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Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2016  with  funding  from 
Wellcome  Library 


https  ://arch  i ve . o rg/detai  Is/b28775557_0006 


ENGLISH  BOTANY; 

OR, 

COLOURED  FIGURES 


BRITISH  PLANTS, 

WITH  THEIR 

ESSENTIAL  CHARACTERS,  SYNONYMS, 
AND  PLACES  OF  GROWTH: 

TO  V/HICH  WILL  BE  ADDED, 

OCCASIONAL  REMARKS. 

BY 

JAMES  EDWARD  SMITH,  M.D.F.R.S. 

MEMBER  OF  THE  IMP.  ACAD.  NATURAE  CURIOSORUM,  THE 
ACADEMIES  OF  STOCKHOLM,  UPSAL,  TURIN, 

LISBON,  LUND,  PHILADELPHIA,  AND  THE 
NAT.  HIST.  SOCIETY  OF  PARIS; 

PRESIDENT  OF  THE  LINN^EAN  SOCIETY. 

THE  FIGURES  BY 

JAMES  so  WERE  Y,  F.  L.  S. 


■“VIRESQJJE  ACQUIRIT  EUNDO.” ViRG. 


VOL.  VI. 


LONDON: 

PRINTED  FOR  THE  EDITOR  BY  J.  DAVIS, 

And  fol-d  at  No.  2,  Mead  Place,  near  the  Afylum  ; by  Meflrs.  White, 
Bookfellers,  Fleet-ftreet ; Johnson,  St.  Paul’s  Church-yard ; 
Dilly,  in  the  Poultry  ; and  by  all  Bookfellers,  &c. 
in  Town  and  Country, 


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[ 36i  3 

B A R T S I A alpina. 

Jlpine  Bartjia. 

D 1 DY  NA  M lA  Angiofpermia. 

Gek.  Char.  Calyx  in  4 lobes,  coloured  Cor  rin- 
a-ent,  with  a contra£ted  orifice;  upper  hp  notched, 
concave,  longeft;  lower  in  3 nearly  equa  lobes 
Capf.  ovate,  compreffed,  with  2 cells,  and  many 
angular  feeds. 

Spec.  Char.  Leaves  oppolite,  heart-fhaped,  blunt  y 
ferrated.  ,r  -n 

Syn.  Bartfia  alpina.  ^inn  Sp.  PL  ^^9.  Hudf.  F - 

Jii.  267.  With.  Bot.  Arr.  633.  Dickf.  H.  htu 
fafc.  10.  14. 

Euphrafia  rubra  Weftmorlandica,  folns  brevibus  o - 

tufis.  RatlSynAl'iS- 

Clinopodium  alpinum.  Ger.  em.  676. 

T HE  wild  recent  fpecimens  of  this 

which  our  drawing  was  taken,  were  gat  ere  J y > piar- 
near  Middleton  hi  Teefdale,  Durham  by  the 
riman,  and  Mr.  Oliver  furgeon  of  Middleton,  ^"<1 
liberal  correfpondent  Mr.  E.  Robfon. 

this  BartGa  near  Orton  in  Weftmorland,  ^r.  DicUon  tirlt 
obferved  it  in  Scotland.  It  prefers  a moift 
borders  of  alpine  rills,  or  little  bogp  .pots  in  ^ 

rocky  precipices,  flowering  after  the  middle  of  fummer,  ana 

'°Thetrf;etnial  and  creeping  Sps  from  4jo^8 

ith  Si  ;^of^7pofltlpep^^^  .§t“hr, 

coloured  with  purple,  and  out  of  the  bofoms  ‘befe  the 
ers  arife  folltary,  on  very  Ihort  forming 

nal  leafy  fpike.  The  calyx  is  vifcid  and  bany,  m 4 7 

equal  fegments,  tipped  with  purple.  oro  a , , . 

pie,  thrice  as  long  as  the  calyx  clothed  w th 

.Idd  k.™-,  bTyond  Z SZ; 

”S“’bH  ili’sL  cJpWe  O..K,  dow.^ 

with  a tranfverfe  partition  arifmg  from  each, 
rous  angular,  with  membranous  ftriated  angles, 
ZXo^ARhinanthus  than  to  thofe  of  Melan>^,  with 

which  lafl  genus  the  flower  A Bartfia  b^Lg«=‘‘ ^"t  y- 

The  whole  herb  turns  very  black  in  drying,  efpecially  when 

gathered  young. 


36i 


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[ 3(>2  3 

E U O N Y M U S europaus. 

Spindle-tree. 


PENTANDRIA  Monogyma. 

Gen.  Char.  Petals  5.  Capfule  with  5 angles,  5 
cells,  and  5 valves,  coloured.  Seeds  in  a pulpy 
covering. 

Spec.  Char.  Petals  inoftly  4,  acute.  Leaves  on 
fhort  footftalks.  Branches  fmooth. 

Syn.  Euonymus  europaeus.  Lhin,  Sp.  PI.  286. 
Hudf,  FL  A7z.  98.  Bot,  Azt,  241.  Relh, 

Cant,  96.  Sihth,  Ox.  82. 

E.  vulgaris.  Rail.  Syn.  468. 

Hedges  and  thickets  in  moft  parts  of  England  produce 
this  fhrub  not  unfrequently,  though  it  rarely  occurs  in  moun- 
tainous countries.  The  flowers  appear  early  in  May ; the 
fruit  does  notripen  till  the  autumn,  when  it  continues  to  orna- 
ment the  hedges,  even  after  the  leaves  are  fallen,  and  is  fre- 
quently joined  with  holly  and  mifeltoe  to  adorn  houfes  and 
churches  at  Chriftmas. 

This  is  a fmall  fhrub,  with  flraight  fpreading  branches, 
which  are  angular  when  young,  having  four  (lightly  prominent 
lines  running  down  them  ; but  thefe  are  not  always  vifible ; 
their  bark  is  green  and  fmooth.  Leaves  nearly  oppofite,  on 
fhort  footflalks,  lanceolate,  pointed,  ferrated,  the  firft  pair 
only  being  entire.  Stipulae  none.  Flowers  in  fmall,  axillary, 
forked,  divaricated  panicles,  whitifh  and  foetid  •,  the  firft  of 
them  that  opens  having  five  flamlna,  and  as  many  petals,  ca- 
lyx-teeth, and  capfules  •,  but  all  the  reft  have  thofe  parts  in  fours 
only.  The  ftyle  is  fhort,  fimple,  and  acute.  Capfules  pink- 
coloured  when  ripe,  burfting  at  their  outer  edges,  and  each 
cell  containing  one  whitifh  feed,  enveloped  in  an  orange -co- 
loured pulpy  coat.  This  fruit  is  reported,  even  from  the  days 
of  Theophraftus,  to  be  violently  emetic,  purgative,  and  dan- 
gerous. That  author  aflerts  the  leaves  to  be  poifonous  to 
cattle,  efpecially  goats,  unlefs  they  be  copioufly  purged.  Dr. 
Withering  fays  : Cows,  goats,  and  fheep  eat  this  plant.  The 
wood,  cut  in  fummer-time,  is  tough,  and  ufed  for  fkcwers. 
Linnseus  obferves  chat  it  makes  the  beft  charcoal  to  draw  with. 


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■-  •>.'  <'  ■:  y hiJtb:  ^iUfyyi /yilj  T '-!l:  /yi 


[ 363  ] 

OENANTHE  fiRulofa. 

Common  Water^dropwort, 


PENTANDRIA  Digyma. 

Gen.  Char.  Florets  irregular:  tbofe  of  the  difk  fef- 
file  and  barren.  Fruit  crowned  with  the  calyx. 

Spec.  Char.  Root  fending  forth  runners.  Stem- 
leaves  pinnated,  cylindrical,  tubular.  General 
involucriim,  for  the  moft  part,  wanting. 

Syn.  Oenanthe  fiftulofa.  Linn,  Sp.  PL  365.  Hndf. 
FL  rln,  121.  JVith.  Bot,  Arr.  296.  Fulh.  Cant. 
1 1 7.  Sihth,  Ox.  98. 

O.  aquatica.  Rail  Syn,  210. 


Exceedingly  common  In  wet  ditches,  ponds  and  rivers, 

flowering  in  July.  The  root  is  fibrous  and  perennial,  fending 
forth  under  water  feveral  creeping  runners,  by  which  it  is  in- 
creafed,  and  throwing  up  tall  branching  ftems  to  a confider- 
able  height  above  the  furface.  Thefe  ftems  are  tubular,  con- 
tracted at  the  joints,  ftrlated,  of  a glaucous  hue.  Radical 
leaves  bipinnate ; the  leaflets  flat,  wedge-ftiaped  and  lobed : 
ftem-leaves  alternate,  pinnate  j their  leaflets  and  common  foot- 
ftalks  cylindrical  and  hollow.  Umbels  on  long,  ftrong,  alter- 
nate ftalks,  lateral  and  terminal : general  rays  from  3 to  7 or  8, 
moftly  naked,  but  fometimes  furnlftied  with  one  linear  leaf  of 
an  involucrum  : partial  umbels  with  many  rays,  and  a partial 
involucrum  of  feveral  membranous  leaves.  Calyx-teeth  fharp 
and  always  fpreading.  Petals  very  unequal,  with  incurved 
points.  Stamina  long.  Styles  after  impregnation  much  elon- 
gated, and  ereft,  giving  the  ripening  umbels  a bur-like  ap- 
pearance. Stigmas  capitate. 

The  variety  /3  of  Hudfon  Is  a very  trifling  one.  Dr.  Stokes 
obferves  that  in  fome  fituations  this  fpecies  acquires  the  habit  of 
O.  pimpinelloideSi  but  may  be  readily  known  by  the  want  of  a 
general  involucrum.  We  prefume  this  remark  alludes  to  our 
O.  peucedanifoUay  fee  /.  348. 


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.1 


[ 364  ] 

H O T T O N I A paluftris. 

Water  Violet  or  Featherfoil. 


PENTANDRIA  Monogynia. 

Gen.  Char.  Corolla  falver-fhaped.  Stamina  ftanding 
on  the  margin  of  the  tube.  Capfule  with  i cell. 
Spec.  Char.  Stalk  bearing  many  flowers  in  whorls. 

Syn.  Hottonia  palnflris.  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  208.  Hudf. 
FI.  An.  85.  With.  Bot.  Arr.  207.  Relh.  Cant. 
83.  Sihth.  Ox.  73.  Curt.  Bond.  fafc.  i.  /.  ii. 
Dickf.  H.  Sicc.fafc.  7.  7* 

Hottonia.  Rail  Syn. 


C-iLEAR  ditches  and  ponds  on  a gravelly  foil,  in  various 
parts  of  England,  are  frequently  adorned  with  the  beautiful 
Hottonia^  which  may  vie  with  many  of  the  moft  admired  exotics 
in  elegance,  having  indeed,  like  fome  other  European  aquatics, 
very  much  the  air  of  a tropical  plant.  Its  Englitln  narne,  Water 
Violet,  is  far  from  apt,  even  though  we  underhand  it  as  con- 
trafting  this  plant  with  the  Dame’s  Violet,  or  Hefperis^  to  which 
its  refemblance  is  flight,  and  its  affinity  none,  for  it  belongs  to 
the  fame  natural  order  as  the  Primrofe  and  Pimpernel. 

^ The  white  fibrous  radicles  run  deep  into  the  ground,  and 
fromthe  crown  of  the  perennlalrootfpring  feveral  leaves  in  a ftar- 
like  form,  and  a few  long  runners,  which  are  leafy  and  take  root 
at  their  extremities,  flowering  the  next  year.  The  leaves  are 
fmooth,  bright-green,  elegantly  and  deeply  pinnatifid,  or  peeffi- 
nated,  their  fegments  linear  and  entire,  varying  in  breadth,  acute. 
All  thefe  parts  are  conftantly  under  water.  The  ftalk  alone 
rifes  above  the  furface  to  the  height  of  8 or  10  inches,  being 
folitary,  eredf,  round,  naked,  fmooth  below,  roughilh  above, 
and  bearing  5 or  6 whorls,  each  of  5 to  10  pedunculated  flow- 
ers, with  an  oblong  bratlea  at  the  bafe  of  each  flower-ftalk. 
The  flowers  are  not  unlike  thofe  of  a Primula.  They  are  na- 
turally 5 -cleft,  but  may  be  found  with  6 or  7 fegments,  and  as 
many  ftamina.  Their  colour  is  pale  purple,  with  a yellow 
tube  and  orifice.  Capfule  globular,  with  many  feeds  ftanding 
on  a large  globofe  receptacle.  Stigma  concave.  It  flowers  in 

^ rr  ' 

Boerhaave  named  this  genus  in  honour  of  his  predeceflor  in 
the  Leyden  Profeflbrlhip,  Peter  Hotton,  of  whofe  charaaer  and 
abilities  he  fpeaks  with  great  refped  in  his  Index  to  the  Leyden 
Garden. 


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I 365  ] 

P O A comprefla. 
Creeping  Meadow-grafs* 


r RIAN  D RIA  Dlgynla, 

Gen.  Char.  Cal.  of  2 valves.^  containing  many  florets. 
Spihlet  ovate ; glumes  ovate,  pointed. 

Spec.  Char.  Panicle  condenfed  ; its  branches  lean- 
ing one  way,  eredl  before  and  after  flowering. 
Stem  afcending,  comprefTed. 

Syn.  Poa  compreffa,  Linn.  Sp.  PL  loi.  Hudf.  FL 
An.  41.  TVith.  Dot.  An\  89.  Relh.  Cant,  36. 
Sibth.  Ox.  42.  Blckf.  H.  Sicc.  f.  6.  i. 

Gramen  prateiife  paniculatum  medium.  Rail  Syn, 
409. 


F REQUENT  on  the  tops  of  walls  that  are  a little  covered 
with  earth,  and  in  other  very  dry  places,  where  it  may  be 
found  in  flower  from  June  to  September,  and  may  be  eanly 
diftinguifhed  by  its  compreflTed  ftem.^ 

The  roots  are  perennial,  creeping,  confifting  of  downy 
fibres,  thrown  out  from  the  loweft  part  of  the  ftern,^  which  is 
decumbent.  The  ftraw  rifes  obliquely,  the  firft  joints  being 
geniculated,  the  uppermoft  very  long  and  erecT.  Leaves  nar- 
row, with  a long  fheath,  and  fliort  obtufe  ftipula,  of  a glaucous 
green.  Panicle  of  the  fame  hue,  upright,  the  common  ftem 
contradling  very  fuddenly  where  the  firft  branches  come  ofr. 
All  the  branches  are  in  the  beginning  clofe  and  ereff,  acutelv 
angular  and  rough,  a little  zigzag  : as  they  flower  they  fpread 
confiderably,  but  immediately  after  the  difeharge  of  the  polhn 
they  become  again  clofe-prefied  to  the  main  branch,  fo  tMt 
the  upper  part  of  the  panicle  looks  as  if  it  expanded  firft.  By 
this  mark  the  grafs  may  be  known  at  a diftance.  The  glumes 
have  a filvery  edge,  and  purplifh  tip  5 they  vary  from  3 to  8 or 

9 in  each  calyx.  r -u  u 

This  grafs  can  fcarcely  be  put  to  any  agricultural  ufe,  though 
all  cattle  eat  it  *,  it  does  not  thrive  in  moift  or  manured  ground, 
and  there  are  many  better  for  dry  fituations. 


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[ 36C  1 ■ 

TRIGLOCHIN  paluttre. 

MarJJj  Arrow-Grafs^ 


HEXAI^DRIA  rr'igyma. 

Gen.  Char.  Cal  3-leaved.  Fetals  3,  like  the  calyx. 
Style  none.  Capfule  burfting  at  the  bafe. 

Spec.  Char.  Capfules  linear,  of  three  cells. 

Syn.  Triglochin  paluftre.  Linn,  Sp,  PI  482.  Hudf, 
FI  An,  152.  With,  Bot,  Arr,  378.  Relh,  Cant. 
146.  Sihth,  Ox,  ii(^, 

Juncajo  paluftris  8c  vulgaris.  Raii  Syn.  435. 
Gramen  aquaticum  fpicatum.  Ger,  em,  13. 


HIS  fpecies  of  Frlglochin  Is  full  as  common  in  wet  boggy 
meadows,  as  that  we  have  figured  tab,  255  is  in  fait  marfhes, 
flowering  about  the  middle  of  fummer. 

The  root  is  fibrous,  tufted,  and  perennial.  Leaves  rufhy, 
fomewhat  more  llender  and  lefs  flefhy  than  in  the  marithniimy 
but  like  them  femicylindrical,  with  a membranous,  vaginating, 
intrafollaceous  flipula.  Stalk  folitary,  ereft,  longer  than  the 
leaves,  bearing  a long,  thick-fet,  but  flender,  fpike  of  nume- 
rous dowers,  fmaller  than  thofe  of  the  fpecies  juft  mentioned. 
The  moft  ftriking  and  certain  diftin£tion  however  between  the 
two  is  that  the  fruit  of  T.  palujlre  is  much  more  long  and  flen- 
der, having  only  3 cells  and  3 valves  inftead  of  6.  Thefe  valves, 
feparating  from  the  bafe,  look  like  a three-barbed  arrow-head. 

All  cattle  will  eat  the  Marfh  Arrow-Grafs,  and  Dr.  W^ither- 
ing  fays  cows  are  extremely  fond  of  it  *,  yet  we  know  not  that 
it  has  as  yet  obtained  much  attention  from  the  experimental 
farmer. 


.60 


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‘.A  ,-■  ^'jturd 


[ 3^7  ] 

THALICTRUM  flavum. 

Common  Meadow-rue. 


POL  T AIL  D R I A Polygyma, 

Gen.  Char.  C«/.  none.  Petals  ^ov  s-  Seeds  ndkeA 
and  beardlefs. 

Spec.  Char.  Stem  furrowed,  leafy.  Panicle  much 
branched,  ere6i. 

Syn.  Thali6lrum  flavum.  Linn,  Sp.  PL  770.  Hudf 
FI.  An,  239.  With.  Bot,  Arr.  569.  Relh.  Cant, 
210.  Sihth,  Ox.  1 71.  Lightf.  Scot,  285. 

T.  nigricans.  Jacq,  Fl,  Aujir,  *1;.  5.  421. 

T.  feu  Thalietrum  majus.  Rail  Syn.  203.  Ger.  em, 
1251. 


REQUENT  in  wet  meadows,  and  on  the  banks  of  rivers 

and  ditches,  flowering  in  June. 

Root  yellow,  perennial.  Stem  2 or  3 feet  high,  upright, 
Ample  below,  fmooth,  fo  ftrongly  furrowed  as  to  be  almoft 
angular,  leafy.  Leaves  alternate,  twice  compounded  in  a 
ternate  order  i their  common  footftalk  with  a fliort  fteathing 
bafe,  and  a toothed  intrafoliaceous  ftipula ; leaflets  either  un- 
divided or  three-cleft,  entire,  varying  much  in  breadth  and 
Oiarpnefs,  veiny,  glaucous  beneath.  Panicle  terrninal,  ereft, 
much  branched,  leafy,  compofed  of  many  yellowifh-white 
flowers,  with  yellow  anthers.  Petals  4-  Germens  fefTile, 
deeply  furrowed.  .Styles  none.  Stigmas  oblique,  heart-fhaped. 

We  have  compared  our  fpecimens  with  original  ones  of 
Jacquin’s  T.  nigricaiis  from  himfelf,  and  find  no  fpecihc  diL 
f*6rcri  cc 

The  narrow-leaved  variety  mentioned  by  Lightfoot  and 
figured  in  Morifon,  Vol.  3.  fee.  9.  t.  20.  f.  3,  is  neither  rare 
nor  important.  It  is  ftill  diftina  enough  from  T.  angufltfohum 
of  Linnxus,  which  is  Morifon’s  fig.  8 of  the  fame  plate. 

Meadow-rue  is  fo  called  from  a certain  vague  refemblance 
to  the  Garden-rue,  to  which  it  has  no  other  affinity,  /hough 
an  acrid  plant,  it  is  eaten  by  cattle.  A cataplafm  made  of  the 
bruifed  leaves  is  a flight  bljfler. 


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Qi  ;'^Abnr)h  o;?l  />ai}ryoijr*uofi‘ lol 


[ 368  ] 

PULMONARIA  maritima. 

Sea  Lungwort. 


PENTANDRIA  Monogyma, 

Gen.  Char.  Cor.  funnel-fhaped,  pervious.  Calyx 
prifmatic,  five-iided. 

Spec.  Char.  Calyx  fhort.  Leaves  ovate.  Stem 
much  branched,  procumbent. 

Syn.  Pulmonaria  maritima.  Linn.  Sp.  PL  i()^.  Hudf. 
FI.  An.  8i.  JVith.  Bot.  Arr.  194.  DiclJ.  H. 
Sicc.fajc.  I.  3.  Lightf.  Scot.  134.  /.  7. 

Echium  marinum.  Rail  Syn.  228. 


A BEAUTIFUL  ornament  of  the  fandy  fea-coafts  of  Scot- 
land and  the  north  of  England,  for  fpecimens  of  which  we  are 
obliged  to  Mr.  Robfon.  It  flowers  in  July,  and  is  perennial 
according  to  the  opinion  of  moft  authors,  though  the  obferva- 
tions  of  Dillenius  in  the  Hortus  Elthamenfts  feem  to  prove  it 
biennial.  There  is  no  lefs  uncertainty  about  the  genus  of  this 
plant.  It  is  certainly  a very  bad  Pulmofiaria,  the  calyx  being 
too  deeply  divided  to  be  deemed  prifmatic,  which  is  alfo  the 
cafe  in  P.  viyginica  ^ Jlhirica.  Dillenius  (as  well  as  Linnseus 
formerly)  made  it  a Cerlnthey  with  which  it  moft  agrees  in 
habit,  but  the  eflential  charader  of  Cerlnthe  is  not  to  be  found 
in  the  fruit.  In  faa  the  genera  of  this  order  {Afperifolm)^ 
though  fo  multiplied,  arc  many  of  them  ill  defined  and  unna- 
tural, as  we  have  before  obferved,  p.  118. 

The  root  is  flelhy.  Stems  procumbent,  much  branched. 
Leaves  ovate,  entire,  undulated,  covered  with  a beautiful 
glaucous  efflorefcence,  and  fprinkled  with  minute  cartilagineous 
tubercles,  charaacriftic  of  the  order.  Flowers  on  longifti  fim- 
ple  flower-ftalks,  one  or  two  together,  fometimes  axillary,  and 
generally  cluftered  about  the  extremities  of  the  branches.  Ca- 
lyx glaucous,  in  5 ovate  acute  fegments,  its  bafe  a little  prif- 
matic. Corolla  with  a fhort  thick  tube,  and  a fmall  border  in 
5 obtufe  fegments,  red  at  firft,  then  blue*,  orifice  a little  toothed, 
but  pervious.  Stamina  inferted  about  the  middle  of  the  tube, 
and  projeaing  beyond  the  orifice.  Stigma  capitate.  The 
whole  plant  turns  black  in  drying,  unlefs  it  be  firft  immerfed  in 
frefh  water  for  24  hours  to  extrad  the  fea-falt,  according  to 
Dillenius. 


366. 


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[ 3^9  ] 

ORNITHOPUS  perpufillus. 

Common  Bird\-foot^ 


D I A D E L P H I A Decandrla, 

Gen.  Char.  Pod  jointed^  cylindrical,  curved. 

Spec.  Char.  Leaves  pinnated.  Pods  curved  up- 
wards. 

Syn.  Ornithopus  perpufillus.  Linn,  Sp,  PI,  1049. 
Hudf,Fl,  An,  321.  With,  Bot,  Arr.  782.  Relh. 
Cant,  276.  Sihth,  Ox,  225.  Curt,  Lond,fafc,  6, 
t. 

Ornithopodium  radice  nodofa.  Rail  Syn,  326. 


TPhIS  pretty  little  flower  prefers  a gravelly  or  fandy  foil, 
growing  among  grafs  in  dry  open  paftures  abundantly,  as  in 
Hyde  Park  beyond  the  fpring,  where  it  may  be  found  in  per- 
fecftion  in  May,  and  occafionally  to  the  end  of  fummer. 

Root  annual,  fmall  and  fibrous,  fometimes,  according  to  the 
obfervation  of  Doody  in  Ray’s  Synopfis,  propagating  itfelf  by 
little  flefliy  tubercles,  like  thofe  of  Vicia  lathyroidesy  fee  our 
tab,  30,  in  which  cafe  it  does  not  ripen  feed.  Stems  more  or 
lefs  procumbent,  very  various  in  length  and  luxuriance,  leafy, 
downy.  Leaves  alternate,  of  about  5 to  10  or  12  pair  of  fmall 
elliptical  leaflets,  with  a terminal  one  of  the  fame  fize  and 
figure,  hairy,  efpecially  on  the  back.  Stipulae  none.  Flowers 
feiTile  in  little  terminal  umbels,  accompanied  by  a leaf.  Stand- 
ard and  wings  elegantly  flriped  with  red  and  white  ; keel 
greenifh.  Stigma  capitate,  naked.  Pods  a little  curved  up- 
wards, with  a very  fhort  beak ; their  joints  tumid,  fo  as  to 
render  them  fomewhat  like  a firing  of  beads;  in  all  which  par- 
ticulars they  differ  from  O.  comprejfus  of  Linnseus,  which  fome 
botanifls  have  fufpe£led  our  Englifh  plant  to  be,  but  we  have 
afcertained  it  by  his  herbarium  to  be  O.  perpufillus,, 


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[ 37°  ] 

HYPERICUM  quadrangulum. 
Square  St,  Johns  Wort, 


POLYJDELPHIA  Polyandria, 

Gen.  Char.  Cal.  5-cleft.  Petals  5.  Filameyits  nu- 
meroaSj  united  at  the  bafe  into  3 or  5 fets.  Capf, 
roundilh. 

Spec.  Char.  Styles  three.  Stem  four-edged,  her- 
baceous. Leaves  fprinkled  with  pellucid  dots. 
Calyx-leaves  lanceolate. 

Syn.  Hypericum  quadrangulum.  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  wo 
Hudf.  FI.  ytn.  334.  Relh.  Caiit.  289.  Curt. 
Lond.fajc.  4.  t.  52. 

H.  quadrangulare.  Linn.  Syjl.  Feg.  ed.  14.  701. 
J'Vlth.  Bot.  Arr.  813.  Sihth.  Ox.  235. 

H.  Afeyron  di61um  caule  quadrangulo.  Rail  Syn, 
344- 

Common  in  molft  hedges,  meadows,  and  banks  of  rivers, 
Sowering  in  July  and  Auguft. 

Root  woody,  perennial,  ereeping.  Stems  feveral,  perfectly 
ere6t,  two  feet  high,  leafy,  very  acutely  quadrangular  through- 
out, by  which,  and  the  fmallnefs  of  the  flowers,  this  fpecies 
is  readily  diftinguifhed  from  Yi. perforation^  t.  295.  Leaves  op- 
pofite,  each  pair  crofling  thofe  next  to  them,  elliptical  or  ovate, 
rather  paler  beneath,  copioully  dotted,  bluntilh,  entire,  but 
fometimes  a little  crifped  in  the  margin,  ribbed.  The  Item  ter- 
minates in  a panicled  manner,  with  oppofite  many-flowered 
branches.  Calyx-leaves  lanceolate,  narrow.  Petals  oblique, 
pale-yellow.  We  have  not  obferved  them  fo  frequently  dotted 
and  (Ireaked  with  dark  purple  as  in  the  H.  perforatum^  though 
they  fometimes  are  fo.  Antherse  with  a dark  purple  gland. 

Linnaeus  appears  by  his  herbarium  to  have  confounded  with 
this  plant  our  H.  dubium^  t.  296,  which  we  did  not  obferve  till 
now.  That  fpecies  however,  though  fubjedl  to  be  occafionally 
dotted  in  its  leaves  in  a flight  degree,  hill  remains  diftindf  from 
this  and  the  common  perforatum  by  its  elliptical  calyx-leaves, 
which  never  vary.  We  cannot  here  refrain  from  doing  juftice  to 
the  phyfiological  judgment  of  our  worthy  friend  Mr.  Correa, 
who,  when  the  dubium  was  firft  difeovered,  cautioned  us  againft 
founding  an  abfolute  fpecific  charader  upon  the  want  of  thefs 
peUucid  dots 


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[ 371  ] 

HYPERICUM  montanum. 

Mountain  St.  Johns  Wort, 


POLYADELPHIA  Potyandrm. 

Gen.  Char.  Cal.  5-cleft.  Petals  5.  Filaments  nu- 
merous, united  at  the  bafe  into  3 or  5 fets.  Cap], 
roundifh. 

Spec.  Char.  Styles  three.  Calyx  with  glandular 
ferratures.  Stem  ere(5l^  round,  fmooth.  Leaves 
ovate,  naked. 

Syn.  Hypericum  montanum.  Linn.  Sp.  PI,  1105. 
Hudf,  FI.  An.  333.  With.  Bot.  Arr.  815.  Sibth. 
Ox.  235. 

H.  elegantiffimum  non  ramofum,  folio  lato.  Rail 

343-  

P ROM  Charlton  wood.  This  fpecies,  juftly  denominated 
elegant  by  the  old  writers,  is  found  in  various  parts  of  Eng- 
land upon  gravel  or  chalk,  as  between  Norwich  and  Thorpe, 
upon  wild  fhrubby  hills.  It  flowers  in  July. 

The  root  is  perennial,  producing  feveral  ftems,  w^hich  rife 
to  the  height  of  2 feet  or  more,  and  are  fimple,  round,  fmooth 
and  leafy,  motl  naked  in  the  upper  part.  Leaves  oppofite,  fef- 
file,  ovate,  ribbed,  fmooth  on  both  fides,  entire,  their  margin 
dotted  with  purple  beneath.  Panicle  terminal,  upright,  of  fe- 
veral elongated  forked  branches,  quite  deftitute  of  leaves,  by 
which  lafl:  mark  (befides  its  fmoothnefs)  it  is  diftinguifhed  from 
H.  hirfutumy  but  furnifhed  with  a few  fmall  oppofite  lanceo- 
late bradlese,  fringed  with  a row  of  brown  glands  on  little  foot- 
flalks.  The  calyx-leaves,  v/hich  are  lanceolate,  are  fringed  in 
the  fame  manner,  and  give  the  flowers  a refemblance  to  the 
mofs-rofe.  Petals  lemon- coloured,  elliptical^  a little  oblique^ 
entire. 


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[ 372  ] 

LICHEN  ericetorum/ 

Heath  Lichen, 


CRY  FT  OG  AMI  A Alga;. 

Gen.  CitaPv..  Male,  fcattered  warts. 

Female;  fmooth  (hields  or  tubercles,  in  which  the 
feeds  are  imbedded. 

Spec.  Char.  Cruft  leprous,  granulated,  greenifh- 
white.  Shields  nearly  feffile,  flat,  flefli- coloured, 
with  a narrow  whitifh  border. 

Syn.  Lichen  ericctorum.  Linn.  Sp,  PI.  1608.  Hudf, 
FI.  An.  527.  FI.  Dan.  t.  472./.  4. — ^ Lightf.  Scot, 
809.  IFith.  Bot.  Arr,  ‘T’.  3.  168. 

L.  Icmadophila.  Linn.  Siippl.  450.  Reiz.  Scand,  273. 

L.  elveloides.  Web,  Gott.  186. 

L.  aeruginofus.  Scop.  Cam.  r.  2.  361.  Jacq.  FI, 
Aiijtr,  V.  3.  t.  275.  Murr.  in  Linn.  S^ift,  Veg,  ed, 
14.  958. — Sihth,  Ox.  321 


^T'hIS  fpecles  is  found  occafionally  on  turfy  heaths,  growing 
generally  on  the  ground,  and  forming  large  white  or  greenith 
patches,  very  conlpicuous  and  beautiful  in  damp  weather.  The 
cruft  is  not  very  thick ; its  under  fide  is  attached  by  numerous 
radicles ; the  upper  one  granulated,  leprous  to  the  fight,  but 
not  powdery  to  the  touch.  The  fhields  are  often  immerfed  in 
the  cruft,  more  rarely  elevated  on  extremely  fhort  foot-ftalks. 
Their  outfide,  and  very  narrow  border,  whitifh  *,  their  dific 
quite  flat  and  fmooth,  flefli-coloured  *,  when  young  glaucous. 
Wlien  this  Lichen  grows  on  rotten  wood,  efpecially  in  the 
{hade,  its  cruft  is  of  a light  verdigrife  green,  as  figured  by  Jac- 
quin  under  the  name  of  aruginofus.  Dr.  Smith  found  it  fo  in 
woods  at  Matlock,  and  Mr.  Davall  in  Switzerland.  This 
however  is  clearly  only  a flight  variety  of  the  original  ericctorum 
of  Linnaeus,  which  in  its  healthy  unfaded  ftate  is  always  green- 
ifh.  No  fpecies  has  been  lefs  clearly  defined,  Linnaeus  himfelf 
having  confounded  it  with  another  very  different  kind  (fee  our 
tab.  374) ; and  Englifh  writers  have  in  general  been  fo  indefinite 
upon  the  fubjed,  it  is  not  eafy  to  underftand  which  of  thefe 
two  they  intended. 


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[ 373  ] 

LICHEN  byffbldes* 

Brown  Mufhroom  Lichen, 

CRYPTOGAMIA  Alga, 

Gen.  Char.  Male,  fcatterecl  warts. 

Female,  fmooth  fhields  or  tubercles,  in  which  the 
feeds  are  imbedded. 

Spec.  Char.  Cruft  leprous,  granulated,  greenifh  white. 
Tubercles  on  foot-ftalks,  nearly  globular,  reddifh 
brown. 

Syn.  Lichen  byftbides.  Ltnn.  Mant.  Lightf,Scot, 
809.  Had/.  FI.  Aji.  527  \ With.  Bot,  Arr,  v,  3. 
165.  Relh.  Cant,  Suppl,  i.  22. 

L.  rufus.  Hndf.  FI.  An.  527.  With.  Bot.  Arr.  v.  3. 
1 7 1.  Retz.  Scand.  274. 

L.  fungiformis.  Weh.  Gott.  196.  Sibth.  Ox.  322. 

Lichenoides  fungiforme  terreftre,  capitulis  fufcis.  Raii 
>^'n.  70. 

Coralloides  fungiforme  faxatile,  pallide  fufcum.  Bd/, 
78.  it.  14./.  3. 

(3  Fungi  parvi  globoft,  ex  iingue  equino  putrefcente 
enati.  Rail  Syn.  13.  /.  i.  /.  4. 

Coralloides  fungiforme  ex  ungula  equina  livide  ru- 
befcens.  Dill.  Mujc.  78.  t.  14./.  5. 

The  cruft  is  much  like  that  of  the  preceding,  thinner  when 
it  grows  on  ftones  than  when  on  the  ground,  which  laft  is  its 
mod  general  htuation.  Our  fpecimens  came  from  Epping  fo- 
reft,  Hornfey  wood,  and  a moor  near  Glafgow.  The  tuber- 
cles are  brown,  more  or  lefs  reddifh,  convex,  and  fometimes 
quite  globular,  elevated  on  whitifh,  cylindrical  or  comprefTed 
(fometimes  furrowed),  footftalks,  fo  that  they  refemble  a mi- 
nute Agaric  or  Boletus.  Sometimes  2 or  more  ftand  on  the 
fame  footftalk. 

We  have  been  at  fome  pains  to  inveftigate  the  fynonyms  o£ 
this  fpecies,  and  think  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  thofe  above 
quoted.  There  feems  to  be  no  difference  between  the  rufus  and 
hffoides  of  Mr.  Hudfon,  except  a greater  or  lefs  convexity  of  the 
tubercles,  which  is  no  effential  diftindfion.  The  rufus  (lands 
right  in  his  ift  edition,  with  the  proper  fynonym  of  Dillenius  \ 
but  in  the  2d  edition  he  has  quoted f 2,  of  the  fame 
author,  which  is  one  of  the  Lichenes  pyxidati^  as  appears  by  its 
leafy  bafe,  referring  fg.  4 and  5,  properly  enough  indeed,  to 
the  L.  byjfoides  of  Linnseus,  which  he  thought  it  neceffary  to 
admit  into  this  2d  edition.  We  are  not  without  a fufpicion 
that  Hudfon  might  confider  as  L.  byjfoides  the  Mucor  lichenoides 
of  Linnaeus,  which  he  has  under  that  name  in  his  ift  edition, 
but  not  in  the  2d.  If  fo,  he  fhould  have  quoted  DilLyi  3.  This  is 
a true  Lichen’^  of  which  we  hope  one  day  to  give  a reprefentation. 


37i 


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[ 374  ] 

LICHEN  Baeomyces. 
Pink  Mujhroom  Lichen, 


CRYPTOGAMIA  Algce. 

Gen.  Char.  Male,  fcattered  warts. 

Female,  fmooth  fbielcls  or  tubercles,  in  which  the 
feeds  are  imbedded. 

Spec.  Char.  Cruft  leprous,  granulated,  greenifti  white. 
Tubercles  on  footftalks,  tumid,  lobed,  flefti-co- 
loured. 

Syn.  Lichen  Baeomyces.  Linn,  SuppL  450.  Retz, 
Scand.  273.  Sibth.  Ox.  321. 

L.  ericetorum.  JVeb.  Gott.  195.  a Lighif.  Scot.  809. 
JVith.  Bot.  Arr.  t;.  3.  167. 

L.  fungoides.  Swartz,  hid.  Occ.  146.  Gmel.  Svjl, 
Nat.  1357. 

Lichenoides  fungiforme,  crufta  leprofa  Candida,  ca- 
pitulis  h pediculis  incarnatis.  Rail  Syn.  70. 

Coralloides  fungiforme  carneum,  baft  leprofa.  Dill 
Mufc.  76.  t.  14./.  I. 

Th  I S very  elegant  fpecies  is  much  more  rare  than  the  two 
lafl:  defcribed.  Dr.  Smith  found  it  on  a mountainous  heath 
in  Montgomerythire,  and  it  is  faid  to  grow  in  Scotland  and  the 
north  of  England.  Dillenius  fays,  no  one  had  found  this  Li- 
chen in  England  except  Dr.  Richardfon.  Mr.  Lightfoot  was 
evidently  acquainted  with  it  j but  whether  any  other  Britifh 
writer  has  feen  it,  or  merely  copied  it  from  Dillenius,  niyy  be 
doubted.  It  is  certainly  diftinift  enough  from  the  original 
ericetorum  of  Linnseus,  fee  our  tab,  372,  indeed  much  more 
fo,  as  Lightfoot  obferves,  than  from  the  byjjoidey  t.  373.  The 
crufts  of  all  thefe  are  nearly  alike  j green  or  greyifti  when  young, 
and  in  moift  weather  ; white  when  old  and  dry.  Their  fur- 
face  granulated  and  tuberculated,  not  powdery.  But  the  beau- 
tiful pink-coloured  fru61;ification  of  L.  Baomyces  clearly  diftin- 
guiflies  it,  being  fo  different  in  hue  from  that  of  the  byjfoides^ 
and  alfo  much  larger,  more  lobed,  and  varioufly  formed.  The 
colour  of  its  tubercles  is  fimilar  to  the  flat  fhields  of  the  ericeto- 
rnmy  but  more  vivid,  of  a wax-like  hue,  not  fcarlet  as  in  L. 
cocciferus.  Thefe  tubercles  are  fpongy  within.  Their  ftalks 
whitifti,  compreffed  and  furrowed,  fo  that  they  might  eafdy  be 
taken  for  a little  fpecies  of  Helvellay  were  it  not  for  the  cruft 
out  of  which  they  grow,  their  firm  and  durable  texture,  and 
want  of  a fungous  fmell. 


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[ 375  ] 

CAMPANULA  hybrida. 

Corn  Bell-Jiower. 


PENTj^NDRIA  Monogynia, 

Gen.  Char.  Cor,  bell-fliaped,  clofed  at  the  bottom 
by  valves  bearing  the  Itamina.  Stigma  3-clcfl. 
CapfuJe  inferioi-j  opening  by  lateral  pores. 

Spec.  Char.  Stem  often  branched  from  the  bafe. 
Leaves  oblong,  crenate  and  undulated.  Corolla 
rotate,  fhorter  than  the  calyx.  Capfule  prifmatic. 

Syn.  Campanula  hybrida.  Linn,  Sp,  PL  239.  Hiuif, 
FI.  An,  97.  With,  Bot,  Arr,  219.  Relh.  Cant, 
95.  Slbtb,  Ox.  81. 

C.  arvenfis  ercdla,  vel  Speculum  Veneris  minus. 
Rail  Sjn.  278. 


Sent  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hemfted  from  Cambridgefifire.  It 
is  found  alfo  in  Norfolk  and  Suffolk,  in  corn-fields  on  a chalky 
foil,  but  by  no  means  frequently,  flowering  towards  autumn. 

Root  fmall,  fibrous  and  annual.  Stem  nearly  ereft,  with  a 
tendency  to  branch  more  or  lefs  at  the  bafe  as  well  as  in  the 
upper  part,  very  various  in  luxuriance,  a little  zigzag,  angular, 
roiighifli,  leafy.  Leaves  alternate,  undulated,  fparingly  crenate, 
rough,  efpecially  on  the  margin.  Flowers  terminal,  folitary, 
feffile  among  a few  leaves.  Germen  prifmatic,  long,  roughifh. 
Calyx-leaves  about  half  as  long  as  the  germen,  lanceolate,  re- 
volute,  hairy.  Corolla  very  fmall,  rotate,  half  as  long  as  the 
calyx-leaves,  feldom  fully  expanded,  pale  purple.  Style  and 
ftigma  club-fhaped,  hairy. 

Such  is  the  defeription  of  our  plant,  which  will  not  be  found 
to  accord  exa(fl;ly  with  what  Linnseus  has  faid.  His  remarks 
however  agree  with  his  original  fpecimen  now  before  us,  which 
is  apparently  a cultivated  one,  with  very  long  linear  calyx-leaves, 
and  a very  fmall  corolla.  The  ftem  too  is  upright  and  fmooth. 
From  the  confideratlon  of  many  wild  as  well  as  cultivated  fpeci- 
mens  of  C.  Speculum  and  hybrida^  we  are  perfuaded  they  are 
varieties  of  each  other,  and  that  the  calyx-leaves  in  both  are 
very  variable  in  length  and  breadth,  as  well  as  the  corolla  in  fize« 


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[ 376  ] 

POTAMOGETON  lucens. 

Shining  Pond-weed, 


TETRANDRIA  Tetragynla. 

Gen.  Char.  Cal.  none.  Petals  4.  Style  none.  Seeds  4. 

Spec.  Char.  Leaves  flat,  ovato-lanceolate,  tapering 
down  intofoot-flalks.  Spike  denfe,  many-flowered, 

Syn.  Potamogeton  lucens.  Linn.  Sp.  PI,  183.  Hudf, 
FI.  An.  74.  fVith,  Bot.  Arr.  173.  Relh.  Cant,  71. 
Sibth.  Ox.  65. 

P.  aquis  immerfum,  folio  pellucido,  lato,  oblongo, 
acuto.  Rail  Syn.  148. 


F REQUENT  in  dicclies,  ponds,  lakes  or  flow-flowing  rivers, 
chiefly  on  a clay  foil,  growing,  like  moft  others  of  its  genus,  all 
immerfed  in  the  water,  except  the  fpike  of  flowers,  which  ap- 
pears above  the  furface  about  midfummer,  or  a little  after. 

The  root  is  perennial,  ftems  long,  nearly  fimple,  a little  zig- 
zag, leafy,  round.  Leaves  alternate  (except  where  the  flow- 
ers are  fituated)  lanceolate  or  ovate,  entire,  a little  waved,  ribbed, 
running  down  into  a fhort  foot-ftalk,  and  accompanied  by  a long 
obtufe  folded  intrafoliaceous  ftipula,  longer  than  each  joint  of 
the  ftem.  T'he  flowers  grow  in  a long  denfe  fpike,  on  a round 
tumid  ftalk,  which  hands  folitary  in  the  axilla  of  one  of  the 
oppoflte  leaves,  and  is  flieathed  at  the  bottom  by  the  ftipula. 
Flowers  dark  green,  the  ftigma  often  purplifh. 

There  are  two  common  varieties  of  thisfpecies,  one  of  which 
has  lanceolate  leaves,  tapering  down  very  gradually  to  their  in- 
fertion.  This  being  figured  in  the  Flora  Danica^  t.  195,  and 
moft  other  authors,  we  have  reprefented  the  other  variety, 
No.  2 of  Withering,  whofe  leaves  are  perfedfly  ovate,  and 
placed  on  a real  foot-ftalk,  lefs  perceptibly  winged  by  the  run- 
ning down  of  the  leaf*,  thefe  two  plants  however  difler  in  no 
other  refpe(T,  and  may  eafily  be  traced  one  into  the  other. 


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[ 377  ] 

S C I L L A nutans. 

Hare-bell,  or  Wild  Hyacinth. 


HEXANDRIA  Monogynia» 

Gen.  Char.  Cor.  of  6 petals,  fpreading,  deciduous. 
Filaments  of  equal  thicknefs  throughout. 

Spec.  Char.  Root  folid.  Spike  drooping.  Flowers 
pendent,  bell-fhaped,  fomcwhat  cylindrical,  their 

, tips  retiexed.  Bradleae  in  pairs,  acute.  Leaves 
flaccid. 

Syn.  Hyacinthus  non-fcriptiis.  Linn.  Sp.  PL  453. 
Hudf.  FI.  An.  141.  JVith.  Bot.  Arr.  356.  Relb. 
Cant.  136.  S'lhth.Ox.  no.  Curt.  Bond.  fafe.  2, 
t.  18. 

H.  Anglicus.  Rail  Syn.  373. 

Common  in  thickets,  bufhy  fields,  and  under  dry  hedges, 

flowering  in  May. 

Bulb  white,  folid,  acrid  aud  poifonous,  but  abounding  with 
the  mucilage  which  makes  ftarch.  Leaves  linear,  channelled, 
acute,  flaccid,  reflexed  from  within  2 or  3 inches  of  their  fum- 
mit,  of  a greyifh  green.  Stalk  ere£l,  a little  higher  than  the 
leaves,  terminating  in  a drooping  fpike  of  from  6 to  10  pendent 
alternate  flowers,  each  {landing  on  a little  blue  flower-flalk, 
accompanied  by  a pair  of  linear  acute  bradlese  of  the  fame  co- 
lour. *Petals  nearly  linear,  perfedlly  diftindt  at  the  bafe,  but 
approaching  each  other  fo  as  to  form  a cylindrical  figure  for 
about  two  thirds  of  their  length,  when  they  become  fuddenly 
recurved  and  fpreading.  Stamina  united  for  a confiderable  way 
to  their  correfponding  petals,  uniform  and  thread-fhaped.  Ger- 
men  with  6 fides  •,  but  we  agree  with  Dr.  Withering  and  Mr. 
Relhan,  that  it  is  deftitute  of  the  honey-pores  which  make  the 
charadler  of  a Hyncinthus.  Style  fimple.  Stigma  blunt,  moift. 

So  many  authors  have  been  at  a lofs  to  find  the  honey-pores 
in  any  fpecies  of  Hyacinth,  that  the  want  of  them  in  this  would 
hardly  juftify  the  removing  it  to  the  genus  of  Scilta  ; but  the  co- 
rolla being  of  6 diftina  petals,  added  to  its  perfea  affinity  with 
S.  campanulata,  Hort.  Kew.  and,  as  Dr.  Stokes  juftly  remarks, 
with  other  fpecies  of  that  genus,  will,  it  is  hoped,  juftify  this 
alteration,  which  has  often  been  hinted  at,  but  never  ventured 
upon  entirely.  M.  de  Juffieu  has  thought  the  charaaer  of 
Hyacinthns  ought  to  depend  on  the  corolla,  rather  than  on  the 
pores  of  the  germen,  and  he  alfo  would  therefore  exclude  this 
fpecies  from  thence.  For  a fpecific  name  hyacinthina  would 
gladly  have  been  chofen,  but  there  is  already  a S.  hyacinthoides. 
Nutans  exprefles  an  eflfential  part  of  its  fpecific  charaaer,  and 
any  thing  is  better  than  non-feriptus.  The  flowers  are  fragrant, 
and  fometimes  vary  to  white  or  fleih-coloured. 


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[ 378  ] 

C U S C U T A europsea. 

Greater  T)ocder. 


TETRANDRIA  Digynia, 

Gen.  Char.  Cal.  4-cleft.  Corolla  of  one  petal.  Cap- 
fiile  2-celled. 

Spec.  Char.  Flowers  nearly  fellile.  Corolla  without 
fcales.  Stigmas  fimplc. 

Syn.  Cufcuta  europaea.  Linn.  Sp.  PL  180.  With. 
Bot.  Arr.  165.  FI.  Dan.  t.  199.  inaccurate. 


E have  been  led  into  an  error  in  the  firll  ^volume  of  this 
work,  p.  55)  concerning  the  moft  common  BritiQi  Cufcuta^ 
which,  from  trufting  too  much  to  the  Linnjean  fpecific  charader, 
we  there  publifhed  as  the  europ^a,  notwithftanding  Ur.  Stokes  s 
lull  remarks  in  the  Bot.  Arr.  which  ought  certainly  to  have 
warned  us.  We  however  take  the  firft  opportunity  of  correO- 
ing  this  error,  Mr.  Sowerby  having  laft  autumn  received  wild 
fpecimens  of  the  real  europaa  from  Mr.  Alexander  Smith  of 
Aberdeen,  and  others  from  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hemited,  which  have 
at  the  fame  time  verified  the  plant  as  a native  of  Britain,  and 
helped  us  to  fix  an  eflential  chara6ter  between  that  and  the  other. 
This  charader  confifls  in  the  total  want  of  the  ne61:ary,  or  more 
properly  fcales,  at  the  bafe  of  the  ftamina.  The  true  europaa 
is  alfo  larger  in  all  its  parts,  except  that  the  flyles  are  rather 
fhorter,  and  generally  more  divaricated.  The  fimple 
of  both  thefe  fpecies  diflinguifh  them  from  C.  americanp  which 
has  capitate  ftigmas.  The  number  of  ftamina,  and  fegments 
of  the  corolla,  varies  from  4.  to  5 in  all  the  fpecies  ; the  latter 
we  have  found  the  moft  prevailing,  at  leaft  in  the  Epithymiwi^ 
americana,  and  a new  Eaft  Indian  fpecies  ; fo  that  perhaps  the 
crenus  ought  to  be  removed  to  the  5th  clafs.  C.  europi^p  grov^  s 
parafitically  upon  nettles,  flax,  thiftles,  &c.  flowering  in  Au- 
guft  and  September.  1 he  corolla  is  very  thin,  pellucid,  re- 
ticulated, and  permanent.  ^ 

We  beg  leave  to  fubftitute  the  following  fynonyms  and  cha- 

raders  for  thofe  already  given  to  our  Tab.  55. 

C U S C U T A Epithymum. 

LeJler  Dodder. 


Spec.  Char.  Flowers  feffile.  A fringed  fcale  clofe 
at  the  bafe  of  each  ftamen.  Stigmas  timple. 

Syn.  Cufcuta  Epithymum.  Linn.  Syfl.  ^eg.  ed. 

140.  JVith.  Bot.  Arr.  i66.  FI.  Dan.  t.  427.  bad. 


The  fynonym  of  Ray  probably 

far  the  moft  common,  but  the  C.  major  of  Bauhm  muft  be  he 
other,  britilh  authors  in  general  have  e.ther  confounded  the 

two,  or  taken,  as  we  did,  the  Efnhrnum  for  the  arnfau. 


>707  Hr/,  J-'i.- 


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■'i'/iL  ii.j ,1  i L gs  3ui3i1t(b'’. 

.'■  bo.Tfrofii'.rr  ^a't^'  o7'/n^)rb'  o^n/'raVo,  ay;,  a !i»  suztun  ji/\  tffao: 

a'''k  ^rio!  smfPfPi  mIi  .':;'>;iV'.'i.-jt;H  ^\A- 

• vA  oj  '^.v-ri  '-y  ■■'‘:..*7i!;i^  sdi'  , m ■■ . : . • 


('PPi  '*0 


[ 379  ] 

STRATIOTES  aloldes. 

Water  Aloe^  or  Water  Soldier^ 


POL  T A N D R I A Hexagyma. 

Gen.  Char.  Spatha  of  a leaves.  Inner  Calyx  Tupe- 
rior,  in  3 fegments.  Fetals  3.  Berry  with  6 cells. 

Spec.  Char.  Leaves  fword-Hiaped,  channelled,  with 
a prominent  rib,  fringed  with  fharp  prickles. 

Syn.  Stratiotes  abides.  Linn.  Sp.  PL  754.  Hudf.  FL 
An.  236.  With.  Bot.  Arr.  564.  Relh.  Cant.  207. 

S.  foliis  Aloes,  femine  longo.  Rail  Syn.  290. 


TThIS  elegant  aquatic  is  fcarcely  found  In  any  other  part  of 
England  than  Lincolnthire,  Cambridgethire  and  Norfolk,  where 
it  grows  In  the  deep  ditches  of  the  fens,  fometimes  fo  coploufly 
as  to  occupy  the  furface  entirely,  to  the  exclufion  of  all  other 
plants.  We  received  frefh  fpecimens  from  Mr.  William  Skrimp- 
fhire  of  Wilheach.  It  flowers  in  July. 

The  Stratiotes  is  a ftoloniferous  plant,  and  truly  perennial, 
though  each  root  flowers  but  once,  as  in  fome  fpecies  of  Saxifragay 
Sempervivumj  &c.  The  parent  plant,  rooted  in  the  mud  at  the 
bottom  of  the  ditch  after  flowering,  fends  out  buds  of  leaves  at 
the  end  of  long  runners,  which  rife  to  the  furface,  form  roots, 
bloflbm,  and  then  fink  to  the  bottom,  where  they  take  hold  of 
the  mud,  fometimes  ripen  their  feeds,  and  always  become  in 
their  turn  the  parents  of  another  race  of  young  offsets.  The 
leaves  are  all  radical,  forming  a ftar-like  tuft,  as  in  the  Aloe  and 
Sediim  tribe.  Their  fubftance  is  rigid,  brittle,  vafcular  and 
pellucid  j their  teeth  and  points  very  fharp.  Flower- ftalks  fe- 
veral,  fhort,  ere£f,  fomewhat  comprelfed,  fmooth,  each  bear- 
ing one  eredl  white  flower,  arifing  from  a two-leaved  (heath. 
The  (lamina  are  (hort,  with  awl-(haped  anthers.  Germen  above 
the  (heath,  but  much  below  the  calyx.  Styles  6,  cloven,  rifing 
a little  above  the  (lamina.  Linnsus  in  his  manuferipts  quotes 
Bergen,  Zinn  and  Fabricius  as  having  found  the  flowers  dioi- 
cous,  whereas  he  always  obferved  them  to  be  hermaphrodite. 
We  have  feen  the  (lamina  apparently  imperfedl  in  fome  flowers, 
and  the  (lyles  in  others.  The  genus  is  very  near  akin  to 
^rochezris^  and  perhaps  ought  to  be  united  with  it. 


1 


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.L'jh.a'-^r:b  BriB -ni^ui 
; dtooqfft  ,Pj7:n  TO  s ,r)iir|a  .;iahD 
.Vfjv;o^  ,VBV7  ^'lio  vninsol 
.\u.  m TA>\a)^v^'  xidnfl  ^dvfjLd  :^:yc^ 

' ■ ' • .>01  .1  .'J*  ' 

.'-^'iMO'i^/lOfr(D  .Cl 

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, yui^\  .Ltpiib  iJainT,>3«.j,ojq>  ^mxai mumr^a 

’ -v^  -H' 

imdchur.  ssfrtitiirft,};*!  vljb;..,,,  /[g.;,;..;, 

. luO  ?i*  io  fto  •.;;?  no  eir,-:-;  io  erfno:;i  i i, 

,YVfi(l  .a  CJ  hiin  fcuwbooW  .T  v.i  b-jinf!;cs  37*»w Yns.r  ;•:  I 

.‘k1  in'syA  ni  ttfinofn  e'jsvn  ;,,■;<  bn!:  fi:'L'/v  i>;'y.v'3ij  ..••ipi.'I 

-X!3«ij!3sw.i.«i  dw,!^o!oi!w  aai  .snmi)  v,,v  ,iAn”5T-o-  t.'  ■i  ' 

J'V.KTil  Sfl>  ;*3i3,,frv,;a  £'>rf-.mr,i 

,8nW3cnH  .:..-i:B»j.Ir.  «K-/  nor,.*  o,  i,' 
-i;»!  .aA'fja  '.sfinpli  i)v^s>>l ■«*‘'f>.iftiw 

Unu  yo,lr.-.!  h'Jfhjq  .fisTo  ,Y°.  vJi.rjn:.^  'I'r’in  : 

9i!  t’  .,ba  »no  no  swwof  dnn  f /If.'w  -a  J^opi  , 
lo  Mrnnio,  .fttoorni  ,p:7^h.  -dml  a /nli/p-or  ...i  non, r^oo 
<.!Y!l«:.A  -^n  *3„ji  !!  ;,n%.,«r:no  ,v::wci>  xvio  3,^- 
VI  ) J;;  ,VWf!3!;3l.8j.'n3:i.o  io  slnii,-;  ilsq  ,-ini 

.;  • ,‘  ' 't  /:  m';i 

■ -r-a '."-.irtgivl  ntc-a  'i.i'i'-'jaT.'e'uxnn^i . 

. •<-'  c M biibinKanoo  aEi  •frY^o’a  rb 

piivv^  /noxoTliV  x,J=Mwi}j(i.':  V wioin-A  ■lo-s.-fiiin  ztl'i'  ..iv 
■«r  yiYY  ao-*;:-.:q  bg-:,.!  ,.  p:-,rvd  bm:  , .'  c:  ' 

{/'{[i.v)  io' fiui'r^.D  3‘i-{j  cc  ri  ^y/'  *(;*;4i,';;ii 


‘V  .'‘hqi  oVol'jm 


wwii  rn  ivjv/ofi  sfii  bfsfc  .i  ■■•-;.  fiim  nii-/ .[girt.. .■,«« 

.,  ■ _ ,.  itt*  j,3b.. 


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[ 38o  ] 

D A C T Y L I S ftrlda. 

Smooth  Cocli  s-foot  Grafs* 


r RIAN  D RIA  Digynia* 

Gen.  Char.  Cal.  of  2 valves,  compreffed  ; one  valve 
larger  and  carinated. 

Spec.  Char.  Spikes  2 or  3,  ere61:,  fmooth  ; flowers 
leaning  one  way,  downy. 

Syn.  Dadlylis  flridla.  Solander  in  Ait.  Hort.  Kew, 
V.  I.  104. 

D.  cynofuroides.  Hiidf.  FI.  An.  43*  ^Fith.  Bot. 
Arr.  93. 

Spartum  eflTexianum,  fpica  gemina  claufa.  Rail 
Syn.  393.  ______ 

Found,  though  rarely,  in  muddy  falt-marlhes  and  about 
the  mouths  of  rivers  on  the  eaft  fide  of  this  kingdom.  Our 
fpecimens  were  gathered  by  T.  Woodward  and  D.  E.  Davy, 
Efqrs.  between  Aldborough  and  the  river’s  mouth,  in  Auguft  laft. 

Root  perennial,  very  ftrong.  The  whole  herb  is  exceedingly 
hard  and  rigid,  from  10  to  20  inches  high,  ered  •,  the  ftraws 
clothed  to  the  top  with  alternate,  fheathing,  ftriated,  pointed 
leaves,  of  a dull  green,  with  fliort  jagged  ftipulse.  Spikes  ter- 
minal, generally  2,  perfedly  ered,  clofe  preffed  together  and 
nearly  equal,  fet  with  2 ranks  of  flowers  on  one  fide.  The 
common  ftalk  is  angular,  a little  zigzag,  fmooth,  Glumes  of 
the  calyx  downy,  containing  a Angle  floret.  Antherx  projed- 
ing,  pale-purple  or  brownifli.  Stigmas  feathery,  united  at  the 
bafe  into  a Ample  ilyle. 

Tinnseus  received  fpecimens  of  this  grafs  from  Loefling,  ga-^ 
thered  in  Portugal.  He  confounded  it  with  his  D.  cynofuroides^ 
which  is  a native  of  America,  and  widely  different,  growing 
to  a much  greater  Aze,  and  bearing  a large  panicle  of  very  nu- 
merous fpikes,  whofe  ftalks,  as  well  as  the  carina  of  the  calyx, 
are  rough  with  minute  fpinous  teeth,  and  the  flowers  are  more 
crowded  than  In  D.  Jiridfa* 


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. nrJiioi  or  I^rii. U/f 

Jil  -‘JVlkkt  >1 /[i,.3  ./I  / 

JjHi;  ,ol;/)qBO  ; r.  'r;.'  i . j 

t .,-U'ji:;mjiii  i^arjill  .fiDvi;*.!  I.  jvry-oTnfi  otrJoj-j 

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-If- iu-(jif;(]  fTnanoif  jrinv/lv*)  .■  I 

•-^c  •■'  •.?'  .fii  ifnnj  [‘J7 


J.  ^uo\  0((7.-  .!-■[  .VVI,(I  ..'T.u  '<.:a;lTAwiX7-/:T.'cO 
.’{14.  r,  gimiiv,  ■:;.  ,>iio-fiu(>  .,rimlr,.(l  k vn,-.:,- },.st:i  ,;.  i'lr  v 
a M ;;  Urn  xliKijsr.'b  Ttiiii:!  ■nb  m tiux,.  ;1 

^ ' ‘“■'■'•■•'•"o'-)  rii  l-■;atiI7.V.'tk.;I1  :xi  al  biU 

-reM\  .J  jui  ii;iv/  iij  b,f,(ii/oV  ;>D  viiSqoiq.Tii  ■(•:,■.■  si"j;[u,i.I 
-tjI  iijubf;;,ls  aira  zyb;:)  l.  iSiihq-nnol  yiav  t 2/;,i  (bjrfv/  .ttnuVsH 
.O’rmi  -.^o  bi.s  .i,  „o,  ,[j,>  .qv-  .!  b„6 

fwO  .llru.0^.vA  inv.!  rncjlLv..  a;,ii{:3  .o4  i'islitH  >i  ar/lT 
10  7 . aiji  r;  «,  a-,'%vv.\«  ..i  ol  f.-rlli  v!-„;,..t  lie.  -i 

^rr/iafco.q  , joy  uniuisnq  ’{boo’.v  ..  g, .;•/<.(:  ,a  .■? 

^agfas  ,rjv.vn  ,~c  eam;3af..c.'i.,.,  avi..:  «r,...,:.l  a.i'j'  i 

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' avfirl  aV/  .sala-j  -j.  io  fnoiaia.r.q  aiia  -rkm  daitl-.v 

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sioan  tas  ,atv/c5  iana^a-j  alaaadu  aioaat  eai  ^Ibaq} 


[ 38i  ] 


L I N U M anguftlfoUum. 
Narrow-leaved  Flax. 


PENTjINDRIA  Pentagyma, 

Gen.  Char.  Cal.  5-leavecl.  Petals  5.  Capf.  with  10 
valves  and  10  cells.  Seeds  folitary. 

Spec.  Char.  Calyx  obfoletely  three-nerved,  (harp- 
pointed,  as  well  as  the  capfule,  and  linear-lan- 
ceolate three-nerved  leaves.  Stems  numerous,  a 
little  inclined. 

Syn.  Linum  anguftifolium.  Hiulf.  FI.  An.  134. 
JVith.  Bot.  Arr.  329. 

L.  tenuifolium  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  399. 

L.  fylveftre  anguftifolium,  fioribus  dilute  purpuraC 
centibus  vel  carneis.  Rail  Syn.  362. 


Communicated  by  d.e.  Davy,  Efq.  who  found  it 

wild  in  great  plenty  at  Darfham,  Suffolk,  flowering  in  July. 
It  occurs  in  dry  fandy  paftures,  efpecially  near  the  fea  j and  is 
faid  to  be  moft  plentiful  in  Cornwall  and  Devonfhire. 

Linnseus  very  improperly  confounded  this  with  his  L.  tenui^ 
folium^  which  has  a very  long-pointed  calyx  with  glandular  fer- 
ratures,  and  leaves  with  rough  edges  and  only  a central  nerve. 
That  is  Hallef  s No.  838,  as  we  learn  from  Mr.  Davall.  Ours 
is  moft  nearly  allied  to  L.  ufitatijfimum  in  the  ftruaure  of  all 
its  parts,  except  in  having  a woody  perennial  root  producing 
many  ftems  ; it  differs  alfo  at  firft  fight  in  having  fmaller  paler 
flowers.  The  leaves  have  3,  fometimes  5,  nerves,  their  edges 
entire  and  Imooth.  Calyx- leaves  fmooth,  elliptical,  with  a 
(harp  point ; in  the  flowering  ftate  fcarcely  more  than  one  nerve 
is  vifible,  but  as  the  fruit  ripens  the  calyx  becomes  diftinaiy 
3-nerved.  The  petals  are  entire,  or  flightly  notched.  Valves 
of  the  capfule  diftinaiy  10,  cohering  by  their  inflexed  margins, 
which  make  the  partitions  of  the  10  cells.  We  have  therefore 
altered  the  generic  charaaer,  as  M.  de  Juflieu  has  done,  to  10 
(not  5)  valves.  We  cannot  however  agree  with  that  learned 
botanift  in  referring  this  genus  to  his  order  of  Caryophyllea. 
Surely  it  belongs  to  the  Gerania.  The  cells  of  the  capfule  are 
clofely  analogous  to  arilliy  and  about  the  reft  of  the  charaaers 
there  can  be  no  doubt.  See  Gen.  303. 

L.  pereme,  tab.  40,  is  fufficiently  diftinguifhable  from  this 
fpecies  by  its  more  obtufe  5-j^erved  calyx,  and  more  capitate 
ftigmas. 


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.'■Vk'^yv  ,,  .'*rf-Xn.nr 


[ 38*  ] 

L I N U M catharticum. 
Purging  Flax. 


p ENTANDRIA  Pentagyma. 

Gen.  Char.  Cal.  5-leaved.  Petals  5.  Caff,  with  10 
valves  and  lo  cells.  Seeds  folitary. 

Spec.  Char.  Leaves  oppofite,  obovato-lanceolate. 

Stem  forked.  Petals  pointed. 

Syn.  Linum  catharticum.  Linn.  Sf.  PI.  401.  Hu4f- 
FI.  An.  134.  330- 

131.  Sibih.  Ox.  106.  Curt.  Lond.fafc.  3.  t.  19. 
Mart.  FI.  Ruji.  t.  135.  Dickf  II.  Sire.  fafe.  3.  7. 

L.  fylveftre  catharticum.  Raii  Syn.  363. 


Very  common  in  dry  open  hilly  paftures,  where  it  may 
be  found  in  flower  from  June  to  the  end  of  Auguft. 

The  root  is  annual  and  very  fmall.  Stems  Several, 
bowed  at  the  bafe,  then  upright  and  Ample,  till  they  branch  o 
into  a forked,  leafy,  flender-ftalked  panicle 
feffile,  upright,  inclining  to  an  obovate  or  elliptical  form,  obtuie 
with  a Alight  point,  entire,  glaucous  beneath.  The  whole  herb 
is  fmooth.  When  the  panicle  begins  to  branch  off,  its  lower 
branches,  as  well  as  the  leaves  that  accompany  them,  are 
alternate.  Flowers  terminal,  folitary,  drooping  in  the  bud, 
then  erea,  white,  not  unlike  thofe  of  zn  Jrenana.  Calyx- 
leaves  ovato-lanceolate,  pointed,  ferrated,  with  a ‘tary  ne^  • 
Petals  obovate,  pointed.  Stamina  monadelphous.  Stigmas 
capitate.  Capfule  with  10  valves,  but  before  they  are  quite 
lip*^  they  cohere  in  pairs  by  means  of  the  P«tt=>nent  ftyles. 

Gerarde  calls  this  Mill-mountaine,  Md  celebrates  it  as 

purge  on  the  authority  of  a Biftiop  of  Bath  . 

ufed  it  commonly  for  that  purpofe.  His  ’’®?'''P  j 

of  the  herb  infufed  in  a pint  of  warm  white  wine  all 
drunk  in  the  morning.  Dr  Withering  ^comnaends  an  infu 
fion  of  2 drams  or  more  of  the  dried  herb,  as  an  M«Uent 
cathartic  (and  fometimes  a diuretic)  in  many  obftinate  rheu- 
matifms. 


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f .ribtfjy blao^o  v:bfiqftT  od;  \<i  ii/o 


[ 383  ] 

O P H R Y S apifera. 

Bee  Orchis. 


GY  NA  N D RI A Dlandrla, 

Gen.  Char.  Nedfary  confifting  of  a lip  only,  flightly 
carinated  at  the  back. 

Spec.  Char.  Bulbs  rounclifh.  Stem  leafy.  Lip 
roundifh,  convex,  downy  above,  in  five  inflexed 
divilions,  the  terminal  one  acute  and  recurved. 
Syn.  Ophrys  apifera.  Ihidf.  FI.  An.  391.  Curt.  Bond, 
fcifc.  I.  t.  66.  Jllth.  Bot.  Arr.  993.  Relh. 
Cant.  339.  S'lhth.  Ox.  13. 

Orchis  fuciflora  galea  Sc  alis  purpurafeentibus.  Pui'n 

-!>«•  379-  

Found  occafionally  in  paRuixs,  chiefly  on  a chalky  foil, 
2nd  fometimes  in  great  plenty,  flowering  about  July. 

Mr.  Hudfon  has  juftly  diferirainated  the  three  Britlfh  fpecies 
of  infedt-like  Orchifes,  2 of  wLich  we  have  already  figured 
tab.  64  and  65.  That  now  before  us  is  moft  allied  to  the 
araniferay  from  which  it  differs  in  having  the  3 larger  petals 
reddilh,  but  more  efpecially  in  the  very  different  form  of  the 
nedtary,  which  has  five  lobes  inftead  of  three ; and  initead  of 
terminating  with  a notch,  the  central  lobe  forms  a recurved 
point,  compared,  by  thofe  who  draw  analogies  very  clofely,  to 
the  fling  of  the  bee.  Profeflbr  Murray,  in  attempting  to  dif- 
tinguifh  thefe  fpecies  in  the  14th  edition  of  Linn.  Syjr.  has 
confounded  the  apifera  with  the  arachnites  of  Linnscus,  which  is 
not  an  Englifh  plant,  and  which,  though  it  in  fome  refpedls 
refembles  our  has  not  the  fharp  recurved  lobe  of  the 

nedlary,  but  in  its  flead  various  obtufe  flat  fegments. 

The  Bee  Orchis  is  generally  a favourite  with  all  admirers  of 
plants,  and  has  by  that  means  become  rare  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  London  and  other  great  towns,  having  been  rooted 
out  by  the  rapacity  of  cultivators. 


3o3 


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f vi  A r: 


[ 384  ] 


GALIUM  angUcum. 
Small  Ladies-bedjiraw, 


TETRANDRIA  Monogyma, 

Gen.  Char.  Cor,  of  one  petals  fiat.  Seeds  two, 
roundifh. 

Spec.  Char.  Leaves  about  fix  in  a whorl,  lanceolate, 
pointed,  ciliated  with  prickles.  Stems  ftraggling, 
rough.  Flower-ftalks cloven.  Fruit  without  hairs. 

Syn.  Galium  anglicum.  HndJ,  FI.  A?t.  69.  JFith, 
BoL  Arr.  153. 

G.  parifienfe.  Relb,  Cant.  67.  Llmi.  Sp.  PI.  157  ? 

Aparine  minima.  Raii  Syn,  225.  t.  9./.  i. 


Sent  from  Cambridgeflilre  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hemfted.  It 
is  found  alfo  in  Norfolk  and  Suffolk,  though  very  rarely,  for  the 
moft  part  upon  walls  in  a dry  fandy  foil,  flowering  in  June  and 
July,  after  which  the  plant  is  foon  dried  up  and  perifbes. 

Root  fmall,  annual.  Stems  feveral,  fpreading,  branched, 
fquare,  their  angles  rough  with  reflexed  briftles.  Leaves  fmall, 
about  6 in  a whorl,  reflexed,  lanceolate,  pointed,  their  edges, 
and  fometimes  their  upper  furface,  rough  with  briftles  point- 
ing forwards.  Flower-ftalks  terminal,  {lender,  fmooth,  forked, 
with  a pair  of  leaves  at  their  flrft  divarication,  and  here  and 
there  a minute  folitary  leaf  above.  Flowers  pale  greenifh  yel- 
low, very  fmall,  with  pointed  ribbed  petals.  Germen  and  fruit 
deftitute  of  hairs>  but  when  magnified  they  appear  rough  with 
minute  tubercles. 

This  may  poffibly  be,  as  Dr.  Stokes  fufpe£fed,  merely  a 
variety  of  the  G.  parifienfe  of  Linnaeus  •,  for  no  difference  is 
difcoverable  between  his  original  fpecimens  and  ours,  except 
the  fruit  of  the  former  being  thickly  clothed  with  prominent 
hairs.  Whether  the  abovementioned  tubercles  on  the  fruit  of 
G.  anglicum  may,  in  any  circumftances,  produce  fuch  hairs,  has 
not  yet  been  afeertained.  In  the  mean  while  we  here  exhibit 
what  is  undoubtedly  Mr.  Hudfon’s  plant,  as  well  as  Ray’s,  that 
there  may  be  no  uncertainty  about  that  part  of  the  queftion  in 
future. 


.1 


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P. 


[ 3*5  ] 

GERANIUM  pufillum. 

Small-flowered  CraneJhilL 


MONADELPHIA  Decandrla, 

Gen.  Char.  Style  one.  Petals  5,  regular.  NeSlary 
5 glands  at  the  bafe  of  the  longer  ftarnina. 
Fruit  beaked,  feparating  into  5 feed-cafes,  each 
tipped  with  a long  fimple  naked  awn. 

Spec.  Char.  Stalks  two-flowered.  Petals  notched. 
Leaves  kidney-fhaped,  palmate,  cut.  Seed-cafes 
even,  carinated,  downy  with  eredt  hairs.  Seeds 
fmooth. 

Syn.  Geranium  pufillum.  lAnn,  Sp.  PL  957.  Hudfl  FL 
An,  ed.  I.  266.  JVith.  Bot.  Arr.  733. 

Cant.  262.  Cavan.  DiJ.  202.  t.  83./.  i-  l^/Afl- 
Dr.  PI.  yS. 

G.  molle  p.  Hiidf.  FI.  An.  ed.  2.  303. 

G.  parviflorum.  Curt.  Lond.fafc.  6.  t. 

G.  malvaefolium.  IFith.  Bot.  Arr.  ed.  3.  603.  Scop. 
Cam.  V.  2.  37. 

G.  humile.  Cavan.  Biff.  202.  t.  83./.  2. 

G.  columbinum  humile,  flore  cseruleo  mmimo. 
P.an  Syn.  359.  t.  16./.  2. 


Common  in  various  parts  of  England  on  wafte  ground, 
efpecially  on  a gravelly  foil,  though  till  very  lately  not  well 
diftinguifhed  from  G.  niolle  and  rotufidijotiiim.  It  differs  from 
the  former  in  having  an  even  and  downy,  not  wrinkled  and 
naked  feed-coat,  and  from  the  latter  in  the  downinefs  of  that 
part  being  clofe-preffed,  or  at  leaft  pointing  upwards,  not 
fpreading,  and  the  feeds  fmooth,  not  dotted,  as  we  long  ago 
obferved.  Seer.  157.  The  petals  moreover  fcarcely  exceed  the 
calyx,  and  are  notched,  yet  not  fo  deeply  cloven  as  thofe  of  molle 
and  pyre?iaicumi  with  which  lafl,  though  widely  different  in  fize 
and  appearance,  pufdlmn  has  more  affinity  in  flructure  than 
with  any  others  of  this  intricate  tribe. 

The  root  is  annual.  Stems  profirate,  unlefs  fupported  by 
other  plants,  branched,  varying  extremely  in  luxuriance.  Hence 
the  fmall  variety  figured  by  Dilienius  in  Ray’s  Synopfis  has 
been  thought  a diaindf  fpecies,  or  the  true  ftate  of  the  plant 
while  the  larger  was  referred  to  molle.  Leaves  in  (harp  gene- 
rally linear  fegments.  Flowers  fmall,  pale  purple.  Calyx  without 
awns.  Five  of  the  Ifamina  only  perfea:.  It  flowers  from  June 
to  September,  and  in  fenfible  qualities  agrees  with  molle. 

We  lament  that  we  cannot  follow  our  candid  and  judicious 
friend  Dr.  Withering  in  the  trivial  name.  The  leaves  are  lefs 
like  thofe  of  Mallows  than  moft  others.  Pufdlum^  from  the 
minute  flowers,  is  very  expreffive,  nor  h there  any  reafon  to 
change  it  to  parv/Jlorum. 


365 


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[ 386  ] 

C A R D U U S erlophorus. 

Woolly-headed  Thljlk. 


SYNGENESIA  Poly^amm-aqualis, 

Gen.  Char.  Cal.  ovate^  imbricated  with  fpinous  fcales. 
Receptacle  hairy. 

Spec.  Char.  Leaves  fcffile,  pinnatifid,  every  other 
fegment  pointing  upwards.  Calyx  globular,  woolly. 

Syn.  Carduus  eriophorus.  Lhm.  Sp.  PI.  Pludf. 

FI.  An,  354.  IVith,  hot,  Arr,  875.  Relh,  Cant, 
307.  Sibth.  Ox.  246. 

C.  tomentofus.  Corona  fratrumdiclus.  Rati  Syn.  195. 


T HE  thiftle  here  delineated  Is  the  largeft  Britifh  fpecies,  and 
generally  efteemed  the  mofi:  uncommon;  we  have  however 
obferved  it  in  various  parts  of  this  ifland  on  a calcareous  foil. 
Mr.  Jacob  Rayer  gathered  the  prefent  fpecimen  in  Hampfhire 
in  Augud  laft. 

The  root  is  biennial.  Stem  3 feet  or  more  in  height,  ere£l, 
much  branched,  many-angled,  hairy.  Leaves  fpreading,  alter- 
nate, feffile,  deeply  pinnatifid  with  two  ranks  of  oblong  divari- 
cated fegments,  alternately  pointing  upwards  and  downwards, 
and  armed  with  very  ftrong  fpines.  The  upper  fide  of  the 
leaves  is  rough  with  fmall  rigid  clofe-preffed  bridles  ; the  under 
clothed  with  cottony  down.  Flow^ers  folitary,  terminating  the 
branches,  erea:,  very  large,  6 or  8 inches  in  circumference. 
Calyx  globular,  or  fomew^hat  depreffed  its  fcales  numerous, 
fpreading,  thickly  interwoven  wdth  wool,  and  modly  terminat- 
ing in  a linear  blunt  leafy  appendage,  ciliated  and  tipped 
with  foines.  Florets  (lender,  purple.  The  radical  leaves  are 
often  two  feet  long,  and  their  fegments  (as  Mr.  Woodward  ob- 
ferves)  are  much  more  diftindtly  ranged  in  tw'O  ranks  than 
thofe  on  the  ftem.  The  flowers  are  now  and  then  found  w^hite. 


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[ 387  ] 

RANUNCULUS  Flammula. 

Lejfer  Spear -wort. 


P OLYANDRIA  Polygynla. 

Gen.  Char.  Cal  5-leaved.  Petals  5,  with  a honey- 
bearing  pore  on  the  infide  of  the  claw  of  each. 
Seeds  naked. 

Spec.  Char.  Leaves  ovato-lanceolate,  on  foot-ftalks. 
Stem  declining. 

Syn.  Ranunculus  Flammula.  Linn,  Sp.  PL  77-* 
Hudf,  FI  An,  239.  Uath,  Bot,  Arr.  571.  3, 

504.  Relh,  Cant,  211.  Sibth,  Ox,  171.  Curt. 
Land,  fajc.  6.  t, 

R.  flammeus  minor.  P\.aii.  Syn,  250. 


X HIS  grows  very  frequently  In  watery  places  in  a black 
fpongy  foil,  flowering  throughout  the  fummer. 

The  long  fibrous  perennial  roots  run  deep  into  the  groun  , 
producing  numerous  round  branched  leafy  fmootb  hollow  ftems 
fpreading  in  every  direaion,  and  fometimes  proftrate.  eaves 
on  channelled  footftalks,  lanceolate,  acute,  many-ribbed,  various 
in  fize,  fmooth,  partly  entire  and  partly  ferrated  more  or  e s 
ftrongly,  in  which  refpea  they  are  very  variable.  Flowers  on 
long  round  flower-ftalks,  terminating  the  ftem  and  branches, 
of  a bright  gold-colour.  Calyx  reflexed,  often  fl.ghtly  hairy. 
Honey-pore  in  the  claw  of  the  petals  very  fmall.  Seeds  fmooth. 

At  page  ICO  of  this  work,  Vol.  2,  we  have  figured  and  de- 
fcribed  the  more  uncommon  R.  Lingua,  w'hich  is  nearly  alhe 
to  that  now  defcribed,  differing  only  in  its  greater  fize,  erett 
ftem,  and  more  feflile  leaves.  We  believe  them  horvever  to  be 
truly  diftina,  though  we  cannot  fay  the  fame  of  V..  reptans, 
which  appears  to  be  a fmall  creeping  variety  of  Flammula. 
Dr.  Withering  in  his  3d  edition  recommends  the  diftilled  water 
of  this  plant  as  preferable  to  any  other  medicine  for  procuring 
inftantaneous  vomiting  in  cafes  of  poifon.  Every  par,  o t e 
herb  is  higbiy  acrid j and  blifters  the  ikin. 


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[ 388  ] 

D R A B A incana. 

7' wjfted-podded  IVhitlow-grafs. 


TET  R A DY  N A M I A Silicuhfa. 

Gen.  Char.  Pouch  entire,  long  oval : valves  flaltilh, 
parallel  to  the  partition.  Style  none. 

Spec.  Char.  Stem-leaves  numerous,  hoary.  Pouches 
oblong,  obliquely  twifted. 

Syn.  Draba  incana.  Lim.  Sp.  PL  897.  Hudf.  FI 
An.  279.  Bot.  Arr.  669.  ed.  3.  566. 

FI.  Ban.  t.  130.  Lightf.  Scot.  338. 

Lunaria  contorta  major.  Rah  Syn.  291. 


A.  VERY  rare  inhabitant  of  alpine  calcareous  fituations,  m 
Wales,  Webraoreland,  and  Scotland.  The  root  is  biennial, 
flowering  early  in  the  fecond  fummer.  The  fpecinien  here  re- 
prefented  was  fent  from  Scotland  young,  by  Mr.  Mackay  near 
Edinburgh,  and  being  planted  in  a garden,  flowered  more 
laxuriantly  than  is  ufual  on  rocks  or  walls  -,  but  the  plant  often 
grows  as  large  in  rich  moift  fpots  even  on  its  native  mountains. 
The  fpecimen  in  Flora  Daiiica  is  a ftarved  one. 

Root  long,  branched.  Stem  erea,  hairy.  Leaves  ribbed, 
hoary:  the  radical  ones  lanceolate,  forming  a thick  rofe-like 
tuft;  thofe  on  the  ftem  feffile,  alternate,  ovate  or  wedge- 
fliaped,  varioufly  dentate  and  notched.  Flowers  fmall,  white, 
in  a terminal  corymbus,  which  is  foon  lengthened  out  into  a 
racemus.  Petals  inverfely  heart-fliaped.  Stigma  notched. 
Pods  oblong,  fmooth,  tipped  with  the  permanent  ftigma,  and 
Angularly  twiAed  half  round.  Seeds  feveral. 

The  ftem  in  poor  fpecimens  is  Ample,  in  more  luxuriant 
ones  branched  in  an  alternate  manner. 


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;i®  jlfew  ,sA  »Wtn,..i(f!j  no  ,yjm)  flkn,.  .,i‘j}  ,k  K iis'  <,  .•••'i  ' 

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[ 389  ] 

B R Y U M aureum. 
Golden  Bryunu 


CRYPTOGAMIA  Mujc'u 

Gen.  Char.  Cap/,  with  a lid.  Veil  fmooth.  Flo’wer^ 
Jtalk  from  a terminal  tubercle. 

Spec.  Char.  Capfule  drooping,  pear-fliaped  with  a 
firidure  in  the  middle.  Leaves  brihle-fhaped. 

Syn.  Bryum  aureum.  Iliuif.  FI.  An.  487.  Dickf.  IL 
Sicc.  fafc.  8.  19. 

Mnium  pyriforme.  Lhm.  Sp.  PL  137^*  IVid?.  Bot. 
Arr.  V,  3.  89. 

B.  trichodes  aureum,  capfulis  piriformibus  nutanti- 
bus.  DHL  Miifc.  391.  t.  50./.  60. 


r HE  rare  and  elegant  little  mofs  here  delineated  was  origi- 
nally found  by  Dr.  Deering  on  the  rocks  of  Nottingham-park, 
and  fent  by  him  to  Dillenius.  Mr.  Hudton  feems  never  to  have 
gathered  it.  Mr.  Crowe  and  Mr.  Dickion  found  it  fomc  years 
ago  in  Surrey,  and  Dr.  Smith  met  with  it  very  unexpectedly  in 
lyQo,  as  well  as  repeatedly  Gnce,  on  the  infide  of  the  walls  of 
fome  frames  for  green-houfe  plants,  in  the  garden  of  Mefffs.  Lee 
and  Kennedy,  Hammerfmith,  perfecting  its  capfules  in  July,  as 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Wood  of  Leeds  likewife  obferved  them  in  Wales. 

The  ttems  grow  ereCt,  in  little  tufts,  to  the  height  of  f of  an 
inch,  and  are  clothed  with  light  green,  very  delicate  and  Gender, 
tapering,  entire  leaves,  fome  of  the  uppermoll  of  which  are 
much  longer  than  the  reft,  forming  a tutt  or  ftar,  in  the  centre 
of  which  Hand  the  antheras  in  fome  individuals,  and  in  others  the 
fruit-ftalk  (for  fo  xhe,  pedunculus  may  properly  be  called  in  this 
tribe),  which  arifes,  from  an  oblong  tubercle,  to  the  height  of 
above  an  inch.  This  (talk  is  capillary,  flightly  waved,  of  a vivid 
gold  or  orange  colour.  Capfules  pear-fhaped,  green  when 
young,  ripening  into  the  fame  bright  colour  as  the  ftalk,  clofed 
with  an  hemifphserical  lid,  covered  when  young  with  a white 
Gender  veil,  which  Dillenius  never  faw.  The  capfule  is  bor- 
dered with  16  fpreading  white  teeth,  and  clofed  with  other  un- 
equal ones  beGdes,  according  to  Hedwig’s  charaCler  of  Brytim^ 


I.  P Iliutd)f  A'»^c 


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[ 39°  ] 

B R Y U M fontanum. 
Fountain  Bryiim, 


CRYPTOGAMIA  Mujcl 

Gen.  Char.  Cap/,  with  a lid.  Fell  fmooth.  Flower- 
Jtalk  from  a terminal  tubercle. 

Spec.  Char.  Capfule  oblique,  roundifh.  Stem  branch- 
ed. Leaves  ovate,  acute,  a little  remote,  entire. 
Syn.  Bryum  fontanum.  HudJ,  FI.  An.  475.  Sihth. 
Ox.  289. 

B.  palufire,  fcapis  teretibus  ftellatis,  capfulis  magnis 
fubrotundis.  Dill.  Mufe.  340.  t.  44./.  2. 

Mnium  fontanum.  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1574.  IFitb,  Bot. 

Arr.  V.  3.  85.  Lightf.  Scot.  708. 

Mufeus  paluftris  Adianto  aureo  affinis,  fcapis  tenui- 
bus,  foliolis  brevibus.  Rail  Syn.  98. 


F REQUENT  in  die  boggy  foil  about  clear  cold  fprings  on 
mountainous  commons  and  heaths,  very  confpicuous  at  a dif- 
ftance  from  the  wide  yellowifli  patches  it  forms  in  fuch  fitua- 
tions,  and  often  occupying  the  whole  courfe  of  a rivulet  through 
a fmall  alpine  meadow. 

Roots  perennial,  tufted,  brown,  hems  erect,  thickly  duller* 
ed  together,  leafy,  llender,  generally  once  divided  into  3 or 
more  branches  from  one  centre,  with  now  and  then  a llraggling 
branch  befides,  fo  that  we  could  fcarcely  have  believed  Lin- 
naeus had  intended  the  fame  mofs,  were  not  his  own  Lapland 
fpecimens  now  before  us.  The  leaves  are  fmall,  ovate,  fharp- 
pointed,  but  little  fpreading,  frequently  fo  thinly  fet  that  the 
red  Item  appears  between  them.  Male  flowers  in  large  termi- 
nal heads,  confilling  of  numerous  yellow  antherae,  furrounded 
by  a circle  of  large  fpreading  leaves.  Fruit-ftalks  from  the 
divarication  of  the  branches  on  a different  plant  from  the  male 
flowers,  long,  flender,  each  bearing  a large  globofe  oblique  cap- 
fule, with  a fmall  beaked  lid.  Thefe  capfules  are  to  be  found 
throughout  the  fummer. 

We  do  not  hefitate  to  refer  this  and  the  preceding  to  the 
genus  Bryum  rather  than  Mnium^  as  the  male  flowers  of  the 
latter  ought  to  be  quite  naked.  Linnaeus  ran  counter  to  that 
definition  in  reckoning  every  thing  a Alnium  in  which  male 
flowers  were  difcoverable  at  all,  whether  naked  or  leafy. 


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[ 391  ] 

B R Y U M paluftre. 
MarJlj  Bryum, 


C RY  P TO  G A M I A Mujcl 

Gen.  Char.  Capf,  with  a lid.  fniooth.  Flower- 

Jialk  from  a terminal  tubercle. 

SrEC.  Char.  Capfule  oblique,  oblong.  Stem  branch- 
ed and  forked.  Leaves  lanceolate,  })ointcd,  waved, 
entire. 

Syn.  Mnium  paludrc.  Linn.  Sp.  PL  i574-  iLidf.  FI. 
An.  472.  JViih.  Bot.  Arr.  v.  3.  85.  Relh.  Cant. 
398.  Light f.  Scot.  708. 

M.  majus,  ramis  longioribus  bifurcatis.  Ran  Syn.  78. 
Dill.  Muje.  233.  /.  31./.  3. 


(Common  hi  boggy  meadows  and  the  moift  parts  of  heaths, 
producing  its  fructification  in  May  and  June. 

Its  Items  form  thick  tufts,  and  they  are  matted  together  by  a 
denfe  brown  woollinefs  which  clothes  their  lower  part ; they 
are  two  or  three  times  branched  or  forked,  thickly  clothed  with 
yellowifh-green,  lanceolate,  pointed,  entire,  waved  leaves,  with 
a firong  central  rib,  Adale  flowers  in  fmall  flat  terminal  heads, 
furrounded  by  numerous  fpreading  leaves.  Capfules  on  a dif- 
ferent plant,  oblong  or  fomewhat  pear-fhaped,  oblique,  inclined 
but  not  pendent,  fupported  by  a long  wavy  flalk,  which  is  yel- 
low above,  red  below,  originating  in  a pretty  large  tubercle.  Lid 
conical. 

Dillenius  deferibes  the  male  flowers  as  occafionally  naked 
rifing  upon  little  flower-ftalks  above  the  leaves,  fee  his  jlg>  C j 
and  he  figures  (No.  4.)  a very  finguiar  branched  plant,  com- 
pofed  of  fuch  naked  heads,  growing  on  axillary  branches  all 
the  way  up  the  common  flem.  This  was  Mn.  ramofum  of 
Hudfon’s  firfl:  edition.  Thefe  varieties  feem  to  unite  the  ge- 
nera of  Bryum  and  Mniumy  and  to  prove  that  even  the  naked 
male  flowers  are  not  a perfedfly  juft  criterion  of  the  latter. 
We  are  now  merely  colledfing  faefs,  which  may  hereafter  help 
us,  or  fome  more  able  hand,  to  a better  diftribution  of  thefe 
obfeure  vegetables. 


AHunmar  I A II  I H 3 .1  T c A 


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■^Tjq  n;;  brsw^'i  M Auci>y‘*  Si  'dM  9^'ttr  ai  flo; : !\v  ,t)v-'?>n 


[ 392  ] 

ASPLENIUM  marlnum. 

Sea  Splee?iwort. 


CR  YPTOCAMIA  Fihccs, 

Gex.  Char.  FruBif.  in  fcattercd  lines.  Inrolucrum 
originating  laterally  from  a vein,  and  burfting  in- 
wardly. 

Spec.  Char.  Frond  pinnated.  Leaflets  ovate,  oblique, 
ferrated,  obtufe  ; unequal  and  wedge- fhaped  at  the 
bafe. 

Syx.  Afplcniurn  marlnum.  Lbnu  Sp,  PL  1540.  Hudf. 
FL  An.  453.  J'Fith.  Bot.  Arr.  v.  3.  53.  Dickf. 
IL  Sicc.  faje.  7.  17.  Fighlf.  Scot.  664. 

Chamaefilix  marina  Anglica.  Rail  Syri.  119. 


Gathered  by  Mr.  T.  F.  Forfter,  jun.  on  the  rocks  at 
Haftings,  near  the  caftle,  where  it  was  obferved  in  the  laft  cen- 
tury, as  well  as  in  fome  other  parts  of  the  fouth  and  weft  coaft. 
Mr.  Lightfoot  found  it  in  feveral  places  on  the  Scottifh  coaft, 
and  rightly  refers  to  this  plant  Sibbald’s  wretched  figures,  Sco- 
tia llliprata^  tab.  3. /i  i,  2,  which  have  been  taken  for  the  Adi- 
antiim  trapeziforme  of  Linnaeus,  an  American  fern,  that  has  no 
right  to  a place  in  the  Britifti  Flora. 

Afplenium  marlnum  grows  in  tufts  from  clefts  of  rocks,  hav- 
ing a black  fcaly  root,  which  throws  up  feveral  lanceolate  fronds, 
very  various  in  degree  of  luxuriance,  and  confifting  of  many 
firm  dark-green  leaflets,  the  lower  ones  oppofite,  the  reft  alter- 
nate, and  thofe  about  the  fummit  confluent  and  decurrent. 
The  form  of  thefe  leaflets  is  ovate,  approaching  to  a lozenge, 
the  nerve  dividing  them  unequally,  as  in  many  ferns ; their 
bafe  is  entire,  and  protracted  into  a wedge  fhape  ; the  reft  of 
their  margin  is  ferrated,  fometimes  very  unequally  and  deeply. 
The  fruftification  is  arranged  in  fimple  oblique  lines,  whofe 
covering  membrane  burfts  on  the  fide  looking  towards  the  main 
nerve,  which  is  proper  to  this  genus.  It  may  be  found  in  per- 
fedlion  all  fummer  long. 


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\i  . -•;  .'V 


[ 393  1 

VERBASCUM  Blattarla. 

Moth  Mullein, 


PENTANDRIA  Monogynia. 

Gen.  Char.  Cor.  wheel-fhaped,  a little  irregular. 
Cap/,  with  one  cell^  and  two  valves. 

Spec.  Char.  Leaves  embracing  the  hem,  oblong, 
fmooth,  ferrated.  Flowcr-flalks  lingle-flowered, 
folitary. 

Syn.  Verbafeum  Blattaria.  Lhin,  Sp.  PI.  254.  lJudf. 
FI.  An.  91.  ICith.  Bot.  Arr.  229. 

Blattaria  lutea.  Rail  Syn.  288. 


1/  OUND  by  Mr.  Jacob  Rayer  on  a bank  about  3 miles  from 
Rochetter,  near  the  river  Medway,  in  which  neighbourhood  it 
is  mentioned  as  growing  in  Ray’s  time.  We  are  enabled  by 
means  of  this  wild  fpecimen  to  remove  Dr.  Stokes’s  doubt  in  the 
Bot.  Arr.  whether  the  true  V.  Blattaria  be  an  Englifh  plant  or 
not.  In  gardens  it  is  frequently  cultivated,  and  very  ornamen- 
tal, flowering  from  July  to  November,  or  even  later,  if  the 
weather  be  mild. 

Root  annual,  fufiform.  Stem  3 or  4 feet  high,  branched, 
leafy.  Radical  leaves  flightly  pinnatifid  ; ftem-leaves  ovate,  or 
oblong,  pointed,  embracing  the  ftem  ; all  fmooth,  veiny,  une- 
qually or  doubly  ferrated.  The  upper  ones  gradually  diminifli 
into  pointed  braBea^  from  each  of  whofe  bofoms  arifes  a foli- 
tary Ample  flender  flower-ftalk,  bearing  one  handfome  yellow 
flower,  llreaked  more  or  lefs  with  purple.  The  calyx  is  in  5 
nearly  equal  fegments.  Stamina  clothed  with  purple  hairs. 
Germen  globofe.  Capfule  rather  oblong.  The  upper  part  of 
the  ftem,  as  well  as  the  germen,  calyx,  bra6tese  and  upper  leaves, 
are  clothed  with  fhort  hairs  tipped  with  a minute  globe. 

We  have  been  favoured  by  the  Hon.  Mrs.  F.  Howard  with  a 
fpecimen  gathered  in  Norfolk,  near  Lynn,  which  is  either  a va- 
riety of  this  plant  with  a large  purplifh  flower,  or  the  V.  phee- 
nicenm  of  Linnaeus  \ we  have  not  yet  been  able  to  determine 
which. 


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[ 394  ] 

S E D U M vlllofum. 

Hairy  Stonecrop, 


DECAN  DRIA  Peril  agynia. 

Gkn.  Char.  Cal.  5-clcft.  Vetals  5,  with  five  necta- 
riferous fcalcs  at  the  bafe  of  the  gcrmcn.  Capfules  5. 

Spec.  Char.  Stem  ercci.  Leaves  flattifii,  fiightly 
hairy,  as  well  as  the  flower-ftalks. 

Syn.  Sedum  villofum.  Lhui.  Sp.  PI.  620.  JIudf.  FI. 
All.  197.  JFith.  Bot.  Arr.  469. 

S.  purpurcum  pratcnfe.  Rail  Syn.  270. 


This  is  one  of  thofe  rare  north-country  plants  which  wc 
fliould  have  no  chance  of  procuring,  but  for  the  kind  afiiflance 
of  our  friends.  We  are  indebted  for  it  to  the  fame  gentlemen 
who  fent  Bartfia  alplna^  fee  t.  361.  S.  villofum  grows  in  bogs 
and  moift  meadows  near  rivulets  in  Weftmoreland,  Durham, 
and  the  north-weft  part  of  Yorkfhire,  more  frequent  in  Scot- 
land. Dr.  Smith  found  it  near  Linlithgow.  It  is  annual,  and 
flowers  in  June  and  July. 

Root  fmall,  fibrous,  ftem  3 or  4.  inches  high,  bowed  at  the 
bafe,  then  ere^f,  round,  leafy,  fpotted,  fmooth.  Sometimes  a 
few  leafy  branches  without  flowers  fpring  from  the  bafe,  and 
fometimes  there  are  a few  flender  lateral  flowering  branches, 
but  moft  commonly  the  flowers  are  all  in  a terminal  downy 
corymbus.  Leaves  oblong,  convex  at  the  back,  flat  above,  often 
red,  fometimes  a little  rough  at  the  back  with  vifcid-pointed 
hairs,  efpecially  the  uppermoft.  Flowers  on  flender  alternate 
flower-ftalks,  clothed  (as  well  as  the  calyx)  with  fimilar  hairs. 
Petals  white  or  rofe-coloured,  with  a red  rib.  Antherae  red. 
Capfules  brown,  rough,  tipped  with  the  permanent  ftyles*  Wc 
have  never  feen  this  fpecies  cultivated. 


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[ 395  ] 

S I S O N verdcillatum, 
Whorled  Ho?iewort. 


PENTANDRIA  Digynla, 

Gen.  Char.  Fruif  oval^  ftriated.  Invohcra  both  ge- 
neral and  partial,  each  of  about  4 leaves. 

Spec.  Char.  Leaflets  in  capillary,  whorled  fegments. 

Syn.  Sifon  verticillatum.  Linn.  Sp.  PI,  363.  Hudf 
FL  An.  120.  JVith.  Bot.  Ar?\  295.  Light/.  Scot. 
1096.  t.  35. 

A STILL  more  uncommon  plant  than  the  laft.  hir.  Mac- 
kay,  nurferyman,  near  Edinburgh,  fent  a young  root  of  it  from 
Scotland,  which  flowered  the  following  year,  and  from  thence 
our  figure  was  taken.  It  grows  in  moift:  meadows  in  the  low- 
lands of  North  Britain,  and  has  alfo  been  obferved  in  confider- 
able  plenty  in  the  flat  parts  of  Wales.  It  is  perennial,  flower- 
ing about  July  and  Auguft. 

The  root  confifts  of  oblong  flefhy  radicles,  tapering  to  a 
point.  Stem  12  or  18  inches  high,  eredt,  round,  ftriated,  but 
little  branched,  and  almoft  naked.  Leaves  moftly  radical  and 
very  remarkable,  confifting  of  a Ample  rib,  along  which  are  ar- 
ranged pairs  of  deeply  cloven  leaflets,  whofe  numerous  feg- 
ments are  linear,  acute,  extremely  narrow,  pointing  in  all  direc- 
tions, fo  as  to  form  whorls,  and  that  as  truly  as  the  flowers  do 
in  the  Menthiz  and  other  whorled  plants,  properly  fo  called,  for 
thofe  grow  only  on  two  fides  of  the  ftem,  though  they  feem  to 
embrace  it  all  round.  Umbels  eredf,  of  about  8 or  10  rays, 
with  a general  involucrum  of  3 or  4 fhort  ovate  pointed  leaves. 
Partial  umbels  more  denfe,  and  nearly  flat,  with  fimilar,  but 
more  numerous,  involucra.  Petals  nearly  equal,  inflexed,  white. 
Antherse  purplifli.  Germen  ovate,  ftriated.  Fruit  flightly  com- 
prefTed,  deeply  furrowed,  crowned  with  the  fhort  recurved  per- 
manent ftyles.  The  feeds  are  flightly,  but  not  pleafantly,  aro- 
matic. 


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[ 396  ] 

C I S T U S marlfollus. 
Hoary  Dwarf  Clfus, 


P 0 LY  A N D R 1 A Monogyma. 

Gen.  Char.  Cal.  of  5 leaves,  2 of  which  are  fnialler 
than  the  reft.  Petals  5.  Capf.  with  3 valves. 
Spec.  Char.  Shrubby,  without  ftipulae.  Leaves  op- 
polite,  on  footftalks,  oblong,  flat,  hoary  beneath. 
Syn.  Ciflus  marifolius.  Lmn.  Sp.  PL  741.  Berk.  Oiitl. 
ed.  I.  ‘u.  2.  150. 

C.  hirfutus.  Hadf.  FI.  A?i.  ed.  i.  206.  ed.  2.  232. 

C.  anglicus*  Lhm,  Mant.  245.  JVith.  Bot.  Arr. 

557- 

C.  canus.  Jacq.  FI.  Auftr.  v.  3.  t.  277. 

H el  i ant  hem  urn  alpinum,  folio  Piloiellag  minoris 
Fuchfii.  Rail  Syn.  342. 

H.  ferpilli  folio  incano,  flore  minore  luteo,  inocloro. 
Dill.  Elth.  V.  I.  177.  /.  145./.  173. 

Grows  on  rocks  in  Weftmoreland  and  Lancathire,  but 
rarely.  We  received  it  from  Mr.  Robfon. 

The  roots  are  long,  woody  and  perennial.  Stems  numerous, 
woody,  branched  and  decumbent  at  the  bafe,  riling  to  the  height 
of  3 or  4 inches,  round,  leafy,  downy.  Leaves  oppofite,  on 
fhortilh  downy  footftalks,  fpreading,  flat,  entire,  more  or  lefs 
elliptical,  but  very  various  in  length  ; green  above,  clothed  with 
deprelTed  briftles ; white  and  very  hoary  beneath.  Stipulae 
none.  Flowers  terminal,  each  on  a long  {lender  flower- ftalk, 
forming  a fmall  racemus,  drooping  at  firft,  ere61:  at  the  time 
of  expanfion.  Calyx  hairy,  with  feveral  brown  ribs.  Petals 
obovate,  entire,  flightly  waved.  Germen  ovate,  fmooth,  with 
3 or  4 hairy  lines.  Style  curved.  The  flowers  appear  in  May 
and  June. 

From  the  multiplicity  of  fynonyms  above  quoted,  w'hich  w’C 
have  afcertalned  from  original  fpecimens,  it  is  evident  how  lit- 
tle this  fpecies  has  been  underftood.  By  what  chance  Dr.  Ber- 
kenhout  difcovered  it  to  be  the  C.  marifolitts  of  Linnaeus,  and 
w^as  thus  induced  to  go  counter  to  the  opinion  of  Hudfon,  we 
know  not ; but  he  certainly  was  right,  though  difregarded  by 
later  writers.  It  is  no  lefs  furprifing  that  Mr.  Hudfon  Ihould 
defcribe  this  plant  as  new,  when  every  defcription  and  fynonym 
of  C.  marifolius  agrees  with  it.  Linnaeus  in  the  2d  Mantffa^ 
his  laft  and  leaft  correct  work,  admitted  Hudfon’s  plant  by 
the  name  of  anglicus^  and  defcribes  the  flowers  as  white,  which 
they  very  rarely  are.  Jacquin  took  the  fame  plant  for  C.  canus 
of  Linnaeus,  a very  different  fpecies. 


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[ 397  ] 

POTAMOGETON  denfum. 

Clofe4eaved  Pond-weed. 


TETRANDRIA  Tctragyjiia, 

Gen.  Char.  C^/.  none.  Petals Style  nont.  Seeds 

Spec.  Char.  Leaves  ovate,  acuminated,  oppofite, 
crowded.  Stem  forked.  Spike  of  4 flowers. 

Syn.  Potamogeton  denfum.  Lmn.  Sp.  PL  182.  Hudf. 
FL  An.  75.  fVith,  Bot.  Arr.  173.  Relh.  Cant.  72, 
Sihth.  Ox.  65. 

P.  feu  Fontinalis  media  lucens.  Rati  Syn.  149. 


Not  uncommon  in  ditches,  ponds,  and  flow  flreams,  flow- 
ering in  the  early  part  of  fummer. 

It  is  perennial,  propagating  itfelf  by  runners  which  throw  out 
fibrous  roots  here  and  there  into  the  mud,  and  fend  up  round 
items,  naked  and  Ample  below,  forked  above,  and  thickly  clothed 
with  numerous  pairs  of  oppofite  felTile  fpreading  leaves,  both 
rows  of  which  often  incline  to  one  fide.  Each  leaf  is  ovate, 
lengthened  out  into  a point,  ribbed,  undulated,  entire;  we  have 
not  found  any  ferratures  or  prickles  on  their  margin,  as  fome 
authors  deferibe.  Flower-ftalks  from  between  the  divifions  of 
,the  item  (the  uppermoft  terminal,  till  young  branches  are  pro- 
truded beyond  it),  ihort,  round,  recurved,  bearing  a fhort  fpike, 
or  rather  a little  head,  of  2 or  4 flowers,  well  compared  by  Clu- 
fius,  and  by  Gerarde  after  him,  to  thofe  of  Adoxa\  but  it  muft  be 
obferved  that  Johnfon,  the  profefled  corrector  of  Gerarde,  has 
erroneoufly  inferted  a figure  from  Clufius  of  P.  crifpum  under  the 
fynonym  of  P.  denfum.  Every  part  of  the  flower  is  green. 


bi'AsliUi-AO  A I II  0 


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-,.ri  /-‘u.*;: liA-' •?  .do  u.  ^ 

iifvt/  dlfid  Silt  tn  tjfr..'  :‘>  pidjiri f;>;.''  ,r.''{0.4  '^rritj^nni 

r.  ni  I f}r.r]\iktJt  3,  ?q;r.l:-;ur.fni-'l  ■■/.b  , va  drr> 
Sfifi  tmimKii  .fii)  hai:ii  f^toq  udi  h r ;oiivd  Afb  a!  i\ 

\foh^f  si  i; 

:i/o  'f/m%  vfk^i  ifadlj  -u.-.h  *.< -d; 

<.Ufi:>^  Kriit  }£i{t  u}  bfJAJioril  • ?.l  /i'jiifw)  'jfil  ‘i<f 

tlijio  Jfilb  foi  flOil,::q  Oft  A'J]  , bAf/.‘  . I 

01  Yfhiooiloyi^  \nnot  :,'/]  t...j 

i-'"/ IfiHl  <ji:  d ri.Jr.v  -f-ij  .■,••* ;;;:oq»^  oi/o  • .A 

-7^5£‘if,da  ^ Ife-drd'Ui-.'i.M  ■ ?vuJ 


[ 398  ] 

ARISTOLOCHIA  Clematitls. 

Common  Birthwort, 


GTNANDRIA  Hexandria, 

Gen".  Char.  Stigmas  6.  Cal.  none.  Corolla  of  one 
tongue-fhaped^  entire  petal.  Capfule  inferior,  of 
6 cells. 

Spec.  Char.  Leaves  heart-fhaped.  Stem  credl. 
Flowers  in  axillary  clufters. 

Sy  N.  Ariftolochia  Clematitis.  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  1364. 
Hudf.  FI.  An.  394.  With.  Bot.  Arr.  1003.  ed.  3. 
360.  Relh.  Cant,  342.  Sihth.  Ox.  112.  Dickf, 
Dr.  PI.  14. 


AY  appears  to  have  confidered  this  plant  as  too  doubtful  a 
native  to  be  admitted  into  his  Synopfts,  but  he  could  not  be  un- 
informed of  its  being  found,  apparently  in  a ftate  of  nature,  in 
many  parts  of  England.  It  is  generally  obferved  about  the  ruins 
of  nunneries,  as  at  Godftow  Oxfordfhire,  and  Carrow  Abbey 
near  Norwich,  from  which  laft  place  our  fpecimen  was  fent  by 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Sutton.  The  feveral  kinds  of  Arijiolochia  were 
formerly  a principal  remedy  for  fome  female  diforders. 

The  root  of  this  fpecies  is  long,  flender,  creeping,  and  peren- 
nial. Stems  many,  nearly  2 feet  high,  ereiT,  round,  ftriated, 
fmooth,  a little  zigzag.  Leaves  alternate,  on  footftalks,  without 
ftipulse,  heart-fhaped,  entire,  fmooth,  broad,  with  many  ftrong 
veins,  the  lateral  nerves  branching  in  a pedate  manner.  Flowers 
5 or  6 in  a clufter  from  the  bofom  of  each  leaf,  on  fhortifh  ftalks, 
eredl,  pale  yellow,  appearing  from  July  to  September,  of  a very 
lingular  form,  conlifting  of  one  petal  globofe  at  the  bafe  with  6 
furrows,  then  funnel-fhaped  and  terminating  in  a tongue-like 
figure.  In  the  bottom  of  this  petal  fland  the  ftamina  and  ftyles, 
forming  a globular  body  all  together,  but  the  germen  is  below 
the  corolla.  The  very  fhort  thick  ftamina  do  really  grow  out 
of  the  ftyle  (which  is  likewife  ftiort  and  thick),  fo  that  this  genus 
is  truly  gynandrous^  and  we  fee  no  reafon  for  abolifhing  that  clafs 
merely  becaufe  fome  plants  have  been  erroneoufly  referred  to 
it.  The  ftyle  appears  to  us  fimple,  with  6 ftigmas,  fo  that  we 
have  ventured  in  that  refpecft  to  alter  the  Linnasan  character. 
Like  other  vegetables  that  increafe  much  by  root,  it  rarely  ripens 
its  fruit. 


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[ 399  1 

PEDICULARIS  paluftrls. 

Marp  Loiifewort. 


BID  7'  N A M I yl  Anglofpernna. 

Gen.  Char.  Cal.  (moftly)  with  5 clefts.  Capfide 
pointed,  oblique,  with  2 cells,  ^neds  few',  angular, 
pointed. 

Spec.  Char.  Stem  folitary,  branched.  Calyx  ovate, 
hairy,  ribbed,  in  two  notched  divitions. 

Syn.  Pedicnlaris  palnftris.  Linn.  Sp.  PL  845.  Iludf. 
FL  An.  270.  JVith.  Bat.  An\  643.  Relh.  Cant. 
241.  Sihlh.  Ox.  193. 

P.  palnftris  rubra  elatior.  Rail  Syn.  ^ 284. 


13y  no  means  unfrequent  in  boggy  meadows,  flowering  in 
June  and  July.  We  believe  it  to  be,  as  moft  authors  aflert,  per- 
ennial 5 though  both  this  and  the  following  are  marked  as  an- 
nuals in  Ray’s  Synopfis. 

Root  fmall.  Stem  folitary,  erea,  12  to  15  Inches  high,  an- 
gular, conflftlng  of  one  principal  branch  and,  many  fmaller 
fpreading  lateral  ones,  which  fpring  irregularly  from  the  bottom 
to  the  top.  The  angles  are  hairy.  Leaves  fcattered,  here  and 
there  oppofite,  bipinnatifid  and  notched  ; the  fegments  obtufe, 
varying  much  in  breadth,  their  margins  often  recurved.  Flowers 
axillary,  folitary,  on  (hort  flower-ftalks,  purple,  very  handfome. 
Calyx  inflated,  ovate,  ribbed,  hairy,  its  margin  divided  perpen- 
dicularly  into  two  leafy  lobes,  very  much  cut  and  notched  ; but 
this  part  can  fcarcely  be  faid  to  be  5-lobed,  as  the  Linnaean  ge- 
neric character  requires.  Corolla  ringent ; the  tube  white ; 
upper  lip  much  comprelTed,  vaulted,  purple  with  a deeper  (tain 
at  the  fummit,  tipped  wnth  2 minute  teeth,  but  fcarcely  emargi- 
nate  j lower  lip  oblique,  in  3 large  fpreading  purple  lobes,  each 
ftreaked  with  a red  line,  and  minutely  fringed  with  white.  Sta- 
mina inferted  into  the  bottom  of  the  tube.  Germen  ovate.  Style 
incurved.  Stigma  Ample.  Capfule  ovate,  comprelTed,  when  ripe 
projecting,  with  its  lharp  oblique  beak,  beyond  the  permanent 
calyx.  Partitions  contrary  to  the  valves.  Seeds  about  5 or  6 
in  each  cell.  We  have  fpent  a great  deal  of  time  to  no  purpofe 
in  looking  for  the  tunic  of  the  feeds,  mentioned  by  Linnaeus, 
and  we  find  Gaertner  denies  its  exillence,  at  the  fame  time  de- 
fcriblng  a minute  membranous  appendage  in  V.verticillata, which 
may  perhaps  have  been  wdiat  Linnaeus  had  feen  more  confpicu- 
ous  in  other  fpecies.  ^ ^ 

V.palujirh  is  an  acrid  ufclefs  weed, which  cattle  will  not  touch. 


^99 


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[ 4o=>  ] 

PEDICULARIS  fylvatlca. 

Pajlure  Loufewort, 


D ID  7'  N A MIA  Angwfpermta. 

Gen.  Char.  Cal.  (moftly)  with  5 clefts.  Capf.  pointed, 
oblique,  with  2 cells.  Seeds  few,  angular,  pointed. 

Spec.  Char.  Stems  feveral,  fpreading,  limple.  Calyx 
oblong,  angular,  fmooth,  in  five  unequal  notched 
fegments. 

Syn.  Pedlcularis  fylvatlca.  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  845.  JIudf. 
FI.  A71.  271.  IViih.  Pot.  Arr.  644.  Relh.  Cant. 
241.  Sibth.  Ox.  194. 

P.  pratenfis  rubra  vulgaris.  Rail  Syn,  *284. 


t^ATHER  more  frequent  with  us  than  the  lafl,  inhabiting' 
nioifl  paftures  and  heaths  in  hilly  fituations  chiefly,  and  flower- 
ing in  June  and  July.  It  is  remarkable  that  this  is,  according 
to  Mr.  Davall,  extremely  rare  in  Switzerland,  w'here  fo  many 
magnificent  fpecies  of  Pedicularis,  total  flrangers  to  Britain, 
abound. 

Root  perennial,  flrong  and  thick.  Stems  feveral,  about  3 or 
4 inches  high,  the  central  one  ere6I,  the  reft  procumbent,  all  an- 
gular, the  angles  llightly  hairy.  Leaves  alternate,  bipiiinatifid 
and  notched  as  in  the  laft,  but  the  floral  leaves  are  lefs  com- 
pound than  the  reft.  From  the  crown  of  the  root  arifes  a circle 
of  ovate,  undivided,  recurved,  crenate  leaves,  not  to  be  found 
in  P.  palujlrls.  Flowers  axillary,  folitary,  rofe-coloured,  of  a 
more  uniform  hue  than  in  the  preceding  kind,  but  of  an  elegant 
appearance  as  they  peep  from  the  fide-branches  out  of  the  fur- 
rounding fhort  grafs.  Calyx  tubular,  but  little  inflated,  fmooth, 
with  4 larger  and  4 fmaller  angles  alternately  : the  margin  in  5 
fegments,  4 of  which  are  notched,  the  fifth  fmaller,  and  oppo- 
fite  to  the  deepeft  fiflure.  Corolla  like  the  preceding,  but  the 
lower  lip  is  more  equally  divided,  and  not  fringed.  In  the  reft 
of  the  fructification  they  nearly  agree. 

We  are  obliged  for  many  of  thefe  remarks  to  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Baker,  F.  L.  S.  of  Gloucefterfhire,  a moft  accurate  and  candid 
botanift,  whofe  communications  have  often  enriched  this  publi- 
cation. 


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' TviiMlU  i:,,h  •-,■;!;! .,77  j,,„s 

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,,  , . .n:/jjTrj;  rt^^  hkif  ,,  •,  . .(v  , 

:«fi;y.  ->>  VO// /Vro  oi-  ' o . ^nj/i'r.,. 

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'■..v’s  ' ,.  * . f'  'V..,,.  • *.  ''  • ■-  '■  '■'•  • 


-'li-  /o.li 


,;■-  liivulj  •(■tm'  t:>  -^iiiH-nrjt'/ix^y,  ,%,iU:t  uxli  Vliik  l»r;v.;i.; 

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. ,/rn:t  .917. 


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[ 401  ] 

A R U N D O Phragmites. 

Common  Reed. 


TRI A N D KJA  D'lgyma. 

Gex.  Chau.  Cal.  of  2 valves.  Florets  furrouuded 
with  long  down. 

Spec.  Char.  Calyx  containing  five  florets.  Panicle 
loofe. 

Syn.  Arundo  Phragmites.  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  120.  Hudf. 
FI.  An.  53.  JVith.  Bot.  Arr.  116.  lielh.  Cant. 
51.  Sihth.  Ox.  50. 

A.  vallatoria.  Ran  Syn.  401. 


Nothing  can  be  more  common  than  the  reed  here  repre- 
fented,  in  ditches,  ponds,  and  the  margins  of  rivers,  where  it 
flowers  in  the  middle  of  fummer,  after  which  its  waving  filvery 
plumes,  confifting  of  long  down  remaining  in  the  brown  hulks 
of  the  calyx,  continue  to  ornament  many  a dreary  fen  through- 
out the  autumn,  lifting  their  heads  high  above  all  other  herbage, 
till  their  dry  flalks  are  cut  for  thatching  or  fome  fuch  ufe.  d'hey 
are  for  no  purpofe  more  ufeful,  than  to  make  warm  fheltered 
enclofures  for  a kitchen  garden. 

The  roots  are  perennial,  running  far  into  the  mud.  Straws 
annual,  about  6 feet  high,  ere£f,  round,  jointed,  very  fmooth, 
leafy.  Leaves  alternate,  long,  lanceolate,  tapering  to  a fine 
point,  flriated,  fmoother  and  paler  beneath,  their  edges  a little 
rough  ; their  bafes  flieathing  the  ftraw  and  each  other,  and 
crowned  with  an  extremely  fhort  jagged  liipula,  accompanied 
on  each  fide  by  a fmall  portion  of  filky  down.  Panicle  nearly 
eredb  when  in  flower,  purplifli,  but  after  impregnation  its 
branches  become  more  loofe  and  drooping.  The  calyx-valves 
are  unequal,  containing  about  five  flowers  (fometimes  few'er) 
placed  in  two  ranks  upon  a fmall  ftalk.  Corolla  of  two  valves, 
one  of  them  very  long  and  pointed,  to  the  bafe  of  w'hich  is  at- 
tached externally  a tuft  of  long  foft  flender  hairs,  which  are 
lengthened  after  flowering,  and,  fpreading  in  every  dire£lion, 
give  the  feathery  appearance  above  mentioned.  The  ftamina  arc 
very  flender.  Styles  refiexed,  with  thick  tufted  ftigmas. 


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[ 402  ] 

PHALAPiIS  arundinace^?, 
Reed  Canarij-grass. 


TRI/JNDRIA  Digynia. 

Gen.  Char.  Cal.  2 carinated  equal  valves,  single^ 
flowered,  longer  than  the  corolla.,  whkh  is 
double,  the  inner  one  hardened  investing  the 
seed. 

Spec.  Char.  Panicle  upright,  with  spreading  branches-. 

Flowers  crowded,  leaning  one  way. 

Syn.  Phalaris  arundinacea.  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  80.  ITuds.  23. 
Abbot,  13.  FI.  Dan,  t,  259,  Ehrh,  Calam.  51„ 
SchracL  Germ,  v,  1.  180.  t.  6.  f.  5. 

Arundo  colorata.  Soland.  in  Ait,  H,  Kcw.v,  1.  116. 
Sm.  FI,  Brit^  147.  Knapp,  t,  98.  Hidl,  v,  2.  35, 
Relh,  44. 

Calamagrostis  variegata.  JVkli,  124. 

C.  colorata.  Sibtfi,  37. 

Grarnen  arundinaceuin  acerosa  gluma  nostras.  Raii 
Syn,  400. 


Misled  by  great  authority,  I have  in  FI.  Brit,  referred 
this  grass  to  Arundo,  and  Mr.  Sowerhy  by  mistake  gave  its 
figure  in  t.  402  lor  A,  epigejos,  really  represented  in  t,  4^3. 
We  wish  to  correct  both  errors  by  this  new  page  of  letterpress, 
and  another  to  replace  p,  403. 

The  present  plant  is  extremely  common  about  pools,  ditches 
and  rivers,  flowering  in  July.  A variegated  kind  is  frequent 
in  gardens.  The  root  is  perennial,  creeping,  and  tufted.  Stems* 
from  2 to  3 feet  high,  erect,  strong,  reedy,  smooth  and  leafy, 
with  several  joints.  Leaves  lanceolate,  striated,  pointed,, 
smooth,  more  or  less  glaucous,  with  long,  ribbed,  scarcely 
swelling  sheaths.  Stipula  short,  bluntish.  Panicle  erect,- 
branched,  lobed,  its  branches  spreading,  angular  and  rough. 
Flowers  crowded,  leaning  one  way,  often  purplish.  Calyx- 
glumes  equal,  keeled,  ribbed.  Inner  corolla  shorter  than  the 
calyx,  downy ; cartilaginous  at  length,  and  enfolding  the 
seed  ; outer  of  2 very  minute  linear,  gibbous,  hard  valves, 
each  bearing  a tuft  of  hairs  exceeding  their  own  length. 

Dr.  Schrader  rightly  observes  that  the  hardened  permanent 
corolla  proves  this  a Phalaris,  and  that  what  have  been  taken  for 
mere  tufts  of  hair,  are  really  outer  petals.  These  parts  not  being 
all  represented  in  t,  402,  we  have  inserted  them  in  U 21 60,  at 

Jig-  2. 


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[ 403  ] 


All  UN  DO  epigejos. 
JFood  Reed. 


TRIANDRIA  D'lgynia, 

Gen.  Char.  CaL  of  2 valves.  Florets  surrounded 
with  long  down. 

Spec.  Char.  Calyx  single-flowered,  longer  than  the 
corolla,  taper-pointed.  Panicle  erect,  close.  Flowers 
crowded,  leaning  one  way,  with  a dorsal  awn  nearly 
as  long  as  the  down  and  calyx. 

Syn.  Arundo  epigejos.  Limi,  *Sp.  PL  120.  Sm.  FL 
Brit.  145.  Flidl.  ed.  2.  35.  Relh.  43.  Knapp, 
t.  97.  Scfirad.  Germ.  1.  21 1 . ^ 4. /I  1.  Elirlu 
Calam.  74. 

A.  Calamagrostis.  Huds.  54.  Light/.  106. 

Calaniagrostis  lanceolata.  M^ith.  122. 

Gramen  arundinaceum,  panicula  molli  spadicea,  ma- 
jus.  Rail  Sijyi.  401.  Scheuchz.  Prod.  21.  t,  5. 


This  grows  in  moist  woods  and  about  shady  ditches,  flower- 
ing towards  the  end  of  July,  three  weeks  later  than  A.  Calama* 
grostis,  t.  2159,  a description  of  which  was  by  mistake  ori- 
ginally annexed  to  our  t.  403,  and  that  page  we  wish  to  re- 
place by  the  present. 

The  root  is  creeping  and  perennial.  Stem  nearly  as  tall,  but 
rather  more  slender  than  A.  Phragmites,  t.  401,  much  stouter 
than  yl.  Calamagrostis^  t.  21  59,  often  branched  at  the  bottom, 
leafy,  smooth.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  pointed,  chiefly  glau- 
cous at  the  back,  rougbish,  twice  or  thrice  as  broad  as  in  Ca- 
lamagrosiis.  Sheaths  close,  striated,  smooth,  except  the  up- 
permost which  is  roughish.  Stipula  lanceolate,  acute,  torn. 
Panicle  erect,  much  branched,  shahtly  spreading  every  way 
when  in  bloom.  Flowers  crowded,  leaning  in  clusters  towards 
one  side,  on  rough  rather  rigid  stalks.  Calvx-valves  pur- 
plish, nearly  equal,  lanceolate,  narrow,  long-pointed,  rough. 
Petals  half  as  long  as  the  calyx,  white,  unequal,  cloven  at 
the  top;  the  larger  having  3 rough  ribs,  and  bearing  from 
about  the  middle  a rough  awn,  whose  extremity  reaches  nearly 
to  the  points  of  the  calyx.  The  down  is  likewise  almost  as 
long  as  the  calyx.  A flower  of  this  species  will  be  found  in 
t.  2160.  /.  3. 

Linneeus  having  misquoted  Scheuchzer  under  this  and  the 
Calamagrostis f caused  them  to  be  misunderstood. 


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[ 4C4  ] 

GERANIUM  pratenfe. 

Crowfoot-leaved  CraneJbllL 

MONADELPHIA  Decandria. 

Gen.  Char.  Style  i.  Petals  5,  regular.  NePiary  5 
glands  at  the  bafe  of  the  longer  ftamina.  Fruit 
beaked,  feparating  into  5 feed-cafes,  each  tipped 
with  a long  fimple  naked  awn. 

Spec.  Char.  Stalks  two-flowered.  Petals  entire. 
Leaves  wrinkled,  fomewhat  peltate,  5-lobed,  in 
many  acute  fegments.  Seed-cafes  even,  hairy. 

Syn.  Geranium  pratenfe.  Linn.  Sp.  PI.  954.  Hudf 
FI.  An.  302.  With.  Bot.  Arr.  728.  ed.  606, 
Relh.  Cant.  261.  Sihth.  Ox.  212.  Curt.  Bond, 
fafc.  4.  t.  49. 

G.  batrachoidcs.  Rail  Syn.  360. 


IVIeadows  and  paftures,  in  the  hilly  parts  of  England 
chiefly,  are  ornamented  with  the  flowers  of  this  fine  Geranium^ 
from  the  middle  of  June  till  the  end  of  July ; it  grows  alfo  in 
ibme  places  about  London,  as  Batterfea,  Harrow,  &c. 

The  root  is  perennial,  with  long  ftrong  fibres.  Stems  2 feet 
or  more  in  height,  ere(T,  round,  flightly  hairy,  red  and  fwelled  at 
the  bafe,  branched  above  in  a forked  manner,  with  a leaf  or  two 
at  each  fubdivifion,  accompanied  by  one  or  two  pair  of  brown 
lanceolate  ftlpulje.  Leaves  in  5,  rarely  7,  principal  very  deep 
divifions,  which  are  alfo  deeply  and  fharply  pinnatifid  and  cut, 
wrinkled  and  downy  on  both  fides*,  paler  beneath.  The  radical 
ones  on  long  foot-ftalks.  Flower-ftalks  long,  two-flowered,  with 
4 brafteae,  like  the  ftipulae,  at  their  divifion.  Petals  large,  obo- 
vate,  veiny,  hairy  at  the  bafe.  Stamina  all  perfect.  Seed-cafes 
even,  hairy,  flightly  keeled.  Seeds  finely  dotted. 

All  folid  marks  of  diftindion  between  this  and  G.  fylvaticum 
(t.  1 21)  fail  us,  except  that  the  leaves  of  the  latter  are  much  lefs 
deeply  cut.  The  termination  of  the  petals  is  variable  in  both,  but 
thofe  of  G.  fylvaticum  are  moft  inclined  to  be  notched.  In  ap- 
pearance the  two  plants  differ  confiderably. 

G.  pratenfe  is  found  occafionally  with  white  or  ftriped  petals  j 
but  its  moft  curious  variety  is  that  with  double  flowers,  difco- 
yered  by  Lady  Charlotte  Murray  in  1793  Athol  Houfe, 
Scotland,  and  fent  to  Lady  Banks,  with  whom  it  preferves  its 
original  appearance.  We  do  not  recolledl:  another  inftance  of 
the  kind  in  this  genus. 


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[ 405  ] 

GERANIUM  pyrenalcum. 
Mountain  CranefvilL 

MO'tt  AB  E LFU  1 A Decamlna, 

Gen.  Char.  Style  one.  FetaJs  5,  regular.  Nectary 
5 glands  at  the  bafe  of  the  longer  ftainina.  Fruit 
beaked,  feparating  into  5 feed-cafes,  each  tipped 
with  a long  fiinple  naked  awn. 

Spec.  Char.  Stalks  two-flowcrcd.  Petals  cloven, 
twice  as  long  as  the  calyx.  Leaves  kidney-fhaped, 
palmate,  cut.  Seed-cafes  even,  fliarply  carinated, 
nightly  downy.  Seeds  fmooth. 

Syn.  Geranium  pyrcnaicuni.  Linn.  Mant.  97,  & 257. 
JludJ.  FL  Ain.  302.  IVifh.  Bot.  Arr.  729.  ed.  3. 
601.  Sihth.  Ox.  212.  Curt.  Loud,  fafe,  3.  /.  42. 
Lightf.  Scot.  367. 

The  Englifli  name  of  this  fpecles  feems  to  have  been  given 
from  too  great  a regard  to  its  Latin  one,  which  however  is  very 
faulty,  the  plant  being  by  no  means  peculiar  to  the  Pyrenean 
mountains  or  any  others,  but  found  in  wafte  ground  and  the 
borders  of  fields  in  various  parts  of  Europe,  common  about  Lon- 
don, as  at  Chelfea,  Hammerfmith,  he.  flowering  in  July.  Lin- 
nteus  deferibed  it  from  Gerard,  fuppofing  he  had  never  feen  it, 
and  little  fufpe£ling  that  he  had  it  in  his  herbarium  confounded 
with  tnolle.  From  that  fpecles  it  dlflers  eflentially  in  the  feed- 
cafes  being  even,  not  tranfverfely  wrinkled,  though  their  keel 
has  a projecting  tooth  or  two  on  each  fide.  It  molt  agrees  with 
piiftllmn  (fee  our/.  385)  in  its  feed-cafes,  which  when  young  are 
downy,  as  in  that,  but  much  lefs  fo  when  they  come  to  matu- 
rity. We  have  not  found  them  at  all  hairy  as  mentioned  in  Dr. 
Withering’s  3d  edition.  The  petals  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx, 
and  deeply  cloven,  diftinguifli  it  however  from  puftllum^  not  to 
mention  the  greater  fize  of  all  its  parts,  and  the  perennial  root, 
in  which  refpedls  it  dift’ers  from  both  the  above-mentioned  and 
from  other  neighbouring  kinds.  The  5 exterior  ftamina  are 
fometimes  abortive.  It  varies  with  white  flowers.  The  Hems 
are  ere6l,  rifing  to  the  height  of  2 or  3 feet,  with  fpreading 
branches. 

Mr.  Curtis,  in  his  excellent  Flora^fafc.  2,  t.  50,  has  noticed 
the  wrinkled  feed-coat  of  G.  77iolle ; but  it  is  remarkable  he 
Iliould  not  mention  that  mark  of  difl:in(Tion  when  he  came  to 
deferibe  the  pyretiaiciwiy  and  was  fo  much  puzzled  to  find  a 
permanent  charadler  between  them.  In  facT  his  large-flow- 
ered molle  about  Chelfea-hofpital”  is  the  pyrenaicim* 


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[ 4o6  ] 

C R E P I S fetida. 

Stinkmg  Hawkweed  or  Crepis. 


ST  NGENESIA  Polygamla-aqualis. 

Gen.  Char.  Receptacle  hifpid.  Calyx  furroundccl  with 
deciduous  fcales.  Dovcn  fimplc,  generally  on  a 
footdalk. 

Spec.  Char.  Leaves  runcinato-pinnatifid,  hairy;  their 
footlialks  toothed.  Calyx  downy, 

Syn.  Crepis  feetida.  Linn.  Sp.  PL  1133.  lludf.  FI. 
An.  339.  IVith.  Pot.  Arr.  832.  ed.  3.  689.  PAh. 
Cant.  296. 

Hieracium  Caftorei  odore  iMoiifpcIicnfium.  Rail 
Syn.  165. 


CtATHERED  at  Barton  in  Norfolk  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hem- 
fted.  It  always  grows  on  a chalky  foil,  flowering  in  June  or  July, 
but  is  not  of  frequent  occurrence. 

Root  biennial,  fmall.  Stems  feveral,  branched,  fpreading  (the 
central  one  only  being  erect),  round,  hairy,  leafy.  Radical 
leaves  fpreading  in  the  form  of  a liar,  deeply  pinnatlfid  in  a 
runcinate  manner,  and  toothed,  running  down  into  a bordered 
toothed  footftalk  : thofe  on  the  ftem  felTile  ; and  the  uppermoft 
generally  undivided.  Flowers  terminal,  folitary,  drooping  when 
in  the  bud,  then  ere£t,  rather  fmall,  yellow.  Calyx  clothed 
more  or  lefs  with  foft  hairy  down,  not  glandular.  Receptacle 
(as  Leers  juftly  remarks)  furnlfhed  with  Ihort  hair,  fringing  the 
margins  of  its  little  cavities,  as  Gsertner  alfo,  tab.  158,  has  ob- 
ferved  it  in  C.  alplna  and  biennis^  fo  that  vve  have  ventured  to 
alter  the  generic  chara£ler  from  Receptacle  naked  to  hifpid. — The 
feed-down  is  fimple,  fcarcely  perceptibly  feathered  under  the 
higheft  magnifier,  and  ftands  on  a footftalk. 

Every  part  of  the  herb  fmells  like  bitter  almonds,  but  much 
ftronger,  approaching  to  opium,  or  the  juice  of  wild  lettuce. 


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[ 407  ] 

PIMPINELLA  faxifraga. 
Common  BurneUSaxifrage. 


PE  NTAN  D R I A D’lgyma, 

Gen.  Char.  Involucra  none.  Fruit  ovato-oblong, 
ribbed.  Petals  indexed.  Stigmas  foinewhat  glo- 
bular. 

Spec.  Char.  Leaves  pinnate  : leaflets  of  the  radical 
ones  roundifh ; thofe  of  the  uppennoft  linear. 

Syn.  Pimpinella  faxifraga.  Limi.  Sp.  PL  378.  Hudf, 
FL  A}i.  11^.  JFith.  Pot,  Ari\  313.  3.  31 1. 

lielh.  Cant,  124.  Sihth,  Ox.  102. 

P.  faxifraga  mlnor^  folds  Sanguiforbac.  Eaii  Sjn. 
213,  77.  2 8c  g. 


A NATIVE  of  dry  gravelly  and  calcareous  foils,  flowering 
in  July  and  Auguft. 

Root  perennial,  ftrong  and  woody,  highly  aromatic  and  pun- 
gent, to  fome  perfons  not  unpleafant,  efpecially  when  dry.  Stems 
about  a foot  high,  erecT,  fender,  rigid,  round,  ftriated  and 
roughifli,  varying  much  in  luxuriance,  generally  branched  above. 
Leaves  on  long  footftalks,  pinnated,  veiny,  roughifh  and  rigid ; 
the  leaflets  of  the  firft  radical  ones  roundifh  or  ovate,  acutely 
ferrated  and  generally  deeply  notched,  efpecially  the  terminal 
leaflet;  the  other  leaves  are  compofed  of  decurrent,  linear,  often 
falcated,  fometimes  twice  pinnatifid  leaflets,  thofe  w’hich  grow 
high  on  the  fiem  being  the  narrowefl  and  mofl  fiinple,  and  their 
common  footflalk  more  membranous  and  dilated  than  in  the 
reft.  Umbels  drooping  when  young,  deftitute  of  general  or 
partial  involucra.  Flowers  fmall,  nearly  regular,  white,  with 
long  ftamina.  Top  of  the  germen  very  tumid,  and  reddifti.  Styles 
fliort.  Seeds  fmall. 

From  repeated  obfervations  made  on  this  plant  wild  in  many 
different  places,  we  entirely  agree  with  Dr.  Withering,  that  all 
the  varieties  enumerated  in  his  3d  edition  (except  P.  orientalis  of 
Gouan,  which  we  have  never  feen  in  England)  really  conftitute 
but  one  fpecies.  Our  figure  is  taken  from  a good  intermediate 
wild  fpecimen.  The  charadlers  of  almoft  all  the  varieties  may 
be  found  in  it.  The  botanift  will  in  vain  attempt  to  meet  with 
the  exclufive  characters  of  any  one  of  them  in  many  different 
individuals.  Such  a kind  of  variety  is  like  the  ghoft  in  Hamlet, 
or  Mrs.  Radcliffe’s  myfterlous  monk  of  Paluzzi ; we  can  no 
fooner  fay  ‘‘  ftls  here,”  than  the  next  moment  “ ’tis  gone.’^ 


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[ 4o8  ] 

PIMPINELLA  magna. 

Great  Biirnet-Saxifrage. 

VENrAN  D RI A Dlgyma, 

Gen.  Char.  Involucra  none.  Fruit  ovato-oblong, 
ribbed.  Petals  indexed.  Stigmas  fomcwhat  glo- 
bular. 

Spec.  Chap...  Leaves  pinnate:  leaflets  ovate,  the  ter- 
minal one  three-lobed. 

Syn.  Pimpinella  magna.  Linn.  Mant.  219.  Jf^ith. 
Bot,  Arr,  314.  ed.  3.  313.  Relh.  Cant.  125.  Sibth, 
Ox.  102. 

P.  major.  Hudf.  FI.  An.  ii']. 

P.  faxifraga.  Rail  Syn.  213. 


TT HIS  fpecles  is  lefs  common  than  the  preceding,  and  grows 
chiefly  in  woods  and  hedges  in  a calcareous  foil,  flowering  in 
Auguft  or  later.  We  received  it  from  Mr.  Robfon.  Dr.  Smith 
obferved  it  under  the  walls  of  York. 

Root  perennial,  woody,  like  that  of  P.  faxifraga  in  flavour, 
but  rather  weaker.  Stem  2 feet  or  more  in  height,  round, 
ilriated.  Leaves  on  rather  fnorter  footftalks  than  in  the  laft  de- 
fcribed,  pinnated,  but  of  fewer  leaflets  (fcarcely  more  than  3 
pair),  and  thofe  larger,  ovate,  or  ovato-lanceolate,  the  termi- 
nal one  more  or  lefs  deeply  three-cleft,  and  all  ftrongly  ferra- 
ted.  Sometimes,  as  it  is  reported,  the  upper  leaves  are  deeply 
pinnatifid,  but  that  is  not  generally  the  cafe.  Flowers  com- 
monly white,  about  the  fize  of  the  laft,  and  like  them  in  ftruc- 
ture;  but  in  alpine  fituations  they  often  become  rofe-coloured. 

Linnaeus  originally  confounded  this  with  the  laft,  but  was  af- 
terwards convinced  of  his  miftake  \ it  being  very  different  in 
habit  and  fize,  and  effentially  diftinguiftied  by  the  form,  as  well 
as  greater  fmoothiiefs,  of  the  leaves,  Hudfon  always  made  them 
diftind. 


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[ 409  ] 

H O R D E U M pratenfe. 
Meadow  Barley, 


rRlANDRIA  D'lgynla. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  lateral,  of  2 valves,  containing  a 
fingle  flower,  and  growing  3 together. 

Spec.  Char.  Lateral  flowers  abortive,  ariftated.  Calyx- 
valves  briftle-fhaped,  rough. 

Syn.  Hordeum  pratenfe.  Hiidf.  FI.  A?!.^  56.  IVAh. 
Bot.  Arr.  126.  Relh.  Cant.  54.  Sihth.  Ox.  51. 
Mart.  FI.  Rujl.  t.  108. 

H.  nodofiim.  Linn.  Sp.  FI.  126. 

H.  murinum  (3.  ibid. 

Gramen  fecalinum.  Ger.  cm.  29.*  Ran  Syn.  392. 


v\  VERY  common  grafs  in  meadows  and  paftures  that  are  a 
little  moift,  as  in  the  north  part  of  Hyde  Park,  flowering  in  June. 

Root  perennial,  fibrous,  but  often  becoming  knotty  in  a fitu- 
ation  whofe  degree  of  moifture  is  fluauatmg,  as  happens  alfo  to 
Phleum  pratenfe.  Straw  i8  inches  or  2 feet  high,  erecY,  (lender, 
fmooth,  bearing  3 or  4 leaves,  but  none  near  the  top.  Leaves 
narrow,  pointed,  roughifli,  often  hairy  on  the  upper  fide,  having 
a long  (heathing  ftriated  bafe,  brown  and  contrafted  at  its  fum- 
mit,  and  fometimes  crowned  with  a minute  (lipula.  Spike  ter- 
minal, erea,  thick-fet  with  2 ranks  of  the  ternate  flowers.  In 
every  clufter  of  thefe  the  middle  flower  is  feflile,  and  has  the 
parts  of  fruaificationperfea  ; the  two  lateral  ones  are  elevated 
on  footftalks,  and  have  none,  or  only  barren,  organs  of  fiuaih- 
cation  -,  but  the  glumes  of  the  corolla,  as  well  as  the  calyx,  are 
bearded  in  all.  The  inner  valve  of  the  central  flower  is  much 

fliorter  than  the  Other.  , n-n 

This  grafs  has  feme  refemblance  to  the  Hill  more  common 
H.  but  is  much  more  tall  and  (lender,  and  diffcis  alfo 

in  the  (Irufture  of  its  flowers.  V mllant,  tab.  l^.J■o.  is  cer- 
tainly OUT  pratenfe,  as  quoted  by  Dr.  Withering,  and  we  have 
afeertained  ours  to  be  the  nodofum  of  Linnsus  by  his  herbarium, 
though  he  has  mifquoted  Ray,  and  defcribed  the  lateral  flowers 
as  wanting  arip;  but  that  he  has  correded  in  his  manu- 
fevipts. 


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. [ 410  ] 

MARRUBIUM  vulgare. 

White  Horehound. 


D 1 D r N A M I A Gynmofpenma. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  falver-fhaped,  rigid,  with  lo  fur- 
rows. Upper  lip  of  the  corolla  cloven,  linear, 
flraight. 

Spec.  Char.  Teeth  of  the  calyx  ten,  briftle-fhaped, 
hooked. 

Syn.  Marrubium  vulgare.  Lm7i,  Sp.  FI  Hudf, 

FI  An,  2,61.  With,  Bot,  Arr.  617.  ed.  3.  533- 
Relh,  Cant,  232.  ^ihth.  Ox.  187.  ICoodv.  Med, 
Bot.  t,  97. 

M.  album.  Rail  Syn,  239. 


REQUENT  on  wafte  ground  among  rubbifh,  particularly 
in  very  dry  fituations,  where  it  flowers  copioufly  during  the 
latter  part  of  fummer,  even  though  frequently  covered  with  the 
duft  of  high-roads,  and  expofed  to  the  mofl:  burning  fun.  From 
the  latl  it  is  protedled,  like  a great  many  Cretan  and  African 
plants,  by  a thick  fine  coat  of  woolly  hoarinefs,  enveloping  all 
the  green  parts  of  the  herb.  This  kind  of  clothing  feems  in- 
tended by  Nature  rather  as  a prote£l:ion  from  heat  than  cold  ; 
and  yet  it  is  difficult  to  account  for  its  being  found  moll  abun- 
dantly on  the  under  fides  of  fome  leaves,  while  the  upper^  ex- 
pofed to  the  fun,  are  naked. 

The  root  is  perennial,  and  woody.  Stems  feveral,  branching 
from  the  bottom,  and  all  together  forming  a round  buffi  ; in  the 
upper  part  they  are  fimple,  fquare,  bearing  feveral  pairs  of 
roundiffi  or  ovate,  wrinkled,  unequally  ferrated  leaves,  on  ffiort- 
iffi  footllalks.  The  flowers  grow  in  thick  axillary  whorls.  Calyx 
with  ten  furrows,  and  as  many  briftly  ftrong  hooked  teeth, 
which  attach  themfelves  to  the  coats  of  animals.  Corolla  white, 
the  lower  lip  in  three  fegments,  the  fide  ones  fmall  and  ffiarp, 
the  middle  one  large,  inverfely  heart-ffiaped,  and  flightly  notched. 

This  plant  is  aromatic  and  very  bitter.  The  latter  flavour 
only  remains  in  the  extra6l,  which  was  formerly  a fcholaftic 
medicine,  and  is  now  a popular  one,  for  coughs  and  afthmas. 
Mod  quack  medicines  are  what  orthodox  pradlitioners  have  laid 
afide,  fometimes  with  reafon,  fometimes  from  accident. 


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■■'‘•''.;.':iii-j  oi  .''-r-  ■;■  j 


[ 4“  ] 

THYMUS  Aclnos. 
Bafil  Thyme. 


DID  Y N A M I A Gymnofpermia. 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  two-lipped,  its  orifice  clofcd  with 
hairs. 

Spec.  Char.  Flowers  on  fimple  flower-ftalks,  about 
fix  in  a whorl.  Stem  afcending,  branehed.  Leaves 
acute,  ferrated.  Calyx  gibbous  at  the  bafe. 

Syn.  Thymus  Acinos.  Linn.  Sp.  FI.  826.  Hudf.  FL 
An.  263.  JVith.  Bot.  ylrr.  624.  ed.  3.  -u.  3.  537- 
Relh.  Cant.  235.  Sihth.  Ox.  189.  Curt.  Bond.  fafc.  i. 
t.  43.  Dickf.  II.  Sicc.fafc.  ii.  8. 

Acinos  multis.  Puiii  Sjn.  238. 


F OUND  in  dry  hilly  fields,  more  efpecially  on  a chalky  foil, 
common  about  Dartford  and  other  parts  of  Kent,  and  not  rare 
in  Norfolk,  flowering  in  July  and  Auguft. 

Root  annual,  compofed  of  a tuft  of  fmall  fibres,  otcms 
branched,  fpreading  in  every  diredlion,  but  the  upper  parts  are 
erea.  Leaves  on  fliort  footftalks,  ovate,  varying  to  roundiih  or 
oblong,  acute,  more  or  lefs  deeply  and  copioufly  ferrated,  veiny, 
hairy,  as  indeed  is  the  whole  herb.  Ray  juftly  obferves  that  the 
leaves  are  fometimes  quite  entire  *,  very  frequently  they  have 
only  a fingle  notch  on  each  fide.  The  upper  ones  taper  very 
much  at  the  bafe.  Flowers  about  6 in  a whorl,  each  on  a toot- 
ftalk  various  in  length.  Calyx  fwelling  at  the  bafe  on  the  lower 
fide,  deeply  furrowed,  the  prominent  ribs  fringed  with  briltly 
hairs;  upper  lip  ereft,  in  3 broadifii  nearly  equal  fegments; 
lower  lip  projeaing,  in  2 narrow  (harp  ones.  ^ 1 he  orihce  is 
fringed  internally  with  white  hairs,  which  pointing  inwards 
completely  clofe  it  when  the  corolla  is  fallen,  but  tliefe  hairs  are 
equally  evident  in  Adelijfa,  Tube  of  the  corolla  dilated  upwar  s; 
upper  lip  notched  ; the  lower  in  three  blunt  fegments,  the  mid- 
die  one  obcordate,  marked  at  the  bafe  with  white,  and  a ipot  or 
two  of  darker  purple  than  the  reft  of  the  flower. 

This  plant  is  aromatic,  though  fometimes  very  flightly  lo.  ^ 

The  fwelling  at  the  bafe  of  the  calyx,  obferved  by  Mr.  Curtis, 
is  to  be  found  alfo  in  T.  alpinus^  though  not  fo  confiderable. 


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[ 412  ] 

CARDUUS  tenuiflorus. 
Slender-fowered  or  JVelted  ^hijlle. 


S TNGENESIyi  Polygamia-aqualis . 

Gen.  Char.  Cal.  ovate,  imbricated  with  fpinous  fcalcs. 


Receptacle  hairy. 


Spec.  Char.  Leaves  clecurrent,  plrinatifid,  fpinous. 
Branches  ftraight,  winged.  Flowers  in  terminal 
cliifters,  fefiile,  nearly  cylindrical.  Scales  nearly 
eredl,  tipped  with  long  fpincs. 

Syn.  Cardans  tenuiflorus.  Curt.  Lond.  fafe.  6.  t. 
Sihth.  Ox.  244.  Hath.  Bot.  Arr.  ed.  3.  698. 

C.  acanthoides.  Tludf.  FI.  An.  351.  Light/.  Scot. 

431.  IV'ith.  Bot.  Arr.  ed.  2.  871. 

C.  fpinofiflimus  capitulis  minoribus.  Rail  Syn.  194. 


much  controverfy  among  our  Britlfh  botanifts  con- 


cerning this  thiflle,  the  herbarium  of  Linnseus  has  decided  it  to 
be  none  of  thofe  mentioned  in  his  works,  though  his  pycmcepha- 
Ins  and  aujlratis  come  fo  very  near  it,  that  for  fome  time  we  have 
been  inclined  to  confider  all  three  as  varieties  of  each  other. 
The  two  laft  however  have  fewer  fcales  in  their  calyx,  the  flalk 
lefs  winged,  and  their  flowers  (whether  feffile  or  pedunculated) 
are  much  fewer  together,  with  lefs  numerous  florets  alfo  than  in 
the  tenui/orus.  It  is  neceflary  here  to  remark  that  the  fynonyms 
oi  pycnocephalus  in  Sp.  PL  are  both  falfe,  Jacquin’s  Hort.  t.  44. 
being  the  plant  Llnnxus  Intended  and  deferibed ; the  remark 
in  ^yjl.  Veg.  flofculis  fapius  3 f.  4,”  is  an  abfurd  blunder  of  the 
editor,  for  the  original  ms.  has  '"^fere  10,”  which  is  true. 

We  adopt  Mr.  Curtis’s  name,  which  is  more  apt  than  any 
by  which  this  plant  has  hitherto  been  called.  We  cannot  pay 
the  fame  compliment  to  his  Q.  polyacanthoSy  which  is  the  real 
acanthoides  of  Linnseus. 

The  flender-flowered  thiflle,  though  not  a general  plant,  is 
frequent  on  banks  and  among  rubbifh  near  London,  as  about 
Marybone,  &c.  The  root  is  annual.  Stem  ere£l,  3 feet  high, 
branched,  winged  with  broad,  fmuated,  ftrongly  fpinous  portions 
of  the  dccurrent  leaves,  which  are  in  like  manner  fmuated  and 
fpinous,  the  radical  ones  being  on  fhort  footftalks,  fomewhat 
lyrate,  and  all  a little  cottony.  Flowers  terminal,  cluflered,  fef- 
file, ereft,  pale  rofe-coloured.  Calyx  nearly  cylindrical ; fcales 
with  a membranous  margin,  and  flrong  yellow  terminal  fpine, 
not  woolly,  pale  in  their  lower  part,  green  at  the  tip.  Florets 
■from  10  to  15  or  more.  The  calyx  is  permanent,  according  to 
Dr.  Goodenough’s  obfervation,  and  not  deciduous  when  the 
feeds  ripen,  as  in  C.  pycnocephalus. 


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'••■-  -•  - -;  •''--■-'•■v.  .•*«;■■' •'•■'/”*i'>'-v{!30<.'  ;i'.'m>l.j!;ia>:"'’ i 


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[ 413  ] 

B R Y U M pyriforme. 
Pear-Jhaped  Bryum. 


CRTPTOGAMIA  Mufc'u 

Gen.  Char.  Capfule  with  a lid.  Veil  fmooth.  Flov:er~ 
Jialk  from  a terminal  tubercle. 

Spec.  Char.  Stem  none.  Capfnles  obovate,  eredf, 
without  cilise.  Veil  awl-Oiaped.  Leaves  ovate, 
fpreading,  acute,  beardlefs. 

Syn.  Bryum  pyriforme.  Linn.  Sp.  PL  1580.  Hudf. 
FL  An.  475.  With.  Bot.  Arr.  v.  3.  104.  ed.  2. 

3.  812.  Relh.  Cant.  Suppl.  i.  18.  Dickf.  H. 
Sicc.  fajc.  4.  22. 

Biyum  parvum  eredlis  piriformibus  majufculis  capi- 
tulis,  foliis  Serpilli  pellucidis.  Rati  Syn,  93. 

B.  ferpillifolium  pellucidum,  capfulis  pyriformibus. 

Bill.  Mufc.  344.  t.  44./.  6. 

Gymnofiomum  pyriforme.  Sibih.  Ox.  274. 


r^REQUENT  on  heaths,  ditch-banks,  &c.  in  moifl-  fhady 
places,  bringing  its  capfules  to  maturity  in  the  fpring  for  the 
moft  part,  though,  as  i3illenius  remarks,  they  may  be  met  with 
occafionally  all  the  year  long. 

Root  annual.  Stem  none,  except  that  when  the  plants  are 
produced  early  in  the  year,  and  grow  luxuriant,  they  throw  out 
lateral  fhoots  of  leaves  a little  elevated  on  fliort  branches,  and 
thefe  flower  later  than  the  parent  plant.  Leaves  feveral,  fpread- 
ing like  a ftar,  ovate,  entire,  acute,  but  without  any  terminal 
hair  or  bridle;  their  colour  is  a pale  pellucid  green.  Stalk 
central,  very  Ihort,  bearing  a large  eredf  capfule,  oval  when 
young,  and  capped  with  a whitilh  awl-lhaped  veil,  which  Dil- 
lenius  defcribes  as  being  angular  like  that  of  B.  hygrometricum^ 
t.  342,  but  we  have  found  it  cylindrical.  In  ripening  the  cap- 
fule becomes  pear-fhaped,  or  thicker  towards  the  top,  and  the 
veil  fplits  and  falls  off.  The  cover  is  conical,  d'he  orifice 
deditute  of  teeth  or  which  charadler  makes  the  genus  Gym^ 
nojlomum  (naked-mouth)  of  Hedwig,  and  it  is  perhaps  one  of  his 
bed  defined  ones ; but  for  reafons  already  given,  p.  1 80,  we  defer 
adopting  any  of  them  till  experience  has  fixed  them. 


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[ 4H  ] 

LICHEN  fphcsrocephalus. 
Black  Pin-headed  Lichen. 


C RT  pro  GJ  M I A Alga, 

Gen.  Char*  Male,  fcattered  warts. 

Female,  fmooth  fhields  or  tubercles,  in  which  the 
feeds  are  imbedded. 

Spec.  Char.  Cruft  leprous,  yellowifti.  Tubercles  on 
black  footftalks,  globofe,  dark  grey,  difeharging 
black  powder  intermixed  with  fibres. 

Syn  Lichen  fphaerocephalus.  JVeh.  Gott.  198. 

Mucor  lichenoides.  Linn.  Sp.  PL  1655.  Relh.  Caiit, 
With.  Bat.  Arr.  v.  3.  483. 

Trichia  lichenoides.  Sibth.  Ox,  406.  With,  Bot,  Arr, 
ed.  3.  -u.  4.  399. 

Clathrus  cinereus.  Hudf.  FI.  An,  631. 

Coralloides  fungiforme  arboreum  nigrum,  vix  crufto- 
fum.  Dill,  %lufc.  78.  t.  14./.  3. 


Jn  the  clefts  of  the  bark  of  old  oaks  this  little  plant  may  be 
found  atalmoft  all  feafons,  but  is  moft  confpicuous  after  rain. 

C.  ruft  leprous,  very  thin  and  much  difperfed,  of  a yellowifli 
or  greenifli  colour,  and  probably  overlooked  as  ByJJlts  candelaris 
by  moft  waiters,  who  have  deferibed  as  a fungus  what  are  the 
genuine  tubercles  of  this  Liche?i^  and  which  rife  from  the  cruft 
on  {lender  black  eredl  ftalks,  feldom  one  line  in  height,  them- 
felves  being  fmaller  than  wild-poppy  feed,  globular,  grey  or 
blackifh,  generally  folitary,  but  we  have  found  2,  and  Haller  3, 
on  one  ftalk.  In  due  time  thefe  tubercles  burft  at  the  fummit, 
and  throw  out  black  powdery  feeds  mixed  with  fibres,  in  which 
lefpecft  this  fpecies  agrees  with  Lichen  fragilis  and  globiferus  al- 
ready figured  in  the  2d  volume  of  the  prefent  work. 

Lichen  fpharocephalus  was  fir  ft  fo  named  by  Weber,  who  con- 
fiders  it  as  Mucor  fph^rocephalus  as  well  as  M.  lichenoides  of  Lin- 
naeus. Dillenius  knew  it  well,  and  has  juftly  arranged  it  near 
our  Lichen  hyjjoides^  t.  373,  to  which  it  is  in  many  refpedfs  allied. 
In  writing  our  account  of  the  latter  we  were  not  aware  of  the 
Lichen  now  before  us  being  placed  by  Mr.  Hudfon  in  his  very 
incorredl  genus  of  Clathrus. 

The  reader  is  requefted  to  correff  an  error  in  p.  373,  h 19  » 
the  quotation  of  Dillenius  ought  to  be  i,  14./'*  4- 


A ’ ; A A.  . A 

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[ 415  ] 

SALICORNIA  annua. 

Annual  Samphire  or  Jointed  Glafswort. 


MON  A N D RI A Monogyma, 

Gen.  Char.  Calyx  inflated,  undivided.  Petals  none. 

Stamina  i or  2.  Seed  one,  enclofed  in  the  calyx. 
Spec.  Char.  Joints  compretTed,  notched  ; intcrfflces 
obconical.  Branches  oppoflte.  Spikes  cylindrical. 
Syn.  Salicornia  annua.  Smith  FL  Brit,  in  ed.  i.  Baft, 
Opiifc.  -y.  2.  105.  /.  10. 

S.  europaea  a.  Hudf,  FI,  An.  i. 

S.  herbacea.  Linn,  Sp,  PL  5*  LFith.  Bot.  Arr.  3.  ed.  3. 

V.  2.  4.  Relh,  Cant.  Suppl.  2.  i. 

Salicornia.  Rail  Syn,  10^6, 


On  fea  fhores  in  places  overflowed  by  the  tide,  more  efpe- 
cially  on  a muddy  foil,  plentiful,  flowering  in  A ugufl  or 
later  j the  ground  it  covers  often  appears  at  a diftance  clothed 
with  a moft  beautiful  turf  interfeaed  by  rivulets,  but  on  a near 
approach  it  proves  a dreary  inaccefTible  falt-marfh,  where  fcarce- 
ly  any  thing  but  this  plant  will  thrive.  ^ 

Root  fmall,  annual.  Stem  erea,  fometimes  curved  and  in- 
dining  in  the  lower  part,  from  whence  alfo,  if  luxuriant,  it 
generally  throws  out  two  large  compound  branches  ; the  others 
are  moftly  Ample,  oppoflte,  each  pair  crofling  the  next,  and  all 
pointing  upwards.  The  bark  is  of  a very  fucculent  fubftance  ; 
the  woody  part  ftrong  and  tough,  though  flender.  The  whole 
herb  is  of  a jointed  appearance  externally,  fmooth,  deftitute  of 
leaves.  Joints  more  or  lefs  comprefled,  notched  or  hollowed 
out  on  each  fide,  and  their  interftices  thickened  upward.  Spikes 
terminating  the  ftem  and  branches,  and  like  them  in  figure, 
butcompofed  of  much  {hotter  joints,  juft  above  the  pointed 
part  of  each  of  which  on  either  fide  ftand  about  three  feifile 
cluftered  flowers.  Calyx  fwelling,  with  an  abrupt  entire  bor- 
der. Stamen  we  have  always  found  folitary,  with  an  incum- 
bent anthera.  Germen  ovate,  with  a three-cleft  feffile  ftigma. 
Seed  folitary,  imbedded  in  the  pulpy  calyx. 

What  we  have  defcribed  is  only  the  firft  variety  of  Hudfon  *, 
the  others  we  hope  to  illuftrate  on  fome  future  occaflon,  believ- 
ing them  fpecifically  diftin^t  from  this.  ^ 

This  herb  is  much  eaten  as  a pickle,  but  has  little  flavour  01 
its  own  j in  which  refpedl  it  differs  from  the  highly  aromatic 
true  Samphire,  Crithmim  maritimum. 


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[ 416  ] 

STACHYS  fylvatica. 

Hedge  Woundwort* 


DID  T N A M I A Gymnofpermla* 

Gen.  Char.  Upper-lip  of  the  corolla  vaulted  ; low- 
er-Iip  reflexed  at  the  tides,  the  large  middle  feg- 
ment  notched.  Stamina  after  fhedding  their  pollen 
divaricated. 

Spec.  Char.  Six  flowers  in  a whorl.  Leaves  heart- 
fhaped,  on  footftalks. 

Syn.  Stachys  fylvatica.  Linn,  Sp,  PI.  8ii.  Hudf. 
FI,  An.  259.  With,  Bot.  Arr.  612.  ed,  0^,  •y.  3. 
531.  Relh.  Cant.  229.  Sihth,  Ox.  186.  Curt, 
Lond,fafc.  3.  /.  34. 

Galeopfis  legitima  Diofcoridis.  Ran  Syn.  237. 


P' REQUENT  under  hedges  and  in  other  fhady  places,  flower- 
ing in  July  and  Auguft.  't  he  name  of  fylvatica,  which  feems 
to  have  originated  with  Rivinus,  is  not  well  applied  to  this 
fpecies  ; nemorofa  would  more  accurately  exprefs  its  general 
fituation. 

Root  perennial,  creeping,  but  not  very  extenfively.  Stems 
2 feet  high,  ered,  but  little  branched,  fquare,  hairy,  leafy. 
Leaves  on  footftalks,  heart-fhaped,  acute,  ftrongly  ferrated, 
rough,  thin  and  pliable  when  handled,  of  a deep  dull  green ; 
the  upper  ones  on  fhorter  footftalks,  and  gradually  diminifhing 
to  lanceolate  entire  bra^fe^.  Spike  ere6t,  terminal,  confifting 
of  many  clofe  whorls  of  6 flowers  each.  Calyx  brownifh,  with 
5 large  fharp  teeth.  Flowers  of  a deep  dull  blood-colour,  pret- 
tily marbled  about  the  orifice  with  a darker  hue  intermixed 
with  white.  Their  tube  is  cylindrical,  with  a fmall  pouch  on 
the  under  fide  near  the  bafe,  fimilar  to  what  may  be  obferved 
in  fome  fpecies  of  Origanum. 

This  herb  has  a pungent  foetid  fmell  v/hen  rubbed,  approach- 
ing to  that  of  Black  Horehound.  It  is  one  of  thofe  that  power- 
fully aflfefl:  the  nerves,  and  may  therefore  prove  no  contemptible 
ftimulant  if  judicioufly  ufed.  Haller  refers  it  to  his  genus  of 
Cardiaca,  the  limits  of  which  are  not  well  defined. 


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[ 417  ] 

C H I R O N I A Centauriurn. 

Common  Centaury. 


PENTANDRIA  Monogynla. 

Gen.  Char.  Corolla  falver-fhaped.  Stamina  inferted 
into  the  tube.  Anther becoming  fpiral.  Style 
declining.  Seed-vejfel  of  two  inflexed  valves. 
Spec.  Char.  Stem  herbaceous,  dichotomoufly  pa- 
nicled.  Leaves  ovato-lanceolate.  Calyx  fhorter 
than  the  tube. 

Syn.  Chironia  Centauriurn.  Curt.  Lond.fafc.  4.  t.  22. 
With.  Bot.  Arr.  ed.  3.  ‘u.  a.  255.  Sibth.  Ox.  75. 
Woodv.  Med.  Bot.  t.  157. 

Gentiana  Centauriurn.  Linn.  Sp.  Pi- 

An.  102.  Relh.  Cant.  100,  Dickf.  H.  Stcc.  fafc. 

7.  3. 

Centauriurn  minus.  Raii  Syn.  286. 


A frequent  inhabitant  of  dry  gravelly  or  chalky  paf- 
tures,  fcarcely  to  be  cultivated  in  a manured  foil,  flowering  in 
the  latter  part  of  fummer  j its  bloflbms  clofe  as  foon  as  ga- 
thered, and  againfl  rain.  _ ^ u .. 

Root  fmali,  branching,  annual.  Stem  folitary,  erect,  about 
a foot  high,  with  4 fharp  edges,  leafy,  terminating  in  feveral  op- 
pofite,  forked,  flowering-branches,  which  altogether  torm  an 
upright  panicle.  Leaves  oppofite,  feflile,  entire,  3-neryed,^  the 
radical  ones  fomewhat  fpatulate,  the  reft  lanceolate  or  elliptical. 
Each  flower  is  feflile,  erea,  with  a greenifti  tube,  and  beau- 
tiful pink-coloured  poliflied  limb.  Segments  of  the  calyx  nar- 
row and  fliarp,  about  half  as  long  as  the  tube,  to  which  they 
adhere.  Antherse  incumbent,  twiftmg  into  a fpiral  torm  as 
thev  ripen,  which  is  eflTential  to  a true  Chironia,  though  not  ob- 
fervable  in  all  that  Linnxus  has  called  fo  ; fee  leones  piEl£  plant, 
rar.  tab.  18.  The  ftyle  is  declining  ; ftigma  capitate,  with  a 
tranfverfe  notch.  The  whole  herb  is  fmooth,  very  bitter,  well 
known  among  ruftic  praaitioners  as  a ftomachic  by  me  name 

of  Leffer  Centaury.  , 

Mr.  Curtis  firft  referred  this  plant  to  its  right  genus,  but 
neglefted  to  give  it  a fpecific  charaaer,  the  definition  tor 
which  Dr.  Sibthorp  quotes  him  having  been  given  by  Linnsus, 
and  intended  to  diainguifli  it  from  other  fpecies  oi 
not  of  Chironia.  Botanifts  are  often  ftrangely  incorrea  about 
eflential  charaaers.  They  indeed  require  genius  and  accuracy, 

but  they  are  the  perfeaion  of  the  art. y-Dr.  Stokes  has 

made  feveral  excellent  remarks  on  this  plant  m the  2d  edition 
of  Withering. 


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[ 4i8  ] 

POTAMOGETON  compreffiiiii. 

'Flat-Jialked  Pond^wesd 


TETRANLRIA  retragynla. 

Gen.  Char.  Cal,  none.  Petals  4.  Style  none. 
Seeds  4. 

Spec.  Char,  Leaves  linear,  obtufe.  Stem  com- 
prefTed. 

Syn.  Potamogeton  comprefTum.  Linn,  Sp,  PL  183. 
Hudf,  FI,  j4n.  75.  JVith,  Pot,  Arr,  ed,  3.  v.  2. 
213.  Relh,  Cant,  72. 

P.  caule  comprefTo,  folio  Graminis  canini.  Rati 
Syn,  149. 

I N the  difficult  genus  of  Potamogeton  we  find  it  neceflary  to 
proceed  with  the  utmoft  caution,  publiffiing  a fpecies  now  and 
then  as  (we  prefume  at  lead)  we  clearly  underftand  it.  That 
this  is  the  true  ox\gm?i\  comprejfum  of  Linnaeus,  as  well  as  of  all 
Britiffi  writers,  we  learn  from  the  Cliffortian  Herbarium  in  Sir 
Jofeph  Banks’s  poffieflion,  that  being  in  the  prefent  cafe  the 
original  authority,  Linnaeus  having  afterwards  confounded  with 
this  a very  different  plant,  which  by  no  means  anfwers  to  the 
character. 

Potamogeton  comprejfum  is  not  very  uncommon  in  ditches  and 
flow  dreams  about  London,  and  other  parts  of  Great  Britain, 
flowering  in  June  and  July,  when  its  fmall  fpikes  of  about  4 or 
more  brownidi-green  flowers  jud  emerge  from  the  water.  It 
has  mod  affinity  with  V.  pufdlum^  fee  our  Vol.  3,  t.  215,  but  is 
twice  as  large  in  all  its  parts,  and  effentially  didinguidied  by  its 
compreffed  dem  ; neither  do  the  leaves  fpread  fo  immediately 
from  the  bafe  as  in  that  fpecies.  The  root  is  perennial.  Stem 
zigzag,  alternately  branched,  very  much  compreffed  all  the  way 
up.  Leaves  generally  alternate,  but  the  uppermod  often  op- 
pofite,  all  exadly  linear,  obtufe,  with  a drong  central  nerve, 
and  2 fine  lateral  ones  on  each  fide.  Stipulse  intrafoliaceous, 
one  to  each  leaf,  embracing  the  dem;  the  lower  ones  generally 
acute  and  lacerated,  the  upper  ones  more  obtufe  and  entire. 
Flower~dalk  fliort,  folitary,  terminal  till  the  dem  grows 
above  it. 


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[ 4>9  ] 

U L V A atomaria. 
Concentric-^dotted  Laver. 


CRTPrOGAMIA  Alga, 

Gen.  Char.  Frond  membranous  or  gelatinous. 
Seeds  folitary,  fcattered  throughout  its  fubflance, 
under  the  cuticle. 

Spec.  Char.  Frond  membranous,  flat,  dilated,  pal- 
mate ; its  fegments  linear,  flightly  branched,  and 
fometimes  fringed. 

Syn.  Ulva  atomaria.  Woodward  in  Tr,  of  Linn, 
^oc,  V,  3.  53. 


Mr  . Woodward  has  firft  publiflied  a defcription  of  this 
elegant  fea-weed  in  the  Tranfadtions  of  the  Linnsean  So- 
ciety, but  without  a figure  ; and  it  is  by  his  kind  permiflion  we 
are  enabled  to  give  a reprefcntation  of  it  and  the  following, 
from  his  own  fpecimens. 

Mr.  Lily  Wigg,  a moft  ingenious  and  accurate  obferver  of 
nature,  difcovered  this  new  fpecies  on  the  Yarmouth  coaft, 
wafhed  up  by  the  tide  5 nor  do  we  know  of  its  having  been 
found  any  where  elfe. 

It  feems  to  have  been  attached  to  the  ground  or  rocks  by  a 
fmall  dilated  downy  bafe,  immediately  above  which  the  frond 
dilates  into  a wedge  or  fan  lliape,  various  in  breadth,  divided 
in  a palmate  manner  (not  down  to  the  bafe)  into  various  une- 
qual linear,  frequently  branched,  fegments,  terminating  blunt- 
ly ; fometimes  entire  and  naked  at  the  margin,  fometimes 
fringed  with  minute  teeth  pointing  upwards.  The  whole  fub- 
ftance  is  thin  and  membranaceous,  of  an  olive  brown.  The 
feeds  are  of  a darker  colour,  very  minute,  and  difpofed  fome- 
what  irregularly  in  numerous  tranfverfe  concentric  lines  or 
ftripes,  which  give  the  plant  a beautiful  appearance. 


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[ 420  ] 

U L V A Hgulata. 

Laciniated  Red  Laver. 


CRT  P TO  G A MIA  Alga. 

Gen.  Char.  Frond  membranous  or  gelatinous.  Seeds 
folitary,  fcattered  throughout  its  fubflance^  under 
the  cuticle. 

Spec.  Char.  Frond  membranous,  flat,  branched  : 
branches  dilated,  fomewhat  forked,  with  obtufe 
angles  ; terminated  and  fringed  with  flrap-fhaped 
fegments. 

Syn.  Ulva  ligulata.  Woodward  in  Tr.  of  Linn,  Soc. 
V.  3.  54. 


F'oUND  by  Mr.  Wigg  on  Yarmouth  beach,  call  up  with 
the  Ulva  atomaria  ; but  Mr.  Woodward  has  fince  difcovered  it 
in  a growing  ftate  on  the  rocks  at  Cromer. 

The  root  is  a fmall  tubercle.  Fronds  cluftered,  each  of 
them  5 or  6 inches  high,  dilated  from  a very  flender  bafe  into 
a wedge*{haped  figure,  deeply  cut  into  feveral  unequal  fub- 
divided  fegments  ; the  finufes  or  axilla  of  all  the  fegments  are 
obtufe,  or  rounded  more  or  lefs.  The  ultimate  divifions  are 
linear,  and  fomewhat  acute,  and  the  lower  part  of  the  frond 
principally  is  fometimes  fringed  with  procefles  or  leaves  of  a 
fimilar  figure,  various  in  fize.  The  fubftance  of  the  whole  is 
membranous,  varying  in  thicknefs,  femipellucid,  of  a brightilh 
red  ; the  margin  entire  and  fmooth.  Seeds  very  minute,  fcat- 
tered feparately  throughout  the  fubftance  of  the  frond. 

Mr.  Woodward  fufpe6ts  this  Ulva  may  have  been  con- 
founded with  fome  varieties  of  Fucus  ciliatusyzn^i  we  may  add, 
of  Fucus  palmatusy  but  its  difperfed  feeds  make  it  an  Ulva* 


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[ 4^*  ] 

OROBANCHE  major. 
Greater  Broom-rape. 


DID  T N A M I A Angwfpermia, 

Gen.  Char.  Cal,  in  2,  lobed,  lateral  fegmcnts.  Cor. 
ringcnt.  Capf,  of  i cell,  with  2 valves,  and  many 
feeds.  A gland  at  the  hafe  of  the  germen  beneath. 
Spec.  Char.  Stem  fimple.  Corolla  inflated  ; its  upper 
lip  undivided  ; lower  in  three  equal  fcgments. 
Stamina  fmooth.  Style  downy. 

Syn.  Orobanche  major.  Linn.  Sp.  FI.  882.  Iludf.  FI.  An. 
265.  With.  Bat.  Arr.  ed.  3.  557.  Relh.  Cant.  237. 
Sihth.  Ox.  1 9 1.  Curt.  Lond.fajc.  4.  t.  44. 

O.  major  Garyophyllum  olens.  Raii  Syn.  288*. 


F^OUND  not  unfrequently  on  fhrubby  hills  over-run  with 
broom  and  furze,  on  the  roots  of  which  it  grows  parafitically, 
flowering  in  June  or  July. 

The  Item  is  fimple,  erecff,  ftraight,  angular,  downy,  very 
juicy,  clothed  with  fcattered,  upright,  lanceolate,  leafy  fcales ; 
its  bafe  fwelling  into  a bulbous  form,  which  is  ftill  more 
fcaly,  and  throws  out  feveral  radicles,  by  which  the  plant  is 
attached  to,  and  nourilhed  from,  the  (hrub  on  which  it  grows, 
and  it  is  to  all  appearance  perennial.  Flowers  feflTile,  in  a ter- 
minal, rather  clofe-fet,  upright  fpike,  the  whole  being  of  a dull 
purplifli  yellow  hue,  clothed  with  rufty  downinefs,  and  foon 
turning  altogether  brown  and  withered,  in  which  ftate  the  plant 
remains  a confiderable  time.  Bracfeae  folitary,  lanceolate, 
moftly  fhorter  than  the  flowers.  Calyx  of  2 lateral  leaves,  each 
of  which  is  deeply  cloven  into  2 nearly  equal,  lanceolate,  acute 
fegments.  Corolla  ventricofe  or  inflated,  a little  incurved,  cari- 
nated  at  the  back  ; its  upper  lip  perfectly  undivided,  with  a 
reflexed  v/aved  margin  ; the  lower  lip  in  3 dependent  lobes, 
which  are  equal,  acute,  more  or  lefs  undulated,  and  fometimes 
almoft  crenate.  Stamina  rather  Ihorter  than  the  tube,  chan- 
nelled at  their  bafe  on  the  infide,  and  perfectly  fmooth,  or  void 
of  all  pubefcence,  in  their  lower  part,  though  a little  glandular 
juft  under  the  antherse.  Style  downy.  Stigma  of  two  yellow 
feparate  globules. 

We  are  now  perfuaded  that  the  ioxdgnOrohafiche  diftinguifhed 
by  Bauhin  as  fmelling  of  cloves,  which  ours  does  not,  is  a diftintfl: 
fpecies,  its  ftamina  being  very  hairy  at  the  bafe,  which  in  this 
genus  feems  an  important  mark,  See  Sketch  of  a Tour  on  the 
(Continent fv.  it.  308* 


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L 422  ] 

OROBANCHE  minor. 

Lejfer  Broom-rape, 


D I D Y N A M I A Angwjpermia. 

Gen,  Char.  Ca/.  in  2,  lobecl,  lateral  fegmcnts.  Cor, 
ringent.  Ca/p.  of  i cell,  with  2 valves,  and  many 
feeds.  A gland  at  the  bafe  of  the  germen  beneath. 

Spec.  Char.  Stem  fimple.  Corolla  tubular;  its 
upper  lip  undivided  ; lower  in  three  curled  feg- 
ments,  of  which  the  middle  one  is  lobed.  Stamina 
ciliated.  Style  finooth. 

Syn.  Orobanche  rainofa  [3.  Hiulf.  FI.  An.  266, 

O.  dore  minore.  Rail  Syn.  288^'. 


'T 

-R-  HIS  plant  is  found  very  coploufly  in  various  parts  of  Nor- 
folk, in  fields  of  clover  for  the  moft  part,  to  the  roots  of  which 
it  feems  to  be  attached,  flowering  in  July.  We  have  for  above 
J5  years  paft  confidered  it  as  a diflinct  fpecies  from  O.  majors 
as  it  unquellionably  is  from  ramofa ; and  the  genushaving  of 
late  been  more  ftudled  and  better  underftood,  feveral  refpeclable 
Botanifls  have  aflTented  to  our  opinion,  particularly  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Sutton  of  Norwich,  who  has  paid  confiderable  attention  to 
it,  and  who  favoured  us  with  this  fpecimen  laft  year  from  near 
Sheringham. 

It  is  much  fmaller  in  all  its  parts  than  the  laft,  and  more 
purplifti,  (though  fometimes  found  entirely  of  a pale  yellow  by 
Mr.  Sutton,)  and  the  ftem  is  more  inclined  to  be  zigzag. 
Bradlese  folitary.  Flowers  tubular,  fcarcely  at  all  ventricofe. 
Calyx-leaves  more  unequally  divided,  though  that  mark  is  not 
abfolutely  invariable.  Upper  lip  of  the  corolla  undivided,  at 
leaft  till  it  fplits  by  age  or  violence  ; lower  lip  in  three  fegments, 
which  are  more  obtufe  and  undulated  than  in  0.  major ; the 
middle  one  being  larger  than  the  reft,  and  more  or  lefs  per- 
feiStly  three-lobed.  The  moft  important  and  permanent  cha- 
radber  however  conflfts  in  the  ftamina  being  in  their  lower  part 
thickly  ciliated  with  proje£ling  hairs,  which  w^e  have  never 
found  to  vary,  wTile  the  ftyle  on  the  contrary  is  fmooth.  Stigma 
purple. 

We  think  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  our  0.  minor  is  the 
O.  fiore  mimre  of  Dillenius  in  Ray’s  Synopfis  as  above  quoted, 
found  by  Mr.  Rand  in  Kent.  Our  late  worthy  friend  Mr. 
Jacob  Rayer  obferved  it  plentifully  in  that  county.  It  feems  to 
be  the  plant  intended  under  the  fame  denomination  by  John 
Bauhin,  but  we  have  fome  doubt  of  its  being  the  Orobanche 
prima  of  Taberntemontanus. 


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[ 423  ] 

OROBANCHE  caerulea. 

Purple  Broom-rape. 


D 1 D T N A M I A Anglofpermia, 

Gen.  Char.  Cal.  in  2,  lobed^  lateral  fegmcnts.  Cor. 
ringent.  Cap/,  of  i cell,  with  2 valves  and  many 
feeds.  A gland  at  the  bafe  of  the  germcn  beneath. 
Spec.  Char.  Stem  lirnple.  Corolla  tubular;  its 
upper  lip  cloven  and  notched  ; lower  in  three  equal 
entire  fegments.  Stamina  fmooth.  Bra61eae  three. 
Syn.  Orobanche  cserulea.  Pillars  Dauph.  v.  2.  406. 

O.  laevis.  Lamarck  Flo.  Franc,  v.  2.  327. 

O.  purpurea.  Jacq.  Anjir.  t.  276. 

O.  n.  294.  FlalL  Biji.  -u.  i.  129. 

O.  ramofa  [3.  With.  Bot.  Arr.  ed.  3.  538. 

No  fpecies  of  Orobanche  has  been  lefs  underflood  than  this. 
We  have  reafon  to  think  it  has  been  taken  by  many  Britiili 
botanifts  for  the  ramofa.  Linnaeus  confounded  its  fynonyms 
with  thofe  of  fame  other  very  different  plants  under  his  0.  Uvisy 
the  hiflory  of  which  we  may  one  day  give  in  another  place  ; 
but  the  fpecies  before  us,  which  Linnaeus  did  not  know,  can 
by  no  means  be  taken  for  his  Uvisy  though  Haller,  Lamarck 
and  Villars  gueffed  it  to  be  fo.  Jacquin  has  defcribed  it  anew 
by  the  name  of  purpurea,  but  there  is  another  fpecies  fo  named 
in  the  Suppl.  Plant.  Ours  might  far  more  properly  be  named 
•violacea,  but  to  avoid  unneceflary  changes  we  call  it  carulea 
with  Villars.  It  grows  in  hilly  paftures  on  the  north  coafl  of 
Norfolk,  flowering  in  July.  A Angle  fpecimen  was  found  in 
1779  by  a Mr.  Scarles  near  Northreps,  and  feveral  more  lafl 
year  near  Sheringham  by  Mr.  AV.  Skrimfhire  of  AVifbeach  ; ours 
was  gathered  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Sutton  at  Beefton  near  Cromer. 

This  is  in  general  more  flender  and  lefs  pubefcent  than 
either  of  the  preceding,  and  of  a darker  and  much  more  blue 
or  purplifh  colour.  Its  flowers  alfo  are  longer.  The  bradlese 
are  3,  one  large  external,  and  2 fmall  internal  ones,  as  we  ought 
alfo  to  have  defcribed  them  in  0.  ramofa,  t.  184.  Calyx  tubular 
at  the  bafe,  the  lobes  of  its  fegments  nearly  equal,  fubulate. 
Corolla  palifh  violet,  with  an  elevated  downy  white  divided 
palate.  Upper  lip  afcending,  more  or  lefs  deeply  two  lobed, 
with  a notch  or  two  between  the  fegments  ; lower  lip  of  three 
equal  ovate  entire  lobes,  by  no  means  fringed,  undulated  or 
plaited.  Stamina  fmooth  all  the  w^ay  up.  Style  a little  downy. 

Orobanche  ramofa  differs  eflentially  from  this  fpecies  in 

being  almoft  always  very  much  branched  in  the  upper  part  of 
its  ftem,  which  is  yellow,  not  purple,  and  in  having  its  upper 
lip  deeply  lobed  without  any  teeth  or  notches  betw'ceni  In 
appearance  alfo  there  is  a manifelt  difl'erencc. 


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[ 424  ] 

B E L L I S perennis. 

Common  Daify, 


S YIS/GEMKSIA  PoIygatnla-fuperJIua* 

Gen.  Char.  ^ Receptacle  naked,  conical.  Dc^uen  none. 
Cal.  hemifpherical ; its  fcales  equal.  Seeds  obovate. 
Spec.  Char.  Root  creeping.  Stalk  naked. 

Syn.  Beilis  perennis.  Linn.  Sp.  FI.  1248.  Hudf.  FI 
An.  370.  With.  Bot.  Arr.  ed.  3,  733.  Relh. 
Cant.  320.  Sihih.  Ox.  256.  Curt.  Bond.  fafe.  i. 
t.  62. 

B.  tylveftris  minor.  Fuiil  Syn.  184. 


1 EW  plants  are  better  known  than  the  claify.  Every  pafturc 
and  grafs-plat  is  befpangled  with  its  flowers  from  the  beginning 
of  fpnng  til  the  end  of  autumn  j and  if  any  mild  M-eather  hap- 
pens to  break  the  feyerity  of  winter,  the  daify  is  fure  to  welconie 
the  appearance  of  tne  fun,  and  expand  itfelf  to  his  beams.  At 
night  It  always  clofes,  and  hence  its  Englifli  name,  dayVeye  or 
eje  of  tne  day  See  the  apt  quotations  from  Chaucer  in  the 
.b  ora  Lonclinenfis,  where  alfo  we  are  informed  that  this  common 
plant  IS  not  eaten  by  flieep  orhorfes,  nor  willingly  by  cows. 

^ ihe  root  is  ftrong,  perennial,  branched  and  creeping,  throw- 
ing out  long  Eraight  fibres,  and  producing  at  its  crown  feveral 
tufts  of  leaves  fpreadmg  in  a ftar-like  form  upon  the  ground, 
which  aie  obovate,  blunt,  crenate,  flightly  hairy,  and  all  moftly 
radical,  one  or  two  of  them  only  being  very  rarely  borne  upon 
the  bafes  of  the  halks  m a luxuriant  hate.  Stalks  generally 
upright,  fingle-flowered,  round,  hairy,  naked.  Flowers  various 
m fize,  inodorous.  Calyx  dark  green,  hairy,  fpreading.  Ra- 
dius of  feveral  fpreading  linear  or  fomewhat  ellipticaf  female 
.iorets,  witli  a notch  at_  the  tips,  of  a poliflied  white,  moftly 
tinged  with  beautiful  crimfon  at  the  extremity,  efpecially  under- 
neath. iJiflc  of  many  tubular  yellow  hermaphrodite  florets.  Re- 
ceptacle very  conical,  and  hollow,  dotted,  without  fcales  or  hairs, 
beeds  obovate,  comprefted,  without  any  wing  or  down.  Stigma 

cloven ; that  of  the  hermaphrodite  florets  thicker  than  in  the 
others. 

_ In  gardens  the  daily  is  cultivated  with  double  flowers,  that 
rs,  compofed  entirely  of  the  ligulate  female  florets,  and  either 
white,  red,  or  fpeckled.  Sometimes  the  calyx  is  proliferous  at 
Sts  bafe,  when  »t  is  called  the  hen-and-chicken  daifv. 


424 


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[ 425  ] 

HIPPOPHAE  rhamno'ides. 

Sallow-thorn^  or  Sea  Buck-thorn, 


D I OE  CIA  Tetrandria. 

Gen.  Char.  Male,  Calyx  \n  2 deep  fegments.  Corolla 
none.  Female,  Cal.  tubular,  cloven.  Style  i. 
Berry  fuperlor.  Seed  folitary,  doubly  coated. 
Spec.  Char.  Leaves  lanceolate. 

Syn.  Hippophae  rhamnoides.  Lmn.  Sp.  PL  1452. 
Hudf.  FI.  An.  431.  With.  Bot.  Arr.  1114.  ed. 

V.  2,  204.  Fillars  Dauph.  v.  2,  338. 

Rhamnoides  frudlifera,  foliis  falicis,  baccis  leviter 
flavefeentibus.  PuiH  Syn.  445. 


T„,  S fhrub  is  found  in  various  parts  of  England,  on  the 
fandy  fea  coaft,  chiefly  upon  cliffs  or  banks  above  the  level  of 
the  ocean,  flowering  about  the  middle  of  May,  and  ripening  its 
beautiful  glowing  berries  in  the  autumn.  Though  the  plant  is 
often  preferved  in  fhrubberies,  for  the  fake  of  its  filvery  leaves, 
it  is  never  obferved  to  bear  fruit  but  in  a wild  flate,  which  may 
perhaps  be  partly  owing  to  its  being  dioecious,  and  the  two 
fexes  not  happening  to  be  cultivated  together.  Our  fpecimens, 
in  a very  perfedi;  flate,  were  fent  from  Yarmouth  by  Mr.  Wigg 
and  Mr.  Dawfon  Turner. 

The  wood  is  hard,  and  the  branches  of  the  preceding  year 
terminate  in  fliff  thorns.  Leaves  fcattered,  lanceolate,  obtufe, 
entire,  fometimes  almofl  linear,  of  a filvery  white  beneath  like 
the  back  of  a looking-glafs  j both  their  furfaces,  as  well  as  the 
young  bark  and  the  fruit,  are  clothed  with  minute  umbilicated 
fcales,  as  in  the  genus  Eleagnus.  Flowers  green,  folitary  in  the 
bofoms  of  the  lowermofl  leaves  while  they  are  very  young,  the 
males  on  one  fhrub,  females  on  another,  but  both  fituaced  (as 
far  as  nve  have  obferved)  in  the  fame  manner^  they  differ 
however  in  fliape.  The  calyx  of  the  male  is  divided  almofk 
to  the  bafe  into  2 equal  roundifh  lobes,  clofed  together  at  their 
fummit,  but  a little  gaping  below  *,  flamina  4,  very  fliort,  with 
large  oblong  antherie.  The  female  has  an  oblong  tubular  calyx 
flightly  cloven  at  the  top,  containing  a fingle  germen,  with  a 
fhort  thick  recurved  ftyle.  Berry  fomewhat  elliptical,  yellow 
or  orange-coloured,  very  juicy,  acid  and  aftringent,  containing 
in  its  centre  an  oblong  fhining  black  feed,  with  a furrow  on 
each  fide,  invefted  with  a double  membranous  coat,  firfl  de- 
tedled  we  believe  by  Mr.  Sowerby,  G3ertner  deferibing  only  a 
fingle  one.  The  berries  are  ufed  as  an  acid  fauce  by  the  poorer 
people  of  Sweden  and  the  South  of  France. 


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[ 426  ] 

H Y P N U M taxifollum. 

7^ew- leaved  Hj'pnum. 


CRY  PrOGAMlA  MuJA 

Gen.  Char.  Capf.  with  a lid.  Veil  fmooth.  Flozvcr- 
Jialk  from  a lateral  tubercle  invefted  with  fcales. 

Spec.  Char.  Frond  perfeflly  lim pie,  pinnate^  lanceo- 
late. Flower-ftalks  from  the  bafe. 

Syn.  Hypnum  taxifolium.  Linn,  Sp.  PL  1587.  HndJ, 
FL  An,  593.  JVith,  Bot,  Arr,  ed,  3.  845.  Relh, 
Cant,  407. 

H.  repens  filicifolium  non  ramofum,  pediculis  bre- 
vioribus  ad  radicem  egredientibus.  Rail  Syn,  88. 

FI.  taxiforme  minus,  bafi  capfulifera.  Dill,  Mnfc,  263, 

343  2. 

Dicranum  taxifolium.  Sihth,  Ox,  279. 


r OUND  with  H.  adiantoides  [t.  264)  in  a (hady  pit,  in  Kcn- 
fington  Gardens,  towards  Bayfwater  Gate,  where  it  produces 
its  capfules  in  February,  nor  is  it  uncommon  elfewhere  in 
fimilar  fituations. 

The  fronds  form  fmall  tufts,  each  of  them  being  fcarcely  half 
an  inch  long,  unbranched,  flat,  pinnate,  compofed  of  two  ranks 
of  clofely  imbricated  alternate  leaflets,  which  are  comprefled, 
deeply  keeled,  pointed,  entire.  From  a fcaly  bud  at  the  bafe 
arifes  a flender  red  (talk,  twice  as  long  as  the  frond,  bearing  a 
nearly  cylindrical  inclining  capfule,  the  teeth  of  which  arc 
cloven  half  way  down.  The  lid  has  a taper  beak,  as  has  the 
veil  alfo.  The  parts  of  frudlification  very  much  agree  with 
thofe  of  H.  adiantoidesy  from  which  this  fpecies  is  however 
clearly  diftinguiflied  by  its  fmaller  fize,  Ample  fronds,  and 
radical  (talks. 


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[ 427  1 

H U M U L U S Lupulus. 

Hop, 


D I OK  C I A Pentandria. 

Gen.  Char.  Male,  Cal.  5-Ieaveci.  Cor.  none. 

Female,  Catkin  of  numerous  obliquely  fpreading,  un- 
divided feales.  Cor.  none.  S^’/es  2.  See^/s  folitary. 
Spec,  Char 

Syn.  Humulus  Lupulus.  Zinn.  Sp.  FI.  Hadf. 

FI.  An.  433.  With.Bot.  Arr.  ed.  ^.'v.  2.  277.  Relh. 
Cant.  369.  Sibth.  Ox.  90. 

Lupulus  mas  et  foemina.  Rail  Syn.  137. 

Hops  are  found  in  hedges  throughout  England,  particularly 
where  the  foil  is  ftrong  and  moift  j nor  can  there  be  a doubt  of 
their  being  indigenous,  notwithftanding  the  old  diftich, 

“ Turkeys,  Carp,  Hops,  Pickerel  and  Beer, 

‘‘  Came  into  England  all  in  one  year.” 

This  is  fuppofedto  have  been  in  Henry  Vlllth’s  reign,  when 
perhaps  they  were  firfl;  ufed  for  making  beer,  and  (as  has  been 
the  cafe  with  fome  other  plants)  might  be  imported  from 
abroad,  though  really  wild  at  home.  The  Pickerel  or  Pike, 
was  certainly  known  and  eaten  in  England  in  1281.  See  Sir 
John  Cullum’s  Hiftory  of  HawBed,  p.  9.  In  Scotland  the  hop, 
according  to  Lightfoot,  is  fcarcely  indigenous. — Its  ufe  and 
culture  are  now  fufficiently  known.  Its  fragrance  and  eflential 
properties  refide  in  a (partly  volatile)  refmous  fubftance,  fecreted 
in  the  feales  of  the  cone.  The  beauty  of  its  climbing  twigs, 
and  vine-like  leaves,  make  it  very  ornamental  to  the  counties 
of  Kent,  Worcefterfhire,  Shropfhire,  &c.  where  it  is  molt  cul- 
tivated. The  very  young  fhoots,  when  boiled,  tafte  like  Afpa- 
ragus,  and  are  more  early. 

Root  perennial.  Stems  twining,  angular,  rough  with 
prickles,  leafy.  Leaves  oppofite,  on  footftalks  (which  are  con- 
nected at  the  bafe  on  each  fide  by  a reflexed  ftipula),  heart- 
fhaped,  undivided  or  3-lobed,  often  5-lobed,  ferrated,  veiny 
and  harfh.  The  flowers  appear  in  July,  the  males  on  one  root, 
in  branched  clufters  ; females  on  another,  in  Ample  axillary 
catkins,  of  a totally  diiTerent  ftruCture  from  the  male  flowers, 
whofe  calyx  is  Ample,  of  5 leaves,  the  5 ftamina  fhort,  the  an- 
therte  opening  by  2 pores  at  the  top  ; whereas  the  female  is  an 
imbricated  catkin  of  numerous  Ample  entire  feales,  each  en- 
veloping a germen  with  2 long  downy  ftyles,  and  all  together 
enlarging  into  a dry  flrobilus  or  cone. 

^The  old  generic  name  LtipidiiSy  a little  wolf,  juftly  difpleafed 
Linnaeus,  though  it  feems  as  tolerable  as  Ranunculus.,  a little 
frog.  Humulus  is  faid  by  AmbroAnus  to  be  of  German  origin. 
Linnaeus  gives  a lame  derivation  of  it  from  humusy  moifl:  earth, 
in  Phil,  Bot,  p.  167. 


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[ 428  ] 

EUPATORIUM  cannabinum. 

Hemp- agrimony. 


STNGENESIA  Polygamla-aqualis, 

Gen.  Char.  Receptacle  naked.  Seed-down  feathery. 
Calyx  oblong,  imbricated.  Style  cloven  half  way 
down,  longer  than  the  corolla. 

Spec.  Char.  Leaves  digitate. 

Syn.  Eupatorium  cannabinum.  Lhm.  Sp.  PL  1173. 
Hudf,  FL  An.  356.  With,  Bot.  Alrr.  ed,  3,  v.  3, 
yo6.  Relh.  Cant.  309.  Sibth,  Ox.  249.  Ran  Syn.  1 79. 


This  plant  occurs  frequently  about  the  banks  of  rivers,  and 
other  watery  fpots. — It  is  neverthelefs  found  alfo  in  elevated 
calcareous  fituations,  where  it  appears  to  great  advantage,  as  at 
Matlock  j but  always  grows  in  a more  or  lefs  black  and  boggy 
foil,  like  the  larger  inhabitants  of  alpine  meadows,  Veratruniy 
Geniianay  Aconituniy  Cacatiay  See.  It  feems  indeed  to  fupply 
the  place  of  Cacalia  atpinay  in  fome  of  our  mountainous  thickets, 
and  very  much  agrees  with  that  plant  in  habit,  colour,  and  the 
infe^Is  it  nourifties. 

The  Eupatorium  flowers  in  July  and  Augufl.  The  root  is 
perennial.  Stems  feveral,  2 or  3 feet  high,  erecl,  branched, 
roundilh,  downy,  leafy.  Leaves  oppofite,  nearly  felTile,  deeply 
divided  into  3 or  5 fclTile  leaflets,  of  which  the  two  outermoft 
are  fometimes  a little  remote  from  the  others,  by  that  means 
forming  a pinnate  leaf ; the  leaflets  are  lanceolate,  paler  and 
downy  beneath,  ftrongly  ferrated,  efpecially  about  the  middle. 
Flowers  very  numerous,  light  reddilh  purple,  in  a thick  ter- 
minal cluftered  corymbus.  Calyx-fcales  blunt,  with  a mem- 
branous white  or  reddifh  margin.  Florets  about  5 or  6,  all 
tubular,  equal,  regular  and  perfeCl,  charadlerized  by  the  pro- 
jedlion  of  their  long  cloven  ftyles  *,  the  filvery  bridles  which 
crown  the  germen  (and  afterwards  the  feed),  and  which  are 
truly  though  minutely  feathery,  are  feen  feparating  the  florets. 
Germen,  as  Dr.  Withering  remarks,  fprinkled  with  minute 
fhining  globules.  The  whole  herb  is  flightly  aromatic. 

In  young  plants  the  upper  leaves  are  obferved  to  be  Ample. 
See  Ray  and  Withering. 


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[ 429  ] 

TUSSILAGO  Farfara. 

Colts-foot^ 


S YNGENE^IA  Polygamia-fuperjlua* 

Gen.  Char.  Receptacle  naked.  Dozvn  limple.  Calyx- 
fcales  equal,  as  long  as  the  difl^,  fomewhat  mem- 
branous. 

Spec.  Char.  Stalk  fingle-flowered,  clothed  with  im- 
bricated fcales.  Leaves  heart-fhaped,  angiilated 
and  toothed. 

Syn.  Tuflilago  Farfara.  Linn.  Sp.  PL  1214.  Hudf,  FI. 
An.  364.  With.  Bot.  Arr.  904.  ed.  3.  ‘n.  3.  719. 
Relh.  Cant.  314.  Sihth.  Ox.  261.  Curt.  Land, 
fafc.  2.  t.  60. 

Tuffilago.  Rail  Syn.  173. 


(Common  on  moift  marley  and  calcareous  ground,  flower- 
ing in  March  or  April,  foon  after  which  the  leaves  appear, 
and  continue  through  the  fummer. 

Root  perennial,  creeping  horizontally.  Stalks  erect,  fimple, 
leaflefs,  but  clothed  wdth  lanceolate,  imbricated,  clofe-prefled 
fcales.  Flowers  terminal,  folitary,  drooping  before  they  expand, 
then  ere6t,  lemon-coloured,  not  inelegant,  being  more  confpicu- 
ous  on  account  of  their  radiated  form  than  thofe  of  many  other 
fpecies.  The  calyx  confifts  of  feveral  fimple  parallel  linear 
equal  fcales,  accompanied  at  the  bafe  by  a few  fcattered  fcales 
like  thofe  on  the  ftalk,  and  which  cannot  be'confidered  as  be- 
longing to  the  calyx  itfelf.  Flowers  of  the  difk  tubular  and 
hermaphrodite  ; thofe  of  the  radius  numerous,  ligulate  and 
female.  The  feeds  of  both  are  fo  generally  barren,  that  we 
are  at  a lofs  to  decide  upon  Dr.  Stokes’s  remark,  in  the  fecond 
edition  of  Withering,  that  thofe  of  the  difk  only  are  fo  ; but, 
as  he  juftly  obferves,  thofe  of  the  radius  only  have  the  cloven 
taper  ftigma,  which  in  this  tribe  indicates  a fertile  floret,  and 
v/e  therefore  do  not  doubt  his  accuracy  in  the  other  refpecl. 
The  leaves  grow  on  long  foot-ftalks,  cluflered,  from  fhort 
lateral  branches,  and  are  heart-fhaped,  acute,  angular  and 
fharply  toothed,  very  fmooth  above,  cottony  and  veiny  be- 
neath. They  are  when  young  rolled  back,  and  in  that  date 
thickly  clothed  with  very  white  cotton,  as  is  the  ftalk  alfo. 
This  cotton  has  been  ufed  for  tinder  and  fimilar  purpofes. 
The  leaves  are  bitterifh,  mucilaginous,  and  aftringent,  and  are 
faid  to  be  good  for  the  lungs,  either  taken  in  an  infufion  or 
fmoked  as  tobacco.  See  Ray  and  Withering.  Hence  the 
generic  name,  from  Tirjfts  a cough. 


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[ 43°  ] 

TUSSILAGO  hybrlda. 

Lojiger-Jlalked  Butter-bur. 

SYNGENESIA  Polyga7nia-fup^Kfl^^^‘ 

Gen.  Char.  Recept.  naked.  Dowji  fimpie.  Calyx- 
fcales  equals  as  long  as  the  dilk^  fomewhat  mem- 
branous. 

Spec.  Char.  Panicle  denfe,  oblong.  Female  flo- 
rets very  numerous ; hermaphrodite  one  or  two, 
central,  with  generally  feparatc  anthcrae. 

Syn.  TuiTilago  hybrida.  Lwn.  Sp.  FI.  1214.  lludf. 
FL  j4u.  364.  IViih,  Bot,  Arr.  906.  ed.  3.  3. 

721. 

Petafltes  major,  floribus  pediculis  longis  infidenti- 
bus.  Rail  Syn.  179. 


E are  obliged  to  Mr.  Travis  of  Scarborough  for  this 
•wild  fpecimen,  which  was  gathered  near  Thorp  Arnold  in 
Leicellerihire,  on  the  Tides  of  ditches,  where  this  plant  grows 
intermixed  with  T.  Fetafites.  It  is  faid  to  be  not  uncommon 
in  that  county,  and  alfo  to  be  frequent  about  Manchelfer. 
It  is  perennial,  flowering  in  April,  and  the  down  of  the  feeds 
before  they  are  fhed,  forming  a filvery  plume,  is  very  orna- 
mental and  confpicuous. 

Root  thick,  creeping  very  far.  Leaves  radical,  heart- fliaped, 
pointed,  irregularly  toothed,  cut  away  clofe  to  the  fide  nerves 
at  the  bafe,  very  broad,  downy  beneath,  ftanding  on  long  up- 
right flefliy  cottony  foot-ftalks.  Stalk  eredl,  rifing  above  the 
leaves,  fimpie,  round,  cottony,  invefted  with  lanceolate  fcales, 
the  lowermoft  of  which  moftly  terminate  in  a fmall  leafy  ap- 
pendage. Panicle  denfe,  oblong  or  nearly  ovate  at  firft  \ after 
flowering,  cylindrical  and  more  loofe.  Partial  flower-ftalks 
moftly  a little  branched,  flender,  fcaly  and  downy.  Flowers 
flefn-coloured.  Calyx  fhort,  nearly  frnooth,  tipped  with  pur- 
ple. Florets  very  numerous,  all  tubular,  and  for  the  moft 
part  female.  Style  much  longer  than  the  corolla,  cloven, 
fharp-pointed.  Linnseus  defcribes  thefe  female  flowrets  as 
naked,  or  without  corolla  ; but  we  muft  confefs  that  in  his  own 
fpecimen  as  well  as  ours  we  can  find  no  floret  without.  Seed 
obovate,  rarely  fertile.  Down  rough.  In  the  centre  among 
thefe  female  florets  are  found  one  or  two,  fcarcely  more,  her- 
maphrodite ones,  which  have  a reddifh  and  rather  more  con- 
fpicuous corolla.  Their  anther^e  are  red,  feparate,  or 
fcarcely  at  all  fyngenefious.  Their  ftigma  is  ciub^lhaped, 
notched  but  hardly  cloven,  much  thicker  and  (horter  than  in 
the  female  florets,  and  the  germen  is  evidently  imperfecl. 

V/e  are  almoft  perfuaded  of  what  nobody  has  hitherto 
hinted,  that  this  plant  is  the  true  female  of  T.  PetafUeSy  being 
furniihed  vi’ith  only  a fmall  provifion  of  the  other  fex  to  per- 
form its  office  occafionally,  as  is  the  cafe  in  Spinachiay  Cannabis^ 
Mufoy  See  T.  Peta/ltes  in  the  nejvt  plate. 


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[ 431  ] 

TUSSILAGO  Petafites, 

Common  Bntter-bur. 


S T N G E N E S I A Polygamta-fuperflua, 

Gen.  Char.  Recepf,  naked.  Down  fimple.  Calyx- 
fcales  equal,  as  long  as  the  dilk,  fomevvhat  mem- 
branous. 

Spec.  Char.  Panicle  denfc,  ovate.  Flowers  almoft 
all  hermaphrodite,  with  united  anthcrae. 

Syn.  Tuffilago  Petafites.  Linn.  Sp.  PL  1215.  Hudf, 
FI.  An.  364.  With.  Bot.  Arr.  906.  ed.  3.  v.  3. 
720.  Relh.  Cant.  314.  Sihth.  Ox.  261.  Curt, 
Loud,  fajc,  2.  /.  59. 

Petafites.  Rail  Syn.  179. 

V T" 

▼ ERY  common  on  the  banks  of  rivers  and  In  molft  (hady 
places,  flowering  in  April,  about  which  time  alfo  the  leaves 
appear,  and  in  the  courfe  of  the  fummer  grow  to  a great  fize, 
being  2 or  3 feet  in  diameter. 

The  root  is  perennial,  creeping  very  far,  and  increafing  ra- 
pidly, fo  as  to  be  extirpated  with  difficulty ; in  which  refpe£l:  it 
agrees  with  T.  hybrida,  as  well  as  in  the  appearance  and  form 
of  its  leaves,  which  however  are  fomev/hat  larger  in  the  Peta- 
fites. The  flower-ftalk  differs  chiefly  in  being  rather  ffiorter, 
and  the  panicle  after  flowering  lefs  lengthened  out.  The  flowers 
are  larger,  and  fcales  of  the  calyx  twice  as  long.  All  the  florets 
are  hermaphrodite  in  appearance  j but  their  ftigmas  are  thick 
and  barren,,  many  authors  obferving  that  the  feeds  are  never 
perfe6led.  The  younger  Linnaeus  and  Haller,  however,  have 
occafionally  noted  a very  few  female  florets  to  accompany  the 
others,  which  the  latter  tells  us  produce  good  feeds.  This 
circumflance  is  rare,  and  has  not  been  obferved  in  England  y 
nor,  if  general,  would  it  invalidate  our  conje61:ure,  that  this 
is  the  real  male  of  T.  hybrida,  forming  but  one  fpecies  with 
that.  It  is  worth  confideration  whether  the  T.  alba  may  not 
ftand  in  the  fame  relation  to  t\\t  paradox  a of  Retzius,  Ait.  Hort. 
Kew.  V.  3.  188.  The  antherse  of  7'.  Petafites  are  united,  as 
in  alba  in  paradoxa,  as  in  hybrida^  they  are  feparate.  All  thefe 
plants  increafe  fo  much  by  root,  that  impregnation  (whether 
in  the  fame  individual  or  not)  rarely  takes  place,  wffiich  is 
alfo  the  cafe  with  mints  and  many  other  vegetables.  We  agree 
with  Dr.  Stokes  and  Profeffor  Sibthorp,  that  as  the  florets  of 
the  circumference  only  in  this  genus  produce  perfe£l:  feeds,  the 
central  ones  having  the  thickened  ftigma  which  appears  always 
to  be  barren,  it  might  be  removed  to  the  order  of  Polygamia^ 
neceffaria',  but  Syngenefious  plants  are  fubjedl  to  fuch  variations 
in  the  perfe£tion  of  their  organs  of  impregnation,  that  it  is  by 
no  means  certain  how  far  that  order,  or  indeed  fome  others, 
are  founded  in  nature.  This  point  we  cannot  here  difcufs,  but 
may  on  fome  future  occafion. 


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[ 43^  ] 

LICHEN  byffinus. 

Mealy-hordered  Lichen. 


CRYPrOGA  MIA  Algce. 

Gen.  Char.  Male,  fcattered  warts. 

Female,  fmooth  Hilelds  or  tubereles,  in  which  the 
feeds  are  imbedded. 

Spec.  Char.  Cruftaceous,  powdery,  brownidi.  Shields 
flat,  dull-yellow,  with  a very  white,  mealy,  ele- 
vated border. 

Syn.  Lichen  byffinus.  Dickf.  Crypt,  fafc.  2.  19. 
With.  Bot.  Arr.  ‘v.  3.  174.  ed.  3.  -j.  4.  23. 


ROFESSOR  HofFmann  of  Gottingen  appears  to  have  origi- 
nally defcribed  this  little  Lichen^  in  his  Enumeratio  Lichenum^  a 
work  we  have  not  at  hand,  Mr.  Dickfon  firft  obferved  it  in 
this  ifland,  growing  on  trees  and  ftones  in  Scotland.  Our  fpe- 
cimen  is  upon  a piece  of  brick,  and  was  found  near  London. 

The  cruft  is  thin,  wdth  a vague  indeterminate  margin,  {light- 
ly powdery,  of  a brown  more  or  lefs  dark.  Sometimes  it  ac- 
quires a degree  of  thicknefs  equal  to  that  of  coarfe  paper, 
and  then  its  inner  fubftance  is  whitifti.  The  (hields  project  a 
little.  Their  diftc  is  very  flat,  of  a dull-yellow  or  bufl>colour  \ 
but  the  white  elevated  downy  margin,  which  when  arrived  at 
maturity  is  as  it  v/ere  compofed  of  two  coats  or  layers,  renders 
them  very  confpieuous. 

This  has  much  refemblance  at  firft  fight  to  the  L.  inarmoreusy 
mentioned  alfo  by  Mr.  Dickfon  in  his  2d  fafciculus  j but  in 
that  the  cruft  is  whitifii  or  afti-coloured  when  prefent,  and  fa 
thin  and  tender  that  in  an  advanced  ftate  of  the  plant  it  is  not 
to  be  found  at  all  ; its  fliields  moreover  are  reddifh,  their  white 
margin  thicker  and  more  indexed,  downy  rather  than  mealy, 
of  one  ilmple  coat,  and  crenate. 


4^32 


••1 


i 


I N D E 


X 


OF  THE  ENGLISH  NAMES  . 


IN  VOL.  VI. 


LOE,  water  — 

Arrow-grafs,  mai-fh  — 

Barley,  meadow  — 

Bartfia,  alpine  — 

Bell-flower,  corn  ~ 

Bird’s-foot,  common 
Birthwort,  common 
Broom-rape,  greater 

leflTer  — 

purple  — 

Bryum,  fountain  — 

golden  — . 

marfli 

pear-fliaped  — 

Buck-thorn,  fea  — 

Burnet-faxifrage,  common 

great 

Butter-bur,  common 

long-ftalked 

Centaury,  common  — 

Ciftus,  hoary  dwarf  ~ 

Cock’s-foot-grafs,  fmooth 
Colt’s- foot  — 


Cranefbill,  crowfoot-leaved 

mountain  — 

fmall-flovvered 

Daify,  common  — 

Dodder,  greater  — 

Dropwort,  common  water 
Featherfoil  — 

Flax,  narrow-leaved  — 

■ purging  — 

Glafs-wort,  jointed  

Hare-bell  — — 

Hawk-weed,  ftinking  — 
Hemp-agrimony  i — 

Hone  wort,  whorled  — 

Hop  _ _ 

Horehound,  white  — 


Tab. 


379 


366 


409 

361 

375 

369 

398 

421 


422 


423 

390 
389 

391 

4'3 

425 

407 

408 

431 

430 

4f7 

396 

380 

429 

404 


405 

38s 

424 

378 

3^3 

364 

381 

382 


4^5 

377 

406 

428 


395 

427 

410 


Tab. 

Hyacinth,  wild  — 

— 

377 

Hypnum,  yew-leaved 

— 

426 

Ladies’-bedftraw,  fmall 

— 

384 

Laver,  concentric-dotted 

419 

■ laciniated  red  — 

— 

420 

Lichen,  black  pin-headed 

— 

414 

brown  mufhroom 

— 

373 

heath  — 



37s 

mealy-bordered 

— 

43^ 

pink  mufhroom 

— 

374 

Loufewort,  marfh  — 

— 

399 

• — pafture  — 

— , 

400 

Lungwort,  fea  — 

— 

368 

Meadow-grafs,  creeping 

— 

365 

Meadow-rue,  common 

— 

567 

Mullein,  moth  — 

— 

393 

Orchis,  bee  — 

— 

383 

Pond-weed,  clofe-leaved 

— 

397 

flat-ftalked 

— 

418 

■ — fhining  — 

— 

376 

Reed,  common  — 

— 

401 

• fmall  — 

— 

403 

wood  — 

— 

402 

Saint  John’s-wort,  mountain 

— 

371 

— — fquare 

— 

37'=> 

Sallow-thorn  — 

— 

425 

Samphire,  annual  — 

— 

415 

Soldier,  water  — 

— 

3 79 

Spearwort,  lefler  — 

— 

387 

Spindle-tree  — • 

— 

362 

Splecnwort,  fea  — 

— . 

39^ 

Stonecrop,  hairy  — 

— 

394 

Thiftle,  flender-flowered 

— 

412 

- — welted  — 



412 

woolly-headed 

— 

386 

Thyme,  bafll  — 

— 

411 

Violet,  w'ater  

— 

364 

Whitlow-grafs,  twifted 

— 

388 

Woundwort,  hedge  — 

— 

416 

General  Indexes  to  the  Six  firft  Volumes  of  this  Work,  Price  Sixpence, 
will  be  publifhed  on  the  ift  of  January  1798. 


f) 


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SYSTEMATICAL  INDEX 


TO 


VOL.  vr. 


\ 


Monandria, 

SaLICORNIA  annua 

Tnandria. 

Poa  comprefla  

Dadtylis  ftridia  — 

Arundo  Phragmites  — 

epigejos  ^ 

Calamagroftis  - 

Hordeum  pratenle  — 

Tetrandria. 
Galium  anglicum  — 

Cufcuta  europaea  

Potamogeton  denfum  — 

■ ' ' lucens  — 

comprelTum 

Pentandrla, 
Ptilmonaria  maritima  — 

Hottonia  paluftris  — 
Campanula  hybrida  — - 

Verbafcum  Blattaria  — 

Chironia  Centaurium 
Puonymus  europsus  — 

Sifon  verticillatum  

Oenanthe  fiftulofa  

Pimpinella  faxifraga  — 

^ magna  . — 

Linum  anguftifolium  — 

— — — catharticum  — 


Uexandria. 
Scilla  nutans  - 

Triglochin  paluflre  — 

Decandria. 
Sedum  villofum  — 

Polyandrla. 
Ciftus  marifolius  — 

Stratiotes  aloides  — 

Thalidlrum  flavum  — 

Ranunculus  Flammula 

Didynamla. 

Stachys  fylvatica  

Marrubium  vulgare  

Thymus  Acinos  

Jiartfia  alpina  

Pedicularis  paluftris  

— fylvatica  — 


Tab. 
— 415 


— 401 


— 402 

— 403 

— 409 

— 384 

— 378 

— 397 

— 376 

— 418 


— 368 

— 364 

— 375 

— 393 

— * 417 

— 362 

— 395 
“*  363 

— 407 

— 408 

— 381 

— 382 


— 377 

— 566 


394 


— 396 

— 379 

- 567 

- 387 


— 416 

— 410 

— 4ir 

— 361 

— 399 

— 400 


Orobanche  major  

minor  

caerulea  — - 

Tetradynamia. 
Draba  incana  — 


MoTtadclyhia. 
Geranium  pratenfe  — 

pyrenaicum 

pulillum  — 

Diadelphia. 
Ornithopus  perpufillus 

Polyadelphia. 
Hypericum  quadrangulum 

■  montanum 

Syf7geneJIa. 
Crepis  foetida  — 

Carduus  tenuiflorus  — 

■  eriophorus  — 

E’jpatorium  cannabinum 
Tuftilago  Farfara  — 

hybrida  — 

Petafites  — 

Beilis  perennis  — 

Gynandria. 
Ophrys  apifera  — 

Ariftolochia  Clematitis 
Dioecla. 

Hippophae  rhamnoides 
Flumulus  Lupulus  — - 

Cryptogamla, 
Afplenium  marinum 
Bryum  pyriforme  — 

aureum  — 

—  fontanuni  ■ — 

' — paluftre  . 

Hypnum  taxifolium  — 

Lichen  fphaerocephalus 

—  byffoides  — 

— Baeomyces  

■  ericetoruin  — 

■  byflinus  — 1 

Ulva  atomaria  

ligulata  — . 


Tab. 
— 42  1 

— 422 

— 423 


— 388 


— 404 

— 405 

— 38s 


— - 369 


— 370 

— 371 


— 406 

— 413 

•—  386 

— 428 

— 4^9 

— 430 

— 431 

— 424 


- 383 

— 398 


— 425 

~ 427 


392 

4'3 

389 

390 

391 

426 

414 

373 

374 
372 
432 

419 


JiA 


J 


YR 


1-^  :•> 

-*  I 


J -- 


Kil 


i-'  .'j 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX 


TO 


VOL.  vr. 


Ris  tolochia  Clematitis 

Tab. 

398 

Lichen  ericetorum  — 

Tab. 

372 

Arundo  Calamagroftis 

— 

403 

fphaerocephalus  — 

— 

414 

■ epigejos  — 

— 

402 

Linum  anguftifolium  — 

— 

381 

— Phragmites 

— 

401 

catharticum  — 

— 

382 

Afplenium  marinum  — 

— 

392 

Marrubium  vulgare  — 

— 

410 

Bartfia  alpina  — 

— 

361 

Oenanthe  fiftulofa  — 

— 

563 

Beilis  perennis  — 

— 

424 

Ophrys  apifera  - — 

— 

383 

Bryum  aureum  — 

— 

389 

Ornithopus  perpuftllus 

— 

369 

" ■■  ■■  fontanum  — 

— 

390 

Orobanche  cjerulea  — 

— 

423 

■ palullre  — 

— 

391 

major  — 

— 

421 

pyriforme  — 

— 

413 

minor  — 

— 

422 

Campanula  hybrida  — 

— 

37"; 

Pedicularis  paluftris  — 

— 

399 

Carduus  eriophorus  — 

— 

386 

fylvatica  — 

— 

400 

tenuifiorus  — 

— 

412 

Pimpinella  magna  — 

— 

4c8 

Chironia  Centaurium 

— 

417 

faxifraga  — 

— 

407 

Ciftus  marifolius  — 

— 

396 

Poa  compreffa  — 

— 

365 

Crepis  foetida  — 

— 

406 

Potamogeton  compreffum 

— 

418 

Cufcuta  europaea  — 

, — 

378 

denfum  — 

— 

397 

Dadliylis  Itrifta  — 

— 

380 

lucens  — 

— 

376 

Draba  incana  — 

— 

388 

Pulmonaria  maritima 

— 

36S 

Euonymus  europasus  — 

— 

362 

Ranunculus  Flammula 

— 

387 

Eupatorium  cannabinum 

— 

428 

Salicornia  annua  — 

— 

4^5 

Galium  anglicum  — 

— 

384 

Scllla  nutans 

— . 

377 

Geranium  pratenfe  — 

— 

404 

Sedum  villofum  — 

— 

394 

• pulillum  — 

— 

385 

Sifon  verticillatum  — 

— 

395 

pyrenaicum 

— 

405 

Stachys  fylvatica  — 

— 

416 

Hippophae  rhamnoides 

— 

425 

Stratiotes  aloides  ■ — 



379 

Hordeum  pratenfe  — 

— 

409 

Thalidrum  fiavum  — 

— 

367 

H.ittonia  paluftris  — 

— 

364 

Thymus  acinos  — 

— 

4ir 

Humulus  Lupulus  — 

— 

427 

Triglochin  paluftre  — 

— 

366 

Hypericum  montanum 

— , 

371 

Tuililago  Farfara  — 

— 

429 

quadrangulum 

— 

370 

hybrida  — 

. — 

430 

Hypnum  taxifolium  — 

— 

426 

— Petalites  — 

— 

43  t 

Lichen  Baeomyces  — 

— 

3 74 

Ulva  atomaria  — 

— 

419 

- - ■ byffinus  • — 

— 

432 

• ligulata  — 

— 

420 

byffoides  ~ 

373 

Verbafcum  Blattaria  — 

393 

E 

R R 

A T A. 

No,  406,  line  14,  for  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hemfted,  read  the  Rev.  Mr.  Forby. 
426,  line  ^ifor  593  read  493. 


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