DE RERUM 
NATURALIUM 
PRINCIPIIS. 
SIMONIS PORTII 
NEAPOLITAN I... 

Simone Porzio 



IP 

Digitized by Google 




fLLVSTRf,AC REVERENDo 
hAarco Antonio Cclummc^ 
Simon Portius. S. 

Lurimum (^u'llem hnr artts, Mrumfr^- 
frofhjjorcs tu€ fimilir , ictuis auis; 

(Vrcc Antoni Juautffimc fdebcnt: a 
lUas auxcrint , & Jludiose nutriun'mt; 
hos uero femper amauerint , ir in frit 
mis ohjcruauerint , Verm Pomfao co 
lumnce , Cariinali Amfliffmo , magn9 
fatruo tuo , longe amplius f^ttiJem mc dcbmfcntio ; ^uoJ incrf j 
JiWi (fuadam fua humtnimtc , infer jioj ^U0(j; ^miliitrcj afcriffif 
rit Tili lamcn nc/cio <jun wfliori nccejfituiinc icuincior: tjuod re 
iniJunuwy?tticrc,Ki ric ^ttiimMrunj in fhilofefhia lucubration 
num aut fugiat , aut Unat , <2mmn(i«cr«m . Hue accedit (^ued uix 
iumifucritia cxceden$,fofl GriZC(t,la^n(tq; lmgu<e fcritiam, 
fummo ardore ad Philofofhiimnofiram Pmpat^ttcm conttndis; 
ut It conijutptis undi:f} fraccptDribu5,ei diligent^m oferam nautsz 
ir in Academiam Pifanam ad mc finem^atqi ex fedikus hhoranli 
mira fjie , ac fide accejferis ; <{uo (^u^. in Arijlotele alflrufa ac dif 
JiciUa habentur , mea opera tili eruantur.ac exfhcentbr.^edt^juonxa 
jludia , (fuce reBe,ordineci; inflttuuntur^ab optimis inittjs , uelut oms 
nium ph'ilofophorum conjenjus docet ,j\mt auj^^kanda'ACCirco de re 
rum N aturalmm primordvjS opu fculum tjbi mittv ; ut inie , ^uis fit 
frimi It ficundi t^aturalis aufcultatioms libri Jyncerus ir fenm 
wuj jenfns edifcas , Ed enim idm funt tempora,ut non m'mrfit am 
bages euimndi,cii uerimte je8Adi,iabor.lntellige$ aut ex eo, (jikitus 



I naturaliu pmafiorS txfiicithnt latini ^ii intftias fffutiumnL 
Quod f\ hanc tra'clationtm tifci non iifplicerc auiiam ; j}ropciiem 
felK^uamnus co*nm€nUitionis AriJlonhsforttmjCiucceJldc mos 
fu , fimul at(i,ame'ts dohribus (luicucro , acc'if'tes. Vdle,ex 
Accadcm'ta Vifana . 




DE RERVM NATVRALIVM PRIN# 
CIPIIS LIBER PRIMVS. 
Qua tActhodo Inucft'tganda. funt rcrum naturaf 
hum ?rirKif i{i cr Pirijlottlt. 
Qsg^t PrimuiiL 

TKes t^mraUs accurate AriflotrlestfOJ 
Uaret^duoi ai excfuifmrn carum cognition 
ncm Liirosconfmpfit; ffimummMket 
acficunium VhyfiCde aufculatiQnis:atci') li 
hoc confdio /a Sum ah iflo fidjfe fujj'kor, 
f rerum naturalium frincifia duflic'i oid 
miagarc fo[[tmus\una utfiuntahrra ut funtiir ut rcsfiunt trllui 
fr'ncifijs matnia,friuatioYte,ac firma conjlantui ucro funt, natus 
fa,caufisq,nattiralihut coalefcuntJPro'mdcfrimolibrojtcrum prb 
mordia utJiimtfcrutaturMcii in ficundo earundm ut lam /5nt,orw 
gmcm mucjligat : ucrum diuerfi tra^andi ratione : nanf in lUa Ki'tf, 
naturaU,ir frimo f>Uofofh<ytritQ,fer conjiift.cjue funt difmn^ 
8a,diu'dcndo tncedit^ir hioc faSo ca (fua^nt circa frincifia 'mc^ui 
rit.ut corum cognihonem uenctur: In hoc flufcm ah effects ^icJ ejl 
a figno,rcrum caufts rimatur^traijiymei (^uidcm jcnt^ntiajjis duo 
hu$ tm)tum dt rcrum frincifijs pGrtra£latnamrch(pd'motum exfc 
iunt,atij>hiMC mctt opimoni ^ucrroes(iucq'rhhrafccwjdo Phyficoi 
turn fuhfcrihtrc uidetur . Licet Icttnna granaticus quatuorcjfe 
inquihJe frincifijs agat,{T Adraflusqmnqi,fvamutrrq> rationt 
injicutus, ajjtrat. Kerum ergo utfiunt triplex froporttut frmcif 
fium^(^ui>ou tnotns continctur,JdrtiA^fr'ui(itio,iT matrrit:(^uorum 
duo firma JcAicct O' pruialto ttrminiimttrta uero^torumfuhies 



Bum dfftUatuYihtcc'^i p rimo Iilro mcjl'tgat fhlofcjhus.Cum^iti 
fint 'mitrrmUcct ad wowfii maxime fertincre pttftnnir;nuDd tamcn 
Jit motur'iz ( ^ is woftOTiis now fit principiuw inrtrnum ) ui neq, finis 
rntntio.h-c^uomm trxaAain omnimumtiont fiint neccjfaria, ob 
iddix'tt oforttrefrindfid fcmftr mmrcVorro frimolihro frofs 
wi«m, fuo inflitutu accomodmm prrfixlt^uo [cofum^^uta de pin 
cipijs,cx^aifrus res fiunl&funt inftttui traSlationem; ac methof 
ium <}ud ca indium dehcnt,& demum ordinem ({um in Acroamdti 
as Itbrts fcruari ofomt,afmtld infcrprefrs alittr a^i alittr, <juoJ 
non kuis lattdt diff culms , ( oh Affc^amm Arif[otcli,ut uidetur,oh 
fcuritattnu) in fumma hreuimtc,i:r ucrborum fropcmodum rcfus 
£ndntis,fYout (jui/^; reUus iuiicduit , exflicarc conantitr . Vcrum 
cnimucro dm hi frwere ac fro luhitD,Phdofofhum oculatiffmum, 
iiiul«,^u« dcindc traHindo non pcrjinuitur , froponcrc autumant, 
miris amUgibus ac tricis,unde fi extricare nccfucant,Je(i trretiunt 
^uas ficilc effugiet is,<iui id froponi a ?hiloJcfho,<iuod fo(\ea per 
traSct^cxiJlimabit. Ai^> id folus ut mea fcrt ofinio,Mexander fro 
hcfcrf^cxit.Siquiim iffc AriJIottkmftbi iffi conflarc , atqi ii 
(^uod initio frofofuit,traUaniocxe(iui intrrfrcmtione edoccU 
Cxtirum cum Akxandri ucrha concise admodum a Simflicio citen 
tuffdufif inttrfrctatio inttrcidcrit;f cam,ni fhUor.foJicriorcs ne^ 
glexcmt,{reli(fUQrum uaria multiflicicii cxfofitionCyne loco aho^ 
jui difficillimo ttnehras o^undcre,ac ohfcuriorem rcddcre uidear 
fo(lfoftta,ilia cxflicare nifcmuY\i7' quce alili , uhi hxc kriflotzlxs 
utrhacnudtare uolmt,tradiiit,unumhuncinlocum congercre cot 
nahimur;(iuo(um ?hdofofbi,tum Akxandri fcntcntia clarior eluce 
fcat.Vcrum antea hrcuittr dc if j,(Ju<c hie Jupponumnrjifjcrcrc fU 
iCt,(luxrere{iiprimum,<luamobcaufam Arijloxlcs^ut in maiori aU 



fha frima ffhilojcfhicrjij^nitatrm iBius fcicnhet,c(U maximc txfe 
itn4cr,ij; circa caufis altijjimcs ucrj(thr,frat^xuit ; ir antii^uiorii 
it nrum ^r\nc\f\ji ofm\oncsr€cenJu'U]«c dmum rtrum caufis 
riims tjft thcuiv.lm \n his dc nanra Uh-is,idem no ohfiruaril De 
indle^inqu^eYC (jucjihcct^anfrimccfhilofcfhutjlcundus, CquoJwii 
vu5alfhagT(tcii dicitur)ti (^ui dc natura ((cunduiejl ffrdfJonifUt 
(juiJ<2TO lentiunt,dchcat'. Dcni^i cxpen jen jum c^,<jur J Philofcfhui 
loc frimo lihfo fihi fumot,ac fufpml^uni.ut ad rem ucniam , ^ui 
eadccAufahk tonus fMofcf>hiccJcofum dj^mtntcm'ci-^ frattrmiji 
fim arhitratur: hoc opf re no dc rcb.nmraUbus,jcd dc prmcif 
qu(c ecu Jiindamnta rchus natura conjlantihus itfcitinrur, fcrtrcttlc 
tur:atq;iccircocumhht'ts dcaclo freedom , uhirti^uit Philofcflus, 
fcicntia naturalis fere flurima efi dc corporihac magnitudintb. ir 
ffljjionib.ca confc^^ucntih.Quarc hiCytancji alteno l$co non litijfe.aut 
fcoffum aut digmtntcm profoncndam ajjcrtknl.ucl oh id fodjjimim, 
^ inter dnti<^uos conJ}iret:hanc,iiu<e in rerum contcmfUtione ucrfd 
l»ir,ctf <ju<r a^xoncm Jihi froponit,longe cjje f>r<eJ}antiorctH ; (^uam 
Jummislaudthus,cxtulerunt:licetca a prim fhdofofhi^ non ijlim 
guerenl. At Mjlotele^, fummi iudtcij uir^fNi baiK a naturahpfta 
rit,frmm(jycjfeccnfct,icucre fi^ntim dkendam , (fue maxh 
masfummaffcaufas confidcrat : tius (jupq>fraflantiam uolmt olf 
$culos fonere : Sioiu}q> (fuo difcr'mme inter fe dijlent , {r fi'id pi 
VM fhilofof}M kttejlig^e conetur ; odhtec , quomodo je hahet ftr 
4ddjtioncm ad mithematicen , ftam mde conjc^juimur prrjcf^w 
nem ,dcleB^9f\em ,f>urmtem , cc denicji firmitudtncm edocet.hac 
igiturdigniaiem huiusfiifienUce decl£armt,a ^uifhhfcfhii nam 
tales jiimit oem certitudmi.tnfJifnAtattm ; &- ej\ fkikjcfh finii, 
non igitur p kltf/f p nAtunlem m prindpQ huiauit • £ ft nanf 



nrum mu^Honih.ohnoxidrum cf^^mffn,JttiiMiDi» furitaft fyncetif 
<Ofr<ji 'mJhriorSed (jua ratione a mathcnKmceiifcrfftt, fuo loco pa 
JleatxflictibimVuWii^wtquidcmiccirco ie naturahs fh'dofofi 
fhit frccJiAUa.nuM hie aiiiuerbuif initi({um\hus€aic cffct cum 
frima'yjfffc ^ eas iipingucrc no foJ]cnt,fed utraqi pro una eade^p 
babcret: ^nj}et€lesMero,fl femfer ah^ miranlu in natura ex'tflcrt 
hhro pri. ie fartib.ciocumt\ucr6 no€<i fcrjkSUoc attl^ fyncerimttp 
ficut m <rfcrriir,^ufl propfcr logc inttr ft tasiifcrcforc crdiiit.Cce 
tcTU,^uoi mmusalfhafTxmcc fhilofcfhx non fit fccunius humsna 
turahfcienticT^ {ut ^uiid w mcic iudicarunt)im in nojltis dus Uhri 
commcntntiomb.fatts iocuimus .tiflm , & fx infine eius libri iicat, 
efortrre frinrnm confiierarc (luid fit naturaitamcn per naturam nt 
hi aliuiinnmt,qircYumnaturalium cognitionem , ciux pr^cedcre 
frimam fhlofofhkm dchct,ut iffa ^uo^; lihri infcriptio docet , <{U€ 
cjl r£i t^\'TilTv.<pvffi)tcl.Sumitauttm fonitq, hoc loco, resnam^ 
fdcsflfc^iiimm udfcnfusiocciyitqieasejjccompofm, Atta^ 
men ({VLod kfiflottUs ecu jinfui hotum fratcrit,! heophrajlus , ut 
ioctt S'lmfliciuSyvationcconfimareuoluit.Comfofitio forro taru, 
ut Aucrrocs ijuo^i montt,non aliunde ex mututi one ,({Uie trik 
opus biAet pmcipijs , ajlrintur. Quare inrjuit Alexander, ut memi 
nttidem Auerroesiuoiecimofrlmx fhdofof>hi<e,fi4h(lantiamnas 
tuulem compofitam efft proUt bAetaphyfcus^ir fvfpomt Vhyft^ 
m.QuoniamfuhJlantiamMnirdem.utfu^^ cognos 
fcUhic uero mom ma ac ratione componi earn ut naturalem aJferiL 
Frmde AriJIofeb, ftpponft fcic/ub/l^nrttfs ri^ ttifdlw f J<r compos 
fms.f motus/iuomodo fieret nouus.nondum €jfet€xplicatu$ , neip 
\u\h.teminis conckiermr.fcichdt wtf^uj; duplicem cjje motum; 
icternum , ac nouum.at<ii lUo , duas fuhjiantias , momisfcilicet Lr 

010(1 



-/ 



moti cognofcimur.hoc Htro mattr'nr firmee{j;, coagmcntntionm i\i 
fcimus.Nam ^uic^mi nouum ejl,matcm ac firma coalcJcH, C^rfrs 
rufi ThcofhrafuSfUt comfjfims ejfe res nmraks fcrfuaicra^me 
iio ufifwr nmraU.Sc^ Porphyms.ufhihet Simpltcius,id ad frimu 
fhlojoffbum pcrdnsrc putnuiUscnim cum mgdntur frlncifta , aut 
compofttio'.umucrfilia ciuccdm ^mit,(juib.ca ajlrual, Sic^dem halt 
tu Metnfhyfico,ut docet Pbilofophu5,prmipid negata cojirmamus. 
Ita Mnci; tpfe contra Parmemdcm,entium pluralimttm.ac frincifh 
rum multitudmemcomprohatQuare ft <^ueiio cum ijs tiuireru prin 
cipia c medio toUunt , congredi uelimus : Licet e prima Vblofcphid 
4lutedammutuari:<fuandonuidemid Phtlofiphus fuoexemplonos fu 
cere doce(;ut earn oh remjif^utationem Juam cum antic^uis non ejje 
ueri naturalem ajfeuerare paJJimusMqi id non iniuria, (f> ha fciens 
Uce multa haheant inter Je communia,ut mutuas tradere pojfmt opes 
rds, fuasqi rationes ftbi mutuo commodore, Sed (juoniam iam fatis * 
fohius pnefnti, ad Pbilojcphi contextum accedamus,(iui ^ua metho 
do hccc principia inueJ}igarioportet,pr(XcUre.edocet , isr itn habet* 

Quoniam cognofcerc ac fcire contingit ctrca omnts meihodoSf if 
^uarum fitnt principiafaut caufde aut elementa, ex horum cognitioj j> 
ne,ituc enim putnmus cognofcere unumc^uodqi cum caufas primas co »» 
gnouerimus,iT principia prima, isr ufji ad elementa,) manijijlum » 
el],ciuod ir ea,(juee funt circa principia fcientia,(^uce ie natura ef], , , 
frimum determinare tenta^^dum efl . [mwtg ejl autem ex notiorib, » "t^^ 
nobis uifl,dr manijhfliortb.admamfcjliora naturce^lr notiora , non 19 
enim [unt eadem.ir nobis notn,i:r fmpliciter, Quapropter necefs i> 
Je eflfaihuncmodumprocedereeximmamjeflioribus naturcr (jut ,» 
iem nobis autem manife^ior\bus\admanijh(\\oranaturce,i:r notio „ 
fA.%unt autem primum nobis dilucida ac manijhfla , confitfa magis, n 

B 



9> 



„ p()/?erius flufrm,fx bis nota fiuni cUmcntn It prinripiii ijs (}ui Jiuw 
Jut ipfa. vjtttfpropfcr cx uwiuer/jljfcus jingulma frocedere ofor 
tet.tDtumcn'm licundum frnfum notius efl,umucrlole aunm, tvtum 
ft ijuoddamefl.muita cnim comfralmdit ut fartKS umuerJilc Vatiun 
», turauttm hoc idem (^uodmmodo i^' nomma ad ran one nj, frttiw 
„ tmm<^uoddam,i:r indiflm^i ftgnijicant^ut c'tr cuius, diffimtio cud 
„ iffiuSfdiuidit in fmgula, Ac fucri^friwum ^ui^/em omncs uiros, fas 
trcs affcllantfi^' matrc5,fxmm$, follcrius autzm dct^rminaniho 
rum utrumq'u 

lam antca monuimus horum uerlorum iliff}culmtzm,innufYieras fr$ 
femodumafudGrcccos,L^tinos,iT Arahas fcfmjjc inter frem^ 
tiones;nec dum fatiitjfugifojjuntnodi^^ui 'mttrim incxdunl £^0 
uero cam hum \oc\ txfkcationtm afferrc condor ;<jufl fi (\u(c olo^ 
r'mntur controuerftcc.fartim utk fropofm ahenx rcijcientur , far^ 
Urn ucrborum itlucida enarrationc dtrimcnrur. A* maxima igitur ic 
euidenti fropofttione,(^ua mAgnum aU<^uod opus aufjfkar't cofucutt, 
exordimriucrhisqi uUturfroprij5,i:r m<fuit. f in omni mcthodojioc 
ejl in omni fcientia^imcihodus mm in frccjintia fro fcicntia fumis 
fur , etft alibi fro docendi uia cafiatur,uclutt oUm libro de fartibus 
cnimalium frolixius iocmmu$.)ciuomam ergo inomnijcientia c^ux 
k frmcif^s ai concluftones frogreditur;cognojccre Lr fctrt con 
iing\tionxknx\i utrun£ji,cognolcercO' fcire,ut exchderet inteUes 
Sum inteUigent^m fmflidi,i:r fenfum Imguhria cognofcenttix 
fi de dianoeticaloc^uidocerct.cognofccre ergo fcirc contingii, 
hoc ejl cum ratiocinatione frincifia , a quib. or'mntur conch fionum 
noticice affrehendere. Quoniam wf fcirc tnntum comfctit mtellcs 
8ui,i:r cognofcere tarn fenfuiq, inteUeciuiiui exflicaret fe Ic^ui de 
iogmtioitecu ntiocinatione ac difcurju, ((juomoio euam Aucrroes 



intcBexit)iuohus his uerh'u ujus efl^atifi iUui contingit, cafitur pro 
fieceffceJl'Vt fit finfus,^ in omni cognitionc fcientifica, cum fcirc 
uolumus,f)rtmum frincif)i(i auicaufisoportttcognojcrre. Addtdit, 
caujas'^luia multa dc rehus , (futr careni caufts per ejfcHus fcimus, 
atqi ca noHcia fhh fcicnti<e gcnere comprghenditur, Wcrum cum cu 
pimus pararc cognitionem rerum (ju<r caufas hahcnt: tunc mcthcdus 
ac fcientia parta cj},uh caufas cognouerimus.Huius in^j; propojmo 
nis ratio huiufmodi cJl,Ab tUis res cognofcuntuT, k (^ulbus Jiunt ir 
funtSed a principijs It caufis res fiunt ir ^nt, Igitur a frincipijs 
caufts ordiri oporteret Scc diEiion cm mcthodum ad Jcicndam 
l^cculatiuam contraherc dccet : (cd omni fcienti<g Cjux rcUo ordine 
traditurje^aqi uia wccii<,( fiu€ ca in rcrum aUionc uer fitter , ir 
praUics fit, ftue in contemplations) adaptnre ; tfuomodo Galenus 
quotpnomine methcdi intvrdum utitur.lmcp omms fcietia^i c^ua legi 
timacertn'cii uiajcruaturynoiiha ex caufts orirur, Cateru^no leuem 
fOrit difficulta(em,i]la nomlnum diutrfmSf cum im{uit prmcifia^aut 
caufc.aut elementtiMuWiii maiortcor,iund.io^aut\c^od inceTt;um j\i 
an ea di^iones dfiungat ac fiparetfimuUce nantji fcientia , non uno 
tunmmcaufirumgenereutuntur f ut Auerroes etiam in hums loci 
enarratione docet.)an non.e(l dcniqi^^uod hcejites^ijuia locus carere 
a(iuocatione non uidetur.ahter enim nominib.in ma'tori propofitione, 
qi in ciufdtm confrmatione ufus fiiifje putatur. Qui^iam hie credit 
derunt,eanominaconfiindi, f fiirifloteles altera altenus loco uttfit 
Jchtus . (piomodo (exto primce Phdo fophiit , py incipia jw mas 
thematica caufts , uocauit elementa ; ir (fuintu eiufdem 
elemcntum multts accommodari , capite proprio docuit : nec 
lion lihr<» po(leriorum primas propofittones ratlonem elementk 
obtinere dixitSic fexcentis in locis cau^am pro principio , contra 

B j/ 



iCclfit.Vaum A!ex;inJcr,i|Ufm/f(juiftr Aufrro«,fd iiflinxilet' 
frmcifium frocaufafjfi:iente 'mfjf(cu\anu\scafiait>ctq,m fraUh 
cisohtjntrcrationcm fims\utVlnioJc^'husnuoci,fccundo VhyficJo 
ceLCaufam utroji fius ciigriiiaie ^J;e£?cs ,fini fj ucroidftr ^uoJ 
res ejlt firmac: fi den'hp nomen commune denote t,omnihus caujts co 
fetere iw^juif. ^lementum autrm frofric materi<e couenit, ut Auer 
roes (juofji author ej},ciuarw decxlo, Dkiturijrjurma elcmctum, 
frout e(l rei pars: fed ^uod non fcmfer fermnnet , dementi ratiohe 
frofTi€,ac uerc,ir f r'mo non fuhit.Quare dnfttjui meteriam , ucre 
frincifmm affcUahat, (<juifpe^ui firmasfuhflantialesadhuc ignoi 
rahant^uod tvta ret fulflantia wde fendereV.ac froftered Ariflos 
teles frimo Pliyficorum in<juii,dfc iliis uocsta prmcipifl, mnem naq; 
caufm hoc nomine nuncuf chant. Quaprof^ter ex fententia Alexan^ 
dri,non ejl dicendum,h(ec eadem el]'e,md'iffer enter q; omnih, caufis 
comfetere:atiii Ariflotelemea nuncconjiinderefatifjiejj'e.fialthi 
CA dijl'xnxer'ilQnmQdo ?h\\o[cph\am a mathematica (efarat]<jum 
uisjextD friw<r i'hdofcfh'ne mathematicam Vhilofcfi.lm uocetSie 
lihro nono eiufdem,fotentiam maihcmaticis frili4ir;^udw tarr.en ahU 
?hdofofhi(Z natural! fropriam ep dixit. QmneUamartemac fden 
tiam longo inter fe interuaUo diffidere fexto ^thicorum tradidit:i:r 
tH fexcentisalijslociseasnuUodifcrimineconJvndit. t<Jonej] ittuf; 
futandum^hxc nomma confundi,(iudfi ita ijs ututur Arijloteks: fed 
(ctis efl lUorum frofrietatem dtjlinxijfe. Porrh GaUnus.ftrtes fis 
fh\\arcs,e\ementa afptUat.^uod nimirum fenfusiudicio ea ftnt eles 
menta.Cxterm nomen elementi.ut reftrt\ loanes Grammaticus ex 
§uihorttate T heofhraJJi, Plato frimum frincif^s imfofuit,t\qi Ga 
]enus ajlipulitur, Quod ft cfuis ({U(rrat,(ium ea cum coniunHione dif 
mvgentc frotuleritieius rei rationemab Alexandra petat , jui earn 



yes 



notmnum multituiinm aifiicniias^c^uec ccrtas caufisrecif 'mnt 
firt,tAathcmaticusnan(ji qui [ua qucrfm a manria fcnfibih , qute 
une nuncuf^atur e\cmcntum,abjlrahit, omnia ai iejintioncm redu^ 
cit.Werum naturalis fua,ad pmifia,i:r clen:<m,(qu\a ad mattria 
frmcifiumiiinaniralc^undcommsmotus oritur.)dcfirtrrmus utrh 
Vhilofofhus,nuamuis omnes caufas in umucrfum conftderAtvtamfm 
finem/jr firmm qucc undm rationem uidentur ohhnere,ac n\oturc 
frimumfotiffmum Jfc3at. Nec froji^loin mto exord^ovominA 
dijlinxij[e fatii fuijfetinifi fcr M fdctids fipararc m animo fiiifi 
fct.Quod quia Themifl'm non animaducrtitt ne hac quidcm feiunt 
xit.Omms ergoJcicntia,qu(C re^c tra8atur,frimas fuas cognof :it 
caufis^e quikfum coclufmcm cogit. quare mathematicus a funcii, 
Ii»ie<r,^ circuli dcfinitione:naturaUs,a mamict'.iy primus' Plnlr/S 
fhui^ah ultimo fine y^rima fvrma,fr'moq',agente fuam Jcicntiamori 
ditur.unde fiiam quoq-, dcfromit dignimttm.Quandoquidcm primus 
Vhilofofhus.duo , ncmpc entia ir fnrincif ia entis conjiderat : uelut 
Auerroc5,idif(vm ah klexundro mutuam duodecimo fttma Philo 
fofhix trf\atur.Qu\hus fic conjlitntis.quare Vhilofcf'hus in tffcjU^ 
ftm fhyfca traclaaonis U€j}ihulo,ea nomina diflmxeritcx Alexan 
drifententia-.quodqi omnisfcitntia,nedum mmralti tantm^k frimis 
ciufis,frimisq; frincifijsjiiam auj^icamr cognitionem , tam hquido 
conjlat.nccfitis cj]e ut ideo hie di^iiortts eas indiflinEie fropom , f 
tflifcliirmcrft,Jiy]inxcrir^;,djf/fUfrcmus. Atqihircin Akxandri 
gratiam aUata funt;ne aliquii in Vhilofifho fufcrumnfum aut ua 
fiumeffe.admiUerccogmur, Cccttrum, ft denoflro qucq; ageUo, 
fofl M mntascff uigiliasnhquid adfhrre liceVXnon quidem, ut Alf x« 
iricxfofit\oni,quahuk houdficile accommodatiorcmrefet 
riflj , d'ctrahamui , uel quicq^> hmji au^axium adijcUmus ; utrm ut 



uirtifldnxcf fttfljflfjir pfcilo/cfW caniiiAtii gratij\cemur.)fus 
tirtm,^ hoc libro trii principia portdt ,tju<r non funt ucic caujct, 
(,fmcn\mfr\\iat^o ejl caufa,nifi fcr accidms. ) nec una elemenm, 
quia ft manriam excifias,non junt rci nifi froutgtgmtur,f*artts: \c 
drcohac nominum multi^udmc ufuw fniJjeM Itgnificetfah ijs (fuof 
modocun<fi uocenmtfUcl cauja.ucl principle , cut eUmcnta, C cntx^fui 
mrrit^; hiiUo,alifhoc nomine ca nuncupahant) iam ejje oriiendum: 
f ftnt rcrumnaturalmm , uf fiunt frincifia^ Sec in ratione lant 
£<luiuocatio. nam non oh id,f in conjirwaaone altter utaturnmis 
ne elementi ir caufa ,Jyllogifnius diceniusejl effe (e(juiuocu$, 
Vorro m4xim(m banc fropofitioncmjola comum hominum opinione 
ferjuadet ea naqi euidetis rationis fata efficax ejl confirmatio. Sub 
itt deinde. \Tunc enm fummus cognpJj^reunumciuodffCum caujis. 
frimas cognouerimus.l Per caufas frimas,inteJligo proprifls.(Si^«i 
dem o3auo VhyficoTUm,iT Mi Jcrf ius, frimum accif it loco pro* 
frij.)hoc jenfuitunc ofinamur cognoj cere, cum caufis frofrias , ir 
frincifia frimajjoc ejl proximatufij; ad elementa,^uod ejl fummai 
cauja$,cognoueYimu5. Nam per elementa fummas caufas, ex quthus 
res fiunt Lr {unt,ftgn\Jicat.Sic enim (fumtD prima phdofophicc cap» 
de elemento,ait elementa ejje ipja rei indiuifthUa ex (^uth . componii 
tur : uiuocis elementn junt ltter(e,in (fuas grammaticus earn diJfoU 
uit. In^tiif ergo, tunc arhltrari nos uere fare cum peruencrimus ufc^i 
mTnm,ip{a fcdicet rei indiuifibilia,ex (^uih.coagmetatur, At^i 
hxc prohationon jclum i caufn najci fcientiam , ut primo poflerio^ 
rum analyticorum traditur,docet; Verlm etiam ordinem caujcrum, 
quo ad lummam peruemre pojftmus commonflrat . Quomodo fuam 
^uoqi tra^ationem primo hhro injlituit , nancji ex priuatione ir 
firma , principijS fihi mutuo fuccedentibus , ac ex fmditudine cum 



ijs (fU(r arte fiunt,ma(tri{e naturm in(^uirit. Alij hm conflrmatio 
ncm lon£e contra inter ft etantur , ir fer ekmcnm , caufis rci (jucc 
fitfroximas intrUigunt. Porro uia comf>onentr uidctur refcluens, 
^ua fr'mas caufai mdagamus in cognitionr fotior^magi cf, artificiA 
bs . tunc enim opinamur cognofcere , cum Jummam caufcm c^ua res 
fj^tiy c <\^(i ferficla frimaq, cogniiio faratur , fcrccftum cognis 
tamq'^habucr'mus. { ^anififlum gfi.j Locum hunc f\cmtthgtns 
ium fjfearh'wor , (p concludat , <{i iifficihs Jit huiu$ fcicntKe, cfua 
f/? de rcrum natura tra^atro: ol id f^ilicet , ^ difficilis occuita([i 
fit frimorum frincifiiorum noticia , (juia fmfiiciajunt , atiji pro^ 
culi finfibusnoflr'is jepo/ira. Intuit autemfrmum icttrmware 
psntandum ej} , ^iifl/i dicat , Of orttre fr'imum tnuentre , undc fr'm^ 
cipiorum cognitto fctenda fit, Continet auttm hoc fcofum , ordis 
ntm<f> trai^aUoms , tx (fixhus ofortti principiorum noticxam ucnai 
ri, 'tn ca fcilket fcicntia m t^ua ratioc'mndOf ac ut ftc dtcam dtjcurs 
rendo , frogrcd'mur. de heic nancji , non dc ea ^u<r fin^ acc^uiritur^ 
loquitur Philofofhus , ueluti jufra {iio^* admonuimui. Vorro in hic 
ratiocinante rtottcla f ^uod ftimurn cognofcendum occurrit , cfl ifs 
Jiim confufum . (^uod nuidcm duflcx efl , nam un'iucrfule , (^uod far 
its continel in fottntia cum ordmc tumcn , ir de (juo agit in hhris 
fofleriorum Amliticorum ,conjiifumaffe}ktur . Alterum ef\ con 
fifum cuius certitudinem fdrtium non hahemus . at(\i hoc dfiun^i 
folentnominare , Dehocfojleriore loc^uitur Ariflottks(^uodctiam 
Grteci aniniaduerterunt alio modo f inteUigi ah Ariflofrle uniuer 
file hic.h" a\\o modo lihro foflerioru\ licet foflea de f mo uniuer fati 
he mtelligat haud reUe ftnferint , huius (pjidem adminiculo frinci^ 
fiorumcognitioncmfcrutntur, hoc cnim frimum nobis innotzfcit; 
tt jU(C its faratur noticia,cofrfa e-,^ nuh cius pars urio diflm^e'^i 



aifcrcipidfiir.Tflk cmm tjlM (juolibcl Jicitvr fjfc ufl now fjjc , m 
pimfl Pbilo/rpbw fcoc naruj; pindpiu»n cn^nition« qu/i(i<im priwlfji 
fwfc/; occurrence fr(chenditur,e(l(i, ceu Unute locus in aiihus,quem 
nemo ignorare fottjl. A <^uo AiriJlotzUi ^uoqi ttmqi Jlatim cuilihct 
ohuio diJj}utntionem aufj^icatwr iiliunUd otatione ufus,ceu confitfa, 
4C frimum nota.Difiun^im auttm ontioncm <ju<r oppofitis confldt 
cuiusmodi cj\, unum mu\m,f{nitu*n ue\ xnfimtum.molilc am im^ 
mohde fmikm ejfe iUiJe tjuolii^r iicitur ejje,uel non ejfe,neminem 
hterc arhtror,fiitq\ hitc funt,£iux circa prmcifia frimum funt detir 
nimanla.Subiungit dcinde. | Innata efl aute m nohii mA,\ Quaft 
iicauVia ini^uirendi ej} ah umuerfdih.<iu(eJlionih.ad minus uniucr 
fileSfisr cum (ju<c/Iio an frincifia fint unum uel flura,fit magis uni 
uerfAiSfUtfote (^ua fauciora frxfuffonat,iccircoamagi$ uniuer^ 
[alihu$ uia ini^uirente^froficifcendum efl;id eJ}, a (lucflmihus 
gn uniuerfalihus ^uce conjiant termims magis notis,in naturali fcien 
Ha (fuemadmcdum latius prtmo primx Vhilofcfhide , uhi de ncflrte 
cognxtionis ortudil^utauimus,exflicuimus. Ah if/a ergo nmra hoc 
nohis infttum eJ}, ut ex notiorih.nohis^indagemus ta (fkte nobis Junt 
mognita,(iU(t ArifloteUs dixit effe mamfcjlxora naturae isrfimfli 
titer. Sim fliciter nota,funt fimfhcia,(iua non tantum nohis Jiunt not 
til, fed dicuntur natune maniJijU,<luia fua naturo'fercifiuntur^neqi 
alltrius caufce auxi\io\ndigent.Quodf\eane<juimusaffrehtnicret 
\i nojlrce imhiciUtmti ac dtfe^ui^no autem lUorum conr.fofiUom Isr 
anijigum^ efl trihuendumAta materia frima (^uamuis a nobis f^Uo 
gifmo notho.rjofcatur,ac fimilitudme\tnm(n fmfhciter efl nota;(fuo 
nim fim f lex ef},nec alio tanij; frincifioinnctejcit. Vfriw^uwefl 
w fotentia;cius cognofcend^ diJficultas,non tantm ex nohii,uerum 
1 Jua ^uo^i natura oritur: licet utftincifium ,ftt naturee nota ; (}ui4 

Jim flex. 



fiirplex.Nihil igitur alfJtrii commictimus , dm lkimu$ earn ejji 
notam ir 'ignomm,eJ} enim nom,<juat^nu$ cjl fimpkxifid cjl \gno 
ta.prout ej] in fottntia , a-tcrius ope cognofcitur . laKj, prima 
frincipia [unt notn naturtt ,(futa funt fmplicia.i.'r difiunnum^ (fuoi 
€p confufum It' uniuerjale , primum nobis cogr,oJcitur , (^uod cius 
partes indiJlmUc mnonfcant,(it(ji ita un\uerfak;<iuomam muitn fub 
fi confusi compleSlitur. N eq> ejl mcomodum,aut ah Artflottle ahcf 
num diccrc, primum cognitum ejje aliquoidijiunclum innato igitur 
f/? nobis uia ex notts mbis,ad ea ^M<r nimr<r notn junt. N o fu^i aut 
natures nota,ut i^uidam (xiflimant , f naturd ea primum cognofces 
ret, ft a\i<^uxd cognofceret: fed (fuia fua natura ^nf Jmplicia,?orf 
TO banc ejfe cognofcendi uiam confirmat , uhi ait^non enim fur.t eat 
dem It nobii notn.O' fimpliciter,ciuoniam auljficaremur a nobis ft 
mul fmpliciter.t^ec dixit,nuUa eadem : (juoniam fi^tajfts alu^ua 
funt,<fu(e eadem lunt nobis nota,i:r naPiree^ut in mathematicis.lm^ 
mo,ut Auerroi placet^multn (f^uoqi in natura,eadem funt ncta nobis, 
It fmp\iciter\ erum iHi hac in re non ell adhbet^du fides, ut muU 
Us in locis demonflrauimus.Cceterum tfuee nam fmt iUa , (fute nobis 
primum percipiuntur, Arifoteles docet.cum ait, junt autzm primum 
nobis dilucida acmaniftjla cofufa m.agis, weft rid fcilicet difcurfiua, 
ijr <^ua prindpia naturaiia inuejligamus , isr diJlinSlam qucerimus 
cognitionem.Sunt autem confiifa magis,qu<r (uM magis uniuerfalia, 
ir per difiunclionem ejferuntur \nde circa prindpia primum coi 
gnofcitur^caeffeunumuelnon unum,id(f,obwtellcnu \senim fit 
\us ranones diuer^as comprehendens,{(iuod Jenfus, <fui in particular 
rib.occupatur.nequitf)iudicatentia multa effe . Eflpropfcr Ari/Iofp 
les infra intuit, (ubjlantiam ac (^uantitntem It cjUAhtatem, multn ef 
fe^i^uamuis re ipfa non feparentur ,fcd ratione^ Qmre cum halet^ 



aut unum cjfc,aut non unum\non tantum inftUiglt (juoJ al alijs fcfa 
ratur,Jid ctiam idnuodrdtione dijlinguicur.cx ijuo foljiicerc foi 
tts/fiammualcairaUo hriflotclxicum inc^uit ^fi cruntfubpatia, 
£r ^ufl/e,ir ^uantum;mulfti funt c^ux fmt,ip' non umm»?Timum 
trgo c^uod inttUeclus circn frinc'tpia cognofcU,eJl,iffum unum ejje, 
4ui non unum.Atqi hoc eft uniuerfakjc tjuo hie tfgic Phdofcfhuy^ii 
ucrfum ah lUo^quo utitur in lihris foJJerigrum Analyticoruminon ut 
loannes Grammaticusccnjlt^alijifi autumant.Wccat enim hie unb 
uerJalc^diftunclUfiT confu^m,ut anna diximu5,(^uAU ejl hoc, prm 
cif ium unum fffe aut non unum,(iuolt (jui^^m ex ttrmims unlucrfi^ 
hbuscoaceruatur,(:r per diuifioncmdiJlinBe^iimhuJdam inttrccde 
tihratiomh.cofrcchcnditur unum ejjc, aut non unum . Quomodo cl, 
Ariflottlcs docet,idcii mulUs rationibus^non eJJe unum,ac froptrrca 
nddit, I PoJ}crius auttm ex his nota Jiunt elcmentn ir frhcipia.iji 
fjiidiuiduntipfi,l diuidentibui nanqiper difiun8um,elementa eua 
iunt manififla.frimum quot numero^einie qua nam ea fmt , nm, 
uli una pars difmnHi uera ejfe cognofcitur diuiftone , ea^> ratione, 
comprohatur,relinua perimitur ijr injirmatur. Quare in<juit Vhilofo^ 
fbus,ifs ifui diuidunt eonfufa ex his (^U(e ^nt circa principia, nempe 
unum ejfe aut plura,notu euadunt elemenm It- prtncipia, Ncc crc$ 
J^erim illud,0',connenereeadtmprincipia isr elcmenta jcddiuet 
fi. ) Quapropter exuniuerfihb.\ Audcremhicajferere,ncminem 
interprecum horum uerhorum fcnfum attigijfc;atqi ita tnafraJjefUi 
Arijlotelis tra^atiom Ji|J?u(anom^;cum antKjuis reJj)ondeant. iiip 
non aliam ob caufim^qi quod integram Alexandri expofitionem non 
intueantur.mihi uero efl ad manus eius quajlio in qua titn huius pro 
tcm'^jirles explkaturAtoqi coneQentur hac cu (itper'wrib, hoc pat 
80,^ c6 uiam muejligandi frincipa cx his difmnHis,puta unu ejf : 



iut flurd,nohi iniicajfetnunc ordmem,(fuo lis iifmnUis uti Jclei 
mus comoflrhtfin(imtnSyfropttreaincipicnium cfl a difiunUo magii 
uniuerfah^co uMicct (^uoi fortil.magis notis conflat. A t(^ui inttr 
oia iiftunSa, nullum eft quoi frius nati; jc offer at qi hoc,unum aut 
multu-.cft.n.magis immcdtatum enti , i(^>primo notim , ir ^utfmuis 
fofuerit tret dmiftones ^uo cofle^crttur omnes tfnfi^uorum opinios 
ne5,cum fmt circs fr'mcipia:ft(iuts tutncn aires conferet.frimaerit, 
ejje unum ens aut fluraSic quoi ad nofha cogmtionem fpe^it,fri 
its fe offert urmm ejj'e aut flura,^i alia ; kcirco hide enam ordis 
tur,i^ im namerumnaturam'tfifrmcij^iTrum indagat, In(juif frgo, 
(piaprofter ah uniuerjaltb.ad fmgularia frocedere ofortet, hoc ejl 
frojicifcendum e(l a confijfis magis uniuerfthbus ad minus uniuerfi 
Uconfiifumfiidetdmferftngulare mteJligit,)tide Aut eft ,an fubs 
Jtantia una.uel flures,fi(piidem hoc minus uniuerfile ejl , q, unum 
aut mulm. Dixit autem in plwal't ex uniuerfalibus,n6 ut tres lUas di 
uifiones comfrcehcnderetfnemfe unum aut flura,finitum uel infinia 
iumtir mobile fUel immobile. nam hte tres omnem ut diximus antif 
quiorum opi*iionem de principijs continent r atione cmuni jed ut ots 
p:ias comfle^ere tur,in(fuit f prmum per umuerJalia,iT qutejlioni 
bus uniuerlalibus principiorum cognitionem oggredi debemus in orn 
mkus fcientijs.Atcii id fmilitudine fumpta a tnto coprobat, ad maio^ 
rem rei perf^icuitntem.nam quemadmodum totum ante fcnju perci 
f itur qi parte5]ito intelleHus prius magis uniuerj^de apprehendit qi 
minus uniuerfale, quod ejl dt fmnUum, quod ter minis minus uniuerfi 
hbus coagmemtur.prius naqi inotefcit,effe unit aut plura qi ejj'e una 
Jubflatta. \ Wniuerfale out tvtu <^uodda ejl. \ no dixit uniuerfale efje 
'totu,qa no lojtur de uniuerfali quo utimur f pnedicado , ut nonnuUi 
ferperd funt opinatijcd de diJiuno,quod cojlat ex terminis magis 

c > 



c'oancs I fc fhra,ceu parrrs,^ <t cotinet lUa (jueddmo ju toiu fuas fat 
tts.Dixit ailt uniuerfile difrunUu ef^e quodiam wtu;^a reucra ntd 
no cjcd ucluti mu,duoh.ttrmm$ co!?a«,^ (juo (unt magts ur,iuer(a 
lcs,eh plura cofrchcndit Q^iare f^njus hincdufmodi coUigi fOt,f ci 
nobis imm fn uia^cx nohxs notii cjucc fx^nt copifi^ly dijiucla,ad ca 
qu(c flint nam fmphc'iKr : opcrccprcctum eflMt in ijs difmndis or-j 
do jcruetur^ui pr'im'um capiamus difiun^um magis umucrfalCf dc 
per diuifioncm pars uera dignofcatur,ecui, denuo dmifionc cognofcd 
tur, donee ad certam prmcipiorum cognitiontm pcruenerimus : isr 
propfrrM flif, dmdenuh.jxl mamftjla , isr ccm cognitio ,u/^i ai 
func'ip'ta.AtcffhiceJl ordo,(iucm cum antK^u'is dijj'umrs objcruat, 
PhiloponuSfisr (jm eum inJc(^uuntur^confiindunt terminos uniuerfa 
les cum totv difiun^o,uerum ft diligcntius ammaducraj^cnt, c^ua m 
duflria. Vhilofophus ufus fiicrit, diccns confiifum isr non compojts 
mm ptofiTo rci un'Kattm agnouiffcnt . Nf^iproJef? profugtjfe, 
ut<iuidam ficit ad mcndum tan^, pro (fvyK&^xkfov ^juoJ cjl compofi 
tum,fiiffcclum fnlibrarijumo c(vyM\v fxiv ov. (^uedefl cofufum: 
cii^n id,ut diximus de induflria itn fuer'it prolatum . Sunt pr^nrcA 
flurimx alicr reccntiorum 'inttrpretationcs](iuas ego omncs Jludioi 
Jis,non Jccus ^, peflem fugiendas effe cenfio;quod hominem in eum 
gurgitem pr£ecipiteni,unde pojlea nqwit emergere,ut interim taces 
«rn loannemgrammaticum.iiui fibi contradicit'.ob iini fhUor ,(iuoi 
ipJi,non jecuscii Sim plicius, Ale xandri explicit] onem in fc(^ui uerea 
tUT.nimfiubiex Alexmdri fententia dixerunt , uniuerlaks magis 
t^uteflmes proponendn ejfeiper uniuerfalem (iuaflmem,inifUexif 
jint diftunUum terminis magis uniuerfahbus conflans,ciuodab Ari 
Jlottle fuh problcmatis Jirma,fed ordine magis uniuerfili perquiri 



turireHi utiifi dixifPcntAd <fniw haht ratio*tcm tDfius,h' etim ors 
■ dinem i (ua vraUatione.dum cum antitfuis dijjumt,inle<iuitur »ff(\ui 
dcm ^rohkma magis u*iiuerfale frofonit. Quinctiam numeru frin 
■cifiorum tradens frmum udtur ttrminls omm motui gen€ratiom(i; 
communib.nemfe priuttionc icfirma. {nam primus ttrminus (fuem 
uocat friuationem tarn motui habcnti contrarium frtuans,^} (fuodre^ 
uera mk €(l,comffetit,)at(ji ex ijs,wattri^t fiim(t,(fu<t ad fui cogni^ 
4ionem,cm fit impcrfv^a, exigit Jyllogifmum (jfurmm , ut fupra 
(^uoqimonuimus'.ac proptrrca cam tarn Ariflot^lts (fi Platv,utnoM 
SimpUcihS finnhtudinc eorum (^uce artr fiut. patrfacit. { Pbnunrur 
auttm hoc idem c^uodammodo. | Warie hunc locum interpretes enar 
rant,mhiili mdentur ea ifua ah Mjlotele pemtus ahhorrent adfir^ 
rc.Vcrum ego ni fhUor plantorem uerioremq-, fenrenttam proporo; 
nempe,(jf cum per fimilimd nem a jenfu deprompmm , noflram cos 
gnitionem ex confiifjs magis oriri docuijfelcumi:^!' inteUe^us noflri 
motus duplex fitjUt monet primo de anima,nempetdefinitio,i7' des 
monflratio'.idipfum nunc per definitionem demojlrtre nititur . nam 
quod primum nobis m definitione fe offert,e[l definiti nomen , cjuod 
fartes dejinitionis in fe in conjufocomple^itur.Vr^itereaimcjuit hoc 
idem nomina,(^uce fcilicetfignificantdefinitum,fatiunturad defis 
niaonem^quce definiti partes diJlinSl exfrimit atqi explicat. Dixit 
autem c^uodam modo,(^uoniam dejinitio habet aUu partes,<iuee in noj 
mine deJinitOfContinetur inconpifo nam cm animal audimus^in con 
jufoJubJjAntiam animamm cognofcimus : ficcum circulus dicitwr, 
linea una (uperjicie contenta intrHigitur. Piiqi hcec definitio (juii no 
mims uocari folet,<iuce indiJlmUefcili(ei.id figmficatf<{uod definitio 
Huidrei m fcholis noflris ippellam ,in partes diflmguit. Adhac, 
hanc uiam a conjufis in cognofcendo froffredienttm^txtmplo a p uw 



ns icfnmfto conjirmAty(luliem ififtm nolh i ndturi ^ufl^f; Infitttm 
tjfe confirmat. N am Anttq, fucrwum cerchrum a Juftruacua dcni 
mk humiiitate ^xonerttuf,ipft mnet uiros fAtresiir omnts fxmi 
«<!5,mfltr« nommnt: M uhi intr^c^us tfrum ufgf ftor fadusfue^ 
rttfrKmpe ubi imdgtMtio, fufcrfluo d calore nafurali cxiccdntc hut 
more abjumftD,exfurgamfiterHMrcernuntJij}inguntqi, Hacigi 
tur iiJ}in^io,Abim(tgmahonis finjusq;rcfurgationeormir,uli Jcis 
licet fuf erfluumhumore, oh (jucm, turn fuerorum, turn pumilmum 
wpita onermr,ut ca mx foffint attoUere^def^fuerU. Atqi duo hdc 
cxemfU not! ad candcm dcclarauoncm Arijlot^les indux'tt.fii 
ut huius primie ^luxfltoms duo declararet . Vrimo fitfuidem exems 
flo cxflicat mu ipfrm habere partes,et ^ frtus cognofcatur fu4t 
fartes,at(i;ffrima(iU(rJlioconcludatduoofpofitnmf partes* ' 
Altera uero exemplo declarat,modum cognojcendi primum ejfe ah 
ijlo confufi,i7- pojlmodum partes ordine atf, diJlMe pcr(fuirere; 
ut figmficet primum res inteUigi fub confvfa cogmtione,po(lmodum 
iifltncle partem ipftus uera per roes percpri dehere.Atqi hcec mdji j 
dem,cui una Alexandri interpretotio (atisfitcit,aUoru ineptijs , quas 
ne maiorem parere huic loco ohfcur'ttaticofutm-e nolm,reieUis,ad ho 
ru uerborum exphcatiotic fitis effe u\ditur,C(eteru/um multifint 
libri AriJlotebs,prceter eum (fui de rerii natura pertraUet, aufculta 
torij & Acroamatici\fio crit firtaffe ab re,ne(ji inuule. expendijje, 
^uare hie de aufcultatione naturali infcrtptus fiierit,permde ac ft Jos 
lus effet acroamattcus.Verum antea piucis expUcemus ifuii fibi ue% 
bt hocnomen ctK^oxfxxriKo^.Scireituqiltcet,duo ejfehominum 
^ui(edtfciplim5dedut^enera.WnH,<iuod omnium artium ac fcier» 
Uarii bene (juanda eruditione,(iuam AriJJotelei prima de parnl. ani 
malium •jrao^aVr (ippeJlat,perJe(iuiturMic fitis ej},rcrummult(tri 



V 



noti(ia;carunic[; conclujmes, sc (funfJam uniuerfihores caufisch 
tra ordincm nouijle,uclutt primo libra Ethtcorum, h- fecundo frif, 
tncc Philofofhia, alias latiui dilputnuimusAnhuius gratiam ijaVhi 
lofofho fcrifti fuerunt lihrt,(iuos % fortf inovor nommat,(iutqi conx 
clufiones hau^ujq) in frimas caufis itJJoluuntCuiufmodi Junt fro 
hlemam,ac ^uadam moralia.Alttr urn genus hominum efl, (^uod fri\ 
vnasrerum caufis imefligateasqi iTrifjijuom©? ac fcientifice cos- 
gnofccrc defiderat.his confcrtftifitcrunt libri otxf oflf/matTiito'i , ^. 
concluftonum primas caufas dijfoluendo froponunt,i:r ordmcm jcr, 
uant^aulmodi omncsjunt^ut loanni <fuoqi Grammatico utfum jvii^ 
Hui ab if Jo fhilofofho in froocmio tActtorum cnumcrantur* Forrh If 
Itr hic,(iuodnatura,naturalia(ji frincifia indagct,(ju(e cogmtn funL 
longc omnium difficiUmaiiccir CO, ni faUor.id nomims fihirct]nuit,ut 
it namrdx aitfcuUationc infcrihi mcrcrcmr: f in ro tva fhilofcfhid. 
fOttntia^utlociM foletrius includaturiScc ficundusifrimo dtjirahi 
debet, utgr acts flacct,(iuaft in frimo dc materia fotius de alijs- 
frincifijs^atcji in (ecundo de efftciente,u^l de firma.magis de alijs. 
fertr4cletur,nam uterqi eadem frofonit, licet diuerja exflicandi ras 
tione,ut antea diximus.ir in frimo matertam, in ficundo uero fir^ 
mam^quce cum efficiente fmihfudmem obunet, muejligat. adp id H 
Jin fit Auerroes jccundo fhy ficorum, cum dixit frincifia natur alia 
ij-naturamejfe fuhie8um,hocefl,eafoti([mum hie confiderari: 
nam reii^ui motum,atqi ea quce momi adhatet, exflicant, Vorro duo 
gdhuc firtsjfis hie examinanda rejlant , nemfe , (fuod nam fit titius 
thdolcfhue (uhie^lum \deinde quid fit iUud quod frimum fe nobis 
tognofcendum off^ert , quod frimum cegnitum , ir cognition 
firm occur [criam noflri faffim uocant , June i^uduniuerjale,an 
fArticulmiWcrm i^uiaifjemei ^rijloteles [ulK^lum in frimo ^ 



iccct[ofrofom\i,dt^i\icJ[e iiiJ«tvr.^uic(]uiJ in corpus ualmt^unl 
uerfum jcilicet corforcum dusf pams : profttrca ad eum locum, 
lBn<j; ctnuieflioni profrium reijciatur. Altrrum auttm , ex y$ ^uo<j» 
jux iam in enarrationc froxwjj docuimus fattrc fatis futv . ncmpc 
confufum nobis frimum occurrercMC per confufum flli^uoJ in no 
Ocid occurrcntz unum,efl audicndumifed c^ucepio magis umuerfalis 
ex fcnKtttia Alexandricfuod tjl difmnclum maj^is uniuerfiU ttrmi 
ms fcdket magis umuerfalibus conflans.id enim nohis prtmb ifKfuiri 
ium fe offcrt: Cceterm inflabis ,ft confiifum ma^is uniuerjalc cjl 
id ijuod pnmo cfl mtjuirendum , primal Phikfcfhia tjjet ^uo ad nos 
frimaijuomarH {juarerc,an ens fit urum uel mulai, ad primum jj)e^ 
Hat PhiloJophum.jcddico,nominaiU<tcommunh , mnqi umuerjaliA 
ac communis prxmumnohxs innotefcere t fides dijitnguia prima 
rhilofophidKff fit fcientia,(nuce communu pertraBet.non tnmen ob ii 
ipfa eft nobis primum now, nam cognofcenda f[»nt iUa.cb (jute nuncu 
panmr/utTO -m (^vcixol.ijuifjnon ntfirehus naturahbxognitis per 
cipiuntur.Qnhi ftplmus explicari cupis,(juid fit (^uodin nctitia uo 
cata occur feria, primum fi offert (iuamui5 id ad hoc negotium mini^ 
me pertineat.f Philofcphus ea inuepiget , ^u<r prmum (juceri de^ 
lent, tnmen ut hic ^uoij; in parfc tibi [at\sfiat,aio id (juod prmum in 
notitia ea fit obuium,ejJe concretum accidetale,<iuemadmodum, meo 
quidem iudicio.ut adn(rotericos defcendamus , Heruteus reEliusqi 
C(Zteri,ammaduertit.idenim primum a (enfib.inttUeuius recipit.fii 
ut umum efi interuaHum magis minus'q^ difians.ita uarium quoq, efl 
oUeclum, quod primum abin(en<:Slucognofiitur : nontamen potefi 
excedere rationem concrete accidenmlis.erit enim album <^uodpiam^ 
aut nigrum, uel alio colore infvclum,quod eminus a uifit, {utpore q\a 
filus remotn percipit,) apprehenditur.nam jtifc ratione alcerius qua* 

limtis 



htatis, puftr ut cahJum,uel frigihm,uelguflahik, <fiep reliijuifenf 
fusmagiscorforei (cntiunttnon potrjl indiflantia alicjua notatudi 
gna fcrcifi.fclet.frcet^reaah mtirftctihus hocctidm locociuari <ie 
regreffuMt utarillorum uerho,eiuodab Auerroe mutuantur ,<fuam 
Arifhtrks demonjlrationem circularem primo fojlcriorum Andy 
ticorum apfcUat ^ucc{futcflio,i:r ftnihiladnmrakmcontrmpla^ 
Uoncm l^c^arc uidttur: mnicn ut nihil dcfiderare fcjps , duo in ea 
txaminabimu iunum an Pcripatttici dufmodi regrejfum admiHit: 
a\nrum,(iuid utiUtatis afj^eratScirc ergo Ucet , duflicem frofoni a 
latinis cognojccndi uiam primam a fojlcriorih.ad caufis (fum inuc 
tiuam dicunt,(fuod AriJJotclcs iixitfprimo prima ?hilofcphia,a ju 
hicUii ad caufasialtrrm a caufis ad fuhicBa,<fian\ fcicntijicam ap^ 
pcU/inl^O' iudiciakm:illa,a fuhieElis mqua isr cfft^lih.ad caufis pro 
jiajcitur Vhilofcpbus in jccundo naturalis aufailtntioms,(m inijuit, 
Quardam funt a natura,(iu(tdam proptrr alias caufas. Did igitur 
4id id <^uod primo loco cfuaritur^an eiufmodi demonjlratio circularis 
apud Pertpattticos copceditur.eam admittrndam tj^t.m dxuerfis (fxi 
dem dcmonjlrationihusqucepcr ft procedunt;putoin dcmonjlratios 
nc (fu<r Jit fx fhrma ad materiam,(fU(t per Jc caufr funt , ac medio 
carfnt.Werum cotrouerJumefl,ut fexto Phyf.nomt Auerroes,an in 
eaiem dcmonflrahone locum haheat.nempe an a caufa ad e^'eHum, 
ab e^e^u ad caufam progredi liceat.Cui refjtondemus , princis 
pia non ejje primum nota nobis, fed ipfa ex ijs ([ua cogmtn fimt noi 
bts inue(]tg(f*nu5:at(i>h(^c dewonPratio docet caufam, ip^ eamefje 
hums uerbi gratia rei caufam . Conditio porro illa,(^uam halet Ari^ 
JlotrUs prima Ppflcriorum Analyt.capiteje ipfo fcire (fu<g ejl , f 
imp \ffihile fit alitetfi habere.excimfue intelligi ne^ptit nifi a caufjs 
ad cffciiam,i^' contra ab eJj-eSu ad caufim regredicimur. ut difcd 

D 



mils principiii cum fuis cffeUib.commcarc dc regreii.Quoi uhi cos 
gnotitrmui ,U\r\c nohii ionflat , fn ri non fojfc ui hie effcHus aliam 
halcat cauQm;^cmus(fi cam effe caufam hum r j^ctlii5,ir iiwpa/i 
fibikejft ut aliter (c hihtaiQuihus ficconftituns.comunicuidam, 
eorumc^ui ^mfhyficinuncufantur, ar^umcntv , cumaiunt tftex 
frimo frogrejj'u id nAncifcimur,qucd fciamus hums cffe caus 
Jam:mhi\ frodcjje dcmon\lrat\Qnc a caufi ad tffcUum, (juifye ^u^d 
frior dcmonjlrauo td docuerit.huic inquam rcjj'ondere hcct , (^ucd 
cx utroifiregrejfu hoc acccdit commodt,^ fciamus, ta inter fc com 
m^arc, fieri f non fojfe ut huius e^eolus aha fit ciufa.frartrr earn, 
Vcrum non cfi ignorandum^<nu:d ut Thcmifiius docct , ir res iffi 
\oi^u\tur,^rogrtJJus k notis nehis ad noat mturcc, non dicitur demon 
(Iratio fmflicittr.fed fimul duo frohlemam dtrimit : acfroft^rea 
tn^juit Thcmifiius primo {^ofieriorum kruiyncorum ^ demonjlra 
tio fimf'licitcr non accmodjt fe ad ingemj nojiri caftum . (hiare ea 
in ft Auerrocs baud ^uaq, mihi recie finHre uidetur . fid de his has 
Bcnusirelicfuum cf[,ut ad id^uod nobis projfofitum fxnt.accedamus, 
ir cuius gratia fc<rc frcefiiti fiimusiSemjfe ut principia rerum qu€ 
finttCxcutiamus.ac fiipuid circa ea duhium ohfcurum*ue occurritji 
hamus,exfknemus'ijHQuod ut commodius fiat,a mattriaiffa exor 
iiemus,<iu<t prima Vhiiofopho nominatur, 

DE MATERIA PRIMA, Op. 1 1. 

PKincipium ac fcminarium^ex c^uo omnia (juce nwuentur ^ It 
infra ccclum funt,confiant , (Juodiji fins origo ej\ monK, 
Vhil efiphi materiam dixerunt^ir fiihieclum,ex (fuo cum \n fit, fib 
fla«li« ffr fi oriiKT.Hflnc materiam ,}jCj\ii Arij^ouk eefate fiere 



Juperiores,exrehu5 ilU€ natura constant, fihm ejfe fihfldntidm 
ran.omnem Jpcdem acjljnia,^ualiaitem :iuncufahant.De hoc irr^i 
fr'tncip'iOyHuoi mAtrrkm prima dfpcllant,conf ilium cjl in hsc nojln 
dij^aMoc.ii^uirere.prmutij^num fuAtiatura ft fuhj}atiaiv%^yHoLi 
It (^umm fuhijcimr Jvrm(Z,non tamn inic mutuctur ^ fa Jubt 
flsn(id.Dmie,iiuam unimtcm hahcat fcr J?, ac ndtura fvn , <jU(r i 
Jormanon fnroficifcatur.Dcm(f},(^uomoio fit ccttrna^nccii unqi dcjh 
Bura,ium interim caujk Jif ,(juarc (cetera cup^a^fmt mttritui mum 
Aoni^i obnoxiii.Hn nstuji cxpUcatiStOmnis fropemodum amhiguis 
tas^qu^rdcmatrria proponitur} medio ttUetur, ^c primuin inuefli 
j^abtmtu,num pt ccrta alicfua nantra,{iua communi uotabulo fibjta 
tia cjfcntiac^y nommmr.EiuJmodi fane ejje <^uam^\m A riflotelcs 
nuVa ccrtiori ratione iemonflrari, feptimo prima philofophia com 
tendu,qi eo (juod inter c<rtera ^bflanlix proprium ejlmemf e frbijci 
contrarijs.ijs'^'} per vices e^ormari,(^uippe Jteiusn:iturae£et quali 
ias,uel dimenfto.multa fiiiuerentur abjttrda.nam frifnum,ut Philos 
fcphus dicere ccmfveuitypojpones afuhjlantijs fipararentur . uelin 
principijsin immenfumprogrederewur\n€(jieJJet primum alic^uod, 
quod omnium ejjet (juaft fi^ndamentum.nanqj unaquahtT.5 alteri non 
inep,nec un/t alteri Jub(lernitur,nancfi Ar.^.metBphy 'dixit accides 
dcctdenti naninejje: fed cum qu^htnres unu fubicUum fortianiurjU 
li mhivrent iW'ji infirmant. Ad fe^rc. fuvfianticc ac corpora fcnf,lia 
ma{eria,ceu parte confJant:pars(ji tjjentice.ejjenna fubflantiaqi e(l, 
non enim coalefat fubflantia ex ij^ , cfuct fuWantia. naturam non 
fipiunt, Sunt.n habentcf*(iiamejfentiam compofm ex ij' .cfuih. CQn 
f.antur. tA'irericr porro naturafimplex rj], qute ommbus jute ms 
tura fiint , ac fiunt , fubijcttur ; cum ipf^ interim rihl h ibeat , quoi 
Jibi jubjlernatur , otq, \d cjfuod res. c\m aholeniur , aheurt ; cumqi 



gignuntur, mie ttr/ij; j primo fulitclo exor\ur,tur.e(l duff m if (a nd 
turM.mutanomb.affTimc n€cejfam,nam mft ut frtmum fuhieclu 
niuatiomh.fuhijccreturjnullus ejfet rcrum aui ortus , aui innritus, 
efl.ruommum Philojofhorum confen[u conJirmatajentzntiA,cf; jujhc 
^0 nuUo ji>r(efupf>ofito,res nec orircntur , nec occidcrcnt. \ taqi cum 
mattria fit fubjlantia,(iucc ncccffario ffrccexiilit,ac mutntiomk ffe^ 
ciefcuji]; fubijcitur,(^U(e perfi caufj ejl,ac compofnx fubflantix per 
Je fm,in duhium uenit mdt^ria nanira ir ej[entia,an fciUcei inter 
entia ftt numeranda,if>Ja':i} fniv^^yHot , (juod cfl aciu Ihoc c(l, an 
mattrix nmra fit ic?u nec ut fH,mutuctura firma, fedhabcat })oc 
per Jc ir fua naturaMtrum hk nodus /acilius d\jjoluctwr,ub\ priMS 
jui j per matzriam xnttUigmuit cxflxcutrimuu 

QVID SIGNIFICET MATERIA 
irfubicUum. Capur. III. 

MAfprw.ir fub'icBum.cum non fmt uulgi fed ?h\lofofhor\i 
fcculxaria nom\na\oftY(Kfrcciuni ejl mtelligcrc, quo fcnfu 
afud Pcripittticos in uju fmt.Rcrum £^u<e Jenluum iuiicium tjfui 
giunt,i:r raticne cognofcuntur^naturam',haud ahttr melius ac exas 
fitius compreheniimus ^q, eorum,<fu<r (ub jcnfum cadunt abnegatio 
ne. H JC fane uia A nJloteles,cxli fubflantiam,necgrauem ejfe , nec 
leuem,neqi ortri aulinterire : ad hxc ne^i incakfcere , aut aliquam 
femrbationem earn (^ua (juce fub coclo [unt , ir materia comfacla, 
affi:iuntur,f>eri}eti cognouit.Qutnetiam eadem fcrmc methodo fub 
Jlantias a materia jiiunUas^Dtum in^> ac inteJligetitias non moueri, 
fid imparttbiles ceternasifi effe inteUexxt. Simxli <\uo(^> Phxlofcfhndi 
ratione ac uxi^materia notinam indag:iuit]frofotioncfcilicet 



mAmiine earum rcrum ifuee artt fiant^lr omnium fj)eckrum tiegg 
tionc. Sicjuidcm fimihtudo<xphcat , quomodo ea ji habctadrerum 
mutationes'.uidclicct ut lignum,ad artis firmas.negatio uero cius na 
turam cxprimit,nemfc , (f nuhm froprim jhrmam fofftdeat ,fed 
omnes alinudndiu In ea (fiafi hojjittntur , ir fcregrms (fuafcji fito 
grtmio exiif 'xat.^ua nar^:^i rxAtura omnium capax ejl, nec lUa fecu^ 
liarifrofriaus firma , circumfcribitur. Quinctiam fmilimno opus 
tius quod in rerum mtura cxcrccttdcclarav.negatio ucrh naturam ac 
(ubjlantiam eius.fjMct e rcgionc Jirma op f oritur ,aptrit,Hinc fit.ut 
trihus modii ab inttlkclu apprchcndatur.frimm ftmilitudinc if jam 
ommbus mutaAombus priorem cj]c,ej[ tqi (ubjlantiam, quae innumc 
ris firmi$,ac fibi murwo oppofitiSyquarum hxc iUam dcjlruit fubjlcr 
nJtur. Deinde,ut firmcc a qua pcrfh^iontm,Jinem,ac complcmvntii 
nancifciturfubejl,i:r ut ejl compofiti pars,atf abalvjs manrix por 
tionibus jcc€rniiur.?oj}rem\ut caret certa firma , neqi ab ulh dtt 
terminmr.Lr hac rationt m retus non rtperitwr^fid tanium. mtnte 
concipituT.dicitixr'qi im una,omnmm firmarum ncgat\one,i:r ui no^ 
Jlriioquuntur.una priuanue, tAatertaigitur.utnunq; a firma fi^ 
xunpxur nec a potentia alteram recipiendi^ut fubteSa firmce , (iibie 
Ui nomen fortiturut uero alia quapiam firma priuatur^ quam recipe 
re potens e[l, materia Vhilofophis nominatur. Hinc itaqi difcere iu 
cetyqua ratione lubietium,i:r qua materia nuncupatur, N ohm tame 
teignorare kriflotelemoptimoconfilio ipfampotius dixijje ejjefu 
he^u,(x quo resfit.qi ex quo exifln.ftqde per firma res effe uidef 
turyat per mattriam gignitur acfit,perpetui5qyagitatur mutationif - 
bus, It ortmr ac interit. ^d hcec.ut fupra quoq* monumns m primo • 
aufculttttiois hbro fiirifioteles traclat de rebus naturalibus ut ex his 
frmcip\j^fiunt,i:r non ut funu\ erm his diiiu baud leuis fi ingei 



til Mffkultat , fiilaim mAt^riim uoccmui (Llit^um , ^uia firrni 
fiAiiturfitiwuii corforihus nmraliius fuhic^i nomcn ethftcmus, 
Aum es motui,^ualiattius,(iciimnJionihus Juhijci dicimusmihil ins 
tn manmm,ut firrni (tibjlanttx (ukej};(:r corfora , ul (^uaUmtis 
hus It dimenlionibut jubjlcmuntur , difcriminii inttrccdttc uide^ 
Qtr.Cui fie fitii faciendum puto^matcridm frimam fieri (uhieBum a 
Jorma, fus ucro niituraejfe,ut aiunt,poizntia:at corpora (pntiiuaU 
tatcs dtmenfionesrccipiunt, cum fitanatura fiAbfifiant aSu nq; 
ut lo<iuimur,hiibeant ; haudciu^i fiuntTjuahoitum ope , fuhflantttep 
qmn contra. fotius,fer corpora (^uahtates fubfijlunt^ir fiint . Quo; J 
fi obi^cixi mihif faltem dicitwr corpus fubteclum quaUmtis.ubi adues 
nitca:lg\turfitfiibieclum,fmulati[i(fuahms corpus infirmat(juia 
cntea in potentia erat ad fitfcipiendam (juahtatznnnon aliter q, mate 
riaprius ^> formm recepit, pofcr»5,dprn^j nim ad recipiendum : at 
po[lf recepit^iam jirmx JuhieBum ir fiindamentum ^itur. Huic 
ref^onlm potef},materiim primam ejje in potentia ejfentia\\\ <fUo^ 
nim halet fitcuJtafsm recipiendi ejfentiam ac fuhjlanuam <^ucc Jpes 
cifs,trr*At\flot acmaterixefl perfiSiio latcorpus naturaleejfe 
inpottntiaaccidentalinuncupam dicitur ^habetqieffentiam antcq» 
Jvrmatur . Quare corpus^ubi qualitas uel dimenfio accejjit , earum 
Jit fiihie^um proprii ac uerhVerum materia non modo appellation 
nem Jubie^i a Jorma accipit Jed res quadam perjh^a euadit . Atqt 
kcirco nobilts Vhdofophi dtxerunt,iT prttcipue Alexander in fixis 
qucejl'mihus nmralihus,cu m fubiecli ratio non conueniat materia, 
nifi firmam pojJideit,quemadmGdum TUmiilius qunqi fenfit,J9t9 
mam fiibflantia: non efje in materia : ueluti in fubieUo r quoniam ittL 
Jtjgmjicaretur, firmam el[einalii:iu<irepcrfich,quceill* fubij:ere 
tur,nonjccus ji corpora per feci a Jubjlemuntur aduehttintib.juaUtd 



tihus :fij(ju(iliwtes uerc iicuntur cjfcin Jul'icUo, juoniam in^nt 
cor fori perJhHoyTci in^; ttmralu Jcrma dutem fiAjJanttte eflmma 
tcm,fcrindc flf<ji m fubtc^o a fc faclo]ai.qj ita mattria dicitur Julia 
Uu ex ^uo fit re^,farLqi rei ia JiUtcSutqi mattria iy firma Jc im 
uiccm iuuantcs cauj(r,<iua5 concaufis nominamus:^ unaalf^i alte^ 
ra,ncc cjje , nec fuum opus ahfolucrc c^ueaL Per firwam itvf fuh^ 
JlanUce, materia jit pars comfofm^isr fuhcUumifed jiia natura eft 
fotentia,i:r materia, A<i[i haUenui nomen m€teriie,ac fubiecli Jit 
exflicamm, 

AN MATERIA ,CVM SIT OMNES 
Jirma fotentia , nuUamqi fihi uendket frofriam, 
fit fiibjlantia aUu, Cup. ] 1 1 1. 

Philo fcfhus materiam ai firma ]i habere dixit ut Itgnu ad le 
Qum\at{j, ita innuit iffnm ejjt in fotentia ad firman,: Verum 
tamen Jubjlantiam efje omrii firma carentem docuit in lilris frimar 
fhilofofhix,fer negatiotie omniueoru,(^U(efunt i aliciuogenere per 
ficlo u abfclutu Ex quih. coflat^ciim fit jubieUii ommCdr ut tm 
diximus in fotentia ad Qcrti firma,eamej]e fub^antia.Catcru , hie 
Jlatim <iuarifot;an,cu fit fiibfiantia,frimu f unci fu,iT reru ohm 

ferfe caufa; fua natura ir ejfentia, nihil a firma mutnas ,fit ^ 
>ff a It nflu^Sijie id no caret ratione.na cum a friuaticne Ib^e dif 
firat.ciimcj, no fit ali^d a mente firtu,uerum oium reru origo uttr 
nctCjtcaufia.frioT firma,i:r i omni tranfimutatione fraexifies, licet in 
fotentia fit ad ferfi^wne,nd tame efi in poff nfid ad fuu eJ^e,hoc ejl 
no efi potctia ad iffammet materim. (juaiofjde fii efiet materia fote 
tia ad hoc u< fin mattria, mattria no efict matcria.(iuonia id (^uod c in 
f(jrentiaaliqd,noe{l lUud'.utluti cu didmusSocrateefife ifottntia, 
too efi tun: Socrates iclu.Quin tr aliud incomodum id fiecu adfirt, 



f matmdejjct ai fc'iffam in f>ot^ntia,eJl en'm nccefjr , tif (juiquiJ 
c/? in fot^ntia,matrriam pra(upponat,ut}uti frimo Phyficorum de 
monjkauit Phdofcphui.Dcnhp, materia non cjjtt.ciuodtamenajjei 
rmmus, fm flic X .nam (f^uod fit cjuodlft (J} in potrntta ut fiatyComfos 
fjvdmejfe fcxccntis locii ^rij]o(zUs iocuiuSuni nonuulgarcs Pfci 
lofofht,qui hcec cohi^rere non pojfc conttndunt\nempe,tJJe in f^n 
tia ad omnem prrJicliovem,l^ jua namra (JfcoHu . nam ejjc aUu, 
§lquam pcrfiBwncm indicat. Qjiarc cum Jit in irjinitum impci fif 
ad omnem fti ft^ioncm fottnUa.nuUus lUi iaiuntyaSius (uA 
niiuracompctit^ fed omnem a firmamutuatur, ]to(j,,ut h<eccontro 
uerjia,<fU(e diu AriJloteUs interpretes n>rfu,jcdetur : opus efl , ut 
materia naturam isr quo paElo cum Jirma concrctum componat,ex 
fendAmus.^cprimum fumendumeQ id,inifuo omnes reripatehd 
confentiunt, nimirum manriam non ejje A DeofnHam.ltu enim ex 
nihdo ejfet producla.Verm jit a DfO,^uw obcxli moUonemgenc 
r^tiones corruptionescj, rerum junt continuee ,atij, iia motu cccli per 
peluo fit m a^u,no tnmenfubjlantiaeius fit, fedatzrnaep.ut Ari 
Jlotzles fuh finem primi Pliyficorum docuit : ir jua natura ad fhrs 
mam appetitione (^uadam ac impetu trahitur , ut (fuoad eius natura 
fatitur, Dijs a[ftmiletur, t/I igitur Deus,materi<e caufn efficiens oc 
jim. Finis (^uxdem (^unniam ad firmam , tnnif, ad bonum at(jy perfei 
Eliifi^' per (fuaej]en(iam,ac pukhriludwem nancifcitur^fumma pro 
fenftone ducilur.ejficiens uero,(jui<2 perpetuo motu^eam in conUnuAS 
genttanonti^ip' interitui contjcit . Hwc coUtgas materiam , utpote 
<tttrnam,h' non produclam,non t(Je in potenUa, jkd aCiu. Efl ergo 
femperi anumateriJ,at(i, exiJlit.Sed cum fit fcminariu,i:r chaos, 
unde cuncU agentium naturahum opejn lucem prodeunt tfiiqx p09 
tentii omnia, or dme caret, (^UfmparticuUrium caufarum mouentium 

impulju, 



wipuljw.^u^ tarn al hanc firmam fotius fufcifcnim tUm iiris 
gunt , foflcaaqu'triLCatcrum agentia cd.ofc coch motum.ac foufs 
jmum fclis incirculo oHi^wo , a matrm ahfceiunl acccduntq; . ^ua 
jit,ut cum fropr'ms acccdunljjanc fimm gignanUcum ucro longh 
us ahcunt^iUam ir fmr'i imYium contramm gcntrtni . Eai/?ie 
ita^j materia \n aUu ir w porrr.rTj:Vf rum u\ ad diuerfa ccmfara^ 
tur.nam ut nunqigigmtur,nuiiif, cjl in fotentia^ut Ju manria; jcd aa 
Jimper in eiusgremio Jiuerfai fvrmas mifirndi /aculftis rejericyr, 
froptzr fuam indcnrminadoncm ut ait (juartu de General, animoL 
Ari[loteks,non tjl aUu, M<\i hoc ej\y<{uod Graci interfrctes figni 
JicaruM.cum dtxerunt ma(eriam in^y^f^ v7r«f)(.«r. hoccfl aUu 
exijlerr.f fit in^mm,&ejfc fuum aSuak.ut ita loijudr, ^ut i fri 
natura ohtmet.iUi a firma nan commun\ca\wr .cfioniam utfit tngeniy 
m,& fubJlantia.O- fuUcUum firmcc ; neccjje cfl iffam cxijlcrt, 
quod idem c/l.tfc ft dicas.a^u effe. Exi/lil tamen fewfer cum fin 
ma,a qua nunq; neq>Jecundum fuam ejjentiam neqi fecundum ratio 
nemiut materia) jeparatur.nuUa n(mq> ratio perfitia , ucram mate^ 
tier naturmcxplxcat.nxfiunkcua'ciu mtehgAtur. Cteterumcogno 
fare materiam,ut julflantiam, imperfiUa e(\ , confujaf cognitio, 
ut quce (iih nomine amfh(ftmo apfrehendimr. E t quamuis nurq; Jir 
ma Jffolieturyfcmperqi fuh firms (ubfi flat habet tnmen aUudqutf^ 
fiam,quod forma^&fi ipfa materia fit perfiUio & iv TtAt\«at, 
ad quam tanq, ad fuum finem profendet,i\li non krgitur.nam mate^ 
ria per fefirm<efubiicitur,& firma citramaterimnon fuhfijlit, 
multoqi minus quodex utraqi coagmcnmvtr concrrfnt . Sunt 
itnq; fihi mutuo caufa , firma enim per matertam fubjlat, ir mate^ 
ria firmx ope perficitur ac abfiluitur.Eiquodindcconcrefcitama 
tcria^corpus & dimenfwne$\a firma uero aclum atq; perJlHionem 

E 



fiancifcitur.Wn fiz cxpIicflrt$,l;juJ mi,n\ frVor, iiffcile noJos oms 
n(s dijfolucrc.mm cum dicitur ^matzriam o^um ortmem habere a 
Jormaild ucrum quidcm eJl,hoc finfufCf> rrutuetur omyicm ferfcclio 
nm a firma', fed i^uod fem^er aUu fit msttria , id non habet a fhrs 
ma,hc(t fil cum firma nec lUud efjCfCflperftsJio ccrta ir frofria, 
Jed qucndam exiflcndi modum dcnotat in ommhus fub(}antijS (fuas 
mns non ejl commenta.i^ucc'uc non funt in prrnftd ut fmt, quomo^ 
io dicimus Phmm anttq; fat.cjft in potentia ut fiaU hunc a^um 
quidam non imferitc,ut uidemr,anum cntis,ucl frafintiie aff clla$ 
* rut,Omne enim ens t^uod fraefens efl,yion flufrw frateritum aut fos 
turum,hochahet,uti€iUo fieri f off tenunciatio.utdicunt dejecun 
io adiacente It Vmaria. E< liccr hoc ejfe materice jemj^er coniuns 
£atur cum firma.non tamen ah ea acium iiccipit.Porrocum dicehat 
tnus,em ejft infinite imperjeUionis,id im inteUigehmui , f inter 
ea (^uce exipunt nihil fit iUa imperfiUiuSfidc^i ut diximus ex Arb 
Jlotele,oh fuam tco^isixv indeterminationem, (f fcilicet nuHa fir 
ma frofria circumfcribatur,iT ol id ad aliud re firm , c/I^i Tftt 
Tff oof Tf^attame ut efl fiibftanHa,Lrfi imperfiSa^non fignificat b« 
hxulmem.Qudre id (juodlatinos dtu torfn,nefe quod ut firma omt 
ncm imperfi'clionem firtituramaieri&,atq> omnem paUendi ratios 
ncm abeadem mutuetur] tm omnem aUu materia a jorma accipiai; 
txijsqux iamdiximu$inteUigipotefl uerijfimum effe, f materia 
firmce largiatur omnem imper fiElionem;0' contra omnem per fit 
^ionem a firma accipiat materia : fid a^u exi/lere , won efl ahfua 
fcrfiBio peculiaris ac ieterminata , uerum omnibus (jU€ a menit 
nonfiint confina^quceqi prcefentiafiint,conuenH;de quibus enuncia 
re poffumus ea eJfe, ut materiam ejfe . hce auttm enunoatones it 
prceteritiSyaut it Juturi$,<iuce no fiint.eferri nequeunt. Ex^uo ijr 



$hul lilui fot^jl cu olijcitur,^ ci in Deo oft. Max. ft omnh fcrs 
ti fiBio,& matfnrid fit rerumfax ac recrememm.h <ju<i referitur 
if emnis imferfiUtO'.nuUumaSum fojfc de ca affimm .namirfi 
if, matemfih fuam inicttrminationm ut imfafiui monuimui,nuM 
^ aSum.hoc cfl nuUm ferfh^'mem ohtincat.non ef\ tamcn lUi negan 
10 dus aUus fuhjlanu^ ^r<efcnns.(iuanio<fuidem , ft hoc itrrum inji^ 

^ CUii,e(fci omnino cadcm cum priudtionr^uoJ ah Anflofclc Ubro pri 

n wo Phyftcorum cxfloiitur.ftc /i^uis aihuc Met.c^fi dc matzriA 

^ ii52u alieiuem ajffrere l\ceret,quifua natura iJli conueniret : in cpw 

crcto ac compofito duo tfent acius.mattrix fcdicet frim(t,i7-firf 
J ma.Rcf^ondcndum c/l, J Ckw Jmi ducc parfcj in comfofm , du(t 

^ ijuo^i imferfeEl^e fubJlanticL' in eo refcmntur,(fUir unmfuhjlans 

y tia inttgra (ibfoluun(,& concrcm fuhjlanua,a fir ma, J}ecic,(iuod 

y quid erat ejje,ac unirnfr w accif Uih materia uero hakt ^ dimcfws 

jj mb.cwflet,& diuidi po^t:iju<f utraq; corf us finJthUfnciunt.nam 

y > nift firma mdteria infirmarct , & materia firm<t fuhjlerneretur, 
^ nuUs fcnfus de fajtonib.ac afeWwmhusnua in comfofitv pcrcipi 

^ unmr.iudicium firre foffet.Sunt igitur in cofofitv duo: fulJJantix, 

irduo fl5fu5irwper/e^j:^u<r Ufflrfrs.AcuKtur ej[e in fotentia. to 
turn enim ejl tJlud,(iuod uerc dicttur ejje a^uSed utfirrna Ir ma 
teria inter ft cofirutur,firma dicitur a8us ct ii7iAi\«at; et mate 
rta foictiatcocretii uerc,e i aUu. M anria erg o c/l aftu, no in fua na 
' fura^aut aSus e,m i aau.(luafroftrr fl^fi Phthfofhi dixerui^^a 

\ tana i copofito ej]c i fotetia,cl firma i aUu.na ratio ejfendi,e a fir 

ma)& fubfijl^di,a oiattria. At(ji iduoluit Aucr.fecudo Phyftcorn 
da \n<^t .materia frimacfft infefirahlc a firmo.nafi a firma aitje 
fararctur^idquod fm nmra miin aUu.effeti aUufcrfi^o lode 
fire f JC?a infrBi^i debet Arijlonlii jintcUa hbro (jMrnfo Phy ftcoru 



uVi hyi\uoI^^iwr no c, ei (juoi rroucni r c.j^criic ac fi iiaret.ijuoi 
mouttur fjl m aciu comfletD^iffumjciUcet contpj,mm,cuiui eJUns 
tiaex maarta iy firma coacfruaturrtjuoti 0u(fnigencrctur,non eji 
inaSlu fcrfvElofcd(uhicBum (^uci c^wdcm^fl in pnntiaad fevft 
Bioncm,jit fcr gen(tationcm fhh(\antia fn fxUo^Hinch^uct ^c6 
fofm fuhHanna,oi n s profriemns ,ciua; Ari/lo(rIfs lUi mltbr§ 
frxdicnmewTum tr h it,afart\luslibi ucndicat.luct unm haicat, 
ut ej] fuhJliinUa pcryc^rt,«empe dc alto non dhi,ncc alttri mrjje, 
item non habere contrarium, (^uod wmtn k materia mutuatur . nam 
Titm reafere magis isr minus.in/f^uirur banc popif rrff m,noii has 
berc contr at ium. Son cnm ut alij affirm arunt ^mn habere coTitras 
rtum.fl Jirm'is nancifc^mr.(^w.ffe firmte elen^entorurn funt fiihjians 
fix It contrarice fibi inukem Haletisr aUud a mattria fecuhort, 
f cum una eadem fit, contrariorum fiai fufce^trix . Werum ut 
huicnojlra duhmtioni iuflum Jinem iwfonamus, coUigatur ratio 
(pta materia,(iuce ej\ fubjlantia a^u,fuhfijlere,u€l ut Greet loi^uun 
tur^iitotf^ev demonjlremus , Omms cjualm , ir omne <^uoi ais 
ttenir,omni5^f ^affio (jutf c/l in a^ujec^umt aUu fulieBum , ul frit 
mo ie generai.docetur ab AriJ}ottle\alio^i pajfiones ejjentfifara 
hies a fubietlo.Jinuidem ip/* ^fj^t inaclu,i7 fubie^um non hf>he 
tent in iciu.Sedgeneratio ef\ fa(jw materiee frimce , ut Ariflctelct 
iejiniuit ir materia ej\ fubidlum immediatum ingen^ratione.ergo 
if (a erit m a?fu,d!io(jui non fitretgeneratioi {t8u,fi [uheOum ehis 
ejfet fur a ir ahfclum fotentja.Uitcrctio jitis euidem ejl ,Ji Arb 
Jlotelis uerba inlpiciantur frimo de generaticne,uhi incjuit, ^ mates 
riafit (ubieSum frimum gcnerationis. Atf hac ieaHu materim 
juoJ ad te exercendum ffSat, fans in fr^fcntia fmt. 



DE POTENT! A ET M ATERI AE 

Incictrrminadonc. Crfp. V. 

OPori» f pm^a nctirec f7mtpainorr>m mutaticnc fi^fcr ft% 
mu\ manoc ^ umvi ah Cii\o,mj\ n/tn iy raUone ji ju«gt 
^^e^tScmf>cr emm mutfria cum jniuationt ir firma comungmt^ 
nam cum \am Jirmcc alicui (uh\jciturj)ahct fmauonem Jvrmce,<fum 
tfiAtcria porrj] recif>er€ . emus Abfentta^cum af>t]tudme ad tUrn res 
Oftcndawjicitur piuatio.ltuiji fern fcr una fcrmanait ma^hdcQ 
friuatione futurx firma ^u<r Jalictt fottfl fieri ir generan.Cas 
terum hie nbonnir duhimtiOy fi materis fcmfcY hahet firmm , fern 
fcrq> friuanoncm firma uenturce i^'gignendce, cur e\us notio ext 
ptcenir per porpnna,rion dufrm pf r firmamutifxiuaWoneml Vrcet 
nrea,iUa forentia (ju<r aiucmente firma ahfcciit uidetur fjfe acc\9 
dens in m^trria.nam fi ejjeteius ejfcntia , isr ut loi^uimur f ifjim 
fciu5 (jui jjms ; iifcedcnte pofrrtfia, materia <j«o^j; abolerctur,con$ 
tri f fcniiunt Pcrtpatetici,<iu\ atemam earn tjje aJJ'crunL His acce 
du,^ fi fottntia ej] in maftrta per friuationcm.cm priuano fit ac 
cidcns in materia , (^uoniam adefi & flfcf fl ab ea firma uero per fi 
Jit in mattria\uidetur per firmam fotius f per potentianr. natura ma 
teriaejfe decJaranda, Deinde potentiafignificathabitudinem ai 
a^um,ut fiepe docuit Arifionles.hrMtudo autem hahet fiium locum 
in prcLixcamem ad a\inuid,Ql materia eJ] fubfiantia : f|uo paBo igb 
tur per hahitudinem^ fiihjlanna ratio redditur i Hue accedit (p cum 
triafiatuat cuiufiunf mutationis principia,pmationem,martriam, 
isr firmam^cur priuationis loco non pofuerit pottntiam, cum potent 
ta priuattomtm connotet^. Poflremc & hoc in duhium uerU fotefl, 
§nji arma extr'mficus accedit,mmria ad lUam eft iicatur in p w 



(cnHfl?Vf fluff m his (ju«/Iidnilus fatisfidt , nuHus poflhac rcli^ 
quus fit dubiUinii lociAS,<fimor frius^iiua it moLttrxa did fclcnt.ni 
junt ignoranh. ?rimum,matfri(t fuh(lantia cc nAtura,ifr nuUi aUui 
fit aidicla, fci ai omnm fit tnictzrminammc proftrrca trrtio Vhy 
Jic9rum dixit ^hilofofhu5,eandcmej[e radetKm w/inm,ir matet 
ftcTf ficjecundo frim'tcfhilofofhi(f uocettrnttriam ipfinifum (^ueds 
iam.Q^inetiam uolsns h'ic indctrrminationcm innuerc fcftimo ciuf 
Jem frima fhilofofhi(Z,in(iuit,mAreriamnoneJ[eriec (iuid,nec (^udf 
It.ncc qudntum; fed fottntid omnei a^u;. Aff ; tarn oh rtm^ui fuprg 
(juoif'f momimus,em juhfiantia ac natura negatione comfrehendis 
tur.Uxc fine indeterminatio^nunqi ad finem ferducmr nun^ufljj; 
icficxttnec adutmentt fimd defmitiac frofterea ftimo Vhyficori 
dixit Arif}otele5,edm ficunium fotentidmeffe ingenerahlem (s* 
lncorruftililem:hoc(fi fua natura,(ua<:ii indctermintttione nunq> de 
Je^ura,obid fcilicet.f firmer, qudi r^cifit^certo numero noncontif 
nedntttr, jed infinite funt, ad ^udrnmrall (jutfidm frofcnfione It 
appetitione fertur^cfuascficertD tempore hof^itiouelutexci fit /ipfis 
tilis fubf\rata,non tdmen citra or dtnem,nam omnium prima accedut 
tlementorum fDrmce,<fux femper in materid iw/iwf yfalttm fccundu 
^idm tvtalitatem,ut ita dicdm , o Aotm'W . (judmuij enim ha fthi 
inuicem opponantur fmttji fecundum partes generahiles ac corrupti 
hiles\attmen fecundum (uam tDtalimtem , nun^. deficiunt. deir^d<, 
fer has firmas.uhi fhi inuicem per mifrentur, materia abas recipit. 
lUudc^uoqi non oportetignorare,^ priuatio^tjua ita appeUatur, rixs 
bil dliud fittriifx firmtt ahjentia , cum potentia determinata adtam 
fufcipiendam at(ji hac priuatio,ut refjficit fuheBum,dicttur imper^ 
Jeclio\(fuomam ef\ carentia perjhSitonis.Ejl autem hoc, priuari fin 
ma,an\biguumSi(juidem,poJ]ur^uf}nteU{^<^^^ malifri(^mjuh ^ndet 



iermmfione tUa frmri firm itttrmmta.acctrtatf^m fr'mtiim 
ntm cfAxhm foUui founlim rcmo^am appetiant, quit ah €terno t{f 
in matcria.Lr fui fjfentia . att^i ob id inlerdum dicunt Philojophi, 
em cjfe m (lAJldntia materix, DeindcMcct dtcere ntattmm frmn 
ri firma <\um iam InUt, ^ fcilicct earn amflius rectpcre wf^i/wt: 
HUoniam non dam rc^rcj[us,licct id fcnfirit Pythagoras , aUji /jot 
'eft ({uoi iiy'tt phildfophui in frttMcwincntis.fifHiMhmadM^ 
turn ndn r/I rcgreffus.e tnmcn lo(iuutH> iJlaimpropm,& w*if«^ 
Urrifit Dicitur poflremo priUatio.carcntii fimi Cum froXiJkahas 
^itudincadeam rec\pkndam,<^U(t concomimtur fitmam contrartum 
^ua mQtcria pcr/icimr ^tqi caufa.ut attcracmtraria priumr . De 
lac pmatione.multaVhdofifhus pronunciauit;ncmfe,noneffccni 
ftr f€:accidcre materiaiiejfc tcrminum a quo incipitgcneratiO', 6? 
ai (jucm iermmtwcorruftio:eJ[t frincipium ptraccidmicius cau 
fa matcmm eJfcgcnnMm & corruptihtkm. nam materia , cuv\ 
ftopter ffiua^onmfn impcrJhU(l,appctitfirmm,^t{li hxc omm 
ttquifne & accuraCt funt explicanda . N on e/? ergo priuatio ens 
per jc,nam ratio priuatiohhejl ahfcntia deiermmtct firm<t\qux ac 
titit maUrix propter aduemmfirmir contrariaMq; ca firma per 
Jicit mattrim.cu diJj>ofttione fuam oppoftta. f u« aliquoi caUs 
Ju,(ul res cxeph declotctit^jtjl fOt^tta fiigidu.no quodc potentii 
d«Icr,potmifcrc/;-i^i^iu:jei quodejl aBucaMuycfi pc^h a fitgi 
iu.Uxc tamen potentiauaria it multiplex ef?, non [ecus f a^us^ 
Pehdc ficulttaeinteUfyiit Philofiphvistertio Pljy/Jcaram,cu 
f eadm ejfet potentia fnmmtis & <egrituiinUMc tjj'^t /SwiWJ ir 
<rgrifu Ja.Priufltio i^irnr de q\xa in prx[cn\^a fit ferm , fignificat 
glfentia cuproximadiffofinoneai firma co^^^^ 
fi no ens'Jcmde.difjfofitioni et foiemi tti dcicrmmii firma Jet 



4if ,fui pnuitio cocomimiur firmcL coWam^ iuirco iicitur decline 
^kmsriit ,It icnuo aicjfe Ir Aejfeiefl tamen cuHAct mumtiom 
neccffiarid.ccu nrmmus a <^uo uci ai ^utQjkOnUm in omm mutatia 
nc ofusxji carenOii jirmx, dliOt|ui ad tU im non cjjci mutatio , mhil 
cmmmutnmrai ti(^\Aoiohnnet.NecefiAmeJletiamJi)rma oppoji 
fa,udali:fuid ^uoi ofpofitum includAt.ficiui'icm emnii mutatio cjl, 
Mr! ex ofpf]ta ti opp )/ica«ii;ucI cx mcha^c^ucc opfofitarum ejlfor 
licepi cy ifs concrcm : opus (juofi efi dif^ofiuonc media ad Jir 
mam.Dcnuji,nixeJJan9rcijiitrnur dilj^ofitiolsr fotcnaaimmedim 
It dif^ofm ai firmam-.^uomam Jormx naturala dcttrmintnt fihi 
mattms froprm in <^uihus fiant O" fv4,0' fcrmutntioncm fuhits 
Uioriantur.Woc mcft fknfu priuitia mattrice accidu, didturq, im ne 
eeffaria,auji opts c(]c utw omm mumnone frxjlo ftHac <j«o^j ra 
tionc affcuerarc Ucct, friuationem ejfe ttrminum per je ir frimo: 
j€dgencr4»toius irgcniti ftincifmm taufm per accidjcns.ma^ 
gis tamcngmn,qi (rfneratiom : ijuanwm mattria per mutntioncm 
Jit pars compofiti .c^uod gignitur : friuatio ucrh , non cjl elemcntum 
ncc pdrs comfofm,ut matrm; fed in generatione, (^uandiu if (a non 
ghfoluitur.fcmpcr wtelligitur alifia adejje imp€\Jiclio,atqi itn alts 
(fua priuatio.Poflrcmo Vhdofophus primo Phyftcorum iw^uif:<^fl«i 
f%Toa <^t HflU •yivtTjou.ici /uif ©<; o v.#? /u%f yx^ Ts'ir 

Ctpjforiflf. J^i xaciK /ill flCjuiT , ov it«6' «VD ^ « AA* « (^Poc^-rtr, 
Hoa ar«>KiocvTii «Fflt/. ^uflJe/J , pdrfim ueroinfrri(, 

p^rtim non.ndrn ^udrenuie/! idini^uo .pcundum fe interit ; c^uoi 
tnim interit,in hoc cfl friuatio- (fuatenus auttm foteflate e/i,non per. 
^: /e(i nece//c e/? iicorrMpflfcilf m ej[e , net orir j H<tc fhilofcfhus^ 
Ex(iuibus fatzlt(luo modo maltria alic^ua ratione incifcre^c defmc 

reJi 



re iicitur.futa rationc fimitioms,<lU(t tfl in fukt^o ipfiusif> mMf 
rifi,^u<r eadcm c[? cum prm{itione,(iuamuis rationc ir wotiowc 
fi:rant,nam utSmflicmannotT>t,m(Heri(e ptius f, Jvrmo' Phtlofi 
fhus corruftionm tribuit]^ firma fit in mattrii\uciut\ in [uhkUo. 
\i tamtn mifci mxnme arridet nuandocjuuieni p iuatio irgencrath 
magis debet tribui f ntt,<j; non enrt.Siijuiciew non cm imfrofric diet 
tiir intcrirc ijrgigm.Ac cum docet fcr frmtiorc^n res corrumfi, 
lltgit'Jormim abolcrinam fhma contraria in caufo ef},ut mates 
rid ffmctur alia firma, ^ i codem fubic8o fmul cjfc nc^iucant. ?cr 
ffriuationem igimr,intcUigi debet d f^ofm froxima, (tjutfm foten^ 
nam propin^a<Jw fdffim uocamus,)ijr firma offofm.cjuce inr [? if ji 
materice , (^uaf friuatur, dum altera firma gigniturMioiiui Philo^ 
fcfhtis farum provrii fnijfet locutus . Itnqi frofter iffum non cjje 
'ifuod ine(l materice, cm corrumfi,i7' ^tto<juo modo aboleri dicimus: 
quod tamen fotius nuncupatyr friuatio , quoniam mutationes fiunt, 
frofterca f materia non haheat firmam,ad quam mutetur , nam ft 
})aberet,non mutaretur . Uinc iam fatere quoq-, arhitror,cur dicant 
fhdofophi materia per ftiuaUonem afpetere firmam . nam ol fnam 
imperfiUionem appetit perfenionemKjuomam ob fuam indetermina 
tionem ut diximus , nuUam peculiarem obtinet fdrmam , habetq, ^ 
determinatam ac propriam,putn leoms uel capree,irr>petum etq-, appe 
tionem a priuatione:& ut defxnit priuatio, its defiiit & huius firs 
ma appetim Efl nihilominas materia fva natura , quam per effe in 
jotenii% ^rlJ}oteles exprimit,{c]uod mhil aliud ej},^. materice ind^s 
terminatio,quie nunq; incipit aut defmit.^cetcrna . Qu^dfi inflahis, 
in materia (fuampiam cjfeformam ferfeclijfimam, putu hominis , in 
qua omnei formce continem ,nei\y utimy organo.Refpondeo, forma 
-efiefnimTi^tum a materii,tum ah agente.a materia (jui^it r7j,^MonM 

F 



certa ttmfore earn hojjumtur^ixh a^entt ucro, (fuoni tm in ui fcmhii 
non efl ponntia produccndi mji»itain fhrman, in fn jctlioncifii^r m 
men d^u j intrinjccus corrufto Jifjmt, &tq, ta c\\ fetus , qu^m 
comflexionem quo(i»dicunt, cuius ofe Jhrma i materia reafimr. diqi 
i^tctem^wescontrarium haheL It qumuii non um^f corporis 
porncu/j loco or^anr,e(l tamen in (uhie^o (fuicijuid oferawrfer 
oiiecium corforeum Oferatur , quanioijuide'n nefjit o^erari citra 
imaginaaonem,ut in Ubro de mentt humina docuimus . Hi5 fic eys 
flkatts,<fua: Ariflotehs mentcm apertc frofonunt, facde erit duhis 
tationihus ref^ondercisr jfrimum^cumreuocantrindubiamyCiuarc 
fer fotentiam materice ejjenna dcclare(ur:dicin»uSt*f cum a tvitura$ 
U eim ratio ^rpendiur , ea confiderantr per fuam i*nferfi^icmem 
is* indet^rminattonem <fiam haket.at^ji t ius ratio <tc (fuiditas fig^ifi 
cat habitudinem ad jhrmam^iT' hoc modo refertur ad earn , mn/ji ai 
Juam ferfeclionem dr bonum. anp h<ec bahitudo frojxcifcxm cx 
frbjlantid materia, It terminatur ad fermam , tanq, ad concaufam, 
fincm^cuius gratia a namra cj] ffroducla.y erlim frior ejl habi 
tudo ad formamjjii ad f{nem,f ut ad concaufam, neqi efl abfurdum, 
ut fuhabitudoimperfc^iadf€rfc^um,eomodo quo ejfe fotep'^ut 
htdicemu5,ubide cauja finali di(^umhinius.()^arc in hac dcjcriffs 
hone mater i(e,firma If [am ingrcdttur,ut terminus, cuius gratia a 
natura efl injlituta.Hec dici'nui hone reUtionem ac habitudmem ef 
fi a menfe effi^am, fcdi natura materia onri . mm cfuamuis mens 
faciat.ui ifja ftnt a3u rclattuaiutraq, tamen ejl imperfctla fuojlan 
Ua^ir altera.futa materia, fantur per ejjentiam/elufua utro,r,ems 
fe firmaeam feyficit.aif ita uerum fit quod dixii finpotxles , ^ 
fotentiacongnofaturptraiiivn ir actus per (e , Porrocum ohus 
ubatur,qu)dfoientia defir^t i dmendum e({ , materia dupiicem 



tffffdtrntim,alwam (pi<r ftgmjxat mferfttimm , 6r ah Arh 
Jlotzlc fcr negationm delcnhitur, (futrq, ptrenms ej} , nufkfusm^; 
defe^ura : alfrram, <jtt<r fx friuatione (letrrtr,ina(ec fvnr^t eritur, 

hctc<fufm(idmodu^ It fr\uat\o,matfrix accidn, deftmt^:ji defis 
nente fr mail die: jfdpfrhanc h(iud<^ua^i nc4ur am wflfrrir frim^c 
dfjmhmus,urrumirr.n'cduia ir ftculxms materict rctiomm ej^c 
jtrimu$,(^u€C ad unam w^vum Jvrmam dcjlinatur. aUy, l?cc foifnug 

waKria,defidfm firma , dffxdt , ul ahaffrfius dcmcnflrauif 
mus Ex his fdui forrjl ir alius nodus , cfuar^ defimnte Jinrma,dcf 
final mattria.qux crat fars comfofiti.unaq, ptuaho ac Jxnrma opj 
fofa drficiat. Scd ut rem ^lamus mrrHu/ai, cfft^frtcium tjl noc 
mjse,^ ppr firmam,(fu<r noua aduenit m6rzri(r,deftnat friuitio, iU 
Idrf; ptfff nfitf,<jM(r per friuationcm habchaiur . Chm ucrh ea fortnM 
^w<r WW adcfl manria,ahoktur:matma (^u<Hf^ (om^Jiti fors 
tio efat,intrrit,dtfimtqi ejfe concaufh cum ta fotmtt\trum adim 
wirnfc fliw, j\i (mf^fiti ptfr5,6r ref^t^U forma , cfi concauja, 
Nflw quanf materia femftr ejl concaufi,cum firma,fflrscif comjv 
fiti non mn.cn unius ac i iufdtm comfoft tj\ fm,frmhtzr necmf 
demfirmitrflconcaufi.atq. hitcej} Alexandri f(r(er.tiaUhro p-i 
mo dc Amma. Hinc aliud quoff ptffrf , {quod flttr fji cpawnym 
fcrobfcurum ac difficde hahecur , ) quare nhUum atrmum , ut rfl 
itternufi, firs ft corruftihlis . quoniam materia pima , qvte <eter 
n<if/?,u< eft pars elementi, futa '\gn\s,defmerte ftma , defrM effe 
fors comfopti • non tamen fmfluitrr, jed hums Cf wpo|;li,/ rf f wjm 
j^ft AnjloteUs primo de gerercMone , cum inqutt . materia 
fdtquo modoefl cadcm , flt^uo non . ft fquidem perfrt 
mem in aSJu , ir fars (orrpcfti , hocq^ i fnna muttcwr ^ 
a]Aoqui fu4 Mtura (H fotenna fors : ir dffna.te frma^ 



fuanmr^iejl fotcritia pflrj: ir icfmentcform , (^uiajuid ahiHa 
vnuiml accf fit, if per it, Cum ucro dicehatur, ferfjrmamfotius dcs 
cUrandU c(Je naturm moterict , per fctcnttam aut friuAtioncm, 
R (jj^fondcmus, id uerum efjc , (^uatcnus forma ejl terminui a ^uo 
^mnis-matcrKZ afpctitio de fendet,cums{f y gratia a natura ordiuatkr, 
fiid hacM^d.ciuodrnateru^ciucr ejl fuhflantia^cjjetin fradicmen 
to ad al^uii^reCj^ondetur y Iff licet haUmdOfmaterice npn conueniat 
ui ejl Juhflantia ,fcd ut alteri confirm : tnmen tria illi congrumt, 
nemfe efie aUu fiibjlantiam.ut primum cognofcitur : ejfe hahitudis 
nem.ob fum mdetermmatmem,(^uam habet adformam: ir demu 
frmatiOfCertx formce cfiamhet adformai\atc^^io}jhanc;mater\x ef 
fentia haudciuaqi intent , neq, hibitudo ad format : licet potentia ac 
friuatio certx formce deficiat,ut diximus. Ncec \nde je(iuitur,ergo 
tfel re\at\Mfi\iud enim efl,ejje alicums^ir ejje ad alu\uid, materia 
tft dltcuiu5,i]ttia ejl in comparatione adformam . non amen dici de^ 
het ad aU(iuid,nifi dcnominatiuifUt multi aJferitM^li hoc paclo An 
Jleteles dixit fecundo Vhyficorum, materiam ejfead alic^uid : ^ui4 
efldeterminaUadformamttanqiadfuam perficlionem. Semper 
enim,ut ait idem Vh\lo[ophus[oLlauOieiufdem,imperf:^um dejlinas 
iur ac ieierminam a\ perfsSum.Cwn uero ciueerebaturt quare in 
ter principia,potentia loco priuationis non enumeretur: dicendum pu 
to.ip priuatiofigmfictt ahum terminandi f isr principi) mutationii 
modum,nempe forma contrarium;at potentia , minimi : nec jemper 
iefonit aUum potentia,uerum cohccret cum aBu primo : at priuatio 
turn a^um,cui opponitur,ahijcit.ktmmen potentia, de qua ejl prxs 
fins fermo^aUum reijcit^aduerfatu/ii, eijatione priuationis ^quam in 
fi compleUitur.lt^qi ol id potentia non recefctur inter prmcipia,fei 
piuatio'.qm priuatio alium p rincipij modum^a materia formaqi di$ 



ucrfuni,notat]<fim hauJi^uaqi podntia txphcatVcrum,<fuo omnh 
awhtguims c^uoc dt fr'tuiinonc ortum hahet^e medio tvUatur: uidendu 
efl,(funrccum yhdofcfhus ficundo fhyficorum docmjjet ,naturm 
ic materia acgencrationc dtci,atqi trrtio de firma , qiia tMgis nuoqi 
natuyam,qi mattr'tm ejje ajjerit; (ulijciat fojlea, uhi Jorma ftgnifi 
cation'is exfhcationem aggrcditur.Jirma autcm It wmroi duplich 
t^rdicitur, ]f(a natiqi f>rmatio firma quodammodoefl, Haccnim 
uerba anfam duhitandt fnebentfqumohrem friuationem ejfe firma 

^atqi naturam <^uodammodo dicalnam fi hocim fe habet,flura uide^ 
tur comitnriahjurda'yac frimum , fr'iuatio minimi ejfe t non ns yUi 
lufcrius aj]'cruimus.dcmdc,(jj'tt magis ens,qi wflferw.Si^Mi^ic quod 

firm^^quadafUtnus cj} forticefSjmaiorem nature i^ntis.ac fartis ra 
tionem ohtin€t,(fmndc ac firma, ) q, mattrta . Sunt qui eum locum 

, intirfretari conannr, hocfaUo ; ^ nomine friuationis Vhilofcfhus 
tria fo(ftt inteJhgcreMemfe firmcc ahfintiam , quce cum fit quidam 
uclutihahim,fcrfctuus manrix comes, [ulieUo cadem tjl cum mi 
teria.Q^iare cm ca inhxrci infixa wafrritc, uidctur ahc[uofc[lo 
habitus ijfe dictndus,Quia igitur friuatio materiam femfer cofnim^ 

. mr,natura quodam modoapfelidturx^cmm iffa,caufa ortus inttrl 
tusq> naturalis'.quia per earn tnnqi per term'mu.materia habet dppcrt 
ttonemad firmam . Cxterum hac itifrrprewho non confentit cum 
utrbis fiirijlonhs,qu(e fubfequuntur.uh habet, ft uero fit friuatio, 
ir contrarium aliquod circa generationem fmflicem, fojlerius con 

Jiderandum efi.Sam per ea nonuidetur firma abfentiam , fed con 
trarium imferficlum ac immmutum infeDi^ere;(ie (\uo nono.Lr duo 
iedmo frimce fhilofifbice loqu'itur.iT' de quo fe \\bro de gtneratio 
ne diclurum promiUit . A J/ertur ir tertia inftrprctarto , quafi per 
friuationem, rem qm ft fignifcet.ueYum hac mibi jewpcr haUe^ 



gtnerdtione jji jiih friuationc comftrhcniitur.ac proff^ re^.dixit^c 
neraPonem did naturam. Dtco tgttur.f dcjt^us.fum c<f cites , Aut 
mutilatio^idctur diccnddnaturaj^uijc notr.wc hibitks fyfnmitur: 
quia afficti fubkSum.atq, im T hctmjlms (luoqi author luculcntiffi^ 
mus, locum hunc cxfiicaumus fcnrentiamjcm^cr maximnj^cre fT9 
haui. Per friuattonem itaq; Arijlotrlcs co loco dijj^i fitione5,<juibus 
JubtfSum imfcrjz^um mancumq, rtddmtr,m:Tlli^u, \ nde, frim§ 
de gcnvrtUone cr(um cuiufdam rlcmnU minus fcr ji:^i,futa fprrc, 
ut cum aerc confcrtur,Aui deris refj e^u ignis\eum j otius corruf tiQ 
nm,utlgenerationcm imminutsw, c^, gtrttraUomm cfpj 0<^f . Xtit^i 
iuh'ittitio dAumr f jriuatio ihi now f'gyi^c^ cnrcnuam aut abfin 
tiam furm\pd Iffofitiontm mffrjL^am, ^ucm itjiUum ntvH 
nmusMf im incommoda lUa fncile fjl fjfug(ye,fi ir.trUigwM pi 
uatio*iem,ut notat ahfintiam ir ctrenUGm/JJc ftrfc rton ens , tiec 
did ijuodammoi'iojirmanr.ntm $uttm,ut ftgnificat defiUum . V(s 
n'ui,,adid(iuodfojk(mokco(fvxnhtiirfin jiammdejfet cctrtna^ 
matem ejjtt in fotetitta aditamifff^ondendum futv,ipfe(jueti fvm 
cifia Arifloiebs,atqi ta <[ux docmtjccundo Phyftcorum:^ mctnia, 
ol ii didtur ejjc in fotentia naturali.f frefenjiomm fiia natura hd 
heat ad firmam,ad cftm froducendam i:rft n$n ftt frindfiu a^io 
tis^ab agente tamen neturaH in ea dijjerrinantur Jf-argumrqi {ptet 
dam qu(e uim adiuwtntentohtinent.atcfi oh id dixit ArjflotekSffi in 
lignis ejfet nauifutliua, effet fotentia naturalis, y/erum h^c uel ef 
Jet pctentia neutra uel uioltta tarn in hj^is^q, m his jme fiunt ab cr 
le,ut dicemus injra.lta in cere, qui efl matrriafroxima igrts,e{l ali 
{juid(^uod eius gcneratione iuuat,futn (ymhcU qualitns^iT rarita$, 
ut fojiea flams fatehitSic It in anua.Dicendi xgxtur efl f mate 



ria ejjit i potrntia neutra.fi anima ejfet immortahsmcji iOm appe 
t€ret,mfi ligrmin fuo educ€rctttr,ut U.iuctcx amjidahhus : atqi 
i« cSpo(i(nm non ejjet niturale unum ,fcd unii am Jt8um ; tjiwrc 
inijuirenju cjfrct,(juidfni unirct firms cum materia Ex ijuo ^attt>f 
cummaKriiad fvrmapropcmUt^nonfit mt^uirenda (aufi unffrAs 
fitmct matcrx<z'Mcrikm cum mattru,cx qua non d^prcmitur fir 
vta/^hcui firm<r fub(}crmtur/turc i^uaritur qua fitttnimtis naturd 
lis ratJo,Et ft ^nfi, de aia cxemphficauit de cers ir fyurn (quo 
ru ncutru , unu c/I i porrnttJ ad dlmd)ucr'um efl unioifid artificial 
lis'jdia inqi fi^rma quce non cxtraducmr.rio pot dki f uniatur trates 
ri<t naiuraU[a',quia no per caufas naturaics.Quodfiammaduertift 
JerUplurimithaudjuaqimulta,qua philofcphis Peripateticis funtin 
iigna effutiuijJcnU ^t(^i hac dc mat^ricc fottntia ffiHs fuferqi dis 
Ua fit^ciant, 

AN IN MATERIA FORMA QV AE^ 
fiam exijlatyante qi firma producamr. Cap, V I. 

MVlfis ex latinorugrcge ita placuit,quih.fiirtji.ahttr q^grte 
CIS innrpratadm ec u'ldmr^cu primo dcgfjtione inqat^ff 
Hone fieri ex no ente^ir ex f n/e:nit materia prima cviemx a'du.ei 
ens \ potetiaSiqde iBi hoc m €xpon(it,cp no fit ens \ aUu exi fittite^ 
hibeat in frrmas coaternns i eeeehte ut Uquutur, quaft ece firma i 
Jfcck materia primce coceua no ifirmct en neqi denomtnit'Jcd ab 
aternoiUiinftntieeeffenUceiueruaghnaturakide C4S extrahatf 
<r deducat ad ec exi(letiie,tt « J aUu.atf itn denominent materia, 
tamq\ infirmet Etqueadmodu fiqs Upide hoints figura firmartt.no 
in ]mus ue\ itius.fenfus qde ea Wis cffe iuJiCflrct,Iicf ( nuBi [rn\\U 
itJlaQimus,ea diflin^m exculpes, fmile alicui effciet ; no <f fua 
opera ho'isfijwr^ laptdi indaat/ja antea mm intrat,)fei ahcu'i noto 
Jiffvii reiJdCla in^^it ages nat^rde no (Ut ceiona Vox , ijf fc <{\ix ia 



dVterem fr<tmiv!imdttris\mm torn mtanio, fnc'it u( illd efi 
Jentia aElu cxtflat.ktf i« ajjcrunt firmas t^uoaiffftntus xt^nat 
Kjfcin mattria.atqiincarc oftniom /Knaxngorct aihxrent.ciui om^ 
mum rcrum femmrium (^uodiam frvfonchat,ac in omnibus omnia 
eJJcaicbat:Ucctinttrfid^entiant,fp ^naxcigora$omnesres miDj 
rmfceUaexipcrc ajfcucrctretihi ucrolatini Jirmas in matrria m cons 
fifiijrmejfe cj]enti(e cffe dicanUAt^i hue rations euitant crutio 
nem,eiuoniam ft nihil firmer nntc in materia txijlcret , frima fsrma 
creareturicihic fiifucrctur , f nulla ^encratio cjjet naturalis , rite 
materia firmam a^fctitu ^uodam naturaU cxfcttret . Verm Ijxc, 
nuDo faSo prohmus,nec PcrifattHcorum ofinioni confcntirtcxifli 
mamus.Sed ut nomina ejfentics ir exipcntiis innottfcant.quohiam 
relifia cumulate inttUtges] fcirc licet tcffentim nonejfe aham ab 
exijlentia,ut latini Ofinanturifcd res ([uce exijlut , ui definiutur uel 
iemonJlrantutydiCuntUr ah inteUeSlu ejje faBx res effenticCff rnts 
earumrationes,reddat.EJfentice itaf It exijleniice a rahone funt 
effieElceinon ut iUi Im^jjinflntwr,^ i^uia firmce excifiuntur amterid, 
indeortum haheateJfeAf^m ergo ejfcyejl effeUus firmce ut parft* 
cipatur a materiajftociui nift ita dixeriSy\n comflura incides incomo 
dd.mm primum ejjet aUus (luif^iam, quern ArifJotelcs nun^i cogno 
uiUpum eJfe,<[uod medium ejfetmter firmam.ir a^um fecundumi 
quiej} operatio.Duplicem quidem Philofcphusfccundo de Anim4 
ficit a^um,frimum,(^ui ejl jhrma ; It (ccundum , <fi\ e(\ opertitiot 
mnf, tamen ponit aUum hum medium,(iui ef\ ejj'tBus firmee , h* 
frincifium operis.idem enim ejl firmam eJJe in mat^ria^isr compo i 
fitum ejje.nam per eJfe,inttUigitur compofitum.atciihcecefl Arijlo 
telis (ententia.Cwnaut dicit,almd ejl carnis effeir caro;per carni 
inttlligitfingularem^t'T per carnh eJfe,rationem carnisMf ita mi 

' (eria 



t 



Drrid di/Itfi^uihir a firmd fccuniu ejfe/iiell Jicimium rdHonenCi 
Uabcmus tgittir,(pcjf:nUaefl'ratio,{:r ejJe iffumfmgularCtiiuoi 
exijlit.txijlenaa cnim c|} , frcut comfonitur;eJJcnnd ucro, ut icji 
niJwr.ijutfrf in compo/ins ejl materia Lr jitmA,jti aUui cj} comf9 

fmm k firma\iT fie (Lffcri^JJe fJfenti^,AbelJc exiflentitc.At 'm 
ijs cx manrta non coalucrunt,ut (unt dium€ menns, iJcm efl 
rts ut dcfimtur.ir utextf}H:nccaliarationcdcJimtur,qicJ].Dem0 
iCfCffct aliud ahfurdum,(^u\a ii medium ft non cjl comfofimm^ . 
nec m$ttrii3,eut Jirma'/Jfct medium inter fubjlanttam ir accidcns; 
atqi ico gencratio no tcrminaretur id fuh^lantiam. Diccndum igifur 
ejjc dicAtur dc comfofitOfir rc cxiftcnti , Qujre tjjcraii ah 
exiflcnna ncn Jirimxtur re.jidrationeiij' prout comfofimm exiflU 
gcncrationem ttrmmat.(^icd ft dcfcendimus ad materiam frimam, 
in ^ua funt firm€ ficundum cj[cntiam,ut latini aiuni.hoc ccrti inco 
modum emtorc ne(iuimus,(^uia res ut dtjiniri fojfunt, ante cjfent in 

^mattria:atq>id dejlruituniufrfam Ari/?ofr/is fhdofcfhi(i<iuomm 
tnteUtUus facit res dcjimhles cluando funt, umuetfale cmm,<iuod ef 

fcit inteUe^us,aut nihil tfl^aut foflcrius;ofornt tgitur rem ante ef 

fe,^i haheat effentiam, Accedit.f hxc fintentia ft (luauis ahfirdm 
te abfurdior:(fu\i ejfent Jirmce m materia,ciu€ non injDrmarent,nec 
denominarenl]ex ^uo je<jueretuf,eas non fire Jvrmas, ^udio^juiJew 

Jirm^ ffrofrium ejl injormare. Quia nec mens cocifcre fetej} ,fir 
ma^ejfe m materia, nec ejfefcrma^^ir tamen dif mgui a materia, 
nam f non effent m mattria,necejfaria ejjent frm€\(juare ncccjfa • 
fio ejfent firm^;nHare necejfarih (^uoiji infirmarent, nam ratio fit 
wte.efl infrmare. Quodftoccurres jComfetfre quidem fiimtc ut 
injctmetfin ejfc exi(}en(ia'non autem in e^e fjfentia.m ohu,cicnMS, 

fitma mejjeejfentia babetrationem Jor met, fed in rati one Jet mse 

G 



e(1 ftrjicere aliijuid.i^imr i« ejfji ejfentia il ri conumt . Ai h€C, 
jiibjhnnar ectf ertt ma^isip- minui^nuod ahfurdtffin.um rj/i pu/ 
muU Philofofhus,?ojlrem\ui mattria , [(cundum omne fuum cffe^ " 
ejlrcceptrix firma.mijr firma ,fecundum omnejuum fjf'^t^jl 
§qIu$ mattri(c.ncc fccundum itum ejfe,lket imaj^inari mattriam n$ 
tjfc mttriam^ncc firmam, jecundum ilium effe^non tj?t firmm. 
Hmc Ju^uH firmam (^uam uocant corfore'mtis commenticiam efit, 
nvXim tmm rationcm fzrmtt fcatr i.cum^; Jzrma dementi fit fnm^ 
imferJiUiJftma.eJJ^ct aU(fuafrior isr imfcrficli^^ nullum trii 
huens a^lum manri^t;<fuod refugnat raUoni firma M alias kmc fit 
fms Jiiit dif^utatum,Oujrc fatiusejl ikcrc,mattmm ijr fcrmam, 
€jsc fartts comfcfitiinon tamen matzria recifit comfofitum , fd 
Jirmam.fer c^uam comfof\tum ejl. Neqi hoc im flatucre ncccjjc efl, 
ut icuitctur crcfltto firmcc^c^uxa firma won fi^ fed comfofitum,i^ 
in mattria accif't fuum efc. EC licet fergencrauoncm fiat- ut caufd 
turn Oft fiat comfofitum:tomtn,ut furus eJf tSus comfofitum fit, ' 
non tnim per fegtneratur fisrma.fti comfofitum:ijr fixrma dicitur^ 
gtntrari,ut comfofmm ^at]utrum comfojitum generatur, ut tffe 
^^us tantummodo.Et(iuamuisgtntratio dicatur ttrmmari ad firmi, 
hoc idto accidHfi^uoniam in lUa ctfjat morns tanqi in fartt, ftr (juam 
comfofitum conjlituitur fi\(^uia dum trigitur firma, ft comfoft 
tum.tducitur tnim firma,ut fan ijr caufa comfoftt^tttq, ita trrmis 
nui f (f^cncrfl(i5nis:non tamen,ut e^enus. Si tnim terminus tfftt^ 
ui e^e^uyfieret tx alia firma , i4( Ari/Iofrlrs duodecimo frimce, 
fhilofofhix tefiatur. Non igimr creatur firma (^uia non fit per jt; 
ftd crcarttur comfofitum]mft frior txifiertt mattria.Ntc frodtf} 
iictTt,ef\ ttrminus gtntratioms^ir caufi.trgo per ft gignitur 
fioniamadgentrationtmftrftreiiuiritwrt^e^iusftrfi dtifi hoc 



miffi.prtf frr^i comfofitn cowpf tif.l^f c ohflai (juoi uulgl ctrcumfir 
tur^non imgenerationem naturalcm^c^uonim matrria frima <|M<e 
froximh ac immedtatc fubijc'ttur ekmenas , (^uamuis Juanatura ant 
Cffs fit.ir ai frmationem,^' ad firmam,mmtn a^uia diffomtur i 
formis etem^nturum Jymlolis , hoc c/l in alii^ua (fuahtot^ conucnit, 
(lit pum acr dicitur materia froxirra ac medio cares igris,l^ ac^ud 
ti€>'is,)magi$ frofendet ad Ivmcqi ad lUamformam.matena.n.frimi, 
JiJj)ofita magis aiformam aeris ^> ignis , ac<purit cdm formaffu 
dtif) im de alijs. E ( licet elemenm ex je inuicem g^gn'dtur , uelut po# 
j\eadec\arahmus,tamen\mmed'€tiusdemfntum dtf^onituradfor ' 
mam huiusq,illius.Q€teriLm in mixtis materia prima non adiuuat 
g erterationem^uerum Hi ggentis naturaUs ita dijj:mtur,ut iuuet.ir 
• una agat.futa jcmtn m homwis generatione dicitur ratio Jl mimlist 
quoniam cum feminea fatreemittitur kirrus ^i«rpMrn,ijW(r halctr^t 
tionem it^rumenU,nu€ fcmivahs ratio nuncufa(ur,ej}<ii in femine 
fotentia aniffial At(fi eauirtus frimm ex parte aerea ac l^umofi 
gignU(piri(us,ijS(fipr€du^lis eriuntur membra frmcif alia , nempt 
cor.deinde cerebrum, at(fi ita alia. ej\ cniw cor uriud fom isr area 
Jjiirituum.^ecimpedit fappftitus maters a priuatiene prafici^ 
fcaturnam (juamuis materia Jit in potentia ad priuAtiomm , ijr ci 
formamoppofjti attamen naturafuafcriur adfrrmcm , cjuia cn.ne 
imperft^um ejl gratia perjhclioris, non je cus q> corpus' qvcd isr ft 
ft in pcttr.tia ad fcnitatem ac cegritudmem*ta men nati^ralt tnflmtiu 
Jirtur ad fanitutem ,tttnqi ad dijj^o f tionem fihi ccnnctom , mf quii 
impcdierit, fic elen.tnta htet nuUam figuram f h (Jafcor.tniJlo ta 
men oh(lante,ad orbicularem prcpendeni tor^, ad perfcUwrem. Eo 
dem qtiOij, paHo natura irjlituit materiam,iit efet gratia peifiHio^ 
ri5,Et dc potentia materi€ fitts. 

G ij 



AN MATERIA PRIMA. SIT OM^ 

nium gcnerahlium tr corruftihilium una. 
Cofut. V I I. 

AP tjlotfles fr'mo Vhyfcorum,uhi cendufit omne (^uod fit, 
ex fuhicSlo olicfuo fieri, ^Wif. /)oc fiihieBum efie unum nu 
nicro',ratiofK uerbjuo.nam ir hcal^md magisquodfittCxiffi 
fittirnon jicunium accidens Quibus uerhs cenfet matrriam cjfe 
unm numero, f fit inter entia numerahilis ; e//f ^. magis hoc ahqi 
<l> p^iuationem.Qum frimo de ^cneratione ^n(^uit,materiam ejjr 
'di^uo ntodo eandem^O" clIkjuo modo no. Vnde difjialts,diuci> ag'tta 
^«ir/?io ohofim,an materia prima fit una numero.hahet enim ra 
tionem fitts ualidam,(juiafiilflantia cum fit fiSiecium contrariorii, 
ichet e[fe una,dgensf fajfum in materia conuenire.Verum illi 
hreuih.latisfaciemus,(p cum trihus modts dici fojfu materia, uno , ut 
non ejl c^uid ncc (juale nec (Quantum , at(ji hoc modo ej] una i intedes 
Btt,^uamam inttUe^us unim dfirahit, aitero, ut mens affrebendit 
earn fuhfiramm ejje finrm^ , cum p^^tentia ad aliam ofpofttam . tff^; 
im ciuodam modo e^dem e(l,et (^uodam modo non efl eadem^cjuonim 
materia (^uce rfl (iib forma c^uapiam , ilia eadem efi in fotentia fuh 
aUa.in oBu mmen minim. (\uoniam tunc alim haheht unitatem , 
iumc hahctffub ea fijrmarcui fubijcitur, N iw ut efl in fotentia , eJ} 
omnibus CO muni$ fftofrr fuam indeterminationtm ^profter (ftam 
UttHaw firmam fibi feculiarem ohtinet . No/im tamfn tr ignorare^ 
f licet fit fubflatia a8u exiflens.habeatij, in potenha unimtem, ijutr 
efi cnti fynonyma.ea tamen unitas non ejl numeralis . ({uomm (fuce 
nuineralis efi.acced^i aforma,ueluti lihro (ftiintv primce phtlofcfhitf 
iocetur.nam inattrii non numerarur,nfi afor'na,a c^uaam^n unint 



ttm,fit(fii{Uinu. Vcrumunims (juaf conuenit iUi ut ej} Jtihflantia 
tclu extjhns nccia'tt numcrati, Jed merits mntum contipiturjicinius 
ji marriam ejfe mattrim,atqi ita matenam prima cjfe un5 tjuonw 
in primii pncifijs no datur ntfiunum, fed hac mm non Jt^mfiM 
ilijf uifi fupra em prater negaaoniM unitas nnmetalis eft a forma i 
materia ([lAanm HmcpJffrew'W pofr/? c[[i&re xnteU^genna non fit 
unanumero) c^uianonej] materia • Sed necplures numtro,aunL 
numerus non conuemt^nifi rei (juantce.Quare in diuinis unitas numcs 
rails crwi'nerus pomcur per ce^fumocdttonem:^ communiULS mH 
terice efl colms fuhieclt,& non pradicati.ktqi eaiem iUa umms 
Hriiexonuenit oibus eius portionAus m fotentiaine^i mtura fiia ie^ 
ftcit \mmen (ucceffto firmarum ftcif ut fit icterna in flfifu , unaqi 
numero aUw.MC per eandem fucceffme (fes mundusqi ^eterna funti 
gt miteria propter fum indeterminM onem, efl ceternaylicet <rtcrs 
nACfioc^i fn fuccefftone formaru*n,ut fit pars compofiti , at(jihac ra 
tione no eft eadem.Quhd fi poneretur feparata aib omni formajjaui 
Hua^,eJJet,mft nancifceretur k menteunitntem,ej[etqif}^mentum, 
Solm tnmennhipcrfuideai,^citAemadmoiummuUee a^ju* diuis 
fte pojfunt in unum locum confluere\itt^ mu\t<t materiie portioned co 
eant tnnf, in unum nceruum ac maf[am,unumc\i corpus . ndm nuUm 
hihere pojfunt Unitatem , nifi a mente conjr^m , fi c<r portiones 
juh ah(fud jorma non conneUuntur. {^uo^irca uni eft omnium get\ts' 
rMiu materia in pofcnrt j;m a'^u uero plures,perinde ut ip fa plurU 
hus for mis fuhfternifur.Cum autem Arifloteles intuit eam ejfe nu 
tnerahilem inttUigit per firmam,ue\ in potentia (^uod minima conue 
nit priuationuQuod ft Icifciterisjitne una (j^ecie,angencre( Died, 
f opfonitur unitvti mm faciei f generis.({UoniAm unitns generis, efl 
umms nominis-Mnitas uero f^ecxei rat\on\s:4juarum utrat^i mate^ 



rk hui comeml num tfi um in fomtii (jue multis JcrmUjuhefl^ 
Attamen unitns mattr'us fmibs e(l umtati generis : (fuoniam genus 
conflimmr ip- dettrmmamr dtfferentijs^fferinde atq, mafehu fir^ 
mis.po fces autcm d^cretmas generis ac materia d AlexandroUt 
tim (fUitjlme fecundi lihri (harum quitflionum naturalmm.Quhi 
firurfus ohijciei uerba Vhdojcphi ejcftimo libro primce fhilofot 
fhi(e,uki hakt^i^uodgeneransgignit ahud froptir materiam: igh 
fur materid tjl dtucrja.Dicendum ej},f in eadcm ffecte diuerfm 
«c mulmudc frouenit a monria Lr agente. Verum in frimis acfu 
fremis mcntibus,uki non ejlgeneratio ,noneJ1 diuerfitas in e^iem 
f^c proprie dt^a^quoniam non ffl materia,propter quam res fint M 
Uifjhdcs.nfifi fit firms ut diximus ex duodecimo libro primer phih 
fcphif.(it(j;obiddixeruntphilofcphi,nullumeJfeprouentum in ma 
teUigentijs,nam ft fit firma.fit m /ifcic^fa^^uoJ efl compofttum, lb 
U uerhfirma (fUit fmpltcfs fmt.ac abfclut(C,nuUi inl:crrent fubies 
8o,ueluti ill(r,(iux largiuntur ipfum e£e,(jualcs fint animtefib cce 
lo.Laborauit(fuidem Auerrocs dum conmr dcmonflrare^(iuo mo^ 
do ifl« uniantur cum orbibfiisiin IMo dc fibflantia orbis : uerum 
nos id propria diffutotione il/i rju<rf?iom alms libra deca lo docui^ 
tnus.Ccetertim htc clanculum ohud uideo fiboriri dubium,an unaet 
eademfit mat^mgeneratioms ir alterius motus, (juam alterahor^ 
dugmcntum dicmus . Latinorum fire prxcipuiajjerunt unsm 
efie.ob id qucd Arijleteles hbro prima de orm ir mteritu, dicat mtf 
teriam ejTe fubteUumgcncrationis iy alterationis : aliorum dutem 
fofi^Verum ea uerbd altter fchtus fim interpretnri , f materia pr9 
pne ac prtecifue dtcatur fihic&um generaUoms:<ikQntam ratio mas 
ttrix (onjimtur per potentiam ({U(ce(l,utinifkit Alexander lihr0 
frimQ<iUirJlmumndtkralium,ejJe mattr ice, pr out frbijcitvr genera 



tim.Materiir Ufrhtrgnfmutanoms'iT augmenti,Jufii ^uoJimm9\ 
Jo >wfrn(r,non tamcn profncCf^ cjfe earum fit im^^u, non ponrn^ 
tiM.Et c^uamuis materia alrzrattonis^ut diximus fit c^uodam modo in 
fonntia,mmen iffum eiusejfc in a^u cfl, (^uoniam jub hac rahone 
Juhijcitur cntihusMateria uero augmenti ej} id (fuod augctur , ip^' i 
(urn Jcihcet ciuantum-.t^uod frofrium ejl ac immediatum , cui auUior^ti 
Couemi,iT nutrimctucidex ^uo Jit au^to^ uelutt cafite lUiftofri^ 
iilputahimus.Cum igitur materta.ut fotcnttagencrahoni ; ut uer9\i 
tfl adu,alnranom;atHi ut e[l ^uantn augmcntntioni fubijcttur : un$^' 
€tkt omnium mattria^uer'um dmerja ratione.rtam froftie acfeculid 
r'mr ger.crationi:Cauris autcm^nuodm modo^nuoniam horum ma 
tern non fimplicitcr i in fotentiikalttTatiom nanc^i cm in iUu, ti 
Mgmcnto ut (Quantum in aUu , juhmi8iiur * At motuslocas 
hi materia fotius ejl nuncufandum fuhicUum , (luonim res 
qu€ mouetur , cjl corf us in a^Uf<iuodciuidemmattrid adlocum 
{t* uulgo ad uhi uocatur.Omnes forro hct mattrix includunt matt 
rum frimamfnon la men jub ta rations , <^ua ejl in fotentia ,Jcd ut 
cmmum fars.^uxfrior motib.exiflit,(iuomam fiodgenerat,largi^ 
iwr cun^a accidentia (fucc fifrmam fubflantite comitantur^e quorum 
numcrounus efl.motus localis.Attfi hocfa&oexfonendaejfe pulv 
Ariflotelis uerba,^ aUorum,(fuodam modo fit materia, (^uandoifuis 
iem no jub ratione fotentiajed ahifuo modo,qutd jub raixone a^us 
mis mutationib.lubijcitur^Cccterum aliam longi di^cilioremfentio 
emergere (ju<r/iioncw,<ju<i duVmri filet a Vhilofifhis'jCum prtmum 
tffiod in materia affaret,fit rotiocofforis , an materia jua retione 
tdbeat ee cor f oris ^an uero a firma: et fi habet a forma,^\a fit ilU 
^ur frimo materia: aduemt,na cu ratio corf oris oibus cofofitis nam 
tahius cofcmi frmkuiictur a^ima ^rm u iHis cofcttrtiPlacmt 



Jlmcorum ^> flur'm'is^miUmmfua ncU^ra cjfe aEfu cotfus: atUHs 
norum ftwciftb.uirh uiittur, mater tarn ejjc corpus ohtr'mam ^mi 
jioncm^^uct ih pnus ^> jhtma fvhftAntiahs aiutmt. atq, ea trma ih 
mefw matcruc ej] cottterna^eflqi non [ccui f maUria,indeurmiHa0 
ftfjir nuemaimodum fir ma jiibjlantix acctiens, mater iam certis fi 
mhus defcnbit,im Lr dimenjmcm terminat ac cvrcumJcribiLVorri 
iiffert nuantiUii indetermmta ir terminaat./Kut a^m fotcn 
Ua.fiam inieterm'mata notat potetiam; terminata uero a£lu etjirxm^ 
Ita^i materi(t prime trina dimenfio frimum aduenit.O* rflfto huius 
eJljCiuomam firma cum diuidi rf^ucdt,fic-]uir ej]e caufa,(\uare mate 
fia diuidi fcfptEtftiiliter afftruntjordmem nature Jubucrmnt; 
i^uoniam fuciunt id materia frimum tnejfe cfiod poflerius eji . nam 
cum accidens fojlerius c^uiddam fit.q} firma fuhflantnz ; iffum fm 
mum materue uniretur.eamf fcr^uret . Quare iure ofttmo jub^ 
f^antitefirmafrimaeji fonenda in materid.nam materia prius fit 
quid.q. quantum^uel c^uale (^uiddam, Qun J fi trina dimenfto in ma^ 
terta firmam jubJJanti^e frxcederet , atifi inea friusredferetur: 
frofiEih prius effet (fuanta.f quid.Adhcec, c^uod umuerfili ratione 
fer fi aUerm ej\ cau[a,cuicunc[i comfaratur.per frxus caufa iUt con 
Jerri comfsraricly debet, f e^e^us . Quare, cum firma fi^bjlantix 
Uniuerfilirationt frMdaifirmam dccidentium,fi uni tertio cuifid 
confiruntur^cum fithpantia fit caufa accidentium.eiufdemii, generis 
cum materia cui conjirturinecejfe ejl ut per prius firma (ubjlanti(e 
uniatur , q, firma auiientium.nam ft aliter jitfferuertitur ordo en 
tium,Et licet. M eyajlentiam materia fit necejfaria trma dimenfio, 
tamtn non minorem necejfitatem ad exijlentiam materia ad fir t fir 
ma fubflantialis.Quandoii^iidem per firmam exifluinaSu.h- per 
fianiiPttem dicitur diuijibilis,Pratereageneran;> primum fili proa 

ponil 



{ 1^ 

fmit([c:fttrc ^imo iai firmm Juhflantia,<iuainttrcelcnte c<ff 
irrtf accidentia mficfuunnir,lta<f> forma fms in materia rec^itur 
acctdeni.P<urfus trina dimcnjto , qua cjl in fotrntia ad nrminum, 
cut ejl in frcedicamcnto <^uanuatlStau^ in aliju Si e(l in ciuantimtt 
efl aUu ([uanta^cum fit aElu dm<nfio,aiqiiti ^uantitas cjfct fffarpi 
hlts,c[uia cjjct in dtifu;^ ius^; fubicUum t([tt fura fotcntia,ut docuii 
Anflottlet frimo dc Gcncrdftowc, ^uod fi ^uantitos ejfet fotzntiSt 
mbil aliudcjjet cji mattriA,^uia materia efl fottntia omnia, ^d hxc 
finimm isr infinitum (^uantitaH conueniunt cx ftimo Vhyficorum^ 
fx ergo cjfct mdetrrminata ^uantitai,non oh id remoucrctur a ratio* 
nc (^uantimusnuoniam cuius ejl a^lus,fotzntia cjl w eodemgenerc^ 
rjjct igitur <fuinti(as.(lu:d ucri antt fir nam fuh^antialcm fit 
Utas.nuJlo fa^o affirmare licct.Quocirca ut htcc controucrfia diri^ 
matur.frtfjlat dicerc f cu materia multum babcat fimiUtudmc cu 
hcOfir contrkiid enim conccdit Vhlofcfhus (Quarto rhyficorum)ut 
efl (iu<rdam cafamtas.in ea duo fane f tint animaduertendaifrimum^ 
qu<edam ad recij^iendum aftitudo,(juam recefhhditatrm fi flacet n§ 
minemuSfUt res flanius mtzUigatur: deinde aftitudo^ut i partes ^um 
tandem habeant rationem cu toto dxuidi foJftt,<iua diuifihditate dice 
musjtttiii in materia,fofi fiibfiantict notionem^frimu fi ojfcrt eiui 
capacxm\^uacuiufiai firmce materialisrecifiedce fit capax,quie k 
fotentia frofric froficifcitur.efi enim materia recefttix omnium 
firmarum^id^i oh fuam fropenfimem ac affetitionem , (^ua firmas. 
recipiendo perfici deftierat,h' appeUt, Ea autem appetitio ex imi 
perfiUione ortum habet.nam ^uod [umm\ perfiElum efl, nan indis 
get extrinfico,ut perficiaturAgitur caula,<iuare omnes firmas poft 
fit recipcre;efl eius i'nperfi^to,iiuam natura fua firtita ejl . Hinc 
ficceda ipfa d\uifilil\ttis,<^ucc nihil aliud e(l,^i ciu<eda materiee apti^ 

H 



ttjao;^M<i in fhrei prtrfrs mfim tntioms^MdM t otrjl. Vroiniti^i 
ferw fra naturd,it(is ohtinitafUtuimes^altfrm cfua jzrmai irppfs 
Ut ut perjiciatur{ef} epim Jongf omnium imferlr3t]jmfL)(juam cas 
focitanm h- rccefnhilttattm diximusiir ahram, diuifthiHtut^m, 
(Hua plurcs firmas oh fuam ad eas frofenfwnem.rectfere uakt df^ji 
h^tcgr<ecis nuaritims mattrialis nommmr.Ep It ([uantxtni firmac 
h,(\ucr pro firmarum Ufiricmtt.umoifcrtitur ttrmtnosMccc inter 
elcmenm maxima ffl m \gne , minima w krra . Ule en'm hah'd 
Jormam ijuxextgit materitm tenu](fmm',(^uomaui caluiiejT rcre^ 
faccYt.Qdttra uttodemcnm.ciwi JuYitcra[fiora irgrmora.ec m 
ntts hahent nnuimtis.Formt ergo naturalis mattm fcrficit utfvbi 
fiant]am,n:rmin.itqidim€nftotKS,froutnatura firma: pnnrwr.Porra' 
banc (fuar}timtvm,(iu^ fcquitur firmam , Artflotrles fcftimo Mctm 
fhyf.uocata(cidens,f fit diucrfiim (^uodpam afubflantia . (>w:^Jf^ 
chijccris materiam per (^uantitntim diuidiquia diuifio cjuantv conut 
nit/cJfoHdertm, (p fartitto ([ua: aBu fit,ijr a^ualis nofrii dititur^ 
quantum fraJupfon\f^i:qt fotrp Alteri^prceter^i ^utfwfp tomf et^iriiS^ 
Vcrum aptitudo ad dmfioncm eff if fa materia : (^uonidmfiia natu^ 
ra.nihil aliunde mutuata,capax ej] omnis iiuiftomsiatcii iccirco Vhis 
lofcphus dixit, materiam ejje fottntiac^uantam, cfucd Jfi dimen fiones 
ejfent in ea trtTrnct^netiuaq, ejjet potentia (juanm: fed tnntm hale'^^ 
ret pantitotrm atq, extenfionem ea ratione^qua ejl prfrt?ft^, ir no 
efl aEiu firmata.Sic nuUam hahet rationem frtedicamtnti , fciftr 
firmam fubj}nnti(t oia frcedtcamenn adipifcitur . ejiet al/o^ur or do 
nature imperftHusJi effet quanta ina3u,iT potentiaaha omm<t. 
QLhdftin(labis,ut efl fubflantia a^u , id nanq; fupra docuimus^ 
im ejfea^u quflntam,& quakm^Dicendum erit, nonefe fuhpans 
tidm a^u,nuandoquiie non ejl frtn fuhjfitjg, fed pars, ac fuhjfantia 
remotu & imfcrJi9a:AdififcimAutreb(fuafr<idicaniitii,qu^ firt 



ma fuhfantia fiiiuuntur.Jim^ inttruentuiatlli ita fjl fot^ntia ret 
mottt.'^imihccr ut Jic nude confderatur,ef} ^uof pottntia fuhpan^ 
ti2 copjfm Cr firwa uerum maximi ac citra medium fotius p>opc 
d^idji^piamj^iihjl4nti(r,^i ad aha (fix per firmm ACi\umt,Qjm 
tr ^gtm prim: Ixrgmr perfc^onem (j- jhrmam.c^ua intercedcntc 
cg(tra ac(ticr\Ua ^onmntutM^ies itof, ^^uomodo m matrria (J} ap 
tinido,(fua d\uidi[ur in farus](^ua diciotr ^uantitas mattrialts : 
quo fa^o quantitas firtnaUs fequitur firmam.isr tdtum per firmm 
tx utra(^^> QoncinnatuT Qucc ft ita inttUiguntur^nullaTcliquitur cons 
troMnJja,n((j, ordo nflmrf pcri^c/fiPr. Quarc })ac dc corpora , ut 
tr'xhJmcnfiQnil confiai.h- ejuantumcfl fufficiantSufercf} lovgi' 
ohfcurior (juccUio,(^ua ratione corpus, fub(}antiafiat , (jua nobis 
ia*r, c]} exflican({a*Stoicis,ut rcfirt Simflutu$ frmq Phyficotu wi-j 
t^isipi^orfus ejfc mjum /i^ir^jii.n ir Aripotelcs frhno de generd- 
tiptfc capJcaugmcntv uocat mattria corpus^cpiod corrupta gcniuuii 
r^r^^manet,(iui ajiipuliKur Auerrocs libro prima PhtfiCQrum dmky 
ir^jfi\t,uid(mus lifm corpus mifUixi dccarncjlrtimtt in ttrreflreiM- 
te.^atio quoif, ide doccre uidetur,nuadoquide corporis ejje won e/I a\ 
firma ijucc indiuifibihs i. Rur/as Arifl. cUauo primir philofcphia^i 
flH,^^ii^»J« no dat mulutuiine, fed pcrfiUione: cfuare firma no irfi 
luH ec corpori yfiiperfiSionetm^Ad h(tc ,fi cc eotporcu no pro^ 
utnit a f^ma,ergQa matrrta (fuoria-tc fuu uidctur ce corportV:ali(>^ 
qui,Ji C€t icorpcrca,6ia lUa abfurda^nuif hahet Arijl,pri.d( gcnerik', 
tigrie cap^deaugviitv finut) ctr/r, Ite^titu et ccpcfitu firtituvfuv ee 
a partih <jbus coflat, fcdno a firrra-ergo a matzria , (jua: ccmpojUi . 
parscjl, AmpUuiJi corpus ejjft quiddam Ji/linS-nw a m^jfrrio^r 
haheret fulicnum : at corpus ejl primum in pr/tdicawcntofi,bflan^y 
tia:,ir fi pcjfet adejj'e h ahcjie, habcret contranu ,fcd nuh alien s 
' . . H J 



tDrHtn,<fUibus materia firniAtur fjfcnt corfora , contra f nos j(nti^ 
fnus.nam duo ahjuria ft corfor(iejJcnt,fi.^u(rcntnY\^imum, ^ an 
fr aiuentum ^lualttatum^fnattrid ejfct exfers cor f oris, eJfetfuiJtf^ 
€ct Ari/?(jftl« ucl uacuum,uel ficut funclus.fi^ltrrum (p cum gene' 
ram agai \n mmriarn f fr m'cium naturaUm^cumc^»f\ ci^foris ixs* 
fen ejfet,tnngi nf(^utret:ommnortccejJe tfl^ut corf area fitji tangi 
dcbft.Quamobrcm foflcriores fhildfcf>hi contendunt frimam firs 
mam,i:^U(C waterier grcm'io frimum excifitur,ejje jirmaw corfor\s\ 
fojl earn fi(^m dimcnf7oncs,aciceteiras firmas-Adqi ne.firmircreen 
tur^atq^ ex mhilo^O' non firma gignantur, Infufcrjiuifiones fir^ 
mam corf oris fiijuifdegenere fubjlantix , aliocjui dtmenfionr. Jvre 
fr'tmas Jirmas in materia,ut ^uerroes hlro ^otfrfo de c6clo affirms 
uiLC<eterum,mea <juiif rw fententia,hiec Jirma ridicule (atisfuit ex 
cogimtn,e(}ii, in fhilofofhia fuferuacanea,Sedne in £Ciuiuocationt 
nominis corf oris lahoremus]fcire licet,fcr fermim id)n afud iHosiP 
feUigi.firmam ^uandam communemi^generkame^uafti dif^iji ' 
tio ad cateras Jvrmoi recif iendts (jutf- ^; ^a natura haudejua^, recii 
fit, fed materiam frafarat,(iuo extent firmac recifiantur, Atq> in 
ea re dijfentit Auerroes ah Auicenna,(juod earn f^ecijicam ficeret; ' 
Huoniam inquit Auerroc$,librofrimo primr fhilojifhict, materiam 
frimiim recifere firmas generates, deinde f^ecificas, (^uanJoeiuidem 
materia friusrecifltgenerum firmas,^i Jj>ccierum,Verum utdixV^ 
mus,h(trationesnec fifiunt fhlofofhiam nec ad erudicndam ius 
uentutem conducunt.nam ft fc<cc firma ejfei teterna in materia^fras 
cifuum ac froximumgcneratianis fitbieHum^effet comfofmm:At(p 
ita omnes firm<t ejjcnt accUentia.eadem ratione (^ua Auerroes per 
fnafu dimenfiones ejje fubjlantias i mattria^Adhxc fi ejfet Jirma, 



|!jm,nf.ji mntum diCponcrct ac fnrcrfararet mat^riam adrccipcndu 
alias formal, frd (ha8us in ca.Pretcrea^ns infiitAriJl.aul cjl ma 
t^m.autnhl frrcet^rgenem ffnict.at corffus fro fubjlantia.norft, 
fit m^ttria/frd com f>cfmn^\necgencr'n flecks, [cdal^^^^^ f>r<twr 
eas . DdrSc ft r^ftfiretkr h^t firmaftiferaret mattriamX id 
(pibd h ihet rationtth fifm\i txctdxX ma(friam)fcdomnc ^uoj fufc^ 
rat matcriam, habdt rationem aBus.frgo ejfet a^us (juia dij^ofitio 
rcfvriwr ad matfriam. Hue atccdit,(fxoimaior tfftt unitns gtntrh 
(pf^eciti (fuoniam in f^ccicb.eJTfimilHudo lja« w firmisrefcrituf^ 
fid ingenerctfi uniftrs rationcfirm(c,& maxmh in genere genet' 
rah[ftmo!ltemfirma^<xmlutcm frodeunt,uiagcntis (^uod altcs' 
rat materidm, aut ex materia educuntur,aut ex comfofito ,Jt ex na 
tura mdieri(t, nihil cofin heetfirniii 9orfori5;fi autem i comfoftto, 
firma ejfet ftmcifium ^a\Jionii:,tm fit ratio recifiendi. Voflhxc, ^ 
in'ornnifrkdicdmento^in c^uo efl rdtio motus,efi ali^iuod intermmtu 
quote in fnreedihmekpjubfiantix^ ejfent duo interminata materia 
m^, Lr forma. reffUgnit a^em ^rifiotetlUt uidere efi fiftimo pri ' 
oiirfhlofifhi(e,ubi contra Phtonem dif^utat ^ res non fa'cia per 
tBionem inteMus,eJ[et aSuuniuerfihs, Prteterea fer hanc fir^^ 
mam effet mdteria und numerii;(luare non indtgeret alijs firmis, ut 
ad a^um reduceretur. DeHi(fi,hoc (fuodfuferat omnem admiratios 
nem.genus ejfet inaBu extra 'mteUetium.non autem (^ecies: ^uonif 
am {fecies ipja ejlfmgularium fmilitudo . Sunt ir frtettr has 
glix rationes ; <juds (fmde in c^uejlione huic rei dicata afferemus.ltn 
qi ut (juii hie fintiendum ftt.omnih fAteat,fciendum f |?, corfus na 
iuraU conflare firmis elementi.Lr materia, hanc enim frimam com 
fofitionemfiicit ?hi\ofifhui,ficunlo ie VciTtih,ammdl\um a pmi 



fio,unJc ratio corfom orimAicfi o6,uI(;prfu^ niituxdcy^iupi^^l^ 

wa rIe»wcnrt.non cnim corf orcitai ^uajjcut ejl mstzru fr;ou,<juoi 
(luidmconceJ/eruntijU m<;Kmcum JimAckrn^ntif\t cflrfpina.^ 

uifmemik jbrmi uero cum wflttriu.^uoijii corf u^^i^^.W'ft rid no.^ 
cji carpus rfcifu, fc^i fuhjlanfia qy<r /jdi^yi^i parf^i : n.uicf ^- «!iinMSj. 
Jirm(t,cumjit fua namji,in4/iUifibili^,nifiinjn^^ ncif'iaiur.tun^ 
tmm filcorj^us inaSu,<fuM<V fcrfiRme & matzria cvnjlmtut;^ 
comf}oJituip,cqmriiap4rq,.ccrfus. A tq^, ewf nokcorfus hahu fuarn^ 
Jdcm in frxdicirncnto ^u^ n^^^i^c ^^,^t, bngm,Ut^iin,ac fcfl\ 
Jundum.Quafrofttr fifremic mcnfr^ ;jpn,coiiJ?ifuuni cor.fus:^ n$S 
fint firmx in matzria ^c^ux earn ferficlint,ad (iuasfc(^ucrctUY (juaitf^ 
tia$,ucl antciret,i:r ft anuirct,utraqi fm diuiJi fojfet :fi i«/c^ttc - 
retUTfJirnia d^uid(retkr.^^fUf^\rctur ^jt,inJo}(^Ando,fcr,(iC' 
ciicns moucretur.fi infirmaret fj^r (^tfantitotctri intzmciiam diui4^^ 
ntur.Quomodo ucro intrUccius un^<^^ri7rIo.<ii^{u^^wote.^e^djr4i;^^ 
litur.nam clfi Aucnocs i'U^'^^^^^ ^^fe lifer (iu**! cqo/crifjtril^j 
Camen hanc unioncm mn ejf^^|^uiu$,rif<jj fibi fihi conjlai , At(^^ 
ut ratfoniklitfraaddu^is /cihsjiciarnusidumus f cum Arifiotcles 
dicflt materiam cj[e corpusicor^us fit in pofenria: V^ruui e/J corpus . 
cowwune,u£ jcn/u paciptur'r^^<flw<»»» fcwfcr fitmaj^flumm piif^^^ 
rik^necunqi aifeafciungimrJ^orrocum huius opriiom, offer tores * 
dtcant,if, fi^je res haheret^ firma ex nthilo Jientrjejj^ondefi^un^:;'^ 
cj] firmtm per (iccxdem g\gni,(^\iamm fitmm 
fra docuimus . aiqi ea quce aaidentaric gignumr , cfus hdhent ui • 
alicjuid frcecedat.ejjct emm fhrmarum latiiatio,ut Ancixagorasjin j 
/^h^M^^'^^^^ r OTflfcri^yinj«^<lr]?romflmr,won tnn^cn^} id afrren ^ 



kfer fitiv/uts fvfrnas elt^rt"nftViMrV.V'ipJc^um cjuv'ijj'tMijhon&cer^ 
fori iMttd^ punt ^ua}ith!fiYTp fiaccomWneV// r^komnib tiuafvnV 
in pr^a^ikmcttto fuhjlanhii . Qnate^tiis c^ueedicinfytorpprefkis It'* 
wbles clcmctis mtur,\]U(P mctt¥hw)tifir^flfit, at(jricdrco tJj^ftt, 
l^tur frima corfdra.nndc ratio ^^utfiji c6rj*Qrvshiiytis eccedif. Of or 
Migitur in his cfucc cceti^coiiyttxD fii^Mi^r^i^luttorfiif'firiAa h** 

con^itione.V mc ctcliim f{\\ai^ntiontlb*fg^'ah'k^ diuerfa e(l corpus/ 
e'p eriitfi fmfkxihdu^Uaf firm iir nittkka prima C0agmentatu^ 
fid (ii^ y\GmrA tnk',^tttrrkthmif^ Anffottks pritnoihro Htcceh ritf' 
fiif iemohih(ire. At(ji'ob'id Auerrofs dixit, if fum magis cjjc fuhit\ 
rrfAfttin\tij fii diln (!orfus,i7'fmfkx,ac cfi C(rnris corporih* 
i^uiuocUyiflti', lichiiifiorma ekm^i^si^Kjuis', hcct (juid mi>uttur, 
olUneat'rdtionifiihic^i. Porrh^iluet Auvtioes Comenm ejl , (ff alia] 
J[i (juatitni (juatrmrc fcoft? torforfr.hoc n6n efi mvonc (^uan' 
^tnii^!ftimattr\a.^ut»9^^^^ » ^ "^'^ fuhlunijriu.- 

Atf ifii tdiji omnih. rationih. ^Btr prt|jt»H drcupfvruntur Jatisfierii 
folK^uare dc forma corf oris haSenus, 

A N R E1>'« R Va t ViV' a L I V p Go R P V S;« 
frittr ndtuYid^ t)''mthematicm/ Cof 

V^iflotrleshhro jccundo it VartklMn\ma\iamy\f\\ctm'\nii 
tura fonM efie comfofitionem^unam ex uirtutc clcwf«frri/, 
ir matrria prima , ex ^uiti<s confiatur clmenmm : alteram ex el&\ 
wcnf75,f X (^uihus conflarii fnrfesfimid/^eT.h' ttrtii ex fartihus ^if 
fmdir itM$,ir muhformikcx juib.tutu co<JgmenWcur. Qunrc cm 




fris /tnf comfifttionci^fik ifio^ crunt corpora ndfuralia.Hcmpfrle 
mcntvi.fm fimAmi,l:r diffimiUr'u fiut Irfgayvii ft. Ejl Lr corgi 
pus mathematicu,({uoi ^riJ}oteics ro ili^ta %s\qc( affcht c^uoi 
tflcorfus ciuanium afajjtombus ir <\uahmtibus fenfihilibus ah^ 
JltA^um. uiictur frccterca tcrttum (}uo^» ali^dmcjjar'ih rcfcruri, 
^uoi conflct mAtzria ir firmA (uhJ]4nna:,(^uod\} frcrceiit ^uanri? 
tuttmir fofftonmiatiii id a (^uihufdiim tAcUfhyficum nuncufd 
tur,iiuod abjlrahit /rpiiratur a ^uonro ir ^uali. Im^i m duW^ 
ucrUiwr^an ciufmii inter corpora fit numcranium:ut dicamus alii 
tjfc corpora fidturaiid.fllm Mcro (^uanta.lT' mathem(itka,i:r aim me 
mfhyftca.Quod im dducndum mihicjjc mdcmr,null(im jcihcct efi 
jc comfofiUontm,cx mattria It forma corpor\i,(^uod f%fra ^uo^> 
docuimus: ^uonia primam comfofitioncmfiiriftottUs cx (lualimubus 
ir materia conjlUuit. Quod ft cffetjarma frior, t\inc frtma com 
fofitio non ejfet elcmenturum fedgener'n : nec forma elemcntorii 
cffetfrimaet imfcrfkUiffima^cfJetcmmaliafrioratqi Imf.crfUis, 
orM genus nuUa hdbct formafCj] nan^f tenuii fmiliiudo earu teru 
quorum efl genus.Quod ft mflab'ts compofitum iniiuiduum fib 
Jlantix cffe fr'm ceteris fr^dicamcntis : ergo comfofitum ex mate 
r'ta £r ^Brma prius erit comfoftto mathematico, ir naUiraluac per 
Mturale^ fibflantiam ir Cfieta accidemia mttUxgmui, O tco ^ 
mfmodi rat'me tantum comprehenditur^nam ^n(u5,qui corpora di 
iudicit,duo tantum cognofcit,nempe quantum ac quale,quantum qui 
dem ut Jenfibile c6e,atqi im corpus naturale a mathematicofoU ima 
ginatione diff'ert.jinfus enim percipit id ejfe corpus^ quod e m eau9 
fi, cur latera dijlent^ale uerh puia caliiu.frigidum.O' Cdteras 
qualmes,quod AriJlokUs ^uoqi tertio de an'ma docet.fed fubjlan^^ 
Ua quamuis ctetera pracedat, ijr ut cauja Ir ut fubi^^um quo res 

funt 



fintXndm ftimo Vhyficorum^mattrU Lr firm ftmt c&ufa mmum 
eorum t^uuc lunt.)tamen hoc ratio folum ^i/u Jicd^^uitf (i»hflantia non 
fubijcituriudiciofinfuum.Vorrc quod cor fui iHuantum dtff'crot a na 
turali fenfus pmipi^^uoniam ut dixiwus y mdemus c^ucd fiiciat ut 
Uttra diflcnt,(fuod (fuanw feculiare cfl.dc'mdc in loco c[fc,ut monet 
Arifltrttles (juartv fhyfK9rum,cJ[cq, calidum uclfr'tgidum, Senju 
tgimr cognofcitur,corfU5 effc quantum,Ac cjuale.Qmn ir b>imfiici 
usin prcrfationflihri Phyficorum dixit,id^m tjfc corforeum It 
nanira\t\(fikamu\i raiior\c diflinguantur , ir fcicntia naturalis fire 
fiurima ejl circa corpora magnitudintsutait Ari/?ofrIcs; per 
corpora inttU^gensnamr aha ^ir per magnitudincs terminos; funt 
enim megmtudmes corporis naturalis ttrminl Quare dicendum ej}, 
tuxta decrcm Pcripatttica , f corpus naturalc non pottfl ejfe , n'lfi 
(Quantum- nuamu'u aha fit ratio ob i^uam dicatur naturale, ir ch qui 
Jit quantum-danturqi duo tantum corporum genera,unum quod ma^ 
Xhmaticus abflrahif a materia:alttrum quod conjlat quahtutihus fin 
fihLac magmtudinihus,quod naturak uocatur.SubJlantia ucro com 
fofita,etft earn mnUcSus a quanUtntihus quahtatibw/qi fimotam 
gnofcatpmen non e/? aclu,fcd aptitudinc tantum ^quarum neutram, 
nempe nec jubjlanUa.neqi aptitudwcm,fenfus pmipit: corpus ucro 
^iwnewm f n w fl^ttjicf f f maginauone firmare pf>ff:muSf 
quod carcat quahtanbus.Patrt ergo duo tantil corpora cpudVerh 
paten.os repermfir tertium iUud j\Uiciurti,tjje,quod a rauonc dun 
taxat cognojatur, 

AN MATERIA APPETITV N A T 
rahexfctat Jirmam* Cap, IX. 



I 



Vrtnjpliiriwis f!l'ticmt,n,atTr\am,f cpg^'ttionhcx^crs fit, 
nullam fcrmnm dffdtrcri: ."pytih I a^'fCtior,iJiljjLi(Atur^ 
^uod refugiat cognttiomm . Deindc m^fumit , ji tnarcrtd off€Urct 
Jirmam, co ade^ tti flppffitio defmtrcl: (^uandcquiJeni Jrucreturcd 
Huam i^oljtde: fillawcj, atr.^li^lcrctir , iz fide fidcr aid aham pun 
cum iam.hcm wi fvtmatn miutjjtt, minus fcrjiclam Offenrct: cum 
$amen (;pp( tino ft dus cjuod melms cfl ^.agisij< ferfRumSed buic 
Huccfliom rej^^ndendum arhitror, ^i wattm fnma.cwn ft cmfofi 
H caufi,unum halintimen: hnbcot ad id quod per iffath conjhiuttur^ 
quod comfcfuum uocarnu$;ip^ alteram ad fcrmam . nam ad Mum 
habetratioyemfartis adfrmam uero.rationcm mdrfri<r;flCdJopc 
rationcstmiurxSub ifaarGtione Vhyfcus tarn con fider at, Perth 
materia prima anteq) fir mam rec'tpit,e(i in ptentla , iJlaqi friuatwr^ 
quoniam ef cn$ imf>crfktlum iy ut hjihet Ar'tfoteks ociauo Ffcjrs 
jicorum^imfcrfcclum efgraha ferfcii.atifi ob id frofcndci ad Jot 
wdfw,tonij, ad fuam ferfEitonem , Qiiarf fcrfuam indetammaiios 
nem^ac fotcntlm fcrmam ir acium rejj'hit , tnr,q, fuum terminum 
fibi unic quaqi conuenicntcm.ob quern h natura aut diuina frouideif 
tia ejl conjliiutny qu}^ mundus fem^ er fiat (em^rq^ fit . 9*0 ij^itur 
wdetcrminatione nullam ccrtnm fvrmam [ibi f^rofonit, fed ommb.ex 
tcquo indij^etiV trii ab agente ad cerms frmas deflmatur recifien, 
das fcrquahtatum alteratme$.lt»qi materia (ipprm ejj€,non tamt 
tnagis fer hanc firmam q, per a\iQm,id'qt ob (uam ^^otentiam indcier 
tninatam.y erum hibet a priuatione ut hoc aciu fdttusqi illo per/ici* 
iur.Quart ut imperjc^a a^fetit ferfeftionem, turn ut ejl in potetia, 
turn utprium per fhUione,\tqi uthcec duo nobis fignificarel Vhi^ 
lofcphus duo po'Uit exempla,ad qua em comparauitj:m inquit, ft 
cutfxmina mafculum defidcrat^ijr (urjjc bonum num quen.Ctdmot 



J3 



'3umfxm'ma m{irem,tr:r,^; fiiam perJiBioncm defiJrrafAtn materia 
fcrmam ^ppefir.Cum ucrh fuhdtt.ir turfc honum^ innu'tt determh 
natam formam^i^uoriiam turfitudo friuJtmi alfmihtur^ijr ut tun 
pif^Jo ccrtam froniraffmexpff»f,»fii materia utfote cera Jhrmi pri? 
ULmi^aYUC\A\aremjhrrnmdef\der^t.[<.tctJin)tn6h \d mih'i otycwj 
tur udim c^uod phdofcph: ^ui^iam fnciunt (^uafi ita frmatio fitm im 
ff rJhUioncm exfcteret.nam natura primum ftbt proponit pcrJcWto 
nemac bonumjdndccum idnei^ueat ibJilui,Mft ope pr'turitmis,ea 
propter per priuationem appct\t,(fuce firma adepta defntt. Ac per 
pfriuQtionem corruptihilis efl, licet per potemiam. (^ua femper adefl 
ipCi motet'}<r,fit (titrna.fua igitur natura cum fit xmperjt^a net \n 
dermxnatn.maxme ad formam propedct: Verum ob prmationem ma 
g\s rapitur ad hdn: qi ad lUm. N oUm tnmen interim te ignorare, ah 
am efje appetilionem isr propenfionew materia nudce, nondum dh 
JpofitiT ah agente;iT alum iam difpofufe.nnm 'utejl in dctcrmind 
ta oh fummam fiiam imperfv&ionem,magnam hahet propenfionem: 
ut uero ah agente difpofm efi.habet impetum ac incUnationem, (^ua 
Gnecl Of |uf KM f 0 irXv appelant, ad certam indrtcrminataii, fvnt 
mam.ntcji hcec dtcitur materia propintfua ac natura . Quod fi ex me 
qu(zraSfi^uiJijt (fuod dum poffidetur a Jormafaltam defidercilln hac 
reuarijuariaadJerunt.Siifuidemalij aiunt ideuenirej utferuetw 
atcrna gen f ratio. nam iccirco opusef\ ut crtema fit materia, pctens 
tia cetcma,lT appctilio a:terna,(fU(e ratio fumitur a fine. Alij cau^ 
fam comj^ciunt in jhrma imperfeUionernmam cum firma omnis fit fi 
m»,tfc definitic perfeBionis .necfuit infinitnm mntfri(e imperfvEim 
nem addpcfuare : cum'^y, forn^a non p^fftt i//im (uppkre , iccirco 
matcriam -{ihm expetit . Quippe fi efet forma <^U(tpiam , cjuce 
materia appetitum exatiaret , infmtn faKe ejjet : cfutn fuppleret 



Ulccm infimtarum Jvrmarum eii cjuds matt i \a j'YOfcnitUXcrum pu 
tarim ego.duas rjjc f*r{tctfua$ caufas.ob (fuas in una Jrt ma mate) id 
connnta nonacc^uiejcat^nerrfc , (f) Jit cms imferjzclio incerta ac in 
dcttrminacn,dtmdcj<iuia omms p}rma,nu(t in matrriaiecifttur, ha^ 
htt co^trmum ad (fi9d matrrxa ejl in fottntia . atcji oh hoc anti ^ 
rtcifiat jirmam,fT\on frmatur:ai<^i uhitam admifit a conpraria 
heJiiUatur ir abfumitur.Quaproj'nr flatuerunt f>l)ilofc fhi duas tf 
Ji ortus infrrirus^. ffrcccipuas caufas : mattriam Jcibcct froftirnon 
ejfe <|wo(J huhet adnnxtum,}d eft frofter fotentiam, isr contraYiam 
Jirmam ue\ difj^ofiaonem,oh quam a ftofrioaclu deturhatur deijd 
iurf}i,^utfrD^i jriuationtm apftUanUEt licrt quidm ajferani nuUam 
cjfe caufim generationis ijr interitus aliam a matrrla frofter 
Juam'mdetermmttonem,fotentiam,isr imferfiSionem; ^ f^gnifif 
ccnicaufam intrinftcam.tomenjirma (luoifiueidil^&fihones cau^ 
fe funt.f hahcant contraria (juttus aholentur.Caferum hie fhilojo 
fhi uerha obflare uidentur.cum dtcat , ^ fuhjlantia non hahet con^ 
trarium {idfiiCileeflrefponderejiiuia decompofms intellexit,non 
cut de firma fotiffimum fimflicium , Et^uanq) quantitati nOfi> 
aduerfatur utcontraria.mmen inter fi coh<eTere n^ueut^funtqi ut 
I fcholis lo^^uimur incofofjililcs^quoniam hunc magis lUum termi 
num no afcifcitAn materia igitur,{ut redeamus ad id undc ieflex'tt 
oratio.)duce mtelliguntur affctiUones.una ut ejl imferfiHa, ir fo 
tentia uniucrfalis.ac ldetermmta;at(fi hcec apfetitio ejl ad fcrJcSiio 
ncm tr Jirmam.Mtera ejl affettao ccrtte d€terminatie(f> Jirma, 
quam a priuauonc mutuatur , oh quam proffer quafdam dilj^ofjttos 
nes.adhanc fotius if, adiUam inclmat . atqyh(ecaffenho in materia 
dicitur naturalisiqua carent miUtria artificiales,^ firma fcis extrin 
fccus acced:it^n6 iutem t materia wfarih. per alterationem elicias 



tUrM^fi iccirco Utim fottntidm artis,neutram , ucluiokntom uocas 
runt, Vfrim mflftrw propin^ua (^uamficundam nominamus ,(ptfe 
froxima cfi jtrm^ ^articuliri, facultattm olunti non moio r<cii 
ficndi;ucrum adefl frinciftum quoddm , ( ^uod nonnuUi affchnt 
frinc'tfium aB'tuum in mattria.) c^uoad fitmam fto^chiw , tr m 
fttu (fiodam cic«u) .Cmufmodi in ckmtnUt mfiiur ,<^\ao rt;cucre ir 
locum occufsrc dicuntur.Ccctzrum hunc imfctum mattrh pima no 
fomurfu4 fhi infm ui ac frcultatt'Jed a Jirmaquaflamutlai[^o 
fitionc cjuam agens natunlc lUi mdidiLt<cq, hac tfppr titio naturae 
Us;ut (^utj^^am firti exijlimarc fojfu.ejl coniunSa cum cogmttontz 
fed Dtus OftMaxMuniucrji tutekm ita pro/J?exi( , ftouidu({i, 
ut per hnc materia: frofcnfioncm raum ortus Jjnt noturaki, ir 
non uioknti.Porro ({uod ati ?hdofifhus ficundo Vhyftcorunu Si in 
hgms€jfetfuimJnUwa,ept incis ndlurahi frofcnfio ad namw: 
id dc materia frox'ma inttUigi debet , in tfAd non modo eji cafacias 
isr hMttudo ad recif lcndum.uerm ctiam impetus ad ctmmjzn 
mm,Std mattrxa rtmom ac prima dxUa , x(\ud\ fro^enfionc ad 
omnes fimas rafHur.C^ttcrum non dcfunt^ui fcrconantur, an po 
ttntia mtttrri(Z fit eadcm cum cm affctitione Keffondent qutdm, 
fotKnUdmeffc ad friuationm & firmam,affmum,ucroadfirs 
mam mtm,Werum corum fintentia nun^i frobarc fotuimus: (^ucd 
fotcntia fit nualitas quadm pm<tndi ui pr^Jiia, <\uam friuattuam, 
iicimus.nam non porr/J intrUigi fotentia ad pcr/c^ia«cm.ni/i int^U 
hgatur abffntia p<r/c£?iam$.In omni cnim fottntia fojjiua, ut ctm 
fct ^umoci nonotActafhyfconiunUaeJlfiriuatio : nifi ueltmus 
iiccre.matcnam ff imam ej[e in fotentia ad duo contraria , hoc ejl^ 
gd duas firmas contrarias.ciuarum una alteram cxcludat.atifi ita ip^ 
fum non ejfc alicrius firmx mtingertt.meimte frxjintid contra 



ftg Jcrmtt.uel Ji(^ofitioms:iluor\m wattr'ia fcrj^rtuo (tiliiic'itiir alt 
cu\ firmic.Vroinde hacratior^,matrria fcmpere/? jvrmm It fn^ 
Urtra.priudfa (juiiem ac orhaa Jiitura fvrmi,(^U(r cum frxjcnti con^ 
fijlcre ne(iuit; firmata ucro.prr o^pfmmy crum friuatio mgrci^L 
car rationcm mflfrrir/non pro dijjwfittone, ad c&nm firmam , jcA 
fro non tfft. Atq; ut rem afcrtius hfell'tgas,(}^ufmadmoduin fitfra in 
itl^dtntionc ie materia docuimu^ , friuatio tria dcnotr.t , ahfintiam 
formXtir hoc f/? ipfi m efft materice rtf^eBumiut recrfw im uer 
ho utar.)aicerta forma Yccxf\tnda,fie At:ifil materia agenerar^^ 
alterante It en dil^nntte ad hie fOtius,((i ad aha Jbrma et terCio ai 
iUa fiirma frof>efme,^uc apfetitum nominawmus,Cu^ igiwr iMhk 
lium uocatur,Qn potrntia mat^riee fit eadem cum n^^etitwdico ratio 
ne difcrepare (Huoniam fotentia demoUmr prrfe^mem ir rtC?uw; 
nonauttm indiffer.entiamadfnriuattonemO'firmdm, AUppfftm* 
notttt tndinationem It impetum ,ffrimum ad ferjt&ioiiemceurei 
imperJeEl^ fintm:deinde,ad ftrmm ut concaufam.materiA enim ctf 
firma compofitum ejJictu^t,Quare hakitudo ad comfofitum.efl poj 
Jlerior hahtudtne ad firmam ut a'i perJecl\onem;iT (fiuis firma fit 
concaufi,at:ii perfiilw'.attamen duas patitvr rdfionfs.Fiif itacj; mate 
rii fita natura potentia imperficla:uerum appetit perfcUmetw^ 
dt(p iccirco adfifmam mclinatur^irimpetucieturcett ad perJiMia 
nem ac concaufam^cum (pu compofitum conJJituit, Verim matrrite 
appetttus €0 magis augetur ^uo magis diffonitur ad unam ad alfv 
ram firmam.His iCexplicads.patet fotentiam materiit Or appeii^ 
fix iif^eratione,L:cet appeteret,mfi ejfrt in pofrwtifl.ir prius 
intvlbgimus matnja ejje in potentia appeterc a^uoma appetxm ej] 
in potenua^ tAateria uero artis ad firma efl ^dem \ potemfid em 
no appfiit.ifuonia no efl n'etmralis : ijuare apptUemus earn placet neu 



m'lnatur ^(r.iifj ofiuancs ob agcnK,^uarc ms^k hemcqj itlm (Xf(n 
diftinpuiM^fifll^^njniikdafra^^^ non cxflicaf^ 

€nahus if» attuM foittia namalis notat naturx imfcrfc&ionem, 
aUus'CArentia. "^ec in (fu<tjlme r^uocarc oforttt , ul la monuimus 
mm mat^m ^fjctim fn ci cogmtiocina ctfi ordo natura,iffiu$ii(^ 
Dei oftMiiXi(<fuaijiam frouidcnt;iauocant.)eum uolucriiejj^m^ 
tcrix f]a(u ac^okiont^ut fc^ifcr afpetot firma.cjuo mundi <zttrna 
ff nerg^o fcruc(ur:is.tsw€n hAudi^uiq^apfCttmi animahs nominahts 
tur.nenijit cu c^gnmon^ . Atf ]m ic affctitu materia: haUenus 
iidajuntinflimtvafcri Jitts, 

AN MAIhRIA SIT PRir^CIPU 

^ Ueo diU^nxitii^ciuafiiu fUffy^d fi^f^^J P eaicflccie in 

dtuiducdifmgumracdirmimr.EtfLoniaflieriii^ cts ai 

HUdt^riiyi rpfivHt. \wrcQ h^c quaq, <jii<r(lio mtir ca ^uf de n.at^m 
cotroutrfa pfr^jn/dcf ,ifcf fcrttur , co/cilicci cofiho.m €iiv>mr\^ 
ndtura fcic cxckh Jtwr ac cxfliccmr. S.J ^dc i hac re dijffnticKi uas 
ri(c ji:ntca{e,(fu<t in fi ({^4^^ frn^^'dcotr&hcrc ^laccreLtrci uideri 
foJftnL ht frimv^ihoccofcn^it flumii,mAtzm cjj'c pwcif lu unis 



Msjjfiiiuocii nmtrAcfUeri no ahfdute fci ut ccfleBitur (juSHM 

ct ummcis miterialis^e materia cjuiim certa dfuarmtratqi here t aUcrd 
faruofof:ti,cfua Ari^otclcs duodecimo frmee fhilojcfha nuncut 
fat matcriam^ficundum (faod uidetur.Hac fini jcntcnUa baud cd 
retfdtiomhusMmcum forma Jit fun damcntum umuerfalis isrcoi 
murusMiiS'.opus cjl.ut materia okuneat conditiones oj>foftws, nemfi 
ut ftt frrinciftum umtatisnumerahs ir fm^ulafis.CuiaJlifulantur 
uerha Philofiphiundccimo prime fhtlofcfhije , uhi hahet ea effe 
unum numero,{^uoru mareria tf\ una . Quart fuh eade ffccit pngus 
\ma differentia k materia mutuantur, %nt oli^.^ui totnm KnUBffiA 
rtfcruntad firmam,^ fi^f^ mdmiftbilis , contenduntiji frincis 
fhmindiuiftonis^necejfarioindiuijibihh.^ ; ijuareiJormM 

omnem unittttem fromanare,non autem a materia, f diuidatur, ir 
tx ea omnii cotinuitas oiS(ji diuifto ^ofluat. Ifr^, a forma ortetur £ 
fcreUo,unims,i7'indimdualitas, dixit .n. Phdofc. (eftimo tAetrfhy 
ftcorum ir tertto Phyficorum,termmare effe firmie, Porrhaute^ 
fir ^uod res habet ejjentiam & fjfjf ,pfr id habet 6* uwtntem-.fed 
hibet ffftfer firmamicrgo ir umtaii firma frojicifcitur. Prate 
rea diuina mentes |«nr firmx.h' nefia^, funt materice farnApes, 
nec diuidi foJJunt;iT tamen (ju«lifcc< infua fpecie ej} una: ergo ad 
unttatem comparandam fuffiat firma.hfl Pojhemhfneterhas (r 
tertia cjuadam opmo, (f, unitas numerahs a ifuantimte ortum ducat: 
nec if fa cmtrattonejuerbis^ii fhilofcfhi.nam unitas numerals 
exdiuifioneconttnuiprofictfcitur xgitur necfjje ef effe quantum^ 
habet enim fhilojophus tertio Phyjicorumfnutreru orvrt ex dtufpo^ 
fie coptinui. Atifi fc<r fiwt aliorum Jcntentice ; Verum ut otrm dirit 
ytatur controuetfia,commiJJa diJjMtatto*.e de unitate f ie ca fatis 

fvfe/f 



fuperqi innis ehffis iijjerumus.) frimum fcire Ofortet , ^uiJ iift 
firdtumtas unumMmtas ergo , ration^: h' umm , rem unam 
icnotaif^ux ^micm nccejfarw tfl fuhJ}antia.Porro cu iicimus unu 
mmero figmficmus fuhjlatia i materia (luantu.Quod ft (fucerai, 
undc orimr unitasifrofcUo in p ropm cdufa c,^afirma froucniat» 
Wcriicu loi^umur dc unitate nun:crah,duo lunt amm:iducrtcda,fri 
mu unita$icidcnumcrus,ac fcruniwie,mdiuifw:fcr nuircru ucro, 
(^untiuis fjgnificatur.^uare cu <jM<rritur de unitntc numcrali feridc 
fjl ac ft <ju(rrattir dc immtt \ c^u&txwte^a^Mod ide c,ccfi dkas unum 
<iuantu,€t indiutjikile (imiu.Sed cu (^uatitas i matrria fnu ortu has 
hf at ^neccjfe cut iteJligamus,cu dtcimus unuriUTr,ero,umi materia, 
Quarc c^ue (lio hccc no ej\ de uno ahfolure,ncc de conruo. (cctinuu.n, 
unu^^uoqi c,ui f^f^t apud Mifl. ^mfp tActufhyficotu cap.de uno,) 
fed de uno quod c i c^um dtfcretr (^uod cojlat mat^rin et fci ma. ha 
na.p funt partes naturalis cor p oris ;f:^de cx materia isrjirma oium 
fhdofcphorucof(nfii firmatirfuhflaaaacnaturarei. Nec imagina 
rihcet.hoc unuc£e perutusidiuifjbile,cv fuquan{6,et diuifionis cd 
fdxinifi quatenus i plura indiuidua eiufde rationis diuidi nf , nam 
homo I plures homes diuidi no poV.attame id unu diuifihile e i plures 
fartes.NuUuigitur copofuu ir ex materia ac firma coagmentaiu^ 
penxtus ejl imp ar tile, nec oio unu, fed e unu numerojm e indmifthile 
in flura (iih eade fjfecie.Cattru r»ol\m cogites hoc ununumero,i ma 
*teria taniu noJlra,qud prinw dicimus reperiri . nam corpora coclffltA 
quce a materia prima immunia fimt^dicutvr cjje 080 , adeo ut orbes 
patiaturdiuificnenumerale.f fmtquata,i:r hahent CuhieEla. Licet 
dicatur materia fw)plices ah A uerroe qa caici materia prima: nef 
corpora djskf ia multiphcantr i f^ecie quauis A jlronomi unfr icclu 
ex multis orkhus coflari ajjerat^ncq; ejje eiufde fjecid. ita entm fc 

K 



\i,lr CiTfcris plcjrtf ris plurr s OYbts frit«ttnf!^«4n<}i Inttlligentia md 
jintm f\h\ ^roprvAYit ti'fdmu^To^trai mutual, \ crum now ej\ of us 
irn^ritfentia lnt;uf iiuc^m, c^uowodo in (orporibus rceUJiib. unifas 
numtrahs fit innWigtnda: fitis cnim eft ut dc bis dtljitramu5,(jua lu 
furJubijctuninr.iT m^ttrtm primm complenuntur.dc qu'ib, (jux^ 
Yitxir^cwn compofita fintex fr,atrmi:r jcrma namcdxutrmlmi 
frmcxfiorum ofe fmi una numtro.Dicxmui ergo »os, f cum mates 
ria fit caufi mulivudmis (uh eadem fj^cck ; isr f r»tfpr em firma, 
frofter fmtlitudmem cum alijs Jormis^mteUeHus ex hac ftmilintdii 
ne unum colhgit,i:r frxtt unm^ut lo^uifwur,inrrn(7o«fm, <jttfr cum 
flurib.comunicari pofp/l,^^ defluribus frcedicari . A mnteria er^o 
|fifc eadem fpecie or'mr mult\tudo\i:r a fiYma.commur.ms prcedka 
hhs'.c^uare uidemr , nec a firma, nec a materia unitui numeralis, 
uel unum numero froficifcatur . quia neumtm horum frmcipiorum 
fotejl eJJ^e cdufa noturahs of>f>oJitdrum.Cumqi mdiuiduum numero 
isr multiplicitns fmi opfojm fub eadem fj^ecieimateria necjuit ejfe, 
iuorumofpofttorum multtflicmtis fcihcctyir indiuifwms.multvq; 
iwmuj fhrma.cum ft jvndamentum uniuerfclis . ]gitur ofus eft , ut 
a duobus frincifijs hctc unitUi numerahs nafcaturfutn a fvrma.unh 
tas'yisr a m^tena^nu merus.magts tamen prcrcifue unitns a forma fro 
tedit,(juomam diuidit mareriam^iT'fer fcrmam compnfmm efl a&u 
unum indmidnm.ac fngularertjuci uero ft numerabile,hoc habtt a 
fhrma in materia , Vorro cum fhdojofhi aiunt , unitatem a materia 
cririje eo i^uodefl numero urum intelligi debet.nam hxc unirasjfi 
materia ttwoim refcriri fotrj}. Rur|ws cum alij dixerunt f i Jvrs 
maoriaturintcUsxerHnt uiej} mdiuifibile^fcifui affirmarunt <jui 
titatem effe umtcri; caufam , xntehgunt de uno numero , e^uod in fe 
conduiit(juantitutem.6xmcj]^uanm%k materia ortum babeat,fos 



^7 



(leriores ikni a materia quanta Jtgmta profcifct, tftct inter partes 
Humeri fhc'U Muifionem. A^ens ergo tan^, frmcifmm (ic caufi , ins 
teruenier.te firma,nuama materia extrahtl,(imdit materiam ^t^uce 
firhce juhflernitur fccerncntijijlinguentiiii fmei, Promdeamai 
teria frouenit numeru5,a firma uero un\ais,attfiita unurn numero, 
a materia ac firma ori^inem trahit a firma c^uidem ut caufa intrm^ 
jeca determinante materiam: a materia autem fiiffedimute wwlti? 
tudinem, Ifja enim gratia firmce multifUcatur , hoc efl diitiditur Ir 
fiiungimr . At<j, iccircy femfcr monere fcliti (umus diudum ejf e, 
wiaienam caufam ejfe mulntudinis ^ijr ut dicuntnojlri muhifflicai 
tionis,iT firrmam in meteria ejfe earn qu(e faciat unum numero , f 
rrtateriam determinet. Verum hacunittii offeJlam humKraln , ut 
efl firma in matcria,a (jua fine materia numerus critur . ^ice ft itt 
inteJligintur,ficilc,m /nliar,omn« difficultates dduentur ; Arijlof 
telisf uerha, qu<e fibi inmcem aduerfari uidtntur,conciliahuntur^ 
CitUrumnonefl dijf\muUrida,haudciua({,lcuis duhimtio ; cumfer 
mater lamnonnun^fhdofcf bus. \n^ell^gatfclrtesmateriale$, qua 
p.nfu f>erdfitur,ut uidere ejl duodecimo primce pfciIo/3|7ji<r : fu(\i 
pf (tier earn materum,a\iera quam ^rimamuccamus:de utramate^ 
ria ea quce fifna exflicauimus, funt inteUigenda.Cui fitisficiendu 
cflff hcec inferiort nequeunt habere faries materiales , (fuce (enfui 
ohtjciatur\nifi haleal materia prima: nec fer materia ffima , modo 
chud iteJligimks,nifj corpus uelaUquod corpore niturali coJlh.Per 
materia etgo ea UeP.igi debet, quce jfubjlerm'.wr firmtr, efU(XCf^ difyo 
fitnejl (uhieUue determinate firmxmo autea, qu^e nudae. Paries 
uero matcriiiles funt iJla,qu<e fignifuat materia fmul , CT* corpus 
Qiue fenfupercipiuntur, Quore Juperior quceJJio inttUigitur de 
materie^ucerectpit firmam^ijua: in animahbm (s'wucntihus oms 



fiAusfcnfui mottfdt. In eUmcntis auttrrK^uafi rationc cognofcis 
fif ,(ji4onW(jttflnJiu frofriam Juam naturm ohtinent, ncn eft fcnfi^ 
hibs.Sunt tamcn clcmenta una numcro in cfuantitntr iy mattr'm. na 
raHo ii ita iuiicat,^ haheant firmam m ma^m^ ut \m (cms fitfra 
iixmu5,cxhis conficitur ^uce ineadcmf^ccie (unt fluraca^con 
jlcnt firma in matzria,(iucmaimodum Arijlottks (^ucf tnfirt iuof 
dccmo frimit fhilofofhi(c,uhhabet ^ JtprimimoWrcseJJ'm flu^ 
re$,hahennt m(i(tmm:cum mulUtndo fit fro^ttr mattridm. lonjlal 
eTgo,(p materia fit f)mcifium,{iuarc in caicm ff^ccic flura nutr.cr^ 
rcperianturSitcii caufa multitudinis^lr ({uam dicunt multtfhcatiof 
nij. Eorurrt ucro tjucr oltincnt mdteriam tDtam^ccu mundus ,indiuidu' 
urn unum ejl in fusf^ccicdetTTumfdre hcajattrc hie <r(^uiuoca^ 
tionem in nomine matcri<r,nm matzm mundi (iint (^uatuor fmflis 
ctacorfora, firmdq; eius ep cochm , if ft autrm uirtutis continuis 
tai,nihd aliudcfl mfi nexus, uniculumcji horum corforum,(iUo fufe* 
riffra cum infiriorikus n€ciun(ur:ncqi efl.ut Ajlrenomi ajferuht in^ 
flucntia,jidc(i(luam dixi uirfus(ju<r a lumine & mm injvriortk 
frxjlatur (^uaiii m fuis ofcnbus ordinmr^ucluti Alexander prima 
bAettorum t^flatur . Hinc lic^uere fot (p {fusndo ait materiam ejji 
frmcifium mdiuidui,i:r quando fvrmam.nM f fccumfu^ntt pr(^ 
tuhffe;cu^ caufa unimis fit Jirmo^qucrejlcauf:^ Ir aUus, 
licet caufa unitntit numeralis fcla firma ejjc nequeat , mffulfiflat 
\n ahqua materue portione.Cum uero fofvit quamitafcm ejff htdh 
uiduorum frincipium intelkxit ^ corpora ut funt quantn^nter fe di 
flingunturir fecernuntur.namiUud di:iturproprie unum. quod cfl 
corpus It quantumXerum firma aifiluta per fmilitudincm ui^t 
irpturesnumerodfCuntur.nm quamuis fmtmulta: uel una c fen 
tia non tumen unum numero in ipps locum habet, At fpectcs in met 



iio jinfiUs, front in melio fimi uclin ergdno , ^ mattriam hahere\ 
uiientur, funt fhrcs numero : uel diccrc pjjumus iUas cjjt flurcs . 
numero rcfrejintntiuc ut ita lo(juflr:<juifl frafcfirunt & rcfrefen 
tant fhra corpra numero iifcreta, Nfc dfurdum ejl iiccrc , ^ 
jirma fit fiknimzntum umuerfc\mni,i:r fit caufd iniiuiiiiuif Sut 
cnim in firma hct rationes.tiucc ad dmtrfa halini h^ihmdintwMm 
pf ad xnttlUUum.h' ixcitur halitudo uniucrfalis , nuoniam inttUez: 
tius f/l^ui'/9d(umi<cr/filmfcm,frituh^,/rn7i5,ur cumflurihus co 
municcntur.ut ucro infirmat mattr'ia.ejl caufa umu$ numcro^/iu^qi 
frincifium.Qhihus fic confli^^tls,fattnt Auerrois, eormn , <{ui 
ipfum fcUantur ineftite (\uoi ejjutiunt de inttUe^us umtan:if> una^ 
met firm cjuce non f/I una numero, fid una ejfintia: fuheaiem rap 
tione comfctii inttUe^ui fuh ffecie humana , fmgulis indiuiduis 
tiufdem ffeciei\at(ji ifs, unawet firma flurih, comuntcatur ir unk 
uni(iuidcm ffeciei,i:r flmb /indiuiduis eiufdem rcttonis y(^uod in 
fhilofofhia kriflotelica efl execrandum : ^ omnis ccmunitus fiat ah 
\ntehku,\<\ec una res fofefi efie una, & p/urii. communiiari a fi 
if>fi,ut ratio ir firma. lic^t non effet inconueniens Ji fuh rationc 
motvris intelligerentiiuemadmodum fcl moltis ocuhs comunicatur^ut 
agens ut lumen,i}r ocuU Vetri uel loannis moueri non fofiunt 4 
fileM adcetjum flis mohilia,ut utar lUorum uerhis . nam corpora 
cdefiufuntcounia omnibus fuhlunarihus,quoniam(unt oiwncs<ju<t 
dm firmte omnium infiriorum.ca alterantes.Hahes igitur ha:^ji 
cum inuicem non fugnare,tjfeindiuidua per firmam in materia,i:r 
'ejfe a materia. Cum nJicitur maitriam ejfecaufam indiuidui , hoc 
intelli^tvir,ut comparatur cum firma cjuce per infi UeSum compyts 
hendim^cum ft fimdamentnm umuerfalincum ucro firma, inteUigi 
turde firma i materia.efi enm a8us & prinapium ejfendificrma. 



tonjccjumr \ffum tffe mattmle nihil aliui cfl,qi Jirmd farticifnta 
a mtfrprw,<ju<r <jui<iem unitas non dicitur pmflumr iy uve unitas^ 
juofiia in flwra fartts dmiii foteJ},ucra mrKj, umtas efl ejfentialis 
fte ftmflianr ejl iniiuiftbilis.isr (juinto magis i maccria abjlrtihi 
fwr,co ej] minus iiuifihdis. Atq; h((c frout hreuiter cxflicari fo$ 
tuertint,fitis fint ic frincipo iniiuiduL 

AN MATERIA SIT PARS, 
Idtini loquuntur , quiditnUs, 
Cafut, XL 

aVamuis hanc quccjlioncm i:r logicx , ir ^rUifhy ftc'i 
trsUent timenutommsde materia tra^atio abfcluotur; 
hluit earn huic loco infercre.Uabct fhtlofofhus frimo dc anima cos 
trouerfiam cjjc inttr fhyficum ir logicum in dcfinmonc^ logicus 
enim per fir mam dcfinit,Phyficus uero per mttrria . dif[entiunt tas 
men Vhlofo^hi It Ari(lottlcs inttr Jcxum Jcptimo prima fhilofot 
fhix dxclum fit, jirmam f xp/icdrc dcfimtiomm, ir Tkcmiflius ac 
SimfUcius funt hone ofinioncm.Vt tgitur res inttUigdnir; fd 
en4um,qy (juidicas uno modoacdpin(r,prout f}^mj{cat <juid, hac 
ratiotic,fer omnc genus cauf/r fojfumus reddere quid. cumci; res na 
tttraleshaleMtquamor caufis,m Auerroesquoqi aPipuUtur jecu 
do Phyfnorum,cum in(juii,on.ne quod mouemr quatuor h^ibei c:ius 
fis'.qmaior modis potrrit explicari ipfum quid . Alto uerh modo qui , 
diasproprieetprefftus fumitur,profirma:acdefinittan€,qu<e Jir^ 
mam tYphcat uicem ac rattoncnt firmer (uhit ir f\nis, uX ajir^ 
maprodeum opera.agentts raUoncm fcrtitur . Cin; igitur aJ'crmA 



It w.irrrii compoftum hihciJt fjfe in dHu , ir loc^fucd Jiuidr 
nan fOiyii,cuwr[; Je^nitt(?yjVj»^n»rirjcpi>!:ipy5(jWir iw^nfc refcm 
u^'tur^intrr (^uxcum pr<rcipu<T fit firma-, luredcfinitioa fhrmafut 
roitwr jp/4m^; explicdiJp/i ilcinJc iniiuiiut dfjimtionem farUcifH 
rc uidctur sprout illm rmoncm Juktunt^ac firmam farticifant Ve' 
rum cum fimiconfideratur (^ucmaimdum N derails earn contrm 
flatur ,ncccj]am c(\ mattrii.mi propfcr firmam,iiu\A modus ejjen 
di firmx e/1 m maitm-.tam propftr compo/irt<m,curw /it p4rs fuhfld 
ti(Z compo/lfr, (cJ f[uia cius ^nis d firma,tvtu ratio i fcrma jumi 
turMinc infrUi^is.fjudrc dixerunt dcjimtionem ejfe jiTmcc\i:r ([ua 
tauont mma\\s in de/initionc fimxt matvrhm ; ^ ^rr7i<c nauraUs 
in mattria haheant tjfc ai(\i kano ^mrah in fwii dejimUomhui 
dchtt flccipcrc mattnm pro pflrfc,cum jhma iffius ut m&tzricc ch 
fAratur,a nuturali intsHigmr,<iuia hah'mdinm ad ntitcriam uelut 
ad t^rminum inttUigit. ^d duhitntioncm reffondendum.jf fi per ^ui 
dimtzm dcfimtio intvUigitur^oforttt mitcridm fartt:m (luiditatis cf: 
jie, ft ucro propricm intrHigitur^firmA cff p^irs qmdmtis^isr mam 
ria ui deferens firma.isr fuh fcjc rationc materia dicitur , natura 
dejirt namd.^a nomen natwra de ftrfethori dicitur, ut docci Auer 
roes (juinfo prmce fhilofophi<t,cifM naturaMcii ita omnes ofinios 
nes concilmtur . nm quidm jccundum unam rdtionem idem efl 
quod comfofmmM fi capitur muidias ut fan, non ejl comfofitum. 
Materia ergo ejl farsfnhflanhte It cJ} pm defimUcnis naturalis; 
cum Ariilo(elc5fefmiifrim(eihlofofhi<tdicatfmecarnih,& of^ 
fih.haud foJJumHS intehigerehominem ,nec iefinitiones nmrales 
dicuntur , (^uemadmodum accidentium rationes , per materiam 
ueluti per adicriionem jucc naturce . (fuoniam definitiones ([ua 
CQnuemnt aaidcntihui comcniuni fmflicihus;({uomm aciidenna 



fimi idrnfonuntur ix tnittm.utluti ex fartt intrwf(ci,<lumti3mai 
ium comfoftta naturalia atqi ita non aiditur.maKria in definition^ 
lus naturalibui fubjldntidrum/um fitfars comfofiti; dr firma Jit 
in materirjnec fotej} jirma inteUigi^nifi he halitudine ad materiam 
inteUena^nam fx non xnteUxgeYeiwr^non ejfet naturaUs ratio.fcd dia^ 
k8ka,ac tA€tnphyficAi:runiuerJalxs,(iuianon comprchenderetur 
ejfendx ratio» Nolotamenteignorareremnaturakm non moio i 
natural'x cognofci,uerum e^am a mathematico,ut ej] c^uanhttis acfi^ 
gura, fimiliter isr res mathematica,modo natural'x cogncfdtur,fjc 
emm Unea ir luftffic'xes,ut fiint corforum naturalxum confideran 
tur.Quare d'xc'xturficundo Phyfxcorum f multa: res ^w<r confides 
rantur a mathematico,junt idem (juoJ res neturaUs:\'erum diuerfi 
ratione,(juia res mathematxcce re nonfciunguntur a naturahhus fed 
' rdtione tttntum,iT moio xnttUxgcndKir inteJliguntur cum nonjen^ 
fihxli materia, (^uoniamnuUm fibifeculxaremajcxjcunt,utej} quans 
txms ir figura.Yorm€ ahce naturales <iua: materxm affumuntras 
tione logxca fine materxjS iwfrUi^Mnf ur,^UiC non e[} ratio, quce ferfi 
Bamrexnatwram exfiicei.Quodmmen ejl neceJFmum in fhy fica, 
cum fit fcientia de natura in ^utf oforttt materiam ir jhrmam intel 
ligere fxmuL Quod fx Utxni jhrmas naturales ahfirahere uidentur, 
tunc non intelligunt iUas ut naturales, fed ut fubjiatias, ac entxa isr 
cum dijferentifs <\uce comfetunt entibus ut entia funt.ijr (uhjlatils* 
Atqi ut omnxs ambiguitas toUatur inteUigi debet de materia qutefub 
efi formaiijr frofrxa cfua hutc fhrmx jubi)atur,i7 no alteri.Qu^ 
runt tamen de communi definitione hominis.cjua ef], animal rational 
le mortuk,an ea fit fhyfica , uel ex ftima f hilojcfhia fetita . j^i 
Vlamcm fetjuunturh d rmcnes ac infrlhgenUas animcha ejjeefs 
fcrimt;ddent diccre hanc definiiiamm ejje j rirra fhilolif hix,ijuia 

xnea 



mcanuhetplicittur materia. \t Verifdtcticus ^ui A^riflot^km fii 
8mrjchct per Ani aoI ifzlhgere mrvr'tam,^y mmal fit fuhflantii 
fcnfu fririita Cui rationrde uehtti difjcrentia addnr tr mortalc, 
ul ah orbwJiJlinguat , quos Arififorrlfs ammahacjj'ccenjct , htra^ 
tionem (juam libre duodecimo fr'tmcc fhilnfc^hice f>rofomt , Deum 
ejjt anini\,mu\Vi$ pro cxh xn'xhgx dcbcre fhcu'Uiucrum fi cam de 
deo,ut c(\ fuhjlantia ftmfkx & ahfolutc inteUigere uclimus, necef 
ft cfl ut animal fro anima accifiamusiucl <r(jMittOCe non uniuoce 
dici,ciuod multis arrifiuCw dcccdit ofinio ^lexandri,<lui tittfft 
ratio , ijuflm hxc dcfinitio cxflicat , a materia fro^c'ifctrctur omtd 
no materia concerncret contincrctcii. Ef licet mattria non hahet un^ 
decognoJcA(M,mj\afhrma:tamtnutfirma hahtt in materia fuum 
cj]e,ut(iittrmin3t hanchahitudincm fcrfiUems notimminnUes 
^iusfumitScc de materia prtma,ac nuda,fcd dt fropria,(iuct fins 
Juccrnitur.uerba Ariy?ofrlis ^ntinttUigtnda,ut iff€mct Vhilofo^ 
fhus duodecimo frimx fhilofofhix monct . A^^i itn huic tju^^ioni, 
^uam Utini frolixijfimis ucrhis tra![lant,fmuV(li priori huic Uhro fi 
ms imfonatur* 



DE RERVM MATVRALIVM 
frlndfiji Hk^ Mfrt , Swonis Vortij 




f^njirm.i /if fnhjlantin , & an MflorrlU rstionfi 
ftoUre fofjint , rcfcrm firmam 
fubflinUcc* Cif. {• 

Vm Ari/?ofrIfs ftihflAntiam ic tnh. iki aj[ef, 
rat,ie materia, frnna , ir^uoJ exhisce^ 
jim uiictur.comfofito naturali: ie mit^id 
c[uiJcm,ui fuhjlernitur contranjs, tpq; recis 
fiude forma ufro, ur^ju^ comfofita halcnt 
effc ftmflk'tttr.hahe*it<jf nomen ac definitio 
nem.ir fojhemo dc comfofm.ut f^r fe exi(\tt,& cx ihs conflas 
tur^ifuod ewm frofrii ac prime dicitur fuhflanUa ommb.confficua 
ferfcrutardumcft.antria fuhjltntiarum genera lucn'iri centingat. 
Anftfjuiorfs duat tnntum (uhjlantias frobarunt,{c(Zteracmm oU ac 
c'ldenna ejje dicMt.)mciteriiimin(luam ir comfofitum, (juodctiam 
nomine mattritje.ac fuhieUi nuncufaivr.nm ^rmtfm,^uoi alnri 
fit,cif, accidete mdeitur.accidens U dixerunt.Weru cu accidcs aU^ 
ud fu fcferalnk,ahud mmmh& \d affirmarunt effe fefarahleac 
cidens,(j, f^jf't adefe, ft ah er fubtecla non mutatv^nift in diff>ofitio 
flit inremahiU uirc.quod adtll& ahejl a fuhieSlo,cum corruftio 
nrquetnadmodum f;wite5,(ju<r a nafc non fotrfl ahej[c,mfi cum m 
rationed corrupttOMpfutiffIt.be occidens Pcripfcfrci umrunt 
firmam ful Jla-iUa^anUciut fliifcm,<}U6lrrrffm manri<t ,ijU(F msttria 
4rn^ni erat fubflantia , & per earn comfofm. Cfftrrum raUones 
Ariflcrrrlis^fnbus banc ofinionem redar^uit.ijs (|ttiif m, qui pmci> 
^ i If 



pys em non fur,t Miclt,nM uiicntur l^vnflrare, nam ut omnes 
fercurramus primum (^uoi dc ckmems dicitur^cd ut corfora fuhs 
Jlantias cffc.nt antic[ui ^tiirlew negaruM.ai k luflftrria f fl corjui.^ic 
ncr ahc^uis clcmentorum motus , firmas ut fubflantias dicamus efjc 
cogit non moms i loco,cum is per accidins intermedium fcrfic'iatur, 
futagfauim^m.ijr kuimtem.Karims auKm denjims (unt ma^ 
ttrlT nfJ^eSiones'.isr caliium ir fngidumyjiint elcmcnWrum frh 
mcc (fualiates:i:r durum ac molle aj^crum ac /<ruc, primns infftjuS 
turyi^orrhin mnmahs,futa mcmUiSyfrimorum corporum mixtio.ct 
firmi proprij,{|i«r mh\ alxud f//.^i comfXcxxo , iflorumq, ttmferac 
mentum (^uotncer fi dtj}:inl,aliud tnim ejl tztf^feramcmum aunijr 
argenti,ip' aliud ^ris.quj nomffi^ac defimnoncm n(in:ifcuutuif. In 
fhntis autem ,rP m'txtio corporum Iz e^irum uim cjl tern pa men 
tum ijuo nutrtuntur crefcum,t:r gcnerant.nuniuntur Jane corporeo, 
futa terra,cjU(r ahit ir trtinfitm mixtionem ^cx (juagignitur eras 
J\i earumif, temperamentum. fiiUgcntur ed beec caliio^qao etiam ori 
Mwrwr, ijr uiuunt.occtdui(j',eius defeUa.htutro ^mmal\a rat\Qr\\% 
expertta.firma propria €fl,fcnfus,<iU(e e(\ ttmpmcs quadam (jua: 
bfatum ir in hoc differunt a plantii, ^ non dcclintnt ad ficcum.fic 
atns enim retundit organum fcn<us tuciu^.^uo mmale(} ammal,i:r ' 
in hoc cum antK^uis conjentit Cunt iy a\\a jcnfls opera qute mtus 
txercentur ut t(\ imaginatio^cfiam nonejfe juhjlatiam ajfirmarut; 
f anima artim<e'y> fjtcular^ mhd aliud erant , nifi ttmperamenmm\ 
Huodetiim Hippocrati iy Qix\er\o C(rferts(j\ mcdicis (fuam plurifrn 
mjum ef}. Ej} ir rafio,<jUT nec ipfi c/l fuhjlantia.fuomam imcUtgt 
re ir ucJle fc.iu^i^ujiji h fuhflanaa oritur, fcdinohili[]]mo, perfct 
nijJ\mo',ji tefJiporawcnro.iT' huic fcnttntiit Alexander (^uo(], afitpu 
Uiur.Sunt tamenrationes tmxdxm.c^uie cam opimoncm lutart uidc 



tur. Vrimum pirUs. fuhfttidir fmtfuhjlantia: igiwfimi dim fit 
farsfuhjl3>ax,ell ji'bllanaa. Adb<rciJ <}uodniHB(«onoMmir 
iefiniaontm rei.eH fuhjUntii: fei ferahfcnnam firwd ,muanir 
nomenb- dtfininoAgitur _/trma e/l/ufc/lnntia. Rur/is,^uo<ittrmi 
twf_gf ntranonem /implicittr efl/ifc/l«tiriii ;/(<l/Br»«4 nmmitge 
ncrtttonem fimflicittrigimr firma cjl fuhflantto. Sed Ixr MtionfS, 
ma tiuldeni jinttntti If i.icul* /itit.ijudre primam i« ^cmoliri Jicf 
cm firma fii fan f<cundum ({uiUmtem, fi« ficundu ann^uos wn 
infirt tuhjianaam i^uhgenetas non dat mulmdmem ,fci per/JcIio 
nem.iiu« ((ualims iicimr.^um ir An/lcttles f mm pnw* pfcilo/o* 
fhia.dtffere^am i^ualimtttn afftht, Not i^iiur ptr hoc , ({uodfi 
tars iriLmr , $ fitfnbjlantia , fed ^ ft f fvhflant,* ,JoU 
ijitur muttm ^tt* tfl fm (nhjlantix dkitur fubflantta. ^ux <{mde 
mmm ptr htnc .jualiniirm muatnomen & dtfimtiontm: & dia 
turgeuerano /In.pliciftri^uoniam tduenknte Uc ^uali(P(e w wtfft* 
Tia compo/imm per/Jcimr , ir/c 'Su homo futn,& Su mo,cum 
tma (jfet po««n<i,rio* anmm ertt mattrii,Lr ftr hue <iRui« per 
fcitur.fi'f (hedes.CccKTum e4.qu<t nos tdfirre folemus mtgis «. 
mor,urgentfriitiontsiluxah Ari|]oftle fumun«r.<ic pnmuw 
A bom* «e?rf^<,tum per tccidtni cxfuhjlinoa & ^ucUaa. 
hwdc n=n darf mr f,id proprie,/f J/olum '!"'"«••» P"" 1"' 
If.AJ l)«ccu« mairm fi fubfl^nO^.^r r« pn(icK.nmr ot codem 
centre, oportrt jirmmefjemfdtmgmmNemmxuxa <.«n^«o 

liam l)« ifeparabiles f«nt in mmm htlXm, & non di[j>oJmoi 
„«-C<f rera ucrh acadtntta.<{ux fojfunt d ejjt & abtjfe. fntma 
ttririo-fco/ino"" P'-<r«rM,4mm«Jwr««Jum efl fxanti^ucrum 
finJili'nattmfumlgemr.&ab bis infc^arMb.^uclmul. 



I 



i\ffcrenti6s,<iuil, genus C(j«eri/:i*ur,<3f^; fjxcUs corjlituitur.h- hfC 
tationc ah hn fufnitur <juU ir dcjimtio. Et cum diatur $ homo cff 
(ita^gregamm per accidens , (fwacjjet rci diucrfcrum gmcrum. 
Kff^ondctv, ^ ijuirdam c^ualitnus habcnt modum luW^ntix , cum 
fmt wfcparabilcs ^uiffc (ju^r, niji cum inunm compfiti , fcfarari 
nc(jucunt.Wt animaa Julic^o haud ^e'lungim , fed dcfmit fjfer/fl^j 
intcrcu»tc,occi£^t tjuo^j^compo/itum f>freandcm mm r<itioncm,fcr 
^um comfofitum accifit fpecitmiT' fcrfc8wnem,occidcnU fere, 
ur>uq^ [^aic.comfofitum ehmeuAncfcit. ^rd m contra /wrif ^utf 
Ii»ft5,(ju« won notant moium fuhjlantur ]Jcd funt accidentia ,(^u^ 
ahfqi fubicSi inlerttu cdjunt iy ahfmi^atc^, hd cum fiihkUo fads 
unt congtmm per acc\itnr.<[uodnon accxdit in fufer'\or'ihuy,(\\i\a \U 
Icc J habent modum fubflantieenon coagmemnt, ne^j; conjlitunt c6 
fofmm per accidcns. N uUa ergo firma e(l fuhjlantia, jed ^utr Jaw 
ohtinet modamfiihJ}antix^(imaftr dusaduentum comfojitumj^c 
dficatur ut im dicam,i:r fcrficitur.Quare hocfSe fufcrius addu 
Sas rationes euertere licclneq, iUa ratio Jirmari poreJ?,^u« demh 
Jlrct firmu ejfe [ubflantias, fed antummodo,\dqi fofitis Sr'ijlote 
lis principijr,profcrttililfr ferfuadent.fiiiqi h'mc alia (^udjlio dilui fo 
tcdji^ua uocatur induhium,num magis fit jubflantKZ comfofi^m 
JirmalnAm ft per JitbflanUam 'irtteJhgimus,{\ua Grccci uocani\nrA^ 
§iv,Cjucc dcnuUo dicirur, [cdommb.jitbejjyac per fc exi|Jjt: compofi 
turn nc materia erit magis Jubflanha ^> firma . Si uero per [uh[}ant 
tiam inteUigimus ejfintiam quam uocnt Quintilianus.uelquam C'ts 
cero dicit naturam ir Grxci ovor/av qvee e(l ratio eff^ndi m certa 
ac determinm fj)ecie,nua: a firma oritur; forma fifie t\ if rr.agxs fub 
flantid^f materia ac com fofttvm, quia ejl horumefje caufi.nam com 
fofitum ac mitcritt mutuantur fuumejje a firwoMq^ ita cevfit 



* "Pfc.b/fpljus, fc^timo f-ima: fhiJofcfhdt. Ar.^nmfw mpraJicamvK 
I* tis.frimdm ac fracifuam fuhj}anaam fi,at comfofitum^aif a.i fctfC 

* magis tccciu Jftcks ((igenus.Qujre Jl^ecies magis dicunturful:^ 
" flautia f, genera, (^uod f ropfcr VUmicos dicitur , (juijcrwds ir 
^ iJf ^i5,pr jor« ac notiiwrfs/ukfldwrtis cjfc aJJiucrahant.Sed ah illis 
■f dijfcntit Mflotcles ({ui comfofmm frxcifuai fhcit ftihpantias, 
^ naw firm^z dt/lraS^r.^ufls^f ncra & (pecks afj^M , i:rft nobh 
^' lius fjfe oht\ncAntMent nntc ejfc unuijfmum.utfote i intelltau; 
^ non autem ohtincnt cffc kfdii ucl ligm.fcrfrmui cnim tfjt e/i /i^ 
^ gni comfofni, f ^uoJ cjl in mcnte, licet aliur cu'ifkm uidm foffit, 
^ Ir^fitin mentc nolihus ir frajlannus hbcri . Non ej] igmr 
^' dictndum hoc effc i mcnte, efe prrJlMus ligno in re qumadmos 
» im medici de fmmte fcntiut.eade enim /Swims c in mete, ir in rc 
" men ea ({ux e i re,uera <bcitur fdmta$]ea uero tju^r e i mente^&ft 

ohtineateffenolfliusnotfiuera ir ahfclutofmm^iUCUfutur.Eoi^ 

^ dcm modojk res hahet h ilns,(iuaetiamfi fc^ffidcat nohtUortmcf 

fendi moium in inteMu diumo^ir in inteUeaihus noftris atf ater 

i ttts rationib.uerius nmtn efje cjl m mattrin.Atf i» huic ({uxfl^oni 

^ fatisju^um ejl, 

1 DE NATVRA,QVID SIT- Cflf. II. 

NOn mt Uttt.ii obfmlLr ftnticofm Nalur* rationtm no 
Uif,gr\ficmtfoMs Ari/lolclts faundo Vhyfi. lihro 

I aveuc <xfhaniVm„de loannes Qrmmticui tum ii.ftjici«lir 

I «rgui( * N <i(ur« ieftmttontm fofuerit.ntf docucru ({uiij: t <{M* 

I ft ex optre , ^uoi propwU , ii cognofctrc foffmus .^nt* 

I HI tfuoji miUrim elfduto nomine Mtmm M ntgat , ul ir 



firmsm^ljr comfofitum : ajfcritqi nihl aliuiejft ^ijro^etjionem 
^uampa al fixma recifiendayCf de Jcrma I Jirma mutrnturSic nec 
firmam.froprie dici nattiram,:ff fotius fit ens naturak.qi naturt U9 
can ia t (/ mmen jirma magi^ n mTa,qi m:itzria:(juia fvabct facuh 
(Rttirs a: mpefum.dctzrmmatqi wdferiam.^w^ cjl in d€jinm,ai ctr 
mm fropcnj)onem,nuin Ijr ui iffi cflin wdfrrifl, ir agendo {jr p<f 
ticndo inclmt\€rum ^ fnrofcnfiomattnct fit ad firmim fuhflds 
tuttcj] ali^iuo modo frior naturamtKrict , qifit firmajiihjlantix, 
(fuamuis forma cum fn caufa ^u4rc comfofitum fit in a8u,iT tjftn 
di.ac dcnrm'inaaonis prmafium , uerius oltincat nomcn naturae 
mater u .fiit^i nonnu Ui dixerut , materiam ejje naturamfcr accidcsi 
ifuoniam ut m/jt Auerroes tjl nama,(^uittnui fuhfltrmiur format, 
iUim'nid^ftrt.Gaftrum ucrtitur in duhium,cum natura cfuam Ari< 
jlotelcs hic dcfcrxhityfit nomcn latifjimum: Vnum xndud at natu ri 
€xli,qv^ eJlausinttU^ for mam tantum ortuiinteritu'iifi oh 
noxiam.Plura Jitnt ijuce uidcntur ferfuaderc , eius dcjinitionem has 
ud c^uaqi conucnirc cxlo: f Air'ipotclcs hbro frimo dc fartih.animas 

hum a ratione natura dematmtc}lcclum,uhi,ui^^^^ Jintiuntt hqui 
tur de mtcUcEiu fotenua.Adhiecqu(zritur ancomflcSatur anima, 
qute namrx oppomtur,^ agat per cognitionem . Vojl hac,an ine» 
appetitus mattnce comprehcndatur. Deinde,an bcec ratio naturae fit 
communis ccelo,i:r his inferiorib.ut uiietur loannes grammaticui 
aJfeuerare,Denlp,utrumacgdens,cum fitprincipium motus , futti 
^rauims,leuiats;calidum,fngidum,l:r reliquaifolfint dicinan^ra. 
Afip ut hoc mnqi auHarium accedat^cu nature nomen fit ambiguu. 
It ahquando in rc^ocafu froforaturffirpiw in oblijuo , dulititur 
an i k'H utro(fi modo fgnificet : an denotei habitudmem , uel fii 
noumi abfclutum.Hac funt que dc naturd,frvUt dffcrilitur ab Ari 

Jl otcle 



JlottUjinduhiuni uocari pojjurit ^hos noJos ut iiJJoluanius,fr'tmiti^ 
iicimuSjf nomen nuenrcr.p cr ftmtlitudiriem fi daftatur corforib. cce 
lejlihus at cji inn:l}igcn tifS]^uoni(im hxc mfcmra ludicio ftinfui fuhij, 
(^lutur.iUi ucro ne<:iua^i,et(fua^^ lUa funl re frwra.atcj} im natura de 
ipfn frimum dici dcbeat.non tamen pmra funt ^uo ad nojlrgm infri 
hgenii rationcm.non (ecus (f, matrr'ta fcr fmiliwdinem ac fropcr^ 
tionent dicitur de materia cx\\ aicj> hdc nalJra.Li ceiiiian cn futiatur 
earn rationem (fuam noflra:(iu9mAm^}cec ^Jl fuhiecliim omnium itnu^ 
tattonum^dic'mrqi uere mater'ia^utpote quce uk\[fm fotefl ces fix$ 
pas rowplc^?!, Ilia uero potruj efl fnhie Uum q, materia^quia fuhflet: 
m^r moVM,i:7' ejl ens in fl5w,«e<ji ef] in fotentia ad alian, firmm^ 
ijUio- non ejl in fotentia ad ej[e,jcd>ad uli ut dicunt yi^ ad motu^ 
tar)Uim,^on igmr ratio Qrammaticia\i(Hud fTo}3at:(^uon\am dejic 
nitionts^quas Arifloteles in Vlryficis tradit, (untuniuerfales,ip' cos 
fl^niunt cxloi,(iuoniamdejinitum£omf(tit diifccundum fmilitudi^ 
nemSed alii e[} lUn iz alia e fl ha c natura yficut alia funt corfora: 
jjwjniam ut ^uerroes docet decimo tAetdfh^f.corfus efl <r^w!^ty 
Cflcj^nio.iT- infcriorihAtocii lUa ijr hac tantum nomine ijr fmj^i^ 
dine conueniunt^Porrc Satura cfice hie defcr ilitur ficundo Jci\ic%t 
libro efl materia ir jzrma rcium gtneralilium jj- eorru^ tililiunif 
ue\ habitude materite is" firmce nojlra: fic cum intrVigentiasnam^ 
fiat elementa,ut duodecimo frim(t fhilofcfhia-, uocat ittffr fimihi 
{udinem horum injtriorum.ltn qucq, quod de fcnfibusPlotfimci fin 
^crCt itfttUigi dehejl, efl enim in cxlo tenuis fenjuum fmditudOfnfigi 
\mag\nattoiicetid \u\:ena (cn[ent,^^uli fierjuadeai^ftf^ 
rea,(ju:d e^cludat inf^Mum ilium ejjexetirrum . nam icciteo fqt 
pusexcluiiitur^ f Jit frimum ac f r ox imum medio cji carensnictus 
•^rincipum utitur cnifni inljrumentv ut diximus m lihro de mxt^tf;^ 



#MH^i,rtppchtu jir\f}Uo,tr principio mohuo, (luodadharet orr^nij; 
flf ip/jr ijUarJJ fifntire uiJeiur Grammaticu s. A lih t N Mominu s,innl 
kUumapjJtllat nmrm.ciuatfnusfalicet: ejl frincifium ailiuum 
' turn inrtUii^endi.tum mulmrum jimclmum , ncmfc utjjl,jacttlmi 

ammx hurrm yc nfux ffl in m ateria idejl aifixa orgenis, |?cu»» 
inm jcnfum ac nutrmum pofenh.im e/l u/rfws orjamw , ir fi non 
JicuniiAtn infrHccIu.propfrr ijucm dicitur jcfaratus k matcm^hoc i 
db oYgar\o)\cii bic mfr lIcSus fit fkcttlms avimcc^nux a matem ori 
turn habeat^moucdmrf oh'ic^ocorforco ucluu im docu'imus.At:^m 
i fhilefofh'n mttrium inttUeclus ^cit ur natura , ^ fit frincifium 
^^^^,4^.^ 4^^U^ Smm.h' /icutes })m\m\tf' m[na\w tr\xm ea cjucc nos attulmusl 
'^hri^ix^ / Philo/opb conjf njirc; m uero -juic Xoamti Qrammatitui (jt 

Siwplicius c3mim/cun«r,dt co abhorrcre.ex iffifmet Ar'tficttlis ucr 
Sis ahunSh collides. Imcfijctre hcti,em mat^Tim ac firmam natas 
famnomxMfZ ?hllofophum ^quam frimo hhro inucfligemdm JiH 
i^ofofiiitu Auttm c/I mattria c^\x<z rebus caducisJul^cUur, isr fir 
M cui tfppomfar priu4f]a,^u<r^; fuum effc obtinet in mattria. c^mrt 
dtmmm ac jirmaagM.c^Uit funt partes fmguUrii iniimiuhac ori 
ttntiktir occ\dunl\d<{uodfcU$ hrijlottlci ttjimr 'm fccundo ?hy 
fKorum.cum [kmfcr d'tcat n4?wme^lin^fcic^<J ra-um 
conupnhdim nmra.Vr<cttrca,ft matrria (juam defcriffit frim'o 
hhro Vhyftcorum,non€(l comums cxl§ It (Munar'Aus.tieqi natus 
f s tmmis cntcum at^ua fit amplitulo,mtrria,fi>rni^^ac nmr<t. 
^dh^c Ar'iflottlfs frofonit cogmticmem rerum nmralium, (fuc k 
non nattkrMus per namram difftriltiScd entia rimroHd omnia funt 
norrupfidrti /t<Wim,pr<f fpr^p cxlum,(luod e(l mundi firmc-jgitur gt 
• iitrMxim ir corruftibilium naturam docct.ac defcribit . DcinL, 
iMsm naturam tradit,iiui tfff^m narunUs a noa nanunhk d\Jlifigi 



mr.fidillorm c^ffttluum natutdm uolu'u tfft pnncifiuw,'f!(W mat^ 
Qu^iam cjjca notUfAyijuadam prof frr alias caufas. Igitur defcrif 
fit nmram cfix mcffdhlui naturohb.fcrf^icitir,(^uod non (J\ cx 
J*i'n,n« vMxgtntkA . at(\i iciirco quo/|; kuil Q^lcs dcum i natu rd 
^mnxk,cum4it,Dcus & mturajnh d fru jlra ficiunt . nam cevfk ^ 
coeli funt dtj, fohlunarium u<rc,efl naturoA^ oflrcmh,cum ttatvrd ftt 
fYxncxfmm mclui i7' ({uictis,quies iuttm ir Jlatus, fit finis motus, 
imotum enim profttrjl Hum fieri <Jiciirius.)cttn^; caelum jimfn ftt 
m motu i:r in firtt.n^m here duo.ejfc in motu^i^" in finc/foli c€tlo 
uemuntxntia cjuippc corruftiom obnoxiA dum mouentur nonfimt in 
fine^fcd fincm fibi frofonunt . f um^i sffetunt, frofvQo dc naturd 
corporis coekfiis.nuUd hie pofe/? fieri mentions ectt woueat iDorum 
Cfl«Mfuw,^ui coniuncImcm,i:r per difiUnUmtm exfonuntjnttrt 
frctantes motus uc! (juteiis:^ hoc fcrridiculu ft,(fAipft cum fcnfm 
fcrcipimus res naturaks motum ir ^uiefsiw habere • Et licet ftrrj 
uideatur ptnitus immQbilis,Aitamen partrs tius multis irjufanomfcuf- 
moueri uidentur.Uis accedit^c^uDd mundi flatum atq, difpcfitionem 
in tria parti^tur Vhilofophus o^auo ?hyficorum: in ea cfice fimpet' 
nmentur,<iuod cjl ccclum.in ea (^ua fimpercfuiefcunt, ({u<rcfl (rrr 
ra prout efi mundi centrum, ficundum eius ti tnlmtrm: ir pofire^ 
mhineanuecinterdummouentur.ac interdum c^uiefcunt, nu^Jitnt'* 
naiuralia^res fcdket infra coelun.ihiec fane (unt Vhyfica traBiatiow 
ms/<2^* inuefiigatfUt aperii tcfantur utrlA Vhikfcphi in pr'mo de 
partib,animalium,ubi mtillc8umffpQrata naturaU fcientia. nyUa 
profiUo alia ratione^nifi f non ft aj^xus organo. Itviiifi^lurft de na 
tun , <ju<e ejl p incipium mum , ^u^r orli lunari fiA ijciur.tur,isr . 
n\ottria conflant pertraclant . Acccdunt Ar'iOctrlis ucrha^\ 
fc^Hndfi rhjfcatum , ubi de fmo , habet , fLod neq; fine ^ 

M 9 




^aUf'ut /tl,n'"(j; ficunium mitcr'iam , uli Jirmm,i^uce ejlin matrt 
ria naiuram dppf I'uf . Nfij; hcc iam alijs flur'ib rctiomb. confirm4 
re:iut dcmonjlr are condor^ vuh amplius dubium ejjfc mhfn^ 
ftUidcam t^ccnosmouerei^bct lUuJ fliriJ}Mdn d(Sum,ecclum ef^ 
je corpus naturoU.hobcreiji naturam/tm hccc omnia (rc^uiuoce dicSi 
ru- de coclo. Vocat porrb ccclum corpus ncturak,<^ma mouetur ab xl^ 
ij^T,mt (rairttcTne,fion aitttmtxume,i^ ahfxtray utloqiit ur 
firitSiC tnleHtjrntiis diuims nonnuncfi nifurafn afpeHit , (jui./ fuhV 
mtrACCcium^fionmmen nbfclumm natur^t defcfiptiontM ohUni^ti^ 
Sicnaturm^ifumc} dt^i^i*ivifra Dcum coliocamt jncfuiens iS'ci' 
wn O* ^aiuram nihil frullra fucfre ydijJinguen nsturah rcruin- 
unsrvum ab inteUigcnt^s.atcfr ita pr'tmus nodus d\JJ i ia<)(Ur . ^'ts^ 
(^miuf tarn ut wdtamus,an dnima intra ndturcc Itmitfs ctfrnpr fcf J<r;> 
tur.Hahet Arijlotfles,o:lauo Phyjicorum aYiimaUa moucUrtathtii^ 
ip^ftflcre jc per animm^ uhi per mturam innuit , f non moutiuri 
A\ixtrmjico;nec unknter;(^uo)nodo igms mouetur in orhcfh a cdtP^ 
hiat.ji is motiis,quod fiat ah extrtnliiCO,dicitur ejTe i^ni prtrtrrnadc' 
rt'ti'M fopra naturam if,<^uo mouetur a cor pore jvpra Ji collocate^ 
ji confer uante . ^migftur'amma prinvpium iHtrin/rciiM*^ 
dn'.m>ilis,bjb:trationemmtur(€:hcet abea diflin^uatur c^uia noH' 
tgit fingukmer unum,ut ibideni doctt Philojcphus anima cnim Uit* 
detur duo contr^iadaere.atij; hoCpaUononefl tiahira, frd'eJi nt»' 
iHra,ut c(] prirfcipium intrmfecutn motus (jr lhtus.Se(ji (juia in Jt 
fiaumt additwr Jlatus^putanduf^i ef} c<jcium comprehendi.quafi itti ; 

ui compmt , (p femper fu in eoiem Uco . nam fititm'mufrit lif, 
affrduc^fahcm perconf\guratior*em partiunKfuam obfimt ad teri'a, ^ 
atiji is Jiatus ditii^s efi ptr fm\\iiuiintm,nam indcjinitme cumJk 
citttr^/ifuj intcUigenius-rJ} fnivir <ju\t$.<alu^nutcm f noti m$t^^ 




let IfltfU'w, A-Vx.inJcr dixit, ium mouetur magiiaffmUarl^uuti f\ 
mctui:iif> oh cam {fuam diximusx^u fcim.Ad id i<fro,^uod trrtio hs, 
CO fr9ponch(ttur,dmmus,ip nctura r\on fH frofxia indinatio isr pro 
fknjio,<iualis tjl nmerid dd'firmam,i:rjiirmx ad.pfus , ut flacuii^ 
$imfflicio:£iuomam fi hoc tlfct natura nS c[fet frmctf iummomT^ ir^ 
fi'ttUvcjuandoLi adctn proptnfanem It" a^petimm, \nllonlei t€f\\ 
na\i&dmma,uocai monim, Vcrum naturisi ejlt^la msmit. h' firmn^i 
cnmhac fr(}fr>tfiont,iT propfcrfa nomen natunr hihmdinrm f%s^ 
gnijuat'.tfiumit^m'hstcproptnfrQ ir dppetifib innuft \nc\tr>^ont*%\ 
fit ttf iiCixm pcwiictitMl^i (^i-oliminomcn amm pwrw* i7 fif"^ 
m0S Ji^nifnatAmcauiam,i:r par'ff 5'cincren. fnd|uife??iM^7t/<<rtW/ 
te fecundo Vhyftcerum,m fin^y ip ft in ligno rjft t njutfn&ma ^ itf* 
Jet njthrahs frop^Jto idnaucm , won cmm natura Jigmficat /c/uw« 
fropenfiontfii iy inclcmitionerrt,fidi^fttum (^vjit.ah flli(|tt^ 
ciyio. Aitii, iccfrco fccundQ Phyficotum dicitnrvaturamejfe fibflsm 
ti^m.i^Hod pro/e- to: nulla raUone diccremr, jt nan/W ejjti frofcnt] 
ftp iy^<ipf€attt)\cum ctTtum fit propcrj/iowm nontjjefubjlarmaim^ 
ncqt in fubicclo fed ncc fctenttanaturahs dtclturrjfe de propenftosn 
nib. fid. dt rcbus^nam cum dicimus fci^ntiam dc natura, intrlhgimut^^ 
dt reb.Martna igimr (juamws t)iri»csj£rw«tfppf aMf priition^ Mu 
turaU, fta cfl fine e^gfDtlonriatmcn cum dkimus mat^iam tffe nfl^ 
tnram\,tnm innHi^endum ef} dt manria prima ac ahjoluta , fid dcri 
frjojamaide-dn ccmpofm ;■ <j> natura proprw/foncnj hahtat ad t^Min-r^ 
Jirmjm fb^us^f ad nttam , Mannrid porro yrima dictxur nature, t^u^ 
Knus defcrtntiwram,ut /occtwr <jamrt) Mcmfhyfab AuerTOf. Cur. 
nimirano(ttfrofenfTOnemadcertnmJiirmam.^Sedcum i»Jufcittiii . 
ucpnmr,aneca itnt fixnAtura^e^6n.irmui,(nddem haui^ua^i dif i 
ci ionjrdm^aw dictm fccundum nanram Ari/lofclejrcunJa Vhyx-^ 



ficorum.ir ft acciitntia i:r foculttttri cemfarfintur (liaSmemiuo 
C4lur mi\rumtr,mmturiT,cu t^nis non d^al ntj: cfuannus CttUdui.ut 
iaqutt Vhdof fhui lihro dc jenfu, (fLLGniciiuidcmcccidem, foliust 
Jtcuins, naturae naluraiir rationahthui dicttur jccwidum naiuri, 
cnm naturm ^(juatur.isrf^^encram dam naturdm , dat accidentiar, 
(jnx infcciuuntur nauram ftc curn quarcbatur^an aaides cjjct piit 
^f Htm motus Jiiicndum efl,^ fti magis fiaturcr f7icultas,if, quoi aUp 
quidagat (uauilr fhculuitt.Poflrcmo fcrcunmnti annaturainrc. 
SMcafu i:r in oIIk^uo idem figmjicct^rcfpondcndum,^ natura in ret 
B&dcriotiitprindptumejfcniiac motus , fiiw ohhciuo aliquanio Ji> 
gnAtfcrJtrUoncm,i^u€msdmodum Ari/?oftli o^auo tAetnfhyfico^t 
rum^pae funt fojlcriora, jimt ftiora n(itura,ut fuhjiantia efi prior. , 
naturdi aaidfnn,hoc ej}, cfl ferfiEli(mf,i:r fmflicittr frior, A r^; 
im primo Politicorum,dixit,totum effc natura frius fartihus ut etui 
ftrre w;ir Uifuitur it pdrftfcus mattriahhm, ftc dicimus frmdf 'ia ef 
ji nom mtura.hocffl ftmf>licitcr,i:robfcluth fcde^cBus iiintnos 
Um9ks.At(jihocf>a^omttlligcnduvt eft, ^^ca qua jitnt noa nobis, 
nifuntnom natura,idefl fmplictttrtir fuafte mur(r,(^uUdmodu 
fTm:ifia (H^x cu fmt fimflicia fua nmra funtnotn; Ahi^uondo fris 
atAtiaiiirauocantur/^uxnon.^omcant,ncq,rcciprocantur:^o pa^ 
99 Auerrocs ofpcllat prwcipiuw pr'ms natura; quia frimpio dat ; 
tv,cunUa fcifuuntur.nonAUtcm c contra.pojitis natura pricriLnecef 
Jeeflpontrepoftcrtoraut ex pr(edtcamcnhs,cafitcie priori paitt ^ 
Qjiarencmejlidem naturain reclo cafu.quod in obliquo.Nec miru 
f Dittinuj nomen naturce ad plura ddatct i7\ampbet nam dm eius 
Jcifntia, fit comum([tma,debet de conmniffmis nominibm curam bi-.i 
bcre.eiufq, figmficam colligere, A Itamen natura proprie ac precK a 
fuc didtur taijute i principm met us ir ejftndujjendi quidi^ut efi 



aSus ir.iiTlAt;^©* motus vero,utnmt pr^pctiftoncm ad tranfi-, 
mututiontm aiqi gd motum.atq, iccirco latini a!Tcrutrunt,nomcn net. 
tunc figmjicarc hahitudincm.^tt hac dc nnturg,<jud(tnus ah Ari/?. 
i^fcrtbitwr , iiUa Jitismfrajhtia lirUmiic id aus dcjiniaonis fat 
ksACCtiamui, 

i' 

QVARE OEFINIERIT NATVRAM 
: Plnlofofbuscumfttnotnferfc. CapJII. " .^i 

aV« in ?lificls fcrtraclantur.uflii^ frolocfuia (^uadm 
hihentur m Phdofcfhia naturaltic^uare non immcrito du 
litari (cltt.tfuire natura dffinitnttCum fitfcr fi nottt . r,a {fuiefunt 
neiuA pro/o;}uj(2, folum opus hahcnt ttnui mdu^ione.H'is rcj^snde^ 
SmflUiusJocen$ qua ranonc txg^cUihus MturAxhui natura dc^ 
Jinitionem cxf]kuerit,?orrociuhjyllog\fnius hyfothtticm non ex 
fltcat ignom natur alitor, ut re^e monct Aucrrots^fcd ca (^ua no in 
digertt rohuJladcmonjlraHoncieffeUus naturales fyUogifmo hyfo^ 
ihcHco infiruntuT, Dij^ertmtaurrm naturaUsabeffcciibus ahar^ 
caufirumicjuoniamnaturaliacorfora labent pincipium intrinjecA 
ir per fe (fuh moucntur It ([mtjcmVyai ortijxcmlia mvmc , u( pcf 
induBmtm docti \T€loieVsAgiiurnmrati\i me^, principium 
Cffu/2 moncndx c ius in (\uo tj\ , fr'mt Ir fcrfc . V hi ift(rrunt 
i^mdem,ciuca'€ dixit mncii.ReJjondent nonnuSt, iuirco aiiitum fu 
iffetUi^flingueTtiwr natura a t$fofiw cuniM fit lan^) principiit,iii 
fi materia JormaScdhcecinterpretntio nonuideturrefj^ondcre 
ucrhis Pfcilo/f pfci.wc^ji ilia frohamus^V idetur aut,f ttn^i imminuai 
$oncm frinclfii et cacPj^p principiM utre r^cie5,/il id ([uod tjl cxtrt 
rimattria jppe ttjirm^ntmfnnt utr} frmc'tfiafid p onus 



itfinct iici ithet.Sunt eurtm luc (id-Jlantite huiujmoii 'mfttum 
hentrs (^ucmadmodum dtximus olihi m nuecflionibJcmctih.eltir.cM 
turumMqieumimfenim Vhilofcfhus alias {(iiivf 9iknonnutiq>l^^. 
|U8 y ir ^oTtuf ,uocare con(ueuit,(luod fit c^uoddm ueluti r 3rciMmS 
tu,ac froftzTca,€iuf nodi ipctus biud e natura; if natura denomt,n(m 
fclum imfctuf^yfci fit Cdufa 4r ViOtdiS^tr UnfifltnHa m*t}dhs:<pio 
niam utrumc^ conuenit ammali per animam, ucluU itx'imus . Dixit 
forrofrincifium ijr caufim.atcji ilium, ir fonim expofitMc^cum 
tfuinw bActdfhyPfr'mcifium uice dtcitwrtrrn.inusuix.fcd noft cdo^ 
fifUeruvi natura non efl frincifium tnntum, jid ir caufi . Attji dh 
Kit,mnqi ut momumunf natura non j^ilucre frincif ium mocus.fue^i 
$dmoium etrs c^ucp fonitur locotxfmfli,nam ars h^ihct rationcm uca 
re frmcifij,non autrm natura.Prxttrea nmra hahei imfetum sd ci 
qiHC ferjuiunt fuhflandam naturalcmir propfrr hoc dixit tan^s^ 
(juoniam an of€ratur,ut efj^ciat^non aut^m ut rccifint fmrJv8iouem 
in fciffamiWfrum natura bahet impf fuiTj ad ilk ^ ut fcrjkiatur ud 
motu,utl(^u\etcab intrinfeco^ Quibut fic conjlilutis fault fidatun 
quxJliOfUtrum de princifio oBiuo , an fafjtuo locfuatur, mm nature 
notat princifium fimile frincipio motuum in arttbusiX' erum/^uia cjl 
frincipium niotus,ui in fefcrecipxtur^ir ufw juhitUo \n(^H9 'tj\H$ 
U impciuy.idto ii 'ttnpttus'intrriwn.Ariflottli principium pajfiuuftt^ 
nonnunqi HBiu\4fi.noti;inatur.ifUitr^ iedtt asjam Auimniu-Ctif 
^rmf\i\u\ii\%gin\\m ci>nfidtraHcrit rUidelHkidtmtJfe prka^^ 
ir fimentum illui,M^l impctM'n.atifi fc<rc du9 poficfimul in €t}den$ 
fkhicElo rcperirinen) pc h^icre prAnciptum iT' indinatJoncrii ed m9 
iikm isr eum r(Qipfre,nc^ hac duocjfe uni incbwpolJiltUa ut locfui 
■iHrMtfijn 'ij^ii n^kijiciw9, habcr^nth^tia imfetum ad Jitf 

mam 



mam namSfCdmq') redferent. isr {jumaJwoJumin {«7ii's<i) tjl 
fgnU.iieJI fropenfw ai igncm, fi excitrtur ah alio: itu in dcmerttis 
tjl naiura^MX hihu impHum ai motum, f\ ah alio excifrtur , ucl d 
te-noucntt frohibcns,ucl kgenerantc^uiagenerans cum iai firma^ 
iitimfcturrK^uieJlipfitmct firmain mattria. idautcm i^uod remo 
upt frohihen>,hii'*c Jirmam ad molum cxcitat,(ju^ hahci frofcnftof 
ncm id motum. Sec fotuit ii accuratius cx^mfni tiue Vhdofofhui 
cxpUcare ilio cxcmplo , f artis^puta medici. nam ipfc finttanm 
iucit,et ad ca inluccndm no folum dicitur hahere impeium, ucrum 
ttiam eJJicercVerum duplex ejl d ffcrcntia,JimmKm rcctferr,ir 
tfficerc.per acciien5,^U(c in medico coniunguntur; licet pojfmt j}fa 
rari^ueluti \n ^grow.nam i eo finitas recipitur ,^uie a medico effci 
tur, Sed innatura,iUumimpetumnon proprie dicimusejje caufam 
cffeHmam motus,cum non fit uere efficiensSed tanqi efficierfs, ues 
rtus enim utietur,^ recipiat molum.q, efflciat ah intrinjeco: at^ji oh 
id Ariflotelti ait inrerdum elementn ,qu(t funt prima corpora natus 
raha^hah^re frincipiu piJiuu.Af in motih.aioe, no licet dxctie tonf 
frincipiumif anima a corpore non fclum ratione,fid ejjcntia <juoqi 
iijiinguatur.cum animatum corpu5:^uo ad fuum ejje aliud fit ah at 
vima^ licet eJJe animati conueniat fort corpori,ob ammam:ti$ 
men abud ejl (orpus,^ anima, ^ihus fic declaratis lu^uet uerhs 
Arijlotelis nihil infer fi dtjfidere,cum dicat modo hahere principid 
g^iuum.id ejl impetumimodo paffiuum,(iuod ejl a firma in materia. 
nan(\i a firma,nua firma efi.hahetur impetuy.ah eadem ual ut ejl 
inmattris,hUurprmcip\u paffiuu.neqieicouemes,nuodfirma prof 
ter (uam imperfi^mem patiutur.ut efl in materia , ir firtitur ra 
tionem partis, Caterum in animalihus firma, agenii potius obtincf 
rationem ; licet^ut ejl in corfort,n:ulta perpetiatwr, hoc enim ih acs 

N 




m't mcoTfor\i,(^\ioin\outt. isr iffcimtt hniufmodi pajfwnh at^i 
^ffcfuoms e caifed hihcl fotiari rone cauft ir pincipi^,ufluf c 
f liCJuifWtts in <ja<rf?ianifcus it monhus clemcntorum. Su^f flur'mi 
^ui in iuhium ucrmnt.num natu^a fit frimu frinciijr frimn caufi 
motus i:r <fitietis]cum (upremje mcnns,fitoriinint,ntifi reguUnt, 
Utloj^umt ir/titurce opus uideanturcjfe primu^i priyy.ifium^ndm 
kffa ux Untur (y am isr artifici ftmilcs cfjr , ut rf 5rc dixit 
Aucrrocs o^a to phyficorum, ccelhm efi artijcx ir nos fumus ems 
uelun 'tnj}run)enttt. Cutdubitntiontfansficie'r^n'ex ijs cpjx hahet 
Ariiloteles(i iario degener^one unimalvj ,capive pojlremo,^ mitf 
ius f ftiem hk tnftnor , tjui circa terram e(}, .1 *riniu cah, (pit uni^ 
firmis (idifi jemprr fwnlis ell ,re^ul(iiur:etiam ft prcprrr mdter 'nt 
iof'iQix}, iy w Jcfcr'ninjfiancm , pnfpnt firtumeuentus oborxrL 
Attmi.ciuamuis cxlum ordinet nHnrce ^nclmesjkcturci' primS 
friyictpiu; non ( (I prime m compofuo mturali,ut natura.Qua prop? 
fcr cxlum ell primum alterdns; wen tnmen ef] in iflo,in tjuo c[J mius 
YA,iiCfVi'n ah feiun^itur. M atura autem efl ptmcxpmm motut pri 
mum i.1 i!lo in cjua e(\. fiiddidit porro icctrco primo c^uod mea c^uidtm 
Jintentia,pro proprie accepit,aluer profvBo libroPoperiorum'as 
naliticorum nam kic pro proximo isr immeduro capit.(fuQmodo dich 
wuscaufamproxtmm elfccaulamprimam. ccc^erum lUud per jc 
ir non per accidens.non determinat cau(am\ (cd e^'e^um, ut recipi 
iur injutieclo. dixit pri7io,<ju3 innuit impeVim ac mcUnatione 
ejje principium proximum ac immediatum : ir dixit per Je iy non 
fer accidens,(^uo detn»iinat effeUum ut in fubie8orecipUur,ueluti 
dtxi, adeo ut ah artt di(}inguatur natura duobus . fi(^uidem in arre, 
inuno eodcm(^i fuUeSo non ejl imf cms a J motu^n frino ; nc 



miBit f f r /? iJ/uw wofuw , ulinnaturMus effeSilus ufu uenlU 
mm in mcdtco,ui medicuscjl, ejl rr.edicina fritrb , ciiu.fu froximd 
CAufafamtatts induccttda; ; tiontsmcn per Jc rccif 'tl Jmmm , ir 
lit medicus, in ft (€ nanq, hac dijlmgumur , i," fub aha rauonc in^ 
firt fanimnm^ir (ub alia eccifit. ({utfft m^umum medicus,eft fii 
nitntiscaufa;at quatznui agcr frccifiiearr. fiitincr.tibus.Lr effe 
Uibui naturalihui uhi ejl frincifium frmum ec froxirrum inclina^ 
tionis admotum.ihi afl receplif} mtus. t^oncp ^rgi^Mi^ 

fcr lc,i.T noT per acciiens : nam frimum dcnrminU fmcipis 
umfijr fer fc reccfnonem motus. In his <jUir eutniwu ca fu , mow ej} 
frimum frin'cifium id e(l froximui impetus ad effictumjcla mm 
matrri!\efl tiufmodt eutntuu coufi , utfextd friwit fhilojcfkiit 
Vhilofcfhus dedarat Ac propcTrcd in coclo non refcriiur cafus quiA 
non ejl wateria eiufdem rJtior.is , cu bac noUra. Vroinde in Im qua 
cafii €ueniunt,ef] pincipiMw, id e/l froximacaufa non dcttrminan, 
fed per accidens : otq\ in his qu^r jiunt ah aTte,quamuh fit princifi^ 
um fcr fcytamen non in eodem fubiecio fcrfi juh aha rone ejl prins 
iij^ium, effiiiendi ir faiiendi,cum hcec duo fojjmt Jcfararija^'eif 
j(iungantur,Quodfjmihioli)Ciestx AuerroefOrtemfcloindif f 
in eodem fit prinapium mcuevsiir ars fcltandi, Dicam eaefjcdxs 
ucrjd,nanqi ficulm^ fenjiis^cfl p rincipium fwcueus ; ^ uno a^ui 
modus irr.ponatur id fjjcit T7Jcns,(|u« non ejl principium mctus.Qud 
re It fifiat ab eUciione,qu<z imferai oUui,ac regula ejl princij j* 
mouentis: atmmen frimum ft mcifium ejl jicultas.quit efl inmus 
fiulis ac menbris. Quoii ft injles.rationcmfcltandi/mammantilus 
que q, rati one carenlilus corffici,futa caniluis Vrfis : atq, ii 
genusreliquis . Dicoea arus quandam imagir em habere quemai 
modumoclauo de Hijlorta animarMm doul Arijlo. froft^r ufum 

M ij 



iJ!j> df>hj!hedni memorii.tfuiaimoid tt ffittacusexfrimit humanl 
uerba.no iH arte aut rone, fei u[u el memoria,u€luit cofiofm doca 
imus bkfri. prima fhtlofofhici^Qutre no pojfum frobare id quad 
rnkt \uerje am falmnii^i jccudo Phyfi,ltttf,uttrt fummacotrd 
hamus ta c^iix diximus (juo fiicihus memories mandcn^r: dicimus na 
turam ejji pnncif ium ir caufm motus ijr ^uicrts: atqi hoc ad caus 
Jim effictenttm,uel id (fuod jc habct ut caufa cfficims, rjfe reftrcns 
dam. Etftrmommiyc{uic(emmtTUigemu% dijjofitiontm rerum 
fublunari4m,acfuhjlatiarum naturalium.nam (^uce mouentur fclMm, 
ucluti corpora cxlefiia,hah€nt Jlamm,^ fmt eodem m loco;Lr (fuie 
Irwi fecundum p<trfps;^M<f tamn non cfl utre <jiKif5 , cum nunqi (oie 
modo fc hjhcant parttsM^ct tumm fit fcmpcr in finc,ut diximus fus 
fra, fic .juif ({uicfcunt fcmper,i7' fx partis eorum habeant propcns 
ftoncmaimotum;non dtcuntur ucre (juxefccre ir moucri. Quo c&s 
ca nec dc ca:lo,nec de ttrra.ut centrum cj\,dicitur natura hacked Je 
mcdiji.c^ucc ali^uanJo ({lAiefcunt^lr alufuando mtmentur, It de trr 
ra,non ut centrum, fedut ej\ corpus nctturak, habcns propenjwnem 
•d motum It quietem \tq^ tUui cius in quo ejl primi ac per fc exs 
dudUCitlum'^uodirftJit prima caufi. non ef{ tnmen proxima. 
^tre non its inter pretmur,ut Gra-ct, fedut Anjhtelcs habet ocF<f 
110 Phyftcorum. Secludttur etiam mttUetlus d hac rati one cum nom 
fit prmctpium motus,ut immcdtatn caufaifed pr'mci^um mouemefl 
focultns fenttendifjuceeJlinmufcuhsAllud autrmir nonperacci^ 
dens,determinat principium recipiendi;nempe naturam non per accis 
dens recipere motum, ad quern habet propenfwnem ut medt:um qui 
nunqi ut medicus,ePproximum ir primum principium medendi ic 
Jinandi:tnmen non recipit finitatem ut medicus, fed aha ratione,que 
i medico pot f€farari,nempe ut (Zgtr . A( in rtmra hxcfeiun^ nes 



ijucunUnm jusi i/i ni'mra ej] frincifium indindhonis di motvw in 
Hlo.in (fuo noi jJfiJritiir.nf t\m ranonc fi frodu'Xit,reciptt, 
f coicm pmcifj'to , ({uo impeUicur ai motum rtcifiH (Juo^i motum, 
it ^U4muij hab(at imfcmm una rAtione.ncmft ut aUus matma; ct 
recipMt,urcompo/itum:<itawfniJe/we/?prmcip:tt»w frox'mum im^ 
fetus irrczeftioniy Hinc intcUigfre fi^le fottris,} & fx ac?io cS 
uen\atfirma,mm':nc(iufa nuarchahcat imfetum ad id <juo<i rccifi 
debet m fc iffo,eJ} forma m matericuCaliiims enim ut in^uii Ari/lo 
fries primo de Generatione, ftjef>araremr a fubieElo.froduceret ca 
lorem,nontamenfaterew.t<ec firma dtcitur habere inclmauonm 
idmotumrecifiendum.nift ut ejl m materia.Ucet adiffum froducen 
iumpoffetabmttUeciuintelltgi.nontnmenm fe iffo froduceretur, 
nift effet affeclio fummi ferficiens.cuiufmodi ejl iffum inielligere, 
(fua e a^io manes i iteMu intcUtgentiaru ut bb, de humana nxie 
exfhcauimu!.Saturicu€romji^tus,& 'mclin4tio;non ejl nifi adrc 
dpiendum matumr^r propter hoc potius appe^amr principtum pafs 
ftuum ab fiirijlotele |i a^iuum.ut diximus : Ncc le moueat id (juo J 
habet Grammaticus , f ^riJloteles non defcriplerit naturam , fed 
opus naturce:(iuoniarn Naturals pipponit fubjlantiam ir aei\den%\ 
ac cognofat.iT- 'tn<luirit cunUa,ut refiruntur ad motum uel recif iU 
dum.ueiproducendum.M primus ?hdofcfhui ea,ne*rpeanfitfuh 
flantia uelauidcns, perfcrutntvr,?orro eorum <{u<e fiunt ab eleElios 
nc,elecliononeJlf€mper mtiumproducendtudagendi,cum eleUio 
mm fecui eorum <{ua m fllijs tfuir in {e ip/o rf cipiuntwr /ir princu? 
fium ui doeuxmus in libra ^nhomo fpontc fua fiM bonus uei malus^ 
/itqi hcec de ranone naturae brcuiter dida fint, 
VTRVM CAVSA EFFlc'lENS POSSIT 
appehri natura jicundum Arijlotelcm* Caput, I III. 



STwplicius,^ud»ruls f\h\ff: rcn ftis ccnjlm ofirctir wfcm 
efficicnnm reccnjinah Ariflonk intrr ca c^ua nonitne ncturx 
figmficanntr]\dq;innwf[€ rx€mf lo meii&aifo ut natvra cowfre* 
btndat^ma(iriam,Jdrmarn,generationem,qu<r cf\ m<x \ nsturam, ir 
cauQim cjfiiienttm.V crm h,xc non xcjj onitM ucrfcij rfcilo/cpfci. 
ffc^uidcm ipje diJlinxU cnujatn fhckntem Isrmouent^m a nacura, 
i:rifuamq) mouem latins fatrt, utconjlat exUhro trrtio VhyfiCQ 
rum ijr pjry*o de Ceneratiomitamen cAufa fnii^ns, isr mouens dif 
atur namahs^non auttm nama,cii^ non f\i in lUo cuins ef\ narurtfw • 
Ccncratio c^mkm dicinkr mtura,(^u\a uia ad natirm/^tnorr.xncii 
Rir^i nama a tirmino ad c^tm fro^trai^at a^tm dici meruit yiam 
ra oh id Cjiiod froducat naturam.Bcne tamen dkitir naturolc,(iuom$ 
agit ficunium ordinem mmcr. cauja uironaturolis dj^p(!i.in.r c<L 
(pt<r efl prin ifium unde motui naturalis oritir,ut docct | hilojo^ bus 
Secundo Phyficorum,ijr nono ftimcp ht(t,t<ihilon.mus naj 

turahahet fmilitudinem cum cauja eff.cier.rt rctione motus ifu ir 
cum cau(a matrriali in (juantum motum rejjiot.Qcnjcmucrgo cau 
fm efftciemm wKmamro' fjgmficata non ejje admiclcndam : fed 
diccndur. eJJe ,f rind f \um unde motvs, ?A licet fiimus fhilofifhus 
affellct caufam efficientem em,(fu<r fine motu mutnUcno], rfjicit; 
quahs efl Dcusiotwmen eiufmodi agens nuncufatir.f er fmdmdis 
nem.nam ogcn^ uerum,nomiv(ittir fviCies f cum tynnfmututioneo^it 
isr oferatvr'Jidrurqi frincifium unde moms, fiitq, hcec ejl uera na 
turahs a^io,qu(e oferatur cum motu.tinc enim midit frouentui et 
confccuUo,ut tradit Auerrces duodecimo frin <r | /; lpffh(e . Nf<fi 
Arijlotelcm in fequenn concedenda ejl creatio.isr quce dicitir ema 
mtio'.cum isr Alexander neget,Dcum ejje caufam n^icicntim mi 
di, fccundummumilicct Jem fer genu ct mutidum yjecundumfar^ 



fitrem uocat fit km AriJ}otf:les caufa-n n :n»ralcrn,Non tamcn nas 
$Hram:nec a^entii , nift ut juni principh unlc moius in nuofunl ir 
fhclcnUdfio^riha ur nimrd Nf<p miranium cj} , (^uarc Ariflotilcs 
dicatfdlia cffc.na^tr froptzr alus cauja^ : nam ftr aim caufis, 
Deum,cl€Tmeni,caJu'n,Lr amm hfe//'j^it. Omncs emm hcc caui 
faffuntc^ncn^s ut icptimo prhice fhiloliphi<e traJititr h- primh 
ccch.uhi Df U'Ti It numam r.Mfruflra fictrtth- per nam 
ram^cauja n mmnlem cHh'icn^m innlltJit . Qnnr€ diccnium ep^ 
na-uram tlx cjpi fro rerum namralium cong^crie , ir amflfjimo fii 
gn'ificanjt.cum jtt,nafuram nihil frujlra fhccre-.at fcic.uh dixit 'Ucti 
dam funt a na(uri,noturam tfccrpif pro cauja agentr , ir f^o pnncu 
f 'lo impeUintr m tUo in .|uo f // ; proprie fcAicct nommc natnr<r ufus* 
Forro cfua dfcauQ cxcmflum aras {vent aiiur\^um,tamjlipra dos 
caimur.jturc ita frnxi huk 'imponatur,ut dc jxnt a^mus^ 

DE CAVSA FINALI Cap.V. 

fi*)C tnncfi cauf^^rum prcrcifUJ.ir omniu caufiyum caufa aus 
Jpictthimur.hxc cnimownes alias iatfas,f'Ue or fmrirt naturales, 
fiue et (Uclio ir,^'4<r per ji dncm al (fuemj:hi ffrfmhunt prcpo^ 
fwnf^i , mnuct 0 (ju^d fatis docel materia ir firma, {dt quihus fli^u ■ 
Je/flfjs hhro prima d'(futttuimus,)atii, iija caufa tfficicm . \erum 
Cu nomen finis primu in^ri fcleatifci^e lc(t , nos la no Icq de eo Jinc, 
{fxi per (tp<;t& noflra aitingtrt mnmur,fMi Df us tjl btmdiUuiiM 
fwn^i cupimus a^milari \dc\, ex xpfm naiw a injiinUu ac ffxfctif 
. ' {id ic CO fi*ic,^ui no^ri Aclionc wjc juuur, juiij, nihil ahud cjl^^i 



$tmm5 i noils e^cBus,ai(^ue frolucilu ^ufii meJijS, ci ^uo^i 
ordinc connndimui , ^ui finis in uirtutt agcfiUs cjje dthtt* See 
he kco,(jttoi \riflotrlcs fiicitfccunio?bj^fKorum, nccejfc €^{ di 
flmguerc finan (tuo,h- gratia cuius tCuwiJ cx uerhisipfm Phi 
bfofhi (aUi f flflctft. circa fincm igitur, gratia cuius agens mouct,fi 
ue ex clc^ionc, fiuc impetu naturali agat ncR -a hdcc ciuitjlio ucrs 
fibitur. Ac primum in iubium uocamus ic caufa finah . num idem 
J\t finis gmerationiSfh' id (fuod per gcncrationm fit . nam ijuamf 
uis dicat fiirifl.finegenerattonis cc jirmani,tfi f:rma no fit,f(d cop* 
fitum, ut iiximus jufcrxm lihro.^uod cnim cjl cocretum ex mn 
teria It firma. atqi iccirco ingeneratione duo uidentur fieri . com 
flurib, ui Utur fstius ee diccre,ee cocretu id <juo;i (Jf,!j> firwi auvd9 
^uiiem adefto eo (juol coaceruatur ex materia It- Jirma,gencrati9 
cejfat Deinde,idnuncufaturfinis,<^uodgenerans fofiremum fibi 
frofonit : fcdgenerans foflremo fibi ftofonit hminem, fiUum, 
dc per eum jirmam ; It in fi)rmm matetiam . Igitur id (juod fit 
eum fit compofitum, gratia cuius agens operatur,if\huc debet dici fi 
nii. At] ArtJIoteles fiicit fi>rmm,finem,iT non id ^uod fit ex get 
ntratione. Intuit enim primo de generationejnjihxub, prdejintib.in 
materia cejfat motus,iT in (icundo Phyfi firma eft finis generath 
wis. Quo circa poems reprehcndU,(iui mortem finem ejfe dixerut, 
finis en\m non folum fig*Mfic(itultimum,jedbonum, Deinde dubii 
taturanages naturalea fine perficiatur^puta an peter generans fi 
hum perficiatur , filtuff, fit eius perJe^io,uerum ut priori fatisfis 
atp^uidam amnt,^uod terminus tvtals.fit compofitum^isr firmalis, 
fit firma : uerum hoc no probamusjnec arriiere pojje Ari(loxli pus 
rnrwur : ^ compofitum,^ da ccmpofitum ,uere dici n^t^ueat ttrminusi 
^ ahcra elus pcTs,puta ^r atiriaX<{uamuis fiat pars, eo ^uo dixituus 

modo) 



mo3o ) non fimplicHer acciput effe, proptrr Jum m ietfmmths 
nem,ncqifiatahfclut} ,fed Jirma accipitejfe ttrmimtum^non tame 
ejfe materia ^uia fx hoc €j[ct,gign(retur,vec cjjct attrna : Jed cac 
f it cjfe ttrmnatum^hoc ejl ejje huius firnnr^tiua Jit in anu,i:r pars 
huius compofjti. Qua proptir cum alnra compojxii pars,non abji. 
lute dicatur Jicri : Ideo fiirijlottlcs non dixit, id quod Jit^eJJe fincm 
gfitioniSfJcd firmd,^ ea Jmplicxtvr acctpiat el[c,^a antea non erat 
nrc in matem in aElu , nec in Je ipfx^ut iam Jupra demcnjlrauimus, 
N€<}i ia adduHa difiinElio de ttrmino Jhrmali , ccftili a\i<^d iuuat: 
na ttr minus t unus^isr c jxnii generation ^u<r e Jcrma^a qua mutatiOi, 
rationem mutationis fumit fimpliciter ; ir fecundumquidfUelalKf 
rationis i:r generationis ut aiunt, N cqi hoc quod dicitur •firmam 
eJJe terminum quo^ir compofitum ejje terminum quod,e[\ Peripa$ 
tetice di^um ; cum Jvrma fit Jinis quo ir quod: Jed quod Jit.ejl co^; 
foptum gratia cuius ejl Jcrma produUa in materia. Quarc genes 
ratio entitas, perJcUio oUualitas^ut utar ipfirum nerlis^ejl per ras 
tionem firmce,tan^> percau(am,ac pariem.formaautem non dicitur 
ueregigm,ejfeqi id quod Jit, per Je,ut fatis docet Ariflotrles duode 
cimo prima phtlofcfhie.isr ratio in promptu ejl] ^ firma fwiplex 
fit,neqi ex tHo Jiat,tanq, ex parte.^od ft alii^uando dicitur Ah Art 
Jlotele, firmam fert,id non pgnijicat aliquiddijlinnum a mutntioit 
ne.i^uia mutntio ejl Jcrnm dminutaquee cum ahfcluitur, defimi mut 
taUo.\amcumdicit,c^ halitib.pr a fcntih,in materia cejjat motusiinf 
teUigit f a^lio perficitur^iT' compofitum fuBumeJl. forma igitur 
hahet rationem caufig, propter quam compofitum JitieJfc perje^lo*, 
It conypof}tum dicitur Jicri per Jvrma,quia cum ipfi non adejl^neq; 
com^ Uta ejl in mattha,compcJitum non dicitur Jierl Non ejl ig itur 
duli(tindum,quarejirma dicatur terminus nonautzm ccmpof.tum: 

O 



r 



to CttTi fn J]mf>lcx,(icuium tetum accif'it cjfc isr frofttrcA dicitu 
Jims,nemfcutcaufi,i7' ut fmflcx.ltaqi cmfleta gencratione co 
pictws ffl a3u5 compofiti.ir fhHuseU . atf kcirco firmi r\r(^ua^i 
iicimr gtntriTX , ^juia ai cam haixd concurtxi , nifi t^uatcms caufi* 
Quod ft nualo rcfcr'm gcnerari mattriam isr fir mam: hoc dumr^ 
full Jirma cducitur,nam cum natura jibi non frop^At ecu fccpum 
firmmjcd compofmm, ( firma cnim tanntm habetur ut concaufa, 
ir ut pari) fer acc'tdem cam dicmui gi^ni.Sk materia (jttOr|;,t|ud»t 
do fit pars copoftti,dicitur per acc'tdcns ficr'iQuibHS itn explicates, i: 
ttUiges tjuiJ uclint iOi ^jui aiunt matcrim gcncrari (iibiccliuc,Jirma 
ttfro firmalittr^iT' compofmm trrmmatiuc,ut tvtitm.Lkct ciufmos 
dinomma tvtam rem potius confuniant,^i cxplkcnt, Quarc hoc mo 
do res ej} ffcrc'tficndi/iatura non profonit fihi fcrmamjcdcompoji 
lum,£fuod fitgigncti fmtlc: \gitur proponn ftbi f^rmam in materia^ 
ifuodcfl compoftmm-.iiujc ({utdem firma eft rei natura.uclun diHum 
fiiit,(ju<r una cum materia conflimit compofMim iy naturatum , ut 
Ha dicam Cumip concurrat ut caufa.ir fars,{ nam ut diximus natu 
ta nan proponit fibiiUam frimo ac petfc, ) ex accidcnti generatur. 
Similiter h* materia. \t(^i hoc paBo dduuntur omnci ranones , c^utt 
hjnc fententiam demoliri uidcntur;nam cum dicitur, cp \n omni mom 
debet ejfe terminus per fe.hoc (^uidem ucrum c//, juw fcmpcr firma 
ter^h'inat generdtionem;non tnmen diciwus ipfam per ]c fieri , id cfl 
ah Jgcnte natur^lv.no enim cam fibi per je propmi.Sic ncc ea ratio 
ualet, firma ej\ per fi terminus.ergo per fc fit, nam .lua^Mis firma 
fit per fi terminus, mmen cum nonfiat^nift ut pars, non per fi fn /|, ' 
cet fcr ipfam compofmm fi(tt,tayiq-> per cvif^^m i? partem . cv a-fs 
naturale, materia (juoqi proponai Jtbi jaccrc p^^rtecowpofti^ad'-oui * 



If/3 ySrwtf fit caufi,{fmre miterla fiat fdrs. Ntf w nifi e mattria eli^ 
ccrctur firma,uuqi non ficrct pars. una enim Jirma cj\ caufi , (juarc 
comfofnufiaVjiir (fiarcmattrixfanm aUuJiatfUTshum €ofos 
Jiti.Dcinde.cum icmonjlrm conmrjvrmafcr pre 
Cfdit tutu in ejf/f mm caufa.ex (\uo infirunt,ergo frxccdU inge 
ncrari,^uia iUa caufa fr(ecedit in cj[c\, cumgcntraUo pxuditgCm 
ntrationc copofiti,ne(], unap^cncrdtme utraifigignitur.V' ejjtondcn 
du cfl, f h(cc fit di^erentia infer caufiis extrinfccas ir inirwfi'cas, 
f fjfc cfficicntis fr(ecedit,nef fin.ui fit cum regenita ijr effrfiu. 
qutmadmodudocct duodecimo tActufhy.Arificteles.at caufa intrin 
jica,puta fir ma fimulep cum eo CUIUS e[lfirma,aho(fui non cjfct 
firwi froftia iUiu$,cuius efi firma . Quare cum olijcimr, /p cdufi 
frccccdit rcm.inttUige de cauja cxtmf(ca,futn e£icientt , no autrm 
de,inmnjcca,(iu(eqi e/i intra rcm.t^ eqi gcmratio firma , frxcedit 
gencraijone cofofitiiSed utraq una tadtwiji gcneratiene oritur : f 
ccfofimm hahcat unu cjfc cu firma.quauis jccur^daria fignificatio^ 
ntjCompofitu connoltt aliam farte.Quare^ijuiahalcnt unuejfc dis 
cunt rhilofcfhi fi^rmamir comfofitu fignificare frimo idemiquaf 
altzra farte.ccu comfofitumficundario norct, A tqi ut inquit A) ifi§ 
t^les,(junrtv frimirfhi!cfcfhi€,qu^ fiunt tad€m,unagtneratione ge 
n€rantur,cademqiCorruftionc corrumfuntur.^fi ijr alia ratio , qua 
nituntur proharc firmam ftr fegencrari , quoniam id fctius itcitur 
generari,quod fccundum omncs fitas fartcs ac ftcundum tvtumgenc 
tatur.Sedfiirmageniratur fccudum cmncs fiuas fartrs,conifofitum 
uero fccundu una , futa mattriamiigitur firma fotius dicitur fer ji 
g1iari,qi cofofittu.V eru huic ita fittsfict , f r.o uidetur ro gtnerari 
ficMn fiybr 0€spar(cs;<]a ftmflexcPfOCfrofttrea uocaturfnis gc 
neraUoiSMcru id quod ages nAturalc Jihi frofoit dicimus f^rfigigni 

O 5 



flimm cjl ccmfojiwm ir won firma,Quoift injlalis compofitu 
ficunim unimfarttmgeneYatnr,nm mdttm haui(^uaf,glgr.inir» 
Diccnium tfl^ f matrtia ut ^if fars.gencratur , ir fub hac firmaz 
Verumut JuhicHufn tr fm huius comf>ofiti,(leftmt ejfe^non' auic 
Ut m{i:rrict,cum pgnljxctt iniettrminationiinam ut mdtem It (uh^ 
Jlantia,fottntia cj} atcTMfi^ux per friuationcm notat firmam des 
t€rm\rramm,iT dcfmit tjfc, Dup/icI trgo ratione deficit, turn ut 
lkclm,iT pfl« compofiti;tum ut mattr'ta,(fustttnus denotat defers 
fninatnm f>ottnti<im ^idcertnmJirmam^itHmnqi Vhilofophus frimo 
Fhyftcorum,ait earn per friuatiancm cjfc corruptihdem , idifi nobis 
ftgmfxcamt Kltx.lilro prlmo dc anima cap, z. uh) cum de materia 
frima ioijuieurm^juif,SiwpI/ciu»n corporum materitcmtiritu5,in pro 
frice firmx ahicUi^nc confijliCEjl igitur firma finis gcncrationii^ 
Jid id ^uo J fuhfjflit fitffjlf id (^uod agem fibi proponit.Duhtatur 
fTirttrea dehomine f cum fit compofiwm corruptioni ohnoxium, 
firma (B cjl attrna.nam anima ir intchUui pibfiantKt funt ecter 
nx, M ulm dc hac rc diximus in libro de mente bumana,fcd ut cjuce^ 
dam fiib typo nunc repetamu5,(juo duhmtiioni fitisfiiciam, dico ants 
mam,ciuce eduSaeJlde ma(eri(egremio,eJ[e corruptioni obnoxiam, 
inttUe^umq'thaudefJe ieternum.fedoririir occidere. Etcfuamuif 
hoc orthoiororu fiddrefiag€tur,(^ua anim^c <etemitatem adjlruit: 
ittnmen Vbdofopho id fiiit ignotum,uel fitltem im fiat coa^ui ajjes 
rere,iiuod plurimorum dubiorum ambages alias fjfugere nr tfuluf^ 
rit.Promde ubi iam fatis fiterit dcclaratum,(^uo paclo fi)rma fit ters 
minus acfim5generatidnis,reJjfondendum efi alteri obie^ioni , ^uei 
ftmlatur num agens ingeneratione fiti fmilis perficiatur, Did^ 
mus itacj;,^ agens in bis f Munarihus per fiiaa^ionem perficitur, 
efi cmm a^iionis i:r opens gratia Atidcm in fiiofimdi effe&u perfis 



dtur ((wrpcfer effcElum Jit f^^cia mfiruatiOtatf tta nuoiammoi 
l^jit xtcmmxii particfpSfajjWMturii; itjs fnhm xttrnitatz fvcs 
celfmiis,lLf< "ow cxijkntia.Quam oh rem ait Ariflottles in Oec9 
nomico,(p <jui matrimonium (^cmt, D(Oi Jptrnerc uiicmr:^ Dcu$ 
fit (Ptrrnims.atii} ob il^M Jtji dixit gencralijftmm cJfc.gignercftU 
fmilcf appctim (juoJdw namrah unum^juoicj; fcmpcr ejfe k^iks 
nUQi^ifimxh'iohijcm hmctjfcUum pojjek diucrfis agenohus 
generari; f Socratti i ?lmne per acciicm gcncrctur. Dico, jf So# 
cratts,utefl a Pl(ifone^enims,buJ^Ufi^; eji per accidens^licet Qrdo 
ft per a:cidens,nempi aui^aut proaui.non enim ad Socratis genera^ 
tionem necejfarius /uit auus,^ auo corrupto, a patre jierit genitus, 
\/erummcaufiS(iU(Z hahent ordinem ejfentialem ,fojlerlor caufi 
ne({mt effeBum fuum dtrk medium producer e^nxfi intercedat prior. 
Quare dixit fiiuerroes oHduo Phyficorum^canfas fmgulares hdhe^ 
re ordinem per acciiens. N ec hie effeHus pot alio tempore idem pro 
duci,(iuiit fc(iueremr,^ idem poffetreptuuciuodreluBatur Ariflot 
ttli<iuinw ?hyficorum,(iui ait,indiuiduaiam JiUanopojfe reflitui, 
ne({i redircQuod fi infles,ej[e idem agens.eandem materiam, cans 
demHipotentim:igitur€undemeffeUum,Hmcmultifiriam rejjfon 
deri potep.primum.rion effe pojl ortum Socratis eandem hAlitvdine 
agentisaImateriam,Sunt(iu\ dicant,noneJfceandem potentim ai 
Socratem,eoortv,producendum,atciiiccirconm effe eundem effee 
^um,<jui alio tempore producitur. Itatfi ^Uiimuls fit agens proximum 
idem,eadem(ji materia,baud tamen erit idm cjfeBui cum produ^o, 
fed fm\lis,(f haheatcafdem caufis\i:rfi approximatio{ut fic dica) 
ijr potentia no fit eadem,neq> in diuerfs temporilus erit eadem mu 
tatio^<iuam^i idem eft agens^ir eadem materia. Uidem de ommhus 
muattiombus iiccndum t^,nempe eafdem mutationcs ituerfs icmt 



for'ilm non fojfe orlnSei fi cevfit ffoxma erunt edlcm.fimiles 
froducentur.Quhii fi dicas, accidentia, fojfe ah agents uniuoco atip 
i[([u\uocBgigm,ut doccnt Vhdojcphi , cum fmt jvrmit iwpfr/c^r, 
entiaimmmuta.KeJjwridcOyf Huamuis ^ud/itefrs a diucrfn age 
tihus fofftnt producuSmilcs aimcn,non auttm numcro cadem fros 
ducuturSk isr fajfw,quce infirtur fenjui, ir (fua finfus afficitur^ 
{(^uam fhlojofh't nominant jcnfationem, ) pofrf? (juidm a dmerfis 
0gentihus fmilis (jfici , hon tamcn eadcm numcro , licet fenjus non 
agnojcat fnrioris ac pojlcrioris difcrmtn, Hinc fii,ui ft duo ouafcn^ 
fii interdm offer antur,ah(iuo inter fofito fc»rporc,« nefieat alteri 
Mb altera JccermcAlcii ita hizc duhiatio diluatur^ 

AN FINIS SIT NATVRAE ACTIO^ 
num terminus fuh horn Jjtcie* Cflf. VI. 

PErohfcuranol'n oloriturjifjiuditiojum icfuhrimus , an finis, 
fub raticne ac fleck honi inter caufas recenfcatur.nam ciuihuf 
dm baud ignobikb.fhilofofhis fuh ratione malt Jincm (fuoip nos mo 
ti^reuifumeJI:ycrumpAulofop,cumdcJf'ecichusac caufn dijfcs 
remus,(juantnm u^leat huec fetitia dncehimusAtnqi iam, (fualis fu jt^ 
niStquem caufttnaturalcs fihi frofonunt,aferiamus:cui deinAe, de fi 
ne fropttr(juem caufi cogno fcens operatur , dijputntioanntEictur. 
E/? igitur mmnduertendum,dupUcc5 effecaujas nemfe perje.v^ 
fer accidemxumiji caufa per accidens , certum fihi non proponat fit 
nem,nc caufa (fmdem Jinalts certum cauQm efficier.tem ohtindit,nift 
foerit cauja nccepna. Quare cum ijuffritur dt mode caufa: finals, 
nort<fU(frhurdc ca,ut rejtrmr ad caujas per ecciim \fcdancaufk 
ferji ej^ciem moueatur a fine . Define iJttur ej} hjuerJu, cuius 



nc$,cum cas uideatur hatcrCytluce finna ccueniunt, inquik neccjfa^ 
fio caufx fnaks refcriuntur^Condmdnes autcm firmafmt ptrjis 
iere eJJ'eqiit-tih^X^&x matcrict.isr tcrminarc Vcrum caufi Jinalts 
lii Mit bomtattm ac ^crfe^mtmji qua ortMtn hahct, ut agcnti cos 
fdraturtiy afpctitionm . Et ^uoniam entia <juia funt a^u lona ac 
fcrfcBaaJfimtlantur Jini ultimo, hoc cj\ DcoOfXMax.ip- ra^ 
Uoncjiniijmni ohtintt rationem:froftirra diuinum, oftimum i^ 
apfchbile uocmr Jinis. finis igitur naturals hahct fuam hafm aic^ 
origmcm a firmd^atf, ah a8u, Quod figwjicare uoluerunt ij, qui h 
Cunt,honum.fcqui a^um , ir malum fOKntiam, Af^ji idem ajjercrc 
uidetur Philofcfbus frimo de generatione ammalium^cum inquit pa 
nimus caujaru genera quituor numcro,frimum cuius gr aha, ut fine; 
ficundum fuhjlanticc rationequx quifi unum (^uoddam fire cxiflin 
manda funt.Qwn jicundo Vhyficorum , uocat (^ccicm firmam^ 
ir exemflarO'rationcm.iT quod quid erat tffe: quoniam natura 
affctitu huius firmaj'acit caqux fhdt quod ucl indc liquet, quontf , 
am ea adeftu ^ceffat a^io : ^ ad earn , uduti feodum , omm na 
tura mutatto de(}inetur, Paret igitur , q, namra dum fihi frofo^- 
nit Jirmam , bonum inrendtt, Verum apfellutur firma , ut datefft. 
It maxexiam ferficit : dicimr uero bonum, ut termnat apfeti^ > 
turn naturce.atqi in ea appetitus agentis quiefcit . Sed quare non.inc 
tur exemflar fmfhcius cum Mexaudro dijfentit.Cenfet mm Ale . 
xander, tm fhrma q'lx ^oducitur , quam frodutens uocetup.* 
exemplar . c^uifpe jvrmi frodu^la nominatur exemflir ,xfuta na 
tura cunUd qux opcrjcur , agit ultimte ferjeclionis dej'^trio, 
quae trrmxnui ej] munitiom ,1:; in qua ay*^ev.m uidmr acquirjct - 
rc. Vyctftitr dmH i:r agen, exem'^lvf, adirrjlar ^ua Jirmx'^ 



4ilt««i ^olucitji iion|]?ecic fm'iUmfiltcm^encre prop m(ju<fm. Ve 
rum primum froiucit \i ({uoi hahi fotcntiam alterm effcUus fro 
ximi,ncmfe fmul flfrji inMum jimc cfl in uterum.iffum hahci fos 
tcntim moucndi ad aUum froximum e^eUum (jui hahct fotentiam 
moucnii fibi immcdiatum c^eBum,doncc homi ferjiciatur: atcjj iM 
pcundum c^uofdam nunieros,4ic or dines ifla olitur mumtio, (^uouftp 
ahfoluatur id (juod natura fihi frofomi,mp (juidimfedierU: no (jui^ 
dm ficundum frackUionem, uel cogmtionm : ScJ oh nemralem 
4^uandam fropcnfmcm,ktfj^ccies fiructuu(iutpfe nihil fiipfumge 
Herat, Jed JiruatAtq, iccirco com f lures dixerut^'^gcm in juo fmdi 
ferJici.Hanc forro naturdm Alexander dppfOtK rationem quod om 
fiia ordine ac menjura ^udpiam feragaLnuando(iuiJem nihd in nam 
n ejl inordinatu,ut dout.Vhdofcfhus oclauo Ph^ftcorum . atq; i/i 
natura jicundo dcgennaUone,nuncufatur ratio . E[l ir aha ratio 
<lU(e oferatur pf r cognitionem ^u<r ueri ijr fcla ratio did meretur, 
nam natura fer fmilitudmem $ f>f ellatur ratio ; oh ordinem fcilicet^ 
^uem in agendo (eruat Catfrum Alexandri banc fintitiam Simp/i 
tins ucBicdr,(ju<rre«s (fuomodo firma ekmcntarii did (^ueat exem^ 
' flar.Vidcmr enim (^uod res ^ua uocatur exemflor fit froduSa,no 
0Utem egens.Verum refponderi f ferma affcUatir exemplar , f 
emnia ad firmi. orditte c^uodam jcruato tius defiderw t€ndat4 , 
0gens dicitur ex€mflar,(juia natura opcratur , ut di8um ejl ad ems 
exfrirrendm jimiUt^il'mtn t^cq* tvrcjuere debet aha Smflkij ras 
tio.ciim inquit ^ fi cffetitu eius firwa o^i ns operotur ,fr.is no out 
exemplar Jit ducndum.nam rejfondeo f Jirma oltinet duas ratios 
ncs.^iejuidem utterminat apfetitum notirdis agcntis, uocatvr ulUf 
mum O-fnis^cb id cfuod omnia ad iffr-m urrrinanmr , \tucro'm 
Jirma exfrmitur fmihtudo agentis,uocatur agentis exefi flar^^uo 



mam 



ref^ctlu mcd\orutn'i:r Agem flfptl'fifw Ww;f;U,pcf arji: ttjcm 
ifojkcmo loco frodu^icnhS'H cum ali^Mmmt P^^c^ndrum cgi 
\'m,f fi firmafit unaofortra^clii^umejfe caufim^unm irm<up, 
i^i»<r faruculares coufas fractd<i(,f uUk j\ irmciir».<jw<c f/1 cflif/a p^ir 
.$kcular\s)}ttUm fncxlXtfUutro. jUfuUmx dLU\du\^(^ una ccufa 
t€j[e,cumft firmauM.atq^cmofifiiemmiHdcturtitiH Auayccs 
xikiodcdv.c frima ffcilo/rf halet , ^>nctuva CGn.mcnefi^fi, 
kip' ut iffi lonuitur.yemcnoraHi fit » fflijgc«<^$ won arctiius fuum 
{tf eStum fToducaiMttcenm itd di^uiioti fl,f (Jg(ns /iuuiw effc 
tiiusMTUffcaufiAtrumcum ca firma^Giq^idquQd fh frofmi^m 
^htctm non frodeat/tifi muhis intrTCfdlulusmedijS,ut fctKtex Ari 
' sJlcttlMrii degctterationfammahum ; efusejliut unaccufudtam 
^roxw.i at(\, mmcdm} frodmal.f'^fi ({Uid fi crit olJlaculojUtinho 

miuisuclfUntagnxraUorje^ifua fmnunxrli couJlotMi{uido cons 
:j\at.\€rm ut Akxavdtr fccundo<iuajlmkm miurailum ioctU 

cum er\tia,(^uc[ ocddur\i,Lr oriurmr ,fllccri«5 cuxAio wdigeanlui 
,fmi tffprnjfrftw^j ficundum Jjccitm conf((iuar.tkr feimiUiUoni 
» trd\natmfid afvfcrwrikmeptih.mc^tu atqi lumirc cccli mncifcCturp 
n^ffisifi wde fx(fjncitir,ut nutdomcum mtu cccli hhituditie guher 
ititntur,i ^wo mtis wfitior crdmtm fuuw fcrtitur , faUatqi-, Vnfl 
^ 'tgitur f/? caufd egtns f<3rH£iil«ri5.^Ktf ui dixit A uer rocs, cjl uclut 

injlrumcntumifcd tfl fUnr tdm cotlum tjl.quod ucluti cr 

tifcx fcfilf (ur,iij cRfluo l%fcorun. tiadu jdtm Avtrrces.Afq» ic^ 
one fict^fido de gvieraticnt dixit Vhdofflus, mm Itecirfirios 
' ft ejjcin tttfrm!S]<iuodmotV(tthguUtr,Uur,(ive tfl ccvfi ctr.mh, 
sSicurAm f^cdcm frcuidtns, id.^uod Ulhticndo quof firjit 



Auerrots luolecimo pntt^ fh'dofofhiit.eum hkpAt , f rfrctf f}>cat 
tfl iiumi foUichdo , Cxttrum rurfui conti a Alcxandrum ir^flat 
^mflkiui tsr ait,fi omnc tjuo j cj] immediatum Lr froxinjum cffi 
'dcns,fottfl ^ojuctrr.ergo hcrbae fottntia Jhffuia.Sei omnc quod 
tj\ m paff wni,c|J mmria\r.tfgo hcrba fril matnra Jhfulceynon out 
tffiucm.ncctffcqi crit <fu<zrtre aliam caujam effcclricem. Vcriwi ii 
h ita fatisfacknlum efl,f herba fit potrntia effcclnx/icn aut recef 
trix folum:fin hcrbdftt ratio agendi,ac prmcipimn rcciffiens:cju€m 
^dmodum m tritico cj] uirrus firmitm^isr patvntia rcciptens, Ai^ 
'm^en ui htc rite ferficmtur^necejfami efi mom cach^uehiti iks 
Hum fiiit.quatc nonomnis fo(zntiAcJ}reccptiua.Sicinfj^matc^ 
fotcntia bomo,ue^umtmfn non immediate ac froximcnam ita m ils 
lofolum cjl pofenfid cor at in cwrde fovenha tfl be far . id enim cfl, 
ijuoi fnrimum e jcniincfit,i quo ccettra deinde membra , qurqi 
frdinc gignuntur^quem admoium docuit Arijlotrles. Porrc cum iir 
Mtm urget,(f ffoxima caufa in mmanttbus Jit materna non autcm 
fAttrna:id quiiem uerum tjlffi rc3« \n$tlligatnr.nemfc quod i ma 
ire fit uxrtu^ dela^fa i fatre . Sei quod f^erma matris fufroxima 
iaufi ahttrqi ut mteria ; proje^o k uera fhilofifbi fententti plu 
rimum iifcref>at»Neqi mihi unq, arrifit,id quod iffe fentit^ f infrls 
bgentix cognofcantbanc firmam producenda abhoc Agentt.nam 
^mui$ motus ccrlr mfmora tc ciiuca bttc ordinet,ut juis nvmerts 
jinem quern fibi proj^onunt ccnfequtntur , neqi agant temcri k 
tsfr non tnmen intehigentia fwgularia cognofcit , ueluti ftmphcius 
magmmr.fedfilum de orJitc ur^uerft fcUkita ejl, ut reEle Auer^ 
roes quoqi duodecimo primce ph\\ofofbi€ tcf}atur, Et quamms dkat 
mus in his ejfe diuinam fcOicmdinem'/ton aimen cenpmus intrUigti 
kii bxc fubUnctria complt&i : Wcrum motus cccli , cum imcndmr 



caducorum.cfiut cum haheant matzmm indcttrmmatam;*icn Jc»nfcr 
€undem€ffe&um,eoiemmodorcdpmnt,neiiiferuant , ut imfgft 
tnM tx Afijlcnle ^uttrtt ic gcncrationc mmal'mm mor.uimus^ 
Nf<J> concedcndum cft.coclum habere cogmtiontmt cjuod Auiccnna 
€lt,ndm cognitiimcs $c porrnt7« fu nt m hic maleria fuhlunm,ut $U . 
4s docuimu$. Jtdifi im exfliatum habemus , (fuid fit id in f lio ratia 
caufg finalisfita yjf.Vmtw <j«<ifHor [unt,qu€ He dtfficulmtem Jici, 
lffi(,p imum,w ucrum dtnotct alic^wd quod fit frius bono : Jcirdc, 
mi finis fignficct habitudirKm^an quiff im dbfclutumud h^c 4n r« 
Cio caufic finals ftt aff(titio:fojlremo,an aliquod dminum in caufi 
Jinali comfreh(ndatkr . Qu^ ut diluanfur , ammaducrtere licet , id 
quod ejl m fotentta ad e£e,non dici mle,ex ficuds Ph^ficorum, nift 
cum eji m aBu.Quire bafis ac fvndamentum rei ejl aUus . nam ent 
in fotentia^dicitbY fimile e«ft,Mon autem em , Cum igituf a^us ftt 
^ndamentum^obtinet mulaisration(s,f\am firma utefl caula quire 
res fit,nuncufatur aSlusiut uere comfletum ejje tr'ibuit Jfeciei^ has 
hctqi omnia ea qute ad fj^eciei ejfentiam requiruntbr, dicitur ueritas 
rei^ac frofterea aurichalcum , non dicitur uere aurumjid fmtle eu 
fO,quio non habet omm,qute ad earn fj^ecierequiruntut.Atqi ut ha 
het rattonem termmi,ac finis ferficitntisfubit rationem honu Ams 
fhus ut in f 0 affetiUo acquit fcit,uocatur affehbie . Demqi ut per 
Jirmam Diji ftmiles tuadtmus^dicitur b&here quid diuinum. Quo or 
ca affetihile nan denmt rationem finis, fid fiquitur boni rationem 
cb (jkflm cut\8a reddunM' bona ac fetfiUa. Vnamet igttur res eff 
feUatur bona , uerayaffetibilis.isr diuina , atqi ea frofter has poi 
frtetates uni trikuit Atiflotccum ait exifete aliquo diuwo.cftimd, 
4jraffeMi,queSiyrtflKius,quoq/irfiquitur,Aiq)hxcno wo Dij$ 



€lMir^e,tlH^thpk^^^ nitun oriuhtwr It ocdiunt,aH 
Mifarus Auirrwj>i5io ^edtph fuorum. Porro uerum , ji(fuitur 
ens ittASu'jfti (^madiiital\,fuidcntt,ncmpi tifhtuitnem (fuandam, 
icdreo dixit iicm Auefrocit^mm ciufdcm priw^r pfcilo/Spbix (jtiic* 
J}ionem ic ucro,cJ[c ie tfcciJf Mfr.Moiim autcm hxc intrlligas itue 
ritnte or^Hois ijr frofofttt9is,nm dc w Mi fiet mctio:jid\dc uero, 
fiod uiiclat tjft f^iff%o,aut f ynony mum cnti. Cuius ueri rauobonu 
antuccderc pufafur.Qmt.yJc cxplicirts intcUigi porcJI.^uU fn^quaf 
ft Auerroes dixcrit,honm tjfe'm Tchus.ir uerum in »ff .Sitjuts 
Jem intcJlexit de wro,^uod f/i aff'cUio oratioms, no autem dc uero 
de <juo ej} prcefins Jcrwo.^uo J dcnomt rd pcrf€^ionm,ciuodq> di 
uidimracdiJlinguHuraueriftmili.M<fi ttaomnes nodi fclui /acifi 
fQjfurtt,iT primum ajferendum,f ratio uerirationm honi pr trees 
divMmde,^ finis ute(l terminus, at f>ultimum,habitudincm ^uans 
dm adea,ad(iU(eordinatnr,denotnt,Voflhxc, ^apfctitus nonctrM 
cumfcrihit finem,fed ut (juiefccre fiicit.ir ut bonus habet rahonem 
appctibilis.Quare cum hcec ratio appctitus , omncs friora inciudatf 
Utini afjeruerunt, f per banc rauonem jinis defcribitur « Demqi ^ 
f& firmm Dijs fimiles reddimur.fed ijuh paHe b<rc ratio in rebus 
fuhlunarib.rcperiaturfitis in libro dc mete humana apcruimus.fiitqi 
ha^cniis dc fine agcntiumnaturalium^iam ad ea fue'fereogmtiof 
nemirele^ionemagunttranfireoporret. 

'IAN IDEM SIT AGENS, QVOD PEK- 
ele^ioncm It ({nod per cognitionc agit Cap, V I !• 

aVodfims,0gentis difjH>fttionem nobis indicetMchrcHttc 
tluxpioiaminterpomtur,(lU(etnucfiigM cupmus nunt 



4fmi dgens f€r.ele^'mm,i:r per cognitionm ftt tjem , qiuc fcijt^ 
haulcrit in'M^Us ad ca infrttgcn Jtf ({ucc it caufa efficients iicenlur. , 
quando^iuidem Pfcilo/cf bus in hac f kntia id hahet loco axiomatis^f ^ 
tiatura propftr finem ac per fe agat , nc^j futft id indiger^ demons 
Jlrationc,nififrofteranti(iuo5,({ui omnia oh mateYix necejfitatem 
cuenireaJfeuerahanLhihiecfciendum efl.cpmulm cognofcentia 
agunt^nux mmenagprji,exelc^ionehaud(iffirmamus;ueluti afes: 
hrundines,uulfes,ac catera animantia rationis exfertia, agunt ({ui 
dem^nontm^n oh finem ({uem anleajonceferantSi(luidem in ijs ar 
tium imagines <[u<tdam conjpiciuniur, non men ars , aut artificiai 
lis cognitio.Dixit enim Vhdofofhus oclauo de hijloria animalium, f 
in brutis referiuntur humani animi imagines,i:r artium : nn autem 
artes,} n9n agant^ut diximus.ex Jine,(luem anlea conceferunt .Sic 
quadam ^tjue foUent memmaJ^ominihaJfimiUnturjahilomims ijfs 
Aem uti artih})audiiua^> affimahimusM^ci fimilih.concedamus . VI 
jutf uocem humanam exfrimunt,ufu ac memoria id fiiciunt,ut frof 
lixius iocuimus frimo frimce fhilo fo fhiae . Vroinde de eo ({uod agii 
ex fropofito & mJlituto,diJ]erendum efl . Nqi in frcef€ntia({U(gs 
Jlionem illam agitnhimus.utrum ali^luid fub ratione mali nos mouead 
quoniam iam fajfim receftum ejl ah omnibus, mhilmouere inteUe^ 
x8um praBcum.nift honum uel uere^uel affarens^ueluti infra etiak 
■ monebimusMerum earn aggredimur, in({uanonignobiles PfcilojS^^, 
fhi dif[entiit,nemfe,an finis moueat ut ejl extra animam, uel ut ejl 
.inammacognofcente,C^<{uceJlio(iuocommodius a fhdofcfhix 
JludidfisiuuembusinteUtgaturfcirehcetJinemuocari id cuiusgrA^, 
. iia agens agit.ir ad <{uem cunSa ordine (luodam diriguntur . 
iuflicem obtinet rationem caufrinam ut ejl in anima^dicitur ^ippcK^. 
fcjlc (^uiddam ohtinetcfi rationem caufa agentis & moueniiSy([uoYM 



iMttCl ifpctifuw ac hfiiemm ju\ excttatu ; ^ui a^ffHtus anlmdl 
irfouf (. Af^i cam oh rem affctim cjl magis frofinjua caufa moms 
gmmalis.nsm flpf entile ui commouct animal ie oc\o ai lahorem,mo 
net motu bActafhorke iiBo,^ fit in anlmameq, hxc ejl ratio caufit 
Jinalisfid fubit rationcm agentisytucr§ hahet rationcm fnis, ters 
mxnalac ut lonm ^uoJ in hoc fffcdu ac mmino icfrahntiitur, cjl 
li cuius gratia cecrtrajiunt.Uaqi ratio caufindi caufcc findis^tjl bos 
num cumgraUa reti^ua cbcuntur,^uod cognimm ab amrnah mouci 
ipjum tx 0(10 ai Ularcm;motu,ut iixi tAtiafhcrico . atq> u\ FjoIcC 
ranonm bom ex(rrmi,tfppf B<iJwr finb, ob ([utm o^tratur . \i (^uoi 
it Jirmis materialibus atchat Auerrocs.f ut Junt m mem artificis^ 
monent iflum motu metofhorico ; ut ucro funt in re , hahent rationc 
Jinis.Ahe Jirme maverix exfertz5,utpot^ exijlentes ohtinent rati9 
fiemjxnh ac mouent^s%^c fcire licet f Jirmtr materiales cum r.ofim 
per fint^non in eodem effe hasrauor.es principif fatiutur :fii firmte 
immaterialcs funt <rftr»<r,|tt«f^; Jines frinib juai urn aftionum , It 
ficundum idem ejje mouent Qua propfrr in dubium uertitur fio • 
^0 Jims. gratia cuius hac fiunt.cumfriusqimows a^entjs ferjictas 
tur,non exiflat aBu,foffit dici caufuSiquidemtiuod non eJl,non cfl 
gf feVanda caufa, f nullum caufit modum aut rattfmem habeat.fei 
lonum^quod fbi f^rofonit agens non e(i extra,fcd fclum ejl in cnimM 
tnouitisXfutn bonum^fro\'ter cfiod xdificator adijicatdomum^ nem 
fe ut frohiheat a Jrigore,non tf\.) quire mnuHogenfrtcavfte cenf 
Jeri debet, Catrrum rej^ondrndum ejl , <j> id quod m agente nrqi 
gUu ej},neqi in fotentia , nequit ut e(l m anima mouere agens motu 
ilfo we (dpfcoric(»;ne/fj pofp/? ejje idgrc.tia cuius ommt fiunt, qu^ ej} 
uera ratio cauja finalis.at id honum quod mouet,eJl m uirtute cauft 
i^cntis.atqi id exfcrittia contfrohatur • nam Ji ejl quoddatn bonum. 



^oinon fttmuvrtutt agcntit,non fotejl cjjc 'dlmtm^aiws gritii 
Oftratur agcm;^ id,cjuamuis fn fiffcnkk hand moucat ad aUme, 
fuUL imagwatio muin (iur\,<iuod noncjl in fccultatc agetis inqujrcre 
ip'Jif^i aff€p}j'it^aii\i agtni dt Uciti itf^cn non c[I ftmifium fit 
tfgcns ad a^ionem aggrcdiendam dc qc'iq ad Uhorcm moucatur.^ ii 
honum n on fit fcncs nos netj, in nojlra fottJlaK. Quod ft inftcs /4c 
dicas rurfus moucrc id (^u^d cjl m a^uidiccndum ejl hoc comf(ttre 
Jim (fuateniks ejl cognitui ; non Mutcm ut lonum cuius gratia cttttta 
Jiunt^ucc efl ratio caufcc jinalis,h' cjjt in anima fins ejl ut mouc0 
M ajfcUum in agcotp.<[ui motuitUt diximui,no cJl ucrusjid anim4z 
Huem Aucrroci nominauit m(tafhoncum , Sed ut honum,gratid 
cuius omnia Jiuni , ncccjje ejl ut fjt in ficultut^ agentis , ^mo fojpt 
agentis opera.in luccw frodirc.Sc(^uitur utalium ^uoq> nodum Jolua 
muSy<iuihac rations ncSitur.Vhi funt caufie ir frincifia alicmus 
tfJcSlui'.ut iffi froducatur^dcUiillaunirJfc.ScdJiniseiuicfl aHio 
ms trr minus, n( quit cum alijs princi^i|5, jutc ad hunc effcxJum frodu 
undum fracedunt concurrer€,ergo uidaur non fojfcalinuo m$d9 
ejfc cau(d,cum non fcjjll fraccdcrc isr caufr frofrium ftiiut Jit 
frior.Scd hac itn diluimus ^ finis cm me cognitus,cum alijS pirtcif 
fijspr^cedat: (idul id, cuius gratia caterafiunt,fracedit uirmt 
agentis in cjua. eft ii homrfi, cuius gratia arti fex operatur , atHi ti 
ej[e in eius jncultanfais efl qucd frgced/it fccundm hoc ejje, atq; 
.khi hie finis froduclus ejl, defmit motus . Itaiji id borum , <juoJ ejl 
m re terninat a^ionem,exflicatq> cjuidfiurit id^oh c^ucd aeiera m 
lucem frodkre.aut jhrmatt^ fuere.Verum ne m hac c^ufa deciparii 
Jiire licft , ^ ex caujis (futtdam fr^cedut effe^um^nuanhus hal it 
,facu\ta\i agenii uelvecipiedi eu cmjmodi Junt mtem Lr rfficits: 
ilix,pw Jirma ac fims.no edhet fnecedere ,Jcd cu t^c^u gfiand9 



*|iirf?niiil.<^ tim emtr ffetth 'gmms cfl'.pm &fi^5, ( t^m hiM 
ilmd c[l^ Jirma^ut doa t fKriJlotilcs pri»re dt^cnerauonc animMs 
' Tiiiwi ,Iicrt rtfRonf dijlinguantur ) ejl una cum e^fBu,Cattrum,(M 
Hfltiocflu/tf finahsrf atra ri,ncctj[c ejl,ut al'Kiuotroio frior fit; 
^ni modus nihil ahud ejl,^; i^uadam codmo,<iua fni cofctitut frior 
fu cjfenu. (^uodnonejl id.cuius gratia trioueta^cns,jci't/i cortii 
tio finis , qua mouet agens dc ocio ad lalorm . ]gitur ut inf ijuitur 
Jirma ejl id cuius gratia omnia oferanturui uirc frier ejljubtt mo 
ium alttrxus cauf(t,fum moucntts animal ai i^^ediendm matum, 
Q^nonejl conditio cauft Jinabs mfi (^uattnus fracognofcitur, 
.l<rc autem frgcognitio nutta tjl in agtntr naturcXi -ut immus: am 
in CO fcliim fitfiicultos (luxdam agcndi It frcduccnii Jincm, cuiB$ 
gratia cccttta JiunuAtf hxc de cauja jinah fitis fmt, 

r 

AN OSi'siA BONVM EXP*BTANT. 

Cafut. VlII. 

Er^. difficile ej\ cogrdti \ntrllSu,num onnxtr bntw exs 
f!ttanX,(fiando<^u\itm ctrnimus fat) cm fldgitium aht^uod fib 
frtfwrrm/nfft ut al eiujmodi filium arceat ir cohibfati^vafi id if ft 
dctrjlctur isr irtrjlanium tjjf Jilio fcifuadcai. Quod cumitn fit, 
piirum tj\,(^uart Vhdofcfhus frimo moralium ad fsiccmaihirti dh 
tat,omma lonuifi affittre . Qvnfroftrr AUxarier opnctur ,fjje 
ijuofdam c^ui malum exfctnnt ijr o^c^cnt , \lci> (ih rationc mail 
Quod ratio/iucij' fuadtrt uidt tur.n&m cum affctitus mhd diud fit 
^ uoluritns'.h' defJniun. pt aHio udurtntis ]cum<ji uotur.tns ros 
flf6 ini trarii,fcrtin' frcf(r,dfatj{(it tnifniiltra it (orr.nur.itar 
affirmant, fcitrlt if^UV malun, fuUrctittii wrf/i, aclcium^ofttcrt, 

cum 



I 



ieiiwi utrunfi \n Jua Jit fott paf^.Vrspttree.cum ^uis (ip[tiit,eo tmi 
fiod affM.ahonui a^ieterct (^uod hiiheret, ft arci to, erg^ 
dffetithahcre . Quire carenUd ir friuatio ^cjjitt ratio affetiws, 
caufaqifuadeJ}ru^ionis:(iuado(iuiJem flpp^rrrcliJ.^uoJ fimulatip 
habcrct,mn ejjit dwfhus frmtio.At^m ut httc dihmtur, ir ueri 
ms innottfcalfrimum animadutrtctt oforHt.tpio faBo ir'ia htre, tf 
fetitus,amor,i:ramkiciaitiitr fc difinguatur.Affetitus ftrturai 
0b(fuod,ut fufta dixi^uod habct ratiomm honim fto ic<iuiefcat,iT 
ferficUtur^atqi id honum firficit naturam uel fenjim , ucl metittm 
fic dffiderium ratiotKm jc^ucns. <^uam diuifionm latim nuncufdni 
naturdcm affftitum finucnttm nmra ud f(njum,uel mennm , jui 
nihil altud efl.qi uoluntas. Iwifi in fo^jpl afftUt , mpcrfeSio f ucf 
fiam cognofcitur:(iuatido(iuidcm now affenret,mfi dii^uo Ofus hale 
tet^cuius indigenha exciM appctitum.Quam di^mm ft ad mattt 
riam mcdicam uclimus contrahcre.ejl triJJis finfatio in uenwiculoA 
cet ir Ad orma animah mtmlra €xttndatuY,<^ux ad nutrimemm 
Juum,tr>r.q, ad [uam ferjhclioncm inclinintir,(iuo animal uiuititvtius 
igitur animabs apfettntia i in uttriculo, at^i in ca fotjjfimu utiricu 
h fartt.iiua finfus uigei.nfmfi i cius ori/icjo;^wd cum animal friua 
tur.nafciiur ea ({u^ dtcitur laffeteta Ad h(tc fcire licet f oia {u* 
hominis apfctentix ohijciuntttr,cff'aunt fc fib fj^ccie bm utl aff4 
rentis^uel dekEiabihs.utl utilis.aut horcflifiue id fit bonum mmi, 
fme corf oris fiue fortune, (^uare omnc bonum,Jub una ex his ratio^ 
nibus ah homine ferfenditur.Amor autem.ut ab affetitu ac f^e jit 
cernitur.ej} quxdam animi faffio ret fritfenUs ac foJfeJfte.Amids 
da uerh ej} habitus ir leniuolentia non lattns inter amicos , ut la$ 
Hus Itbro o^auo Ethicorum docet AriJloteles.Sunt coflures jui non 
dijlin^uant inter f^cm,defidcrium,i:r morcmiuocantqi amor em id 



^0 J fwnms fiuJio txpciiturSci fi rectus rnexarri^ctur^tlit^r (i 
kahct^nm mcr efl fjJfio,^iux frofidfcimr a xc (^hx pojftietur.i^uce 
fotius cumfiuiuonc conuenK f cum deftdcrioM<ji id qucd lUt uotu^ 
runt fi^niftcarc, eft cmcuvifccntta in rehus nacuy-Mus quam ftm^ 
fcr comimmr ifffUn^s Alji eamob rem in Ms rehus caiucisfimfcr 
^onjifiuntitr amorcm l^s,affclJtui,dcftdcmm Isr WmorM \n amq 
re rcrum iyinUfgibilium ejl ccrtitudo fine timore , <jf4f m fidis pttit^ 
4C obicBi immohthm licritns.E/I fraarea uliud fucnium, c^ho 
mo ^tr€\tUioncm,aui artcm, duos Jih propanif f\ne% : quorum knus 
hihct ut iomus in drdijicdwrc , <\ul relm^uit domum fn^am : alcer 
jf/1 oftriiuo,cjuahs eft modulatto . Werum cum una eaderrifi res duos 
fAdm fines. opus fcdicet et ofcrjaonem: fcwper ofcranocfereejl 
fraJ}intior,(^uia opus fitgtatii oferationis f^uentisofus. Hts tn 
fxf^cstis,ut (fuijlio e mvlio tuHmr, mula Qd em fclvtionem funt 
4ldii^ccnia.fnmum,quic^uii ah hom'me exfeUtur frctttr Dc/^w.cu 
non fit unhjf ferfenum^ineo ali^ua ratio mali ref^eritur: iiij, ueL^a 
lono friumr uiQo fui,uel f uid natMta,ob (uam infirmmrem eiufmo 
it honum now perfertM enim \m fe habere in omnibus quct fvnt m 
Jr(i Deumhuuido anflat.Deindc bontQ ^errationem Jvmum pxe 
uideuijr per (cAfum pr^lkns co^«o/cir,^uj proprr aii Arijloteles 
Itrfto de arnmi in nobis ejfe contrarias apfrtitioncs , neq^Jemfcr ft? 
mul idem appeterc ne(fi ijuouis trmpore todcm olleUari , nm <^uod 
nuncairidetid paule poft diJpUcere fentio . Quihuldam uidew^f 
ii(fuci ali^uib.fhcet,ncn Jit undiLfuaift bonum , ud deUHabde ^ ucl 
honejlum^uel m^tx uehptntis , (junni<e efl ah(juoi aliud , (^uod lUis 
4idrikt mdgis His ftc conjlmtts fncillimum eji nuitjiwfattsjncerc* 
wtm ckm in duhmm nertitur ^mt omr^um finis Jn honum; uel^uM 
Mronc AriSettlisdi^um , f omnia h<mum aj^^etuni fft inu Ui^tng 



iism : rcjj^onimitht,({uoi Jul ndontlom, ud(^lcU3a ,tiij 
utile t fjrhunumcfl t myet rtpjlrammtintiontm, Qudre,nmf<tf 
Jumfrob-ire eorum intcrfrentmnem . i}ui h^num intfJlig^^ \i 

€0 \nucr,kthr rnjerjtclk^,0fhncm ranonem foffidet ttfui . Qucm olr 
rem fMnutdgaret'Y heolegi dixirunC.ptUmnonf'offciidw tahcvi; 
i[uod nuUam hubeal raticnem^ob cjuam iium oiio frojc^ucmur. A t/fp 
kclrco (pHnfi ittqumnt,^ noflra (if^ehtio ac uoluntss nccejfmo fir^s" 
titrin Deu:lktt,<:iucdadchdpcrtinetfews noflnm noIifr,ltofriiJ Jiij. 
tafngtre i»<rlper/e^i. Vcraw (fuomodo hetc fmt ir^trUtgenda , in 
h ra, Anhofttouoknsbonui ucl n.clusjiotjatis iffcuffimus : nunk 
ifSimclllacus^ Adid aut^m (lunddiiinr^fotrem juixmsahi^ucifit 
tknitm,oh cafjiisfw dttffrere:dico,(f l(ecdu9,mmfe comi^erefla 
ghum,i:r Jihum ah €9 tan^, mala dthortPtifoJIuDt fimul confijte^ 
we.nantii ^t^uscorrpy^hendii olujuodejfe d(k5ial'tk ac uoluftvos 
film, if tod ratio rmlum ir ffsuum tjjc mSccl. Qua ntitne ditti 
JiaturUfptod ifj} eomm\UU,nitiQAr(^ nde aKocarefiimm,U€l^ mt 
mat^neimatimiuitmiumad idfrodim licrtcwniidimitci fcra 
trMjtat^uel oh diw <j«<f inde cnafci emanarcf foJJ %r,l . Ijlt Porrh 
fiod jecinio locaohijcUlatnr/rJj}ond(mus, f(iu4muis uoluritas ucl 
malic cius,foffit in utrm<p farum frofendere,(fux a/ fint fr«/?fi 
lutffub albfua koni j^ti'te pnt caifi (iff:titionis,iuhd tamsn mah,n9 
'^Jt tu cuittti^ imui malum exfetiM,atqi idminas malum , in frttf 
jcritialoco hon'$ €afimu$:ifuemaimodum ip- mcdici,mhius Jrigidum,. 
kftrrdum calidum uocant It m'mus aldum frigiium , Vcritp- 
^flrema oiir£?amr im occurrerc het , f m fiatura m (jjui 
gjl di(M'mfUcmnlHt,d$ofiini ccnjtderania frtli(Qum^(j9ffd fcf^ 

^ 3 



I^ciwr to fio cmi-.h* c»cnH(Xiut\ non ejfc em ret, fuif fcrficiLH 
fjiamuisiUui Hon ejfe afpetat ef[e ( aho({id unum contrar'iumaU 
lemw exfettret)atmnifn juhKBum fropter id non €jfe,fenict ai id 
4f*oc4rc^uoferfickturM(liitafrimo Phyftcorum iv.teUexit,cum i 
fimtfeeminmaffeteremrum,lr furfelonum.rroinie ex hts'ms 
HHi^ipt9j},fto faUo Jims jimgerfubratione bom mouct ngcns. 



DE CAVSIS RERVM NATVRALIVM 

tffidentibus Ctfp. IX# 

IN trc£iatione rerum nmralium ,fta caufas inuejligare nlHs 
mur^oferepnecium efl frimum omnes caufarum modos exiju jrr 
fe,ir (juce fint ah arte exdudcnda cognofcere . Porro (uffictentem 
caufarum dtmftonem dufhci uia uenarifoljumus.aut uwuerfali mot 
io^uemadmodum Logkus^h" primus fhlofcfbus , atqiboc ut res 
fpondere fofjimus ad intzjrogationem jjutf ^tt(rrj fclet,(juare res alis 
^uafit Veleomdo (fuo AriPotela docctnumerum quafttorum 
tx numero Mram,<jM<r uere fcimus.Sfd naturalis fhilofofhus , cum 
fcrtraSct de juhflantia ut mouetur , (jiitf rif caufis per ^uas oritur^ 
br efl.Ome aut ^uoJ mouetur ({uatuor habet caufas, lUas per (fua$ 
ej},mareriamfcihcet ijr Jirmam,(ju<e funt partts fubflantia: m;tr 
pr^ttreae^c'Kntem,ac]inem:(juare(fumor caufis rerum natural 
hum fuyitmueJiigandce.Curfi'Hp de fi>re, materia, ac firma . (jutfumm 
(fkxdemai Phyficum JpeUare uiJesur^traEiduerimus: rcli^Mumc/? 
iir de effickntejCuiusope res fit pertraciemui.Sed pr'mum hk mjfi 
(tendum eJ},nuasdiwJionesh(ec admSat, ^r\f^c teles em w fex 
fortes diJlrdxU, (juas Grammaticus in fecundo Vb^ficorum etiam 



recffi/f e,in cdufim fer fc ir per acciicns,m fmflicmirxmf&fi 
tnm.m f ropin<jutfw ir re woram.(jU(7j amn« iw//c <litti/Jr fer aUi 
fOt^ntidm^oluUip baifc&ioncs ommlus caufs effic'tentibus cof 
U€mrt,y trum h\c jldtim ^cfc offatduhtutio rrulttfUx . Vrmunip 
cur ?h\lofofhusnondiuiJhr'itrodemmQdoeff(^usn>mraltscu eaf 
dem fc^iones aimi^untJicinr cnim cffcUus fcr^i ir fer cccident 
frofhquui It remo:us,jimflcx h" comfofituSfisr inaUu acin fo 
ttntiiL Deindc cum fojjumus ajpgnm unumgcnus caufg.tfiart no 
ajftgnamui plurf j.Puw <^u)d lUa cnuja fit f(irticularii,^imfkx,iT 
fcr fe,ue\ cdijs modis,Ad hac^i^uodfrojiclb non minus dubium cjft 
utdetur.cum fmfkx ir comfofitum , non fit ftnet rem , f:d fenet 
molum lo(^'jcndt;cur Mpottleshuncmcdumfofucrit . Quihusfic 
mihi fatisfieri fojjekidcturfh' ftimum p'iw<r, ^ tiuamuis ineffes 
tiibus naturalibus h(Z diuifmcs refermtur: ctmmen non funt mes 
iia (^uccdam ad cognitioncm fcientficm, licet caufit in ^^u^hus ha in 
MCniunttir, fmt cnufa rcrum naturahum fcienti j\c(e Quart Ariflos 
tela fer hypothefin has diuifiones in effe^ilus reftriri fumcns;ar 
gumentntur eas fmile (juof ; modo in caufts inuenirhnm cd uidemui 
ahc^uos eJftUus fieri temete.&rguimui de caufa (jucenam ft , cognos 
fcimus(ji its earn nonfijfe ejje nift fer iccidts^effcBus enim baud 
quaifi ejfet temere.nift caufa effet firtuittt,lT a cafu, Cegnouerunt 
autem fhilofcfhi caufm effe ftr accidens , irejfe^um i tafu : f 
hie ft in fauciorilus isr i11araroeiufmodx(^uiffxameff\CMt. Atues 
ro cffe^um isr caufiim fer fe defrehenderut,f lam effeiius f cau 
fa uel femper,uel in flurihus eueniatxaufim uero f rop in^uam , uel 
immedimm effe dicimus, inter (luam nihl irtercedit mediu.quoi f0$ 
premc froducatiedm contia mediattm^cum aha altquee caufce xntttf 
medix inttrcedunU Vcrum fire htti , e^^uj dKitur medwtki 



ifmJpinttrtifmt aim cffcSus cpn caufa frufincfwar « hmeSof 
llor eftj^oTPO'Cumh n cxotimhtthgH fhlojifhus fa'jc,{y few 
«ci(ic n$,ninc rede camfoni^caujam pf r jc ir pr icctdtnf , <r ifd 
fCf acGidins^uel fi^r Jc.EoJem woiiaaidi (juo^j imfioncs^ conttngU 
fcreffiilitimi^itfifrfp<pi}i't, Stcim^ uer9 duh'ttaaoni rejp^^rh 
icbttjf ir fniiummdo flutes caujct rtfrnantur , orr mj /? gratid^ 
^fitfcrfi pattKularis^isr w aciu: attamen hfrfrofrictiitei rauonc 
ficcfmmmr^/KiipiL^tocif finjit Pfcilo/opfcus.euw dixit , fha fpoji 
frktnfes ratioiK fmt diwrfir, (pt^fhuis mttnacniemq^ caufa comci» 
diint,Cit(tru his ditlis ji ing(:tcrc uidcmv difficultas^.ifiia fcQo hoc 
afuiit^hihfa^hufnhtmttlhgcnd^/pcaufi ftorticutenrii ma^ 
fit fmutl cumejf^cir.ir quomodo duodecimo piwic fhilofcfhid di 
x<i'it,(p fhrma fit fimuL cum CUIUS ep ^j'mif , cfuciqi iigcnffrkis. 
f««inir»Ck*oc<;uryi./Trciirp^fpfJ^ii mtelligamwdfua: fi§ diffirai 
Ua intvr firmm , agerts in iElu^rcs enim ca({\i<e (to\t, ^nor efl 
tempore tJJeci'ji^({ucdefromU(K froduc'u Cm mrc i&.ur^ ^ ages' 

nam ncccjfc efiutcffeSuifuunicam caufi^ju^do^gereratar: licet 
iaufi faflejfrclum fo{fH aheffe as deficcvc . Qirifi kic n.inohtr 
ccrk,<juciut fgfe euenkefolct fater emifff-fkmine (Kciitt , ir tas 
menjilius emhryo fitrtjutrf ircnuidetur eaufa ejjeuna twn effc 
^lu(lu<M(^aglgnttwr, UKeKtluw,fitcfitcau(j(^Uxrfiam <juse fro^ 
finiiuior ir knmediatior efl {dtre^mfe^emjsn^iuu^tutefit ge 
neratio.fioiut iocet ^Ttjliftzkiducdei'uno frmi^g fhikfcfhiae, 
Jecundo Phyficorum^vantf^iemin^^unenti obtinct^c^uod Wf ctiSm 
Jafe alias docuhMi. PorroJirmanonmciiiieiniXUMmfffccum 
ia'fipafitr^i^urii.etim w^a cwn ccmfofm mnakf, ocdd(f€ , Ages 



iXcUit TtrtiusuncroJus/vfrlfnrofftfttusfjclJfohftur: tff<um 
vdumuscaufam rffig^arcjafcufuucnia/,iu(ji*tulcaifcm jirfi, 
'4tc fcr aciidcns otf ; imtuum j mul multBi cci Jen rMamui, Sr4i^fi 
lum ii acdiii <trca mciumdtct'niiyfcd (ir(4> iffos]vl cuni m>jt m 
teidcre cufin:us,fuMndim unacauja: modum , fluia (cifas cff.t 
gncmus. A de dm/tone hcLitmsxx ^iw t tuim f utt,^ dt <J^\ Ct(L 
f\idiundum» 

VTRVMCVM flEDDfMVS RATIO 
ntm <i\xL\aui tjjc8us nmurali^, p^r ^w«m g^tramr 
f kntia , Of us ftt omncs caujas f^rji 
ff ddere* Caf. X. 

COn;mu*iis (jticrf'tim dc fckr.tia'w gcmrt It fintflidtn cik 
firu fcldAtfiin3iaMhtuusnodi fclutionem'.fatt.mfn fiun^i 
ffi^i arrtfit . Munt cmm naturalcmnen adfvrt omnes^aufas fcr jki 

pntirc utietkr,) mfacnti4 nasurab non dcmcmjlrentur ; j duos t4t 
caufas tActafhyfuuii^iiluiraLfimyr'ma firmano cogtiofckbr jtr 
Jir ft£i mtvuksMfi*^t ntsuralcsifcd f <r firm4$ (juatenus rci per 
fiUioncm dtnotiint.^uiifdusp'miUSfhilofo[hus agnofcH firmam^ 
^rtijuhpirttiam,<fufmadimcdum Arijlctrks fcftimc M^ctzfhyfi^ 
€orum d(\ctat,AUf,k(ircdin<ftMtf\i wn cfjfwumnnaiuralis^hhfi 
fhi inutfhgdjc frimam firmmM JurmArfl ^.ihituvaturalt . jcdmi 
*f».<jMO modo fUdm fintm cognofciiMain fin^ ^i^j^ uliimuni , 
ra lomw dcnowt,^! primum JI<Bin jhlcfnf^u*n ♦ C^ducro ai 
^ctent^mtaufjm fcrtinti {luonim motusfrmifs , <iLfcm ncitura^ 
Irt ficunium cmnem rationm debet <^gncfcfre , tft mmm 
fffcUus:kctrcommralitsbid}ctmdcnSfnciium^ uidcducai CDnduf 



Jkt'f alufuim rjfe juhjlantim mmoMtmt (luemaimoium Af\floft 
Us pSfauo Phyficorum tradit. Itidtm frimus fhilofofhus cognofcit 
wiateriam u( fuhflantiam,i:r fottntiam,uc\utfufr(i monuimus \fci 
f fit Juhic^lum trdnfmutiUms gcneraUUs per accidens, €tcrs 
fi4 far (Ctfolus nouitnaturalis , ut Aucrrocs o^auo frinue. fhAoJos 

. fhiic ieclarauit Ex (juihus ajfcr'itur omnc genus CAufie mfrDigere 
iAct9fhyftcum,hut mogis Mb(lriBe,tum medij^tum rt't infrDigitilii 
ratione : <juflrc ut rationcs fmt shpraSiorts , iJ tf JiDum f^c^ahit. 
Cumqi ratio motvris non ahjlrohat i mctu, uelut^ finis Jirmy(ii ras 
mo^xccxno bee magis Afcrihuntur frimo fbdofifhe ^, mtut^lu 
re \r'ifiottles a caufa finali cmlufit duodeumum frimte fhilo JO0 
fhlce uerfii Homtrtco^tn^uiens. 

oix «yat6o'y iroAvAoi^fltvtyiTc xoi^ oeyo? 
Quo frohat unum ejfe frmdferruliem <jmij(J; aJJeruU otiauo Vhyfi 
€orum,medio ufiis natuvAli , nemfi ^ ^if dlf^asJ.ijuoJ itn mouet, ut 

^nuUo modo moueatur,Quim oh rem prmus fhdojcfhus dkitur cons 
Jiderare altijfimas ac frimas caufas^ad ^ utfs forticuUres omnes iifs 
Joluendo deducit,ne(ii dil'i conjijht frius ad (as ferucnait^tr ic 
<ir£o eius fcientia dicitur f.f ientia Dtale^licus quo(f, ac logicus [ul* 
jlantia^n ac firmam J^culatur,oh td f uc<lf fiiones de frimis frin 
cifijs dant ejjentiam rerum,iT (fuiddimtes adfirunt fro rejjonfionl 
lus.Quafrofter ajjerendum fintiunt,^/, isr fi cogmUo eyquifita, 
qu^ per caufas ferje hahetkr,uerfetur in ccrm fcttrMx gtner e.fum 
naturali,aut mathematico.non tcmen fmphciter , hoc ejl in uniuefM 
film ; ^ea ai ffif ientiam JjeUet utjixt^ hthiccrum isr frm€ pW 
lojcfhi^ tradit Arifioteles.Cffterum fc ofett hk,non kuis difficuU 
9as,nuni ratio mouentis fit eadem cum ratione agtntisjljr alteranUs* 
Vutiruni ^uam flurimi,^ moucns,ut rej^icH tj^r tj^e^ius , rcn ftr 

modm 



mhm proiu^Mt cB UBis ita hfiiH' wcekr efflciensntt tiero refj>h 
at ejjc^um ceu froduUum c^ftUctur moucnr.atu^ ut efl corf us ftr 
frimas ^u<2i>Ri^^ iltcrani,nominctir f tmum olftrans^hx ifuo cotu 
duiitur, Dt^fTi cjf/c creAnam,ut rcfpidt ffroiuElum finr fubirdoiei 
frimum moucns.ut hac omnia xnjcrma fuo motu^ulernei.is' fr'u 
mum alttrani,ut taicm hac caducajmotu is" lumine ilttrat.Ctett^ 
rum quofiim hxc non funt fcrifatctici di^a,frimum uiieamus,iiu€ 
Jiicriihac in re fiirijlonhs ((nt^ntia;dcindc tatiorilusref^ondas 
mus. ^t^p ut res ah quo inttUigatur ,neifi uHus fojl hac rehncjuatur 
duhmndi locus-fcirc licet, f apud phi'.ojii^os latius faM, mouerc f 
agerrjica afud fojleriores horun frofrig figmjicata confmdmt 
thr. Na agcrt frofrie dicut,(ul uiderc e f rww degenerctione cafi 
fc df agerc,)(lU(e cakfaciut.Yffrigtrat Jiccet,(thun<enU.mou€r€ 
utroje omni motu.ac foujjmu locnli,dKitur dtcimus ^uide Deuni 
V)tehgtntias moucre.non tttmen froftic alttrarc , ijuando(iuidi 
hoc efl corforis,(:r frimum comfitit ca k. Co:lum eriim runcufa 
tur frimum airr.rans.tt mtrligeKtitr funt ftmcifia unde motus. aiji 
hoc inumerfali Neqicjl il urn frimum efficiens diflirMum gfri: 
mo moufnn:(iuoni(im f/^ contcdcnda frodhUio^hif. ftr notu 
Gr(ictj(inifecer,tiorcs<fuidamucrh'*9iUf ,(iucd tji jmtrt uji 
Jtmt fro creareiiitimcn no ejl fhlefcfhicvn,n€i[y an t.(^uictil.]ig 
ufitntum. ftra (^umtlam faiftura eodtm mod$ ut:9ur ficetfctiut 
utendum ejjei uerbo kI i'(«r,f creare,^. iflieTf. aut Deus fckt 
ixitrdus cjjei jz^or cocli ttrrat^non autem creator ; Cattrum 
7 heologi qui dentrti jctis froheJuM,tralunt , det^rtjue^t^ii nomina 
ic uerla (juh luhct. Anfoteles dcjiniens caifcm , (^uam iffi uccit 
ggenttm,in(iuU frincifium ejje unde mctus:nam ijucd jxi^ir in res 
hks Muum ejjc cafitjnecejjeep^ut fer motu.ejje accifi0t,cui mom 



viAfidlftM^i fvUjaitwr ommnecejfum eJI.Qucm oh umAfI 
JIokIcs Ubro oSauo Phyfua aufcultatjonis^cuficns conjirniarc,om 
fie qufi fit per motum fieri, ajjumfftt ceu prokquium , woms it fit 
monem,ex (fui conficit^omne ^hckI fit pnus ef[c in fottnna , nam li 
necejfmo e^eSum fr(ecedit.Qu^re ft omne (juod fit.opushsbtt a/i 
^■4 motus Jpeck,necejpirium ejl juhicclum (fuoi fit m pofrwfij utfi 
«f,df^i im fhiofofhi <jui introiucunt crranoiKm , ucl froduUuncm 
(^uamj^iim citn moium]icumt i p^r/pdfrncis pnncip i/s,Nc<j. fr Jc^ 
dfunt <iuoruniam difiwBmcs , f lattus pateat pottntia isr 
ut a prima fhilojofho confiicratur.f vju« Jiuni per monim,ut Aru 
JloteUi o^auo tActapJiyficorum tradit . Si^dcm id nihil facit ad hoc 
fropofmm.nam ccnfit ?hilofiphm,f nomcn atlus tr potentia , ul 
4 prirnj) phdofopho confiderAtur,m plus ejfc : ^uonitfm tnlis potentiA 
ir aUui ad plura fie extendiUnon tamen,^ rep'eriatur aUus ({uijj^h 
4m,hoc eft,ali(iuod (t^ens cilra motum,hi}c enim ridiculum efi.nimisqi 
fueriU,ueIle per earn Philofophi iuthorimtem ,( quod »i/.ci ^ui Jam 
ficere conantur,)dtmonj\riretJfie alijuod A^cnifmc moUi , Q^are 
4lb eiuf noil efl auilumfiunt enim decepkonei iic impofiune fotiui 
f itficiplinie,<iua$ cucuhti hi ddficrunt , ut dicemus in ({uxfiionc ie 
credtionc,in primi philoJopbii;iT alias prolixc dijj^utauimus cHauo 
Vhyfxcorum^CMtra Grdmmauium, Vroknde diccndumefi, relati§c 
nem agentis nuUdmeJ?e,mfi ad psffum.dttji ad id (fuod acc'ipii fuum 
tffc per motumilT ex (fiiiMor caufti , ut a ndiirali con ftdcrantur, 
Jiu(r,neinf€ dgens Lr finis rel^idunt motum : dute rcli ju^r puta 
mattrid ir firmd,e^^lum.Qudre agtns ut a Phyfico conjiderac 
tor n$n refjHCtt proximcdtcfi immediate ipfum eJJ'e ejfieclus'. wf^; fig 
m^ut termindt motum , ^uonidm in moVXihustion efl uere finis , Ml 
AMrroes fife doeuit, Primus PhilofoplmspoPsJijuiiem fccunium 



i(pmHt fuJlaHS^ifiii et mitzria.jii i re fint iatd €§ufit , igitii is^ 
Jvusjnouttzs\matcti» utrcjt firm&.fer motu c^Jlituut c c m . Nw 
igkur refer kuf tfficits,nrf fr&H, fine motu.ut av^csi fYirra fhih 
fif'hia.r.cq-y loan^GfaM SmfUttiligut fitueri crctfho , fu« 
uojlfiiJhcologhnucufitur, t^ef auiitJuse ahflvahcns Jicuniu 
taaotie/iuafi im fit in te mufcr^; mnus ta cJn\\iHr\ia funt, (^U€ ai* 
Jiruvi icjm^lki iman^one.^^uiitm long4 uis Atnaij\m fm^ 
flex cmcMAtio.no i aElhiut faffi<^,fer oli^uoi tfcctf it U:feifi'u 
hil aiiud rj},f eonfiruatio fotentite, tjufl ahud agit ir fatitur^t^etp^ 
udm irrfontrtnt ucthi Awfrcis fttmO ie ccch, <[U€ wientur aJJeiL 
tere, calum defenderc alia dcftndertm f per mctum hac enim J di 
Jr tuolt, ut difces cx frim<i fhdofcfh'M^iT' »»/ri: ncm emmHo , III 
ufrrfotur fhl-' fH}jus,eJl (^u^rdo a^ucd fmcifium infundii dlkui 
tribuitjjoUiwxa. tr fdCuiicttm.cjuQWQdo a idh m h^c mfiiiofik 
mientur u'ututes ewcnare: a coclo, irq, Unqi atitfice ir in nos , cm 
inflrumtnta cocUffic ir medici c finiihus frincifohlu^qi mtn.lm 
^cuhatei adfva organa emtnarc dicerc rhut^^ fcli(.Neq, oliter- 
ittUigere luet,ueluti audks.Cxlu igituriftimu aUerGS,f%imutr.f. 
aces naniralCtfiodcx fritro mouttt.et nc mote cof(mitur,Qiip<nh' 
knmrdi.et frimo fhilof flo cogr:ofcitUf:uew a na(uroli,njotcr Mt 
caii fors agnofcUuv euf fer motu decUnLAtq, id cM hac xfino^ 
ta ceu arti^x alurat,el guhernat otdmiq^i CQujf>: jid ({vadames 
Adfc mcuet,ucluU tkmUajUwhcruf foffices,Ht(^5uthlro M« 
teottti^dA uerc mediate. Ad hccc frofter dmrjcs ir.ctbs,^l, dctuVp 
ia crtus ac itrr:tis,et fetfi UiiUtis i author . ram neU' fv9 f iircul9 
,tbli(^uo,ncuarv giticnu ac corruftion^ t ctuji, eutlc/qy ({vare hiCi 
mcijfim ovatiY ac ccctdat,trotu tCt jixard JieUmi^tttirnitriifidl; 
cucmadmodCt hho Cumdo dt coc/o xJe^tnmmt <Jcf<fvr, cl 



fcrmtnut fl(inetMrumuiieturagercfimtattm,(fuommexcitat m§ 
rngtrisrationis 4C corruptioms Jimm,pcr momm uero flchrum in 

tndnhumjescontinutr funt.i^usrectttrnimKmJiciunt , lm^> non, 
unifirmit^r res recipiunt mfluxus a cxlo,atqi rius rci caufa cfl mas 
ttT\a,frofttr fuam otaf Ki'cr It- indc trrmmnonem , de ({uafuftk 
fitis fupcr^i im lo((utifumus.nim a mit^ria proucnit, f res natvras 
lesftntinpiuribus It non fimper.fttf m ilh fir tuna, nmcr'm , ac 
conUngentia,^utmdmoium (cxto primr plydofcphtemonuit (juoq; 
^rtflot^Us, Habes crgo,<iuomodo in ho: ntundo ft nfibili, omnia a cce 
lo.ut caufa uniucrfalifiriem It perfi^mem fuam adipjfcauirfim 
perqi hie mundus jinfihdis fccundum partes gcnercmr fnon tamen 
ficundumWtum, f careat contrario tdtuffua m^teru conjlct^ oh 
<fuf m ctiam unum ejl,ut Jlamit Phdofophus prime dc cocIq . Pjl 
unum ccclum^ac unus frinceps:f optima entium diffofitiounu prins 
cipium re^iuirau Nf^fi fiis ej} dtccre, cctlum m mrliorm flarum poc 
ntiJfecommutwri.Q^ncnam confittndumefl^intellgentias dc Dcutn 
fer cxlum frguidere huic mundo infirioru^i tpfc in fuis partih.ciuee 
frouidcntia opus hahtnt.jenfililus mumHombus fit ohnoxius.Cxlfi 
uero, hoc ejl corpus orbiculare.nd habet ea opus; f uno eodemf mos 
do femper fi hibeatinuUaqiieo accidit (emeritus, tp mat^rice expert 
ft, quT utdix\mus,temeritatis ,ef} caufa . Epergoccclum medium 
^luodiam corpus,(juo infira fiiperis ne8untur,iT a quo omnis mfis 
rioruirtus dependtt.M erum rejjeclu alicjuorum, ut puta ([uarudam 
tkmentvrum affe^muni,!luas in Ulro Meteoru alias enarrauimus^ 
ejl caufa particu\ar\s,hoc eft.ejl proxima {jr immediam ejficies cauc 
JaiatMusmundtjinfibdiscfkaHja uniwc r/i/is.^uanww Sol ir ho 
mfgenemf kominem,ut docemr jecunio ih^ftcorum, CocurrU ir 



glgenerdtmcm mulcarum,urjjjmm,afum , ir fhntwruw,ceu dr 
afix inttrcedcrttr ir^HrumentOf^iuemaimoiu in fartkuUrihusges 
ncrationih cxplicibitur.Scdht: emcrgunt non modtcct difpcultns 
ks,fr'mum,mie Jumamus nece[fmt^m:dmic.^uarc dicimus con^ 
tingcntti csrerecaujd ^/ffcrnilMtfm,^} cmafpridfxorfiinfurrJfwI^j 
^UitfmtXqua^ fuhijCiantufJitD ^w<r^; fitgencratiofitnltkQujlus' 
ut fdtisjiatjbre licet, res cfua: natura ccn flant , haud utio fc hdcnt 
modo , qu^ddm mm ftrnfUces , aha compoftttr funt.fmflicci ab 
utrafytationc fnnt, (luorum nete[fms umfirtmi f/f , eodemci; Jc'' 
hihct modo non fccus <j; cJJ'e . rebus uero compofttis necejptas ([ui^ 
iem inejl , per fuas caufas, non tamen efficicntes,ip fr<tfiediri fc p: 
JJint. Atqi iccirco in rebus naturalihus demonjlratmes a caufis 
efficientibusadfuosrffec^.us non (unl ptijftmit : f effecius imfCf 
iirinueant , ohmttriit indeterminAUonem , <iuieuarias multifile 
c^ff formas rec'ifere psf. Porro aut necejfims ({uce a materia mtur ^ ' 
Vhilofofhxs apfellat'jrneccffms fmplkiter.nullB alia el ratione, nt 
ft fee reru naturahu a materia oriatur, Nq; aliler ijjerert fotue 
rut f no dgnoucrMalimfuh(\antiam,frcettYmatrrit At recefft 
tas ^ijii^fnroficil citur a forma isr fine , ijs nuncufatur neceffm 
fuppofmnis f enim res naturdisin motu fit id, ut t^rifioteles 
quinto de Generatldne mmftlium tc^atur: jfirma uero It finis , 
ut iam antea ex primo de Generatme dictum fiat , eadew fere fuc 
leant rationem : iccirco i\uecun([, necejfitas a firma , ac fisnefumis 
tut , ex fuppofitione nominttur , nam f denies antzriores funt n 
cutiores , non a materia fumenda ejl ratio , Jed ah opere , (^uia in^ 
cidunt.hitc emmefi utilitas &fims, cuius gratiadentrs ayiterit 
ores ciurmodifiguram fiint fortiti , df^; ea propter ah opne ir fi^' 
ne fumenda ej} necejfitatis ratio, Quamohem m^Kria oh id e^l 



mniraCauUiffirmamemhris Le^nis: (fuoniam ammd itffcrt 
0J2 mmcu Hacfinc uia iirimitwr c§nir(iuetfia^ c^a iuhitati [clct^ 
4n £J}in^iio Jirm^t fit^uatur iifi'mclwncm natcru y an c CQnutrJo^ 
N<tm cum firmaohtintat rationcm ^m, faUui ejl ikcre, f dtjlins 
^io Jvrm4c, fitciufi dijiinlmk maUYHc^uthahet Amraci ^cundat 
ieammaJicctmatcmMcJI fors watcmlU fit fignum d'l^nnanis^ 
Jkmct, ^recQficlufu ^ucrrmo3(luo Phyficorum, ffiho'r.f^gc: 

rcta H<ifec$ igif ur> (f ncctJJiuiSt mqi dtflmtiofu a firma, utieg.. 
Jlinatur fidofu$:non autcm a materia frimc\ qumaimoiwn anth 
^uifcnferunt, fcrjiiaj} nuVumcjlc fubjlantiam tiifj matmam.uelu^ 
fiframommustir Ar'ijMes jifttwo ^atiji oUauo[rimfr fhU 
lp/c/I<r iocct. Qjiiws fic dtclaratis, fatert pum,^ ah omnius caus 
fnfumifofu ncit(Jim: altamtn i fima.ut fais efl, caf itur nrccfi 
fitai fxfufpofttiQnc, cx materia uero, [im^hcjkx. Porro hk locus- 
exfofccrc uiictur utexfidamus, num f /ui4W,^w<r fluit fnh Cant^ 
^Kcr uullam hahtt nc(ejj\t:txm,^i:r <\u<z hycmc, ui fium^ntum fux 
irifcatjn proffer allium jinm. Duohui mcdii uidftur hie refk 
fonicrc ^imfliduStprimm ^ fluuia ntqi hycmCfneqi ajlate ftbi 
froffonat Jrumcnt} futrcdy>c*n:fid hoc cufr.it cafii. haudaiiter (jui^ 
monjjra ir}[€(fu^tntur a^mem naturccraro cnim injccfuiiur fluuiam 
fuircdo,Dmde ini{uii^firf natu) a uxdcutur hcc cafitficctc, tos 

iwcn DcUJ, (^iiieffnaturafvfciicrjUt)turrMufa,utcuD5afrogiu& 
te <f <JMO dnijs^at^Wcrm hxc Jicunda re^ondcndi uia tUden 
fofjitajlruerr, ^'Dw cognofcat farttcuiaria, cuius cffcfuum 
ilikidammuuVKinium i^itur fu(o,fhycmcfluma tiongtnercx 



iw ttmtrh^i^rum oh I J ut Imils gignsnturM gjlute fit a cifik \ 
f tunc vuUa fit intent'iogcncrAnii humiiafedfotius fKca hcd mi$ 
terii ob fuam inictrrwimtionm fojpt tlim Jirmm recifm, Et 
^uamuis ex ciufmodi fhuia (^uxiamlnuniucrjo oriatur ftrji^xoM 
Umcn ti non e/l afcrihcnid alkui caufa fer fc, nam i^ucmadmoiu 
Mxit Hipf Derates ficunia fechonc Afhonfmorum, his {u<r non cx 
ratione Uuant non oportcljiicre, ncqi multum Jhrmxiart maU,(^ux 
frtrter rationem eucninnt, flwrima cnim tahum flaliha no funt,nrq; 
multum durare, ir per manure conjucucrc, ftc neq, laudetndus ejl 
effcHus ionus , cuius ciufieJIJorfuita , fto medo Auicenna (^uo^ 
git, return ah errore non laudiiri,Qurd fi (inccras, an Dcus fihi fro 
fonat ir intrUigatfrumcntigcncrauoncm aut corfUftionem,^(iuifi 
dm ccnfutfim chrijliano ueritnttm rci agnofcenti itue^c afferent 
ium,\ arum fhlofcfbus nature uefligia inuiitus,'.! np^fltif,JiCffij; 
gtncraUoncm pluuitr niiil ahud jj'c8are,fr(cttr incremcntumgcne 
rattoncmni hutnidorum.ad <|tt«,cum ccrto ttmforejiant , fjc^uas 
turjTumMin:rcmcnnim,hoc fitter acciiens»At (igricola^c^ui nam 
tie miniflr/ins earn injic^uimr , comm\Uit ttrra Jcmcn Co trmfore 
i^tio ut flurimum fiuni futredines , Quarcgcneratio frumruti cfl 
frofofitum artijicis , non autcm mtunt ,fcd cms c^ui nature 
iiJj)ofttJOrtCi ebpruMt isr cognofcit,i:r ^d tius rationem frumcnit 
ex arte dif^onit. Prci<iJe non futarem ego fojferiorem SimfUcij rc 
Jj}onfionem efje f>eripatheticam,isr ueramifid artificem fcrjc non 
4uttmnaturdm,aut DeumJjfeUare ir fthifrof onerefrumtntige 
nerationem.Ver'um cj^ertferurfusjatis comnioius dutipindi locus, 
mtrum menflrua fmt tntenta a namrajitaemm iim lotjuimur.j^uiJdm 
jin[erunt,intenm i^uidem a natura.fed uniuerfaUiOon autem fartis 
£uUrlnam f bi: filius jui gignttur habcat fcx digiios, hauijuaf il 



fM>frefolHit^enmm pifcr, (iS namrd umnerfilis, QuoJ pro/cSl. 
i^cium fi\f\l[t^J*^ eJi.Uijuit ^nim ^x^jlo:tl€s,^umm degcncrati§ 
Me animalium^ fidr non junt opera,uel naur^ communU , uclgeneri 
lingulorum frofria horum nuM ilicum ^ratid aut c(l,4ut j\i , fci 
nionJlri,nec funt naturx commum,nec alicui genertfrofria, 
tur fimt frccttr nawa urn unmrfilts qi farticuUris inunUoncm, 
Dcmic irft id tnbuafur wifrri^r, j ffrofnr juam indcttrmnatio^ 
nem idefficial^aucmadmodum ctcttranaturAlia ip/i afcribuntur^ni 
men mturie afcrihtur.Morhus ^uiJcm fanm conuemunt ani 
mdihui.h' morhui jc(\mtur namr^mmatnue ,i:rjamms Jirm^ 
tjl comcsinon tamen morbum ahfiiute dicemus naniralcm, nift cum 
conditione.Porro in auibusfrciluentia funt mor.Ura, ceu in gahnis 
uidere cuerii id accidit ob fartus fre^ucna ac multitudkLhx tis It 
^u«f,<juo facloirfb^ naturahb.neccffiws ftepne fctidaicu^iijims 
fn graiia cum oU jxunt.ab ofere fumcntur farou avimahu ac pli 
taru td (luahta^rs tu (juai'mct.tiuod! arubusquoq,, ut ffftimo^VoU 
ftcoru dcclarauit Ariflottlcs,locu hcbit . ncuis fujr. tfon jxttmex 
xi^iitf, ut uerjtvru^undiruvme in.f etuj fi flmere necpieat: na aieo 
magna utgubernari non foffit . cjualn ejftt ft longitudmc Huhum 
fufcrarct . in naturaquof, funt certi finesxerttijirtrum miigmtns 
dines g^dtfitnentkr Ojert, Et^quan^mattrkendtwfmiS'Jibies 
t{um,fnrof>ter qutritit9Km]ut dcputntur,tcmen Jotmis^fcrquai cow 
fofim natuTolia aSiones Jiias obcuntjjubd tirminum quantitads qua 
litntiffftbifrirfcrtf turnout alias quando de augumcnto difpumhis 
mu$,af enemu5.Qusre ft quando exceditur limes ac ttrminus magni 
tudmis & qualitrtisud fit fratrr nature inttntum qua tjl in rr fcus 
erda ac merfkra.mhil cmm m ncfura eJJ in Qriinatu,ut dectt Ar\Jl§ 
tiles o^Auo ^hificorum.Katioforrc ttrmim ejl ajirmaiut mdcttr^ 

mnatmis 



mmdoms i witcria,uchtifvfr} ^uc^; alunJctxflicutit.ns. \cr6 v, 
in iuhium uertitur num qu<r Jiunt cafu.jiant a ccm definits(j, caus 
fa,cum dicamus ea /fiju/ naturamat^rnt.ir qua: hahcnt ccrtnm cas 
ttfim mat^riakm, habent qucqi efficicnte : naut inquit Plato nuUus 
tjl effrcf us, quern nonproccdit aliqua ligitima caufaSolei fratrrea 
qu€ri andcturagcns <rquak , ti; fuanan>ranonni<igi5 unu ^ffcfis 
tim,qialterumngdL Qjt^rcuthircfxpLccr.tur,friusui(lcniium . 
cjl quid fit cafus quiiucjvrtuna namhj-c caufis quidcm cjfe kotpi ^ 
num. conlcnfis Jiitis cdocci : idq, cxftrictia qucq, doc€i,U(rum quo 
fa^o inter fe dijlvyguantur non m cuiuis fant.i:rquonmm cajui ct 
firtum inter caufas,ijr nonnuq, mfirefficluyreccnjintur ; u( fros 
fr:( nihil slwd fu mfi halitudo quadm cauja ad efje^um ncn in^ 
tentum , icarch de unoqi,dc ccufc. inq ip- de efjcciu diccndum ejl. 
Currq,docuerimusquMunreJTccaijfcirurngcnaa,frin,um injjuie 
dum ucnit ad quod caujir genus njcrantur I rcjlkc ncn rrpnw 
fur in matem^quandoquidcm firtuna r.c fithy 'nur neqi fguratur^ 
nam non (Jl i^ fc fubie3um t^cUu$ fir(uiti,ncq; cafus ten.i re eueni 
entis.ceu fm:ej[et enim necejjaria^ejfetq, fars cfjcUus. Scq, ejl 
Jo.maquoniamferfirmamresfml rxcejjarw^fftreifars ecfub 
J^anna.^dh(rCfn^efl cauja ut Jinis,naw fais is diatur cuiisgratja 
a^ens orcr6tur,& popr que materia mouetur. $ed caufa ha^d 
qut]^ Jirtun<r,autjQriuiti effeclus gratia mouet.nanj fiuuna,ir fi 
fro cauja auif 'iaiur mmen non ftofonit r,eq, intindit (f.e^um fro . 
duHum^neq, motor eJcUum iufmodi firtuitum,trnq f:ofumJI<g 
Hat. nclinquitur ergo,ut fi ^rtuna f>o caufr. habcn'da /if, redica 
turadcaufamelfiaenum.Cateru cum caufirfflnens fer fccf^el 
leturars ei &io natura,ac deusicaufa uero fcr accider.s (fvh qua Jit 
iunaab Anfl. collocatury^ecejfario reduci dcbeatadahquaearutn, 



p$t per Jc 3icuntWf,ic firrl iclcAtCiufa ptr [c ta f f?.<[u« fu<i ni0 
$ura,fuifp fro^nftone agH il ^uoi intcniit ir e^:it , ecu me 
iicus,(^w jmmtzm fihi m^i fcopum fnrofonit, cm fcr fc c<fufa c/f. 
Qjri fi contingat mcikum muficum ^uo^j cl[e,ut muficus per m 
tiicns fanahtt nm 'dfanare iw^;, mciico fcr Je compctchat . \tn fc 
res hahctxt in c^Slu.na ccgcr ui ifgzr finatur,^ fi cueniat.icyrii 
tjft muficumicum aM Urc fojfit naturcc niufici ut agrotzt ) Unh 
tas if ft utmifico,critaccuiemria Porro cum jirtum nccji inter cau 
fi5,ntcinrr cff clus per fc rcccnferipnjjit : (lucniam caujcrtfjcs 
Oasq; per ft ccrm ieKrmmatnlji (unlfirtuna ncro, fiuc pro caufa, 
puc pro cjfcHu acap'.a$,inicfimM incertuq; cj\ > cuiufmlt (iint iUa 
fiT per icciiins fiunt,fortu^a igi^r inirr caufai per accidc»s nu^ 
mcrinia cjl . Cgtzrum cum omms caufa per aciicnt , /?/ al cuiut 
caufcc per Jc ncciicns : // Jortuna i*ifcr caulks hcum halcre ichct, 
inter cas <ju« cx eleclione isr prop^fuo ucl ftr^ a^runt , rcpo^ ' 
ncndi uiictur . Qrtrc firtuna caufa crit uolunuiYii, ^uir p^ 
ncm <^ucm fihi propofucrat , wn ajfcii'.iitur . Pr.im.fe (juiagurit 
ah appctiru iT'uolunmtc cum Jinc fuo fi ujldntur , <jurm pros 
pofucrant fir dium tcmcre conjctluwitur , aut proiucunt , iicun- 
tur djcrc a firmna.finifip ita tcmarc proiu^us^k c&ufacjutc tiilcm 
non H rnlehii , ixcitur finis firtuitui . Qui fihcnus fucrit uocatur 
ivrvxiti] fin mafas, firM\\x,hona falicct mdaqi firxMnx . Por» i 
cafus.ft propric capinir^ac ut iijlinguitur a Jirtuna, cjl caufi nm 
TsImM^^ nifwrd fuum Jincm qucm fibi proponchat^no attingrvs. hie 
iuTcm finis ejfsilas cafiiihs ir firtuitus quibufdm nuncupari fii 
lef , J eiufmodi a na^ra nonfiicrit i^Jlitutus^hic fapc cucnit chymi 
Jlis,(iuoniam jlxuxm ftbi coUrcm proponent fnccrc parpurcii , aut 
ah^ucm ilium tQimrUJortuna ii9({> ipropofifum nojlrum^cuvi ah 



id fine (jttc Jj}cSAhi«lerrdt Si'c Cifis cjl nituri ^uit a Juo ^utf^i 
Jinccrnt Quare hahituia ftofofiti no flri^aut nature ad fnem no 
inmtum.affellatur firmdisrano ctjui tr Jurtutic,Umc coUigUi 
eiliui frofriu in cafu is' Jortuna^tfc^cclus j tcmere fiut,rm JmU 

hguas,no f uiquii fit in fauciorihus dicimui a ftuna ucl cafu fie 
fh Licet omne ({uoi a fjrtuna ccjuue fit.raro cotivgit na lahor fdis 
deft ^usifi raro,<^de fit',ueru mmen f habeat certa dfJlr.Hacji cauici 
hi2ud (^uacfii fortuna uel cafii fieri dicemus . eius cettn fa cauji 
ceriuj^t ii^ui.ai\ rfeclus Jirtvi^5,nec certa icauf(i,r.eqi ifjc cert 
tus e Quod fi injles uideme alin-r fc haherx dicas'q^ ejfcciu firtui 
tu certa obtmere cdufamicp an\ma\i% frofofnii errai fit eius cnufi: 
fic cafis naturaerras caufi habetir,[ {^uidt direrim fufpfituir 
naturd trratem wr^jud^j!; t([c cntd kgititralj, caufit},{^ eir(t innui 
mens occafiomhAncidat la i natin o ^- arti i:r upluti te. J dem ^ urfi 
jo ttendu ej] de e^'cUufoftuiti ir cfl/i<flli,(j mertus eftjhoc ejl no 
frfffinitus ah agente ah eo no JjeBaretur.futn fi^s fodies fr) rci, 
ui arborc pldhfcf.mucnirfi thejauru.fodere ^e eji flmndi iavji 
fcr fi:;tnuetto uero thefauri ejlfortuna^cvq; id Jit honu dicitur lon€ 
fiortwiSm corrk.malacisfoduns terra ut flantitarlori,a /?rf^nfc 
£lus i^guct; e ^dc hoc aJortuna,(^ucmd id r,d erat ih p o^cfitu.fci 
. §ff>ehtur mak,c^nocuerit.Quodfiin fitfeniu cofia fodi> a fir 
fete fcriretur^haui c^ua^^ id ftcfrie tnbutndu ejjctfo* tuner, fed f$ 
nus fodittis temcritnti afcriledu,ffodiat locv jcrphit, ahudaum, 
Simiitftr f^s eipius^fahuli ctuiditite i locu ali.ue cdcrjjcrit , uli ab 
h{]Jlih iC(lumts euajit.naturalis qdi tfppcnws erat fdhuluattumefor 
tuna et cifujd^u e,ut is affetitis fua Jihi Jalutis caufi Jiicrit No^ 
fptame re ignorare,cafus nomen nonnun^t cu fortuna iOnfiindijh' 

S 3 



,ftfi propril^jlmitur cibea iiflmgU9^ , PorrJ tfui lepmunt firs 
tunm ejfc aufam ntJiM ir ratmi hmana xgnctu^ : ^ firtufKz 
\ tationm nm conflituunt^ut fatis hcUc Akxindcr iibro dc intrVcEIu 
Jftxfhcauit ijid Jlatuunt , m (jwa hominum hahitudme id taufcs fi 
i^hahet fir (una, ir caufa ac ratio in prortjpfa f/?.nflm c^uinrumt hac 
caufam (judm firtunam nominamus,is c^uid fu firtuna ^uoqi cognos 
. £nofcct.(iui uero ignoraumt,cau(am non fj'f^^Jjc nr![; [M propo^ 
Jiaffemfmodi effelum,ts etiam quid fit for tuna ne fact. V fitter c a 

■ jt cuiujj}i3ni cff'eclus caufcc aUquihas fiiermtt^notec , ijr al^uihus 
*- ttof ^pro/e^a quid fit firtuna oliquibus pcrjjicict: r , alquihusUt 
•TJ minime ft cnimiut res plinius tradatur)dicant ali^ui frrturam ta 

ufkm ejfje )gnotnm,qux ah ommhus ex crquo ignor'^(ur;^(rc lane Ors 
' erit uaticin^tri^,qu(Z nuHis certis conjht pr.ncipi^s, ir ex qua nis 

hlcerti cognafciptrfi qua\iigeom:int\a,isr ch\romant\a, qunrurn 
• ffmiifxi nihil hibent certi: quamuis \j ^ui illarum Jiudiji incun.lit, 

ujjirantfc complaraincantntionihus ac carminihus ir arujhuiha 

<(ignofcere. Ar tnmrm Ih. de HijJoria animahum frimo , et lib, 

■ froblewatum ajferit , qj ItKC^r lata ac p^r frfr.m marum duclcc lon^ 
gitudinem utter, acrohurdejignant. Qunr'e fj quid habere certt pu 
np'7f ur id tntum ex ajlronowia niutuantur, Ca trrum qui cinfent 

i»firtunam infcientik ignotnm ef[e\ nec ij quidcm reUe defimur.t fijr 
tiin/i: quman\ ignari nec eas qu*dem [cirntias, qvx certa kahentur 

^ ^ilknt ProinJe dicenium eJ},qu'o{ firtuna ft ef{ ignow nohts hac 
Jit q>ii3 non ft dcfinita ne'qi certo caufa . Quare qui nituntur effc 
Hus firtuitos ad certam ahquam caufim redigcre,\j ferpcram agut» 
CXihd ft obvf6a$ homlnei reperiri.quibus omnia qux agut, beri fic 
cedunt ; ir olios contra. quib. o\a malh It num hac fofjent rtii: 
ai certm caufim I fmt qui id ajcribut Dto^quemadmodii ip- in 



' Jomwa;titnnienmn ptimy,^f^^^ fecunlts caujis^ 

Alij rejvrunt ad compUxionem isr temperie, ^ttdns horofcQfusir 
Strllarum configurationes lrgiun(ur, uerum mihi lti^frafcptifi %a 
^ cenium u\i tur,b(miimJtrtunamJ:oc ejl ej^x^umlonumjitf^^^^ 
hoc ah ilio frouemr^,ep fcr acddensi^'corfueniat ilmparticula 
ri non per certain caufam.ncij; per ca:luw,aut Ocum. ijr ifumuU 
iifrc({ucn(ius uni ifi dim ufu uctiiat non mmcn ejl ad Dcum\ ci 
hornfcopum najcentis corifvrcnda cauja : (luinpotius ad firtunam, 
temj,.d caufcm per accidcns Ethcct altcui cotingat , ut fi^:^} fit 



r 



tunxm.ix^amcn a^m id uni ellfroprium dicimus rarum cjfe.ut dli 
hi Uti'us dijfcremu's. Dixit (luidem Ari/7. uhi eft plurimus u.teh 
lc%^ ejl,i:r paucaJrrtuna-Mcrum uh uuli dipvgutrc caufas,(pua3 
fi ^ .(T./jw a caufi f er ac:idens,ut Jortuna.m^uilus crm cjj muliui 
• in:eJlSui,eJ1 caufi per fe:at in^uife. eft mulw firtuna^ej} caufc per 
axidins, Atf hxc arenas mihi di^a fmt de bona Jcftuna ; nam as 
has prohxior cum theologiiinjhtuetur diJj;umo . CattrumMc 
fuccu) rit non kuis dubitatio.an (juce fiunt a cafu ir firtuna ,fiani 
'icaup certn ac legitlma ? Kefj}ondert ^uidam.f ea c^ucejunt a CA 
fu dr firtuna fmt inarm nob:5,r,atura,tamen fmt cota.ciuare M 
'tur(t ([uof neceJfdria.noUs uyo cgntingentia.lnuentio igitur thtf 
fauri mtur a Jorfuna'^uo ad nos,u'erum nature eft wejfir'ia.dicU 
iur uero contingens.^uodiluo ad nos nen fit deterrr,irfm, CaterS 
hcec aduerfantur Ari(1. (juoniam ficut non da^ur contirgens a Je , 
ir necejfatium ah aUo,ut doceturpyim de (ocloutn no dohitur net 
cefarium a fe,& contingens reJjeUu nopi. Demac , tjuoJ ejl 
per fe tale,cum ({uocuncii comparetur fcmper ifltule.fcd idiiuodk 
natura deferminatum ejl.ejl perje bile, ]giiur fi corfireiur nr 
fcwii crit p;rf€ talc. Arill. item IrThcmiSlius primo ?oj]cr\ori 



"Antfl^Scoruinl^d^rnf,^ hmenlhrdfto alf^unt non JuhmMt fegi 
* Cdpf u ingcnij nopri,<iu9ntd fer fc laiis e/1 tm (Juo^i fj^'^us.j fua ntf 

tun hi cam fcr fc,(iuauks ca honiinijii inccrw, no tn p»f itw 
^fthbitur con '^ens m ciufa,rut offeBus fcifCT Ji crunf iKcrJfa 
m ex accidcnn uero cdnr\aennd.fiid hac, diJim^uHur taufa i^r jc 
^JimfcretcSut influrib.fumqi fua natura talcs ne(j. auomodant 
, caftui 'tngentjnojlTL'^td ^r.^. I'ky. (ifuity(fca<fu<r rarijlutjus 
**nAtura fint talia.cjuarc no proftrrnojha co^mtitfnc (itnt (lujmoi!^, 
Jed ^^uia /la nalura funt a^ta natn ji€ri,quod fi^uerr. ^uo(f> cocrjjit. 
DiccndutT£0,(jf caufieoruJi( mflfprw (ju« ol fitam indfnrmmaj 
tionemfi habetad utru^ffCemrarm ac fro^tcies fixtt frimg fhis 
Ujifhi<g,utJufra^uoqi monutmus connngentia ad mottriam refit 
runlur,ceu ai caufam iniet^rm\n0tiQ>\\i tc m iiffncnt^cr, C atrri 
hicrurfu^cmergere wditur duUimuoddam an refcnatur chquoi 
^«gfns conti^^gcn^ I7' indfjircmje ^uo ^uerr.rum fi^uhtmajtcd 
io Phyfi. digltiiatur. Putnuif.w. Auicr. (ji agcm uolur>trtt iy \nu\ 
IcBu fu mi'ffzrtns:Cu ^rlJI, dicat^ip agem ntionalc /.J ad utiiqi 
contrArium»agen5 forre naturale,tji ad umim a: jvnguUrt. Nf <|i 
\dcaHtrationt,cum emm no/urtf j.l iigfns.uf jn flurifc. iy fcm^tt 
ijr rarojauont ^ucqy confnum eji ut fit agens tT<juale, idq^fai'dS 
naluram cut ttmen aduerjctur ir aia ratio, r,am ft e fjet alh^und a^ 
^fns^i^uod itclualmr iuo agtrt fofjet.non hoc fotius ^, lUuJ frodu^ 
certt . Quarc nM froducerct (f> ron fit wmr r iUo dc uno j, At 
fllfrro. Veriiiw ir.ih uidetur rejj ondcdum,^ Ucct ratio ft ad off oft 
tv,^uo ad fotrnttam agtndv.aitnmen utaUui afflicatur,f(mfir mas 
hoc f lUud aget , uel rcnc ucl fcnfu.ronc ^^c,ijuonja mediu dct 
mojlrationis Jiculmip^dgii ad unu ^,ad altrru iiwj eUitJcfifn ucrOp 
^uoma tffc magis adalttrutru fro fc Jet (^ui cum in ^ic^uatur rS hoc 



flit (fuoq; ffotius ^, iHui frofdmt Qunre ro no fof cchSi^fris f a ^ 
jenfu I4f I dfc fl/i^MO tnedioafcnfu dffumpt.o,eo diri^a'ur , aihoc ut 
(U'jimsgU amfleEleiii^Vrmde licet ro jm mdct^rminaUoc ad utrvl , 
profcndci; cu in aUm\ iugitur magis ad hoc ad iHud accedit. 
Atff earn uo^i ohre infrflf£7u5 diumus no fot ce hdifferens ad »r.u 
di creattone f occafio icforis^ut I a\ud ad aclmc neccjjaric rejsitu, , 
ncc^JJano<{uoii} frcrfcns ftuMio (^roncs Aunr (luib.octnuo ih^Jl^^^ 
ajlruercmtitur a Deomhdnouifroduii.n^U^us^JJcnt rfomctiaut , 
ej[icad(r. l^'tur (C({ualnns e in fotcna fc[Jiua',at^ i c r c uolutai no 
Jlrk ut f<iJpo,c(\ mdiffo is\ct ut ager,s cjl dcttYn:ini,ta ah oViSo] 
Ufl appftini fcnfus.ex tfuo l^jufi,^ fo/c^u irdifferens ct ccpadi^i^ 
oniSfftt fotctia mattri^emm ages drttrm-naiu e id!l> mmjifla r'ortt 
ffrfuadcturSijde e't ages efl in c[iu, lcdnuoieJj in.(iBu, (Jffrrwi? 
mtur magis adunu f ad ahud, Atq, m v ttH'^i di let , f j'Ctentia 
indiff'^renticrju ffottntia reel fie: ,iuxm Thlfufhi qdc flaca . 
re lu inteUe^iUs isr uclutis dicutar foieax indifferetesjwc inttlligc ' 
du eJlyUt funt fotentt r recifientes.ja it agentrs.flmt quapa JjeM 
iifirmatce , tf <jua mchnatur ad hoc wagis ad illud froducendum, 
Qwjd ft i*ifles,£p fofjm fcdcrc et no [cdcreiconcededu qde id t]\, at 
Umi ad alter '1 agendii determtnor uel ab eleBtcne utl alio (jucf ia, 
gtqi id ago,(^u(iu:s antea ad uu uqi era in fotrntia. Q^re uero hoc 
fY4e lUo cigam,id innumevashalet caufas.Porro cu Ari/I. ii.atfo 
ifntiam raUonalem ejjc contradiUionisimtzHigit ^ fotena fn anceft 
ijr iniiffcrens ad recipiendum duo contraria ; ir ad eo producent 
ium per juccejjionc.froducitenmfrimu unu dfindealteru, At^f> 
§b id Auer. ji zw fmrum dc^lruUmu9l dtcerejdet uoluntatem no 
Jlram eJJ'e fjjftonem in frncipio :f(d ut per una fjiecit injcrmatur 
ad unum agendum dctermnmr • id ^uod cVa Jcnfit Arijlo, rerii 



ie mrni^cm A\i p rmcipw tnoius huh (Jft tffvpch'tvm cum jj?ec5c 
inJirmAntt,cumfit immciiatum ngens, ^uoi moucti^i* ajitit^nuoii 
mouins immobiU dCfrimutn,(iuen)tiimoJum ipfc ro loco iocct. Ves 
f uf« cum uoccmi cixlum pr'irnunt alterans, (^uod a Deo, oc intMii 
gt\\ji necejjeric moncturj (^uajlion^m nj(,dn ^ua necfJJ'itate mo 
ueiur ah mulhger^tijs^caiem moueat cScla hac ficrglolo lura [u 
lijt\untur ; cfucd efl (junerc neccJ[\m faU. Dtmii uidendum 
efl.anidewfitprouidentiaauodfatum . nam ^uou(linus uiddur 
dicerf,^ nomcn pti j\t Genh/mm,ndff suiem ChtJiianorLm , cum 
incimt^hrguam cohilc^irmcntrm ret'me:<juafi ucUt (lucdfigicndu 
fit nomcn foti, ^uodq, ratio fiti fit ftouidentia. Cuidh^ff^us 
quo'^i Ajlifulari uidctur , ut inft a pattltt, 

AN F ATVM SIT. Ca^.Xl 

Ommum hominvm dc fato f(r\ttr\t\af(jtiifro\>a\fcium 
"j^JJ^yi^ rr.ultarum reru caufam: hcct unus rffugncl Amxa 
goras.i^ui id ofnmno tilli: ir uanum ejje nonjcn connt^it . Vfru 
iniUarennlla iUirfl frajlandafdcs,cum{ut uulgo dicifclcnfimo 
fum no ft ex totv filfum cjl enirn (af Cicero ^uo^,- iw^iijr) hommii 
confcnfus quaftnaturie uoxxamohrmfhilojcfhiron dulitjmt an 
fitumfitijcjmn modk'aintireoseji'diffc^^^^^ in? 
fiihusrcbuicxiffjt. SUlcn juilcm i dxlo cucnirc , (jux cumri 
nciiucunt,Lhryfpi'us. BardefnesS^rus^Ocnomiius^iT'Dio^ 
gmahus$jjerunt'jitim((;cauf^^^^^^ aiunt.Alif uno 

tonohfcuriphilojcf hh fztum om^iumrffe caufcm nrgtun rrM^tn.n. 
iiiuntjitri, Qafuisr fir tuna, <jucr urn caufa euitaripcffit {Iceraqi 
itiminmanunojlra^at'finnoftraejjefotrf^^ Quapropttr ut 

bxc 




hifcgnfifiorum h fitfoflicita imottfcant. frtmum nomtn eft 

SENTENTIA PLATONIS DE 
nomine Jnti.Ca^.XlU 

aWatuor <iu<eiam nomina faffim apui vlatonem efl leges 
re, ncrrtfc airajliin in (juiwfo de Rf pufc. fcitum in euiut 
hik in Vh(eiro, leges ({uas Df us dc uniuerja natura dixit cockjlih* 
anmis.in T imteo'^Lr Lachffin in Pohticis Qua hoc faUo a Pla 
tomcif dijlinguuntur. nam per /Kdrafiian^ir ineuitahilr fcitum, fro 
uidcntim inteligunUfcr Lachcfm, mcejfmtttn naturalibus indua: 
pfr leges uero de uniutrja nitura,fleriqi omnes fh turn, <fug fine lex 
ejl or/io,(jui infublunarib.fcruatur. Sed ut exfluetur hic ordo fcU 
re hcei anm&m mundi apud Platone in tres fartes dij]rahi,m ffh^e 
ram incrranttm/m Planctns^iT' in fublunaria h(ec <\U(e continua as 
Uione faffwnecji agitantur, Acfphara S zUarum ^xaruw tt-r^pf 
-Jiocf nuncufatuT.cf muUo faclo fli Uetur , neqi ordin€m fuum mutet 
aut uariet. Planctarum uero ortes.tjui non uno motu cicntur.afftl 
UntwrH\Qb<i Ndrurd fojlrcmofublunariumf ^a>(^to' i (f uocalur, 
Cum igiturjiiium muUifinam confderetur, in flcUis Jixis dicitur 
a Tf OTTO? inflanetis xAfi^Sa,^ ui hcec omnia in nolis rccif iuntur 
A«\tflficr <iuipfefi:tum cunEla htrc comfle^Uur. Tatum inqyefl 
lex nobis fromulgata,inJlar diuma mens, a ^ufl h^c lex initciJitur 
Jiruanda a nobis iuxte nojlram conditionem, H<rc uero lex, 
Jiiium afftli&musJeUiberandi faculuinmrelinnuit,iuxta Plamis 
iecrewie fVci' eiufmodi lex fuh conditione,futa, fx tnlem uitam elegt 
ris , huiufmodi facieris : aihanc iJIamu'e ummeligere , in nobis 
rjfl . E< (judmuis <lu<e jemel elegeriSy ea jntnli ea lege fati nc 
ccjje fit : attnmen ad eiujmodi uitem awflexandam h(iud(iuaqi 

T 



fitum comfcHitJcl uli ultro tdm nuh C9gtntt ekgnts ,fitnh 
ita lex Je comitem adiun^t.Lex tr£o tr fitum ad caujim, ir W 
m imm)ai antzccicns nos compellitnon jicus qi is fui legem frof 
mulgat ut tritv cxcmflo res ficilior reddasur exempligranijttjuis 
homkidium commi^U,morte funimr.Hac lex non cogit , ut (^uens 
jU4 xnter'mas,At uh id tua uolunmtr f)atrduens;certum neceffmu^i 
injiat ex'ttium: Atqi im Laio c^uoc^, diclumfoit , ft Ixheroi fujlulnis, 
occideris, la etiam rhetis fHiofrtedixit, fi ad Troiam fugnaret,Ji 
mtconecem firaturumAtrm apud Mofen Adx mttrdirlnm fiat.fie 
fru'tium u\t(Xguj\aYCtS\:{u\iem ft,eum ederet , eijccretur . QuW ft 
fitum fuijfct in caufa.aut tUi liber u no Juij[et,alterutrumeligere:uel 
utiifi uetitum haudfiijjes neficcret.namali^r ficerenc^iuiuifjef* 
Verum (^uia fottrat non ficere,iccirco iUt i^feratum fiat ne ciufi 
modi quiff iam comittereuAt in naturaltkusqucrconjilionon aguns 
tut, fitum tfl\ut ^ualem firmm fierint fcrm,tsh frr.t aclus , tas 
liacj; accidentia,(jucr ratiotic firmer lUis acccdwit .nm mm e fidU ut 
eiufmodtfmt fed uietufiiodicx alijsincocelfisordir.etur.lgntsifp 
fiobtTilemfiamnaturamyfvlluniiria calficiendi.extccandiqi fi($ ^ 
cultn(emohtinet,Q^ circa Platu dicebAt,caufief{ nfud ofcranict 
Deus extra culfam,At^> ex his quid Jit futum fccudu efium fatit. 
QVAE AMBIGVA SI NT IN S b' Nr 
tetitii ?Utt,niu Caf. XllU 

PKincifio infjficiendum uidetur,fit ne idemfecundum I latvnt 
fromdentta ir fitum,an diuerfa^Si idem;ergo qute froutde 
tia/adem fitv (juof reguntur. Chind f} hoc dicat mthi,qu(rfiC hal 
ctdius,rebquiq} ?lawmci;qum froutdenham in or dine h- mam cor# 
f orw orbku\m%Mbet habere Deuskum (emfer eodem modo in or 
hem uertAmrinuUiqi labi ac mutationi fit obnoxiumxumq^; eadem r« 



tl$nc i[ui a frmclfio eonjlitutum fittfcfjiueret,fii frouiietia Dd 
#pii5 babet^.iUi fi^mitm 'miigent fTOwdtnticty(^mt non hahent nams 
ram conjlanrzmtncq^ eundon fimpcr Icruant ordinem :Jcd i^uorum 
fubftantia c(l ttttrna ^ /rwpf r^; jhtutum ohferuant ordincm ; ifua^ 
^u«r/o,opMS hahent frouUcntia^.mdtgcnt ^fuipfi agents cognofcertte^ 
ut nucmadmodum fieri dchcnttftc jn^afcrfcucrenttWa 'um cum in 
iUis nihil fit /wtMrum, fed omnia (int in fine,non rjl of us prouidetid, 
f u<r efl rejjte^u fiiruri ut doSiffime ^Hoi^i no$ Alexander in ^tt<p^ 
flionib fuis naturalihus docuit^Deinde in rehusquas tempus metitur 
<}u<c habentjuturum,necejfaria eJJ frouidentii, at ^u<r funt in 
ccelo,careni fii(urOt(iuoniam omnia funt fnefentia: ergo in illisnon 
enja(um,neqi indigent fnrouidentia.cfua tantum necejjaria efl.in ijs 
ubi difli»guitur pixurum a frtrfenti, Ad hcec fi ea fen:tntia admi^i 
tur, fcienna Dei ejl coditionahs nam ft Deus cognofcit me fatrare 
hocfi:cimus,aut certo cognofcit aut non. Sicetto cognofcit ergo net 
ceffin'o ad id fiicinus commiinnium imfeUor , dliotjui Dei fcientid 
Jalli fofjfi, ft non cognofu^Platn fibi iff non conflat, Nflwj undeci 
190 ie legib.in(^uittOmniu reru uei minimarum Deum curam habes 
re.ac inteiligere.lr fojfe, Vraterea iut ^uia Deus id fciuit, tdeo fi 
mum efaut ^uiJ fiiWum ef.iccirco fciuit.non ef fits iJlud dtcere, 
^ma cum Dei fctentia fit neccfaria omnia necejjario euenirent.WcM 
rum flan multa fiito,flurima natura ac fotefatt nofira euenire fits 
teiur . Qnare aut concedendum ef, non ejf z omnium frouidentiam 
{^uod non coherrei cum frxdici\i)aut omnium cjje euentum neceffs 
rium,Qu^d ft Deui agxt nieceffar'\o,<^ma a^io em imfedm nf juif, 
^uodheri htec materia banc formam fuerit f}rtim,dicemu$ ex necefi 
Jfttate itu fclu fii\fJe.<\uodtn ?lato minxme fatttur.Hucaccedit,j> ft 
lic« funt ciufce ej^ciites fermaru nattiraliu,cu cotigat a^ioneife 

T if 



Jit f imfrXifnentf! crit neccjf 'm, fm 'mj^eJiri non cm^yigif f iff rtl 
hoc moio efffUas crit ncccjfmus.Qusre omm fiue imftdiawr.fi 
nan]ncc€l]arih fu(nUnt, fp ah iffn impfdtmcnm oriantur. Mu/tf 
in hanc rem diximus in UhcUo nojlro da faWf^utt moio nc prchxiof 
ir€sfimus,omittimus, 

^ QVID PLOTINVS SENSERIT 

dc fito. Cap. XIII!. 

PLotinus Ithro defim,mulm tx Vlawnis pnttntiA trciiit,nmt 
pe,fu<r fJnt \nfit9,i\u<fuejuh JnwMindi nuomodh clcr cauis 
ft agant,nf<i', a cxlo necefjfmftm fitianm Jt.ct ccclum h" utftnL 
ir ut agintxoofcrewr.Docet (luocfy if'io paclo anim ncjlrafii jut 
fra fiitum,ir in Jito,lT fih fatondb^c Dcus i nos lihcre agati 
i:rdcmumiri(iuarationceius influxus f^rdfcdiatjir, Sunit autin 
uniuerjum,(lu€dam jnUii ejje , ir fKfdam fieri . De his i]u<r fits 
Ua Junt,nec amphus funt,cum non fubfiflint.mmmi e(l habenda rd 
HoM his uerh ^ii<r fit^a funt,ir fnhftflunt almd efi dicrndum. f\a 
id cadunt in primum diuilmis mclrum Si^uidem ca ^ua fhtit part 
Mr h ea ^uccfiunt ab alio,C7* ^ti<c afe ipfis.(^ua ab iito pendenf, 
ilia rurfus diuidit rationc.nm aut (imfcr Jiunf.duf flIitjuflwJc'.ror 
rh ifu<t naturam habcnt I beraa corforf.ra fupra fatum uocaf,aitq> 
fia> fcjU(/(jm.], fubijci. A< <}u* corfora funt.in fitw, isr fub fiitu cp 
^ tr](^uit ({uomam fiut fcmper isr interne, fme mterdum ir exttrs 
nemou(antur,aUoofu$ hibent ,aduenticiain}f, reopunt jirmam. 
Quire \^emocr\ti ofmonem exflodtt^f^ ex awmorumcorcurfu OfV 
ran ^igni cen|ebai.nam(^i(!lm hanc tutari u^let , ut omnia jzto fub$ 
flerni co:edat,mnino neceffe ejl,fcauf(rf rimer fwt corf€ra,at^ 
omnia ex incomfofitv in oriinattjif^ mom oriantur.mhil enim ordmd 
iNifi ex inorJbnato froucmre pofrjf » A < ucro , nojlrum corpsjil. 



ifuoJlam umucrfum,a coclo non cogi tfif; «f ^; imma wunii , wJIriH 
tfjct fii a Deo f e Jerr ;tf f^; Iccirco ccclo ({uo(fi fr^ffdre friiqi fxn ' 
ferarc.neq, lUi aus f\€Cf(j\tntf comfeUi . ^od in caufa ejjc mtfutf^ 
^uare homines comnum cyadio curUi non fercant , ip- ncijuif^ 
omnes eadcin hora nafcantUTin:ulti<i),eadem hora nan codtm uittt' 
t^mino minmc daudantur,iiuinetim dmrfn ejji mortbuSfCjuod ii 
iffum lycurgi €Xf eriwrntr m can'thus mnare ajjcnt . Poflremo' 
qflendit Plotims^JnmmeJJe MCtffitutrm^uandam cun^v impofw- 
mm,cmmma tiuiifinnflrafuhifcktur.fi (^ucnio jcnjiium tJjeSiW 
dginir,tunc enim fotius trahitur,^, mouctur. Cum ucro corf ore ej} 
0hfoluti,tunc fin feruitio emancipari /ii(i>excedere, At<iumdm 
cor fori immergitur,eo^> finttliarius utitur, oh Jhcu\tnttm urgetnhi 
lcm:mnc animam ceu igentem dc oferantem una cum corpre in fjr 
tocjjeait;agvrfq',frofirtunieconditione,(iuod iffum innuit (fuc(f$ 
Homerus, ^uoJ r?r(io de animi nctat AriJIoteleSfCum inc^uit , Talis 
ejl mens ttrrejlrium hon.in'am^Quaicm in dies tnductt fat€r howi^ 
nuwqi Deum(i,yocat€ut homines (erreno5,iiuorum Deusucnter 
Vlatv (luoil'f in Tyma:o in(imt,nimirumanimas tunc difccre famlts 
leges cum uehtculis coniunguntur. flf/ji hmc foti fumuntur txordii* 
Verurn uirnAtem hberam ejje^ijr ad animam Jj^etlare,tam humana^ 
diuina iurt doceni.Hincli(iuidoconJUt, animam Konojlringi nes 
ctffitzte,(iuowam £r fi cunBct caufa conueniant,tnmen anma, cum 
fit una ex caufisj)dhet liheram ^oteflatem retinrtcj, eleBionem age 
di<^uodiibet,Wnde reclc mjvrtur ex Plotint jendntta ^ f ft omnct 
confftirent cum eletlione animct, je(^ui e^Rus^aliki miniwf . Proint 
ieex cius dogmatib. farticularts caufas.q, uniuerfaks efjicacius age 
re coUigitur]'juiqi effSus accidut ab ortu,eos non a calo.fed a cau 
fis foraculmb.ortri, de inde adiitngerc je ijs ejfe^ih.non tamcn ejfe 



fr^tfuS caufim,^uie necejfmd affirMjjiui alitn itf, imumgiri 
rtctis trmforum conj]ituhoncs,n(m mmcn nec^Jfarw pornndi.Quart 
cxlum ffottus ejjc fignum,^i ucram efficadam gut cdufam. Df m^; eM 
^U(f dh intiUeBuali frincio omm firtiutur.hbera ej?e;nec ab tjs men 
t^mnojJramfan idaut^mapud ?lotinum interne umt, necabhis 
<ju<c fenftbus obuiam firuntur , ducit originem dccafionem'uecafUz 
Verum amma liber e operatur nuoties aliunde non prtepeditur, f 
t9 n9n jubijciaruT Mabel nihilominus baud pauca impedimenta,nemf'^ 
§rganorum ineptim,d(emonumiUuftonem ac uehemcti[fimu cogita 
kom woniw. VnJc hebetudo,oblimoJlolidims, fur 0/^1 tiafcitur:(fu^ 
omn i rationem i uerafipientia precipitant. \taq: (^uid fit fatum, et 
(fuibui infit i:r <[ux eius fit nfcrffms , (juaucfu bommis Lhcrtui, 
lam fitii ex Vlotini (^uidem placitit, li^uere arbitror. 



:^ID SIT INPLOTINI SENTENTIA 
ambiguum. Caput. XV. 

EX his Plotini di^ts coUigere licet, animam.ut mancipatur cors 
pori, fubjnto tjfe.Vt uero abfoluitur.nuUa fitah lege aflrins 
V'^Jf^* f^P^^ fhtum,Werum turn in Vlotino thm in Platvnicis relis 
fuis multa deftdcro.ndm cum amma nunq, pojftt abfclui a corporis 
lecejffttatibus fuciUirx mutuo commercio obttngunt,id(f, a nature 
:oagmentnnte,£iuare etiam utrius(ji funt communes,ut incjuit philojo 
^hus:non uideo c^uo erit fupra fiitum . Cunt eiufmdi po[fiones pro$ 
leniant concurrcnte adiuuanteqi fato^i^ natura femper aut ut plus 
'mum adfint.(fuin potius fj ab ijs fclueretur , eflet prater namram. 
^ecpojjimus dicer e fuMertate idficere-.c^uoniutn hte necejfttas 



ks,<fU(f ex muiuo conccnfu prouemunt.tvUunt conhaiitHoms isr in 
iiffcrenticclihcrme/luam in caufa efficients Vcripathcacus admittt 
rcrecifcrctii fion fottfl,uelut in lihello dc libero arbitrio oflendimut 
etenim c[ute uocmt i\btrtc& in diffcrentice It contradi^ionis fajfto 
€[1,1^0^ dclio: n€([i in caufis ejjicicntibus ejl kcec ajcndi indiffcrc 
tia, licet in homine fit fotzntia ad duo contraria, non ciuidem fimul, 
fid uicij[\m.nuod uel infe corSlat^ut iucjiiU (juoij) Arijloteks rrrtto 
de anima,f homo cognofcat finurum, Adhcecc Plotino (jucerendi 
cjj'et .]uo fae^ocxluni,fit ftgnum ir frima inteUecliOyir uoluntn^ 
115 a^ioX ^Jiic uohtio,fi placet Jicmr ) non fit a cafii: ijr niim fit k 
lthertnte,an a neceffitak olie^'u Dmde fittum uidetur dd fcribens 
dum effe corpori,u€l ijs <jtttr confet^uuntur corpus nm a Vlotino as 
n\mt:(ima confentit cum cor f ore fub fato coUocamr, Sed neceffe efl 
ut cum corporeco*ifj?iret,ergonecej]ario fub fato coilocatur» ^wj 
autemneceffario conjentiat confj^iretiji cum cor fore ^fatett^uomm. 
tius unto non fuit lifcfrtf^^ttflrcne^jiin fotejlate eius ejl,ut fe libtrtt 
a corf ore efl enim in faculmte iHius ^ui earn cum corf ore Mniutf^inv 
de eximere aho^ui fi penes earn effet fe uindicure at:^, abfoluere, fu 
iffet ufi in hbertJte fuJ fi unire. Quod ft dicus, mmm utrunq; 
facere , ir /c unxrt ct ahfcluereirelpondemus id <fu\dem uerum ef 
fi,rmone axioms inttUeSus ir uoluntrMs ,fnr,en ut uncj< fe a corpo 
re abfiluai fieri neftiti^uimmmbmultis de nece fmtihus efl indiges 
corpori5.Proinde\pm(r£isuel minus cor port firuiat necrjfario al\4 
irli^jud ab anima noflra,inuenienda efi cauja PorropUtonicianimcm 
i Deo immediate produci pro confiffo habcnt: Weriim id credents 
ium (juidem non tnmen rationibus perfiafim effe iuiico, ui \ibro de 
humtna menfe docmmus,aiunt(j> ipft uti ali^n uehiculo, et(iuando(p 
w.S/eru g ncxu aj<c corporis naturalc ec ponimuSjac necejf trm 



pn mmm.^i corf us ful fito tjfe.nc'f Inie fi fojje cximcre,djje$ 
rendum ccnfcmus.Si cnim animd fijceximere fojfet a8'me atqi ef 
jinna-aliiin foffet fua uirnjfe fubfijUfC «c ejje citra corpus . Quid 
ft fua ui fmc ccrfore fuhfiJlcrchauifottJ},ncc abs^i, corf oris aUio 
nih e'it.Et ({uamms intcUcciio fit facultas no organic a;tnmen,ut alias 
i€daraumus,nei:{u'u ejfc fine corf ore , UcrtnuUa a^lio corforea 
^inteUeSione communicet.nihiiominui indtgetammi Jcnfu corfos 
reqi ad inteUe^toncm froducendam : <iuod mhil lit afud mtelleclum^ 
quod frius ncn fuerit in fenfu. 

CHRYSIPPl DE'faTO SENTENTIA. Cdp.XVr. 

POrro Chryfiffus longi alittr f fuferiores fitum inKrfrem 
tur.i^uiffe afudeum,cjl fcrits caujarum qua euitari non fot, 
cerjfetqi omnia ncceffario euenire,adeo ut quicquid homo agat, a fri 
mtecaufce motti^lsr coclo defimatur.lnquitfratereanihddijferrek 
frouidentiaiijr qua afstv jiunt,a prouidctia fitri. licet eo dijjerat, 
f ut efl Dei uoluntvs dicitur frouidentia;ut uero efl in caufisjffel 
latur,eflq'* ut faulo ante daimus,meuUohile, \ thine trium farcarii 
nomen,qua its apud latinos K«T«R'n<^f «t(ri» , (ut grceciloquantur) 
fumftum futes.Cutr.enim Jitum fit ciufmodi ut euitnri nuh fa^o 
foffitjixerunt farcas,qf nemini parcant.ejfeq, fcrores.Quaru pri? 
iTifl A«\%flri7 fltirvTow A«>\^«vci» q^ fctlicct firteeueniat,nuncu 
fatur.ahcra uero olt^otto^ , if uerti mintme fojfitiir tertia xAoj 
6# , ordinate omnia teneat,cui ofinipm isr ajiifulantur foetce, et 
ratione non caret. Homerus enim wquiv 
Non c/?,^Mi fixas farcarum auerttre leges, 
Bffiigere autfo^it, Lr alibi 
Morrait5 nemo f'g'>et dccreto fcrorum; 
Imfrebus aiqi frohus debet fua cor for a morti 

Idem 



Utm Omiius fio^i ftrjuilcf cum dil/ - > ^. > ^ 

Tu fold infufcrahilc Jmm. 
l^itt mouere fo(ts» ir Vir^iliuf, 

^anent'mmotatuorumfatatihu ijr alibi 

Dcfmcfdta Deum jlcUiJj^crarc frccavio. Sune 6r rAtiom 
f U(f ti comfrohat.Primum naturaUa mou(ntf<ja mouciur,i7' mouct 
ca ratme,q mouentur^fed nejpir'u moucmr (^uari ta ^uo^^ ntu^m 
te mwenttdlioum moutrcnt ,i:r ahcffi no moucrtntur ;aujy im omm 
ejjcnt Cdufam,n6 aut cauf(c,Qu(>d hinc fcrjj)iiuu euadit,na id (^uod 
mouctur ir motu moucttmat^rixcfl.Ad hacc Dcus necejfario agit 
trgo tunStf ncceffano faiuuntur.anf^cedcns afud Phiofifhos cons 
Jiffum eJljUntio ucrh frobamr.Deus ogii ffroftcr fine, no Ju{(,jii 
tffcduu,iiuem dut froducit.atqi itn Jinn ejjccius ncccffario fradux 
tmrminon froducit,i:rfrujlratur fincVrattrek orhniu cffcUia 
f€r Jinifi frctf^diatur ntccfimo froducitur.at omnii f jfircifus,^ui no 
ifeditur,i e^'cclus f€rje.€rgo omnis effeUus ntcfjjarw ftoAucitur. 
Miior profofitiofttttfir mnor confim§nir hoc faUo.cJlo (di^uis 
cffs^us cotingem ir uarius.puto inuentio thefiuri , (jm cjl effcil^s 
fcr accidem n^ff fidmtisjiic arrtn cjl per ft cffcUui caujcru con 
€urrentiUsSi(luidcm dux caufa,mmiru fidkm x htc loco^ 4< 
pontn% thefaurii,cnufie funt t^uarr thefiurm inuemtur, neijit'msm 
ucntio impcdin fot,(^ma caufis po/ins.tnn^; cfuas c^e^us fmt confes 
cutttneujjmo fi^tur t^c^usMndc mludas,fi oheffc^us i fn fi 
j imptiiri M{ft,oh iUu cocurfum nece£'ariu owidwo e,ut is necejfarii 
eucnidUDcindt eflo hk fffSu»,ncpe theQuri hucntio.firtuitusiaut 
^eritiput Dcu firtukuSfiutnoSt iRudckedas:eria(^uec no fuhijciU 
mr D^i prouidctiafin efl effig^us p^r fc i{u§nd Dcuprrif ^uo^ji per 
a ju0 ai oi$ aliis ciufas,Qime pali crit{<^uomi Deus agit medii$ 

V . 



if cxh,c(tlu ucrl.cC fit d uviuerfihs ieUt,u^ fff^^u freiueat Ig' 
here caufam farticularc)f>atrt infjjuctifar Jc DaefffHu quonii 
fiQ eft JirtuUus.Quociru fi eu deus fih fcr ji ftofomt mouct fcr 
Ji di cu froiutedu, ProptercM ferfe ([uoqi inuatit meJis (futr pnr 
Jc ai turn moucnturdio^ fieri foJfet,ut D fiis fruflrartiur. tAcf 
liitf fmofimt Ciuft (fi€ Dtu atqieffe^u inttrmedicc imrceiCt. 
Quarc oU iD<f cauft per fe fiU ffroponunt cu ffftUu. Doiif i ot% 
ipiniflncj fhilofofhoru j tuentUf^uc ffajjim uccam^ cotingetia,c6ji 
rut in materia et lihertaiefin uollme^orruct^ni mhd hord reftrie . 
fur,97«^;itt fictneceJfario.Anteceiis decUratwr.tfuma uolum nr 
cejfdrio feqtwr i(eUeHu,at^'* iccirco i necrjjar'ta.t^uare patcf , j %teUe 
Stus fit ci nAiurahs.ij'igat neceJfenriOfUelum ueri i comes inirCf # 
filtfs ferinie ul uhrCL corpow,ut i»cet Aiirrr.iA.prrni^ fhtlofcfhiir 
ti.jf. trg9 neccjfms ejl. Dcm^i nuon'j^ matarh c ci monjlri, uer 
hi gratig bominisbictfuirxof ts materia crit igens/jute Ji foni$ur m 
£€n5,necejf(trii fcquetur efi^us isyfUrrnon erit connngem et ra 
fu$,jed per Ji, At^fi hacienui de Chryfi^fi JimnWa^ 
Q^iD SIT CONTROVERSvM AC DVBIVM 
htChryfifftpkctto.Cdf. XVIf 

AKiJloteles,Plato,c<etftiqi fcreomncs fhlcf fhi.hac Cfcry 
yipfi fintenUam detcflantur^ac in frin.us A*ijl^ lib, de hi 
terfretntJone,eam ad mamJift'fpmC deiucit indmcdu Ji inijiiif oTil 
ex neceffitate fiunt,whil Ofus eft aut ccftlmre.aut res agenias ag 
gredrxotra tn fieri uidemui^irfuturaaf lurmis frvjj ic nr^cur.iir 
t^dere quoq, eft apud eundem fextv ffimce fhkfifhi^. Qum 
Homerui earn increfat,dum fodyi ait^ 
Accu^fiC Jhlsh fuferoSyJlultiq,qucruntwr 
tAortda,etenim noftrorum caufi tnalcrum 
' Nm fumus^iz fuaquteqi magii uecordiaUJiL 



b Alhre,^ita:ttficratlsexmf^9 uulgatius,^o dfilas oU non fieri \ 

k' ncaffttatj:^, cjffi i ^no tantu fhdofc^ fotuit.ut ingemit nafur/r^j mit 

7 tarU,titqi ah wtvjs m quir Juaftr MHirient.froji^enfiJftmus.aM 

r carit, ^ut cambus iUiS lycurgi f^ofulmus.in (futhus injiuwio id 

!» ilfprw ft J coegH,i{uod alter figtrct. Dmde,iUt ipfi,c^ hac opimr,i 

i tutantur^in uititdecUmMnt ad bonos mores hortantur, ccmJvUnt ,la 

If udant,f:r uiciffim laudantuf;muUnii; in eogenere fcrthunt; cft^ \ 
a ^^^^^ fi^^ f^g^^ ^ff^ negaucn^. Vrarerea fi cU Jierent nam^ 

t rd.nnUi efjtt uei lam ucl wtu\'ermi:r malus tuxa ac benus nafct • 

If ref fir. E ( cCi Arkft.fhyficiifi ois tres ob rones malos ruadere contrn 

\l iant.ob natural), f, roni ac confuetudmcMna tnntu eet fonenda cti 



Hucaueditfip Bardcfims fcribatapud Gallosiam olim moleuijje 
ufum nefindn fiO fueri jfubhci nubebant:ne<i} al^ua lege nototan 
iur.Yierifrcfiuono fotrrat,ut otsGaUtflorcnttiam crtate, uentr. 
ri ir MercurtUyin domo Mortis It Saturm,termino$ accidenm'i 
sshabertnt fotijfmu cu GaBiidkfrimisdetrflentur in freittiOf. 
ir eos ^ eiufmodt notantur flagitio, grauiffinta Ignommia f levant 
Sunt et rones Petri Vcponatij q Wc jentenxia mcrdicus dcjendit lib* 
juo de FatoiVeru nos in nojlro ciufdem argumenti libeUo eis Jbun 
ii (atisfedmus:(iuas f^m f>oJlulat,indc femt licebit, 
QVID SENTMT ARIST- DE FATO.Ctfp.XVFIJ. 

Nlcolotts Perifateticus^eolib.iidemundo Jiilio Arifl,Mjcribh 
tur,mulm de fkH timme adfirt, verum egodencwine fa^ 
rum jc\hc\ius,^iQo duas ejfe in nohn caufas froftcr ^uas fc<r indtffe 
rentue ir vndetermnatioes prourni^Dt Snxm ^u<r utri e(\ in not 
his atqi in noflra fotfJlate,ifu^ eft ratie ac intelltSus ut in Ubro nos 
Jhro . An hmo Bonus uel malus uoUns fiat ditimus £r altera, 
jU4e ejl materia {^uam frimm nominmusja cuius indelerminationt 

V jj 



(ut Kriflottles (fuirto if generstidne stimdhuMo fffiusi me fm 
td,docctyd ^u(r nmere ir Jircuilo ac Cdfu J]unt,oriuvtur.l<lon tnmi 
dumr wu/2 effiaU iniiffercnii^.cu no refcriatur ages ^ ^uair,ul (u 
fra iocmmw, biCC fcire licet f iHa ({u<t riro euemdt, fud nature 
jiiM aftanataimfcdtr't^ut m flurihus,ammen notmfcdiur.tur nccff 
fmo^ne^i oh dUam cdufum.mft ff mdttria fua i dcttrmindtiofie foji 
litfirmds <fikr imftdiiit recipne k caufis tdtttrminatii'^ux quiuis 
uocentur fcr iccidens effictentrs,tamermd nulla cdujamcerantredu 
ci(iucuV^u€ hucefjrciu fhrtuitu per fc wtend(U,Quin dd hunc cffe 
SU froducendum.hic cdufdru wexus hue fjfc^u pfr fc hdud<^ua^, fit 
li'propc>iif. Pa«,yi <\u\i Jidiens ttrra.ut planttt aUtfdinumret thts 
Jauru-.thcjaurus inucntus eJ},no oh fvjfions fic(fi oh fldnta (fudm fibi 
frof^ofuerat^neifi oh tflttjuS j/eUdru conjigurationcm:jid caufkf 
ntmpi Jiim ferra.ir flantnrcM fbf /auri inuenttoni conucncrunt 
ftr dccidznu Mq; dxci foi conueMu jlchru fuxfft fcr fie 'ufam , ut 
mithemdtici conintur iemonflrarcciuomanccejjtict ^ flli<jttti Cdufi 
farticuUr\s,ah einfmodi (Ichru cotm.dd huccfftciu ftoduienduni^ 
nemfe di thefiuril inuenisniu ,fn fc mota fhijjct . Veru conucn.us 
J}eUdr\l nuM Cdufam fdrticuldrem QutuJj^iamcfjeBus j hi frofonit, 
i^uoma cu //cD<f fwi cauf<t mu''r[aks,ffarticuldrem ffff^u, nctura 
Jibi frimu no proponanf Si«jW«J( w unmrjolcs Cduf<r,j tr j< uniucrs 
fihu efcUilfuni Cdufic.lnuenti9dut il)e{duu,c(i ft fdrticuldris cfi 
Ji^us , nrjptrv) hahet Cdufam fdrticular(;mc[uer redij^t cd cdufdm 
umucrfalcni,nifi mains medijsncinn Qudrcacdufa ur.iucrfah non 
dcfromitur per cjfSus firt\cuiuns» Neij. fdcs ddhilhid t jl fra 
JJi^idtvrtlus ijtii in jiftgulai li'UJ fe ^itx-ra fnrdictre fojfe frojitrns 
ntr,camiji crtrm Jmulfu,(fUii fin.fltcib,(ir,mis injpoKfln/, cjucd Ales 
xmdcr (^uoiii monafccundo dc dnimi. Quart kt (^uid fcnUndu fu 



Y^ffAt^frmum ul lemiumefltn^uihsf it fiiumM 4ttiriHS ^uif(i 

i^s^i ^ucrpmfcr eoiem je habtnt miiotdc unifirmi motu d^tur,ctu 
in cxlejlibus ; nuU^ fa^o ratio faU aimi^tnda ejl.fcd ntc tn 
ihcmAik'ii admtigtnda fjlfau ratio nam f t> iangulo fmt trts jngu 
II duoh. rcilis if tjudlf s;nf c exfa^o,nef ex ctujafatnli id hdct. 
Quin ncc in mturahhusfAo locui tj\,(\ux ordinatcm ccrtamifi gene 
ranonem ohtinent ea nanq, extra fatum omrdno fofita funi,non enim 
Jcl fiw,'tn hyberno aut <fJliuo foljhtio uerfatur* Quare fateimur 
ne(elfeej},fjiium in ret'us gcnerationi Lrcorruftim JulieBis .([Uie. 
foffunt adofj^ofm firri t(feriri,VroidhAnaturi,n6auti(trtr fatu 
uerjatur^^ua igitur ex arm ac frofofito jxutjtxfato eximedd funt 
cd fj(o Jitri dicunu$,(^u(e in nojlre non funt arhitriojcd a nds 
Itfrd. Igitur ul lu flurihus cjuemadmodum irea (fuce natura jiunl^'M 
autzm necejfmo Jiunt ea tjur fatv euenmnt ir kt fritter ndturam 
Jiint <ju<r jiunt rar$ Atn It <{U(t fiuntf dto.lUii'y ^lur cafu fiunt it md f 
tern extrajvtumfnnt,^ a nulla caufd certa iz determinata JiQnU 
Yoium ergo ^uii fecundum Alexandrum , ir Ariflotrlem prim* 
tAeteorum ijr <\uinto fhjfic^ auJculta(iortts,fit naiurd. tmen cum 
duo fitu fgnijico det^rtnirdtionc Uge^a^uaiin flunlus cuueri 
dico natura, fignifico caujam a (fua oUtones frofic'tjluntur^iire dijli 
guiturfctuinalurdratione cafvSfOYtc,cujmtextrd Mlura funt 
extra fatum; It d nuJla caufatfficxente dctermmatn frouemuntm 
Qutrrcs Ji^tuffe an Deui (\ua: funt frgter fatum ir naturam cos 
gnnfait^nam fi cognofcit funi dtterminata isr certa,^i in diutna no 
ticia nihil fit incerti.Sin minus cognofdt,(iUiedam Deum Jultet fiige 
reac latere uidentur, Sed huic fiikxanderfatjsfacit intjuifns, Dfu 
ediUorr9do(ognofcere (juofiunt,dcJunt.Si funt cajUfea qu^ fieri 
fojjunt cegnofiit,nomtnicdfu fieri utifu^ia funt, tsitliki,n (\t9jen 



$!f€ cm eo ^ol Jcnfus (onfirmdt,^ ^uol 'mmsrai§. Qui J p 
rj9^cif5,l>if>n ietttfrnttc cognofctrf.at fi iUinowffet ut 4jj(rt^ 
mus, fcientia DcifiiUi f(yf}et,e(]'ctqi cmtingcns , i^rffondcndum 
rurfiis fato,^ DcMScodcm molo cognofcatrcs^tjubfunt acjiunU^ 
Si flint fvffMts arrtf <j> fim cognojcit cat ut folfibda, ir utfie 
yi ^ueunt . Qwjd fi mrum inj}es, ft Df I4S cognofat res ut po jjihi 
Ics fcmtia Dd ii«rtarcrur,n?^i ejj'tt JlabiUs. Dicemus diumam 
fcientiim f uo di res,u»rim non foJJe,cum res fofjibihi, fempcr fit 
fojfibihi: atf itn utfoffthhsa DeocognoJcHur.nc<f; un^, Df us ah 
ter rem nomt,f ut efi. QmoJ fi dUo modo euenmt,(jueda, ca De 
us non cognoMt,nifi f contrario moio fottrit euenire,ne<i> hccc ins 
itffkrentis iudicat mutations- ifuis femper cognofcit rem foJfibtlL 
Nccpofr/? freterhoc inferri Oei fcientimnonejjedetrrminatnm 
' ir ctrtamicfixa Afud fhilofcfhos,rcs i Deo eo modo cognofcuntur 
ipio fiunt et funt ut diximus j^vcJ fi Ad hue pro(eruht,et ohijciat 
Del finenafffecmrerUfUt Ari/J. duodecimo prim^ fhilof}fhi€ 
teJlAtur, Dictfs earn ejfe caujam rerum in uniuerfali, r.emfe moiu 
\<fuo etc melijs corforihus.namfi concedemus Deum res cognofcete 
tfc intell^gcre,nccejfe i,ut eo mo ^uo fiint ac fiut^cognofcAt. na m k 
ccelejhbus corforihus eueniunt. t^ef, uere affirmandum arhwor 
€X fhdojipht fuiem jententiijes Cdducis ic fubiunaresa Deo cot 
gnofci fub uniuerfali uel fsrticulari rone.tjn^uidemad utiuncji je^s 
tur abfurdum:fi:d cognofcit caufas a f uiius hafiunt iC generatur 
in firticulari uero,iT in propria natura bW cogncfcit^iuft uelm 
mus iictre ^ eas cognofcit in iVii CAufis,<^udttnus J. in corporibus 
txlc^ibui continentiir (fucr quidem cogmtie ib aliji dicitur cognitio 
r^minenter. Et quAn^i fiindimus precei.ut mala auermntwr, ir aks 
Mr rts fitnt.bK fit,ut imjuit Akxinier f Dij jiruiuermt Ucun 



mflm fritabu$,vf eirumtwtU'wfcJfml txereni: f ea fit natun fi 
rr ut fojfn fr^pcdm ; Vcrum ira Alcxinicr mictur forticuUtcm 
(punddtn cognmanem Dro trihum.Quate firttfps rctliiis diccrc 
cumflon habcsmus tliamcaufamfrgt^r Dcum,omni(i nojln 
iOi trihuimus cx fcruulgatu hominum of 'tnmcjif(iiim fiof illijufi 
flicmm tx fide fOftdm(iuec credit Deum fofjecunna fr^fulfire 
atq, Auertere.Attnmen Pcrifatheticuscatjit Deumnoncognofcere 
hxc 'mfi:riora,oh fummam fuam ferfz^mem i nohU d\fiat,cof 
gnofat autemnokliori ^uodm modo,(iuattnus ea tnfiia cjfentia cer 
nitQwtrc fiueeuerttmturJtuenon,id^cusnoncurtt:licei uulgut 
id tHi ajcrihatiut ^xi)ceu Cdufir fuferiorllta ^uo^j; Deumhii infi 
riorib projpicert ijrfrouidcre.neffer fc, ncqi fer accidcnsncgas 
mus: Verm ipfa certa (^uadim babinidke a fr'tmis corforihus guler 
nm iicimus,undc ordinem fartUifanlAtq, hac(ut aim Jixii 
mus,)hahittido fotius efiiut omnis uirtusg cocleJhh.guUmetun^f 
frouiientta iiei ftrfe uel ftr icciiens,fr0frii ({wdcm /exjui uolmti. 
Id quod fetftit ^uerroe5 fccundo ? hyfiior urn, Lumiit, Deum hales 
fefiUtcimdinem circa hcec inferiora , <ju<f non efi uv i frouidentii 
ut rc&c 'tudicdt Mexandcr fecundo Ibrofiiirumqu^fi'mum mtu 
raUum^Atq, hac in frd fentia Ita kuiter attigijfe (aus fit: Ddimr 
enim ih<luandoeadiligentius cxcuticndioccafio Vflic* 



V 



N E A P O L r 

Tcr tA^tthmCMccr 

Sumf hlui S\(tra Anmij Fcntlrj' 
Bihlicfolcr. 

M. D. L I I I. 

hUnJi Nouem, 



