels  N  N  upon  the 
shafts  L  M. 

Claim. — Giving  the  blank  or  wheel  to  be  cut  an  automatic  feed-mo¬ 
tion,  by  means  of  the  pulley  P  on  the  shaft  M,  said  pulley  having  a 
coil-spring  Q  within  it;  the  screw  S  on  shaft  L,  the  worm-wheel  T  on 
the  lower  ends  of  the  shaft  U,  and  the  circular  plate  O  having  pro¬ 
jections  e  e  upon  its  periphery,  and  the  pawl  X  and  bar  Y  provided 
with  the  arm  Z,  the  arm  being  operated  by  the  pins  i  on  the  inner  side 
of  the  pulley  D  ;  the  parts  being  arranged  substantially  as  shown  and 
described. 


XII. - MECHANICAL  POWERS.  749 

No.  12,280. — Samuel  Gibson  Jones. — Improvement  in  Lifting- J acls. — 

Patented  January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  196.) 

The  weight,  which  is  supported  by  the  forked-end  g,  is  lifted  by 
bringing  the  long  arm  of  lever  C  from  position  figure  1  into  position 
figure  2. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  either  of  the  three  parts  ABC, 
irrespective  of  their  relation  and  adaptation  to  each  other. 

1  claim  the  peculiar  manner  in  which  I  combine  the  main  post  A,  the 
sliding-piece  B,  and  the  bent-lever  C  ;  the  fulcrum  of  the  said  lever  C 
being  placed  near  the  lower  end  of  the  main  post,  and  its  weight-point 
e  adjustably  connected  with  the  sliding-piece  B  by  means  of  the  holes 
/,  near  the  lower  end  of  the  said  sliding-piece,  whilst  the  upper  end  of 
the  same  piece  is  adaped  to  slide  within  the  loop  c,  formed  on  the  upper 
end  of  the  main  post,  all  as  and  for  the  purpose  described. 


No.  12,345. — Nelson  B.  Carpenter  and  John  Powers. — Improved 
Lifting- Jack  for  Moving  Rail-Cars. — Patented  February  6,  1855. — 
(Plates,  p.  196.) 

The  slide  is  placed  underneath  the  weight  to  be  raised,  and  the  screws 
B  B  of  the  two  jacks  are  then  turned,  and  the  two  jacks,  frame  and  slide, 
with  the  weight,  will  be  raised.  When  sufficiently  raised,  the  screw- 
rod  G  is  turned,  and  the  slide  E,  with  the  weight  upon  it,  may  be  moved 
laterally. 

The  inventors  say:  We  do  not  claim  the  jacks  A  A  separately,  for 
they  are  well  known  and  in  common  use;  neither  do  we  claim  the  com¬ 
bining  in  the  same  machine  of  any  mechanical  powers  for  giving  a  ver¬ 
tical  and  lateral  motion  to  the  object  or  article  to  be  adjusted ;  nor  do  we 
claim  the  slide  E,  separately,  or  in  itself  considered.  But  we  claim  the 
improved  jack,  contructed  substantially  as  shown  and  described,  viz: 
connecting  two  ordinary  screw-jacks  A  A  fiy  a  frame  C,  provided  with 
an  arch  D,  and  having  a  slide  E  fitted  on  the  upper  part  of  the  frame  C, 
the  slide  being  connected  to  the  frame,  as  herein  shown,  and  operated 
by  a  horizontal  screw  G,  for  raising  and  adjusting  railroad  cars  upon 
the  track,  and  other  analogous  purposes. 


No.  12,464. — Thomas  C.  Ball. — Improvement  in  Jack-Screws. — 

Patented  February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  196.) 

By  turning  the  outer  screw,  both  screws  are  elevated  in  the  time 
usually  employed  to  elevate  a  single  screw,  and  they  are  elevated  to 
double  the  height  acquired  by  the  ordinary  jack-screw.  While  the 
load  rests  upon  screw  C,  and  prevents  the  same  from  revolving,  the 
tubular  screw  B  is  left  free  to  be  revolved  ;  and  while  working  within 
A,  and  elevating  by  means  of  its  right-hand  thread,  it  also,  at  the  same 
time,  operates  upon  the  interior  screw  C,  by  means  of  its  left  hand 
thread,  and  thus  also  elevates  C. 

The  inventor  says:  1  do  not  claim  the  invention  of  jack-screws,  nor 
any  of  the  forms  thereof  heretofore  used,  and  I  am  awaie  that  a  jack- 


750 


XII. - MECHANICAL  POWERS. 


screw  has  been  constructed  in  which  the  centre  piece  has  two  opposite 
threaded  screws,  one  on  each  end,  and  working  in  two  female  screws, 
one  above  and  the  other  below. 

But  I  claim,  the  combination  of  the  tubular  screw  B  with  the  stand¬ 
ard  A  and  the  inner  screw  C  ;  the  whole  being  arranged  substantially 
as  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,783. — John  Fouser.' — Improvement  in  Supporting- Jacks. — 

Patented  November  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  196.) 

It  will  be  seen  that  by  means  of  the  two  sliding-blocks  B  C,  and  by 
placing  the  fulcrum  D  of  lever  E  in  one  or  the  other  of  the  recesses  e, 
and  operating  the  screw-coupling  H,  the  outer  point  of  the  lever  E, 
which  supports  the  load,  may  be  raised  or  lowered,  or  projected  more 
or  less  forward,  at  pleasure. 

Claim. — The  lever  E,  with  its  sliding-block  B,  having  any  conveni¬ 
ent  number  of  recesses  e,  in  combination  with  the  adjustable  screw- 
coupling  H  and  its  sliding  block  C,  arranged  and  constructed  substan¬ 
tially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,835. — Francis  Drew,  assignor  to  Himself  and  Solomon  S. 

Gray. — Improvement  in  Lifting- Jacks. — Patented  November  20, 

1855.  (Plates,  p.  196.) 

Pinions  C  C1  engage  with  the  teeth  E  E1  upon  follower  B.  As  one 
of  the  levers  G  is  depressed,  its  pawl  I  operates  ratchet-wheel  K, 
which  revolves  the  wheel  C,  by  which  means  the  follower  is  raised; 
at  the  same  time,  by  means  of  connections  H  H1,  the  lever  G1  is  raised  ; 
when  this  lever  is  depressed,  its  pawl  I1  revolves  ratchet-wheel  K1, 
and  the  follower  is  again  raised.  Thus  by  operating  the  levers,  the 
follower  is  continually  raised,  the  retaining-pawls  x  x1  engaging  with 
the  racks  P  P1  and  preventing  it  from  returning. 

When  it  is  desired  to  drop  the  follower,  it  is  only  necessary  to  raise 
the  pawls  x  x1,  I  I1,  and  it  descends  by  its  own  weight. 

Claim . — The  described  jack,  consisting  of  the  sockets  F  F1  with  their 
connecting  arms  H  H1  and  pawls  I  I1,  in  combination  with  the  ratchet- 
wheels  Iv  K1  and  cog-wheels  C  C1,  arranged  and  operating  in  the 
manner  set  forth. 


No.  12,290. — John  Sutton. — Lubricator  for  Steam- Machinery, — Pa¬ 
tented  January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  197.) 

Claim—  1st.  Arranging  the  cylinder  B  and  piston  C  of  the  feeder 
within  or  in  the  bottom  of  the  grease  reservoir  A,  with  the  cylinder 
opening  directly  into  the  reservoir,  substantially  as  described,  whereby 
the  construction  of  the  feeder  is  simplified,  and  it  is  rendered  more 
compact,  and  provision  is  made  for  collecting  the  sediment  within  the 
reservoir. 

2d.  Constructing  the  feeder  with  a  valve/  in  the  piston,  opening  to- 


XII. - MECHANICAL  POWERS. 


751 


wards  the  discharge  end  of  the  cylinder,  and  a  valve  d  in  the  discharge 
end  of  the  cylinder,  opening  against  and  closing  with  the  pressure  of 
the  steam  or  motive  agent,  substantially  as  described,  whereby  it  is 
caused  to  be  only  necessary  to  move  the  piston  once  back  and  forth  to 
charge  and  discharge  the  feeding  cylinder,  and  the  lubrication  is  effected 
more  quickly  and  with  less  trouble  to  the  engineer.  (See  engravings.) 


No.  12,803. — Robert  M.  Wade. — Lubricator. — Patented  May  1,  1855. 
(Plates,  p.  197.) 

The  lever  I  being  drawn  in  the  direction  of  the  arrow  until  it  stops 
against  the  end  r  of  the  rim  P,  the  opening /in  the  lower  valve  will  be 
directly  over  the  opening  i  in  the  diaphragm  a ,  (see  fig.  1,)  and  the  lubri¬ 
cator  discharges  into  the  cylinder,  the  upper  opening  at  this  time  being 
closed  by  the  valve  G.  When  the  lever  I  is  released,  the  spring  S 
will  carry  it  around  to  position  fig.  2,  when  both  upper  and  lower 
openings  are  closed.  When  it  is  desired  to  feed  the  lubricator,  the 
section  n  of  the  rim  P  is  turned  outward,  permitting  the  spring  S  to 
carry  the  lever  around  until  it  is  brought  up  by  the  then  extremity  x  of 
the  rim.  In  this  position  of  the  lever,  the  opening  l  in  the  cover  B  is 
coincident  with  the  perforation  of  the  valve  G,  the  small  air-openings  o 
and  t  being  at  the  same  time  opposite  each  other.  This  permits  the 
admission  of  oil  to  the  reservoir ;  and  when  sufficient  has  entered,  the 
section  n  is  swung  into  place,  and  the  lubricator  is  again  ready  for 
operation. 

The  part  of  spindle  C  which  passes  through  socket  F  of  valve  G  is 
of  square  section,  and  so  is  the  socket,  to  prevent  the  valve  from  turn¬ 
ing  on  the  spindle.  The  nut  E  can  be  so  turned  as  to  press  both  the 
valves.  closely  into  their  seats. 

The  inventor  says :  I  make  no  claim  to  the  shutting  off  of  pne  pas¬ 
sage  of  the  lubricator  when  opening  the  other,  by  arrangement  of  valve 
perforations,  as  set  forth ;  but  1  do  claim  constructing  the  moving  parts 
of  a  central  sectional  spindle  with  disc-valves  at  its  extremities,  sus¬ 
ceptible  of  steam-tight  adjustment,  as  described;  and  combining  the 
same  with  the  perforated  diaphragm  a  of  the  oil  reservoir,  for  prevent¬ 
ing  external  leakage,  and  otherwise  acting  as  set  forth. 

Also,  the  sectional  rim  P  and  spring  S  in  combination  with  the 
arrangement  of  the  valve  apertures  relative  to  the  ends  of  said  rim,  so 
as  to  furnish  three  stopping  points  to  the  actuating  lever,  lor  feed,  dis¬ 
charge,  and  the  entire  closing  of  the  lubricator,  when  operating  as  set 
forth. 


No.  12,859. — George  Dixon. —  Velocitrot  Lubricator. — Patented  May 
15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  197.) 

As  the  connecting  rod  L  moves  back  and  forth,  it  causes  the  oil-cup 
which  is  attached  fast  to  it  to  move  with  great  velocity,  and  doing  so, 
the  valve  Cus  (by  reason  of  the  motion  of  the  connecting  rod  being 
quicker  than  the  action  of  gravitation)  caused  momentarily  to  be 
suspended;  and  while  thus  suspended,  the  oil  flows  through  the  dis- 


752 


XII. - MECHANICAL  POWERS. 


charge  d  upon  the  crank-pin.  By  the  time  sufficient  oil  has  escaped, 
the  valve  falls  and  checks  the  supply.  The  oil  flows  through  the  space 
between  the  tubular  inner  surface  d  and  the  triangular  valve-stem  b. 
The  screw  D  serves  to  regulate  the  height  to  wffiich  the  valve  shall  be 
allowed  to  open. 

Claim. — Providing  oil-cups  of  crank-pins,  and  other  movable  jour¬ 
nals,  with  a  valve  C,  constructed,  arranged,  and  operating  substantially 
as  herein  described. 


No.  13,406. — James  M.  Thompson. — Improvement  in  Oil-Drippers . — 
Patented  August  7,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  197.) 

The  dripper  should  not  be  filled  quite  up  to  partition  a ,  as  there 
should  be  no  oil  in  the  chamber  at  any  time  except  what  runs  from 
the  tube  F,  when  the  dripper  is  inverted  to  allow  the  oil  to  escape 
through  the  stem  B  ;  and  as  the  capacity  of  the  chamber  is  much 
larger  than  the  capacity  of  the  tube  C,  the  oil  passing  from  tube  F  into 
the  chamber  will  leave  the  tubes  C  and  F  free  to  admit  air  to  the  bot¬ 
tom  of  the  dripper,  thus  securing  a  free  stream  from  the  stem  B,  and 
preventing  the  escape  of  any  oil  except  through  the  stem. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  the  chamber  E,  in  combination  with 
the  tubes  C  and  F,  as  constructed,  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  13  749. _ Michael  Egan. — Improvement  in  Automatic  Lubricators 

for  Railroad  Axles. — Patented  November  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  197.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  in  general  terms  feeding  oil  to 
the  axle  by  intermittent  motion  of  the  feeder  or  feeders,  produced  by 
the  revolution  of  the  axle  or  otherwise.  Neither  do  I  claim  the  em¬ 
ployment  of  a  feeder,  which,  by  either  constant  or  intermittent  motion, 
receives  oil  from  a  reservoir  below  and  deposites  it  on  the  axle. 

I  claim  the  arm  B  placed  under  the  bearing  and  made  to  descend 
into  the  grease  and  rise  to  the  journal  at  each  revolution  of  the  axle  by 
being  connected  to  the  eccentric  D,  or  its  equivalent,  substantially  as 

set  forth. 


No.  13,769. — John  Sutton. — Self -Feeding  Atmospheric  Lubricator. — 
Patented  November  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  197.) 

Mode  of  operating  this  lubricator:  Determine  the  number  of  drops 
of  oil  required  per  day  for  the  part  to  be  lubricated  ;  select  a  feeder 
holding  that  quantity ;  put  a  washer  on  the  shank  end,  and  attach  it  to 
the  brass  box,  bush,  or  other  part,  so  that  it  shall  be  a  fixed  air-tight 
joint;  see  that  the  cap  B  has  its  elastic  washer  d;  remove  the  dome  C 
and  regulating-plug  D.  In  the  space  E  place  a  flat  circular  piece  of 
gutta-percha,  cork,  or  rubber,  having  cut  a  small  channel  across  its 
underface  ;  then  put  in  loosely  circular  pieces  of  cloth  above  it,  screw 
down  the  regulating-plug  D  tightly  with  the  fingers,  fill  the  reservoir 


XII. - MECHANICAL  POWERS. 


758 


through  the  neck  c  with  oil,  put  on  the  cap  B,  etc.,  as  now  combine  , 
screwing  it  tightly  with  the  fingers;  now,  should  it  feed  too  much, 
tighten  the  plug  D  more,  thus  shutting  off  the  air,  or  slacken  it  if  not 
feeding  enough  until  it  delivers  to  suit,  when  the  dome  C  may  be  screw  d 
to  its  seat,  as  it  is  now  in  working  order. 

The  inventor  says:  I  claim  an  arrangement  of  means  constructed  on 
or  within  the  cap  or  cover  B  (of  the  reservoir  containing  the  oil  or 
other  lubricating  material)  sufficiently  distant  from  the  oil  to  never  be 
in  contact  with  the  same,  by  the  adjusting  of  which  the  passage  or 
passages  leading  from  the  reservoir  to  the  atmosphere  may  be  entirely 
or  partially  opened  or  closed  at  will,  thus  causing  an  increase  or  de¬ 
crease  of  the  feeding  of  the  oil  to  the  part  receiving  lubrication.  When 
properly  adjusted,  the  dome  C  may  be  firmly  secured  down,  when 
nothing  can  interfere  with  the  regulating  part. 

I  do  not  confine  myself  to  the  use  of  the  plug  D  and  the  substance 
in  the  space  E,  as  a  hollow  or  other  plug,  or  equivalents,  may  be  used 
to  produce  the  same  effect;  either  of  which  may  be  used  as  the  part, 
when  placed,  may  permit,  and  without  altering  the  principle  03:  mode 
of  feeding  described. 


No.  13,397. — Charles  A.  Postley. — Improved  Machine  for  Measuring 

and  Weighing  Grain. — Patented  August  7,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  197.) 

The  grain  elevated  by  elevators  D,  and  deposited  in  feed-hopper  C, 
passes  into  buckets  or  measures  E,  as  they  are  successively  carried 
under  the  hopper.  Connecting-rod  T  serves  to  operate  the  bucket- 
chain  by  falling  into  one  of  the  teeth  of  ratchet  S  once  during  each  revo¬ 
lution  of  the  shaft  which  carries  the  crank-wheel  U.  The  buckets 
pass,  in  their  way  forward,  under  the  strike  F.  The  supply  of  grain 
from  C  is  governed  by  vafre  O  and  levers  M  and  M9,  operated  by  cam 
N,  causing  the  valve  to  remain  open  whilst  the  bucket  under  the  hop¬ 
per  is  being  filled  and  weighed,  and  closing  it  during  the  passage  of 
the  buckets  onward. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  claim  the  combination,  substantially  as  and 
for  the  purpose  set  forth  and  described,  of  the  weighing  mechanism,  or  its 
equivalent,  with  the  series  of  measures  upon  an  endless  chain  which 
carries  them  in  succession  under  the  hopper,  under  the  strike,  and  over 
the  scales. 

I  am  aware  that  in  the  grain-weighing  machines  the  cut-off  has  been 
so  arranged  that  it  is  operated  by  the  weight  of  the  grain  received  in 
the  hopper,  and  when  the  desired  weight  is  attained  ;  this,  therefore, 
broadly,  1  do  not  claim. 

But  I  claim  the  combination  with  the  lever  M2  and  valve  O,  respec¬ 
tively  ;  of  the  lever  M  operated  by  the  cam  N,  or  its  equivalent ;  and 
of  the  platform  Z2  and  levers  g  and  g2,  by  which  the  said  valve  may 
be  operated  by  the  motive  power  of  the  machine,  or,  failing  this  at  any 
time,  by  the  weight  of  the  grain  itself,  substantially  as  set  forth  and  de¬ 
scribed. 


48 


754 


XII. — MECHANICAL  POWERS. 


No.  12,615. — James  P.  Arnold. — Improvement  in  Presses. — Patented 

April  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  197.) 

The  chain  U  is  hooked  to  the  platen  D  at  Z,  and  passes  over  friction- 
pulleys  V.  The  belt-shipper  W  is  fastened  to  this  chain,  and  conse¬ 
quently,  as  the  platen  descends,  the  chain  will  draw  the  shipper  along 
on  the  cone  drums  F  F.  The  pressing  operation  having  been  finished, 
the  chain  is  freed  from  hook  Z,  when  (by  means  of  weight  or  other¬ 
wise)  the  shipper  W  and  belt  are  carried  back  to  the  other  end  of  the 
cones.  Figure  1  is  part  of  a  side  view,  and  figure  2  is  a  top  view  of 
the  machine. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  conical  pulleys  and  a  travelling 
belt  thereon  have  been  used  for  various  purposes  where  speed  and 
power  are  required  at  variable  stages ;  these  I  do  not  claim. 

But  I  claim  operating  the  shipper  that  moves  the  belt  along  the 
cones  by  the  descent  of  the  platen  whilst  pressing,  so  that  the  power 
shall  be  increased  with  the  resistance  until  the  material  is  pressed,  and 
then  allowing  the  shipper  to  run  back  at  an  increased  velocity  when 
the  bale  is  ready  to  be  removed,  .substantially  as  described. 


No.  12,740. — Pells  Manny. — Improved  Hay-Press. — Patented  April 

17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  198.) 

When  the  operation  of  pressing  the  hay  is  to  be  commenced,  the 
doors  H  I,  at  each  end  of  the  case,  are  closed ;  the  hay  is  placed  in 
case  A  at  one  side  of  the  lid  K,  and  the  lid  is  closed  over  the  hay. 
Power  is  then  applied  in  any  proper  manner  to  the  levers  C  C,  and  the 
sliding-bottom  B  is  moved,  and  with  it  the  followers  G  G,  and  the  hay 
is  compressed  in  the  form  of  a  square  bale  within  the  square  HI  G. 
After  that  the  doors  are  opened,  and  the  bale  withdrawn.  Meanwhile 
the  other  space  A,  behind  the  followers,  is  to  be  filled  with  hay,  and 
the  follower  in  its  return-motion  compresses  a  second  bale,  and  so 
forth. 

Claim. — Having  the  followers  G  G  aranged  or  placed  so  as  to  cross 
or  intersect  each  other  at  right  angles  and  inclined  as  herein  described, 
and  having  the  doors  H  I  at  each  end  of  the  box  or  case  also  inclined 
to  correspond  inversely  with  the  followers  for  the  purpose  of  having 
the  hay  compressed  in  the  form  of  square  bales ;  the  line  of  pressure 
being  diagonally  through  the  bale,  or  the  followers  and  doors  exerting 
the  pressure  on  the  four  sides  of  the  bale,  as  herein  shown  and  de¬ 
scribed,  whereby  little  or  no  pressure  is  exerted  against  the  sides  of  the 
box  or  case. 


No.  13,060. — Jonathan  Grout. — Improved  Self-acting  Cotton-Press . — 
Patented  June  12,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  198.) 

a  a  are  the  sides  of  the  press  ;  the  floor  of  the  press  is  placed  on 
cross-piece  C  ;  two  pieces  A  A  are  made  fast  to  the  top  and  side-tim¬ 
bers  of  a  room,  one  log  being  placed  horizontally,  and  the  other  perpen¬ 
dicularly,  and  the  whole  press  is  suspended  on  these  so  as  to  swing 


XII. — MECHANICAL  POWERS. 


755 


freely.  F  carries  two  levers  B  B  with  catches  d  e  ;  the  movable  beam 
H  passes  through  slots  in  the  pieces  a.  As  the  press  is  swung  out  from 
the  perpendicular  to  an  oblique  position,  the  levers  are  drawn  along 
upon  beam  H,  bringing  the  catches  right  to  take  hold  and  thrust  it 
down  as  the  press  is  swung  back  to  its  former  position  ;  here  the  small 
catches  L  L,  which  are  attached  to  the  sides  a  a ,  hold  the  beam  fast 
while  the  same  operation  is  repeated.  The  material  to  be  pressed  lies 
between  H  and  C. 

Claim. — The  construction  of  a  press,  designed  for  the  general  pur¬ 
poses  of  a  press,  so  arranged  as  to  swing  freely  about  an  axis  of  mo¬ 
tion,  so  that  when  the  press  is  swung  out  in  one  direction,  the  said 
levers  are  brought  into  such  a  position  relative  to  the  other  parts  that 
they  take  hold  of  the  beam  and  thrust  it  down  as  the  press  is  swung 
back  to  its  former  position,  and  in  a  manner  which  allows  the  opera¬ 
tion  to  be  repeated  until  the  degree  of  pressure  desired  is  attained, 
substantially  as  set  forth  and  described. 


No.  13,061. — Geo.  Kino. — Improvement  in  Pressing  Tobacco  in  Plugs. — - 

Patented  June  12,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  198.) 

The  tobacco  is  placed  in  hopper  H  in  the  form  of  rolls,  and  one  over 
the  other.  Motion  being  given  to  pitman  G,  as  the  wheel  C  re¬ 
volves,  the  pin  i  strikes  against  A  on  pulley  g ;  and  said  pulley  being 
drawn  a  certain  distance,  the  sliding-box  E  is  drawn  towards  the 
wheel  by  means  of  cords  /,  and  the  bar^?  forces  the  lower  roll  of  to¬ 
bacco  from  hopper  H  into  box  I,  the  slide  J  being  drawn  upwards  by 
cordy.  When  A  passes  i,  the  box  E  moves  back  to  its  original  posi¬ 
tion  by  means  of  spring  L,  and  slide  J  falls  by  its  own  gravity,  and 
forces  the  roll  of  tobacco  down  upon  the  upper  surface  of  plunger  F, 
where  a1  represents  the  roll.  F  is  now  moved  towards  G  by  pitman 
G,  and  roll  a1  falls  within  box  E,  directly  in  front  of  the  plunger,  and 
by  the  return  movement  of  F  is  pressed  against  the  inner  surface  of 
the  plate  D.  The  box  now  again  moves  towards  the  wheel;  i  coming- 
in  contact  with  A,  the  cord  n  turns  pulley  m,  and  cord  l  attached  to 
said  pulley  draws  down  plate  K,  and  the  plug  formed  by  the  pressure 
to  which  it  was  subjected  is  forced  downward  from  the  machine. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  box  E  and  plunger  F,  when  arranged  and  opera¬ 
ted  substantially  as  shown,  so  that  both  the  box  and  plunger  have  a  re¬ 
ciprocating  motion  for  the  purpose  of  allowing  the  tobacco  to  be  fed  into 
the  box,  and  also  compressed  therein,  as  described. 

2d.  The  combination  of  the  box  E  and  the  plunger  F  with  the  hop¬ 
per  H  and  slide  J,  for  the  purpose  as  herein  shown  and  described. 


No.  13,199. — Augustus  M.  Glover. — Improvement  in  Cotton-Presses. — 
Patented  July  3,  1855.  (Piates,  p.  198.) 

The  roller  E  is  in  the  rack-rod  B  at  its  lower  end,  projecting  slightly 
beyond  the  face  of  the  rod,  and  also  beyond  a  the  platen.  By  the  in¬ 
troduction  of  roller  E,  opposite  to  the  rack,  the  platen  a  is  guided  in  its 


756 


Xn. — MECHANICAL  POWERS. 


movement  in  the  box  without  liability  of  the  wrapper  or  bagging 
to  be  either  ruptured  or  wrinkled,  as  the  platen  is  prevented  from  touch¬ 
ing  the  wrapper  by  the  circumference  of  said  roller  projecting  slightly 
beyond  the  face  of  the  platen. 

Claim. — The  use  of  the  roller  E  moving  with  the  platen  a  in  combi¬ 
nation  with  the  rack  C  and  pinion  D,  as  described,  lor  the  purpose  of 
preventing  the  platen  touching  the  sacking  in  its  descent,  and  keeping 
the  platen  in  position  when  below  the  hopper,  and  the  sides  of  the 
bale-box  removed,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,337. — Geo.  E.  Comstock. — Improvement  in  Cheese- Presses. — - 

Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  198.) 

When  the  pressing  operation  has  been  completed,  the  pawls  F  and  I 
are  removed,  and  the  gate  run  up  by  turning  crank  J;  the  connexion  of 
rim  h  of  eccentric  and  pins  i  of  plates  f  causing  the  gate  to  rise.  When 
the  gate  reaches  the  end  of  its  upward  movement,  the  roller  R  comes 
in  contact  with  the  bottom  of  platform  P  ;  and  it  is  only  necessary  to 
turn  crank  Q  to  cause  the  platlbrm  and  its  load  to  travel  outward  to  the 
front  of  the  press,  the  rollers  r  r1  guiding  and  preventing  it  from  tilting. 

The  inventor  says:  I  am  aware  that  rollers,  to  aid  the  outward 
movement  of  the  platform,  have  been  used,  but  requiring  separate  ad¬ 
justments  to  bring  them  into  action.  Such,  therefore,  I  do  not  claim. 

But  I  claim  the  roller  R  in  the  lower  portion  of  the  pressing  gate,  and 
brought  into  action  by  the  rising  of  said  gate  on  the  removal  of  the  pres¬ 
sure,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  specified. 


No.  13,426. — II.  H.  Fultz. — Improvement  in  T  Cotton-Presses . — 

Patented  August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  198.) 

When  the  follower  K  and  rod  I  are  to  be  shoved  back  after  the  press¬ 
ing  operation  has  been  performed,  the  springs  Q  are  turned  on  their 
pivots,  when  the  pawls  move  outwards  from  the  teeth  of  rod  I,  so  as  to 
leave  it  free  to  be  drawn  back. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  claim  nothing  new  in  the  manner  of  operating 
the  follower  by  rack-bar  or  rod  and  pawls,  nor  yet  in  the  addition  of 
retaining  pawls  acting  in  concert  with  drivers,  and  am  aware  that  the 
application  of  springs  to  the  back  of  the  pawls  is  old;  neither  do  I  claim, 
of  itself,  arranging  the  springs  so  that  the  pawds  may  be  relieved  of  their 
pressure. 

But  X  claim  the  arrangement  with  the  retaining  and  driving  pawls  P 
and  O,  on  either  side  of  the  follower  rod  or  rack-bar  I  of  the  one  spring 
Q,  bearing  at  its  opposite  ends  on  the  said  pawls,  and  hung  upon  an 
intermediate  pivot  e  in  relation  thereto  ;  so  that,  upon  turning  the  spring 
as  described,  both  the  retaining  and  driving  pawls  are  expeditiously 
and  simultaneously  relieved  from,  or  thrown  into,  spring-gear  with  the 
follower  rod,  and  the  working  of  the  follower  in  its  reverse  directions  is 
expedited,  as  specified. 


XII. — MECHANICAL  POWERS. 


757 


No.  13,790. — Rhudolpiius  Kinsley. — Improvement  in  Tobacco- Presses. 

— Patented  November  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  199.) 

c1  are  the  roils  or  lamps  of  tobacco,  and  d,  are  plates  placed  between 
each  two  rolls  ;  f  is  the  follower,  which,  before  the  pressing  operation 
commences,  projects  sufficiently  above  the  top  of  box  a  c  c,  that  the 
follower  can  be  properly  depressed  and  the  rolls  compressed  by  pla¬ 
cing  the  whole  box  under  a  press.  On  etach  side  of  the  follower  f  are 
spring-bolts  e;  these  are  driven  back  as  the  follower  enters  the  box  ;  and 
when  it  has  descended  the  proper  distance,  the  bolts  are  brought  op¬ 
posite  holes  h  in  the  slide  of  the  box  and  spring  outwards  into  said  holes, 
and  thus  secure  the  follower  down.  The  whole  box  is  then  removed 
from  the  press ;  and  when  the  rolls  are  sufficiently  set  to  remain  in  shape 
after  the  pressure  is  relieved,  the  catches  are  forced  back  so  as  to  re¬ 
lease  the  follower;  and  when  that  is  removed,  the  two  slide  pieces  are 
turned  outward,  as  shown  at  c2,  (fig.  1,)  and  the  tobacco  can  then  be 
removed.  Fig.  1  represents  a  section  on  a  larger  scale. 

Claim. — The  construction  and  employment  of  a  press-bar  or  co re¬ 
presser,  substantially  as  described,  in  which  the  article  to  be  com¬ 
pressed  can  be  put  and  placed  under  a  press,  and,  when  compressed, 
can  be  retained  in  that  position,  and  removed  from  the  press  till  set, 
while  the  press  is  liberated  for  other  operations,  all  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,826. — William  F.  Provost  &  Charles  J.  Provost.— Improve- 
meni  in  Cotton- Presses. — Patented  November  20,  1855.  (Plates, 
p.  199.) 

Platen  E  is  hung  to  rod  &,  bent  over  the  platen  at  its  top;  said  rod 
passes  down  through  a  slot  in  one  of  the  uprights  B,  and  terminates  in 
a  round  head,  which  fits  into  a  metallic  shoe  /,  in  which  it  may  freely 
turn.  Phis  head  and  shoe  prevent  the  rod  from  yielding  to  the  pres¬ 
sure  against  the  platen  when  connected  to  the  rod  m  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  press,  but  is  free  to  turn  or  be  swung  around  with  the 
platen,  out  of  the  way  of  the  charging  of  the  press,  or  for  removing 
the  bale,  the  rod  Jc  acting  as  a  crane  for  that  purpose.  The  rod  m  is 
arranged  in  a  slot  n  in  the  other  upright,  and  is  prevented  by  means  of 
a  head  o  and  plate  p  from  rising  above  the  height  of  said  plate  p,  but 
can  be  pushed  down  into  the  slot  n  until  the  top  of  the  rod  is  out  of  the 
way,  when  the  bale  is  to  be  removed  or  the  press  to  be  charged.  The 
link  r  which  makes,  as  it  were,  one  continuous  rod  of  the  two  rods  h  m, 
can  be  removed,  preparatory  to  swinging  out  the  rod  7c  and  pushing 
down  rod  m. 

Claim . — 1st.  The  manner  of  hanging  and  holding  the  platen  D  by 
means  of  the  rods  1c  m  and  the  coupling  link  r,  so  that  the  platen  may 
be  swung  around  out  of  the  way,  and  the  rod  m  let  down,  as  described. 

Also,  in  combination  with  the  levers  G  F  and  their  fulcras,  the  piv¬ 
oting  of  the  long  one  ol  said  levers  to  one  side  of  the  centre  of  the 
follower  D,  to  cant  and  to  apply  the  power  of  the  press  in  as  near  a 
direct  line  to  the  resistance  as  possible,  as  described. 


758 


XII. - MECHANICAL  POWERS. 


No.  14,005. — William  Wilber. — Improvement  in  Hydraulic  Oil- 

Presses. — Patented  December  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  199.) 

Figure  1  represents  only  about  one-half  of  the  longitudinal  section, 
the  other  half  being  exactly  alike ;  x  x  indicates  the  centre  line. 

Two  double-acting  pumps, ^not  shown  in  the  engraving,  force  the 
water  from  reservoir  C  into  cylinder  F  of  the  press ;  the  water  drives 
the  pistons  G  G.  The  cylinder  F  is  made  of  staves  of  hard  wood,  as 
seen  in  figure  3,  and  lined  inside  with  a  copper  cylinder  .and  double 
banded  on  the  outside  with  iron  bands;  this  construction  being  prefera¬ 
ble  to  metallic  cylinders,  in  reference  to  the  lightness  and  elasticity  of 
the  wood  staves.  H  H  are  the  piston  shafts,  and  on  their  ends  are  at¬ 
tached  plates  1 1,  which  are  driven  into  the  seed-boxes  J,  the  top  parts 
J1  of  which  being  hinged  on  rod  R,  so  as  to  be  readily  swung  open  for 
removing  the  seed-cake,  and  refurnishing  it  with  fresh  seed.  The  bed 
plates  M  on  each  end  of  the  press  are  made  of  several  sections  of 
wood,  cut  across  the  grain,  and  the  end  of  the  grain  is  presented  to 
the  action  of  the  press.  These  bed-plates  are  faced  next  the  seed-box, 
with  metallic  plates  L  recessed  and  grooved  to  admit  the  end  of  the 
seed-box,  and  to  convey  downwards  the  oil  which  is  pressed  out 
against  them. 

The  through-rods  N  serve  to  hold  the  feed-plates  against  the  force 
of  the  piston,  and  to  avoid  the  crushing  of  the  wood  ;  said  rods  are  pro¬ 
vided  with  collars,  so  that  the  strain  will  be  disseminated  throughout 
the  thickness  of  the  bed,  as  in  figure  2. 

Centrally  located  in  the  bottom  of  the  seed-boxes  J,  so  as  to  form 
a  part  of  said  bottom,  are  slides  P,  having  grooves  in  them,  into  which 
take  tongues,  on  the  bottom  of  said  boxes,  as  seen  in  figure  4,  to  guide 
them.  Through  these  slides  pass  vertical  steam-pipes  e ,  uniting  with 
one  main  pipe  f  connected  with  a  steam-boiler.  The  pipes  e  extend 
into  the  seed-boxes,  shielded  by  plates  ii,  which  form  divisions,  in  the 
seed-boxes.  The  steam  is  allowed  to  pass  through  small  openings  to 
come  into  contact  with  the  seeds  placed  in  said  divisions.  The  oil 
pressed  out  of  the  seed  passes  out  through  the  joints  of  the  seed-boxes, 
which  joints  are  sufficiently  open,  and  packed  with  cloth  for  that  purpose. 
The  cork  in  the  pipey  is  opened,  and  the  water  flows  out  of  cylinder 
F  into  reservoir  C. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that,  in  tobacco  and  other  presses  of 
a  similar  character,  staves  of  wood  have  been  used,  hooped  simply  on 
the  outside  with  iron.  This  I  do  not  claim. 

But  1  claim .  the  manner  of  constructing  the  cylinder  of  a  hydraulic 
press,  viz.,  of  staves  of  wood  when  lined  with  copper,  or  other  suitable 
metal,  as  well  as  double  banded,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set 
forth. 

I  also  claim  the  making  of  the  bed-plates  M  of  sections  of  wood, 
having  the  end  of  the  grain  of  the  wood  in  a  line  with  the  thrust  of  th£ 
piston -or  platen,  for  the  purpose  of  using  the  elasticity  of  the  wood, 
and  thus  relieving  the  press  from  the  rigidity  of  metal,  and  for  light¬ 
ness  and  cheapness  of  construction,  and  also  for  enabling  me  to  ar- 


Xn. — MECHANICAL  POWERS.  759 

range  the  through-bolts  so  as  to  divide  the  strain  upon  them,  and  pre¬ 
vent  their  crushing  the  wood,  as  described. 

I  also  claim  the  manner  of  uniting  the  through-bolts  or  rods  with  the 
bed-plates,  viz.,  by  means  of  the  collars  let  into  the  separate  sections 
of  wood  for  relieving  the  heads  of  the  bolts  of  the  strain,  and  distribu¬ 
ting  the  strain  throughout  the  bed  plates,  substantially  as  described. 

I  also  claim,  in  combination  with  the  seed-boxes,  the  introducing  of 
steam  directly  into  the  seeds  in  said  boxes  in  contradistinction  from 
heating  them  by  conduction  or  radiation,  so  as  to  have  both  heat  and 
moisture  in  the  boxes,  as  described. 

I  also  claim  the  hinging  of  the  door  and  one  of  the  sides  of  the  box 
to  the  other  side,  so  that  drawing  out  the  rod  R,  the  door  of  the  box 
will  spring  away  from  the  plates,  and  one  side  will,  at  the  same  time, 
give  slightly  but  sufficiently  to  release  the  cakes  from  the  said  pres¬ 
sure,  thus  allowing  them  to  be  easily  lifted  out  or  removed,  as  set 
forth. 


No.  12,155. — William  H.  Brown. — Improvement  in  Suspended  Pur¬ 
chases. — Patented  June  2,  1855 ;  patented  in  England,  October  2, 

1854.  (Plates,  p.  199.) 

The  weight  is  attached  at  x  on  block  G,  and  elevated  by  means  of 
purchase-fall  T  till  the  tackle-blocks  G  and  F  clutch,  after  which  the 
purchase-fall  T  is  relieved  of  all  strain.  The  clutch-bars  I  are  held  in 
a  close  position  by  connecting-spring  M.  As  the  block  G  rises,  the 
upper  ends  of  bars  I  strike  lips  H,  and  are  opened  until  the  slots  in  the 
clutch-bars  arrive  opposite  the  lips,  when  spring  M  closes  them  over  the 
lips,  as  shown  in  figure  4.  Guide-falls  U  U1  serve  to  move  the  burden 
along  cable  B  to  the  desired  position.  When  the  burden  is  to  be  low¬ 
ered,  the  clutch-bars  are  detached.  This  is  done  by  pulling  upon  pur¬ 
chase-fall  T  and  raising  block  G,  (see  figure  3,)  which  causes  pin  L  to 
pass  through  the  opening  in  cross-bar  H1,  and  brings  the  movable  cap- 
piece  K1  in  contact  with  H1  ;  whereby  the  connecting-rods  K  are  pressed 
down  to  a  line  even  with  the  centres  of  their  joints,  which  causes  them 
to  remain  in  that  position  and  hold  open  the  clutch-bars  I.  The  clutches 
are  again  brought  up  to  their  clutching  position  by  moving  up  cap-piece 
K  by  hand. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  a  suspended  cable  for  transport¬ 
ing  weights  of  any  kind  across  ravines  or  streams ;  nor  do  I  claim  trans¬ 
porting  bodies  of  any  kind  by  means  of  a  movable  cable  or  catenary, 
which  is  to  be  raised  or  lowered  to  deliver  the  burden  or  weight  at  any 
intermediate  place  between  its  points  of  suspension  or  fastening,  as 
these  have  been  essayed. 

But  I  do  claim ,  in  combination  with  a  permanently  suspended  cable, 
a  carriage  provided  with  suitable  block  and  tackle,  by  which  a  sus¬ 
pended  weight  of  any  kind  may  be  transported  to  any  given  point  and 
then  lowered  or  raised,  or  by  which  it  may  be  lowered  or  raised,  as  it 
is  transported,  at  pleasure,  substantially  as  described. 

I  also  claim,  in  combination  with  a  suspended  cable,  a  truck  or  car¬ 
riage  composed  of  a  main  wheel  D,  guide-wheels  E  E1,  and  flexible 


760 


XII. - MECHANICAL  POWERS. 


frame  C,  so  that  the  wheels  may  adjust  themselves  to  the  line  of  the 
catenary,  as  described.  (See  figure  2.) 

I  also  claim  the  automatically  coupling  and  uncoupling  of  blocks  F 
G,  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 

I  also  claim  the  system  of  equalizing  beams  Q  R  S,  when  combined 
with  two,  three,  or  more  cables,  for  the  purpose  of  evenly  distributing 
the  weight  upon  the  several  cables,  as  set  forth.  (See  figure  1.) 


No.  12,246. — Jno.  L.  McPherson — Improvement  in  Scales. — Patented 

January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  200.) 

a  and  b  are  the  two  concentric  circular  rims  supported  on  the  knife- 
edges  c,  and  so  loaded  by  weights  d  and  e  as  to  be  accurately  balanced 
when  the  weights  are  on  opposite  sides  of  the  axis  of  suspension.  The 
dish/is  supported  on  a  knife-edge  i  of  a  bar  h  running  across  the  outer 
rim  a  on  the  side  of  the  axis  of  suspension  nearest  the  weight  e.  Any 
substance  placed  upon  the  dish  will  add  to  the  weight  on  that  side  of 
the  axis  of  suspension,  and,  for  the  restoration  of  the  equilibrium,  render 
it  necessary  to  move  the  wmight  e  towards  the  weight  d.  To  do  this, 
the  rim  b  is  moved  within  rim  a  by  means  of  knob  Z,  until  the  pointer  p 
rests  on  the  mark  q  of  the  indicator  r;  the  scale  will  then  be  again 
balanced  on  knife-edges  c.  and  the  weight  of  the  article  in  the  dish  in¬ 
dicated  by  the  division  of  the  graduated  arc  m  upon  which  the  pointer 
rests. 

Claim. — The  concentric  loaded  rims  a  and  b  in  combination  with  the 
attachment  of  the  dish,  constructed,  arranged,  and  operating  substan¬ 
tially  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  12,249. — Elisha  P.  Beckwith. — Improvement  in  Spring-Bal¬ 
ances. — Patented';  January  16,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  200.) 

The  cylinder  A  encompasses  a  spring  balance  of  ordinary  construc¬ 
tion,  only  that  the  central  rod  B,  around  which  is  placed  the  spiral 
spring  C,  is  graduated  so  as  to  determine  the  weight  of  the  article 
without  the  usual  index.  Around  the  lower  end  of  rod  B  turns  a  short 
arm  E,  which  sustains  a  vertical  pointer  G.  The  distances  between 
the  horizontal  graduations  b  on  the  outside  of  cylinder  A,  are  equal  to 
the  graduations  on  rod  B.  Now,  for  instance,  an  article  weighs  four 
pounds,  (see  figure  1,)  then  the  mark  4  on  rod  B  will  be  even  with  the 
lower  surface  of  cylinder  A,  and  the  pointer  will  be  on  a  line  with  the 
fourth  horizontal  line  b  on  the  cylinder,  and  (if  the  price  of  the  article 
be  six  cents)  the  arm  E  is  turned  round,  so  that  the  pointer  will  move 
around  the  cylinder  on  said  fourth  line  b  until  the  pointer  has  arrived 
on  that  one  of  the  vertical  lines  a  which  is  marked  6  on  the  upper  edge 
of  the  cylinder.  At  the  intersection  of  the  lines  a  and  b  is  marked  the 
aggregate  cost  of  the  article. 

Claim. — The  ernplo}^ment  or  use  of  the  cylinder  A  surrounding  the 
spring  balance,  and  divided  into  parts  or  graduated,  substantially  as 
shown,  so  that  by  the  aid  of  the  index  rod  G,  or  its  equivalent,  not 


XII. - MECHANICAL  POWERS.  761 

only  the  weight,  but  also  the  whole  or  aggregate  cost  of  any  article 
may  be  determined  at  a  given  price  per  pound. 


No.  12,698. — David  M.  Smytii. — Improvement  in  Platform-Balances. 

— Patented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p,  200.) 

Platform  a  is  supported  by  two  hangers  h  b ,  which  rest  on  the  knife- 
edges  of  four  links  c,  which  are  in  (urn  suspended  to  four  short  arms  d , 
each  two  of  them  on  parallel  rock- shafts  e  e,  from  which  rock-shafts 
extend  long  arms  h  downwards,  (arms  h  forming  with  arms  d  any  suit¬ 
able  angle  to  operate  on  the  principle  of  the  bent  lever.)  weights  i  being 
attached  to  the  ends  of  arms  h.  The  rod  l  connects  a  lower  arm 
m,  on  one  of  shafts  e,  and  an  upper  arm  n  on  the  other ;  so  that  the 
article  to  be  weighed  may  be  placed  on  any  part  of  the  platform,  and 
receive  equal  resistance  from  the  two  weights.  The  outer  ends  of  the 
shafts  rest  with  knife-edges  f  on  notched  plates  g.  One  end  of  the 
shaft  carries  a  pointer  j,  which  indicates  the  weight  on  sector  k. 

The  inventor  says:  I  am  aware  that  in  platform-balances  the  two 
rockers  that  sustain  the  platform  have  been  connected  together,  so  that 
the  articles  to  be  weighed  may  be  placed  on  any  part  ot  the  platform, 
and  exert  an  equal  force  on  the  balance;  and  therefore  i  do  not  wish 
to  be  understood  as  claiming  to  be  the  first  inventor  of  such  an  arrange¬ 
ment,  irrespective  of  the  combination  specified. 

And  I  am  also  aware  that  scales  have  been  made  to  operate  on  the 
principle  of  the  bent  lever  to  weigh  articles  of  varying  weight,  the  arm 
carrying  the  weight  gradually  increasing  in  leverage  as  the  arm  sus¬ 
taining  the  article  to  be  weighed  gradually  decreases ;  but  this  mode  of 
operation  has  never  been  combined  with  a  platform-balance,  and  there¬ 
fore  I  do  not  claim  it  as  a  separate  device. 

But  I  do  claim  the  arrangement  of  the  platform  above,  with  hangers 
suspended  at  four  corners  to  the  two  rockers,  which  are  linked  together 
substantially  as  described,  when  this  is  combined  with  the  weighted 
arms  on  the  rockers,  operating  on  the  principle  of  the  bent  lever,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  specified. 


No.  13,232. — Frederick  Sciieurer. — Improvement  in  Counter- Scales. — 

Patented  July  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  200.) 

The  object  of  this  construction  is  to  have  a  flat  scale  to  lay  long  goods 
upon,  and  to  have  the  scale  for  the  weights  directly  underneath  the 
same. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  common  beam-scales  with  their 
inner  arms  A  A1,  connected  together  by  links,  to  which  the  scale  W 
to  receive  the  weights  is  attached,  and  their  outer  arms  connected 
by  a  frame  to  carry  a  flat  or  straight  scale  G  to  place,  the  goods 
on  which  are  to  be  weighed,  the  whole  being  constructed  in  the  man¬ 
ner  and  for  the  purpose  substantially  as  described. 


762 


XII. — MECHANICAL  POWERS. 


No.  13,331. — Augustus  Sanborn,  assignor  to  C.  and  T.  Fairbanks  & 

Co. — Improvement  in  the  Union  Platform- Scales. — Patented  July 

21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  200.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  will  be  understood  from  the  claim  and 
engravings. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  connecting  the  platform  with  the 
beam  and  steelyard  by  means  of  a  rod  depending  from  the  latter,  and 
applied  both  to  the  lever  and  steelyard  by  knife-edge  bearings  or 
loops,  as  this  is  a  common  method  of  connecting  such  parts  in  ordinary 
platform  scales ;  but  my  invention  has  reference  only  to  or  is  an  im¬ 
provement  on  what  is  termed  the  “  Union  Scale  f  or  that  having  a  pan 
or  platform,  as  specified. 

What  I  claim  consists  in  the  manner  in  which  the  platform-lever  B 
and  the  vertical  suspension-rod  b  of  the  pan  and  steelyard  are  con¬ 
nected  and  supported,  the  rod  b  being  jointed  at  its  lower  end  to  an 
arm  I,  independent  of  the  lever  B ;  and  said  lever  connected  to  the  rod 
b  by  means  of  a  pendulous  rod  h  and  a  pointed  or  knife-edge  bearing 
g,  arranged  near  the  upper  part  of  the  rod  b ,  as  specified ;  the  same, 
while  securing  a  vertical  movement  to  the  rod  b ,  the  only  one  which 
it  should  have,  effecting  the  advantage  of  allowing  the  lateral  vibra¬ 
tions  of  the  lever  B  to  take  place  without  disturbance  of  the  steelyard 
or  rod  b,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,497. — Jno.  L.  McPherson. — Improvement  in  Weighing-Scales. — 
Patented  August  28,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  201.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  will  be  understood  from  the  claim  and 

✓ 

engravings. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  various  things  have  been  made 
tubular,  or  hollow,  for  the  purposes  of  strength,  with  lightness  of  metal. 
This  I  do  not  claim. 

But  I  claim ,  in  combination  with  the  shafts  H,  the  fifth  or  guard 
fulcrum  c ,  which  prevents  the  platform  from  careening,  should  the 
weight  be  unequally  distributed  on  said  platform,  without  in  the  least 
impairing  its  correct  weighing,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,840. — John  Allender. — Balance  for  Detecting  Spurious  Coin. — 

Patented  November  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  201.) 

The  cavities  are  just  large  enough  to  receive  the  genuine  coin,  and 
have  each  a  slot  across  the  centre  just  large  enough  to  let  the  genuine 
coin  pass  through  freely. 

The  inventor  says :  I  am  aware  that  balances  for  proving  coin  have 
been  made  with  two  levers  hung  upon  one  fulcrum,  so  arranged  as  to 
weigh  all  the  coins  upon  one  side  of  said  fulcrum;  and  when  the  larger 
coins  were  weighed,  the  lever  in  which  the  small  ones  are  weighed  is 
turned  to  the  opposite  side  of  the  fulcrum;  therefore  I  make  no  claim 
to  instruments  constructed  with  more  than  one  lever,  and  to  weigh  upon 
one  side  of  the  fulcrum  only. 


Xn. — MECHANICAL  POWERS. 


763 


But  I  claim  a  single  lever,  of  such  a  size  and  weight,  and  provided 
with  cavities  or  countersinks  L  M  E  G  F  H,  arranged  at  such  distances, 
each  side  of  the  fulcrum  h,  as  to  weigh  the  smaller  coins  upon  the 
lightest  arm  C,  without  additional  weight,  and  the  larger  coins,  two  or 
more,  on  the  heaviest  arm  D,  with  one  weight  J  in  one  position  on  the 
lighter  arm. 


No.  12,802. — Abner  Whiteley. — Improvement  in  Arranging  Shafts 

and  Pulleys  at  an  Angle. — Patented  May  1,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  201.) 

The  end  of  the  shaft  W  being  passed  through  the  box  N  and  stud, 
and  the  pin  B  put  in  the  hole  in  shaft  W,  and  the  pulley  P  being 
placed  on  the  stud,  the  pin  B  enters  the  slot  in  the  end  of  the  hub; 
and  when  motion  is  communicated  to  shaft  W,  the  pin  B  passing 
through  it,  and  its  ends  extending  into  the  slot  in  the  hub  of  the  pulley, 
the  pin  B  takes  hold  of  the  pulley  and  causes  it  to  revolve,  as  the  shaft 
W  is  turned  round,  while  its  axis  of  motion  is  oblique  to  the  shaft  W 
which  drives  it. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  communicating  motion  when  the 
axes  form  an  angle  with  each  other  by  means  of  a  cross-head  or  pin 
attached  to  one  axis  moving  within  grooves  or  slots  attached  to  the 
parts  of  the  other  axes  or  pulleys,  as  that  is  well  known. 

But  I  do  claim  the  above-described  mode  of  arranging  the  bearings, 
consisting  of  the  stud  or  projection  from  the  bearing  of  one  shaft,  which 
stud  is  a  bearing  for  the  pulley,  gear-wheel,  or  coupling,  of  the  other 
revolving  part,  and  through  which  the  axis  having  the  pin  passes,  for  the 
purpose  of  forming  a  secure  and  compact  adjustment  of  the  parts  when 
the  respective  axes  of  motion  have  a  fixed  and  invariable  angle  with 
each  other. 


No.  12,147. — Edward  H.  Foote — Improvement  in  Protecting  Slides  and 

Ways  from  Dust. — Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  20J.) 

The  two  ends  b  h  of  cross-head  e  slide  in  ways  a  a.  To  the  upper 
and  lower  edges  of  the  ways  are  secured  strips  d  d  of  thin  vulcanized 
India-rubber,  so  inclined  towards  each  other  that  they  shall  come  to¬ 
gether  at  their  unattached  edges,  thus  enclosing  the  ways  and  embra¬ 
cing  the  cross-head,  which  latter  is  beveled  off  to  an  edge  each  way 
from  the  middle,  as  seen  in  figure  3.  This  will  permit  the  two  India- 
rubber  strips  to  come  together  before  and  behind  the  cross- head  ;  which 
closing  together  is  moreover  insured  by  means  of  clasps  e  in  front  and 
behind  the  cross-head,  so  that  no  dirt  shall  enter  the  ways. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  the  flexible  guards  which  enclose  the 
ways  of  slides  in  machinery,  substantially  as  specified,  in  combination 
with  the  cross-head  and  the  clasps,  or  their  equivalent,  substantially  as 
specified. 


764 


XII. — MECHANICAL  POWERS. 


No.  13,075. — Horatio  Allen. —  Two-motion  Cone-Valve. — Patented 
June  19,  1855.  (Plate,  p.  202.) 

D  is  the  valve  ;  a  are  the  steam-ports  ;  A  the  valve-seat.  The  valve 
is  operated  two  motions  in  succession.  The  first,  motion  is  in  a  di¬ 
rection  parallel  with  its  axis,  or  from  the  smaller  toward  the  larger  end 
of  the  valve-seat.  This  movement  effects  the  separation  of  the  valve 
from  contact  with  its  seat.  The  next  movement  is  to  turn  the  valve 
partly  round,  so  as  to  bring  it  in  position  D1,  (see  dotted  lines,  figure  1,) 
and  thereby  open  the  ports  a. 

The  mechanism  for  effecting  these  movements  is  not  represented  in 
the  engravings,  as  it  forms  no  part  of  the  claim. 

Having  effected  the  first  movement,  (a  very  slight  one,)  the  valve 
and  its  seat,  although  still  very  close,  are  no  longer  in  contact,  and  the  ro¬ 
tary  motion  can  then  be  given  without  friction  upon  those  parts ;  and 
thus  the  power  necessary  to  operate  the  valve  and  the  wear  will  be  re¬ 
duced. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  claim  so  constructing  a  cone-valve  that,  in  the 
operations  of  opening  and  closing  the  same,  two  motions  shall  be  im¬ 
parted  to  it,  in  or  nearly  in  succession,  and  in  directions  at  a  right-angle 
with  each  other  ;  the  first  of  said  motions  effecting  the  withdrawal  of 
said  valve  out  of  contact  with  its  seat,  and  retaining  it  so  withdrawn, 
while  the  second  motion  shall  be  given,  whereby  it  can,  by  that  second 
motion,  be  turned  without  friction  against  the  seat,  as  described  ;  and 
this  I  claim,  irrespective  of  the  mechanism  employed,  as  this  may  be 
considerably  varied  without  changing  the  character  of  my  invention ; 
the  whole  being  constructed  and  operating  substantially  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,214. — Oldxn  Nichols. — Improvement  in  Windlasses. — Patented 
January  9,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  202.) 

The  chain-cylinder  B  has  (underneath  the  pawls  C  and  M)  two 
grooves,  L  and  N,  which  bring  every  other  link  of  the  chain  perpen¬ 
dicular  wdth  the  axis  of  the  cylinder,  as  it  passes  under  the  pawd.  The 
surface  of  the  conical  cylinder  is  reduced  towards  the  needle  by  a 
series  of  graduations,  to  insure  the  perfect  and  free  working  ol  the 
chain.  Under  the  cylinder  there  are  two  stationary  guiding-arms 
I  I,  to  guide  the  chain  as  it  passes  on  or  off  from  the  cylinder  ;  the 
right-hand  one  brings  the  chain  partly  off  the  edge  of  the  first  gra¬ 
dation  of  the  cylinder,  and,  consequently,  the  rest  of  the  chain-coil 
follows  a  similar  course  on  the  other  gradations.  Two  movable  arms 
J  J  are  held  in  their  working  position  by  the  stops  o;  the  one  at  the 
right-hand  is  for  the  purpose  of  guiding  the  chain  into  the  groove  L 
continually  as  it  is  drawn  into  the  vessel,  and  the  left-hand  one  throws 
the  chain  out  of  the  groove  N  as  it  passes  around  the  cylinder,  so  as 
not  to  ride  or  come  in  contact  with  itself  when  it  passes  out  of  the  ship. 
When  the  chain  is  to  be  let  out,  the  right-hand  guide  is  moved  from 
the  cylinder,  and  thus  held  fast  by  the  stop  o  ;  and  the  left-hand  guide 
is  moved  to  the  surface  of  the  cylinder,  and  held  last  in  that  position 
by  the  other  stop  o.  Thus  the  top  part  of  the  guide  keeps  the  chain  in 


XII. — MECHANICAL  POWERS.  765 

the  proper  position,  so  as  to  be  stopped  by  the  pawls  when  it  is  let  out 
or  drawn  in. 

The  chain,  winding  several  times  around  the  cylinder,  can  be  stopped 
much  easier  by  the  pawl  M  than  it  could  by  letting  the  pawl  C  drop 
on  to  the  said  chain,  which  would  bring  the  whole  strain  upon  it  and 
the  cylinder. 

Claim. — 1st.  The  cylinder  B,  made  substantially  and  operated  essen¬ 
tially  and  for  the  purpose  as  set  forth. 

2d.  The  action  or  co-operation  of  one  or  more  pawls  with  the  cylin¬ 
der  B,  so  arranged  with  this  cylinder  as  to  come  in  contact  with  and 
firmly  hold  the  chain  when  passing  either  way  over  the  top  of  this 
cylinder,  which  constitutes,  with  the  pawls  C  and  M,  both  the  windlass 
and  stopper,  when  constructed  and  operated  essentially  as  set  forth. 

3d.  The  combination  of  the  cylinder  B,  the  pawls  C  and  M,  and  the 
adjustable  guides  J,  all  or  either  two  of  them,  for  raising,  stopping  and 
fleeting  chain  cables,  they  being  constructed  and  operated  essentially 
and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  13,429. — W.  N.  Gesner. — Improvement  in  Windlasses . — Patented 

August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  202,) 

The  strain  or  bearing  to  which  the  pulley  F,  when  in  use,  is  subject¬ 
ed,  is  not  transmitted  to  the  shaft  or  any  working  part  of  the  windlass. 

Claim. — The  employment  or  use  of  the  guide-pulley  F,  attached  to 
the  frame  E,  the  frame  being  connected  to  the  framing  or  block  A,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  shown  and  described  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,778.— John  How. — Improved  Machine  for  Bundling  Fleeces  of 

Wool. — Patented  May  1,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  202.) 

The  ends  of  a  number  of  twine  balls  d  pass  through  guides  a 
in  the  bottom  a  of  the  box,-  and  between  the  straps  k,  guides 
f  string-raisers  ql,  and  guide  a1.  The  straps  k  pass  through  a  slot  in  the 
bottom  a ,  and  are  made  adjustable  in  the  piece  l  underneath  the  box, 
to  adapt  them  to  any  size  of  bale,  and  their  ends  within  the  box  are 
fastened  to  a  piece  i.  The  pieces  having  been  laid  in  the  front  part  of 
the  box,  the  piece  i  is  raised,  carried  forward,  and  by  means  of  hook  h 
secured  to  lever  g;  this  lever  is  then  brought  down  and  fastened  by 
chain  gl  to  a  hook  n1  on  arm  n,  which  holds  the  fleece  in  press.  The 
rear  end  of  the  hinged  lever  p  is  then  freed  from  catch  O,  and  drops 
down,  thereby  raising  its  other  end,  to  which  are  attached  the  string- 
carriers  q1,  over  which  the  strings  pass.  The  strings  thus  raised  up  are 
taken  one  at  a  time  and  tied  around  the  bale. 

Claim. — In  combination  with  the  packing  box,  the  adjustable  straps 
k ,  with  their  piece  i,  and  the  levers  g  andy>  for  pressing  the  bale,  and 
furnishing  in  a  convenient  position  for  the  operator  the  strings  or  cords 
by  which  the  pressed  fleeces  are  baled  up,  substantially  as  described. 


766 


XIII. — GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING. 


XIII.— GRINDING-MILL  S  AND  GEARING. 


No.  13,843. — -Thomas  H.  Corbett. — Improvement  in  Belt-couplings. — 

Patented  November  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  203.) 

The  clamps  consist  each  of  two  jaws  a  a  hinged  together  at  c .  By 
driving  the  wedge  C  between  the  outer  ends  of  the  jaws,  their  rear  ends, 
provided  with  little  teeth,  will  be  forced  into  the  ends  of  belt  A  so  as 
to  hold  it  securely,  and  the  two  clamps  and  consequently  the  two  ends 
of  the  belt  will  be  secured  together  by  the  wedge  C. 

I  claim  coupling  the  two  ends  of  a  belt  or  any  two  objects  together 
by  means  of  two  clamps  B  and  a  double-wedge  key,  substantially  as 
and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  12,349. — F.  B.  Hunt  &  Ellis  Nordyke. — Improved  Wire-Cloth 

Flour-Bolt . — Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  203.  ) 

The  inventors  say  :  We  do  not  claim  a  wire-cloth  bolt,  with  revolv¬ 
ing  brushes  working  within  it ;  for  they  have  been  previously  used. 

But  we  claim  the  peculiar  means  shown  for  graduating  the  pressure 
of  the  brushes  F  against  the  wire-cloth  of  the  bolt,  viz  :  the  loose  hubs 
I  I  on  the  shaft  C  being  attached  by  arms  H  to  slides  G,  which  work 
on  the  outer  sides  of  the  stationary  arms  c ,  the  outer  end  of  the  slides 
G  being  attached  to  the  brush-bars  F,  which  fit  in  the  forked  ends  of 
said  arms  c ,  the  hubs  I  I  by  being  moved  on  the  shaft  c,  expanding  or 
contracting  the  brush-bars,  as  desired,  the  hubs  being  secured  in  the 
proper  position  by  the  rods  g  J.  (See  engraving.) 


No  12,422. — Samuel  Taggart. — Improvement  in  Feeding  Flour-Bolts. 

— Patented  February  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  203.) 

The  meal  to  be  bolted  falls  upon  hopper-b©y  B,  and  as  shaft  D 
rotates  motion  is  given  to  flight-arm  E.  The  flights  e  carry  the  meal 
towards  the  centre  of  the  hopper-boy,  and  it  falls  through  openings  b  b 
into  annular  chamber  C,  the  meal  being  cooled  in  its  passage  from  the 
periphery  of  the  hopper-boy  to  the  annular  chamber.  The  sweepers 
d  d ,  as  they  revolve,  force  the  meal  from '  the  annular  chamber  into 
spouts  G  G,  which  convey  it  to  the  bolts. 

The  inventor  says :  I  claim  neither  the  hopper-boy  nor  the  flight- 
arm,  with  flights  attached,  separately,  for  they  have  been  previously 
used. 

But  I  claim  the  combination  of  the  annular  chamber  C  with  its 
sweepers  d  d ,  as  arranged  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


XIII. — GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING. 


767 


No.  13,541. — Geo.  H.  Coney. — Improvement  in  the  3Iethod  of  Secu¬ 
ring  Keys  in  Connecting -Bods ,  dec. — Patented  September  11,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  203.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  will  be  understood  from  the  claim  and 
engravings. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  a  screw-nut  and  a  screw,  divided  longi¬ 
tudinally,  as  described,  as  a  means  by  which  to  hold  the  key  in  its 
place. 


No.  13.192. — George  Butler  Willison. — Improvement  in  Cooling  and 

Drying  Flour. — Patented  July  3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  203.) 

An  annular  flange  r  of  gum-elastic  or  other  suitable  material,  attached 
to  and  projecting  from  the  under  surface  of  the  top  of  the  curb  which 
touches  the  surface  of  the  stone  around  the  hole  in  the  centre  of  the 
upper  mill-stone,  prevents  the  current  of  air  from  passing  down  that 
cavity ;  and  a  tangential  flange  t,  extending  from  the  circumference  of 
the  flange  r  to  the  side  of  the  curb,  and  thence  passing  down  the  side 
of  the  curb  so  near  to  the  base  of  the  curb  as  merely  to  allow  of  the 
passage  under  it  of  the  scrapers  attached  to  the  circumference  of  the 
upper  mill-stone  at  its  base,  and  terminating  at  one  side  of  opening  p, 
which  admits  the  draft,  serves  to  give  direction  to  the  current  of  air 
and  causes  it  to  pass  around  and  over  the  stone  in  a  regular  course. 

Claim. — The  application  of  a  draft  of  cold  air  over  and  around  the 
upper  mill-stone  in  grist  mills,  between  the  stone  and  the  curb,  to  pre¬ 
vent  sweating  on  the  stones  and  curb,  and  to  cool  and  dry  the  flour  by 
means  of  the  fan  A,  in  combination  with  the  annular  and  tangential 
flanges  inside  the  curb,  to  serve  as  a  guide  for  the  current  of  air  and 
the  ventilating  tube  or  tubes,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  set 
forth. 


No.  12,378. — Geo.  Daniels. — Improvement  in  Threshers  and  Cleaners 
of  Gram. — Patented  February  13,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  203.) 

The  object  of  this  improvement  is  to  produce  a  simple,  cheap,  and 
easily-constructed  apparatus  for  threshing,  cleaning,  and  bagging  grain 
in  the  fields.  The  operation  of  the  machine  will  be  plainly  understood 
from  an  inspection  of  the  engraving. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  a  skeleton  cylinder,  nor  inclined 
planes,  nor  a  blower-case  containing  a  fan  attached  to  threshers  and 
cleaners,  irrespective  of  the  peculiar  construction  of  each,  as  described; 
nor  do  I  claim  placing  a  fan  upon  the  shaft  of  a  beating  cylinder,  as  this 
combination  has  been  known  and  used  before. 

But  I  claim ,  1st.  A  skeleton  cylinder,  in  combination  with  a  cast-iron 
bed-plate  E,  constructed  as  and  for  the  purposes  specified. 

2d.  I  claim  the  four  inclined  planes  G,  placed  in  relation  to  each 
other,  as  described,  each  at  an  angle  of  about  45°,  as  described,  and 
so  as  to  leave  an  oblong  opening  between  them  for  the  passage  of  the 
grain  and  chaff  to  the  receiving-box,  substantially  as  and  for  the  pur¬ 
poses  described. 


768 


XIII. — GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING. 


3d.  I  claim  the  blower-case  B,  the  receiving-box  C,  with  its  inclined 
plane  /  at  ils  end,  arranged  and  combined  on  the  outside  of  the  box, 
or  body  of  the  machine,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  12,512. — George  Leach. — Improved  Grain-Cleaner. — Patented 

March  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  204.) 

The  tangential  portions  of  furrows  Ji  and  the  tangential  furrows  e 
keep  the  eye  free,  as  they  conduct  the  grain  quickly  outwards,  while 
the  curved  portions  of  the  grooves  g  and  grooves  f  retard  the  passage 
of  the  grain  outward,  so  that  it  cannot  pass  too  quickly  through. 

Claim. — Dressing  or  furrowing  the  stones  by  having  the  furrows  or 
grooves  e  f  cut  in  the  face  of  the  bed-stone  B,  and  the  furrows  or 
grooves  g  h  in  the  face  of  the  runner  C,  said  furrows  or  grooves  being 
in  the  form  or  shape  as  shown  and  described,  and  for  the  purpose  set 
forth. 


No.  12,657. — Benj.  T.  Trimmer. — Improved  Grain-Cleaner. — Patent¬ 
ed  April  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  204.) 

The  wheat  passes  on  and  over  the  revolving-plate  m,  down  the  sides 
between  the  concave  and  convex  cone,  and  is  here  exposed  to  the 
scouring  action  of  the  spring-teeth  J  and  to  the  teeth  X  on  the  concave  ; 
the  wheat  then  descends  to  the  scouring-plate  n,  across  which  it  is 
scrolled  to  the  centre  by  the  spiral  scroll  z  z  formed  of  India-rubber. 
This  scroll  exerts  a  further  wiping  action  on  the  wheat,  and.  delivers 
it  on  to  the  next  scouring-plate.  A  set  screw  (not  shown  in  the  en¬ 
gravings)  serves  to  raise  or  lower  the  bridge-tree  upon  which  the  shaft 
2  rests,  by  which  means  the  scouring-teeth  and  India-rubber  scroll  are 
brought  to  bear  more  heavily  on  the  wheat,  which  may  be  done  with¬ 
out  danger  of  bruising  the  berries,  as  the  spring-teeth  and  scroll  are 
yielding. 

I  claim  the  construction  and  arrangement  of  the  India-rubber  scroll 
and  spring-teeth  regulated  by  the  bridge-tree,  for  the  purpose  and  in 
the  manner  substantially  as  described. 


No.  13,103. — Harrison  D.  Beynolds. — Improvement  in  Grain-Cleaners. 
— Patented  June  19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  204.) 

This  improvement  consists  in  the  use  of  a  conducting  apparatus  pro¬ 
vided  with  openings  and  valves  at  various  points  in  its  length,  whereby 
the  grain  is  conveyed  to  any  part  of  the  scouring-cylinder  that  may  be 
desired,  in  order  to  expose  the  grain  to  the  scouring  action  for  a  longer 
or  shorter  time. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  devices  described,  separately 
considered  ;  but  I  claim  the  openings  q  in  combination  with  the  con¬ 
ductor  r  and  scouring-cylinder  s ,  arranged  substantially  as  described, 
for  the  purpose  specified. 


XIII. — GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING.  769 

No.  13,937. — Jonathan  L.  Booth. — Improvement  in  Groin-Cleaning 

Machines. — Patented  December  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  204.) 

The  beaters  J  throw  the  grain  as  it  passes  out  of  pipe  li  against  the 
corrugations  on  the  inside  of  shell  A ,  and  thereby  cause  it  to  be  scoured. 
The  fan  H  causes  a  current  of  air  to  pass  through  wire-cloth  passages 
d ,  down  through  the  space  between  the  cylinder  and  shell,  and  up 
through  the  interior  of  the  cylinder  into  the  fan-box  D  ;  and  the  pulver¬ 
ized  smut  and  dirt  will  follow  the  blast  or  current,  and  be  ejected  from 
the  fan-box  D.  The  cleansed  grain  will  fall  upon  the  basin  K,  and 
pass  through  the  holes  i  and  out  through  pipe  L.  At  this  point  the 
grain  will  be  subjected  to  another  blast,  which  passes  into  the  lower 
part  of  shell  A,  through  the  holes  c  into  the  lower  part  of  tube  L,  and 
up  through  cylinder  G. 

Claim. — 1st.  In  combination  with  the  fan-box  D  enclosing  the  fan 
H,  and  provided  with  the  hollow  shaft  through  which  the  grain  is  fed, 
the  cylinder  G,  shell  A,  and  conical  basin  K,  arranged  in  the  manner 
described,  for  the  purposes  specified. 

2d.  The  inverted  conical  basin  K,  with  the  tube  or  pipe  L,  provided 
with  apertures  i  attached,  in  combination  with  the  shell  A,  cylinder  G, 
and  fan-box  D,  substantially  as  shown  and  described. 

3d.  Feeding  the  grain  into  the  space  between  the  shell  A  and  cylin¬ 
der  G  by  means  of  the  hollow  shaft  E  and  arms  h  A,  arranged  as  shown  ; 
whereby  the  grain  is  evenly  fed  into  said  space  without  interrupting  or 
obstructing  the  current  or  blast  which  passes  up  through  the  cylinder*, 
and  the  machine  also  rendered  compact  and  efficient. 


No.  12,586. — "William  H.  Elliot. — Improvement  in  the  Combination 

of  Speed  and  Resistance  Governors. — Patented  March  27,  1855. — - 

(Plates,  p.  204.) 

b  is  the  steam-box;  m  inlet,  m1  outlet-pipe,  the  inner  end  of  the  inlet- 
pipe  being  closed  up ;  o  cylindrical  valve  fitting  over  the  end  of  the 
inlet-pipe,  through  each  side  of  which  there  is  an  openings,  and  through 
each  side  of  the  inlet-pipe  there  is  also  an  opening  n 1  exactly  corres¬ 
ponding  in  size  and  shape  with  the  opening  in  the  valve.  When  these 
openings  correspond  in  position,  the  valve  is  open  and  the  steam 
escapes  into  the  steam-box,  and  out  of  it  at  the  outlet-pipe  ml ;  but  the 
valve  is  made  to  close  these  openings  by  either  of  two  motions :  one 
by  revolving  around  the  inlet-pipe,  which  is  controlled  by  the  velocity- 
governor,  and  one  by  sliding  longitudinally  over  the  inlet-pipe,  which 
motion  is  controlled  by  the  resistance-governor,  so  that  each  governor 
has  perfect  control  over  the  valve-opening,  without  being  influenced  by 
the  other.  Valve-rod  p  passes  through  the  end  of  the  steam-box,  by 
which  means  the  valve  receives  both  its  motions.  It  receives  its  lon¬ 
gitudinal  motion  from  a  resistance-governor,  through  forked  lever  h.  g 
is  an  arm  secured  to  the  valve-rod,  through  which  pin  w  passes  freely  i 
as  the  pin  projects  from  segment  r,  any  motion  of  the  segment  is  com¬ 
municated  to  the  valve  by  means  of  the  pin  w,  the  armg,  and  the  valve- 
rod  p. 


49 


770  XIII. - GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  a  centrifugal  governor,  or  a  resist¬ 
ance  governor,  when  used  separately  ;  as  I  am  aware  that  a  governor 
of  the  latter  character  was  patented  by  W.  Gardner,  June  10,  1851. 

But  I  claim  the  combination  of  a  speed  governor  with  a  resistance- 
governor,  in  such  a  manner  that  each  shall  exert  its  own  proper  effect 
upon  the  motive-power,  producing  thereby  a  compound  resultant  regu¬ 
lation  without  either  of  the  said  governors  interfering  with  the  action 
of  the  other,  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,549.—  Jonathan  Nesbitt,  Jr.,  and  Thomas  J.  Cosley. — Im¬ 
provement  in  Hominy -Machines. — Patented  September  11,  1855. 

(Plates,  p.  204.) 

The  beater  C  has  four  faces — E  E,  F  F.  The  faces  E  E  are  flat; 
the  faces  F  F  have  screw-like  projections  G  so  arranged  that  if  con¬ 
tinued  across  the  faces  E  E,  these  projections  would  meet,  and  by  the 
action  of  their  inclined  sides  propel  the  corn  through  the  concave  A, 
and  beat  it  and  break  it.  The  teeth  N  stir  and  clean  the  corn,  and  pre¬ 
vent  the  machine  from  clogging.  To  break  the  corn  more  effectually 
than  would  be  done  with  an  entire  screw-thread,  the  screw-threads  F 
are  interrupted  by  flat  faces  E. 

We  claim  the  construction  of  the  beater,  as  set  forth  ;  the  same  con¬ 
sisting  in  a  beater  provided  with  four  faces,  two  of  which  are  plane  or 
squared,  and  two  provided  with  the  inclined  or  screw-like  projections, 
in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  described. 

We  claim,  in  combination  with  such  beater,  the  two  rows  of  spurs 
in  its  plane  faces,  as  set  forth. 

No.  12,731. — John  Simpson. — Improvement  in  Horse-Powers . — Pat¬ 
ented  April  17,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  204.) 

The  main  driving-wffeel  A  has  no  central  bearing,  and  is  kept  in 
place  merely  by  the  pulleys  B  C  and  the  suspension-band  D.  The 
driving-wheel  rests  upon  the  driving-pulley  B,  and  the  rim  E  on  the 
side  of  the  driving-wheel  bears  upon  the  check-pulley  C.  The  object 
of  this  check-pulley  is  to  throw  the  foot  of  the  wheel  back,  as  the 
wheel  is  drawn  or  pressed  forward  by  the  action  of  the  horses  upon  the 
planks  EL  of  the  suspension-band  D.  The  planks  H  are  laid  across  and 
hooked  to  each  other  by  iron  straps  h.  The  lower  or  returning  portion 
of  the  suspension-band  runs  on  friction-rollers  m. 

The  object  of  the  whole  arrangement  is  to  simplify  the  construction 
and  to  avoid  gearing. 

The  inventor  says:  I  do  not  claim  a  driving-wheel  without  central 
shaft  or  bearing ;  but  what  I  claim  as  my  improvement  in  horse-powers 
is:  1st.  The  employment  of  the  large  or  main  vertical  driving-wheel 
without  central  bearings,  in  combination  with  the  suspension-band,  in 
,the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  herein  set  forth. 

2d.  In  combination  with  the  driving-wheel  without  central  bearings, 
and  the  suspension-band,  the  inner  rim  E  and  the  pulley  C,  so  arranged 
as  to  throw  the  foot  of  the  driving-wheel  back,  all  in  the  manner  as 
herein  set  forth. 


XIII. - GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING.  77 1 

No.  12,782. — Clement  Russell. — Improvement  in  Horse-Powers — ■ 
Patented  May  1,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  205.) 

The  box  C  for  the  axis  A  is  made  in  two  parts,  D  and  D1,  which  are 
inserted  in  the  oblong  slot  E,  the  part  D1  from  above,  and  D  from 
underneath,  until  the  flanges  a  bear  against  the  ways  b  and  b1.  The 
nut  H  on  the  lower  end  of  the  axis  A  forces  all  parts  snugly  together. 
The  axis  A  is  allowed  to  slide  freely  back  and  forth  in  slot  E,  and 
thereby  to  adjust  the  pinions  to  the  irregularities  in  the  cogged  circum¬ 
ference  of  the  driving-wheel  B. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  having  the  axis  of  the  main  driving- 
wheel  of  double-geared  horse-power  movable,  as  this  is  common. 

But  1  do  claim  providing  a  broad  solid  flanged  box  or  centre  C  for 
the  axis  A  to  rest  in  when  said  box  is  made  in  two  parts  D  D1,  and 
fitted  and  confined  by  the  axis  itself,  and  flanges  a  a  a  in  an  oblong  slot 
E  formed  in  a  bridge  F,  as  constructed  and  arranged  in  the  manner 
and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,167. — H.  H.  Fultz. — Improved  Horse-Power. — Patented  July  3, 

1855.  (Plates,  p.  205.) 

The  object  of  this  improvement  (the  nature  of  which  will  be  under¬ 
stood  from  the  engraving)  is  to  simplify  the  construction  of  horse-power. 

Claim. — The  application  of  the  driving-wheel  C  in  combination  with 
the  shaft  A  and  pinion  D,  when  constructed  and  operating  in  the  man¬ 
ner  described  for  the  purpose  specified. 


No.  13,955. — Samuel  Pelton. — Improvement  in  Horse-Powers. — Pat¬ 
ented  December  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  205.) 

This  construction  is  to  prevent  throwing  out  of  their  proper  po¬ 
sition  any  of  the  cogs,  they  being  preserved  by  the  perfect  balance 
thereof  on  the  central  line  of  force.  This  effect  is  secured  by  making 
the  under  side  of  the  wheels  of  a  disc  form,  (see  fig.  3,)  thus  shorten¬ 
ing  their  bearings  on  the  under  side,  and  giving  an  equal  length  of  le¬ 
verage,  which  form  gives  an  equality  of  pressure  the  full  length  of 
their  journal  and  breadth  of  their  cogs  ;  xx  represents  the  central  line 
of  force.  It  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  fig.  2  that  the  same  balance 
is  secured  by  extending  its  bearings  as  far  below  the  centre  line  of 
pressure  P  against  its  journals  as  the  journal  H  rises  above  line  P. 
The  four  levers  U,  to  which  the  horses  are  attached,  are  secured  to  the 
master-wheel  N  by  bolts  passing  through  the  end  of  the  lever,  and  also 
through  a  clamp  3  for  preventing  the  lever  from  rising  too  high,  yet 
allows  of  sufficient  movement  to  prevent  undue  strain  on  the  master- 
wheel.  The  four  braces  V  are  riveted  to  the  levers  by  bolts  4.  I  G 
L  ha  are  the  wheels. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  triple-gear  horse-powers,  con¬ 
structed  and  arranged  upon  the  same  general  principles  as  mine,  are  not 
new.  I  therefore  do  not  claim  this  arrangement. 

But  I  claim  the  improvement  fully  described,  consisting  in  centreing 


XIII. — GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING. 


772 

the  wheels  and  pinions  upon  their  several  axles  and  bearings  by  bevel¬ 
ling  or  dishing  the  wheels,  and  extending  their  bearings  in  the  manner 
described,  whereby  the  pressure  is  equalized  on  the  journals  above 
and  below  each  pinion  and  wheel ;  thereby  preventing  the  unequal 
wear  of  the  axles  and  journals,  and  consequently  avoiding  every  ten¬ 
dency  of  the  gearing  to  twist  and  break. 

I  claim  the  mode  of  constructing  and  attaching  the  levers  U  U  U  U, 
and  levers  V  V  V  V,  substantially  as  described,  for  the  purposes  set 
forth. 


No.  13,029. — Geo.  L.  Dulaney. — Improvement  in  Mill-Brushes. — Pat¬ 
ented  June  12,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  205.) 

Disc  D  is  situated  in  a  recess  in  the  bottom  of  shell  B,  where  it  is  al¬ 
lowed  to  turn  freely.  The  cheeks  C  occupy  spaces  of  a  similar  shape 
in  the  shell,  fit  around  spindle  A,  and  rest  upon  the  movable  disc. 
The  exterior  side  of  each  cheek  is  curved  in  such  manner  as  to  meet 
the  inner  curve  at  one  edge,  and  leave  it  thick  at  the  other  edge,  thus 
giving  it  a  wedge  shape.  These  cheeks  fit  into  spaces  in  the  shell  B 
of  corresponding  shape,  but  having  additional  room  not  occupied  at 
the  backs  thereof  (see  figs.  1  and  2).  Between  these  spaces  are  wings 
a  curving  in  from  the  outer  portion  of  the  shell  to  the  spindle.  The 
disc  is  provided  with  projections  b  equal  to  the  number  of  cheeks. 
They  bear  against  the  backs  of  the  cheeks  respectively,  so  that  as  the 
disc  is  caused  to  turn  in  the  direction  of  the  arrows,  the  cheeks  will 
move  with  it.  One  edge  of  wedge  E  (inserted  into  a  concentric  slot  d) 
bears  against  the  shell  B,  and  the  other  edge  acts  against  disc  D  or 
(as  represented  in  the  figures)  against  one  of  the  projections  b  of  the 
disc.  The  wedge  by  its  weight  causes  the  disc  to  move  in  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  the  arrows,  which  causes  all  the  cheeks  to  closely  wedge  in 
the  spindle  A  as  fast  as  it  wears  so  as  to  allow  them  to  do  so.  The 
spindle  is  thus  kept  steady. 

Claim. — The  wedge-cheeks  C  C  C,  moveable  disc  D,  and  selfacting 
wedge  E,  or  their  equivalents,  combined  and  operating  substantially 
in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  12,431. — Chas.  W.  Brown,  assignor  to  Geo.  W.  Banker  and 
Geo.  0.  Carpenter. — Improvement  in  Paint-Mill. — Patented  Feb¬ 
ruary  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  205.) 

Claim . — 1st.  Attaching  the  trough  N,  which  receives  the  ground  paint 
or  material,  to  the  running-stone  F,  so  that  it  may  rotate  therewith,  for 
the  purpose  of  obviating  the  difficulty  experienced  in  paint-mills,  whose 
lower  stone  is  the  runner,  of  keeping  the  paint  from  running  over  the 
sides  of  the  stone,  and  settling  between  the  stone  and  the  curb  sur¬ 
rounding  it,  where  it  soon  makes  a  hard  bed  which  produces  a  great 
friction,  as  set  forth. 

2d.  In  combining  with  a  paint-trough,  rotating  with  the  runner,  a 
fixed  scraper  o  and  guards  q  and  r,  to  cause  the  paint  to  flow  over  and 


XIII. — GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING. 


773 


out  of  said  trough,  and  be  guided  into  any  suitable  receptacle,  whilst 
the  mill  continues  to  run,  substantially  as  described.  (See  engraving.) 


No.  12,707. — David  E.  Faynter,  assignor  to  Israel  M.  Bissell. — 

Improved  Paint-Mill. — Patented  April  10,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  205.) 

The  double  cone  s  t  v  D  runs  with  its  part  s  t  v  within  a  stationary 
conical  barrel  A.  The  part  5  is  smooth  and  fits  the  inner  circumfer¬ 
ence  of  the  smaller  base  of  the  barrel ;  the  part  t  and  v  of  the  cone  is 
provided  with  spiral  grooves,  which  being  deep  on  part  t  taper  off  on 
part  v  and  stop  a  short  distance  off  the  large  base  of  the  cone  so  as  to 
leave  there  a  short  smooth  surface ;  from  the  large  base  the  cone  D 
slops  down  and  terminates  in  pivot  E.  The  frustro- conical  surface, 
embracing  the  outer  edges  of  the  deep  teeth  on  part  t ,  is  sunk  a  little  be¬ 
low  5  and  v.  At  the  bottom  edge  of  hopper  B,  where  it  meets  barrel  A, 
and  at  the  side  nearer  to  the  large  base  of  the  cone,  said  bottom  edge 
is  provided  with  a  series  of  deep  notches.  The  barrel  A  has  also  lon¬ 
gitudinal  grooves,  corresponding  in  depth  with  the  grooves  on  the  parts 
Zand  v  of  the  cone.  The  material  passes  from  the  hopper  and  is  ground  by 
part  z,  this  operation  being  assisted  by  the  said  deep  notches.  The 
portion  Z  being  sunk,  as  above  said,  a  considerable  quantity  of  the  ma¬ 
terial  is  admitted  into  this  space.  The  spiral  teeth  carry  the  material 
on,  further  triturating  it,  to  the  smooth  end  of  part  v ,  whence,  after 
becoming  further  levigated,  it  is  discharged  on  the  cone  D  and  scraped 
off  by  scraper  M. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  mills  with  conical  grinding  sur¬ 
faces  are  commonly  used.  I  am  also  aware  that  many  of  the  features 
described  above  have  been  used  in  connexion  with  other  mills.  I  there¬ 
fore  do  not  wish  to  claim  such  parts  individually ;  but  what  I  desire  to 
secure  by  letters  patent  is,  the  arrangement  and  combination  of  the 
whole  of  the  parts  contained  in  the  foregoing  specification ;  that  is  to 
say,  I  claim  the  double  cone  D,  constructed  as  shown  ats  Z  and  v,  in 
combination  with  the  barrel  A,  substantially  as  described  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  specified. 


No.  13,16E — Julius  C.  Dickey. — Improved  Mill-Step. — Patented  July 
3,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  205.) 

By  raising  lever  E,  the  roller  D  is  forced  up  the  inclined  plane  of 
lever  E,  and  thus  the  spindle  A  is  raised  or  depressed.  The  tube 
which  contains  the  pot  is  secured  to  the  tram-block  foundation  by 
means  of  cams  F,  the  cams  being  pressed  against  the  tube  and  up¬ 
rights  cast  on  the  tram-block  foundation,  for  the  purpose  of  giving  the 
spindle  its  lateral  motion. 

Claim. — The  application  of  the  roller  D  and  lever  E  for  adjusting  the 
height  of  the  mill-spindle,  when  the  latter  rests  in  the  tube  C,  and  said 
tube  is  secured  to  the  tram-block,  in  the  manner  set  forth. 


774 


XIII. — GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING. 


No.  13,954. — Isaac  N.  Parker. — Improvement  in  Mill-Spindle  Steps. — 

Patented  December  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  206.) 

B  represents  a  spindle-step,  secured  in  the  frame  A,  for  supporting 
the  lower  end  of  a  spindle-shaft.  The  upper  end  of  the  step  is  pro¬ 
vided  with  a  recess,  which  receives  the  end  of  the  spindle-shaft  C  ;  and 
around  the  recess  is  a  secondary  chamber  F,  which  contains  the  oil. 
The  passage  G  connects  the  recess  with  the  secondary  chamber,  and 
permits  the  oil  to  flow  through  said  passage  to  the  lower  end  of  the 
spindle  0  ;  and  thus,  when  said  spindle  revolves  with  great  velocity, 
the  lubricating  substance  is  not  apt  to  be  thrown  out  of  the  spindle 
recess. 

I  do  not  claim  the  step  described  in  W.  P.  Coleman’s  patent,  dated 
October  1,  1851,  as  such  is  well  known. 

I  claim  the  formation  in  the  step  of  the  oil-reservoir  F,  surrounding 
but  separated  from  the  spindle,  and  communicating  with  it  by  the 
opening  G,  at  its  bottom,  with  the  periphery  of  the  spindle,  substan¬ 
tially  in  the  manner  described  and  for  the  purposes  fully  set  forth. 


No.  12,408. — Chas.  R.  Barnes. — Improved  Mill-Stone  Dress  for  Hull 
ing  Rice. — Patented  February  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  206.) 

Figure  1  represents  the  runner,  and  figure  2  the  bed-stone.  The 
rice,  passing  in  between  the  stones  at  the  eye  A  of  the  runner,  is  car¬ 
ried  by  the  velocity  of  the  stone  towards  its  outer  edge  till  it  strikes 
the  furrows  B,  when,  being  turned  upon  its  longest  diameter,  it  passes 
on  to  the  curved  furrows  C,  when  it  is  again  turned  upon  its  longest 
diameter  ;  and  then,  coming  in  contact  with  the  curved  furrows  E,  in 
connexion  with  the  curved  furrows  C  and  straight  furrows  D,  they  are 
made  to  rotate  in  all  directions,  and  checked  in  their  course  towards 
the  outer  edge  of,  and  prevented  from  leaving  the  stones  too  soon. 

Claim. — The  method  described  of  dressing  horizontal  stones  for 
hulling  rice,  the  runner  having  curved  furrows,  in  connexion  with  or 
separate  from  straight  furrows,  and  the  bed-stone  having  smaller  curves 
draughted  thereon,  substantially  as  described  and  shown. 


No.  13,115. — Geo.  L.  Dulaney,  assignor  to  Reueen  Allen. — Improved 

Mill-Dress. — Patented  June  19,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  206.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  by  reference  to 
the  engraving. 

The  inventor  says :  I  claim  the  construction  of  what  I  call  a  com¬ 
pound-elbow  mill-dress,  by  the  divisional  mode  of  calculation  described, 
having  main  elbow-leads,  gutters,  or  grooves,  formed  with  secondary 
or  branch  elbow-leads  or  comeys,  communicating  directly  therewith, 
instead  of  being  a  distinct  or  separate  series. 

The  said  compound  elbow-dress  being  formed  upon  the  face  of  a 
mill-stone,  having  an  inward  sloping  or  dressed  surface,  together  with 
an  outward  sloping  feed  or  supply  circle,  specifically  as  described  and 
for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


XIII. — GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING.  775 

No.  13,384. — Robert  Cochran. — Improved  Method  of  Hanging  Mill- 
Stones. — Patented  August  7,  1S55.  (Plates,  p.  206.) 

It  will  be  understood  from  the  claim  and  engravings  how  the  mill¬ 
stone  will  true  itself,  if,  on  being  put  in  motion,  it  is  not  true. 

Claim. — The  movable  cock-eye  2  placed  inthe  recess  3  3  on  the  top 
of  the  spindle,  to  co-operate  with  the  cock-head  4  fit  in  the  balance- 
rine  5  5,  or  their  mechanical  equivalents,  the  whole  being  substan¬ 
tially  as  described,  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,985. — Bishop  J.  Harris. — Improved  Mode  of  Dressing  Mill¬ 
stones,  for  Scouring  and  Hulling  Buclavheat,  Sfc. — Patented  Decem¬ 
ber  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  206.) 

The  nature  of  this  invention  consists  in  dressing  horizontal  mill  stones 
with  a  smooth  dress  and  without  furrows,  by  bosoming  the  stones,  both 
runner  and  bed-stone,  one-third  the  distance  from  the  eye  towards  the 
skirt  being  bevelled  towards  the  eye  in  a  direct  slant,  making  the  slant  of 
the  bosom  not  less  than  three-sixteenths  of  an  inch  for  each  stone  where 
the  stones  are  two  feet  and  a  half  in  diameter. 

I  claim  the  smooth  and  bevelled  dress  of  mill-stones  for  scouring  and 
bulling  buckwheat,  by  which  method  the  buckwheat  is  longer  retained 
within  the  bosom  of  the  stones  and  more  effectually  scoured  without 
injury  to  the  kernel  than  by  any  other  known  mode. 


No.  12,822. — A.  Lempeke. — Mode  of  Checking  Wind-Mill. — Patented 

May  8,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  206.) 

The  depression  of  foot-lever  J  will  raise  rod  K ;  the  screw  M  will 
catch  with  the  fork  t,  and  throw  the  rod  L  and  sleeve  D1  outward  to¬ 
wards  the  sails. 

Claim. — Operating  the  sleeve  or  collar  D1,  or  moving  said  sleeve  or 
collar  on  the  shaft  C  towards  the  wings  or  sails  d  by  means  of  the  screw 
M  on  the  shaft  C,  rod  L,  attached  to  the  sleeve  or  collar  D1,  and  lever 
J,  as  herein  shown;  whereby  the  chains  e1  are  slackened  and  the  wings 
or  sails  allowed  to  turn  edgewise  to  the  wind,  thereby  presenting  no  sur¬ 
face  to  the  wind,  and  consequently  stopping  the  mill,  as  herein  described. 


•* 

No.  12,348. — John  S.  Griffith. — Improved  Corn  and  Cob  Crusher . — 

Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  206.) 

The  stacks  are  held  on  end  upon  the  platform  p  and  in  contact  with 
the  holders  q ,  while  the  revolution  of  the  frustrum  holding  the  knives 
produces  the  cutting  of  the  stalk  into  pieces,  which,  dropping  between 
the  rotating  frustrums  and  concave,  are  by  the  teeth  thereof  crushed 
and  ground,  and  discharged  at  m. 

Claim. — The  combination  of  platform  p,  holders  q,  and  knives  l , 
arranged  with  the  crushing  frustums  and  concaves,  as  constructed  and 
operating  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


776 


XIII. — GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING. 


No.  12,-356. — Joel  Weigle. — Improved  Crushing  and  Grinding  Mill, — 

Patented  February  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  206.) 

The  grinder  b  has  coarser  corrugations  than  the  grinder  c ;  thecasing 
d  is  secured  to  the  platform  k  of  the  frame  of  the  machine  by  screws  m 
m,  and  slots  in  the  supporting-ears  1 1 ,  which  project  from  the  casing  so  as 
to  allow  of  a  lateral  adjustment.  The  casing  e  is  permanently  secured 
to  the  platform  by  means  of  ears  p  and  screws  r.  The  casings  are 
combined  by  lateral  ears  n  n  and  t  t  and  bolts  s ,  the  ears  n  n  having 
slots  for  the  bolts  to  work  in.  By  moving  the  casing  d  laterally  upon 
the  platform,  a  wider  space  can  be  produced  between  the  descending 
side  of  the  grinder  b  and  its  casing  than  there  is  between  the  opposite 
side  of  the  grinder  and  its  casing.  Corn  and  cobs  are  fed  through  tube 
g,  they  are  operated  upon  between  grinder  b  and  casing  d ,  and  the  cor¬ 
rugations  of  b  are  such  as  to  carry  the  stuff  to  the  inner  end  of  casing 
d  and  discharge  it  into  the  space  between  c  and  e,  when  it  is  carried 
forward  and  discharged  into  i.  When  shelled  corn  is  to  be  ground,  it 
is  fed  from  hopper  h  into  f  When  it  is  desired  to  grind  the  meal  finer 
or  coarser,  the  set  screw  v  is  turned  to  move  c  longitudinally,  and  there¬ 
by  to  vary  the  space  between  c  and  e  ;  and  when  it  is  desired  to  vary 
the  fineness  of  the  provender  formed  of  cobs  and  corn,  the  casing  d  is 
moved  laterally,  as  aboved  described. 

Claim. — Combining  with  the  crusher  b  and  the  grinder  c,  the  casings 
d  e,  in  such  a  manner  that  the  said  crusher  and  grinder  can  be  adjusted 
in  a  longitudinal  direction,  and  the  casing  d  of  the  crusher  be  adjusted 
in  a  lateral  direction,  substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose 
set  forth. 


No.  12,977. — Wm.D.  Wilson. — Improved  Corn  Grinder  and  Crusher . — 

Patented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  207.) 

The  lower  end  of  concave  E  is  hinged  at  b,  and  the  upper  part 
can  be  adjusted  by  set-screw  c.  The  platform  F  is  provided  for  the 
reception  of  the  com  and  the  attendant  to  stand  upon,  and  it  is  placed 
over  the  main  driving-wheel  G,  and  supported  by  the  parts  B1  of  the 
frame  of  the  machine.  Thus  the  attendant  will  not  be  in  the  way  of 
the  horse  as  he  travels  around  in  a  circle,  and  the  corn  to  be  ground  can 
be  dumped  upon  it,  and  thus  be  at  hand  ready  for  being  fed  into 
the  machine. 

Claim. — The  general  arrangement  and  combination  of  the  crushing- 
rollers  c  c\  grinding-roller  D,  adjustable  concave  E,  platform  F,  and 
gearing  GHI  J  KL  M,  substantially  as  and  for  the  purposes  set 
forth. 


No.  13,476. — Daniel  S.  James,  assignor  to  Himself,  J.  B.  White,  and 
J.  W.  McIntyre. — Improvement  in  Corn  and  Cobb  Mills. — Patented 
August  21,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  207.) 

The  rotary  shell  A  is  supported  upon  shoulder  a  of  spindle  B  by  arch 
b,  and  steadied  at  the  bottom  by  cogged-rim  R,  held  concentric  with  the 
shell  by  screws  g. 


XIII. - GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING. 


777 


The  inventor  says  :  I  make  no  claim  to  any  of  the  parts  of  the  ma¬ 
chine,  separately  considered ;  neither  do  I  claim  the  simultaneous  ro¬ 
tation  of  shell  and  burr,  nor  the  means  by  which  the  same  is  produced, 
as  such  is  not  new.  I  claim  suspending  the  rotary-shell  by  an  upper 
arch,  upon  a  shoulder  of  the  main  spindle,  when  the  said  shell  is  con¬ 
nected  at  the  bottom  with  the  burr,  as  described,  and  the  moving-power 
applied  directly  to  the  shell,  whereby  friction  is  greatly  diminished,  and 
consequent  facility  of  operation  attained. 


No.  13,569. — Rensselaer  D.  Granger. — Improvement  in  Corn  and 

Cobb  Mills. — Patented  September  18,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  201.) 

The  nature  of  this  improvement  will  be  understood  from  the  claim 
and  engravings. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  desire  to  confine  myself  to  any  particular 
number  of  arms  on  the  bridge-tree  C,  or  pieces  F  and  H,  as  that  must 
be  determined  by  the  size  of  the  mill ;  neither  do  T  wish  to  claim  any 
particular  size  or  arrangement  of  breaking  or  grinding-teeth.  But  I  claim 
the  adjustable  horizontal  guide-rollers  i,  in  combination  with  the  bridge- 
tree  G  e,  spindle  D,  and  spring  d ,  for  the  purpose  of  maintaining  a  uni¬ 
form  relative  position  of  the  shell  with  the  burr,  and  at  the  same  time 
allowing  the  former  to  yield  from  the  latter. 


No.  13,130. — Geo.  Patten. — Improvement  in  Corn  and  Cob  Mills . — 

Patented  October  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  201.) 

The  object  of  this  improvement  is  to  remedy  a  defect  existing  in 
mills  of  this  character,  owing  to  the  disparity  between  the  supply  of 
broken  ear  which  passes  to  the  fine-grinding  portion  of  the  machine 
and  the  grinding  capacity  of  said  portion.  The  crusher  being  double¬ 
surfaced  in  this  machine,  a  double  amount  of  breaking  is  constantly 
going  on,  the  products  of  which  unite  below  the  breaker,  and  constitute 
a  sufficient  supply  to  employ  the  entire  working  capacity  of  the  fine- 
grinding  portion  of  the  machine. 

Claim. — The  double-surfaced  breaker  and  crusher  D,  between  the 
upper  portions  of  shell  and  burr,  in  combination  with  a  shell  A  and 
burr  B,  constructed,  arranged,  and  operating  substantially  as  and  for 
the  purposes  specified. 


No.  14,002. — Thomas  B.  Stout. — Improvement  in  Corn  and  Cob  Mills. 

— Patented  December  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  201.) 

The  top  D  of  the  burr  can  be  vertically  adjusted  by  means  of  screws 
e  and  f  so  as  to  regulate  the  rapidity  and  degree  of  fineness  with  which 
the  grinding  proceeds.  The  auxiliary  burr  I  and  shell  H  are  intended 
for  grinding  corn  and  other  grain  into  fine  meal  and  even  flour.  The 
burr  I  is  taken  round  by  means  of  arms  p  of  driver  N  (keyed  to  the 
shaft  and  vertically  adjustable  by  nut  o')  abutting  against  projections  i 
on  said  burr.  Thus  the  burr  can  always  adapt  its  position  to  that  of  its 


778 


XIII. — GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING. 


shell.  The  spindle  adjustment,  by  means  of  the  rods  and  nuts  P  S  g 
/t,  will  be  understood  by  reference  to  the  engravings. 

Claim. — The  adjustable  “regulator”  D,  regulated  and  operating  in 
connexion  with  the  burr  G  and  shell  F,  substantially  in  the  manner 
and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 

Also,  coupling  the  spindle  to  the  burr  and  adjusting  it  therein  by 
means  of  the  recess  and  pin  d  and  the  radial  regulating  rods  S  S,  sub¬ 
stantially  as  described;  and  in  combination  therewith  the  adjustment  of 
the  upper  end  of  the  spindle  in  the  frame  by  the  rods  P  P,  or  their 
equivalents,  so  that  the  two  adjustments  may  harmonize  with  each 
other,  and  no  disarrangement  of  the  burr  in  its  shell  may  arise  in  the 
application  of  the  power  to  the  upper  end  of  the  spindle. 

Also,  the  auxiliary  loose  burr  I,  dressed  in  the  direction  opposite  to 
that  of  the  main  burr  G,  and  so  arranged  that  it  may  revolve  nearly  or 
quite  in  contact  with  and  adapt  its  position  to  that  of  its  shell  H,  un¬ 
restrained  by  the  paits  by  which  it  is  attached  and  driven,  substan¬ 
tially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  set  forth. 


No.  12,278. — Wm.  FI.  Harn. — Improved  Mill  for  Cutting  and  Grind¬ 
ing  Vegetables. — Patented  January  23,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  207.) 

A  series  of  knives  M  M,  on  cylinder  P,  pass  between  a  series  of  sta¬ 
tionary  knives  N,  so  as  to  slice  the  fruit  and  let  it  fall  on  and  pass 
between  the  fluted  grinding-cylinders  G  G1. 

Claim . — A  slicing  or  cutting  apparatus,  consisting  of  a  cylinder 
armed  with  knives,  and  working  in  connexion  with  stationary  knives, 
substantially  as  described,  in  combination  with  a  crushing  or  grinding 
apparatus,  substantially  such  as  described,  or  the  equivalent  thereof, 
the  whole  being  so  constructed  as  to  slice  the  fruit  or  vegetables,  and 
then  crush  or  grind  them  in  the  same  machine,  as  described. 


No.  12,487. — Samuel  W.  Powell. — Improved  Mill  for  Grinding  and 

Bolting  Sumac. — Patented  March  6,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  207.) 

The  sumac  is  placed  in  hopper  g,  and  thence  passes  upon  cylinder  b 
and  between  it  and  the  hollow  slotted  cylinder  a.  T  he  cutters  e  reduce 
the  article,  and  the  coarse  particles  are  carried  along  and  pass  out  at  h . 
The  reduced  leaves  pass  through  the  slots  of  the  hollow  cylinder  upon 
a  conducting  shaft  D,  which  carries  them  to  the  aperture  i  and  into  the 
final  grinding  apparatus  (not  shown  in  the  engravings.) 

Claim. — The  slotted  hollow  cylinder  having  a  shaft  armed  with 
spirally  arranged  teeth  revolving  within  it,  constructed  and  arranged  in 
the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth,  and  disclaiming  all  other  parts 
not  claimed. 


No.  12,953. — Tobias  J.  Kindleberger. — Improvement  in  Cider- Mills. 
— Patented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  207.) 

The  scraper  h  extends  across  the  box  parallel  to  the  axle  of  the  knife- 
roller  E,  and  is  hinged  to  the  box  by  means  of  rods  r;  it  is  made  to 


XIII. — GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING. 


779 


retreat  (by  means  of  cam  D)  as  the  knives  b  approach.  The  apple- 
tilter  K  consists  of  a  forked  rod,  one  end  entering  the  hopper  among 
the  apples,  the  olher  being  operated  on  by  the  cam  D.  The  scraper  h 
keeps  the  roller  E  clear  without  injury  to  the  edge  of  the  knives. 

Claim. — So  arranging  the  scraper  7i,  in  connexion  with  the  roller  E, 
that  it  shall  perform  its  office  without  injury  to  the  edge  of  the  knives, 
by  means  of  the  cam  D,  operating  substantially  in  the  manner  described, 
for  preparing  the  fruit,  for  the  crushing-rollers  G  and  H,  in  combination 
with  the  apple-tilter  K,  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,448. — Z.  Coleman  Robbins,  assignor  to  Anson  Martin. — Im¬ 
provement  in  Mills  for  Compressing  and  Grinding  Grapes  and  other 
Small  Fruits. — Patented  August  14,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  207.) 

The  vertically  reciprocating  compresser  i  works  in  grooves  in  the 
sides  of  the  hopper-frame  m.  The  revolving  cylinders  A  B  draw  the 
grapes  inward,  and  the  compresser  forces  the  grapes  down  between 
said  cylinders. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  am  aware  that  a  reciprocating  knocker  or  com¬ 
presser  has  been  employed  within  the  hopper  of  fruit-grinding  machines, 
in  combination  with  a  concave  and  a  grinding  cylinder ;  also,  that  two 
cylindrical  rollers  have  been  employed  in  combination  with  a  feeding- 
roller  within  the  fruit-hopper.  I  disclaim  both  of  these  arrangements, 
also  these  devices  separately  considered. 

But  I  claim  the  combination  and  joint  action  of  the  compresser  i  and 
the  cylinders  A  and  B  for  compressing  and  grinding  purposes,  substan¬ 
tially  as  set  forth. 


No.  13,558. — William  Wilber. — Improvement  in  Grinding  Cotton  and 

other  Seed  for  their  Oils. — Patented  September  11,  1855.  (Plates, 

p.  208.) 

The  steam  issues  through  long  slotted  nozzlesyy,  and  acts  upon  the 
seeds  as  they  fall  towards  the  rollers,  or  alter  they  are  between  the 
rollers,  for  the  purpose  of  heating  and  moistening  the  seeds  whilst  being 
crushed,  so  as  to  prevent  the  gumming  of  the  rollers. 

I  claim  the  application  of  jets  of  steam  for  lubricating  the  surfaces 
of  cylinders  for  grinding  cotton-seeds,  to  prevent  their  gumming  up  or 
being  clogged  by  the  ground  material,  substantially  in  the  manner 
described. 


No.  13,741. — Samuel  Krauser. — Improvement  in  Cider  or  Wine 
Mills. — Patented  October  30,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  208.) 

The  tumblers  F  F1,  which  fit  easily  into  the  matrix  of  the  screws  on 
shaft  S,  are  fastened  to  a  shaft  R,  so  that  one  of  the  tumblers  will  be 
in  gear  with  its  screw  when  the  other  is  not.  One  of  the  tumblers  be¬ 
ing  in  gear  with  its  screw,  and  shaft  S  (to  which  grinding  disc  x 2  is 
fastened)  being  revolved,  the  shaft  and  disc  will  move  laterally  until 
eccentric  E  or  E1  will  strike  its  catch  m,  and  remove  its  lip  e  from  shaft 


780 


XIII. - GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING. 


R.  As  soon  as  m  is  thus  removed,  the  pin  DJ  on  flange  D  arrives  at 
the  projection  H  on  the  tumbler,  and  throws  it  out  of  gear,  and  the 
other  into  gear,  when  the  lateral  movement  of  the  shaft  and  disc  will 
be  reversed.  Thus  the  shaft  and  disc  will  have  a  rotaiy  and  at  the 
same  time  a  lateral  reciprocating  motion.  By  this  means  the  pumice 
will  constantly  be  worked  through  the  sieves  x1  x 1  at  the  sides  of  the 
hopper.  The  sides  of  the  skeleton  concave  W  do  not  touch  the  sides 
of  the  sieves  ;  the  spaces  thus  left  open  afford  an  additional  avenue 
for  the  escape  of  the  confined  pumice.  The  scraping- wheels  x  are  to 
keep  the  sieves  clean. 

Claim. — 1st.  Communicating  a  reciprocating  as  well  as  a  rotary 
motion  to  the  grinding-disc  x 2,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes 
described. 

2d.  The  use  of  the  grinding  disc  x 3  with  its  peculiar  movements,  m 
combination  with  the  two  stationary  sieves  xl  x1,  for  the  purpose  of 
pressing  the  whole  or  a  part  of  the  pumice  through  their  meshes,  and 
also  causing  them  to  assist  in  reducing  the  fruit  to  a  pumice  by  pro¬ 
viding  their  inner  surfaces  with  sharp  projections,  as  described  and  set 

forth. 

3d.  The  arrangement  of  the  skeleton  concave  W  with  reference  to 
sieves,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  as  described. 

4th.  In  combination  with  operating  the  screw  by  means  of  two  vi¬ 
brating  tumbiers  F  F1,  as  described,  the  use  of  the  catches  mm ,  in  the 
manner  and  for  the  purpose  described. 

5th.  In  combination  with  the  side-screws  the  application  of  the 
scraping- wheels  x  x ,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purpose  set  forth. 


No.  13,837. — Cornelius  W.  Van  Vliet,  assignor  to  Chas.  Parker. — 
Improvement  in  Mills  for  Grinding  Coffee ;  &c. — Patented  November 
20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  208.) 

A  cast-iron  shell  envelopes  the  two  grinding-cones  C  and  D  by  an 
indented  surface,  leaving  a  narrow  outlet  channel  i  at  the  greatest  cir¬ 
cumference  of  the  upper  cone  and  the  smallest  circumference  of  the 
lower  cone,  and  a  similar  channel  at  the  lower  portion  of  the  greatest 
circumference  of  the  grinding-cone  I).  The  upper  cone  O,  which 
makes  only  half  the  number  of  revolutions  of  the  lower  cone  D,  crushes 
the  coffee  coarsely ;  and  the  lower  cone  D  crushes  it  to  any  desired 
degree  of  fineness,  according  to  the  adjustment  of  the  set-screw  E. 
The  purpose  of  this  arrangement  is  to  grind  all  the  particles  of  coffee 
to  a  uniform  size,  from  which  a  more  perfect  and  aromatic  extract  of 
coffee  can  be  made  than  otherwise. 

I  claim  the  peculiar  arrangement  of  the  crushing  and  the  grinding- 
cones,  as  described,  and  in  combination  therewith  the  passage  i  lead¬ 
ing  from  the  largest  circumference  of  the  upper  cone  to  the  smallest 
circumference  of  the  lower  cone,  substantially  as  set  forth  and  for  the 
purposes  specified. 


XIII. — GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING.  781 

No.  13,839. — W.  0.  Hickok. — Improvement  in  Mills  for  Grinding  Ap¬ 
ples. — Patented  November  20,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  208.) 

The  object  of  the  breakers  d  is  to  remedy  a  defect  in  “Powel’s”  mill, 
in  which  most  of  the  small  lumps  which  are  torn  from  the  apples  pass 
from  between  the  cylinders  in  a  solid  or  uncrushed  condition,  whereby 
a  large  quantity  of  the  juice  of  the  fruit  is  lost,  it  being  difficult  to 
express  it  from  the  uncrushed  lumps  by  the  subsequent  operation  in 
the  press. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim  the  cylinders  on  whose  surfaces 
grooved  and  fluted  helical  ribs  are  formed,  and  which  move  with  dif¬ 
ferent  velocities,  as  these  were  patented  by  Samuel  W.  Powel  in 
1849. 

But  I  claim  the  breakers  d  d,  constructed  and  applied  substantially 
and  for  the  purpose  as  described  and  set  forth,  whether  the  said 
breakers  are  used  in  combination  with  the  helical  ribs  cc  and  the  teeth 
b  b,  so  as  to  produce  a  separate  and  distinct  depression  e  around  each 
tooth,  as  described  and  set  forth,  or  whether  the  said  breakers  are  used 
in  combination  with  the  teeth  above,  as  shown. 


No.  12,181. — Amort  Felton. — Improvement  in  Grinding -Mills. — 

Patented  January  2,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  208.) 

The  grain  passes  from  a  hopper  through  opening  b ,  and  is  admitted 
between  the  cylinder  and  concave  at  one  end.  The  grain  as  it  is 
crushed  is  carried  along  to  the  discharge  opening  f  at  the  opposite 
end  of  the  concave  by  the  spiral  flanches  c.  The  spiral  flanches  c  of 
the  concave  and  of  the  cap  (when  put  together)  form  continuous 
curves,  and  there  is  a  sufficient  number  of  such  flanches  to  cause 
the  grain  to  pass  over  the  cylinder  and  between  the  grinding  surfaces 
several  times  before  reaching  the  discharge  end.  As  the  flanches 
prevent  the  grain  from  passing  twice  between  any  portion  of  the 
grinding  surfaces,  the  passage  will  always  be  left  clear  for  that  which 
follows,  by  which  means,  the  inventor  alleges,  the  mill  can  be  fed 
very  fast  without  clogging. 

The  fingers  e  (which  are  vibrated  by  means  of  rod  I  and  cam  J) 
operate  at  the  discharge  end  of  the  concave  opposite  the  opening  /,  to 
prevent  the  ground, grain  from  clogging  at  that  part. 

The  inventor  says :  I  do  not  claim,  separately,  either  of  the  parts 
herein  described;  but  I  do  claim  the  combination  of  the  cylinder  B, 
concave  C,  cap  H,  and  reciprocating  teeth  or  fingers  c,  the  concave  and 
cap  being  provided  with  spiral  flanches  c  ;  the  above  parts  being  con¬ 
structed  and  arranged  substantially  a^shown  and  for  the  purpose  as  set 
forth. 


No.  12,223. — John  L.  Yule. — Improvement  in  Flour ing-Mills. — 
Patented  January  9,  1855,  (Plates,  p.  208.) 

This  invention  is  clearly  represented  in  the  engravings. 

Claim. — Adjusting  the  parallelism  of  the  upper  stone  7o  the  lower  by 


782 


XIII. — GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING. 


means  of  the  swinging  frame  K  and  pivots  d,  the  height  of  the  lower 
stone  being  regulated  by  the  step  C  and  screws  a  a  acting  on  the 
spindle,  the  said  spindle  having  a  boss  to  give  the  shake-motion  to  the 
shoe  O  by  means  of  the  arm  R  and  rod  Q. 


No.  12,461. — Charles  Leavitt. — Improvement  in  Portable  Grain- 

Mills. — Patented  February  27,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  209.) 

The  inventor  says  in  his  specification :  My  plan  of  casting  the  legs 
and  other  portions  in  one  piece  adds  much  to  the  steadiness  and  effi¬ 
ciency  of  the  mill,  while  no  single  stick  of  timber  can  afford  such  strength 
and  stiffness  as  the  lever  in  two  parts,  without  greatly  increasing  the 
weight.  Fig.  2  is  a  section  on  an  enlarged  scale. 

Claim . — The  combination  of  the  bed-plate  a,  the  legs  or  supporters 
b ,  the  breaker  c,  and  the  main  pivot  d ,  cast  in  one  piece ;  and  these 
parts,  in  combination  with  the  lever  r,  attached  to  an  external  revolving 
concave,  constructed  and  arranged  substantially  as  described,  and  for 
the  purposes  specified. 


No.  12,959. — PIenry  Mellisii. — Improved  Shoe  for  Grain-Mills. — 
Patented  May  29,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  209.) 

This  improvement  consists  in  arranging,  inside  the  shoe,  through  which 
the  grain  passes  into  the  mill,  a  barrier  e,  running  obliquely  upwards 
and  backwards  to  a  screw/ with  meshes  sufficiently  large  for  the  grain 
to  pass  through.  The  grain  passes  in  beyond  the  partition  g ,  under  the 
screen  and  up  through  its  meshes  and  over  the  barrier,  whilst  the  heavier 
and  larger  substances  are  arrested  and  retained  in  the  shoe.  The  shoe 
can  be  emptied  by  drawing  back  the  slide  l  and  opening  hole  i.  P  is 
the  mill-stone. 

The  inventor  says  :  I  do  not  claim  the  invention  of  a  vibrating  shoe, 
as  such,  through  which  to  pass  grain  from  the  hopper  to  the  mill. 

I  claim  the  separating  shoe  for  grain-mills,  as  described,  having  an 
inclined  barrier  e,  arranged  and  operating  below  the  screen /,  constructed 
substantially  in  the  manner  set  forth. 


No.  13,610. — D.  S.  Wagener. — Improvement  in  Flouring- Mills. — 

Patented  September  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  209.) 

As  the  blower  D  rapidly  revolves,  a  suction  is  created  through  tubes 
B  and  C,  passing  rapidly  through  the  grain,  as  it  falls  from  the  shoe  K 
through  the  tube  into  the  eye  of  the  stone,  the  air-tight  chamber  A  ex¬ 
cluding  all  dust  from  concentrating  in  the  eye  of  the  stone,  as  is  the 
case  with  other  mills ;  the  whole  force  of  the  current  of  air  passes  un¬ 
disturbed  through  the  grain,  cleansing  it  entirely  of  the  dust  and  all 
light  substances.  A  portion  of  the  air  escapes  with  the  grain  and  ven¬ 
tilates  the  stones. 

Claim. — The  arrangement  of  tubes  B  and  C,  connected  by  the  sup¬ 
plemental  shoe  K,  within  the  air-tight  chamber  A,  in  the  manner  de¬ 
scribed,  and  for  the  purpose  specified. 


XIII. - GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING.  783 

No.  13,996. — Ezra  Ripley. — Improvement  in  Mills  for  Grinding  Grain , 
dec . — Patented  December  25,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  209.) 

The  end  of  the  shaft  of  cylinder  D  is  provided  with  cams  b  b,  which 
act  upon  lever  d  attached  to  shaft  e  of  cylinder  E  ;  partially  wound 
around  the  shaft  is  a  spring  f  which,  when  the  cams  act  upon  the  end 
of  the  lever,  so  as  to  partially  rotate  the  cylinder  E  downwards,  be¬ 
comes  extended.  When  the  cam  has  passed  the  end  of  the  lever,  the 
spring,  being  at  liberty  to  act,  contracts  to  its  original  proportions,  and 
at  the  same  time  partially  rotates  cylinder  E  upwards,  thereby  obtain¬ 
ing  a  partially  rotating,  reciprocating  motion,  so  as  to  feed  the  sub¬ 
stance  to  be  ground  in  a  regular,  intermittent  succession  of  quantities. 

The  inventor  sa}^s  :  I  do  not  claim  the  combination  of  two  or  more 
cylinders  for  grinding,  when  such  cylinders  have  each  of  them  a  con¬ 
tinuous  rotary  motion;  but  I  claim  combining  with  a  continuous  rotating 
grinding-cylinder  D,  or  plates,  one  or  more  grinding-cylinders  E,  which 
have  a  partially  rotating,  reciprocating  motion  in  opposite  directions 
given  to  it  or  them  by  the  earns,  lever,  and  spring,  as  described,  or  by 
other  analogous  devices  for  the  same  purpose,  the  combination  being 
substantially  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  as  set  forth. 


No.  12,870. — Francis  Peabody. — Method  of  Regulating  Wind-Mills . — 

Patented  May  15,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  209.) 

The  disc  A  is  secured  to  the  shaft  K,  (which  carries  also  the  wind- 
wheel  B,)  and  revolves  with  it.  The  wind-wheel  is  fitted  to  the  shaft 
K  with  a  spline,  so  that  the  two  revolve  together,  while  the  wheel  is 
allowed  to  move  to  and  from  the  disc,  q  is  a  ring  which  slides  freely 
upon  the  shaft  K,  and  is  adjusted  to  a  greater  or  less  distance  from  the 
disc  by  the  screws  R.  The  spiral  spring  P  bears  one  end  against  the 
hub  of  the  wind- wheel,  the  other  against  the  ring  q;  the  wheel  is  thus 
pressed  constantly  from  the  disc  with  a  force  adjustable  by  means  of 
said  screws  R.  When  the  force  of  the  wind  increases,  the  spring 
yields  and  the  wheel  approaches  the  disc,  and  the  passage  for  the  air 
between  the  two  is  contracted,  and  consequently  the  velocity  ot  the 
wheel  is  prevented  from  becoming  excessive  ;  and  vice  versa ,  when  the 
force  of  the  wind  diminishes. 

Claim. — Regulating  the  action  of  the  wind  upon  the  wheel  by  means 
of  the  disc  A,  constructed  and  operating  in  the  manner  substantially  as 
herein  set  forth. 


No.  13,339. — James  Montgomery. — Improvement  in  Wrought-Irpn 
Shafts. — Patented  July  24,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  209.) 

Having  rolled  a  number  of  separate  iron  bars  12  3,  etc.,  of  the  form 
shown  in  cross  section  fig.  2,  they  are  put  together  with  thin  wedge- 
shaped  rolled  iron  placed  between  them  at  the  two  ends,  and  at  such 
other  part  of  the  shaft  as  may  be  designed  for  the  bearing.  Strong 
iron  withes  are  then  firmly  twisted  around  the  bundle,  the  parts  where 
the  wedges  are  placed  are  exposed  to  a  welding  heat,  and  a  conical 


784 


XIII. — GRINDING-MILLS  AND  GEARING. 


piece  of  cold  cast-iron  having  been  inserted  in  the  central  hollow  to 
preserve  the  due  shape  of  the  same,  the  bars  and  wedges  are  welded 
together;  the  conical  plug  is  then  driven  out.  These  shafts  are  lighter, 
more  elastic,  and  (the  component  bars  being  rolled  separately)  of  better 
quality  than  the  common  solid  shafts. 

Claim. — The  construction  of  a  hollow  compound  shaft  by  means  of 
the  bars  and  wedges,  arranged  and  welded  together  only  at  the  journals 
or  bearings,  as  described,  while  the  bars  are  separated  by  sufficient 
spaces  at  all  other  parts,  in  the  manner  and  for  the  purposes  substan¬ 
tially  as  described. 


1ST o.  12,839. — Grant  B.  Turner. — Improvement  in  Smut- Machines. — 

Patented  May  8,  1855.  (Plates,  p.  209.) 

The  grain  passes  from  hopper  A  through  sieve  C  and  over  board  g 
on  to  the  screen  H,  where  it  is  subjected  to  a  blast  from  fan-blower  K. 
The  light  impurities  separated  at  this  point  pass  out  of  the  machine 
at  p,  whilst  the  heavy  grain  passes  through  M  and  N  on  to  the  scour- 
ing-disc  o,  and  the  lighter  grain  falls  through  the  screen  and  passes  out 
at  L.  The  centrifugal  force  of  the  disc  o  throws  the  grain  against  the 
ribs  e  d,  which  breaks  the  smut -balls,  and  finally  throws  it  off  at  its 
periphery  against  the  ribbed  cap  R.  The  grain  falls  upon  concentra¬ 
tor  S,  the  smut  passing  through  its  perforations,  whence  it  is  carried 
out  by  the  blast  passing  through  between  the  inner  concentrator  S  and 
the  outer  one  m,  and  thus  a  separation  of  the  smut  from  the  grain  is 
made  as  soon  as  the  smut  is  loosened  from  the  grain.  The  grain 
passes  then  through  another  similar  scouring  apparatus  and  over  board 
r  into  the  main  blast,  through  which  and  out  at  n  the  heavy  particles 
only  pass,  while  the  light  wheat,  white  caps,  etc.,  are  carried  up  the 
trunk,  and,  striking  projection  T1,  are  thrown  out  at  L.  The  white-caps 
which  may  pass  up  with  the  blast,  instead  of  choking  the  screen  H, 
pass  out  at  u. 

Claim. — In  combination  with  the  scouring-disc  or  runner  and  outside 
concentrator,  the  inner  perforated  and  partial  concentrator,  slightly 
elevated  from  the  outer  one,  for  the  purpose  and  in  the  manner  set 
forth. 

Also,  in  combination  with  the  screen  H  in  the  blast-trunk  T,  the 
opening  u  directly  under  said  screen  to  allow  the  white  caps  which 
may  have  passed  through  the  scouring-plates  to  pass  out,  instead  of 
being  held  up  against  the  bottom  of  said  screen  by  the  blast,  as  set 
forth. 


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