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CATALOGUE 


OF  TUB 


BIRDS 


NOTICE. 


Volume  XIII.  of  this  H^ork  ix  in  fjrepa ration, 

and  will  proljaljlj/  b(*  publiHhvd  in  tin;  course  of  the 
j/car  IbbU. 


VOLUME  XIV. 


LONDON: 
PRINTED  BY  ORDER  OF  THE  TRUSTEES. 

1888. 


CATALOGUE 


OF  TOE 


BIRDS 


IN   THK 


BRITISir     MUSEUM 


VOLUME  XIV. 


LONDON: 
PRINTED  BY  ORDER  OF  THE  TRUSTEES. 

1888. 


/j//)066- 


CATALOGUE 


OF  THB 


PASSERIFORMES, 


OR 


PERCHING   BIRDS, 


IN  TfTB 


COLLECTION 


OF  THE 


BRITISH     MUSEUM 


OLIGOMYODiE, 

OU    TIIE    FAMILIES 

TVRANNIDyE,  OXYRTL^MPHTDyE.  PTPRTD^,  OOTINGID.E, 
PHYTOTOMTD/E,  PHILEPITTID/E,  PITTIDvE, 
XENIClDiE,  AND  EURYL.EMIDyE. 


PHILIP   LUTLEY   SCLATER 


LONDON: 
PRINTED    BY    ORDER   OF   THE    TRUSTEES 

1888. 


PREFACE. 


.    ^s     f*    ^.    ^\    ^-         \.    ^ 


To  accelerate  the  progress  of  this  work,  it  has  been  found  advisable 
to  publish  the  present  volume  in  advance  of  the  thirteenth.  The 
manuscript  of  the  latter  is  in  course  of  preparation,  but  is  not 
expected  to  be  completed  before  1889.  However^  as  its  limits  are 
well-defined,  comprising  the  remainder  of  the  Acromyodian 
Passercs,  no  confusion  can  arise  from  this  break  iu  the  series  of 
volumes,  and  any  inconvenience  which  may  be  caused  by  it  will  be 
of  a  merely  temporary  nature. 

ALBERT  GUNTHER, 
Keeper  of  the  Department  of  Zoology, 

Hritiph  Museum  (N.  IL), 
May  17,  1888. 


INTRODUCnON. 


Mr  ornithological  studies  having  been  principally  devoted  to  South- 
American  Birds,  I  had  little  hesitation  in  acceding  to  Dr.  Giinther's 
request  that  I  should  prepare  the  Catalogue  of  the  Mesomyodian 
Passeres  in  the  Collection  of  the  British  Museum.  Of  the  thirteen 
families  that  belong  to  this  section  of  the  Passerine  group,  nine  are 
exclusively  Neotropical,  and  these  nine  families  embrace  by  far  the 
greatest  number  of  specific  forms,  the  four  Mesomyodian  families 
as  yet  recognized  in  the  Old  World  being  comparatively  insig- 
nificant in  point  of  numbers.  My  subject  was,  therefore,  sufficiently 
familiar  to  me. 

At  the  same  time  some  of  the  groups  to  be  treated  of — I  may 
])oint  especially  to  the  TyrannicUn — arc  universally  allowed  to  be 
amongst  the  most  difficult  portions  of  the  class  of  Birds  for  satis- 
factory determination.  I  felt,  therefore,  that  in  the  short  time 
that  could  necessarily  be  allowed  me  for  the  completion  of  my  task 
I  had  no  easy  duty  to  perform. 

The  Mesomyodian  Passeres,  according  to  Garrod's  arrangement, 
fall  readily  into  two  great  sections,  in  one  of  which  the  syrhix 
remains  nearly  as  in  the  typical  Oscines,  but  with  a  lesser  number 
of  singing-muscles ;  while  in  the  other,  as  first  shown  by  the  great 
anatomist  Johannes  MuUer,  the  lower  end  of  the  trachea  is  specially 
modified  to  form  an  organ  of  voice.  In  the  present  volume  the 
forms  belonging  to  the  first  of  these  sections  {Oligomyodas)  are 
treated  of.  They  are  here  arranged  in  nine  families,  the  first  five 
of  which  belong  exclusively  to  the  New  World,  while  the  last  four 
are  restricted  to  the  three  Southern  regions  of  the  Old  World. 

In  dealing  with  the  five  Neogean  families — Tyrannidce,  Oxy- 
rJuimjiMfJof,  Pij}rid€P^  Cotinyidce,  and  Phytotomidoi — I  have  followed 
throughout,  with  very  few  exceptions,  the  divisions  and  arrange- 


ment  adopted  by  Kr.  Salvin  aod  myself  in  our  *  Noi 
Avium  Neotropicalium,'  published  in  1873-  It  would  1 
better,  iio  doubt,  in  some  respects  to  hare  attempted  a 
revision  of  these  groups  ;  but  I  felt  that  the  short  time  ai 
me  for  the  preparation  of  the  present  volume  and  the  com] 
little  leisure  I  had  to  devote  to  it  would  not  give  me  a 
performing  this  revision  satisfactorilj-.  This,  therefore, 
leave  to  some  younger  and  better  qualified  worker  to 
Nevertheless,  alter  sorting  the  large  material  belonging 
groups  now  in  the  Collection  of  the  British  Museum,  and 
them  into  the  order  of  the  '  Nomenctator,'  1  feel  tha' 
accomplished  a  not  unsatisfactory  piece  of  work,  and  one 
enable  the  ornithologist  of  the  future,  who  may  wish  to  tak 
a  real  monograph  of  thcso  difficult  groups,  to  start  w: 
greater  advantage.  For  myself  I  am  content  to  have  pro^ 
a  monograph,  but  a  catalogue. 

The  total  number  of  siwcimons  of  Mcsomyodian  Paseei 
Collection  of  the  British  Uueoum,  as  enumerated  in  th' 
volume,  is  7b60.  These  I  have  referred  to  665  species,  lea 
;}8  species  recog:nizcd  as  probably  valid,  but  unrepresent 
Collection.  The  scries  of  specimens  is  generally  very  com] 
the  range  of  the  species  is  in  most  cases  admirably  shuv 
localities  afBsed  to  them.  For  this  very  valuable  fei 
Museum  is  niainly  indebted  to  the  Salvin-Oodman  Collecl 
its  unrivalled  set  of  speeimene  directly  obtaiued  from  the  i 


INTttODrCTION.  IX 

Mr.  Ridgway,  of  the  U.S.  National  Museum,  Washington,  has 
rendered  me  material  assistance  in  working  out  some  of  the  genera 
of  the  same  difficult  group. 

Finally,  I  must  again  ask  to  he  allowed  to  record  the  great 
obligations  which  I  am  under  to  Messrs.  Salviu  and  Godman,  who 
have  permitted  me  to  remove  to  my  own  rooms  and  examine  the 
whole  of  their  specimens  before  transferring  them  to  the  British 
Museum.  This  great  boon  has  materially  lightened  my  labours  in 
the  composition  of  the  present  volume,  and  the  same  kind  indulgence 
has  been  shown  to  mo  as  regards  the  remainder  of  the  Mosomyodiun 
Passeres,  which  are  to  be  catalogued  in  the  next  volume. 

P.  L.  SCLATEK. 

3  IlanuTer  Square. 
May  12,  1888. 


SYSTEMATIC    INDEX. 


Order  PASSERIFORxMES.    i 
Suborder  PASSERES. 

Division  MESOMYODL 

Subdiv.  OLIGOMYOD^.  | 

Fam.  I.  T  Y  R  a  n  n  i  d  jr. 
Subfam.  I.  T-sniopterinjs. 

Page 

1 .  Ajmomis,  Gould    4  j 

i:  Uvida,  JTitt/. 4 

2.  striata,  Gould   5 

3.  andecola,  d'Orh 0 

4.  moDtana,  d'Orh.  et  Lafr.  0 

5.  m9,r\i\miij  iVOrh.et  La fi\  (3 

6.  pollens,  Scl. 7 

7.  insolens,  Scl.  Sf  Salv,    .  .  7 

8.  solitaria,  Scl 7 

2.  Myiothoretes,  Reivhenb.     . .  8 

1 .  rufiventris,  Vieill. 8 

2.  erythropygiiL<»,  Scl 0 

3.  striaticollis,  ScL    9 

3.  TaBnioptera,  Bp 10 

1.  neiigeta,  Lhm 11 

2.  coronata,  Vieill.    12 

3.  velata,  Licht 12 

4.  dominicana,  VieUl 13 

/>.  irupero,  Vieill. 13 

0.  holospodia,  Scl 14 

7.  pyrope,  KitU.    16 

8.  murina,  d'Orh 15 

\).  rubetra,  Burm 16 

4.  (Jcbthodiceta,  Cab.  et  Hein. .  16 

1.  fumimitus,  Boisa 17 

2.  lugubrifl,  Berl, 17 

3.  pignatas,  Tacz 17 

4.  fusco-rufus,  Sd.  et  Salv.  18 

5.  OchthcBca,  Cab. 18 

1 .  fumiculor,  Scl 19 

2.  superciliosa,  Sci.  et  Salv.  19 


Pa«e 

3.  oenanthoides,   d'Orh.    et 

Lafr 20 

4.  polionota,  Scl.  et  Salv. . .  20 

5.  leucometopa,  Scl.  et  Salv,  21 
0.  leucopbr}'?,    d'Orh.    et 

Lafr 21 

7.  albidiema,  Lafr 22 

8.  citrinifrons,  Scl.    22 

9.  pulcbella,  Scl.  et  Salv. . .  22 

10.  rufipectoralis,  d'Orh.   et 

Lafr 23 

11.  lessoni,  &/ 23 

12.  poliogastra,     Salv.     et 

Godm 24 

13.  cinnamomeiventris,Zii/r.  24 

14.  thoracica,  Tacz 25 

15  nigrita,  Scl.  et  Salv 25 

10.  saivini,  Tacz 25 

17.  rutimarpninata,  Later.  . .  25 

18.  diadema,  Hartl.    26 

19.  gratiosa,  Scl 26 

6.  Mecocerculus,  Scl. 27 

1.  leucophrj's,    d'Orh.     et 

Lafr 27 

2.  uropygialis,  Lawr 28 

3.  stictopterus,  Scl. 28 

4.  calopterus,  Scl 29 

5.  poecilocercus,  Scl.  et  Salv.  29 

6.  consobrinus,  BerL    30 

7.  Ocbthornis,  Scl. 31 

1.  littoralis,  Felz 31 

8.  Sayomis,  Bp 32 

1.  pallida,  Sic 32 

2.  nigricans,  Sw 33 

3.  aquatica,  Scl.  et  Salt\  . .  33 

4.  cineracea,  Lafr 34 

9.  Fluvicola,  Sw 85 

1.  pica,  Bodd.    35 

2.  albiventris,  Spia- 36 

3.  climacura,  Vieill 36 

4.  atripennis,  Scl. 37 


10.  Arundinicoln,  rfOib 

1,  iBUciJceiihaln,  Li%m 

11.  AlectruruB,  Vieill.    

1.  tricolor,  VieUl. 

2.  risoriuR,  VifM 

13.  Cybpnietes.  Cob.  et  Hem.. 
1 .  yetHpH,  Vieill 

!a  Sisi.pvgia,  Cab.  el  Htin. . . 

1.  icttTojibrjB,  VieiU.   .... 

14.  t'lii  p()lL-piis,  Suit 

].comntue,X«'(ft(.     

2.  nigenimus,  r«i».    

3.  aterrimus,  Kaup   

4.  Bnthracious,  Heine  .... 
fi.  budiKim,  Set. 

6.  cyanirorttia,  Vieill.  .... 

7.  imicolur,  Knap 

».  piuillue,  Sd.  et  Salv.    . . 

0.  orenoceiuia,  Bert.     .  , . . 

10.  cttbauisi,  Sfhttiz 

ll.cinereuB,  5,1.     

15.  Ijclieoupa,  Sund. 

1.  perspicillatB,  Gm 

lU.  Muscipipra,  Laa 

1.  velula,  Licht 

17.  Copurus,  StrieU. 

1 ,  coloaui,  Vieill. 

2.  leucoaotus,  Lafr. 

18.  Mdchetornis,  Gray 

l.riioua,  ViHU.    

ID.  Muecisaxicola,     d'Orb.     H 

I^P 

1,  albifrOEs,  Ttch 

'2.  aliiinft,  Jard. 


Subfam.  II.  Platykh 

22.  Plntyrbynchiia,  Det 

1.  Tostratus,  Lath. 


5.  caticrominus,  &J. 

6.  ftlbogiUaris,  Sd. 

7.  myaiaceuB,  Vieill. 

8.  coronatua,  Sd.  . . 

8.  snperciliiuia,  Xnu 

23.  Todirostrum,  Lett. 

2.  Bclateri,  Cab.  tt  I 

3.  chiyadcrotapliuiu, 

4.  polKicepbultim,  Jh 

5.  nijmceps,  Sd.    . . 

6.  calciptemm,  Sd. 

7.  pulchellum.  Sd. 
C.  gTitlfttum,  Pfb., . 

9.  maculBtum,  Deeri 

10.  sitTDBtuDi,  SeL  et 

11.  BchistAceiccps,  Sc 

13.  picatum,  Scl, 

1.3.  capitale,  Sd. 

14.  tTificepa,  Kaup  . . 
16.  rufigiine,  Sd.  et  S 
16.  Iwjsi,  Bert.    .... 

24.  OniMistoiriB,  Scl.     .  . 

1.  nDere^niIaJ¥,  &/. 

2.  ollTaceuu],  Later. 
35.  Euscnrllimiis,  Miu: 

nidip.'tidujiifi.  Ma 


BT8TGMATIC  IKDEX. 


sni 


Page 

29.  Lophotriccu8,  Berl lS5 

1 .  spicifcr,  Lafr 87 

2.  squamicristatus,  Lafr, . .  87 

30.  OrchUus,  Cab 88 

3 .  auricularis,  VieilL     ....  88 

2.  ecaudatas,  d^Orb.  et  Lafr,  80 

3.  atricapillus,  Lawr 80 

31.  Colopterus,  Cab 00 

1.  pilaris,  Cab 00 

2.  fraleatus,  Bodd 01 

32.  Hemitricciis,  Cab.  et  Hein,  01 
1.  diops,  Temm 01 

3:5.  i'hylloscartefl,  Cab.  et  Hein.  02 

1 .  ventralia,  Temm 02 

34.  Ilapalocercus,  Cab 03 

1 .  mfiloryphufl.  Max 03 

2.  fulvicVps,  Scl,    04 

3.  flftviventris,     d'Orb.    et 

Lafr 04 

4.  acutipennivS,  Sd.  et  Salv,  05 

35.  Habrura,  Cab.  et  Hein.  . .  00 
1.  pectoralis,  Vieill, 0(5 

30.  Culicivora,  Sw 07 

1.  stenura,  Temm 07 

37.  Pogonotriccus,Ca6.  c^lTem.  07 

1.  eximius,  Temm     08 

2.  ophthalmicus,  Tacz,     . .  08 

3.  gualaquizae,  Scl.    JO 

4.  plumlxjiceps,  iMwr 00 

3><.  I^*ptotriccus,  Cab.  et  Hein.  00 

1 .  sylviiila,  Licht 00 

2.  superciliaris,      Scl.       et 

Salv 100 

;tfl.  Stigniatura.  Sd,  et  Salv.  .  .  100 

1.  budvtoides,     d^Orb.    et 

Lafr.    100 

2.  flrtvo-cinerea,  Burm.    .  .  101 

40.  Serphophapra,  Gould 101 

1.  subcristata,  Vieill.   ....  102 

2.  albogrist'a,  Scl,  et  Salv.  103 

3.  cinerea,  Strickl,    103 

4.  hvpoleuca,  Scl.  etSalv. . .  104 

5.  nifrricans,  Vieill. 104 

r>.  subflava,  Scl.  et  Salv.  .  .  lOo 

7.  parvirofttris,  Gould  ....  105 

41.  Ansert'tes,  Beirhenb 100 

1.  imrulns,  KUtl. 106 

2.  fernaiulezianua,  Phil.   . .-  107 

3.  albofTLstatus,  Vit/ 107 

4.  llavirustris,  Scl.  et  Salv.  108 
r>.  agili.«*,  iSc/ 108 

Subfam.  III.  E  la  inking. 

42.  Cyanotis,  StP 100 

1.  azara?,  Licht 110 


Page 

43.  Mionectes,  Cab Ill 

1.  striaticollis,     d'Orb,     qt 

Lafr Ill 

2.  olivaceus,  Lawr 112 

3.  oloagineiis,  Licht 112 

4.  rufiventris,  Z?V?Af 114 

44.  Leptopo^on,  Cab 114 

1.  superciliaris,  Cab 1 15 

2.  minor,  Tacz 115 

3.  poeoilotis,  Scl.   116 

4.  godniani,  Scl,   110 

5.  pileatus,  Scl. 1 1($ 

0.  amauroc^phalus,  Cab.  . .   117 

7.  triatis,  iSc/ 118 

8.  oustaleti,  Scl.    118 

0.  flavovirena,  Lawr 110 

10.  erythrope,  Scl 110 

1 1.  uijrrifroua,  Salv.  etGodm.  110 

45.  Capsiempis,  Cah.  et  Hein.  120 

1.  tlave(>la,  Licht 120 

2.  orbitalis,  Cab 121 

40.  Phyllomyiaa,  Cid).  et  Hein.  121 

1.  breviroatris,  Spi.v 121 

2.  burmeist  eri,  Cab.  et  Hein.  1 22 

3.  griaeocapilla,  Lafr 122 

4.  berlep'^chi,  Scl. 123 

47.  Myiopatis,  Cab.  et  Hein,.  .    123 

1.  semifusca,  Scl. 123 

2.  tunibezana,  Tacz 124 

48.  Omithion,  Hartl 126 

1.  iuerme,  Hartl. 12o 

2.  pusillum,  Cab.  et  Hein.  120 

3.  imberbe,  Scl 120 

4.  obsoletum,  Temm.    ....  127 
40,  Tvrannulua,  Vieill 128 

1.  elatus,  Lath 128 

2.  semitiavua,  Scl.  et  Salv.  120 

3.  brunneicnpillus, Ztf/rr.. .   120 

50.  Tyrauniscua,  Cab.  et  Hein.  130 

1.  nigricapillua,  Lafr 131 

2.  cinereicepa,  Scl 131 

3.  vilia^imua,  6V./.  et  Salv.  132 

4.  parvus,  Lain' 13:> 

5.  improbus,  Scl.  et  Salv. . .  133 
0.  jzracilipes,  Scl.  et  Salv..  .  133 

7.  acer,  Salv.  et  Godm.    . .   133 

8.  griaoicepa,  *SV*/.  et  Salv. . .   134 

0.  bolivianiia,  a' Orb 134 

10.  chrysopg,  Sr/ 13.5 

11.  leuco«ronys,  Scl.  et  Salv.  130 

51.  Elainea,  Sioid 136 

1.  paprnna,  Licht I37 

2.  ridloyana,  Sharpe I39 

3.  prigas,  St^l I40 

4.  martini(  a,  Linn 141 

5.  al biceps,  irOrb.  et  Lafr,  141 


6.  strepera,  Cab 143 

7.  hypuipodia,  Scl 144 

8.  tftMiiiiowski,  Bcrl,   .  , ,  .  144 

0.  leuco^ditt,  Tacz.    144 

10.  frantzi],  Lawr. 145 

11.  olivioB,  SiiJ«.  a  Qodra.  140 

12.  pnllatMi^rffi,  Si'f.   U(S 

la  feilax,  Set.     147 

14.  placeiM,  Sd. 14d 

IB.subplwens,  &i    149 

16,  eolta,  Gone 14B 

17.  giiimardi,  if  Or*. 150 

la  flavivertei,  Sd 1,61 

19.  canic«pa,  Sw 151 

20.  TuficApfl,  Pelx.    1-'j2 

21.  obscam,  Lafr.  tt  ttOrb.  152 
S2.  mesulfucn,  aTA.ef.Betn.  153 

23.  areDnnun,  S<th.    153 

24.  affinis,  Bnvta 154 

m.  Eoipidngm,  Cab.  tt  Htiit.  154 

l.Buirin,  VitiU.  164 

2.  bceviroatria,  Tith 155 

M.  Legatiie,  Scl.    135 

1.  albicoUis,  Vieitl. 155 

£4.  8ubl«nCu8.  Sd.  a  Salt.  . .  157 

1.  sbiSer,  Sid.  ft  Sato 157 

2.  grigeoculnriB,  &/.  f <  ^loiiT.  158 
S.  plat;  rhjnch  LIS,     Scl.    et 

SJv.    158 

'Vi.  Mj>ioEeIeteii,  SeJ. 150 

1.  erythroptoniB,  Lafr.    ,  .  159 

2.  caveaneiisis,  Zi'nn 160 

3.  sitiiilis,  Spi-r IBl 

4.  tPXerWH,  Oiratid lit.' 


58.  Pitanjjus,  Sie 

1 .  derbinnus,  Kaup 

2.  BH!|)huratuB,  Lin 

5.  boliTiBiius,  Lafr. 

4.  lictor,  Lieht 

6.  parvua,  /Wz 

0.  AlbovittAtUE,  Lat 

7.  CBudifoanatua,  if 

5.  babamendB,  Biy 
9.  taykiri,  Su»d.   . . 

10.  i^Dbi,  Lafor.. . .  . 
50.  Siryates,  Cab.  H  H, 

1.  Bibilator,  Vitill. 

2.  albocineTeua,  Sul. 
a,  albog^aeiis,  Lait 

CO.  Myiodj-nastes,  Bp. 
l.mUiseQtriB,  Sp. 

2.  DobiliB,  S(i.  

3.  auddx,  Gm 

4.  BolilariuB,  Vigilt. 

5.  bairdi,  Gnmh.  . 
(t.  chiyBocephalun, 
7.  hemiclirjBiis,  Ca 

Subfftm.  IV.  Tyh.. 
61.  M^rhyncbus,  TA 

1.  pitanf^ua,  Linn. 
02.  Musctvora,  Cvv.   . 

1.  repia,  Gm 

2.  awainsoiii,  Peb, 


4.  ocddeDtHiii>,  Sri. 

63.  Hiruii'liiieft,(rOrB. 

1.  fernijfiiieii,  Otii. 


SYSTBMlTrC  INDRX. 


XV 


Page 

15.  pulchep,  Sd. 207 

16.  bellus,  Scl 207 

1 7.  subochraceus,  Scl.    ....  208 

18.  roraimffiy  Salo.  et  Godm,  208 

19.  naBvius,  Bi»dd, 20J) 

20.  crypterythnw,  ScL  ....  210 

21.  crjptoxanthus,  Scl. ....  211 
00.  PyrocephaluB,  Oauld 211 

1.  rubineus,  Bodd 211 

2.  mexicanus,  ScL    213 

3.  nanus,  Gould    214 

4.  ob.scurus,  Gould 213 

07.  Empidochanes,  Sc^ 216 

1 .  fu8catu8,  Max 21(5 

2.  fringillarifl,  Pelz 216 

3.  arenaceus,  Scl.  et  Sola. . .  217 

4.  poecilurus,  Scl. 217 

5.  salvini,  Sd 218 

68.  Mitrephanea,  Couen 218 

1.  phasocercusy  Scl. 219 

2.  aurantiiventris,  Later. . .  210 

3.  ochraceiventris,  Cab.  . .  220 

4.  cai^italis,  Sale 220 

5.  atriceps,  Salr 220 

69.  Empidonax,  Cah 221 

1.  fulvifronfi,  Girattd    222 

2.  albigularis,  Scl.  tt  Salv.  223 

3.  bimaculatus,  d'Orb.    et 

Lafr 224 

4.  oliva,  Bodd 224 

5.  griaeipectus,  Laivr 22o 

0.  pusillus,  Sw 225 

7.  traiUi,  And. 226 

8.  ridg;«^ayi,  Scl.   227 

9.  minimus,  Baird   227 

10.  acadicus,  Gm 228 

11.  difficiUs,  Baird 221) 

12.  flaviventris,  Baird 230 

13.  bairdi,  Scl 230 

14.  salvini,  Bidgw 231 

15.  flavescens,  iMwr 231 

16.  hammondi,  De  Vesey  . .  232 

17.  obscurus,  Sw 232 

70.  Lawrencia,  Ridgtc 233 

1.  nana,  Lawr 233 

71.  Contopus,  Cab 234 

1.  borealis,  Sw 234 

2.  pertinax,  Cab.  et  Hein.  .  236 

3.  lugubris,  Lawr 236 

4.  brachyrhynchus,  CWi.  . .  236 

5.  ardesiacus,  Lafr 237 

6.  ochraceus,  Sd.  et  Salv. . .  237 

7.  virens,  Linn 238 

8.  richardsoni,  Sic 239 

9.  brachvtarsus,  Scl 240 


Page 

72.  Blacicus,  Cab 241 

1.  b.iham)nsis,  Bn/ant     . .  242 

2.  caribiBUs,  d  Orb 242 

3.  hispaniolensis,  Bryant . .  242 

4.  pallid  us,  Gosati 243 

5.  olancoi,  Gundl.    243 

6.  brunneicapillus,  Lawr.  .  243 

7.  latiroatris,  Verr 244 

8.  barbiroatris,  Sw 244 

73.  Myiochanes,  Cab.  et  Hein.  245 

1.  cinereus,  SpLc 245 

2.  nigrescens,  Scl.  et  Salv. .  246 

74.  Myiarchus,  Cab 246 

1.  crinitus,  Linn 247 

2.  cinerascens,  Lawr 248 

3.  nuttingi,  Bidffw 250 

4.  mexicanus,  Kanp     ....   250 

5.  tyrannulus,  Miill.     ....   251 

6.  validus,  Cab 252 

7.  ferox,  Gm.    ...    253 

8.  cephalotes,  Tacz 254 

9.  pelzelni,  Berl. 255 

10.  phjeonotus,      Salv.       et 

Godm 255 

11.  phaeocephalus,  Scl 255 

12.  apicalis,  Scl.  et  Salv.    .  .   256 

13.  lawrencii,  Giraud    ....  256 

14.  nigricapilluH,  Scl 257 

15.  nigriceps,  Scl 258 

16.  atriceps,  Cab 250 

17.  tricolor,  Pelz 259 

18.  yucatanensis,  Lawr.     . .  260 

19.  dominicensis,  Bryant  .  .  2(i0 

20.  stolidus,  Go88e 260 

21.  sagrae,  Gundl 261 

22.  antillarum,  Bryant 202 

23.  niagnirostris,  Gray  ....   262 

24.  flaminulatus,  Lfiwr.     .  .  263 

25.  semirufus,  Scl 263 

75.  Empidia^s,  Cab.et  hein.. .  264 
1.  fuscufl,  Gm 26)4 

76.  Empidonomus,      Cab.     et 

Hein 2a5 

1 .  van  us,  Vieill.    265 

2.  aurantio-atro-cri«tatus, 

d'Orb.  et  Lafr 266 

77.  Tyrannus,  Cuv 267 

1.  pipiri,  VieiU 267 

2.  verticalis,  Say 2(  9 

3.  vociferans,  Sic 269 

4.  niveipularis,  Sd 270 

5.  crassirostris,  Stc 271 

6.  griseus,  VieiU 271 

7.  rostratus,  Sd.   i>73 

8.  niagnirotitris,  d'Orb.     .  .  273 

9.  molancholicus,  Vieill.  .  .  273 


XTi                                                         8T8TBMAT1C  IMHEX. 

Pae6 

10,  npolitep,  Cab.rt  Hein.. 

1 1 .  nlbnf^iloriti.  Burnt.   . . . 

i^» 

13.  flererm,  Lim. 

2715 

14.  suayiBsiniQ, 

7H.  Milviilus,  titcititu.    

Godm 

1.  tvrannus,  Z(«» 

277 

16.  leucorrhua,  Se. 

2.  f;>rficftlu8,  Gm 

■llVi 

17.  natterert,  Sd. 

18.  vireiwens,  Pth 

Fftm.  II.  OxvnHAMPHin.E. 

10.  Neopipti,  Scl.  et 

im 

■isi 

11,  Mttchseroptcrus, 

2.  frater,  Sel.  et  Salv.   . . . 

2S1 

1.  tBKulUB,  Uahn 

3.  UjTiORlaucuB,     SaU.     ft 

2.  Btnolalus,  Bor, 

Fodm 

283 

4.  aelici.<»i8,  m. 

Fam.ni.  ripnir>.«. 
S^ubfam.  I.  rii'iiiKJS. 

12.  ChiroKipliU.  Cai 
1.  pareuin,  Litm. 
•2.  regina,  Xiitt. 

1.  Pipriten,  Cah 

iW3 

■A  latlo;okla,  W. 

l.pileatus,  Temm 

284 

4.  linearis,  Boaai 

3.  chloris,  Temm 

2H4 

r>.  caudate,  ShniB 

a.  techu^i.  OA 

2fa 

13.  IlB!icurn,&J.  .. 

4.  chlorion,  Cah 

2iS5 

5.  griBCTceps,  Sate 

2'^ 

a,  CUoropipo,  Cfrf-.e/fl^in.. 
1.  fla^apilla,  &i.    

SMI 

1 .  maOHcus,  Zuiii 

ms 

2.  ^tturostt,  Dn 

3.  unitonnis,  Siii?.  et  Godn 

286 

■3.  candKi,  Parsu 

3.  holoeWora.  Scl 

287 

4.  flnvaola,  Caen. 

3.  Xenopipo,  Cab. 

287 

n.  vitellina.  Goul 

1.  atrimitonB,  Cab 

287 

».  (lurantiaca,  Sa, 

2W 

7.  corona  ta,  Boui 

1.  cornutfl,  .^r    

288 

2.  iraciuidB,  Salv.  et  Godm 

288 

Subfiini.  II.  Ptil. 

fl.  Cirrliopipltt,  Bimap 

2811 

15.  I'tiloohloris.  Sm 

l.lilicBudfl,  S/iit 

2811 

\.!«\nmaa.U\.,Md. 

L'.  heterocerca,  Sd. 

289 

2.  liucklevi.  Scl.  < 

gietSMiTlC  INItBZ. 


FUD.  IV.    COTIMGIDf. 

Subfkm.  I.  TiTYBiKs. 

1.  'ntyra,  rieill.    3aS 

1.  (vynna,  Linii 328 

2.  bmdliensis,  Saaiiu.     . .  829 

3.  jptnifasciata,  ^kt    ....  330 

4.  inqniutoT,  Ltcht 331 

6.  alUtorqne»,Z>H6iw  ....  332 

5.  nodrnatoiuus,  (ii&.  et  Beta.  3aS 

1.  atrirapiUuB.  VieiU.   ....  3*3 

2.  niger,  Omel. 334 

3.hi.ni..i-lir.iua,  5f7. a(4 

4.  alblvL'utiis.  Later 335 

6.  aglun,  Lq/r.    335 

6.  imiKH-,  Leu. a37 

8.  PatbTrhamphiL'.,  Gray 337 

J.  vi(idi.s,  Vi^ 338 

2.  griaeigiiiiaia,     Salp.     et 

Oedm. S39 

a  TeniccdoT,  Hartt 330 

4.  suiiiiHinuB,  Liim 340 

6.  cinpitua,  Bodd.     341 

6.  Bpodiuras,  SfI. Wl 

7.  ciuoamoiiieua,  Zaipr.   ..  IMS 

5.  rnfus,  Budd.     343 

9.  niger,  ^ix    »4.1 

10. 4?meraiT«Dtrifl,  &!J.    ....  S14 

11.  polvchropterus,  Viria..  .  34ft 

12.  msjor,  Cab 340 

13.  albo!rri.5eii5,  .Sri.   »47 

14.  fttricapilliM,  Gmti.    347 

Subfom.  II.  hiBKCGisx. 

A.  Cbiroevllft,  Sri.  et  Sain.     .  ,   .34» 

1.  ur()pT[rialis,  Set.  et  Salv.  ^'>0 

6.  lAtlriu,'  Swaim Sm 

l.taxoaaen^Lafr.  350 

2.  Tinissu.  Pei=.      Sol 

3.  nlumbea,  Licht 351 

4.  einerea,  Fw^tf. 352 

6.  alrvptophorn,     Salr.     et 

Godm STiS 

6.  unirul'a,  Sel.    353 

7.  snbnltirk,  Set.    353 

%.  crvptolopha,  Scl.  et  Sain.  354 

6.  Aiilia,  lioTtap 3-)4 

1.  hvpopnrbB,  J'itiB.  ....   354 

2.  rafcscens,  .Scl aV> 

7.  Ljpannriis,  Boif  3-JO 

1.  aimplei,  iiWiC 3iW 

2.  imDiundiis,  Sel.  et  Sah.  357 

5.  bolerythnu,  &/.  H  Salv.  367 
TOU  irv. 


SubfuD.  III.  Attilina. 

F«r* 

8.  Attila,  Let*.    358 

1.  bmUienaie,  Leu. 359 

2.  ur,>]ivj.-i«lH,  Cak. 360 

3.  tLpoilio^u-tliUB,    Salv.    et 

Ooilm 360 

4.  Bclateri,  Lavr 861 

&.  citreopvKiuB,  Bmtap,    . ,  301 

6.  coiuaiefie,  JUdgK.   , ...  302 

7.  apadioeua,  GmtL 362 

8.  einereiw,  GmW.    303 

8.  dtriniteiitria,  &i     ....  363 

10.  validus,  iVi.    364 

11.  tbamniphiloideB,  Am.  .  864 

12.  torridus,  SW. 305 

0.  CMi(.TDi.-,  £(-nop 365 

l.nihrn,  Vifill. 385 

2.tMMaL,Sel.HSait.    ....  306' 

Subfam.  IV.  Rfficolinx. 

10.  Phcenicucercas,  Cab. 307 

1.  camifex.  ii'ii/t 367 

a.  QigTicoUJs,  .VimiW. 308 

11.  RupicolH,  Britt.    ;(«0 

1.  crocea,  VifM.    300 

2.  peruviana,  Lath 370 

3.  uuiguinokaU,  Ouuld  . .  371 

Siibfam.  V.  Cotinoinjb. 

12.  Phibalura,  VieSi. 372 

l.tlnvin^lm,  VieiU.    ....  372 

13.  Ti>imi,i«<8 373 

1.  Jii)p^,  Lxu. ■373 

14.  ,\iupelion   Cah.    373 

1.  i^ucullatus,  Sicaina. 374 

2.  mclanocephaliia,  5i(»ii>)(.  374 

3.  BTcmtus,  Lafr 375 

4.  tinctus,  Ttehudi 375 

15.  I'ipri>i)1a,  Swains 370 

1.  riefferi,  Boitt 377 

ii.  iae\aiialieaiB,,  Scl. 377 

3.  Tiridiu,  d'Orb.  el  La/r.  378 

4.  formoaa,  IfarU.    378 

5.  frontalis,  Scl.    379 

6.  s-liiim.  fwn 370 

7.  aurcipeetus,  La/r 3&i 

8.  luboDiirskii,  Taa 3dO 

9.  jucunda,  AW. 381 

I'J.  flegnne,  T$chuM 381 

11.  wliiU-lji,  6Wp,  et  Godm.  381 

10.  Cotinga,  Briu Sf«2 

1.  Memlea,  VieiU. 382 

2.  cinct*.  KhM 333 

3.  niiinbilis,  Gould    384 

4.  ridgvayi,  '£eledon 384 


srsmiTic  DSKx. 


5.  eapoLW,  Lmu.   ^ 

&  D^Ifftfi.  Ahm.    3i& 

7.  taanaat,  Limm.    3f« 

M>.  puTOiijtP<Knw,    &<!.    tt 

17.  Xiphokm, '(%«n- S^ 

1. poai|«doni,  Lmn.     ..-  .   3^7 

2:  aitmiiuyuw,  Jtf«r. SftS 

3.  lameSJpenm.",  2^ 3^' 

le.  CwtndecteK.  St/k   -t^ 

l.n£d»»,&fc.    *« 

3  uioa«,  £k/7V.  W» 

181  IXJi™i*.  Toe.   3110 

1.  Bclateri,  Tac:.   :») 

aD.H*lJo<-l>tr»,itF£,'wf«   ■-     300 
I.  rabrocii-tBU,   if  Or*,  rf 

J^/r. 300 

iroiudUa,  T^k. 3H1 

51.  ImJutJeoni,  £<«. »« 

I.HVn.£^    .- SK; 

S.  tvniftTgia.  .S»*,     .....   SKI 

S.  u«t»I&.  JWrorf. 3PS 

1.  (b*e»,  r«^a 3ie 

aa  CalTrtum.  .^dTBOM 3SM 

1.  mtlata,  IWfl. .    . ,  .    .     3!>J 


:!S.  Ibeiuatoilfnw.  Bimap.. . 

1.  mUiinrif,  Lath. 

34.QiietTil».  IffJi.    .nm 

1 .  cnienta,  Bodit. 3i*i 

■  "i.  Prro-ienu,  ftray  . 


3i'5 


2.  aairustiiiwtTk.  t 

Lefr. 

S-Tudli,  VieHL     . 
4.  niiiuiBcBi,  roe: 


I.  Fliilewtta.  Gra#-. 


Fam-  \1L  P 1 1 
1.  AnthadncU,  fifjrfJ 

1.  pbBTrii,  £^ 
a  Pitta,  Ti-iH.    .... 

1.  oipalen^  H"^ 

4.  csEnile*,  Rajlfi 
a,  cjaiiai,  Bfylh 
I),  maxioia,  .Vti//. 
7.  cjftnopiera,  Trt 

9.  AOlMl^llfU,  Vie 
1(1.  brerhyura.  Xin 
1 1.  Dymplia,  Tnan 
\±  iK-rta-.  tinltad. 

13.  -viponri,  GouW 

14.  pL'ndiiiia.  GoH, 
IG.  irena.  Tnarn. 


17.  sbvpitau^  7Wi 


SYSTEMATIC    IKDEX. 


IIX 


Pai?e 

40.  steerii,  Sharpe 442 

41.  cucullata,  Hartl 442 

42.  iris,  Gouid 444 

4.3.  baudi,  Miifi  et  Schley..  .  444 

3.  Eucichla,  Cah.  et  Hem 445 

1.  cvaaura,  Bodd 445 

2.  schwantri,  Bonap 44(i 

3.  boschi.  MiiU.  H  Srhletf. .  .  447 

4.  ellioti,  OH'it *    .  .  44H 

5.  ^'urneyi,  Jlnnte .  448 

4.  Coracopitta,  Srlater  44l> 

1.  liigiibri.-',  Schley 44J) 


Fain.  VIII.  X  K  N  I  c  I  j>  x.. 

1.  Acanthidoditta,  BnlU-r   ....   451 

I.  chloris,  Gray    451 

2.  Xonicus,  (rray    4o2 

1 .  loiijripe",  Gn\*'l A'rl 

•J.  srilnventris,  Pelz -\')'d 


Fam.  IX.    E  U  R  Y  T.  ,13  M  I  D  JE. 
Subfam.  I.    CALYPT(iMKNINiE. 

1.  Calyptomena,  liqffl 4^5 

1.  viridis,  Raffl 456 

2.  whitelieadi,  Sharpe  ....  457 

Subfam.  II.  Ei:iiyl.kmina2. 

2.  Psarisomus,  Swains 458 

1 .  dalboiisiae,  Jayneson  ....  458 

3.  Serilophua,  Stcains 4r»0 

1.  lunatus,  Gould 460 

2.  rubropyjrius,  Httdys.     .  .  4(51 

4.  Sarcophanops,  Sharpe      . . .  462 

1.  steerii,  Sharfte 462 

5.  Eurj'lajiiius,  llornf.    463 

1.  javauicus,  Ilorfif. 4rv{ 

2.  ochroinelas,  Raffl 4(>5 

0.  Corjdoii,  Leas 466 

1.  .«<umatnunL^,  UaM 4(»i5 

7.  Cvmborhvnehus,  Vw 46^ 

1.  niacrorhynchuf*,  Gmel.  .  4P>S 

2.  affinifl,  tilufh 470 


Pnp-    '£i,  lilK  S2.  tor  "n/bi/rfU"  mwi  "rtfbiduaar 

„  Wi    I.      ■!, /w  "Sericophiltt"  ivarf  "  SrrKoplila." 

„  5Sl    »  Ifi,^  "  mucoliroalriB"  r«irf '■mimilirostris" 

,  06,'  ~  lB,/<«""HapalocBru»'r«d"IIapttlowrcm." 

„  181),   .  2fl./w  ''MiL»cLca,p.2C7,''ei>rf"MiLTL-i.i;B,  p.  ? 

_  358.   „  ST./ar  "Attila,  p.  35fl,"  tifsrf"  Attila,  p.  ai>B." 

.,  362,    „  25,  for  ••  atrcapygna"  read  "  citTHpyfns.' 

„  +J9,    _  15,  for"jtfriam/rtfra'reaii"ConictjiiWa." 

,.  458.    ..  25,/iir  "Siniiis"  «#rf"Simu»." 


CATALOGUE 


OF 


BIRDS. 


Order  II.  PASSJERIFORMES 

(Cat.  B.  vol.  iii.  p.  1). 

Suborder  I.  PASSERES 

(Cat.  B.  vol.  iii.  p.  1). 

Division  II.    MESOMTODI. 

Intrinsic  muscles  of  the  voice-organ  affixed  at  or 
near  the  middle  of  the  bronchial  semi-rings. 

{Cf.  Garrod,  P.Z.S.  1876,  pp.  507,  517,  and  Sharpe,  Cat.  B. 
ToL  iii.  p.  3.) 

Scheme  of  Mesomyodian  Fasseres, 

SuBSiY.  1. — Lower  end  of  trachea  not  modi- 
fied ;  syrinx  as  in  the  OscineSy  but  with 
a  lesser  number  of  singing-muscles  ....  OLIOOMYODS 

[(Vol.  xiv.). 

SvBDiv.  2. — Lower   end  of  trachea  modified  

to  form  an  organ  of  voice TRACHEOPHONJB 

[(VoL  XV.). 

VOL.  XIV.  B 


Subdivision  I.  OLIGOMYOD^. 

A.  Plantar  vmcnlnm  lost;  mannbrium 

forked  {EleKtherodaetyli,  Forbes  •). 

a.  Tarans  exaspidean. 

a'.  Toes  nearly  free  (aa  in  the  OsctHM). 

r  Bill  incurred,  hooked  ....    1.  TyraiUiidA,  p.  2. 

\  Bill  Btraight,  pointed    2.  Oxyrhamplude,] 

h'.  ToeB  more  or  loss  united 3.  Pipridn,  p.  282. 

b.  Tarens  pycnaapidean. 

r  Bill  elongated,  compressed,  not 

\      serrated 4.  Cotingidte,  p.  32 

[  BUI  short,  conical,  serrated  . .  5.  PliTtotoinidie,  p. 

c.  Tarsus  taxaspidean    6.  PhUepittids,  p. 

d.  Tarans  ocreatfi. 

f  Eectrices  12 7.  Kttida,  p.  411. 

\  Rectrices  10 8.  Zenicida,  p.  450 

B.  Plantar  vinculum  retained;  manubrium 

not  forkod  {pesmodaeti/li,  Forbes  •)  9.  SorylsmidiB,  p. 


Family  I.  TYRANNID^. 

The  Tyrannidm  or  I^rant-birds  are  a  large  and  much  i 
group,  numbering  over  400  species,  absolutely  restricted  to  tlu 
World,  or  Nearctic  and  Kootropical  Regions,  over  every  pf 
which  (except  the  extreme  arctic  portion)  they  are  distribut 
greater  or  less  abundance.  They  probably  perform  the 
function  in  the  economy  of  Nature  as  the  Maaeieapidce  or  trui 
catchers  in  the  Old  World,  although  they  belong  to  a  different 
of  the  Passerine   Order,  being  at   once   distinguishable    froc 


t.SNlOPTVBIK2.  3 

Keotropicalinm/  is  anything  more  than  provisional.  It  is  chiefly 
based  upon  that  of  the  veteran  ornithologist  Dr.  J.  Cabanis  of  Berlin, 
as  propounded  in  the '  Museum  Heineanum '  and  elsewhere.  Future 
anatomical  study  on  the  lines  pursaed  by  Garrod  and  Forbes  may 
eventually  succeed  in  giving  us  a  much  better  system  than  anything 
that  can  be  obtained  from  the  study  of  the  dried  skins. 

I  regret  to  say  that  I  have  quite  failed  in  my  attempt  to  draw  up 
anything  like  a  key  to  the  genera  of  Tyrannida  as  they  are  here 
arranged.  I  have  therefore  given  under  the  head  of  each  genus 
some  of  the  more  salient  points  by  which  its  members  may  be 
reoc^nized.  Even  as  regards  the  subfamilies,  I  can  only  offer  the 
following  rather  vague  sketch  of  what  I  conceive  to  bo  the  best  way, 
so  fiir  as  our  present  information  goes,  of  arranging  the  principal 
gronps,  which,  however,  must  be  regarded  as  purely  provisional. 

Key  to  the  Subfamilies, 

A.  Feet  strong;  tarsi  stout,  elongated; 

habits  more  or  less  terrestrial;  co- 
loration grey,  black,  and  white  ....  1.  T^NIOPTERINjE,  p.  3. 

B.  Feet  weak;  tarsi  thin;  forest-dwellers; 

coloration  olive  and  yellow.  [p.  64. 

a.  Bill  depressed ;  rictus  bristled  ....  2.  PLATYRHYNCHINJS, 

b.  Bill  compressed ;  rictus  smooth    . .  3.  ELAINEINM,  p.  109. 

C.  Feet  strong ;  tarsi  short  but  strong ; 

habits  arboreal,  but  frequenters  of 
more  open  spaces ;  coloration  olive, 
grey,  white,  and  yellow 4.  TYRANNINJE,  p.  189. 

SubfamUy  I.  T^NlOPTERINiE. 

The  Taniopterince  are  nearly  the  equivalent  of  the  group  called 
FluvicoLince  by  Swainson,  and  embrace  the  genera  with  strong, 
ambulatorial  feet,  that  frequent  open  spaces  and  sides  of  rivers,  and 
are  not  found  within  the  forests.  They  are  met  with  in  such 
situations  principally  in  Southern  America,  being  much  less  frequent 
north  of  Panama,  where  forms  of  Tyrannince  appear  to  take  their 
place,  and  being  only  represented  in  North  America  by  one  or  two 
species. 

Index  to  the  Oenera. 


1.  Agbiobnis,  p.  4.  I         12.  Cybkrnetes,  p.  40. 

2.  Myiothbbktes,  p.  8.  |         13.  Sisopygis,  p.  41. 

3.  T2BNI0PTKKA,  p<  10. 


4.  OCHTHODIiETA,  p.  16. 

5.  OCHTHCECA,  p.  18. 

6.  Mecockbculub,  p.  27. 

7.  OCHTHDBNIS,  p.  31. 

8.  Sayobkis,  p.  32. 

9.  Fluvicola,  p.  86. 

10.  ABUNnnncoLA,  p.  87. 

11.  AUBCTBUBUS,  p.  88. 


15.  LiCHENOPS,  p.  48. 

16.  MusciPiPBA,  p.  49. 

17.  CopURUS,  p.  60. 

18.  Machetobnis,  p.  62. 

19.  MUSCISAXICOLA,  p.  63. 

20.  Centbites,  p.  60. 

21.   MUSCIGBALLA,  p.  63. 

b2 


TTBUnriDJB. 


1.  AQRIORNK  * 
Agriomis,  Oould,  Zool.  Voy.  'Seagie,'  iii.  P. 
Tamnolanius,  Lea.  Sev.  Zool.  1839,  p.  138 


of  Agriomit  liviia. 

The  large  size  and  strong  hooked  heak  of  A^riomit  rendi 
eamlj  distinguuhable.  The  speiueB  are  found  in  the  And 
Ecuador  and  Peru,  descending  to  the  Bea-Ievel  in  Chili  and 
gonia. 

Agriornis  is  said  to  breed  among  the  rocks,  makiag  a 
cap-shaped  nest,  and  laying  white  brown-spotted  eggs,  like  ll^ 
the  European  Oriole  (c/.  Phil,  et  Landb.  Wii^m.  Arch.  1833,  p 
and  Tacz.  P.  Z.  8.  1874,  p.  532). 

Key  to  the  ^eeU». 

A.  Tul  below  blackish. 

a.  Laivei 1.  livida,  p.  4. 

b.  SmidleT : 

I  superciliaries  whitiah     2.  driata,  p.  I 

j  auperciliaries  yellowish 3.  emdtcola,  p. 

B.  Tail  below  with  apical  half  of  external  «-■---- 

white; 
I  liiritPr  . 


1.  AemoBNiB.  5 

Agriomia  gutturalis,  Gould,  mZool,  Voy,  ^ Beagle^  iii.  p.  58:  Fraser. 

P.  Z.  8. 1843,  p.  Ill  (ChiU). 
AgriomiB  livida,  Bp.  Qmsp.  L  p.  1&7 ;  ScL  Cat.  A,  B,  p.  196 ;  id, 

P.  Z.  8,  1867,  p.  325 ;  8d,  et  Salv,  Nomend,  p.  41 ;  ik  P.  Z.  S. 

1879,  p.  609 ;  Salv,  P.  Z.  iS.  1883,  p.  423. 
DasYcepnala  liirida,  Phil,  et  Landb,  Wiegm,  Arch,  1863,  i.  p.  134 ; 

Gay,  Hist,  de  ChiU,  Zool,  p.  327. 

Above  cinereons,  wings  blackish  with  brighter  edgings  ;  tail  dall 
black,  with  narrow  external  edging  to  the  outer  roctrix  and  narrow 
tips  to  all  whitish ;  lores  and  faint  superciliaries  dirty  white : 
below  rather  paler,  belly  and  crissum  cinnamomeous ;  throat  white, 
broadly  striated  with  black;  under  wing-coverts  cinnamomeous 
white ;  bill  black,  beneath  horn-colour ;  feet  black :  whole  length 
9*5  inches,  wing  5,  tail  4*5.     Female  similar 

Hah.  Chili. 

a,  b.  Ad.  ak.  Talcahuano,  ChiLi{Capt,  Markham       ^alvin-Godman  Coll. 

c  (^  ad.  sk.  Chili  {Reed).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  ChiU.  Sclater  Coll. 

e,f.  Ad.  ak.  Chili  (?).  Capt.  King  [C.]. 

g.  Ad.  ak.  Valparaiso.  Zool.  Soc.  CoU, 

h.  Ad,  ak.  Valparaiso.  Lord  Byron  [P.]. 

t.  Ad.  ak.  Chin.  Purchased. 


2.  AgriomiB  striata. 

Agriomis  striatua,  Goidd,  Zod,  Voy, '  Beagle,^  iii.  p.  56 ;  Burm,  La- 
Plata  Beise,  u,jo,  459 ;  Salv,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  356  (Tucuman) ;  Scl, 
et  Huds,  Arg,  Om,  i.  p.  111. 

Agriomia  microptera,  Gould,  Zool.  Voy,  '  Beagle/  iii.  p.  67,  pi.  xii. ; 
Sd,  et  Salv,  Ais,  1868,  p.  186. 

Above  cinereous;  wings  blackish  cinereous  with  light  edgings; 
tail  dark  cinereous,  with  a  distinct  white  margin  to  the  external 
rectrix,  and  slight  whitish  tips  to  all  rectrices ;  lores  blackish ;  short 
superciliaries  white :  below  pale  cinereous ;  throat  white,  broadly 
striated  with  black ;  bill  above  black,  below  pale :  whole  length 
9  inches,  wing  4*8,  tail  4*3.     Female  similar. 

Hah.  Argentine  Eepublio  and  Patagonia, 

This  is  a  smaller  representative  of  A.  livida  and  paler  in 
colouring.  The  belly  and  crissum  are  much  paler,  and  have  not  the 
strong  cinnamomeous  tinge  which  prevails  in  A,  livida. 

a.  (5  ad.  ak.    Pilciao,    Catamarca,    Arg.    Rep.     'Sclater  Coll. 

{WMU), 

b.  2  ad.  sk.     Pampas  of  Arg.  Rep.  (Leybold).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  ak.        TucumaD,  Rep.  Arg.  H.  Dumford  [C.]. 

d.  Ad.  ak,       Santa  Cruz,  Patagonia  {Darrein).  Eyton  Coll. 

e.  Jr.  ak.         Port  St.  Julian,  Patagonia.  C.  Darwin  [CI. 
/.  Jr.  ak.         Port  Desire,  Pat.  C.  Darwin  [C.J. 

(Type  of  A,  microptera,) 
g.  Ad.  ak.       Patagonia  (?).  iool.  Soc,  Coll. 


6  TTRunriDX. 

3.  Agriornia  andecola. 
FepouK  gntturalis,  if  Or&.  et  Lafr.  &/H.  Ad.  i.  p.  64. 
Pepoaza  andecola,  iTOrb.  Vot/.,  Oi».  p.  351, 

Similar  to  A.  tivida,  bnt  smaller  :  no  spots  on  tbe  head  ;  low 
parts  yellowish,  not  reddish ;  colour  generally'  clearer,  and  spa 
round  the  eyes  yellowish  (tTOrft.). 

Hob.  Andes  of  Bdim. 

4.  Agrioniia  montonai 
laza  moDtaua,  ifft*.  a  Lafr.  .Sj/n.  Av.  i.  p.  64  ;  iFOrb.  Vo, 


i'epoaza 
&«.p. 


Bimilar  to  A.  mariltma,  bat  lai^r  and  different  in  hnes  ;  out 
primaries  not  acuminated  {<rOrb.). 
Bab.  AndoB  of  Bolivia. 

5.  AgriomiB  mftritima. 

FepoaiB  maritima,  d'Orb.  el  Lafr.  S^.  Av.  i.  p.  05 ;  ttOri,  Vin/.,  I 
p.  353. 

AKiioniis  maritima,  Gray,  in  Zaot.  Voy.  'Beagle^  iii.  p.  07 ;  Bp.  Con 
1.  p.  197 ;  Gjft.  et  Sein.  Mia.  Hein.  ii.  p.  45 ;  f-riuer,  P.  Z.  S.  18 
p.  Ill ;  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  196  ;  id.  P.  Z.  &  1807,  pp.  345,  i 
(Ohili) ;  Sd.  et  iSah.  Ibis,  18i58,  p.  185  (MageUMi)  j  lU  Nonun 
p.  41 ;  itd.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  0011  (Bolivia) ;  Durnford,  Bnt.  18 
p.  394  (C.  Patf^nia) ;  Sharpe,  P.  Z.  S.  1881,  p.  8  (Coquimb. 
BarriMt,  BaU.  Nutt.  Om.  CI.  Yiii.  p.  137 ;  ScL  et  Bud*.  Arg.  0 
L_p.ll2. 

Agnorais  leucuia,  Oonld,  Zool.   Voy.  '  Btagle,'  iii,  pi.  13 ;  Brid^ 
P.  Z  S.  1841,  p.  94  i  Burm.  La-Plata  Ecite,  ii.  p.  469. 
Above  cinereous ;  secondaries  edged  externally  and  tipped  w 
white  ;  tall  dark  cinereous,  the  four  lateral  external  rectrioes  w 


1.    AGBIOBiriB.  7 

6.  Agriornis  pollens.    (Plate  I.) 

Agriomia  andicola,  Sd.  P.  Z.  S,  18e0,  pp.  78, 92;  id.  Cat,  A,  B.  p.  196. 
Agriornis  pollens,  Sd,  P.  Z,  8. 1869,  p.  153 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomend, 

p.  41 ;  A/.  P.  Z  S,  1874,  p,  677  (S.  Peru) ;  Tacz.  Om.  PSr.  ii. 

p.  185. 

Above  dark  cinereous;  head  and  wings  blackish,  secondaries 
with  light  edgings;  tail  with  two  central  feathers  blackish,  next 
pair  with  the  outer  webs  white,  inner  webs  blackish ;  four  outer 
pairs  white,  with  a  large  blackish  longitudinal  mark  on  the  inner 
web  of  the  fourth  pair,  and  a  slight  blackish  spot  at  the  further 
extremity  of  the  inner  web  in  the  three  outer  pairs :  below  pdie 
cinereous,  throat  white  with  broad  black  striations ;  belly,  flanks, 
and  crissum  pale  cinnamomeous ;  under  wing-coverts  clear  cinna- 
momeous ;  biU  dark  horn-colour ;  feet  black :  whole  length  11 
inches,  wing  6,  tail  5. 

Hab.  Chimborazo,  West  Ecuador,  alt.  14,000  ft. 

This  is  the  finest  and  largest  species  of  the  genus,  exceeding 
A,  livida  in  size,  and  is  easily  known  from  it  by  its  white  tail. 

a,  Ad.  sk.  Panza,  Ecuador  (Fraser),  Sclater  Coll.     (Type 

of  the  species.) 

7.  Agriornis  insolens.    (Plate  II.) 

Agriornis  insolens,  Sd,  et  Salv,  P.  Z,  S.  1869,  p.  153,  et  1879,  p.  610 
(Bolivia) ;  ud,  Nomend,  p.  42 ;  Sd.  P.  Z,  S,  1873,  p.  780 ;  Tacz, 
Om,  P^r,  ii.  p.  186. 

Above  uniform  cinereous,  with  slight  white  superciliaries ;  wings 
rather  darker,  with  slight  whitish  edgings  to  the  greater  coverts 
and  outer  secondaries :  below  paler,  throat  white  striated  with 
dark  cinereous ;  lower  belly,  crissum,  and  under  tail-coverts  white ; 
tail  with  the  four  lateral  pairs  of  rectrioes  wholly  white,  middle 
pair  wholly  dark  cinereous,  pair  next  to  middle  pair  white,  with  a 
broad  blackish  margin  to  the  inner  web :  whole  length  9*3  inches, 
wing  6,  tail  4.     Female  similar. 

Hab.  Southern  Peru  and  Bolivia. 

c.  S  ad.  sk.  Tinta,  S.  Peru  (  Whitefy).  Sclater  Coll.     (Type 

of  the  species.) 

b,  5  ad.  sk.  Tinta,  S.  Peru  (Whitdy),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

c,  rf.  d  $  ad.  sk.    Tinta,  S.  Peru.  H.  Whitelv  [C.]. 

e.  S  ad.  sk.  Paucartambo,  S.  Peru  (  Whitely),    Salvin-Goaman  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  fSk.  Sorata,  Bolivia  (Buckley),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

8.  Agriornis  solitaria.    (Plate  lU.) 

Agriornis  solitaria,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S,  1858,  p.  553,  et  1860,  pp.  78,  92 ; 

ttf.  CW. -4.  5.  p.  196 ;  Sd.  et  Salv,  Nomend.  1^,  42 ;  Tacz,  Om.  PSr. 

ii.  p.  183. 
Agriornis  maritima,  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S,  1874,  p.  531  (err.). 

Above  nearly  uniform  dark  cinereous,  outer  secondaries  slightly 
edged  and  aU  terminated  with  white :  below  rather  paler,  throat 


white,  slightly  striated  with  blackish ;  belly  wUtisb,  criBsum  whit 
oader  wiug-corerts  white,  slightly  tinged  with  ciDnamomeotiB ;  t 
with  the  four  lateral  pairs  of  rectrices  white,  pair  next  to  centi 
pair  white,  with  broad  dark  margins  on  each  web,  central  p:ur  da 
cinereous  like  the  back;  bill  and  feet  black:  whole  length 
inches,  wing  6,  tail  4. 

Eab.  Andes  of  Ecuador. 

Beadily  known  from  A.  imdUnt  by  its  darker  colour  abore  a 
below,  and  the  slightly  striated  throat. 


(.  3  ad.  sk. 
e.  Ad.  sk. 
({.Ad.  Ik. 
e.  Ad.  sk. 
/.  Ad.  ak. 
g,  h.  Ad.  sk. 


Titiacum,  Ecuador  {Freutr). 

Puellaro,  Ecuador  (Jrawr). 

Titiacun,  Ecuador  {FroMtr). 

Quito. 

Vicinity  of  Quito  {Jameton). 

Pasto,  Ecuador  {Lekmann). 

Sical,  Ecuador  (Buektej/). 


Sdater  Coll.     (Tj 

of  the  gpedes.) 
Salvin-Godman  Ci 
EytoQ  Ooll. 
ScUter  Coll. 
Jardine  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Ci 
Salvin-Oodmaii  C< 


2.  MYI0THEEETE8. 

Myiotheretes,  Seichenb.  Av.  Syit.  Nat.  t  Uri.  (1850)  , .  M.  rufivMt 

The  bird  usually  taken  as  the  typo  of  MyioihereUt  is  clo» 
allied  to  the  T(.mv>])terix,  but  has  longer  wings  and  a  rather  sbor 
Kll.  To  this  Argentine  form  may  bo  added  two  somewhat  eimi 
species  from  the  Andes  of  Peru,  Ecuador,  and  Colombia,  althot 
tney  are  not  quite  identical  in  atnictore. 


Eof  to  the  Sterna. 

A.  Tail  bkckisb,  tipped  with  white. . 


2.  MTI0IHEBEIB8.  9 

Above  and  below  smoky  grey,  clearer  on  the  head  and  breast; 
belly,  criBanm,  and  under  wing-coverts  bright  rufons ;  wings  black, 
inner  secondaries  bright  chestnut,  terminated  with  white,  outer 
secondaries  black,  tipped  with  white ;  wing-coverts  grey,  margined 
with  white ;  tail  black,  outer  margins  of  external  pair  of  rectrices 
and  tips  of  all  whitish  ;  two  outer  primaries  emarginated ;  bill  and 
feet  black:  whole  length  9*5  inches,  wing  6' 7,  tail  3*8.  Female 
similar,  but  outer  primaries  not  emarginated. 

Hab.  Argentine  Bepublic,  Paraguay,  and  Patagonia. 

a.  Ad.  sL  Buenos  Ayres  (Burmeister).  Sclater  Coll. 

b,  c.  Ad.  sk.  Buenos  Ayres  iBurmeister).  Prof.  BurmeisterTC.l 
<i  $  ad.  sk.  CoDchitas,  Buenos  Ayres  {Hudson),  Salvin-Godman  CoD. 
e.  Ad.  sk.  La  Plata.  Bravard  [C.]. 

/.  Ad.  sk.         ParaniL  Sclater  Coll. 

g,  A.  Ad.  sk.     Chili  ( ?).  Zool.  See.  Coll. 

t.  Ad.  st  Maldonado.  C.  Darwin,  Esq.  [CI. 

k.  Ad.  St.         Maldonado.  Lieut.    Burnett   and 

Capt.  Fitzroy  [C.]. 
L  Ad.  sk.         Chupat,  Patagonia.  H.  Dumford  [C.J. 

2.  Myiotheretes  erythropygius. 

Tsenioptera  eiythropygia,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  8.  1861,  p.  193,  pi.  41. 
Myiotheretes  erythropygius,  Sclater,  P.  Z,  S.  1860,  p.  78 ;  id.  Cat, 

A.  B.  p.  197 ;  Sd,et  Salv,  Nomencl.  p.  42 ;  ud,  P.  Z,  8. 1874,  p.  677 

(S.  Peru) ;  Tacz,  Ont,  Pir,  ii.  p.  187. 

Above  smoky  black,  head  greyish,  clearer  on  the  front;  wings 
black,  with  a  large  white  patch  on  the  outer  secondaries;  rump 
bright  chestnut;  tail  chestnut,  broadly  tipped  with  black,  two 
middle  rectrices  wholly  black :  below  bright  rufous,  throat  and 
breast  smoky  grey,  under  wing-coverts  bright  rufous ;  bill  and  feet 
black:  whole  lengtii  8*8  inches,  wing  5*5,  tail  4*1 , 

Eab.  Ecuador  and  Peru. 

a,  S  ad.  sk.  Panza,  Ecuador  (Fraser).  Sclater  Coll. 

6,  c.  Ad.  sk.  Sical,  Ecuador  (Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Quito.  Gould  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  ak,  Ecuador.  Sclater  Coll. 
/.  Ad.  sk.  Ecuador. 

3.  Myiotheretes  striaticollis. 

Tyrannus  rufiventris,  d'Orb.  et  Lafr.  Syn.  Av.  i.  p.  45;  d^Orb.  Voy., 
Ois.  p.  312,  pi.  32.  figs.  3,  4  (nee  VietU.). 

Myiarcnus  rufiventris,  Cab,  in  Tech.  F.  P.,  Aves,  p.  153. 

Tsenioptera  striaticollis,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S,  1851,  p.  193,  pi.  42,  et  1855, 
p.  77. 

Myiotheretes  striaticollis,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  92 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B. 
p.  107 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  42 ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  677 
(S.  Peru),  1875,  p.  234  (Venezuela),  et  1879,  p.  511  (Antioquia) 
et  p.  610  (BoUvia);  Tacz.  P.Z.S.  1874,  p.  532,  et  1882,  p.  18 
(Ni.  Peru) ;  id.  Orn,  P^r.  ii.  p.  187. 

Above  brown,  wings  and  tail  chestnut,  edged  and  broadly  tipped 
with  black :  below,  throat  and  breast  white  striated  with  black ; 


10  TTKinmiJt. 

abdomen,  CTUBnm,  and  ander  ving-corerts  bright  rnfoas ;  bQl  a 
feet  blaok ;  the  onter  primariee  emai^nated  (probably  only  in  mali 
whole  length  8'2 inohea,  wing  5-4,  tail 38. 

Hob.  Bolivia,  Peru,  EonaJor,  Colombia,  and  Venemela. 


a.  Ad.  ak.  Tilotdlo,  YunffM,  Dolivia  (Backiei/). 

6.  Ad.  sk.  Sorata,  BoUvib  (Backley). 

c.  Ad.  ak.  Puellaro,  Ecuador  (Frater). 

d.  Ad.  flk.  Jima,  Ecuador  (Buckle}/). 

e.  Ad.  ek.  Sica],  EcuadoT  (BucMey). 

f.  Ad.  ak.  Medelliti,  Antioquia  (SahtoH). 

g.  Ad.  ak,  Bogota. 
k.  Ad.  ak.  Bogota. 
i.  Ad.  sk.  -    Bogota. 

k.  2  ad.  ak.  Merida,  Venezuela  (Ooerinp). 


SalTin-Godmao  C< 
Salvin-Oodmaii  C 
Sclat«i  ColL 
Salrin^Godoian  C< 
SalTin-Qodman  C 
Salvin-Godman  Ci 
Salvia -Qodman  C 
Sclater  Coll 
J.  Gould,  Esq. 
Salvin-Godman  Cc 


3.  T^NIOPTERA.  „,__ 

Type. 

Tanioptera,  Bp.  Joum.  Ac.  Pha.  iv.  p.  380  (1825)    . .  T.  nengeta. 

Nengetus,  Sw.  Zool.  Joam.  iii,  p.  100  (1827)     T.  nengeta, 

Pepoaza,  iTOrb.  H  Lafr.  Sm.  Av.  i.  p.  01  (1837) T.  nengeta. 

Blechropus,  Sw.  CSati.  B.  li.  p.  25a  (1837) T,  nengeta  ( 

Xolmis,  Boie,  i>M,  1820,  p.  073    T.  inipero. 

Hemipentbica,  CiU>.  et  Seine,  Mai.  Hein.  ii.  p.  43 

(1869) T.  impero. 

Pyrope,  Cah.  et  Seme,  Xu*.  JTein.  ii.  p.  45  (1860)  . .  T.  pyrope. 


3.  TXSnOVTERk.  11 

V.  Lower  sur&ce  white. 
a".  Back  ffrey : 

I  cap  black 2.  coronata,  p.  12. 

I  cap  cinereoiis  white 3.  velata,  p.  12. 

b".  Back  white : 

itail  uniform  black    4.  dominicana,  p.  18. 
tail  white,  tipjped  with  black 5.  truperoj  p.  13. 

b.  Under  wing-coverts  cinereous 6.  hdospodta,  p.  14. 

e.  Under  wincKxiTerts  pale  cinnamomeous : 

back  cinereous 7.  pyropcj  p.  15. 

)  back  arenaceous 8.  murtnOf  p.  15. 

R  Bieast  striated 9.  rubetra,  p.  16. 

1.  Tsenioptera  nengeta. 

Lanins  nengeta,  Linn.  S,  N.  i.  p.  185. 

Xohnis  nengeta,  Oray,  Zool.  Voy,  ^  Beagle^  iii.  p.  54. 

Fluricola  nengeta,  Sw,  Fly  catch,  p.  102,  pi.  8. 

Taenioptera  nengeta,  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  195;  Hartl,  Ind,  Az,  p.  13; 

Ccib.et  Hein,mu8,  Hein,  ii.  p.  44;  Burm,  Syd,  Ueb,  ii.  p.  516; 

id.  La-Plata  Beise,  ii.  p.  459;  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  197;  Pdz.  Om. 

Bras.  10.97;  Sd.  et  Salv.  Nomend.  p.  42 ;  nd.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  610 

(Boli^a) ;   Hudson,  P.  Z.  S.   1870,  p.  547  (Arg.   Rep.) ;   Whitey 

P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  603  (Arg.  Rep.) ;  Berl.  et  Jher.  Zettschr.  Orn. 

1885,  p.  127  (Rio  Grande  do  Sul);  Barrows,  Bull.  Nutt.  Om. 

CI.  viii.  p.  137  (Entrerios) ;  Sd.  et  Muds,  Arg.  Om.  i.  p.  114. 
Tyrannus  cinereus,  Vieill.  Anal.  p.  68. 
Pepoaza,  Azara,  Apunt.  ii.  p.  166. 
Tyrannus  pepoaza,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  xxxr.  p.  91 ;  id,  Enc.  Mith, 

p.  866. 
Muscicapa  tcenioptera^  Bp.  Joum.  Ac.  Phil.  iv.  p.  380  (1825). 
Muscicapa  polyglotta,  Licht.  Doubl.  p.  64 ;  Spix,  Av.  Bras.  ii.  p.  18, 

pi.  24 ;  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  862. 
Pepoaza  polyglotta,  d'Orb.  Voy.,  Ois.  p.  346. 

Above  ciiiereous;  lores  white;  wings  black,  coverts  cinereous; 
well-marked  speculum  at  base  of  primaries  and  edgings  of  outer 
aecondaries  white ;  tail  black,  tipped  with  whitish  cinereous,  basal 
one  third  of  tail  white :  below  pale  cinereous,  middle  of  throat  white, 
with  blackish  stripe  on  each  side ;  middle  of  belly,  flanks,  crissum, 
and  under  tail-coverts  white;  bill  horn-colour,  feet  black:  whole 
length  9  inches,  wing  5,  tail  3'5.     Female  similar. 

Hah.  S.E.  Brazil,  Paraguay,  Uruguay,  Argentine  Republic,  and 
Bolivia. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

h.  Ad.  sk.  Rio,  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  N.  Brazil.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  M.  Claussen  [P.]. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Maldonado,  Uruguay.  C.  Darwin  [C.l 
/.  (5  ad.  sk.  Uruguay.  Alan  Peale  [C.J. 
g.  Ad.  sk.  Bolivia  {Bridges).  Eyton  Coll. 

k.  Ad.  sk.  Bolivia.  T.  Bridges  [C.]. 

}.  Ad.  sk.  Maldonado.  Lieut.    Burnett    and 

Capt.  Fitzroy  [0.]. 


.  Tranioptera  coronata. 

Pepoaza  corimnda,  Asara,  Apwii.  ii.  p.  168. 
TyrannnB  corniiHtug,  Victil.  Noav,  Diet.  ssxv.  p.  512; 

p.  855. 
Pepoaza  coronata,  d'Orb.  Voy.,  Oil.  p.  350. 
Tfeniopteni-  coronata,  Hartl.  Ind.  Az.  p.  13 1 

Swm.   La-Plata  Jtem,   ii.   p.  4W;   Sri.  el  'Salv. 

p.  141 :  iid.  Namenel.  p.  42;  Hadtoa,  P.  Z.  S.  187i 

1871,  p.   262  (Uuenos    Ayres),  et  1872,  p.  54 

Durkfwd,  Ibit,  1877,  p.  176  (Bnenoa  Ayrea),  1880, 

Barrowsr  SuU.NuU.  Om.  CI.  viii.  p.  138 (Kntreiios) 

1882,  p.  003  ( .\rg.  Bup.) ;   &f.  H  Hud',  .irg.  Om. 

Xolraia  coronata.  Gray,  in  Zool.  Vuij. '  Beai/le,'  iii.  p, 

MuBcicApa  vittigera,  Licht.  Doahl.  p.  &4. 

Above  cinereous ;  rounded  summit  of  head  blaci 

and  band  encircling  the  back  of  the  head  white;  ^ 

upper  coTcrta  cineroons,  edgings  of  middle  and  greal 

of  outer  Bocondaries  whitish ;  tail  blackiah,  margin  o 

exterQftl  tail-feathers  white ;  below  white  ;  under  wi 

a  large  portion  of  the  inner  webs  of  the  n 

outer  primaries,  white  ;  biU  and  feet  black :  whole  ler 

wing  4'6,  tail  3'1.     FenwU  similar. 

Hah.  Argentine  Republic,  Uruguay,  and  Paraguay 
A  Bpecies   very  easily  recognizable   by   its   well- 
orown. 


3.   IISHIOPIEBA.  13 

The  grey  back  combined  with  the  bright  white  rump  distingoiBh 
this  species. 

a.  c^  ad.  sk.  Mexiana,N.  Brazil  (fPo^Zoce).      Sclater  CoU. 

b.  Ad.  8k.  PanL  R.  Graham  [P.]. 

c  Ad.  flk.  Brazil.  Salyin-Godman  Coll. 

i  Ad.  ak.  Boliyia.  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Jardine  GoU. 

f.  Ad.  St  Para.  R.  Graham,  Esq.  [P.]. 

g.  Ad.  St  BoUvia.  T.  Bridges  [Cj. 

4.  Tsenioptera  dominicana. 

Pepoaza  dominicay  Azara,  Apunt,  ii.  p.  170. 

Tyramms  domizdcanns,  VieiU,  Nouv,  Diet,  xxxt.  p.  92;  uf.  JEnc, 
Mith,  p.  866. 

Muscicapa  dominicana,  Licht,  Doubl.  p.  54. 

Pepoaza  dominicana,  d'Orb,  Voy,,  Ois,  p.  347. 

Taenioptera  dominicana,  Cab.  et  Hein,  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  44 ;  Burm, 
Sy$L  Ueb,  ii.  p.  617 ;  id,  La-FkUa  Heise,  ii.  p.  460 ;  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B, 
p.  197;  Pdz.  Om.  Bras.  p.  97 ;  Sd.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  633 
(Arg.  Rep.)  ;  iid.  NomencLf,  42 ;  Hudson,  P,  Z.  S,  1870,  pp.  333, 
646  (Buenos  Ayres)  ;  Dumford,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  176  (Buenos  Ayres) ; 
WMU,  P.  Z.  8,  1883,  p.  38  (Arg.  Rep.) ;  Gibsoriy  Ibis,  1886, 
p.  279  (Paysandii) ;  Berl.  et  Jker.  Zeitschr.  Om.  1886,  p.  128 
(Rio  Grande  do  Sul);  Barrowsy  BuU,  Nutt.  Om,  CI.  viii.  p.  139 
(Entrerios) ;  8d.  et  Muds.  Arg.  Om.  i.  p.  117. 

FluTicola  azarsB,  Oould,  in  Zool.  Voy,  *  Beagle,*  iii.  p.  63,  pi.  10  (c^ ). 

Tyrannus  albogriseus,  Less.  Tr.  dOm.  p.  383;  Puch.  Arch.  Mus, 
Par.  vii.  p.  370  ( $  ). 

Tsenioptera  albogrisea,  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  197  (  $  ). 

Above  pure  white ;  wings  black,  with  a  broad  whitish  snbapical 
band  across  the  first  six  primaries,  beyond  which  the  tips  are 
blackish ;  tail  black ;  beneath  pure  white :  whole  length  8  inches, 
wing  4*6,  tail  4*2.  Female  similar,  but  head  above  and  back 
cmereous. 

Hah.  S.E.  Brazil,  Paraguay,  Uruguay,  and  Argentine  Republic. 

The  pure  white  body  and  uniform  black  tajl  of  this  bird  render  it 
unmistakable. 

fl,  6.  cJ  ad. ;  c.  $  S.E.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 
ad.  sk. 

d.  $  ad.  sk.  Curytiba,  Brazil  (Natterer).  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  Ad. ;/.  Jr.  sk.  Punta  Lara,  Buenos  Ayres.  H,  Dumford  [C.l 

g.  $  ad.  sk.  Conchitas,    Buenos    Ayres  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(^Htidson). 

k.  Ad.  sk.  Buenos  Ayres.  Alan  Peel  [CI. 

i,j.  Ad.  d£.  Argentine  Republic.  Zool,  Soc.  Coll. 

k.  Ad.  st.  Maldonado.  C.  Darwin,  Esq. 

5.  TsBiiioptera  impero. 

Pepoaza  irupero,  Azara,  Apunt,  ii.  p.  171. 

Tyrannus  irupero,   VieiU.  Nouv,  iJict,  xxxv.  p.  92 ;  id,  JEno,  MHh, 
p.  866. 


I 


PepoMft  iruijero,  d'Orb.  Voy,,  Oit.  p,  348. 

T(Biii(ipl*ra  irnporo,  Hartl.  Ind.  Aatr.-p- 13;  Bp.  Coi 
Sd.  Cat.  A.  3.  p.  198;  Scl.  ri  Salt:  P.  Z.S.  1868,  p. 
Ajrec),  et  1879,  p,  610  (Bolivia);  iid.  JfavtMcl.  p. 
P.  Z.  8. 1870,  pp.  333,  540  (Biianos  Ayrei) ;  WMt, 
p.  603  (Arg.  Bop.);  Barrow»,  Suit.  NM.  On.  G 
(Entrerioa)  ;  Scl.  ft  Hods.  Arg.  Om.  i.  p.  118. 

Fluvicola  irupero,  Dartn.  Zool.  Voi/.  '  Beadle,'  iii.  p.  63. 

Heraip^Dtbicfi  irupero,  Cab,  rt  Jleiii.  Mua.  Hein.  ii,  p.  4 

MuBcieftpa  mcestn,  Lieht.  Doubt,  p.  54. 

Tieuiopti'm  mcesta.  Barm,  Si/it,  Ueb.  ii.  p.  Iil7;  id.  Lt 
ii.  p.  460. 

Miiscicfipa  DJvpa,  Splr,  Av.  Bran,  ii,  p.  20,  pi.  29.  fig,  1 

Above  ojid  benoutli  pure  white ;  wttigH  with  tho  prii 
sept  the  innermost,  whieh  are  wliitu  ut  thoir  busoB  anc 
block,  and  secoudaries,  which  have  narrow  black  shafts 
of  the  tail  black  ;  bill  and  foot  black ;  two  outer  prim 
nated:  whole  length  7  inches,  wing  4,  tail  3'2.  Pet 
but  no  black  band  on  the  tail. 

Hah.  Paraguay,  Umgaaj,  Argentine  Hepublie,  and  1 

The  smaller  size  and  black-tipped  tail  distinguish 

from  T.t'     ■  ■ 

Selater 
M.Bra< 

Rep,  Arg.     Saivin-i 


AlanP 

AlanP 
Sclater 


3,  TJOnOFTSRA,  15 

7.  Tamioptera  pyrope. 

Musdcapa  pyrope,  Kittl,  Mitn,  pris.  Acad,  Piter sh,  i.  p.  191,  pi.  10 

(1831). 
Pepoaza  pjiope,  d'Orb.  Voy,^  Ois,  p.  348, 
Xoimis  pyrope,  Darw.  Zoot.  Voy,  *  Beagley  iii.  p.  56. 
Taeniopte^  pyrope,  Bp,  Corup,  i.  p.  196 ;  Scl,  Cat.  A,  B,  p.  198 ;  id. 

P.  Z.  8, 1867,  pp.  326,  338  (Chifi) ;  id.  Rep,  Voy,  ChaU.  ii.  p.  102 ; 

Sd,  et  Salv,  Nomencl,  p.  42 ;  Od,  Ibis,  1868,  pp.  186,  187  (Str.  of 

Magellan} ;  iid.  P,  Z.  S,  1878,  p.  433  ;  Sharpe,  P.  Z.  S.  1881,  p.  8 

(Patagonia) ;  Scl.  Rep,  ChaU,  Mxp,  iL  p.  102. 
INprope  Bttlitzi,  Cab,  et  Hein,  Mus,  Hein,  ii.  p.  46. 

Above  cinereous,  lores  whitish ;  wings  blackish,  lesser  coverts 
dnereooB  like  the  back ;  middle  coverts  and  secondaries  externally 
edged  with  whitish ;  tail  cinereous,  outer  web  of  external  rectrix 
white  :  below  pale  cinereous,  throat  and  belly  nearly  white  ;  flanks 
and  under  wing-coverts  pale  fulvous ;  bill  and  feet  black ;  two 
outer  primaries  strongly  acuminated:  whole  length  7*2  inches, 
wing  4,  tail  3*2.     Female  similar,  but  primaries  not  acuminated. 

Hob.  Chili,  Patagonia,  and  Tierra  del  Fuego. 

Easily  known  by  its  cinereous  colour,  which  is  much  paler  below, 
and  the  pale  bu%  patch  on  the  flanks  and  under  wing-coverts. 
The  acumination  of  the  two  outer  primaries  is  carried  to  a  great 
extent  in  this  species,  but  occurs  only  in  the  male  sex,  I  believe. 

a,  6.  Ad.  sL  Chili.  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  ak.  Chili  (Reed),  Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

i  Ad.  St.  ChilL  Lieut.   Burnett    and 

Capt.  FitzToy  [C.]. 

fj.  Ad.  et  jr.  sk.         Chili.  Lord  JByron  [PA 

9'  ?  ad.  sk.  Skyrinff  Water,  Patagonia.  Dr.  Coppinger  [C5.]. 

*.  d  ad.  sk.  Sandy  Point,  Straits  of  Ma-  ^  Challenger  *  Exp. 

gellan. 

».  Ad.  sk.  Port  Famine,  Patagonia.  Sclater  Coll. 

;.  Ad.  sk.  S.  America.  Jardine  Coll. 

8.  TsBnioptera  murina. 

Pepoaza  murina,  d'Orb,  Voy.,  Ois.  p.  348. 

Taenioptera   murina,   Scl.   P.Z.S.   1872,    p.    641    (Rio    Negro  of 

Patagonia),  et  1879,  p.  460  (Cordova)  ;  Scl.  et  Salt\  Noniencl,  p.  42; 

WMte,  P,  Z,  8.  1883,  p.  38  (Arg.  Rep.) ;  Scl,  et  Huds.  Arg.  Om, 

i.  p.  119. 
Pyrope  murina.  Cab.  J.  f.  O.  1878,  p.  196. 

Above  sandy  cinereous,  whitish  round  the  eyes ;  wings  and  tail 
Waddsh  with  whitish  edgings :  below  much  paler ;  throat  whitish, 
with  slight  black  striations ;  belly  and  crissum  tinged  with  ochra- 
eeous ;  under  wing-coverts  and  flanks  pale  ochraceous ;  bill  hom- 
oolour,  feet  black ;  two  outer  primaries  acuminated  :  whole  length 
7  inches,  wing  4-9,  tail  2.  Female  similar;  but  outer  primaries 
nonnal. 

Hob.  Interior  of  Argentine  Republic  and  Rio  Negro  district  of 
Patagonia. 

The  sandy  belly  and  ochraceous  under  wing-coverts  render  this 
species  easily  recognizable. 


o.  ij  ad.  Bk. 

6.  J  ad.  ek. 

Oordova  (Doenng). 
CosquJn,  Cordova  (irA&). 
Eio    Negro    of  Patagonia 

iHud«m). 
Rio   N^ro    of   Patagonia 

(Smhon). 

SclaterCoU. 
Salvin-Godman  C. 
ScUterOoll. 

/  Ad.  Bk. 

SalratJaodman  Ci 
PuichaBed. 

9.  IsBDloptfln  rabetra. 


Tffinioptera  nibetra,  Burm.  Joum.  f.  0. 188^  p.  247  [  id.  La-Pk 

S.  I87a,  p.  ( 

Negro  of  Patagonia)  ;  Dumford,  IbU,  I**??,  P-  34,  et  1878,  p.  3 


/.  et  Sale.  NomencL  p.  42 ;   HwUon,  P.  Z.  S.  1872, 


72,  p.  64 
..  541  (I 


(Pataffonia);  Scl.  et  Hudt.  Arg.  Om.  i.  p.  120,pL  t 
Muaciaaxicola  rubetia,  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  206. 


Above  aandy  brown  ;  lores  and  superciliariee  white ;  wings  bla< 
greater  coverta  and  outer  Becondarios  edged  with  whitish,  leaf 
coverta  like  the  back ;  tail  black,  outer  web  of  the  eater  ta 
feather  and  tips  of  others  white  :  below  white,  with  black  striatic 
on  the  sides  of  the  throat  and  on  the  breast;  flanks,  nnder  win 
coverts,  and  inner  weba  of  the  primaricB  deep  rofcas ;  two  out 
primariea  acamiuated :  whole  length  1-5  inches,  wing  4-7,  tail  3' 
Female  aimilar,  but  rather  paler  above,  throat  and  breast  wash 
with  ochraceous,  and  outer  primaries  not  acuminatod, 

H(A.  Interior  of  Argentine  Republic  and  Rio  Negro  of  Patf^n; 

The  Btriatdons  on  the  breast  and  the  deep  rufous  under  win 
coverta  at  once  distingnish  this  fine  species. 


.     5    Bll. 


['ampna    of   Arg.    llepublic 
{Lqibold). 


Salvin-tjodnian  Uc 


4.   OCHTHODliiSTi.  17 

6.  Under  tail-coverts  rufous : 

t larger;  threat  like  the  belly 2.  lugubru,  p.  17. 

(smaller;  throat  pale  yellowish 3.  giffnatus,  p.  17. 

B.  AboTe  smoky  brown ;  beneath  rufous   4.  fUsco-rufua,  p.  18. 

• 

1.  Ochthodiata  fomigatiu. 

Trrannula  fumigata.  Bouts,  Rev,  Zool.  1840,  p.  71. 

Myiobius  fumigatus,  Oray,  Oen.  Birdsj  i.  p.  249. 

Tyrannus  boissoneaui,  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  191. 

Ochthoeca  fumigata,  Sclater,  P.  Z,  S,  1858,  p.   554,   1300,  p.  67 

(Ecuador),  1871,  p.  749. 
OchthodisBta  f umigata,  Ca6.  et  Hem,  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  48 ;   Sd,  et 

Salv.  P,  Z,  8.  1879,  p.  511 ;  iid,  Nonund.  p.  42 ;  Tacz,  P.  Z.  S.  1874, 

p.  632,  1880,  p.  202  (N.  Peru) ;  id.  Om.  PSr,  ii.  p.  188 ;  Berl,  et 

Tacz,  P,  Z.  S.  1884,  p.  294  (W.  Ecuador). 

Above  and  beneath  nearly  uniform  dark  smoky  brown,  slightly 
paler  and  with  indications  of  darker  striations  on  the  throat ; 
wings  and  tail  blackish;  wing-coverts,  secondaries,  and  outer 
rectrices  slightly  edged  with  pale  brown;  whole  basal  portion  of 
the  inner  webs  of  the  wing-feathers  and  under  wing-coverts  bright 
mfous-chestnut ;  biU  and  feet  black  :  whole  length  7*5  inches,  wing 
4*3,  tail  3*4.     Female  similar. 

Hob.  Andes  of  Colombia  and  Ecuador. 

a,  b.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

e,  d.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Purchased. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/.  d  ad.  sk.  Santa  Elena,  Antioquia  (Salmon).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

g,  h.  Ad.  sk.  Chiquinda,  Ecuador  (  VUlagomez).  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

t.  Ad.  sk.  Matos,  Ecuador  (Fraser),  Sclater  Coll. 

;.  d  ad.  sk.  Chillanes,  Ecuador.  L.  Eraser  [C.]. 

2.  Ochthodiffita  Ingubris. 

Ochthoeca  fumigata,  ScL  et  Salv,  P,  Z.  S,  1870,  p.  781. 
Ochthodiseta  lugubris,  Berl,  Ibis,  1883,  p.  492. 

Similar  to  the  preceding,  but  with  the  under  tail-coverts  pale 
rufous. 

Hob,  Ajides  of  Merida,  Venezuela. 

This  IB  scarcely  more  than  a  local  form  of  0.  finmigatus,  but 
the  slight  difference  appears  to  be  constant  in  all  the  specimens 
examined. 

«•  6  ad.  sk.         Merida,  Venezuela  (Ooering),         Sclater  Coll. 

^*  d  ad.  sk.  Merida,  Venezuela  (fioering),         Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

3.  OchthodiiBta  signatns. 

Ochthodiaeta  signatus,  Tacz,  P,  Z,  S.  1874,  pp.  501,  532 ;  id.  Om, 
Pir.  ii.  p.  189. 

Similar  to  0.  fumigatus,  but  much  smaller,  rather  more  olive  on 

▼OL.  XIV.  0 


I- 


18  tTBAmms. 

the  back ;  Bummit  of  head  darkor ;  tinder  tail-ooverts  reddish  browi 
throat  pale  yellowiah  ;  heUy  aad  flanks  of  a  sooty  olive,  paler  thi 
the  back ;  middle  of  abdomen  yellowiah ;  tinder  wing-ooverts  pa 
yellowiah ;  inner  webs  of  the  wing-feathers  bordered  with  wbitii 
fulvotiB ;  tail-featbera  with  the  inner  webs  broadly  bordered  wi' 
reddish  :  whole  length  5-6  inches,  wing  3*1,  tail  2-7.  {Taexanowslc 

Hab.  Central  Pern. 

Only  known  from  specimens  prooued  by  Jelski  at  Anqnima 
and  Ninabomba  in  Central  Fera. 

4.  Ochtliodiata  fiuco-rufiu.     (Plate  V.) 
OchthodiiBta  fuseo-rufus,  Sd.  et  Sale.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  8M,  et  187 
pp.  589,  610;  Tacz.  Om.  Fir.  u.  p.  100. 
Above  smoky  brown  ;  wings  blackish,  edgings  of  secondaries  ai 
greater  and  middle  wing-corerts  mfoas,  forming  two  transTer 
bands ;  tail  blackish,  outer  margin  of  outer  tail-feather  and  inn' 
margioB  of  all  except  the  two  middle  mfoua :  beneath  bright  mfoo 
throat  whitish ;  tinder  wing-coverta  and  whole  inner  webs  of  tl 
romiges  except  the  extremitiea  bright  mfons ;  bill  and  feet  blacl 
whole  length  7  inches,  wing  4-1,  tail  3'2.     Female  similar. 

Hah.  Southern  Peru  and  Bolivia. 
a,  b.  Ad.  sk.     lllotUo,  Bolivia  {Buekky).  Salvin-Godman  Co 

(Types  of  the  speciet 

c.  ^  ad.  sk.      Faucartambo,  S.  Peru  (  WhiUly).     ScUtar  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  8t.  BoUvia.  T.  Bridges  [0.]. 

5.  OCHIHCECA. 

Ochthoeca,  Cah.  Wiegm.  Areh.  1847,  pt.  i.  p.  2i5S  . .     0.  cenouthoidi 

Ofhihfpta  contains  a  gtoup  of  stoall-si/t'^  8])ecies,  about  IH 


5.   OCHTHQBCA.  19 

E  Qeneral  colour  beneath  cinereous,  more  or  less 
albescent 

c.  Larger;  outer  web  of  rectrix  white : 

i  wing-coverts  cinereous 5.  leucometopaj  p.  21. 
wing-coverts  edged  with  rufous 6.  leucophrySf  p.  21. 

d.  Smaller ;  whole  tail  uniform  dark  cinereous. 

&.  Front  white 7.  albidiema,  p.  22. 

tf.  Front  pale  yellow  : 

J  wings  uniform    8.  citrinifroru,  p.  22. 
wings  banded  with  rufous    9.  pulchdiaj  p.  22. 
colour  beneath  cinereous ;  breast  rufous. 

e.  Wings  uniform 10.  rufipectaralia,  p.  23. 

/  Wings  banded  with  rufous : 

I  head  dark  cinereous 11.  lessoniy  p.  23. 

I  head  brownish    12.  pciiogcutraf  p.  24. 

B.  Breast  dark  cinnamomeous,  throat  black :  [p.  24. 

i  bellj  uniform  with  breast 13.  cinnamomeiventris, 

( belly  blackish 14.  thoracicaf  p.  25. 

E.  Eoieath  uniform  blackish 16.  nigritOj  p.  25. 

F.  Beneath  uniform  yellow 16.  salnnif  p.  25. 

0.  Beneath  pale  yellowish  olivaceous. 

g.  Throat  white 17.  rufimarginataf'p,  25. 

k  Throat  uniform  with  belly : 

(wings  uniform    18.  diadema,  p.  26. 
wings  banded  with  rufous    19.  grtUioMj  p.  26. 

1.  OchfhcBca  fomicolor. 

Ochthoeca  fumicolor,  Sdater,  P.  Z.  S,  ia56,  p.  28,  pi.  117,  et  1871, 
p.  749 ;  id.  Cat,  A,  B,  p.  198 ;  Cab,  et  Hein,  Mm,  Hein,  ii.  p.  48 ; 
Scl.  et  8alv.  Nomencl,  p.  42. 

Above  smoky  brown,  more  rufous  on  lower  back ;  lores  and  ex- 
tended snperciliaries  pale  ochraceous ;  wings  and  tail  blackish ;  outer 
edges  of  secondaries,  and  middle  and  lesser  wing-coverts  tipped  with 
i]Qfon8, forming  two  transverse  bands:  beneath  psder  and  more  fulvous, 
lighter  and  more  whitish  on  the  middle  of  the  throat  and  belly ; 
QBder  wing-coverts  pale  ochraceous;  bill  and  feet  black:  whole 
length  6*3  inches,  wing  3*5,  tail  3.     Female  similar. 

Hob,  Andes  of  Central  Colombia. 

This  is  a  northern  form  of  0.  oenanthoides,  distingaishable  mainly 
by  its  much  paler  and  less  mf  oos  under  sur&ce. 

8.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  CoU. 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

if  d.  Ad.  ak.  Bogota.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

2.  OchthoBca  saperdliosa. 

Ochthoeca  superdliosa,  Sd,  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  8. 1870,  p.  786 ;  tid.  No- 
meneL  p.  42;  Sd,  P,  Z,8.  1871,  p.  749. 

Above  smoky  brown;  lores  and  broad  superciliaries  bright 
mfouB ;  wings  and  tail  blackish ;  outer  edges  of  secondaries  and 
tips  of  middle  wing-coverts  rofoos,  forming  a  transverse  wing-band : 

c2 


beneath,  throat  like  the  back;  ubdomea  and  under  «ring-c( 
bright  mfoQB ;  crissnm  whitish  ;  hill  and  feet  black :  whole  li 
6  inches,  wing  3-2,  tail  2*7.     FemaU  aimilar. 

Hah.  Andes  of  Merida,  Venezuela. 

The  bright  and  broad  ru(oua  auperuiliariea  at  once  distingaiB] 
epeciee. 


«.  $  ad.  sk.  Faramos  of  Merida  {Goering)       Sclater  ColL 

(Type  of  the  apt 
i,e.  (f  9  ad.  ak.     PanmoB  of  Merida  {Ooering)       SalTin-^odmat 

3.  OchtluBcs  ffinaathoides. 

Flovicola  (enanthoidue,  (f  Ori.  ef  Zo^.  S^.  ^r.i. p.  GO;  (TOri. 

OU.  p.  344,  t.  xxiviii.  f.  2. 
Ochthffica  cenanthaides,  Cab.    WUgm.  Anh.  1347,  i.  p.  256 

P.Z.S.  1866,  p   28,   1871,  p.  TTO;    Set.  et  Sah.  F-ZS. 

p,600,  1874,p.  677(S.  Peru),  1879,  p.  6lO{BoUvia)i  uJ.JVoi 

p.  42;  Taex.  Dm.  Fir.  ii.  p.  102. 
Ochthceca  fumicolor,  Sd.  P.  Z.  S.   1868,   p.  554,   et   1860, 

(Ecuador) ;  Sclater  et   Sale.  P.  Z.  S.   1879,  p.  511  (Antioq 

Tacs.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  202 ;  id.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  191  ;  Btrl.  et 

P.  Z.  S.  1884,  p.  295  (W.  Ecuador). 

Above  smoky  brown,  more  rufous  on  the  lower  back ;  loret 
extended  HQperciliaries  whitiah ;  winga  and  tail  hiackiah ; 
edgea  of  aecondariefl  and  tips  of  middle  and  lesaer  wing-co 
rufous,  forming  two  tranaveree  banda :  beneath,  breast  like  the 
throat  more  greyish  ;  abdomen  bright  rufous  ;  under  wing-cc 
and  crissum  fulvous  ;  bill  and  feet  black  :  whole  length  6-3  \a 
wing  3-5,  tail  3.     Female  similar. 

Hah.  Andes  of  Westem  Colombia,  Ecuador,  Peru,  and  Bolivi 
1  iind  thnt  the  siM'tinicns  from  Antioiiuia  uiid  EcuaiJor,  fort 


5.    OCHTH(B0A.  21 

Above  dnereoos,  lores  and  broad  superciliaries  pure  white  ;  wings 
and  tail  blackish  ;  bend  of  wing,  slight  outer  margins  of  secon- 
daries, outer  webs  of  two  outer  tail-feathers,  and  tips  of  all  the  tail- 
feathers  whitish :  beneath,  throat  cinereous,  abdomen  bright  rufous ; 
ciissum  fulvous ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  6  inches,  wing 
3-5,  tail  3. 

Hah.  Central  and  Southern  Peru. 

The  ashy  back  at  once  distinguishes  this  species  from  the  three 
preceding. 

a.  Ad.  sL  Pitumarca,  S.  Peru  ( Whitely),        Sclater  Coll. 

(Type  of  the  species.) 
h.  Ad.  sk.  Pitiunarca,  S.  Peru  (Whitely),        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

c.  cf  ad.  sk.  Pitumarca,  S.  Peru  (  Whiteh/),        H.  Whitely  [C.]. 

<ii  (^  ad.  sk.         Maraynioc,  C.  Peru  (JeUki),  Sclater  ColL 

5.  OchthoDca  lencometopa.    (Plate  Yl.) 

Ochthoeca  leucophrys,  Scl  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  8. 1867,  p.  986, 1868,  p.  669, 
1869,  p.  164,  et  1874,  p.  677  (S.  Peru) ;  Scl,  RZ.S.  1871,  p.  760, 
1873,  p.  780  (Cuzco) ;  Tacz.  P,  Z,  S.  1874,  p.  633. 

Ochthoeca  leucometopa,  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  19 ;  Tacz. 
P.Z,S,  1879,  p.  232,  et  1880,  p.  202  (N.  Peru);  Om,  Pir,  ii. 
p.  193 ;  Scl,  P,  Z,  S,  1881,  p.  487  (Lima). 

Above  dark  cinereous  ;  rump  slightly  rufescent ;  front  and  long 
Buperoiliaries  white;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  outer  margins  of 
secondaries  and  whole  outer  web  of  external  tail-feather  white : 
beneath  cinereous ;  lower  belly,  crissum,  and  under  wing-coverts 
white ;  bill  and  feet  black  :  whole  length  6  inches,  wing  3,  tail  2*7. 
Female  similar. 

Hah,  Peru. 

fl.  Ad.  sk  Chimata,  S.  Peru  (  Whitely),         Sclater  Coll. 

(Type  of  the  species.) 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Tinta,  S.  Peru  (  UHiitely).  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  2  ad.  sk.  Tinta,  S.  Peru  (  Whitely),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
rf,  e.  Ad.  sk.          Tinta,  S.  Peru.                               H.  Whitely  [C.]. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Paucartambo,  Peru  (Whitely).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

ff.  2  ad.  sk.  Paucartambo,  Peru.  H.  Whitely  [C.]. 

A.  iS  ad.  sk.  Islay,  S.  Peru  (  Whitely),  Sahnn-Godman  Coll. 

I.  Ad.  sk.  Islay,  S.  Peru.  H.  Whitelv  [C.]. 

j.  (S  ad.  sk.  Acancocha,  Peru  (Jelski).  Sclater  CoU. 

A:, /.  Ad.  sk.  Andes  of  Lima  (iVa^ton).  Sclater  Coll. 

6.  OchthcBca  leucophryB. 

Fluvicola  leucophrys,  cTOrh.  et  Lafr,  Syn.  Av,  i.  p.  60 ;  d*Orb.  Toy  y 

Ois,  p.  346,  t.  xxkvii.  fig.  1. 
Ochthoeca  leucophrys,  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S,  1879,  p.  610 ;   iid,  No- 

mencl,  p.  42 ;  White,  P,  Z,  S,  1882,  p.  603  (rep.  Arg.)  j  Scl.  et  Huds, 

Arg,  Om,  i.  p.  121. 

Above  dark  cinereous,  rump  rufescent;    wings  blackish,  cross 


bands  on  wing-coTerts  and  edges  of  onter  aecondariee  rafona ;  ti 
blackish,  ontor  veb  of  extern&l  rectriz  whit« :  beneath  pale  dnei 
ons  ;  lover  belly,  crisBum,  and  nnder  wing-ooverts  white ;  bill  ai 
feet  black ;  vhole  length  5-2  inches,  wing  3,  tail  2-7- 

Hab.  Bolivia. 

At  onoe  diatingmBhable  from  0.  leuamelopa  by  the  mfona  ha 
on  the  wings. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  'niotilo,  Tnngaa,  BoliTia  (Buckley).  SalTin-Qodman  Co 
h.  Ad.  at      BoliTia.  T.  Bridges  [0.} 

7.  Ochthceca  alMdiema. 

Setophaga  albidiema,  Lair.  See.  Zool.  1848,  p.  8. 
OchOioeca  albidiema,  Sdater,  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  28, 1871,  p.  750 ;  t 
Cat.  A.  £.  f.  199  i  Sd.  et  Salv.  Nomend.  p.  42. 

Above  dark  cinereous,  head  blackish,  front  and  long  snperdliarii 
white;  ramp  rufous;  wings  and  tail  slaty  black,  wing-cover 
mai^ined  with  rnfous :  below  cinereous,  middle  of  lower  bell 
white,  crissum  fulvous ;  under  wing-coverts  cinereous ;  bill  ac 
feet  black:  whole  length  4'5  inches,  wing  2-6,  tail  2-1. 

Hob.  Andes  of  Colombia, 
a,  6.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sf^later  CoU. 


8.  Ochthffica  citrinifraiu.    (Plate  VU.  fig.  1.) 
Ochthoeca  citiinifrona,  &Ai*(T,  P.  Z.  5.  1862,  p.  113,  et  1671,  p.  7& 
Cat.  A.  S.^.  300;  Set.  et  Sah.  Ifommd.'p.^. 

Above  dark  nnereoiis,  head  blackish;  front  pale  yellow,  loi 
superciliarios  ■while ;  rump  rufous  ;  wings  and  tail  slaty  black,  i 


5.   OCHTHOBCA.  23 

superciliarieB  lemon-yellow ;  front  dark  like  the  head ;  wings  and 
.  U^  brownish  black ;  tips  of  wing-coverts,  forming  two  bands,  and 
outer  margins  of  secondaries  bright  mfous :  below  cinereous,  paler 
in  the  middle  of  the  belly ;  flanks  fulvous ;  bill  and  feet  brown : 
whole  length  4*5  inches,  wing  2*4,  tail  2. 

Hab,  Andes  of  Bolivia  and  Peru. 

Host  nearly  allied  to  0,  eitrinifronSy  but  readily  distinguishable 
by  the  mfous  bands  on  the  wing  and  the  blackish  front. 

0.  Ad.  sk.  Tilotilo,  Bolivia  {Buckley),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Type  of  O.  puicheUa.) 

10.  Ochth(Bca  mfipeotoraliB. 

Flavicola  mfipectoralis,  d^Orb,  et  Lafr,  Syn.  Av,  i.  p.  00 ;  (POrb, 

Vay,^  OU,  p.  346,  t  xzxvii.  fig.  2. 
Ochthceca  rufipectoralis,  Sd,  et  Salv,  P.  Z,  S.  1874,  p.  678  (S.  Peru), 

1879,  p.  611  (BoUvia) ;  ud,  Nomend.  p.  42 ;   Sd.  P.  Z,  S.  1873, 

p.  781  (S.  Peru)  ;  Tacz.  Om.  P6r.  ii.  p.  194. 

Above  cinereous,  wings  and  tail  slightly  darker ;  outer  web  of 
external  rectrices  white ;  lores  and  long  superciliaries  white ;  sides 
of  head  below  the  eye  and  chin  blackish,  breast  bright  rufous, 
abdomen  white,  flanks  and  under  wing-coverts  cinereous  ;  bill  and 
feet  black :  whole  length  4*6  inches,  wing  2*8,  tail  2*4.  Female 
nmilar. 

Hab,  Bolivia  and  Southern  Peru. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Tilotilo,  Bolivia  {Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

*.  Ad.  sk.  Tilotilo,  BoHvia  {Buckley).  Sclater  Coll. 

Cy  d.  Ad.  sk.  Bolivia.  T.  Bridges  [C.]. 

e.  Ad.  ik.  Ramoeani,  Bolivia  {Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/  ?  ad.  ak.  Cachupata,  S.  Peru  (  Whitely).  Salvin  Coll. 

11.  OchthoDca  lesBoni. 

Tyrannula  rufipectus,  Less.  Descr.  Mamm.  et  Ois.  p.  296  {nee  Lafr?), 
OchthoBca  leasoni,  Sdater,  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  28, 1858,  p.  654,  1860, 
DD.  63,  68,  92,  et  1871,  p.  750 ;  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  198 ;  Cab.  et  Hein. 
mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  48 ;  8cl.  et  Salv.  Nomend,  p.  42 ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S, 
1879,  611  (Antioquia);  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  533  (C.  Peru), 
1879,  p.  232,  et  1880,  p.  202  (N.  Peru),  1882,  p.  18  (N.E.  Peru) ; 
id,  Om.  Pir.  u.  p.  196 ;  Berl.  et  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1884,  p.  296 
(W.  Ecuador). 

Above  cinereous,  with  a  brownish  tinge  on  the  back ;  long  super- 
ciliaries white ;  wings  blackish ;  broad  tips  of  middle  coverts,  forming 
a  cross-band,  and  outer  edges  of  secondaries  rufous  ;  tail  blackish, 
outer  webs  of  external  pair  of  rectrices  white ;  sides  of  head  and 
chin  dark  cinereous,  throat  bright  rufous,  abdomen  white;  under 
wing-coverts  pale  cinereous ;  bill  dark  horn-colour,  feet  black : 
whole  length  5  inches,  wing  2*8,  tail  2*5.     Female  similar. 

Bab.  Colombia,  Ecuador,  and  North  and  Middle  Peru. 

Similar  to  0.  rufipectoralis,  but  distinguishable  by  the  well- 
marked  band  on  the  wings. 


Ad.sk. 

Ad.ak. 
e.  Ad.  sk. 
Ad.  ek. 
Ad,  ek. 
Ad.  sk. 
Ad.  ak. 
k.  Ad.  sk. 

.  Ad.'sk.' 
Ad.sk. 


TTKAHltlDX. 

Bogota. 

BogotA. 

Bogota. 

Medellia,  Aotioquia  (Sahnm). 
Suita  Elena,  Autioquia. 
Sicol,  Ecuador  {Buckley). 
Ssn  LucH«,  E^uikdor  (Buckleif). 
Andea  of  Quito  (Jamieton). 
Matoa,  Ek:Liadoi'  (Prater). 
Chillanes,  Ecuador. 
Ecuador  (P). 


SclateiColL     (Ty 

of  the  speines.) 
Jardioe  ColL 
SalTin-Oodmaii  Co 
Purchased. 
Salvm-Oudmon  Co 
SalfflonTC.]. 
SalTin-Qodman  Co 
SftlTin-Godman  Co 
Jardioe  Coll. 
ScUter  ColL 
L.  Fraser  [CI. 
Eytou  Coll. 


12.  Ocbtlueca  polioKaatra. 

Ocbthaca  poliogastra,  Saiv.  et  Godm.  Ibit,  1880,  p.  123. 

Above  browDish,  head  more  cincTeous ;  long  superdliaries  whiti 
viugs  blackish  ;  broad  tips  of  middle  coverta,  forming  a  croBS-ban 
and  out«r  edges  of  BccondarioB  bright  lufoua ;  tail  blackiah,  out 
webB  of  external  pair  of  rectrices  white  ;  aides  of  head  below  tl 
eyes  and  chin  cinereous;  breast  light  mfous;  abdomen  palecinereoi 
whiter  in  the  middle ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  6*3  inoh< 
■wing  2-8,  tail  2-5. 

Hah.  Sierra  Nevada  of  Santa  Marta. 

Uost  like  0.  lestoni,  but  known  by  its  brownish  upper  sorfai 
and  pale  dnereoua  belly. 

a,  b.  J  ad. ;  c.  $  Sierra  Nevada  of  Santa  Marta    Salvin-Godmao  Co 

ad.;  d  $  jr.  (Sitnota).  (Types  of  the  spedet 
ad.  sk. 

t.  Ad.  sk.  Sierra  Nevada  of  Santa  Marta    Sclater  Coll. 


5.   OCHTHOCCA.  25 

14.  OchtluBca  thoradca. 

Ockthceca  thoracica,  Tacz,  P.  Z.  S,  1874,  pp.  133,  633,  1879,  p.  232, 
et  1882,  p.  38  (Peru) ;  id.  Om.  PSr.  ii.  p.  197  ;  ScL  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S. 
1879,  p.  611  (BoUvia). 

Above  and  below  dark  blackish  cinereous,  patch  in  front  of  eye 
and  slight  superciliaries  white ;  breast  cinnamomeous  chestnut ;  under 
wing-coverts  whitish;  bill  and  feet  black:  whole  length  4*8  inches, 
wing  2-7,  taU  2-2. 

Bab.  Peru  and  Bolivia. 

At  once  recognizable  from  0,  cinnamomeiventris  by  the  black  belly. 

«,  b.  Ad.  sk.  Tilotilo,  Bolivia  (Buckley),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  ak.  Tilotilo,  Bolivia  {Buckley).  Sclater  Coll. 

15.  OchthoBca  nigprita. 

Ochthoeca  nigrita,  Scl.  et  Salv,  P.  Z,  S,  1870,  p.  787 ;  iid.  Nomencl. 
p.  42 ;  Sd,  P,  Z.  S,  1871,  p.  750;  Tacz.  Om,  Pir,  ii.  p.  197. 

Above  and  below  nearly  uniform  slaty  black  ;  short  superciliaries 
white ;  bill  dark  horn-colour ;  feet  black :  whole  length  6*2  inches, 
wing  2-6,  tail  1-8. 

Hab.  Andes  of  Venezuela  and  Peru. 


0.  J  ad.  sk.         Merida,  Venezuela  (Goering),  Sclater  Coll.     (Type 

of  the  species.) 
h,  Jr.  sk.  Merida,  Venezuela  (Goering).         Salvin-Qodman  Coll. 

16.  OchthoDca  salviiiL 

Ochthoeca  salvini,  Tacz.  P.  Z,  S,  1877,  pp.  324,  752  (W.  Peru)  ;  id. 
Om.  Pir,  ii.  p.  200. 

Above  grey,  darker  on  the  head ;  front  and  superciliaries  before 
the  eye  yellow,  behind  the  eye  white ;  wings  blackish ;  broad  tips 
of  lesser  and  middle  coverts  and  outer  margins  of  secondaries  white  ; 
tail  black,  external  webs  of  outer  pair  of  rectrices,  and  basal  portion 
of  external  webs  of  next  two  pairs  and  tips  of  all  rectrices  white  : 
beneath  pale  lemon-yellow,  crissum  and  under  wing-coverts  whitish ; 
bill  and  feet  black  :  whole  length  5  inches,  wing  2*7,  tail  2*4. 

Hab,  Coast  of  !North  Peru. 

At  once  known  by  its  pale  yellow  under-surface. 

a.  (S  ad.  sk.  Tunibez,  Peru  (Stolzmann),  Sclater  Coll.      (Au- 

thentic specimen.) 

17.  OchthoBca  rnfimarginata. 

Ochthoeca  rnfimarginata,  Lawr,  Ann,  Lye,  N,  Y,  ix.  p.  266 ;  Scl, 
P,  Z,  S.  1871,  p.  750 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  42  ;  Tacz,  P,  Z,  S, 
1880,  p.  202  (N.  Peru)  ;  id.  Om,  P6r,  ii.  p.  196. 

Above  mouse-brown,  rather  more  rufous  on  the  rump ;  wings 
blackish ;  narrow  margins  of  primaries,  broad  ends  of  outer  sccon- 


26  TTBAllIIIItJt. 

dariea  and  of  ving-oorerta,  forming  two  distinct  bands,  brig) 
mfouB ;  tail  dark  brown,  with  slight  rufous  edgings :  below  pa 
yeUowish,  throat  white,  sides  of  breast  broffnish ;  under  win] 
coverts  pale  yellowish  ;  bill  and  feet  blaok :  whole  length  5-4  inch* 
■wing  2-.'>,  tail  2-5,     Femak  similar. 

Hab.  Ecuador  and  Peru. 

The  strongly  marked  wings  with  rufoos  bonds  distingmsh  tb 
■omewhat  iw^ted  species. 


a,b.  Ad.sk. 
e.  Ad.sk. 
d.  Ad.  sk. 
A  Ad.ak. 


Sical,  Ecuador  (Buekluf). 
Imtac,  EcawIor(5ucU^). 
Ecuador  (Bucklm). 
Cttterro,  Pern  i&oimaim). 


Sslnn-Oodmon  Ca 
SdsterCcdL 
Sclater  ColL 


18.  Oehthceca.  diadema. 


Mecocerculus  diadems,  Sel.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  199. 
Ochthteca  disdema,  8cl.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  760;  Sd.  U  Sals.  Nomai. 
p.  42 ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  fill. 


Above  dark  olive,  blackish  on  the  head  and  slightly  rufescent  c 
the  rump ;  broad  front  and  superciliary  stripe  yellow ;  wings  ai 
tail  blackish,  slightly  edged  with  olive :  beneath  bright  olive,  midd 
of  abdomen  yellow ;  under  wing-ooverta  yellowish ;  bill  hon 
colour,  feet  brown :  whole  length  4-5  inches,  wing  2-3,  tail 
Female  similar. 

Hah.  Venezuela  and  Colombis. 


Venezuela  (Oomng). 


6.  MSOOOBBOfULUS.  27 

MecocerculuB^  Sd,  P,  Z,  8. 1862,  p.  113. M.  Betophagoidee. 


Bill  and  foot  of  Meeocereuku  leitcophrya. 

This  little  group  is  closely  allied  to  OehthoBcay  but  distinguished  by 
its  more  compressed  bill  and  longer  tail.  Like  Ochthcecaf  it  is  peculiar 
to  the  higher  Andes. 

Key  to  the  Species. 

A.  Throat  white. 
0.  Tail  uniform, 
a'.  Head  olive. 

I  Rump  like  the  back 1.  leucophrys,  p.  27. 

I  Rump  pale  fulyous 2.  uropygialis,  p.  28. 

b\  Head  grey 3.  stictoptertu,  p.  28. 

b.  Tail  partly  white : 

{secondaries edged  with  rufous 4.  caloptertiSy  p.  29. 
secondaries  edged  with  olive  5.  pascUocercus,  p.  29. 

B.  Throat  yellow     6.  consobrinuSy  p.  30. 


1.  Mecocercnlus  leacophrys. 

Musdcapa  leucophrys,  d'Orb.  et  Lafr.  Syn,  Av.  i.  p.  63. 

Muscicapara  leucophrys,  d'Orb.  Voy.y  Ois.  p.  327. 

Mecocerculus  leucoplir}8,  ScL  Cat,  A.  B.  p.  199. 

Ochthoeca  leuconhrys,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  28,  et  1871,  p.  760 ; 
Cab.  et  Hein,  mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  48. 

Tvrannula  setophagoides,  Bp.  Act.  Scietiz.  Ital.  Mediol.  p.  406; 
'  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  149. 

MyiarchuB  setophagoides,  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  1^. 

Ochthoeca  setophagoides,  Cab.  et  Heiru  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  48 ;  Scl.  et 
Salv.  P.  Z.  8. 1868,  p.  170  (Venezuela),  1870,  p.  781,  et  1879, p.  611 
(Bolivia) ;  iid.  Nomencl.  p.  42 ;  Wyatt,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  331  (Colom- 
bia) ;  8alv.  Ibisy  1886,  p.  291  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Mecocerculus  setophagoides,  Berl.  J.  /.  0. 1884,  p.  297. 

Above  olive-brown,  darker  on  the  head,  slight  superciliaries 
white  ;  wings  blackish  ;  broad  ends  of  two  rows  of  coverts  (forming 
two  bands)  and  outer  edges  of  secondaries  yellowish  white ;  tail 


St)  TTUFirlDX. 

brown :  beneath  pale  snlphar-yellow,  throat  greyish  white ; 
wing^raverts  yeUowisb  ;  bill  and  feet  black .-  whole  leug 
inches,  wing  2-5,  tail  2-5.     Female  similar,  but  smaller. 

ffab.  Andes  of  Colombia,  Ecnador,  Peru,  Bolivia,  and  Ven 
and  Boraima,  British  Guiana. 

a,  &.  <;$Bd.  sk.       Siern  Nevada  of  Santa  Marta    ScUterCoU. 


,  tf .  Ad.  sk. 

Bogota. 

ScUter  Coll. 

,  Ad.  sk. 

Bogota. 

Salrin-Godmt 

,  g.  Ad.  Bk. 

Bozota. 

Purchased. 

.  $  ad.  ak. 

Meridft,  Venezuela  (Goenng). 

Salvin-Godmj 

Ad.  Bk. 

Caracas,  Veoezuela  (  Ootrmg). 

Salvin-Godms 

cJ  ad.sk. 

Venezuela  l^Qoering'i. 

Sclater  CoU. 

,  A  ij  5  ad.  sk. 

Roraima,      Brit.      Ouiana 

{miUtg). 
Boraima,     Brit.     Guiana 

Salvin-Uodou 

.,».  rfSad.sk. 

Sdater  CoU. 

{  WhiUly). 

.  Ad.  sk. 

Tilotilo,  Bolivia  {Buoldty). 

Salvin-Godrnf 

2.  Hecooercnlns  nroprgialia. 

Mecocerculus  uropymalis,  Laicrence,  Arm.  L.  N.  Y.  ix.  p.  266. 
Tyrannisciis  uropj-gialiH,  Bert,  et  Tan.  P.  Z.  S.  1884,  p.  286. 

Apparently  closely  allied  to  M.  leueo^hryw,  but  dietingnia 
ite  smaller  size,  lightr-coloured  tail-coverta,  and  unifonu 
under  surface. 

Hah.  Western  Ecuador. 

I  have  examined  two  spoeimens  of  this  species,  Mr.  Law. 
type  aed  an  example  kindly  lent  to  me  by  Graf  v.  Berlepsch. 


6.    HBC00EBC17LUB.  29 

a.  (^  ad.  ak.  Riobamba,  Ecuador  {F^aser),  Sclater  ColL 

i-Aisk.  Matofl,  Ecuador  (i^rflwer).  Sclater  Coll.    (Types 

of  the  species.) 

c  cJ  ad.  ak.  Lloa,  Ecuador  (Fraser),  L.  Fraser  fC.]. 

d.  Ad.  ak.  PuDaI.,Gu7aquil(  Ft //^^omez).  Salvin-Goaman  Coll. 

«•  Ad.  aL  San  Lucas,  Ecuador  (  Viila-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/  Ad.  ak.  Ecuador  (Jameson),  Jardine  Coll. 

y.  Ad.  ak.  Jima,  Ecuador  (Buckley),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

h.  Ad.  ak.  Rio  Napo.  Sclater  Coll. 

hj.  Ad.  ak.  Bogota.  Solater  Coll. 

ijl.  Ad.  ak.  Bogota.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

M.  $  ad.  ak.  Merida,  Venezuela  (Goering).  Salvin-Godman  ColL 


4.  Mecocercnlus  caloptems. 

Formicivora  caloptera,  Scl,  P.  Z.  8.  I80O,  p.  142. 
Serpophaga  leucura,  Lawr,  Ibisy  1875,  p.  ^4,  pi.  ix.  iig.  2. 
Serpophaga  caloptera,  Scl  et  Salv,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  271. 
Ochthceca  caloptera,  Tacz,  P.  Z.  S,  1879,  p.  233  (N.  Peru). 
Mecocerculus  calopterus,  Berl.  et  Tacz.  P.  Z,  S.  1884,  p.  296  (W. 
Ecuador) ;  Tacz.  Om,  P^.  ii.  p.  202. 

Above  olive-green,  head  cinereous;  well-marked  saperciliaries 
white ;  wings  blackish ;  wing-coverts  broadly  tipped  with  yellowish 
▼hite,  which  forms  two  cross-bands  ;  outer  margins  of  secondaries 
pale  chestnut,  forming  a  broad  patch  when  the  wing  is  closed; 
middle  tail-feathers  dark  cinereous,  three  outer  pairs  nearly  wholly 
white :  beneath  white,  belly,  flanks,  and  under  wing-coverts  tinged 
with  sulphur-yellow ;  bill  blackish,  feet  dark  cinereous :  whole 
length  4  inches,  wing  2,  tail  1*8.     Female  similar. 

Bah.  Ecuador  and  Peru. 

The  pale  chestnut  patch  on  the  secondaries  renders  this  species 
easily  recognizable.  Its  correct  position  is  still,  to  my  mind,  a  little 
uncertain :  it  is  perhaps  better  placed  here  than  in  any  other 
recognized  genus,  but  the  wings  and  tail  are  much  shorter  than  in 
true  Mecocerculus. 

«.  Ad.  Bk.  Pallatanga,  Ecuador  (Prober).    Sclater  Coll.    (Type 

of  the  species.)  * 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Pallatanga,  Ecuador.  L.  Fraser  I C.]. 

c.  $  ad.  sk.  Tambillo,  Peru  (Stolzmann).       Sclater  Coil. 

5.  Mecocercnlns  pcecilocercns. 

Serpophaga  poecilocerca,  Scl.  et  Salv,  Nomencl.  pp.  47,  158;  Tacz, 

P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  233  (N.  Peru). 
Mecocercidus  poecilocercus,  Berl.  et  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1884,  p.  295  (W. 

Ecuador);  Tacz.  Om,  Fir,  ii.  p.  203 ;  Berl.  J.  f.  O.  1884,  p.  297 

(Bucaramanga). 

Above  olive-green,  head  cinereous,  slight  superciliaries  whitish  ; 
wings  blackish,  tijis  of  coverts  yellowish  white,  forming  two  trans- 
verse wing-bars ;  narrow  outer  margins  of  remiges  also  yellowish  ; 


80  tTBADinSX. 

t&il  pole  oinoreoiu,  inner  weba  of  foor  external  rectrioee  more  or  1 
wholly  white:  beneath  white  ;  throat  and  breast  slightly  cinerasce 
lower  belly,  flanks,  and  under  wing-corerta  tinged  with  pale  snlphi 
yellow ;  bill  brown,  whitish  at  the  base ;  feet  brown  :  whole  leiif 
4  inches,  wing  2-3,  toil  22. 

Hah.  Eooador,  Colombia,  and  Pern. 

Apparently  allied  te  M.  ealopterai,  bat  without  the  chestnat  pat 
on  the  wings,  and  with  the  ou/tr  weba  of  the  eitemal  reotrit 


n.  $  ad.  sk. 

ft.    Ad.  Bk. 

e.  J  ad.  sk. 
d,  e.  Ad.  sk. 
/.  Ad.  8k. 


Puellaro,  Ecuador  (_FraMr). 


Tamtnllo,  Prfm{SUizmartn). 
Jima,  £!cuadnr  {Buekiey). 
Paste,  Ecuador  (Lehniam). 


Sclater  Coll.     (Tj 

of  the  spedes.) 
Sclater  ColL 
Sclater  CoU. 
SalviD-Oodman  Cc 
Salvin-Oodman  Ci 


9.  Keoocercnliu  Gonaobriiiiu. 
OehthtBca  consobrina,  Berl.  IbU,  1886,  p.  289. 
"  The  bock  ia  of  a  very  dark  olive^een,  the  tep  of  the  hei 
presenting  a  slight  suffosioD  of  a  dark  ashy  or  blackish  oolonr.  Tl 
chin,  tores,  and  feathers  round  the  eye,  as  well  as  an  inoons^cuoi 
or  ill-defined  superciliary  stripe,  appear  dull  whitish.  The  ea 
coverts  are  yellowish  olive-green,  bordered  with  blackish  on  the 
tips.  The  whole  under  surface  of  the  body  is  of  an  int«nse  eulpba 
vellow,  suffused  or  flammulated  with  olive-green  on  the  throat  an 
Dreast.  Wing  and  tail-feathers  blackish  brown,  the  latter  marine 
with  olive-green.  The  primaries,  from  the  third  to  the  sixth,  ai 
maigined  with  rusty  yellowtah  from  the  base  to  a  short  distant 
from  the  tip,  while  ia  tiie  secondaries  these  margins  do  not  be^ 
until  the  middle  of  the  foather  itnd  o.xtL'nd  to  the  lip  itself.     Th 


7.  oosTHOBBn. 


7.  OCHTHOBins  * 


8lTU«tar«  of  Oehikomii  Itiiorala, 

Under  this  term  I  propose  to  separate  a  singular  species  vhich 
Hot  t.  Felzeln  has  placed  in  Elainta,  and  I  in  Oehthoxa.  It  is, 
Werer,  I  think  most  nearly  allied  to  the  last-named  genus,  from 
which  it  seems  distinct  in  its  roach  smoother  rictus  with  scarcely 
mj  Hte,  shorter  wings,  and  shorter  tail.  Id  general  coloration  it 
i)  Tery  similar  to  SayomU  pallida,  but  much  smaller  in  size.  It  is 
feund  in  Quiana  and  Amazonia. 

1.  Ocbtltorms  littoralis. 

Elainea  littoralis,  Petz.  Om.  Bras.  p.  108. 

Ochthceca  rourina,  Sd.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  749,  et  1881,  p.  314  (Brit 
Qniana);  Sd.  et  Saiv.  Nomencl.  p  42. 

Pale  brownish  cinereous,  rather  polor  below ;  cap,  wings,  and  tail 
brown ;  lores,  aupercillarios,  and  throat  whitish  ;  bill  and  feet  black ; 
whole  length  5-4  inches,  wing  2-S,  tail  2-4.     Female  similar. 

Sab,  Guiana  and  Amazonia. 


■.Ad.Bk. 

i.  Ad.  sk. 
c,d.  2  ad.  A. 
«,/.  Ad.  ek. 
;.  Ad.  sk. 


Oyapoc  (Jeliki). 

Britieh  Quisna  (BrotDti). 
YquHos,  K  Peru  (H.  Whitdy). 
Saravacu,  Ecuador  (C.  BveMey). 
Rio  Javari,  Upper  Amaxons. 


Sclater  Coll.  (Type 
of  OvhiluBea  murina^ 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Qodman  ColL 
H.  W.  Bates  [C.]. 


'  'OxSo*,  bank,  and  Spvu,  a  biid. 


8.  SATOEJnS.  ,__ 

Type. 
SsTornb,  Bp.  Ann.  So.  Nat.  s^.  4,  Zool.  t  i.  p.  133 

(1864) S.  paUidft. 

Aul&nai,  (kii>.  J.f.  Om.  1856,  p.  2 8.  iii)picAii 

Tberomjiae,  Oi6.  ri  -ffe/n.  jWuji.  ffein.  ii.  p.  68  (1859)    S.  wya. 

Soyoniw  containB  a  amall  group  of  Tijrannidce  allied  to  Ocklhat 
but  of  rather  larger  &\7,a,  and  with  a  longer  and  etrotigGr  bill,  whii 
has  induced  the  American  ornithologists  to  place  them  ne 
Myiarchui.  Their  water-loving  habits,  however,  as  well  as  the 
Btructuro  accord  better  with  those  of  the  TceniopUrinie, 

Two  species  of  Sayomis,  aometimea  referred  to  different  genei 
are  summer  visitants  to  the  United  States;  the  others  ranj 
thrOQgh  Central  America  to  Bolivia. 

The  DoatB  of  this  group  are  open  and  cap-shaped,  and  placed  < 
rocks ;  eggs  white. 

Key  to  the  Speeia. 

A.  Plumage  brown ;  bellv  rufous    1.  pallida,  p.  3S. 

R  Plumage  blackish;  bellj  while. 

a.  Crinsum  white  3.  nigrieant,  p.  3 

b.  Crissum  cineraaus : 

I  wing'Coverts  dark 3.  aifuatiea,  p.  i 

I  wing-coverts  edged  with  white    4.  cmeracea,  p.  { 


1.  SayoniiB  pallida. 
Muscicaps  saya,  Bp.  Am.  Om.  i.  p.  20,  pi.  2.  f.  3  (1826). 
Ochlhoeca  eaya,  Gift,  Wiefftn.  Arch.  1847,  i.  p.  265. 
Tvmnnula  saya,  Bp.  Conip.  \.  p.  180. 

Auliiurti  rtflvus.  Ciih.  Jmrn.f.  Oni.  IWJfl,  p.  2. 
■"     mmuU  pdlidB.  Sic  PhU.  Mag.  1S27.  i.  "   '■"" 


8.   BATORNIS.  33 

f  Adsk.  Divide  Forks,  Platte  River  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(/.  O,  Cooper), 

A.  Ad.  sL  Orizaba,  Mexico  (Botteri).  Sclater  Coll. 

t.  Ad.  sk.  City  of  Mexico  {Angelo),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/  Ad.  sk.  Mexico.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

k.  Ad.  ak.  Mexico.  Purchased. 


2.  SayomiB  nigricaiiB. 

INrrannula  nigricans,  Sw,  PhU.  Mag.  1827,  i.  p.  367. 

Myiarchus  ni^cans,  Cab,  in  Tgch,  Faun,  Per.  p.  153. 

Sayomis  nigricans,  Bp.  Compt,  Bend,  xxxviii.  p.  667;  id.  Notes  Om. 
p.  87 ;  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  296,  1857,  p.  127,  1858,  p.  457, 
1869,  p.  383, 1864,  p.  176  (Mexico) ;  id.  Cat  A.  ^.  p.  200 ;  id.  Ibis, 
1869,  p.  438 ;  Sclat.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  43 ;  Baird,  B.  N.  Am. 
p.  183 ;  Baird,  Brew,  et  Ridgw.  N.  A.  B.  ii.  p.  340 ;  Coues,  Key 
h884),  5.  437 ;  Bidgw.  Man.  N.  A.  B.  n.  336. 

Aulanax  nigricans,  Oab.  Journ.  f.  Om.  1856,  p.  2;  Cab.  et  Hein. 
Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  68. 

MnBcicapa  semi-atra,  Vig.  Zool.  Beechey^s  Voy,  p.  17. 

Above  dark  cinereous,  blackish  on  head,  wings,  and  tail ;  outer 
margins  of  wing-coverts  and  secondaries  whitish  ;  outer  web  of 
external  tail-feather  white :  below  blackish ;  belly,  crissum,  and 
under  wing-coverts  white ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  6*8 
inches,  vnng  3*6,  tail  3*2.     Female  similar. 

Hah.  Western  and  Central  North  America  and  Mexico. 

A  Ad.  sk.  California  {Bell).  Sclater  Coll. 

6.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Saticov,  Cal.  {J.  G.  Cooper).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Cohuilla  V^ley,  CaHfomia.  G.  F.  Morcom  [P.]. 

d.  Jr.  ak.  California.  Lord  Walsingham  1  P.]. 

e.  5  ad.  sk.  Mazatlan,  Mex.  {Forrer).  Salvin-Godman  ColL 
/.  d  ad.  sk.  Presidio,  Mex.  (Forrer).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
g.  J  ad.  sk.  Oaxaca,  Mex.  (Fenochio).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
A.  Ad.  sk.  Mexico.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
i  Ad.  ak.  Mexico.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

j4.  Ad.  sk.  Mexico.  Purchased, 

m.  Ad.  St.  Mexico.  Purchased. 


3.  Sayornis  aqoatica. 

Sayomis  aquatica,  Scl.  et  Salv.  Ibis,  1869,  p.  119;  iid.  Nomencl.  id.  43; 

Sd.  Cat.  A.  ^.  p.  200 ;  Boucard,  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  62  (Costa  Rica). 
Aulanax  aquatica,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  68. 
Sayomis  nigricans,  var.  aquatica,  Baird,  Brew,  et  Ridgw.  N.  A.  B. 

u.  p.  340. 

Above  sooty  black,  paler  on  the  Ipwer  back;  wings  and  tail 
blackish;  narrow  outer  margins  of  secondaries  and  outer  web  of 
external  primary  white :  below  sooty  black,  centre  of  belly 
white,  crissum  cinereous ;  under  wing-coverts  white  mixed  with 
blackish ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  6*3  inches,  wing  3*4, 
tail  3. 

VOL.  XIV.  D 


34  TrKAnniDA. 

Hidt.  Guatemala  and  Central  America  to  Costa  Rica. 

To  be  diBtingaished  from  S.  nigrkant  by  its  darker  colon 
ashy  crissum,  and  from  S.  eineraeea  by  ihe  mach  less  amoi 
white  on  the  wing. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Bnenas,  Guatemala  (Stdvin).  Sslvin-GodrnMi  Coll.  1    ' 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Duenas,  Ouotamala  (Salvia).  Sdater  CoH              >  < 

c.  Ad.  Bk.  DuenBB,  Guatsmala  (Sofvtn).  Salvin-Godman  ColL )  e; 

d.  Ad.  ek.  Guatemala.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

/,/.  Ad.  ek.  Costa  Rica  (Arcf).  Salvm-GodmaD  Coll. 

g.  Ad.  ek.     Costa  lUca  lEadrei).  Salriu-Godman  ColL 


4.  Sayornifl  eineraeea. 

Tjnnnula  dseracea,  Lafr.  Hev.  Zod.  1848,  p.  8. 
SaroTDis  eineraeea,  Sd.  P.  Z.  S.  1868,  pp.  450,  4S7,  et  1860, 
(Ecuador) ;   id.   Cat.  A.  S.  p.  200 ;  Scl.  et  Sato.  P.  Z.  S. 


(Colombia) ;  Tact.  Om.  Pit:  ii.  p.  204;  Btrl.  J.f.  O.  1864, 

(Tucuman) ;  Scl.  et  Sud».  Arg.  Orn.  \.-a.  121. 
Aulonax  latirosttis,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Sein.  ii.  p.  68 ;  QO.  J 

1879j  p.  336  (Tucuman). 
Sajomis  latirofltris,  Sd,  Cat.  A,  B,  p.  SOO. 
MTiaiclius  nigricanfl,  Cab.  in  Tieh.  JTaun.  Frr.,  Ave*,  p.  153 ; 

P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  639,  et  1879,  p.  236  (Peru). 

Above  dark  cinereona,  head  eooty  black  ;  wings  and  tail  blai 
outer  margins  of  the  wing-covertfi  and  BecoodarieB  and  outer  « 
the  external  tail-feather  white  :  below  sooty  black,  middle  of 
and  under  wing-coverts  white,  flanka  and  crisaum  dark  ciner 
bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  6'5  inches,  wing  3*4,  tal 
Female  similar. 


9.  FLunooLA.  35 

9.  FLUnCOLA.  ^p^ 

FIuTicoIa,  1^.  ,2oo/.  Jbfim.  iii.  p.  172  (1827)   F.  climacura. 

Entomophaffos,  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  781  (1831) F.  climacura. 

Myiophila,  Iteichenb.  Av.  8,  N.  t.  Ixvii.  (1860) F.  pica  (?). 

Hub  little  g^np  of  four  species  is  peculiar  to  South  America, 
-when  these  birds  inhabit  the  pampas,  Uanoe,  and  more  open 
spaces,  generally  resorting  to  the  vicinity  of  water.  The  plumage 
'n  bladL  and  white.  The  conformation  is  generally  that  of  Sayomis, 
but  it  has  longer  and  stronger  feet  and  a  longer  bill.  The  rictal 
Bote  are  few  and  slight.    The  sexes  are  similar. 

Key  to  the  Species, 

A.  Back  of  head  black : 

iseapularies  white 1.  pica^  p.  86. 
scapularies  black 2.  attnventris,  p.36. 

B.  Back  of  head  white : 

i  under  wing-coyerts  cinereous 8.  climacura,  p.  36. 
under  wing-coyeits  white    4.  atripetmis,  p.  87. 

1.  Fluvicola  pica* 

Gobemottche  Pie  de  Cayenne^  Daub.  PL  Erd,  676.  fig.  1. 

Musdcapa  pica,  Bodd.  Table  d.  IH,  Erd,  p.  42  (1783). 

Muflcicapa  bicolor,  Om,  8.  N.  i.  p.  946. 

Platyrbynchus  bicolor,  VieiU,  Nouv.  Diet  xxvii.  p.  13 ;  id,  Enc,  MSth, ' 

Fluvicola  bicolor,  Cab.  in  8chomb,  Guian.  iii.  p.  703 ;  Bp.  Consp.  i. 
p.  196. 

Fluvicola  pica,  Sdater,  P.  Z.  8. 1866,  p.  148 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  ^.  p.  200;  Cab. 
et  Hein.  Mtu.  Hein.  ii.  p.  40 ;  Pelz.  Om.  Bras.  p.  97 ;  Taylor,  Ibis, 
1864,  p.  86  (Trinidad) ;  Sol.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  8. 1866,  p.  187  (TJcayaU), 
1867,  p.  694  (Lower  Amazons),  1868,  p.  168  (Venezuela),  1873, 

?.  277  (E.  Peru),  et  1876,  p.  237  (Venezuela) ;  iid.  Nomencl.  p.  43  ; 
VfwcA,  P.  Z.  8.  1870,  p.  569  (Trinidad) ;  Wyatt,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  332 
(Colombia) ;  8alv.  Ibis,  1886,  p.  291  (Brit.  Guiana) ;  id.  Cat,  8trickl. 
0)i«.  p.  297 ;  Tacz.  Om.  Ph:  ii.  p.  206. 

Aboye  white ;  back  of  head  and  middle  of  back,  except  rump, 
black ;  wings  and  tail  black ;  scapularies,  outer  edge  of  secondaries, 
and  ends  of  rectrices  white :  below  white ;  bill  and  feet  black : 
whole  length  5  inches,  wing  2*7,  tail  2*2.     Female  similar. 

ffab.  Cayenne,  Guiana,  Venezuela,  and  Colombia. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  George  Town,  Brit.    Guiana         Salyin-Godman  Coll. 

(Brown), 

h.  Ad.  sk.  Cayenne.  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  (^  ad.  fiL  Cayenne.  Jardine  ColL 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Surinam.  Salyin-Godman  Coll. 

e.  (S  ad.  sk.  Valencia.  Venezuela  {Goering).         Salyin-Godman  Coll. 
/.  Ad.  ak.  Venezuela.  D.  Dyson  fC.]. 

g.  Ad.  dk.  Trinidad.  Sclater  Coll. 

d2 


TTSAinilDJt. 


A.  Ad.  at. 
I.  Jr.  ab 
/.  Ad.  sk. 
A.  Ad.  St 


Bogotft. 

8.  Americ 
Cajeune. 


Salrin-Qodtnan  Cc 
Purchased. 
K.Wileon,  Esq.  [P 
Purcbased. 


2.  Flaricola  albireiitris. 

Muecicapa  albiventer,  Spi;r,  Av.  Brai,  ii.  p.  31,  pi.  30.  f .  1,  2. 

FluTicola  albiventriB,  Sdater,  P.  Z.  S.  18S6,  p.  148 ;  itf.  Cat.  A.  . 
p.  SOO )  Cab.  tt  Hem,  Mux.  Hetn.  ii.  p.  40  :  Tulx.  On.  Bran.  p.  6 
Scl.  et  Salv.  NomeTuJ.  p.  43 ;  iid.  P.  Z.  8.  1867,  pp.  577,  6M,  ff 
(Lower  Amaions),  1869,  p.  633  (Are.  Rep,),  et  1879,  p.  6. 
fBoUvia) ;  SvAon,  P.  Z.  8.  1870,  p.  113  (Buenos  Ayrea 
Sum/ord,  Ibis,  1878,  p.  59  CBuenos  Ayres),  et  1880,  p.  4! 
(Tucuman) ;  Set.  et  Sud».  Arg.  Ont.  i.  p.  121. 

Fluricola  bicolor,  ^Orb.   Voy.,  Om.  p.  343;  Bwm.  ^st.  Ueb. 


Above  black  ;  front  half  of  head,  narrow  band  botosb  the  ram 
and  slight  edgings  to  wing-coverta  and  outer  secondaries  whitf 
beneath  white  ;  bill  and  feet  black  :  whole  length  5'5  inches,  wir 
2*8,  tail  2*2.     Female  similar. 

Hah.  Amazonia,  Bolivia,  Brazil,  and  Argentine  Bepsblio. 

Distinguished  from  F.  pica  by  its  narrow  white  nunp-band,  atii 
with  this  ezception,  wholly  black  back. 


b.  $  ad.  sk. 

c,  d.  Ad.  sk. 
e.  cf  ad.  sk. 
/.  Ad.  at. 


Mexians,     Lower     Amazon 

(WaUace). 
Pebas^  £.  Peru  {HaMXiceO). 
Bolivia. 


Salvin-Oodman  Co 

Salyin-Qodman  Col 
ScUter  Coll. 
H.  Dnrnford  [0.]. 
T.  Bridges  [C.], 


10.  ABUNDINIOOLA.  37 

Of  b.  Ad.  sk.  Bahia  ( Wucherer),  Salyin-Godman  Coll. 

c.  A(L  sL  Bahia.  Sdater  Coll. 

df  e.  A(L  sk.  Pernambuco  (Forbes).  Salyin-Godman  Coll. 

f.  Ad.  sL  BraziL  ^  Jardine  ColL 

(f»  Ad.  St.  Brazil.  *  Purchased. 

4.  Fluvicola  atripennis. 

Fluvicola  atripennis,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  8,  1860,  p.  280 ;  id.  Cat,  A.  B. 
p.  201 ;  Sd,  et  Saiv.  Nomend.  p.  4<i ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  pp.  319, 
326  (Peru);  tJ.  Ont.  P^r.  ii.  p.  206j  Berl,  et  Tacz,  P.  Z.  iS.  1883, 
p.  563  (W.Ecuador). 

Similar  to  F,  dimacura,  but  under  wing-ooverts  white,  not  black, 
and  wings  exteriorly  blacker. 
Bob.  Western  Ecuador  and  Peru. 

0, 6.  (J  ad.  sk.       Babahoyo,  Ecuador  {Fraser),       Sclater  OoU.    (Types 

of  the  species.) 
c.  cf  ad.  sk.  Babahoyo,  Ecuador  (JFVflwer).       L.  Eraser TC.]. 

dj  e.  Ad.  sk.  San  Lucas,  Ecuador  (  ViUa-         Salvin-Godman  ColL 

gomez). 


10.  ABUNDINICOLA. 

Type. 

Amndmicola,  tTOrb,  Fby.,  Ois,  p.  334  (1839) A.  leucocephala. 

Myiophila,  Reichenb,  Av,  Syst,  Nat,  t.  Ixvii.  (1850).  .A.  leucocephala.* 

This  monotypic  form  has  much  of  the  structure  of  Fluvicola^  but 
has  a  stronger  bill  and  shorter  wing.  It  is  a  marsh-loving  bird,  and 
is  found  in  suitable  localities  all  over  South  America  from  Colombia 
to  Brazil.     The  sexes  are  different. 


1.  Anmdinicola  leucocephala. 

Pipra  leucocephala,  Linn,  S.  N.  i.  p.  340. 

Musdcapa  dominicaDa,  Spif,  Av.  Bras.  ii.  p.  21,  pi.  29.  f.  2. 

Muscicapa  leucocephala,  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  822. 

Arundinicola  leucocephala,  Bp,  Consp.  i.  p.  194;  d'Orb.  Voy.,  Ois. 
p.  334;  CiU).  in  Scnomb.  Quian.  iii.  p.  703;  Burm.  Syst.  Ud).  ii. 
p.  512 ;  Sd.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  201 ;  Peh.  Om.  Bras.  p.  98 ;  8d.  et  Salv. 
Nomencl.  p.  43  ;  iid.  P.  Z.  8. 1867,  p.  978  (E.  Peru) ;  1869,  p.  252 
(Venezuela),  1873,  p.  277  (E.  Peru),  et  1879,  p.  611  (Bolivia) ; 
Wyatt,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  332  (Colombia);  Forbes,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  841 
(N.E.  Brazil) ;  id.  P.  Z.  8.  1881,  p.  437  ;  Salv.  Ibis,  1886,  p.  291 
(Brit.  Guiana);  Tacz.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  207;  8d.  et  Suds.  Arg.  Om. 
i.  p.  122. 

Blionectes  leucocephalus.  Cab.  in  Tsch.  Faun.  Per.  j).  148. 

Dixiphia  leucocepnala,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  41. 

Black ;  whole  head  and  neck  and  a  patch  on  the  flanks  white ; 
bill  horn-colour,  base  of  lower  mandible  white  ;  feet  black  :  whole 


*  Cf.  Graj,  List  of  Gen.  (1855),  p.  48. 


length  5  iiiches,  wing  2-5,  tail  VS.  Femalf.  Above  cinereous,  front 
and  sides  of  he&d  whitish;  tail  black;  beneath  white;  flanks  and 
tinder  wing-coverts  einerascent. 

Bab.  Colombia  and  southwards  to  Bolivia  and  Argentina. 

n.  tS  ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Salvin-fJodman  ColL 

b.  d  ad- sk.  Valencia,  V^ieKuelafl^ncnii?).  Salvin-Godmau  Coll. 

e.  2  ad.sk.  MBriirift,Veneiuela  (GwWny).  Salvin-Qodmwi  CoU.         | 

d.  $  ad,  ak.  Cayenne.  Sdater  Coll. 

<'i/-  <J  $  ad.  ak.  Barticft  Grove,   Brit.  Ouinna  Salyin-Oodman  Coll.         i 

J.  cf  ad.  at  PebaB,  E.l'eru  (fiiwrice//)-  Salvin-Godman  Coll,        I 

h,  i.  (J  2  ad,  fik.  Pemainbiico  (Forhai)  Salvin-Godnmn  Coll.        1 

j,  A.  (f  9  ad.  sk.  Bahia  ( Wucliera-).  Salvin-Godman  Coll.        , 

/,  m-cf  ad.  et  i^jr.  Rio     Ckro,     Oojai,      Braiil  Salviu-Godnian  OoU.        ^ 

bIl  (Jot/no-). 

n.  iS  ad.  Bk.  Pelotaa,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Salvin-Qodman  CoUL 

Brazil  {Joyner). 

o.  tS  ad.  sk.  BraziL  SclaUr  Coll. 

p,q.  rf  ad.  ak.  Braiil.  J.  Gould,  Esq.      ^^^H 

U.  AL&CTBUBTJS.  ^^| 

Type.  ^^^ 

Aiectmrus,  Fieill.  Anaiyie,  p.  30  (1810) A.  tricolor,  ■ 

Gallita,  VieOl.  Analytie,  p.  68  f  181(f) A.  tricolor. 

Xwiums,  Boie,  leit,  1820,  p.  973 A.  tricolor. 

Yelapa,  Lrsi.  TV.  if  Onj.  p.  387  (1831)   A,  risoriua. 

PnalidurB,  Gtiffcr,  Band,  u,  Biffnb.  p.  320  (1843)    . , . .  A.  risoriua. 

Aleflrunis  cmbrncea  two  species,  peculiar  to  tie  pampas-district 
of  South  America  (from  H,E.  Brazil  to  the  middle  of  the  Argentine 
Republic),  and  at  onco  known  by  the  extraordinary  development 
of  the  outer  rectricos  in  the  male,  which,  however,  is  verj-  different 
in  the  two  species.  In  A.  tricolor  this  peculiar  rectrix  is  only 
moderately  lengthened,  but  also  laterally  developed  by  the  extreme 
elongation  of  the  web  of  the  inner  vane.     In  A.  risoriua   it  is 

Head  ot  Jlfdruna  ruoriiu  cf. 

enormously  lengthened  to  nearly  four  times  the  length  of  the  normal 
feathers ;  its  base  is  denuded  on  both  sidee,  and  beyond  the  naked 
base  the  inner  web  only  is  much  developed,  the  outer  web  being 


M 


11.  ALEOTBITBUB.  39 

Iiardly  apparent.  In  both  species  the  outer  primary  is  abnormally 
shortened,  and  terminates  in  the  male  in  a  point^  end  taming 
inwards.  In  A,  risoriia  the  male  in  the  breeding-season  altogether 
loses  Uie  feathers  on  the  throat  and  sides  of  the  head  below  the 
eyes,  and  the  naked  skin  becomes  of  a  bright  orange  colour  (see 
ex.  e).    (Cf .  Barrows,  BulL  Nutt  Orn.  CL  ii  p.  140.) 

Key  to  the  Species. 

A.  Smaller ;  black  breast-collar  imperfect ;    external 

rectrix  of  male  slightly  elongated  and  broadened  1.  tricolor,  p.  39. 

B.  Larger ;  black  breast-collar  broad ;  external  rectrix 

of  male  much  elongated,  not  broadened   2.  risoruu,  p.  89. 


1.  Alectmrns  tricolor. 

GaDito,  Azara,  Apwit.  ii.  p.  240. 

Alectruros  tricolor,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  p.  408 ;  id,  Enc.  MSth.  p.  860 ; 

Bp.  Corup,  L  p.  194;  d'Orb,  Voy.,  Ois,  p  341 ;  Burm.  Syst.  ueh.  ii. 

p.  511 ;  Sd.  Cat.  A.  B.ia.  201 ;  Pek.  Om.  Bras.  p.  98 ;  Scl.  et  Salv. 

T.  Z.  8. 1879,  p.  611  (Bohvia)  ;  itd.  Nomencl  p.  43  ;  Sd.  et  Huds. 

Arg.  Om.  i.  p.  122. 
Alectora  azane,  8w,  Nat.  Libr.,  Fl^catck.  p.  96,  pi.  6. 
Musdcapa  alector.  Max.  Bdtr.  ill.  p.  874 ;   Ltcht,  DotM.  p.  63 ; 

Temm.  Pi.  Col.  156. 
Muscicapa  alectrura,  VieiU.  Oal.  Ois.  p.  211,  pL  132. 
Gallita  tricolor,  Vieill.  AnaL  p.  68. 
Alectrurus  alector,  Less.  IV.  aOm.  i.  p.  387. 

Aboye  black ;  rump  greyish ;  sides  of  the  head,  scapularies,  lesser 
wing-coverts,  and  outer  margins  of  secondaries  white ;  tail  black, 
onter  rectrix  on  each  side  produced,  expanded,  fan-shaped :  beneath 
white,  patch  on  each  side  of  the  breast  forming  an  incomplete  collar, 
black;  bill  horn-colour;  feet  black:  whole  length  7*2  inches, 
wing  2*8,  tail,  outer  rectr.  2*5,  middle  rectr.  1*5.  Female.  Above 
brown  ;  rump  and  lesser  wing-coverts  pale :  beoeath  dirty  white ; 
sides  of  breast  brown ;  tail  short  and  even. 

Eah,  Pampas  of  South  Brazil,  Paraguay,  Uruguay,  and  Argentine 
Republic. 

a,  b.  ($  ad, ;  c.  2     Pelotas.  Kio  Grande  do  Sul,    Salvin-Godman  Ooll. 

ad.  sk.  Brazil  (Joyner). 

rf, «.  d  $  ad. ;/.  $    Brazil.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

ad.  sk. 

y.  S  jr.  sk.  Brazil.  Sclater  CoU. 

A.  c^  ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Purchased. 

^  /.  c^  ad.  sk.  S.  America.  Jardine  Coll. 

«, «.  Ad.  st  Brazil.  Dr.  J.  E.  Gray  [P.]. 


2.  Alectmrns  risoriiui. 

Cola  rara  pardo  y  bianco,  Azaroj  Apunt.  ii.  p.  244. 

Le  guira-yetapa,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Did.  xii.  p.  409 ;  id.  Enc.  Mith.  p.  861. 

Moficicapa  risoria,  VieiU.  Gal.  Ois.  i.  p.  209,  pi.  131  (1825). 


Alactruriu  morius,  Sd.  et  Huds.  Arg.  Orn.  i.  p.  12S. 
Alectruma  guini-yetepa,  tCOrh.  et  Lafr.  Syn.  Av.  i,  p.  64  (1* 
■  d'Orb.  Voy.,  Ou.  p.  342 ;  Gray  in  Zoot.  Voy. '  Beaole,'  p.  iii.  p 

Bp.  Conip.  i.  p.  194;  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  201 ;  Pilz.  Orn.  . 

p.  98;  Sci  d  Solo.  Nomencl.y.  43;  Th^Jord,  JhU,  1878, 

^uenos  Ayres) ;   Barr<ne$,  _     -■    — 

(Entrerioa) ;  OAion,  Ibit,  18f    ,  , . 
Miwcicapa  psdure,  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  877  ; 
Yetftpa  pgaliira,  Leit.  Tr.  dOm.  i.  p.  387. 
Pwlidurs  guirayetapa,  Cab.  et  Stint,  Mu».  Sein.  ii.  p.  43. 
Alectruma  pBolunia,  Bwm.  Syst.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  510 ;  id.  Xor^ata  J 


01.  Nutt.   6m.  Citib,  viii.  1 
p.  279  (Paysandii). 

""7;   femm.  A.  CW.  286 


Above  black,  romp  grey;  front  varied  with  whit«  ;  wings  bl 
BCapularies,  outer  margiDB  of  wing-feathers,  and  coverts  w' 
tail  black ;  two  onter  rectrioes  much  elougated,  dennded  at 
base,  with  a  broad  inner  and  no  outer  vane:  beneath  white,  1 
band  across  the  breast  black ;  tbroat  in  the  breeding-season  bt 
featbers  and  of  a  bright  orange ;  bill  yellowish  ;  feet  black  :  ^ 
lengtih  11  inches,  wing  3,  tail,  outer  rectr.  8,  middle  2.  Fe 
Above  browB,  wings  varied  with  white ;  sides  of  head  w 
beneath  white,  breast-band  pale  brown ;  tail  with  the  two 
rectrices  elightly  elongated  and  denuded,  terminated  with  spa 
tions  on  the  inner  vane. 

Hab.  Pampas  of  Paraguay,  Uruguay,  and  Ai^ntine  BepnU 


a.  g  ad.  ak. 

i.  <f  ad.  sk. 

c.  d  ad.  sk. 

*.  Jr.  sk. 


La  Plata. 

Maldonado. 

PftTsandii,  Urugnay  {Gibion). 

Lugan  Bridge,  Buenos  Ayrea. 


Sdater  Coll. 
Capt  Fitsroy  [1 
Sclater  Ooll. 
H.  Dumford  [C 


CYBERNETE3. 


13.    BI80PTOT8.  41 

Gnbemetes  foificatuSy  Sw,  Nat  Idbr,,  Flycatch,  p.  92,  pi.  6. 

TyrumuB  cmmingliamiiy  Less,  Tr,  tfOm,  p.  382. 

Guberaetes  yiperu,  Hartl.  Ind,  Az,  p.  6 ;    Burm.  Syst   Ueb,  ii. 

p.  509. 
Alectrunis  yetapa,  cTOrb,  Toy.,  Ois,  p.  342. 
Crbernetes  yetapa,  Cab.  et  Hein,  Mua.  Hein.  ii.  p.  42 ;  Sd,  Cat.  A.  B. 

p.  203 ;  Pdz.  Om.  Bras,  p.  99 ;  Scl.  et  Solo.  P.  Z.  8.  1879,  p.  611 

(BoHvia) ;  ud.  NometicL  •  p.  43 ;   White,  P.  Z.  8.  1882,  p.  604 

(Mifliones) ;  Sd.  et  Huds.  Arg.  Om.  L  p.  124. 

Above  hoary  grey,  with  lineiform  blackish  shaft-stripes ;  wings 
black,  with  a  large  chestnut-brown  patch  occupying  the  outer  webs 
of  the  inner  primaries;  tail  of  twelve  much  graduated  feathers, 
black ;  outer  web  of  external  rectrix  white :  beneath  as  above  but 
rather  paler ;  throat  and  crissum  white  ;  patch  on  each  side  of  the 
neck  and  collar  across  the  neck  dark  chestnut-brown  ;  under  wing- 
coverte  and  inner  webs  of  wing-feathers  white ;  bill  pale  brown, 
feet  black :  whole  length  16  inches,  wing  5,  tail,  ext.  rectr.  12*5, 
middle  2*6.     Female  similar,  not  quite  so  bright. 

Bab.  S.E.  Brazil,  Paraguay,  Bolivia,  and  northern  part  of  La 
Rata. 

A  Ad.  ak.  Rio,  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

^.  Ad.  ak.  BraziL  Jardine  Coll. 

Cf  i.  Ad.  sk.  Bahia,  Brazil  (  Wucherer).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

«.  (f  ttd.  sk.  Misiones,  Arg.  Rep.  (  White).  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

/  Ad.  St.  Brazil.  Purchased. 

13.  SISOPTGIS.  ,^ 

Type. 
Siaopygis,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  46  (1859)    . .  S.  icterophrys. 

A  single  species,  of  abnormal  colouring  for  this  group  of  the  Ty- 
rannida,  but  usually  referred  here,  forms  the  type  and  only  known 
species  of  JSisopygis,  so  called  from  its  superficial  resemblance  to 
M$tacilla.  Sisopygis  builds  in  bushes,  makes  an  open  nest,  and  lays 
3  or  4  white  eggs  spotted,  mostly  at  the  larger  end,  with  reddish 
(i:Orb.). 

1.  Sisopygis  icterophrys. 

Suiriri  obscure  y  amarillo,  Azara,  Apunt.  ii.  p.  118. 

Muscicapa  icterophrys,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  xxi.  p.  458 ;  id.  Enc.  MHh. 

p.  832. 
Muscicapa  chrysochloris.  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  793. 
Suiriri  icterophrys,  d'Orb.  Voy.^  Ois.  p.  338 :  Strtckl.  Ann.  &•  Mag. 

N.  H.  xiii.  p.  414,  pi.  12  (1844). 
Taenioptera  icterophrys,  Bttnn.  Syst.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  518 ;  id.  La-Plata 

Beise.  ii.  p.  460. 
iluvicola  icterophrys,  Bp.  Consp.  p.  195;  Darw.  Zool.  Voy.  *  Beagle,^ 

iii.  p.  53. 
T^annus  dnchoneti,  Tsch,  Faun.  Per.  p.  161,  pi.  8.  f.  2. 
Sisopygis  icterophrys,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  46 ;  Scl.  Cat. 

A.  B.  p.  202 ;  Peheln,  Om.  Bras.  p.  98 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl 

p.    43 ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1868,  p.   141   (Buenos  Avres)  ;   Dumford, 


42 


TIBANKIDa. 


Ihit,  1876,  p.  159,  1877,  p.  176,  et  1880,  p.  419  (BaenoB  Ayree 

Oibton,  Ibu,  1880,  p.  29  (Buenos  Ayrea)  ;   While,  P.  Z.  8.  188 

p.  60*  (Are.  RepO  ;  iir/.  e*  Jher.   ZetUehr.  Ont.   1885,  p.   IS 

(Rio  Grande  do  Sul);  Barrmus,  BuU.  JVuit.  Orrt.Cl.  vjii.  p.  1< 

(Entrerios)  ;  &t  rf  ifuA.  ^^.  Om.  i.  p.  126. 

Above  bright  oUv©^J^een,  head  rather  greyish,  lores  and  supe 

'  ciliary  stripe  yellow ;  wings  bUckish,  broad  ends  of  coverts  ai 

outer  edgea  of  eeoondaries  dirty  white  ;  tail  blackish :  beneath  brigl 

yellow,  sides  of  breast  and  flanks  olivaceous ;  nnder  wing-cover 

whitish  ;  bill  dark  hom-coloar,  feet  black :  whole  length  6-1  incbe 

wing  3-5,  tail  2-7.     Female  similar,  bnt  not  quite  so  bright. 

Hab.  8.£.  Brazil,  Paraguay,  TJnupiay,  Northern  La  Plata,  ar 
highlands  of  Bolivia  and  Peru. 


a.  Ad.  St. 

b.  Ad.Hk. 
e.  Ad.  sk. 
d,e.  $  ad.  sk. 

/,y.  Ad.sk. 

A,  i.  Ad.  sk. 
j.  Ad.  St. 

A.  S  Ad.  ak. 


Brazil. 

Bahia,  Brazil  (  Wmherer). 

S.  Brazil. 

Pelotaa,  Rio  Giande  do  Sut, 

Brazil  (Joyner). 
S.  Bnail. 

Puuta  Lara,  Buenos  Ayres. 

Oonchltas,  Buenos  Ayres 

(ifuAtm). 

Uruguay  (P). 


Zool.  Soc.  Coll. 
Salvin-Oodman  Oo 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Oodmau  Co 


C.  Darwin  [C.]. 

14.  CHIPOLEGUS. 

Knipolegus,  Bete,  iiis,  1826,  n,  973   0.  comatus. 

Ada,  Leu.  Tr.  tPOnt.  p.  388  (1831)     C.  niKanimus, 

Sencoptila,  Sp.  Ann.  d.  Sc.  Nat.  e6i.  4,  Zool.  i.  p.  134 

(1864) C.  cyanirostiv 

This  is  a  wdl-marked  group  of  ahont  eleven  species,  in  which  t 


14.   OVIPOLEOFS.  43 

6'.  Inner  webs  of  primaries  dark  slate- 
oolonr: 

ilaiger :  oater  primaries  normal  . .     7.  unicolor,  p.  47. 
smaller:  outer  primaries  acumi- 
nated          8.  pusUhu,  p.  47. 

&  General  colour  slaty  or  grey : 

c  Oliyaceotts  slaty;  wing  3*1    9.  orenocensis,  p.  47. 

i,  Cineieoos: 

Ilaiger :  wing  3*0 10.  cabaniiiy  p.  47. 
smaller  :  wing  2*2  11.  cinereuSf  p.  47. 


1.  CnipolegoB  comatns. 

Mnsdcapa  comata,  Idcht  Doubl.-p.  65;  Max.  Beitr,  iii.  p.  819. 
Enipolegus  lophotes,  Bote,  Ins,  1826,  p.  973. 
Mnsdcapa  galeata,  8pix,Av,  Bras,  ii.  p.  20,  pi.  27  (c^). 
Bleduropus  cristatus,  8w,  Nat.  Libr,,  Flycatch.  p.  99,  pi.  7. 
Gnipolegus  comatus,  Bp.Consp.  i.  p.  195 ;  Kaup,  Jown,f.  Om,  1853, 

p.  29 ;  Burm.  Syst,  Ueb,  ii.  p.  513 ;  Heine,  Journ,  /.   Om,  1859, 

p.  330;  Gib,  et  Hein.  Mu8,  Hem.  u,  la,  46 ;  Scl.  Cat.  A.B.t^.202; 

Fek,  Om.  Bras.  ^.V8;  <Sic/.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  43 ;  Berl.  et  Jher. 

Zeitsehr.  Om.  1885,  p.  128  (Kio  Grande  do  Sul). 

Crested ;  nniform  glossy  black ;  wings  and  tail  brownisb,  margined 
▼ith  black ;  large  p^ioh  occupying  tbe  bases  of  the  inner  webs  of  the 
wing-featliers  white ;  bill  and  feet  black  :  whole  length  8*5  inches, 
wing  4-8,  tail  4.    Fevnale  similar. 

Hub.  Campos  of  S  J!.  BraziL 

The  large  size  and  crested  head  render  this  fine  species  easily  re- 
oognixable.     The  sexes  are  similar  (cf.  v.  Pelzeln,  op.  dt.). 

s.  Ad.  ak.  Rio,  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

^  e.  (f  $  ad.  sk.       Felotas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul      Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Joyner). 
^  Ad.  ak.  S.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

^  Ad.  sL  Brazil.  Purchased. 

/.  Ad.  St.  Brazil.  Purchased. 


2.  Cnipolegns  nigerrimns. 

Muscicapa  nigerrima,  VieiU.  Nouv.  Diet.  xxi.  p.  453 ;  id.  Enc.  Mith. 

p.  828. 
Mosdcapa  galeata,  Spix,  Av.  Bras.  ii.  p.  20,  pi.  28  (  $  ). 
Ada  nigerrima.  Less.  Tr. d'Om.  i.  p.  388  {<S)f€t  A.  rufogularis,  Less, 

ibid.(2)' 
.  Cnipolegus  lafresnayi,  Kaup,  Joum.  f.  Om.  1853,  p.  29  (jr.). 

Cnipolegus  nigerrimus,  Heine,  Jottm.f.  Orn.  18^,  p.  332;  Scl.  Cat. 

A  J7.  p.  202;  Pelz.   Om.  Bras.  p.  98;  Sd.  et  Salv.  Nomencl. 

p.  43. 
Sencoptila  nigerrima,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  47. 

Sub-crested :  uniform  black  ;  a  large  patch  on  the  lower  halves 
of  the  inner  webs  of  the  wing-feathers  white ;  bill  plumbeous,  feet 
black :  whole  length  7  inches,  wing  4,  tail  3*3.  Female  similar,  but 
throat  striated  with  rufous. 

Bab.  S.E.  Brazil. 


TTSAirNIDX. 


The  lesser  creat,  smaller  size,  and  shorter  plumbeous  bill  serve 
distinguish  this  spedee  &am  C  eamata*.  As  regards  the  cmio 
sexnal  difference  of  the  female  cf.  Pelzeln,  op.  of. 


o.  ¥  ad.  St 

BrazU. 

Purchased. 

i.  c.  cj  5  ad.  Bk. 

S.  Bradl. 

Sclater  CoIL 

d,t.  i%  Rd.sk. 

BraziL 

Jardine  CoU. 

/.  (f  ad.  ak. 

Brazil. 

Salvin-Godmaa  C 

g,K.  <J  5  ad.sk. 

Brazil. 

M.  Claussen  [P-l. 

•.  2  ad.  sk. 

BraziL 

J.  Gould,  Esq. 

/,*.  dad.ak. 

Brazil 

Purchased. 

3.  Cnipol^^  aterrimtu, 
FluTiCoU  m^rrima,  d'Orb.  et  Lafr,  Syn.  An.  i.  p.  69. 
Ada  nigerrima,  d'Wi.  Voy.,  Ois,  p.  340. 
Cnipolegus   aterrimus,  Kaup,   Joum.  f.    Om.   1853,  p.  29;   Heti 

J.f.  5. 1869,  p.  334 ;  Sd.  Cat.  ^.  B.  p.  302 ;  Sci.et  Salv.  Ifomen 

1>.  43. 
Sericoptala  aterrima,  Ca6.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii,  p.  46. 
Cnipolegiu  anthraciniu,  Tact.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  633 ;  lif.  Om.  Pi 

ii.p.508(rf)P 

TJniform  dull  black ;  a  broad  bar  across  the  bases  of  the  inii< 
vebs  of  tbe  wing-feathers  whit«  ;  bill  plumbeous  ;  feet  black :  who 
length  6  inches,  wing  3*3,  tail  2-9.  Female.  Ashy  brown,  rump  ai 
upper  tail-oovertfi  bright  rufous ;  wings  blaokisii,  ends  of  eoverl 
(forming  two  bands)  and  outer  margins  of  secondaries  white  ;  bas< 
of  the  outer  webs  of  the  primaries  rafoos  ;  tail,  apical  portia 
blackish,  basal  portion  bright  rufous,  like  the  tail-coverts :  belo 
pale  fulvous,  whiter  on  tbe  belly  ;  bill  and  feet  black. 

ffab.  Bolivia. 


Oodman  (.'•' 


14.  amroLtavt. 


45 


Similar  to  C.  aterrimtu,  but  rather  larger,  and  the  white  bar 
lOws  the  nnder  surface  of  the  ving  rather  wider :  whole  length 
6'5  inches,  wing  3-5,  tail  3, 

fiat.  Northern  part  of  Argentine  Repablio. 

I  ni[^>oae  this  to  be  the  CnipoUgtu  anlhraeimu  of  Heine,  as 
inbaeqiiiantly  explained  by  Cabania  ;  ttie  bird  assigned  to  it  (donbt- 
flill;)  as  its  female  by  Heine  belonging  (probably)  to  C.  nigerrimut. 
Tin  female  of  the  present  species  is  just  like  that  of  U,  aUrrimttt, 
ai  I  consider  it  eomewbat  doabtfol  whether  the  two  forms  are 
ledly  distinct. 

*,&.  j  $  ad.  sk.     Heudoia,  rep.  Arg.  {WeiM-       SalTin-Oodmaa  GoU. 

c  S  id.  sk.  MendoiB,  rep.  Arg.  (  Weui-  Sclater  Col). 

haupt). 

^«.  (f  $  ad.  ak.      Meudoza,  rep.  Arg.  (Weiu-  Purchased. 

haupt), 

/  (J  »d.  ak.  Hendoza  {  Burmeieter).  Salvin-Oodman  CoU. 

J.  rf  ad.  «k.  Mendoia  ^BurmtUter).  Sclater  CoU. 

i.  5  ad.  ak.  Msndoza.  SalTui-Oodinan  ColL 

i  Ad.  (k.  Mendota.  ScUter  ColL 

/ifc  d  $  ad.  ak.     Pampas  of  .Argentine  Rep.  Salvin-Godman  CoQ. 

{L^bold). 

I-  Sid-ik.  CordoTa,  rep.  Arg.  (,Schtdz).  Salrin-Oodman  ColL 

•I.  ?  ad.  sk.  Salto,  tap.  Arg.  H.  Dumford  [C.]. 

«.  d  *d.  sk.  Argentine  Republic.  T.  Bridges  [U.]. 


Bill,  foot,  and  under  nirfaoe  of  left  ning  of  Onipoltgm  h 
(FromP.Z.S.  1872,  p.  &*2.) 


Cnipolegns  hudsoni,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1872,  p,  541,  pL  utii. ;  Scl.  el  Salv. 
Ifomriicl.  p.  43 ;  WhiU,  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  39  (P) ;  Set.  et  Uudt.  Arg. 
Om.  i.  p.  126. 

Uniform  dull  lilsclt ;  a  brood  bur  acroas  the  bases  of  the  iimer 
webs  of  the  wiug-feathers  white  ;  two  outer  primariea  much  pointed 
at  their  exlremitieB ;  bill  plumbeous,  feet  black :  whole  length 
6  inohea,  wing  2'8,  tail  2-6, 

llnb.  Rio  Negro  of  Patagonia. 

This  species  is  at  once  distinguishable  from  the  two  preceding  by 
its  smaller  size,  and  the  peculiar  Harrowed  outer  remiges. 

Sclater  ColL 


a,  h.  jj  nd.  ak. 

c.  (J  ad.  Bk. 

d.  J  ad.  ak, 


Rio    Negro    of   Patogoni 

Rio    Negro    of  Palagoni 

{Hud'on'). 
Rio    Negro    of   Patngonu 

{Hndaoa). 


SfJ^-aodmaii  CoU. 
Purcbaaed. 


« 


0.  Cnipolegns  cyaniroBtris. 

Suiriri  negro  pico  celeste,  Asara,  Apimt.  a.  p,  IIG  ( J  ), 

Suiriri  cabeza  y  rabndilla  da  caneln,  Aitirii,  AputU.  u.  p.  100  (  $  ). 

Muacicapa  cyanirofltria,  Vieill.  iVoiii'.  Did.  xxi.  p,  447)  id.  Sne.  ikiUi. 

p.82.f(cf). 
Muacicapa  tuficapiUa,  FieiB.  Nmv.  Diet.  xxi.  p.  450 :  id.  Bnc.  iUth. 

p.83.f(S), 
Muedcapa  nuatig,  Licht.  in  Noi'dm.  Atl.  p.  15  ( ^ ). 
Cnipolegas  cyanirostra,  Boif,  Itia,  182(1,  p,  073;  Bp.Con*p.\.  p.  I95j 
.Siiitp,  Joum./.  Om.  1853,  p.  1!9;  ZTiwie,  o^i.cA.  1850,  p.330;  Sd. 
Cat.  A.  B.  p.  203 ;  Ptk.  Om.  Bran.  p.  88 ;  Surm.  La-PMa  Reitti 
ii.  p.  457 ;  Scl.  et  Sale.  Xomend.  p.  43 ;  Hamilton,  Ibii,  1871, 
p.  304 ;  Barrowt,  BuB.  A'ldi.  Om.  CI.  viii.  p.  141  (Eotrerios) ;  Serl. 
et  J&ir.  Zeit*chr.  Or>i.  1h85,  p,  12S  (Bio  Grande  do  Sol);  Sd.  et 
Hvdt.  Arg.  Om.\.  p.  127. 
Sericoptila  cyaniroBtris,  Cab.  et  Jlrin,  Mai.  Hrin.  ii.  p.  47. 
Uniform  dull  black ;  inner  weba  of  the  wing-featbera  margined 
with  dull  whito ;  bill  plumbeous,  feet  dark  browu  ;  whole  length 
5'7  inches,  wing  3,  tail  2'G.     Female.  Dark  cinnamomeous  brown, 
brighter  on  the  head  and  rump ;  winga  blockish,  wing-coverta  and 
accondanos  edged  with  pale  rufoua;  tail  blackish  brown;  ont«r 
margine  of  outer  roctriccs  and  inner  webs  of  all  the  rectricea  except 
the  two  middle  bright  rufous :  below  pale  fulvous,  densely  striated 
with  blackish ;  bill  and  feet  brown. 

Hub.  Southern  Braal,  Uruguay,  Paraguay,  and  La  Plata, 
At  once  distingaishable  from  C.  hudsoni  by  the  normal  shape  of 
the  outer  priraaricB,  and  the  amnller  siie  and  duller  colour  of  the 
white  patch  underneath  the  wing. 
o,  i.  rf  2  ad.  ak.  La  Plata. 

c.  iS  ad.  sk.  Uruguay. 

d,  p.  J  ad.  Bk.  Brawl. 
/cJ  ad.;  .V.  tl  jr-  slf. 
h,  I.  S  xl-  sl<- 
,,-.  d  ad.  at. 


BraxU. 

S.  America, 


Sdster  Ooll. 
Alan  Peel  [C.]. 
M.Claussen[P.]. 
PurcliB«ed.  | 

PurchoBod.  ^^^H 

.Fardine  Coll.       ^^H 


14.   CVIPOLBOUS.  47 

7.  CnipolegoB  nnicolor. 

Cmpolegus  tmicolor,  Kemp,  J.  f.  O.  1863,  p.  29;  iV&.  Om.  Bras. 

p.  90;  Sd.  et  Salv.  Notnencl^.  48;  Heine,  J.f.  0. 1869,  p.  337. 
Sericophila  unicolor,  Cab.  et  Msine,  Mu8.  Hein,  ii.  p.  46. 

Uniform  dull  black;  nnder  sTirface  of  wings  slaty  black;  bill 
plumbeous,  feet  black:  whole  length  6  inches,  wing  3*1,  tail  2'8. 
Hah,  Upper  Amazonia. 

0.  (f  ad.  sk.  Febas,  Peru.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

8.  Cnipolegns  poflillas. 

Cnipolegus  unicolor,  Sel.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S,  1867,  p.  677. 
Cnipolegus  puaiUus,  Sd,  et  ScUv.  Nomencl.  p.  168. 

Uniform  dull  black;  under  surface  of  wings  uniform  dark 
fldustaoeous ;  three  outer  primaries  acuminated ;  bill  dark  plum- 
beons ;  feet  brown :  whole  length  5  inches,  wing  2*4,  tail  2. 

Hab,  Lower  Amazons. 

The  small  size  and  acuminated  primaries  at  once  distinguish  this 
spedes. 

&  c^  ad.  sk.  Lower  Amazons  {W(Ulace),         Sclater  CoU.    (Type 

of  the  species.) 

9.  Cnipolegus  orenocensis. 

Cnipolegos  orenocensis,  Berl.  Una^  1884,  p.  433,  pi.  xii. 

Bark  slaty,  with  an  olivaceous  tinge;  head  black;  wings  and 
tail  blackish  ;  bill  plumbeous,  tip  black ;  feet  black :  whole  length 
6'4  inches,  wing  3*1,  tail  2*9. 

Hah.  Angostura,  Orinoco. 

I  haye  examined  the  typical  specimen  of  this  species  in  Graf  H. 
Y.  Berlepsch's  collection.     It  is  at  present  unique. 

10.  Cnipolegos  cabanisi. 

Cnipoles^s  cabanisi,  Schulz,  J.f.  0, 1882,  p.  462;  Sd,  et  Huds.  Arg. 
Om.  1.  p.  128. 

Nearly  uniform  olivaceous  slate-colour:  below  rather  paler; 
wings  and  tail  black :  whole  length  5*5  inches,  wing  3-,  tail  2*7. 
Female  brownish  olive,  below  pider ;  wings  blackish,  slightly  edged 
with  rufous;  tail  black,  with  broad  rufous  margins  to  the  inner 
webs  and  narrow  to  the  outer  webs ;  bill  brown,  feet  dark  brown. 

Hah.  Prov.  Tucuman,  rep.  Arg. 

a.  5  ad.  sk.  Tucuman,  rep.  Arg.  (Schulz).         Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

6.  $  ad.  sk.  Tucuman,  rep.  Arg.  (SchiUz).         Sclater  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  St.  Argentine  Kep.  E.  Wilson,  Esq. 

11.  Cnipolegos  cinereos. 

Cnipolegus  cinereus,  Sd.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  68,  et  1879,  p.  460;  Sel.  et 
Salv.  Namend.  p.  43 ;  Cab.  J.  f.  O.  1878,  p.  197 ;  Salv.  Ibis, 
1880,  p.  367,  pi.  X. ;  Sd.  et  Huds,  Arg.  Om.  i.  p.  128. 


48  IIRJUKIDS. 

Dark  oinereous,  puler  and  more  olivaceous  on  the  back  and 
wings  ;  edges  of  wing-coverts  and  secgndories  rather  lig;hter :  below 
puler,  thruat  and  breust  biackish  like  the  bead;  inner  margiiiB  of 
wing-featbeTB  wbitish  ;  outer  primaries  acuminated  :  bill  plumboona, 
feet  black:  whole  length  4'0  inches,  wing  2-2,  tail  2'^.  FemaU. 
Brownish  cinereous ;  cap  and  rump  rufeus  :  wings  blackish,  tips  of 
coverts  and  edges  of  outer  secondaries  whitish :  tuil  blackish,  inner 
webs  of  all  the  lateral  rectrices  except  the  tips  rufous ;  beneatb 
whitish,  striated  with  ashy  on  tbe  throat,  breast,  and  flanks ;  bill 
brownish,  feet  black. 

Hah.  Northern  Provinoes  of  Argentine  Republic. 

Much  stnallor  than  C.  eabaniti,  and  with  the  head  of  the  female 
rufous. 
a,  b.  (J  $  ad.  sk.      Salta,  rep.  Arp.  H.  Dumford 

c.  cJ  sd,  sk.  Tucaman,  rep.  Arg.  H.  Durnford 

d.  2  »d.  sk.  Cordova,  rep.  Arg.  {Iherinff).      Selal^r  ColL 


e-       n 


15.  LICHEN0P8, 

Lichonops,  fiund.  K.  Vct.-Ak.  Jlmdl.  1835,  p.  88. . 

Perspicilla,  Sw.  Cltus.  B.  ii,  p.  257  (1837) L,  perspicillala. 

This  monot)-pic  form  is  closely  allied  to  CnipaUgua,  but  of  rather 
stronger  make,  and  distinguished  by  the  fleshy  caruncle  round  the 
eye.  It  extends  from  Bolim  and  Bouthem  Brazil  southwards  to 
Patagonia  and  Chill. 


1.  LlchenopB  perspicillata. 

Motacilla  perspicillata,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  p.  000. 
Buiriri  chorreado,  Asmara,  Apunl,  ii.  p.  117  ( 2  )• 
Bluscicapa  nigricans,  VieiU.  Xotiv.  Dirt.  xxi.  p.  454. 


I 


(Enantbe  perepicillata,  VieM.  Hid.  p,  4.18, 

Ada  perspicillHta,  d^Orb.  Vay.,  Ou.  p.  330. 

Perspicilm  leucoptera,  Sw.  Nat.  LSrr.,  fJi/eateh.  p.  105,  nl.  9, 

Lichenups  perspicillata  et  L.  erjthroptera,  Darw.  Zool.  V      " 
iiLpp.  51,53,  pi.  9. 

Licbeaons  perspicillata,  Sp.  Consp.  p.  104 ;  Cab.  el  Hein.  Mm.  Han. 
ii.  p.  47 ;  Set.  Cat.  A.  B.y.  203  ;  Pelz.  Om.  Bros.  p.  09 ;  Burm. 
La-Plata  Efite,  ii.  p.  457;  Scl.  et  Salf.  P.  Z.  S.  1868,  p.  141,  el 
1870,  p.  612  i  iid.  Nomenci.  p.  43 ;  Bumf.  Ibit,  187H,  p.  159, 
1877,  pp.  84, 176,  1878,  pp.  00,  384,  et  1880,  p.  411  (rep.  Arg.); 
fTiiU,  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  (504  (rep.  Arg.) ;  Barrom,  Bull.  Nutl. 
Om.  CI.  viii.  p.  141  (Entrorios)  j  Set.  et  Biid>.  Arg.  Om.  i.  p.  129, 

Ilnifonu  black ;  primorios  pure  white,  witb  black  tips  and 
baaes ;  flcsby  ring  round  the  eye  and  bill  yellow ;  feet  black : 
whole  length  5'8  inches,  wing  3-5,  twl  ^■4.  Fanah.  Abofe  dark 
brown,  with  light  brown  edgings  to  the  feathers;  remiges  chestnut, 
with  dork  brown,  tips  ;  wing-coverts  dark  brown,  with  fulvous  tips  t 
beneatb  fulvous  white,  breast  with  dark  striatious ;  under  wing- 
coverts  fulvous ;  bill  yellowish  ;  feet  black. 

Bah.  Soutbom  Bolivia  and  S.E.  Brazil,  Paraguay,  Uruguay, 
La  Plata,  Chili,  and  Patagonia. 


M 


16.    MUSCIPIPRA. 


49 


a.  (^  ad.  St 
^  c  cf  ad.  sk. 
d.  (i  iiLak, 
«.  $  ad.ak. 

/.  $  ad.  ak. 

^.  $  ad.8k. 

i$ad.8k. 
^  $  ad.^ 
;  I  i  (^  ad.  ak. 
/;  m.  cf  ad.  ak. 

n^o.  ($2  ad.  ak. 

p.  6  ad.  ak. 
9'  d  ad.  ak. 
f .  c^  ad.  ak. 
I.  $  ad.  ak. 

^)  «•  cf  $  ad.  ak. 
«.  $  ad.  ak. 
v,x.  $  ad.  ak. 
y.  (^  ad.  ak. 
c  (^  ad.  ak. 
fl*,  6'.  cJ  $  ad.  ak. 


MaldoaadOy  Uruguay. 

Brazil. 

Brazil. 

Pelotaa,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul, 

Brazil  (Joyner), 
Maldonado,  Uruguay 

(Darwin), 
Maldonado,  Uruguay 

(Darwin). 
Alyear,  Uruguay. 
Paraguay. 
BelgraDo,  rep.  Arg. 
Conchitaa,  rep.  Arg. 

(Hudson). 
Paran^y  rep.  Arg. 

(Burmeister), 
Punta  Lara,  rep.  Xt^. 
Buenos  Ayres  (  White), 
Santiago,  Chili  (Reed), 
Coquimbo,  Chili 

(Markham), 
ChiH. 
Chili. 
ChilL 
ChiU. 

S.  America. 
S.  America. 


C.  Darwin  [C.l. 
M.  Claussen  [P.]. 
Sckter  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

EytonColL 

Capt.  Fitzroy  [P.]. 

Alan  Peel  [C.]. 
Sclater  Coll. 
H.  Dumford  [C.]. 
Sclater  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

H.  Dumford  [C.l 
Salvin-Godman  CoU. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

Zool.  Soc.  CoU. 
T.  Bridges  [C.]. 
Gould  CoU. 
Purchased. 
Gould  CoU. 
Purchased. 


16.  HnsapiPRA. 


Type. 


Muecipipra,  Less.  Tr,  d'Om.  p.  387  (1831) M.  vetula. 

Ictiniscus,  Cab.  et  JSein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  42  (1859) M.  vetula. 

A  monotypic  form,  apparently  allied  to  Copurus  and  Cybemetes, 
but  with  a  tail  more  like  that  of  Milvulus,  It  is  restricted  to 
S.£.  BraxiL 


1.  Muscipipra  yetnla. 

Muscicapa  vetula,  Idcht.  Doubl,  p.  63 ;  Spir,  Av,  Bras,  ii.  p.  15, 

pi.  18. 
Muscicapa  pullata,  Bp,  Joum,  Acad,  Philad,  iv.  p.  383. 
Tyrannus  lon^pes,  Sw,  Quart.  Joum.  Sc,  xx.  p.  283. 
JVulvulus  longipennis,  Jard.  et  Selb,  III.  Om.  pi.  42 ;  Sw,  Class,  Birds. 

ii.  p.  225. 
Muscipipra  longipennis,  Less.  Tr.  d^Om,  i.  p.  387  \  id.  Rev,  Zool,  1839, 

n.  43. 
Muvulus  vetulus,  Bp,  Consp.  i.  p.  192 ;  Burm.  Syst.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  468. 
Ictiniscus  vetulus.  Cab,  et  Hein,  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  42. 
Muscipipra  vetula,  Scl.  Cat,  A,  B.^,  204;  Pek,  Om,  Bras.  p.  99; 

Scl,  et  Salv,  Nomend.  p.  44. 
Dicrurua  marginatus,  Blyth,  Ibis,  1865,  p.  46  (cf.  Sd,  P.  Z.  8.  1878, 

p.  339). 

Nearly  uniform  plumbeous,  with  very  slightly  marked  blackish 

VOL.  XIV.  K 


50  TYRAKinVM. 

shaft-Btripes  oa  the  head,  back,  and  breast ;  wings  and  tail  I 
outer  web  of  outer  rectriz  whitish ;  below  rather  paler,  and 
whitiah  on  throat  and  under  wing-coverte  ;  whole  length  9  i 
wing  4'3 ;  tail,  outer  rectr.  4'4,  middle  3. 
Sab.  South-eastern  Brazil. 


a.  d  ad.  Bk. 
«,  <■.  rf  S  ad. 

sk. 

Sa5  Paolo,  Brazil  (Joyner). 
Rio     Claro,     Goyaz,     Brazil 

Salvin-Godmai 
Salnn-Oodmai 

d.  e  ed.  Bk. 

e.  Ad.  flk. 

/.    Ad.  Bk. 

S-  Ad.  ek. 

h.    Ad.  Bk. 

.-.  Jr.  ek. 

J.    Ad.  Bt 
k.    Ad.  Bt 

BrazU. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 

Grande 

do  Sul 

Salvin-Oodnu: 

Jardine  Coll 
SalTin-Qodma. 
Sclater  Coll. 
M.  Clauflsen  [I 
J.  Could,  Esq. 
M.  Clausseii  [I 
J.  Gould,  Esq. 

17. 

C0PUEU8. 

0.^ 

CopuruB,  Stritki.  P.  Z.  S. 

1841 

.,  p.  28  . . 

After  esamiDing  a  number  of  akina  I  have  felt  obliged  to  i 
the  number  of  rocognizublo  species  of  this  genua  to  two,  as 
intermediate  forms  between  C.  colonu*  and  C.  faseicapillus,  wl 
formerly  considered  distinguishable. 

Copurui  extends  from  Nicaragua  ao  nth  wards  throu 
Colombia  and  Amazonia  down  to  Paraguay.  Tbe  curious  eloi 
pair  of  median  rectricea  render  it  cosily  distinguishable.  It  i 
to  breed  in  holes  of  trees  {Nutting,  I.  i.  c). 


17.    C0PURU8.  61 

Copuraa  leuconotus,  Sclater,  P.  Z,  S.  1855,  p.  148,  et  1858,  p.  71  {neo 

Lafr.). 
Ooparus  fuscicapiUua.  Sciater,  P.  Z,  S,  1861,  p.  381 ;  id.  Cat.  A,  B. 

p.  204 ;  Sd.  et  Salv.  Nomend,  p.  44. 

Above  black;  head  gre3rish  white,  varying  to  dark  grey,  and 
Bometimes  almost  black ;  ramp  white :  beneath  dull  black,  under 
surfj&oe  of  wings  slaty  black ;  two  middle  rectrices  produced  to 
three  times  the  length  of  the  laterals,  and  denuded  at  their  bases, 
thenoe  provided  with  equal  narrow  webs  on  both  sides  ;  bill  and  feet 
black:  whole  length  9*5  inches,  wing  3*2;  tail,  middle  rectr.  7, 
lau  2*4.     Female  similar,  but  elongated  median  rectrices  not  so  long. 

Hab.  Paraguay,  Brazil,  Bolivia,  Peru,  Ecuador,  and  Colombia. 

«,  h.  Ad.  ak.  Novo    Fribourgo,    Prov.    of  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Kio,  Brazil  (Youds). 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Rio  Janeiro.  R.  H.  Wood  [P.l 

ff.  $  ad.  sk.  Sao  Paulo,  BrazU  (Joyner).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk  Rio,  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

fig.  Ad.  ak.  Pelotas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Brazil  (Joyner), 

k.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Jardine  Coll. 

t  Ad.  sk.  BraziL  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

j.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

4, 1  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

w-o.  Ad.  sk.  Saravacu,  Ecuador  (Btickley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

p,  f.  Ad.  et  jr.  sk.     San  ioa4,  Ecuador  {Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

r-t.  Ad.  ak.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll.    (Types 

of  C.  fusdcapiilus.) 

«.  Ad.  ak.  Bogota.  Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

r.  Ad. ;  w.  Jr.  sk.     Bogota.  Purchased. 

J.  Ad.  sk.  S.  America.  Purchased. 

2.  Ck)pariis  lenconotus. 

Copurus  leuconotus,  iMfr.  Rev.  Zool.  1842,  p.  3.35 ;  Bp.  Consp.  i. 

p.  194 ;  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  294, 1861,  p.  382 ;    id.  Cat.  A.  B. 

p.  204 ;  Cah.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  42 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  NoinencL 

p.  44 ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  368  (Panama),  1867,  p.  279  (Mosquitia), 

et  1879,  p.  511  (Antioquia)  j  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  146  (Veragua)  ; 

id.  Ibis,  1872,  p.  318  (Nicaragua),  1885,  p.  291  (Brit.  Guiana); 

Wyatt,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  3:32  (Colombia) ;  Nutting,  P.  U.  S.  N.  M. 

1883,  p.  402;  Berl.  J.f.  O.  1884,  p.  297. 
Copurus  pcecilonotus,  Cab.  in  Schomo.  Guian.  iii.  p.  703. 

Above  and  below  black  ;  head  greyish,  varying  to  sooty  brown ; 
middle  of  back  variegated  with  greyish  white  ;  rump  white  ;  middle 
rectrices  elongated  as  in  preceding  species  ;  bill  and  feet  black  :  whole 
length  10  inches,  wing  3 ;  tail,  med.  rectr.  7*5,  lat.  2*4. 

Hah,  Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica,  Panama,  Colombia,  Western  Ecuador, 
and  Cayenne. 

a,  b.  Ad.  sk.  Chontales,  Nicarai?ua  {Belt).       Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

c,d.  Ad.  et  jr.  sk.    Tucurriqui,  Costa  Rica  (-r4rc^).     Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
e.  Jr.  sk.  San  Jo8<5,  Costa  Rica(Carmio/).    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Costa  Rica(CBrmtb^.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

g.  (S  ad.  sk.  Santa  F6,  Veragua  {Arci).         Sclater  Coll. 

b2 


62  TIBAflKIDS. 

h.  Ad.  Bk.  'Voramia  {Arei).  Sdnter  CoU. 

*ij-  (^  S  sd  sk.  Lion  Hill,  Istbm.  of  PanamA  SalTin-Oodmai 

(McLeannan). 

k.   [jad.  sL  Ptjitma  (McLeannan).  Bclater  Coll. 

L  Ad.  ak.  Paraiso  Statiun,  latbni.  of  Pa-  Salnn-OoiJinai 

nama  (Htwhts). 

m-Saa.  sk.  Remedios,  U.S.C.  (So/mtm).  Salrin-Oodnia] 

n.  it.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

0.  Jr.  sk.  Boffota.  J.  Qoold,  Esq. 

p.  Jr.  ak.  Cotombis.  Sahiu-Uodmu 

q.  i  ad.  sk.  Cayenne.  Sclat«r  Coll. 

r.  i  ad.  ak.  Cajeuie.  H.  C,  Rotherj 


siatei^C 


*,t.  (fad.;  u.Jr.    Esnienldaa,£cuadoT(JV<TMr).    SdaterCoU. 

Bk, 

*.  Ad.  sk.  S.  America.  Jardine  CoU. 

18.  KACHETORNIS. 

1 

ChiTBolophus,  Sw.  Cltat.  B.  ii.  p.  225  (1837) M. 

Macbetornia,  Q.  R.  Gray,  Lilt  of  Gen.  ^.i\  (1841) M. ; 

ThiB  is  a  large  atrong  form,  with  a  long  biU  and  stroni; 
belonging,  no  doubt,  to  the  Tixniopterina,  but  siniulating  thi 
Tj-rautB  Id  colour  and  crest.  D'Orbigny  found  it  breeding 
chambered  neats  of  Anumbitit  aeuticaudattis,  which  it  appropi 
and  laying  pale  rose-coloured  egga  spotted  widi  reddish. 

1.  IKacbetonua  rixosa. 

Suiriri,  Aiara,  Apunt.  ii.  p.  148. 

TjTftnnua  rixosua,  ViaU.   Nonv.  Did.  xxxv.  p.  85;  id.  Enc, 

p.  862. 
Muscicapa  jnazeiro,  ^ix,  Av.  Brut.  ii.  p.  17,  pi.  23. 
MuBcicapa  miles,  Max.  Beitr.  ii'  -  ^ 


19.  MUSCISAZICOLA.  53 

ffab.  Pampas  of  8.E.  Brazil,  Bolivia,   Paraguay,  Uruguay,  La 
Plata,  and  Venezuela. 

a-c.  Ad.  ak.  Bahia,  Brazil  (  Wucherer).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

d.  Jr.  ak.  Bahia,  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  $  ad.  ak.  Oonchitas,  Buenos  Ayres  {Hud-    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

son), 

/  (^  ad.  ak.  Paraguay.  Sclater  Coll. 

g.  Ad.  ak.  Salta,  rep.  Arg.  H.  Durnford  [C.]. 

i.  Ad.  ak.  Bolivia.  T.  Bridges  [0.]. 

«'./  Ad.  ak.  8.  America.  Zool.  Soc.  Coll. 

*.  Ad-  ak.  S.  America.  E.  Wilson,  Esq.  [P.]. 

19.  MUSCISAXICOLA.* 

Mnaciaaxicola,  d'Orb,  et  Lafr.  Syn,  Av.i.  p.  66  (1837).    M.  runvertex. 
"Ptionura,  Gaidd,^'  G,  H,  Orai/f  List  of  Oen.  ed.  i. 
p.  24  (1840) M.  ruavertex. 

The  Muscisaxicolce  constitute  a  well-marked  group  of  abnormal 
Tyrannidce^  peculiar  to  the  Patagonian  Region  and  to  the  higher 
Andes  of  the  more  northern  parts  of  South  America,  and  simulating 
the  MotacilUe  of  the  Old  World  in  their  habits  and  somewhat  alAO 
in  their  structure.  Their  tarsi  are  long  and  strong,  their  wings 
long,  their  beak  compressed,  and  the  rictal  bristles  almost  altogether 
obsolete,  so  that  at  first  sight  they  would  hardly  be  taken  for 
TyrannidcB  at  all.  The  plumage  in  this  genus  is  generally  cinere- 
ous with  but  slight  markings  ;  the  tail-coverts  and  tail  are  blackish 
or  black  in  all  the  known  species,  with  a  white  outer  margin  to  the 
outer  rectriz. 

Key  to  the  Species. 

A  Inner  webs  of  wing-feathers  grey,  edged 
with  whitish. 
a.  Bill  uniform  black. 
a'.  Without  a  nuchal  spot. 

a".  Lores  and  superciiiaries  white  ;  no 
mental  spot, 
a'".  Forehead  brownish  cinereous: 

J  larger ;  wing  (5  in 1.  aJbifrons^  p.  64. 

(  smaller ;  wing  6*3  in 2.  alpinoy  p.  64. 

b' ",  Forehead  cinereous 3.  yrisea,  p.  66. 

e".  Forehead  black 4.  niyri/rons,  p.  56. 

b".  Lores  and  superciiiaries  cinereous     6.  diiereay  p.  66. 
c".  Lores  blackish ;  mental  spot  brown    6.  maclomanaf  p.  6(3. 
6'.  With  a  distinct  nuchal  spot. 

d".  Nuchal  spot  yellowish 7.  Jlamnucha,  p.  67. 

e".  Nuchal  spot  reddish, 
cf ".  Body  above  brownish  cinereous: 

\  nuchal  spot  brighter    8.  mbncapili^y  p.  67. 

I  nuchal  spot  duller    9.  juninensis,  p.  68. 

*  Species  not  known  to  me  are : — Ptyonura  capistrata,  Burm.  La-Plata  Beise, 
fi.  p.  461 ;  Nuscistuncola  brunneaj  Gould,  Voy.  '  Beagle/  Zool.  iii.  p.  84 ;  and 
M.  ttriaticepSt  d'Orb.  et  Lafr. ;  d'Orb.  Voy.  p.  356,  t.  xli.  fig.  1. 


64  TrRANNiD^. 

«'".  Body  aboTe    clear   cinereous ; 

nucW  spot  bright  rufoua   ....  10.  nifivertex,f.  S8. 
b.  Bill  witb  a  brown  spot  at  tbe  base  : 

{larger;  wiogs  luiifonn    11.  mai-uiiroitru,  p. 

smaller:  win^  banded  with  rufoue.  12. _fiuciatilu,  p.  S&. 

B.  Inner  webs  of  wing-feathers  rufous 13.  rufipatnit,  p.  60. 


1.  HoBcisazicolB,  albifronB. 
PtjOQura  albifrons,  TkH.  Faun.  Per.,  Aixt,  p.  16",  pi.  12.  fig.  2 

Cmup.  i.  p.  190. 
AIuactufuiicolB  albifrons,  f%.  et  Landb.  Wiegm.  Arch.  18C6,  i. ' 

Set.  H  Sah:  P.  Z.  S.  lB67,  p.  880,  et  1668,  p.  509  (S.  Peru) 

yamead.  p.  44 ;   Tars.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  5S3  (Peru) ;  id.  Orn 

ii.  p.  209. 

Above  brownish  cinerooiiB  ;  front  white ;  lores  black  ;  ' 
coverte  and  edges  of  secondaries  light  cinereous :  primaries  bla 
towards  their  tips ;  upper  tail-coverts  and  tail  blackish, 
margins  o[  outer  rectriccs  white :  beneath  pale  cinereous,  almost 
oil  belly,  crissum,  and  under  wing-coverts ;  bill  and  feet  b 
whole  length  9  inches,  wing  C,  tail  4.     Frmah  similar. 

ff<ib.  Central  and  Southern  Peru. 

The  large  size  renders  this  fine  species  easily  distinguis 
from  its  congeners. 

a.  $  ad.  sk.  Salinas,  S.  Peru  (  miOeiy).  Sclater  Cull. 

b.  a  ad.  sk.  Ninabanba,  Peru  {Jeltkt).  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Peru.  Salvio~Oodman 


2.  SascisozlcoU  alpina. 

Tienioptera  alpinn,  Jard.  Contr,  Orn.  1849,  p.  47, 


19.   MUSCISAXIOOLA.  55 

3.  MnBcisazicola  grisea. 

Muflcisaxicola  grisea,  Taez.  Om.  P^r.  ii.  p.  213. 

Above  cinereous ;  lores  and  short  8nj)erciliarie8  whitish ;  upper 
tail-coverts  and  tail  black ;  outer  margin  of  outer  rectrix  white : 
below  pale  cinereous,  passing  into  white  on  belly,  crissum,  and 
under  wing-coverts  ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  6-8  inches, 
wing  5,  tail  3*3.     Female  similar,  but  rather  smaller. 

Hah,  Central  Peru. 

A  Bi>ecies  not  very  distinct  from  M,  cinerea^  but  rather  larger  and 
with  tiie  white  supcrciliaries  better  indicated. 

«,  ft.  d  5  ad.  sk.  Ninabanba,  Peru  (JeUkt),  Sclater  Coll. 

4.  Muscisazicola  nigrifronB. 

Muscisaxicola  nigrifrons,   Phil,  et  Landb.    Wiegm,  Arch.  1865,  i. 

p.  101  ;  ScL  et  Salv.  Nometicl.  p.  44  ;  Scl.  Ibis,  1860,  pp.  68,  69 ; 

k  P.  Z  &  1867,  pp.  326,  338  (Chili). 
Ptyonura  frontalis,  JBurm.  J.f.  O.  1800,  p.  248 ;   id  La-Plata  Reise, 

u.  p.  462  (?). 

Above  cinereous ;  lores  and  supercDiaries  white  ;  whole  forehead 
black,  passing  into  brownish  on  the  vertex ;  tail-coverts  and  tail 
black,  outer  margin  of  outer  rectrix  white :  below  pale  cinereous, 
passing  into  white  on  the  belly,  crissum,  and  under  wing-covert-s  ; 
biU  and  feet  black:  whole  length  7*5  inches,  wing  5,  tail  3*1. 
FeftiaU  similar. 

Hab.  ChiU. 

At  once  recognizable  by  the  black  forehead,  which  becomes  rather 
brownish  as  it  contracts  and  passes  over  the  vertex. 

a,h.  cJ  $  ad.  sk.     Cordill.  de  Santiago,  Chili  {Land-  Sclater  Coll. 

beck), 

c.  cf  jr. ;  d.  Ad.     Chili  (Leybold).  Sclater  Coll. 

sk. 

^/.  cfjad.sk.    Chili  (Leybold).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

y.  Ad.  sk.  Chili.  Purchased. 

5.  Muscisaxicola  cinerea. 

Muscisaxicola  cinerea,  Ph.  et  Landb.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1806,  i.p.  80; 

Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  44  ;  Scl.  Ibij^,  1800,  pp.  67, 69  ;  id.  P.  Z.  S. 

1867,  pp.  326,  338  (ChiU) ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  18/4,  p.  633  (C.  Peru) ; 

tV^.  Om.  P&.  ii.  p.  212. 
Muscisaxicola  albimentum,  Lafr.  Rev.  Zool.  1866,  p.  61  (?). 

Above  cinereous  ;  supcrciliaries  whitish,  but  very  faintly  marked  ; 
tail -coverts  and  tail  black,  the  outer  margin  of  the  outer  rectrix 
white :  below  pale  cinereous,  becoming  white  on  the  belly,  crissum, 
and  under  wing-ooverts ;  bill  and  feet  black:  whole  length  6*4 
inches,  wing  3*9,  tail  2-4.     Female  similar,  but  not  quite  so  bright. 

Hab.  Chili  and  Peru. 


C.    Ad.  8k. 

d,e.  ?  (J  jr.  ek. 

/.  Ad.  8t 


TTBAiraiB.*. 

Cordill.  of  SimtiBi^,  CbUi 

{Lmibfek). 
Cordm.  of  Santiago,  Chili 

{lAin/ShecV), 
Valdivio,  Chili  {La^heck). 
Chili  (ZeyboU). 
Chili. 


SBlTin-Godmai 

Sclater  CoU. 
Sflater  Coll. 
Puicbaaed. 


6.  MoBciaaxicola  maeloviana. 

StItm  madoYiEwa,  Gam.  Foy.  Co^.,  Zoot.  i.  p.  640  (1826). 

HuacisBxiculs  madoTiaua,  Oray,  in  ZooL  Voy.  '  Jtragle,'  iii.  ] 
Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  96,  et  1860,  p.  385 ;  id.  fat.  A.  B.  p 
id.  Ibit,  1866, pp.  58, b%;Sel.et  Sale.  Nomencl. p. 44  ;  Abbott 
1861,  p.  164  (FaJkland  Is,)  ;  Sd.  et  Huds.  Arg.  Om.  i.  p.  13 

Ptyonura  macloviaiia,  Bp.  Comp.  L  p.  197, 

Musctsaxicola  mentalis,  d'Orb.  et  Zafr.  Syn.  Av.  i.  p.  66;  . 
Voy.,  Oil.  p.  355,  pi.  41.  fig.  1  ;  Gray,  in  Zoot.  Voy.  '  Beagi 
p.  83;  &/:  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  205;  id.  ifris,  ia;6,  pp,  68,  5t 
P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  99  (Lima),  1867,  pp.  326,  338  (Chili),  et 
pp.  641,  549  (Patagonia) ;  Fraser,  P.  Z.  S.  1843,  p.  112  (C 
ikl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1807,  pp.  CSS,  986,  1868,  p.  6«9  (Pei 
1879,  p.  612  (Bolivia);  iid.  Ibit,  1868,  pp.  186,  187  (£ 
Magellan);  Hd.  A'ommd.  p.  44;  Sharve,  P.  Z.  S.  1881 
(Coquimbo) ;  I^il.  et  Landb.  Wits'"-  -^f^-  1866,  p.  86  (C 
Tam.  Om.  Pir.  p,  219. 

Ochthoeca  chilenais,  -Hart/.  Naum.  1853,  p.  212. 

Ptyonura  mentalia,  Bp.  Contp.  i.  p.  196;  Ttch.  Faun.  Per., 
p.  167. 

Above  cinereous,  lores  blackish,  cap  brown  ;  taU-covert 
t»il  black,  outer  maipna  of  outer  tail-feather  whit«;  belofl 
cineroua,   paaaing  into  white  on  lower  belly,  crisBum,  and 

wing-covcrta ;  chin-spot  brown  :  h!D  and  ft-et  black  r  whole  I 
ii-1  iiicbcB.  wing  4-1.  tail  2-0.     Fmvale  similar,  but  chin-s 


19.   MU8CIBAXIC0LA.  57 

m,n,  (^  ad.  ak.  Hermit  I.,  Patagonia.  The  Admiralty  [P.]. 

0,  p.  Ad.  ak.  Falkland  Is.  (Leconte).  Sclater  Coll. 

q.  Ad.  sk.  Falkland  Is.  {Abbott),  Sclater  Coll. 

r.  Ad.  sk.  Falkland  Is.  Salyin-Godman  Coll. 

«-«.  (^  ad.  sk.  E.  Falkland  Island.  The  Admiralty  [P.]. 

V.  Ad.  sk.  S.  America.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

w.  Ad.  sk.  S.  America.  Jardine  Coll. 

X.  Ad.  st  Coauimbo.  C.  Darwin  [P.]. 

y.  Ad.  St.  Falkland  Islands.  J.  MacgiUivray  [C.]. 


7.    MnBcisajdcola  flavinncha. 

Muscisazicola  flavinucha,  lAifr,  Rev,  Zool,  1855,  p.  59;  ScL  Cat  A. 

^.  p.  205;  id.  Ibis,  1806,  pp.  58,  59;  id.  P.  Z  A  1867,  pp.  326, 

338  (Chili) ;   Sd.  et  Salv.  NomeficL  p.  44 ;    Tac%.  P.  Z.  S.  1874, 

p.  533  (C.  Peru) ;  id.  Om.  PSr.  ii.  p.  211. 
Musdsaxicola  flayivertiz,  Phil,  et  Landb.    Wieffm.  Arch.  1865,  i. 

p.  98 ;  Scl.  Ibis,  1866,  p.  58 ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  326. 

Above  cinereoos ;  front,  lores,  and  superciliaries  whitish ;  large 
nuchal  spot  pale  yellowish  fulvous;  upper  tail-coverts  and  tail 
black ;  outer  margin  of  outer  rectrix  white :  below  pale  cinereous, 
paasiiig  into  white  on  lower  belly,  crissum,  and  under  wing-coverts ; 
bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  7  inches,  wing  5*7,  tail  3*4.  Female 
similar,  but  rather  smaller. 

Hah.  Chili  and  Peru. 

The  pale  yellowish  fnlvous  nape-spot  at  once  distinguishes  this 
species  when  adult.     In  young  birds  it  is  hardly  apparent. 

41,  6.  d  $  ad. ;  Chili  (Leybold).  Sclater  Coll. 

c,  Jr.  sk. 

dL  <^  ad.;  «.  $  Prov.  of  Santiago,  Chili  (Let/-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

jr.  sk.  bold). 

/.  a.  Ad.  sk.  Prov.  of  Santiago,  Chili  (2>y-  P.   L.  Sclater,  Esq. 

bold).  [P.]. 

k,  i.  Ad.  sk.  Chili.  Purchased. 

j.  c^  ad.  sk.  Junin,  Peru  (Jtlski).  Sclater  Coll. 

k.  Ad.  sk.  Junin,  Peru  (Jelskt).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


8.  Muscisaxicola  rubricapilla. 

Muscisaxicola  rubricapilla,  Ph.  et  Landb.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1866,  i. 
p.  90  ;  Scl.  Ibis,  1806,  pp.  58,  59 ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1807,  pp.  326,  338, 
(ChUi) ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  986,  pi.  xlvi.,  1808,  p.  569,  et 
1876,  p.  16  (Peru)  ;  iid.  Nomencl.  p.  44 ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1874, 
p.  533  (C.  Peru) ;  id.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  216. 

Above  brownish  cinereous ;  lores  and  slight  superciliaries  whitish ; 
nape-patch  reddish  ;  upper  tail-coverts  and  tail  black ;  outer  margin 
of  outer  rectrix  white  :  below  pale  cinereous  white,  clearer  on  lower 
beUy,  crissum,  and  under  wing-coverts :  whole  length  6*8  inches, 
wing  4*6,  tail  3.     Female  similar. 

Hah.  Chili  and  Peru. 


o8  iruHiiiBX. 

a.  Ad.  ik.         Cbili  (I^ybold).  RcUter  C.ill. 

A.  2  mL  >k.      Curdillfro   of    Suitiago,  Cbili        Bclairr  Coll. 

ilamlbeck). 

t.  a  I'd-  ik-      Corditlt'ra   of   SantUgo,  Chili        I'.  1..  ScUter,  E^. 

(ZantOrt*).  [I'-]. 

d.  2  td-sk.      rhiliiui  Audi*  (LryMif).  Sftltin-O.dmuirnll. 

e.  Ad.>k.  I'aniiHU  of  Argviitine  Itep.  (Z.iy    BalviD-Gudmu  CulL 

/  Ad.  n.  Cbili.  PuTchued. 

0.  KnsdMzieolft  joniiuiifU. 

MuM-iMxiroUj>ininpn*l>,  Tan.  Orn.  Ffr.  ii.  p.  ^U. 
AliucixaiicuU  >]bili>r«,  Im/t.  Itrr.  /ahiI.  IH-Vi,  p.  110  if  |. 
HiuciMxicuk  rubrii'n|>iltii,  -VV.  rt  Sale.  I'.  Z.  S.  1«U7,  p.  WR,  pi.  iltl 

Nearly  aimilar  to  .1/.  rulirieajiillii,  but  pcrkapa  dialiDrt ;  body 
aboTo  much  rli«r(.'r  (trey,  more  aa  in  .1/.  rufirtrtr^;  nuchml  spot 
nut  M  well  defined  nnd  oxteiidinK  ovir  the  hcud  nearly  to  the  front : 
whole  Icnfcth  tl-:t  inrJiM,  winjc  4  n,  tuil  :{-l. 

Hah.  Central  Peru. 

a.  tS  Ml.  »k.      Juuiu,  Cmiral  IV-m  (Jtltki). 

i.  M.  Nk.  aalinan,  H.V,'.  Teni  ( UTtiMv).  '  Sctaler  (' 

r.  Ad.  -k.  Saiina*,  S.W.  IVru  (  II  hiu'fy).  Salvin-dodmu  CulL 

10.  KiueiMxicota  raflrertex. 

Mnmraxicola  rufivert^-z,  iTOrb.  ft  Ijtfr.  Syn.  Ar.  i.  p.  fM;  J'Ot*. 
I'<y.,  Oil.  p.  :i54.  )>1.  40.  f.  •> ;  I'M.  ft  I^mlh.  Ififom.  Artk.  \mS, 
i.  p.  tM>:  nridgfti.  /'.  Z.  a.  IMl.p.  )M  (ChiU);  Frairr,  P.  Z.  8. 
I^i:i.  p.  Ill'  ilbilil;  .*/.  fat.  A.  S.  p.  -JlXt;  id.  Ibis,  ItWB. 
pp.  W.  611;  id.  /'.  Z.S.  1N17,  pp.  liUl.  »»*  (Chili);  .«.  rf  JStafc. 
y..»rT.f;.  ji.  U  :  .;.)   J'.  Z.  .S.  IWW.  (,,  l.Vl  ilVrii\  ..(   l-^rD.  p  RIJ 


19.   MUBICIRAXICOLA.  59 

«>/  6  ad.  ak.  Prov.  of  Santiago,  Chili  (Leybold),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

9-  Ad.  ak.  Pampas  of  Arg.  Rep.  (LeybM). '  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

*.  Ad.  ak.  BoUvia.  T.  Bridges  [CI. 

t.  Ad,  ak ;  j.  Tinta,  S.  Peru  ( Whitely),  Sclater  Coll. 

$  ad.  ak. 

*.  c?  ad.  ak.  Tinta,  S.  Peru.  H.  Whitely  rc.]. 

/.  Ad.  ak.  Tinta,  Peru  {Whitdy).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


11.  Xnscisaxicola  macnlirostris. 

Masdsaxicola  maculirostris,  ^Orh.  et  Lafr,  Stfn.  Av.  i.  p.  66 ;  €COrb. 
Voy,,  OiB,  p.  356,  pi.  xli.  f.  2 ;  Scioto,  Cat.  A.  B,  p.  206  ;  id.  Ibis, 
1866,  pp.  57,  69 ;  td.  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  92  (Ecuador),  1867,  pp.  326, 
338  (Chili)  ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1868,  pp.  668,  569,  1869,  p.  164 
(Peru),  et  1879,  p.  612  (Bolivia) ;  iid.  Nomend.  p.  44 ;  Tacz, 
P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  634  (C.  Peru)  ;  id.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  219 ;  Dwrn- 
ford.  Ibis,  1878,  p.  395  (C.  Patagonia) ;  Berl.  et  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S. 
1884,  p.  295  (W.  Ecuador)  ;  Phil,  et  Landb.  TViegm.  Arch.  1865, 
pt  i.  p.  82  (Chili) ;  Scl.  et  Huds.  Arg.  Om.  i.  p.  134. 

Ptyonura  muculirostris,  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  196 ;  Burm.  La-Plata  Beise, 
ii.  p.  462. 

Above  greyish  brown,  lores  and  slight  superciliaries  whitish ; 
tail-coverts  and  tail  black,  the  outer  web  of  the  outer  rectrix 
white :  below  pale  greyif»h  white,  whiter  on  the  belly  and  crissum  ; 
bill  black,  with  the  base  of  the  lower  mandible  yellowish  ;  feet  black  . 
whole  length  5*6  inches,  wing  3*4,  tail  2*4.     Female  similar. 

Hab.  Chili,  Patagonia,  Bolivia,  Peru,  and  Western  Ecuador. 

a.  $  ad.  ak.  Prov.  of  Santiago,  Chili  (Phil,  et  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Landb.). 

6.  S  ad.  sk.  Prov.  of  Santiago,  Chih  (Let/bold).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  ak.  Prov.  of  Santiago  {Landbeck).  Sclater  Coll. 

A  d  jr.  ak.  Cordillera  of  Santiago  (Landbegk).  Purchased, 

e.  Ad.  ak.  Chili.  Sclater  Coll. 

f^g.  Ad.  ak.  Chili.  Purchased. 

A,  I.  $  ad.  sk.  Pampas  of  Arg.  Rep.  (LeybM).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

jf  *•  d  2  ad.     Rio  Negro  of  Patagonia.  H.  Durnford  [C.]. 

sk. 

i  Ad.  sk.  Tilotilo,  Yungas,  Bolma. (Buckley).    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

w.  Ad.  ak.  Tinta,  S.W.  Peru.  H.  Whitely  fC.]. 

».  6  ad.  sk.  Arequipa,  Peru.  II.  Whitely  [CJ. 

0.  Ad.  sk.  Arequipa,  Peru  ( Whitely).  Sclater  Coll. 

P'  Ad.  ak.  Arequipa,  Peru  ( Whitely).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

9'  Ad.  ak.  CalacaTi,  Ecuador  (Fraser).  Sclater  Coll. 

''•  6  ad.  ak.  Calacali,  Ecuador.  L.  Fraser  fC.]. 

».  Ad.  ak.  Quito,  Ecuador  (Fraser).  Sclater  Coll. 

12.  MuBcisazicola  fluviatilis. 

Mnsciaaxicola  fluviatilis,  Scl.  et  Salr.  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  187  (Lower 
Ucayali),  1869,  p.  698, 1873,  p.  277,  et  1876,  p.  16  (Peru) ;  iuJ. 
NomencLja.  44 ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  634  (C.  Peru),  et  1882, 
p.  18  (N.E.  Peru)  ;  id.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  220. 


flO  TrHAiwnijB. 

Above  pale  monee-brown ;  winga  blackiah,  with  the  tips  of  tl 
ooveits  rufous,  fonDing  two  slight  cross-bands ;  upper  tail-corei 
and  tail  blach,  outer  web  of  the  outer  rectriz  white  :  beneath  pa 
fulvoas  white,  passing  into  clear  whit«  on  the  beUy  and  crisaun 
under  wing-coverts  and  inner  margins  of  the  primaries  pale  fulvoui 
bill  shorter  and  broader  than  in  the  last  species,  black,  reddish 
the  base;  feet  block:  wholelength  5'3inchee,  wing3,tail2.  Femo 
similar. 

Hab.  Peru. 

The  slightly  bonded  wings  and  shorter  bill  distinguish  this  speci 
from  3/.  maeulirostrit. 


a,  6.  Ad.  sk.     Lower  UcajsU  (Bartlett). 


e.  $  ad.  sk. 
d.  j  ad.  ek. 
e,f.  Ad.  sk. 
a.  3  ad.  »k. 
A.  {f  ad.  sk. 


Nauto,  Peru  (Bartl^t). 
Upper  Ucajaii  (BartUtt). 
Lower  Ucavah. 
Coenipata,  S.  Peru  ( WhiUlu). 
Coenipota,  8.  Peru  XWhiUly). 


Sclster  ColL 


Sslvin-Uodmao  Coll. 

E,  Bartlett  [C], 
SalTin-Godmsu  Coll. 
Sclster  Coll. 


13.  Koscisaxicola  raflpennis. 

Mumssiicola  rufipenJ)i^  Taez.  P.  Z.  &  1874,  pp.  134,  5.-»  (C.  Pen 
1879,  p.  23,1  (N.  Peru);  id.  Orn.  IVr.  ii.  p.  221 ;  Sd.  et  So- 
P.  Z,  S.  1874,  p.  678. 

Above  dork  cinereous ;  vnngs  and  tail  blackish,  whole  of  tl 
inner  webs  of  remiges  and  lateral  rectrices  except  the  tips  brig] 
rufous,  almost  chestnut :  beneath  paler,  middle  of  belly  and  crissu 
white  ;  under- wing-coverts  fulvous  ;  bill  and  feet  black :  who 
length  8  iuchea,  wing  5-1,  toil  36.     "      -     ■    -. 


Key  to  the  Speciei. 

A.  Iiura  veba  of  wing-feathera  black    

B.  Inner  we1)s  of  wing-feathers  cinereous  . 


Stractura  of  CentriU*  niger,  (J  , 

1.  CentriteB  n^er. 

Alonette  noire  de  la  Encenada,  Daub.  PI.  Enl.  738.  fig.  2. 

Alanda  nirra,  Bidd.  Table  d.  PI.  Enl.  p.  46. 

Alauda  rufa,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  p.  792. 

AJauda  fulva,  Lalk.  lad.  Om.  ii.  p.  402 ;    Vieill.  Enc.  Mith.  p.  309. 

AnthuR  Mtiu,  VUiU.  Nouv.Dict.  zxvi.p./iOa.et  ^iic.  Mith.  p.  328; 
Wr.  rf  (fOri.  Syn.  ^r.  i.  p.  26 ;  dOrh.  Foy.,  Ow.  p.  223. 

Sylna  dorsulis,  King,  Zool.  Joum.  iii.  p.  428. 

Antbus  eiTthroiiotuB,  Merr.  in  Erich  u.  Qntb.  Enc.  tv.  p.  38f). 

Anthua  variegatiw,  -E^rf.  et  Gero.  Voy.  Faaor.,  Oil.  p,  38,  pi.  15. 

Leseonia  er7thTODnta,  Sw.  Clan.  Birdi,  [i.  p.  248. 

Le«eonia  nigra,  Hai-ti.  Ind.  Azar.  p.  10. 

Miucisaxicola  nigra,  Gould,  in  Zool.  Voy. '  BeagU,'  iii.  p.  84 ;  Fraier, 
P.  Z.  S.  1843,  p.  112  (Chili). 

Centropbanes  ruAia,  Cab.  in  Tick.  Faun.  Per.,  Ave*,  p.  167. 

Miuciaazicola  fulva,  Harll.  Vers.  Mui.  Breni.  p.  37. 

Centrites  nifus,  Gib.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1847,  i.  p.  266 ;  Bp.  Cbnjp.  i. 
p.  196. 

Centritea  niger,  Cab.  et  Rein.  Mui.  Hdn.  ii.  p.  48 ;  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B. 
p.  206;  id.P.Z  S.  1867.  p.  326  (Chili) ;  Barm.  La-Plata  Ban, 
li.  p.  468;  Scl.  et  Salv.  JVomend.  p.  44  ;  Od.  P.  Z  S.  1868,  p.  142 
(Buenos  Ayres),  1878,  p.  432  (Sandy   Point) ;    iid.  Ibis,  1868, 

SI.  185,  187  (Str.  of  Magellan)  ;  Od.  ^o«l.  ChaU.  Exp.  viii.  p.  101 ; 
ud»on,  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  pp.  87,  333,  et  1871 ,  p.  259  (Buenos  Ayrea) ; 
DtBTt/ord,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  177  (Buenoe  Ayras).  et  1878,  p.  395 
(C.  Patagonia) ;  Sharpe,  P.  Z.  S.  1881,  p.  8  (Magellan  8trwta) ; 
mate,  P.  Z.  S.  1882,_p.  604  (Arg.  Rep.) ;  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1883. 
p.  423  (Coquimbo)  j  Barroici,  Bull.  Null.  Om.  CI  siii.  p.  142 
(Entierioi) ;  Scl.  et  Hudt.  Ary.  Om.  i.  p.  134. 

Above  and  beneath  deep  black  ;  whole  of  back,  except  the  mmp, 


D2  TTBAHinDfi. 

and  Bcapularies,  chestnut ;  bill  and  feet  black ;  under  wing-oover 
and  wingH  beneath  black:  whole  length  5  inches,  wing  2'8,  tail  1* 
Female.  Above  brown,  hack  fulvaua  red  ;  toil  black ;  beneath  ai! 
brown. 

Hab.  Fatagonia,  Chili,  and  Argentine  Republic. 

Conchitas,  rep.  A^.  (Hiubon).  Sclater  CoU. 


a.   tS   ad. 

6.  d  jr, 

c.  a  ad.  ek.  Coaiuin,  Coidoba,  rep.  Arg.(  WTuU). 

<i  d  ad.  sk.  Parana,  lep.  Arg.  (Sarmeater). 

t,f.  (f  ad.  sk.  Coqiiiinbo,  Chih  (Mar}cham). 

g.  a  ad.  Bk.  ChDi. 

A.  d  "d.  flk.  Cbili  lS«ed). 

•,i-(J2ad.ak.  ChiU. 

k.  g  ad.  sk.  S.  America. 

I,  m.  (J  ad.:  Chupat,  Patagonia, 

n.  $  ad.  sk. 

o.  9  ad.  ak.  Tierra  del  Fuego. 

p.  cf  ad.  ak.  Cape  Gr^ry,  Pat^onia. 

g,  r.  cf  ad. ;  Sandy  Point,  Str.  of  Magellan. 

(,  t.  $  ad.  ak. 

u.  2  nd.  sk.  S.  America. 


Salvitt-Godman  Co 
Salvin-Godman  Co 
Salvin-Godman  Co 
ZooL  Soc  ColL 
Salvin-Godman  Go 
Puicbased. 
Sclater  CoU. 
H.  Duniford  [0.]. 

Capt.  Burnett   an 

Lt.  Fitzroy  [C] 

Dr.  CoppingerjC. 

*  Cballengei '  £^p. 


2.  Centritei  oreu. 

Centrites  niger,  Scl.  et  Sale.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  987,  et  1868,  p.  5 

(Pen.). 
Centrites  oreas,  Sd.  et  Satv.  P.  Z.  S.  1869,  pp.  151, 164  (Pern), 

1879,  p.    612  (Bolivia);    iid.   Ex.    Ont.   p.   191,  pL    xcvi.}    i 

Nmntitct.  p.  U ;  Taa.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  534  (C.  Peru) ;  id.   Oi 

Pir.  ii.  p.  222. 


21.  ifirociaRALLA. 


21.  ]nTSCIORALI.A. 


HoKiKnllA,  iOrb.  tt  Lafr.  Syn.  Ae.  i.  {: 
OchtUtM,  Cah.  Wi^m.  AnA.  IBU,  pt. 


Type. 

61  (1837). .     M.  brevicaudfc 
p.  277 M.  hrevicMiU. 


Structure  of  Muscyralla  breaicaada. 

TiuB  IB  perbapa  a  still  more  siagulor  type  than  Centrita,  from 
which  it  is  at  once  distinguished  by  its  long  legs  and  very  short 
tail;  it  is  an  esaggerat«d  form  of  Miurisaxicola  in  another  direc- 
tion.    It  is  restricted  to  Chili,  Bolivia,  Peru,  and  Western  Ecuador. 


1.  KoscigTalla  brevicandft. 

HDacisTalla  brevicauda,  cCOi-h.  et  Lafr.  &/».  Ar.  i.  p.  61  ;  ifOf*. 
Votf.,  0«.  p.  354,  pi.  30.  li(f.  1  ;  SclaUr,  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  p.  281  (Ecua- 
dor), 1807,  p  320  (CbUi) ;  id.  Cat.  A.  D.  p.  200 ;  Set.  et  Salv. 
Nomemi  p. 44 ;  Tais.  P.  Z. S.  1874,  p.  534,  et  1877, p. 325  (Peru) ; 
id.  Om.  Fir.  ii.  p.  223. 

Ochthitee  bruvicauda,  Cab.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1884,  pt.  i.  p.  277. 

AboTe  cinereous  ;  vertical  crest  yellow  ;  wings  brown,  wing- 
ooverta  and  outer  secondaries  edged  with  whitish  ;  upper  tail- 
coverts  chestnnt;  tail  black  ;  beneath  whitish,  aides  of  breast  and 
flanks  cinereous ;  bill  black ;  feet  brown :  whole  length  4'2  iachee, 
wing  2*5,  tail  1*4,  tarsus  1.     Female  similar. 

Hab.  Chili,  Bolivia,  Western  Peru,  and  Western  Ecuador, 

a.  KA.  sk.  Lima,  Peru.  Salvin-Godmsn  Coll. 

h.  Ad.  sk.  West  Peru  (Jdtki).  Sclaler  Coll. 

e.  Ad.sk.  PuDaI.,Guy«quiI(ri(tijome3).  Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Puna  I,  Guvaquil.  O.  Barclay  [P.} 

e.  S  ad.  sk.  Babahoyo,  Ecuador  {Frater).  Sclater  Coll. 
/.  Ad.  sk.  Guyaqiul  (Jame$on).  Jardine  Coll. 

g.  Ad.  sk.        S.  America.  Sir  D.  Cooper  [P.]. 


TTRAXNIDJE. 


Subfamily  II.  PLATYRHYNCHIN^. 

The  Platyrhymjtirux  are  a  foreafr-haiintang  ^oap  of  the  Tyranmdi 
disti  aguish  ed  generally  hy  their  broadeaed  hill  and  thin  tan 
modified  to  suit  their  arboreal  habits.  But  ia  the  aberrant  luembe 
of  the  subfamily  these  characters  become  much  weakened,  until  thi 
pasH  generally  into  those  of  the  Elaineina.  The  species  are  almo 
without  exception  of  small  eiie  and  dull  olive  and  grey  colours. 

The  PlattfrhyTtehitue  eit«nd  over  the  whole  Neotropical  Begit 
from  Boathem  Mexico  to  Patagonia. 


Index  to  the  Oenera. 

22.  Plattshtnchcb,  p.  64. 

23.  TODSOSTBUU,  p.  W. 


L,p'.76. 


27.  PsBTJuoTKiccns,  p.  8 

28.  C^NOTKiccrs,  p.  88. 

29.  LopaoTBiccus,  p.  86 

30.  Obchilus,  p.  88. 

31.  COLOPTEBUS,  p.  90. 


32.  Hgmitriccus,  p.  91. 

33.  Phylloscaktbh,  p.  92. 

34.  Hapalocebcds,  p.  93. 

36.    IlABB¥ftA,  p.  96. 

36.  CuLicivoHA,  p.  97. 

37.  POGONOTHICCUS,  p.  97. 

38.  Leptotbiccus,  p.  99. 

39.  Stiouatvba,  p.  100. 

40.  Sekpophaqa,  p.  101. 

41.  AN.fiBBTEB, 


A.  p.  lOi 

p.  100. 


22.  PLATYHEYUCHUS. 
PlstyrhynchuB,  Detm.  Tang.  Bub  tat.  72  (1806)    , 


22.    PL.iTTRHTNCH(78.  65 

b*.  Throat  fulvous  whitti ;  paler  above. .     7.  mystaceuSj  p.  67. 
h.  Head  cheatnut,  with  a  black  superciliary 
stripe. 

t  Larger :  under  surface  olivaceous 8.  coronatus,  p.  68. 

)  SmaJler :  under  surface  yellowish 9.  8U])erciliart8,  p.  68. 


1.  FlatyrhynchnB  rostratns. 

Todus  platyrhynchus,  Gm.  S.  N,  i.  p.  446 ;  Desm.  Tang,  pi.  72. 
Todus  rostratus,  Lath.  Ind,  Om.  i.  j>.  268. 
Platyrhynchus  fuscus,  Vieill,  Oal  Ois.  i.  p.  201,  pi.  126. 
Platyrhynchus  leucoryphus,  Max,  Beitr,  lii.  p.  974. 
Platvrhynchus  rostratus,  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  188;  Burm,  Syst,  Ueb.  iii. 

p.'506 ;  ScL  Cat,  A,  5.  p.  206 ;  Pelz,  Orn,  Bras,  p.  100 ;  Sd.  et 

Solo,  NomencL  p.  44. 

Above  olive ;  elongated  coronal  patch  white ;  rim  round  the  eye 
whitish ;  wings  blac^sh,  broadly  margined  with  rufous  ;  tail  brown : 
beneath  fidvous,  throat  clearer,  almost  white  ;  breast  darker ;  inner 
edgings  of  wing-feathers  pale  rufous  ;  upper  mandible  blackish, 
lower  white ;  feet  pale  yellowish :  whole  length  4*5  inches,  wing  2'Sj 
toU  1-7. 

ffab.  8.E.  Brazil. 

The  large  size  at  once  distinguishes  this  species. 

Sclater  Coll. 
J.  Gould,  Esq. 
Jardine  Coll. 


2.  Platyrhynchns  senex. 

Platyrhynchus  senex,  Scl,  et  Salv.  P.  Z,  S.  1880,  p.  156  (E.  Ecuador) ; 
Tacz,  P,  Z,  S,  1882,  p.  18 ;  id,  Orn.  Pir.  ii.  p.  224  (N.E.  Peru). 

Above  yellowish  olive  ;  head  blackish,  with  a  roundish  half-con- 
cealed white  coronal  patch  :  lores  whitish ;  wings  and  tail  blackish, 
edged  with  olive :  beneath  deep  fulvous,  throat  white;  upper  mandible 
blackish,  lower  white  ;  feet  pale  yellowish  :  whole  length  4  inches, 
wing  2-6,  tail  1-3. 

Hah.  Eastern  Ecnador. 

A  very  distinct  species,  recognizable  by  its  blackish  cap  and  deep 
fulvous  abdomen. 


a.  Ad.  sk. 

S.  Brazil. 

b.  Ad.  sk. 

S.  Brazil. 

c.  Ad.  sk. 

S.  Brazil. 

a,  6.  Ad.  sk.        Sarayacu,  Ecuador  {Buckley).         Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

(Tj'pes  of  the  species.) 
c.  Ad.  sk.  Chamicuros,  Peru.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 


3.  Platyrhynchns  flavignlaris.    (Plate  VIIT.  fig.  1.) 

Platyrhynchus  flavignlaris,  Sclater,  P,  Z.  S.  1861,  p.  382 ;  Scl,  et 
Sah,  NometKl.  p.  44. 

Above  olive,  bead  more  fulvous,  with  a  roundish  white  coronal 

VOL.  XIV.  F 


TTKAItmil^. 


patch ;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  mai^ned  with  olive :  beneath  yello 
sidcB  passing  into  olive:  whole  length  3'S  inches,  wing  2'3,  tail  I 

Hab.  Colombia. 

The  yellow  throat  and  middle  of  the  onder  Bnr&oe  at  once  d 
tinguish  this  species. 


Bogota. 


SdaterCull. 
(Type  of  the  epedc 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salyin-Qodman  C< 


4.  PlatyrhTiichaa  utnratns. 

PlaWrhynchua  saturatiu,  S^e.  d.  Qodm.  iiu,  1863,  p.  7 
lajS,  p.  29^ 


;  Sah>.L 


Above  olive-brown,  darker  on  the  head  ;  elongated  coronal  pat 
red  ;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  edged  with  rufous :  beneath  pale  y 
lowish,  throat  wbite,  slight  breast-band  and  flanks  olive ;  \ 
blackish,  feet  whitish  :  whole  length  36  inches,  wing  2-4,  tail  I 
Female  similar,  but  coronal  patch  not  so  well-marked. 

Hab.  British  Ouiana. 

The  red  coronal  patch  and  dark  colour  above  at  once  dietingoi 
this  species. 

a.  <J  ad.  sk.           Menim^  Mta.,  British  Ouiana  Salvin-Oodman  C 

( WAiteli/).  (Type  of  the  specii 

b,c.  ^2  Bd.  sk.      Camncusa,     British     Guiana  SalTin-Godman  C 
( WhiUlif). 

d.  ij  iii.  Bk.            Camacusa,    British    Quiima  Sclater  Coll. 
(  WiiUfy). 


22.   PLATTRnYNCHUS.  67 

6.  Platyrhynchns  albogularig.    (Plate  VIII.  fig.  2.) 

Platyrhynchus  albogularis,  SelaUr,  P.  Z,  S.  1860,  pp.  63,  92,  296 
(Ecuador) ;  id.  Cat.  A,  B,  p.  207 ;  ScL  et  Sato,  P.  Z.  S.  1869, 
p.  252  (Venezuela) ;  itd.  Nomencl  p.  44  ;  Salvin,  Ibis,  1869,  p.  814 
(Costa  Rica  and  Veragua) ;  id,  P.  Z.  S,  1870,  p.  19«  (Veragua) ; 
Boftcard,  PZ.S,  1878,  d.  62  (Costa  Rica);  Tacz,  P.Z.S,  1879, 
p.  233  (N.  Peru) ;  id,  Orn,  Pir,  ii.  p.  225 ;  BerL  et  Tacz,  P,  Z.  S. 
1883,  p.  653,  et  1886,  pp.  68,  88  (Ecuador). 

Nearly  similar  to  P.  mystaceua^  but  with  the  throat  pure  white, 
and  much  darker  olive  above. 

Hah,  Western  Ecuador,  Venezuela,  Veragua,  and  Costa  Rica. 

«.  (^  ad.  ak.  Pallatanga,  Ecuador  (Fraser).        Sclater  Coll. 

(Type  of  the  species.) 
h,  2  ad.  sk.  Nanesral,  Ecuador  (Fraser),  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  (J  ad.  sk.  Sta.  Rita,  Ecuador  (  Villagomez).    Salvin-Godman  ColL 

d,  $  ad.  sk.  San  Esteban,  Venezuela  (6^0^/791^).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
€,  (^  ad.  sk.          Venezuela  (Ooering),  Sclater  Coll. 

/iff' d  ^'f  Calovevora,  Veragua  (-4rc^).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

A.  $  ad.  sk. 

i.  Ad.  sk.  Calobre,  Veragua.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/  cf  ad.  sk.  Veragua.  O.  Salvin,  Esq.  [P.L 

A:.  $  ad.  sk.  Volcan  de  Chiriqui  (Arc4).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

'» w.  c?  2  ad.  sk.  Veragua  (Arc^),  Sclater  Coll. 

n.  2  ad.  sk.  Naranjo,  Costa  Rica  (Canniol).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

o.  $  ad.  sk.  Irazu,  Costa  Rica  (Rogers).  Sahdn-Godman  Coll. 


7.  Platyrhynchns  mystacens. 

Bigotillo,  Azara,  Apunt.  ii.  p.  93. 

Platyrhynchus  mystaceus,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet,  xxvii.  p.  14 ;  id.  Enc, 

Mith,  p.  844 ;  Sd,  Cat,  A.  B.  p.  207 ;  Pelz.  Om.  Bras.  p.  100 ; 

Set.  et  Salv.  Nomend,  p.  44 ;  Salv.  Ibis,  1885,  p.  292  (Br.  Guiana) ; 

Berlepsch,  J,  f,  O.  18/3,  p.  258  (S.  Catharina) ;    id.  Zeitschr.  ges. 

Om,  1885,  p.  129  (Rio  Grande  do  Sul);  JMiile,  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  605 

(Misiones,  rep.  Arg.) ;  Scl.  et  Uuds.  Arg.  Om,  i.  p.  136. 
Todus  cancroma,  Licht.  Doubl.  p.  61. 
Platyrhynchus  cancroma,  Tenim.  PL  Col.  pi.  12.  fig.  2  ;  Bp.  Consp,  i. 

p.  183;  Sw.  Zool.  lU.jpl.  115;  id.  Flycatch.  p.  158,  pi.  17  j  Burm. 

Syst,  Ueb,  ii.  p.  500 ;  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mris.  Hem,  ii.  p.  49. 

Above  olive,  darker  on  the  head ;  coronal  patch  bright  yeDow ; 
lores,  eye-region,  and  ear-coverts  pale  yellowish;  mystacal  stripe 
blackish ;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  edged  with  olive-brown  :  beneath 
clear  fulvous,  much  whiter  on  the  throat ;  upper  mandible  blackish, 
lower  whitish  ;  feet  pale  yellowish  :  whole  length  3-3  inches,  wing 
2-1,  tail  1*1.     FemaU  similar,  but  no  coronal  patch. 

Hab.  Guiana,  Brazil,  Paraguay,  and  north  of  La  Plata. 

0,  &.  cf  ad. ;  Tobago  (Kirk),  Jardine  Coll. 

Cyd.  $  ad.  sk. 
e,  ^  sd,;  Rorainia,Brit.Guiana(7r^/^/y).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/fP.  5  ad.  sk. 

f2 


h.  Ad.  sk. 

1.  d  sd.  ak. 
J,k.  tl  ad. ; 
/.  2  ad.  sk. 

?,  r.  (T  5  ad.  ak. 
f.  (Gided)  sk. 


TTRAiniin*. 

Mt.  Twek-qiiiiV,  Brit.  Guiimo 

Balitn,  Bnzil  (  Wvcherer). 
Bahiii,  Brazil  ( Wuchenr). 

Bahia. 

Pelotas,    Rio    Grande  do  Sul 

Braiii. 

Brazil. 

S.  America. 


Gould  CoU. 
Salvin-Oodmai 
Sclnter  Coll. 
C.  Darwin,  Ebi) 

S.  FlatjrliyncliiiB  coronatiu. 
PlatTThyncliua  coronatiu,  &/a(«r,  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  p.  71 ;  id.  Cat. 
p.  207,  pi.  iTii.  i  St-l.  el  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  45. 
Above  olive ;  sides  of  bead  yellowiah,  bordered  above  by  a 
superciliary  line,  and  with  a  blBckish  patch  beneath  the  eye ;  t 
chestnut, with  a  median  patch  bright  yellow:  beneath  yellowish 
rather  brighter  on  the  iJiroat  and  middle  of  the  belly ;  upper 
dible  blackish,  lower  yellowiah  ;  feet  pole  hazel :  whole  lengl 
inches,  wing  2-4,  tail  1-1.     Fem.iU  similar,  but  whole  crown 
chestnnt. 

Uab.  Ecuador, 
a.  Ad.  sk.  Ecuador.  Sclnter  Coll. 

(Type  of  the  api 
h-d.  Ad.  sk.         Sarayacu,  Ecuador  {BiicMfy).  Salvin-Godmar 

e.  Ad.  St.  Ecuador.  Purchased. 

9.  Pla^liTuclitts  snperciliarla. 

Platyrhjuchua  supercilifiris,  Znicr.   lh;».  186;},  p.    l&i  (l*Hn 


23.   T0DIR08TRUM.  09 

23.  TODIEOSTEUM.  ,p_ 

Type. 

Todirostrum,  Less.  Trait.  (fOm,  p.  384  (1881)   T.  dnereum. 

Triccus,  Cab,  m  Tsch,  F.  P.,  Aves,  p.  164  (1845)    T.  cinepeum. 

Poecilotriccus,  Berleptch,  Joum.f,  O.  1884,  p.  208 T.  lenzi. 

The  long  spatulate  bill,  somewhat  resembling  that  of  the  genus 
Todws^  has  been  the  occasion  of  the  generic  name  of  this  group, 
which  contains  about  16  species  of  diminutive  size,  but  in  many 
cases  of  very  ornamental  colouring.  They  are  spread  over  the 
Neotropical  Eegion  from  South  Mexico  to  the  southern  limits  of 
Brazil  and  Bolivia. 

Key  to  the  Species, 

A.  Oown  black  or  slaty. 

a.  Abdomen  yellow. 

a'.  Throat  not  spotted,  yellow, 
a".  Front  black. 

a'".  Superciliaries  black : 

ichin  yellow    1.  ctnereum,  p.  60. 
chin  white 2.  sclateri,  p.  71. 

h"\  Superciliaries  yellow 8.  chrysocrotaphumy  la,  71. 

6".  Front  black 4.  poliocephalum^  p.  71. 

6'.  Throat  not  spotted,  white. 
c".  Back  olive : 

bend  of  wing  black 5.  niyrireps,  p.  72. 

bend  of  wing  chestnut 6.  calapterum,  p.  72. 

cf '.  Back  black 7.  puhheHunif  p.  72. 

c'.  Throat  spotted,  yellow   8.  guttatumj  p.  73. 

d'.  Throat  spotted,  white  : 

{crown  black 9.  mactdatunif  p.  73. 
crown  grey    10.  signattwi,  p.  74. 

b.  Abdomen  white : 

\  crown  slaty    11.  schistaceiceps,  p.  74. 

}  crown  black  12.  picatuniy  p.  74. 

B.  Crown  red. 

c.  Middle  of  abdomen  white  13.  capitale,  p.  75. 

d.  Middle  of  abdomen  yellow. 

e'.  Crown  red,  surrounded  by  a  black 

line  .    14.  ruficcpa,  p.  75. 

/*.  Whole  head  above  red  : 

{head  darker  red 15.  rufigene^  p.  70. 
head  lighter  red    16.  lenzi,  p.  76. 

1 .  Todirostmm  cinereiuD. 

Todus  cinereusy  Linn.  S,  N,  i.  p.  178 ;  Desm.  Tang.  pi.  68. 

Muscicapa  meloxantha,  Span^tn.  Mus.  Carls,  pi.  97. 

Todus  melanocephalus,  SpiXy  Av.  Bras.  ii.  p.  8,  pL  9.  6g.  2 ;  Moa", 

Bekr.  iii.  p.  962 ;  Sw.  Flycatch.  p.  175,  pi.  18. 
Todirostmm  cinereum,  Less.  Tr.  iOm.  i.  p.  384 ;   Lafr.  Btv.  ZooL 


I 


1846,  p.  360;  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  pp.  67, 148, 1856,  p.  141, 1857, 
pp.  83, 203, 1858,  p.  458,  et  1860,  p.  283 ;  id.  Ibis,  1859,  p.  444 ;  id. 
Cat.  A.  ^.  p.  207  ;  Pek.  Orn.  Bras.  p.  160 ;  Scl.  et  iSalv.  Ibis,  1859, 
p.  124  (Guatemahi) ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  358  (Panama),  1868, 


70  nfBAHNID^. 

p.  168  (Veneiuels),  1870,  p.  837  (Honduras),  1876,  p.  16  (S.  ] 
1879,  p.  6]2  (Antioquift)  et  p.  612  (Bolivia)  j  iid.  Jfomaid.  i 
R-anU.  J.f.  0.  leoO,  p.  307  (Coat*  Rica);  WyaU,  Oil, 
p.  332  (Colombia) ;  Tacx.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  634  (C.  Piiru), 
p.  325  (W.  Peru),  1880,  p.  202  (N.  Peru),  1882,  p.  18 ;  id. 
i¥r.  iL  p.  226;  Forbti,  lbi»,  1881,  p.  341  (Penmmbuco) ; 
P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  147,  1870,  p.  100  (Vera^a),  1883,  r 
(Panama) ;  id.  Xbii,  1886,  p.  202  (Br.  Guian.) ;  Bertepteh,  J 
1884,  p.  2(^  (Bacanumuiga) ;  Tacz.  et  Berl.  P.  Z.  S.  18B6, 
(Ecuador). 

TriccuB  dnerena,  Oib.  in  Schomb,  Oniati.  iii.  p.  702 ;  Tick.  . 
Rr.,  Avei,  p.  164 ;  Cab.  tt  Rein.  Mut.  Hein.  a.  60. 

Triccna  melaiiocephftlus,  Burm.  Syst.  Ueh.  ii,  p.  405. 

Todiroatrum  cinereum  et  T.  melanocephalum,  Bp,  Contp.  i.  p. 

Todi rostrum  plumbeun,  Lavr.  A3in.  L.  N.  Y.  iz.  p.  273  (e: 

Above  cinereous,  crown  black  ;  winge  black,  coTerle  and  ext 
Becondariea  edged  with  white,  primaries  narrowly  edged 
yellowish  ;  tail  black,  broadly  tipped  with  white  :  beneath  ye 
bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  3*7  iiiches,  wing  1-7,  tail 
Feinnle  aiinilar. 

Hab.  Sonth  Mexico,  Guatemala,  and  throQghout  Central 
Eastern  Bouth  America  to  Sonth-east  Brazil.  Beplaccd  in  "ft't 
Ecuador  and  Pcra  by  T.  tdateri, 

a.  $  nd.  sk.  Ihienaf,  Quatemala  (Salvin).        Salvin-Godmar 

6.  Ad.  ak.  Guatemala  {Salv.  ^  Godm,).         SalTin-Godmati 

c.  Ad.  ak.  Goban,  Vera  Paz  {Salmn).  Sclater  Coll. 

d.  <5  ad.  ak.  Mugeres  L,  Yiitatan  (Goamer).    Snlvin-Godmai 

e.  Ad.  ak.  Bebze  (Salvin).  SalTin-Oodmaii 
/.  Ad.  ak.  San  Pedro,  Honduras  (W^^^).  Salvin-Godmai 


23.   TODIROSTBUM.  71 

^^f.  Ad.  sk.  Bartica  Grove,  Brit    Guiana  Salvin-Gudiuan  ColL 

(  WhiUl^), 

fff  A'.  (^  ad.  sk.      Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

( Whiiely), 

i",/.  Ad.  flk.  Pernambuco^  Brazil  (Forbes).  Salvin-Godman  OoU. 

k,  r.  Ad.  ak.  Bahia,  Brazil  (  Wucherer).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

m'.  Ad.  ak.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

n\  Ad.  sk.  Bolivia.  T.  Bridges  [C.]. 

o'.  Ad.  at  S.  America.  Gould  Coll. 

p'.  Ad.  St  Brazil  Gould  ColL 

2.  Todirostmm  sdaterL 

Triocos  aclateriy  Cab,  et  Hein,  Mtu,  Hein.  ii.  p.  51. 

Todiroatrum  sclateri,   Berl,  et    Tacz,   P,  Z.  S.  188-%  p.  563    (VV. 

Ecuador) ;  Tacz.  et  Berl.  P.  Z.  S.  1886,  p.  88  (Ecuador) ;  Tacz. 

Orn.  Pir.  ii.  p.  226. 
Todirostrum  cinereum,  ScL  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  283  (W.  Ecuador)  ; 

Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  iJ26  (W.  Peru). 

Similar  to  T.  cinereum  y  but  the  throat  and  nasal  coverts  white 
(Berl,  et  Tacz.). 

Hah.  W^tem  Ecuador  and  Western  Peru. 

3.  Todirostrnm  chrTSOcrotaphum. 

Todirofttrum  cbrjsocrotaphum,  Strickl.  Contr.  Om.  1860,  p.  48, 
pL  xlix.;  Sd.  H  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  187  (Ucayali),  1873, 
p.  278  (R  Peru)  ;  iid.  Nomencl.  p.  46  ;  Tacz.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  227. 

Triccus  illigeri,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  49  (1869). 

Above  yellowish  olive,  crown  and  sides  of  the  head  black,  broad 
and  lengthened  superciliaries  yellow ;  wings  black,  margined  with 
yellowish  olive  ;  tail  black,  with  slight  yellowish  edgings :  beneath 
bright  yellow,  chin  whitish ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length 
3-4  inches,  wing  1*0,  tail  1*2. 

Hob.  Upper  Amazonia. 

The  broad  yellow  superciliaries  at  once  distinguish  this  species 
from  all  its  allies  except  2\  giUUitum,  which  has  a  spotted  breast. 

a.  (^  ad.  sk.  Upper  Ucayali  (Bartlett).  Sclater  Coll. 

6,  e.  Ad.  sk.  Upper  Ucayali.  C.  Bartlett  [C.]. 

4.  Todirostrnm  poliocephalnm. 

Todus  poliocephalus,  Afax.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  965. 

Todiroetrum  navifrons,  Lafr.  Rev.  Zool.  1846,  p.  361. 

Todirostrnm  poliocephalnm,  Sclater.  P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  84 ;  id.  Cat.  A, 

^.  p.  208 ;  Pelz.  Om.  Bras.  p.  100 ;  Scl.  et  Sale.  Nomencl.  p.  44. 
Triccus  poliocephalus,  Burm.  Syst.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  496. 

Above  oUve,  crown  dark  cinereous ;  large  frontal  spot  on  each 
side  yellow  ;  wings  and  tail  black,  edged  with  yellowish :  beneath 
yellow;  bill  black,  feet  blackish  :  whole  length  4  inches,  wing  1*7, 
tail  1*4.     Female  similar. 

Hab.  S.E.  Brazil. 


TTRANHIDJE. 


The  yellow  front,  divided  ia  the  middle  by  a  narrow  blaci 
renders  this  apecies  easily  distinguishable. 


a.  d  ad.  ri(. 

Shd  Paolo,  Brwil. 

SalviD-Qodmai 

b.  Ad.  sk. 

S.E.  Bnuil. 

Balvin-Qodniw 

c.  Ad.  ak. 

S.K  Brazil. 

Sclatw  OoU. 

d.    Ad.  Bk. 

Brazil 

Gould  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk. 

Braiil. 

/  Albino  var.  sk. 

Braiil. 

'j,.    Ad.Bt. 

Brazil. 

Gould  CoU. 

5.  Todirostnim  n^ricepa. 

Todirostnim  Digriceps,  SeiaUr,  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  66,  pi.  84.  fig 
1867,  pp.  82,  B4 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  207 :  Sci.  et  Sa&.  P.  Z.  8. 
p.  3o8  (Panama);  iid.  ^'otiiatel.  p.  45;  Fraviz.  /./.  O. 
p.  307  (Cosla  Rica). 

TriRCua  nigriceps,  Cab.  tt  Hein.  Miu.  Hein.  ii.  p,  49. 

Above  olivaceous  yellow,  rrown  and  sides  of  head  black  ; 
and  tail  black  edged  with  yellowish  :  beneath  yellow,  throat  « 
bill  and  feet  black:  whole  length  3'2  inches,  wing  1-6,  t 
Femalt  aimilar. 

Hub.  Coata  Rica,  Panama,  Colombia,  and  Ecnador. 


.,6.  6 


.l'^"- 


6.  Todirostnim  calopteram. 
Todirostnim  calopterum,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  82,  pi.  ( 


23.  TODTROBTRUM.  73 

Above  black,  mmp  olivaceous ;  wings  black,  lesser  wing-coverts 
yellow,  bend  of  tbe  wing  dark  chestnut ;  tail  black,  outer  margin  of 
external  rectrix  whitish :  beneath  bright  yellow,  throat  white ;  bill 
and  feet  black:  whole  length  3*5  inches,  wing  1-9,  tail  1-3. 

Bah.  Southern  Peru. 

The  black  upper  surface  renders  this  species  easily  recognizable. 

a.  d  ad.8k.  Oosnipata,  S.  Peru(TrAt^/y).        Sclater  Coll.   .(Type 

of  the  species.) 

8.  Todirostnmi  gattatnm. 

Todirostrum  guttatum,  Peh,  Om,  Bras.  p.  101 ;  8d,  et  Salv.  Nomencl. 
p.  45. 

Above  yellowish  olive  ;  crown  and  sides  of  head  black,  a  broad 
superciliary  line  behind  the  eye  yellow ;  small  loral  spot  whitish  ; 
wings  and  tail  black,  coverts  and  outer  secondaries  broadly  edged 
with  yellow,  remiges  and  rect rices  narrowly  with  olive :  beneath 
yellow,  chin  whitish,  throat  and  breast  spotted  with  black ;  bill 
black ;  feet  blackish  :  whole  length  3*7  inches,  wing  1'6,  tail  1*1. 

Bab.  Colombia  and  Upper  Amazonia. 

Easily  distinguished  from  the  two  other  species  with  spotted 
throats  by  the  ground-colour  of  the  throat  being  yellow,  not  white, 
and  by  the  yellow  postsuperciliary  band. 

a.  Ad.  sk.         Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

6.  Ad.  sk.  Pebas,  Upper  Amazons  (BauxweU).         Sclater  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  S.  America.  Jardine  Coll. 


9.  Todirostrmn  macnlatunL 

Todus  maculatus,  Desm.  Tang.  pi.  70. 

Platyrhynchus  maculatus^  VieiU.  Nouv.  Did.  xxvii.  p.  19 ;  id.  Enc. 
MHh.  p.  841. 

Todus  cinereus,  Spix,  Av.  Bras,  ii.  p.  8,  pi.  ip.  fig.  1. 

Todirostrum  maculatum.  Less,  Tr,  (TOrn.  i.  p.  384;  La/r,  Bev.  Zool. 
1840,  p.  360 ;  Sclater,  P.  Z,  S.  18o7,  p.  Sti;  id.  Cat.  A,  B.  p.  208; 
Peh,  Om.  Bras,  p.  100;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S,  1806,  p.  187,  1867, 
p.  978,  1873,  p.  278;  iid.  Nomencl.  p.  45;  Lauard,  Ris,  1873, 
p.  381  (Lower  Amazons) ;  Salv,  Ibisj  lci8o,  p.  292  (Br.  Guiana). 

Above  olive,  crown  black ;  wings  and  tail  black,  edged  with 
yellowish  olive :  beneath  pale  yellow,  throat  white ;  throat  and 
breast  striated  with  black  ;  bill  black,  pale  at  the  base ;  feet 
brown :  whole  length  3*5  inches,  wing  1*9,  tail  1*3.  Female 
similar. 

a,h,  d  ad.  sk.      Bartlca  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(  miitely), 

c.  Ad,  sk.  Cayenne.  Sclater  Coll. 

d.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Baruellos,  Rio  Negro  (Natterer).     Sclater  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Mexiana,     Lower     Amazons        Sclater  Coll. 

(  Wallace). 


•mavmnM. 


f.  rf«d.ak. 

Para  (I^ard). 

a.  Ad.ek. 

S.  America. 

Gould  ColL 

A.  Ad.  Bk. 

S.  America. 

PuTchnaed. 

t.  Ad.  St 

S.  America. 

Purchwed. 

10.  lodiToatmm  stgnatum. 
TodiioBtrum  ngnatum,  Set.  et  Salv.  Ibi*,  1861,  p.  367;  Taa 

Fir.  ii.  p.  22B. 
Todiroslrum  maculatum,  Sd.  et  Saiv.  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  187  ( 

UcayaliJ,  1867,  p.  978  (Amazonia.),  1873,  p.  278  (E.  Peru) 

Above  olive,  head  above  grey ;  vings  aod  tol  black,  etiged 
yellowish  olive  :  beneath  yellow,  throat  white  ;  throat  and 
striated  with  black ;  bill  blackish,  under  mandible  whitish  : 
length  3-5  inches,  wing  1-9,  tail  1-3. 

Uab.  Upper  Amazonia. 

A  very  close  ally  of  T.  mamlatam,  distinguishable  only 
lighter,  grey,  cap. 

a.  Ad.8k.  Pebas,  E.  Peru  (^aum«tf).        Salviu-Godmaii  ( 

6.  d  ad.  ak.  Yquitoe,  E.  Peru  { Whiteiy).      Solvin-Godmant 

(Types  of  the  sp 

11.  Todiroatrom  achiitaceicDpa. 

Todirostnim  scbistaceiceps,  Sdati^,  Ibis,  16^9,  p.  444;  id.  t 
1850,  p.  384;  id.Cat.A.B.^.'iati;  Scl.  elSalv.  Ibu,l&ao,i 
iid.  P.  Z.S.  1864,p.  36ri;  luJ.  A'wnenc/.  p.  45. 

Todiroatrum  Bupeiciliaris,  Laa-r.  Ann.  L.  N.  Y.  i.  p.  19  (Carfc 

Above  olive ;  head  above  and  nape  cinereous ;  lores  white ; 

and  luil  blatk,  covcTta  VtrouiWy  t\]i])i?(l  ^'ilh  yellowiBb  :  remigi 


23.  T0DIB08TBUM.  75 

Above  black ;  lores  whitisb,  a  patch  on  the  outer  webs  of  the 
external  secondaries  creamy  white;  tail  black,  external  rectrices 
tipped  with  white :  beneath  white ;  sides  of  breast  blackish,  flanks 
and  under  wing-coverts  tinged  with  yellow ;  upper  mandible  black, 
lower  mandible  and  feet  white  :  whole  length  3*5  inches,  wing  2, 
tail  1-4. 

Hah.  Western  Eucador. 

A  very  well-marked  species,  recognizable  by  its  black  upper 
surfiace. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Bio  Napo.  Sclater  Coll.     (Type 

of  the  species.) 
6.  Ad.  sk.  Rio  Napo.  Gould  CoU. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Kio  Napo.  Purchased. 

d,  e.  Ad.  sk.  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley),       Salvin-Godman  OoU. 
/.  Ad.  sk.              Sarayacu,  Ecuador  {Buckley),        Sclater  Coll. 

13.  Todirostrum  capitale. 

Todirostrum  capitale,  Sclatery  P,  Z,  S,  1857,  p.  83,  pi.  125.  fig.  2,  et 
1868,  p.  70 ;  id.  Cat,  A.  B,  p.  208  j  Scl.  et  Solo,  Nomencl,  p.  45. 

Above  olive ;  crown  rufous ;  wings  blackish,  edged  with  olive ; 
outer  secondaries  with  a  broad  external  margin  of  pale  yellowish 
(as  in  T,  picatum) ;  tail  blackish,  edged  with  olive  ;  outer  rectrices 
tipped  with  white :  beneath  white,  sides  of  neck  dusky  grey  ;  flanks 
and  under  wing-coverts  tinged  with  pale  yellowish  ;  bill  above 
black,  low^  mandible  white ;  feet  pale  brown :  whole  length  2*5 
inches,  wing  1*7,  tail  1*3. 

Bab,  Western  Ecuador. 

Count  V.  Berlepsch  suggests  to  me  that  this  may  be  the  female  of 
T.  picatum^  which  is  possible,  though  in  all  other  species  of  the 
genus  the  sexes  are  similar. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Kio  Napo.  Sclater  Coll. 

6.  Ad.  sk.  Bio  Napo.  JardineCoU. 

Cf  d.  Ad.  sk.  Bio  Napo.  Purchaaed. 

e,/.  Ad.sk.  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (^wcWey).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


14.  Todirostrum  mficeps. 

Todirostrum  ruficeps,  Kaup,  P,  Z,  S,  1851,  p.  62 ;  Sclater ^  P,  Z,  8, 
1856,  pp.  67, 148,  et  1857,  p.  84 ;  id.  Cat.  A,  B.  p.  207;  Scl.  et  Sak. 
Xomettcl,  p.  45  ;  iid,  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  612  (Antioquia). 

Todirostrum  multicolor,  Strickl.  Contr.  Om.  Ib52,  p.  42,  pL  85.  fig.  2. 

• 

Above  clear  olive  ;  crown  red,  surrounded  by  a  black  line  ;  ear- 
coverts  white,  bordered  below  by  a  black  line ;  wings  and  tail  black, 
coverts  tipped  with  pale  yellow ;  remiges  and  rectrices  margined 
with  olive :  beneath  yellow ;  chin,  throat,  and  fore  neck  white  ;  bill 
black;  feet  brown:  whole  length  4  inches,  wing  1*9,  tail  1*5. 
Female  similar. 

Hab,  Colombia. 


70  TYBANBIDA 

a,  b.  Ad.  sk.  Bo^la.  Sdater  Coll. 

e,  d.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  SalviD-Oodrntui  Ci 

«■,/.  Ad.  8k.  Bogota.  JardineColl. 

!/.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Gould  Coll. 

h.  (Jad.  sk.  Frootino,  AiitioquiB(Sa/mo«).  SalTm-Godinaii  Ci 

t.  Ad.  ek.  Medellin,  Antioquia  (Salmon).  Salvin-Oodinan  O 

j.  Ad.  at.  Bogota.  Purchaaed. 

15.  Todirostrum  m&gene. 

Todirostnim  nificeps,  Set  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  144  (Ecuador). 
Todirostrum  rufiirene,  &l.  it  Salr.  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  622. 
Pcecilotriccus  rufigeEJa,  Brrl  J.  f.  O.  1884,  p.  298. 

Above  dear  olive,  crown  red;  ear-coverta  palernfous;  wings  a 
tail  black,  margined  with  olive;  ooverte  tipped  with  pale  yellc 
beueath  yellow,  throat  in  the  middle  nhit«,  at  the  sides  washed  wi 
riifouB  ;  bill  black,  feet  pale  brown  :  whole  length  2-6  inches,  wi 
1-8,  taQ  1-4. 

Nab.  Woatern  Ecuador. 

Dietini^ahed  from  T.  ruficrpt  by  the  rofons  eidca  of  the  head. 

a.  Ad.  ak.  Pallatansa,  Ecuador  (friuer).  Salvin-Godman  Oi 

h.  t^nd.  sk.  Cayandeted,  Ecuador  {Stt^mantC).  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  MoD^,  Ecuador  (Bucifey).  Salvin-Oodman  d 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Imtac,  Ekniador  (Burklei/).  Solvin-tiodmon  Ci 

16.  TodiroBtnuB  lend. 
Todiroatrum  lenzi,  Berl.  J./.  0. 1884,  p.  24fl,  t.  i,  6gs.  1,  2. 
Pcecilotficcua  lenii,  Perl.  J./.  O.  1884,  p.  208. 

Similar  to  T.  raJUepa  and  T.  rufigene  i  but  different  from  t 
former  in  the  uniform  ruatj-red  colour  of  the  head,  and  from  1 


24.   0NC08T0MA.  77 


1 .  Oncostoma  cmereignlare. 

Todirostrum  cinerDigulare,  Sclater,  P,  Z.  S,  ]850,  p.  295  (Mexico") ; 

id,P.Z,8.  1867,  p.  84,  et  18.50,  p.  384  (Mexico) ;   id.  Ibis,  1859, 

p.  444;  Lawr,  Ibu,  1862,  p.  12. 
Oncostoma  cinereigulare,  ScL    Cat.  A.  B.  p.  208;    ScL  et  Solo. 

Namend.  p.  45 ;  Salv.  IbU,  1806,  p.  194  (Vera  Paz)  ;  id.  P.  Z.  S. 

1870,  p.   196  (Verairua);  Fiantz.  J.  f.   O.  1869,  p.  307  (Costa 

Rica) ;  Boucard,  P.  Z,  S.  1883,  p.  447  (Yucatan). 

Above  olive-green,  crown  slightly  cinerascent;  wings  and  tail 
blackish;  wing-coverts  tipped  and  outer  secondaries  edged  with 
yellowish  olive;  primaries  and  rectricos  narrowly  margined  with 
green  ;  bend  of  wing  yellowish  :  beneath  yellowish,  slightly  flamrau- 
lated  with  olive  ;  throat  and  breast  cinereous  ;  under  wing-coverts 
pale  yellowish ;  bill  dark  horn-colour,  whitish  at  the  base  ;  feet 
pale  brown  :  whole  length  3*8  inches,  wing  2,  tail  1*6.  Female 
similar. 

Hah.  Southern  Mexico  and  Central  America  to  Chiriqui. 

0.  dad.8k.        Oaxaca,  Mexico  (^oz^ar^).  Sclater  Coll.     (Type 

of  the  species.) 

h.  Ad.  ak.  Northern  Yucatan  {Gaumer).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Vera  Paz  (Salvin).  Sclater  CoU. 

d.  Ad.  ak.  Retaluleu,  Guatemala  (Salvin).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  ak.  Cohan,  Vera  Paz  (Salvin).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
/.  Ad.  ak.  Vera  Paz  (Salvin).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
if.  Ad.  ak.  Vera  Paz  (Salvin).  O.  Salvin,  Esq.  [P.]. 
A.  Ad.  ak.  Vera  Paz  (Salviti).  Tweeddale  Coll. 

1.  (J ad. ;  j.  Ad.  Volcan  de  Agua,  Guatemala  {Sal-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

sk*  vin). 

k.  c^ad.  sL         Bugaba,  Chiriqui  (Arc^).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  at.  Honduras.  D.  Dyson  [C.]. 


2.  Oncostoma  olivaceonL 

Todirostrum  olivaceum,  Lawrence ^  IhiHy  1862,  p.  12. 
Oncoetoma  olivacea,  Laior.  Ann.  L.  N.  Y.  vii  p.  473  (Panama). 
Oncostoma  olivaceum,  ScL  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  358  (Panama)  ; 
iid.  Nomencl.  p.  45. 

Above  uniform  rather  yellowish  olive ;  wings  and  tail  blackish  : 
wing-coverts  tipped  and  outer  secondaries  edged  with  yellowish  ; 
primaries  and  rectrices  narrowly  margined  with  olive  :  beneath 
uniform  yellowish,  passing  into  olivaceous  at  the  sides  ;  under  wing- 
oovertu  sulphur-yellow ;  bill  corneous  ;  feet  pale  brown :  whole 
length  3*4  inches,  wing  1-7,  tail  1*4. 

Eab.  Panama. 

Easily  known  from  0.  cinerei//ulare  by  its  uniform  yellowish 
under  surface. 

a.  <5ad.  ak.  P AnamA  (McLeannatt).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

6.  Ad.  sk.  Panama  (McLeannan).  Sclater  Coll. 


TtBAHMID^. 


.  EUSCABTHH US  • 


Euscarthmiiii,  Max.  Beitr.  ill  p.  916  (1831) E.  nidi  pen 

The  group  to  wbich  Cubanis  and  Heine  hare  restricted  1 
Max.of  Neuwied's  term  Eiucarlhmiaf  erabraceB  abont  flflxensp 
which  are  diatribated  oter  the  wooded  di^tricti*  of  South  An 
from  Colombia  to  Bolivia  and  South  Brazil.  Their  ge 
characters  are  much  thoee  of  Todiivttrum,  but  the  bill  ia  n 
much  produced  aud  ie  more  spatulate. 

Key  to  the  Spede*. 

A,  Throat  uniform,  not  striated. 

a.  Throat  white  or  whitish  olivaceous. 
a'.  Ciown  olive  like  tiie  back. 
a".  Lores  olive; 

I  no  white  eje-ring 1.  mdifoidultu,  p.  78. 

j  a  whitu  eye-ring    3.  xotteropt,  p.  79. 

b".  Lores  whitish 3.  orbUatui,  p.  79- 

c".  Lores  brownish   4.  fumifrotu,  p.  79. 

f .  Crown  brownish 6.  peUetni,  p.  80, 

d.  Crown  gTeyish  : 

I  lores  whitish 6.  margaritacaventmr,-^ 

I  lores  rufous     7.  latirostria,  p.  81. 

h.  Throat  more  or  lees  rufous. 
d'.  Breast  white : 

I  wings  banded 8.  gularit,  p.  81. 

I  wings  unhanded 9.  rufiffularii,  p.  82. 

e'.  BreMt  rufoua 10.  na»atm,  p.  82. 

c.  Throat  blaclt  : 

I  lores  whitish       11.  granadaait,  p.  82. 

I  lores  rufous     12.  pyrrhopt,  p.  83. 

B.  Throat  striated. 
yellowish 


25.    EU80ARTHMU8.  79 

Gf  b.  Ad.  sk.        Bahia,  Brazil  ( Wucherer),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e,  d.  Ad.  d^        Bahia,  Brazil.  Sclater  OoU. 

e.  c^ad.  sk.  Ypanema,  Sad  Paolo,  Brazil         Sclater  Coll. 

{Natterer). 

f.  Ad.  9k.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

2.  EnscarthmnB  zosterops. 

EuflcarthmuB  zosterops,  Peh,  Om,  Bras,  pp.  102,  173 ;  ScL  et  Sale, 
Nomend.  p.  45 ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  138. 

Above  oliTB-green ;  slight  ring  roand  the  eye  whitish ;  wings 
and  tail  blackish,  edged  with  olive :  beneath  pale  yellowish  ;  bill  and 
feet  brown  :  whole  length  4  inches,  wing  2*1,  tail  1'6. 

Hob.  Guiana  and  Lower  Amazonia. 

Larger  than  E.  nidipendulus,  yellowish  below,  and  with  a  slight 
whitish  ring  round  the  eye. 

0.  Jad.  ak.  Borba,  Brazil  (Natterer),  Sclater  Coll. 

3.  Enscarthmns  orbitatus. 

Euscarthmus  orbitatus,  Max.  Beitr,  iii.  p.  968 ;  Cab.  et  Hein,  Mus, 

Hem.  iL  p.  51 ;  Pelz,  Om,  Bras.  p.  102. 
Todirostrum  orbitatum,  Grai/y  Gen.  Birds j  i.  p.  257. 
Todirostrum  palpebrosum,  l^Mfr.  Rev.  Zool.  lo46,  p.  362 ;  Bp.  Consp. 

i.  p.  183 ;  Sciater,  P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  84. 
Triccus  orbitatus,  Burm,  Syst.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  497. 

Above  olive ;  lores  and  broad  line  round  the  eye  whitish  ;  ear- 
coverts  brown ;  wings  and  tail  blackish  brown,  edged  with  yellowish 
olive :  beneath  yellowish  olive,  clearer  on  the  belly,  more  whitish  on 
the  throat;  under  wing-coverts  yellowish  ;  bill  brown,  under 
mandible  paler ;  feet  pale  brown  :  whole  length  4*7  inches,  wing 
2-2,  toil  2. 

Hah.  S.E.  Brazil. 

The  description  is  taken  from  a  male  specimen  in  the  Vienna 
Museum,  obtoined  by  Natterer  at  Ypanema  in  the  Province  of  Sao 
Paolo,  Brazil,  for  an  opportunity  of  examining  which  I  have  to 
thank  Herr  v.  Pelzeln  and  the  officers  of  that  institution.  If  Herr 
V.  Pelzeln's  determination  of  the  species  (as  E.  orbitatus)  is  correct, 
which  I  believe  to  be  the  case,  it  is  quite  distinct  from  E,  striaticoUis, 
with  which  it  has  been  sometimes  considered  synonymous.  The 
latter  is  at  once  recognizable  by  its  strongly  striated  throat  and 
front  neck. 

The  larger  size,  besides  the  markings  on  the  face,  distinguishes 
E.  orbitatus  from  the  two  preceding  species. 

4.  EnscarthmuB  fomifrons. 

Todirostrum  famifrons,  Hartl.  Joum./,  Om.  1853,  p.  35 ;  Sclater, 

P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  67,  et  1857,  p.  84. 
Euscarthmus  fumifrons,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Sein.  ii.  p.  51  j  Pelt. 


OU  TYKANKIDJ. 

Om.  Brat.  p.  101 ;  &l.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  200;  Scl.  et  Salr.  N 
p.  4€. 
TnccuB  crinitus,  Burm.  Si/it.  VA.  ii.  p.  497, 

Above  olive-green ;  front  and  eye-n^ion  rufous ;  winga  oi 
blackish,  mai^ned  with  olive;  wing-covnrt«  tipped  and 
secondaries  edged  with  yellowish  olive ;  bend  of  the  wing  ;i 
beneath  pale  yellowish,  blighter  in  the  middle ;  throat  ^ 
under  wing-coverts  pale  yellow ;  bill  and  feet  dark  pluml 
whole  length  3-5  iaches,  wing  1-7,  tail  1*2. 

Hah.  Cayenne  and  Guiana  ;  (S.E.  Brazil  ?). 

The  description  is  taken  from  a  specimen  from  Oyapoc,  Ce 
{JtWci\  which  has  been  compared  with  the  type  of  Todu»  er 
licht.,  in  the  Berlin  Museum. 

a.  $ad.  sk.        St.  George,  Oyapoc,  Cayenne         Sclfttor  Coll. 

(JtUkx). 

b.  Ad.  sk.  S.  America.  Salvin-Oodma 

c.  Ad.  ak.  Uuians  (P).  Sclatet  Coll. 


5.  EnscartliiniiB  p«lzeIiiL 
Euscarthmua  margaritacei  venter.  Pels.  Om.  Bras.  p.   101 ; 

Satv.  Nomend.  p.  4S. 
Euscarthtnua  pelzehii,  Sd.  et  Sale.  Ibie,  1881,  p.  2I3S. 

Above  olive-green ;  wings  and  tail  blackish ;  wing-coverts 

and  outer  secondaries  edged  with  whitish,  rest  of  remige 
rectrices  narrowly  edged  with  olive ;  whole  head  above  with 
and  nape  mouse-brown :  beneath  pearly  whit«,  sides  of  breas 
cinereous ;  flanks  and  under  wing-coverts  tinged  with  yelk 
bill  and  feet  red :  total  length  3-5  inches,  wing  18,  tail  1'5. 


25.    EUSCABTHMUS.  81 

green ;  whole  head  above,  including  sides  and  back  of  neck,  dark 
einereons :  beneath  pearly  white,  passing  into  pale  cinereous  on  the 
sides ;  under  wiug-coverts  pale  yellowi«h ;  flunks  tinged  with  oliva- 
ceous ;  bill  hazel,  darker  above ;  feet  red :  whole  length  4*5  inches, 
wing  21,  tail  29. 

Hah.  Paraguay,  Northern  La  Plata,  Bolivia,  S.  Peru,  and  S.E. 
BraziL 

a.  Ad.  sk.         Tacuman,  rep.  Arg.  (Dumford),        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Bahia,  Brazil  ( Wucherer),  Sclater  (loll.     (T^ 

of  E.  wucherert,) 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Maranura,  S.  Peru  ( WhiUhf).  Sclater  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Maranura,  S.  Peru  ( Whitely),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Venezuela  (Dyton)  ?  Purchased. 

7.  EnBcarthmiu  latirostrlB. 

Euscarthmus  latirostris,  Pelz,  Om,  Bras,  p.  101. 

Above  olivaceous ;  cap  pale  cinereous ;  front,  lores,  and  eye- 
region  rufous ;  wings  and  tail  ashy  black,  wing-covcrts  edged  with 
yellowish  brown,  wing  and  tail-feathers  edged  with  olive,  bend  of 
the  wing  yellow :  beneath  ashy  white ;  throat  and  middle  of  the 
belly  pure  white ;  flanks  tinged  with  olive ;  under  wing- coverts 
yellow ;  bill  blackish ;  feet  dark  cinereous  :  whole  length  3*9  inches^ 
wing  1*9,  tail  1'3. 

Ifab.  Upper  Amazonia. 

This  species  is  nearly  allied  to  E,  gularis,  but  readily  distinguish- 
able by  its  rufous  front  and  white  throat. 

fl,  b.  Ad.  sk.        Chamicuros,  E.  Peru  (Hauxwell).     Gould  Coll. 
c.  Ad.  sk.  Rio  Napo.  Jardine  Coll. 

</,  f.  $  ad.  sk.    Nauta,  K.  Amazon.  E.  Bartlett  [C.]. 

(In  bad  condition,  perhaps  different.) 

• 

8.  Euscarthmiu  gnlaris. 

Muscicapa  gularis,  Temtn.  PL  Col.  167.  fig.  1. 

Todirostrum  gulare,  (TOrb.  et  Laft\  Syn.  Av.  i.  p.  46;  tTOrb.  Foy., 

Ois.  p.  316 ;  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  183 ;  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  84. 
Todirostrum  rufilatum,  Hartl.  Journ.  /.  Orn,  1855,  p.  98  j  SdaUr^ 

P.  Z.  &  1857,  p.  84. 
Euscarthmus  gularis,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  51 ;  Scl.  Cat. 

A.  B.  p.  209;  Pelz.   Om.  Bras.  p.   10*2;  Scl.  et  Salv.   Noniencl. 

p.  46  ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  612  (Bolivia)  ;   White,  P.  Z.  S.  1882, 

p.  006  (Corrientes);  Faroes ,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  341  (Pemambuco); 

BerL  et  Jher.  Zeitschr,  Om.  1885,  p.  129  (Rio  Grande  do  Sul) ; 

ScL  et  Huds.  Arg.  Om,  i.  p.  136. 
Todirostrum  plumbeiceps,  Lafr.  Bev.  Zool,  1846,  p.  361. 

Above  olive;  wings  blackish,  wing-coverts  tipped  and  outer 
secondariee  edged  with  yellowish  white,  forming  two  distinct  bands, 
remiges  and  rectrioes  narrowly  margined  with  olive;  head  above 
dark  cinereous ;  lores  and  sides  of  the  head,  surrounding  the  dark 
ear-coverts,  rufous:  beneath  white,  sides   of  the  breast  gpreyish; 

VOL.  XIV.  ® 


82  TTKAinnB*. 

chin  and  sidee  of  throat  rufoua  like  the  lores;  flanks  and  unc 
wing-coverts  tinged  with  yellowish :  whole  length  3'5  incites,  wi 
1-8,  tail  1-4,     Female  similar. 

Bab.  S.E.  Brazil,  Bolina,  and  Northern  La  Plata. 

a,  b.  ^  ad.  ak.         Pelotas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul        Salvin-Oodman  Ct 

(Joyner). 

c.  Jr.  flk.  S.E.  Brazil  (NatUrer).,  Sclater  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  si.  BrMil.  Solater  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  flk.                 Brazil.  Goiitd  Coll. 
f-h.  Ad.  flk.               Brazil.                             •  Jnrdine  Coll. 

i,  _;'.  Ad.  sk.  Simacu,  Bolivia  (Buckley).  Salvin-Oodman  Cc 

9.  EoBcarthmtiB  rn%alaru. 


rub  gill 
1874,  p.  634 ;  id.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  [ 

Next  to  E.  gvlaria,  hut  larger,  bill  broader;  no  bands  on  t 
wing-coverts  (Coftonis). 
H(A.  Peru. 

10.  Enscarthiniis  nusatos.    (Plato  IX.  fig.  1.) 
EoscartbmuB  rusaatus,  Sain,  et  Godm.  IbU,  1884,  p.  445 ;  Salvin,  It 
1886,  p.  292. 

Above  olive-green  ;  crown  and  nape  dark  cinereous ;  front,  Ion 
and  sides  of  head  deep  rufous ;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  win 
coverts  tipped  with  rufous,  forming  two  distinct  bauds,  remig 
sod  reotrices  narrowly  margined  with  olive:  beneath,  whole  thro 
and  breast  deep  rufous ;  abdomen  pale  cinereous  white ;  thigt 
crissum,  and  under  wing-coverts  tinged  with  rufous :  whole  leng 
4  inchpB,  wing  1-8,  tuil  1'4.      Frmali'  s 


25.   BUSCARTHKrS.  83 

yellow ;  flanks  and  crissum  yellowish  olive ;  bill  dark  horn-coloiiT  ; 
feet  pale   brown:   whole   length   4  inches,   wing   1-9,   tail   1*6. 
Female  similar. 
Bab.  Colombia. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  SalTin-Godman  Coll. 
c-e.  Ad.  sk.                 Bogota.  Purchased. 

fig.  d  $  ad.  sk.         Santa  £lena,  Antioquia  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

(Salmon), 

h.  Ad.  sk.  Antioquia  (Salmon).  Sclater  Coll. 

t.  Ad.  sk.  Medellin,  Autioquia.  T.  K.  Salmon  [C.]. 

12.  Eascarthmns  pyrrhops. 

Euacarthmus  pyrrhops,  Cab.  J.  f.  O.  1874,  p.  98 ;   Tacz.  P.  Z.  S. 

1874,  p.  636,  et  1882,  p.  18 ;  id.  Om.  PSr.  ii.  p.  232 ;  Tacz.  et  Berl. 

P.Z^S.  1886,  p.  117. 
Euscarthmus  ocularis,  Salvin,  Ibisy  1876,  p.  493  (Ecuador). 

Above  olive-green ;  wings  and  tail  blackish  edged  with  olive ; 
large  loral  spot  and  eye-region  pale  rufous:  beneath  pale  greyish 
white,  clear  white  on  the  middle  of  the  breast  and  the  belly ;  under 
wing-coverts  yellowish ;  flanks  and  crissum  tinged  wilh  olivaceous ; 
beak  hom-colour,  paler  below ;  feet  pale  brown :  whole  length  3*5 
inches,  wing  1-8,  t^ail  1*6. 

Hah.  Western  Peru  and  Ecuador. 

Similar  to  E.  granadensis^  but  with  the  sides  of  the  head  rufous. 

a.  <f  ad.  sk.     Tamiapampa,  Peru  (Stolzmaji).  Sclater  Coll. 

(Authentic  specimen  of  E.  pyrrhops.) 

b.  Ad.  sk.         San  Lucas,  Ecuador  ( ViUagomez).      Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
c  Ad.  sk.         Puna  I.,  Ecuador  (ViUagomez).  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

(Types  of  E.  ocularis.) 

13.  EuscarthniTis  striaticollis. 

Todipostrum  striaticoile,  Lafr.  Rev.  Zool.  1863,  p.  58. 
Euscarthmus  striaticollis,  Pelz.   Om.  Bras.  p.   101;   Scl.  et   Salv. 

Nomend.  p.  46. 
Euscarthmus  orbitatus,  Scl.  Cat,  Am.  B.  p.  209  (err.). 

Above  yellowish  olive,  rather  brownish  on  the  head;  lores 
whitish ;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  edged  with  yoUowish  olive : 
beneath  yellow ;  throat  white,  striated  with  black ;  under  wing-  coverts 
pale  yellow ;  flanks  olivaceous ;  bill  plumbeous ;  feet  pale  brown : 
whole  length  4-2  inches,  wing  2*1,  tail  1*8.     FemaU  similar. 

Bab.  8.E.  Brazil. 

A  rather  large  species,  with  somewhat  strong  bill,  and  at  once 
known  by  its  striated  throat  and  yellow  belly. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Bahia,  Brazil  ( fVucherer),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Villa  Maria,  Mato  Grosso  Sclater  ColL 

(Natterer). 

Q  2 


c,  d.  Ad.  sk. 

Brazil. 

SclaUr  Coll. 

t.  A.<j.  sk. 

Brazil 

Salvin-OodiMn  C. 

/.  Ad.  Bk. 

Bogota  (P). 

PiirchMed. 

g.  Ad.  Bt, 

Babia. 

SudbuiT  Museum. 

14.  Emoarthmoa  impiger.    (Plate  IX.  fig.  2.) 

Euscarthmns  impiger,  Set.  et  Sale.  P.  Z.  S.  1S68,  p.  171,  t  xiii.  fig. 
"   "3,p.  263tVeiiezueU);  Berl.  J.  f.  0.  1884,  p.  299  (Bu 


of  EMTOrtimM*  impiger.    (P.  Z.  S.  1868,  p.  171.) 

Above  mouse-brown,  with  an  olivaceous  tinge  on  the  bacl 
wings  and  tail  blackish,  the  winfif-ooTerts  tipped  and  outer  seoo 
daries  edged  externally  with  yellowish  white,  the  other  remig 
and  the  rectricBS  narrowly  niarginod  with  olive:  beaeath  whii 
tlanimulatod  on  the  throat  and  breast  with  pale  cinereous: 


26.    CERITOTRIOCUS. 27.    P8EUDOTRI0CU9.  85 


26.  CEEATOTMCCUS.  rj^ 

Ceiatotriccus,  Cab.  J,f,  O,  1874,  p.  87 C.  furcatus. 

This  well-marked  form  has  been  separated  from  its  allies  by 
Dr.  Cabanis  on  account  of  its  pecnliar  tail,  which  is  slightly  forked, 
and  has  the  outer  rectrices  rather  widened  at  the  tips. 

1.  CeratotriccuB  forcatoB. 

Todirostmm  furcatum,  Lafr,  Rev,  ZooL  1846,  p.  362. 
Ceratotriccus  furcatus,  Cab.  J.f.  O.  1874,  p.  8/. 
Euscarthmus  apicalis,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1887,  p.  47,  pi.  ix,  fig.  1. 

Above  olive-green ;  head  dull  rufous ;  lores  paler ;  wings  blackish, 
slightly  edged  with  rufous;  tail  dark  grey,  broadly  tipped  with 
dear  white,  which  is  bordered  by  a  black  subapical  band  :  beneath 
cinereous  ;  throat  rufous,  like  the  head  ;  a  large  cervical  spot  white ; 
under  wing-coverts  white ;  band  of  the  wing  yellowish  ;  bill  and 
feet  pale  brown :  whole  length  3*8  inches,  wing  1*7,  tail  1*6. 

Hab.  Brazil. 

The  white  tail-band  and  white  cervical  spot  at  once  distinguish 
this  species,  of  which  I  have  examined  a  single  specimen,  in  the 
Paris  Museum. 

27.  PSEUDOTMCCUS.  ,„ 

Type. 
Faeudotriccus,  Tacz.  et  Berl.  P.  Z.  S.  1885,  p.  88 P.  pelzelni. 

This  singular  form  of  Western  Ecuador  much  resembles  in 
general  aspect  the  female  of  Myiohius  fiavicans^  and  one  of  the 
specimens  was  long  in  my  collection  doubtfully  referred  to  that 
species.  It  is,  however,  not  nearly  allied  to  Myiobius^  and  in  its  long, 
smooth,  and  slender  tarsi  seems  to  come  closer  to  Todi rostrum  and 
Euscarthmus,  near  which,  for  the  present,  I  place  it.  At  the  same 
time,  the  two  outer  toes  are  rather  more  connected  than  is  usual  in 
the  Tyrannidce,  and  it  is  quite  possible  that  Pseudotriccus  may 
turn  out  to  be  a  Piprine  form,  as  maintained  by  its  discoverer, 
M.  Stolzmann. 

1.  Pseudotriccus  pelzelni 

Pseudotriccus  pelzelni,  Tacz.  et  Berl.  P.  Z.  S.  1885,  p.  88. 

Above  uniform  dark  olive ;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  the  wing- 
coverts  like  the  back,  the  remiges  and  rectrices  slightly  edged  with 
brownish  olive :  beneath  yellowish  olive,  paler  in  the  middle ;  bill 
dark  horn-colour,  feet  pale  brown :  whole  length  4*2  inches,  wing 
2-4,  taU  1-9. 

Hab.  Western  Ecuador. 

a.  (^ad.8k.  Machay,  Ecuador  (<S^o&iiian»).  Sclater  Coll. 

(Authentic  specimen.) 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Ecuador.  Sclater  Coll. 

(Perhaps  different.) 


TTKAHHXD.E, 


2^.  CSHOTBICCVS*. 

Under  this  t«rm,  I  propose  to' isolate  the  peculiar  Totlirottn 
rvfictpi  of  LafresDaje,  which  luts  been  referred  to  wveral  widi 
different  genera,  without  receiring  an  appropriate  abiding-pla 
Ita  long  smooth  tarai  show  an  affinity  to  the  Todiroatrine  groi 
where  I  will  place  it  for  the  present.  Canotriecvs  is  moetly  fon 
in  Bogota  coUcctiona,  but  was  obtained  by  Buckley  in  East* 
Eooador. 

1.  Cnnotricctu  rnfluiM. 
Muscicapa  (Todiroatrum)  ruficeps,  Lafr.  Ree.  Zool.  1813,  p.  291. 
Fluvicola  mficeps,  La/r.  Bee.  Zooi.  1844,  p.  80. 
CoDopophnga  nuieeps,  La/r,  Mag.  dt  Zooi.  Jgl4,  pi.  SI ;  Bp.  Cot 

i.  p.  208. 
Tyrannula  ruficepe,  Sdaier,  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  149. 
Seruhophspi  ruficeps,  AW.  Cat.  A.  li.  p.  212 ;  Sel.  rf  StUii.  Nome 

p.  47  ;   Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  535 ;  ul.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  237. 

Olive-green;  whole  head  bright  chestnut ;  wingsandtail  blaobi 
edged  with  rather  darker  chestnut :  beneath  paler,  middle  of  hi 
yellowish;  Upper  mandible  horn-colour,  lower  yellowish;  feet  [ 
brown ;  whole  length  4  inches,  wing  2'3,  tail  I'S. 

ffi^,  Colombia  and  Eastern  Ecuador. 

SclaterCoU. 
PurcbMed. 
Salvin-Qodman  C 
Jardine  Coll. 


«,  b.  Ad.  sk. 

BofTota. 

C.   Ad.  8k. 

Bogota. 

ri.    Ad.  Hk. 

Bogota. 

.,/  Ad.etjr. 

Bogota. 

29.   LOPHOTRICCUS.  87 

1.  Lophotriccus  spicifer. 

Todirostram  spiciferum,  Z/i/r.  Bev,  Zool.  184(5,  p.  863 ;  Sel  P.  Z.  8. 

1866,  p.  67,  pi.  Ixxxiv.  fig.  2. 
EuscarthmoB  spicifer,  ScL  et  Salv.  P.  Z,  S.  1866,  p.  187, 1867,  p.  761, 

et  1873,  p.  278  (R  Peru) ;  iid,  NomencL  p.  45. 
Coloptenifl  galeatus,  Tacz,  P.  Z.  S,  1882.  p.  18  (N.E.  Peru). 
Lophotriccus  spicifer,  Berl  et  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  663 ;  Tacz. 

Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  229. 

Above  oliye-groeD ;  head-crest  of  elongated  blackish  feathers 
narrowly  edged  with  greyish  white ;  wings  and  tail  blackish, 
margined  with  olive ;  the  wing-coverts  and  outer  secondaries  more 
broadly  tipped  and  edged  with  yellowish  green :  beneath  greyish 
white,  with  alight  obsolete  darker  striations  and  strong  yellowish 
tinge  on  the  belly  ;  under  wing-coverts  pale  yellowish ;  bill  cor- 
neous ;  feet  brown :  whole  length  2*7  inches,  wing  2,  tail  1*6. 
Female  similar. 

Bab.  Upper  Amazonia. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Chyavetas,  E.  Peru  {BarMt).  Sclater  Coll. 

b.  2  ad.  sk.  I^wer  Ucayali  (Bartiett).  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  (^  ad.  sk.  Ucayali  (Bfattxtrell),  Gould  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Yquitos,  E.  Peru  (  Whitely).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e.  S  ad.  sk.  Chamicuros,  E.  Peru  (Bartiett).  Purchased. 
/.  Ad.  sk.  Upper  Amazons.  Purchased. 

g,  h.  Ad.  sk.        Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley).         Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

2.  Lopbotriccos  sqnamicristatnB. 

Todirostrum  j?quamicristatum,  Lafr.  Bev.  Zool.  1846,  p.  363 ;  Sclater, 

P.  Z.  S.  18i>5,  p.  148,   18^57,  p.  84,  18^58,  p.  70,  18o9,  p.  144,  et 

1860,  pp.  2a'J,  295  ;  Bp.  Cansp.  i.  p.  183. 
Euscarthmus  squamicristatus,  Frantz.  J.  f.  O.  1809,  p.  307  (Costa 

Rica) ;  Scl.  et  Salr.  NomencL  ji.  145. 
Lophotriccus  squamicristatus,  ^erl.  et  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  663, 

1884,  p.  296,  et  1886,  p.  89  (Ecuador)  ;  Tacz.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  230. 
Orchilus  pileatus,  Cab.  in  Tsch.  P.  P.,  Aves^  p.  164 ;   Tacz.  P.  Z.  S. 

1874,  p.  635,  1877,  p.  332,  et  1882,  p.  18  (Peru). 
Euscarthmus  pileatas,  Tsch.  F.  P.,  Aves,  p.  164,  t.  ix.  fig.  1  (?). 

Above  olive-green  ;  elongated  crest-feathers  black,  broadly  tipped 
with  rufous  ;  wings  and  taU  blackish  edged  with  olive,  the  edgings 
of  the  wing-coverts  and  outer  secondaries  broader  and  more  yellowish: 
beneath  greyish  white,  clearer  in  the  middle  ;  striated  with  darker 
colour  on  the  throat  and  breast;  abdomen  tinged  with  yellowish 
green ;  under  wing-coverts  pale  yellow ;  bill  dark  horn-colour ;  feet 
pale  brown :  whole  length  3*8  inches,  wing  2*3,  tail  1*8.  Female 
similar. 

Hab.  Costa  Eica,  Panama,  Colombia,  Venezuela,  Upper  Ajnazonia, 
Ecuador  and  Peru. 

a.  ^  ad.  sk.  Dota,  Costa  Rica  (Zeledon).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Turrialba,  Costa  Rica  (Arc4).         Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Tucurriqui,  Costa  Rica  (Arc4).      Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


d.  Ad.sk. 
t.  d  "A.  Bk. 
f,g.  e  ftd.;  h. 

9  Bd.  gk. 
i.  Ad.  sk. 
j.  Ad.  Bk. 

i.  Ad.  ak. 
/.  Ad.  ik. 
ttt.  Ad.ek. 
>!.  Ad.  Bk. 
o.  Ad.  sk. 

q.  Ad,'  ak.' 

r.  Ad.  Ik. 
(.  d  B<^'  Bk. 
<.  d  ad.  sk. 

w,  V.  ij  ad.  sk. 


CoaM  Kcii  (^r<^).  Sclaler  Cull. 

ChitrA,  Veraitus  (Arci).  O.  Calvin,  Esq. 

CaloTCTora,  VeTBguA  {Arcf).  SslTiD-Oodmiu 

Chiriqui  (Atvi).  SsU-in-Oodmai 

Ciunbre  da  Valencia,  Venezuela  SalTin-OodiBM 

(Ooering). 


Saraf  acu,  Ecuador  {BticiJey). 
Imtac,  Ecuador  (Buekinj). 
Jitna,  Ecuador  {BttckUy). 
BalzarMte.,  Ecuador  (lUinff- 

iBorth). 
Nanegal,  Ecuador  {Fra»er). 
Babnhojo,  Ecuador  {Fraier). 
Babfthoyo,  Ecuador  (Frater). 
Pallatanga,  Ecuador  (Fraaer). 
Bogota. 


Sclflter  Coll. 

Salvia -Oodmai 

Gould  Cull 

Saivin-Qodmiu 

SaWin-Godmai 

Salrin-Godnuu 

Salvin'OodiiU] 

Selater  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Jardine  Coll. 
Jardinu  ColL 
Purchased. 


Orchiloa,  Cah. 


30.  oRCHaua 

n  Tieh.  F.  P.,  Atti,  p.  164  (1845) 


This  genas  vaa  based  upon  TodiTo$trumaKric«.lare  of  S.E.  ] 
distinguished  from  the  parent  form  by  its  shorter  nod  very  b1 
tarsi,  feebler  and  shorter  bill,  and  smaller  tail.  With  this  for 
been  associated  the  remarkable  T.  eeaut/atutn  with  the  tail  ' 
sively  diminished,  which  ought  in  strictness,  perhaps,  to  be 
separated,  but  is,  no  doubt,  closely  allied. 

The  range  of  this  genus  extends  from  Costa  Bica  to  Solivi. 
Paraguay. 


30.   0RCHILU8.  89 

TriocuB  aariculaiiB,  Burm,  Syd,  Ueh.  ii.  p.  41)0. 

Oichilus  auiicolarisy  Cab.  et  Hein,  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  51 ;  Sd.  Cat,  A, 

J?,  p.  209 ;  PabL  Dm.  Bras,  p.  102  j  Sd.  et  iSalu,  NomencL  p.  45 ; 

HawUkom,  JhU,  1871,  p.  304  (S.  Paulo) ;  Cah,  J.f.  O.  1874,  p.  88 

(Rio);  Berl.  et  Jher,  Zeitachr,  Dm.   1885,  p.  1^  (Rio  Qrande 

do  Sul). 

Above  bright  olive-green ;  wings  and  tail  blackish  with  olive- 
green  edgings,  which  are  more  yellowish  on  the  wing-coverts  and 
cater  secondaries  ;  ring  round  the  eye  and  adjacent  portion  of  ear- 
ooverts  pale  mfous,  bordered  behind  by  a  large  bleick  patch :  bcDeath 
yellowish,  clearer  in  the  middle  of  the  belly ;  throat  greyish  white, 
obsoletely  striated  with  blackish ;  under  wing-coverts  pale  yellow  ; 
biU  hom-oolour,  whiter  below  at  the  base ;  feet  reddish :  whole 
length  2-5  inches,  wing  1*6,  tail  I'l. 

Hob.  SJB.  BrazH. 

0.  Ad.  sk.  Parand,  Brazil  {Rogers).  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

6,  c.  Ad.  sk.  Pelotas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (Joyner).    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

d  Ad.  ek.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Jardiue  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil  Gould  Coll. 

g.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Purchased. 

k.  Ad.*  St  Brazil  (^ould  Coll. 

u  Ad.  St.  Brazil.  Zool.  Soc.  Coll. 


2.  Orchilos  ecaudatus. 

Todirostrum  ecaudatum,  d'Orh.  et  Lafr.  Syn.  Av.\.  p.  47 ;  tTOrb.  Foy., 

Ois.  p.  316,  t.  xxxiii.  tigs.  1, 2. 
Orchilus  ecaudatus,  Pelz.  On*.   Bras.  p.  102;  Scl.  et  Snlv.  P.  Z.  S. 

1868,  p.  a*31,  1878,  p.  138,  et  1879,  p.  613 ;  iid.  NomencL  p.  45 ; 

Tacz.  Orw.  P^r.  ii.  p.  234. 

Above  yellowish  olive ;  crown  cinereous ;  wings  and  tail  blackish 
narrowly  edged  with  olive,  the  margins  of  the  coverts  and  outer 
secondaries  broader  and  more  yellowish :  beneath  white,  abdomen 
tinged  with  yellowish ;  under  wing-coverts  pale  yellow :  whole 
length  2*8  inches,  wing  1*2,  tail  0*5. 

Hab,  Bolivia,  Peru,  and  Venezuela. 

a.  Ad.  sk.       Bolivia.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

b.  Ad,  sk.       San  Esteban,  Venezuela  {Goering).       Sclater  Coll. 


3.  Orcliilus  atricapillns. 

Todirostrum  ecaudatus,  Lawr.  Ann.  L,  N.  Y.  ix.  p.  110. 
Orchilus  atricapillus,  Lawr.  Ibis,  1875,  p.  385. 

Like  0.  ecaudatus,  but  crown  black,  a  white  line  through  the 
lores,  and  abdomen  clear  yellow  (Lawrence). 
Hab.  Costa  Rica. 


msxviBM. 


31.  OOLOFTESUa. 
a  Ber.  Verlt.  Ak.  BeHat,  164^  p.  21< 


Wingii^  Coloplena  fOaiit,  i  t*  $. 

The  esceedinjdy  cnrions  wing-atractare  at  once 
recognize  the  form  appropriately  designated  Colo/ttti 
of  wbich  two  species  are  known,  ranging  from  VeragD 
Both  of  them  bare  a  modified  Todirostrine  bill,  and 
the  diviNOD  ol  the  tcuteti  in  front  well-marked.  In 
non-creetod  C.  pilarit  the  four  onter  primaries  arc 
barely  more  than  two  thirds  of  their  normal  length, 
size  accordingly.  In  the  crested  C.  giiUatut  tbia  cha 
strungly  prononoced  snd  seems  to  embrace  only  t 
primaries. 

Key  to  the  Spfelt». 

A.  Non-ereMed ;    (i)ur  oater  {aimariea  ah- 

normally  reduced    1.  pHat 

B.  Created ;  three  outer  primaries  abnormally 
reduced 1.  gnic 

I.  Coloptenu  pilaris. 
Cab.  Wtfj/m.  Arch.  1&47, 


32.    HEMTTRIOCUS.  91 

2.  Coloptenii  galeatns. 

hnpi  ie  CsTenoe,  DmA.  Pi.  Eml.  S9L  fig.  1. 

MotadDA  galeata,  Sodd.  Table  d.  Pi,  Enl.  p^24. 

ColoptenM  galeatufl,  Cab.  et  Hem.  Mus.  Mein.  ii.  p.  52 ;  Sol.  Cat, 
A,B.^  210 ;  P^.  Om.  Brae.  ip.  102  ;  ScL  ei  Safv.  P.  Z.  S.  1867, 
pL  577  (Lower  Amazons) ;  iid.  Nomencl.  p.  46 ;  Layard,  Ibie, 
1873,  p.  382  (Para);  Tacz.  P.Z.S.  1882,  p.  18  (NJB.  Peru); 
8mUf.  Ibie,  1885,  p,  293  (Br.  Guian.). 

MotarilU  cristata,  Gm.  S.  y.  i.  p.  972. 

Goloptems  cristatos,  Cab.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1847,  pt.  i.  p.  253 ;  Cab.  et 
Mein,  Mue.  Hem.  ii.  p.  52. 

Above  olive ;  elougated  crest-feathers  blackiflh  in  the  centre  ; 
Yings  and  tail  blackish  edged  with  olive :  beneath  whitish,  with 
«bolete  ashy  striations  on  the  throat  and  breast ;  belly  and  flanks 
tinged  with  yellowish  olive :  under  wing-coverts  pale  yellow ;  bill 
hare-adoor ;  feet  pale  brown:  whole  length  3*3  inches,  wing  1*7, 
tul  1*5.     Female  similar. 

Hab»  Venezuela,  Guiana,  and  Lower  Amazonia. 

c  Ad.  sk.                Venezuela.  Sclater  Coll. 
I^€L  <f  ad. ;  <l.  $     Bartica   Grove,    Brit.  Guiana 

id.  sk.                     ( Whitely).  Salvm-Godman  Coll. 
c  (^  ad.  sk             Camacusa,      Brit.      Guiana 

(  WhUefy).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/-y.  Ad.  sk.            Cayenne.  Sclater  Coll. 

k  Ad.  sk.                Cayenne  (Jelskf).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

I.  Ad.  fik.                 Para  {Layard).  Tweeddale  Coll. 

/  Ad.  sk.                 Lower  Amazons  (  Wallace).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
i.  (^  ad.  sk            Capim    r.,    Lower    Amazons 

( Wallace).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  ad.                 Cayenne.  Purchased. 


32.  HEMITRICCUS.  ^ 

Type. 
Hemitriccus,  Cab.  et  Hem.  Mue.  Hein.  ii.  p.  62  (1859) H.  diups. 

The  Brazilian  form  isolated  by  Messrs.  Cabanis  and  Heine  under 
the  name  Hemitriccus  is  not  very  far  from  Euscarthmtis,  but  may  be 
suffered  to  remain  alone  in  view  of  its  narrow  beak  and  longer  tail. 
The  tarsi  are  long  and  slender,  with  the  scutal  divisions  apparent. 


1.  Hemitriccus  diops. 

MuBcicapa  diops,  Temm.  PI.  Col.  144.  f.  1. 

Todirostrum  diops,  Lafr.  Rev.  Zool.  1846,  p.  365 ;  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  182. 
Euscarthmus  vius,  Burm.  Syst.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  490. 
Hemitriccus  diopa,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  62 ;  Sd.  Cat.  A. 
B.  p.  210 ;  Pdz.  Om.  Brae.  p.  103  ;  Sd.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  46. 

Above  uniform  dull  olive-green  ;  wings  and  tail  blackish  with 
similar   edgings ;    ring   round   the   eye   whitish ;    lores  blackish ; 


0:!  TTun.iiD.E. 

bi'itrnlh  dirlj  fcn-y;  midillK  uf  bn-uat  unci  tN'lljr  wlijliiili : 
win|t->i)vi-rla  artd  bi-iid  ui  wiii)(  ^t'lluwUh:  u]i[H'r  ronndiMi' 
(■•■limr,  liiHtT  pule  bruwn:  fift  Im/il:  wliotu  tcti)Clli  4'7 
wititf  -"2,  toil  U-'2. 


:».  PHTLLOSCABTES. 

PhylloMMlw,  CM.  << /frtn.  Mut.  ItfinM  ^TriyKAH  _,   P.  tmlMlk. 

Only  one  viample  of  thix  Hcarer  tiltk-  ItrutHtin  liinl  i*  U'fora  ow, 
f»r  the  uv|uiitiI)on  mod  recnfcnJtinn  of  which  1  am  much  iiid«fale4 
lu  Urnf  V,  HerlrjiM'h.  Thv  bill  in  ninrb  more  conHtrii't<-d  than  in  tW 
(irvfi-dinicfccnLTii,  thi- ttiil  hiiiKer,  und  thp  tiirHulccutidliilionaatruiigljr 
d(-vcI(>|Mil.  Wcrp  it  nut  for  Ihu  Horapwhnt  well-nhowH  rictkl  mcI. 
unv  mif;ht  be  inclined  to  rrfi-r  this  furm  to  thi-  Klninciniv. 


1.  PhTUoaeutM  ventntlia. 
MiiM-icjtp*  v«nlralia,  Trmm.  PI,  t'-J.  'JTH.  ti|r.  L'. 
TvrannuIUA  veutnlia.  Trmm.  TaU.  .Wlh.  [i.  27. 
J'.'lunik  ventnliit.  Gray,  dm.  B.  i.  p.  'iHtf.  l*i. 
l^rpiopofiun  Tcntraliis  Uii.  (\mfp.\.  p.  lM«t. 
KiM-arthmua  Tenlnliit,  ilurm.  tftff.  I'rh.  ii.  p.  41)1. 
riivlloNcani-n  vvnlniliii.  Cab.  el  Urm.  .Vw.  Hrin.  ii.  p.  AS ;  7Vb.  On*. 

hrat.y.\'Xi\iH.Miinlr.r.X.S.  ICKi?,  p.nTT  ( >■</.  .V'.imwJ.  p. -HI : 

Hrrt.rlJJlfr.lSrilmltr.On,.  l^ttT),  p.  lltl  (ItiotinUHle  diiKulli  A^. 

rl  Jludn.  Arg.  Ont.  i.  p.  1:17  ;  /iamiri,  IJull.  Snlt.  Um.  ft.  lui. 

p.  IM  (Enltvri.  If. 

.^boTc  unifonn  olive ;  ill-doftiiM  Bupcrciliuri*^  whi(i*h :  psr- 
ovcrta  dark;  mags  and  mil  blmkinh  with  olivo  nianpnx:  *Al- 
Iefine<l  Hpota  on  th<^  li|n  of  thu  two    rowa  of  win|:-cu?etta    and 


34.    HAPAL0CBRCTJ8.  93 

34.  HAPALOCEBCUS.* 

Sapalocercus,  Cab,  Wiegm.  Arch.  1847,  pt  i.  p.  264. .  H.  meloryphus. 

Leplunis,  Sw.  Class.  B.  ii.  p.  259  (1837) H.  meloryphus. 

l^ytocercus,   Cab.  in  Tsch.  Faun.  Per,,  Aves,  p.  164 

(1846)  PI.  meloryphus. 

Myiosympotes,  Beich.  Av.  Syst.  Nat.  t.  Ixv.  (1860)    . .  H.  flaviventris 

{teste  Gray). 

This  little  section  contains  four  species,  characterized  by  their 
♦bin  elongated  tail  and  compressed  bill,  with  slight  rictal  bristles. 
*«6  tarsi  are  long  and  thin,  and  the  wings  short.  They  are  spread 
tmnly  over  South  America  from  Oolombia  to  La  Plata. 

Key  to  the  Species. 

A.  Lower  surface  white  or  whitish. 

j  Larger ;  sides  of  head  ashv  brown 1.  meloryphus,  p.  93. 

I  Smaller ;  sides  of  head  fulvous    2.  fidviceps,  p.  94. 

B.  Lower  surface  yellow. 
Upper  surface  brown  ;  wings  normal  ....    3.  flaviventris,  p.  94. 
Upper  surface  olive-green  ;  outer  primaries 

pointed    ...    4.  acutipennis,  p.  95. 


1.  Hapalocercns  meloryphns. 

^uscarthmus  meloryphus,  Ma.t\  Beitr.  iii.  p.  947;   Bp.  Consp.  i. 

p.  184 ;  Burm.  Syst.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  493. 
Xiepturus  ruficeps,  Sw.  Nat.  Libr.,  Fly  catch,  p.  181,  pi.  20. 
L.eptocercus  ruficeps,  Cab.  in  Tsch.  Faim.  Per.,  Aves,  p.  164. 
flapalocercus  ruficeps,  Cab.  Wiegm,  Arch.  1847,  i.  p.  254 ;  Bp.  Consp, 

i.  p.  185. 
^apalocercus  meloryphus,  Cab.  et  Hein,  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  52 ;  Scl. 

Cat.  A.  B.  p.  210;  Pek,  Om.Bras.  p.  103;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl. 

p.  46;   Wyatt,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  332  (Colombia)  ;  Berlepsch,J.  f.  O. 

1884,  p.  318. 

►ove  mouse-brown :  wings  and  tail  rather  darker ;  head  sub- 
^^ted,  the  feathers  of  the  crown  clear  rufous,  tipped  with  brown : 
*^^eath  dirty  white,  a  slight  yellowish  tinge  on  the  flanks  and 
"^^er  wing- coverts ;  bill  and  feet  brown  :  whole  length  4*3  inches, 
*X^g  1-9,  tail  1-8. 
Hab.  8.E.  Brazil. 

p*  (5  ad.  sk.  Ypanema,  Brazil  (iVa^^^rc?').  SclaterColl. 

^*  Ad.  sk.  Bahia,  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

o.  Ad.  fik.  Bahia,  Brazil.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

ej,  e.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Sclater  ColL 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Gould  Coll. 


*  The  followiijg  Bpeniee  referred  to  this  genus  are  unknown  to  me : — 

1.  H.  hetviventris.  Cab.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1847,  pt.  i.  p.  254  ;  Cab.  et  Heine, 
Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p  53,  from  the  Antilles (?). 

2.  H.  ru/omarginafus,  Pelz.  Orn.  Bras.  p.  i03,  from  Brazil. 


2.  Hapalocercns  Mvicepa. 

EuBCftrthmuB   fulriceps,  Sd.  P.   Z.  S.   1871,  p.  497;  Taa.  P.  Z. 

1877,  p.  326,  et  1880,  p.  202  (Peru). 
Hamlocercus  fulviceps,  Taai.  et  Berl  P.  Z.  S.  1885,  p.  llSj  Ta 

Om.  Ptr.  ii.  p.  206! 


Structure  of  ffapaiocerctu  ftdvicfpi. 

Above   moQBe-brown ;   vings  and   tail  rather  darker ;    tips 
GovertB  and  outer  margins  of  outer  Becondaries  pale  brown  ;  sides 
t  of  feathers  of  subcre8t«d  crown   fulvous-brow 


^.   HAPAL0CERCU8.  95 

Ilftpalocercas  flHviirentris,  Cab.  Wiegm.  -<4rcA.  1847,  i.  p.  264;  Bp, 
Cansp,  i.  p.  186 ;  Cab,  et  Hem,  Mtis.  Hein,  ii.  p.  52 ;  Scl.  Cat,  A,  B. 
p.  210;  hlz,  Om.  Bras.  p.  ia3;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  46; 


Btirm.  La-Plata  Beise,  ii.  jp.  466;   White,  P.  Z.  8.  1882,  p.  206; 

.CI.  viii.  p.  199 
IbiH,  1876,  p.  169,  1877,  pp.  34,  177,  et  1878,  pp.  60,  396  (Arg. 


Barrows^  BuU.  Nutt.  Om.  CI.  viii.  p.  199  (Entrerios) ;  Durnford, 


Rep.) ;  Sd.  et  Hudson,  Arg,  Om,  i.  p.  137. 
Arundinicola  citreola,  Landb.  Wiegm.  Arch,  1864,  pi.  i.  p.  68  ?  {cf. 

Sd,  et  Salv,  P.  Z,  S,  1869,  p.  160). 
Euscarthmus  (Hapalocercus)  flaTiventris,  Burm.  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  2. 

Above  mouse-brown  ;  wings  and  tail  rather  darker,  with  edgings 
like  the  back ;  vertex  more  or  less  tinged  with  rufous :  beneath 
yellow ;  under  wing-coverts  pale  yellow  ;  bill  and  feet  black : 
whole  length  4*8  inches,  wing  2,  tail  2.     Female  similar. 

Hah,  S.  Brazil,  Paraguay,  Uruguay,  La  Plata,  and  Chili. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Buenos  Ayres  (Haslehurst).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Buenos  Ayres  (Hudson).  Sclater  Coll. 
e.  Ad.  sk.  Buenos  Ayres.  Sclater  Coll. 
d  (^  ad.  sk.  Rio  Negro  of  Patagonia  (Hud-  Purchased. 

son), 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Chupat,  Patagonia.  H.  Dumford  [C.]. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Pampas  of  A^.  Republic  (Ley-    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

bold). 

jf,  h.  Ad.  sk.  Chili.  Zool.  Soc.  Coll. 

I.  Ad.  sk.  Chili  {LeyboWj.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Santiago,  Chili  {Landberk).  Sclater  Coll. 

k.  2  ad.  sk.  Santiago,  Chili  (Landbeck).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Chili.  Purchased. 

m.  Ad.  sk.  Bolivia.  T.  Bridges  [C.]. 


4.  Hapalocercns  acutipennis. 

Hapalocercus  acutipennis,  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  187  (Bogota) ; 
1879,  p.  512  (Antioquia) ;  iid,  Noinend.  p.  46  ;  Tacz.  Orn.  PSr.  ii. 
p.  236. 

Above  dark  olive-green ;  wings  and  tail  brown  with  slight  pale 
edgings :  beneath  yellow  ;  outer  primaries  acuminated  ;  bill  blackish  ; 
feet  brown  :  whole  length  4*5  inches,  wing  1-8,  tail  1*8. 

Hab,  Colombia  and  Peru. 

The  acumination  of  the  wings  which  renders  this  species  so 
peculiar  is  carried  to  its  greatest;  extent  in  the  sixth,  seventh,  and 
eight  primary. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll.     flype 

of  the  species.) 

b.  Jr.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  <5  ad.  sk.  Antioquia,  U.  S.  C.  (Salmon),        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

d.  S  ad.  sk.  Cosnipata,  S.  Peru  (  Whitely).        Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

e.  Jr.  sk.  S.  America.  Sclater  Coll. 
/.  Ad.  sk.              S.  America.  Jaxtiine  Coll. 


35.  HABBUBA. 

Tjpe, 
Hnbrura,  Cab.  H  Hein.  Mui.  Hem.  ti.  p.  63  (1859)    H.  pectom 

PolyHtictus,  Eeichenb.  Av.  Si/it.  Nat.  Ub.  Uvii.  (1850). '.   H.  pector& 

This  peculiar  form  lias  been  placed  by  some  aathore  among  t 
Tityrina:,  but,  as  Cabsais  and  Heine  have  remarked,  nndoubted 
belongs  bere,  and  is  nearly  allied  to  Culitivora  and  Serphopha^ 
In  its  abnormal  plumage  it  closely  resembles  the  former,  but  is 
once  recognizable  by  its  stjnare  biil  and  broader  rectrioes.  T 
tarsal  scutes  are  well  marked. 

Habrura  extends  from  Paraguay  to  Guiana. 


;   id.  Ene.  Ml 


1.  Habrora  pectoraliB. 

Tacburi  pecho  amaiillo,  Aaara,  ^^"fi-  ii.  p-  ^ 
Svlvia  pecb>niliB,   Vieill.  Noitc.  l>ict.   li.  p. 

'  p.  m. 

Euscarthmi^  pectoralla,  Saril.  Ind.  Ax.  p.  11. 
i^erpophaga  peckiralis,  Cab.  et  Rein.  Mitt.  Hein.  ii.  p.  53. 
Habrura  pectoralifl,  Gibson,  Ibit,   1685,  p.  270  (Uruguay) ;  Sei. 

Hudi.  Arg.  Om.  i.  p.  1.17. 
HnpaloceruH  pecteralis,  Peli.  Om.  Brat.  p.  103 ;  Sah.  Ibii,  18t 

p.  !ffl;j  (Brit.  Guiana). 
l^UKarthmuH  auperciUniiB,  Ma^.  Beilr.  iii.  p.  fl53. 
Paihyrampbus  minimus,  Gould,  Zool.  Voff,  'Settle,'  iii.  p.  SI,  t  j 

(1841). 
Titvia  minima,  Gray,  Gen.  i.  p.  254. 
Hapalum  minima, Ciift.  Tl'i>ym,^rc».1847,  pt.i.p.252;  Surm.  Si/ 

Ueb.  ii.  p.  404. 
Habrura  minima.  Cab.  et  Hein.   Mta.  Hein.  ii.  p.  53;  ScL  P.  Z. 

1879,  p.  460;  Scl.el  Salv.  yomenel.  p.  40. 


36.  cviJoiyoRA.  97 

36.  CnUCITORA.  -_ 

CalidTon,  Sw.  ZooL  Joum.  iii.  p.  359  (1827)    C.  stenura. 

Hapalnm,  Oab.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1847,  pt  i.  p.  252  C.  stenura. 

The  peenliar  form  which  Swainson  made  the  type  of  his  genus 
Culieivara  is  restricted,  ^p  far  as  we  know  at  present,  to  S.E.  Brazil 
and  the  adjoining  districts.  It  is  at  once  recognizable  by  its  long 
graduated  tail,  with  the  barbs  of  the  rectrices  very  thin  and  much 
narrowed.  The  sandy  plumage,  which  it  shares  with  Habrura,  b 
only  met  with  in  these  two  types  of  the  family  TyrannidcB. 

1.  ColiclYora  stenura. 

Mufldcapa  stenura,  Tetnm,  PL  CoL  167.  fig.  3. 

Hapalura  stenura,  Cab.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1847,  pt.  i.  p.  252 ;  Burm. 

Sv9t.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  494. 
CulidTora  stenura,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mwt.  Hein.  ii.  p.  5«3 ;  Pelz.  Om. 

Bras.  p.  103 ;   WhUe,  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  605 ;  Scl.  et  Buds.  Arg.  Om. 

I  p.  139. 
Musdcapa  hapalura,  Licht.  in  Mus.  Berol. 

Above  sandy  brown,  striated  with  black ;  head  nearly  black,  lores 
and  superciHaries  white ;  wings  and  tail  blackish  with  slight  brownish 
edgings :  beneath  pale  sandy  buff,  more  brownish  on  the  sides  of  the 
neck  and  flanks ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  3*7  inches,  wing 
1*7 ;  tail,  ext.  rectr.  1*3,  med.  1*9. 

Hah.  S.E.  Brazil. 

I  can  only  find  10  rectrices  in  the  specimens  of  this  species  which 
I  have  examined.  They  are  long,  thin,  and  rather  stiffened.  The 
webs  are  much  reduced  in  width  in  aU  the  feathers. 

0.  ^  ad.  sk.  Curitiba,  Brazil  (Natterer).         Sclater  Coll. 

h.  (J  ad.  sk.  Ytarar6,  Brazil  {Natterer).  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  S.£.  Brazil.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


37.  POOOHOTEICCUS.  ,p_ 

Pogonotriccus,  Cab.  etHein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  54  (1859). .  P.  eximius. 
Eupeilostoma,  Scl.  P.  Z.S.  1860,  p.  68   P.  eximius. 

Of  this  division,  established  by  Cabanis  and  Heine  for  the  Mus- 
eieapa  eximia  of  Temminck,  I  am  able  to  recognize  four  nearly 
allied  species  distributed  over  the  forest-regions  of  South  America. 
As  indicated  by  their  generic  name,  they  are  remarkable  in  this 
subfamily  for  tbe  unusual  development  of  the  rictal  bristles.  The 
tarsi  are  rather  short,  and  the  divisions  of  the  scutes  distinctly  in- 
dicated ;  the  tail  is  long,  nearly  equalling  the  wings. 


VOL.  XIV. 


TTBAKNIDA. 


Key  to  the  ^MUt. 


a.  Ueiul  grey  viiriegated  witlt  whitish  : 

iear-coTerts  yellow    1.  extmius,  p.  88 
eAT'^oveitg  Dlack  and  white    2.  ophUudmtcut,  ■ 

b.  Head  dark  olive  S.  ffualaquka,  p. 

e.  Hettd  plumbeouB ;  tail  longer 4.  plmnb«ic^»,  p 

1.  Fogonotiicciu  ezunioB. 
Musdcapa  eximis,  Temm.  H.  CiA.  144.  fig.  2. 
Euscertbmiu  eximiue,  Burm.  Sytt.  Ueb.  u.  p.  491. 
Pogonotriccus  eiimiue,  Grit.-el  Hein.  Mas.  Mein.  ii.  p.  64 ;  5 

A.   B.  p.  211 ;  P^.  O™.  Bra».  p.  103 ;  Sd.  el  Sale.  N 

p.  46. 

Above  bright  yellowish  olive ;  wings  and  tail  blackish  1 
vith  odginga  like  the  back ;  crown  of  head  cinereous,  lor 
lengthened  Buperciliaries  white ;  ear-coverta  yellow,  with  a  bi 
border  behind :  beneath  olivaceous  yellow,  under  wing-coyeii 
yellow ;  upper  mandible  plumbeous,  lower  mandible  and  feet  n 
whole  Icugtb  4-3  inches,  wing  2,  tail  19. 

Bob.  8.E.  Brazil. 


2,  p.  IS; 

9(Ecuad. 


I.  Fogonotriccns  ophthalmiooa. 
.  S.  1874, 
Tact,  tt  Ba-l.  P.  Z.  i 


^Dotriccus  ophthalmicus,   Taai.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  pp.  135, 


:uador). 

zeledoni,  Lam-.  Ann.  L.  iV.  Y.  ix.  p.  144  (186! 


38.  LSPTOTBIOCUS.  99 

3.  Pogonotriociu  gnala^nuflB. 

Piwonotriccus  ^ualaquizae,  Sd.  P.  Z.  S.  1887,  p.  48 ;  Tacz.  et  Berl 
RZ.S.  1885,  p.  89. 

Above  oliye-green,  head  above  rather  darker;  wings  and  tail 
blackish,  with  olive-green  margins ;  lores  whitish ;  sides  of  head  and 
wbole  body  below  pale  yellowish ;  throat  whitish ;  bill  and  feet 
brown:  whole  length  4  inches,  wing  1*9,  tail  1*7. 

Hah,  Western  Ecuador. 

Ofb,  (J  5  sk.        Gualaquiza,  Ecuador  (Fraser).     Sclater  Coll.    (Types 

of  the  species.) 

4.  PogoxLOtriociu  plnmbeiceps. 

Fogonotriccus  plnmbeiceps,  Lawr.  Ann,  L.  N.  Y,  ix.  p.  267  (1870) ; 

Scl.  et  Salv.  NomencL  p.  46. 
Tyianniscus  plumbeiceps,  Berl.  et  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1885,  p.  90. 

Above  olive-green;  head  and  napo  plumbeous;  lores  and  ring 
Foond  the  eye  whitish ;  wings  blackish,  coverts  broadly  tipped  with 
pale  yellowish,  remiges  narrowly  margined  with  olivaceous ;  tail 
brown,  slightly  margined  with  olivaceous  towards  the  base :  beneath 
olivaceous  yellow,  passing  into  whitish  on  the  throat ;  under  wing- 
ooverts  pale  yellow :  whole  length  4*5  inches,  wing  2*4,  tail  2*3. 

Hah,  Colombia. 

The  first  specimen  seems  to  agree  with  the  type,  which  has  been 
kindly  lent  to  me  by  Mr.  Lawrence.  The  second  has  a  rather 
narrower  biU,  and  is  possibly  different. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

i.  Ad.  ak.  Bogota.  Sal\in-Godman  Coll. 

38.  LEPTOTEICCUS.  ,^ 

Type. 

Leptotriccus,  Cab.  et  Hem,  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  64  (1869)    . .  L.  sylviola. 

In  Leptotriccus  the  bill  is  rather  longer  and  more  compressed 
than  in  Fogonotriccus,  and  the  rictal  bristles  not  quite  so  dense,  but 
the  forms  are  closely  allied.  The  feet  are  weak  as  in  PogonotriccuSy 
but  the  tarsi  are  rather  longer.  One  of  the  two  recognized  species 
of  this  group  is  from  Brazil,  the  other  from  Veragua. 

Key  to  the  Species, 

Head  green  like  the  back 1.  sylviola,  p.  99. 

Head  dark  plumbeous    2.  mpercUiaris,  p.  100. 

1.  Leptotriccns  sylviola. 

Muscicapa  sylviola,  Licht.  in  Mus.  Berd. 

Leptotriccus  sylviola,  Cah.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  64 ;  Sd,  Cat. 
A,  B,  p.  211 ;  Sd.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  46. 

h2 


100  TTRADHIl)^. 

Above  uoifoTm  brigbt  oUva ;  wingB  and  tail  blackish,  with  edgir 
like  the  back  ;  lores  and  ring  round  tbo  eye  datk  rufous :  under  si 
face  dirty  white  ;  flanks  slightly  washed  with  grcenieh  ;  under  win 
coverts  white ;  bill  and  feet  brown  :  whole  length  4'6  inches,  wi 
2-1,  taO  2, 

3ab.  as.  Brazil. 

a.  Ad.  ak.  S.E.  Brazil.  Sdater  C( 


2.  LeptotricciiB  sapeiolliariB. 

Leptotriccua  Euperciliaria,  Sd.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1668,  o.  369;  Sa 
P.  Z.S.  1870,  p.  196. 

Above  olive-green ;  wings  and  tul  blackish,  edged  with  olive-gree 
head  above  and  nape  dark  plumbeous ;  lores  and  ring  round  t 
eye  dark  rufous :  beneath  ashy  white,  flanks  and  crissum  tingi 
with  olivaceous ;  bill  blackish  ;  feet  pale  brown  ;  whole  length  3 
inches,  wing  2,  tul  1*9. 

Hah.  Veragua. 

Like  L.  it/lviola,  but  distinguished  by  ite  dark  head. 

a.  S  ad.  ak.        Cfaitni,  Verafrus  (Arcfi.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

b.  $  ad.  Bk.        Calovevora,  Veragua  (Ard).       SalTin-Godman  Coll. 

(Types  of  the  speciei 


39.  STIOXATUKA. 

Stigmatura,  Scl  et  Sah.  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  188 S.  budjtoid* 

The  much  elongated  tail  at  once  distingnishea  this  eingular  fon 


which   is  (.liiorwisc   lint    remotely  nllicil  to  S.;^^h.ph<viii.     Tho  li. 


40.   8EBPH0PHi.0A.  101 

AboTO  greyish  olive ;  lores  and  short  superciliary  streak  yellowish ; 
wings  blackiish  brown  ;  tips  of  wing-coverts  and  outer  margins  of 
secondaries  white ;  tail  blackish,  all  the  lateral  rectrices  crossed  by 
a  broad  white  median  and  a  second  terminal  band  ;  under  surface 
pale  yellow;  bill  and  feet  black:  whole  length  6  inches,  wing  2*1, 
tail  2-5. 

Hab.  Bolivia,  Peru,  Int.  of  Brazil,  and  Northern  La  Plata. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Upper  Ucayali  {Barilett).  Sclater  Coll. 

b.  Ad.  8k.  Lower  Ucayali.  E.  Bartlett  [C.]. 
c,l  Ad.  ak.             BoHvia  {Bndgea).                          T.  Bridges  rc.]. 

ft  Ad.  sk.  Salta,  rep.  Arg.  H.  Durnfora  [C.l 

/.  Ad.  ak.  Tucuman,  rep.  Arg.  H.  Durnford  ^^C.  |. 

2.  Stigmatura  flaYO-cinerea. 

Fhylloscartes  llavo-cinerea,  Burnt.  La-Plata  Betse,  ii.  p.  455 ;  Scl, 
P.  Z.  S.  1872,  p.  542 ;  Cab,  J,f.  O.  1878,  p.  197. 

Stigmatura  flavo-cinerea,  ScL  P.  Z.  S.  1872,  pp.  542,  549 ;  ScL  et 
oalv,  Nomencl.  p.  46 ;  ScL  et  Hmhoriy  A)'g.  Om.  i.  p.  139. 

Above  greyish  olive ;  lores  and  superciliary  stripe  whitish  ;  wings 
blackish,  with  whitish  edgings  to  the  coverts  and  outer  secondaries  ; 
tail  blackish ;  outer  web  of  the  external  rectrix  and  broad  tips  of 
four  external  pairs  white,  the  two  external  pairs  in  some  specimens 
also  with  a  white  spot  in  the  middle  of  the  internal  web  :  beneath 
pale  yellow ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  5*8  inches,  wing  2*3, 
tail  3.     Female  similar. 

Hah,  Argentine  Republic  and  Northern  Patagonia. 

In  the  Bio  Negro  specimens  the  white  tail-markings  are  but 
faintly  shown. 

a.  S  ad.  sk.  Mendoza,  rep.  Arg.  (  Weisshaupt).  Sclater  Coll. 

6,c. cJ  2ad.sk.  Mendoza,  rep.  Arg.  {^Weisshaupt,),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

rf,tf.<J  $ad.8k.  Cosquin,    Corbobo,     rep.    Arg.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(White), 

/.  fS  ftd.  sk.  Rio  Negro  of  Patagonia  {Hudson).  Sclater  Coll. 

g.  2  ad.  sk.  Rio  Negro  of  Patagonia  {Hudson).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

A.  $  ad.  sk.  Rio  Negro  of  Patagonia  {Hudson).  Purchased. 


40.  SEBPHOPHAOA.  ^^p^ 

Serpophaga,   Gouidy  ZooL   Voy,  ^  Beagle^  iii.  p.  49 

(1841)    S.  subcristata. 

Colorhamphus,  8und,  Meth.  Nat.  Av.  p.  59  (1872) . .     S.  parvirostris. 

In  Serphophaga  and  the  succeeding  genera  the  beak  becomes 
much  compressed,  and  it  is  somewhat  hard  to  draw  the  line  between 
these  forms  and  tiie  Elaineince.  But  the  rictal  bristles  are  more  or 
less  developed  in  SerphopJutga  and  its  allies. 

The  seven  species  which  I  refer  to  this  genus  have  a  wide  distri- 
bution from  Costa  Rica  to  Chili  and  Patagonia. 


lOS 


trmssiDM, 


Key  to  the  Si>ecia. 

A.  Ilead  aubcrested,  with  a  white  vertical  spot 
0.  Wings  banded  with  white. 
a'.  Crown  grey. 

{Smaller :  white  edgings  of  winp  nar- 
rower     ,.,.., 1.  /rul/crutata,  p.  102. 
Larger:  white  edgiogs  of  wings  broader    2.  alboffritaa,  p.  \0S. 

6'.  Crown  black a.  ci'bctvo,  p.  103. 

b.  WinEa  not  banded. 

JBoUy  white  4.  Ajfpoleiica,  p.  104. 
Bellv  cinereoua 6.  Hi'yrkane,  p,  104. 
uniturm  with  back ;  no  vertical  spot. 

)  llody  below  yellow    6.  tubjlai'a,  p.  105. 

j  Body  below  grey    7.  pari-iroe/rii,  p.  106. 


1.  Serphophaga  sabcriatata. 

Contmmaeitre  copatillo  ordinario,  Aaira,  Apmit.  a.  p.  (K 
Sylvia  subcrigtata,    VieHt.  Nouv.  Diet,  xi,  p.  229 ;  id.   . 

p.  443. 
Helinaua  subcriatata,  SartU  Ind.  Ai.  p,  11. 
MUBcicapa  (traminea,  Temm.  PI.  Col.  107.  fi^.  3. 
MuadwipB  crislatfl,  La/r,  ct  tTOri,  Syn.  Av.  i.  p.  62. 
Muscicapara  Bubcristata,  iTOf'i.  Voy.,  Om,  p.  8m 
Serpophaga  albocoronata,  GoaUt,  in  Zool,  Poy,  '  Seagk,' 
Muscicnpa  iucompta,  ZieAt,  in  Mm,  Enrol. 
Eust-'arthmus  olbicoronatus,  JI^.  Omtp.  i.  p.  1S4. 
Serpuphaga  aubcriatata,  C'la.  et  Beta.  Mut.  Hrin.  iL  p.  53 ;  Scl.  Cat, 


iL 


Plata  IUi«, 


i  &i.  at  Sak.  P.  X,  S.  11^68,  pp.  142, 
'   -    '"i   White,  P.Z.S.  1882, 


J.  S.  p.  211 !  Pets.  Om.  J 

u.p.  454;  «t  P.Z  S,  1800, p.  2  . 

17^  et  1870,  p.  013 ;  iid.  Jfmrumcl.  t 

p.  COO;  Dumfm-d,  Ibii,  1S76,  p.  1.59,  et  1877,  p.  177;  J-'orUg, 

26*1, 1881,  p.  S42 ;  Bammi,  JiuU.  N«tt.  Om.  a.  viii.  p.  109  (En- 

trenos) ;  Sfrl.  H  Jher.  ZeiUeh.  Om.  1886,  p.  130  (Hio  Qrande  da 

Sul)  i  Sd.  et  HuiU.  Arg.  Oitu  i.  p.  140. 
AuEeretes  crietatellus,  Saload.  Atl.  Sc.  It.  vii.  p.  163. 
Scrphopboga  vertjcftta,  Burm.  J.f.  0. 1800,  p.  246. 

Abofc  cinorcoua,  usually  with  a  slight  olivaceous  tinge  on  the 
rump  ;  crcet-l'catbera  white  at  their  bases,  tipped  with  cinoreoos  and 
slightly  varied  with  black ;  wings  blockiah ;  wing-coverts  tipped 
with  whitiah,  forming  two  transverse  bauds  ;  outer  secondaries 
externally  margined  with  the  same  colour:  tail  dark  ashy :  beneath 
ashy  white,  with  more  or  less  yellowish  tinge  on  the  belly  and  under 
wiog-covcrtB ;  bill  dark  horn-colour  ;  feet  black  :  whole  length  4'5 
inches,  wing  2,  tail  2*1.     Fenuile  similur. 

Hah.  S.E.  Brazil,  Paraguay,  Northern  La  Plata,  and  Bolivia. 

The  spei'imens  from  Cordova  and  Bolivia  are  more  greyish  above 
and  pure  white  below,  and  may  be  ultimately  separable. 


,    liio    Onuide    do    Sul 


40.   8EBPH0PHA0A.  103 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Maldonadoy  Uruguay.  Fitzroy  and  Burnett 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Paysandu,  Uruguay.  Alan  Peel  [C.]. 

^.  c^ad.  fik.  Conchitas,  Buenos  Ayre8(J7tM2Mm).  Salvin-Godinan  ColL 

A.  5  ad.  ak.  Flores,  Buenos  Ayres  (  White).  Sclater  Coll. 

t-*.  Ad.  sk.  Buenos  Ayres.  H.  Dumfoid  [C.l 

L(S9d.fk.  Cosquin,CordoTa,rep.Arg.(TF*ietf).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

jw.  cJad.  sk.  Cosquin,  Cordova, rep.  Arg.(fF3Wte).  Sclater  Coll. 

n-p.  d  ad.  sk.  Pampas  of  Arg.  Republic  {Leyhdd),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

^r.  Ad.  sk.  Tilotiio,  Bolivia  {Buckleyy  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

#,  /.  Ad.  St.  Bolivia.  T.  Bridges  [C.]. 

2.  Serphophaga  albogrisea. 

Elainea  cinerea,  Pelz.  Om.  Bras,  p.  180 ;  Bet-l.  Ibis,  1883,  p.  138  (?). 
Serphophaga  albogrisea,  ScL  et  Solo,  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  150 ;  Reich,  u. 
Schalow,  J.f,  O,  1881,  p.  88. 

Above  cinereous,  vertical  patch  white ;  wings  black,  broadly 
margined  with  white  except  in  the  primaries  ;  tail  blackish,  with 
slight  cinereous  edgings :  beneath  white,  with  a  slight  ashy  tinge  on 
the  flanks ;  under  wing-coverts  pure  white  ;  bill  and  feet  brown : 
whole  length  4*3  inches,  wing  2*5,  tail  2-3. 

ffab.  Eastern  Ecuador. 

Much  larger  than  S,  stibcristata,  and  at  once  recognizable  by  the 
broad  pure  white  wing-edgings. 

0.  Ad.  sk.  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

6.  Ad.  $ .  Chamicuros,  E.  Peru.  E.  Bartlett  [C.]. 

3.  Serphophaga  cinerea. 

Euscarthmus  cinereus,  StrickL  Ann.  ^  Mat;.  N.  H,  xiii.  p.  414  (1844) ; 
Tsch,  Faun,  Per,,  Om.  p.  105 ;  Burm.  Syst.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  62Q. 

Serpophaga  cinerea,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S,  1858,  p.  458,  1859,  p.  144,  et 
18(56,  p.  99 ;  id.  Cat,  A,  B.ip,  211 ;  Cab.  et  Ilein.  Mus.  Jlein.  ii. 
p.  53 ;  Pelz.  Orn.  Bras.  p.  103 ;  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1807,  p.  147 ;  id. 
Ibis,  1809,  p.  819 ;  Scl,  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  781, 1873,  p.  185, 
et  1879,  pp.  512,  613;  iid.  Noniencl.  p.  47;  Tacz.  P.  Z.S.  1874, 
p.  535,  18V9,  p.  233,  et  1880,  p.  203;  id.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  236;  Bert, 
et  Tacz.  P.  Z,  S.  1883,  p.  553 ;  Boucard,  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  62;  JVyatt, 
Ibis,  1871,  p.  332;  Berl.  J.f,  O.  1884,  p.  318. 

Serpophaga  grisea,  Later.  Ann,  L,  N,  Y,  x.  p.  130  (Costa  Rica) ; 
Salv,  Ibis,  1874,  p.  315. 

Above  cinereous,  head  black  with  a  white  vertical  spot ;  crest 
very  slight ;  wings  and  tail  black ;  wing-coverts  tipped  and  outer 
secondaries  margined  with  white :  beneath  paler  cinereous,  whiter 
on  the  belly  and  under  wing-coverts ;  bill  and  feet  black  :  whole 
length  4-3  inches,  wing  2*4,  tail  2.     Female  similar. 

Hab.  Costa  Eica,  Veragua,  Venezuela,  Colombia,  Ecuador,  Peru, 
and  Bolivia. 

a.  Ad.  sk.         Costa  Rica  (Endres),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

b.  cJ  ad.  sk.       Sante  F6,  Veragua  {Arci),  Salvin-Godman  Col}. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Chiriqui  (Arci),  Salvin-Godman  ColL 


104 

^^^^ 

d.  Ad.  sk. 

Merida,  Venemiek  (Goering). 

Sclaler  Coll. 

r.  Ad.  sk. 

BoBotrt. 

Sal  viu-Godman  Coll. 

/  Ad.  Hk. 

Bogota. 

Sclater  CoU. 

g.  Ad.  sk. 

Envigado,  Antioquia  (Salmon). 

SclaUr  CoU. 

A.  Ad.  Bk. 

Frontino,  ^lnlii>qma  (_fialm<m). 

Sal vin-God man  Coll. 

i.  J  ad.  Bk. 

Biobttmbii,  Ecuador. 

L.  Fraaer  f  C.]. 
SclaWr  Coll. 

j.  2  ad.  sk. 

Coenca,  Ecuador  {I^-iaer). 

A,  (.  Ad.  ak. 

Sical,  Ecuador  (Hurkley). 

Salvia-Gidman  CoU 

m.  Ad.  Bk. 

Baganti,  Bolivia  {BuckUy). 

Salvin-Godman  Coll 

n.  Ad.  8k. 

S.  America. 

Sclater  CoU. 

4.  Serpliopliaga  hypolenca. 

Serphophaga  hypoleu 
p.  '278  i   Tai-i.  On. 

Above  pale  lirowiiish  cinereous ;  winga  and  tail  blackish,  with 
edgings  like  the  back  ;  head  blackish  ;  crest  elongated,  black,  with 
u  whit«  boaal  spot :  beneath  whit«,  passing  into  pale  cinereous  on 
the  flankfl ;  under  wing-corerta  white ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole 
length  4  inches,  wing  1'8,  tail  I'S. 

ffab.  Eoetem  Peru. 

A  amall  species,  withont  traces  of  wing-banda,  and  with  a  small 
lengthened  black  crest,  with  a  white  baaiil  spot. 

n.  Ad.  sk.  Lower  Ucayali  (Bnr/fef().        ScUterCoU.  (Type  of  the 

speei™.) 
b.  <J  ftd.  ak.         Lower  Ucayali  (Bartlett).         SaJvin-Oiidmnn  Coll. 
c-e.  Ad.  sk.        Lower  Ucayali.  K.  Bartlett  [C.]. 


5.  Serphophaga  nigricana. 

Sylvia  nigrieans,  Vieill.  A'dud.  DM.  xi.  p.  ^04 ;  id.  Enc.  MHh.  p.  4(S3 

(ex  Aiara,  no.  107). 
Tncliiiris  nlgiicana,  Lafr.  et  d'Orb.  Syn.  Ar.  i.  p,  6o;  (TOnA.  Vog., 

Oit.  p.  Sfll 
EuAcarthmus  Digricans,  Hartl.  lad.  Amtr.  p.  1 1 :  B<a.  Obnip.  i.  p.  1S4 ; 

"  ■  " "■  ■  ■  j.j.f.c^''""     -"-■     ■■ 


Burm.  Si/il.  Ufb.  ii.  p.  492 ;  Steinba-ff,  J.f.  0. 1809,  p.  202  (nMt) ; 

Suit:,  J.f.  0.  1870,  p.  7  (egg). 
Uuadcapa  obscurata,  LirM.  in  Mua,  Berol. 
Serphopuaga  nigricana,  Gould,  in  Zuol.  Votf.  *  Beagle,'  iij.  p.  60 ;  C<A, 

H  Hein.  Mia.  Hein.  ii.  p.  68 ;  Sd.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  211 ;   Butm.  ta~ 


Fiala  Beite,  iL  V.  4M\ul.  P.  Z.S.iem,  v.  2:  &i.  et  Sale.  P.  Z.  S. 
1868,  p.  142  i  lid.  Ifmenrl.  o.  47 ;  Suirr,  3.  f.  0.  1 80f ,  p.  184  ; 
Sudton,  P.  Z.  S.  1870.  p.  671,  ut  1872,  p.  643 ;  Duntf.  Ibu,  IffTT, 
p.  177,  et  1880,  p.  424  (rep.  Axg.);  White,  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  606; 
Berl.et  Jher.  Zeitwhr.  Om.  1885,  p.  130  (Rio  Grande  do  Sullj 
Barrov>s,  SuU.  Xutt.  Om.  (X  viii.  p.  191)  (Entrerioa) ;  Hd.  el  Bit^t. 
Arg.  Orn.  i.  p.  141. 
EuBcBrtlimus  cinereuB,  Burrn.  J.f.  0.  ISUO,  p.  MG. 

Above  dtill  brownish  dnereoua,  wings  and  tail  blackish,  the 
coverts  and  outer  st'Condaries  with  slight  edgings  like  the  back: 
crest  alight,  with  a  well-marked  white  basal  tpot :  beneath  paler 


40.   SEBPflOPHAOA.  105 

and  rather  purer  cinereous;    under  wing-coverts  pale  cinereous; 
bill  and  feet  dark  hom-colonr :  whole  length  4*7  inches,  wing  2-3, 
tail  1*1.    Female  similar,  but  vertical  spot  not  so  well  marked. 
ffab,  S.  Brazil,  Paraguay,  La  Plata,  and  Northern  Patagonia. 

«.  cf  ad.  ak.  Conchitas,  Buenos  Ayres  {Hudson),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

h,t,  cf  $  ad.  Punta  Lara,  Buenos  Ayres.  II.  Dumford  [C.]. 

>k 

it.  S  ad.  sk.  Punta  Lara,  Buenos  Ayres  (  White),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

«.  (^$ad.8k.  Cosquin,    Cordoba,    rep.    Arg.  Sal vin-Godman  Coll. 

(WhiU). 

f^g.  Ad.  sk.  La  Plata.  Sclater  Coll. 

k  Ad.  sk.  Maldonado,  Uruguay.  Sir  W.  Burnett  [P.]. 

k  (^  ad.  sk.  Rio  Negro  of  Patagonia  {Hudson),  Purchased. 

6.  Serphophaga  subflaya. 

Serphophaga  subflava,  Scl,  et  Salv.  Noinencl.  pp.  47,  158. 

Above  olive-brown ;  cap  brownish ;  lores  whitish ;  wings  and  tail 
brown ;  wing-coverts  and  external  secondaries  edged  with  whitish : 
beneath  uniform  yellowish,  more  olivaceous  on  the  flanks ;  under 
wing-coverts  pale  yellow:  whole  length  4*4  inches,  wing  1'8, 
tafll-9. 

Hab,  Vicinity  of  Para,  Brazil. 

The  single  specimen  on  which  this  species  was  founded  remains 
miique.  The  whoDy  yellow  under  surface  distinguishes  it  from  all 
its  congeners. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Para,  Brazil  ( Wallace),  Sclater  Coll.     (Type 

of  the  species.) 

7.  Serphophaga  parvirostris. 

Tvnmnula  parvirostris,  Gould,  in  Zool.  Voy.  ^BeayleJ  iii.  p.  48. 
Myiobius  parvirostris,  Gray,  ibid. ;  Gay,  Faun.  Chil.  Aves,  p.  341. 
Serpophaga  parvirostris,  Scl,  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  212 ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  18G7, 
p.  327 ;  Scl,  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  47  ;  iid.  Ibis,  18G8,  p.  186. 

Above  dull  brown ;  head  and  nape  dark  cinereous  ;  ear-coverts 
blackish ;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  with  rufous  edgings  to  the  wing- 
ooverts  and  outer  secondaries :  beneath  pale  cinereous ;  throat  and 
lower  beUy  more  whitish ;  under  wing- coverts  palo  yellowish ;  inner 
margins  of  wing-feathers  pale  rufous ;  bill  dark  flesh-colour ;  feet 
black :  whole  length  4*7  inches,  wing  2*5,  tail  2.     Female  similar. 

Hab,  Chili,  Patagonia,  Terra  del  Fuego,  and  Bolivia. 

a,  b.  Ad.  sk.  Santiago,  Chili  {Heed).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Chili.  T.  Bridges  [C.l 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Valparaiso,  Chili.  C.  Darwin  'C.J. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Chili.  Sclater  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  sk  Santa  Cruz,  Patagonia.  C.  Darwin  [C.]. 

(Type  of  the  species.) 
a.  Ad.  sk.  St.  Martin's  Cove,  Patagonia.       Lt.  A.  Smith,  R.N. 

^  [P.]. 

h.  Ad.  sk.  Bolivia  (Bridges),  Sclater  Coll. 


106  TTBAKHm^. 

41.  AH^filRETES.  ^^ 

AiiftireteB,  Jlfichenb,  An.  S.  N.  t.  Uvi.  (ISiJO) V.  pariiitii. 

Tha  gonua  Aiurretet  containe  a  scriea  of  about  eevca  small  ei>C[:ies 
with  crested  hood,  striped  plumogu,  and  much  compressed  bill. 
They  are  said  to  be  Tit-like  in  their  habits. 

They  are  found  tnoatly  iu  the  Patagouian  Region,  but  extend 
along  tht?  range  nf  the  Andea  into  Ecuador. 

Key  to  the  Speeia. 

A.  Tail  about  equal  to  wings;  squared. 
a.  Bill  block,  tiaifumi, 

1  Smaller:  belly  yellowish    1.  pandvi,  p.  106, 

j  Lar^v :  belly  white    2,  femimdaianv»,  p.  107- 

h.  Bill  reddish  or  yellowish  at  the  base. 

il-arp-erj  back   block,  etriated  with 

white 3.  aVticrUtala;  p.  107. 

Smaller ;  back  olive-brown    i._fliteirottr%a,  p,  ItW. 

B.  T(dl  mueli  longer  tlian  wingn,  gi'odiiBted  .  5.  agiiui,  p.  108. 

1.  Anseretes  pamlns. 

MuBcicapaparulus,  £iM.  Afifm.pr^i.   Acad.  PMemb.   i.  p.  100,  pi.  9 

{183lV 
Sylvia  btoxami,  J.  E.  Gray,  Z-nU  JUitc.  18S1,  p,  11. 
Culicivora  paruluB,  in/V.  e(  iTOrb.  Sya.  Ar.  i.  p.  57;  iTOrh.   Viii/., 

Oi».  p.  33^  i  Gay,  Faun.  Chil,  Ave*,  p.  »43. 
Serphopbago  purula,  Gould,  in  Zool.  Vvy.'  BeagU'  iu.  p.  49;  Sri. 

P.  Z.*  1863,  p.  864. 
EuBcanhmuH  parulu#,  Bp.  Cotup.  i.  p.  184. 
lte);iiltLs  pliUQuIoaiu,  Peak,  U.S.  Explof.  Exp.  p.  84,  pi.  '25. 
Anreretes  pondus,  Cab.  et  Hem.  Mux.  Jlctn.  h.  a.  54  ;  AW.  CM.  A. 
B.  p.  212 ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  pp.  327, 338,  et  1872,  pp.  543,  649 ; 
Set.  H  Sah.  Nomend.  p.  47 ;  xid.  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p,  482,  et  1876, 
p.  013 ;  iid.  Zool.  ChaU.  Krp.  viii.  p.  101 ;    Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1874, 
p.  mr,,  et  1880,  p.  202;  id.  Orn.  Pii:  ii.  p.  239;  Burm.  La-PUtta 
&«<■,  ii.p.  4&5;aiafpp,P.  Z5. 1881,p.  8;  WhiU,  P.  Z.  S.  1683, 
p,  39  (rep,  Aw.) ;  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  18»3,  p.  423 ;  Dam/ord,  Ibit, 
1877,  p.  34,  et  1878,  p.  395 ;  Set.  et  Hadi.  Am.  Om.  i.  p.  141. 
Antorotes  parulus  lequaloriolis,  Bcrl.  et  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1884,  p.  396, 
et  1886,  p.  123. 
Above  cinereous,  with  an  olivaceous  tint  on  the  lower  bftolc; 
head  black,  front  varied  with  white ;  elongalod  vertical  crest  black, 
scimetimea  varied  with  white :  winga  blackish,  with  aUght  whitiah 
tips  to  the  coverta  and  whitiah  margina  to  the  oater  sf  condarios ;  taU 
blackish,  outer  web  of  external  rootrix  whitish :  beneath  pale  atraw- 
colour,  white  on  tha  throat ;  throat  and  breast  with  miracroua  and 
wdl-marled  black  Btriationa ;  under  wing-coverts  pale  stramineona  ; 
bill  and  feet  black:    whole  length  4  iDohes,  wing  111,  tail  1'8, 
FeniaU  aimilar,  but  crest  shorter. 

Hah.  Argentine  Republic,  Chili,  Bolivia,  Peru,  and  Andes  of 
Ecuador. 


I  of       I 


41.   AN.SBETES.  107 

o.  $  ad.  ak.       Pampas  of  Aig,  Republic  (Ley^    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

h.  Ad.  sk.  Rio  Negro,  Patagonia  (Hudson).  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Santa  Cruz,  Pat^onia.  Zool.  Soc.  ColL 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Malaspina  I.,  Patagonia.  Br.  Coppinger  [C.]. 

^.  $  ad.  ak.  Puerto  Bueno,  Patagonia.  *  Challenger '  £xp. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  ChUi  (Bridges).  Sclater  CoU. 

^.  (^  ad.  8k.  Talcahuano,  Chili  (Markham).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

iL  S  ad.  sk.  Vic.  of  Santiago,  Chili  (Leyhold).  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

i.  Ad.  sk.  Valparaiso,  Cmli.  C.  Darwin  fC.]. 

/  (^  ad.  sk.  Valparaiso,  Chili.  Jardine  Coll. 

i,  /.  Ad.  sk.  Yungas,  Bolivia  (Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

M.  Ad.  sk.  Bolivia  (Bridges).  Eyton  Coll. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Ninabamha,  Peru  (Jelskt).  Sclater  Coll. 

0.  cf  ad.  sk.  Titiacun,  Ecuador  (Fraser).  Sclater  Coll. 

p.  Ad.  sk.  Matos,  Ecuador  (Fraser) .  Sclater  Coll. 

g,r.  Ad.ak.  Sical,  Ecuador  (^i*cA;/py).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

i.  Ad.  sk.  Pasto,  Ecuador  (Lehmann),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

t  Ad.  sk.  Valley  of  Lloa,  Ecuador  (Jartie-  Jardine  Coll. 

son). 

u.  Ad.  sk.  Quito,  Ecuador.  Gould  Coll. 

V.  Ad.  sk.  Bo^ta  (?).  Purchased. 

IP.  Ad.  St.  Chili.  Purchased. 

r.  Ad.  St  Bolivia.  T.  Bridges  [C.]. 

2.  Anssretes  femandezianus. 

Culidvora  femandeziana,  Philijypij  Wiegm.  Arch.  1867,  pt.  i.  p.  263 ; 

Pha.  et  Landb.  Cat.  Aves  ChU,  p.  22. 
Eudcarthmus  femandezianus,  Gray^  Hand-L  i.  p.  351. 
Ansretes  femandezianus,  Scl.  Ibis,  1871,  p.  179,  t.  vii.  fig.  1 ;  Scl.  et 

Salv.  P.  Z.  S.   1878,  p.  432 ;  iid.  Noviencl.  p.  47 ;  iid.  Zool.  ChaU. 

Erp.  viii.  p.  101 ;  Salv.  Ibis,  1875,  p.  370 ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  423 ; 

Beed,  Ibis,  1874,  p.  82. 

Above  dark  cinereous ;  elongated  vortical  crest  black,  mixed  with 
white  at  the  base ;  wings  blackish,  with  slight  whitish  tips  to  the 
wing-coverts  and  margins  to  the  outer  secondaries ;  tail  brownish 
Uack ;  outer  web  of  external  rectrix  white :  beneath  white,  densely 
striated  with  black  on  the  throat  and  breast ;  under  wing-coverts 
white;  bill  and  feet  black:  whole  length  4*8  inches,  wing  24, 
tail  2*3.    Female  similar,  but  crest  not  so  largo. 

Hob.  Juan  Fernandez  Island. 

At  once  recognizable  from  A.  parulus  by  its  much  larger  size, 
greyer  back,  and  whiter  belly. 

«,  6.  <J  2  ad.  sk.  Juan  Fernandez  (Reed).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e,d.  ^  $  ad.  sk.  Juan  Fernandez.  Sclater  Coll. 

e,f.  Ad.  sk.  Juan  Fernandez  (Markham).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

g-j.  (^  ad.  sk.  Juan  Femandez.  '  Challenger  *  Exp. 

k.  Ad.  st  Juan  Femandez.  H.  Cuming. 

3.  Axueretes  albocristatns. 

Tyiannulus  albocristatus,  Vig.  Zool.  Joum.  1829,  v.  p.  273. 
Cnlicivora  reguloides,  Lafr.  et  d'Orb.  Syn.Av.  i.  p.  57 ;  d^Orb.  Voy., 
Ois.  p.  332,  pL  37.  fig.  1. 


VermivoTs  eiegana,  Leu.  Fog.  Thrt.  ii.  p.  323. 
^uacortlimLiB  reguloides.  Cab.  in  TscA,  Jt'auH,  Ar.,  Om.  p.  li 


A.  B.  p.  212;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  mil,  p.  408,  et  1873,  p.  780;  fiW.  d 
Saiv.  P.  Z.  S.  19B7,  p.  987,  et  18(18,  p.  509 ;  iid.  JVbmMrV.  p.  4" ; 
Tact.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  535,  1879,  p.  233 ;  id.  Om.  IVr.  ii.  p.  241. 

Above  black,  with  wbito  striatioua  ;  wings  uud  tail  blnck,  edged 
with  white;  vertical  patch  white,  aurmounted  by  a  tbip  black 
tcest;  aitios  of  head  bluck :  beneath  white,  striated  with  blncfc  on 
the  breast  and  throat ;  under  wing-coverts  while ;  bill  reddish, 
tipped  with  black:  feet  black :  whole  lunglb  4-4  inches,  wing  2-2. 
tall  2.     Fcmak  similar,  but  ctesl  not  so  long. 

Hub.  Peru. 

b.  2  ad.  sic 

c.  (S  ad.  Bk. 

d.  J  ad.  sk. 

e.  (J  ad,  sk. 
/.  Jr.  6k. 


Areqiiipa,  Peru  ( Wfiitd;/). 


Calanudoa  Valley,  S.W.  Peru 

[WAiM'j). 
Chain,  Peru  (Slohniann). 
Lima,  Puru  {Jfalion). 

4.  AiuBretes  flavirostru. 


Anwretesflsviroslris,  Scl.  rt  Sah.  P.  Z.  S.  18711,  p.  355,  et  1679, p.  CIS ; 
Set.  el  Suds.  Ary.  Om.  i.  p.  142. 

Above  brownish  olivo ;  head  black  mised  with  white,  and  sur- 
mounted by  narrow,  elongated,  black  creBl-feathera :  wings  blaekiah, 
with  broad  white  tips  to  the  coverts  and  margius  to  iho  out«r 
aecondaries  ;  tail  blackish,  outer  web  of  external  rectrix  whitish  : 
beneath  pale  straminoous  ;  throat  and  breast  white,  densely  striated 
with  black ;  audcr  wing-coverts  white  ;  bill  yellowish,  wilk  a  bUck 
tip  ;  feet  black  :  whole  length  4-2  inches,  wing  2-1,  tail  2. 

Uah.  Bolivia  ftud  Northern  La  Plata, 

This  species  is  most  like  A.  jniruhin  in  general  appearance,  but 
at  once  distinguishable  by  its  yellow  bilL 


a.  Ad.  ak. 
6,  r.  Ad.  sk. 
d.  Ad.  sk. 


Sclater  Coll. 
SolviD-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godiuan  CoU. 


Uosquin,  Cordova,  rup.  Ar^. 
(  WhUf). 

5,  Anffiretes  agilis. 
Euaeaithmne  agilis,  Sclat,^,  P.  Z.  .V.  I-^G,  p.  28,  pi.  118. 
Anffireles  agilis,  Vab.  et  Ueia.  Mw.  Jlrin.  li,  p,  Hi  ;  &-1,  Cat..  A.  3. 

p.  212;  ad. et  Sell'.  yinaeiKl.  p. 47 i  Tucx.   Orn.  I'ir.  a.   p.242[ 

Tacz.  et  Btrl.  P.  Z.  8.  1835,  p.  69  (Ecuador). 

Above  olive-brown,  striated  with  blackish ;  head  subcrcated, 
black  ;  lores  and  snporoiliarj'  stripes  varied  with  white ;  wings  and 
tail  blackish  brown,  with  slight  paler  margins;  beneutli  pulestrami- 


42.   CTANOTIS. 


109 


neons,  throat  and  breast  with  narrow  black  striations  ;  under  wing- 
coverts  pale  yellow ;  bill  black,  reddish  at  the  base ;  feet  dark 
flesh-oolour :  whole  length  5  inches,  wing  2'2^  tail  2*8. 

Bab.  Colombia. 

The  long  tail  and  lengthened  tarsi  at  once  distinguish  thb 
ipecies,  which  might  well  be  generically  separated,  but  is  certainly 
closely  allied  to  Anoeretes, 


a.  Ad.sk. 

h.  Ad.  sk. 
e.  Ad.  sk. 


Bogota. 

Bogota. 
Bogota. 


Sclater  Coll.     (Type 

of  the  species.) 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


Subfamily  III.  ELAINEIN^. 

In  the  Elaineina  or  Olive-Tjrrants  the  bill,  instead  of  being  ex- 
panded laterally  and  much  bristled,  as  in  the  Platyrhynchince^  is 
compressed,  and  in  most  cases  very  sparingly  provided  with  rictal 
Betse.  The  feet  are  feeble,  the  wings  generally  short,  and  the  struc- 
ture is  generally  adapted  for  arboreal  life. 

The  general  colour  of  these  birds  is  of  olive-green  and  sombre 
brown,  in  conformity  with  that  of  the  deuse  forests  to  which  they 
mostly  resort.  But  the  bright-tinted  and  reed-frequenting  Cyanotis 
is  aberrant  both  in  colour  and  habits. 

The  Elaineince  are  distributed  over  the  whole  of  the  Neotropical 
Begion,  one  species  only  (Omithion  imherhe)  having  been  as  yet 
ascertained  to  occur  within  the  limits  of  the  Nearctic  Region. 

Index  to  the  Genera, 


42.  Cyandtis,  p.  109. 

43.  MiONSCTES,  p.  111. 

44.  Lgeptopooon,  p.  114. 

45.  Capsiempis,  p.  120. 

46.  Phyllomyias,  p.  121. 

47.  Myiopatis,  p.  123. 

48.  OKJjrTHiON,  p.  125. 

49.  Tyrannull'S,  p.  128. 

50.  Tybanniscus,  p.  130. 

51.  Ejlainea,  p.  13o. 


52.  Empidagba,!).  154. 

53.  Legatus,  p.  155. 

54.  Sub  LEGATUS,  p.  157. 

55.  Myiozetktes,  p.  159. 

56.  Rhynchocyclus,  p.  165. 

57.  CoNOPiAS,  p.  173. 

58.  PiTANGUS,  p.  174. 

59.  SiRYSTES,  p.  181. 

GO.  Myiodynastes,  p.  182. 


42.  CYANOTIS. 


Type. 


Cyanotis,  Sw.  Class,  B,  ii.  p.  243  (1837)    C.  azarae. 

Tachuris,  Lafr,  et  cTOrb,  i^n,  Av.  i.  p.  55  (1837)     C.  azarae. 

In  Cyanotig  the  constriction  of  the  bill  and  the  smoothness  of 
the  rictus  are  carried  to  an  extreme  which  is  unparalleled  among 
other  TyrannidcB  ;  and  although  there  is  little  doubt  that  the  affini- 
ties of  Cyanotic  are  with  this  family,  it  is  certainly  a  most  anomalous 
form,  both  in  structure  and  colour,  and  must,  I  think,  eventually 
be  allowed  the  rank  of  a  distinct  subfamily.    For  the  present,  I 


110  TrRiKSIDi. 

place  it  at  one  end  of  the  Blaiwint,  where  it  is  certdnly  more 
naturally  Btationed  tian  with  the  PlatiirliyHeJiinir. 

Ci/anotia  is  found  only  in  the  recd-bodfl  of  the  tfimporate  portitHl 
of  South  America. 


1 .  Cyanotis  azare. 

El  rev,  Azara,  Ajnitit.  ii.  p.  72. 

Sylvm  rubimstra,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Did.  ».  p.  277  (1817);  iJ.  Ene. 
Mm.  ■p.  480. 

"ReguluB  MMfB,  Lic/a.,"  Naum.  FSir.  DeuttcU.  ai.  p.  (X\S  (182S). 

Begdiis  omnicolor,  Vieitt.  Oal.  Ou.  i.  p.  271,  pL  166  (1825). 

Hegulua  byronenHia,  J.  E.  Oray,  in  Ortff.  Anim.  K\ngd.  ii.  p.  42. 

Tnclmria  omnicolor,  Lofr.  ft  d  Orb.  Syn,  Av.  L  p.  55. 

Tachuris  nibngaatra,  ^Orb.  Vo^.,  Oii.  p.  33.1. 

CyanotiB  omnicolor,  Bp.  Con^.  i,  p.  165 ;  Duruf.  Ibis,  1877,  p.  34, 
et  1878,  p.  39fi  (rep.  Arg.)- 

Cyanotis  azarw,  Oib.  ft  Bein.  Mm.  Htin.  ii.  p.  64 ;  Sd.  Ort.  A.  B. 
p.  212 ;  id.  P.  Z.  8. 1800,  p.  GO,  et  1887,  pp.  327, 338 ;  8ei.  et  Salv. 
P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  169 ;  ud.  Nommcl.  p.  47 ;  Taa.  P.  Z.  8.  1874, 
p.  635,  et  1879,  p.  233 ;  «.  Om.  PSr.  ii.  p.  243 ;  Darnf.  Ibit,  167a 
p.  160,  et  1877,  p.  177  (rep.  Atr-);  Gibaim,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  32 
hep.  Aitt.)i  WAtte,  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  30  (rep.  Arg.);  Salr. 
P.  Z.  8.  168S,  p.  423  (Chili) ;  Sarrotci,  Still.  Nutt.  Om.  CI.  viiL 
p.  200  (Eulteiioa) ;  Set.  ri  Hudtan,  Arg.  Om.  i.  p.  142. 

Above  dark  bronij-  green  ;  head  black :  Bupereiliarioa  yellow ; 
vortical  spot  crimson  ;  winRS  black,  broad  tips  of  tho  lesser  wing- 
coverte  and  broad  edgings  of  Home  of  the  secondaries  white,  forming 
a  large  white  bar  on  the  wing ;  tail  black,  greater  part  of  outer 
pair  of  rcctrices,  oaUir  woh,  and  broad  tip  of  nest  pair  and  narrow 
tips  of  third  pair  white  :  honeath  bright  oohraceoua  yellow ;  chin 
whitish  ;  crissum  crimson  ;  incomplete  band  across  the  lower  breast 
black  :  nnder  wiug-coverts  white :  bill  black ;  feet  dark  fleah- 
colonr;  whole  length  4'2  inches,  wing  2'5,  tail  1-7.  Female 
Bimilar. 

Hah.  La  Plata,  Chili,  and  Western  Pern, 


a,h.  cT  9  nd.  sL    Buenos  Ayres  (  White). 


:.  (f  ad.  sk. 

H.  2  ad.  sk. 

e.  Ad,  Bk. 
/  2  ad.  sk. 
g.  5  ad.  ak. 
A.  Ad.  sk. 
■i-k.  Ad.  sk. 
l-m.  Ad.  ak. 
H.  Ad.  8k, 
'•.  Ad.  ak. 


^nlvin-Godman  Coll. 


Conchitas,  13uonoa  Ayres  {Hud-     SalTin-Godnmn  Coll. 

CoDcbitas,     BuenoB     Ay  res 

(ffurfwn). 
Punln  Lnrn,  Buenns  Ayres. 
Rio  NepTO  of  Patagonia. 
Coquimbo,  Chili  (Markhatn). 
Chili  (Peed). 
Chili. 
Chili. 

Lima,  Peru  (A'ctimj). 
■S.  America. 


SclaterColL 

C.  Dumford  [C], 
W.  Hudson  [C.J. 
SaJvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sslvin-Godman  OolL 
ScUter  ColL 
Purchased. 
Selater  Coll. 
Sdaler  Coli. 


43.   MIOITBCTBB.  Ill 


43.  KIONECTES. 

Tyj)e. 
MionecteB,  Cab.  Wiegm,  Arch,  1844,  pt.  i.  p.  275  ....  M.  striaticollis. 
Fipromorpha,  Bp,  {ex  MS,  Shtff.),  Ann,  d,  Sc,  Nat,  Zod, 
ToL  L  p.  134  (1854) M.  olea^neus. 

In  this  little  groap  of  two  sectioDS,  both  of  which  are  widely 
diffused  over  the  tropical  portions  of  the  Neotropical  Region,  the 
bill  is  much  constricted,  and  the  rictus  very  smooth,  the  setsD  being 
small  and  inoonspicuous.  The  tarsi  are  short  and  feeble  ;  and  the 
divifflons  of  the  anterior  scutella  are  generally  well  apparent. 

Key  to  the  Species, 

A.  Abdomen  vellowish. 

{Head  more  or  less  cinereous    1.  striaticollis^  p.  111. 

Head  olive  like  the  back 2.  olivaceus,  p.  112. 

B.  Abdomen  rufous. 

iHead  olive 3.  oleagineiiSy  p.  112. 

Head  grey 4.  rufiverUris,  p.  114 

1.  Hionectes  striaticollis. 

Musdcapa  striaticollis,  cPOrb.  et  Lafr.  ^n.  Av.  i.  p.  61. 

Muscicapara  striaticollis,  cPOrb.  Voy.j  Ois.  p.  S'2ii,  pi.  36.  fig.  2. 

Mionectes  striaticollis,  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  187  ;  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  la,  213 ; 
Scl.  et  Salt.  P.  Z.  S.  1804,  p.  368, 1868,  p.  628, 1879,  pp.  612,  613  j 
lid,  Nomend,  p.  47;  Later.  Ann.  Lye,  N,  Y.  vii.  p.  328;  Tacz, 
RZ,S,  1874,  p.  635,  1879,  p.  2:33,  et  1882,  p.  19;  id.  Dm, 
PSr,  ii.  p.  244 ;  Berl.  et  Tacz.  P.  Z,  S.  1884,  p.  296,  et  1886,  pp.  90, 
115, 120. 

Mionectes  poliocephalus,  Tsch.  Faun.  Per,,  Om,  p.  148,  pi.  10.  fig.  1. 

Above  olive-green  :  wings  and  tail  ashy  brown,  edged  with  olive ; 
head  grey  :  beneath  yellowish,  striated  with  dark  green  ;  throat  dark 
cinereous,  with  white  striations ;  middle  of  belly  yellow ;  under 
wing-coverts  pale  yellowish ;  inner  margins  of  wing-feathers  pale 
rufous  :  bill  and  feet  brown  :  whole  length  5  inches,  wing  2-9,  tail 
2*3.     Female  similar. 

Hab.  Bolivia,  Peru,  and  Colombia. 

0,  b.  Ad.  sk.  Tilotilo,     Yungas,     Bolivia        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Buckley). 
c  Ad.  sk.  Tilotilo,     Yungas,     Bolivia        Sclater  Coll. 

(Bitckley). 

d,  Jr.  sk.  Tamiapanipa,    Peru    (Stolz-        Sclater  Coll. 

mann). 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Medellin,  U.  S.  C.  {Salmon^         Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
/.  Ad.  sk.               Santa      Elena,      Antioquia,        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

U.  S.  C.  {Salfnon), 

g.  Ad.  sk.  Santa  Elena,  Antioquia.  Salmon  [C.]. 

h,  i.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

j.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  CoU. 

k.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Purchased. 


112  TTaABKlDJ!. 

2.  Kionectes  oliraceog. 

Mionectes  olivaceuB,  Diirr.  Ann.  L.  X.  1'.  in.  p,  1 11  (imS) ;  f  Vonte. 
J./.  0.  iSOil,  0.307;  Salr.  P.Z.fi.  1670,  p.  liMl;  SiL  tt  Sah. 
Namenel.  p.  4,,  ;  idrfow,  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  vi.  p,  414 ;  Btrl.  et  Tacz. 

P.Z.S.  im.-p.  115. 

Mionectes  striaticoUie,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1S69,  p.  144,  et  1860,  p.  03 
{Ecuador). 

Above  olive-green  :  wingH  and  tiii]  bluckish,  edged  with  olive : 
bciiestJi  yellowiflh,  with  numeroua  green  striations ;  middle  of  belly 
not  striated ;  under  wing-coverta  yellowiBh  ;  inner  weba  of  remiges 
mfous  ;  bill  dark,  with  curneous  baae ;  feet  brown  :  whole  length 
5  inehes,  wing  2'9,  tail  2'3.     Female  aimilur. 

Hab.  Coetu  Kica,  Veragua,  Ecuador,  Colombia,  and  Venezuela. 

Id  Colombia  and  Ecuador  this  form  grades  into  M.  gtriaticjiHis, 
and  it  is  difficult  to  decide  under  which  head  to  place  some  of  the 
BpecimeoB. 


fl.  Ad.  Bit. 
b.  Ad.  ek. 

rf.  5  ad',  sk. 

e,/.  Ad.  sk. 
g,  h.  Ad.  ak. 
I.  ij  ad.  dk. 
j.  (f  ad.  ak. 

k,l.  cf  gild,  si 
m.  Ad.  sk. 
n,  0.  Ad.  ak. 
p.  Ad.  ek. 

».'  Ad.  ak. 
I.  ^  ad.  tk. 


Guenn  Viata,  Costa  Riwt  (Car- 

miol). 
Barranca,   Costa    Hica    (Car- 

mial). 
Chitra,  VeraBpa  (Arcf). 
Calovevora,  Vetagua  (vlrc^). 
Veragua  (Arr^. 
Veragua  (Arc4). 
Vole  of  Chiriqui  {AreS), 
Lion     Hill     St.,     Panama 

( AfcLfamiaii). 
PnllntnngH,  Ecuador  (JVomr). 
Pallntanga,  Ecuador  (Fraarr). 
Jitna,  Ecuador  (BuekJei/). 
Saravacu,  Ecuador  {Buckle;/'). 
Bogota. 

San      EatebBa,       Venpzuela 

(Ooerini/). 
San      Egteban,      Venezuela 

{Ooa-inff). 


Salvia -Godman  Coll, 

Salvin-Godnian  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  CoU. 
Salvin-ftodman  Coll. 
Sclater  CoU. 
O.  Salvin,  l-:fiq.  fp.], 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sttlvin-Qodman  Coll. 

Sdater  Coll. 
Jardine  CoU. 
SaUin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  CoU. 
Purchased. 
Sclater  CoU. 

Salviii-Godman  CoU. 


3.  Hionectes  oleaginens. 

Muacicapa  oleaginea,  Li'v/il.  D-iuhl.  p.  56. 

Mionectee  oleagineua,  Cub.  in  T'ch.  Faun.  Per.,  Oi-n.  p.  148 ;  Bimn. 
Sytt.  Ucb.  ii,  p.  482 ;  Bp.  Coup.  i.  p.  187 ;  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1866, 
p;  2fle,  1868,  p,  71,  1860,  p.  46,  et  1860,  p.  283;  id.  Cat.  A.  B. 
p.  213  i  Taylor,  IbU,  1864,  p.  86 ;  SW.  rf  Sah'.  P.  Z.  S.  1868, 
p.  188,  18fi7.  pp.  677,  7fil,  078, 187.%  p.  278,  et  1879,  pp.  612,  618 ; 
iid.  NotnaiH.  p.  47  ;  Sale.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  147,  et  1870,  p.  196  j 
id.  Ibif,  1886,  p.  29.1  (Brit.  Guiana) ;  inwr.  Atai.  L.  K  I',  ix. 

g).  80.  Ill  i  Fnmls.  J./.  0. 1866,  p.  307 ;  iWs.  Oifi.  Brat.  p.  104  j 
nyorrf,  Ibii,  1873,  p.  382 ;  Boucard,  P.  Z.  &  1878,  p.  03  ;  Tarn. 
P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  19 ;  id.  Om.  P(r.  ii.  p.  246 ;  Bidj/n:.  P.  U.S.  A'. 
JVf.  vi.  p.  402 !  BerLet  Taa.  P.  Z.  S.  Ie83,  p.  553,  et  1885,  p.  66; 
Berl.  J./.  0.  1884,  p,  290. 


43.   MI0HBCIB8. 


113 


Pinromorpha  oleaginea,  Cab,  et  Hein,  Mm,  Hein,  ii.  p.  65. 

Mionectee  assimilis,  Sd,  P.  Z.  S,  1869,  pp.  46,  46,  366 ;  u/.  Ibis. 
1859,  p.445;  u/.  Cat,  A,  B,  y,  213;  Scl,  et  Salv.  Ibis,  1869, 
p.  124 ;  ua.  P,  Z,  S,  1870,  p.  837  ;  Later,  Ann.  L,  N,  Y,  vii.  p.  328, 
tt.  p.  Ill  ;  Franit,  J,f,  0, 1869,  p.  307. 

Above  uniform  olive-green ;  wings  and  tail  blackish  with  olive 
edgings :  beneath  rather  lighter,  abdomen  yellowish  rufous  ;  under 
wing-coverts  ochraceous ;  bill  cameous,  base  of  lower  mandible  and 
ibet  brown  :  whole  length  5  inches,  wing  2*7,  tail  2*1.  Female 
similar. 

Hah.  GKiatemala  and  Central  and  South  America  down  to  Ama- 
Kmia  and  S.E.  Brazil. 

I  have  formerly  separated  the  rather  paler  Central-American 
form  as  M,  asnmtlis,  but  the  di£ference  is  hardly  appreciable  in  many 


a.  Ad.  sL 
k  Ad.  sk. 
e.  Adsk. 

d.  Ad.  sk. 

e.  Ad.  sk. 
/.  Ad.  sk. 
y.  Ad.  sk. 

k  Ad.  sk. 
i  Ad.  sk. 
j,  (S  &d.  sk. 
k.  Ad.  sk. 
/.  Ad.  sk. 
m.  $  ad.  sk. 
M.  Ad.  sk. 
0,  Ad.  sk. 
p,q,  d?  ad. 
sk. 


a.  Ad.  sk. 
h.  Ad.  sk. 

c.  Ad.  sk. 

d.  Ad.  sk. 

e.  Ad.  sk. 
/  Ad.  sk. 
g.  ^  ad.  sk. 
k,  tS  sd.  sk. 

i.  $  ad.  sk. 

j,  A.  cJ  ?  ad. 

sk. 
L  Ad.  sk. 
m.  Ad.  sk. 
n-r.  Ad.  sk. 
$,  Ad.  sk. 

VOL.  XIV. 


a.  Subsp.  assimilis, 

Mexico  (?). 
Behze  {Blancaneaux), 
Cohan,  Vera  Paz  {Salvin). 
Coban,  Vera  Paz  {Salvin). 
Coban,  Vera  Paz  (Salom). 
Retalideu,  Guatemala  (Saltan), 
Vole,  de  Agua,  Guatemala  (Sal- 
vin), 
Guatemala. 
Vera  Paz. 

Guiatic,  Costa  Rica  (Carmiol). 
Turrialba,  Costa  Kica  {ArcS). 
Calovevora,  Veragua  {Ai'c^). 
Santa  F6,  Veragua  (Aj'c^). 
Chiriqui  (ArcS), 
Panama  (Hughes). 
Panama  (McLeannan). 

b.  Subsp.  typica. 

Bogota. 

Bogota. 

Bogota. 

Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley). 

Pebas,  E.  Peru  (Hawxwell). 

Chamicuros,  E.  Peru  (HawTtceO). 

Koraima,British  GuiAna(  Whitely), 

Merum^    Mts.,  British    Guiana 

(  Whitely), 
Camacusa,     British     Guiana 

(Whitely). 
Bajrtica   Grove,  British  Guiana 

(  Whitely), 
Cayenne. 
Tobago  (Kirk). 
Tobago  (^iVA;). 
Para,  Lower  Amazons  (  Wallace), 


Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Tweeddale  CoU. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Gould  Coll. 
O.  Salvin  [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Gould  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  ColL 

Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
JardineOoU. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
I 


tt.  Ad.  Bk. 
X.  Ad.  sk. 
V.  Ad.  ek. 
s,  a*.  Ad.  et 


TTBUmiDX. 


Para  (Layard). 
Quia,  Rio  Negro  (  WaUar«\ 
Borba,  R  Madeira  [Nattera 
Bahia,  BTaiil  (  WtLckerer). 
Bohia,  Brazil. 


BraziL 


Tweeddale  Col 
SnlTiD-Godma 
SclaUr  ColL 
Salvin-Oodma 
SclaUr  Coll. 
Sclater  CoR 
Purchased. 


4.  Kionectes  rnfiventru. 

HuadCBpa  nifiveDtria,  Licht.  in  Mta.  Berot. 

Mionectes  rufii-entria,  Cab.  in  TtrOi.  F.  P.,  Ave»,  p.  148 ;  Burn 
Ueb.  a.  p.  482;  id.  La-Plata  Seise,  ii.  p.  454;  Peb.  Om 
p.  104 ;  Set.  it  Sah.  Nomemi.  p.  47 ;  Berl.  et  Jker.  Zdttc 
Om.  1886,  p.  131. 

Above  olive-green,  whole  head  washed  with  cinereous ;  win 
tail  blackish  brown,  with  yellowish-olive  edgings :  beneath, 
pale  cinereous,  abdomen  ocbraceoos  rufous ;  bill  dark,  cnme 
the  base ;  feet  pale  brown  ;  whole  length  6  inches,  wing  2-7,  U 
Ftmatt  Bimilar. 

ffab.  S.E.  Brazil  and  N.  La  Plata. 

Only  different  from  M.  oUagintus  in  il«  grey  throat  and  he 


a.  6  *A.  ak. 
6.  dad.ek. 

Curjtiba,  Brazil  (batterer.) 
I'elotM,  Hio  Grande  do  Sul 

ScUter  Coll. 
Solvin-Oodma 

c.  Ad.  sk. 

d.  Ad.  sk. 

(Jouner). 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 

Gould  Colt. 
Zool.  Soc.  Coll 

44.  LSFT0P060M*. 

Leptopogon,  Ca6.  Wiegm.  Arck.  1844,  pt.  i.  p.  275. . 


44.  LBPiopoeoH.  115 

b.  Cm>  oirowu : 

leap  darker  brown 6.  pileatus,  p.  lia 

I  cap  lighter  brown 6.  amaurocephalus,  p.  117. 

e.  Cap  darkish  olive 7.  tristis,  p.  118. 

d.  Cai^p  olive,  like  the  back. 

I  Laiger ;  cheeks  yellow 8.  oustaletty  p.  118. 

I  Smaller;  cheeks  olivaceous 9.  JUtvovirens,  p.  119. 

R  Breast  rufous  j  no  bkck  front    10.  erMrops,  p.  119. 

O.  Jkeut  greyish  white ;  front  black 11.  ntgrifrons,  p.  119. 

1.  Leptopogon  snperciliaris. 

Leptopogon  superdliaris,  Cab,  in  Tach,  Faun,  Per,  p.  161,  pi.  10. 

hg.^',  Bp,  Consp.  i.  p.  186;  Sclater,  P.  Z,  S.  1858,  p.  71,  et  1860, 

^e9;  id.  Cat,  A,  B,  p.  214;  Scl,  et  Salv.  NomencL  p.  47  ;  iid. 

P.  Z,  8, 1879,  n.  613;  8alv,  P,  Z.  S,  1870,  p.  197  ;  id.  Ibis,  1870, 

p.  116 ;  Tacz,  P,  Z,  S.  1874,  p.  686,  et  1882,  p.  19 ;  id,  Om,  Pir,  ii. 

p.  246 ;  Tacz,  et  Berl,  P,  Z,  8.  1885,  pp.  68,  89. 
Leptopogon   poliocephalus,    Cab,  et    Uein,  Mus,  Hein,  ii.   p.  66 

(Bogota). 
Leptopogon  auritus.  Tan,  PZ.S,  1874,  pp.  134,  636,  et  1882,  p.  19. 
Leptopogon  superciliaris  transandeanus,  Berl,  et  Tacz,  P,  Z,  8,  i883, 

p.  537,  et  1886,  p.  122. 

Above  olive-green  ;  cap  dark  cinereous ;  lores,  superciliaries,  and 
eye-region  whitish ;  ear-coverts  black ;  wings  blackish,  broad  tips  of 
the  two  rows  of  wing-coverts  ochraceous  yellow,  forming  two 
distinct  bands ;  edges  of  remiges  yellowish  ;  tail  dark  ashy,  with 
slight  indications  of  darker  transverse  rays,  margined  with  olive : 
beneath  pale  lemon-yellow,  throat  greyish,  breast  and  flanks  some- 
what olivaceous  ;  under  wing-coverts  pale  yellow,  inner  margins  of 
remiges  bufiy  white ;  bill  dark  plumbeous;  feet  brown :  whole  length 
4*6  inches,  wing  2*8,  tail  2*5.     Female  similar. 

Hah.  Ck)sta  Eica,  Veragua,  Colombia,  Ecuador,  Peru,  and 
Bolivia. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Costa  Rica  (Carmiol),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

i,  c.  (J  2  ad.  sk.  Calovevora,  Veragua  (ArcS).  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

d.  Ad.  m:.  Vole,  of  Chiriqui  (Arte),  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Chiriqui  (Arc4).  Sclater  Coll. 

f.  Ad.  sk.  Balzar  Mnts.,  Ecuador  {II-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

linfftcorth), 

g.  $  ad.  sk.  Pallatanga,  Ecuador  {Fraser).    Sclater  Coll. 

h.  Ad.  sk.  Saravacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

i;,  Ad.  sk.  Rio  Napo.  Sclater  Coll. 

j.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota,  Sclater  Coll. 

k.  Ak.  sk.  Bogota.  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

Ij  m.  Ad.  sk.  Huambo,  Peru  {8tohmann),  Sclater  Coll. 

ft.  Ad.  sk.  Kawarani,  Bolivia  {Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  ColL 


2.  Leptopogon  minor. 

Leptopogon  minor,  Tacz.  P,  Z,  8.  1879,  p.  233 ;  id.  Om.  P6r,  ii. 
^'       *  I  2 


116  TTSAnKIDX. 

Similar  to  L.  tuperdUarU,  but  smaller  in  size,  and  head  not  t 
dark :  whole  length  4  inches,  ving  2'4,  tail  2-1. 
ffab.  Pern. 

d.  $  ad.  all.  Tamhillo,  Peru  (Stokmami).  Sdater  Coll 

3.  Leptopogon  p(BCilotiB, 
LeptopogoD  pcecilotia,  S:later,  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  Ill ;  id.  Cat  A.  . 
p.  360;  Scl.et  Sain.  Nontend.  p.  47;  nrf.  T.Z.S.  1879,  p.  61: 
Tora.  et  Berl.  P.  Z.  S  1885,  pp.  68,  89. 

Above  olive-green ;  cap  plumbeous ;  lores  and  sides  of  ha 
whitish ;  ear-oovertB  black,  with  basal  half  white ;  wings  blackis 
with  olive  margins  to  the  remiges,  and  the  wiug-covert^  broad 
tipped  with  ocjiraceons  yellow,  forming  two  cross  bands  (as 
L.  »uperw7iari«) ;  tail  brown,  with  slight  olivaceous  edgings:  b 
Death  nearly  uniform  pale  yellow,  with  slight  olivaceous  tinge,  ai 
greyish  on  the  chin ;  bill  brown,  lower  mandible  white ;  feet  pa 
brown :  whole  length  4'7  inches,  wing  2'3,  tail  2'2.  Fema 
(probably)  similar. 

Ifah.  Colombia. 

Distingutshod  from  L.  supereiliara  by  its  smaller  size,  the  absen 
of  white  superciliaries,  and  the  pale  lower  mandible. 

0,6.  Ad.Bk.    B.^la.  SclalerColl.    (Tyt 

of  the  species.) 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Salvin-Oodman  Ct 
1^.  Ad.  ak.         Concordia,  Aotioquia  {Salmon).           Sclater  CoU. 

4.  Leptopogon  godmani. 
Leptopogou  godmani,  Sd.  P.  Z.  S.  1887,  p.  48. 


44.    LEPTOPOGON.  117 

id.  Cat.  A,  B.  p.  213 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Ibis,  1860,  p.  399  (Guatemala) ; 
ud.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  368. (Panama). 
Leptopogon  pileatus,  Cab.  J.  /.  O.  1865,  p.  414  (Guatemala) ;  Salv. 
lbi$,  1869,  p.  319;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  197  (Veragua). 

Above  olive-green  ;  whole  cap  dark  chocolate-brown,  lores  paler ; 
wings  and  tail  blackish  brown,  with  ochraceous  tips  to  the  wing- 
coverts  (forming  a  doable  cross-band)  and  more  or  less  yellowish- 
olive  edgings  to  the  other  feathers :  beneath  yellowish  olive,  clearer 
on  the  belly;  under  wing-coverts  yellowish;  inner  margins  of 
remiges  ochraceous ;  biU  dark  plumbeous ;  feet  brown :  whole 
length  5  inches,  wing  2*7,  taU  2*5.     Female  similar. 

Hob.  Southern  Mexico  and  Central  America  down  to  Panama. 

a.  $  ad.  sk.  Oaxaca,  Mex.  (Boucard).  Sclater  Coll. 

h,  e.  Ad.  sk.  Choctum,  Vera  Paz  (Salvin).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Vera  Paz.  O.  Salvin  [C.]. 

€.  Ad.  sk.  Vera  Paz  (Salvin).  Tweeddale  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Honduras.  Sclater  Coll. 

^.  $  ad.  sk.  Valza,  Costa  Rica  (Carmiol).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

k.  $  ad.  sk.  Calovevora,  Veragua  (Arc^).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

f.  Ad.  sk.  •  San  Pablo  Stn.,  Panama  {Salvin).      Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


6.  Leptopogon  amanrocephalus. 

Leptoj^gon  amaurocephala.   Cab.    Wiegm.  Arch.  1847,  i.   p.  251; 

td.  tn  Tsch.  Faun.  Fer.,  Om.  p.  162  ;  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  Iw5 ;  Cab. 

et  Hein,   Mm.   Hein.    ii.    p.    55  ;   Lawr.   Ann.   L.   N.    Y.   vii. 

p.  328;  Pelz.  Om.  Bras.  p.  104;  Salv.  Ibis,  1885,  p.  293  (Brit. 

Guiana) ;   Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.   567,   et   1873,   p.   278 

(E.  Peru) ;  iid.  Namencl.  p.  47 ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.S.  1874,  p.  53. 
Euscarthmus  amaurocephalus,  Burm.  Syst.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  491. 
Leptopogon  peruvianas,  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  757,  et  1873, 

p.  278;  iid.  Noniencl.  p.  47;  Ridgiv.  P.  U.  S,  N.  M.  iv.  p.  176; 

Tacz.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  248. 

Similar  to  L.  pileatus,  but  rather  smsdler,  and  the  cap  of  a 
lighter  brown. 

Hab.  Brazil,  Guiana,  and  E.  Peru. 

It  is  difficult  to  keep  the  Guianan  examples  of  this  species 
separate  from  L.  pileatus,  but  the  head  is  rather  paler  in  colour. 
The  skin  upon  which  L.  peruvianus  was  based  is  small  in  dimen- 
sions, but  the  tint  of  the  brown  head  is  exactly  that  of  Guianan 
specimens,  and  intermediate  between  that  of  L.  pileatus  and 
L.  amaurocephalus. 

a.  Subs^.  peruviana. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Chyavetas,  E.  Peru  {Bartlett).         Sclater  Coll.    (Type 

of  L.  peruvianus.) 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Nauta,  Upper  Amazons.  E.  Bartlett  [C.]. 
Cjd.  S  bA.]        Roraima, British Guiana(fF^Wte/y).   Salvin-Godman  ColL 

e.  $  ad.  sk. 
f.  cJ  ad.  sk.        Koraima  British  Guiana(fF^'^/y).  Sclater  Coll. 


g.  $  ad.  fik. 


TTBABniSA 


Merum^  Mta.,  British  Quiana 


SalviD-Godmftn  Co: 


a.  (}  ad.  sk. 
fr.  Ad.  sk. 
c.  Ad.  sk. 


b.  Subsp.  typiea. 

Ypanema,  Brazil  {Natterer). 
Bahia,  Bnzil(  TTucAerer). 
Pelotes,  Rio  Orande  do  Sul 

(Joyner), 
Penuunbuco,  Brazil  {Forhet). 


Sdater  CoU. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Co 


7.  Leptopogon  tristis. 

Leptopogon,  sp.  inc.,  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  214. 
Loptopogon  tristis,  Scl.  el  Sah.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  254,  et  185 
pp.  5W,  613  ;  WhiU,  P.  Z.  &  1882,  p.  606. 

Above  olive ;  cap  rather  darker ;  wings  and  tail  blackje 
margined  with  olive,  the  two  rows  of  wing-coverts  and  three  or  fo 
outer  secondaries  with  clear  yellowish-white  apical  spots ;  benea 
pale  Bolphur-yellow  ;  onder  wing-coverts  yellow  ;  inner  margins 
wing-feathers  whitish ;  bill  hom-oolour,  lower  mandible  pale 
feet  brown :  whole  length  4'4  inches,  wing  2'1,  tail  2'1. 

Hub.  Bolivia. 

The  wing-bands  are  clear  yellowish  in  this  speines,  and  i 
ochraceooB.  It  is  somewhat  doubtful  whether  specimen  a  is  rea 
the  same  as  b,  which  mast  be  regarded  aa  the  type.  Specimen  a 
probably  from  Yenozuela,  whence  there  ia  a  similar  skin  in  Graf 
Berlopsch's  coUeotion. 


44.   LEFTOPO€K)ir.  119 

9.  Leptopogon  flavovireiu. 

Tyrazmnla  flaTiveDtris,  Laior,  Ann,  L,  N,  Y,  vii  p.  328. 
Ijeptopogon  flaTovirenSi  Lawr,  op.  cit  p.  472  (1862). 

Above  bright  olive-green ;  crown  aniform ;  rim  round  the  eye 
and  spot  on  the  ear-coverts  yellow,  the  latter  margined  with 
blackish ;  wings  blackish ;  two  well-marked  bars  across  the  coverts 
pale  yellowish ;  primaries  narrowly  edged  with  olivaceous ;  tail 
cinereous  brown,  margined  with  olivaceous :  beneath  pale  sulphur- 
yellow;  throat  more  whitish;  sides  of  breast  tinged  with  oliva- 
ceous ;  under  wing-coverts  sulphur-yellow ;  bill  dark  brown  ;  base 
of  lower  mandible  pale ;  feet  blackish :  whole  length  4*2  inches, 
wing  2-2,  tail  2. 

ff<ib.  Panama. 

A  single  specimen  is  in  Mr.  Lawrence's  collection. 

10.  Leptopogon  erjrthrops.    (Plate  X.) 

Leptopogon  erythrops,  Sclater^  P.  Z.  S.  1862,  p.  Ill ;  id.  Cat,  A.  B, 
p.  360;  Scl,  et  Salv,  Nomencl.  p.  47;  iid.  P,  Z,  S,  1879,  p.  512; 
Taez,  et  Berl,  P.  Z,  S,  1885,  p.  89  (Ecuador). 

Above  olive ;  cap  plumbeous  ;  lores  rufous ;  wings  blackish,  with 
rufescent  apical  spots  on  the  coverts  and  margins  to  the  remiges : 
beneath,  throat  and  breast  rufous ;  belly  pale  sulphur-yellow ;  under 
wing-ooverts  and  inner  margins  of  remiges  clear  ochraceous ;  bill 
dark  hom-colour ;  feet  brown  :  whole  length  5-1  inches,  wing  2-6, 
tail  2'2.     Female  similar. 

Hob,  Colombia  and  Ecuador. 

An  unmistakable  species  from  its  clear  rufous  breast. 

a,  b.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll.   (Types 

of  the  species. ) 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Boeota.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Medellin,  Antioquia  {Salmon).     Sclater  Coll. 

e,f.   cJ  J  ad.  sk.      Santa  Elena,  Antioquia  {SaU      Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

mon), 

11.  Leptopogon  nigrifrons. 

Leptopogon  nigrifrons,  Salv,  et  Godm,  IhiSy  1884,  p.  446 ;  Salvin, 
Jtew,  1885,  p.  293. 

Above  bright  olive-green  ;  cap  cinereous ;  broad  and  distinct 
firontal  band  black,  with  a  slight  whitish  edging  before  and  behind 
it ;  wings  and  tail  black,  with  narrow  margins  of  bright  olive,  and 
a  row  of  bright  whitish-yellow  spots  on  the  coverts  of  the  secondaries 
and  outer  secondaries  themselves ;  the  coverts  of  the  primaries 
blackish :  beneath  greyish  white,  with  a  slight  yellowish  tinge  on 
the  flanks,  crissum,  and  under  wing-coverts ;  bill  black  ;  feet  brown  : 
whole  length  5*2  inches,  wing  2*5,  tail  2*5. 

Hob.  British  Guiana. 


TTBunriDA. 


The  bla4^  front  and  greylBh-white  under  surface  at  onC( 
tdngmsh  tim  well-marked  apeciea. 

a.  $ad.  Bk.     Roraimo,  Brituh  Qujana  ( IFAiVe^).    Salvin-Oodma 
CTTpe  of  the  sp 


45.  CAPSIBHHS.  ^ 

CapmempU,  Gib.  et  Hein.  Mui.  Sem.  ii.  p.  66  (18S9) C.  fl^ 

Captiempi*  fiavtola  ie  widely  diffosed  over  the  foreat-clad  [ 
the  Neotropical  Region  &om  Yeragua  to  S.E.  Brazil.  C.  or 
b  peculiar  to  Peru.  The  form  comes  near  Leptopagon,  hut 
broader  bill  and  rather  more  bristly  rictus.  In  colour  it  ie 
like  FhyUagaartut.     The  tail  is  long  and  rounded. 

Key  to  the  Speaiea, 

A.  Without  a  white  e;fe-TiDg  1.  Jtareola,  p. 

B.  With  B  whit«  eTS-nng 2.  orbitalu,  p 

1.  CapBiempia  flareola. 

Muscicapa  flaveola,  Licht.  DouM.n.  SO  (1823'). 

Muscipeta  flaveola.  Surm.  Sytt.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  488. 

Capsiempis  flaveola,  Cab.  et  Sem.  Mia.  Hein.  ii.  p.  56;  Si 
A.B.  p.  214;  Pth.  Om.  Brat.  p.  104;  Sd.  et  SoId.  Ne 
p.  47;  Oib.  J./.  0.  1874,  p.  88;  Berl.  ^  Tacz.  P.Z.8. 
pp.  537,  fi'"4,ptl8So,  p.m 

Platyrhynchus  flaviventris,  ijiii',  An.  Brat.  ii.  p.  12,  pi.  x». 


46.   PHTLLOMTIAS.  121 

i,  AcLsk.  BraziL  Purchased. 

/  Ad.  ak.  Bahia,  Brazil  (Wucherer).  Sclater  Coll. 

k.  Ad.  6k.  Bf^ua,  Braal  (  Wucherer),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

L  Ad.  ak.  BahifL  Branl.  Sclater  Coll. 

m,  Ik  Ad.  ak.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

o.  Ad.  ak.  Bolivia.  T.  Bridges  [C.]. 

2.  Capsiempis  orbitalis. 

Capaempia  orbitalis,  Cab.  J.f.  O.  1873,  p.  68 ;  Tacz.  P.  Z  S.  1874, 
p.  536;  id:  Om.  Pir.  iL  p.  260. 

Above  green,  beneath  yellow  mixed  with  greenish ;  crown  dark 
aahy  grey,  front  bright  whitish  mixed  with  yellowish  green  ;  cheeks 
yeUowiah  green  mixed  with  dark  olive-green  ;  a  row  of  milk-white 
feathers  round  the  eye,  and  behind  them  a  short,  obsolete,  whitish 
stripe;  tips  of  wing-coverts  whitish  yellow-green,  forming  two 
bands;  outer  secondaries  with  similar  outer  margins;  bill  above 
black,  beneath  pale  yellowish ;  feet  plumbeous :  whole  length  4 
inches^  wing  2-2,  tail  1"7.     (Cahanis.) 

Hob.  Central  Peru. 


46.  PHYLLOMYIAS  *.  ^ 

Phyllomyias,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  57  (1859)  .  P.  brevirostris. 

This  well-marked  little  group  is  remarkable  for  its  short  triangular- 
shaped  bill  and  the  great  feebleness  of  the  rictal  bristles.  The 
four  species  which  I  assign  to  it  are  all  from  S.E.  Brazil,  but  others 
are  aaid  to  occur  in  Peru. 

A.  Cap  olive  like  the  back : 

f  throat  grevish  white 1.  brevirostris^  p.  121. 

throat  yellowish  like  breast      2.  burmeisteri,  p.  122. 

B.  Cap  grey : 

il^i^r:  ends  of  wing-coverts  yellowish    ..  3.  ffriseocapillay'p.  122. 

smaller :  ends  of  wing-coverts  whitish ....  4.  berlepschi^  p.  12.3. 


1.  Phyllomyias  brevirostris. 

Platyrhynchus  brevirostris,  Spix,  Av.  Bras.  ii.  p.  13,  pi.  15.  £<;•.  2. 
Muscipeta  asilus.  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  894. 
Muscicapa  virescens,  Temm.  PL  Col.  275.  fig.  3. 
Tvranniua  virescens,  Temm.  Tabl.  M6th.  p.  27. 
Muscicapa  olivacea,  Lafr.  et  d'Orb.  Syn.  Av.  i.  p.  54. 
Muscicapara  boHviana,  dOrb.  Voy.y  Ois.  p.  328. 

*  I  am  not  acquainted  with  the  following  species  apparently  belonging  to 
this  genus : — 

1.  Phyllomyias  virescens,  Pelz.  Om.  Bras.  p.  105,  from  Brazil. 

2.  Phyllomyias  cristata,  Cab.  J.  f.  O.  1884,  p.  250. 

3.  Ph/lUmyius  cinereocapiila,  Cab.  J.  f.  O.  1873,  p.  67 ;   Tacz.  P.  Z.  S. 

1874,  p.  536 ;  id.  Om.  P6r.  u.  p.  251  (Peru). 


Leptopo^n  olivoceiu,  Bp.  Conap,  i.  p.  1> 

Muecicaps  ptudo,  lAcld.  m  Mu».  Berol. 

in.„ii — ^..  '•-BTirostrifl,  (5i6.  et  Hem. 

214 ;  Pek.  Orn.  Bras.  p.  105 ;  Sd.  tt  Sali.  Minenc 


PhvlloniTMB  brsTirostris,  Cb6.  et  Hem.  Mut.  Biin.  a.  p.  67 
Cat.  A.  B.  p."^  ■     "■     "        "  ,~-      ...     .^.      .. 


18S6,  p.  131. 

Above  olire-^ieen ;  oBiraw  front,  lores,  and  eye-regioa  whitisb 
wings  and  tail  dark  brown  with  olivaceous  edgings ;  the  ends  of  th 
wing-«overts  tighter  and  somewhat  ochraceous,  fomung  two  tram 
Terse  bands:  beneath  yoUow,  more  olivoceoos  on  the  breast;  tbrnt 
greyish  white ;  under  wing-coverts  pale  yellow ;  bill  and  fei 
hlaokiBh:  whole  length  4-7  inches,  wing  24,  tail  2-1.  Eema 
similar. 

Bah.  8.E.  BrazU. 

a,  b.  Ad.  sk.  S.E.  Brazil.  ScUter  Coll. 

c.  ^  nd.  ek.  Pelotss,  Rio  Grande  do  Salvin-Oodmui  Co, 

Sul  (jojffier). 

d.  Ad.  ek.  Brazil.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 


2.  Fbyllonqrias  burmeiatari. 

EHtunea  brevirostris,  Burm,  %»(.  Veb.  ii.  p.  470, 

FhyUomyias  burmeisteri,  CtA.  et  Hein.  Mtu.  Hein.  ii.  p.  57  ;  5 

'au.  A.  B.  p.  214 ;   Scl.  et  Salv.  Jfomencl  p.  48. 
Phyllomyiaa  subviridis,  Pelx.  Orn.  Brat.  p.  105. 

Above  similar  to  P.  breviroitria ;   beneath  of  a  nearly  unifor 

yellowish  ;  lower  mandible  lighter  brown, 
Hab.  S,E,  Brazil. 
I  have  compared  specimen  b  with  the  tvpe  of  P.  burmeUltri  in  tl 

Iterliii  Miiaciim,  and  hfllieve  them  to  \m  the  a.ime.     The  a 


47.   MTI0PATI8.  123 

lower  mandible  pale  brown :  whole  length  4*7  inches,  wing  2*3, 

tias-i. 

Hah.  &E.  BrasO. 

^  ft.  Ad.  8k.                           S.E.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

c  Ad.  ak.                                Brazil.  Jardine  Coll. 


4.  Fhyllomyiaa  berlepschL 

Phyllomyias  berlepechi,  Scl  P.  Z  S.  1887,  p.  49. 

Above  dark  cinereous,  back  tinged  with  olivaceous,  lores  whitish ; 
wings  and  tail  dark  cinereous,  tips  of  wiDg-coverts  and  narrow  outer 
BMigjnit  of  secondaries  whitish :  beneath  greyish  white,  with  a  slight 
wash  of  greenish,  except  on  the  throat  and  middle  of  the  belly ; 
under  wing-coverts  white  with  a  faint  yellowish  tinge ;  bill  dark 
Inrown ;  feet  black :  whole  length  4-2  inches,  wing  2-2,  tail  1*8. 

Hab.  8.£.  Brazil. 

Mnch  smaller  than  P.  griseocapiUa^  and  paler  above  and  below  ; 
also  without  the  yellowish  wing-edgings. 

0.  Ad.  sk.  Bahia.  Sclater  ColL    (Type  of  the  species.) 


47.  MYIOPATIS*. 

TjT)e. 
Myiopatis,  Cab,  et  Hein,  Mus,  Hein.  ii.  p.  68 M.  semifusca. 

These  birds,  which  I  have  previously  annexed  to  Phyllomyias^ 
certainly  differ  in  the  longer  and  more  compressed  bill,  and  had 
better,  perhaps,  be  kept  apart.  Their  range  is  over  the  forest-dad 
districts  of  South  America  down  to  S.£.  Brazil. 


Key  to  the  Species, 

A.  Browner  above ;  wiog-margins  whitish 1.  semifusca^  p.  12.*^ 

B.  Greyer  above ;  wing-margins  rufous     2.  tumoezana,  p.  124. 

1.  Myiopatis  semifusca. 

PhyDomyias  semifusca,  Scl  P.  Z.  5.  18G1,  p.  383,  pi.  xxxvi.  fig.  1  ; 
id.  Cat  A.  B.  p.  214 ;  Taylor,  Ibis,  1804,  p.  m ;  Scl  et  Salv, 
P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  677,  et  1868,  p.  168 ;  iid.  Nomencl  p.  48 ;  Layard, 
Ibis,  1873,  p.  382  (Para);  Salv.  et  Godm.  Ibis,  1879,  p.  20l  (S. 
Marta) ;  Forbei^,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  342  (Pemambuco)  ;  Salv.  Ibis,  1886, 
p.  293  (Br.  Guiana). 

Flatyrh^nchus  murinus,  Spix,  Av.  Bras.  ii.  p.  14,  t.  xvi.  fig.  2  (?). 

Myiopatis  incanescens,  Cab,  et  Hein,  Mus,  Hein,  iL  p.  68  \nec  Max,^ 
cf,  Berl  P,  Z.  S,  1883,  p.  664). 


•  Myiopatis  waytB,  Tac*.  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  19 ;  id.  Om.  P6r.  u.  p.  263,  from 
Peru,  is  not  known  to  me. 


124  iraAiraiDa. 

Above  biwniah  dnereous ;  lores  and  ocular  region  whi 
wings  and  tail  dark  cinereous,  edged  with  brownish  ;  broad  en 
wing-ooverte  (forming  two  bars)  and  outer  margins  of  ext 
secondaries  whitish,  often  tinged  witb  fulvons  :  beneath  dirty  w 
abdomen  and  nnder  wing-coverta  more  or  less  tinged  with 
yellowish ;  throat  white  ;  bill  dark  brown,  base  of  lower  man 
pale ;  feet  blackish :  whole  length  4-5  inches,  wing  2-3,  tail 
Female  similar. 

Bah.  Colombia,  Venezuela,  Guiana,  Lower  Amazonia, 
Eastern  Braril. 


a.  Ad.  sk. 

Santa  Maria,  U.S.  Colombia. 

ScUter  CoU. 

(TVpeofthespe 

&lvin-Godnian 

6.  Ad.  Bk. 

Atauqnes,    S.  N.    of   Santa 

MHrta  (Simotu). 

c.  Ad.  sk. 

Bogota. 

Sdater  CoU. 

J.  S  ad.  sk. 

Caracas,  Venezuela  <  Goering). 

Salvin-Godman 

-ilL^i'- 

Bortica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana 

Salvin-Godman 

Oyapok,  Cayenne  (JeUki). 

A.  d  jr.  sk. 
1.  ACsk. 

Sclater  ColL 

Surinam  {C..Bortf*«). 

Sclater  Coll. 

j.  Jad.sk. 

Meiiana,  AniazonB  ( Wallace'). 

Sslvin-Godman 

k.  Ad.  sk. 

Para  [Zai/ard). 

Sclaler  Coll. 

J.  $  ad.  sk. 

Para  (Laj/arct). 

m,  n.  d  ad. ;  0. 

Peniambuco,  BrazU  (Forbei) . 

Sclater  Coll. 

Jaist' 

,.,».  AAsk. 

Bahia,  Brazil. 

Salvin-Godman 

r.Ad.»k. 

Bahia,  Brazil 

Sekter  CoU. 

>.  Ad.  sk 

Bahia,  BmzU. 

Sudbury  Musei 

(.  Ad.  sk 

Ypanema,  San  Paulo  (Nat- 

terer). 
Bohria. 

Sclater  CoU. 

u.  Ad.  sk. 

T.  Rridges  [C] 

48.  OBHiTHioir.  125 

48.  OBNITHIOH. 

Oraithion,  Barti,  J,f.  0. 1863,  p.  95 : 0.  inerme. 

Camptofitoma,  Scl.  P.  Z.  8,  1857,  p.  203    0.  imberbe. 

To  the  corions  little  bird  originallj  designated  Omiihion  by 
HartUnb  in  1853,  and  remarkable  for  its  constricted  and  projecting 
IhU  and  almost  bristleless  gape,  may  be  added  three  other  species 
which  range  from  Sonthem  Mexico  to  S.E.  Brazil.  The  form  is 
nearly  allied  to  Tyrannulus ;  and  I  should  be  rather  inclined  to  unite 
these  two  groups  were  it  not  for  the  great  inconvenience  of  frequent 
changes  of  nomenclature. 

Key  to  the  Species, 

A.  Belly  yellow  ;  wing-bands  distinct,  white  or 
yellowish. 

Bill  longer;  cap  plumbeous;  white  front 

distinct 1.  inenru^  p.  125. 

Bill  shorter ;  cap  olive-brown ;  front  rather 

lighter 2.  pusillum,  p.  126. 

R  Belly  cinereous  white  or  with  slight  yellowish 
tinge;  wing-bands  ochraceous,  not  so  distinct; 
cap  cinereous. 

\  Smaller;  back  more  cinereous 3.  imberbe^  p.  126. 

I  Larger ;  back  more  olivaceous 4.  ohsoletum^  p.  127. 


1.  Omithion  inerme. 

Omithion  inerme,  Hartl.  J,  f,  O.  1853,  p.  35  ;  Cub.  et  Hein.  Mus, 
Hein.  ii.  p.  57 ;  ScL  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  pp.  576,  577 ;  Scl.  et  Salv. 
Nomend.  p.  48 ;  Salvin,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  293  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Above  olive-green,  cap  plumbeous,  a  distinct  narrow  white  frontal 
band  between  the  eyes ;  Wings  black,  with  large  and  distinct  white 
tips  to  the  coverts,  forming  two  bands,  and  with  narrow  olive  edgings 
to  the  secondaries ;  tail  brownish  edged  with  olive :  beneath  yel- 
lowish, whiter  on  the  throat  and  rather  more  olivaceous  on  the 
Bidea;  under  wing-coverts  lemon -yellow ;  bill  black;  feet  dark 
brown:  whole  length  3'7  inches,  wing  1"0,  tail  1-5.  Female 
similar. 

Hab,  Guiana,  Cayenne,  and  Eastern  Ecuador. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  S.  America  {Bremen  Mus,).         Sclater  Coll.     (Type 

of  the  species.) 
h.  $  ad.  sk.  Bartica  Grove,  British  Guiana      Salvin-Godman  ColL 

{Whitely). 

c,  (S  ad.  sk.  Carimang  r.,  British  Guiana         Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(  Whitely). 

d.  Ad.  sk.  pyapok,  Cayenne  (Jelskt).  Sclater  Coll. 

f,/.  Ad.  sk.  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (j&ucA^).        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


IVKABSIDj:. 


2.  Ornithion  ptuillnm. 

Myiopatis  pualla,  Cai.  el  Hem.  M«3.  Hnn.  ii,  p.  58  (18501.         

Campto^toma  ftariTentre,  Sd.  et  Sah.  P. Z. S.  16S4,  p.  358  (Panama), 

1867,  p.  677  (Lower  Amaaon*). 
Camptostoma  imWbe,  Taylor,  Idit,  1864,  p.  80  (Trinidnd). 
OrnitbioD  puBillura,  Scl.  P.  Z.  H.  1873,  p.  577  ;  Sd.  et  Sah.  Notnmcl. 

p.  48;  &/(j.  ii«,  1SS5,  p.204(Brit.  Guiana);    Taa.  Om.  Pir.  u. 

p.  265. 

Above  olivo-green,  cap  rather  darker,  brownish ;  loroB  and  eye- 
re^on  slightly  whitish ;  wings  blackish,  with  large  and  dietincl 
white  tips  to  the  coverta,  forming  two  bands;  secondaries  edged 
externally  with  olive ;  tail  dark  brown  edged  with  olive :  beneath 
yellowish,  more  or  less  olivaceous ;  throat  paler;  under  wing-coverta 
pale  yellow ;  bill  dark  hazel;  feet  brown :  whole  length  3-8  inchoa, 
wing  2,  tiul  1-8.     Female  similar. 

HcA.  Veragua,  Panama,  and  soathwarda  to  3.E.  Brazil. 

The  bill  is  nearly  similar  in  structure  to  that  of  0.  inermr.,  but 
not  quite  so  long,  and  rather  more  compressed  towards  the  tip. 
The  absence  of  the  white  frontal  band  likewise  distinguishes  this 
species. 


a.  2  ad.  sk. 

b.  Ad.  Hk. 

c.  Ad.  ak. 

d.  ,S  ad.  ak. 
fl.  Ad.  ^. 
/  Ad.  at 

A.  Ai  sk! 
I.  Ad.  8k. 

k.  Ad.  sk. 
;,  m.  Ad.  8k. 
n,  c  cT  ad.  sk. 

p.  Ad.  sk. 
g.  Ad,  sk. 

(.  Jr.  Bk. 
u.  Ad.  sk. 


Bugaba,  Chiriqui  (Arei). 

Chiriqu!  (Arc^. 

Panama  (ifcLeanruin). 

Zamora.  Ecuador  (JViuer). 

Rio  Napo. 

Upper  Ucayali  {Baillett). 

Bogota. 

Bogota. 

Venezuela. 

Trinidad  (E.  C.  Taylor). 

Trinidad. 

Trinidad. 

Barrica  Grove,  Brit.  Ouiana 

(Whitets). 
SurioaiD  (C.  BartkU). 
Oyapock,  Cayenne, 
Mt'Xiana,  L.  Amaxons  (  Wal- 

Para  (Layarii). 
Bahia,  Brazil. 

Soutli  America. 


Salvin-GodmBii  Coll. 
Salvin-Oodman  CiilL 
Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 
Sclater  ColL 
Salviu-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  ColL 
Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
SclatOT  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
PurchitBed. 
Salvin-Oodman  ColL 

Sclater  Coi 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  ColL 

Sclater  OoD. 
Sclater  ColL 
Purchaaed. 


3.  OmltMon  Imberbe. 


Myiopatis  incanesceiis,  P-h.  Orn.  r>ra>.  p.  lOfi  (?). 
Omithion   incaneacens,  Sri.   P.  Z.  *'.  1^73,   p,   !il7  (n* 

Zntpr«.e#,  /«.,  1876.  p.  4«7) ;  Layard,  I'm,  1873,  p,  S82  (PamJ ; 

Brrwer,  Ibii,  1878,  p.  488  (Tosas). 
CamptOBtoiua   imberbe,   Sd.   P.Z.S  1857,   p.   203;  id.  Ibii,  1869, 

p.  444,  pi,  14.  fig.  1 ;  itf.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  216  [ex  Meiico). 
Oroithion  imberbe,  Tacz.  P.  Z.  8.  1878,  p.  234,  1880,  p.  202,  et  1882, 

p.  Ifl  (Peru) ;  Ridyw.  P.  U.  8.  X.  M.  iii.  pp.  187,  216 ;  id.   Man. 


48.  oBiriTHioir.  127 

N.  A.  B.^  346  (Texas);  Cwen,  Key  N.  A.  B.  1884,  p.  443; 

Berl  J,f,  0. 1884,  p.  301  (Colombia). 
Eupedlostoma  puollum,  ScL  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  pp.  68, 283 ;  ui.  Cat.  A.  B. 

p.  216  (W.  Ecuador) ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  536,  et  1877,  p.  325 

(Peru). 
Oraithion  pusiUum,  Scl,  ^  Salv.  P.  Z.  S,  1873,  p.  278  (E.  Peru) ;  Tacz. 

P.  Z.  8, 1879,  p.  234 ;  Salv,  Ibis,  1886,  p.  294. 
Qmitliion  sdateri,  Berl.  et  Tacz,  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  554,  et  1884, 

p.  296  (W.  Ecuador),  et  1885,  p.  90 ;  Tacz,  Om,  Fir.  ii.  p.  254 
Qnuthion  imberbe  rid^aji,  Bretcsierj  Bull.  NuU.  Oj*n.   CI.  yii. 

p.  208  (Aiizoua) ;  Ridffw.  Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  346. 

Abore  cmereous,  more  or  less  olivaceous  on  the  lower  back 
wiugB  and  tail  blackish  brown,  with  more  or  less  distinct  light 
rufous  tips  to  the  coverts  and  edges  to  the  outer  secondaries:  beneath 
pale  cinereous,  with  a  very  slight  olivaceous  tinge  on  the  belly  in 
some  specimens  ;  under  wing-coverts  white,  with  a  slight  tinge  of 
lemon-yellow ;  bill  brown,  lower  mandible  light  hazel  at  the  base  ; 
feet  bladdsh :  whole  length  4  inches,  wing  2,  tail  1*6.  Female 
similar. 

Hah.  Texas,  Mexico,  and  Central  America,  and  southwards  to 
Pern  and  S.E.  Brazil. 

It  has  been  shown  by  Mr.  Lawrence  (7. 8.  c.)  that  Muscipeia  in- 
eaneseens  of  Prince  Max.  of  Neuwied  does  not  refer  to  this  species  as 
was  formerly  supposed.  The  next  name  applicable  seems  to  be 
my  **  imherhe.**  The  nearly  uniform  pale  cinereous  colour  and  light 
rufous  wing-bands  distinguish  this  species,  which,  however,  varies 
much  in  different  localities. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  S.  Andres  Tuxtla,  Mexico        Sclater  Coll.      (Type 

(Salli).  of  the  species.) 

b.  S  *d.  sk.  Presidio,  Mexico  (Ferrer).        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
e.  5  ad.  sk. ;  d-g.     Cozumel  I.,  Yucatan.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Ad.  sk. 

A.  $  ad.  sk.  Escuintln,  Guatemala  (Salvin).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

t.  S  ad.  sk. ;  /  Ad.     Realejo,  Nicaragua  (Salvin).  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

sk. 

k.  Ak.  sk.  Pallatanpa,  Ecuador  (Fraser).  Sclater  Coll. 

L  Ad.  sk.  Santa  Rita,  Ecuador  (  Villa-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

gomez). 

m.  Ad.  sk.  Lima,  Peru  (Nation).  Sclater  Coll. 

n.  Ad.  sk.  Guaianpro,  Peru  (Stolzmann).  Sclater  Coll. 

o,  p.  Ad.  sk.  Bahia,  Brazil  (  Wucherer).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

y.  5  ad.  ak.  Lagoa  Santa,  Brazil  (Lund).  Sclater  Coll. 

r,  $.  Ak.  sk.  S.E.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

t.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Purchased. 

«.  Ad.  st  Honduras.  D.  Dyson  [C.]. 


4.  Omithion  obeoletam. 

Musdcapa  obsoleta,  Temm.  PL  Chi.  p.  275.  fig.  1 ;  cPOrh,  et  Lafr.  Syn. 

Av.  i.  p.  63. 
Muscicapara  obsoleta,  d'Orb.  Voy.,  Ois.  p.  #328. 


Elunea  olwoleta,  Bwm.  i^tt.  Ueb,  ii.  p.  480, 

Mjiopatdfl  obsolete,  Cab.  et  Hfin.  Mu».  Hein.  ii.  p.  68j  Ptix.  Or 

Brat.  p.  106. 
OmithJon  obwlotum,  Sd.  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  S78 ;  Sd.  «t  Salv.  Nomtn 

p.  48. 

Above  cinereouB,  whole  back  with  a  decided  olivaceouB  tin 
wings  and  tail  dark  ashy  brown ;  wing-coverte  broadly  margin< 
with  paler  mfous  brown,  and  oztemal  secondaries  edged  with  ti 
same  colour  :  beneath  very  pale  cinereona,  whitiah  on  the  throe 
and  with  an  olivaceoua  tinge  on  the  belly ;  nnder  wing-ooverta  ai 
flanka  pale  yelloviah  white ;  bill  brown,  lower  mandible  cameo 
at  the  base ;  feet  plombeoue  :  whole  length  4*2  inchea,  wing  2- 
taill-fl. 

Hal.  S.E.  Brazil. 

This  bird  ia  rather  larger  than  any  apedmen  of  the  precedii 
Bperiea,  and  differe  in  ita  more  olivaceoua  back,  and  lighter  ooloi 
below.  I  have  compared  it  with  Myicpalit  ohtoUta  of  the  BerL 
Mnaenm,  and  Miucietipara  ohioUta  of  d'Orbigny. 

Schiter  Coll. 
J.  Qould,  Esq. 

49.  iTKAinniLirs.  ^ 

Type. 
Tynamului,  VieOl.  Anab/K,  p.  31  (1816) T.  elatv 

A  little  group  of  three  speciea,  of  which  the  two  lost  are  not  vei 
distinct,  ranging  from  Guatemala  to  Amazonia.  It  wonld  be  betb 
perhaps  to  restrict  the  name  to  the  typical  species,  which  is  vei 
well  distingQished  by  its  elevated  crest,  abort  compressed  bill,  feebl; 
bristled  rictus,  short  wings  and  tail.  But  although  T.  »eniiftav\ 
and  T.  brunneicapill«s  have  no  creet,  they  come  very  near  in  othi 


49.   TYKAWNTJLTJS.  129 

Ann,  Z.  N,  Y.  ix.  p.  89;  SeL  ^  8aiv.  RZ.S.  1866,  p.  188,  1867, 
pp.  147,  751,  978,  1873,  p.  279,  et  1879,  p.  612 ;  ud.  NomencL 
p.  48 ;  Salv,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  294  (,Brit.  Guiana) ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S,  1882, 
p.  19 ;  ftf.  Om.  P4r,  ii.  p.  256 ;  Berl  J.f,  O.  1884,  p.  300. 
PIpia  data,  SpLc,  Av.  Bras,  ii.  p.  7,  pL  8  a.  f.  2  ( $  ). 

Above  olive ;  cap  blackish,  with  an  elongated  mesial  bright  lemon- 
yellow  crest ;  sides  of  head  cinereous ;  wings  blackish,  distinct  tips 
of  coverts  (forming  two  transverse  bars)  and  outer  margins  of 
external  secondaries  white ;  tail  ashy  brown,  slightly  tipped  with 
whitish :  beneath  yellowish  olive,  middle  of  belly  and  under  wing- 
ooverts  yellowish ;  throat  white ;  bill  blackish ;  feet  dark  plum- 
beous: whole  length  2*6  inches,  wing  1*9,  tail  1"4.  Female 
similar. 

Bob,  Amazonia,  Guiana,  and  Colombia,  north  to  Panama. 

a,  b.  Ad.  St.  Brazil.  Purchased. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Amazonia.  Sclater  Coll. 

d,e,  ($  2  ^'  ^'        Pebas,  E.  Peru  {IlauxweU),  Salvin-Godman  Coll, 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Oyapok,  Cayenne  (Jehki).  Sclater  Coll. 

fft^  6  2  ^^  ^'       Oyapok,  Cayenne  [Jelski).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

ifj.  Ad.  sk.  Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

{IVhiUly). 

kf  I,  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

m.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

SI.  Ad.  sk.  Bucaramanga,  U.  S.  C.  ( J/m-  Sclater  Coll. 

loft). 

o.  $  ad*  sk.  Remedies,    Antioquia    {Sal-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

mon), 

p.  Ad.  sk.  Paraiso,  Panama  {Hughes).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

2.  Tyrannnlns  semiflavns. 

Tyrannulus  semiflavus,  Sd.  Sf  Salv.  P.  Z.  S,  1860,  jp.  800 ;  iid.  Ibis, 
1860,  p.  400;  iid.  Nom^ncl.  p.  48  ;  S(d.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  215  j  Lax/or, 
Ann,  L.  N,  Y.  viii.  p.  182;  Salv.  Ibis,  1872,  pp.  313,  314. 

Above  clear  olive-green ;  cap  plumbeous  ;  lores  and  superciliary 
stripe  white ;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  with  edges  like  the  back : 
beneath  bright  yellow ;  bill  and  feet  blackish  :  whole  length  3  inches, 
wing  1'8,  tail  1*1. 

Uab,  Guatemala. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Vera  Paz  (Salvin).  Sclater  Coll. 

6f  e.  Ad.  sk.  Choctum,  Vera  Paz  {Salvin).        Salvin-Godman  ColL 

(Typos  of  the  species.) 
d,  e.  Ad.  sk.  Vera  Paz  {Salvin).  O.  Salvin,  Esq.  [P.]. 

3.  TyraimiiliLs  bnumeicapillns. 

Tyrannulus  brunneicapillus,  Later.  Ibis,  1862,  p.  12 ;  id.  Ann,  L,  N, 
Y,  vii.  p.  473,  ix.  p.  Ill;    Scl  iSc  Salv,  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  359 
(Panama);  iid.  Nomend.  p.  48;  Frantz.  J.f.  0.  1869,  p.  307; 
Salv.  Ibis,  1872,  p.  314. 
VOL.  xrv.  K 


130  TrKiUSlDJE, 

Similar  to  T.  iemtfluvM,  but  oap  not  ao  distinct,  nnd  brownish  in 
tint,  nnd  not  pftiried  so  far  back :  body  bonoath  not  so  bright. 
Uah.  Panamii. 
A  Bomowhat  doubtful  Bpedes ;  a  floutbern  fonn  of  T.  semiflaous. 

a.  Ad.  Bk.  Va.aKm!\,  [MfLcannon).  Scl (iter  Coll. 

h.  (f  ad.  ak, ;  c.  Lion   IliU   St.,  I'annma  (,lfc-  Sdlvin-Godmnn  Coll. 

Ad.  bV.  Leannmi). 

d.  Ad.  Bk.  Pnnnma.  Purchased. 


Type. 


50.  TYEAimiSCTIS  *. 
TrnnoUcus,   Cd>.  et  Hein.  Mat.  Hein.   u.   p. 

{I8S9) T.  ni^capUIus. 

TyrannixKs  18  a  name  oontorred  by  CabaniB  and  Heine  on  a, 
group  of  Bmall  Tyrants  allied  to  Tyranntdva^-al  with  a  rath«r  broader 
bill;  longer  wings  and  longer  tdl.  They  are  diffused  over  the 
Neotropical  Region  from  Gnatemala  to  9.  Brazil,  but  mostly  pnj- 
vulent  in  Colombia,  Ecuador,  and  Pern.  They  are,  in  fact,  little 
more  than  diminutive  forms  of  Elainia,  or  at  any  rate  form  a 
transition  toward  that  genua. 


Key  to  the  Sjieda. 

A.  Hll  uniform,  blackish. 

a.  Cap  difierent  from  back. 

a'.  Wing-coverts  broadly  tipped  with 
white  or  yellowish  white;  belly 
yellow. 

)  Oap  blacloHh     1.  mi/ricnpi/liif,  p,  l.ll. 

j  Cap  plumbeous    2.  dttereiceps,  p.  1.11 . 

b:  Wing-coverB  niUTOwly   edged   with 
yellow ;  belly  yellowish. 
a".  Breast  pale  cinereous. 

I  Lai^r ;  crown  cinereous    3.  iiiliteimus,  p.  132. 

I  Smaller ;  crown  not  »o  different.     4,  paniu,  p.  132, 
b".    Breast    cinereous,    wnshsd    with 

yellowish  6.  impnina,  p.  133. 

c".  BreAst  pale  yellowish. 

1  Ijarger)  throet  uuifonn  ._.,..     8,  pracili/iff,  p.  133. 

iSnu^er;  throat  whitish 7.  nwr,  p.  133. 

o'.  Wing-coverts  edged  with  pale  oliva- 

eeouB S,  gritdcepi,  p,  1S4. 

b.  Cap  olivaceoos  hke  the  back. 

1  Front  uniform 9.  bolivianm,  p.  134. 

)  Front  yellow    10.  rhryiopt,  p.  135. 

B.  Bill  with  lower  mandibie  white 11.  letKogonyt,  p.  13Q. 


•  I  do  not  roet^JM  iho  following  »pooieB:— Koimu  riridijlava.  Tuch.  F.  P. 
n»,V.\Vf<,  t.ix.&e.'2  (—Lrp/opognB  i'ifirfi*ii.w,  Bp.Corup.i.  p.  187=  IW"- 
«™.  .■iridiflaim4.  Tiiei.  P.  Z.  a.  1874,  p.  liM ;  id.  Oni.  Per.  ii.  p.  261),  from 


50.   TTBAKNIBCUS.  131 


1.  Tyramuflons  nigricapilluB. 

Tjimmralvs  nigiicapilliiSi  Lafr.  Eev.  ZooL  1845,  p.  341 ;  Sd.  P.  Z.  S. 

1865,  p.  150,  et  1860,  p.  03. 
Tjraiiniscus  nigricapillus,  Cab.  et  Hem.  Mas,  Hein.  ii.  p.  57 ;  Scl. 

Cat.  A,  B.  p.  216 ;  Sd,  Sf  Solo.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  842,  1875,  p.  234, 

et  1879,  p.  512  ;  iid.  Nomencl  p.  48 ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S,  1874,  p.  536, 

et  1880,  p.  203 ;  id,  Om.  Pir.  u.  p.  257. 

Above  olive-green ;  cap  doll  black,  with  a  slight  whitish  super- 
ciliary stripe ;  wings  black ;  coverts  broadly  tipped  with  white  or 
yellowiah  white,  forming  two  bands ;  narrow  external  edgings  to 
most  of  remiges  yellow ;  tail  blackish  brown,  with  slight  olivaceous 
edgings :  beneath  yellow,  rather  olivaceous  on  throat  and  sides  of 
breast ;  under  wing-coverts  pale  yellow  ;  bill  aud  feet  black :  whole 
length  4-4  inches,  wing  2*4,  tail  1*8.     Female  similar. 

Hah.  Venezuela,  Ecuador,  and  Colombia. 

Merida,  Venezuela  {Goering).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Merida,  Venezuela  (Goeritig),  Sclater  Coll. 

Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

Bogota.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Bogota.  Jardine  Coll. 

Santa  Elena,  Antioquia   {Sal-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

molt). 

San   Lucas,    Ecuador    (Villa-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

gomez). 

Puellaro,  Ecuador  (Fraser).  Sclater  Coll. 

S.  America.  Purchased. 


2.  TyraimiBCUS  cinereiceps.    (Plate  XI.  fig.  1.) 

Tyrannulus  cinereiceps,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  pp.  GO,  283  (Ecuador). 
Tyranniscus  cinereiceps,  Scl,  Cat.  Anu  Ii.  p.  216  ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S. 

1870,  p.  842,  pi.  liii.  fipr.  2 ;  iid.  Xomencl.  p.   48  ;   Tacz.  P.  Z.  S. 

1874,  p.  536 ;  id,  Om.  P6r.  ii.  p.  258 ;  Bert,  et  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1883, 

p.  555,  et  1885,  p.  90  (Ecuador). 

Above  olive-green,  cap  plumbeous,  lores  and  sides  of  head  whitish ; 
ear-coverts  black  with  the  basal  portion  yellowish ;  wings  black, 
coverts  broadly  tipped  with  white,  remiges  mostly  narrowly  edged 
with  yellow ;  tail  brown :  beneath  yeUow,  rather  whitish  on  the 
ohin,  and  more  olivaceous  on  the  breast ;  under  wing-coverts  pale 
yellow  ;  bill  dark  corneous  ;  feet  blackish  :  whole  length  4  indies, 
wing  2-4,  taU  1-7. 

Hah,  Ecuador  and  Colombia. 

Near  to  T,  nigrieaplllus,  but  distinguished  by  its  plumbeous  head 
and  black  ear-coverts. 

a,  $  ad.  sk.  Pallatanga,  Ecuador  (Fraser).  Sclater  Coll. 

(Type  of  the  species.) 
h,  c  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  CoU. 

k2 


«.  c^  ad.  sk. 
6.  c^  ad.  sk. 
e.  Ad.  sk. 
dl  Ad.8k. 
e.  Ad.  sk. 
f,d  ad.  sk. 

y.  Ad.  A, 

k.  Ad.  sk. 
t.  Ad.  st 

TTBASNIDi. 


3.  TTianiiuciis  Tiliflsimns. 

Elainnfl  vilissima,  5e/.  et  Saiv.  Ibis,  1850,  p.  122,  pt.  4.  fig.  1  ;  Solo. 

Ihif,  1800,  p.  104. 
Tjriinniscus  TilissimuB,  *i,  Cat.  Am.  S.  p,  316;  S-^.et8alv.  P.  Z.8. 

IH70,  p.  843  ;  04.  N-wimei.  p.  48 ;  Sale.  Ibu,  ISliB,  pp.  315,  318 ; 

Fraaix.   J.  f.    O.   1860,   p.   307 ;    Lau)r.   Ann.   Lye.   N.    V.   a. 

p,  111. 

Above  olive,  cap  dart  ciiiareouB,  broad  front  and  anperciliariea 
whitish  ;  wings  blackiBh,  with  well-defined  but  narrow  external 
edgings  of  yollowisb  green ;  tail  blackish  edged  with  olive:  beneath, 
throat  and  brooat  pale  ashy  white,  slightly  flammuUted ;  middle  of 
belly  almoHt  white ;  flanks  and  criBSum  pale  yellowiah  with  slight 
greenish  flaram illations  ;  under  wing-coverta  pale  yellowiah  white  ; 
bill  dark  brown ;  feet  black ;  whole  length  43  inches,  wing  2'4, 
tail  2.     FemaU  similar. 

Hab.  Guatemala. 


Caldora?,  Vulcan  de  Fuegxi, 

Guatemala  (SiJ^rtn), 
CaldeiBs  (SaJn'n). 
Volean   de  FueffH,  Uuateinala. 
Coban,  Guatemda, 
Guflb^mala. 


Sclftter  CoU. 
Salvm-Godnian  CoU, 
(Type  of  the  spedea.) 
SBlvin-Godman  Ocdl. 

Selater  Coll. 
Sftlvin-fJodniftn  Coll, 
0,  Sfdviu.  Eaq.  [P.l. 
J.  Gould.  Esq.  " 


4.  Tyranniacos  parvus. 

parvus,  tawr.  Ibu.  1862,  p.  la ;  Arm.  Lgo.  N.  Y.  vfi. 
p.  *,o,  IS.  p.  m  i  Sd.  tt  Salt:  P.  Z. «.  18(14,  p.  359, 1867,  p.  981, 
1870,  p.  843 ;  na.  Nomenel.  p.  48 ;  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1807,  p.  147  i  W. 
Ibu,  laaa,  p.  315 ;  Frantz.  J./.  0.  18<J9,  p.  307 ;  Boueani,  P.  Z.  3. 
1878,  p.  63  i  Ridgv).  P.  U.  S.  N.  M,  vi.  p.  414. 

Similar  to  T.  vitUdimts,  but  smaller,  cap  not  so  well  doSned,  and 
rather  paler  below:  whole  length  2'T  inches,  wing  1' 9;  tail  l"7. 
Ft'naU  similar. 

Hub.  CostA  Rica  and  Versgua. 


a.  Ad.  ak.  Costa  Itica  (Ctoi-mioO. 

6.  Ad.  Bk.  Coata  Rica  (Howird). 

a.  Ad.  sk.  AniMStura.  tosta  Itiea  (Canmd). 

d.  Ad.  sk,  Turrialba,  Coat*  Rica  {.4i'rf). 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Turrialba,  Costa  Uica  (.ifo*). 

f.  cf  nd.  ak.  Saata  F^,  Vemgua  (.^i*«f). 

g.  2  ad.  sk.  Caiovevora,  Vera^ua  (Arri). 
h.  $  ad.  sk.  BucHba,  Chiriqui  (Arei). 

i.  Ad.  sk.  S,  stope  of  Vole,  of  Chiriqui  (Aivf). 

i.  All.  bH.  Vemgua  lArci). 

k,l.  Ad, ak.  Veragua  (.^rc^. 

ni.  Ad,  ak.  I'aoauia  {.VcLeaiiiiaii). 


aclater  Ci.ll, 
Selater  Cull. 
Salvin-Godman  CoH. 
Salvin-Qodman  Coll. 
O,  Salvin  [P,]. 
Salvin-OodniBn  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Oodman  CoU. 
Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 
Selater  Coll. 
O.  Salvin,  Eaq.  [P.], 
^ulvin-Godman  GoU. 


50.    TTRA1WI8CU8.  133 

5.  TyraxmiBciiB  improbns. 

lyraimiscaB  improbus,  Sd,  et  Salv,  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  843;  iid. 
NomencL  p.  48 ;  Wyatt,  Ilns,  1871,  p.  333 ;  BerL  J.  /.  O.  1884, 
p.3ia 

Above  oliTe;  head  darker,  almost  blackish;  front,  short  super- 
ciliaries,  and  eye-region  whitish  ;  wings  blackish  ;  coverts  and 
secondaries  narrowly  but  distinctly  margined  with  yellow  ;  tail 
brown  with  olive  margins  like  the  back :  beneath  greyish  white, 
almost  white  on  the  throat ;  breast  and  belly  with  a  yellowish  tinge ; 
middle  of  belly  and  under  wing-coverts  pale  yellow ;  bend  ot  wing 
yellow ;  bill  aiid  feet  black :  whole  length  4-5  inches,  wing  2*2, 
tail  1-9. 

Ilab,  Yen^suela  and  Colombia. 

Near  to  T,  vtlissimiis^  but  the  white  front  is  more  distinct,  and 
the  breast  has  a  shiny  yellowish  tinge. 

a.  $  ad.  ak.    Merida,  Venezuela  (Goering).  Sclater  Coll.    (Type 

of  the  species.) 

b.  Ad.  sk.       Near  Ocana,  U.  S.  Colombia  ( Wyatt).    Sclater  Coll. 

6.  TyranniscnB  gracilipes.    (Plato  XI.  fig.  2.) 

Tyranniscus,  sp.  1317,  Scl  Cat.  Am.  B.  p.  216. 

T^rranniflcus  gracilipes,  Scl.  et  Sah.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  981, 1870,  p.  843, 

1873,  p.  279,  et  1879,  p.  614 ;  iid.  Nomencl.  p.  48  ;  Layardj  Ibis, 

1873,  p.  382 ;  Salv.  Ibts,  1886,  p.  294. 
Myiopatis  pusilla,  Pelz,  Oni.  Bras.  p.  106  (?). 

Above  olive ;  cap  cinereous ;  front  and  lores  rather  whitish ; 
wings  black  with  narrow  but  distinct  external  edgings  of  yellow ; 
tail  blackish,  slightly  margined  with  olive  :  beneath  nearly  uniform 
yellowish,  rather  paler  on  the  throat  and  brighter  on  the  belly ; 
under  wing-coverts  pale  yellowish  white ;  bend  of  wing  yellow ;  bill 
and  feet  blackish:  whole  length  3*6  inches,  wing  1*7,  tail  1*4. 
Female  similar. 

Eab.  Bolivia,  Amazonia,  Venezuela,  and  Guiana. 

a.  Ad.  ak.  Simacu,  Bolivia  (Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

b.  $  ad. ;  Pebas,  E.  Peru  {HauxweU).  Sclater  Coll.     (Type 
c.  Ad.  sk.  of  the  species.) 

dL  $  ad.  sk.  Pebas,  E.  Peru  (HauxiceU).  Salvin-Godraan  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Venezuela.  Sclater  Coll. 

ffff' 6  f^'l  Roraima,    British     Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll, 

h-f.  2  Ml.  flk.         (  Whitely). 

Jk.  Ad.  ak.  Oyapoc,  Cayenne.  Sclater  Coll. 

I  Ad.  sk.  Rio  Negro  (Natterer).  Sclater  Coll. 

m.  ?  ad.  sk.  Para  (Layard).  Tweeddale  Coll. 

7.  Tyranniscns  acer. 

Tyranniscus  acer,  Salv.  et  Qodm.  Ibis,  1883,  p.  206 ;  Salv.  Ibis,  1885, 
p.  294. 

Above  olive ;    head  cinereous,  front  whitish ;    wings  blackish ; 


c.  $  ad.  bIc. 

d,  e.  <;  nd. ; 
f,g.  2  ad.  ak. 

h.  S  ad.  fk. 


134  iTHAHtnDa:. 

coverte  and  seeondaries  diBtinctly  ed^od  with  clear  yellowish  ;  tail 
blockish  ElightlymargiDcd  with  olive:  beneath  puk  yellowieh;  throat 
ashy  white  ;  nndor  wing-corerts  pale  sulphur-yellow  :  bill  and  feet 
blackish :  whole  length  "A",  inches,  wing  1,  tail  1'7.  FtmaU  similar, 
but  (apparently)  with  a  shorter  tail. 

Hah.  Guiana. 

This  plainly  coloured  species  may  he  diatinpuished  from  T.  ynxtH- 
lipes  by  its  smaller  siwi,  whiter  throat,  and  paler  boUj. 

a,b.  tJ  5  (id,  ak.     Bnrtica  Grove,  Dritiuh  Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
( Wliitely). 

Bartii-a  GroTO  ( WJiitelj/).  ScUtw  Coll.    (Type 

of  the  Bpecies.) 

CamacnsH,   British    Giuana  SalTiD-Oodmau  Coll. 

(  Jnitrk/). 

Ttor\uma.iitit.C,niana(tt'hiMy).  Salrin-Oodmnn  CoU. 

8.  TyrBiuuscaB  griseiceps. 

TyranniscuB  griseicepB,  ScL  et  Sale,  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  843 ;  id.  Somenci. 

p.  48;  tSah.  //.«,  1888,  p.  294  (Brit.  Guiana). 
Phylloioyias  griseiceps,  Berl.  ef  Tacs.  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  fi54. 
PbyUomyiaa  cristatus,  v.  Berl.  Joum.f.  O.  1884,  p.  300  (Bogota). 

Above  olivo ;  cap  dark  cinereous ;  front  and  eye-region  whitish : 
wingB  blackish,  wing-eoverts  slightly  margined  with  pale  brown  ; 
external  margins  of  secondaries  olive ;  tail  blaokish  brown  with 
olive  margins ;  beneath  yellow ;  throat  greyish ;  under  wing-coverts 
pale  sulphur-yellow  ;  hill  and  feet  dark  brown :  whole  length  4 
inches,  wicg  1'9,  tail  1'8.     FemaU  similar. 

Hah.  Ecuador,  Colombia,  YcneKUela,  and  British  Guiana, 
The  absence  of  the  yellow  edginga  on  the  wing-coverts  distin- 
guishes this  species  from  the  four  preceding  ones. 

SclatcT  Col]. 
Sclutet  Coll. 
of  the  I 
e.  Ad.  sk.       Bucaramangs,  U.S.  C.  SelatetCoU. 

d.  [J  ad.  ak.    Maruria,  Valencia,  Venezuela  (Goo-     Sclatur  Coll. 

n'wy). 

e.  9  ad.  ak.    Bartica      Grove,     Brit.      Guiana    Salvin-Qodman  Ooll. 

(  Whilelil'). 
/.  Sad.  ak.    Roraima,BrilJBh  Guiana  (WArVe^).    Saltia-Godman  Coll. 

9.  XyraimiaciiB  boUvlannB. 

Muscicapa  olivacea,  d'Orb.  et  Lafr.  Sun.  Av.  i.  p.  64  (183T). 

Muscicapara  boliviano,  d'Orb,  V<iy.,  Oa.  p.  3d8. 

TyranniacuB  gnicilipee,  Scl.  el  Snle.  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  ISfi  (err.). 


Tallatauga,  Ecuador  (Frnnfr). 
Babahoyo,  Ecuador  {Frattr). 


P.Z.  S.  1879,  p.  014  (Bohviaji  Tacx.  Om.  J 

Above,  including  cap,  uniform  olive ;  wings  blackish,  with  distinct 
narrow  yellowish  edgings  to  the  greater  coverts  and  secondaries, 
smaller  coveita  like  the  bark ;  toil  dark  brown  edged  with  olive : 


50.  TTBAITNiaCUS.  135 

beDeath  pale  greyish  white,  with  a  yellowish  tinge,  middle  of  belly 
and  under  wing-coverts  pale  sulphur-yellow ;  bill  and  feet  blackish : 
whole  length  4*6  inches,  wing  2,  tail  2. 

Hah,  Southern  Peru  and  Bolivia. 

I  have  examined  d'Orbigny's  types  at  Paris  and  have  convinced 
myself  that  his  species  is  the  same  as  my  T,  viridimmtu. 

a.  Ad.  ak.         Coenipata^  S.  Peru  ( Whitely),  Sclater  Coll.    (Type 

of  T,  mridisnmus.) 
i.  $  sd.  sk.      Guadeloupe.  S.  Peru  (  Whitely),         Sclater  Coll. 
c,il.Ad.8L     Tilotlloy  Bolivia  (J?ttCA:%).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  ak.         Tilotilo  {Buckley).  Sclater  CoU. 

10.  TyrannlBCus  chrysops. 

Tynumulus  chrysops,  Scl  P.  Z.  S.  1868,  p.  468,  1869,  p.  144,  et  1860, 

p.  dS  (Ecuador), 
l^numiscus  chrysops,  Scl.  Cat.  Am.  B,  p.  216 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z,  S. 

1870,  p.  842,  1876,  p.  234,  et  1871),  p.  61;i ;  iid.  Nomencl.  p.  48 ; 

WyaU,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  333 ;  Salv,  et  Godm.  Ibis,  1880,  p.  124  (Santa 

Marta) ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  19 ;  id  Orn.  FSr.  ii.  p.  269 ;  Berl. 

et  Tacz,  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  665,  1884,  p.  296,  et  1886,  p.  90;  BerL 

J.f.  0. 1884,  p.  301. 
TTranniscus  flavifrons,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  ^  (1869). 
l^^numulus  flavidifrons,  Sd.  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  69. 
Tyranniscus  flavidifrons,  Scl.  Cat.  Am.  B.  p.  216. 

Above  olive ;  front  yellow ;  eye-region  yellowish ;  wings  blackish, 
with  distinct  yellow  external  edgings  to  the  coverts  and  secondaries; 
tail  dark  brown  slightly  margined  with  olive :  beneath  pale  ashy 
white,  with  a  slight  yellowish  tinge  on  the  throat  and  lower  belly ; 
under  wing-coverts  pale  sulphur-yellow ;  bend  of  the  wing  yellow  ; 
bill  dark  brown ;  feet  blackish  :  whole  length  4*5,  wing  2*3,  tail  1*9. 
Female  similar,  but  (apparently)  smaller  and  tail  shorter. 

Hab,  Peru,  Ecuador,  Colombia,  and  Venezuela. 

A  rather  variable  and  widely  extended  species,  but  apparently 
always  recognizable  by  its  yellow  front. 

IS.  Ad.  sk.           Chiromoto,  Peru  (Stolzmann),  Sclater  Coll. 

6.  Q  ad.  ak.         Gualaquiza,  Ecuaaor  (Fraser).  Sclater  Coll. 

c,  Jr.  sk.             Zamora,  Ecuador  {Fraser).  Sclater  Coll.    (Types 

of  T.  chrysops.) 

dye.  c^  ad.  sk.    Pallatanga,  Ecuador  {Fraser).  Sclater  Coll.    (Types 

of  T.  flavidifrons.) 

/.  iS  ad.  sk.        Pallatanga,  Ecuador.  L.  Fraser  [C.J 

g-j.  Ad.  sk.         Sarayacu,  Ecuador  {Buckley\  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

*.  Ad.  sk.           Sarayacu,  Ecuador  {Buckley).  Sclater  Coll. 

L  Ad.  tik,           Jima,  Ecuador  {Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

nu  Ad.  sk.          Paste,  Ecuador  {Lehmann).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

n.  Ad.  sk.          Concordia,  Antioquia  {Salmon),  Sclater  Coll. 

o.  Ad.  sk.          Bogota.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

p.  Ad  sk.          Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

9.  $  ad.  sk.       Minca,  S.    N.  of    Santa    Marta  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Simons), 

r.  Ad.  sk.           S.  N.  of  Santa  Marta  (Simons),  Sclater  Coll. 

«.  c^  ad.  sk.         Merida,  Venezuela  (Ooering),  Sclater  Coll. 


136  TTBASSIBJB. 

11.  TyrannlBCiu  lencogonya. 
TpumiscDS  leucogonys,  Scl.  et  Sale.   F.  Z.  S.   1870,  p.  843 ;    v 
Nomencl.  p.  48. 

Above  olive ;  cap  dark  cinoreous,  narrow  front  and  eye-regi 
whitish;  wings  bla:;tish ;  coverts  and  secondaries  iiarrowl)' margin 
eiternaUy  with  yellow ;  tail  brown  with  olive  margins :  benea 
yellow ;  throat  and  breast  more  greyish ;  under  wing-ooverta  pi 
yellow  ;  upper  mandible  brown,  lower  pale  flesh-colour  ;  feet  da 
brown  :  whole  length  4  inchea,  wing  2-4,  tail  1'7. 

Hah.  Colombia. 

I  am  a  little  doubtful  about  the  correct  position  of  this  speci 
which  ia  at  once  recogniaiblc  by  its  pale  lower  mandible. 


Bo^U. 


Sclator  Coll.    (Tjpe  of  the  Bpecit 


51.  ELAINEA*. 

Type. 
El«nea,  Sund.  E.  Vet.-Ak.  Handl.  1835,  p.  89  (183C) E.  paga 

'  Thb  is  one  of  the  moat  Eumerous  genera  of  the  Tynmnida,  a 
perhaps  the  most  difficult  to  deal  witb  satisfactorily.  The  presi 
arrangement  is  nearly  the  same  as  thut  adopted  in  previous  pap 
on  this  group,  and  I  am  still  unable  to  suggest  a  better  one,  thou 
I  find  that  some  of  the  species  hitlierto  referred  to  Sect  A  i 
merely  females  or  young  of  species  of  t^ct.  I), 

Elainece  may  usually  be  recognized  by  their  dull  olive  colo 
slightly  crested  head,  and  compressed  bill,  with  hut  few  traeea 
rictal  bristlee.     They  are  spread  aU  over  the  Neotropical  It^on 


Key  to  iht  Speciex. 


51.   SLAINEA.  137 

b"*.  Middle  size:  sides  dnereous 7.  hypaspodia,  p.  144. 

<f".  Smaller. 

i Sides  cinereous 8.  taczanotcskiif^,  144. 
Sides  yellowish 9.  kucospodiaj  p.  144. 
e  under  surface  jellowish. 

c".  Lawer ;  wing  3-2    10. /ronteti,  p.  145. 

(f '.  Middle-sized :  wing  2*9 : 

I  brighter  below    11.  olivina,  p.  146. 

I  duller  below 12.  pallatangeey  p.  146. 

e".  SmaUer:  wing 27   13.  faUax,  p.  147. 

ft.  Vertical  spot  straw-colour  or  yellow. 
d\  Without  wing-bars. 
/'.  Back  olive. 

I  Smaller :  wing  2*7 14.  placens,  p.  148, 

)  Laiger :  wing  3 15.  subplacens,  p.  149. 

ff".  Back  brown 16.  cotta,  p.  149. 

e*.  With  white  tips  to  wing-coverts. 
A".  Belly  yeUow: 

\  breast  ffrey ;  crest  paler     17.  gaimardij  p.  150. 

(breast  brownish ;  crest  brighter    ....   18.  Jlavivertex,  p.  161. 
i".  Belly  yellowish  white 19.  caniceps,  p.  151. 

c.  Vertical  spot  rufous 20.  ruficeps,  p.  152. 

B.  Without  a  vertical  spot. 

d.  Tail  unhanded. 

f.  Cap  uniform  with  back. 

{Larger  :  belly  yellowish  21.  ohscura,  p.  152. 
Smaller :  belly  white    22.  mesoleuca,  p.  153. 

0*.  Cap  darker  than  back 23.  arenarumf  p.  153. 

e.  With  a  light  basal  and  terminal  tail-band . .  24.  ojffiyiis.  p.  154. 

1.  Elainea  pagana. 

Muscicapa  pagana,  Licht  DoubL  p.  54  (1823). 

Platyrhynchus  paganus,  SpiXj  Av.  Bras.  ii.  p.  13,  pi.  16.  f.  1, 

Muscicapa  brevirostris,  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  799  (lt!31). 

Elainea  pagana,  Cab.  in  Schomb.  Guian.  lii.  p.  701 ;  Burm.  Syst.  Ueb. 
ii.  p.  476 ;  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  46,  1861,  p.  406,  1866,  p.  99 
(Lima),et  1870,  p.  834;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  216;  Cab.  et  Uein.  Mun. 


NomencL  p.  48 ;  JEuler,  J.  f.  O.  1867,  p.  'l"!^  ;  Pelzelnj  Om.  Bras. 

p.  106;  Layard,  i&w,1873,  p.  382  (Para) ;  Cab.  J.f.  0. 1874,  p.  88; 

Bouc.  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  63,  et  1883,  p.  447 ;  Salv.  et  Godm.  Ibis, 

1880,  p.  124 ;  Forbes,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  342;  Midgw,  P.  U.  S.  N.  M. 

V.  p.  600  (Costa  Rica) ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  20 ;  id.  Om.  Fir. 

ii.  p.  262;  Berl.  J.f.  O.  1884,  p.  301 ;  Salv.  Ibis,  1885,  p.  294  (Br. 

Guiana). 
Elainea  subpagana,  Sd.  et  Salv.  Ibis,  1860,  p.  36 ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1864, 

p.  369,  et  1870,  p.  837  ;  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1861,  p.  406,  et  1862,  p.  369 ; 

td.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  216 ;  Cab.  J.  f.  O.  1861,  p.  244 ;  Salv.  P.  Z.  S. 

1867,  p.  147,  et  1870,  p.  197 ;  IVantz.  J.f.  0. 1869,  p.  307 ;  Zawr. 

Ann.  Z.  N.  Y.  vii.  p.  328^  viii.  p.  176,  et  ix.  p.  112. 
Elainea  semipagana,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1861,  p.  406  (Ecuador);  Berl 

et  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  556,  et  1885,  p.  9a 


ElaineA  RhiriquenBia,  Later.  Attn.  L.  N.  T.  viii.  p.  17C  (Venfua); 
Salv.P.Z.S.  1887,  p.  147  (P). 

Above    greyiflh    oliyaceoua :    head    rather    darker,   eubcrested ; 

vertical  spot  whil* ;  wings  and  tail  browTiieli  block ;  wing-coverts 
with  white  tenninal  spots,  forming  two  cross  bands ;  outer  secon- 
daries edged  ext«mallj-  with  white  ;  thi>  rest  of  the  wing-feathera 
and  tail-teathors  slightly  margined  with  olivaceous:  beneath,  throat 
and  breast  greyieh  white  ;  middle  of  belly  yellow  ;  flanks  more  or 
lees  cinereous;  under  wing-coverU  yellowish  white;  hill  brown, 
base  of  lower  maodible  pale ;  feet  blackish ;  whole  length  6  inches, 
wing  3'3,  tail  3.  Female.  Like  the  male,  hut  with  the  white  Bpot 
on  the  head  smaller  or  absent. 

ffab.  Southern  Mexico,  and  southwards  down  to  Brazil. 

When  a  large  series  of  thiH  bird  is  examined,  so  much  variation 
is  evident  that  it  is  no  longer  possible  to  maintain  E,  tub- 
poffana  of  Central  America  and  H.  letnipagana  of  Western  Ecuador 
as  distinct  spcoies.  As  a  rule,  however,  the  northern  birds  are 
darker  in  colour  above,  and  more  strongly  coloured  with  yellow 
below.     The  throat  also  is  usually  of  a  lighter  grey. 


a.  Ad.  sk. 
6.  Ad.  sk. 
c-e.  Ad,  Bk. 
f,ij.  Ad.ak. 
h-o.  Ad.  sk. 
p.  Ad.  sk. 
q.  ?  ad.  sk. 
r.  Ad.  sk. 


Mexico, 

Near  the  City  of  Mexico. 

MuKeresl,,  Yucatan{  Gnumtr). 

Meco  I.,  Yucatan  ( Goumer). 
Coiumel  I.,  Yucatan  ( Gaumer), 
Holbox  I.,  Yucatim. 
BiieiiaB,  Guatemala  (Sii/i>ni).    I 
Dueiiits,  Guatemala  (Sa/nn).    ] 

Guatemala  (Salviti). 

Half-Moon  Key,  UritiBh  Hon- 
duras (Satpiti). 

San  Pedro,  British  Honduras 
(WRitely). 

San  Pedro,  British  Houdums 


7.  Ad.  Bk. 
t.   $  U.  sk. 

a:  Ad.  sk. 

6'.  tJ  ad.sk. 
e*.   $  ad.  ak. 

(f.  S  ad.  «k. 
B",/.  e  2  ad.  Bk. 

^'-f.  (S  i  nd.  sk. 
k'.  Ad.  sk. 
t.  Ad.  sk. 


{  WhiUlu). 
BntiBh    Ho 


Bntieh    Honduras    {Blanca- 

Coata  Rica  (Coraiio/)- 
Irazu,  Coeta  Rica  iRoi/tr»). 
Southern  slope  of  V.  de  Chiri- 

qui  {Arei). 
Chiriqui  {Ai-cf). 
Chiriqui  {Sickt). 
Calovevora,  Vemgua  (Ari), 
Chitra,  VeragiiB  (Arc6), 
Santa  FS,  Veragua  (Arci), 
Veijigua  (Arcf). 
Panama  {McLnaaian), 
Pniiania  (McLtannat^. 
I'araiso   Sta.,  Isthm.   of  Pa- 
nama (Huffht,). 


Sdater  CoU. 
Balvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salviu-Qodman  Coll. 
SalviU'Codman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll, 
Salvin-Godmaii  Coll, 
Sclater  CoU. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
rpes  of  E.  mibpaffana.) 
Balvin-Oodman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvtn-Godman  Coll. 

Sclater  Coll. 

Salvm-Godman  Coa 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godmsn  C'OU. 

Salvin-Godman  Ooll. 
Salvin-Godiuan  CoIL 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvm-Godnian  Coll, 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sali-in-Oodman  CoU. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


L 


51.  BLAUrSA. 


139 


m'.  Ad.  ak. 
It'.  Ad.  ak. 
o*.  Ad.8k. 
p'.  cJ  sd.flk. 
^.  c^  ad.  ak. 

r*.  Ad.  ak. 
a'.  Ad.ak. 
r, «'.  d  ?  ad.  ak. 
v'.  Ad.ak. 
v'yjr'.  Ad.8k. 
y ,  a*.  Ad.  ak. 
a''.  Ad.  flk. 
&".  $  ad.  ak. 
c^\  $  ad.  ak. 

if',  If".  Ad.  ak. 

/".  Ad.  ak. 

^\  d  ad. ;  A",  i". 
$ad.;  /'.Al- 
bino ak. 

ifc"-*".  rf  ad. ;  0", 
P".  $  ad.  ak. 

9  ,  r".  d  2  ad.  ak. 

a",  f".  cJ  ?  ad.  ak, 

«".  Ad.ak. 
v".   $  ad.  ak. 
w".  cJ  ad.  ek. 
x",y".  d$  ad.8k. 
s".   5  ad.  ak. 
a"',  6"'.  Ad.  sk. 
c"',  iF".  Ad.  ak. 
e"' /"'.  Ad.  ak. 
^'^,  A'".  Ad.  ak. 
t"'.  Ad.  ak. 
/",  ik"'.  cJ  $  ad.  sk. 
r",  m'".  Ad.  sk. 

ji'".  Ad.  ak. 
o"',  /".  Ad.  sk. 
g"'.  Ad.  ak. 


iBthmiia  of  Panama  (AreS). 
Panama  {Huahes), 
Sta.  Marts,  U.S. 0. 
Minca,  U.  S.  C.  (Sinians). 
Babahoyo,  Ecuador  (Fraser), 

Santa  Rita,  Ecuador  (Buckley). 
Paato,  Ecuador  (Lehmann), 
Medellin,  U.  S.  C.  (Salman). 
Medelliny  U.  S.  G.  {Salmon). 
Antioquia  (Salman). 
Bucaramanga,  U.  S.  C.  (Minlos). 
Boffota^  U.  S.  C. 
Valencia,  Venezuela  (G^oeriw^). 
S.  Eateban,  Venezuela 

^Goerinff). 
Tnnidad. 
Tobago  (Kirk). 
Tobago  (Kirk). 

Roraima,    Brit.    Guiana 

(  Whitely). 
Roraima,    Brit.    Guiana 

(  WhUdy). 
Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana 

(  Whitely). 
Cayenne. 
Cayenne  (Jelskt). 
Pebas,  E.  Peru  (Hauxicell). 
Para  (E.  L.  Layard). 
Ceara,  Brazil  (Zieiz). 
Pemambuco,  Brazil  ( Craven). 
Pemambuco,  Brazil  (Forbes). 
Pemambuco,  Brazil  (Forbes). 
Bahia^  Brazil  (  Wucherer). 
Bahia,  Brazil. 
SaS  Paulo,  Brazil  (Joyner). 
Pelotas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul^ 

Brazil  (Joyner). 
Brazil. 
Bolivia. 
Brazil. 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  ColL 
Sdater  Coll. 
Salnn-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll.    (Type 
of  E.  semdpagana.) 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  CoU. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  CoU. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 

Zool.  Soc.  ColL 
Sclater  Coll. 
Jardine  Coll. 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Sclater  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  CoU. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sudbury  Mus. 
Salvin-Godman  CoU. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


Sclater  Coll. 
T.  Bridges  [CI. 
Ld.  Stuart  de  Rothe- 
say (P.]. 


2.  Elainea  ridleyana. 

Ekinea  ridleyana,  Sharpe,  P.  Z.  S.  1888  (Feb.  7tb). 

Similar  to  E,  pagana,  but  darker  in  colour  and  witb  longer  biU. 
Ifab.  Island  of  Fernando  Noronha. 


a,  b.  Ad.  ak.        Fernando  Noronba. 
c.  Ad.  sk.  Fernando  Noronba. 


H.  N.  Ridley,  Esq.  [C.l. 

(Types  of  the  species.) 
Capts.  Burnett  &  Ktzroy  [P.]. 


3.  El&lnea  gigas. 

).71i  id.  Cat. A., 


J,  217  (rr 


Ekineii  albicpps,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1 

La/r.  ft  D'Orh.). 
Elainea  pgas,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  831 ;  Sd.et  Salv.  P.  Z.  8. 1873, 

p.  lB5,et  l«76,p,  l(l(S.Pera);  iid.  Nommel.-p.^;  Taez.  P.Z.S. 

18/4,  p.  536,  et  1889,  p.  19  j  id.  Om.  IVr.  ii,  p.  205. 


H«id  and  wing  o!  E/aiiira  gigof.    (P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  63:!,J 


Above  dark  olivaceous  brown  ;  head  crested,  with  a  large  rorticnl 
spot ;  wings  and  tail  dark  brown  ;  a  double  band  across  the  wing- 
covcirt«  and  estemol  margins  of  the  outer  eecondariiia  dirty  white  ; 
rest  of  wing-featbers  and  toil-fcatbera  slightly  margined  with  olira- 
ceouB :  beneath,  throat  grey ;  breast  and  flanks  greyish  olivaceous  ; 
middle  of  belly  yellow  ;  under  wing-coverts  and  crisHUm  yellowiah 
g;rcy  ;  bill  reddish  brown,  lighter  at  the  base  ;  feet  blackish  :  whole 
.length  6  inches,  wing  3-6,  tail  3-3.     Female  simihir. 

Hab.  Ecuador  and  Pern. 

This  species  is  chiefly  disting:uishable  From  E.  pagaaa  by  its  lai^ 
size  ;  but  it  is  also  darker  abuvc,  and  has  a  much  larger  white  ver- 
tical spot,  whitJi  occupies  nearly  the  whole  of  the  interior  of  the 
crest. 

Sdat«r  Ooll.     (Type 

of  the  species.) 
Salvio-Oodman  OolL 
Sclatpr  Uoll. 
Sclnlsr  CoH. 
Salvin-Qodman  Coll, 


;.  Ad.  sk.  Rio  Napo. 


b,c.  Ad.Bk. 

d.  Ad.sk. 

e.  Ad.  Bk. 
/,  Ad.  sk. 


Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Sucklaj). 

Ecuador. 

Hairo,  8.  Peru  (^Whi/-^lv). 

Co»nipata,  S.  Peru  (H^tteity). 


51.   XLAIKSA.  141 

4.  Elainea  martinica. 

Mnacieapa  martmieana  cristata,  Briu.  Om.  u.  p.  362. 

MafldcaDa  martinica,  Linn,  8.  N,  i.  p.  826. 

Tymmiua  martinica,  Ctusm,  Proc  Ac.  PhUad,  I860,  p.  375. 

iSainea  martinica,  Twlor,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  169 ;  Scl  P.  Z,  8.  1871, 
p.  271  (S.  Lucia),  1874,  p.  175  (BarWoes),  et  1879,  p.  766  (Mont- 
senat) ;  8emper,  P.  Z.  8, 1872,  p.  660;  ScL  et  8alv,Nomencl.ia,  48; 
IWk.  Ibis,  1873,  p.  113 ;  Lawr,  P.  U.  8.  N.  M.  i.  pp.  59, 191, 270, 
867,  468,  487,  et  iii.  p.  266 ;  Lister,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  41  (St Vincent) ; 
Onsdaley  Ibis,  1882,  p.  489  (Montserrat). 

Elainea  riiaii,  8cl.  P.  Z,  8. 1860,  p.  314,  1861,  p.  406,  et  1870,  p.  834 ; 
id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  217 ;  Newton,  Ibis,  1860,  p.  307  (St.  Thomas). 

Moacicapa  albicapilla,  VieUl,  Ois.  dTAm.  Sept.  p.  66,  pi.  37. 

Above  dark  oliyaceous;  head  subcrested,  with  a  well-marked 
white  basal  spot ;  wings  and  tail  blackish  brown ;  double  bar  across 
the  wing-coverts  and  outer  edges  of  external  secondaries  dirty  white, 
rest  of  wing-feathers  and  tail-feathers  with  narrow  olivaceous  outer 
margins :  beneath  pale  cinereous,  with  a  slight  olivaceous  tinge  on 
ihe  flanks  and  crissum ;  bill  dark  brown,  base  of  the  lower  mandible 
reddish ;  feet  black :  whole  length  6  inches,  wing  3*2,  tail  3.  Female 
like  the  male,  but  with  the  vertical  spot  less  apparent  or  absent. 

Hab.  Antilles,  from  St.  Thomas  down  to  Barbadoes. 

This  species  is  very  similar  to  E.  payana^  but  is  of  a  nearly  uni- 
form pale  cinereous  brown.  As  in  E.  jpagana,  there  is  much  indi- 
vidual variation. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  St.  Thomas  (Biise).  Sclater  Coll.     (Type 

of  E.  rimi.) 
b,c.  S2  ad.  sk.       St.  Thomas  (Salvin).  Sclater  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Montserrat  (Sturge).  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Dominica  {OberY  Sclater  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Dominica  iObei^.  Salvin-Qodman  Coll. 

g,  h.  Ad.  sk.  St.  Lucia  {Semper).  Sclater  Coll. 

t.  Ad.  ak.  Barbadoes  (Briggs).  Sclater  Coll. 

j.  Ad.  ak.  Barbadoes.  Sir  K.  Schomburgk 

[P.]. 

k.  Ad.  sk.  Barbadoes  (  Wedderhum).  Jardine  Coll. 

/.  Jr.  sk.  Grand  Cayman  I.  {Richard-        Sclater  Coll. 

8(m). 

5.  Elainea  aJbiceps. 

Mnadpeta  albiceps,  dPOrb.  et  Lafr.  Syn.  Av.  i.  p.  47 ;  dOrb.  Voy.,  Ois, 
p.  319. 

Elainea  albiceps,  Scl.  P.  Z.  8.  1868,  p.  71  (Ecuador),  1861,  p.  406 
(BoUvia  et  Peru),  1867,  p.  327  (Chil^,  et  1870,  p.  834  (Honduras); 
k  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  217  ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1868,  pp.  174,  668  ( W. 
Peru),  1873,  pp.  186,  279  (Peru),  1876,  p.  16  (Peru),  1878,  p.  438, 
et  1879,  p.  614  (Bolivia) ;  iid.  Nomend.  p.  48 ;  Pdz.  Om.  Bras. 
p.  107 ;  nwmf.  Ibis,  1878,  p.  60  (rep.  Arg.) ;  White,  P.  Z,  8. 1882, 
p.  606  (rep.  Aig.)  ;  Salv.  P.  Z.  8. 1883,  p.  423  (W.  Peru);  id.  Ibis, 
1886,  p.  294  (Br.  Guiana) ;  Tacz.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  263 ;  Berl.  et  Jher, 
Zeitschr.  ges.  Om.  1886,  p.  133  (S.  Brazil) ;  Sd.  et  Huds.Arg,  Orn. 
L  p.  146. 


Elainea  griaemnlaris,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  p.  664,  pi.  140.  fig.  1,  iRoO, 
p.  46,  et  \m\ ,  p.  407 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  L'17 ;  Berl.  et  Too..  P.  Z.  S. 
1S64,  p.  296,  Bt  1885,  p.  tf)  (Ecuador). 
Elainea  modesU,  Tick.y  Wif^m.  AT<3i.  1847,  i.  p.  274 ;  id.  foun.  Prr., 
Aifi, p.  158 ;  Scl.  P.  Z.  fi.  1850,  p.48,et  18«1, p.  407,et  ie87,p. 3.S8; 
id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  317;  Cab.  d  Hein.  Mus.  Bern.  ii.  p.  S9;  Burm, 
J.  f.  O.  leeO,  p.  248 ;  a.  La-Ptata  Seise,  ii.  p.  464 ;  JWi.  Om.  Brat. 
p.  107  (P);  SeLet  Salv.P.  Z.  S.  1607.  p.  761,  et  1888,  p.  142;  iW. 
toil,  1808,  p.  185;  Too:.  P.  Z.  8.  1874,  p.  530;  Cab.  /./.  O.  1878, 
p.  107. 
Elwnea  parvirostris,  /Wi.  Om.  Brat.  p.  178  fp). 
Elftinta  rmtttta,  ft/s.  On.. /(rn».  pp.  107.177  (P). 
Hwiiea  albivBrtei,  Pet.  Om.  Brat.  pp.  107, 177 ;  Beri.  J.  f.  O.  lf«4, 
p.  301. 
Above  dark  ashy  brown,  with  a  slight  olivaceonB  tinge  on  the 
rump ;  head  slightly  darker,  with  a  raore  or  lees  concoalod  whit« 
vertical  spot;  wings  and  tail  blackish  brown,  tips  of  wing-coTcrts 
(forming  two  trnnsverse  bands)  and  outer  murgina  of  exterior  secon- 
daries dirty  whit«  ;  rest  of  winK-feathers  and  tail-feathers  slightly 
margined  with  lighter  colour :  below  nearly  uniform  pale  cineroons, 
whiter  on  the  throat  and  middle  of  the  belly  ;  under  wing-coverts 
slightly  tinged  with  yellowish  ;  bill  brownish,  paler  at  the  baae ; 
feet  blackish:  whole  length  0  inches,  wing  3'2,  tail  3.     Female 
Bimilar. 

Hoh.  All  South  America,  except  Colombia. 

The  chameters  of  thii*  variable  species  are  tnkeu  from  Bpecimons 
obtained  in  Southern  Peru  by  Whitely,  which  agree  nearly  with 
d'Orbigny'a  tj'pcs  in  the  Paris  jtuseum.  E.  ffriieiffularis  of  'Weslcm 
Ecuador  is  smaller  in  size,  but  is  easily  matched  by  some  Peruvian 
specimens.  So  fax  as  I  can  judge  trom  single  oxamplea,  E.  erit- 
tala  and  H.  albiverttJ!  of  Peteeln  are  inseparable  from  the  present 
species. 

,    Koroma,     Britdsh    Guiana 
( WhUrly). 
Roraiitin,      British     Ouiana 

(WhUeW). 
Meriinji)  Alt^,  Brit.  Guiana 

( Whilflij). 
Onvenne  {Jiitki), 
ValeDcia,  Veaex  uela(  Goering), 
Sarajacu,  Ecundorf  BunWry). 
Jima,  Ecuador  [Burklei/). 
Riobunba,  Ecuador  [^Franer). 


ft.  d  ad. : 


Salvin-Godman  Ooll. 
Sdater  Coll. 
Salvin-Oodmu  Coll. 


Pebu,  E.  Peru  (//awivci?), 

Pebae,  E.  Peru  (HauMivlH. 

Cbyavetas,  E.l'em(Bartletr). 

Iiower  Ucaynli  {Baiiiett). 

E.  Peru. 

E.  Peru  (Farri»). 

E.  Pen  {TKhudT). 


Sdater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Oodman  Ci>U. 
Sclal«r  Coll.      (Type 
otE.griieigutaTU,  Scl. ) 
SalviD-Godinan  Coll. 
ScUler  Coll. 
Sclater  CoU. 
Sdat«r  Coll. 
Sclnter  Coll. 
8clBl«r  ColL 
SelaUTColI.  (Typical 
of  E.  modtiia,  Tsch.) 


51.  SLAJVSA, 


143 


«.  AcLdL 
jr.  Ad.  aL 
y,  Ad.ak. 

«.  (^  ad.8k. 
o*.  $ftd.8k. 

&.  Ad.ak. 
iff  e\  Ad.  sk. 
f.  Ad.  ak. 

^.  Ad.  flk. 
A'.  Ad.  8k. 
t*.  Ad.  ak. 

/.  Ad.  St 

k.  Ad.  8k. 
r.  Ad.  sk. 


m\  Ad.8k. 

n\  Ad.  8k. 
o'.  Ad.  flk. 
Ii*.  Ad.  flk. 
q'.  Ad.8k. 
r*.  ^  ad.8k. 

f*.  $  ad.8k. 

f.  Ad.  sk. 
u'.r'.  cJ  ad.;  w'. 

$ad.sk. 
x\  Ad.  sk. 
y'.  Ad.  sk. 


Huiro,  Peru  (  WhiUly). 
Huiro,  Peru  (  Wkitehf). 
Tambo    Valley,    W.    Peru 

Arequipa,  Peru  (  Whitelu). 

Callaoy  Peru  {Miurkham), 

Bolivia. 

Q\^(Leybold). 

Chili 

ChiU. 

Valparaiso. 

Port  Famine,  Patagonia. 

Magellan  Straits. 

Magellan  Straits. 

Magellan  Straits. 

Taken  at  sea,  H.M.S.  'Alert/ 

in  lat.  30=^  40'  S.,  long.  48*=^ 

27' W. 
Mendoza,    rep.  Arg.    {Bur- 

meigter), 
Belgrano,  Buenos  Ayres. 
Buenos  Ayres  (HasCehust), 
Buenos  Ayres  {Hudson). 
Curytibo,  "Brazil  {Natterer). 
Goyaz,  Brazil  (Natterer). 

GoyaZ)  Brazil  {Natterer), 

Rio  Grande  do  Sul  {PlanJl). 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul  {Jhering), 

Ceara,  Brazil  (Ziets), 
Lagoa     Santa,    S.E.    Brazil 
(Lund), 


Salyin-Godman  ColL 
SdaterColL 
Sclater  OolL 

Sclater  Coll. 
Salyin-Godman  ColL 
T.  Bridges  [C.]. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater  ColL 
C.  Darwin  [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sir  W.  Burnett  and 

Capt.  Fitzroy  [C.l 
Sir  W.  Burnett  and 

Capt.  Fitzroy  [C.]. 
'  Challenger '  Exp. 
The  Admiralty. 


Salyin-Godman  ColL 

H.  Dumford  [C.]. 
Sclater  ColL 
Sclater  CoU. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  CoU.    (E.al^ 

hivertexj  Pelz.) 
Sclater  Coll.       {K 

cridatay  Pelz.) 
Sclater  ColL 
Sclater  Coll. 

Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  ColL 


6.  Elainea  strepera. 

Elainea  strepera,  Cab,  J,f,  O.  1883,  p.  215. 

Above  dark  greyish  olive ;  head  slightly  created,  with  a  white 
basal  spot ;  eye-ring  white ;  wings  and  tail  blackish  ;  tips  of  wing- 
coverts  mfous  ;  slight  margins  of  wing-  and  tail-fcathors  olivaceous  : 
beneath  cinereous,  middle  of  belly  white,  flanks  olivaceous  ;  under 
wing-coverts  pale  cinereous ;  bill  dark  brown,  pale  at  the  base ;  feet 
bla^ish :  whole  length  5*6  inches,  wing  2*9,  tail  2*7. 

Hah,  Argentine  Republic,  Prov.  Tucoman. 

Described  from  a  specimen,  apparently  not  quite  adult,  in  Graf  v. 
Berlepsch's  collection.  Allied  to  E,  albiceps,  but  more  cinereous 
above,  and  distinguished  by  its  white  eye-ring  and  the  rufous  edgings 
of  the  wing-coveits. 


144  TIBIHHIDX. 

7.  Elamea  liypoapodia. 
ElAinea  hjpospodia,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1887,  p.  49. 

Above  dark  cinereouB ;  head  Bubcrested,  with  a  concealed  white  w 
tical  spot ;  wings  blackish,  with  white  t«riainal  spote  on  the  oover 
forming  two  well-defined  cross  bands,  and  the  outer  eecoadari 
marginedaad  terminated  with  whit«;  tail  ashy  like  the  back  :  benea 
pale  cinereous ;  middle  of  belly,  crissum,  and  under  wing-covci 
whit«;  bill  brown,  pale  reddish  at  the  base:  whole  length  S 
inches,  wing  2-9,  tail  2-5. 

Sah.  yeueznela. 

Rather  larger  than  E.  leueoapodia,  and  without  any  trace 
yellow  or  olive  on  its  plumage. 

a.  (J  ad.  sk.  Valencia,  Venezuela  {Ooering).  Sclater  Go 

(Type  of  the  speciej 


8.  El&inea  tacsanowakii. 
Elunea  taczanowskii,  Bert.  Ibit,  1383,  p.  137. 

Above  grey,  with  a  yery  slight  olivaceoos  tingo ;  head  blackisi 
slightly  crested,  with  a  white  basal  spot;  wings  blackish,  winj 
coverts  and  secondaries  margined  with  white  ;  tail  blackish  browi 
beneath  white,  breast  and  sides  cinereous ;  under  wiag-cover 
white  ;  bill  brown,  pale  at  the  base ;  feet  black :  whole  length  4 
inches,  wing  2-4,  tul  2. 

Eab.  8.E.  BraziL 

Described  from  the  typical  speoimen,  from  B&faia,  in  Graf 
Berlepsch's  collection. 


10. 


frantiU. 


EUiiiM  tuxtMa,  LavT.  Ann.  L.  K  Y.  tiu.  p.  173,  at  ii.  p.  43  (Coata 
Rica) ;  FraO*.  J.  f.  O.  1869,  p,  807 ;  S<an.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  197 
fVH»mi») ;  Sd.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  835 ;  Bouc.  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  63 
(CoBta  Rk»);  8cL  tt  fibfe.  Nomena.  p.  49;  iid.  P.  Z.8.  1879, 
p.  618  (Antioquia) ;  Sidgte.  P.  (T.S.  JV.  i£.  v.  p.  496,  et  vi.  p.  393. 

Elunea  pndica,  Sd.P.ZS.  1870,  p.  833 ;  SeLet  Solo.  P.  Z  8.  1870, 
p.  781  (VenMueta) ;  iid.  Nomenel.  p.  49 ;  Berl.  J.  /.  O.  1884, 
p.  808  (Bucaramanga). 


Haad  and  wing  of  Elamtafi-aiUtiu    (P.  Z.  R  1670,  p.  834.) 

Above  dork  olive-brown  ;  head  slightly  crested,  with  a  white  basal 
spot ;  wings  and  tail  blackish  ;  tips  of  the  wing-coverts,  forming 
to«nsverse  banda,  and  outer  margins  of  the  external  secondarica 
whitiah  ;  rest  of  wing-  and  tall-feathura  slightly  margined  with 
olivaceoos  :  beneath  pale  olive-brown  mixed  with  yellowish,  brighter 
in  tho  middle  of  the  belly,  crisauiQ,  and  under  wing-coverts;  bill 
brown,  lower  mandible  reddish  at  tho  hose ;  feet  bluekish  :  whole 
length  6  inches,  wing  32,  tail  2' 7.  Female.  Similar,  but  some- 
times, if  not  always,  without  the  white  vertical  spot. 

Hah.  Guatemala,  and  Centrnl  America  down  to  Panama,  Colombia, 
and  Venezuela, 

I  had  formerly  supposed  that  E.  franUii  had  no  white  vertical 
spot,  and  placed  it  accordingly  in  another  section  of  the  genus.  But 
this  was  an  error,  the  white  spot  having  been  described  by  llr. 
Lawrence  in  his  original  diagnosis  of  the  speciee,  and  being  nn- 
donbtedly  present  in  many  specimens.  I  also  find  the  white  spot 
present  in  some  spedmons  of  Uie  Southern  E.  pttdua,  and  am  now  in- 
dined  to  r^ard  tW  aapposed  species  as  inseparaUe  firom  E.  frantcii. 

a,y  d  S  ad. ;  e.    San  Pedro  Marfrr,  Quatemala    Salvin-Oodnian  Coll. 
$  Od.  sk.  (Salvin). 

d.  i  ad.ek.  Medio  Monte,  Guatemala  {Sal-    Salvin-Oodman  Coll 

e.  Ad.  ak.  Guatemala.  Salvin-Oodman  ColL 
/.  S  ad.  sL          Volcan  de  Airua,  above  8.  IKeso    Sdatet  Coll. 

(SaMn). 


h,  i.  e  ad.  ak. 

j.  Ad.  8k. 

ft.  c;  ad.  ek. 

I.  Ad.  sk. 

m,  n.  cf  $  &d.  Bk. 

0,  Ad.  ak. 

p.  Ad.  sk. 

;.  Ad.  ak. 

r, ».  Ad.  Hk. 
^  (f  ad.sk. 
u.  Ad.  sk. 
D.  Ad.  Bk. 
V.  Ad.  ak. 
X.  $  ad.  sk. 
y.  Ad.  sk. 


Bamnco-Hondo,  Ou&tomala 

(Sa/mn). 
Dota,  Costa  Bica  (Carmiop. 
Irozu    District,  Costa    Rica 

(Rogert). 
Costa  Rica  (Carmoi'/). 
Costa  'KicA  (Bottcard). 
Volcan  de  Cbiriiiui  (Arci). 
Bogota. 


Antioquift,  U.  S.  C.  (Salmon). 
Antioquia,  U.  S.  C.  {Salmon). 
Merida,  Venezuela  (Ooering). 
Merida,  Venezeula  (Oorring). 


ScUter  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salrin-Oodman  Co 
SalTin-Godmon  Co 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sckter  Coa      (Ty 

of  E.  pudica.) 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Oodmaii  Cc 
Salmon  [C.]. 
Salvio-Oodmen  Cc 
ScUter  Coll. 
SalTin-Godman  Cc 
Sclater  CoU. 


11.  EUioea  olivina.    (Plate  XII.) 

l,p.  446;  &/1-.  II 

Above  dark  olive-brown;  head  slightly  crestAd,  with  a  lai 
wfaite  basal  spot ;  wings  and  tail  blackish ;  tips  of  the  wing-covei 
forming  two  weU-marked  transTene  bands,  and  outer  margins 
external  secoDdaries  white,  other  Becondaries  with  slight  whit: 
margins  :  beneath  pale  yellowish,  rather  more  cinereous  on  the  tbroi 
under  wing-coverts  white;  bill  brown,  paler  at  the  base  of  ) 
lower  mandible ;  feet  black :  whole  length  6  inches,  wing  3,  t 
2*6.     Female  similar. 

I/ah.  Interior  of  liritJab  Qui 


51.  BLAOBA. 


U7 


external  Beoondoriee  white,  other  seoondariea  with  alight  whitish 
mftigins;  beneath  pale  yellowish,  cinereous  on  the  throat;  nnder 
wtDgHSOverta  pale  yellowish;  bill  brown,  lower  maadible  paler; 
Caet  bUcldsh  :  whole  length  58  inches,  wing  2-S,  tail  2-(>.  FemtJe 
similar,  bnt  white  Tortical  spot  sometiinee  absent. 

Mab,  EcnadoT  and  Pern. 

This  spedee  is  closely  allied  to  E.  olivina,  bat  is  not  quite  ao 
dark  above  and  not  quite  so  yellow  below.  The  under  wing-coverts 
are  yellowish,  not  white. 

«,  ft.  2  wL  sk.    FaUstaoga,  Ecuador  (H-amr).    Sclater  Coll. 

{Typea  of  the  species.) 
ft  Jr.  sk.  PaUatanga,  Ecuador  (Fra^r).    L.  Frastr. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Vicinity  of  Quito,  Ecuador.         Salvin-Godnian  Coll. 

e,f.  Ad.  sk.         Jima,  Ecuador  (Buckletj).  Satvin-Uodwan  CoU. 

13.  Elainsa  fallaz. 


Head  aud  wing  at  Eluiiiea  fu/iax.    (P.  Z, 


Above  dark  olive-brown ;  head  darker,  slij-htly  created,  with  a 
large  white  baaal  spot ;  wings  and  tail  blackish ;  tips  of  wing- 
coverts  forming  two  white  cross  banda,  and  outer  margina  of 
external  secondaries  whitish  ;  rest  of  wing-  and  tail-feathers 
slightly  margined  with  olivaceous:  below  pale  jollowieh,  rather 
lighter  on  the  middle  of  the  throat;  under  wiug-coverts  pale 
ydlowish ;  bill  dark  brown,  lower  mandible  pale  at  the  baso ;  feet 
blackish:  whole  length   6*3  inches,  wing  27,  tail  2*5.     Female 

Hob.  Jamaica. 

E.  faHax  is  dosely  aUied  to  tho  three  preceding  species,  but  may 
be  distinguished  by  its  smaller  size  and  shorter  bill, 

Jam^ca  (  Ward).  Sclater  ColL 

(Types  of  E.faUax.) 
Salvin-Qodman  Coll. 


B,  (.  Ad.  sk. 
ty  ^  ^  ¥  ad.  sk. 


Jamaica  (AVtcton). 


1,2 


TTRiMJflDa. 


14.  Elaisea  placens. 


ConlrnniBcstre  purdo  verdoea  curona 

».  B7  (?). 
SylviB  viridjcftta,  Vieill.  Nam.   IHH.  : 

p.  433  {y). 


mnrilln,   Aiara,   Apimt.  ii. 
I.  p.  171 ;     ((/.  Enc.  MM. 


Muwicaparo  viridicata.  d'Orb,  Vvu.,  Oi*.  p.  836  {certii), 
Uelinfiea  viiidicata,  JIartl.  Ind,  Az.  p.  11. 
MuBcicapa  elegejis,  d'Oi-h.  ct  Lafr.  Syn.  Ar.  i.  p.  G2  (Boliviti}. 
Elainea  placens,  fiW.  P.Z.S.  1869,  p.  46  fMei.  et  Gualemak), 

1861,  p,  407,  el  1870,  p.  836 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  217 ;  */.  el  Salv. 

Ibii,  m\>,  p.  123,  pi.  4.  f.-2i  iid.  P.Z.S.  1804,  p.  359,  1866. 

pp.  1(28,  031,  1S73,  p.  279,  187C,  pp.  16, 17;  iid.  Nommel.  p.  48,- 

fiWw.  Ibis,  1860,  p.  104;  id.P.Z.%.  1870,  p.  197[  Lawr.  Ann. 

L.  Jt.  y.  vii.  p.  328,  ix.  pp.  lia,  201;  Fronts.  J.f.  O.  1860, 

p,  .10" ;  Taac.  P.  Z.  8. 1877,  p.  326  (Peru) ;  Boucard,  P.  Z.  S.  1883, 

p.  447  (Costa  Rica). 
Elwnea  grata,  Cab.  J./.  O.  1883,  p.  216  (Tucuman)  F 

Above  dull  oliTe-grecn  ;  head  dark  cinereooa,  slightly  crested, 
with  a  large  basal  spot  of  bright  yellow ;  lores  and  eye-region 
mixed  with  whitish  ;  wiugs  and  toil  ashy  black,  with  slight  margins 
of  the  same  colour  as  the  bock :  beoeath  pale  cinereone ;  bellj,  cris- 
Bum,  and  tindur  wing-ooTcrta  pale  sulphar-yellow ;  bill  blackish  ; 
feet  dark  brotrn  :  whole  length  5  inches,  wing  2'5,  tail  2-5.  Female 
similar. 

Hab.  From  Mexico  tliroughout  Central  and  Southern  America  to 
Braxil  and  Bolivia. 

As  will  be  seen  by  tbe  list  of  localities  we  have  now  speoimons  of 
this  species,  originally  deserihed  as  E.  jilatxna  from  Mexican  skins 
and  generally  known  under  that  name,  from  Southern  Pern  and 
Brazil,  I  have  examined  specimens  of  Muiciaipara  viridicata  of 
d'Orbigny  from  Bolivia,  and  find  that  they  cannot  be  separated 
from  the  Peruvian  bin].  It  is  perhaps  a  little  doubtful  whether 
Arara'a  bird,  upon  which  Vieillol  fouDdcd  his  Si/h-tti  I'lridioata, 
should  be  referred  hero ;  but  it  is  quite  probable  that  the  speoies 
oJso  extends  to  Paraguay,  and  that  the  Eln'mea  i/rata  of  Cabanis 
from  Tucnmau  also  belongs  to  it.  But  I  am  unwilling  to  alter  tbe 
name  to  E.  viridicata  until  a  further  supply  of  southera  specimens 
has  been  obtained.  To  employ  the  name  eleijaiis,  which  d'Orbigny 
and  Lafresnayc  first  assigned  to  their  Bolivian  birds,  would  only 
create  fresh  difficulties  by  confounding  this  spccios  with  E.  cla/aHS 
of  Peb-elu. 

II.  5  n.l.  ,k,        Cordova,  Mexico  (*<W). 
b.  Ad.  sk,  Tres  Marias  Is.,  W.  Mexico 

(Forrrr). 

f,  e.  Ad.  sk.         MugercH  1.,  Yucatan  (Gaitmrr),  Solrin-OodmBn  ColL 

/-/.  Ad.  sk.          Cozumcl  1.,  Yucatnn  {Guumfr).  Salvia -t I od man  Coll. 

m.  $  ad.  sk.       Volcan  de  A^iih,  above  San  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

DieRO  {Salnn). 

t>,  0.  Ad.  sk.       Retaluleu,  Guatemala  {Saimn).  Snlvin-Godman  ColL 

;).  Ad.  ftk.            Choctum,  Vera  Par  {Salvin).  Solvia-GodmanCoU. 

q.  Ad.  sk.           Choctum,  Vera  Paz.  Sclater  Coll. 


51.   SLAIKXA. 


149 


r.  $  ad.  ftk. 
#.  Ad.  ak, 
t,  (S  sd.ak, 
tf.  S  &d.fik. 
V.  c?  ad.  aL 
V.  Ad.  sk. 
x,y.  c^  ad.ak. 
2.  Ad.ak. 
a*.  (^  ad.  sk. 
.&'.  Ad.  ak. 
c'.  (J  Ad.  ak. 

d* .  Ad.  ak. 
e'.  c^  ad.  ak. 

/*.  (J  ad.  sk. 
^'.  Ad.  sk. 
k'.  Ad.  at 


Barranca,  Costa  Bica  (Carmiol). 
Tacurriquiy  Costa  Rica  (Arc4), 
Volcan  de  Chiriqiii  {Arc^). 
Chitra,  Veraffua  (ArcS), 
Calovevora,  Veragua  {Arcf), 
Veragua  {Arcf), 
Panama  (McLearman), 
Panama  {McLeannofi), 
Panama  {McLeannan). 
BalMihoYO,  Ecuador  (Fraser), 
Esmeraldaa,  Ecuador  {Fraser). 


(T 


Bogota. 

San   Esteban,   Venezuela 

(Goertng), 
Maranura,  South  Peru  ( Whitely). 
Bahia,  Brazil  {Berlepsch). 
Brazil. 


Salrin-Godman  Coll. 
Salyin-Godman  ColL 
Salvin-Godman  Coll 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Tweeddale  CoJL 
Sclater  CoU.  ( 
Sclater  Coll. ) 
ypes  of  E.  implacens.) 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Purchased. 


15.  Elainea  subplacens. 

Elaineaaubplacens,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1861,  p.  407 ;  id.  Cat  A.  B.ip.  218 ; 
id.  P.  Z.  k  1870,  p.  835 ;  Scl.  et  Scdv.  Nomend.  p.  48 ;  Berl.  et 
Tact,  P.  Z,  S.  1883,  p.  655,  et  1885,  p.  122 ;  Tacz.  Om.  P&r.  ii. 
p.  268. 

Very  similar  in  all  respects  to  E,  placetis,  and  distinguished  only 
by  its  larger  size  and  duller  colour  above.  It  is  also,  perhaps, 
slightly  paler  below.     Whole  length  5-9  inches,  wing  3,  tail  2*9. 

ffab.  Western  Ecuador. 


0,  6.  c?  ad.  sk.      Pallatanga  {Fraser). 


e.  (^  ad.  sk. 

d.  Ad.  sk. 

e.  Ad.  sk. 


Pallatanga  {Fraser). 
Balzar  Mountains,  Ecuador 

{lllingworth). 
Puna  Island,  Ecuador  (Buckley). 


Sclater  Coll.     (Types 

of  E.  subplncens.) 
L.  Fraser  [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


16.  Elainea  cotta. 

Elainea  cotta,  Gosse,  Ami.  N.  H.  ser.  2,  iii.  p.  257  (1849) ;  id.  III.  B. 
Jam.  pi.  45 ;  Sclater ,  P.  Z.  S.  1861,  pp.  76, 408 ;  itl  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  218 ; 
Albrecht,  J.f.  O.  1862,  p.  198;  Set.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  835  j  Scl  et 
Salv.  Nomerid.  p.  48. 

Above  oHve-brown,  slightly  greenish  on  the  rump ;  head  darker, 
slightly  crested,  with  a  large  basal  spot  of  bright  yellow ;  wings  and 
tail  brownish  black;  secondaries  slightly  margined  externally 
with  yellowish :  beneath  pale  cinereous,  belly  tinged  with  stdphur- 
yellow;  under  wing-coverts  pale  sulphur-yellow;  bill  brown, 
paler  at  the  base  of  the  lower  mandible ;  feet  black :  whole  length 
5  inches,  wing  1*7,  tail  1*5.  Female  similar,  but  without  the 
yellow  vertical  spot. 

Hah.  Jamaica. 


TTBiNBIDJ:. 


This  bird  belongs  to  the  grroup  of  E,  jtlaceat,  but  is  Binaller  in 
she  llian  that  Bpscies,  and  has  a  more  constricted  bill ;  it  is  also 
mucb  darker  in  colonr  above. 


d.  Ad.  tk. 

e.  Ad.  8k. 
/  ?  ad.  sk. 
g.  Ad,  Bk. 
h.  Ad,  ak. 


Jamaica  (Oebiim). 
Jamaica  (Gai4p). 
Jamaica  (Ooise). 
Jamaica. 

Jamaica  (Kewfon). 
Jamaica, 
Jamaica  {Chitty). 


SclateP  GolL 
Sclater  CoU. 
Balrin-Godman  Coll. 
P.  H.  Gosse  [C], 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 
Salvin-Godraau  OolL 
Jardioe  Call, 


1 7.  £laiiiea  ^aimardl. 

Muscicapa  albicilla,  <rOct.  H  Lafr.  Syn.  i,  p.  52  (1837). 
Muadcapaja  gdimardi,  (TOrJ.  roj/.,  Oi*.  p.  326  (1840). 
Elainea  caniceps,  Sci.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  317  -,  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1861,  -p.  407, 

etl870,  p.836;  ftir.  Om.  Srai.  p.  107 ;  Scl.  el  8al,:  P.  Z.S.  IBS?, 

p.  978,  et  1873,  p.  279;  Cab.  J.f.  Om.  1874,  p.  88;  Tacs.  Om. 

Tfr.  ii.  p.  869. 
Elwuea  elegans,  Feb.  Om.  Sriu.  p.  107 ;  StI.  et  Sah.  P.  Z.  &  1888, 

pp,  028. 631,  et  l!*7JI,  p,  814 ;  Set.  P.  Z.  S.  1870.  p.  835 ;  Taa.  Oth. 

Pir.  ii.  p.  206 ;  Sah.  Il/it,  188.5,  p.  298  (Brit.  Guiana), 
Elainia  macilvainii,  Lamr.  Ann.  L.  h'.  ¥.  x.  p.  10  ()871)  ;  Salv.  Ibii, 

1874,  p.  315  (Panama). 

Above  palo  greenish  olive  ;  head  blaokiah,  slightly  created,  with 
a  largo  baBsl  spot  of  yellowiah  white,  more  or  less  Btroogly  coloured ; 
wings  and  tail  blackish  brown  ;  wing-coverts  broadly  margined 
with  yellowiiib  white,  forming  two  transverse  bands ;  secondaries 
estemally  margined  with  yellowish  while:  beneath  pale  cinereona; 
abdomen  more  or  leas  strongly  tinged  with  sulphur-yellow ;  under 
wing-coverts  aulpbur-yellow :  bill  dark  honi-colonr;  feet  black: 
whole  length  4-3  inches,  wing  2'2,  tail  2.     Female  similar. 

Hal.  S,  America,  from  Panama  down  to  Brazil  and  Bolivia. 

Mr.  Salvin  and  I  have  hitherto  referred  specimens  of  this  spedce 
to  E.  eanieeps,  8w.,  and  E.  tletfmg,  Pelz.  ISut  there  is  much  varia- 
tion in  the  tinge  of  yellow  in  the  crest,  which  was  our  chief  guide 
in  separating  these  two  supposed  species.  1  now  unite  the  whole 
series  under  tho  title  E.  gaimardi,  baving  ascertained  that  the 
it['scicrt/>ara  ffaimardi  of  d'Orbigny  undoubtedly  belongs  hei¥. 


n 

Sad.sk. 
Ad.  sk. 

h 

Ad.  sk. 

Ii 

C.   Ad.  8k. 

f 

Ad.  sk. 

? 

Ad.  Bk. 

Ad.  6k. 

.■. 

5  ad.  sk. 

)■ 

i.  rf$sk 

$  ad.sk. 

Panama  (SIcLeannan), 

Panama  (McLeatinaii). 

Panama  (MeLrannan). 

Bogota. 

Bogota. 

San  Esta'ian,  Venezuela, 

San     i^tnban,     Venezuela 

(Gofriiig). 
San     Estaban,      Venezuela 

(  Goering). 


lioraima,  Br.  Guiana  (  TVhit 


Salviu-Qodman  Coll. 
Sclater  CoU. 
Tweeddale  CoU, 
Sckter  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  CoU, 
Sclater  tlolL 
Sclater  CoU. 

Salv-in-Godmnn  ColL 


iWy). 


51.  ELADIEA,  151 

m.  $  ad.  ak.  Meramd    Mts.,    Brit.  Guiana  Salvin-^Godman  Coll. 

{WhiteUf), 

iii  0.  c7  $  ad.  ak.    Camacosa,    Brit.     Guiana  Salyin-Godman  ColL 

(  WMtdu). 

1>>  y.  cJ  ?  »d.  ak.    Bartica   Grove,   Brit  Guiana  Salvin-Godman  OolL 

(WhUely). 

r.  Ad.  ak.  Guiana.  Sclater  Coll. 

s.  Ad.  sk.  Cayenne.  Sclater  CoU. 

t  Ad.  sk.  Gyapoc,  Cayenne.  Purchased. 

«.  cJ  ad.  ak.  Borba,  Brazil  (NaUerer),  Sclater  Coll. 

(Typical  of  JEl  ekgans,  Pelz.) 

V.  cJ  ad.  ak.  Pebas,  E.  Peru  {HauxweU).  Sclater  Coll. 

w.  J  ad.  ak.  Pebas,  E.  Peru  {Hauxwell).  Salvin-Godman  Coll 

X.  Ad.  ak.  Simacu,  Bolivia  (Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

y.  Ad.  at.  Brazil  (?).  Purchased. 

18.  Elainea  flaviyertez. 

Ekinea  flavivertex,  Scl.  P,  Z,  S.  1887,  p.  49. 

Above  olive-green,  rather  paler  on  the  rump;  head  blackish, 
slightly  created,  with  a  large  basal  spot  of  bright  yellow ;  wings 
blackish,  both  rows  of  wing-coverts  broadly  tipped  with  yellowish, 
forming  two  transverse  bands  ;  secondaries  margined  externally 
with  yellowish ;  tail  brown,  with  slight  olivaceous  margins ;  beneath 
dnereons,  lighter  on  the  throat ;  belly  tinged  with  sulphur-yellow ; 
nnder  wing-coverts  pale  sulphur-yellow  ;  bill  brown  ;  feet  blackish  : 
whole  length  4*6  inches,  wing  2*3,  tail  2*1. 

Hah,  Upper  Amazonia. 

This  species  resembles  E,  gaimardi^  but  is  much  darker  below, 
and  has  a  fiery  yellow  crest  liko  E,  placens. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Upper  Ucayali  {Bartlett).  Sclater  Coll.     (Type 

of  the  species). 
6.  Ad.  sk.  Upper  Ucayali  {Bartlett).  E.  Bartlett  [C.]. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Elvira,  E.  Peru  (Hmu'weU).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

19.  Elainea  caniceps. 

Tjrrannula  caniceps,  Sw.  B.  Brazil,  t.  49 ;  Bp.  Cmisp.  i.  p.  191. 
Elainea  caniceps,  Pelz.  Orn.  Bras.  p.  107  (?). 

Above  olive-green ;  upper  part  of  the  back  cinereous  ;  head  dark 
cinereous,  slightly  crested,  with  a  large  basal  spot  of  white,  slightly 
tinged  with  yellow ;  wings  and  tail  blackish  ;  tips  of  wing-coverts, 
forming  two  transverse  bands,  and  outer  margins  of  the  secondaries 
pale  yellowish  white :  beneath  pale  cinereous,  almost  white  on  the 
beUy ;  crissum  and  under  wing-coverts  slightly  tinged  with  yellow ; 
bill  dark  brown ;  feet  blackish :  whole  length  4  inches,  wing  2'2, 
tail  1-7. 

Hob.  S.E.  Brazil. 

My  description  is  from  a  single  skin  from  the  collection  of  Messrs. 
Salvin  and  Godman,  which  is,  I  think,  more  likely  to  be  the  true 
Tyrannula  caniceps  of  Swainson  than  any  other  bird  I  have  met 


152  TjRijimDM. 

with.    It  belongs  to  the  group  of  E,  gaimardt,  but  is  of  a  nearly 
uniform  cinereous  whifo  below,  with  very  slight  tingo  of  yeljowiah, 
as  portrayed  in  Swainsou's  tiguro.     A  eimilor  akin  is  in   Graf  r. 
Berlepaoh'e  collection. 
a.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Salvin-Oodmaa  Coll. 


20.  Elainea  rnficeps. 

Elainea  rnficeps,  Pelz.  Om.  Brat.  pp.  108, 170 ;  Sc!.  et  Solo.  Nomencl. 
p.  ^;  SiUv.  Ibii,  1886,  p.  2U4. 

Above  dark  olive-brown;  bead  slightly  crested,  with  a  large 
nuchal  spot  ot  dull  red  :  wings  and  tail  blackish ;  tips  of  the  wing- 
coverta,  forming  two  bars,  and  outer  margins  of  external  secondaries 
whitiah :  beneath  dirty  white,  obscurely  streaked  with  wnereoua ; 
belly  tinged  with  yellowish ;  under  wing-coverts  clear  yellowish 
white ;  bill  brown,  polor  at  the  base  of  the  lower  mandible ;  feet 
black  :  whole  length  5'2  inches,  wing  2'7,  tail  2-2.  I^male  sinular, 
but  red  nucbal  spot  less  developed. 

Hah.  Guiana  and  Amazonia. 

This  species  is  very  well  marked  by  its  dark  colour  and  red 
crest. 


a-c.  ^  bA.  i  d-f.      Uenim£  Mts.,  Brit.  Gal. 

(f  2  ad.flk.  (WAitcb/). 

ff.  A.  d  2  ad.Bk.        MflnimS  Sits.,  Brit.  Gui 

(  Whitel!/). 
i.  Ad.  at.  Oyapoe,  Cayenne. 


Salvin-Oodmou  Coll. 
Sdnter  Coll. 
Sclater  CoU. 


21.  £laiiiea  obBcnra. 

Huscipetft  obacwa,  la/r.  et  d'Orb.  Si/n.  Av.  i.  p,  48  (18S7). 
Muscipota  guillemini,  (fOrb.  Coy,,  Oit.  p.  319. 
Elainea  ruBlicB,  Sd.  P.  Z.  &  18(51,p.  406:  iii.  (Ml.  A.  B.  p.  218. 
Eittinea  obecura,   Cab.  m   Tteh.  Prmn.  Per.,  Om.  p,   lo8 ;  C'aA.  et 

Jlein.  Mut.  ifcitt.  ii.  p.  66;  Sd.  P.  Z.  8.  1870,  p.  835 ;  ft&.  On. 

Brru.  p.  108 ;  Sd.  ci  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1876,  p.  16  ;  iid.  A^wnmri  p.  49 ; 

Taci.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  536, 1879,  p.  206,  et  1880,  p.  203 :  iW.  Or* 

Pir.  ii.  p.  270. 
MusCicapa  olivacea,  Lafr.  H  d'Orb.  fi^».  Av.  i.  p.  54  (P). 
Muscicapara  boliviana,  d'Orb.  Foy.,  Oi«.  p.  468(P), 
Elwnea  olivacea,  Set.  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  p.  4ti,  et  1891,  p.  408    id.  Oat. 

A.  B.  p.  218. 
Elainea   obecura  rustica,  Berl.  el  Jher.  ZeiUckr.  get.   Orn.  188& 

p.  132. 

Above  dark  olive-brown  ;  head  slightly  crested,  but  with  no  ver- 
tical spot;  wings  and  tail  blackish  brown;  tips  of  wing-coverts, 
forming  two  transverse  bands,  and  outer  margins  of  external  secon- 
darios  dirty  white;  beneath  cinereous,  middle  of  belly  yellowish ; 
imdor  wing-covert8  greyish  white;  bill  brown,  pale  reddish  at  tho 


51.  SLASfEA.  153 

base ;  feet  dark  hom-oolonr :  whole  length  6*5  inches,  wing  3*5, 
tail  3*3.    Female  similar. 

Jffab.  Southern  Brazil,  Bolivia,  and  Southern  Peru. 

The  large  size  and  entire  absence  of  the  vertical  spot  distinguish 
this  species. 

a.  c^  ad.  sk.  Ypanema,  S.E.  Brazil  (Natt),  Sdater  Coll. 

&,  e.  c?  ad.  ak.        Sao  Paolo,  Brazil  {Joyner),  Salvin-Godman  Ck)ll. 

d  c^  ad.  sk.  Pdotas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Braal  (Joyner). 

e.  cT  ad.  fik.  Lagoa    Santa,    Minas,  Brazil  Sclater  Coll. 

(Lund). 

f.  ^  niLf^  Hio    Grande   do   Sul,    Biazil    Sclater  CoU. 

(Jhering), 

g.  Ad.  ak.  South  Brazil  {SdU),  Sclater  Coll. 
K  Jr.  ak.               Brazil.                                           Sclater  CoU. 

i,j.  Ad  ak.  Tilotilo,  Yungas,  Bolivia  (2?t<cAj-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

lef), 

k.  Ad.  sk.  Bolivia.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Huiro,  Peru  (  Whttely).  Sclater  Coll. 

m.  cT  ad.  sk.  Huiro,  Peru  (  Whiten/).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

22.  Elainea  mesoleuca. 

Elainea  mesoleuca,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein,  ii.  p.  60 ;  Scl.  Cat. 

A.  B.  p.  217  ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1861,  p.  407,  et  1870,  p.  835 ;  Scl.  et  Salv. 

Notnencl.  p.  49 ;  Berl.  et  Jher.  Zeitachr.  gee.  Orn.  1885,  p.  132. 
Moscipeta  modesta,  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  923  (?). 

Above  uniform  olive-green ;  wings  and  tail  blackish  brown ;  tips 
of  wing-coverts,  forming  two  transverse  bars,  and  outer  margins  of 
external  secondaries  white ;  rest  of  wing  and  tail-feathers  very 
narrowly  margined  with  olive  :  beneath  pale  grey,  tinged  with  olive- 
green  on  the  breast  and  flanks ;  middle  of  belly  pure  white ;  under 
wing-coverts  white  tinged  with  yellowish ;  upper  mandible  brown, 
lower  white,  tipped  with  brown  ;  feet  dark  brown :  whole  length 
5'2  inches,  wing  3*1,  tail  2*5.     Female  similar,  but  rather  smaller. 

Hah.  S.E.  Brazil. 

Some  specimens  of  E.  alhiceps,  in  which  the  vertical  spot  is  absent, 
come  very  near  this  species,  and  have  caused  me  some  difficulty. 
But  the  examples  assigned  to  this  species  are  of  a  clearer  lighter 
olive-green  above,  although  I  am  by  no  means  sure  that  they  are 
anything  more  than  females  and  young  of  E.  alhiceps.  (Cf.  v.  Ber- 
lepsch,  Zeitschr.  ges.  Orn.  1885,  p.  133.) 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Bahia,  Brazil  (  Wucherer).  Sclater  Coll. 

b,  c.  Ad.  sk.  Bahia,  Brazil  (  Wucherer).  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

23.  Elainea  arenanun. 

Elainea  arenarum,  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  190;  Laivr.  Ann.  L.  N.  T. 
ix.  p.  112 ;  Frantz.  J.  /.  0. 1869,  p.  307;  Sd.  et  Salv.  Nomencl 

Above  dark  cinereous  with  a  slight  olive  tinge ;  head,  wings,  and 


164  TTRARlnilS. 

tan  Uackieh ;  oat«r  margina  of  wing-coverU  and  seoondaric 
narrow  tips  of  ttul-feathers  whitish :  beneath,  throat  and  breat 
cinereous  white ;  beUy  and  under  wing-coverts  pale  snlphur-yi 
bill  horn-coloui ;  feet  blackieh ;  whole  length  55  inches,  win 
tail  2-6. 

B<A.  Costa  Bica. 

Only  known  from  the  type  specimen. 

a,  J  ad.  ak.         Punta  Arenas,  Costa  Kica  (0.  Salvin-Oodma 

Salviti).  (Type  of  the  B[ 

24.  Elaineft  afSau. 

EUdnea  affinis,  Burnt.  Suit.  Ueb.  ii  p.  477 ;  Pe&.  Orn.  Breu.  \ 

Sd.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  838  i  Scl.  et  So/p.  JVonwnrf.  p.  49. 
Musdcapa  jocosa,  Lvnd,  MS. 
Above  grey;  rump  yellowiab  ;  wingB  blackish ;  wing-cover 
onter  secondaries  externally  margined  with  greyish  white 
black,  with  a  broad  yeUowish'white  band  at  the  base,  and 
whitish  end-band  :  beneath,  throat  and  breast  pale  cinereous ; 
and  under  wing-coverta  pale  sulphur-yellow  :  whole  length  6  i 
wing  3-2,  tail  2-8,     Female  similar. 
Ha/>.  S.E.  Braril. 

a.  9  ad.sk.  Lagoa  Santa,  Hiaas,  Brazil  (Lund),  SclaterCoU. 
(.  S  ad.  sk.  Rio  das  Pedras,  Brazil  (NalUrer).  Sclater  CoU. 
c.  Ad.  sk.       Bahia,  Brazil.  SalTin-Oodma 


Sniriri,  d'O-b.  Fey.,  OU.  p.  3S6  (1840) E. 

Empidagm,  Oib.  tl  Heine,  Mtu.  Hem.  ii.  p.  69  (1859)    E. 

■j  close  to  Elabifa,  hut  mny  be  distin 


53.  LEOATX78.  155 

and  outer  secondaries  broadly  margined  externally  with  white; 
outer  webs  of  outer  tail-feathers  white ;  outer  edges  of  primaries  and 
narrow  ends  of  tail-feathers  cinereous :  beneath  white ;  under  wing- 
oorerts  pale  yellowish  white ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  5*5 
inches,  wing  2*9,  tail  2*5. 

Hab.  Uruguay,  Paraguay,  Argentine  Republic,  and  Bolivia. 

a.  Ad.  sL  Uruguay.  Alan  Peel  [C.]. 

5.  2  ad.  sk.  Conchitas,  Buenos  Ayres  {Hudson),  Sclater  ColL 

c  Ad.  sL  Buenos  Ayres.  C.  Darwin  [CJ. 

(Type  of  Pachyrhamphus  albesceru,  Gould.) 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Buenos  Ayres  (Burmeiater).  Sclater  Coll. 

e,f.  Ad.  sk.  Buenos  Ayres.  Zool.  Sec.  Coll. 

fff  h.  Ad.  sk.  Buenos  Ayres  (P).  J.  Gould,  Esq. 


2.  Empidagra  brevirostris. 

Elainea  brevirostris,  Tsch,  Wiegm.  Arch.  x.  Bd.  i.  p.  274  (1844);  id. 

JP.  P.,  Av€$,  p.  159 ;   Tacz.  Orn.  P&r.  ii.  p.  272 ;  Cah,  in  Schofnb. 

Guiana,  iii.  p.  701 ;  Salv.  Ibis,  1885,  p.  295. 
Empidagra  brevirostris,  Cab.  Mu9.  Hein.  ii.  p.  59. 

"  Above  cinereous  olive ;  cap  darker ;  wings  and  tail  brown ; 
lesser  wing-coverts  brown  tipped  with  white  :  beneath  yellowish ; 
throat  white."     {Tscliudi,) 

Hah,  Eastern  Peru  and  Guiana. 


53.  LEOATUS.  ^ 

Type. 
Legatus,  Scl  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  4G L.  albicollis. 

In  Legatus,  a  form  of  much  the  same  general  structure  as  the  two 
preceding  genera,  we  find  a  rather  shorter  and  much  wider  bill. 
This  form  ranges  throughout  the  Neotropical  Region  except  in  the 
extreme  south. 

1.  Legatus  albicollis. 

Barbichon  de  Cayenne  (  $  ),  Daub.  PL  Enl.mO.  f.  2. 
Suiriri  chorreado  sin  roxo,  Azara,  Apunt.  ii.  p.  123. 
Tyrannus  albicollis,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Bid.  xxxv.  p.  89 ;  id.  Enc.  MHh, 

p.  854. 
Muscicapa  legatus,  Licht,  Doiibl.  p.  50. 
Muscicapa  citrina,  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  917. 
Muscipeta  albicollis,  d^Orb.  et  Lafr.  Syn.  Av.  i.  p.  47 ;  d'Orb,  Voy,, 

Ois.  p.  318. 
Tyrannus  circumcinctus,  Sw.  Om.  Dr.  pi.  60. 

Srannula  albicollis,  Hartl.  Ind.  Azar.  p.  12. 
senea  albicollis,  Cab,  in  ScJmnb.  Guian,  iii.  p.  701 ;  Burm,  Syst, 
Ueb.  ii.  p.  473. 
Legatus  albicollis,  Sclater ^  P.  Z.  S.  1^59,  u.  40,  et  1800,  p.  08 ;  id.  Cat. 
A,  B.  p.  218 ;  Cab,  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  00 ;  Lawr,  Ann. 
L,  N,  Y,  vii.  p.  472,  viii.  p.  177,  ix.  p.  112 ;  Scl,  et  Salv,  P.  Z.  S. 


1864,  p.  850,  1867,  pp.  148,  577,  et  1879,  p.  614;  iVrf.  NomencL 

p.  49 ;  Frantz.  J.  f.  O.  18C0,  p.  307 ;  Sa/p.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  197 ; 

td.  Ibis,  1886,  p.  295   (Brit.  Guiana)  ;  Ftk.   Ont  Snu.  p.  108  ; 

Lttuard,  liu,  1878,  p.  382;    Cab.  J.  f.   0.   1874,  p,  88;  Bohc. 

P.Z.S.  1878,  p.  03  i  Stofo.  e(  Oodm.  Ibii,  1880,  p.  124;  Tart. 

P.Z&lSaa,?.™;  ia.  Oi-d. i¥r. ii.  p. 273 :  Berl. et  Tuk.  P. Z. S. 

1883,  p.  666 1  fiw/.  J./.  0. 1884,  p.  302. 
EUeiua  vnriegittB,  Sctat<T,  P.  Z,  8. 1856,  p.  306. 
Legatus  vsriegatus,  StMer,  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  806,  et  1S64,  p.  176 ;  id. 

/W«,  1859,  p.  442 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  P.p.  217 ;  Cah.  et  Erin.  Mm.  Uein. 

ii.  p.  60;  Scl.  et  Solv.  Ibis,  1866,  p.  123;  iid.  Nomencl.  p.  49; 

Lamr.  Ann.  L.  N.  T.  Tii.  pp.   328,  472,  is.  p.  112 ;  Cab.  J.  f.  O. 

1801,  p.  246 ;  Frar^tz.  J.f.  O.  1809,  p.  307. 

Above  brown  ;  head  rather  darker;  auparciUariefl  oonnected  by  n 
stripe  round  the  nape  white  ;  more  or  less  concealed  Tertical  spot 
Bulphur-yollow ;  wings  and  tail  blackish  brown;  narrow  external 
edgings  to  the  wing-coverla  and  outer  secondaries  whitish;  beneath, 
throat  white,  bordered  on  each  side  by  a  narrow  black  mystacal 
atripe ;  breast  flammulated  with  blackish ;  belly  and  under  wing- 
eoverte  pale  sulphur-yellow :  bill  and  feet  black  :  whole  length  5-8 
inches,  wing  3'2,  tail  2-5,     Female  similar. 

Mad.  America,  from  Uenco  southwards  to  South  Brazil. 

At  one  time  I  thought  it  possible  to  distinguish  the  Mexican  form  of 
this  species  aa  E.  variei/ata,  but  the  examinntion  of  the  large  wries 
now  before  mo  has  convinced  me  that  no  such  separation  is  necessary. 
Some  Mexican  specimens  are  certainly  of  abnormally  large  dimen- 
sions (wing  3'7),  hut  in  other  respects  may  he  matched  by  examples 
from  more  southern  localities. 


.  Ad.  sk,  Cordova,  Moj 


h.  Ad.  sk. 
e.  Ad.  ek. 

d.  Ad.  ek. 

e.  iS  ad.  sk. 
/.  Ad.  Bk. 
a.  S  ad.  sk. 
l,i.  Ad.; 


I,  m.  e  ad.  sk. 
n.  Ad,  ak. 
o.  Ad,  sk, 
p.  (f  jr.  sk. 
q.  Ad.;  r, 

t.  $ad.ak. 
;.  Ad.  sk. 
«(,  Ad.  sk. 
V.  <;  ad.  sk. 
v>,  d  od.  sk. 

.1-.    Ad.  Bk. 

».  Ad.  sk, 
=.  Jr.  sk. 


Mexico. 

Jalapn,  Mexico  (dt  Oca). 

Lbs  Saliniis,  Vtra  Phx  (Salvin). 

CababoD,  Guntemala  (Saldu). 

Ohiaec,  Ouatenula  (Swd'n), 

San  Jos^  Costa  Rica  {Carmiol), 

Tucurriqui,  Costa  llica  (Arce). 


ScL) 


SaUiJ[C.].    (T; 
L.  varifgalut, 

Purchased. 
Sclater  Ooll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godnian  CoU. 
Salviu-Godman  Coll, 
Salvin-Godman  CoU, 
Salvin-Godnutn  Coll. 


La  Barranca,  Nicoyn,  Costa  Rica    Salvin-God: 

(.ird). 
Ohitm,  Versgua  (Arci). 
Venigus  (Ai-ei). 
Chiriqui  (Aivi). 
Bugaba,  Chiriqui  {Aref). 
Panama  (McLearman). 

Panama  (Hagkes). 

Paroiso  Station,  Panama  (ffng/ia). 

Mines,  U,  8.  C.  (iSimons), 

Pallatango,  Ecuador  (I^aier). 

Bogota, 

Bogota. 


n  CoU. 


Salvin -Godmau  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Qodinan  ColL 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 

Sclater  CoU. 
Salvin-Oodman  CoU. 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  C-oll. 
SalvinJ^odmon  CoU. 
J.  Gould,  Esq. 


«■.  Ad.  A, 

f.A±Ek. 

ff'.  (f  ad.  sk. 
h',i:  Ad.  Bk. 
j'.  Ad.  ak. 
f.  Ad.  it 


OMH»ciMa,Brit.  Guiana(  ffaffely). 
Bortica  Qiove,   Brit.   Ouisna 

Cftjenne. 

Faia,  Lower  Anuuons  (  Wailaoe). 

Pnra  (ITaUaM). 

SarSTOCu,  Ecuador  (Buekky). 

Sa5  Psolo,  Bmzil  {Joyner). 

Bnuil. 

Biszil. 

BruiL 


SclAter  ColL 
Solvin-Qodman  ColL 
Sdater  CoU. 
SnlTin-Oodmui  CoU. 
SalTin-Oodmau  CoU 
Purchased. 
Salrin-Oodman  Coll. 
J.  Gould,  Esq. 


54.  SUBLEGATUS. 
SnUqikbu,  SO.  et  Sale.  P.  Z.  S.  187fl,  p.  ]  7£ 


StTjictuie  ut  Suilyatus  fflabtr.     (P.  Z.  S.  IftkS,  p.  U'J.) 

This  is  a  modified  form  of  Leijatin  with  a  nearly  Kimilar  bill  but 
not  quite  bo  wide,  and  the  rictus  nearly  smooth.  Tho  three  species 
kre  fotmd  la  South  America  from  Cayenne  to  Argentina. 

1.  SnblegatQB  glaber. 
MuHiCBpa  priseicollis,  Lklit.  in  Mue.  Berol. 
Legatus  sp/inc.,  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  210. 
Snbl^atus  glaber,  iki.  et  Sah.  V,  Z.  S.  18W,  p.  171,  pi.  xiii.  fig.  2; 

iid.  Komencl.  p.  40 ;   Wyntt,  Jbit,  lt*71,  p.  333  (Colombia). 
Empidonax  atrirostria,  inter.  I'rac.  Ac.  Sc.  I'hil.  1871,  p.  234:  cf. 

Salvin,  Ibia,  1874,  p.  316. 

Above  dark  cinereous,  with  a  slight  olivaceons  tingo ;  head,  wings, 
and  tail  blackish ;  slight  outer  margins  of  the  wing-coverte  and 
external  secondaries  and  lores  whitish  :  beneath,  throat  and  breast 
pale  cinereous  white  %  belly  and  under  wing-coverts  pale  lemon- 
yellow  ;  bill  dork  brown  ;  feet  blockish  :  whole  length  5'3  inches, 
wing  2-8,  tMl  2-6.     FemaU  similar. 

Sab.  Yenemela  and  Colombia. 


r 


a.  iS  od.  dk.         Camccaa,  Venezuela  {Qoering). 


b.  2  ad.  Bk. 

«.  Ad.  8k. 

f.  Jr.  at. 


Valeocia,  Venezuela  {Ooerwg), 

ViiluDcia  {Ooering). 

Veneiuela. 

Bogota, 

S.  America. 


Solater  Coll.    {Type 

of  the  speeieB,) 
Sclnter  Coll. 
SalTiD-Qodman  Coll. 
Sdftter  Coll. 
Solvin-aodmaa  Coll. 
Putcbased. 


'2.  Snblegatm  griseocalaria. 

ElalQea  griseooulfliiB,  Landbeck,  MS. 

SublegatuBgrigeocularu,  ^e;.  «<&i^.  P.  Z&ld76,  p.  17;  T.ta!.Om. 
Fir.  ii.  p.  274 ;  Set.  H  Uwit.  Arg.  Om.  i.  p.  U7. 

Above  cinereous ;  wings  and  tail  dark  ashy  brown ;  margins  of 
wing-coTerts  and  outor  secondariua  wliitisb :  beneutb.,  tbroat  aod 
breast  pale  cinereous  white ;  bellj  and  under  wing-coverta  pale 
lemou-yellow !  bill  hom-colour;  i'eet  dark  brown:  whoio  length 
5  inches,  wing  2'8,  tail  25.     PfmaU  Birailaj. 

Hab.  S,  Peru  and  Northern  La  I'Jata. 

In  general  colour  this  species  much  resembles  S.  glaber,  but  it  is 
rather  more  cinereous  above,  has  a  shorter  and  smaller  bill,  and  is 
rather  smaller  in  dimeneions. 

a,  ^  ad.  sk.  Maranum,  S.  Peru  (  Mlutdy).  Sclnter  Coll. 

b.  2  dd.  sk,  Maranura,  S.  Peru  (  WhiU'ly).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
0.  (J  jr.  ak.  Mendoza,  rep,  Aj^.f  FrtfiMAawpO.  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 
d.  5  jr.  ak,  Mendoza,  rep,  Arg.  (  WcUihaupt).  Sclater  Coil. 


3.  SublegatoB  pla^hynchos. 

Musdpetft  inconescens,  Max.  Seifr.  iii.p,  808  (1831)P 
Sublegatus  incaaeacens,  Sah'.  H  Qodia.  IbU,  liiSl,  p.  124 (Colombia). 
Sublegatus  murinus,  Sd.  ri  Salo.  Notnenct.  p,  49  (nee  8ptx). 
Phyllomjina  platyrliyncha,  Scl.  H  Sato.  Nomencl.  pp,  &,  160, 
Phyllomjiafl  aemifuacu,  Zfefe,  Orn.  Brtu.  p.  105  (nee  Set.). 

Above  ashy  brown,  head  rather  darker ;  wings  and  tail  blackish, 
wing-coverts  and  secoudariea  margiasd  oxterually  with  whitish: 
beneath,  throat  and  breast  pale  cinereous  white;  belly  and  under 
wing-coverts  pale  lemon-yellow ;  hill  and  feet  dark  brown  ;  whole 
length  4'5  inches,  wing  2'5,  tail  '2'3,     FemaU  similar. 

Uab.  W.E,  Brazil. 

Of  the  same  general  colour  as  the  last  two  species,  but  slightly 
umaller  in  size  than  S.  grig^ocularit  and  of  a  darker  colour  above, 
Whether  this  ia  really  the  Munciptta  incaiuaeeiM,  Uax.,  seems  to  be 
doubtful.  I  theroforo  use  for  it  a  name  which  has  oertalnly  been 
applied  to  it, 


a.  Ad,  ek. 

Uahia,  Brazil, 

Sclater  Coll. 

6.  Jr,  sk. 

Baliia,  Brazil. 

Salviu-Uodman  Coll 

c.  Jr.  8k. 

Saa  Paolo,  Brawl  {Joyner). 

Salvin-Godmau  Coll 

55.  MTIOZBISISS.  159 

dL  $  ad.  ftk.           Goiaz,  firazil  {NaUerer).  SclaterColl.  (Typeof 

Phylhmifias  platyrhyncha.) 

e,  Jr.  ak.               Mezianay    Lower    Amazons  Sdater  Coll. 

(Wallace). 

/.  Ad.  ak.              Lower  ArnkzanB  (Wallace),  Sclater  Coll. 

g.  ^  ad.  ak.           Minca^  S.  N.  of  Santa  Marta  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Simotu),  (Probably  different) 


55.  MYIOZETETES.  ,p_ 

Type. 
Myiozeta^  Bp,  Contp,  Syst,  Om,  p.  80  (1854). 
MyiozeteteSy  ScL  P.  Z,  8. 1859,  p.  46. M.  cayennensis. 

This  is  a  widely  prevalent  form  of  Tyrannine  life  all  through  the 
Neotropical  Begion,  except  in  Chili  and  Patagonia.  The  species  are 
very  difficult  to  discriminate  satisfactorily,  but  I  am  disposed  to 
allow  seven  as  really  separable. 

In  strncture  MyiozeteU^  is  a  robust  version  of  ElaiuM^  with  a 
stronger  beak  and  feet,  and  slightly  bristled  rictus. 

Key  to  the  Species, 

A.  With  white  superciliaries. 

a'.  Primaries  margined  outwardly  and  in- 
wardly with  red. 
{Larger ;  red  on  wing  more  prevalent    1.  erythropterusy  p.  159. 
Smaller ;  red  on  wing  less  prevalent    2.  cayennenm^  p.  160. 
b'.  Primaries  mamned  outwardly  with  red, 

inwardly  with  fulvous 3.  similiSf  p.  101. 

c'.  Primaries  margined  outwardly  with  oli- 
vaceous, inwardly  with  fulvous 4.  texenms,  p.  162. 

B.  Without  white  superciliaries. 
d'.  Head  grey. 

I  Snuuler ;  bill  shorter     5.  yranadensiSf  p.  163. 

]  Larger  ;  bill  longer    0.  sulphureus,  p.  164. 

e*.  Head  dark  olive  like  the  back  7.  luteiDentrisj  p.  164. 

1.  Myiozetetes  erythroptems. 

Tvrannula  erythroptera,  Lafr.  Rev.  Zool.  IB/iS,  p.  o6. 
>lyiozetetes  erythropterus,  ScL  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  761 ;  Soi.  et  Salv. 
NomencL  p.  49. 

Above  dark  olive-brown ;  head  black ;  large  and  distinct  super- 
ciliaries white ;  large  vertical  crest  orange  and  yellow,  tipped  with 
black  ;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  external  webs  of  basal  two  thirds  of 
primaries  bright  rufous ;  wing-coverts  like  the  back:  beneath  sulphur- 
yellow;  throat  white;  under  wing-coverts  pale  sulphur-yellow; 
under  surface  of  wings  pale  rufous,  with  the  apical  portion  black ; 
bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  7*5  inches,  wing  3*9,  tail  3*4. 
Female  similar. 

Hab.  8.E.  Brazil. 

This  southern  form  of  M.  cayennensis  may  perhaps  be  allowed  to 


stand  as  distinct,  tliough  I  bnvc  seen  specimens  of  the  uortbarn  bird 
vhich  come  very  near  to  it.  It  is  distinguishablo  by  its  larger  size 
and  by  the  greater  extent  of  the  chestnut  colour  on  the  wing. 


a.  Ad.  ak. 

Santa  FiS,  Mina«,  Braiil  (l!oaer»). 

Sclater  Coll. 

6.  Ad.  8k. 

BnuiL 

SclatcrCoU. 

c.  Ad.et. 

Brazil 

PuTchaaed. 

2.  HyiozttteteB  cay enneiuia. 
Muscicspa  cayanenHia,  Linn.  S.  X.  i.  p,  827. 
Elienea  cayauensis,  Cab.  in  ScAomb.  Guian.  iii.  p.  701. 
Myiozetotea  cayenncnmB,  Sal.  P.  Z.  S.  18B9,  p.  45,  et  1871,  pp.  751, 

752;  id.  Cat.A.B.  p.  319;  FiiwcA,  P.  Z.5.  1870,  p,  Ca);  Lmrr. 

Ann.  L.  N.  Y.  vii.  p.  205  j   Taylor,  Ibit,  1864,  p.  86 ;  Scl.  ft  Salv. 

P.  Z.  S,  1866,  p.  180,  1667,  pp.  279. 577,  078,  1868,  p.  028  (Vene- 

(Uela),  et  187o.p.  16;  iid.Nomtnel.f.40;  ft&.  O™.  jffro*.  p.  103; 

Serl.  et  Taet.  P.  Z.  S.  188.1,  p.  656,  et  1886,  p.  68 ;  Berl.  J.  f.  O. 

1884,  p.  302  i   Tacx.  Om.  Pfr.  li  p.  276 ;  Mi-.  Ibit,  ISSo,  p.  205 

(Br.  Ouiana). 
Mjiogetetes  fpiianeDsis,  Cab.  et  Seiu.  Mm.  Sn'n,  ii.  p.  81 ;  &tP.  Z.S, 

1860,  p.  283,  et  1871,  p.  751 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  212 ;   SW.  tt  Salv. 

P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  279,  et  1868,  p.  168 ;  TFyoU,  /t«,  1871,  p.  333. 
MrioMtetefl  margiuatus.  Later,  tbit,  1863,  p.  182;  id.  Ann.  L.  N.  Y. 

Viii.  p.  8,etii.p.  112;  JViwfa.  J./.  0. 1860,  p.  807. 
Myioxetetea  rufipennia,  Lawr.  Ann.  L.  N.  Y.  ix,  p.  287 1  Sd.  P,Z,S. 

1871,  pp.  761, 762 ;  &/.  ct  Sah.  Xomeoel.  p.  49. 

Above  dark  olive-brown ;  head  black  ;  superciliary  stripe  white  ; 
large  vertical  crest  orange  mixed  with  yellow,  and  inoro  or  Icaa 
tipped  with  black  ;  wings  and  tail  blackiah,  outer  margins  of  greater 
part  of  primaries  and  inner  secondaries  rufous  i  beneath  bright  yel- 
low, throat  white-;  under  wing-coverts  yellow,  inner  wehs  of  wing- 
feathers  (except  the  apical  portion)  palo  rufous ;  bill  and  feet  black : 
whole  length  5'5  inches,  wing  3'2,  tail  2-7.     Fcmah  similar. 

Uah.  From  Panama  southwards  through  Colombia,  Ecuador,  Peru, 
Venc;tuela,  and  Guiana,  to  Ixiwer  AmOKonia, 

I  am  now  convinced  that  it  is  impossible  lo  keep  M.  ruftxmiis, 
Lawr.,  of  YencKuela,  separate,  as  Mr.  Salvia  and  1  have  done  in  the 
'  Nomendator.'  There  are  specimens  from  Ecuador  which  show 
.  quite  OS  much  red  on  tho  wing.  In  Bogota  skins  of  this  variable 
species  tho  red  is  usually  not  so  much  developed. 

a,  (,  Ad.  sk.  Paraiso     Station,     Panama  Solvin-Godman  Coll 

(Hughe*). 

c.  Ad.  9k.  Panama  (Jliuikei).  Sclater  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  Bk.  Maadalena  Valley  (Wuati).  Salvia-Godraau  CoIL 

e.  9  ad.  ak.  Medellin,  U.  S.  C.  (Salinmi).  Satviu-Godman  Coll 

f.  g.  Ad.  8k.  nucanunanga,  U.  S.  C.  ( MiWw).    Sclater  Coll. 
A,  I.  Ad.  ak.  Bogota.  Sclater  ColL 

j.  Ad.  Bk.  Bogota.  Salvia-Godman  CoD. 

A.  Ad.  *k.  Bfjffota.  Purehasfld. 

I,  Ad.  ak.  Babalioyo,  Ecuador  {Froter),        Sclater  Coll. 


55.   MTI0ZETETE8. 


161 


m.  Ad.  8k. 

n.  Ad.  sk. 

o,  p.  Ad.  sk. 
}.  Ad.  ak. 
r.  Ad.  ak. 
t.  c^  ad.  ak. 

<,  M.  c^  ad. ;  V. 

$  ad.8k. 
V.  Ad.  ak. 
X.  Ad.  ak. 


Quito. 

Balzar   Mountaina,  Ecuador 

(Iliwgworth). 
Sta.  Rita,  Ecuador  (BiLckley). 
Venezuela  (Goering), 
Trinidad. 
Roraima,     British     Guiana 

(Whitefy). 
Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana 

(  JnOely). 
Cayenne. 
Para,  Lower  Amazons  (  Wal- 

lace). 


J.  Gould,  Esq. 
Salvin-Godman  (^olL 

SalTin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salyin-Godman  Coll. 

Purchased. 
Salyin-Godman  Coll. 


3.  Myiozetetes  simiHs. 

Musdcapa  similis,  Spur,  Av.  Bras,  ii.  p.  18,  pi.  25. 

Muscipeta  cayennensis,  Lafr.  et  WOrb,  Syn.  Av.  i.  p.  47  j  d'Orh,  Voy,^ 
Ois.  p.  317. 

Tyrannula  similis,  Hartl.  Vert.  Mus.  Brem.  p.  49. 

£!uenea  miles,  Burm,  Syst  Ueh.  ii.  p.  474. 

Myiozetetes  similis.  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  ITein.  ii.  p.  61 ;  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B, 
p.  219 ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  pp.  751,  75;i ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1867, 
p.  279,  et  1879,  p.  614  ;  tid.  Notnencl.  p.  49  ;  Finsch,  P.  Z.  S. 
1870,  p.  569;  Peh.  Om.  Bras.  p.  109;  Layard,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  382 
(Para) ;  Cab.  J.  /.  O.  1874,  p.  88 ;  Forbes,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  342 
(Pemamhuco). 

Above  dark  olive-brown ;  head  black ;  supcrciliaries  white,  vertical 
creet  bright  red,  more  or  less  tipped  with  black ;  wings  and  tail 
blackish ;  wing-coverts,  outer  secondaries,  and  tail-feathers  slightly 
margined  with  ochrcous  white ;  primaries  narrowly  bordered  with 
mfoos :  beneath  bright  yellow  ;  throat  white  ;  under  wing-coverts 
yellow ;  inner  margins  of  primaries  pale  fulvous ;  bill  and  feet 
black :  whole  length  6*7  inches,  wing  3*6,  tail  3.  Female 
similar. 

Hob.  8.E.  BrazU. 


a,  h.  Ad.  sk. 

c.  c^  ad.  sk. 

d,  e.  Ad.  sk. 
/.  Ad.  sk. 

g,  h.  Ad.  ak. 

t.  Ad.  ak. 
J.  (S  ad.  sk. 
k.  Ad.  sk. 
/.  Ad.  sk. 
m.  ($  ad.  sk. 


Pemamhuco,  Brazil  (Forbes), 
Pernambuco,  Brazil  (Forbes). 
Bahia,  Brazil  (  Wucherer). 
Bahia,  Brazil. 

Novo  Fribourgo,  Prov.  of  Rio 
Janeiro,  S.K.  Brazil  ( Youds). 
Santa  F^,  Minas  (Boyers). 
Sao  Paolo,  Brazil  (Joyner). 
Brazil. 
BraziL 
Para  (Layard). 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
M.  Claussen  [P.], 
Tweeddale  Coll. 


VOL.  XIV. 


4.  Hyiozetetes  tezenBia. 

Tyrannuln  unyennenafl,  Sir.  Phil,  Mai/.  1S27,  i. 

iVraonuB  supercilioaua,  Jip.  R  '/..  S.  !SST,  p.  11 

MuBcion™  texenus,  Giraud,  B.  of  TeMi,  pi. 
p.OC, 

Elwran  tesensi*,  *;.  P.  Z.  8. 1856,  p,  21W. 

ElsiDia  mexiciin&,  Eaup  m  M«$.  BrroL  et  Hein. 

Myicweteteji  texenas,  8ei.P.Z.S.  1858,  pp.  46, 56,  306,  li*04,  p.  433, 
1871,  pp.  751, 763;  irf,  iJfo,  I86»,  p.  «8i  fki.  et  Suit.  IbU,  1859, 
p,123;  iirf.  P.Z&1807^.  27B,  l670.p.B37,  etlSTB,  p.  513;  iid. 


Tomend,  p.  49 ;  Cab.  et  item.  Mua.  Hem.  ii 


m,  p.M; 


\ 


N.  T.  vui.  p.  !S2.  et  ix.  pp,  112.201;  Okw,  iSw,  1801,  ; 
Cah.  J.f.  O.  1881,  p.  24fi;  Boncard,  P.  Z.  8.  1878,  p.  G3,  et  1883, 
p.  447 ;  F,-waz.  J.  f.  0. 1869.  p.  807 ;  Pinich,  F.Z.S.1 870,  p.  5(i»  [ 
Siilffw.  P.  U.  8.  N.  M.  iii.  pp.  180,  218,  229,  iv.  p.  212,  v.  p.  500, 
et  vi,  pp.  374,  384, 402 ;  id.  Man.  JV.  A.  S.  p,  831 :  &i/p.  P.  Z.  8. 
leea,  p.  423 ;  Berl.  tt  Tarn.  P.  X.  8.  1885,  p.  1 18. 

MyioxeleteB  colombiBniu,  Cab.  tt  Hein.  Mug,  Hein.  ii.  p.  02:  Set. 
P.;;.*.  1860,p.29fi,etl871.p.761;iy.ai(..4.  J?.p.21U;  Hew,  J. 
/lOjeol.  p.lD8;  Znior.,4nn./,.A'.r.Tii.p.8a8, 6111.11.80;  .V, 
'/Ml,  1802,  p.  n  ^  Scl.  e(  Sair.  P.  X.  8.  ItKU,  p,  350,  et  180f ,  pp.  14«, 
270  i  Saie.  P.  Z.  &  1870,  p.  U'7  ;  Fimch,  P.  Z.  8.  1870,  p.  BiJO ; 
iVfc.  Om.  £ro«.  p.  100, 

Hyii>»etetee  csyoaneDsi*,  fiW.  6'o(.  ^.  ii.  p.  210 ;  Sd.  et  Sah.  P.  X.  S. 
1869,  p.  506. 

MyioKeteto*  dmilis,  8el.  H  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  270 ;  Tact.  P.  Z.  8. 
1874,  p.  537.  et  1877,  p,  326 ;  id.  Ont.  IVr.  ii.  p,  276;  BerL  rt  Taez. 
P.  Z.  &  1886,  p.  00. 

HyioEetetw  texaaaa  colmubiKniw,  S'rl.  tin*,  1884,  p.  ^1 

MyiozeteteB  icterophrya,  Heine,  J.f.  O.  1801,  p.  107? 

MjioKBtotes  grandiB,  Lawr.  Pi-oe.  Ae.  Se.  PAil.  1871,  ] 
P.Z.S.  1871,  p.  753). 

Similar  tn  M,  mmilit,  hut  gcovrally  of  smaller  dimensiuiiB,  and 

with  the  Wk  of  a  brighter  olive-brown. 

Hftb.  From  Mosico  and  Centrnl  America  aod  South  America  down 
to  Voneiut'lB,  Ecujidor,  and  Peru. 

I  thitik  it  will  be  ultimately  hardly  poMtbla  l/i  maintuin  this 
Bpeoiefl  OB  distinct  from  M.  fimilin,  of  which  it  is  merely  the  northern 


,  p.  234  (r/.  Sel. 


1.  Ad.Bk, 
b.  2  Ml.  A. 

'•.  S  ad.  ak, 
i.e.  Ad.  Bk. 
f.  Ad.  ak. 
7.  Ad.  ck. 
h.  Ad.  ak. 
f.  Ad.  rt. 


Cordova,  Mexico. 
Prosidio,  Mexico  {Parrfr). 
MaMtlan,  W.  Maiico  {Fnnvr). 
Acapuico,  Jiiesieo(Markham). 
8.  M«sioa. 

NoTtliera  Turatan  (Oaumfr). 
Co»u  luel  I.,  Y  ucatan  ( Oaumer) . 
Belize,  Itrit.  Honduras  (Blan- 

Clioclmu.  Vera  Paz  (■SWci'ii), 
C'liiBec.  Vera  Pa*  (8ali>in). 
Oiibnii,  Vera  Pai  (iSij/oiii). 
Tactic,  Vera  Pni  (Salriii). 
Vera  Pa«  (Cotutancia). 


A.  Salle  [C.]. 
Salvm-Ondman  GoU. 
SnlTin-Godman  OoiL 
^alvin-Oodmao  ColL 
8clat«r  Coll. 
SalviD-Qodmati  Coll, 
Salvin-Godman  OoU. 
Salvin-Uodman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godmnn  Coll. 
Twoeddale  Coll. 
Salvia- God  man  ColL 
SalTin-Ooduan  ColL 
Sclaler  Coll. 


55.  icnozxiBTES. 


168 


p.  c^  ad.  ak. 
q.  Ad.  sk. 
r.  Ad.  sk. 
s.  cT  <^ak. 
t.  cf  ad.ak. 
«.  Ad.8k. 
«.  $  ad.ak. 
w,  Ad.8k. 
^.  d  ad.ak. 
jf,  &  Ad.^  a*. 

$  ad.ak 
*'.  dad.;c'. 

ad.8k. 
^,  Ad.  ak. 
tf'.  Ad.  ak. 
ffff'*  Ad.  ak. 
k\  Ad.  8k. 
t\  (^  ad.  ak. 

/.  Ad.  ak. 

*'.  Ad.  ak. 
ff  ni.  Ad.  ak. 
n'.  Ad.  ak. 
if.  Ad.  ak. 
ff.  Ad.  ak. 
jf',  r*.  Ad.  ak. 
i(.  ^  ad.  ak. 
e.  Ad.  ak. 


Daena&  Gaatemala  (Salvin)» 
SanPoaio,  Honduraa  ( Whitefy). 
Coata  Kica  (Bndr^). 
Coeta  Bica  ICarmiol). 
Coata  Rica  ^Osrimb/). 
Coata  Rica  (van  Patten). 
San  Jo8^  Coata  Rica  (  Carmiol), 
CaatiUoy  Yeragua  (ArcS). 
Chitra,  Yeragua  {Arc£), 
Yeragua  {Arcf), 

Panama  (McLearman), 

Panama  (McLeatman). 

Panama  (Chambers). 

Bogota. 

Bogota. 

San       Estaban,      Venezuela 

(  Goering), 
La  Guayra,  Venezuela  (  Wed- 

derhurn). 
Trinidad. 
Trinidad. 

Esmeraldas,  Ecuador  (Fraser). 
Ecuador  (Fraser). 
Guayaqui. 

Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Bucklty). 
Pebas,  E.  Peru  (ITattxweU), 
Cosnipata,   Southern    Peru 

(Whiteh/). 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sahdn-Godman  ColL 
Tweeddale  Coll. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll, 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 
Sclater  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  ColL 

Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
l*urcliased. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Jardinc  Coll. 

Sclater  Coll. 
Zool.  Soc.  ColL 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
G.  Barclay,  Esq.  [P.l 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll* 
Sclater  Coll. 


5.  Mjriozetetes  granadensis. 

Myiozetetes  granadensLB,  Later.  Ihisy  1802,  p.  11  (Panama)  ;  id.  Ann. 
L.  N.  F.  vii.  p.  473,  ix.  p.  112;  Scl.  Cat.  A,  B.  p.  219;  id.  P.  Z.S. 
1871,pp.751,  754;  Scl  et  Salu.  P.  Z.  S.  1804,  p.  :V)i\  1807,  p.  279, 
et  1869,  p.  698  ;  iid.  Nomencl.  p.  49 ;  Frantz.  J.  /.  O.  1869,  p.  307 ; 
Tacz.  P.  Z.  IS.  1882,  p.  20 ;  id.  Om.  P6r.  ii.  p.  270 ;  Berl.  et  Tacz. 
P.  Z.  8. 1883,  p.  5o6. 

Above  olive-green  ;  head  greyish,  front  whitish  ;  sides  of  head 
black ;  head  slightly  crested,  crest-feathers  bright  red,  tipped  with 
grey ;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  with  slight  yellowish  margins : 
beneath  bright  yellow;  throat  white ;  under  wing-coverts  pale  yellow; 
bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  Q'b  inches,  wing  3'3,  tail  2*9. 
Female  similar ;  but  vertical  spot  less  apparent. 

Hah.  Nicaragna,  Panama,  Columbia,  Ecuador,  and  Peru. 


a.  Ad.  sk. 

b.  Ad.  sk. 

c.  Ad.  ak. 

d.  $  ad.  sL 

e.  Ad.  sk. 
/.  (^  ad.  sk. 
g.  Ad.  sk. 
h.  Ad.  sk. 


Chontales,  Nicaragua  (Belt). 

Bluefields  River  ( tVickham). 

Chiriqui,  Veragua  (Arc4). 

Panama  (McLeannan), 

Panama  (McLeannan). 

San  Pablo  St.,  Panama  (Saivin). 

Bogota. 

Peru  (  Whitely). 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  ColL 
x2 


TTRANHTD^ 


.  Hyiozetetes  BulphnrenB. 

Muadcftpa  sulphurea,  Spii;  Av.  Bra>.  a.  p.  1(1, 


Trraimiila  peiuviaim,  Lt{fr.  Bw.  Zool.  1863,  t. 

ifyioxeteteH  Bulphiireua,  CoA.  et  Hein.  Mnn.  Heln,  a.  p.  01 ;  Sd.  QU. 

A.  B.  p.  220;  id.   P.  Z.  S.  1871,  pp,  751,  7&4i  Peh.   Om.  Brai. 

^.WS;  Scl.elSale.  Notnenrl.T,.4.0;  iid.P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  279;  Taa. 

Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  377 ;  Sah.  IbU,  1885,  p.  295  (Br.  Ouinaa), 
TyrMnus  luRgeri,  Ri^.  Pr.  U.  S.  N.  M.  i.  p.  4S1  (cf.  Set.  P.  Z.  S. 

1880,  p.  28J. 

Above  olivfr-green  ;  bead  grey,  with  s  oonccaled  yellow  vertical 
creet ;  sides  of  head  blackiah ;  wings  and  tail  blackiah  brown, 
aiigbtly  margined  with  rufous :  beneath  bright  yellow  ;  throat  and 
neck  white,  obsoletely  striated  with  cinereoas  ;  under  wing-coverte 
pole  yellow ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  7'5  inches,  wing  4-2, 
toil  3-1.     Fanate  similar. 

Haf>.  Guiana  and  Upper  Amazonia, 

Nearly  allied  to  M.  grnnadensix,  but  distinguished  by  its  larger 
■ize,  longer  bill,  and  yellow  crest. 


a.  [f  ad.  sk. 

b.  S  ad.  Bk. 

c.  Ad.  flk. 

d.  Ad.  sk, 
b,f.  rf  2ad.; 

g.  All.  ak. 
h.  Ad.  St. 


Cbamicuroa,   Peruvian   Amazoos  Saliin-Qodutan  Coll. 

{BartUtt). 

ChaiuicnroB,   Peruvinn  Amaziius.  £.  Bnrtlett  \C.\ 

Upper  Antiuons.  Sclster  Coll. 

Saravacu,  Ecuador  (Buek/et/).  Salvio-Oodniaii  Coll, 

Bnrlica     Grove,      l3rit.     6  m  an  a  Salvio-Godmau  CglL 

( If'-hiMi,). 

Cayenne.  Purchase  d. 


7.  Uyiozetetes  lateiventris. 
ElBcea  luteiventrin.  Set.  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  p.  71,  et  18.10,  p.  4fi. 
Myiojietotes  luteiventrU,  Sd.  Git.  A.  S.  p.  219;  id.  P.  Z.  8.  1871, 

pp.  751,  754;  PeU.   Om.  Bras,  p,  100;  Sd.  el  Saiv.   ^■omend. 

p.  49  ;   Tats.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  278. 

Above  nearly  uniform  dork  brown,  with  a  shght  olivaceous  tingo 
and  lighter  edgings  to  the  wing-covcrts  and  secondaries ;  con- 
cealed vertical  crest  orango  ;  beneath  yellow,  slightly  flammulated 
with  olivaceous  on  the  breast  i  throat  white ;  under  wing-coverts 
pole  yellow ;  bill  and  feet  block  :  whole  length  5-3  inches,  wing  3, 
tail  2-5. 

Eah.  Guiana  and  Amazonia. 

Immediately  disUuguiahable  fi-om  the 
size  and  dark  head. 


0  preceding  by  its  email 


Oyapoc,  C 
WoNapo, 


Sorayaeu,  Ecuador  (BucA&yl.  Salvin-Crodman  Coll. 


56.  RHTKCHOOTOLUB.  165 


56.  EHYHCHOCYCLUS. 

GydorhTDchiis,  Sund.  rei.-Ak.  Handl.  1835,  p.  83 
(1836) R.  olivaceus. 

Rhynchocjcliis,  Cab,  et  Hein,  Mu8.  Hein,  ii.  p.  56 
(1869) R.  flaviventer. 

Runphotrigon,  Bp.  (1854)*    R.  ruficauda. 

In  the  typical  species  of  Bhynchocyclus^  the  much  widened  and 
swoUen  bill  is  a  very  characteristic  feature,  but,  as  will  be  seen  on 
examination  of  iS.^Wt/^ntm,  this  structure  becomes  much  modified 
towards  the  end  of  the  series.  The  tarsi  are  rather  feeble  and  the 
wings  rather  short. 

Bhynehoci/dtu  inhabits  the  forests  of  the  Neotropical  Region 
from  8.  Mexico  to  S.  Brazil  and  Bolivia. 

Key  to  the  Species. 

A.  Wiiiffs  and  tail  olivaceous. 

a.  Bill  much  widened  at  base. 
a'.  Breast  olive. 

j  Bill  longer   1.  divaceusy  p.  165. 

I  Bill  intermediate 2.  aequinoctialvs,  p.  166. 

(Bill  shorter 3.  brevirostrisy  p.  160. 

V,  Breast  fulvous    4.  fulvipectus,  p.  107. 

b.  Bill  moderately  wide, 
c'.  Breast  yellowish. 

1  Head  lighter    5.  sulphur escenSy  p.  168. 

iHead  darker 6.  peruvianm,  p.  169. 

<f .  Breast  ashy    7.  cinereicepsj  p.  169. 

c.  Bill  more  constricted, 
e*.  Cap  cinereous. 

iTnroat  greyish 8.  megacephalusy  p.  170. 

Throat  olivaceous    9.  polioceplialusy  p.  171. 

f.  Cap  olive  like  back. 

\  Belly  yellow     , 10.  viridicepsy  p.  171. 

I  Belly  orange-yellow    11.  JlaviventHsy  p.  171. 

B.  Wings  and  tail  rufous  12.  ntficauda,  p.  172. 


1.  Bhynchocyclns  olivacens. 

Platyrhynchus  oUvaceus,  Temm.  PL  Col.  12.  fig.  1 ;  Max.  Beiir.  iii. 

p.  969. 
Todus  olivaceus,  Licht.  Doubl.  p.  51. 
Cyclorhynchus  olivaceus,  Cab.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1847,  i.  p.  248 ;  Burm. 

Syst  Ueb.  ii.  p.  503. 
Rhynchocyclus  olivaceus,   Cab.  et  Jlein.  Mtts.  Hein.  ii.  p.  56 ;  Sd, 

Cat.  A.  B.  p.  220;  Pek.  Dm.  Bras.  p.  109;  Sd.  et  Salv.  Nomencl. 

p.  49. 

Above  olive-green;  wings  and  tail  dark  brown;  wing-coverts 
margined  with  fulvous;  wing-  and  tail-feathers  narrowly  edged 
with  olive-green :  beneath  cinereous  olive ;  middle  of  belly  and  under 

*  (y.  Gray,  Hand-1.  i.  p.  354, 


wiag-covorts  pale  yellowish  ;  bill  above  horn-colour,  bolow  whitish; 
feet  brown :  whole  length  0'5  inches,  wing  S,  tail  2-8.  Female 
similar. 

Hab.  South-eafltern  Brazil. 


a.  Ad.  ek. 

b,  c.  Ad.  sk. 
rf.  Ad.  sk. 

t.  Ad.  St. 


Bubio,  Rranil  ( Ifiic^nrr). 
Btihia,  Brftail. 


Salviu-Godmaii  Coll. 
Sclalsr  Coll. 
Jnrdine  Coll. 
Sudbuiy  IduB. 


.  Rhynchocyclus  ffiqmnoctialis. 


CycIorhTnchiK  ffiquinoctislia,  Sd.  P.  ?..  8. 18C8,  n.  70. 
Blivncboi^^clua  tequinoctiiUis,  Cab,  H  Spin.  Mia,  Hein,  ii.  p.  6C  f 
AW,    Cat.  A,  B.  p,  320j  id.  P.  Z.  S.  186J,  p.  359;  Sol.  d  Saiv. 
ymiteiiel.  p.  49. 
Above  olive-green  ;  wings  and  tail  dark  brown,  edged  with  olivo- 
greon,  which  is  rather  brighter  on  the  coverts  and  secondaries : 
beneath  cinereoua-olive,  more  greyish  on  the  throat ;  middle  of  hcUy 
and  under  wing-coverts  pale  sulphur- yellow  ;  upper  mandible  dark 
hom-ooloar,  lower  whitish:  feet  pale  brown;  whole  length  (i  iiichea, 
■wing  2-8,  tail  2-3.     I>ma}e  aimilar. 

Hab.  Ecuador  and  Western  Colombia,  north  to  Panama. 
Nearly  allied  to  R.  oUvaoevt,  but  apparently  without  the  fulvona 
colour  on  the  upper  wing-covertc,  brighter  on  the  belly,  and  with  a 
much  shorter  ttul.  In  the  form  of  the  bill  it  comes  nearer  to  R, 
olivaeeits  than  to  the  northern  R.  tirfvirostrit,  but  is  intermediate 
between  the  two. 


(1,  A.<f  2ad,  sk. 

c.  Ad.  sk. 
A  Ad.  sk. 
c.f.  Ad.  sk, 
-/.  Ad.  sk. 


lAon  Hill   Stntlon,  Pitnnnin 

(jtftitajinaji). 
PanuiiB  {MrLcannan). 
Chepo,  Panama  l^i-o/), 
Swayacu,  Ecuador  iJlufhieif). 
llio  Napo. 

Rio  N«p.i. 


Salvin-Oodman  CoU. 

Twecddale  CoU. 
Salriii-Godnmn  Coll. 
Salvin-Gudman  CoIL 
Scl«t«rColl.      (Typo 

of  thespucios.) 
Purchnsod. 


3.  Khrnchocyclas  breTirostriB. 

CycIorbjTichus  btcviroatris,  Cah,  Wieipa,  AirJi.  1847,  i.  p.  249 ;  Sd. 
P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  306  i   id.  IbU,  l«iO,  p.  443 :   «W.  A  Sah.  Iliif, 

iseo.  p.  3i». 

RhTnchocjcluB  breviroatris,  Cab.  H  Jlrin.  Mm.  Iteia.  ii.  p.  67  i  Set, 
Cnt.  A.  B.  p.  320;  Scl.  rf  AWo.  A'mnwI.  p.  40:  Sah:  P.  7..  «. 
1867,  p.  148,  et  1870,  p.  107  (Veragiia), 

Rhynnhocyclus  mesorbynchns,  Oift.  .J.f.  (}.  1806,  p.  414  (fiuale- 

RhviichocTclus  griMttmenlflliB,  Lmer.  Ami.  L.  N.  T.  ix.  p.  112 
(Ooata  Rica);  Salmt,  IIAt,  1860,  p.  .315;  Frtinl::.  J.f.O,  IWK). 
p.  307. 

Above  uniform  olive-green  ;  wings  and  tnil  blackish  brown,  mar- 
gined with  olive-groen :  beneath  paler ;  throat  tinged  with  groyiah. 


56.  BHTKOHOOrCLUS.  167 

middle  of  belly  yellow ;  under  wing-coyerts  creamy  white ;  upper 
mandible  dark  horn-colour,  lower  whitish ;  feet  pale  brown :  whole 
length  5*5  inches,  wing  3^  tail  2*6.    Female  similar. 

Hah.  Southern  Mexico  and  Central  America  down  to  Chiriqui. 

Northern  specimens  of  this  form  are  very  easily  distinguishable 
by  tbe  abort  beak ;  but  this  feature  becomes  less  apparent  as  we 
go  sonthwardB,  and  at  Panama  the  species  gradually  merges  into 
JB.  aqmnoetidlis, 

a.  Ad.  sk.           Cordova,  Mexico.  A.  Salld  [C.]. 

6.   Ad.  ak.           Mexico.  Sclater  ColL 

€•  Ad.  sk.           Mexico.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

d,  ^  ad.  sk.       Choctum,  Guatemala  (Salvin).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e-g.  Ad.  sk.        Choctum,   Guatemala  (Salvin  ^  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Oodtnan), 

h*  ^  wuL  sk.        La  Trinidad,   Volcan  de  Fuego  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Salvin). 

u  Ad.  ak.           Irazu     district,      Costa      Rica  8al\'iii-Godman  Coll. 

(Rogers). 

f.  Ad.  sk.           Costa  Rica  (Endrhs).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

h.  (S  ■d.  sk.        Costa  Rica  (Carmiol).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

I.  d  ad.  sk.        Santa  F6,  Veragua  {Arc^).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

in,n,  cjad.  sk.    Calovevora,  Veragua  (ArcS).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

o    Ad.  sk.           Veraj^a  (Arc6).  Sclater  Coll. 

p.  fS  ad.  sk        Bugaba,  Chiriqui  (Arcd).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

q,  5  ad.  sk.        Southern  slope  oi  the   Vole,  of  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Chiriqui  (Arc6), 

r.  Ad.  sk.           Chiriqm  (Arci).  Sclater  Coll. 

4.  Bhynchocyclus  fulvipectus.    (Plato  XIII.) 

Cyclorhynchus  fulvipectus,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  p.  92. 

Biiynchocyclus  fulvipectus,  Sd.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  220;  Scl.  et  Salv, 
Nameficl.  p.  40 ;  tid.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  513  j  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1874, 
p.  637,  et  1882,  p.  20 ;  id.  Orn.  Per.  ii.  p.  270  ;  Tacz.  et  Bert. 
P.Z.-S'.  1886,pp.90,  116. 

Above  olive-green ;  head  darker  and  tinged  with  fulvous  ;  wings 
blackish  brown,  margined  with  fulvous;  tail  brown,  with  slight 
olivaceous  margins  :  beneath,  throat  and  breast  fulvous  ;  middle  of 
belly  ycUow ;  flanks  more  olivaceous ;  under  wing-coverts  pale 
yellow  ;  upper  mandible  dark  horn- colour ;  lower  whitish  ;  feet  dark 
brown :  whole  length  5-6  inches,  wing  3,  tail  2-4.     Female  similar. 

Hah,  Ecuador  and  Colombia. 

This  species  is  of  nearly  the  same  form  and  size  as  B,  oUvaceus 
and  its  allies,  but  is  readily  known  by  its  fulvous  throat  and  brown 
tail. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Nanegal  (Fra^er).  Sclater  Coll.     (Type 

of  the  species.) 

b,  c.  Ad.  sk.       Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

d.  Jr.  sk.  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley).  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  $  ad.  sk.        Frontino,   Antioquia,   U.  S.  C.        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Salmon). 


TYBiKHIDA 


/.  Ad.  ek.  Frontino,    Antioquia,   U.S.O.        ScktarCoU. 

g.  Ad.  sk.  B<^ta.  SalTia-Oodm& 


5.  Rhyncliocrclu  salpbnreacenB. 

Platyrhjnchus  Bulphurescena,   Spir,  Aa.  Sroi.  ii.  p.  10,  pi.  1 

FlatyrhjDcbuB  Duchalig,  Max,  Beitr.  iii.  p.  071. 

Cycforliynclius  aidphurascens,  Cab.  Wirgm,  Areh.  1847,  i.  j 
Scl.  lbi»,  1859,  p.  444. 

CjclorhjnchuB  nuchftliB,  Bwm.  Sy$t.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  503. 

Rhynchocycltu  sulpliiiTescoita,  Cab.  et  Hrin.  Mitt.  Sein.  ii. 
Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  220 ;  Set.  et  Sah.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  pp.  57f 
1868,  p.  168,  et  1873,  p.  279 ;  iid.  NomerKl.  p.  49 ;  Law.  A 
N.  Y.\i.  pp.  112,146;  Frantz.  J.f.  O.  1869,  p.  307:  Peh 
Brat.  p.  109 ;  CiA.  J.  f.  O.  1874,  p.  88 ;  Bouc.  P.  Z.  S.  1878, 
White,  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  607  ;  Ta<s.  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  20 ;  it 
Ftr.  ii.  p.  280 ;  JBerl.  J.f.  0.  1884,  p.  302 ;  Salv.  P.  Z.  S. 
a.  296  (Brit  "   '       - 

"■-  —  hocyclui 

8  (Veragua). 

Rfiynehocyclus  marginatuB,  Lavjr.  iV.  Ac.  Se.  Phil  1 
(Panama). 

RhynchocjcluB  sseimiliB,  Pth.  Om.  Brat,  p.  110. 


Above  oliT^green ;  head  waslied  with  cinereoua;  tores  ani 
round  the  eye  wbitieh ;  winga  blackish  brown,  margined 
yellowiBh  olive  ;  tail  dark  brown,  aligbtly  edged  with  oUve-g 
beneath  pale  Bulphur-yellow,  tinged  with  olivaceous ;  throat 
greyish ;  middle  of  the  belly  rather  brighter ;  under  wing-o 
paie  Bulphur-yellow ;  upper  mandible  dark  horn-coloiir, 
whitish ;  feet  pale  brown :  whole  length  6-2  inches,  win| 
tail  2-5.     Female  simitar. 


56.   BHTKGHOGTGLUS.  169 

m,  M.  $  ftd.  sk.       Carimang  river,  Brit.  Guiana  Salyin-Godman  Coll. 

(  Whiteiy). 

^fP'  c^  S  ad.  flk.    Roraima,  Br.  Guiana  ( mUtely),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

q.  Ad.  sk.  Guiana.  Sclater  Coll. 

r.  Ad.  ak.  Cbamicurosy  East  Peru  (Hatix-  Sclater  Coll. 

«•  Ad.  ak.               Cbamicuroa,  East  Peru  {Bart-  Sclater  Coll. 

leU). 

<.  $  ad.  8k.             Chjavetas,   Peruv.    Amazons  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(BarileU), 

u.  <J  ad.  sk.            Xeoeros,     Peruv.    Amazons  Sal>'in-Godman  Coll. 

{BartleH). 

V.  Ad.  sL                Upper  Amazons.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Vy  X,  Ad.  ak.          Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

y.  Ad.  ak.              Balzar  Mts.,  Ecuador  {lUing-  Salvin-Godmau  Coll. 

ujorth). 

z.  (^  ad.  ak.            Puerto      Cabello,      Venezuela  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

( Goering). 

a',  c?  Ad.  ak.           Carip^,  Venezuela  {Goering).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

h\  Ad.  ak.             Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

c\  Ad.  sk.              Santa  Marta,  U.  S.  C.  Sclater  C(j11. 

«f.  Ad.  ak.              Panama  {McLea?inan).  Sclater  Coll. 

«'.  Ad.  ak.              Panama  (McLeannan).  Tweeddale  Coll. 

fiff''  6  2  ad.sk.   San  Pablo  St.,  Panama  (Saivm).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

A',  r.  J  $  ad.  sk.  Santa  F6,  Veragua  (Arc^).  Salvin-Godman  Coll, 

/'.  (S  *d.  sk.           Calovevora,  Veragua  (Arc6).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

6.  BhynchocyclTis  pemvianuB. 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens,  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  320. 
Rh^Tichocyclus  peruviauus,    Tacz.   P.  Z.  6'.  1874,  p.  637,  et  1882, 

p.  20;  td.  Om.Ph-.  ii.p.'281. 
Rhynchocyclus  peruviauus  aequatorialis,  Berl.  et  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S,  1888, 

p.  666,  et  1886,  p.  90  (Ecuador). 

Similar  to  It,  sulphurescens^  but  larger  in  size,  with  the  head 
darker  cinereous;  brighter  on  the  belly,  and  with  a  blackish 
auricular  spot :  whole  length  4*8  inches,  wing  2'J),  tail  2'6. 

Bab.  Peru  and  Ecuador. 

So  far  as  I  can  tell  from  examination  of  the  two  specimens  before 
me,  this  species  is  entitled  to  remain  distinct. 

«,  ft.  cT  ?  ad.  sk.     Huambo,  Peru  {Stoizmann).         Sclater  Coll. 

7.  Bhynchocyclus  cinereiceps. 

Cyclorhvnchus  cinereiceps,  Scl.  Ibisy  1869,  p.  443 ;  id.  P.  Z,  S.  1869, 

p.  384 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Ibis,  1860,  jp.  399. 
Rhynchocyclus  cinereiceps,  Scl.  Cat,  A.  B.  ip.  220 ;  Lawr,  Ann,  L, 

N,  Y,  ix.  p.  201 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Xometicl.  p.  49 ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1864, 

p.  369,  et  1870,  p.  837 ;  Nehrkom,  J.f,  O.  1879,  p.  366;  B(mc. 

P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  447;  Nutting ^  P.  U.  S.  N.  M.  v.  p.  396. 
Rhvnchocyclus  flavo-olivaceus,  Lawr,  Ann.  L.  N.   Y.  viii.  p.  8 

(Manama) ;  Scl  et  Salv,  P.  Z.  S,  1864,  p.  369  (Panama). 

Above  olive-green  ;  head  cinereous ;  lores  whitish ;  wing  blackish, 


1 


170  TYBANKID^. 

murgined  with  yeUowish  olive;  tail  dark  cinereous,  with  slight 
olivaceous  tdgings :  beneath,  breast  and  throat  pale  ashy,  tho  latter 
with  a  slight  olivaceouB  tinge :  middle  of  belly  and  under  ning- 
covott«  pale  fluliihur-jollow ;  flanka  olivaceous ;  upper  maadiUs 
dork  horn-colour ;  lower  whitish ;  feet  pale  brown :  whole  length 
6  inches,  wing  2-7,  tail  2-4.     FemcUe  stmLlar. 

Hall.  Central  America  from  Mexico  to  Panama, 

This  northern  form  of  H.  aulphurfseena  is  recognizable  by  its  grey 
head  and  pale  cinereous  throat  and  breast.  Mr.  Lawrence's  t^pa 
of  R.  Jlavo-olivaeev*  seems  to  come  nearest  to  R.  cintreiaps. 


a.  Ad.  St. 

b.  Ad.Blt. 

c.  ,1  Ad.  sk. 
e.  k.A.  ak. 
/.  Ad.sV. 
S.  Ad.  sk. 
h.  ff  ad.  sk. 
I,  Ad.  sk. 

/.  Ad.  sk. 
'k.  $  ad,  sk. 


dCoU. 


Purchased. 

Solater  Coll.     (Type 

of  the  species.) 
Sslvin-Goai       " 
Sclftter  Coll. 
Salvin-Gudman  OolL 
Selater  OoU. 
Salnn-Godman  ColL 
Jardine  Coll. 
Salvia- Hodman  OdL 
Solviu-Godinan  OoU. 


Northern  Yucatan  ( Gaumer). 
Yucatan  (Boucnrd). 
Choctum,  Vera  PnK  (Salvin). 
CajaboQ,  Vera  Pa»  (Salvin). 
EHCuintla,  Guateuuda  (SalviH). 
Escuintla,  Guatemala  (JVoser). 
Chiaec,  Vera  Pai  {Salimi}, 
Volcan   de  Agua,  above  San 

Diejfo  (Salivfi). 
San  Pedro,  Honduras  ( Whitfly). 
Angiistura,  Costa   Rica   (Car- 


S.  Bhjscbocycliis  megacephalna, 

Tvrannulft  mofscephala,  Sto.  O™,  Dr.  pi.  47. 

Ithyncliocyclus  megacephalus,   Cab.  et  Hem.   Mu»,  ffein.  ii.  p.  66; 


«c/.  Cat.  A.  B.   p.   221;  JVfc.  Ont.  lira*,  p.   110;    i 

Nomencl.  p.  49;  Layard,  Ibin,  1873,  p.  283  (Para). 


'.  at  Sale. 


Above  olivo-green  ;  bend  cinereous ;  lores  whitish  ;  wings  and 
tail  blackish  ;  wing-coverts  and  secondaries  margined  with  yellowiA  ; 
wing-nndtail-feathcrsslightly  edged  with  olivaceous:  beneath,  throat 
cinereous ;  breast  and  flanks  washed  with  olive ;  middle  of  boUy 
and  under  wing-covcrts  pale  aulphur-yollow ;  bill  dark  plumbeous. 
paler  at  tho  base  of  the  lower  mimdible  ;  feet  dark  brown  :  whole 
length  4-4  inches,  wing  2-3,  tail  2,     Female  similar. 

ffali.  Lower  Amazonia,  diyonno  and  Guiana, 


a.  Ad,  sk. 

Bra?:il  (Jainra 

M). 

SclaterColL   ^H 

b.  Ad.  sk. 

Pars  ( ffaliac 

). 

ScIaterCoII.     ^^ 

c.  Ad.  ak. 

Dcmerara. 

Jardiiic  Coll. 

d.  tS  ad.  Bk. 

Mecumfi  Mta 
(WhMsi). 

Brit.  Quinns 

Salvin-G>«i«an  Coll 

^/.  ^  ?  ad,  sk. 

Cnriniani'  r., 

(WhiUl!,). 

S.  .A-merica, 

Brit.  Guiana 

Solviu-Oodma^^L 

g.  Ad,  sk. 

Purchased.      ^H 

56.   BHTK0H00TGLT7B.  171 

9.  Bhynchocyclns  poliocephalns. 

Hhynchocyclus  poliocephalus,  Pelz.  Orn,  Bras,  p.  110;  Tacz.  Om, 

fih",  ii.  p.  285. 
RhynchocYclus  meffacephalus,  Scl  et  Saiv,  P,Z,S,   1866,  p.   180 

(UcayiJi),  1867,  p.  751  (E.  Peru),  1867,  p.  078  (Pebas),  1873, 

p.  125  (S.;  Peru)  et  p.  280  (E.  Peru) ;  Tacz,  P,  Z.  8,  1882,  p.  20; 

td.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  283. 

Above  olive-green;  bead  cinereous;  lores  whitisb;  wings  and 
tail  blackish;  wing-coverts  and  outer  secondaries  margined  with 
yeUowish  ;  rest  of  wing-feathers  and  tail-feathers  slightly  edged  with 
divaceons :  beneath  pale  yellowish,  tinged  with  olivo,  brighter  on 
the  middle  of  the  belly ;  under  wing-coverts  yellowish  white ;  bill 
plumbeous ;  base  of  the  lower  mandible  whitish  ;  feet  dark  brown  : 
irhole  length  4*5  inches,  wing  2*2,  tail  1*8.     Female  similar. 

Hah,  Peru. 

This  species  seems  to  differ  from  R,  megacephalus,  with  which  it 
iraa,  until  recently,  united,  in  the  nearly  uniform  yellowish  colouring 
of  the  body  below,  which  extends  over  the  throat  and  breast.  The 
bill  is  also  rather  wider  than  in  R,  metjaceplmhis, 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Pebas,  Peru  {Hatixwelt).  Sahin-CTodnian  CoU. 

h,  Juv.  sk.  Pebas,  Peru  (Hatwiceli).  Sclater  Coll. 

c  Ad.  sk.  Xeberos,  E.  Peru  (liartletf),  Sclater  Coll. 

rf,  e.  Ad.  sk.  Chyavetas,  E.  Peru.  E.  Ikrtlett  [C.]. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Oosnipata,  S.  Peru  {Whitely).  Salvin-Ciodman  Coll. 

ff.  (S  ad.  sk.  Para  (Layard),  Tweeddalo  Coll. 

10.  Bhynchocyclns  viridiceps. 

Rhynchocyclus  viridiceps,  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  280 ;  iid. 
Nomerui,  p.  40 ;  Tacz,  Om,  Per,  ii.  p.  282. 

Above  uniform  olive-green,  including  the  head ;  lores  whitish ; 
wings  and  tail  blackish ;  wing-coverts  and  outer  secondaries  mar- 
gined externally  with  yellowish  ;  rest  of  wing-  and  tail-feathers 
narrowly  edged  with  olivaceous  :  beneath  yellowish  olive ;  middle 
of  belly  sulphur-yellow  ;  under  wing-covertfl  yellowish ;  bill  dark 
plumbeous,  whitish  at  the  base  of  the  lower  mandible  ;  feet  brown  : 
whole  length  4*6  inches,  wing  2*2,  tail  1-7. 

Hab.  E.  Peru. 

This  smaU  species  is  distinguished  from  the  two  preceding  by  the 
want  of  any  tinge  of  cinereous  on  the  cap.  The  bill  is  rather 
broader  than  in  Ii,  megacepludiis. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Pebas,  Peru  {Hamwdl).  Sclater  Coll.    (Type  of 

the  species.) 

11.  Bhynchocyclns  flaviventris. 

Muscipi'ta  flaviventris,  Max.  Beitr,  iii.  p.  020. 

Cyclorhynchus  flaviventer,  Cah,  Wiegm,  Arch.  1874,  i.  p.  240 ;  id,  in 
Schomb.  Ouian,  iii.  p.  700 ;  Sdater,  Ibis,  1850,  p.  444. 


Rhvncliocyclus  fliiviventris,  Cab.  e(  Hein.  Mui.  Hein.  ii.  p.  60;  Sri. 
Cat.  A.  B.  p.  251 ;  Peh.  Om.  Brat.  p.  110;  Scl.  et  Salv.  N-mmrl. 
p.  40;  Sale.^l  Gvdm.  Idu,  1880,  p.  12i;  Satn.  IhU,  1886,  p,  286 
(Br.  uui&DB), 

Above  bright  yellowish  oUtb  ;  wings  bluckiah  marpned  with 
yellowish;  t«il  bkckish,  ulightly  edged  with  olive :  beneiith  dull 
sulphnr-yellow,  brighter  on  the  middle  of  the  helly  ;  under  wing- 
covcTts  pale  yellow  ;  hill  blackish,  lower  man dihle  whitish  ;  feet  pala 
brown ;  whole  length  4'3  inches,  wing  ^'4,  toil  ^"0.  Femaie 
similar. 

Hab.  Brazil,  Guiann,  Venezuela,  and  Colombia. 


a,  I.  Ad.  ek. 

B^hiB,  Brazil  (  WtithfTfr). 

Solvin-Gndman  Coll. 

C.    Ad.  8k. 

Jiahia,  Brazil. 

Sclater  OoU. 

d, «.  Ad.  ak. 

Brazil. 

Seloter  Coll.       ^m 

/,  Ad.gk. 

Guiana. 

Sdater  Coll.      ^H 

g.  Ad,  Bk. 
A.  Ad.  Bk. 

Guiana  {Brown). 

Sclater  Coll.       ^H 

Triuidad- 

Sclater  CoU.      ^H 

1.  S  ad.  8k. 

Puerto    CftbeUo,    VeneiiuelB 
{GoerinSh 

Saltiu-OoduianeOF 

/  Ad.  «k. 

Boftola. 

Sclater  CoU. 

k.    Ad.  Bk. 

Bos^ila. 

Purehftst'd. 

I.  2  ad.  ak. 

Arihiiicn,U.  S.  C.  (*;m™s). 

KalTin-Godman  CoU. 

«<.  <J  ad.  8k. 

Santa  Mart*,  V.  S.  C.  (Simmi^). 

Sftlvin-Godman  Coll. 

12.  Bhynohocycliu  raflcaada. 

Platyrbynchua  nificaudii,  S}>ix,  Ae.  Bras.  ii.  p.  P,  pi,  11,  f.  2. 

a"  clorhynchuB  ruficaiida.  SctaUr,  Hit,  iHfJO,  p.  444. 
ijiwbocyclue  ruficauda,  Si-I.  Cnt.  A.  B,  p.  221  ;  Prli.  Om,  Brat, 
■a.  110 ;  Sd,  H  Sale.  P.  '£,  S.  IHC;,  p.  678,  et  1873,  p. 280  (E.  Peru)  j 
m.  yomeTiel,  p.  40 ;  Tacz.  Om.  Pfr.  ii.  p.  284 ;    Salv.  IbU,  1886, 
p.  206  (Br.  Guiana). 
lUmphotrigoii  ruficauda,  Qraij,  BandA.  i.  p,  364. 

Above  ohve-green ;  winga  blackish,  broad  tips  of  the  wing- 
Coverts  and  broad  outer  margins  of  primurieB  and  ficcondories 
bright  rufous,  whole  of  t«il  and  upper  tail-eoverts  bright  nifons : 
below  paler  olive-green,  throat  greyish,  breast  flammulated  wilb 
yellow,  middle  of  belly  pale  ycUow,  criasum  rufous ;  under  wing- 
coverts  yellowish,  inner  margiiia  of  wing-feathers  pale  rufous  j  bill 
plumbeous,  base  of  lower  mandible  whitish;  feet  pale  brown t 
whole  length  (i*5  inehea,  wing  3-2,  taU  2*9.  ^^H 

IliU/.  Amazonia  and  Ouiuna.  ^^H 


.  2  ad,  flk. 


d.  ¥  ad.  Bk. 

e.  Ad.  »k. 

/.  Ad.  sk. 


J.  Gould,  Es<t.  ^B 
Balvin-Godman  Coll. 


Chaiuicuros,  Peruvian  Ama- 

i,on9(//au.,-K-e«). 
Chnmicuros,  Peruv,  Amazons 

(liartleU). 

Chamicuroa,  Peruv.  AmMons     E.  BHrtJett  [C.]. 
Para  (  Wallace).  Stlater  CoU. 

Cayeime.  Sclater  CoU. 

Ueiuerara.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


67.  cowopiAs.  173 

hjL  c^  $  ad.  sk.      Bartica  GroTe,  Brit.  Gaiana      Salyin-Godman  ColL 

(  fFhiteiy). 
j.k,  (^  $  ad.  ak.      Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(WMtely). 
^m.  (^  $  ad  sk.       Oarimang  r.,  Brit.  Gaiana         Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(  WhUelv). 
n,  ^  ad.  sk.  Merum^  Mts.,  Brit.  Guiana       Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Whitdy). 


57.  CONOPIAS.  ,-_ 

ConopiaSy  Cab.  et  Heine,  Mw.  Hein.  ii.  p.  G2  (1859) . .  0.  trivirgata. 
Myiadeptea,  Reichenh,  Av,  Syst,  Nat.  t.  Ixvii.  (1850)     C.  trivirgata*. 
Cephalanius,  Bp.  (1854) C  trivirgataf. 

In  Oonapias  the  beak  is  elongated  and  compressed,  otherwise  the 
stracfcnre  is  not  very  different  from  Elaineci,  but  there  is  no  red  or 
jeQow  head-spot.  ' 

The  three  species  are  found  in  the  forests  of  the  northern  parts 
of  South  America. 


Key  to  the  Species. 

A.  Superciliary  stripe  white. 

I  Throat  yellow  like  the  belly 1.  trivirgata ,  p.  173. 

I  Throat  white 2.  inomata^  p.  174. 

B.  Superciliary  stripe  yellow  3.  dnchonett,  p.  174. 


1.  Conopias  trivirgata. 

Muscicapa  trivirgata,  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  871  (1831). 

Conopias  trivirgata,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  755;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nometicl. 

p.  50 ;  Salv.  Cat.  Strickl.  Coll.  p.  310. 
Tyrannula  superciliosa,  Sw.  Orn.  Dr.  pi.  46  (1841) ;  Burm.  Syst, 

Ueb.  ii.  p.  475. 
Conopias  superciliosus,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  G2  (note) ; 

Sd.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  221 ;  Pelz.  Orn.  Bras.  p.  111. 
Muscicapa  pitangula,  Licht.  in  Mus.  Berol. 

Above  olive-green ;  head  black ;  long  superciliary  stripe  white ; 
wings  and  tail  brownish  black :  beneath  yellow,  with  an  olivaceous 
tinge  on  the  breast  and  flanks ;  under  wing-coverts  pale  yellow ; 
bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  6  inches,  wing  3,  tail  2'6. 
Female  similar. 

Hab.  S.E.  Brazil. 

fl.  Ad.  sk.  Bahia,  Brazil  {Wucherer).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

*  6,  c.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Purchased. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 


*  Cf.  Gray,  Cat.  of  Gen.  B.  p.  49  (1855). 
t  C/.  Gray,  Hand-L  L  p.  359. 


174  TntARinDa. 

2.  Conopias  inornata. 
MptHetetea  inomatua,  Lam.  Ann,  L,  JV.   K.  ii.  p.  203 ;    Fin»i 

P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  569. 
CoQopifts  inomata,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  750;  Sd.  et  Sak.  Nomen 

p.  60  i  Sale.  Cat.  Strickl.  CoU.  p.  316.       , 

Like  C.  inomata,  but  distiiiguiahed  by  its  larger  size,  whi 
throat,  and  biown  back. 

S<^.  Venezuela  and  Trinidad. 

3.  Conopiaa  cinchoiLeti. 

TjrannuB  ciachoneti,  Tsch.  l-'aun.  I'er,  p.  161,  pL  Tiii.  fis.  2. 
Conopias  ciuchoneti,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  756 ;  Scl  et  Salv.  Nomen 

p.  60;   TaiA.   Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  adS;   Tacz.  et   BcH.  P.  Z.  S.  18t 

p.  01  (Ecuador). 

AboTo  oliro-grecD ;  cap  and  sides  oF  head  lik'o  the  back ;  froi 
euperciliaries,  and  stripe  round  the  uapc  yellow ;  wings  and  ti 
brownish  black :  beneath  ycUoH* ;  sides  of  breast  olivaceous ;  b 
and  feet  black :  whole  length  5'5  inches,  wing  3-0,  tail  2'6. 

Uab.  Colombia,  Ecuador,  and  Peru. 

Eoadily  disdEguiBhablo  bam  the  two  preceding  by  its  yclU 
superciliaries. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Cc 

6.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Ct 


58.  PIIANOUS. 

I'itaogQS,  Sm.  Zool.  Joui-n.  iii.  p.  105  (1B37)     P,  sulphimiti 

'"  I.  Fauna  Bor.-Am..  Aoes,  p.  434  (Ift)l)  P.  aulphurati 


58.  VTTAlfBVS.  176 

I  Bill  stronger :  throat  white 6.  parousj  p.  179. 

)  Bill  weaker :  throat  yellow  6.  albovittatuSf  p.  179. 

B.  Under  surface  white. 
e.  Tail-end  white. 

{Flanks  white 7.  C(ntdi/a8ciatu8,ip.l7d. 

Flanks  yellowish    8.  bahatnensts,  p.  180. 

d.  Tail-end  brown. 

Back  blackish    9.  taylori,  p.  180. 

Back  rufous 10.  gabbif  p.  180. 


I 


1.  Fitangns  derbianns. 

Tyrannus  sulphuratus,  Sw.  Phil,  Mag,  1827,  i.  p.  368  (Mexico). 

Sauropbagus  sulphiiratus,  Oambely  Joum,  Acad.  Philad.  ser.  2,  i.  p.  39. 

Saurophagus  derbianuSi  Kaup,  P.  Z,  S,  1851,  p.  44 ;  Ccdt.  et  Ilein, 
Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  62. 

Pitangus  derbianus,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S,  1856,  p.  297,  et  18o9,  pp.  45, 56, 
366 ;  id.  Ibis,  1859,  p.  438 ;  id.  Cat  A.  B.  p.  321 ;  id,  P,  Z,  S. 
1864,  p.  176;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Ibis,  1859,  p.  120;  iid.  P,Z,  S,  1870, 
p.  837;  iid,  Nomencl,  p.  50;  Laior.  Ann,  L,  N.  Y,  ix.  p.  114; 
Owen,  Ibis,  1861,  p.  63 ;  Frantz.  J,  f.  O,  1869,  p.  307 ;  Salv.  et 
Godm,  Ibis,  1879,  p.  201 ;  Ridyw.  P,  U.  S.  N.  M,  iii.  pp.  ]a5,  218, 
vi.  pp.  374,  384 ;  id,  Man.  N.  A,  B.  p.  a31 ;  Nutting,  P.  U.  S,  N, 
M,  V.  p.  394 ;  Salv,  P,  Z.  S,  1883,  p.  424 ;  Boncard,  P.  Z,  S.  1883, 
p.  448. 

Saurophagus  rufipennis,  Lajr.  Rev.  Zool.  1851,  p.  471  (Caraccas) ; 
Cab,  et  Hein,  Mus.  Hein,  ii.  p.  63. 

Pitangus  rufipennis,  Scl.  Cat,  A.  B.  p.  222;  Taylor,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  86 
(Trinidad)  ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1868,  p.  168  (Venezuela) ;  Wgatt, 
Ibis,  1871,  p.  333  (Colombia). 

Rtangus  derbianus  rufipennis,  Bol.  Ibis,  1884,  p.  434  (Orinoco). 

Saurophagus  guatimalensis,  Lafr.  Rev,  Zool.  1852,  p.  462. 

Above  brown ;  head  black,  front  large ;  superciliaries  and  line 
round  the  nape  white  ;  large  vertical  crest  yellow,  tipped  with  black ; 
wings  and  tail  brown,  margined  with  bright  rufous,  the  rufous 
occupying  the  whole  of  the  outer  webs  of  the  primaries  and  forming 
a  conspicuous  patch :  beneath  sulphur-yellow  ;  throat  white  ;  inner 
margins  of  wing-  and  tail-feathers  rufous  ;  bill  and  feet  black : 
whole  length  8*5  inches,  wing  4*7,  tail  8*5.     Female  similar. 

Hab,  Southern  Mexico,  Guatemala  and  Honduras,  also  Colombia, 
Venezuela,  and  Trinidad. 

The  southern  specimens  have  the  red  on  the  wings  still  more 
developed,  and  may  be  regarded  as  constituting  a  subspecies,  P. 
derbianus  rufipennis, 

a,  Subsp.  typica. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Jalapa,  Mexico  {de  Oca),  Sclater  OoU. 

b.  2ad.sk.  Mazatlan,W.  Mexico  (f'brr^r).    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Mazatlan,  W.  Mexico   {Bis^      Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

chef), 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Acapulco,  Mexico  (Markham).    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
e-g,  2  ^'  ^*         Tonala  (Chiapas),  Mexico        Sal?in-Godman  Coll. 

{Sumichrast). 
h.  Ad.  sk.  Northern  Yucatan  (Oaumer).     Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


JTRiSmOX, 


i-k.  Ad.  A. 
I,  9  (id.  ak. 

u.'aj.'a.' 

n.    2  «d.  ek. 
;i.  Ad.  sk. 


c  Ad.  ek. 
rf.  a  wl.  «k. 
*,/.  Ad,  sk. 
ff.  Ad.  8k. 
^.  Ad.  Bk. 


Mufere«I.,Yiiciitan(diumef-), 
Moco  I.,  Yutatan  (Oatimcr). 
Cozumell.,  YiLuiitnuCifrunwr). 
Belize,  Brit.  HoadurM  {BUin- 

Beliie,  IIondurM  (Snli-in). 
Sftn    Pedro,    Honduras 

KeKdul«u,tlu«ti-niiiIn(&/Mn). 
Dunnns,  (.tuAtamnln  iSah'in). 
S.  On6aimojiSaivm). 

b.  Snbep,  rvfipenitU. 

Sants  MartB,  U.  S,  C. 

Vulle  Dupur,  Snnu  Mutfl,  U.S. 

BogoU. 

Cai*ci>B,Vene!;uelfi  ( Gnering). 

Trinidiid. 

Tiinidnd. 

Trinidad. 

2.  Pitangns  snlplLiiratiis. 


Halvin-Godiuait  Coll. 

Salvin-ODduwn  Coll. 
Snlvin-Godman  Ooll. 
Salrin-Godman  Ct.lL 


SalviQ-Oodinan  Coll. 

Snlvin-Guduian  Coll. 
Solftter  Coll. 


ScUti-r  Ooll. 
SBlvin-Oodman  ColL 
Srlater  Coll. 
rurchnsed, 
Zon!.  Soc,  Coll. 


lanina  sulphuTalus,  Lmn.  S.  S.  i.  p.  137  (Cnjennii). 
TjTftnniis  sulpburatus,  Vieill.  01m.  An.  Sept,  p.  77,  pL  47. 
SxurophagTiB  aulphuratus,  Svi.  Qius.  B.  ii.  p.  325 ;  Cab.  in  SnAomb. 

Guian.m.  p.  608;  JToup,  P.  Z,  S.  1851,  p.  44;  Z-^.  ii«P.  Zool. 

1851, p.  476;  Sum.  ^»(.  Ueb.  iL  p.  461. 
"  Megarfiynclius  Bulpbuiatus,  Thunh.,"  Hein.  Jottm.  f.  Om.  185ff, 

Pitnn^t  sulphurntus,  Gray, List  Gen.  B. p.  41  (1841 );  SrMer,  P.  Z.  8. 

leSfl,  p.  45 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  2^3  ;  Scl.  ft  Salt:  P.  Z.  S.  18116, 

p.  189, 1 867,  pp.  578,  751 ,  978,  et  1873,  p.  280 ;  iVrf.  Nomencl.  p.  60 ; 

BamiKoB,  iSir,  1871,  p.  304;  Pelz.  Om,  Brai.  p.   111 ;  irf.  Ibia, 

1873, p.  114;  j?<r/.J./.0. 1873,0,201;  For&-«,  Am,  1881, p. 342! 

Taia.P.  Z.S.  1882,  p.  20;  W.  Om.  Pir.  ii,  p.  280;  Salv.  Ibia, 

lB8fi,  p.  206  (Br.  Guians), 
CorviiB  lEuco)fHBter,  Sudd,  ex  IH.  Ent.  200  (jr.). 
CorruB  llavus,  Gm.  S.  iV.  i.  p.  37.1  (jr.). 
TrrwinuB  mBRQajiiniuB,  VieSl.  Snc.  Milh.  p.  8B0. 
Muscirapo,  pitangua,  Ma.T.  Beitr,  iii.  p.  8.'<8. 
Saiiropliagus  maxim iliflJii,  Cab.  et  Sum.  Mut.  Hein.  ii,  p.  63, 
IHtanpufl  masiiuitiaai.   Set.   Cat.   A.   B.  p.  222;  I'th.   Om.    Bran. 

p.  Ill;  B»rt.  J.f.  0.  1873,  p,  200. 

Above  browii ;  head  black :  front,  supcrciliariea,  and  line  ronud 
the  nape  white ;  large  vertical  crest  yrUow,  tipped  with  binek ; 
wings  and  tail  browii  with  nifoua  margiTis  :  beneath  aulphiir-yellow  ; 
throat  white;  under  wing-coTerts^ellow,  inner  margins  of  wing-ond 
tail-feathers  pale  rufous  :  bill  and  feet  black:  whole  length  8  inches, 
wing  4-3,  tail  3-3,  Female  Bimilar,  but  yellow  crest  perhniiB  not 
BO  yie]l  dereloped. 

Hab.  Guiatta,  Amazonia,  and  Brazil. 

This  bird  is  intermediate  between  the  norlht-m  P.  derbianus  and 


58.   l»ITA2r617S. 


177 


the  flouthem  P.  hoUvianus,  It  has  moro  red  on  the  wings  and  tail 
tJian  the  latter,  and  not  so  much  as  the  former.  The  Brazilian  form 
eomes  rather  nearer  to  P.  bolivianus  than  the  typical  form  from 
GKiiana,  and  may  be  treated  as  a  subspecies. 


a.  Ad.  sk. 

bf  c,  ad.  sk. 
d.  ^  ad.;e,/.   $ 
ad.  sk. 

f.  Ad.  sk. 
.  Ad.  sk. 

if  J,  Ad.  sk. 
k.   $  ad.  sk. 


a.  Ad.  sk. 

b.  Ad.  sk. 

e,  d.  Ad.  sk. 
^-g.  Ad.  sk. 
A.  c^  ad.  sk. 
L  $  ad.  sk. 

/.  Ad.  sk. 

k.  $  ad.  sk. 

Ij  m.  Ad.  sk. 
91.  Ad.  sk. 


a.  Subsp.  typxca. 

Georgetown,  Brit.  Guiana 

(Broxcn), 
British  Guiana. 
Bairtiea  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana 

(  Whitely). 
VtLTfi,  {Wallace) . 
Island  of  Mexiana,  Lower 

Amazons  (  Wallace). 
Sarajacu,  Ecuador  {Buckley). 
Pebas,  E.  Peru  {UaiLixoeU). 

h,  Subsp.  maximiliani, 

Ceara,  N.  Brazil  {Jesse). 
Ceara,  N.  Brazil  {Jesse). 
Pemambuco,  Brazil  {Forbes). 
Bahia,  Brazil  (  Wucherer), 
Ypanema,  Brazil  {Natterer). 
Rio  Claro,  Goyaz,  13razil  {Joy- 

ner). 
Novo  Fribouigo,  Rio  ( Youds). 
Pelotas,  Rio  Grande   do  Sul, 

Brazil  {Joy Tier). 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 


Sclater  Coll. 

R.  Geogr.  Soc.  [P.l. 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 

Sc'later  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godnmn  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Ciodman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Sclater  Coll. 

M.  Claussen  [P.]. 


3.  Fitangus  bolivlanns. 

Tyrannus  sulphuratus,  cTOrb.  Voy.,  Ois.  p.  304. 
Saurophagus  bolivianus,  Lafr.  Hev.  //)ol.  18o2,  p.  463. 
Saurophagus  bellicosus,  Cab.  ct  Hein.  Mus.  Hcin.  ii.  p.  r4. 
Pitangus  bellicosus,  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  222;  Pelz.  Oni.  Bras.  p.  Ill; 

ScL  et  Salv.  F.  Z.  6'.  1868,  p.  142,  et  I87i>,  p.  614 ;  iid.  Nomend.  p.  60 ; 

BerlJ.f.  O.  1873,  p.  260;  Bumf.  Ihh,  1877,  p.  178;  Gibsoiiy 

Ibis,  \m,  p.  24,  et  1885,  p.  280 ;   White,  F.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  607 ; 

Barrows,  Bull.  Nutt.  Oni.  CI.  viii.  p.  200  (Entrerios). 
Saurophagus  sulphuratus,  Burm.  La-Flata  Beise,  ii.  p.  452. 
Pitangus  bolivianus,  BerL  et  Jher.  Zeitschr.  yes.  Orn.  1885,  p.*  134 

(Rio  Grande  do  Sul) ;  Scl  et  Huds.  Ary.  Orn.  i.  p.  147. 

Above  brown ;  head  black ;  front,  superciliaries,  and  line  round 
the  nape  white;  large  vertical  crest  yellow,  tipped  with  black ;  wings 
and  tail  brown,  with  slight  fuscous  or  rufous  margins :  beneath 
aulphur-yellow ;  throat  white;  under  wing-coverts  yellow;  inner 
margins  of  wing-feathers  pale  rufous  ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole 
length  8-5  inches,  wing  4-5,  tail  3*7.  Female  similar,  but  crest 
less  developed. 

ffab.  Bolivia,  Argentine  Republic,  Uruguay,  and  South  Brazil. 

VOL,  XIV.  ^ 


It  is  very  difficult  to  separate  some  Argentine  skins  from 
phuratua  maximiliani  of  S.E-  Brazil.  In  Bolivian  osample 
are  absolutely  no  mfoue  margine  to  the  wiog-  and  tail-feathi 

0,  b.  Ad.  flk.  Uruguay.  Alan  Peel  [C 

c.  iS  ad.  ek.  Cosquin,  CoTdova,  Arg.  Rep.      SalviD-QoHUn 

{White). 

d.  iS  ad.  sk.  Couchitas,  Buenos  Ayres         SalviD'Oodm 

(Hudson). 

e.  $  ad.  gk.  Concliltas,   Buenos  Ayrea  Sclat«r  Coll. 

(Hudion). 

/.  Ad.  sk.  BuenoB  Ayres  (Satlehiut).  Sclater  Coll. 

g.  Ad.  ek.  Punta  Lam,  Buenos  Ayrea.  H.  Dumford 

A.  Jr.  sk.  Buenos  Ayras.  H.  Dumford 

1.  Ad.  sk.  BueooB  Ayres.  Sclater  CoU. 
;.  Ad.  sk.  Bolivia.  Sclater  ColJ. 
ft.  Ad.  sk.  BoliTia.  T.  Bridges  [C 


4.  FitangoB  lictor. 

Lanius  lictor,  Lirht.  Douhl.  p.  40. 

Saurophague  lictor,  Gray  et  Mitch.  Qm.  B.  i.  p.  246,  pi.  (i3 ; 
Sckomb.  Guian.  iii.  p.  698 ;  Bb.  Catup.  i.  p.  103 ;  Kaup, 
1861,  p.  44;  Burm.  St/st.    Ueb.  ii.  p.  462[  Cab.  et  Sei 

Pitangus  lictor,'  Later.  Ann.  L.  N.  Y.  vii.  p.  327  (Panam 
Cat.  A.  B.  p.  221  ;  Sd.  et  Sah.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  369  (V 
et  1867,0.678  (LowerAmaions);  iid.  Nomend. -p.  GO ;  Si 
1885,  p.  290  (Br,  Guiana). 

Megarhynchus  flavus,  Thtmb.,  Hein.  Joum.f.  Ont.  1860,  p.  I 

'Muscicapa  cayenneiisis,  Mai'.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  846. 

Saurophague  pueillus,  Sto.  An,  in  Meaag.  p.  264. 

Above  olive-brown  ;  head  black  ;  front,  snperciliaries,  au( 
ind  the  nape  wliitc  ;  crest  yellow,  tiiii 


68.  FETAveim.  179 

5.  Htangai  pftrmi. 

FttngiM  parro^  IWr.  Om.  Bras,  pp.  Ill,  181  (1871) :  8ah.  Cai. 
^nM.  CULp.  810;  «i  Ibia,  1885,  p.  206  (Br.  Guiana). 

AJbowB  dark  atiTe,  dightly  mottled  witli  blackish ;  head  Uack ; 
fbmt,  siiperailiaiieBy  and  stripe  round  the  nape  irhite ;  vertioal  crest 
yellow,  tipped  wilh  black ;  wings  and  tail  blackish  brown,  with 
wB^  whitish  edgings :  beneath  bright  yellow ;  bill  and  feet  black : 
wlude  length  6  inches,  wing  3*3,  tail  2*7.    Female  similar. 

jEToi.  Interior  of  Brazil,  Lower  Amazonia,  and  Guiana. 

At  once  distinguishable  from  P.  lictor  by  its  wider  bill,  square 
tail,  and  yeUow  throat. 

au  6.  <f  ad. ;  c.        Merum^  Mts.,  Brit.  Guiana        Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

$ad.Bk.  {WhitM\. 

A  $  ad.  sk.  Merumd  Mts.,  Brit.  Guiana        Sclater  Coll. 

(  WhiUly), 
#,/.  tf  $  ad.        Camacusa,      Brit     Guiana        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

ak.  ( Whitdy), 

g.  iS  wLbIl,  Camacusa,      Brit.     Guiana        Sclater  Coll. 

(  Whitely), 
A.  $  ad.  sk  Carimang  r.,   Brit.   Guiana        SalTin-Godman  Coll. 

(WMdy). 
i.  Ad.  sk.  Gmana.  Sclater  Coll. 

«'•  Ad.  sk.  Guiana.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

m.  Ad.  sk.  Oyapoc,  Cayenne.  Sclater  Coll. 

6.  Fitangns  albovittatns. 

Pitangos  albovittatus,  Lawr,  Ibis,  18G2,  p.  11. 

Nearly  allied  to  P,  parvus,  but  bill  smaller,  throat  white,  and 
back  more  olivaceous :  whole  length  5*8  inches,  wing  3*2,  tail  2*7. 

Hab.  Panama. 

Mr.  Lawrence  has  kindly  sent  me  the  type  of  this  species  for 
examination.    It  appears  to  be  quite  distinct. 

7.  Pitangns  candifasciatns. 

l^iannus  caudifaaciatus,  cPOrb.  in  La  Sagra'a  Cub.,  Ois.ia.  70,  pi.  12; 

Gaseef  B,  Jam,  p.  177 ;  id.  III.  B.  Jam.  pi.  44 ;  Cab,  Journ,f,  Om. 

1865,  p.  478 ;  Cab,  et  Hein,  Mm,  Hein.  ii.  p.  80  j  Qundi,  J,  f,  0. 

1861,  p.  828,  et  1872,  p.  424  (Cuba) ;    Brewer,  Proc,  Bost,  Soe. 

iV.J5r.rii.p.307(Cuba). 
Pitangns  caudifasdatus,  Sol,  P,  Z,  S,  1861,  p.  76  (Jamuca);  id.  Oat, 

aTjB.  p.  222 ;  8cl,  et  Salv.  Namencl,  p.  60. 

AboTO  grey ;  cap  black,  with  a  concealed  yellow  vertical  crest ; 
wingi  bladdsh,  win^-coverts  and  secondaries  margined  with  white ; 
tail  blackish,  with  a  broad  basal  band  occupying  only  the  inner 
webs  white  tinged  with  yellowish,  and  a  slight  apical  band  whitish : 
beneath  white ;  under  wing-coverts  and  crissum  tinged  with  yellow; 
hill  and  ftet  black:  whole  length  7*5  inches,  wing  4,  tail  3*3. 
AmoZs  similar. 

JETaiw  Cnba  and  Jamaica. 

v2 


b.  cf  Ad.  ik. 
0.  Ad.8k. 
(i  ({  ad.ek. 


San  Oriatobftl,  Cuba. 

Cuba. 

Jamaica  (Ootie). 

Moneague,  Jamaica  {Salvm  ^ 

Oodnuiu). 
Moneague,  Jamuca  (Bryant). 
Jamuca  (Sn/ant). 

Jamuca  (Otbum). 
Jamaica  {Oidum). 
Omad  Csyman  I.  (Bichaniton). 


SalTin-Oodman 
Salvin-Godmai 
SclateT  Coll. 
Salrin-GodmBi 

Salvin-Qudmai 
Exore.  of  Dr.  ] 

[P.], 
Sclftter  Coll. 
Salvin-Oodmai 
Sclater  CoU. 


8.  PituigttB  baliamensu. 

Tyrannua  caudifeswatus,  Bryant,  iV.  Boit.  S.  If.  B.  Tii.  p.  1 

p,  66  (Bahamas). 
Fjtangusbaliaoieiisis,  Bryant,  op.  at.  ix.  p.  279  {1864)  ;  Con/ 

Bakam.  p.  102 ;  lUdffw.  Man.  X.  A.  B.  p.  331. 

Similar  to  P.  eaadiftueiatua,  but  QDder  wing-coverts,  flank 
crismun  mle  lemon- yellow. 
Sab.  Bahama  Islands. 

a.  $  ad.  ak.  Nassau,  New  ProTidence,  Salvin-Godma 

Bahainas  (Cory). 


9.  Pitangns  taylori. 
I^tangus  tajlori,  Scl.  Ibis,  1864,  p.  100  j  Set.  et  Sahi.  Pommel 
TyMnnna  taylori,  Sund.  (Efn.  Vet.-Akad.  Fork.  1862,  p.  688 ; 
J.f.  O.  1878,  p.  171  i  id.  An.  Soc.  E^.  H.  N.  vii.  p.  193. 

Above  dark  browaiab  cinereous ;  cap  Mack,  with  a   cot 
vertical  crest  of  yellow  und  whit*  :  wings  bluckiah,  msrginei 


59.  8IBTBTBB.  I8l 

stead  of  dusky  greyiah  brown,"  and  wings  and  tail  edged  with 
ferrnginons. 

Hab.  St.  Domingo. 

59.  SIR7STES. 
Siiystea,  Cab,  et  Hein,  Mm.  Hein,  ii.  p.  76  (1869)    S.  abflator. 

Key  to  the  Species, 

A.  Romp  dnereoufi  like  the  back 1.  sibilator,  p.  181. 

B.  Rump  white : 

fedgrngs     of      wing-coverts    narrow, 

I     greyish 2.  albocinereus^  p.  181. 

( edgings  of  wing-coverts  broad,  white  3.  albogriseusy  p.  182. 

1.  Sirystes  sibilator. 

Pitador,  Azara^  ApurU.  ii.  p.  135. 

Muscicapa  sibilator,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Bid,  xxi.  p.  457 ;  id,  Enc,  MM, 

p.  831. 
Muscicapa  sibilans,  Licht.  Douhl,  p.  54. 

S^rannma  sibilans,  Hartl.  Ind.  Az.  p.  13. 
yiarchus  sibilans,  Burm.  Syst.  Ueh,  ii.  p.  472. 
Sirystes  sibilator,  Cah.  et  Hein.  Miis.  Hein.  ii.  p.  75 :  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B. 
p.  222 J   Teh.  Orn.  Bras. j^.  Ill;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  50; 
Cab.J.f,  O,  1874,  p.  89;  Berl.  et  Jher,  Zeitschr,  ges,  Orn,  1885, 
p.  135  (Rio  Grande  do  Sul). 

Above  pale  cinereous,  lighter  on  the  rump  and  with  slight  blackish 
striations  on  the  back ;  cap  black  ;  wings  black ;  wiug-coverts  and 
outer  secondaries  broadly  edged  with  cinereous  white  ;  tail  black : 
beneath  pale  cinereous ;  middle  of  belly,  under  wing-coverts,  and 
inner  margins  of  primaries  whitish ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole 
length  7*5  inches,  wing  3-8,  tail  3'4.     Female  similar. 

Hah.  8.E.  BrazU. 

ayh,(S  ? ad. sk.   Pelotas,    Kio    Grande     do    Sid,  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Brazil  (Joyner). 

c.  c?  ad.  sk.        Kio  Claro,Goyaz,  Brazil  (Joyner).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Purchased. 

f.  Ad.  St.  Brazil.  Purchased. 

2.  Sirystes  albocinerens.    (Plate  XIY.) 

Tyrannus  sp.  inc.,  Sd.  et  Salv.  P,  Z.  S,  1866,  p.  189. 

Sirystes  albogriseus,  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S  1873,  p.  280 ;  Tacz.  Orn. 

Fir.  ii.  p.  287. 
Sirystes  allbocinereus,  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  156. 

Above  cinereous ;  rump  pure  white ;  cap  black ;  wings  black ; 
wing-coverts  slightly  edged  with  cinereous,  outer  secondaries  mar- 
gin^ with  white  ;  tail  and  upper  tail-coverts  black :  beneath  white ; 
throat  and  breast  tinged  with  cinereous ;  under  wing-coverts  white  ; 


inner  marina  of  wing-feathers  grey ;  bill  and  feet  black : 
length  7  inches,  wing  3'9,  tail  3*1. 

ffab.  Colombia,  Ecuador,  and  Upper  Amazonia. 


Sclater  Cull. 

of  the  8pePift 
Salvin-Oodmai 
E.  Bartlett  [P. 
Sclater  CoU. 
Salvin-Godmai 


'■P:^: 


a.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota. 

6.  Ad.  ak.  Sarftyocu,  EcuftduT  {Suckley'). 

c.  Ad.  gk.  SanU  Cruz,  E.  Peru. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Upper  Amazous  (BartleW). 

e.  $  ad.  8k.  Yquilos,    Upper   Amazone 

(  Whitely). 

Z.  Sirystes  albogriaeiu. 

Lipaugus  albogiiseus,  Lavnr.  Ann.  L.  N.  Y.  Tii 
Siiyates  albo^nseua,  Set.  el  Saiv.  F.  Z.  S.  1660,  y.  .w. 

Above  pale  cinereous ;  rump  white ;  cap  black ;  wings  1 
wing-covertB  and  secondaries  broadly  margined  with  white 
black,  with  a  whitish  apical  band :  beneath  white,  alightly  tinge 
cinereons ;  crissum  and  nnder  wing-cOTerts  white  ;  bill  dark  b 
feet  black :  whole  length  7  inches,  wing  4,  tail  3'6. 

Hab.  Veragua  and  Panama. 

Dbtiugoiahable  &om  S.  sihUator  by  its  white  rump,  and 
3.  albocinereiis  by  the  broad  white  margins  on  the  winga. 

n.  Ad.  sk.  Veragua.  Salvin-Godma 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Veragua  (Arcf).  Salvin-Oodma 


60.  HTI0DTI7ASIES*. 


60.   MTIODTNASTEB.  183 

d.  Upper  tail-coverts  uniform  with  back : 

ioieaat  duUer,  slightly  flammulated 6.  chryaocephaku^  p.  187. 

breast  clear  yellow,  not  flammulated  . .  7.  hemichrysuBy  p.  188. 


1.  Myiodynastes  Inteiventris. 

Tvrannus  audax,  Selatery  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  297  (Mexico). 
Myiodynastes  luteiventer,  Bp.  Compt  Jlend.  xxviii.  p.  659,  et  Not. 

Om,  p.  87 ;  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  75 ;  ScUiter,  P.  Z.  S. 

1859,  pp.  43,  66,  366,  383,  et  1804,  p.  176 ;  id.  Ibis,  1859,  p.  438 ; 

id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  223;  Sclat.  et  Salv.  Ibis,  1859,  p.    120;  iid. 

P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  837 ;  iid.  Nomend.  p.  50 ;  Cab.  J.  f.  O.  1861, 

p.  250;  Lawr.  Ann.  L.  N.  Y.  ix.  p.  114;  Salo.  Ibis,  1^72,  p.  318; 

Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  637,  et  1882,  p.  21 ;    Boucard,  P.  Z.  8. 

1878,  p.  63,  et  1883,  p.  448 ;   Rid^w.  P.  U.  S.  N.  M.  iii.  pp.  186, 

218 ;  id.  Ma7i.  N.  A.  B.  p.  332. 

Above  pale  brownish  white,  varied  by  numerous  blackish  shaft- 
spots  ;  head  with  a  concealed  crest  of  bright  yellow ;  wings 
blackish,  lesser  coverts  like  the  back,  greater  coverts  and  secondaries 
broadly  margined  with  white  externally;  tail  bright  ferruginous 
red,  shafts  and  adjacent  median  portions  of  both  webs  blackish ; 
upper  tail-coverts  rufoua  with  black  shaft-spots :  beneath  pale 
sulphur-yellow ;  throat  white ;  throat,  breast,  and  sides  of  beUy 
with  numerous  black  shaft-spots ;  bill  dark  brown,  paler  at  the 
base  of  the  lower  mandible ;  feet  dark  brown :  whole  length 
8  inches,  wing  4*4,  tail  3-3.     Female  similar. 

Hah,  Mexico  and  Central  America  down  to  Costa  Rica. 

The  strong  yellow  tinge  of  the  belly  and  under  wing-coverts  dis- 
tinguishes this  bird  from  its  more  southern  representatives. 

a,  h.  Ad.  sk.  Orizaba,  Mexico  (Botferi).  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  (^  ad.  sk.  Presidio,  Mexico  {Forrer).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

d-f.  Ad.  sk.  Northern  Yucatan  (Gainner).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

g.  Ad.  sk.  Belize,   Brit.    Honduras   {Blanca-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

neatLv). 

h.  Ad.  sk.  Vera  Paz.  O.  Salvin,  Esq.  [P.]. 

i,j.  Ad.  sk.  Vera  Paz  (Salvin).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

k.  Ad.  sk.  Guatemala.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Savana  of  Santo  Toribio,  Guate-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

mala  (Salvin). 

m.  $  ad.  sk.  E3Cuintla,Guat3mala(i'Va.«fer).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

n.  Ad.  sk.  Irazu,  Costa  Rica  (Rojers).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

o.  Ad.  sk.  Chontales,  Nicaragua  (Janson).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

p.  (^  ad.  sk.  Barranca,  Costa  Rica  ( Canniol).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

q.  2  ad.  sk.  Santa  Rosa,  Costa  Rica  (Carmiol).  Sahdn-Qodman  Coll. 


2.  Myiodynastes  nobilis. 

Myiodynastes  nobilis,  Sdater,  P.  Z.  S.  1869,  pp.  42,  43,  et  1800, 
p.  206 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  223 ;  Lawr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  vii.  p.  296, 
viii.  p.  177,  ix.  p.  114 ;  Sd.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  360;  Salv. 


TTHiWHID*. 


8;  Wyatt,  Jftii,  187],  p.  333; 


P.  7..  S.  1867.  p.  148,  Bt  1870,  i 

Nutring,  P.  U.  S.  N.  M.  v.  p.  Sa*. 
MyiodynastM  luteiventria,  Tovl.  Om.  Pfr.  ii.  p,  290  ? 
MjiodjiiiwUss  audai,  Jfr/,  J./.  0.  1884.  p.  303. 
MjiodyiiEiBteB  audax  nobilis,  Ridgv:.  Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  323. 

Above  palo  rufous,  Toricd  by  numeroue  black  shaft-spots  ;  head 
with  a  concealed  crest  of  bright  yellow ;  sides  of  head  lilaok  : 
wings  blackish  ;  covcrta  and  primaries  narrowly  edged  with  rufous : 
outer  secoDdaries  more  broadly  edged  with  white ;  tail  ferrugi- 
□ouared;  ahafU  and  adjacent  median  portions  of  both  webs  blockish  ; 
upper  tail-coverts  rufoua  with  black  ahaFt-spota :  beneath  white, 
flanks  and  crissum  washed  with  pale  sulphur-yellow ;  breast  and 
flanks  more  or  less  marked  with  narrow  blackish  shaft-spots; 
under  wing-coverts  pale  sulphur-yellow  ;  bill  brown,  base  of  the 
lower  mandible  pale :  feet  dark  brown :  whole  length  8  inches, 
wing  4-3,  tail  3-6.     Female  similar. 

Hab.  Costa  Bica,  Vera^a,  Panama,  Colombia,  and  Ecuador. 

This  bird  is  distinguishable  from  M.  hUf.iventrii  by  the  mnch 
whiter  surface  below  and  the  very  narrow  shaft-spots  of  the  breast. 
By  the  latter  character  it  is  also  sepurohle  from  M.  amla^:.  It  is, 
however,  merely  an  intermediate  form,  and  passes  into  its  northern 
and  aouthem  rejiresentutives  at  the  extremities  of  its  range. 

Costa  Rica.  Tweeddale  Coll. 

Bebedero,  Nieoys,  Costa  Rica  Salviu-Godmou  Coll. 

{A>-ci). 

Santa  F^,  Veragua  (Arcf),  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

Ohitra,  Veragua(iir(rf).  Salviti-Godman  Coll. 

Chitra,  Veragiia  {Arcf).  0.  Salvia,  Esq.  [P.]. 

Colobre,  Veragua  lArci).  Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

Cslohre,  Veragiia  (Arc/).  Sclatur  Coll. 

Chepo,    Istluu.    of    Panama  Salvin-Godmaa  ColL 

(iro^). 

Panama  (McLeannan).  Salrin-Godmsn  Coll. 

Panama  {Hirh»).  Salvin-Oodmaa  ColL 

Pouams  (McLfimaan).  Sclater  ColL 

Panama  {Hufih^n).  Sclater  CoU. 

Panuna  {McLcannan).  Tweeddale  Coll. 

Minca,    Sierra  Nevada  of  S.  Sclater  Coll. 

Marta  {Simnru), 


a. 

e  ad.  sk. 

&- 

0.  Ad.  sk. 

/ 

2  ad.  ak. 

9- 

a  ad.sk. 

A. 

d  ad.ak. 

e  ad.sk. 

1 

Ad.  sk. 

I.  Ad.  sk. 

m, 

n.   (J  2  "d.sk 

S  ad.8k. 

Id.sk. 

P- 

7' 

Ad.  sk. 

?-..  Ad.  ek. 

(. 

Ad.sk. 

Santa  Idnria,  Colombia. 

Frontino,  tJ.  8.  C.  ^Salmoii). 
Remedies,  AnHuquia,  U.  S.  0. 


Sclater  ColL     (Type 

of  the  species.) 
Salvin-Qodman  ColL 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


Eameraldas,  Kcuador  f /VaMr).  Sclater  ColL 

DaltarMta.,  Ecuador  (Itling-  Snlvin-Godmon  ColL 

tpnrtli). 

Sis,  Ilitft,  F^uador  (BwkUy).  Salrin-Godnmn  Coll, 

Sftm\iicu,EcQ!ldor  {Buckley],  Salvin-Godman  C{jl. 


60.  XnODTVASTBS.  185 

3.  Myiodynastes  audaz. 

Le  Gbbe-mouche  tachet^  de  Cayenne^  Daub,  PL  Enl  453.  fig.  2. 

MuacicapA  audax,  Chn,  S.  N,  i.  j.  934. 

Tynmiiiis  audax,  VieUl.  JEnc,  mSth.  p.  846. 

Scaphorhynchus  audax.  Cab.  in  Schonib.  Ouian,  iii.  p.  699. 

Megarhynchiis  audaX;  Mein,  Joum,  /.  Om.  1859,  p.  342. 

Myiodynastes  audax,  Selater,  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  45 ;  id.  Cat,  A,  B. 
p.  223 ;  Oi*.  e<  Hein.  Mus,  Hein.  ii.  p.  74 ;  Taylor,  Ibis,  1864, 
p.  86 ;  Pdz.  Om,  Bras,  p.  112 ;  ScL  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  578, 
1868,  p.  168,  1875,  p.  237,  et  1879,  p.  514 ;  iid.  NomencL  p.  50 ; 
Tact.  P.  Z,  8,  1877,  p.  326 ;  id,  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  289  j  Salv,  et 
Godm,  Ibis,  1879,  p.  201  j  Berl.  J.  f.  O.  1884,  p.  303 ;  Salv.  Ibis, 
1885,  p.  296  (Br.  Guiana)  ;  Tacz,  et  Berl,  P.  Z,  S.  1885,  pp.  91, 
114  J  Bidgu).  Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  332. 

**  Megarhynchus  regius,  Thunh.^^  Hein,  Joum.  f.  Om,  1869,  p.  342. 

Above  greyish,  densely  covered  with  black  shaft-spots ;  head  with 
a  concealed  crest  of  bright  yellow ;  lores  and  eye-region  black ; 
wings  blackish,  primaries  slightly  margined  with  rufous;  wing- 
coverts  and  secondaries  edged  with  whitish ;  tail  blackish,  with 
more  or  less  broad  margins  both  on  the  inner  and  outer  webs  of 
bright  ferruginous :  beneath  whitish,  slightly  tinged  with  yellowish 
on  the  breast,  flanks,  and  under  wing-coverts,  and  varied,  especially 
on  the  breast,  upper  belly,  and  flanks,  by  numerous  long  blackish 
shaft-spots ;  bill  dark  brown,  pale  at  the  base ;  feet  blackish : 
whole  length  7*5  inches,  wing  4,  tail  3-2. 

Hab,  Venezuela,  Guiana,  Cayenne,  and  Amazonia. 

Generally  similar  to  M.  nobilis,  but  darker  above,  with  broader 
shaft-stripes  below,  and  with  more  black  on  each  side  of  the  shafts 
in  the  tail-feathers.  But  the  amount  of  rufous  on  the  tail-feathers 
is  by  no  means  a  constant  character. 

a.  $  ad.  sk.         Pilar,  Venezuela  (rrocWwy).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

6.  Ad.  sk.  Trinidad.  Selater  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Tobago  (Kirk),  Selater  Coll. 

d.  $  ad.  sk.         Bartica    Grove,    Brit.     Guiana    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(  Whitely). 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Cayenne  (Jelski).  Sahin-Godman  Coll. 
/.  Ad.  sk.              Cayenne.  Selater  Coll. 

ff.  Ad.  sk.  Barra  do  Rio  Negro  (Natterer).     Selater  Coll. 

A.  cJ  jr«  sk.  Yquitos,     Upper     Amazons        Salvin-Godman  Coll.' 

(  Whitely). 


4.  Myiodynastes  solitarius. 

Chorreado  todo,  Azar.  Apunt.  ii.  p.  145. 

Tyrannus  solitaiius,  VietU.  Nouv.  Diet,  xxy,  p.  88 ;  w^.  Enc,  M4th, 

p.  853. 
Tyrannus  audax.  Max,  Beiir,  iii.  p.  889  j  d'Orb,  Voy.,  Ois,  p.  305. 
Scaphorhynchus  audax,  Tsch.  Faun,  Per.,  Aves,  p.  149  j  Hartl,  Ind, 

Azar.  p.  13 ;  Bunn,  Syst,  Ueb.  ii.  p.  459. 
Myiodynastes  soHtarius,  Sol.  P,  Z,  S,  1859,  p.  43 ;  u/.  Cat,  A.  B, 


p.  ^3;  Cab.  et  Hein,  Mus,  Hein,  ii.  p.  74;  Pelz.  Om.  Bras. 


looy,  p.  4 
.  ii.  p.  y4; 


p.  112;  5c/. efSo/w.P.Z. 5.1867, pp. 761, 076,18:3,0.280. et  1879, 
p.  015;  iid.  Xamencl.  p.  50;  Serl.  J./.  0.  1873,  p.  201;  Taa. 
P.Z.  5. 1874,  p.  .537,etl882,  p.  20;  M.  Om.i¥r.u.p^288i  flwn- 
/o»v/, /ftM,  1877,  p.  178,  et  1876,  p.  60  (rep.  .Vw.);  WhiU,P.Z.S. 
1882,  p.  607  (rep.  Arg.) ;  Samm,  littU.  A'aft.  Orn,  C7.  viii  ji,  201 
(Entrerios) ;  Bfrl.  Zeitschr.  yei.  Orn.  li^86,  p.  136  (Rio  Qnaia 
do  Sul)  J  Scl  rt.  End*.  Arg.  Orn.  i.  p.  150. 

Above  grey,  tbietlj"  covered  by  numerous  black  sbaft-apots ; 
concoaled  vertical  crest  yellow ;  lores  iinJ  Bides  of  the  head  black, 
SBpereiliorieB  white  :  wings  blackisb,  primariea  aligbtly  edged  with 
rufous,  coverts  and  secondaries  mnrgined  eateroally  with  greyish 
white  ;  tail  blackish,  with  naiTOw  external  mai^ns  of  fermginoiis : 
beneath  greyish  white,  with  numerous  black  striations ;  belly  and 
under  wing-coverts  tinged  with  yellowish  and  but  slightly  striated ; 
bill  dark  brown,  pale  at  the  base  ;  feet  blaokish  :  whole  leuglh  7-5 
inches,  wing  4'4,  tail  3'4. 

Huh.  S.E.  Braril,  Paraguay,  Buenos  Ayrea,  and  occasionally  S. 
Brazil  and  British  Guiana. 

Typical  specimeas  of  this  form  may  easily  be  separated  from 
M.  auda.r  by  their  darker  colour,  more  densely  striated  plumnRU, 
both  above  and  below,  itnd  by  the  nearly  entirely  black  tail,  wth 
only  the  narrow  outer  margins  fermgiuous  ;  but  intermedial*.'  forma 
occur  which  it  is  nlmost  impossible  to  arrange  satisfactorily  under 
either  head :  for  example,  one  skin  from  Guiana  and  others  from 
Upper  Amaxoniu  seem  to  belong  lo  tbie  form  ;  others  from  the  same 
localities  are  referable  to  M.  audax.  It  would  perhaps  be  betti-r  to 
consider  all  the  four  representatives  of  this  group  as  only  subspecies 
of  M.  audax. 


a.  Ad.  flk. 
6.  Ad.  sk, 
c.  Ad.  sk. 

il.  Ad,  ek. 

h.  Ad.  ab.  * 


J.  (J  ad.  sk. 
k.  2  ad.  sk. 
/.  a  ad.  sk. 


Eastern  Peru. 

Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (SuciUey). 

BartVa  Grove,  Biitisli  Guiana 

Piirn.  Lower  Amaxons  ( Wallare). 
Bubia,  Briuil  (  Wufhrri-r). 
Novo  Fribourgo,  Kio  dii  Janeiro 

Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil. 

Curytiba,  Braai!  {Xatterrr). 
Sae'Paolo.  Brawl  (Jmjner). 
Pt'Iotfts,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul, 
Unuil  (Juj/itfr). 

Piinl«  Lara,  Buenos  .\yri!a. 


ticlaterOoll. 
Stthin-Godmiin  Coll. 
Salviu-Godiuan  Oc.U. 

Rnlvio-floduianColl. 
Salvin-Goflnian  Coll. 
SBtna-Oodniiiu  Cull. 

R,   H.    Wood,  Esq. 

[P.]. 
Snlvin-Oudniiui  Ooll. 
Salvin-Godman  Ooll. 
SiUviri-QodoMii  Coll. 

Scinter  Coll. 

H.  Dumford  [C], 


5.  Uyiodynastea  bairdi. 

Saurophagus  bturdi,  Gamhel,  Joaiti.  Ac.  Phil.  ii.  s.  i.  p.  40  (1847), 
Tyrnnaua  ntiifrons,  Sd.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  274. 

Myiodyiinstes  atrifrons,  Set.  P.  Z.  S.   IBoEt,   p,   4;t ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B. 
p,223;  Sel.tt  Sato.  Xommel.  p.  60;  Sati:  Ibit.  1874,  p.  324; 


60.  xnoDnrAKm.  187 


TWoL  F.Z.8.  1877 
iLikSOl:  Taoic 


L877.  pp.  826. 758,  et  1880,  p.  208 ;  id.Om.  Fir. 

.  H  JM  P.  Z  iSL  1886^  p.  122. 

^  Sub.  Ibu,  1874,  p.  824 ;  J^r^  §1  Taea.  F.Z.8. 


AbofO  oinflfeoiu  brown ;  head  witii  a  bright  lemon-yellow  yertieal 
;  front  and  lores  blad:;  ndee  of  head  behind  the  eyes  blackiflh ; 
wingi  Mackiah ;  outer  webs  of  primaries  and  inner  secondaries  bright 
mfaaa,  fivnning  a  large  rufous  patch ;  lessor  wing-eoverts  and  enter 
■eoooAuies  maigined  witib  bufl^  white ;  ramp  and  upper  tail-coverts 
1nj|^  fenraginoas;  tail  bright  mfons,  lateral  fcadiers  with  the 
sbiSli  and  an  elongated  spot  increasing  in  breadth  towards  the 
^psK  Uaeldah;  two  middle  tail-feathers  blackish,  margined  with 
piile  zofiniB ;  beneath  pale  snlphnr-yellow ;  throat  greyish  white ; 
under  wing-corerts  yellow  like  the  belly ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole 
kngOi  8  inches,  wing  4*6,  tail  3-8. 

HiA.  Western  Ecuador  and  Peru. 

«.  Ad.  sk.        Tumbez,  Peru  (JeUki).  Sclater  Coll. 

A.  (f  ad.  sL      San  Pearo,  Peru  (Orton),  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

e.  Ad.  sk.        GnayaquiL  Sclater  Coll.    (Type 

of  M.  atrifraru,) 
d.  Ad.  sk.        Guayaquil.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

«.  Ad.  sk.         Ghiayaquil.  G.  Barclay  [P.]. 

/.  Addi:.        Guayaquil.  Capt.Kellett&  Lieut. 

Wood  [P.]. 
^f  k.  Ad.  sk.    Balzar  Mts.,  Ecuador  (lilingworth).    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
t.  Ad.  St         Guayaquil.  G.  Barclay  [P.]. 


6.  Myiodynastes  chrysocephalns. 

Scaphorhynchus  chrysocephalus,  Fsch,  Wiegrn.  Arch,  1844,  pt.  i.  p.  12 ; 
id.  Ftntn.  Per.,  Aves,  p.  150,  pi.  8.  f.  1 ;  Lafr.  lUv.  Zod,  1848,  p.  6. 

FStangus  chrysocephaluB,  Sd,  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  150  (Bogota). 

Myiodynastes  chnrsocephalus,  Sol.  P.  Z,  S.  ]859,  pp.  43,  143,  et  1860, 
pp.  «3, 92 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  223 ;  Cah.  J.  f.  ().  18C1,  p.  246 ;  Sd. 
et  Saiv.  P.  Z,  S.  1870,  p.  781, 1875,  p.  23^,  1870,  p.  16,  et  1879, 
p.  614;  iid.  Nomend.  p.  60;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  5i^,  et  1882, 
p.  21 ;   id.  Om.  PSr.  ii.  p.  293 ;    Berl,  et  Tacz.  P  Z.  S.  1884, 

p.  29a 

MeaarhynchuB  chrysoce])halus,  Htin.  Joum,  f.  Om,  1859,  p.  345 ; 

Oab.  et  Hem.  Mtu.  Hein.  ii.  p.  05. 
Myiodynastes  chiysocephalus  minor,  Tacz.  et  Berl.  P.  Z.  S.  1885, 

p.  91. 

Above  cinereous ;  back  tinged  with  olive ;  head  blackish,  with  a 
large  vertical  crest  of  bright  yellow ;  lores  and  sides  of  head  black  ; 
di^it  superciliaries  and  line  below  the  eye  white ;  wings  and  tail 
blackish  brown,  slightly  edged  with  rufous :  beneatli,  throat  white ; 
abdomen  pale  yellow,  dighuy  striated  with  cinereous ;  under  wing- 
ooverts  pale  ydlow ;  inner  margins  of  wing-  and  tail-feathers  pale 
mfous ;  bill  black,  base  of  the  lower  mandible  whitish ;  feet 
blackish;   whole  length  7*5  inches,  wing  4*1,  tail  3*3.     Fenuile 


18S 


V  creet  absent  or  loss  devo- 


Bimilar,  but  duller  in  colour,  and  yellow 

Hah.  Ecuador,  Colombia,  Veneiuela,  and  Peru. 

This  is  a  smaller  bird  than  M,  bairiii  and  has  a  broader  bill.  It 
is  ^ther  distingoisbabio  by  the  absence  of  the  conapicuoas  red 
rump  aud  of  the  rod  palch  oa  the  winga. 

a,  b.  AU.  pk.     I'allatan^,  Ecundor  (Fraier).  Sclaler  ColL 

c.  Ad.  ak.         Pallfttanga,  Ecuftdor  (Fraacr).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Sicftl,  Ecwnitor  (Buckie!/).  Salvin-GodniBii  Coll. 

Ecuador  {B-ucUey).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Concordia,  .\jitioquia,  U.  S.  C,  {Sal-  Salrin-Oodman  Coll. 


d,e.  Ad.ak, 
/  .\d.8k. 
g.  d  ad.  ak. 

h.  Ad.  sk. 
f.  Ad.  ak. 
/  Ad.  8k. 
ft.  Ad.8k. 
t.  Ad.  Bk. 
m.  (f  od.  «k. 
».  Ad.  at 


Concowiis,  U.  S.  C.  (Sa^viun). 


Bogota. 

Caracas,  Venezuela. 

San  Crigtohal,  Venezuela  ( Qotri'og). 

Venezuela. 


ScLiter  Coll. 

Purcheaed. 

SalTiu-l 

Sclaler  Coll. 

D.  I)y*on  rC], 

Snlvio-GodiDAn  C-oll. 

D.  Dyson  [C,]. 


7.  Uyiodyimfitea  hemichryBUB. 
Hypermitres  chrj'flocepbalua,  Coh.  J.f.  0. 1801,  p.  2J6. 
Ilypennitnw  hemichryaiu,  Cab.  J.f.  O.  1861,  p.  347. 
MyiodynaaMs  bemicuyaus,  Lmrr.  Ami.  L.  N.  Y.  ix.  p.  114  (Conta 

Rica)  (  &l  et  Salt'.  iVomcnc/.  p.  50. 
Mviodynastes  euperciliaria,  Lawr.  Ana.  L.  N.  T.  viii.  p.  470  (Costa 

■Rio.). 

Above  dark  olive-brown  ;  head  blackish,  with  s  concealed  yellow 
vortical  crest ;  lores  and  eye-region  black ;  superciliary  stripe  and 
line  below  the  eye  white  ;  winga  and  tail  blackish,  slightly  margined 
with  rufous  :  beneath  bright  solphnr-yellow,  whiter  on  the  throat. 
and  slightly  varied  with  olive  on  the  sides  of  the  breast  and  flanks  ; 
under  wing-ooverto  pale  yellow  ;  inner  margins  of  wing-  and  tail- 
feathers  pde  rufous;  bill  black,  polo  at  the  base  of  the  lower  man- 
dible ;  feet  dark  brown  :  whole  length  7-6  inches,  wing  3'9,  tail  '6'4. 
FemaU  similar,  but  yellow  on  the  crest  less  developed  or  wanting. 

Ilab.  Veragua  and  Costa  Rica. 

This  is  the  northern  form  of  the  preceding  species,  apparently 
always  distinguishable  by  the  clearer  olive  of  the  body  above  and 
the  bright  yellow  of  the  belly. 

a.  (J  nd.;  4.  C*lovevnni,  Veragua  (Arei).  Salvin-Godmao  CoU. 
Ad.  sk. 

c.  S  ad.  ak.  Cftlobre,  Veragua  (Arcf).  Sahin-Oodraiin  Coll. 

d.  Ail.  sk.  Versguft  (Aref).  Sclator  Coll. 


61.  laeeABHTHOHUB.  189 


Subfamily  IV.  TYRANNIN^. 

The  TyrannincBf  or  typical  Tyrants,  with  which  I  conolude  the 
fleries  of  TyrannidcB,  embrace  most  of  the  strongest  and  largest 
members  of  the  family.  The  bill  is  generally  much  more  depressed 
than  in  the  preceding  subfamily,  and  the  gape  armed  with  bristles. 
The  wings  are  more  or  less  lengthened  and  formed  for  active  flight.  « 
The  tarsi  are  mostly  long  and  robust,  though  this  feature  varies 
much  in  the  different  genera. 

The  Tt^annincej  as  here  arranged  (though,  as  already  stated,  the 
whole  systematic  order  of  the  present  family  must  be  taken  as  purely 
provisional),  are  distributed  all  over  the  Nearctic  and  Neotropical 
Begions.  Nearly  all  the  well-knowo  North-American  genera  of 
Tyrannidce  (such  as  Empidonax,  Contopus,  MyiavcJius,  and  Tyran- 
nus)  belong  to  this  section  ;  while  others  {Muscivora^  Hirundinea, 
Cnipodectes)  are  purely  Neotropical.  Blacicus  and  Lawrencia  are 
Antillean  types  of  this  subfamily. 

Index  to  the  Genera. 

61.  Megabhynchus,  p.  189.  70.  LAwnExciA,  p.  2'^, 

62.  MuscrvoBA,  p.  191.  71.  Contoits,  p.  2;M. 

63.  HiRUNDiNEA,  p.  105.  72.  lh.ACirus,  p.  241. 

64.  Cnipodectes,  p.  197.  78.  Myiochanks,  p.  245. 
66.  Myiobius,  p.  198.  74.  Myiahcuus,  p.  24(5. 

66.  Pyhocephalus,  p.  211.  75.  Kmpidias,  p.  204. 

67.  Empidochanes,  p.  210.  70.  Empidonomus,  p.  205. 

68.   MiTBEPHANES,  p.  218.  77.   TVKANNUS,  p.  207. 

69.  Empidonax,  p.  221.  78.  Milvulus,  p.  207. 


61.  MEGABHYNCHUS. 

Type. 
Platyrhynchus,  Temm.  Tab/.  MM.  p.  23  (1822) M.  pitangua. 

Mejnirhynchus,  Thunh.  Disq.  de  yenere  Meyurhyncho  * 

(1824) M.  pitangua. 

Scaphorhynchus,  Max,  Beiir.  iii.  P-  982  (18:U)     M.  pitangua. 

Megastoma,  Sio.  Class,  B.  ii.  p.  225  (1837)   M.  pitangua. 

The  large  and  much-flattened  bill  renders  this  genus  easily 
recognizable.  The  form,  under  various  slight  geographical  varia- 
tions, extends  from  Mexico  to  Paraguay. 

1.  Megarhynchns  pitangua. 

Tyrannus  hrasiliensis,  Brtsn.  Om.  ii.  p.  402. 

iJanius  pitangua,  Linn.  S.  N.i.  p.  136. 

Tyrannus  pitangua,  Sw.  Quart.  Joum.  Sc.  xx.  p.  570. 


*  Vide  Heine,  J.  f.  0. 1869,  p.  337. 


Trmnuus  cumivonis,  Vidll.  Bac.  MiOi.  p,  847. 

Iiluacicana  pittuiguo,  Lkht.  SoiiM.  p.  5o. 

Scaphortynehiig  euipburntus,  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  983. 

Megastomii  fluvicej^,  M.  ruticeps,  et  M.  atrioepB,  Sib.  An.  in  Menag. 
p285. 

Scaphorhynohua  pitftnpia,  Kaup,  P.  Z.  8.  1851,  p,  44 ;  Lafi:  Jtev. 
Zool.  1861,  p.  474 ;  Burm.  Si/tl.  Uth.  ii.  p.  458. 

Megwhjnchua  pitangua,  Hein.  J./.  O.  1850,  p.  345  ;  Cab.  et  n«n. 
Mm.  HtiH.  ii,  p,  64;  Hct.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.234;  Taotor,  Ihia,  1864, 
p,  86 ;  Peh.  Om.  Bra*,  p.  112 ;  Scl.  if.  SoIp.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  578, 
etl868,p.l68;  iVrf.  JVonienct  p.  50 ;  Fuuc/i,  P.  Z.  S.  1870,v.  571; 
Cdh.  J./.  O.  1874,  p.  88  ;  Bouc.  P.  7..  S.  1878,  p.  63 ;  Salv.  et 
Godm.  Ihia,  1879, p.  201,ell880,p,  120 ;  Sidgm.  P.  U.  S.  X.  M. 


Om.  Nr.  i 
Lafr.  it».  Zool.  1851,  p.  473 ;  Scl.  IbU, 


pp.  304,  fiOO,  vi.  pp.  374,  . 

iW<,  1886,  p.  386. 
ijcaphorhynchuB  mexicA 

1859,  p.  120. 
Meirerhynchus  niexicanus.  Hem.  J.f.  O.  1859,  p.  346 ;  CiA.et  Han. 

M,u.Hfm.   H.  p.  04;  Cab.  J.f.  0.  18(51,  p.  240;  Sel.  Cat.  A.  B. 

p.  224  ;  Sel.<<tSalP.  P.  Z.  S.  1804,  p,  360,  et  1870,  p.  837  i  later. 

Ann.  L.  If.   Y.  viii.  p.  182,  is.   p.  201 ;  Frantz.  J.  /.  O.  1869, 

p.  308;  NehrkoTH.  J.f.  0.  1881,  p.  67. 
Megarhjnchus  cbtjsocephalus,  Heinr,  J.  f.  O.  1B69,  p.  345  (nee 

Tichudi). 
MetrarliTnchus  oUrysogaator,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1800.  pp.  281,  305;  «W. 

Cat.  A.  B.  p.  224. 
Megarhytichua  pitangua  chryBogaater,  B^-l.  et  Tact.  P.  Z.  S.  1883, 

p.  667,  et  1885,  pp.  01, 123. 

Above  brown  ;  head  black  ;  broad  suporciliaries,  joined  by  a  line 
round  the  nape,  white  ;  concealed  vertital  crest  orange  or  yellow  ; 
wings  and  tail  blackish  brown,  with  slight  rufoiiH  or  whitish  edgings 
more  or  lesa  apparent :  beneath  brightsnlphur-yellow';  throat  white; 
under  wiug-coverts  sulphur-yellow ;  inner  margins  of  wing-  and 
tail-feathers  pale  rufous ;  hill  and  feet  black ;  whole  length  B'5 
inches,  wing  4'6,  tail  3-^.  FemiiU  similar,  but  concealed  crest< 
yellow  or  wanting. 

Hah.  Sonthern  Meidco,  and  Central  and  South  America  down  to 
Paragaay. 

After  examining  a  large  senes  of  dpccimons  of  this  species,  I  haro 
come  to  the  conclusion  that  Ihcy  may  ho  all  safelynnited  under  one 
name.  It  is  quite  true  that  in  Mexican  specimens,  us  pointed  out 
by  Lafresnaye,  the  bill  is  rather  longer  and  not  bo  widened  and  the 
size  ifl  smaller;  but  Bpeoimens  from  intermediate  localities  show  an 
intermediate  stmcture,  and  it  is  not  possible  to  draw  a  satisfactory 
line  of  demarcation  between  the  two  forms.  Nor  do  I  now  thinlt 
it  advisable  to  keep  the  form  of  IVestem  Ecuador,  which  I  formerly 
called  M.  eJiri/soffaster,  apart. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Orizaba,  Mexico  {Botteri).  Sclalcr  Coll. 

6.  i5  ad.  ak.  Presidio,  Mexico  (Forra-).  Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Mexico.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Northern  Yucatan  (Oaumer).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e,/.  Ad.  sk.  Choctum,  Vera  Psb  {SiUvin).  Salvia-Oodmaa  Coll. 


62.  HUSOIYOBA.  19i 

g.  Ad.  fik.  Choctum;  Vera  Paz  (SalxnC)»  Sclater  Coll. 

A.  Ad.  ak.  Choctiim  {Sailmn).  Tweeddale  Coll. 

tL  Ad.  ak.  BarraDco-Hondo,    Guatemala  Sclater  Coll. 

(Salvifa). 

k,L  c^  $  ad.        Volcan  de  A^^,  above  San  SalTin-Godman  Coll. 

sk.  Diego  (Salrtn), 

m.  Ad.  fik.  Sarana  Grande  (Salvin).  Tweeddale  Coll. 

M.  Jr.  ak.  Volcan  de  Fuego,  Guatemala  SaWin-Godman  Coll. 

{Salmn\ 

o.  Ad.  ak.  Guatemala.  Sclater  Coll. 

p.  Ad.  sk.  San  Pedro,  Honduras  (  Whitely),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

q.  Ad.  sk.  Chontales,  Nicaragua  (Belt).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

r.  $ad.;  «.  Ad.    San  Jos^,  Costa  Rica  {Carmiot).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

ak. 

f.  Ad.  ak.  Irazu     district,    Costa     Rica  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

{Rogers), 

u.  (J  ad.  ak.         Calovevora,  Veragua  (ArcS).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

V.  Ad.  ak.  Chiriqui  (Arc6),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

w.  Ad.  ak.  Paraiso,  Panama  (Hughes).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

X,  (J  ad.  sk.  Panama  (McLeamian).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

y.  Ad.  sk.  Panama  \McLeaiinan).  Sclater  Coll. 

2.  $  ad.  sk.  Santa  Marta,  U.  S.  C.  (Simons).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

a*.  Ad.  sk.  Atanques,  Santa  Marta,  U.  S.  C.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Simons). 

v.  S  ad.  sk.         Venezuela  (Ooering).  Sclater  Coll. 

dj  d^,  c?  $  ad.     Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana  (  Whitely).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

sk. 

if,  $  ad.  sk.         Rnraima,  Brit.  Guiana  (  Whitely).  Sclater  Coll. 

f,  S  ad.  sk.  Yquito9,Up.Amazons(  H7i?Yffy).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

g".  Ad.  sk.  Santa  Rita,  Ecuador  (Buclley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

h',  c?  ad.  sk.         Babahoyo,  Ecuador  (Fraser).  Sclater  Coll.     (Type 

of  M.  chrysogaster.) 

t*.  c?  ad.  sk.  Esmeraldas,  Ecuador  (Fraser).  Sclater  Coll. 

kf.  Ad.  sk.  Quito.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

/'.  (S  ad.  sk.  Island  of  Mexiana,  Lower  Ama-  Sulviu-Godman  Coll. 

zons  (Widlace). 

m'f  n'.  Ad.  sk.      Baliia,  Brazil  (  Wuvherer).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

o\  Ad.  sk.  Rio  Claro,Goyaz, Brazil  (t7<>//??^r).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

p'y  ff.  Ad.  sk.       Novo  Fribourgo,  Rio  de  Janeiro  Salviu-Godman  Coll. 

(Yoiids). 

r'.  Ad.  sk.  Rio,  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

s\  (S  ad.  sk.  Sao  Paolo,  Brazil  (Joynei-).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

t.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

62.  MUSCIVORA. 

T>'pe. 

Muscivora,  Ctiv.  Tahl.  Gen.  d.  Class.  (TAn.  (1800)     M.  regia. 

Onychorhynchus,  Fischer,  Zoognosia^  p.  81  (1814)    M.  regia. 

Muscipeta,  Cuv.  H^gn.  An.  i.  p.  344  (1817)   M.  regia. 

Todus,  Bonn.  Enc.  MM.  i.  p.  2m  (1823)   M.  regia. 

Megalophus,  Sio.  Class.  B.  ii.  p.  267  (1837)    M.  regia. 

The  highly  developed  and  brilliantly  coloured  crest  at  once  dis- 
tinguishes Muscivora  from  all  its  allies.  It  is  also  remarkable  for 
its  elongated  and  much  flattened  beak  and  rather  feeble  feet. 

Four  speciea  of  the  genus  range  through  tropical  America  from 
Southern  Mexico  to  S.E.  Brazil. 


f 


Key  to  the  Speeits. 
A.  Bill  brondened  at  the  base  and  doc  so  lon^. 

I  lireaat  transveraelv  strinMd   1.  rtyia,  p.  102. 

1  Hreaet  not  striBted 2.  mcaiiuom.  p.  102. 

H.  Bill  raucb  elongated  imdiiUToweT  at  the  base. 

I  Back  dark,  oliTaoeoufl     3.  meriaina,  p.  193. 

t  Buck  lighter,  rufous   4.  occideTtlalu,  p.  194. 

1.  Uoscivora  re^ 
Tjran  hiip^  de  Cajenne,  Dniih.  PL  Enl.  289. 
Todus  regius,  Om.  S.  N.  i.  p.  445, 
PlatyihjncliiM  regius,  Viem.  Etic.  Mith.  p.  B43, 
Meg^(llophus  regius,  Bp.  Oorup.  i,  p.  183. 
Muscivora  regia,  Grai/,  Lift  Gen.  J?.' p.  42  (1841) ;  Pekfin,  Site.  AJtad. 

Wist.  ITim,  xxxi.  p.  32Clj  id.  Orn.  Bra*,  p.  112  (Rio  Braacho); 

Oab.  el  San.  Mia.  Ban.  ii.  p.  05 ;  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1869,  f.45;id.  Cat. 

A.  B.  p.  224 :  Sel.  et  Salr.  Nomencl.  p.  60 ;  Lmfard,  Ibi»,  1873, 

p.  383  (I'am)  -.  Snk.  Ifd*,  1886,  p.  297  (Brit.  Qmana). 
OnychorliyDchuB  castelttaudi.  Dee.  R.  Z.  1849,  p.  6tl. 
Megalopbus  costelnaudi,  De»  Murt,  Zool.  Voy.  Caiteln.  et  DevUh,  Ois, 

p.  55, 
Muscivora  caat«ln»udi,  ScI.etSalv.  P.Z.  S.  18(37, p.  081  {Xmazonm), 

et  1873,  p.   280  (E.  Peru) ;  Ud.  Nomencl.  p.  50 ;  Taa.  Om.  Pfr. 

ii.  p.  296. 

Above  dark  olivaceous  brown :  elongated  and  expanded  vcrtioal 
crest  Hourlet,  tipped  with  shining  purple ;  winga  dark  cinereous ; 
tips  of  wing-coverts  and  outer  secondaries  with  slight  edgings  of 
light  brown  ;  band  across  the  ramp  light  buff ;  tail  dark  fermginouB 
brown,  lighter  at  the  boae :  beneath  pale  ocbraceons  ;  throat  lighter; 
breast  and  flanks  more  or  less  trans versely  barred  with  ashy  brown ; 
under  wing-coverta  pole  DGlirac«oua ;  bill  dark  brown,  pale  ut  the 
base  of  the  lower  mandible  ;  fcot  pole  yellowish  brown ;  whole 
length  5'6  iocbos,  wiog  3'1,  tail  2"1.  FemaU  similnr,  but  crest 
smaller  and  yellowish. 

Bah.  Guiana,  Cayenne,  and  Ama:<onia. 


a,  i.  ^  nd.  ek. 

Camacusa  .British  Guiana 

{n-kitrlff). 
Oyapoc,  Cayenne. 

.Sahin-Uodman  Coll. 

c.  Ad,  sk. 

Sttlvin-Godtnan  CoIL 

d.  d  ad-  ak. 

Cayenne , 

J.  Gould,  Esq. 

C-,  (f  ad.  fik. 

Caveune. 

Purchased. 

/.  J  ad.  sk. 

rt-taa,  Peru  (Hmu-weH). 

ScUter  CoU. 

g.  iS  ad,  9k. 

E.  Bartlelt  [C.\ 
Tweeddale  Coll. 

A.  Ad.  sk. 

Pam  (Loyard). 

'2.  UnsciTOra  Bwaiiuoni. 

Miisctpeta  regia,  Afar.  Bfili:  iii,  p.  044 ;  dOrb.  Voy.,  Oil.  p,  317. 

Megalopbus  regius,  Sw.  Nat.  Lihr,,  Fli/eaich.  p.  145,  pi,  15;  id.  Orn, 
Dr.  pis.  51,62  ;  Barm.  Si/il.  l/d>.  ii.  p.  504. 

Muscivorn  regia,  Burm.  Joum./.  Om.  I66.'l,  p.  165. 

MuscivorRBwainsouii,  ft/se*t,«(j.  jlAflrf,  Wui.  irien,xxiL  p.  326; 
Cab.  et  Scin.  Mm.  Hein.  ii  p.  05;  ^  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  224;  SeL  et 
Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  615  (Bolivia) ;  iiA  Nomencl.  p.  GO. 


62.    MUSCIYOBA.  193 

AboTe  brown;  large  and  expanded  crest  on  the  head  scarlet, 
tipped  with  brilliant  purple ;  wings  blackish ;  wing-coverts  and 
seoondarieB  edged  with  brown  ;  ramp  and  tail-feathers  bright 
ochraoeons,  with  a  more  or  less  weU-defined  blackish  band  at  the  end 
of  the  tail-feathers :  beneath  UDiform  pale  ochraceous,  under  wiug- 
ooTerts  similar ;  bill — ^upper  mandible  pale  brown,  lower  whitish ; 
feet  pale  yellowish  brown  :  whole  length  6  inches,  wing  3*3,  tail  2*7. 
Female  similar,  but  crest  smaller  and  more  yellowish. 

Eah.  S.E.  BrazU. 

In  this  species  the  bill  is  short  as  in  M,  regiay  but  is  different  in 
form,  the  edges  sloping  straight  towards  the  apex  and  not  being 
swollen  out  at  the  base  as  in  M,  regia.  Besides  this  the  bird  is 
larger  in  size,  its  back  is  lighter  in  colour,  and  there  are  no  traces 
of  transverse  markings  on  the  breast  in  adult  specimens. 

o.  c^  ad.  St.  South  America.  Purchased. 

ft,c.  d  $  ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Cyf,  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 


3.  Mnscivora  mezicana. 

Muscivora  mexicana,  Sclater^  P.  Z.  *y.  l^oO,  p.  295,  1858,  p.  801,  et 
1869,  pp.  45,  50 ;  id.  Ibis,  1859,  p.  448  ;  id.  Cat.  A.B.p.  225 ;  ScL 
et  Salv,  Ibisy  1859,  p.  124  ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1804,  p.  :M\0  (Panama),  et 
1867,  p.  148  (Veragua)  ;  iid.  Nomencl.  p.  50;  Later.  Ann.  Lye. 
N.  Y.  vii.  pp.  296,  329  (Panama),  ix.  p.  114  (Costa  Rica)  et 
p.  201  (Yucatan);  Frantz.  J.  f.  O.  18i;i>,  p.  808  (Costa  Rica); 
Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  198  ( Veragua) ;  h'ouc.  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  03 
(Costa  Rica),  et  1883,  p.  448  (Yucatan)  ;  Salv.  et  Godm.  I/tis, 
1879,  p.  202  (Colombia) ;  Pid(/w.  P.  U.  S.  N.  M.  v.  p.  390  (Costa 
Rica),  et  vi.  p.  402  (Nicara^a). 

Above  olive-brown  with  a  slight  cinereous  tint ;  large  expanded 
crest  scarlet  tipped  with  deep  purple  ;  wings  blackish  edged  with 
brown ;  wing-coverts  slightly  spotted  with  pale  fulvous  at  their 
tips ;  rump  light  fulvous  ;  tail  similar  but  rather  darker,  and  with 
the  ends  of  the  tail-feathers  more  or  less  blackish  :  beneath  pale 
fnlvons  ;  throat  whitish  ;  breast  and  flanks  more  or  less  darkened 
by  narrow  cross-bands ;  under  wing-coverts  and  inner  webs  of 
remiges  pale  fidvous  ;  bill  born-colour,  paler  at  the  base  of  the  lower 
mandible ;  feet  pale  brown  :  whole  length  0*2  inches,  ^\^ng  3'3, 
tail  2'7.     Female  similar,  but  with  the  crest  smaller  and  yellowish. 

Hah.  S.  Mexico  and  Central  America  down  to  Northern  Colombia. 

The  elongated  bill  at  once  distinguishes  this  species  from  the  two 
preceding. 

a,  5  ad.  St.  Central  America.  Purchased. 

hjC,  <5  $  ad.  sk.  British      Honduras     (Blanco-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

neatu't-). 

dy  e,  (S  ad.  sk.  Choctum,  Vera  Paz  (Salvin).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/.  2  ad.  sk.  Chisec,  Vera  Paz  (Salvin).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

^f.  $  ad.  sk.  Vera  Paz.  0.  Salvin,  Esq.  [C.]. 
VOL.  xrv.  0 


TT&AXmVX. 

El  PanuBo,nuatenin]n{5a^(>)R). 
(iiititemidii  (Saleiii), 
Mirabnyea,  Nicoya,  CoaU  Rica 

(Ard). 
BelKdero,  Nioujs,  Costa  Rica 

(Arcf). 
CaloveTOra,  Verngua  (Aj-ei). 
Calovevora,  Verngua  (Ard). 
Santa  F^  VeratfUH  (Arei). 
SnotB  F6,  Voraffua  (Ard). 
Soutbeni  slope,  Volcoa  da  Chi- 

riqui  (ArcS). 
llina    de    Cborcha,    Chiriqui 
(Ard). 
ad.  ak.  ParniBi)    Station,   Isthmus    of 

Pnn&ma  {Hughes). 
^  Z  nd..!^    Paniimn  (MeLfannan). 
[f  $  ad.  sk.    Paaama  {M^Leannan). 
cf  S  od.ak.     Manauro,SnntaMarta,l3.S.C. 


!.  $  od.  ak. 
b.  $  ad.8fc. 

:.  d  ad.  sk. 


1.  2  ad.  sk. 
i.  J  ad.  fik. 
I.  S  »d'  B^- 
'.  tf  od.  ak. 
',  a  ad.  ak, 

'.  2  ad.  ak. 


«), 


Salvin-Godman  ColL 

ScUter  Coll. 

Salvia -Oi)d  man  Cull. 

Salvin-Godmwi  Coll, 

Salvin-Godmun  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  CoU. 
Satvin-Oodmaa  OoU. 
Salvia-Qoduiaa  Cull. 

Salvin-Godmrui  CoU. 

Salviii'Oodman  Coll. 

Salvin-Oodman  CoU. 

Srlater  CoU, 

Salvia -Qodoiaj]  CoU. 


4.  UnadTora  occidentaliB.    (Plate  XV.) 

Muwivora  occidentaUB,  SrlaUr,  P.  Z.  S.  I860,  p.  282 ;  id.  Cat..  A.  B. 
p.  2SB ;  Scl.  el  Halv.  JVonienri.  p.  50 ;  Berl.  el  Taas.  P.  Z.  S.  Ift83, 

p.  557,  et  1885,  p.  121  ("Western  Ecuador). 

Above  dark  fulvous  brown  ;  large  expanded  crest  scarlet,  tipped 
with  bright  purple ;  wings  blaukipb  edged  with  fulvous ;  wing- 
oovorte  slightly  epotted  with  pale  fulvooB  at  the  tips ;  rump  bright 
fulvous ;  tail  uniform  pale  rufous :  below  pale  fulvous ;  throat 
whitish ;  under  wing-<!oyert8  and  margins  of  inner  webs  of  wing- 
feathers  pale  fulvous  ;  bill — upper  mandible  horn-colour,  lower  jalo 
yellowish:  feet  pale  brown:  whole  length  6-5  inches,  wing  4J'3, 
tail  2'7,     Femalt  similar,  but  rather  smaller  and  creat  jeltow. 

Ilah.  West«m  Ecuador. 

Tliia  is  perhaps  tho  most  distinct  of  the  four  spocies  of  Museivora, 
being  immediately  reeegniiiable  by  its  generally  pale  fulvous  colour- 
ing.    The  bill  is  not  quite  so  long  05  in  M.  mexicana. 

II,  b.  <;  9  ad,  sk.     lUbaboyo,  Ecuador  (Fraiier).  Sclater  Coll, 

t,  tJ  ad.  sk.  Hubahuyo  {Fragfr).  Gould  OolL 

d.  S  ad.ak.  BaJzar  Mt«.,  Ecuador  (lUhjg-  Snlvin-UodoiAU  Coll. 

worth), 

e,/.  (S  ad.  ik,         Prov.  Loxa,  Ecuador  [Sacklnj).  Halvin-Godmnn  Coll. 


1 


63.  HiRUKDnrBA.  195 

63.  HntUNDimSA.  rj^^ 

Hinmdinea,  d'Orb.  et  Loft-.  Syn.  Av,  i.  p.  46  (1887)  ....  H.  bell^sa. 
Phonentriay  Bekhenb.  Av.  Syat  Nat.  t.  Ixvii.  (18i50)*   . .  H.  bellicosa. 

This  not  nnappropriately  named  type  is  romarkable  for  its  long 
wings  and  short  tarsi.  It  embraces  three  distinct  species,  which 
oceapy  separate  geographical  areas  from  Colombia  to  N.  Argentina. 

Key  to  the  Species, 

A.  Rump  black  like  the  back. 

JTail  uniform  1.  fernujitieoy  p.  11)5. 

I  Tail  with  inner  webs  partly  red 2.  schteri,  p.  105. 

B.  Romp  ferruginous  red 3.  beUicosa,  p.  190. 

1.  Hinmdinea  fermginea. 

Todns  ferrugineus,  Om.  S,  JV.  i.  p.  440 ;  Lath.  Ind.  Orn.  i.  p.  207. 

Hirundinea  fermginea,  Pelz.  Orn.  Bras.  p.  113  (Rio  Negro) ;  id.  Ibis, 
1873,  p.  27  ;  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  150  (Bo«?ota) ;  id.  Ibis,  1869, 
p.  196,  pi.  V.  fig.  2,  et  1882,  p.  104  ;  Scl.  et  iStUv.  Noniencl.  p.  51 ; 
Sah.  Ibis,  1885,  p.  297  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Above  sooty  black ;  wings  and  tail  black ;  outer  webs  of  inner 
primaries  at  their  bases  ferruginous  red  :  beneath  dark  ferruginous 
red  ;  chin  whitish  ;  under  wing-coverts  and  broad  inner  margins  of 
wing-coverts  similar  but  rather  paler ;  biU  and  feet  black  :  whole 
length  6*5  inches,  wing  4*4,  tail  3*2.     Female  similar. 

Hah,  Guiana,  Cayenne,  and  Lower  Amazonia. 

fl,  A.  cJ  ?  ad.  sk.     Rorairaa,   British    Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

{JMdtely). 
e.  $  ad.  sk.  Twek-quav  Mt.,  Carimang   r.     Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(  Whitel'y). 
d.  (S  ad.  sk.  Rio  l^anna,  N.  Brazil   (Nat-    Sclater  Coll. 

terer). 

2.  Hinmdinea  sclateri. 

Hirundinea  bellicosa,    Scl.  Ibis,  1809,  p.  190,  t.  v.  fig.  2  ;    Tacz. 

P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  537. 
Myiarchus  ferrugineus.  Cab.  in  Tsch.  F.  P.,  Aves^  p.  154. 
Hirundinea  ferruginea,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  \So5f  p.  150  (liogota). 
Hirundinea  sclateri,  Reirih.  Fuglef.   Camp.   Bras.  p.   147  (1870); 

Sd.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  51  ;  Scl.  Ibis,  \t^^'2,  p.  104 ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S. 

1882,  p.  21  (N.E.  Peru) ;  id.  Orn.  Per.  ii.  p.  297. 

Above  sooty  black ;  wings  blackish,  with  a  large  ferruginous  red 
blotch  which  occupies  the  greater  part  of  the  inner  primaries  and 
adjoining  secondaries;  tail  blackish,  basal  two  thirds  of  all  the 
lateral  rectrices  ferruginous  red:  beneath  dark  ferruginous  red; 
chin  whitish  ;  under  wing-coverts  and  inner  webs  of  wing-feathers, 
except  at  their  tips,  similar,  but  rather  brighter ;  bill  and  feet  black : 
whole  length  6*5  inches,  wing  4*5,  tail  3'2.     Female  similar. 

*  Cf.  Gray,  Cat.  of  Gen.  (1865),  p.  51. 

02 


IM  TYRAMIIID*. 

Uab.  Colombia  and  Peru, 

Tlie  greater  ejct^nt  of  tho  red  on  the  wing,  and  tho  presence  of 
the  Bftme  colour  on  the  inner  webs  of  tho  lateral  rootrices  at  onco 
dietinguiah  tlus  speuoB  from  B.ferrwjinea. 

a.  Ad.  Bk.  Bogota.  Sclaf«r  CoU. 

6.  Ad.  Bk.  Bc^otft,  U.  S.  C.  PurcliBSod. 

3.  Himudinea  bellicosa. 

Suiiiri  roio  obsciiro,  Azaro,  Apanl.  ii.  p.  120. 

Tjrantius  bellicosiu,  Vu-Ul.  A7,ub.  Diet.  xxxv.  p.  "4 ;    id.  Em.  Mm. 

p.  840. 
H&andinea  beUicosa,  JOM,  Fny.,  Ois.  p.  314  (Bolivia)  ;  Hartl.  Ind. 

^.   p.  12;  Sd.  Ibii,  1869,  p.  1911,  et  1852,  p.  IW;  Sal.  «  Sale. 

Nomend.  p.  51  j    Reinhardl,  Fwjeif.  Camp.  Bra*,  p.  144 ;   Taci. 

I'. '/..  S.  1874,  p.  537  (C.  Peru) ;  JW/««.  IhU,  \m\,  p.  343  (N.E. 

Bnwil) ;  WMtt,  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  B07  (Ai?.  Ben.)  ■■,  Berl.  et  Jher. 

Xeittckr.get.  Om.  1886, p.  135  (Rio  Grande  do  Sill);  Set.  el  Had*. 

Arg.  Om,  i.  p.  151, 
Miucicapa  rupeetrii,  Mta.  Reitt,  i.  p.  346. 
PlatjrUynehua  rupestria,  Afoj,'.  Beitr,  m.  p.  B77. 
Hirundinea  rupeetris,  iV^li.  Om.  Brat.  p.  113,-  Set.  TAu,  18^9,  p.  108, 

pi.  V.  fig.  3  ;  fiW.  rf  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  fllS  (Bolivinl. 
Mu9ciT0»  fecTOginea,  Bum.  fiyst,  Fe6.  li.  p.  605;  Eater,  J,f,  O, 

1807,  p.  232  {neet). 
PhoDeiitria  ferruginee,  CiA.  et  Sein.  Mu».  liiji.  ii.  p.  06. 
Hirundinea  ferruginea,  fiW.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  225  (eicl.  svn.). 
Plalyrliynchus  hinmdinaceiie.  S/iiT,  At:  Brat.  ii.  p.  11,  t,  13,  &g,  1. 
Tyrauniw  pyirhupbicufl,  Vieill.  yoiio.  Diet,  xxxv.  ;   id.  Shc.  MMh, 

p.  847. 

Above  aooty  brown  ;  wings  hlackiah,  with  a  large  ferniginons 
red  blotch  occupying  the  greater  portion  of  the  inner  priraaiica  and 
BBOoadaries ;  rump  and  greater  part  of  the  tail-feathers  feiruginoua 
red,  apical  portion  of  tail -tea  thers  blackish :  benouth  ferriiginoiia 
red  ;  tUront  gre3-iah  ;  nnder  wing-ooverts  and  iuncr  webs  of  wing- 
tcftthers,  except  the  tips,  similar  to  bully,  hut  brighter :  bill  and  fiwt 
blaok  i  whole  length  7  inches,  wing  4-3,  tail  2-2.     Female  similar. 

Ilab.  8.E.  Brazil,  Paraguay,  Bolivia,  and  Argentina. 

Tho  rod  rump  at  once  distinguishes  this  species. 


a.  Ad.  sk. 

6,  c.  Ad.  ak. 

d.  tS  ad.  sk. 

e.  <f  ad.  sk. 
/,g.d2  "d.  sk. 

A,  I.  Ad.  sk, 
)'.  Ad.  (Jc. 
k.  Ad.  sk. 
^  m.  ¥  sd.  ak. 


Periiambuco,  Brazil  (Forbft). 
Bahia,  Brazil  (  H'ucArrer). 
Rio  Clam,  Qoja*,  Bn«i!  (Jf^- 


Sclster  Coll. 
Sulvin-Godman  Cnll. 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 


YpanemA,  Brazil  {IfiUlfrer).  Salvin-Oodmsn  Coll. 

Pelotjis.  Rio   Orimde   do   Sul,  Salvin-Qodiuan  Coll. 

Brazil  Ijot/ner). 

S.E,  BrazU.  Sclater  Coll. 

Brazil.  M.  Olsu^won  [P.]. 

CntamHTCa,  Arg.  Rep.  (  White),  Sclater  Coll. 

Fui^atff  de  .^ndalgnla,  CatamnrcH,  Salvln-Godinaii  Coll. 

Ant.  Hep.  (  WAite}. 

Tilotilo,  Prov.  Yuiiga*,  Bolivia  Salviu-CJodinan  Coll. 

{Backleif). 


64.   CVIFODEOTES.  197 

64.  CNIPOBECTES.  ^yp^ 

Cnipodectesy  8el.  et  Sah,  P.  Z,  S.  1873,  p.  281 C.  subbrumieue. 


Bill  and  foot  of  Cnipodectes. 

Of  the  correct  position  of  this  form  I  am  by  no  means  certain. 
The  hill  is  shorter  and  broader  than  in  Ilirundhiea^  and  the  wings 
are  short  and  rounded.     The  tarsi  are  rather  short. 

Cnipodectes  extends  from  Panama  to  Amazonia. 

Key  to  the  Species. 

A.  Laiger;  bill  broader 1.  suhhrunneus,  p.  197. 

B.  Smaller ;  bill  narrower    2.  ininor,  p.  197. 

1.  Cnipodectes  subhrxumeTis.    (Plate  XVI.) 

Cyclorhynchas  subbrunneus,  Scl  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  pp.  282,  205. 
Myiochanes  subbrunneus,  Scl.  Cat.  A.  li.  p.  232. 

Antioquia);  Berl, 


Above  olivaceous  br  wn  ;  wings  blackish,  margined  with  rufous  ; 
tail  nearly  uniform  brown,  but  centres  of  the  webs  darker :  beneath 
dnereons,  washed  with  brown  on  the  breast  and  flanks ;  middle  of 
belly  lighter,  whitish ;  under  wing-coverts  and  inner  margins  of 
wing-feathers  pale  fulvous;  bill — upper  mandible  black,  lower 
whitish ;  feet  pale  brown  :  whole  length  7  inches,  wing  3*4, 
tail  3-3. 

Hahn  Ecuador  and  Colombia. 

a.  Ad.  ak.  Babahoyo,  Ecuador  {Fraser).  Sclater  Coll.    (Type 

of  the  species.) 
h.  cJ  ad.  sk.        Esmeraldas,  Ecuador  (Fraser).         Sclater  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Balzar  Mt^.,  Ecuador  {IlUngworth).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

d,  cJ  ad. sk.        Remedies,  Antioquia,  U.S. C.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(iSla/mon). 

2.  Cnipodectes  minor. 

Cnipodectes  Bubbrunneus,  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  281. 
Cnipodectes  minor,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  664 ;  Tacz.  Om.  Fir.  ii. 
p.  294. 


19P  TTBASTUna. 


Similar  to  C  (ui&runn«u«,  bat  smaller,  and  bill  □ 
length  5'7  inches,  wing  2-8,  tail  2-5. 

Eah.  Peru,  Ecuador,  and  Panama. 

I  am  not  sore  that  this  form  is  properly  Reparable  from  t! 
ceding,  but  the  difference  in  size  is  considerable, 
a.  <f  ad.  ek.       Chamicuros,  E.  Peru  (Barlletl).      Sclater  Coll. 


Chamicuros,  E.  Peru, 
Chamicuros,  E.  Peru  (Sauxv>eU) 
Sta.  Rita,  Ecuador  (Buckia/). 
Panama  (SfcLcannan). 


of  Ihe  sped 
E.  Bfutlett  [( 
Gould  Coll. 
Salviu-Godnii 
Salvin-Godm; 


c  cf  ad.  sk. 

d.  Ad.  ek. 

e.  (J  ftd.; 

/.  Ad.  ak. 


65.  UTIOBIFS.  ^ 

TVrannula,  Sw.  Zool.  Joum.  iii.  p.  358  (1827)   M.  bftrt 

MyiobiuB,  Gray,  Lut  of  Gen.  ei.  i.  p.  80  (1840) M.  barb 

Platyrhynchus,  ^tix,  Av.  Bras.  ii.  p.  0  (1825) M.  barb 

Pyrrbomyiaa,    Ctafe.   et   Hem.  Miu.   Hein.   ii.  p.  66 

(1858) M.  Tieil 

Myiophobua,    Seieh^nb.   Om.    Suit.    Nat.    t.    Ixrii. 

(IgSO) M.  UKV 

This  is  an  extensiTe  genus  embracing  upwards  of  twenty 
of  small  size,  which  extend  nearly  all  over  the  Neotropical 
The  bill  is  rather  short  and  much  broadened  ;  the  gape 
armed  with  riotal  bristles  ;  the  wings  are  rather  long,  and  t 
short.  Nearly  ull  the  males  show  a  brightly  coloured,  hi 
cealed,  vertical  crest,  which  is  in  some  cases  abeent,  or  dif 
coloured  in  the  female. 


Ktn/  U)  the  Sptdet. 


65.   MTI0BIU8.  199 

/.  Tail  wholly  rufous. 

J  Throat  olive,  like  the  breast    ....  10.  phcenicurusj  p.  205. 
Throat  greyish 11.  aureiventris,  p.  205. 
mn  aboye ;  do  rump-band. 
ff.  Breast  not  striated,  olivaceous. 

a'.  Upper  surface  yellowish  olive  ....  12.  Jlavtcans,  p.  205. 
V,  UpP^  surface  greenish  olive. 

(Without  a  white  line  round  the 

<      eye  13.  phamicomitraj  p.  206. 

I  With  a  white  line  round  the  eye.  14.  mperciliosus,  p.  206. 
A.  Breast  not  striated,  fulvous. 

c*.  Bill  broader;  lower  surface  yellowish. 

i  Smaller 15.  pulcher,  p.  207. 

1  Larger 10.  bellus,  p.  207. 

<f .  Bill  narrower ;  lower  surface  ochra- 

ceous   17.  subochraceus,  p.  208. 

t.  Breast  more  or  less  striated. 

e\  Wing-bands  bright  rufous 18.  rorainue,  p.  208. 

f.  Wing-bands  ochraceous. 

a".  Breast  strongly  striated 19.  ruBviuSy  p.  209. 

6".  Breast  lightly  striated. 

1  Crest  red 20.  crypferythnis,  p.  210. 

I  Crest  yellow  21.  crypt oaajiihus,  p.  211. 

1.  Myiobins  barbatus. 

Le  Barbichon  de  Cayenne,  l)atih.  PI,  Enl.  830.  fig.  1. 
Muscicapa  fasciata,  Mull.  Naturs.  Suppl.  p.  172  (1770)? 
Muscicapa  barbata,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  p.  933  (1780) ;  Lath.  Ind.  Om,  i. 

p.  488. 
Myiobius  barbatus,  Cab.  ct  Ilein.  Mus.  Ilein.  ii.  p.  G7 ;  Scl.  P.  Z.  S. 

1860,  pp.  282,  295  (Ecuador)  ;  id.  Cat.  A.  li.  p.  225 ;  Later.  Ann. 

Lye,  A.  Y.  xi\.  p.  328,  viii.  p.  8  (Panama) ;  liunn.  Syst.  Ueh.  ii. 

p.  601 ;  Pelz.  Om.  Bros.  p.  113 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1807,  p.  751, 

1873,  p.  281,  et  1879,  p.  514 ;  iid.  Nomcncl  p.  51  ;   Tacz.  P.  Z.  S. 


1877,  p.  332,  et  1882,  p.  21 ;  id.  Om.  P6r.  ii.  p.  298 ;  Tacz.  et  BerL 

P.  Z.  8.  1885,  p.  118  J  Salv.  Ibis,  1885,  p.  295  (15r.  Giiiana). 
Muscipeta  barbata,  Sw.  Zool.  III.  ii.  pi.  llC ;  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  934. 
Platyrhynchus  xarithopygius,  Spix,  Av.  Bras.  ii.  p.  9,  pi.  9.  fig.  1. 
Muscicapa  eupogon,  Lichi.  Mus.  Berol. 
Myiobius  xanthopygius,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  p.  4G5 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B, 

p.  225;   Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Ilein.  ii.  p.  07  ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S, 

1866,  p.  189 ;  Eulei*,  J.f.  0. 1868,  p.  185 ;  Pelz.  Om.  Bras.  p.  113; 

Cab.  J.f.  O.  1874,  p.  88 ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  537. 
Myiobius  atricaudus,  Lawr.  Ibis,  1863,  p.  183 ;  id.  Ann,  L.  N.  Y, 

viii.  p.  8  (Panama)  ;    Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  360 ;  Salv. 

P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  198  (Veragua). 
Whiskered  Flycatcher,  Lath.  O.  II.  vi.  p.  245. 

Above  olive-green ;  vertical  crest  yellow,  tipped  with  olive ; 
wings  blackish,  slightly  margined  with  brownish  ;  broad  band  across 
the  ramp  pale  lemon-yellow ;  upper  tail-coverts  and  tail  brownish 
black:  beneath  pale  fulvous,  whiter  on  the  throat;  belly  palo 
lemon-yellow ;  under  tail-coverts  fulvous ;  under  wing-covorls 
white ;  bill  dark  brown,  base  of  the  lower  mandible  white ;  feet 
pale  brown  :  whole  length  5*2  inches,  wing  2*7,  tail  2*4.    Female 


200  TTV,&miTDx. 

similar,  bat  rather  Bmaller,  and  yellow  of  the  crest  not  bo  wi 
developed. 

ffab.  Cayenne,  Ouiana,  Brazil,  Colombia,  Ecuador,  Panama,  ai 
Yeragua. 

The  tul  Ib  rather  darker  in  epocimens  from  Panama  and  Ecuad( 
and  it  ib  perhaps  poaeible  to  recognize  this  form  as  a  sobspecieB,  b 
in  Bome  specimenB  from  Ouiana  I  find  Uie  tail  very  nearly  as  darli 


a.  Subep.  atrieauda. 

OaloveTora,  Veragua  (Arci).  Salvin-Godman  Co 

Panama  (McLeatatan).  Salvin-Godman  Cc 

Panamn  (McLfannan).  Sclster  Coll. 

Esmoraldas,  >k:uHdor  (Priaer).  Sclnt«r  Cnll. 

Babnlio^o,  Ecusdor  ( JVasrr).  Sclatertall. 

Bemedios,  Antioquia,  U.  S.  C.  Salvin-Godraan  Co 

Sarajacu,  Ecuador  {Bueklei/).  Salnu-Godman  Cl 

b.  Snbsp.  typica. 

Baltics    Grove,    Brit.   Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Cc 

^Wkkely). 

CamacuM,     Br.     Ouiana  Salvin-Qodman  Cc 

{WhiUly). 

Bomma,Br.Guiana(irAi(e/y).  Salvin-Godman  C< 

Biver  Atapurow,  Brit.  Guiana  Salvin-Godman  C< 

(  WhiUly). 

Oyapoc,  Cayenne.  Sclater  Coll. 

Amazons.  Piirchnsed. 

Bahia,  Brazil  ( Wvehertr).  Salvin-Godman  Ct 

Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 


b,  c.  ,S  ad. ; 
d.  Ad.  sit. 
e.  $  ad.  sk. 
/.ff-ei  ad.sk, 
h.  (J  ad.  Bk. 
il  <J  ad.  sk. 

j,  k.  Ad.  sk. 


l,m.  ^  £  ad.  sk. 
n.  $  ad.  sk. 


i  Ad.  Bk.  ' 
t-v).  Ad.  sk. 
X,  y.  Ad.  sk. 


65.  MTiofiius.  201 

This  form  principally  differs  from  M.  harbatus  in  the  darker 
folTons  colour  of  the  body  below.     It  is  also  rather  larger  in  size. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Mexico  (SalU).  Sclater  ColL    (Type 

or  the  species.) 

h.  Ad.  sk.  Cordova,  Mexico.  A.  Salld  [C.]. 

c  Ad.  sk.  CozumeII.,Yucatan  (Gaumer).  Salvin-Tiodman  Coll. 

il.Ad.sk.  British] ]ondura8(J9/anca/M'ata').  Salvin-liudman  Coll. 

e.  cf  ad.  sk. ;  /.  Sources  of  Rio  de  la  Passion,  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Ad.  dL  Vera  Paz  (Salvin), 

g.  Ad.  sk.  Vera  Paz  (Salvin),  Tweeddale  Coll. 

A.  Ad.  sk.  Choctum,  Vera  Paz  (Salvin).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

i.  Ad.  sk.  Choctum,  Vera  Paz  (Salvin).  Sclater  Coll. 

y,  k.  Ad.  sk.  Vera  Paz.  ().  Salvin,  Esq.  [CI. 

iL  Ad.  flk.  Chontales,  Nicaragua  (//<»//).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

m.  Ad.  sk.  Tucurriqui,  Costa  Ilica  (Arc^).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

n.  Ad.  sk.  Costa  Rica  (CarwiiW).  Sclater  Coll. 

o.  c?  ad.  sk.  Calovevora,  Veragua  (Arc^).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

p,  cf  ad.  sk.  Santa  Fe,  Veragua  (Arc^).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

y>  ^-  d  2  *d.  sk.  Bujraba,  Chiriqui  (Arcd).  Sahin-Godman  Coll. 

s.  Juv.  sk.  Chiriqui  (Arc6).  Sclater  Coll. 

3.  Myiobius  villosTis. 

Myiobius  villosus,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  pp.  O'i,  4()0;  id.  Cat.  A.B.  p.  220; 

Sd,  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  pp.  ol4,  615  ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  21 ; 

id.  Om.  P4r.  ii.  p.  290  ;  Jierl.  et  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1885,  pp.  91, 110. 
Myiobius  xanthopygius,  Tacz.  P.  Z,  S.  1874,  p.  5.*]7. 

Above  dark  olive-green  ;  vertical  crest  lemon-yellow,  tipped  with 
olive ;  wings  blacysh,  slightly  margined  with  brownish  olive ; 
broad  band  across  the  rump  pale  sulphur-yellow  ;  upper  tail-coverts 
and  tail  dark  brownish  black  :  beneath  deep  fulvous,  throat  whitish  ; 
middle  of  belly  yellowish ;  under  wing-coverts  white,  tinged  with 
falvons ;  bill  dark  browTi,  pale  at  the  base  of  the  lower  mandible  ; 
feet  brown :  whole  length  5  inches,  wing  2*7,  tail  2*4.  Ftnimle 
similar,  but  rather  smaller,  and  yellow  in  crest  absent  or  not  so 
apparent. 

Hah,  Ecuador,  Colombia,  Peru,  and  Bolivia. 

This  is  a  close  ally  of  M.  sulphureipiigius,  and  in  some  cases 
difficult  to  distinguish  in  plumage  ;  but  it  appears  to  be  a  larger  and 
stronger  bird,  with  more  robust  beak,  and  rictal  bristles  more 
developed. 

a,  J  ad.  sk.  Nanegal,  Ecuador  (Eraser).  Sclater  Coll.      (One 

of  the  t>n)es  of  the  species.) 

h.  Ad.  sk.  Rio  Napo.  &later  Coll.      (One 

of  the  tvpes  of  the  species.) 

c,  d.  Ad.  sk.  Ecuador.  S.  Gould,  Esq. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Ecuador  (Buckley),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
/.  $  ad.  sk.            Frontino,  U.  S.  C.  (Salmon),         Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
ff.  §  ad.  sk.            Frontino,  U.  S.  C.  T.  K.  Salmon  [C.]. 
h.  Ad.  sk.              Bogota.                                           Sclater  Coll. 

f.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Purchased. 

j.  Ad.  sk.  Tilotilo,  Prov.  Yungas,  Bolivia    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Buckley). 


4.  UyioblxtB  oinnamoiueiu. 

MuscipeU  cianamotimH.  iTOrb,  et  Lafi:   Syn.  At:   i.   p 

if  Orb.  Vnu.,  Oa.  t.  Hi.  figg.  1, 2, 
MneciMtA  vieilloiii,  d'Ord.  Foj/,,  Ou.  p.  821. 
Myinbiiis  pyrrhnpteruH,  Jfartl.  Sei:  Zool.  1843,  p.  28fl. 
Tjnmnttla  p^-rrboplerii,  .Bp.  Con»p.  i.  p,  191. 
TyniDUulfk  aniiAiiioiiieB,  Iklater,  P.  Z.  ff.  1856,  p.  149. 


Stlater,  P.  Z.  «.  1858, 


18G0,ji.4f!6i 


Ji.  p.  :J2e  i  Law.  Ann.  Lye.  2f.  ¥.  tu.  pp.  338, 472 ;  Scl. 
et  Sah.  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  166,  et  1879,  pp.  614,  616;  iid.  Nomau-l. 


Tvra 
MyinljiiiB  ci 

id.  Cat.  A.  I 

1 1879,  t 

p.  HI :  Tars.  P.  Z.  S.  1^74,  pi  537,  ISrfi.'p.  236,  et  1^82,  p,  21 ,  -. 

Om.  Pfn  ii.  p.  290 ;   Tact.  H  Dal.  P.  Z.  S.  IS^,  p.  91  tEciiftdor). 
Pyrrhomyias  cinnamomeua,  Uj6.  et  Hein.  Mta.  Hein.  ii.  p.  66. 

Above  dark  olive,  head  njfona ;  conocaltid  Tertical  creat  bright 

jellow ;  wings  blackish,  edges  of  coTerts  and  a  large  piitch  occupying 
the  basal  portion  of  the  secondaries  bright.  lornigirionB  red  ;  alight 
nropygial  hiintl  falvons ;  tail  blackish  brown  :  beneath  deep  forru- 
ginouB,  rather  duller  on  the  throat;  under  wing-coverts  and  inner 
mnrgina  of  wing-feathers  bright  nifona  ;  bill  and  fet-t  black  :  whole 
length  4-8  indies,  wing  2-8,  tail  2-2.  FrmaU  Bimilar. 
IJah.  Colombia,  Ecuador,  Peru,  and  Itoliviu. 


a.  Ad.  St. 


6.  Ad.  St,  8.  America, 

c,  rf.  Ad.  St.  BogoU,  U.  8,  C. 

tj.  Ad.  ek.  Bogota,  U,  S.  C. 

g.  Ad.  iak.  Bogota,  U.  S.  C. 

h.  Ad.  ek.  Boftota. 

i,J.  cT  S  od-  sk.  SanU  Elena,  I',  g,  c.  ( jMnioi 

k.  Ad.  nk.  Jims,  Ecuador  (Buekleif). 

I.  cJ  nd.  flk.  Piui^i,  Ecuador  (Piiifa-). 

m.  Ad.  sk.  Coanipatft,  Peru  (  H'AiMi/). 

N.u.  <f  $  nd.sk.  Siniacu,  BciliuB(.Sn('^/^jf), 

p.  Ad.  uk.  SimBCu,  Bolivia  (Bvekk;/). 


Purchaeed. 

Salvia -Oodmau  Cull. 
Salrin-Oodmau  Coll. 
Salviu-OodiiiBii  Coll. 
Sc1at«r  Coll. 
Salvin-Godinaii  Coll. 
Sulviu-Qodiuun  Coll, 
Sclater  Coll. 


5.  UjriobitiB  TieiUotadea. 

SPTOnnula  vieillolioides,  La/r.  1U».  Zool  1648,  p.  174. 
yioWus  vieillolidea,  Selater,  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  p.  466;  id.  Git.A.S. 
p.  226 ;  Set.  rt  Hah.  P.  Z.  S.  1808,  p.   168 ;  iid.   Ntmtencl.  p.  61 ; 
SalTi.  et  Oodm.  Ih't,  1880,  p.  126  (Sant*  Marta). 
Pyrrhomyias  heinei,  Cab.  el  Hein.  Mut.  Hein.  a.  p.  66, 

Above  ferruginous  brown  ;  head  darker,  with  a  oonoealed  vortical 
crest  of  bright  yellow  ;  wings  blackish  browii ;  tips  of  coverts  Bad  a 
large  patch  occupying  the  busat  portion  of  the  secondarieB  bright 
ferni];iUDU6  red  :  tail  Ibmigiiious  red,  with  large  central  blaekieb 
blotches  along  the  shafts  which  increase  towards  tlic  ends :  beneath 
deep  fenuginoUB  red ;  under  wiiig-coverts  and  inner  raargius  of 
wing-fcjithers  like  the  belly  but  rather  brighter;  bill  and  feet 
black  :  whole  length  5  inches,  wing  2*^,  tail  2'4.     Female  similar. 


65.  MTioBins.  203 

Bah,  Coast  of  Colombia  and  Venezuela. 

This  species  is  nearly  allied  to  M.  cintiamomeus,  but  distinguishable 
by  its  mfoQs  back  and  the  rufous  bases  of  the  tail-feathers. 

a.  2  ad.  sL  San  Sebastian,  U.  S.  C.  {Simons).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

ft.  Ad.  sk.  Carip^y  Venezuela  (G^oertn^).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e.  Ad. ;  d,  Jr.  sk.  Venezuela.  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Caracas,  Venezuela.  1).  Dyson  [C.]. 


6.  Myiobins  erythmms. 

Myiobius  erjrthrurus,  Cab.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1844,  i.  p.  240,  pi.  6.  fig.  1 ; 
id.  in  Schomh.  Ouian.  iii.  p.  701 ;  SciaUr,  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  p.  70,  «t 


1860,  pp.  296,  400 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  22(5 ;  Lawr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y. 
.  4/2,  -         - 

p.  114;  Scl.  ei  Salv.  IKZ.iS.   18(57,  pp.  578,  5i)5,  751,  et  1873, 
I.  186,  281  ;  ixd.  Noinencl.  p.  51 ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.   1874,  p.  5;W,  et 


viL  p.  472,  ix.  p.  1 14 ;  l\antz.  J.f.  0. 18<)9,  p.  iiOH  ;  Peiz.  Oni.  Bras. 


ru.  p.  4 
).  11 4 ; 


F 


882,  p.  21  ;  id.  Orn.  Plr.  ii.  p.  301  ;  Sah.  P.  Z.  K  18(>7,  p.  148,  et 
1870,  p.  198 ;  id.  Ibis,  1885,  p.  2i)7  (Br.  ( Juinn.) ;  B<nicard,  P.  Z.  S. 
1878,  p.  64 ;  Berl.  et  Taez.  P.  Z.  S.  lf^%  p.  557,  et  1885,  p.  121. 
Tyrannula  erythrura,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  149. 

Above  greyish  olive,  lower  back  and  tail  bright  rufous ;  wings 
blackish  edged  with  rufous  :  beneath  bright  fulvous  :  throat  greyish ; 
bill  brown,  pale  at  the  base  of  the  lower  mandi])le  :  feet  pale  whitish 
brown:  whole  length  3*5  inches,  wing  2,  tail  l-().     Female  similar. 

Hab.  Guiana,  Amazonia,  Peru,  Colombia,  Ecuador,  Panama,  and 
Costa  Kica. 

The  absence  of  the  coloured  vertical  crest,  the  small  size,  and  the 
pure  rufous  tail  at  once  distinguish  this  species. 

a.  c^  ad.  sk.       Bartica    Grove,    Brit.    Guiana        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Tlliiteii/). 

b,  c.  (^  2  ^'    Camacui>a,  Brit.  Guiana  (Jlliiteiy).     Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
sk. 

</.  <^  ad.  sk.  Carimang    r.,    Brit.    Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Whiteiy). 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Albina,  Surinam.  C.  Bartlett  [C.]. 

/.  fS  ftd.  sk.  Rio  Capim,  Para,  Lower  Amazons  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(  Wallace), 

y.^ad.ek,  Yquitoa,UpperAmazons(  JC^iVWy).  Salvin-Godmnn  Coll. 

h.  c^  ad.  sk.  Chamicuro.'^,  E.  Peru.  E.  Bartlett  [C.]. 

t.  Ad.  sk.  Cosnipata,  Peru  (  Whitely).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

y,  k.  Ad.  sk.  Saravacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

L  Ad.  sk.  Rio  Napo.  Sclater  Coll. 

m.  S  ad.  sk.  Esmeraidas,  Ecuador  (Fraser).  Sclater  Coll. 

n.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

o.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Purchased. 

p.  Ad.  sk.  Chepo,  Isthm.  of  Panama  {Arcf).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

q.  2  *wl.  sk.  Buj^ba,  Chiriqui  {ArcS).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

r.  (S  ad.  sk.  Santa  F6,  Veragua  {Arc4).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

B^t.^  2  fid.sk.  Angostura,  Costa  Rica  {Carmiof).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


TTBANnms. 


7.  Hyiobioa  rnfescena. 

8  rufeecBUs,  fSolrail.  Alt.  Soc.  It.   18ft4,  p.  152  ;_&/.  « 


*i.  fig.  1. 

Above  oinereouB,  sligblly  mised  with  ochraoeouB,  rump  ochraceous ; 
concealed  rortica]  crest  yellow  or  reddish  yellow  ;  terminal  spots  on 
both  rowa  of  coverts  and  exterual  borders  of  Beoondories  nifous ; 
tail  cinereous,  with  pole  tips  to  the  feathers  :  beneath  ocliraceoiu, 
paler  and  more  whitish  on  the  throat;  under  wing-coverts  oehra- 
ceouB ;  bill  blackish,  feet  brown  ;  whole  length  4-5  inchca,  wing  2-2, 
tail  2.     Fcmate  Bimilar,  but  crest  not  so  weU  developed. 

liah.  Wi«teTn  Peru. 

The  cinereous  baok  and  ochraceous  under  surface  at  once  di»- 
tinguish  this  species. 

a,  h.  d  ad.  sk.         Lima,  Peru  [Xatiim).  Sclator  Coll. 

(Types  of  Jtf.nadom-.) 
.•.  2  Bd.  ak.  Tambo  Vulley,    S.W.    Peru  Salvin-GodmBn  Coll. 

(  H-hitflff). 

S.  HTiobiUB  ornatiu. 
Tyrannula  omata.  La/r.  Itsv.  Zooi.  1653,  p.  57 ;  tktativ,  P.  Z.  S.  1854, 

p.  113,  pi.  06.  fig,  2. 
Myiobiua  omatua,  SrlaUr,  P.  Z.  S.  1860.  p. 406 ;  id.Cal.  A.  B.  p.  220 ; 
Scl.  H  Sak.  Nmnenct.  p.  51  j  Cab.  J.  /.  O.   1873,  p.  158 :    Ba-I. 
et  Tacz.  P.Z.  &  1883,  p,  567. 

Above  olive-green,  head  blackish  ;  sides  of  head  cinereouB;  narrow 
front  white ;  concealed  vertical  crest  knion'-yeUaw ;  lores  whitu ; 
niDtp  bright  snlpbur-ycUow  ;  wings  blackish  brown,  slightly  edged 
with  olivaceous ;  tail  at  the  base  rufous,  passing  intfl  blockish  brown 
at  the  end :  beneath  olive-grceii,  throat  passing  into  cinereous ;  belly 
and  crissum  bright  sulphur-yellow ;  under  wing-coverts  olivaceous  : 
inner  margins  of  secondaries  whitish  ;  bill  blackish  :  feet  dark 
btown :  whole  length  4'5  inches,  wing  2'6,  tail  1'8.  Female 
similar. 

Bnb.  Colombia. 


c,  b.  Ad.  St. 

c.  Ad.  sk. 

d.  Ad.ak. 

e.  Ad.  sk. 
f-h.  Ad.  ek. 
i.  Ad.  Bb, 


liogota. 
Bo^to, 

Bogota. 

Jk>goin. 

Pasto,  Ecuador  (Lfhm 


Purchased. 

Gould  Coll. 
Sclater  CoU. 
Purchased. 
Snlvin-Oodman  Coll. 
Salvin-tJodniBJi  CoU. 


9.  UyiobinB  stellEtns. 

MyioWuB  omatuH,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1850,  p.  144  (Rciiadnr). 
MviobiuH  Btellatua,  Cab.  J.  f.  0.1873,  p.  IfW-,  lUri. '■I  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S. 
ImS,  p.  567, 1884,  p,  29t,  et  1885,  pp.  117, 121- 
Lilce  Jt/.  onialiui  bat  emaller,  basal  half  of  the  tail  yellow,  then 


65.  MYioBius.  205 

rnlbiui,  apical  portion  blackish ;  edges  of  secondaries  and  tertiarics 
somewhat  rofesoent,  abdomen  and  rump  brighter  yellow,  broast 
more  yellowish. 

Hah.  Western  Ecuador. 

This  form  appears  to  me  to  be  barely  separable  from  M.  ornatus ; 
but  having  only  one  specimen  to  judge  from,  I  prefer  to  state  the 
points  by  whidk  Messrs.  Berlepsch  and  Taczanowski  (P.  Z.  S.  1883, 
p.  557)  think  it  may  be  recognized. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Pallatanga,  Ecuador  (leaser),        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

10.  Myiobina  phoenicams. 

Tyrannula  phoenicura,  Sclater^  P.  Z.  S.  1854,  p.  113,  pi.  60.  fig.  1. 
Myiobius  pnoemeunis,  Sclater,  P.  Z.S.  18-">8,  p.  70,  et  1860,  p.  46G ; 

id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  226 ;  ikl.  et  Salv.  Noine.ncL  p.  51  ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S. 

1873,  p.  186;  Cab.  J.f.  O.   1873,  p.   LW;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1874, 

p.  538 ;  id.  Om.  Per.  ii.  p.  302  ;  Tacz.  et  Berl.  P.  Z.  S.  1885,  p.  91 

(Ecuador). 

Above  olive-green ;  nape  and  sides  of  the  head  cinereous ;  crown 
black,  with  a  concealed  vertical  crest  lemon-yellow ;  narrow  front 
white ;  wings  blackish,  with  slight  rufous  edgings ;  rump  bright 
lemon-yellow ;  tail  chestnut-red :  beneath  yellowish  olive  ;  throat 
cinereous ;  lower  part  of  the  belly  bright  yellow ;  under  wing- 
coverts  pale  rufous ;  bill  and  feet  dark  brown :  whole  length  4*5 
inches,  wing  2*5,  tail  1*8.     Ftinale  similar. 

Hah.  Eastern  Ecuador. 

The  pure  chestnut-red  tail  at  once  distinguishes  this  form  from 
the  preceding. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Rio  Napo.  Sclater  Coll. 

h.  Ad.  sk.  Rio  Napo.  Gould  Coll. 

c,  d.  Ad.  sk.        Sarayacu,  Ecuador  {Buckley).         Salviu-Godman  Coll. 

11.  Myiobius  anreiventris. 

Myiobius  aureiventris,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  782. 

Very  nearly  similar  to  M.  phosnicurus,  and  apparently  only  dis- 
tinguishable by  its  rather  larger  size  and  very  pale  greyish,  nearly 
white  throat. 

Hab.  Southern  Peru. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Cosnipata,  Peru  (ir^i^e/y).     Sclater  Coll.     (Type 

of  the  species.) 

b.  $  ad. ;  c.  Ad.  sk.     Cosnipata,  Peru  ( Whitely).     Salvin-Goduian  Coll. 

12.  Myiobins  flavicans.    (Plate  XVII.) 

Mviobius  flavicans,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  464 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B. 
p.  227;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  781,  et  1879,  p.  514;  iid. 
Namencl.  p.  61 ;  Berl.  et  Tacz.  P.  Z.  8. 1884,  p.  297. 

Above  yellowish  olive ;  concealed  vertical  crest  orange  or  yellow ; 


206  TVHxssiDi. 

line  round  the  eyo  yellowish  ;  wings  dark  aahy  brown :  tips  of  tho 
coTcrta  and  out«r  m*rginB  of  wing-foathers  fiilvouB ;  tail  ashy 
brown,  with  alight  oUvsioeoiiB  odgings :  beneath  jellowish,  brighter 
on  the  middlu  of  tho  belly  aud  pasBing  into  olivaceous  im  the 
fliiiilis :  nnder  wing-coverts  pale  yellow ;  inner  margins  of  wing- 
ft'others  fiilvoUB :  bill  horiinwloar :  fei't  lirown :  whole  length  4-S 
iuclios,  wing  2'G,  taiJ  ^'1.  FeaviU  Himilar,  but  without  tho  con- 
uealed  orange  or  yellow  crest, 

Jtah.  Kcandnr  and  Colombia. 

Tliia  is  a  very  distinct  species,  at  once  distinguishable  by  its 
mainly  olive  and  yellow  dress.  As  in  other  members  of  the  genus, 
the  orest  seems  to  vary  iu  tint  from  yellow  to  orange  or  reddish. 


;.  Ad.  sk.  Pallalaogn,  Ecuador  (Friuer). 


(Tj-pe 


b.    Ad.  8h. 

Quito,  Ecuador. 

e.  Ad.  sk. 

lutac,  Ecaadoi  iBuc/ile 

d.  Ad.  ak. 

Antjoquift,  Colombia  ( 
Sania  Elena,  Ajitioquu 

f,   $«d.sk. 

f-i.  Jad.;j,*. 

Biigoto. 

2iul.ik. 

/.  Ad.  ek. 

BogoW. 

»<,  Ad.  sk. 

Bogota. 

«.  Ad.  St. 

Aregua,  Venezuela. 

Sclator  CoU. 
of  the  HI 
Sjilvin-Qodnuin  Coll. 
Solvin-Godrann  ColL 
Sttlvin-Oodmiui  CoU. 
Salmon  rC.l. 
Sclater  Coil 

Pucchased. 
Salvin-Godmiu  (Joll. 
Pore  based. 


13.  Uyiohins  phnnicomitra. 

Myiobiue  phoenicomitia,  Thre.  ct  Bert.  P.  Z.  S.  1385,  p.  fli. 

Above  olive-green ;  oonoealed  vertical  crest  reddish  orange ; 
wings  blackish,  with  slight  fulvous  edjtings  t-o  the  coverts  and 
out«r  secondaries ;  tail  ashy  black,  with  sli^t  olivaceous  edgings : 
beneath  yellowish,  brighter  on  the  middle  of  the  belly  and  more 
olivaceous  on  the  breast  and  flanks  ;  inner  margins  of  wing-fcntliors 
pale  fulvous  ;  hill  dark  cinereous,  lower  mandible  whitish  ;  feet 
pale  brown:  whole  length  44  inches,  wing  'JS,  tail  2-1,  FemaU 
similitr,  bub  vertical  crest  absent  or  less  developed. 

Ha/y.  Ecuador. 

Apparently  separable  from  M.JInvicans  by  tho  much  greener  tint 
of  the  olive  above  and  paler  ooloor  below. 

II,  b.  ,Had.  sk.      Mapoto,  Ecuador  (Stolzmnnn).      Sclater  Coll. 

(Authentic  specimens.) 

14.  HTiobiaa  snpercilioBiu. 

Myiobiiis  supercilioBus,  Ta-^.  1'.  '£.  S.  \S7A,  p.  538,  et  IHBi,  p.  21. 
Myiobins  superclliaris,  Tare.  (h-a.  IVr.  ii.  p.  .'TOO. 

Above  olive-green,  with  a  slight  browninh  tinge  on  the  lower 
back  :  concealed  vertical  crest  yellow  ;  slight  sujierciliary  mark  and 
line  round  tiie  eye  jellowish  ;  wings  blackish,  slightly  edged  with 
fulvous  :    tail  dark   brown :    beneath    yellowish,  brighter  on  the 


65.  MTI0BIU8.  207 

middle  of  the  belly  ;  under  wing-ooverts  pale  yellow,  inner  margins 
of  wing-feathers  Mvons ;  bill  and  feet  dark  brown  :  whole  length 
4*7  inches,  wing  2*6,  tail  2*2.  Female  similar,  but  rather  paler 
and  without  the  yeUow  vertical  crest 

Hah.  Peru. 

I  have  only  a  single  female  specimen  of  this  species  before  mo. 
It  seems  to  be  closely  allied  to  if.  Jlcivicans,  and  I  am  somewhat 
inclined  to  doubt  its  real  distinctness.  M.  Taczanowski  (Orn.  Per. 
ii.  p.  307)  has  pointed  out  what  appear  to  be  the  differences. 

a.  Jr.  sk.        Cochocho,  Peru  {Stolzmann).        Sclater  Coll.    (Authentic 

specimen.) 

15.  Myiobius  pulcher. 

Myiolrius  pulcher,  Sdater,  P.  Z.  S.  18G0,    p.  4G4 ;   id.  Cat.  A.  B. 
p.227;  k  P.  Z.S.  1806,  p.  100,  pi.  xi.  fi^.  2,  et  1873,  p.  780 
8d.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  51  j  Ridqw.  P.  U.  S.  N.  M.  iv.  p.  177; 
Tacz.  Orn.  P4r.  ii.  p.  302. 

Above  olive,  with  a  yellow  tinge  ;  head  darker ;  concealed  vertical 
crest  bright  orange ;  wings  blackish ;  broad  edgings  of  the  wing- 
ooverts  and  outer  margins  of  external  secondaries  pale  fulvous  ;  tail 
ashy  brown  :  beneath  yellowish,  passing  into  fulvous  yellow  on  the 
breast ;  under  wing-coverts  pale  yellow ;  inner  margins  of  wing- 
feathers  pale  fulvous  ;  upper  mandible  blackish,  lower  whitish ; 
feet  pale  brown:  whole  length  3*5  inches,  wing  2,  tail  1*6.  FemaU 
similar,  but  vertical  crest  less  developed. 

Hab,  Ecuador  and  Peru. 

This  bird  may  be  recognized  by  its  small  size  and  the  conspicuous 
bands  across  the  wing-coverts. 

a,  h.  Ad.  sk.  Vicinity  of  Quito,  Ecuador.  Sclater  Coll.    (Types 

of  the  species.) 

c.  Ad.  sk  Ecuador.  Salvin-Godmau  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Intac,  Ecuador  (Buckfei/).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Huasampilla,  Peru  ( Whitely).       Sclater  Coll. 

16.  Myiobius  bellus. 

Myiobius  bellus,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1802,  p.  Ill  j  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  3G0 ; 

Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  51. 
Elainea    femigineiceps,    Pelz.    Veih.  zool.-bot.    Ges.    Wien,  xxxii. 

p.  447  (Ecuador). 

Above  olive-green,  with  a  slight  brownish  tinge ;  head  cine- 
reous, with  a  concealed  vertical  crest  of  deep  orange ;  wings 
blackish ;  broad  tips  of  two  rows  of  wing-coverts  and  external 
margins  of  outer  secondaries  fulvous ;  tail  ashy  brown :  beneath 
yellowish,  paler  on  the  throat,  and  passing  into  fulvous  on  the 
breast ;  under  wing-coverts  pale  yellow,  inner  margins  of  wing- 
feathers  fulvous ;  bill — upper  mandible  blackish,  lower  whitish  ; 
feet  blackish  :  whole  length  4*2  inches,  wing  2*5,  tail  2*1. 

Hah,  Colombia. 


TIRAJ9N1I)£. 


Very  eloafily  sliieii  to  M.  paldusr,  bat  lai^er 
darker  fuivous  on  th«  breael. 


Scintet  Coll.    (Typ«3 

of  the  apeciea.) 
SoUiter  CoU. 
Salvin-aodman  Coll, 


17.  Hyiobina  Bnbochraceiu. 

MyiobiuB  subocbrBceue,  SW.  P.  '/..  S.  1S«7,  p.  50. 

Above  dull  olive-green,  rathar  more  ochraceona  on  the  rump ; 
wings  blaukish,  with  brond  tips  to  bobhrown  of  uoverte  mid  external 
margina  of  secondaries  pale  fiJvona ;  lail  dark  cinereous :  beneath 
bright  ochraccouH,  more  yellow  wh  in  the  middle  of  the  belly;  under 
wing-coverts  pale  oehraceous ;  bill  dark  brown  ;  feet  black :  whole 
length  4-ff  inches,  wing  2-5,  tail  2'(i. 

Hah.  Bolivia. 

The  specimen  deearibed  is  apparently  a  female  of  a  third  species 
of  the  group  of  M.  pukher,  distinguished  by  its  large  size  and  the 
anifonn  ochraceous  colouring  Irelow.  There  is  juat  a  taint  ajipcar- 
ance  of  bright  colour  on  the  crown,  so  that  the  male  would  probably 
have  a  concealed  orange  crest.  The  bill  is  rather  narrower  and  more 
elongated  than  in  the  two  preceding  apeoies. 

The  second  spedmen  (6),  which  I  have  temporarily  placed  here, 
IB  probably  the  yonng  of  a  different  species.  It  is  more  of  an 
olive-greon  above,  and  the  form  of  the  bill  comes  quite  close  to 
3f.  jjufcAw. 

u.  Jr.  ak.          Tilotilo,  Prov.  Yungw,  Bohvia  SaJvin-Godmsn  Coll. 

(Baeklev).  (Tvpttof  the  specieaj 

b.  Jr.  sk.           Tilotilo,  ftov.  Yungas,  Bolivia  Salvin-Oodmnii  Coll. 

(Buckley).  (Proboblv  different) 


18.  Myiobinfl  roraimo.    (Plate  XVIU.) 

Myiobius  rgraimie.  Salt:  rt  Godm.  lbi»,  1883,  p.  207 ;   Salvin,  Ibu, 
1885,  p.  m. 

Above  olive-brown  ;  head  with  a  concealed  reddish  crest ;  wings 
blackish,  two  broad  bars  across  the  wing-coverts  and  eslornal 
margins  of  outer  secondaries  rufous ;  toil  brown  :  beneath  pale  yel- 
lowish ;  breast  and  sides  slightly  freckled  with  cinereous ;  under 
wing-coverts  white  ;  inner  margins  of  wing-feathers  einnamo- 
meous;  upper  mandible  brown,  lower  whitish;  feet  dark  brown  : 
whole  length  5-2  inchce,  wing  2-6,  tail  2-5.  Female  similar,  but  red 
crest  absent  or  but  slightly  indicated. 

Bah.  Interior  of  British  Oniana. 

A  very  distinct  species,  perhaps  most  neurly  allied  to  M.  lun'iut, 
but  larger  and  of  quite  a  ditferent  colour  below. 


65.  MTI0BIU8.  209 

;.  (^  ad. ;  d^e.       Roraima,    Brit.    Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

$  ad.  ak                   (  Whitely),  (Types  of  the  species.) 

ft  9"  (^  $  ad.  ak.         Boraima,    Brit.    Guiana  ^clater  CoU. 

(  Whitely), 

h,  ^  BidLak.               Twek-quey,  Carimang  r.,  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

Brit  Guiana  (  WkUely), 


19.  Myiobins  nsByias. 

Gobe-mouche  a  poitrine  tachet^e  de  Cayenne,  Daub,  PI.  Enl.  574. 
fig.  3. 

Muscicapa  naevia,  Bodd.  Tahh  d.  PL  Enl.  p.  34  (1783). 

Muscicapa  virgata,  Chii.  S.  N,  i.  p.  948. 

Platyrhynchus  chrysoceps,  .S);u-,  Av.  Bras.  ii.  p.  10,  pi.  11.  fig.  2. 

Muflcipeta  chrysoceps,  ^fax.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  040. 

Muscicapa  flammiceps,  Temm.  PL  Col.  144.  fig.  3(5). 

Myiobiiis  auriceps.  Gray  in  Z^jdI.  Voy.  '  Beaijle^  iii.  p.  47. 

Muscipeta  Tirgata,  (POrb.  Voy.^  0x8.  p.  320;    Burm,  Syst,  Veb.  ii. 
p.  486. 

T^nrannula  ferruginea,  Sw.  Orn.  Dr.  pi.  53. 

Trrannula  chrvsoceps,  Ilartl.  Verz.  Mtm.  Brcm.  p.  49, 

Myiobius  naevius,  ScL  P.  Z.  S.  18(K),  p.  400,  et  1873,  p.  780;  id.  Cat, 
A,  B,  p.  227 ;  Lnwr.  Ann.  Lye  N.  Y.  ix.  p.  80 ;  ScL  H  Hah.  P.  Z.  S. ' 
1860,  p.  189,  1808,  pp.  l;^,  142,  108,  1873,  pp.  180,  281,  1870, 
p.  16,  et  1870,  pp.  514,  015;  tid.  Xo?nencL  p.  51 ;  Pclz.  Orn.  Bras. 
p.  114;  Wyatt,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  333  ;  BerL  J.  f.  O.  1873,  p.  250,  et 
1884,  p.  303;  Layard,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  383;  Sal  v.  P.  Z.  S.  1807, 
p.  148,  et  1870,  p.  108  ;  id.  Ibis,  188^5,  p.  207  (Br.  Guian.) ;  Forbes, 
Bns,  1881,  p.  343;  White,  P.  Z.  S.  18^2,  p.  007;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S, 
1882,  p.  21  ;  id.  Orn.  Per.  ii.  p.  305 :  Bcrl.  et  Jhcr.  Zeitschr.  qes, 
Orn,  1885,  p.  13(5  (Kio  (Jrande  do  8ul) ;  limdi.  FvyU-f.  Camp, 
Bras.  p.  142  ;  Barrmcs,  Bull.  Xiift.  Orn.  Cl.  viii.  p.  201  (Entrerios) ; 
ScL  et  Hnds.  Ary.  Orn.  i.  p.  151. 

Myiopliobus  na3vius.  Cab.  et  Ilein.  Mn-^.  Ilein.  ii.  p.  00. 

Above  brown  ;  lores  whitish  ;  concealed  vertical  crest  red  or 
yellow;  wings  blackish,  two  bands  across  the  coverts  and  outer 
margins  of  external  secondaries  pale  rufous  or  fulvous,  sometimes 
whitish ;  tail  dark  brown  :  beneath  fulvous  white ;  sides  of  throat, 
breast,  and  flanks  more  or  less  distinctly  llammulated  with  brown ; 
under  wing-coverts  pale  fulvous ;  bill  brown,  lower  mandible 
whitish  ;  feet  blackish  :  whole  length  4-7  inches,  wing  2'b,  tail  2'3. 
Female  similar,  but  concealed  crest  yeUow  or  absent. 

Hah.  Veragua  and  South  America  down  to  Argentine  Republic. 

The  colour  of  the  crest  in  this  species  seems  to  vary  from  red  to 
yeUow ;  it  is  not  quite  evident  from  marked  specimens  that  this  is 
sexual,  but  such  is,  I  suspect,  the  case. 

a,  (S  ad.  sk.  Santa  F6,  Veragua  (Arci),        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

h,  $  ad.  sk.  Castillo,  Veragua  {Arci),  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

c.  Ad.  flk.  Lion  Hill  Station,  Panama        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(McLeannan), 

d,  Jr.  sk.  Paraiso   Station,   Panama        Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

(Hughes). 

VOL.  XIV.  P 


Tt&AmnDX. 


e.  $  ad.  Bk. 

MedeUin,U.8.C.  (5ii/mon). 

SBlTin-Godmar 

f.   Ad.  Bk. 

Venezuela  (Goenng). 

Salvin-Godmaii 

jF,  A.  ?  ad.  8k. 

Veneiuela  (Goerinff). 

Salvin  Coll. 

?;2^.a].. 

Carupano,  Venezuela  (Ooe- 
Triddad. 

SalTin-Godmar 

;.  Ad.  sk. 

Sckter  CoU. 

4,  /.  (J  ad.;  m. 

RorMma,      British      Guiana 

Salvin-Godmai 

?  Bd-flk. 

(  Whitely). 

n.  <f  ad.  ak. 

Cayanno  (JeUki). 

Salvin-Godmai 

0.  (J  ad.  8k. 

Para  {Layard). 

Tweoddale  Col 

i».  Ad.  sk. 

Salvia-Godmai 

g,  r.  Ad.  Bk. 

Bahia,  Brazil  (  Wiicherer). 

Saliin-Godmai 

».    Ad.  Bk. 

Babia,  Brazil  (BerUpsch). 
Pelotaa,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul, 

Sclater  Coll. 

i.  i  ad.;  «, 

Salvin-Godmai 

Ad.Bk. 

BraziJ(/osm«-). 

»,ic.  Ad,  ek. 

Brazil. 

Sclater  Coll, 

x:  Ad.  ak. 

Brazil. 

J.  Gould,  Esq, 

y.  <J  ad.  8k. 

Oran,      Salta,     Arg.     Rep. 

{White). 
*>.-.r'      A^.     Rep. 
Buenoe  Ayrea. 

Salviu-Godmai 

c  ^  ad.6k. 

Sclater  Coll. 

a',  cf  Bd.  Bk. 

Zool.Soc.Coll. 
oTM.aur 
Sclater  Coll, 

■b:  (J  ad.;  «■,<*'. 

Florea,  Buenos  Aires,  Arg. 

2ad.Bk, 

Rep.  iWhite). 

e'.  Ad.  Bk. 

Bolim. 

T.  Bridges  [C; 

20.  Hyiobiiu  crypterTtliniB. 

Myiobiua  crypterythnis,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  p.  404 ;  id.  Cat. 
p,  227 ;  Sert.  rt  Ihcz.  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  6B8,  et  1884,  p.  297 ; 
e(  Serl.  P.  Z.  &  1886,  p.  02 ;  Taa.  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  3^1,  et 
p.  203 ;  a,  O™.  i¥r.  it.  p.  304, 


66.   PTS0CEPHALU8.  211 

.  21.  Kyiobiiis  cryptozanthns. 

Myiobios  aryptozanthus,  Scl,  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  445 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B. 
p.  227;  Tacz.€tBerl  RZ.  S,  1885,  pp.  68,  92. 

Above  sooty  brown ;  vertical  crest  bright  yellow  tipped  witb 
brown ;  wings  blackish,  two  bars  across  the  coverts  and  outer  mar- 
gins of  external  secondaries  pale  fulvous ;  tail  pale  brown :  below 
whitish ;  breast  obsolctely  flammulatcd  with  pale  cioereous ;  belly 
pale  yellowish  white ;  bill  brown ;  feet  blackish :  whole  length 
4*5  inches,  wing  2*3,  tail  2.  Female  similar,  but  yellow  crest  very 
slightly  indicated. 

Bah.  "Western  Ecuador. 

The 'Small  size,  pure  yellow  crest,  and  yellowish  belly  distingnish 
this  species. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (BucMey).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

h,  cf  ad.  ^.        Zamora,  Ecuador  (Fraser).  1  Sclater  Coll.    (Types 

e.  $  ad.  sk.        Gualaquiza,  Ecuador  {Fraser),      \      of  the  species.) 


QQ.  PYROCEPHALUS. 

Tjpe. 

I^rrocephalus,  GauM,  ZooL  Voy.  ^Beagle,  iii.  p.  44  (1841)    P.  ruBineus. 

Pyrouphaltis  comes  very  close  to  Mijiobius  in  structural  cha- 
racters, and  is  indeed  hardly  separable  except  for  its  slightly  longer 
and  less  broadened  bill  and  less  developed  rictal  bristles.  But  its 
bright  scarlet  plumage  renders  it  easily  recognizable.  The  form 
extends  from  the  Southern  United  States  to  -^^jgentina  and  the 
GhJapagos. 

Key  to  the  Sjyecies, 

A.  Head  and  body  below  bright  scarlet. 

a.  Female  striated  on  breast. 

j  Smaller;  darker  above    1.  ruhinevsj  p.  211. 

I  Larger  ;  paler  above    2.  mexicanus,  p.  213. 

b.  Female  not  striated  on  breast   3.  nanus,  p.  214. 

B.  Plumage  imiform  dark  ashy 4.  obscunisy  p.  215. 

• 

1.  Pyrocephalus  rubineus. 

Gobe-mouche  rouge  hup6,  Daub.  PL  Enl.  075.  tig.  2. 
Muscicapa  rubinus,  Boad.  Table  de  PL  EnL  p.  42, 
Muscicapa  coronata,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  p.  U32. 
Platyrhynchus  coronatus,  VieilL  Enc.  Meth.  p.  840. 
Myiarchus  coronatus,  Tsch.  Faun,  P4r.j  Om,  p.  155 ; 


Muscicapa  coronata,  Gm.  S,  N.  i.  p.  U32. 

—       "        "  ~"?7A.  P.840. 

Cab,  in  Schomb, 

Guian,  iii.  p.  700. 
Pyrocephalus  coronatus,  Bp,  Consp.  i.  p.  188  ;  Burm.  J,  f,  0. 18C0, 

p.  246  (rep.  Arg.) ;  Stemb,  J,  f,  O.  1809,  p.  261  (Buenos  Ayres). 
Pyrocephalus  rubineus,  Cab.  et  Hein,  Mm.  Hein,  ii.  p.  67;  Sd.  P,  Z,  S, 

1854,  p.  113  (Eucador),  1855,  p.  149  (Bogota),  et  1866,  p.  99 

(Lima)  j  id.  Cat.  A.  B,  p.  227 ;  Dresser,  Ibis,  1865,  p.  475  (Texas); 

8d.  et  Sah.  P.  Z.  8. 1866,  p.  189  (Ucayali),  1867,  p.  987  (Peru), 

p2 


Feb.  Om.  Srat.  p.  114;  Hudson,  F.Z.S.  1872,  p.  808; 
P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p,  538,  1877,  pp.  326,  332, 752  (Pent),  1879, 
et  1880,  p.  203  (N.  Peru) ;  i^.  Om.  Per.  ii.  p.  307 ;  Ihira 
1877,  p,  178  (BuenoB  Ajres)  ;  Sah.  H  Godm.  Ibts,  1879,  p. 
1880,  p.  125  (Colombia) ;  Gibion,  Ibii,  1880,  p.  27  (Buenos  i 
Bt  1885,  p. 280;  Saiv.  P.Z.S.  1883,  p.  424;  id.  IbU,  1885, 
(Br.  Guiaca) :  Berl.  et  Jher.  ZetUchr.  get.  Om.  1885,  p.  13 
Or.  do  Sul) ;  BarroKi,  BuU.  Nuft.  Om.  CI.  viii.  p.  201  (Enti 
Scl.  ft  Suds.  Arg.  Om.  i.  p.  162. 

Pjrocephftlus nanus, Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  pp,  46, 144  (Ecufldor),e 
pp.  282,  295  (Ecuador) ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  228. 

Suiriri  coronftta,  ifOrt.  Voy.,  Ois.y.  336. 

PyrocephaluB  parviroatriB,  Gould,  Zool.  Vog,  'Beagle,'  iii.  p.  44, 
Cai.  et  Hem.  Mui.  Hein.  ii.  p.  07;  Surm.  La-Plata  R, 
p.  456. 

Muficipeto  strigilata,  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  900  (  $  ). 

PjTocephalua  stripilatuB,  ReinA.  FtiSief-  Camp.  Bra».  p.  142, 

I^OMphalus  rubmeua  coronatus,  TacTL.  Om.  Ptr.  ii.  p.  310. 

Above  very  dark  cinereous;  creBt*d  head  and  body  bt 
scarlet ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  5-2  inches,  wir 
tail  2'3.  Femcde.  Above  paler  cinoreous,  beneath  white ; 
atriatcd  with  cinereous  ;  belly  more  or  less  rosy  red. 

Hah.  South  America,  from  Colombia  down  to  Buenos  Ayrei 
It  IB  in  vain,  I  think,  to  attempt  to  make  more  than  one  i 
oat  of  this  widely-spread  bird,  though  specimens  from  the  wes 
are  usually  smaller. 


66.   PYBOCEPHALTTS. 


213 


s.  $  ad.  8k. 

a*.  (^  adak. 
b\  (^  ad.  ak. 
&,  S  ad.  ak. 

<r,<f.'  <J?ad. 

ak. 
/.  ?  ad.  sk. 
^.  S  ad.  ak. 

A',  c?  ad.  sk. 
t*.  ^  ad.  Bk. 
/,  k\  <J  ad. ;  r. 

cJ  jr.  sk. 
«'.  cJ  jr*  sk. 
n'.  (^  ad.  st. 

o\  $  ad.  sk. 

/>'•  cJ  ad.  sk. 
y',  r'.  cJ  ?  ad. 
»',  f .  J  ad.  sk. 
tf'.  $  ad.  sk. 
t/.  ^  jr.  sk. 
IP'.  $  ad.  sk. 


Santa  Rita,  Ecuador  {Buck- 
ley). 

Pebas,  E.  Peru  (Hauxwell). 

River  Ucayali  (HatLrwell). 

Caterido  Valley,  S.VV.  Peru 
(  Whitely). 

Islay,  Peru. 

Islay  (  Whitely). 
Tambo  Valley,  Peru 

(  Whitely). 
Payta,  Peru  {Markham). 
Branas,  Brazil  (lieifiJiardt). 
Bahia,  Brazil  (Wucherer), 

Rio,  Brazil. 
Buenos  Ayres. 

Buenos  Ayres. 

Buenos  Ayres  {JIaskhust). 
La  Plata  {Hudstyn). 
Mendoza,  rep.  Ar|^. 
Mendoza  ? 
Rived  aria,  rep.  Arg. 
Punta  Lara,  rep.  Arg. 


Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

Salvin-Qodman  Coll. 
.7.  Gould,  Esq. 
Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

H.  Whitely  [C.]. 

Tweeddale  CoU. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  CoU. 
Sclater  CoU. 
Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

Sclater  CoU. 
C.Darwin[C.].  (Type 

of  P.  parvirostris.) 
C.Darwin[C.].  (Type 

of  1\  parvirostris.) 
Salvin-Godman  CoU. 
Sclater  CoU. 
Purchased. 
Sclater  Coll. 
C.  Duruford  [C.]. 
C.  Durnford  [C.J. 


2.  FyrocephaliLs  mezicanus. 

Tyrannula  coronata,  Sw.  Phil.  Mat/.  1827,  i.  p.  3G7  (Mexico). 
Pyrocephalus  rubineus,  Cuss.  B.  Calif,  p.  12/,  pi.  18;   Scl.  P.  Z.  S, 

185C,  p.  296;  JJaird,  B.  X.  Am.  p.  201. 
Pyrocephalus  mexicanus,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  Is50,  pp.  45,  50,  366,  et  1864, 

p.  176  (Mexico) ;   id.  lUs,  1850,  p.  442 ;   id.  Cat.  A.  B,  p.  227 ; 

Cab,  et  Hein.  Mm.  Hein.  ii.  p.  68;    Scl.  ct  Salv.  Ihis,  1860,  p.  399 

(Guatemala) ;    iid.   Nomcncl.  p.  51  ;  Laicv.  Ann.  Ltfc^  N.  Y.  ix. 

p.  201  (X.  Yucatan);  Boucard,  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  448  (Yucatan). 
Pyrocephalus  rubineus,  var.  mexicanus,  Baird,  Brew.,  et  liidyw,  N. 

A.  B.  ii.  p.  387. 
Pyrocephalus  rubineus  mexicanus,  Merrill,  P.  U.  S.  X.  M,  i.  p.  141 

Sexas) ;   Coues,  Key  N.  A.  B.  1884,  p.  444 ;   Ridyw.  P.  U.  S.  N. 
,  v.  p.  542  (California) ;  id.  Man.  A.  A.  B.  p.  345. 

Above  dark  cinereous ;  wings  sometimes  with  slight  whitish 
edgings ;  crested  head  and  body  beneath  scarlet ;  bill  and  feet  black : 
whole  length  5*3  inches,  wing  3*3,  tail  2*5.  Female,  Above  cinereous, 
with  slight  whitish  edgings  to  the  wings:  beneath  dirty  white, 
striated  with  cinereous  on  the  breast ;  belly  more  or  less  suflfused 
with  rosaceous. 

Hab,  South  California,  Mexico,  Yucatan,  Belize,  and  Guatemala. 

Perhaps  hardly  more  than  a  subspecies  of  P.  rubineus,  but  gene- 
raUy  recognizable  by  its  larger  size  and  rather  lighter  back. 


c.  a  ad.  Hk. 
d,e.  (^  $  ad.  Bt. 
f,ff-  <I?«d.Bli. 
h,i.  JSad.Bk. 


Anzona,  U.  S.  A. 

La  Faz,  Lower  California 

(Forrtr). 
Fort  Yuma,  Cal.,  U.  a  A. 
Uexico. 

North  Mexico  (  Ward). 
Maiatlan,  W.  Mexico  (For- 


Oaiaea,  W.  Mexico    (^e- 

nochio). 
Jalapa,  liexico  (lie  Oca). 
Mexico. 

Progreso,  N.  Yucatan  {Ikvi*). 
Noithem  Yaoalan  ( Oaumer). 
Silam,  Yucatan  (Oauma-). 

Yucatan  (Oaumer). 
Cozumel  I,,  Yucatan  (<7itu- 


M.  (}  ad.Bk. 
o.  eS  ad.  Hk. 
p-r.  (J  ad.;  t 

$  ad.  sk. 
t  d  ad.  ak. 
1^.  (fad.;  a 

2  ad.  sk. 
^,^.  (f  $  ad.  ak.    British  Honduras. 
/*.  <;  ad.  ak.  Belize,    British    Honduras 

(Blancarteaux). 
Santana,  Pet«a  (Salvin). 
Fine-ridgu  of  Foctum,  Gua- 
temala. 
Pine-ridge  of  Poctum,  Qoa- 
temala  (Salvin). 
'.  ^  ad.  sk  Guatemala. 


B.  B.  Sharpe,  E 

pp.]. 
SalTin-Qodman  Ci 

S.  Morcom  [P.]. 
Purchased. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  G 

Salvin-Godmao  C' 

Salvin-Godman  C 

Sclater  OoU.  (T; 
of  the  apecies.) 
Salvin-Godman  C 
Salvin-Godman  C 
Sclater  Coll, 


.  cf  ad.Bk. 

,  i'.  (J  $  ad.  ak. 


.  (f  ad.Hk. 


Twaeddale  Coll. 
O.  Salvin,  Esq.  ['. 


PyrocephalDB  nuiiu. 

Ooul//,   li,   Zx^l.  Vol].  •  Jleagte,' 


66.   PYB0CEPHALT7S. 


215 


jr.  sk. 
/,  m.  c^  ad.  sk. 

n-r.  $  ad.  sk. 
«.  cT  &d. ;  t,  u. 

S  jr«  sk. 
V,  S  ^*  sk. 

Wy  jr.  <^  ad. ;  ify  z. 

2  ad.  sk. 
a'.  cJ  ad. ;  b'-d'. 

2  ad.  sk. 
e'.  $  ad.  sk. 


Indefatigable  Island,  Grala- 

pagos  (Habety, 
Charles  Island,  Galapagos 

{Markham). 
Charles  Island,  Galapagos. 
Bindloe  Island,  Galapagos 

(Habel). 
Galapagos. 

Galapagos. 

Galapagos. 

Galapagos. 


Sclater  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Commr.  Cookson  [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman  UoD. 

Capt.  Kellett  and  Lt. 

Wood  [P.]. 
Lt.  Burnett  and  Capt. 

Fitzroy  [P.]- 
C.  Darwin  [P.]. 

(T^'pes  of  P.  nanus.) 
J.  Gould,  Es^.     (Type 
of  P.  dubius.) 


4.  FjrroceplialnB  obscums. 

Pyrocephalus  obscurus,  GouMj  in  Zool.  Voi/.  ^  Beagle,^  iii.  p.  45 
(1841) ;  Sclaf.erj  P.  Z.  S.  18.59,  p.  4(;,  1864,  p.  'l7G  (Mexico),  et  1806, 
p.  99  (Lima) ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  228. 

Pyrocephalus  rubinous  obscums,  Tacz.  Orn.  Per.  ii.  p.  311. 

Myiarchus  ntropurpureus,  Cab.  in  Tsch.  F.  P.,  Airs,  p.  150  (1845). 

Of  a  uniform  dark  cinereous,  with  occasional  slight  points  of 
scarlet  in  some  specimens ;  belly  slightly  stained  with  rosaceous : 
whole  length  5'5  inches,  wing  2*9,  tail  2*3.  Fnnale  similar,  but 
not  so  dark. 

Hob.  Western  Peru. 

I  should  have  been  inclined  to  consider  this  bird  only  a  dark 
variety  of  P.  ruhvuus,  but  such  is  not  the  o])inion  of  those  who 
have  met  with  it  in  a  state  of  nature  (</.  Jelski,  in  Tacz.  Orn.  Per. 
ii.  p.  312).  I  think  there  may  have  ])een  some  mistake  about 
the  locality  of  the  single  specimen  said  to  be  from  Mexico. 


a.  Ad.  St. 

b.  Ad.  sk. 

c.  <5  ad.  sk. 

d.  $  ad.  sk. 

e.  2  ad.  sk. 

f,9'  c?  ?  ad.  sk. 
h.  Ad.  sk. 
t.  Ad.  sk. 
j.  Ad.  St. 


Lima,  Peru. 

Lima,  Peru  (Nation). 
Lima,  Peru  (Jelski). 
Callao,  Peru  (Marhham). 
Tambo  Valley,  S.W.  Peru 

(  Uliiteh/).  * 
Tambo  Villey,  S.W.  Peru. 
Peru. 

Mexico  (?). 
Peru  (?). 


C.  DiiTAvin  [C.]. 
(Type  of  P.  obscurus.) 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salnn-Gedman  Coll. 

IT.  Whitely  [C.]. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
E.  Wilson,  Esq.  [P.]. 


216  TTBAinnsA. 

67.  EHFIDOCHAKES*.  ^ 

Empidochftnea,  &i.  Cat.  A.  S.  p.  228  (1882) E.  fringi 

Empidoehanss  is  also  not  far  remored  firom  Myiobiut,  bat  tl 
is  larger  and  longer,  and  the  riotal  bristles  are  not  so  much 
bped.  The  species  are  found  in  South  America  from  Colom 
South  Brazil. 

K^  to  the  Specie*. 

A.  Under  wing-coverts  whitish. 

o.  Upper  Bunaceumbei^brown;  wing-bands  ferru- 

I  base  of  lower  mandible  light-coloured    . .  I.  fiucatai,  p. 

)  lower  mandible  wholly  dark    2.  /rmffiilartt, 

b.  Upper   surface  grejish  brown ;    wing-bands 

greyish  buff    S.  arenaceue,  p 

B.  Uncfor  wing-coverts  deep  ochraceous  red : 

i  belly  deep  oehraeeous 4.  peecilunu,  p 

bellj  whitish 5.  ealvini,  p.  '2 

1.  EmpidoduuieB  foscatuB. 

MuBcipeta  fuscala,  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  002 ;  Burm.  Sytl.  Ueb.  ii. 
Myiobius  fuscatus,  Bp.  Contp.  i.  p.  1S8. 
Empidochanes  fuscatus,  Bidgte.  Ibu,  1886,  p.  461 ;  Scl.  Bn» 
p.C5. 

Similar  to  E.  fringillarU,  but  lower  mandible  with  basa 
lighlHH)lotired  (Ridgviay). 
Hah.  South-east  Brazil. 
If  this  apeoieB  is  distinot  from  E.  fringUJarJa,  I  am  not  acqui 

witiiit. 


.  Empidodiaiies  fringillariB. 


67.  EMPIDOCHAirES.  217 

c.  Ad.  ak.  Santa  Catarina,  Brazil  Sclater  Coll. 

{Bogers), 

a.  Ad.  fik.  Santa  Oatiuina,  Brazil  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Rogers), 

e.  Ad.  8k.  Brazil  Sclater  Coll. 

y.  Ad.  ak.  S.  America.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

3.  EmpidocliaiLes  arenaceus. 

Empidochanes  oliyus,  Scl,  Oat.  A,  B.  p.  228  j  Scl.  et  Salv,  NomencL 

p.  61. 
OchthoBca  arenacea,  Scl  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  20. 
Empidochanes  arenaceus,  Scl.  Ibis,  1887,  p.  00. 
Empidochanes  vireoninus,  Ridgw.  Ibis,  1880,  p.  401. 
Tyrannuk  trailli,  Jard.  Ann.  N.  11.  xx.  p.  ;530  (1847)  (Tobago). 

Above  brown;  line  in  front  of  the  eyos  and  indistinct  supor- 
ciliaries  whitish ;  wings  and  tail  dark  cinereous  brown ;  tips  of 
both  series  of  wing-coverts,  forming  two  transverse  bands,  and 
outer  margins  of  secondaries  pale  ochraceons :  beneath  pale  ashy 
brown,  lighter  on  the  throat;  belly  pale  yellowish  white;  under 
wing-coverts  white;  inner  margins  of  wing-feathers  pale  ochra- 
oeous ;  bill  dark  horn-colour ;  feet  brown  :  whole  length  5-5  inches, 
wing  2-7,  tail  2*7.     Female  similar. 

Uah.  Colombia,  Venezuela,  and  Amazonia. 

This  form  differs  from  the  preceding  in  its  much  paler  colouring 
above,  there  being  much  less  rufous  tint  in  the  brown.  There  is 
also  less  of  the  yellowish  tinge  on  the  belly.  But  the  two  species 
are  undoubtedly  very  closely  allied,  and  in  some  cases  hardly  to  bo 
distinguished. 

a.  Ad.  sk.         Bogota.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Typo  of  Ochthivca  arenacea.) 

b.  5  ad.  sk.       Yquitos,  Upper  Amazons  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

( imtehj). 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Mexiana,  Lower  Amazoas  (Wal-  Sclater  Coll. 

lace). 

<^.  c^  ad.  sk.      Mexiana,  Lower  Amazous  (  Wal-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

luce). 

e,  cJ  ad.  sk.       S.  Esteban,  Venezuela  (Goeriin/).  Sclater  Coll. 

/  Ad.  sk.  Toba^n)  (Kirk).  '  Sclater  C.)ll. 

g-k.  Ad.  sk.      Tobago  (Kirk).  .Jardine  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  S.  America.  Sclater  Coll. 

4.  Empidochanes  poecilarus. 

Empidochanes  poecilurus,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1802,  p.  112 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B. 
p.  300 ;  Pelz.  Orn.  Bras.  p.  1 10 ;  *S^7.  et  Salv.  Xomencl.  p.  51 ;  iid. 
P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  180  (Peru),  et  1879,  p.  515  (Antioquia)  ;  Tacz. 
P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  538,  et  1879,  p.  235;  id.  Orn.  Per.  ii.  p.  314. 

Above  cinereous,  wings  blackish;  tips  of  both  series  of  wing- 
coverts  and  outer  margins  of  external  secondaries  more  or  less 
ochraceous ;  tail  blackish,  greater  part  of  the  inner  webs  of  all  the 
rectrices  bright  rufous:  beneath  pale  huffy  rufous,  breast  and 
flanks  more  or  less  overrun  with  cinereous,  under  wing-coverts  and 


218  iTBAimroA. 

inner  margins  of  wiog-feathera  pale  bufiy  mfons;  bill  dark  browi 
feet  blackiali :  whole  length  5-2  inches,  wing  3,  tail  26.  Femi 
similar. 

Hab.  Colombia  and  Peru. 

Peruvian  specimeDS  of  this  apeciea  have  the  under  surface  rath 
darker  and  more  rufous,  and  the  red  colour  on  the  tail  mo 
extended. 

a.  Ad.  ek.  Bogota.  Sdater  Coll.    (Ty 

of  the  apecies.) 
e.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  0k.  Antioquia,  U.  S,  0.  i&ttmon).         Salvin-Qadman  Cc 

d.  ?  ad.  sk.  Tambillo,  Peru  (Stolzmann).  Sclater  dll. 

e.  Ad.  Bk.  OoanipalA,  Peru  (WhiUly).  SalTin-Oodman  C( 

6,  Empidochaitea  salmi,  sp.  no?. 
Empidochanes  poecilurus  P,  ^i»n,  Ibit,  1685,  p.  206. 

Above  dark  cinereona ;  winga  blackish,  with  slight  paler  edgir 
to  the  wing-coverts  and  external  secondaries ;  tail  blackish,  wi 
inner  webs  of  the  lateral  rectrices  aometimes  more  or  loss  ting 
■with  rufous:  beneath  pale  cinereous,  whitish  on  the  throat  a 
middle  of  the  belly ;  crissum  and  under  wing-coverts  oehraceoi; 
bill  blackish ;  feet  dark  brown :  whole  length  5-6  inches,  wing  2 
tail  2'6.     Female  similar. 

Hab.  Venezuela  and  British  Quiana. 

An  example  from  Caracas  (Levraud)  is  in  the  Paris  Museum. 

Mr.  Salvin  has  not  ventured  to  separate  this  form  from  £!.  pa 
lunu,  and  I  have  some  hesitation  in  doing  so.  One  of  the  specimi 
&om  Itornimii  bus  the  rut'ous  colour  well  developed  oq  the  ini 
ail-ftial,hera.  and  unQuestioiiablv  show! 


68.  MITRKPHAirBB.  219 

Key  to  the  Species, 

A.  Head  aliglitly  crested,  not  black;   outer 

web  of  outer  tail-feather  uniform. 

a.  Bellj  dark  chestnut-brown  like  the  breast.  1.  phaocercus,  p.  210. 

b,  SeUy  light  ochreous. 

a',  liiroat  uniform  with  breast : 

{larger;  greenish  above 2.  aurantiiventris,  p.  210. 
smaller;  not  greenish  above 3.  ochraceiventriSf  p.  220. 

b\  Throat  whitish 4.  capttaUs,  p.  220. 

B.  Head  not  crested,  black;  outer  web  of  outer 

tail-feather  white 6.  atriceps,  p.  220. 

1.  MitrepliaiLes  phsBocercus. 

Mitrephorus  pheeoeercus,  Sclater^  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  44  ;  id.  Ibis,  1850, 
p.  442,  pi.  14.  fig.  2 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  228 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Ibis,  1860, 
p.  122;  iid.  Noviencl.  p.  51. 

Mitrephanes  phaeocercus,  Coiies,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  CI.  vii.  p.  65. 

Above  dusky  olive,  front  and  sides  of  head  rufous ;  crest  darker, 
wings  and  tail  blackish  brown,  tips  of  wing-coverts,  forming  two 
bands,  and  outer  margins  of  external  secondaries  ochreous :  beneath 
dark  chestnut-brown,  middle  of  belly  and  crissura  yellowish  ;  under 
wing-coverts  like  the  breast ;  upper  mandible  dark,  lower  whitish ; 
feet  horn-colour  :  whole  length  4-8  inches,  wing  2'(),  tail  2-4.  Female 
similar. 

Eab.  Southern  Mexico  and  Guatemala. 

a,  b.  Ad.  St.  Mexico.  Purchased. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Cordova,  Mexico  (Salle).  Sclater  Coll.      (Type 

of  the  species.) 

(L  Ad.  sk.  Presidio,  Mexico  (Forrer).  Sulvin-Godman  Coll. 

e,f,  cJjr.sk.  Ciudad  Durango,  Mexico  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

et  ad.  sk.  (Forrer). 

g.  Ad.  sk.  Jalapa,  Mexico  (IliUjp).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

K  S  ad.sk.  Oaxaca,  W.  Mexico  (i'V/zoc/i/o).  Sjdvin-Godman  Coll. 

».   cJ  ad.  sk.  Mexico.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

j.  Ad.  sk.  Cohan,  Vera  Paz  (Sali'i7i).  Sclater  Coll. 

k.  Ad.  sk.  Vera  l*az.  0.  Sah  iu,  Esq.  [P.]. 

/,  m.   cJ  ftd.  sk.        Calderas,  Volcan  de  Fuego  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Guatemala  (Salvifi). 

n,o,  (S  2  ^'  8^'      Volcan  de  Fuego,  Guatemala  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Salvin). 

p.  Ad.  sk.  Guatemala.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

2.  Mitrephanes  aurantiiventris. 

Mitrephorus  aurantiiventris,  Laicrence,  Ann,  L,  N.  Y,  viii.  p.  173 
(Costa  Rica) ;  Boucard,  I\  Z.  S,  1878,  p.  64. 

Above  olive-green,  head  slightly  crested,  rather  darker,  and 
rnfescent  on  the  lores  and  cheeks ;  wings  and  tail  blackish ;  wing- 
coverts  tipped,  and  external  secondaries  edged  with  ochreous  or 
whitish :  beneath  chestnut-brown,  passing  into  ochraceous  yeUow  on 


220  TTBASJUDX. 

the  belly ;  under  wing-OTerts  like  the  breast ;  upper  ma 
dark,  lower  yellowish ;  feet  dark  faom-colour :  whole  leogt 
inches,  wing  2*6,  toil  2'3.     Female  aimilar, 

Hab.  Coata  Rioa  and  Veragua. 

This  is  a  closely  allied  southern  representative  of  M.  phcro 
differing  in  the  more  greenish  back,  less  rnfous  head,  and  yel 
beUy. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Tucurnqui,  Costa  R[(»{Arcf).  SalTin-Oodma 

6,  c.  Ad.  sk.  Irazu,  Costo  Rica  {Soger»).  Salvin-Qodma 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Irazu,  Costa  Rica  (Jtogert).  Sclster  Coll. 

e.  S  Ad.  sk.  BarraDca,  Costa  Rica  {Car-  Solrin-Godma 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Costa  Rica  (Arte).  Sclater  Coll. 

ff-i.  Jr.  sk.  Calobre,  Veragua  (Arcf).  Salvin-Godnia 

j.  Ad.ak.  Chitra,  Veragua  (Arc^).  Salvia -Godms 

h.  d  ad.  sk.  Volcan  de  Chiriqui  {Ard).         SaliiD-Godms 

/,  ni.  <^  ad.  sk.  Calovevora,  Veragua  (At^.  Salcin-GodiDa 
n.  e  ad. ;  c.  Ad.    Veragua  {Arci).  Sclater  CoU. 

sk. 

3,  ICitiepliaiies  ochracelTentris. 
Mitrepborus  ocbtaceiveDtris,    Cab.  J.  f.   0.   1873,  p.  320; 
P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  638  i  id.  Om.  Pfr.  ii.  p.  316. 

Like  At.  aurantiiventris,  but  smaller,  not  green  above,  and 
brighter  on  the  under  surface.     (Cabanis.) 
Hab.  Central  Peru. 
This  apedee  I  bare  not  yet  met  with. 

4.  MltrephaneB  capitalis. 
Myiobius  cajHtalLa,  Salvin,  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  683  (Costa 
■    I.  iyu,   .V,  y.iK   p.  !I4;  Fmiifz.  J./.  0.   181)1), 


69.  BMPiBoirAz.  221 

MiteqphaneB  atriceps,  Ridgw,  Pr,  U,  8,  N,  M.  vi.  p.  418 ;  id.  Ibis, 
18oi3i  p.  461. 

Above  foBCous  olive,  whole  head  deep  black ;  riog  round  the  eye 
white;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  wing-coverts  and  margins  of 
external  secondaries  slightly  edged  with  whitbh ;  outer  web  of 
cater  tail-feather  white  :  beneath  pale  cinereous  with  an  ochraceous 
tinge,  throat  and  middle  of  the  heUy  paler ;  under  wing-coverts  and 
inner  margins  of  the  wing-feathers  whitish  ;  upixjr  mandible  blackish, 
lower  whitish  ;  feet  black :  whole  length  4  inches,  wing  2*2,  tail  2. 
Female  similar. 

Hah.  Costa  Rica  and  Veragua. 

A  very  distinct  species,  easily  recognizable  by  its  black  head  and 
the  white  outer  web  of  the  external  pair  of  rectrices. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Irazu  district,  Costa  Kica  {Rogers).     Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

by  c.  Ad.  sk.      Southern  slope  of  the  Volcan  de     Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Chiriqui  (Arce).  (Types  of  the  species.) 

69.  EMPIDONAX. 

Type. 
Empidonax^  Cab.  J.f.  O.  1855,  p.  480 E.  pusillus. 


(t 


Tarsus  lengthened,  considerably  lonp^er  than  the  bill,  and  ex- 
ceeding the  middle  toe,  which  is  decidedly  longer  than  the  hind  toe. 
Tail  very  slightly  forked,  even  or  rounded,  a  little  shorter  only 
than  the  wings,  which  are  considerably  rounded ;  the  first  primary 
much  shorter  than  the  fourth.  Head  moderately  crested.  Colour 
olivaceous  above,  yellowish  beneath,  throat  generally  grey."  (N.  A. 
B.  ii.  p.  362.) 

In  this  and  the  succeeding  genera  I  have  followed  the  arrange- 
ment and  borrowed  the  words  of  the  Ornithologists  of  the  United 
States  as  closely  as  possible.  Tliey  have  had  much  better  oppor- 
tunities of  studying  these  difficult  birds,  and  I  am  quite  content  to 
follow  in  their  wake. 

Mr.  Ridgway  has  been  kind  enough  to  examine  for  me  and  correct 
the  determinations  of  the  whole  of  ray  series  of  the  genus  EmjndmicLv, 
and  I  have  kept  closely  to  his  views*. 

Empidonax  \a  most  abundant  in  North  and  Central  America,  but 
also  extends  through  South  America  to  Argentina. 

Key  to  the  Species. 

A.  Width  of  hill  at  nostrils  decidedly  greater 
than  half  the  length  of  the  exposed 
culmen. 

a.  Lower  surface  deep  buff 1.  fulvifronSy  p.  222. 

b.  Lower  surface  whitish  or  yellowish. 
a\  Upper  surface  umber-brown. 

a".  Flanks  and  crissum  bufi' 2.  albigularisy  p.  223. 


*  See  his  paper  on  EmpidoncLx,  Ibis,  1886,  p.  461. 


QS  TTKUHtlDA. 

b".  Flanks  and  crissum  whitish. 

I  Larger ;  browner  above 3.  binacuiatm,  p.  2: 

)  Smaller ;  more  oliTnceous  above. .     4.  oliva,  p.  224. 
6*.  Upper  Buifac«  olive,  olivo-greenish,  or 
greyish, 
c".  Lower  BurfJMe  not  diatinctly  yel- 
lowish. 
a\  First  quill  shorter  than  ninth  . .     5.  geiseipecta*,  p.  22 
6*.  First  quill  longer  than  seventh. 
a'.  Tail  even  or  slightly  rouaded ; 
Bizo  larger, 
a'.  Outer  web  of  outer  rectrii 


not  paler 
ftessoli' 


9solivaceouaabove,aQd 
less  yellowish  beneath     6,  pati&u,  p.  225. 
more   olivaceoua    above 
and    more   yellowish 

^    beneath 7.  troBli,  p.  226. 

6',  Outer  web  of  outer  rectrix 

abruptly  pale    8.  ridgmayi,  p.  227. 

6*.  Tail  slignUy  emarginate ;  size 

smaller  9.  minimM,  p.  227. 

c^.  ~S\cs,i  quill  equal  to  or  longer  than 

fifth    10.  acadicm,  p.  228. 

f.  Lower  surface  distinctly  yellowish. 

e*.  Under  wing-coveria  pale  buff   II.  diffieUit,  p.  329. 
d*.  Under  wiog-coverta  yellowish 

c",  Wing-banda  not  darker  than 

lower  smface    12.  Jtavwentrit,  p.  23( 

^-  Wing-bands    darker    than 
lower  surface. 

a".  Above  dull  olive    IS.  bairdi,  p.  230. 

v.  Above  bright  olive : 

"  'i  yel- 


69.   EMTIDOKAX.  223 

Mtrejkhorus  folvifroiiB,  var.  palleecens,  Baird,  Brew,  et  Bidgw.  N,  A, 

B.  li.  p.  886. 
Empidonax  fulvifrons  pallesceDS,  Bidgw.  P.  U.  S.  N.  M,  ill.  p.  218. 
Empidonax  pygmssus,  Coues^  Ibis,  1865,  p.  537  (ArizoDa). 
Empidonax  ralvifroiiB  pygmssos,  Bidgw*  Ibis,  1886,  p.  463 ;  id,  Man. 

N.  A.  B.  p.  845. 

Above  dnU  cinereous  brown,  with  a  slight  fulvous  tinge,  rather 
darker  on  the  head ;  front,  lores,  and  cheeks  fulvous ;  wings  blackish, 
tips  of  both  rows  of  coverts  and  outer  margins  of  external  secondaries 
pale  fulvous;  tail  dark  cinereous,  outer  web  of  external  rectrix 
whitish:  beneath  deep  ochraceous;  upper  mandible  dark,  lower 
whitish ;  feet  black :  whole  length  4*5  inches,  wing  2*5,  tail  2. 
Female  similar. 

Hah.  Mexico  and  Arizona. 

Mr.  Bidgway  separates  this  species  into  two  subspecies — M.  fut- 
vifrons  nibicuncltis^  from  Southern  Mexico,  and  ^J.  fiilvifrons  pyg- 
m<XM8,  from  North-western  Mexico  and  Arizona,  which  is  said  to  be 
smaller  and  paler  below;  but  the  differences  do  not  seem  to  bo 
material,  and  I  am  not  able  to  realize  them  in  the  specimens 
before  me. 

o,  h.  Ad.  sk.  Mexico.  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Mexico.  Salviu-Godman  ColL 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Mexico.  A.  Sall(5  [C.]. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  QuezalteDango,  Guatemala  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

{Scdvin). 
f.  Ad.  sk.  Dueiias,  Guatemala  {Salvin).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

2.  Empidonax  albignlaris. 


p. 
Empidonax  axillaris,  lUdyw.  N.  A.  B.  ii.  p.  iMj'^ ;  ISah.  IhiSj  1874, 
p.  309. 

Above  umber-brown  ;  wings  blackish,  tips  of  both  rows  of  wing- 
Coverts  and  outer  margins  of  external  secondaries  dull  brownish 
buff;  tail  dark  ashy  brown  :  beneath  pale  smoky  buff,  breast  ashy 
brown,  throat  white ;  under  wing-coverts  ochraceous  ;  upper  man- 
dible dark,  lower  whitish  :  whole  length  4-8  inches,  wing  2*3, 
tail  2*2.     Female  similar. 

Hah.  Mexico,  Guatemala,  and  Panama. 

This  is  a  very  distinct  species,  easily  recognized  by  its  white 
throat  and  brown  colour  above. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Orizaba,  Mexico  (Botterf).  Sclater  Coll. 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Cohan,  Vera  Paz  {Salvin).  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  cJ  a^d.  sk.  Duenas,  Guatemala  (Salvin).  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 


(Type  of  the  species.^ 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


d.  Ad.  sk.  Duenas,  Guatemala  (Salvin). 

fff'  6  ad.  sk.      Duenas,  Guatemala  (Fraser).  Sclater  Coll. 

g.  $  ad.  sk.         Panama  (McLeannan),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


3.  Empidonax  bimacnlatns. 
Musdpela  bimacukta,  (FOrb.  el  Lafr.  Si/n.  Av.  i,  p.  48  (1837);  il'Or', 

Toy..  Oig.  p,  ai». 
EmpidoBiu  biiuaculatua,  &l.  Ibi*,  1S67,  p.  05;  Scl.  et  Hudt.  Aty. 

Om.  i.  p.  155. 
Empidochanes  fiisaalua,  M,  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  61 ;  Hii,  P.  Z.  8. 

1667,  p.  i)78,  et  1872,  p.  1'81  (E.  Peni). 
Eiiipidochanes  eulori.  Cab.  J./.  O.  1868,  p.  195  ;    Eetnh.  f^lef. 

Camp.  Bros.  p.  142. 
Empidonax  brunneus,  Rldjfw.  N.  A.  B.  ii.  p.  U63  (1874);  id.  Ibi*, 

im,  pp.  460, 463. 
EmpidoDu  bnuiDescens,  Salrin,  Iha,  1674,  p.  .10(1, 
Eiiipidoclittnes  argentinus,  Cab.  J.f.  0. 1868,  p,  U)6  (?). 

Above  umber-brown,  more  or  less  riifcscent ;  lores  with  a  whitish 
spot ;  wings  blackjsb,  all  the  covrrta  broadly  tipped  with  pnle  rufoiis 
or  ochreouB,  forming  two  transverse  bare;  outer morgins of oxternnl 
secondaries  of  tbo  same  colour ;  tail  brown,  like  the  back,  but  not 
rufeaccnt :  beneath  dirty  cinereous  whit«,  throat  and  belly  lighter, 
and  with  u  more  or  less  pronounced  yellowish  tinge ;  under  wing- 
covcrts  and  inner  margins  of  wing-feathers  ochraceous  ;  upper  man- 
dible dark  brown,  lower  wbitisti ;  feet  pole  brovra:  whole  length 
5  inches,  wing  2'6,  tail  2'4. 

Hab.  South-east  Brazil,  Bolivia,  and  north  of  ArgenlinB  He- 
publio. 

The  types  of  E.  brmmeits,  Ridgway,  which  have  been  kindly  sent 
to  me  for  examination,  belong  te  the  smaller  form  from  the  Argen- 
tine Republic,  which  Cabanis  bos  ciiUod  E.  ariieittinus.  But  1  do 
not  see  much  ground  for  their  specific  separation.  The  typo  of 
d'Orbigny's  M.  bimaeulaUt  agrees  with  the  larger  Brazilian  form. 

In  eccurdauco  with  Mr.  Itidgway's  views,  I  place  this  species  in 
the  genns  Rmpidona.v ;  but  it  is  so  like  Empidochanes  fritySlafix, 
that.  1  ura  still  not  ijuite  eonWuced  that  thin  b  its  correct  position. 
The  shorter  tarsi  and  white  under  mnndiblo  of  the  present  bird 
are  the  chief  points  which  distinguish  the  two  specieB. 


a,  b.  Ad.  sk. 
e.  Ad.  sk. 

A  rf  ad.  sk. 
r.  S  sd.  sk. 
/.  rf  ad.  8k. 

y,  h.  Ad.  ak. 
1,  Ad.  ak. 
;.  d  ad,  sk. 


Bahis,  \iiM\\(Wuchfrer). 
Rio,  Unwil  {Lund). 
Cutytiba,  Bmril  (AnWertr). 
Sso  I*aolo,  Bnail  (Jimier). 
Rio  Oraiide  do  Sut,  Sraiil 
{Joyner). 

Vvbra,  Peru  (Uatutcell). 


Salvin-Oodinan  Cull. 
Sclaler  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godniaii  CoU. 
Solvin-OodiuBn  ColL 

Sclater  Coll. 
J.  Gould,  Esq. 
Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 


4.  Empidonax  oliva. 

Oobe-moucbe  olive  de  C'sjeimo,  l)auh.  I'l.  Eiil.  074.  f 
MiiBcicapa  oUtb,  BrM.  Table  d.  PI.  Enl.  p.  34, 
MuEcicapn  luitis,  Gm.  S.  If.  i.  p.  048. 
Myiobius  Dguis,  Bp.  Cong),  i.  p.  188. 


69.   KMPID09AX.  225 

Empidochanes  oHyob,  ScL  et  Salv,  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  678  (Lower 

Amazons),  et  1868,  p.  628  (Venezuela) ;  iid.  Nomencl.  p.  51. 
Empidonax  oliva,  Sdater,  IbiSj  1887,  p.  65. 
Empidochanes  altiiostris,  Cab,  J,f,  0, 1868,  p.  196  (Cartagena)  P 

Above  brown,  with  an  olivaceous  tinge  ;  a  slightly  lighter  loral 
spot ;  wings  blackish,  with  the  tips  of  the  coverts  and  outer  edges 
of  the  external  secondaries  pale  rufous  or  ochraceous ;  tail  ashj 
brown :  beneath  pale  ashy  white,  lighter  on  the  throat,  and  with  a 
strong  yellowish  tinge  on  the  belly ;  upper  mandible  dark  brown, 
lower  whitish ;  feet  pale  brown  :  whole  length  4*7  inches,  wing  2*5, 
tafl  2-3. 

Hah.  Gniana,  Venezuela,  and  Amazonia. 

This  is  a  Northern  form  of  E,  bimaculattis,  distinguished  by  its 
slightly  smaller  size,  less  rufescent  tinge  above,  and  more  yellowish 
ooloar  beneath.  It  is,  perhaps,  doubtful  whether  it  is  really  entitled 
to  the  name  oliva  (based  upon  PL  Enl.  57-4.  fig.  2),  but  that  name 
has  traditionally  descended  to  one  of  this  group  of  birds,  and  may 
be  assigned  with  more  probability  to  this  species  than  to  any  other. 
I  do  not  like  to  use  the  name  altirostris  of  Cabauis  for  it  without 
being  able  to  examine  the  type. 

a.  Ad.  ak.  Guiana.  Sclatcr  OoU. 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Venezuela  (Ooerinf/).  SclaUT  Coll. 

c.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Yquitos,  Upper  Amazons  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

{Batileff). 

d.  Jr.  sk.  Trinidad.  Zool.  See.  Coll. 

5.  Empidonax  griseipectus. 

Empidonax ?,  Scl  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  220,  sp.  1405. 

Empidonax  griseipectus,  Later.  Ann.  L.  N.  Y.  ix.  p.  236  (Tuna  Is.) ; 
Scl.  et  Salv.  Noinencl.  p.  52 ;  Rid(/w.  N.  A.  B.u.yi.  .305  ;  id.  Ibis, 
1886,  p.  464 ;  Berl.  et  Tacz.  P.  Z\  S.  1883,  p.  558  (W.  Ecuador). 

First  quill  shorter  than  the  ninth  :  above  deep  olive,  the  hind 
neck  more  greyish,  and  top  of  head  dull  slaty ;  wing-bauds  very 
sharply  defined,  dull  white  or  very  pale  olive-greyish,  in  conspicuous 
contrast  with  the  blackish  general  colour  of  the  wings ;  lower  parts 
greyish  white,  shaded  with  dull  greyish  across  the  breast,  and  tinged 
with  pale  sulphur-yellow  :  whole  length  4*5  inches,  wing  2*33,  tail 
2*3.     Female  similar,  but  slightly  smaller. 

Hah.  Ecuador. 

Ofh,  cJ  2  ad.  sk.  Babahoyo,  Ecuador  (Fraser).  Sclater  Coll. 

6.  Empidonax  pusillus. 

Tyrannula  pusilla,  Sw.  et  Rich.  Faun,  Bor.-Am.  ii.  p.  144,  pi,  46. 

Platyrhyncnus  pusillus,  Sw.  Phil.  Mag,  1827,  p.  36o. 

Empidonax  pusiUus,  Baird^  B.  N.  Am,  p.  194 ;  Cab,  J,  f,  0. 1855, 

p.  480  (Cuba)  ;  Sdater,  Ibis,  1859,  p.  441 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  229 ; 

Cab.  et  Mein,Mus.  Hein.  ii. p. 70;  Gundl,  J.f,  0, 1861,  p.410  (Cuba), 

et  1871,  p.  286  (Cuba)  ;  BlaMUon^  Ibis,  1862,  p.  4,  et  1863,  p.  58 ; 

VOL.ZIV.  a 


Brwm,  Ibit,  1868,  p.  430  (VaocouTer  Is^ ;  EiilffU).  P.  U.  S.  N.  M. 
i,  p.  425  {C.  California),  et  vi.  p.  384  (Nicwagua);  id.  Iba,  1880, 
p.  464;  id.  Man.  N.  A.  J?,  p.  343;  Breieer,  P.  U.S.  A'.  .W.  U. 
p.  3 ;  Sartl  J.  /.  0. 1883,  p.  267  (Alaskn) ;  Baird,  Brew,  rt  Ridgic. 
B.  N.  A.  ii,  p.  306;  Cpuu,  Ety  N.  A.  B.  1884,  p.  442. 

Above  olive,  usually  decidedly  greyer  on  hend :  wing-bandB  in 
adult  varying  from  dull  brownish  groy  or  greyish  brown  to  nearly 
white  J  in  yonng  doop  bufF  or  ochraceoas ;  lower  parts  whit«,  tinged 
posteriorly  with  eulpliur-yoUow,  and  shiided  on  sidea  of  breast  with 
olive-greyish :  whole  length  5  inches,  wing  2-7,  tail  2-5.  Female 
similar  but  rather  smaller. 

Uah.  Western  North  America  (in  summer)  and  south  to  Mexico. 

a.  Ad.  sk. 
ft.  Ad.  Bk. 
e.  Ad.  sk. 


irtah,  U.  8.  A.  (Jtidfftcav). 
Ulali,  U.  S.  A.  (E.  W.  Nfltan). 
Fort  Sleilacoom,  U.S.  A. 

iBaird). 
Fort  Yuma,  Cal. 
Brit.  Columbia  {J.  K.  Lord). 


Sftlvin-Oodman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll, 
Sclaler  Coll. 

H.K.Coak-.Esq.[P.]. 

N.  A.  Bound.  Coram. 

J.  K.'Lord  [CJ. 

N.  A.  Hound. Conim, 

[V.l 
A,  Mmmy  [C.l. 
Dr.  J,  Rae  [Cl. 


7.  Empidonaz  trailli. 
Muscicapa  tnullii,  Aud.  Om.  Biogr.  i.  p.  230;  id.  B.  Ata.  i.  p,  334, 

pi.  65. 
Empidonax  truillii,  Baird,  B.  A'.  Am.  p,  lO^t;  Oib.  rl  Bein,  Mm. 

Bein.  ii.  p.  70 ;  *;.  Cal.  A.  fl.  p.  220 ;  Lawr.  Ann.  Li/f.  A"-  I'. 

viii.  pp.  e,  290,  et  ii.  p.  114  I'Costa  Rica)  et  p.  Wl  (Vucatan); 

BlaMston,  Ibis,  1863,  p.  58 :  Draper.  Ibi»,  1886,  p.  474  (Tenia) ; 

fVonti.././.  0.1800,  p.  808  (Costa  Rica);  Brmer,  F.  U.S.  S.  31. 

ii.p.4 ;  Boward,  'P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p,  448( Yucatan);  Nthrlivff.J.f.  O. 

laeS,  p.  1)2  (lllinoiii) :   Coura,  Kej,  N.  A.  S.  1^14,  p.  441. 
Empidonax  punllus,  vnr.  Imillii,  Baird,  Brew.  et.  RiA/v.  N.  A.  B. 

ii.  p.  300;  RidnK.  Am.  Zw.  If.  Y.  x.  p.  376  (lUinois) ;  id.  Ibig, 

1880,  p.  404 ;  id.  Man.  Jf.  A.  B.  p.  343 ;  Mtrrm,  P.  U.S.  A:  M. 

I  y,  137  (TcxflB) ;  NeMiug.  J./.  O.  1883,  p.  02  (UlinoiB). 
EDipidirnfui  tmllii,  var.  ptimllus,  Bnithaw,  Ann.  Lye.  JV.  I",  li.  p.  8 

(Utah). 


Similar  t  o  E.  pitsill«»,  but  more 
more  distinctly  tinged  with  yello'' 
broader,  and  the  tarsus  abort er. 

Bab,  Eastern  North  America  (ii 
and  Western  Ecuador. 


decidedly  oliv.iceouB  above  and 
beneath ;  the  bill  shorter  and 


summer),  and  south  to  Panama 


N.  America. 

Pembina,  U.  a  A.  (Coufk). 

Washington,  D.  C.  {Pnine) 

U.  S.  A.  (Bmrd). 

U,  S,  A.  (BeiD. 


Sir  J.  Richardson  [P,]. 
Salvm-Oodman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  CoU, 
SclaterColl, 
Sclater  Coll. 


69.   KMPTDOHAX  227 

iLAd.8k.^  TehuantepeC;  Mexico  {Sumi-  SalYin-Godman  OolL 

ckrast). 

t.  c^  ad.  ak.  San  Josd,  Guatemala  {Salvin),  Salvin-Godman  Ooll. 

J-l.  <f  ad.  flk.  Panama  (McLeannan).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

m.  Ad.  ak.  Panama  (McLeannan),  Sclater  CoU. 

n,  o.  c^  ad.  ak.        Zamora,  Ecuador  (JPraser),  Sclater  Coll. 

8.  Empidonaz  ridgwayi. 

Empidonax  ridj^ayi,  Scl  P.  Z.  S.  1887,  p.  50. 

Above  dark  olive-green,  lores  and  rim  round  the  eye  whitish ; 
wings  slaty  black,  tips  of  both  rows  of  wing-coverts  and  outer  mar- 
gins of  external  secondaries  whitish,  slightly  tinged  with  ochraceous  ; 
tail  alaty  black ;  outer  web  of  external  rectrix  whitish  :  beneath 
dirty  white,  clearer  in  the  middle  of  the  throat ;  lower  belly  and 
crisanm  tinged  with  yellowish ;  under  wing-coverts  white  ;  upper 
mandible  dark  horn-colour,  lower  whitish ;  feet  black :  whole  length 
5  inches,  wing  2*7,  tail  2* 3. 

Hah.  Int.  of  Colombia. 

like  E.  trailli  in  colour,  but  with  the  outer  web  of  the  external 
rectrix  white,  as  in  E,  obscurus. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll.     (T^'po  of  the  species.) 

9.  Empidonax  minimus. 

Tyrannula  minima,  W.  M.  et  S.  F.   Bairdy  Proc.  Acad.  Philad.  i. 

p.  2^  (1843) ;  Aud.  B.  Am.  viii.  p.  2l>0,  pi.  41)1. 
Empidonax  minimus,  Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  li)5 ;  Svlaterj  P.  Z.  S, 

1859,  p.  384 ;  id.  Ibis,  IS'/J,  p.  441  :  id.  Vat.  A.  B.  p.  2l^J  ;  8dat, 

et  Salv.  Ibis,  1859,  p.  122 ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  H:i7  (Ilouduras) ; 

iid.  Noinencl.  p.  52;  Blakisfon,  Pns,  Is^;;},  p.  58 ;  Dratser,  Ibis, 

1805,  p.  474  (lexas) ;  Bairdj  IJrcw.  H  Ridt/tr.  X.  A.  B.  ii.  p.  372; 

Later.  Ann.  Li/c.  iV.  Y.  viii.p.  2iK)  (New  York) :  Bid(/ir.  Ann.  Lye. 

N,  Y.  X.  p^  370  (Illinois) ;  id.  Ibis,  1S60,  p.  4(;5  ;  id.  Man.  \.  A.  B. 

p.  34t3 ;   Jinnrst.  Ann.  Life.  X.   Y.  xi.  p.  1 J3  (West  Viiyinia) ; 

Bretcer,  P.  U.S.  X.  M.  ii.  p.  5  (e^'^jjrs);  Merrill,  P.  U.S.  X.  M.  i. 

p.  137  (Texas) ;   Cones,  Key  X.  A.  B.  1884,  ]).  442;  Taez.  P.  Z.  S. 

1879,  p.  2.'i5 ;  id.  Orn.  Per.  ii.  p.  315  (: ) ;   lioueard,  P.  Z.  S.  1883, 

?.  448  (Yucatan) ;  Xehrlint;,  J.  f.  ().  Is.sJ,  p.  92  (Illinois; ;  Turner, 
\  U.S.  X.  M.  viii.  p.  242  (Labrador). 
Empidonax  pectoralis,  Later.  Ami.  Lye.  X.  Y.  viii.  p.  402  (Panama). 
Empidonax  minimus,  var.  pectoralis,  Ridgw.  X.  A.  B.  ii.  p.  364. 
Empidonax  gracilis,  iJtV/^t^'.  Pr.  Biol.  Soe.  Wash.  iii.  p.  23  (1886);  id, 
P.  U.S.  N.  M.  viii.  p.  671  (Cozumel). 

Hardly  distingnishable  in  colour  from  E,  pusillus  and  E.  trailU, 
but  tail  slightly  forked,  and  much  smaller  in  size :  whole  length 
4*6  inches,  wing  2*4,  tail  2'1.     Female  similar. 

Hah.  Eastern  North  America,  and  southwards  in  winter  to 
Panama  and  (perhaps)  Peru. 

a.  Ad.  St.  North  America.  Sir  J.  Richardson  [P.]. 

6,  c.  Ad.  ak.  Fort  Dufferin.  N.  A.  Bound.  Conmi. 

[P.]. 

a2 


228 

rrRANNn».B.                          ^^^^^^^H 

rf.fi.  tf  5  ad.  Bb 
/.  Ad,  i. 

.     Pembina,  U.S.  A.  (CoBw).         Sal vin-Godman  Coll. 

Fortj-ninth  Paralle!.                  N.  A.  Bouod.  Comm. 

g-i.  Ad.  sk. 

Fort  Simpson.                            B.^.  Koas  [C.l. 
niinois,  0,  S,  A.  (C«.fc).            Sclstor  Coll. 

J-fl.    Ad.  Bk. 

o-j.  Ad.  St. 

Michigan.                                  Prof,  Steere  [P.], 

r.  $  ad.  sk. 

Pennsylvania  {B^W).                  Sclater  C^U. 

».  Ad.  sk. 

(.     Ad.Bk. 

U.  8.  A.                                      Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

w.  Ad.ak. 

Orizabn,  Meijoo  (Sot/erti.         Sclaler  Coll. 

..,     Ad.  Bk, 

Mexico  {BoHcard).                     Sclster  CoU. 

«..  Ad,  8k, 

Nortbern  Yucatan  (DnU).         Salrin-Godman  Coll. 

J-I.    Ad.  Bk, 

Northem  Yucatan  {Qaamer).     Solvin-Oodnian  Coll. 

a'-e.  Ad,  sk. 

Coiumel  I.,  Yucatan (0«umer).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

S,k:  Ad.Bk. 

Mu^rea  I.,  Yucatan  (Gnu-       Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

/-.  P  ad.  Bk. 

Jolbox'l.,YuoatBn  (Oimmer).    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

m'.  2  ad.  sk. 

Belize,  Honduras  (Salmn).         Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sources  of  Rio  de  la  I'aaion,       Salrin-Godman  CoU. 

W.  Jr.  sk. 

Guatemala  (Saicm). 

o'.  Ad.  ak. 

Ohisee,  Vera  Paa  {Salam).          Salvin-Godioan  Ooll. 

p',  y".  Ad.  sk. 
r",  i.  Ad,  sk. 

Cobsn,  Vera  Paz  ISalvin).           Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Coban,  Vera  Pai  (Salvin).           Scktcr  Coll. 

(',  «'.  (J  9  nd.sk.    Duenae,  GuateiuiUa  (Sali-in).     Salvin-Godmau  OolL           ■ 

v\  Ad.sk. 

Duenas,  Guatemala  (JVdwr).     Sclater  Coll, 
Calderas,  Volcan  de  Puego,       Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

to:  tj  ad.  ak. 

Guatemala  (SiWn). 

I',  Ad.  flk. 

Pine   Forest,   Volcan   de            Salvin-Godman  Coll, 

Fuego,  Guatemala  (Sabiin). 

i-'.  Ad.  ak. 

Guatemala  (Soil-in  ^Oorfwuin),    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

I-.  Ad.ak. 

o".  Ad.  ak. 

Panama  (Mclymtnat,).              Salvin-Codmaa  CoU. 

6"..!".  Ad,sk 

Paonma  (HfeZeannan).               Sclatel  CoU. 

10.  Empidonaz  acadicns. 

Muscicai>a 

acadica,  Gm.  S  !f.  i.v.  947  ;  Lali>.  I«d.  Om.  ii.  p.  480. 
quenila.   Will.  Am.  Oni.  ii.  p.  77,  pi.  13.  liir.  3. 

HuBcicdpa 

Empidonas  ftcadicufl,  Baird,  B.  If.  ^m.p.  10?;  Cai.  et  Jlein.  Mui.          ■ 

Bfin.  u 

11,  70  i  Lawr.  Ann.  Lye.  K  T.  vii.  p.  366  (Cuba),  et  viil           ■ 
Oundl.  J.f.  0.  imi,  p.  328, 1862,  p.  188,  et  187^  p,  437          ■ 

^_                         p.  200; 

Sd.  CM.  A.  B.  p.  320  i  Dremr,  Ibi»,  1865,  p.  475  (Texas) :           ■ 
alv.  NofneTtd.  p.  B2 1  fiitftfw.  Am.  Lye.  N.  Y.x.  p.  376  (Illi-           ■ 

^^^P                     nois) ;  I'rf.  IbU,  Itm, p:466 ;  hJ.  J»<m.  M ^.  :&.  p.  »42;  ffaird,  Brew.         M 
^^■^                     e(  Hidgte.  A",  ^.  S.  ii.  p.  374 ;  Mvrill,  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  i,  p.  187         ■ 

■                                 p.  01  (TI 

Brtictr.  P.  U.^.  Jf.  M.  U.  p,  5  j  N^rlmo,  J.  /.  0.  1S83.          ■ 
linois):  flertrf  Tm.  P.Z.S.  1883,p.568(W.Ecuadorl;           ■ 

■                                  CowM,  A>i/A'.'i..fi.  1864,  p,  441.                                                            ■ 

■^^^                   Empidonn 

ilMirdi,  law.  Ann.  L.  N.  7.  vu.  p.  327  (Panama).                   ■ 

^^^H                     Enipidona 

^^^^H                     Sci.  ft  Sale.  NotiKnci.  p.  Si.                                                                     ■ 

^^^^H                  Empidoca. 

^^^f 

p.306.      '                                                                                  I 

V                          First  quUl  usually  equal  to,  or  longer  than,  fifth  ;  above  uniform          1 

1           „_„.^......„„.^_,    J 

^^^^^^^^^H 

69.   EMPIDONAX.  229 

lower  parts  white,  more  or  less  tinged  with  solphnr-yellow  pos- 
teriorly, and  (usually  very  faiatly)  shaded  across  the  breast  with 
oliye  or  greyish :  whole  leogth  5  inches,  wing  2*8,  tail  2*3.  Female 
similar,  but  smaller. 

Hah.  Eastern  North  America  and  South  through  Mexico  and 
Central  America  to  Western  Ecuador. 

€1.  Ad.  sk.  North  America.  Sir   J.    Richardson 

fp.]. 

6,  c   $  ad.  sk.  niinois,  U.  S.  A.  (Coale).  Sclater  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  NewYork,U.  S.A.(Xai(?re;w?e).'  Sclater  Coll. 

«.  $  ad.  sk.  Washington,  D.C.  {RidgwayX     Salvin-Godman  OoU. 

f.  Ad.  sk.  Washington,  D.C.  {Drexler).      Salvin-Godman  OoD. 

g.  Ad.  sk.  U.  S.  A.  (Baird).  Sclater  Coll. 

W.  Ad.  sk.  Ruatan  I.,  Bay  of  Honduras  Salvin-Godman  OoU. 

{Oaumer). 

m.  Ad.  sk.  Costa  Rica  {Endrh).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

n,  o.  c^  ad.  sk.         Esmeraldas,  Ecuador  (i^rflw^r).  Sclater  Coll. 


11.  Empidonax  difflcilis. 

Empidonax  difficilis,  Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  198;  Scl.  Cat  A.  B, 
p.  230;  Ridffw,  P.  U.S.  K  M.  i.  p.  425  (C.  California),  v.  p.  631, 
et  vi.  p.  348  (Lower  California) ;  id.  Ihisy  1880,  p.  466;  id.  Man, 
N.  A.  B.  p.  340 ;  Brexcer^  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  ii.  p.  2 ;  Beauy  P.  U.S. 
N.  M.  V.  p.  161  (Alaska). 

Empidonax  flaviventris,  var.  difficilis,  Baird,  Breio.  et  Bidr/w.  N.  A.  B. 
ii.  p.  380;  Ilenshato,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  xi.  p.  8  (Utah);  CoueSj  Key 
N.  A.  B.  1884,  p.  442. 

Under  wing-coverts  pale  buff,  deepening  into  dull  ochraceous  on 
edge  of  wing  ;  above  dull  greyish  olive  (more  brownish  in  winter), 
the  wing-bands  dull  light  buffy  greyish  (more  buflfy  in  winter) ; 
lower  parts  dull  pale  yellowish,  inclining  to  pale  sulphur-yellow  on 
belly  and  lower  tail-coverts,  and  shaded  with  dull  greyish  brown 
across  breast :  whole  length  4-8  inches,  wing  2-6,  tail  2-3.     Female 

similar. 

Hah.  Western  North  America  and  Western  Ecuador. 

This  seems  to  be  the  Western  form  of  Fj.  flaviventris,  and  to  be 
very  closely  allied  to  that  species. 

a.  S  ad.  sk.    Orcas  Island,  N.W.  America.  Dr.  Lyall  [C.]. 

b.  2  ftd.  sk.     Saturn  Island,  N.W.  America.  Dr.  Lyall  rC.J. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Vancouver  Island.  Salvin-Godman  OoU. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  California  (Bridges).  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  cJ  jr.  sk.  Kemville,  Califorma  (Henshaw).  R.  B.  Sharpe  [P.]. 
/.  Ad.  sk.  Mazatlan,  W.  Mexico.  Sclater  Coll. 

ff.  cJ  ad. ;       Mazatlan  (Forrer).  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

h.  Ad.  sk. 

f.  ?  ad.  sk.     Plains    of    Colima,    W.    Mexico     Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Xanttis). 
j.  S  ftd.  sk.     Presid'o,  Mexico  (Forrer).  Salvin-Godman  OolL 

k.  Ad.  sk.       Tres  Marias  Is.,  W.  Mexico  (Forrer),    Salvin-Godman  OoD, 


Above  bright  greenieh  olive  (varying  to  tawny  olive),  the  wing- 
banda  more  ochraeeous  :  lower  ports  bright  sitlphur-yellow,  faintly 
shaded  scroaa  breast  with  tawny  oUvo  ;  edge  of  wing  varj'ing  from 
light  saHron-yellow  to  deep  ochraeeous  buff;  whole  length  5  inches, 
wiiig  2-6,  tail  2-3.     Female  similar. 

Nab,  CoBta  Rica  and  Veragua, 

A  smaller  Bonthem  form  of  E.  laltiin!,  but  much  darker  on  the 
breast. 

B.  Ad.  Bk,  Costa  Rica  {Rogm).  Sclater  Coll. 

6.  Ad.  Bk,  Costa  Kica  {Boucarit).  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  bL  Iranu,  Coata  Rica  (Roffti's).  Sslvin-Godman  Coll, 

Ae.  (f  $  ad.  fik.  Dotn,  Costa  Itica  (Carmtoi).  Salvin-Godman  CoU- 

f.  Ad.  sk.  Costa  lUca.  Pmiihased. 

il,h.  d  2  "d.  sk.  Southern  slope,  Volcan  de  Chi-  SolviD-Oodman  Coll. 
riqm  (Arci). 

i.  Ad.  sk.  Ohinqui  (-Jrcrf).  Sclater  CoU. 

J,  Ad.  ak.  CalovBVora,  Verngua  {AreS).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


IG.  Empidonax  hanuttondL 
Tyrannula  hammondii,  DrVeseu,  Proe,  Aead.  Philnd.  1858,  p,  117. 
Empidona*  hammondii,  Batrd,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  199  [  -SW.  Cat.  A.  B. 
p,   230  ;  Baird,   Brew,  rt  Ridffto.   N.  A.  h.  ii.  p.  383  j  BeruAaai, 
Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  xi.  p.  8  (Utah) ;  Ridqv<.  P.  U.S.  JV.  jVf,  i.  p.  420 
n  f.ift — ;„i.  .J   ^  p""  -   '■"•     -■-'   "-      .'    .    ..       .... 


1880,  p.  467  ;  id.  Man.  N.  A. 
Brewrr,  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  iL  p.  ]  (eggs)  ;   Coues,  Key  N.  A.  /f,  1884, 


(C.  Cnhf. 
p.  443. 


Above  olive,  usually  more  groj-ish  anteriorly,  especially  on  hind 
neck ;  wing-bands  dull  light  olivo-greyiah ;  lower  parta  varying 
from  dull  greyish  white,  faintly  tinged  poateriorly  with  aulphur- 
yellow,  to  decided  olivo-yellowish.  the  breast  always  strongly  shaded 
with  olive  or  olive-greyish,  the  throat  never  distinctly  whitish: 
whole  length  4'8  inches,  wing  2'7,  tail  2'3. 

Hah,  Western  North  America. 


.  Ad.  sk. 


N.  America  (E^tmerUj). 


Sclater  Coll. 


17.  Empidonax  obBcnrns. 
Tyrannula  obacura,  Sw.  Phil.  Mag.  1827,  i.  p.  367. 
KnipidoDHX  obscuruB,  Baird,  B.  JV.  Am,  p.  200;  Sdattr,  P.  Z.  S. 

\m,  p.  19  (Mexico) ;  id.  Cat.  A.  5.  p.  230 ;  Sd.et  Salr.  Nommet. 

p,  52 ;  HfBKhoK,  Ann.  Lyr.  N.  Y.  xi.  p.  8  (Utah) :  Baird,  Brew. 

et  Bidffw.  N.  A.  S.  u.  p,  381 ;  SidfftP.  P.  U.S.  iV.  M.  i.  p.  436 

(California) ;  id.  Ihui,  1886,  p.  468 ;  id.  Man.  JV.  A.  B.  p.  344 ; 

BrnCfT,  P.    U.S.  A'.  Jlf.  ii.  p.   1   (egga) ;  Coues,  Key  N.  A.  S. 

1884,  p.  443. 
Empidonai  fulvipectus,  Zawr.  Ann.  lye.  JV.   ¥.  x.  p.   11  (1871) 

(City  of  Mexico) ;  Salv.  Brit,  1874.  p,  310 ;  Bidme.  A'.  A.  B.  ii. 

p.  364 ;  id.  iSw,  1886j  p.  468 ;  i<t  Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  844. 


70.  i^wBENCU.  233 

AboYe  grejriflh,  more  or  less  suffuBed  with  olive ;  wing-bands  and 
external  margins  of  outer  secondaries  whitish  and  usually  well 
shown  ;  tail  dark  grey,  with  the  whole  outer  web  of  the  external 
xectrix  distinctly  pale  dirty  white :  beneath  pale  greyish,  darker  on 
the  breast  and  more  or  less  sufPased  with  fulvous ;  upper  mandible 
dark,  lower  light ;  feet  blackish :  whole  length  5'5  inches,  wing  2*8, 
tail  2*5.    Female  similar. 

Hah.  California,  Arizona,  and  Mexico. 

The  more  or  less  clearly  defined  white  outer  web  of  the  external 
rectriz  serves  to  identify  this  rather  variable  species.  The  type  of 
Mr.  Lawrence's  E.  fulvipectus  agrees  so  nearly  with  some  of  my 
Mexican  skins  from  La  Parada,  that  I  do  not  venture  to  keep  them 
apart 

a.  (f  ad.  sk.  West  Ilumboldt  Mts.,  U.  S.  A.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(IUdgtDay). 

h.  <f  ad.  sk.  Fort  Bridger,   Utah,   U.  S.  A.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Dredler). 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Fort  Yuma,  Cal.  {MolJhausen).  Sclater  Coll, 

d.  Ad.  sk.  San  Jos^,  California  (XarUus).  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.               Saticoy,  California  {J.  G.  C).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
/>^«  d  ?  ad.  sk.    Ciudad,  Durango,  Mexico  (For-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

rer). 

K  Ad.  sk.  Mexico.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

I.  (J  ad.  sk.  La  Parada,  Mexico  (Salie).  Purchased. 

j.  Ad.  sk.  La  Parada  {SalU').  Sclater  Coll. 

k-m,  (J  ad.  sk.  La  Parada  (Boucard).  Sclater  Coll. 

n.  cJ  ad. ;  0.  Villa  de  Elta,  Mexico  (Boii^    Sclater  Coll. 

Ad.  sk.  card). 

p.  Ad.  sk.  Mexico.  Sclater  Coll. 

q,  r,  Jr.  sk.  Mexico.  Sclater  Coll. 

9,  Ad.  sk.  Mexico  (?).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


70.  LAWRENCIA.  ^ 

Lawrencia,  lUdgw.  Auk,  1880,  p.  382 L.  nana. 

"  Wings  very  much  rounded ;  the  first  quill  shortest,  the  second 
not  longer  than  the  secondaries  ;  fifth  and  sixth  longest ;  tarsus 
long  ;  bill  small,  much  depressed,  triangular ;  rictal  bristles  strong  ; 
tail  nearly  as  long  as  the  wing,  slightly  rounded.^'     {liidyway,) 

This  monotype,  from  S.  Domingo,  is  said  by  Mr.  lUdgway  to  be 
exceedingly  diflferent  in  structure  from  Empidonax, 

1.  Lawrencia  nana. 

Empidonax  nanus,  Zatrr.  Ibis,  1875,  p.  386 ;  Cory,  Birds  of  Haiti  and 

S.  Domingo,  p.  82  (1885). 
Lawrencia  nana,  Ridgxo.  Auk,  1886,  p.  383 ;  id.  Ibis,  1886,  p.  461. 

Above  olive,  browner  on  remiges  and  rectrices,  greyer  on  head ; 
wing-coverts  with  two  whitish  bands ;  lower  parts  whitish  tinged 
with  sulphur-yellow.     Length  4-4  inches.     {Ridgway.) 

Hah.  8.  Domingo. 


TYYUJnUDM. 


71.  COHTOPUS*. 


Type 

Contopus,  Cab.  J./.  O.  1865,  p.  479 C.  viteni 

Svrichta,  Bp.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  a6i.  4,  Zool.  i.  p.  133 

(1864)    C.  ardeB 

Nuttidlonufl,  Jlidi/u).  Man.  N.  A.  S.  p.  337  (1887) 0.  bored 

"  Tarsus  very  short,  but  stout,  less  thaii  the  middle  tc 
scarcely  longer  than  ttto  hinder  toe,  considerably  less  the 
onlmen.  Bill  quite  broad  at  the  base,  wider  than  half  the  ci 
Tail  moderately  forked.  Wings  very  long  and  much  pi 
reaching  beyond  the  middle  of  the  tail ;  the  first  primary 
equal  the  fourth."     (Ridgway,  N.  A.  3.  ii.  p.  350.) 

Contopus  is  distributed  all  orer  North  and  South  America 
to  the  Argeutine  Bepublic,  bnt  is  not  found  in  Chili  or  Patagc 

Ke^  to  the  Species. 

A.  Lar^r-dEed  series ;  wing  3'5  or  more. 

a.  Middle  line  of  abdomen  white 1.  borealu,  p.  2M. 

b.  Middle  line  of  abdomen  not  white. 
a'.  Under  surface  grey. 

a".  Win^  lon);er,  more  than  3'6. 
a'".  Bill  longer. 

I  Larger ;  head  lighter     ....   2.  pertinax,  p.  336. 
\  Smaller ;  head  ^ker    ....  3.  lutfubrie,  p.  230. 

b'".  Bill  shorter   4.  brachyrkyndnis,  ■ 

b".  Wing  shorter,  not  more  than  3-5 .  .   5.  ardeaiastu,  p.  23i 
b'.  Under  surface  ochraceous 6.  oehraceus,  p.  237, 

B.  Smaller-sized  series ;  wing  Ittis  than  3'6. 

c.  Winif  longer;  first  primary  exceeding 

1  breast  lighter    7.  virm*,  p.  ilfl. 

I  breast  darker     8.  richardsoni,  p.  :: 


71.  CONTOPTTB.  236 

ngoa) ;  Sd.  et  Salv.  Nomencl,  p.  52;  Bairdy  Brew,  et  Bidgw,  N,  A,  B, 
ii.  p.  863 ;  MerriUj  P.  U,8,  N.  M,  i.  p.  137  (Texas) ;  Bidgw.  P. 
Cr.S.  N.  M.  i.  p.  424 ;  8alv,  et  Oodm.  Ibis,  1880,  p.  125  (Sta.  Marta) ; 
NehrUng,  J  J,  0.  1883,  p.  90  (Illinois)  ;  Tacz,  P.  Z.  8. 1882,  p.  22 
(N.E.  Peru) ;  id.  Om.  P^.  ii.  p.  316;  JFUdffw,  Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  837 ; 
Coues,  Key  N.  A.  B.  1884,  p.  438. 
Oontopus  mesoleucus,  Sclater,  P.  Z,  S.  1869,  p.  43;  id.  Ibis,  1869, 
p.  440;  Scl.  et  Saiv.  Ibis,  1869,  p.  122. 

Aboye  ashy  black,  head  darker;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  with 
slight  whitish  edgings  to  the  outer  secondaries :  beneath  dark  ashy, 
throat,  middle  of  breast,  and  belly  creamy  white :  a  large  flu^" 
patch  of  white  feathers  on  each  side  of  the  rump  beneath  the  wings ; 
under  wing-coverts  cinereous ;  bill  horn-colour,  at  the  base  beneath 
white ;  feet  black :  whole  length  7*3  inches,  wing  4*3,  tail  3. 
Female  similar. 

ffah.  North  America  (in  summer),  and  southwards  throughout 
Mexico  and  Central  America  to  Colombia. 

This  is  a  very  distinct  species.  The  highly  developed  white  tufts 
on  the  flanks  and  white  mesial  line  beneath  render  it  easily  recog- 
nizable. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Vancouver  I.  J.  K.  Lord  [C.]. 

b.  c.  Ad.  sk.         West  side  of  Rocky  MountaiDS.      J.  K.  Lord  [C.]. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Forty-ninth  Parallel,  N.  A.  X.  A .  Bound.  Comm. 

[P.]. 

c.  (^  ad.  sk.         Lake  of  the  Woods.  N.  A.  Bound.  Comm. 

[P.]. 

/.   c?  ad.  sk.         Broken-head  River.  N.  A.  Bound.  Comm. 

g.  Ad.  sk.  Canada  {Bush).  Tweeddale  Coll. 

h.  Ad.  sk.  California.  Lord  Walsingham 

[P.]. 

».  Ad.  sk.  San  Francisco.  Sc later  Coll. 

j.   $  ad.  sk.  Fort  Stockton,  Texas  (Dufn/).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

k.  Ad.  sk.  Orizaba,  Mexico  (Botteri).  Sclater  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  South  Mexico  {Salle).  Sclater  Coll. 

fw.  Ad.  sk.  Mexico.  Sclater  Coll. 

n.  Ad.  sk.  Coban,  Vera  Paz  {Sahin).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

o.  Ad.  sk.  Dueiias,  Guatemala  (Salvin).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

p,  q.  Ad.  sk.  Irazu  distr.,  Costa  Rica  (Bof/ers).  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

r.   $  ad.  sk  Calobre,  Veragua  {Arc{').  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

8,  $  ad.  sk.  Minca,  U.  S.  C.  {Shnons).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

t.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

u.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Salvin-Godman  Ooll. 

2.  Contopus  pertinax. 

Contopus  pertinax.  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus,  Hein,  ii.  p.  72 ;  Scl,  Cat, 
A.  B,  p.  231 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  52 ;  Baird,  Brew,  et 
Bidgw.  N.  A.  B.  ii.  p.  35G ;  Coues,  Keg  JN.  A.  B.  p.  438 ;  Ridgw. 
Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  337. 

Contopus  borealis,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  p.  801,  et  1859,  p.  44 ; 
id.  Ibis,  1859,  p.  440 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Ibis,  1859,  p.  122. 

Above  cinereous,  with  a  slight  olivaceous  tint,  wings  and  tail 


2im  TTBUtHIDA. 

darker:  beneatli  paler,  with  b.  strong  oohraceoos  tinge  on  tl 
abdomen,  criaaam,  and  under  wisg-corerta  ;  flanks  with  a  conceali 
white  paioh ;  upper  mandible  brown,  lower  yeUowiah ;  feet  blacl 
whole  length  7  inches,  wing  4-4,  tul  3-4.     FemaU  BiDiilar. 

H<A.  Mexico,  Arizona,  and  Onatemala. 

The  nearly  uniform  oolour  and  ochraceous  tinge  of  the  abdomi 
distingaiah  thia  species. 

a.  Ad.  St.  Mexico.  M.  SalW  [C.]- 

6.  Ad.  st  North  Meiieo  ( WareC).  ScUtec  Coll. 

IX  Ad.  sk.  Mexico.  J.  Qould,  Esq. 

(f.  t;  ad.  sk.  Plains  of  Colima,  W.  Mexico  SalTiD-Oodman  Co 

(Xanttu). 

«.  Ad.  8k.  Mexico.  A.  SaUS  [C.]. 

/■  i  y-  i  9-  Cindad,  Ihirango,  Mexico  Salvin-Oodman  Co 

Ad.  sk.  (Fomtr). 

h.  Ad.  ek.  Mexica  Purchased. 

i.  Ad.  sk.  Jalaps,  Mexico  (SSge).  Salvin-Godman  Co 

J.  Ad.  sk.  Volcan  de  Agua,Gtuitemala  (&^  SalTin-Qodmaa  Cc 

£.  $  ad.  sk.        Calderaa,    Volcan    de    Fue^,      Saliin-Oodiiuui  Co 

Quatemala  (Silvin). 
t,  m.  Ad.  gk.       Volcan   de   Fuego,    Quatemala    SalTin-Oodman  Cc 

(Salvin). 
n.  Ad.  sk.  Volcan  de   Fuego,   Quatemala    Sclater  Coll. 

i&dvin). 
o.  Ad.  sk.  Quatemala.  Sclater  Coll. 

3.  ContopoB  lognbris. 

Contopus  lugubris,  Lamr.  Ann.  L.  N.  Y.  viii.  p.  134,  ii.  p.  1 
(Ooata  Rica) :  FranU.  J.f.  O.  1869,  p.  308  (Coata  Eica) ;  Salv. 
Ibit,  1874,  p.  310. 

Contopus  pertmai,  var.  lugubris,  Bidgw.  N.  A.  B.  ii.  p.  351. 


71.  OONTOPT78.  237 

5.  ContopiiB  ardesiacoB. 

Tyiannula  ardosiaca,  Lafr,  R,  Z.  1844,  p.  80  (Bogota). 

SayorniB  ardoaiaca,  8d,  P.  Z.  8, 1855,  p.  149. 

Contopos  aideaiacufl,  Cah,  J.t  O.  1855,  p.  479 ;  ScL  P.  Z.  S,  1869, 
pp.  44, 144,  et  1860,  p.  92  (Ecuador) ;  Sd.  et  Salv,  Nomencl.  p.  52 ; 
ltd,  P.  Z.  8.  1879,  p.  515  (Antioqma)  et  p.  615  (Bolivia) ;  Tacz, 
P.  Z.  S,  1874,  p.  589, 1879,  p.  235,  et  1882,  p.  21 ;  id,  Om.  PSr.  ii. 
p.  817 ;  Bei4.  et  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S,  1883,  p.  558, 1884,  p.  297,  et  1885, 
p.  92  (Ecuador) ;  Salv,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  298  (Br.  Guiana). 

Myiochanes  ardesiacus.  Cab,  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  v  1  ;  Scl  Cat, 
A.  B.  p.  282. 

Above  dark  cinereous,  crown  rather  blacker ;  wings  and  tail 
amoky  black :  beneath  similar  but  rather  paler,  especially  on  the 
middle  of  the  belly ;  under  wing-coverts  cinereous ;  bill  brown, 
beneath  paler ;  feet  blackish :  whole  length  Q'b  inches,  wing  3'8, 
tail  3*2.    Female  similar. 

Hah.  Guiana,  Colombia,  Ecuador,  Peru,  and  Bolivia. 

This  is  not  quite  a  typical  Contopus,  the  wings  being  rather 
ahorter  than  in  the  other  species. 

Qfb.   cJ  $  ad.       Roraima, Brit.  Guiana  (H^^iVe/y).     Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
ak. 

c.  (^  ad.  sk.         Twek-quey    mt.,    Carimang    r.,     Sahin-Godman  Coll. 

Brit.  Guiana  (  Whitely). 

d.  $  ad.  sk.         Merida,  Venezuela  {Goerimj).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.             Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 
/.  Ad.  sk.             Medellin,  Antioquia,  U.  S.  C.  Sclater  Coll. 

{Salmon). 

g,  cJ  ad.  sk.         Santa  Elena,  U.  S.  C.  (Salmon).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

A.   (J  ad.  sk.         Pallatanga,  Ecuador  (Fraser).  Sclater  Coll. 

t.  Ad.  sk.             Pallatanga,  Ecuador  (Fraser).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

;.  Ad.  sk.             Ninabamba,  C.  Peru  (Jelski).  Sclater  Coll. 

k.   $  ad.  sk         Tambillo,  Peru  (Jeiski).  Salvin-Godman  Coll, 

Ij  m.  Ad.  sk.        Tilotilo,  Yungas,  Bolivia  {Buch-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

ley). 


G.  Contopns  ochraceus. 

Contopus  ochraceus,  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  419  (Costa  Rica); 
ltd.  Nomencl.  p.  52;  Salv.  Ibis,  1870,  p.  115,  et  1874,  p.  318; 
Ridgwayj  7&w,  1883,  p.  401. 

Above  brownish  olive,  darker  on  the  head ;  wings  and  tail  ashy 
black,  the  wing-coverts  and  secondaries  edged  externally  with 
ochraceous :  beneath  deep  ochraceous,  paler  on  the  throat  and  more 
yellowish  on  the  belly ;  bill  above  blackish,  beneath  yellowish : 
whole  length  6*5  inches,  wing  3*3,  tail  2*9. 

Edb,  Costa  Rica. 

The  ochraceous  colour  below  at  once  distinguishes  this  species. 

a.  Ad.  skw  Costa  Rica  {CarmoV),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Type  of  the  species.) 


TTRAnnrnts. 


7.  ContopuB  vireEB. 

MiMCiciipa  virena  Linn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  ^'-iT. 
Hiiecica)]a  queruk,  VieiU,  Ou.  Am.  Seyt.  i.p. 
Muacic&pA  rapox,  WiU.  Am.  Om.  ti.  p-  81|  j)l 
MyiAivhua  vitena,  ScUUer,  P.  Z.  S.  1355,  p.  lo 
Contopus  viiuiiis,  Baird,  B.  y.  Am.  p.  100 


OuHiil  J<m 


(.  /.  Om. 


1856,  p.  47»,  1801.  pp,  328,  416,  ot  ISrS,  p.  424  (Cubn) ;   Cab. 

■  "■     "      ZrB«i.u.p.71;  Sclater,  P.  Z.S.lliBH,  i>.  43;  id.  Cat. 

Cab.  J.f.Q.  1861,  p.  248  (Co*U  Rica) ;  Sri.  e(  Sah. 

..  1*2,  441;  wrf,  P.Z.S.  1884,  etp.  300  (Paniuna).  et 


«(  i7r-(n.  ATuf.  i 
A.  S.  p.  231  i  I 

Ilur,  1S50,  pp.  1*2,  4ll;  wrf,  P.  ^  &  1884,  etp.  300  (Pannina).  e 
ie70,p.  837  (Honduraa);  HA.  Ifumenel.  ^.m-,  Dretner.Viii,  1865, 
p.  474  (Teias) ;  Lauv.  Am.  Lye  N.  Y.  viii.  p.  200,  ix.  p.  1 16  {Costa 
RiCB) ;  Bidgio.  Ann.  L.  N.  T.  x.  p.  376  (lllinoia) ;  FranU.  J.f.  O. 
1869, p.  308 (CoBta Bica) ;  MtrriB,  P.  U.  8.  N.  M.  i. p.  137  (Taias) ; 
Baaenrd,  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  64  (Costa  Rks) ;  Sah.  tt  Godm.  IbU, 
1880,  p.  125  (8«nta  Msrt*) ;  NehHing.  J.f.  0. 1883,  p  90  (Uliaoia) ; 
Bait^,  Brew.  H  JUdj/w.  X.  A.  B.  ii.  p.  357 ;  Tarx.  P.  Z.  S.  1882, 
p,23[  Mi  Or«.  ilft-,  ii.  p.3l8j  (huei,  Kiy  N.  A.  B.  WM,  ^.  439 ; 
Jiidffie.  Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  338. 

Tyraiinuln  boKotenais,  Bp,  Vojup.  i.  p.  190. 

Contopus  bogotensis,  Sclafer,  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  p.  450j  id.  Cat.  A.  B. 
p.  331 ;   Ta^or,  Ibif,  1864,  p.  87  (W.  Indies). 

Cuntopus  alljicolHa,  Later.  Arm.  N.  Y.  Ac.  Sc.   m.  p.   ISO ;  Ridgw. 
Man.  N.  ^  fi.  p.  338  (Yuraitan)  P 

Above  dive-plumb eoua,  crown  rathOT  darker;  winge  and  tail 
blackish,  wing-coverfB  and  outer  aecond&ries  with  more  or  less  of 
whitiah  edgings :  beneath  dirty  white,  breast  and  flanks  more  or 
less  tinged  with  cinureoua ;  belly  more  or  less  faintly  tinned  with 
yellowish  ;  bill  above  ditrk,  beneath  yellowish  white  ;  feet  blackish  : 
first  primary  longer  than  the  fifth  :  whole  length  ti  inches,  wing  3'4, 
tail  2'7.     Female  similar. 

ff/th,  Eastorn  North  America,  and  south  through  Mejdoo  and 
Central  America  to  Colombia  and  Ecuador. 

I  am  a  little  doubtful  nboiit  C'untoptin  aVilcaUis  of  Yucatan,  of 
which  Mr.  Lawrence  has  kindly  lent  me  the  type.  But  on  tho 
whole  I  am  inclined  ia  regard  it  aa  a  palc-oolonrcd  example  of  the 
present  species,  Some  of  tho  specimens  from  Ruatan  como  veiy 
near  it. 


i,  k.  Ad.  sk. 
i.  Ad.  sk. 
rn,  Ad.sk. 

H,  Ad.  sk. 

p.  Ad.  ak. 
q.  iS  od.  ak. 


niinoia,  U.  S.  A.  (Cbo/e). 
lllinoia,  U.  S.  A. 


Niagara  Falls,  U.  S.  A. 
Portamouth.N.Il,  U.  S.  A.(Cow» 
Washinfjton,  D.C,  U.S.A.   {Me- 

Washington,  D.C,  V.  S.  A.  (Brer. 


Sclater  ColL 
U.    K.   Coale,   Esq. 
[P.].  ^ 

Prof.  Steera  [C.]. 
Sclttter  Coll. 

J.  (souid  rc.]. 

Sdater  Coli. 
ScUter  CoU. 

Sebter  Coll. 

Stilvin-Oodmaa  Coll.  - 


71.   C0NT0PIT8. 


239 


r.  AcLaL 
«.  (f  ad.  sk. 
if  u.  Ad.  ak. 
V-&.  Ad.  bL 

^.  Ad.  ak. 
tf*.  Ad.  ak. 
/*,  ^.  Ad.  ak. 

A'.  5  jr.  6k. 
t'-A:'.  J  ad.  ak. 
f.  Ad.  ak. 
m'.  $  ad.  sk. 
ft'.  Ad.  ak. 
o'.  Ad.  ak. 
p^.  S  ad.  ek. 
9'.  Ad.  sk. 
Pf  a*.  Jr.  ak. 

^',  u'.  Ad.  ak. 


Caba. 

Mexico  (SaUf). 

Cozumel  L;  Yucatan  (Oaumer), 

Ruatan   L^  Bay   of   Honduraa 
{Oaumer), 

Guatemala. 

Calovevora#*Vera^ua  (Arcf). 

Southern  slope  of  the  Volcan  de 
Chiriqui  (ArcS). 

Bugaba,  Chiriqui  {Ard). 

Panama  {McLeannan). 

Chepo,  Panama  (ArcS). 

Santa  Marta,  U.  S.  C.  {Simons). 

Bogota. 

Bogota. 

Gualaquiza,  Ecuador  {Frasej-). 

Ecuador. 

Puna  I.,  Gulf  of  Guayaquil  {Buck- 
ley). 

Sarayacu,  Ecuador  {Buckley). 


Sdater  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salyin-Godman  CoU. 

Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salviu-Godman  Coll. 
Sclator  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
1j.  Fraser  [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  ColL 


8.  Contopns  richardsoni. 

Tyrannula  richardsoni,  Sw.  Faun.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  p.  140,  pi.  40. 
Contopufl  richardsonii,  Baird,  B.  N.  Am.  p.  189 ;  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B. 

p.  231 ;  Scl.et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1804,  p.  300  (I'annma),  et  1879,  p.  615 

(Bolivia)  ;  lid.  Noinencl.  p.  62  ;  Dresser y  llji's,  1805,  p.  474  (Texas)  ; 

Lawr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y,  ix.  p.  115  (Costa  Rica)  ;  Frantz.  J.f.  O. 

1869,  p.  308  (Costa  Rica)  ;  .Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  199  (Veragua)  ; 

MernU,  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  i.  p.  137  (Ti^xfis) ;  Bidr/u\  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  i. 

p.  425 ;  Berl.  et  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  558,  1884,  p.  297,  et  1885, 

p.  92  (Ecuador) ;  Bidyw.  Man.  X.  A.  B.  p.  3:J8. 
Contopus  sordidulus,   Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.   1859,  p.   43;  id.  Ibis,  1859, 

p.  441 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Ihi^,  1S59,  p.  122. 
Contopus  virens,  var.  richardsoni,    liaird,  Breic.  et  Bidyw.  N.  A.  B. 

ii.  p.  360 ;   Coues,  Key  N.  A.  B.  1884,  p.  440. 

Similar  to  (7.  virens,  but  darker  above  and  beucath ;  the  breast 
more  covered  with  cinereous,  and  the  boily  without  any  olivaceous 
tinge. 

Hah.  Western  North  America,  and  south  through  Western 
Mexico  and  Central  America  to  Ecuador  and  perhaps  Bolivia. 

It  is  in  many  cases  very  difficult  to  decide  whether  southern 
specimens  should  be  referred  to  this  form  or  to  the  Eastern 
C,  vireyis. 


Or-d,  Ad.  sk. 
e.  Ad.  sk. 
/.  $  ad.  sk. 

g,  S  ftd-  sk. 
h.  Ad.  sk. 
u  Ad.  sk. 
jf  k.  Ad.  sk. 
/.  Ad.  sk. 


"West  side  of  Rocky  Moimtains. 

California  {Griiber). 

Upper  Missouri  and  Yellowstone, 

U.  S.  A.  (  Warreti). 
Presidio,  Mexico  {Forrer). 
Mexico  {SaU4), 
Orizaba,  Mexico  {Botteri). 
CobaU;  Vera  Paz  (Salvin). 
Coban,  Vera  Paz  {Salvin). 


J.  K.  Lord  [C.]. 
Sclater  Coll". 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 


ni,  n.  Ad.  Bk. 

Retolhuleu,  Guntemftla  iSalvtn). 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

o.  Ad.  sk. 

Vera  Paz  (&f«>n). 

SalTin-Oodman  Coll. 

p.    Ad.  Bk. 

Vera  Paz. 

0,  Salvin  rCl. 
Sclater  CoTL 

q.  Ad.  8k. 

Ouatemal^ 

r.  5  ad-ak. 

Duenas,  Guatemala  (,Salmn). 

Salvin-Oodman  CoIL 

».  (J  ad.  Bk. 

Dueiiaa,  Quatemala. 

0.  SbI™  [P.l. 
SalTin-Godman  CoU, 

(-P.  Ad.ak. 

Iraiu  distr.,  Costo  Rica  (Roi/ers). 

W.    Ad.  Bk. 

San  Jose,  Coatft  Hica  (JVoniKw). 

Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

2-.  Jt.  flk. 

Weat  coast  of  America. 

Capt.    Keliett    and 

Lt.  Wood  [P.]. 
Salvin-Godoiau  Coll. 

y.  9  ad.  sk. 

Bugaba,  Chiriqui  (Arc^). 

B.  S  od.  Bk. 

Eameraldaa,  Ecuaiior  (From-). 

Sclater  ColL 

a'.  2  ad-  all. 

Zamora,  Ecuador  (Fra/cr). 

Sclator  Coll. 

&■.   Ad.  Bk. 

Ecuador  (Frasa-). 

Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

&.  Ad.  ak. 

Nturapi,  BoHvin  (SuckUi,). 

Salvm-Qodmsn  CoU. 

8.  CoDtopns  brachytarsos. 

Empidonas  brachytarBUB,  Sela/er,  Iliit,  1850,  p,  441  (Meiico) ;  Lawr, 

Ann.  Lye.  JV.  T.  vii.  p.  .S27(pBnftmn). 
Contoj.ua  bnwhylarsus,  Salvin,  Ibis,  1861,  p.  .^4 ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1870, 


p.  19!)  (Veragua);  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  2!tl;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  & 
1864,  p.  360  (,Pftnama),  1867,  p.  678  (Lower  AmazooB),  " 
pp.  168,   028   (VeneiuBla^,    1870,  p.    761   (Veno/ueU) : 


1867,  p.  57«  (Lower  AniazooB),  1868, 
a),    1870,  p.    761   (Veno/ueU) :   Later. 
1.  Zj/c.  y.   i:  is.  p.  89  (Costa  Rica) ;    (nite,  P.Z.S 
p.  (JOS  ( Arg.  Hep.) ;  Hidffw.  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  vii.  p.  173  (Trinidad)  i 
id.  Man.  S.  A.  S.  p.  33i);  Scl.  et  Huib.  Arg.  Om.  i.  p.  150. 
Empidouax  attdinus,  Tacx.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  630,  et  1870,  p.  235 

(teru). 
Contopua  punenaiB,  Lawr,  Aim.  Lye.  N.  T.  ix.  p.  337  (Puna  Is,) ; 
Tacz.P.Z.S.  1877,p,474,etl860,p.  203  (Peru);  id.  Orn.}Vr.  ii. 
p.  319 ;  Serl.  »l  Taez.  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  5C8,  et  1885,  p.  122  (W. 
Ecuador). 
Contopufl  echottii,  Lawr.  Ann.  Lye.  N,  Y.  is.  p.  203;  Bidgv). 
P.  U.S.  y.  M.  viii  p.  571  (Yucatan). 

Above  dark  plombeoua  olive  ;  oroTn  darker,  blackiah ;  wings  and 
tail  blackieh.  the  wiog'Coverts  and  outer  accondariee  more  or  lees 
edged  with  whitiah:  beneath  dirty  white,  clearer  on  the  throat  and 
middle  of  the  belly,  which  latter  has  sometimes  an  olivaceous  tinge ; 
bill  above  biackiah,  beneath  yellowisb  wbit« ;  feet  blackish ;  first 
primary  shorter  than  the  fifth :  whole  length  5'3  iuehee,  wing  2-9, 
tail  2-5.     Female  similar. 

Hnb.  Mexico  and  Centra!  America,  HOuthwards  to  Pern  and 
Amazonia. 

It  is  possible  that  I  may  have  united  more  than  one  species 
under  the  present  name,  which  waa  origiiiuUy  based  upon  Mexicaa 
specirnens,  but  the  bird  has  been  subsequently  traced  down  the 
American  continent  to  Peru  and  Lower  Amazonia.  In  some  cases  it 
is  difficult  to  discriminate  between  this  species  and  dwarfed  or 
immature  examples  of  C  virent ;  but  I  think  that  Mr.  Ridgway's 
character  of  tbo  first  primary  being  shorter  than  the  fifth  in  C.  lira' 
ehyUtrms  generally  holds  good. 


72.   BLACIOUS. 


241 


o.  Ad.  ak.  St.  Gomanim,  Mexico  (SalU), 

6.  $  ad.  ak.       Ck>rdoyay  Mexico  {SallS). 


€•  Ad.  ak. 
i^Ad. 
jj  k.  Ad.  ak. 
/.  Ad.  ak. 
m,  n.  Ad.  ak. 
o.  Ad. ;  p.  2 

ad.  ak. 
q.  Ad.  ak. 
r.  $  ad.  ak. 
s.  Ad.  ak. 
f.  c^  ad.  ak. 
ti.  (^  ad.  ak. 
v«  Ad.  ak. 
w.  Ad.  ak. 
X.  Ad.  ak. 
y.  (^  ad.  ak. 
z.  $  ad.  ak. 
a'.  Ad.  ak. 
6'.  Ad.  ak. 

&»  Ad.  ak. 
(f  •  Ad.  ak. 


Yucatan  (Oattmer). 
Ooziunel  1.,  Yucatan  (Oaumer), 
Choctum,  Vera  Paz  (Salmn), 
Cajabon,  Vera  Paz  (oalvin), 
Chisec,  Vera  Paz  (Salmi). 
lletalhuleu,  Guatemala  (Saluin). 

Escuintla,  Guatemala  (Stilvin), 

Escuintla,  Guatemala  (Fraser), 

Guatemala. 

Calovevora,  Veragua  (ArcS). 

Panama  (McLeanTian), 

Panama  {Hughes), 

Bogota. 

Caracas,  Venezuela  {Goenny). 

San  Esteban,  Venezuela  ( Goeriiuj), 

Venezuela  {Ooeriiiy), 

Guiana. 

I.  of  Mexiana,  li.  Amazons 

(Wallace), 
Chota,  Peru  (Stohmann). 
BrazU  (?). 


SdaterCoU. 
Sclater  Coll. 

I  isofthespeciea.) 
vin-Godman  ColL 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salyin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Gt)dman  ColL 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  CoU. 
Sal\'iu-Godinan  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-(iodman  ColL 
Salvin-Godman  Coll, 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 

Sclater  Coll. 
J.  Gould,  Esq. 


72.  BLACICUS*. 


Type. 


BlacicuS;  Cab,  J,f.  0. 1866,  p.  480 B.  caribaeus. 

Blacicus  comes  very  near  the  smaller  forms  of  Contopus,  but  the 
bill  is  larger  and  longer,  and  the  wings  are  not  so  long.  It  is 
strictly  an  Antillean  type. 


Key  to  the  Species, 

A.  Bill  shorter,  broader :  under  surface  not  yellow. 

a.  Belly  tinged  with  yellowish 1.  hahaineiisuj  p.  242. 

h.  Belly  tinged  with  ochraceous. 

a'.  Crown  nearly  imiform  with  back : 

fback  oUvaceous    2.  caribceu^j  p.  242. 

back  grey 3,  hispaniolensiSf  p.  242. 

back  brownish , 4.  pallidum,  p.  243. 

6'.  Crown  distinct  from  back : 

i  crown  olive-brown 6.  hlancoi,  p.  243. 

I  crown  deep  brown  6.  brun7ieicapillu8y^,24Z, 

c.  Belly  deep  rufous    7.  latirostris,  p.  244. 

B.  Bill  longer,  narrower;  belly  sulphmr-yellow  8.  barbirostris,  p.  244. 


*  Befer  also  to  Bl.  martinicemtiSj  Gory,  Auk,  1887,  p.  96,  from  Martinique, 
allied  to  B.  brunneicapiUus, 

YOL.  XXV.  B 


1.  Blacicns  bahamensiB. 

EmpidoDRX  bahamensip,  Bryant,  Proc.  Boston  Sue.  X.  IL  vii.  p.  lOO 

(1801). 
Contopus  caribfeuB,  var,  bahamenaia,  Baird,  Brew,  et  Ittdgw.  N.  A.  B. 

p.  ii.  p.  352. 
CoDtopus  bahamenais,  Cory,  Birds  of  Bahamiu,  p.  101 ;  Iti'dgw.  Man. 

If.  A.  B.  p.  330. 

Above  mouse-brown ;  cap  ratber  darker  ;  wings  and  tail  blackisb, 
wing-ooverts  and  external  eocondarics  slightly  edged  with  whitish : 
beneath  dirt)*  greyish  white,  slightly  tinged  with  yellowish  on  the 
breast  and  belly ;  under  wing-coverta  pale  oofaraceons ;  upper  man- 
dible dark,  lower  paler :  feet  black :  whole  length  5-5  inohos,  wing 
2'9,  tail  2-6.     Female  aimilar,  but  rather  smaller. 

Hah.  Bahama  Islands. 

In  this  Bpeoies,  which  aeeros  to  mo  to  belong  strictly  to  Blitcicut, 
there  is  no  tinge  of  ochraccons  ctilout  below,  except  on  the  under 
wing-oorerts. 


:  cf  5  ad.  f 


Nile 


I  Crff). 


Sclftter  CoU. 


.  Blacicns  caribeos. 


MuBcipeta  curiba-a,  d'Orb.  in  La  Saijni'i  Cuba,  Avts,  p.  "7  (1S30) ; 

Lfmbei/e,  Ai'.  de  Cuba,  p.  129. 
MuBcicBpa  carlbfea,  Quiidt.  Boston  Joum.  M  S.  vi.  p.  318. 
Blacicns  caribieus,  Cab.  J.f.  O.  1S55,  p.  480  (Cuba) ;  Owidl.  J.f.  O. 

ISOl,  p.  328,  ot  1872,  p.  420. 
Contopus  cnribfeuB,  Baird,  Brew,  rt  Ridgw.   N.  A.  B.   ii.  p.  361 ; 

Bidgw.  Man.  If.  A.  B.  p.  330. 

Above  dark  grey,  with  a  slight  olivaccoua  tinge  on  the  back  j 
wit^  aod  tail  blackish,  with  alight  lighter  edgings  to  the  wJng- 
ooverte  and  external  secondaries :  beneath  light  greyish,  with  astrong 
ochraceoua  tinge,  eii^pt  on  the  tbroat ;  under  wing-coverts  pale 
ochraceons;  upper  mandible  dark,  lower  Ught^  except  at  the  tip; 
feet  blackish :  whole  length  5'5  inches,  wing  2'S,  toil  2-7. 

Hab.  Cuba. 


a.  2  ad.  sk. 

Cuba. 

Sclaler  Coa 

b.  Ad.  6k. 

Sen  Cristobal.  Cuba  {Oaamer) 

Salvic-Godmaa  Coll 

c,  d.  Ad.  sk. 

San  Criatobal,  Cuba. 

Snlvia-Oodwwi  Coll 

«.  Ad.  ak. 

Cuba. 

Salvin-Oodman  Coll 

f.  Ad,  sk. 

Reniedios.  Cuba  {Bi*h',}i). 

Smiths.  Inet. 

y  Ad.ak. 

Ouayaquil  I??). 

Zool.  Soc,  Coll. 

3.  Blaoicas  hispanioleiuiB. 

TyraiinulB  carribiea,  viir.  bispanioleneia,  Bryant,  Proc.  Soit.  Soc. 

If.  II.  xi.  p.  01  (18U(J>. 
Contopus  fraiari,  Oirg,  Bull.  Mtt.  Orn.  Ct.  viii.  p,  04  (1883). 
Sayomis  dominiceosiej  Cory,  Bull.  Salt.  Om.  CI.  viil.  p.  05  (1883). 
Contopus  biapaniolenBis,  C£ry,  B.  Haiti  and  San  Doininyo,  p.  81. 
Contopus  caribaeuB,  var.bispttiiiolensis,.floir</,fireip.riilj(i'y«i.  A'i  J..S. 

'i.  p.  361. 


72.   BIAOICT78.  243 

ffimilar  to  B»  eartbcna^  but  without  the  olivaoeotu  tinge  abovoy 
and  not  bo  ochraoeons  below. 
Hah.  St  Domingo. 

a.  $  ad.  sk.         Saman&y  San  Domingo,  W.  I.         Salvin-Godman  C!olL 

{McChregor\ 
h,  1$  mLtk.        La  Vega,  Sfm  Domingo^  W.  I.        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Cory). 

4.  BlacicTis  paUidns. 

Myiobiiis  pallidas,  Oosse,  B,  Jam.  p.  1G6. 

Blacicus  pallidus,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S,  1861,  p.  77;  Albrecht,  J.  f.  O. 

1862,  p.  109. 
ContopuB  pallidus,  ScL  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  231 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl, 

p.  52. 
Contopus  caribseus,  var.  pallidus,  Baird,  Brew,  et  Ridgw.  N,  A.  B, 

n.  p.  351. 
Kbynchocyclus  cerviniventris,  Sahad.  Att.  Sc.  It.  vii.  p.  163;  cf, 

&d.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1868,  p.  176. 

Above  brownish  olive ;  wings  and  tail  dark  cinereous,  slight 
edgings  to  wing-coverts  and  outer  secondaries  ochraceous ;  beneath 
dingy  ochraceous  grey,  lighter  on  the  throat ;  under  wing-coverts 
oohraceons;  bill  above  dark,  below  whitish;  feet  dark  brown: 
whole  length  5*5  inches,  wing  2*8,  tail  2*7.     Female  similar. 

Hah.  Jamaica. 


a.  Ad.  st. 

Jamaica. 

Purchased. 

&.  (^  ad.  sk. 

Moneague,  Jamaica 

(Bryant). 

Sdater  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk. 

Moneague,  Jamaica 

( Bryant). 

Mrs.  Bryant  [P.]. 

d.  (^  ad. ;  e. 

Moneague,  Jamaica  (Salvin). 

Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

ad.  sk. 

/.  (J  ad.  sk. 

Near  Spanish  Town, 
(March). 

1  Jamaica 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

g.  Ad.  sk. 

Jamaica  ( Gosse). 

P.L.Sclater,Esq.rP.]. 
Salvin-Godman  Uoll. 

h.  Ad.  sk. 

Jamaica  (Gosse). 

t.  Ad.  sk. 

Jamaica  (Gosse). 

Jardine  Coll. 

/  Ad.  sk. 

Jamaica  (Osbum). 

Sclater  Coll. 

k.  Ad.  sk. 

Jamaica. 

Sclater  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  sk. 

Jamaica. 

Purchased. 

5.  Blacicns  blancoi 

Blacicus  blancoi,  Gundl.  J.f.  0.  1874,  p.  311,  et  1878,  p.  171;  id. 
An.  Soc.  JSsp.  H.  N,  vii.  p.  196 ;  Cab.  J.f.  O.  1876,  p.  224. 

like  B.  pallidus,  but  larger  and  darker  above.    (Cab.) 
Hah.  Porto  Bice. 

6.  Blacicns  bnmneicapillns. 

Blacicus  brmmeicapillus,  Lawr.  Ann.  JV.  Y.  Ac,  Set,  i.  p.  161 ;  id. 
P.  U,S,  N,  M,  i.  p.  59  (Dominica),  et  viii.  p.  622  (Guadaloupe). 

Above  clear  olive-brown  ;  crown  much  darker  brown ;  wings  and 

b2 


244 

tail  brownish  black,  outer  secondaries  edged  vitb  rery  pale  f  u 
throat  grey,  tinged  with  folTOoa  on  the  lower  part ;  abdomi 
under  wing-ooTerte  reddish  ochreouB ;  whole  length  5-7  i 
wing  2-7,  tail  2-5.     {Lawrence.) 

Hob.  Dominica  and  Gnadalonpe. 
n.  Jr.  sk.  Dominica  (Angiu).  Sclater  Coll, 


7.  BlacicoB  latiroatrie. 
MviobiuB  latiroatiia,  Vtrr.N.  Arch.  d.  Mus.  ii.  Buil.V'  '•^'2,  t. 

(1866);  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.   1871,  p.  271  (S.  Lucia);  Semper,  1 

1872,  p.  660. 
Contopua  latiroBtrie,  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  52;  Cory,  Ibi 

p.  475  (St.  Lucia). 

Above  dark  olive-green ;  rump  slightly  ochraceous ;  win 
tail  dark  brown,  outer  secondaries  slightly  edged  witli  j 
fulvons :  beneath  uniform  dark  ochraceous  red ;  upper  m: 
dark,  lower  pale  yellowish ;  feet  dark  brown :  whole  Icng 
inches,  wing  2'6,  tail  2'5.     Female  similar. 

Hab.  St.  Lucia. 

The  deep  rufous  under-surface  renders  this  species  easily 
sizable.    The  tail  is  slightly  rounded. 


S.  Blaoicvs  barbiroBtrie. 


73.   KTI0CHAKE8.  245 

Oy  6.  Ad.  ak.  Jamaica  (Osbum),  Sclater  ColL 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Jamaica.  '   Sclater  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Jamaica  {Oosse).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Jamaica.  P.  H.  Gosse  [0.1 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Moneague,  Jamaica  (Bryant),  Salyin-Godman  Coll. 

ff.  Ad.  sk.  Moneague,  Jamaica  {Bryant).  Mrs.  Bryant  [P.]. 

L  Ad.  sk.  Moneague,  Jamaica  (0.  Salvin).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

i.  <^  ad.  sk.  Jamaica  (Newton).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

j.  Ad.  sk.  Jamaica.  P.L.Sclater,E8q.[P.J. 

A^/.  Ad.sk.  Jamaica  (C^i^^y).  Jardine  Coll. 

73.  MYIOCHANES*  .^ 

Typo. 
Myiochanes,  Cab.  et  Heine,  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  71  (1859) .    M.  cinereus. 

This  diminutive  form  comes  also  very  near  to  the  smaller  species  of 
OtnUapus,  particularly  C.  brachytarsus.  But  the  bill  is  smaller  and 
the  wings  are  not  quite  so  long. 

Myiochanes  is  found  in  Brazil  and  Ecuador. 

Key  to  the  Species. 

A.  Larger :  cinereous    1.  cinereusy  p.  245. 

B.  Smuler :  blackish     2.  myrescens,  p.  246. 

1.  Myiochajies  cinereus. 

Platyrhynchus  cinereus,  Spix,  Av.  Bras.  ii.  p.  11,  pi.  13.  f.  2. 
Myiarchus  cinereus,  C(A.  Wieym.  Arch.  1847,  i.  p.  248 ;  Burm,  Syst. 

Ueb.  ii.  p.  473. 
Tyrannula  cinerea,  Bp.  Cmisp.  i.  p.  100. 
Contopus  cinereus,  Cab.  Journ.f.  Orn.  i.  1855,  p.  470. 
Myiocnanes  cinereus,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mm.  Hein.  ii.   p.  71 ;  Scl.  Cat. 

A.B.  p.  232;  Pelz.  Orn.  Bras.  p.  IIG;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl. 

p.  52 ;  Reinh.  Fuyelf.  Camp.   Bras.  p.   141 ;  Forbes^  Ibis,   1881, 

p.  343. 
Tyrannula  curtipes,  Sw.  Orn.  Dr.  pi.  54. 

Above  sooty  cinereous,  head  blacker  ;  wings  and  tail  sooty  brown: 
beneath  dirty  cinereous  ;  bill  dark  brown  above,  pale  below ;  feet 
blackish :  whole  length  5*0  inches,  wing  2*9,  tail  2-5.  Female 
similar. 

Hob.  8.E.  Brazil. 

a.  S  ad-  sk.  Pemambuco,  Brazil  (Forbes).  Sclater  Coll. 

b.  (S  ad.  sk.  Rio,  Brazil  (Lund).  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Ypanema,  Brazil  {Natterer).  Sclater  Coll. 

d.  $  ad.  sk.  Sao  Paolo,  Brazil  (Joyner).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


*  The  following  seems  to  be  allied  to  Myiochanes,  but  is  unknown  to  me  :— 

Planchesia  fuliginosa. 
Gk)be-mouohe  brun  de  Cayenne,  Datih.  PI.  Enl.  574.  fig.  1. 
MuBcicapa  fusca,  Bodd.  Table  d.  PI.  Enl.  p.  34  (1783). 
MuBcicapa  fuliginosa,  Gm.  8.  N.  i.  p.  932. 
Plancheaia  fuliginosa,  Bp.  Cat.  Ois.  Cayenne,  p.  12  ;  Sclater,  P.  Z.  8. 1859, 

p.  43. 


246  TiBinimiA. 

2.  KTiochauea  nlgnaofliu. 
Hjriochuiea  nignwceiu,  Sd  el  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  1'>7  (Ecua 
MyiochwieB  cinenioeni,  Taez.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  539  P 

Abore  sooty  blackish,  crown,  winga,  and  tail  rather  da 
beneath  slightly  paler,  rather  more  cineraoeouB ;  upper  man 
dark  brown,  lower  paler  ;  feet  blaokifih  ;  whole  length  4-4  ii 
wing  2-7,  tail  2-3. 

M(^.  Eoaador. 

Quite  distinct  from  M.  eineraeeui,  from  its  imiform  blackish  c 
and  smaller  eize. 

a,  9  ad.  sL        Oualsquiza,  Ecuadot  (JVomt).         Sdater  ColL 
6.  Ad.  sk.  SarajBcu,  Ecuador  (BucHy).  Sdater  Coll. 

c,  d.  Ad.  ek.        Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley).  Salvin-Oodman 

(Types  of  the  sp 

74.  KTIARCHUS*.  ^ 

Myiarchue,  Cab.  in  TuA.  F.  P.,Avei,  p.  152  (1845). .  M.  ferox. 

"  ]>«potina,  Kaup,  1851,"  Gray,  Sand-l.  i.  p.  363  . .  M.  feroi. 

Mjionaz,  Cab.  tt  Seine,  Mut.Bein.  ii.  p.  73  (1859). ,  M.  criniti 

OnychopteniB,  Rachenb.  Av.  Syit.  Nat.  t  Ixv.  (1850)  M.  tuberc 
Kaupomis,  Bp.  Ann.  &.  Nat.  bAt.  It.  Zool.  i.  p.  133 

(1864) M.  stolidi 

"Tarsos  equal  to  or  not  longer  than  Ihe  middle  toe,  wb 
decidedly  longer  than  the  hinder  one.  Bill  wider  at  the  base 
half  the  eulmen.  Tail  broad,  long,  even  or  slightly  rounded, 
equal  to  the  wings,  which  scarcely  reach  the  middle  of  the  tail 
first  primary  shorter  than  the  sixth," — N,  A.  B.  ii,  p.  329. 

Myiarchw  is  distributed  all  over  North  and  South  Amerio 
the  Andlles,  and  extends  to  the  Glalapagos. 


74.  MTIASCSU8.  247 

V.  hmesr  web  of  outer  rectrix  partly 
bladdsh  : 

t  rather  laiger 4  mexieanus,  p.  250. 
rather  amaller   5.  tyrannuiua,  p.  251. 

6^'.  Under  wiiu^-coyeits  rufous 6.  vaUdm,  p.  252. 

If,  '^^thout    rurous  margins  to    the  tail- 
feathers, 
c".  Tail  uniform. 
d".  Cap  brownish, 
r*.  Back  darker : 

tbill  longer 7.  ferox^  p.  253. 
bill  shorter    8.  eephalotes,  p.  254. 

d*.  Back  liffhter 9.  pekelni,  p.  255. 

d".  Cap  black  10.  p/uconotusy  p.  255. 

e"'.  Cap  dark  greyish 11.  pheeocephalusj  p.  255. 

rf".  Tail  with  brown-white  end-spots    . .  12.  apicaluf,  p.  256. 
6.  Smaller^sized  species  (group  of  M,  lawrencii), 
&,  Breast  not  nammulated. 

e".  Rectrices  blackish,  sometimes  with 
slight  rufous  margins. 
/'".  Reistrices    with     narrow     rufous 
margins: 

I  cap  brownish    13.  lawrencii^  p.  256.J 

leap  black 14.  nujricapillusj  p.  267. 

g^'\  Rectrices  without  rufous  margiui^. 
c*.  Cap  black  j  back  olive : 

\  smaller    15.  nigricepSy  p.  258. 

I  larger      1(>.  atricepsj  p.  2''>9. 

£*.  Cap  blackish  J  back  greyish  brown  17.  tncohry  p.  250. 
ftteral  rectrices  on  inner  wtbs  more 
or  less  rufous. 
h'".  Larger  :  bill  longer. 
g^.  Lat.  rectr.  on  inner  webs  rufous 
throughout, 
r'.  Abdomen  palti  sulphur-yellow. 
a*'.  Abdomen  brighter;    prima- 
ries edged  with  ferruginous : 
J  back  lighter ;  bill  broader  .  18.  t/ucafatiensiSyi^.260, 
I  back  darker;  bill  narrower  11).  domifiicensisy-p.  2{X). 
6".  Abdomen   paler ;    primaries 

edged  with  rufous 20.  stofidusy  p.  200. 

d^.  Abdomen  white,  washed  with 

yellowish    21.  sayrcBy  p.  261. 

A*.  Lat.  rectr.  only  rufous  at  eutls  . .   22.  antUlaruniy  p.  262. 

»"'.  Smaller  :  bill  shorter 23.  magniroftrUyp.  262. 

(f.  Breast  flammulated 24.  Jlamniulaius,  p.  268. 

B.  Above  grey  :  beneath  rufous     25.  semvnifuSy  p.  263. 


1.  Myiarchns  crinitus. 

Muscicapa  crinita,  Linn.  S.  N,  i.  p.  325 ;    Wils,  Am.  Om.  ii.  p.  75, 

pi.  13.  fig.  2.  ,  ^ 

Tyrannus  crinitus,  Sw.  Quart.  Joum,  Sc.  xx.  p.  271 ;   ^fax,  J,  /.  O. 

1868,  p.  182. 
Tyrannula  crmita,  Bp.  Corup.  i.  p.  180;  Kaupy  P.  Z.  8.  1851,  p.  51. 
Mviarchufl  crinitus,  Cab.  J.  f.  O.  1855,  p.  479 ;  Baird^  B.  N.  Am. 


1.  232;   6W.  tt  Salv.  Ibis,  1850,  pp.  122, 
;    Baird,  Brew,  et  Bidgw.  K  A.  B.  ii. 
p.  334i  Cwet,  Key  Ii.  A.  B.\mi,f.^i;  Lokt.  Ai%n.  lye.  N.  Y. 
vii.  p.  327  (Panama),  et  U.  p.  115  (Costa  Rica);   Drrater,  Ibt*, 
1865,  p.  473  (Texas) ;  FratUz.  J.f.  O.  1869,  p.  308  (Corta  Rica) ; 
Ounjf  J.  f.  0. 1871.  p.  293,  et  1872,  p.  420  (Cuba) ;  Soacard, 
P.  Z.  8.  1 8t8,  p.  (M  (Costa  Rica) ;   NeMing,  J.  f.  O.  1883,  p.  88 ; 
SitI.  J.f.  0.  1884,  p.  303  (Bucwamangs);  Afem'rt,  P.  U.S.  If.  M. 
i.  p.  137(Teiafl);  JBu^,  Froe.BM.  Soc.  Waih.  iL  p.02;  id.  Man. 
N.A.  S.  p.  333. 
Muacicapa  ludoTidiinn,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  p.  934. 
Tvraimiu  ludovicianuB,  f'ieiU.  Ou.  Am.  Srpt,  i,  p.  7o.  pi.  45. 
jfyiofiax  crinitus,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Ma*.  Han.  ii.  p.  78. 
Myiarcbua  crinitus,  var.  crimtiu,  Couex,  Pr.  At.  Sc.  fkil.  1873,  p.  63. 
Gobe-mouche  huppfi  de  VirKinie,  DaiA.  Ft.  Enl.  509.  fig,  1. 
TjrannuB  irritahiliB,  rieitl.  Enc.  MM.  p.  &47. 
Above  dull  greenish  oli^e ;  crown  brownish  ;  wings  dull  blackish, 
primaries  edged  e^temaUy  with  clear  rufoua,  secundarica  and  wing- 
coverts  bordered  with  whitish ;  tail  blackish  brown  ;  whole  inner 
webs  of  all  the  lateral  rectrices  clear  rufoas  :  beneath,  throat  and 
neck  ashy  ;  abdomen  siilphur-jellow ;  under  wiiig-covcrts  sulphur- 
yellow  ;  inner  margins  of  remiges  fulvous  ;  hill  dark  hom-colour  ; 
feet  blaok  :    whole  length  S  inches,   wing  4'1,  tail  3-5.     Feinah 
similar. 

Hah.  Eoatem  North  America  (in  summer)  and  south  through 
Uexico  and  Central  America  to  Panama  and  Colombia. 

The  darker  ashy  neck  and  brighter  yellow  abdomen  nro  generally 
Boficient  to  distinguish  this  species  from  its  congenere,  besides  the 
greater  amount  of  rufous  in  the  tail-feathers. 

a-o.  Ad.  Ht 
d,  c  d  ad. ;  f-h. 
2  ad.;  I,  Ad.  sk. 
j.  d  ad.  sk. 

k.  Ad.8k. 


I  Ad,  sk. 
I...  Ad.  sk. 

0.  dad.;  ;..  ) 
Jr.sk. 

g.  Ad.  ek. 

r.  Ad.  sk. 

1.  2  ad-  sk. 

(.  (J  ad.  sk. 


Michigan, 

New  Jersey,  U.S.  A.CfCiV- 

New  Yorkfff«rs(). 

Niagara  FiUls. 

Distr.  nf  Colombia,  U.  8.  A. 

(Cow«). 
Distr,  of  Oolorabia-U.  S.  A. 

(ft««), 
Ohoctum,VeraPu«(&iir(n). 
VeraPai, 
Livingston,       Guatemala 

(SaMn). 
Lion       Ilill,        Panama        t 

(McLeannan). 

2.  HyiarchiiB  cinerascena. 


Tweeddflle  Coll. 
J,  Oould.Esq.  [C.r 
Salvin-Uodnian  Coll. 


Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 
J.  Gould,  Esq. 

Salvin-Godraaa  Coll. 


inula  cineraacuns,  Lawr.  Ann.  Luc 
,  &t  et  Salv.  Ibui, 
p.  62;  &tiSM,  1858,  p.440;  id.  P.  Z.  t 


1850,  p.  a»i,  et  1871, 


74.   MTIAB0HU8.  249 

p.  85;  id.  Cat.  A.  ^.  p.  283;    CoiuSj  Pr.  Ac.  Sd.  PhUad.  1872, 

p.  69;  id.  KeyN.A.B.  1884,  p.  436;   Boucard,  P.  Z.  8. 1878, 

p.  64  (CoBta  Kica) ;   MerriU,  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  i.  p.  141  (Texas) ; 

EidjpD.  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  i.  p.  424,  et  v.  p. 641  (California);  id.  Man. 

N»  A.  B,  p.  338« 
MyioDax  mezicaniis,  Cab,  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  74. 
MjriarchaB  mexicanus,  Baird,  B,  N,  A,  p.  179 ;  Cocpery  Om.  Cal.  i. 

p.  316. 
Myiarchus  pertinax,  Baird,  Pr.  Ac.  Sci.  Philad.  1869,  p.  303  (Cape 

S.  Lucas). 
Myiarchus  crinitus,  var.  cinerascens,  Baird,  Breip,  et  Ridgto,  N,  A. 

B.  ii  pp.  332,  337. 

Above  ashy  brown,  with  very  slight  olivaceous  tingo;  wings 
blackish,  primaries  narrowly  margined  with  rufous,  secondaries  and 
coverts  more  broadly  with  dirty  white ;  tail  blackish,  with  the  inner 
webs  of  the  lateral  rectrices  clear  rufous  except  at  the  tips,  which 
are  blackish  like  the  outer  webs :  beneath,  throat,  neck,  and  breast 
pale  cinereous ;  belly  and  under  wing-coverte  very  pale  lemon- 
yellow  ;  inner  margins  of  remiges  pale  rufous ;  bill  horn-colour ; 
feet  blackish :  whole  length  8  inches,  wing  4,  tail  3*7.  Female 
similar. 

Hah,  California,  Arizona,  Texas,  and  Western  Mexico  to 
Guatemala. 

This  western  species  is  noticeably  different  from  Af.  crinitus  in 
its  much  paler  colouring  below  and  in  the  black  tips  of  the  lateral 
rectrices,  which  extend  over  both  webs.  As  regards  the  last- 
mentioned  feature,  however,  I  have  had  great  difficulty  in  drawing 
the  line  in  southern  specimens  between  this  species  and  M.  mexi- 
canus. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  California.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

b.  Ad.  sk.  California.  Lord      Walsingham 


jlater 


c.  Ad.  sk.  Fort    Yuma,    Cal.    {Moll-  Sclater  Coll. 

hausen). 

dj  e.  2  jr.  sk.  Cape    San    Lucas,    Lower  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

California  {Xantiis). 

f.  cJ  ad.  sk.  La  Paz,  Lower   California  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

{Forrer). 

g.  Ad.  sk.  North  Mexico  (  Ward).  Sclater  Coll. 

A.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Juchitan,    Mexico    {Sumi-  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

chrast). 

ijj.  cJ  5  ad.  sk.      Mazatlan,  W.  Mexico  {For-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

rer), 

k.  Ad.  sk.  S.  Juan,  Mexico  (Bebotich).  Sclater  Coll. 

/,  m.  $  ad.  sk.         Oaxaca,  W.  Mexico  (Feno-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

chio). 

n.  Ad.  sk.  Mexico.  J.  Gould,  Esq.  [P.]. 

o.  Ad.  sk.  Mexico.  Purchased. 

p,q»  6  2  ^'  ®^'      Barranco  Hondo,  Volcan  de  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Fuego,  Guatemala  (Salv.) . 

r.  P  ad.  sk.  Duenas,  Guatemala  (Salv.).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

«.  Ad.  sk.  Choacus,  Guatemala  (Salv.).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

t.  Ad.  sk.  Guatemala.  Sclater  Coll. 


S50  TTBAKBIDj:. 

3.  HTiajchoB  nnttingL 
Myinrdius  nattingi,  Jiidffw.  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  v.  p.  399, 

(KicBTWUB) ;  id.  Pne.  BM.  Soc.  Wash.  ii.  p.  93 ; 

rfenrly  aimilar  to  M.  mMcieaniut  and  M.  cinerasoem,  but  with  the 
inner  weba  of  all  the  lateral  rectrioea  dthyr  wholly  niiom  or  with  a 
very  narrow  strip  of  blackiah  next  to  the  shaft  on  the  outer  feather. 
(Bidgwaj/.) 

Hab.  Tehuantepec  and  south  te  Costa  Itica  and  Nicaragiua. 

I  have  as  yet  seen  only  one  example  of  thia  apparently  somewhnt 
doubtful  apeoiea,  which  comeB  very  near  M.  7nbeieaim.i. 

a.  ?  ftd.  sk.  Costa  Rica  (Can!iiv[).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


I 


Tyrannulft  raeiicana,  Kauji,  P.  Z.  S.  IS'Jl,  p.  51. 

MjiarcliUB  cooperi,  Jiaird.  S.  N.  Am.   p.   ISO;    Sri.  P.Z.S.  1850, 

p.  381 ;   ill.  Jba,   ]85().  p.  440  (Jlexico)  ;    id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  232  ; 

Set.  et  Salv.  IbU,  1859,   p.  i2-i  (Ouatamala) ;    iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1870, 

p.  837  (Uondums). 
Mviarchus  orinitiis  cooperi,  Conat,  Pr.  Ac.  Sc.  Phil.  1873,  p,  67 ;  id. 

'Key,  1884,  p.  435;  Baird,  Brew,  el  Bidgic.  X.  A.  B.  \\.  p.  331. 


[yiarchuB  meiicanus,  Vreuer,  Ha*,  186S,  p.  473  (Texas) ;  Scl  P.  Z.  S. 

1871,  pp.  84,  85;   fiW.  e(  Sale,  ifomend.  p.  53 ;   Sidaw.  Pr.  U.S. 

y.  M.  iii.  p.  13 ;  id.  Man.  N.  A.  S.  p.  333. 
MyiarchuB  cnnitus  erj^tlirucurcuB,  Couei  rt  Sean.  Bull.  U.S.  O.  IS.  it. 

p.  82  (Texas) ;  Cuutu,  Efy,  1884,  p.  436. 
Myiarchua  erjrtlirocereiu,  var,  cooperi,  Biilgw.  P.  U.S.  y.  M.  i, 

p.  i;i8, 
Myiarchiis  mexicanus  mt^ater,  Ridgw.  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  WaA.  ii. 

p.  00;  id.  Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  333. 
Myiarchus  erytlirocureus,  Brewer,  Ibis,  1878,  p.  203  (Texas). 


Above  brownish  cinereous,  crown  rather  darker;  wings  blackish, 
primariee  narrowly  edged  with  rufous,  aecondariea  and  coverts  more 
broadly  with  dirty  white ;  tail  blackish,  all  the  lateral  rectricos  with 
the  greater  part  of  the  inner  web  rufous,  leaving  only  a  narrow 
blackish  border  alongside  the  shaft ;  beneath,  throat  and  breast  pale 
oinereoua ;  belly  and  under  wing-covorls  pale  sulphur-yellow  ;  inner 
raarginsofrectrioes  pale  rufous;  bill  dark  horn-oolour;  feet  blackish ; 
whole  length  T*B  inchea,  wing  4,  tail  3'5.     Female  aimilar. 

Hub.  Mexieo,  Yncatan,  and  Honduras. 

I  confesa  I  cannot  see  the  necessity  for  dividing  this  species  into 
two  subspecies  solely  on  size,  aa  Mr.  Ridgway  has  done ;  nor  do  I 
anderstand  the  supposed  geographical  boundaries  between  the  two 
subspecies,  The  apecimen  that  agrees  best  with  T.  metctcaiut  of  Kanp 
is  specimen  a  ;  specimen  b,  from  Oaxaca,  is  nearly  similar,  but  very 
slightly  longer  in  the  wing.  These  are  from  WesterD  Mexico,  but 
BO  are  also  e  and  /  (from  the  Tres  Marias),  which  are  decidedly 
lai^r.  Again,  in  the  series  from  Yucatan  and  its  islands  there  is 
much  diversity  in  size.  So  on  the  whole  I  rather  doubt  whether 
the  aize  has  much  to  do  with  the  distribution. 


74.  xniBCHUB.  251 

a.  Ad.  ak,              Atlisco,  Mexico  (Baucard),  Sdater  ColL 

&.  <;  ad.  ak,           Oaxaca,W.  Mexico  (i^tfno^ib).  Salvin-Godman  Ooll 

e.  Ad.  ak.              South  Mexico  (Baucard),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  ak.             Mexico.  Sclater  Coll. 

^/*  c^  $  ad,  ak.    Tree    Marias    lalands,    W.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Mexico  (Forrer), 

if.  Ad.  ak.             Merida,  Yucatan  (Gaumer),  Sclater  Coll. 

Ay  i.  Ad.  ak.           Northern  Yucatan  (Gaumer).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/-o.  Ad.  ak.           Cozumel  I.,  Yucatan  (Gau-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

mer), 

p-x.  Ad.  ak.          Ruatan  I.,  Bay  of  Honduras  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

{Gaumer), 

ff.  Ad.  ak,              San  Pedro,  Honduras  {G,  M.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Whitely). 


5.  Myiarchns  tTrannulus. 

Tyrannus  cayanensis  minor,  Briss.  Orn.  ii.  p.  400. 

tie  petit  TyTtm  de  Cayenne,  Datib.  PI.  Enl.  571.  fig.  1. 

Muacicapa  tyrannulus,  P.  L.  S.^  Mull.  Naturs.  Suppl,  p.  1G9  (1776). 

Myiarchua  tyrannulus,  White,  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  008  (rep.  Arg.)  j  Scl. 
et  Huda,  Arg.  Orn.  i.  p.  15i3. 

Muacicapa  aurora,  Bodd.  Table  d.  PI.  Enl  p.  :}4  (1783). 

Muscicapa  ferox,  ft  Gm,  S,  N.  i.  p.  934  (1788). 

Suiriri  pardo  y  roxo,  Azara,  Apunt.  ii.  p.  143. 

Tyrannus  crinitus,  Hartl.  hid.  Az.  p.  13 ;  d'Orb.  Voy.,  Ois.  p.  306. 

Tyrannus  irritabilis,  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  189. 

IVrannus  ferox,  VieUl.  Enc.  Meth.  p.  848. 

Myiarchus  ferox,  Burm.  Syst.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  470  ( $  ) ;  Pelz.  Orn.  Bras, 
p.  116  (part). 

Myiarchus  erythrocercus,  Scl.  et  Solo.  P.  Z.  S.  18G8,  p.  631  (Vene- 
zuela) ;  lid.  Noniencl.  p.  52 ;  Sd.  P.  Z.  S.  1871,  p.  271  (St.  Lucia); 
WyaU,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  333  (Colombia) ;    Semper,  P.  Z.  S.  1872, 

£.  650  (St.  Lucia);    Salv.  et   Godm.  Ibis,  1880,  p.  125  (Santa 
[arta);  Tacz.  Orn.  Pir.  ii.  p.  320 ;  Berl.  Ibis,  1883,  p.  140. 
Myiarchus  crinitus,  var.  irritabilis,  Coues,  Pr,  Ac.  Sc.  Phil.  1872, 
p.  66 ;   Baird,  Breio,  et  Ridgw.  N.  A.  B.  ii.  p.  331  (part.). 


Indies)  ;  Cory,  Ibis,  1886,  p.  473  (St.  VinceDt). 
Myiarchus  erythrocercus,  var.  erythrocercus,  Ridgw.  Pr.  U.S.  N.  M, 
1.  p.  140. 

Similar  to  M,  meoncanns,  but  rather  smaller  in  dimensions. 

Hab.  Southern  Antilles  and  South  America  down  to  Argentine 
BepubHc. 

As  Graf  v.  Berlepsoh  has  pointed  out  (Ibis,  1883,  p.  139,  note  J, 
the  figure  in  the  *  Planches  Enluminces,'  upon  which  the  names 
Muse,  tyrannulus,  Miiller,  and  M,  aurora,  Bodd.,  were  based,  clearly 
belongs  to  this  species,  with  rufous  inner  webs  to  the  t-ail-feathers, 
which  Mr.  Salvin  and  I  distinguished  as  erythrocercus  when  we  first 
became  acquainted  with  it.  I  think  it  right,  therefore,  to  restore 
the  oldest  name  to  this  species. 


253 

TrBAsmaiR. 

^H 

o.  Ad.  at 

Jftmaioa  (P). 

Grennda,  West  Indies  {Ober). 

p.  e.  Ooaae  [P.l. 
Saivin-GodmQnCoU. 

(.  J.d.d.. 

ad.sk. 
g.  Ad.  «k. 

Grenada,  WestlndieaCWoy^). 

Sekter  Coll. 

Novis,  West  Indies, 

W.Cottle.  Esq.  [CI. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

A.  5  Od.  Bk. 

St.Viucent.W.lndie»(iMfaf), 

i,j.  d  ?  ad.  ak. 

St.  Vincent,  W.  Indies  (Rkh- 

ardton). 
Dominica,  W.  Indies  (Obtr). 

Sckt«r  Coll. 

ft,/.  rf?ad.ak. 

SdaterColl. 

m.  Ad.  flk. 

Dora inicOjW, Indies  [Taylor). 
8t.  Lucia,  W.  Indiea  (  SBmper) , 

Sclater  Ck>ll. 

n,o.  .A.d.al£. 

Sclator  Coll, 

p.  Ad.slt. 

Tobago  (rAiraft). 

Sclater  Coll. 

?.  2  <ui,  »k. 

Santa  Marta,  U.S,C,(Swwm.). 

Salrin-Godman  Coll. 

r.  Ad.  Bk, 

Caracas,  Venezuel  a  ( Ooerhtii) . 

Sekter  CoU, 

*.  Ad.  ak. 

Trinidad, 

Solvin-CJodnian  Coll. 

t.  Ad.  ak. 

Cayenne  {Jeliki). . 

Sekter  Coli. 

B.    Ad,  Bk. 

Sorayacu,  E.  Peru, 

E.  Bartlett  [C.]. 

D.  Ad.  ak. 

Hng,  do  QaniB,  Brazil  {Nal- 

Salrin-Godinan  Coll. 

»,  £  od,  sk. 

Salvin-Qodman  CoH. 

terer). 
Bahia,  Brasdl  (  WtuAtfcr). 

X,  y.  Ad.  8k. 

Salvin-Godman  CoU, 

(.  Ad.  ak. 

Btthia,  Brazil, 

8ckt«r  Coll, 

«',  Ad.  ek. 

Bolivia, 

lll^^l-' 

h\  Ad.  sk. 

CntHmarca,.\rg,Rep.(jrAi7e}. 

^^H 

6.  MjriarcJma  TalidoB. 

^^^H                         l8(tl,p.T 

ttlidua.  Cab.  Wkjpn.  Arch.  1847 

L  p.  351 ;  Sd.  P.  Z.  S. 

;  Scl.HSalv.Xmimd. 

U (■  Jamaica  1 ;  id.  Oil.  A.B.o.  232 

^^^H                          p.63;  Cbu^f,  iV.  ^^.  ».  Phil.\%T2,iM; 

Baird,  Brmi.  et  Rtdgu;. 

^^^H 

li.  p.  a^i. 

^^^^^V                    TjTannuscr 

witus,  Ooite,  B.  Jam.  p.  180, 

^^                     Tvrnnnula  goswi,  5p.  Oji^j).  i.  p.  fSO ;  Siun,  P.  Z.  S.  1851,  p.  51.        ■ 

Myionux  validus,  Cah.  et  Han.  Mui.  Hrin.  u 

p.                                    H 

AboTO  brownish  cinereous,  orown  darker ; 

with  rufous ;  tail  blaj^kish,  the  lat«ral  rectrioos  with  the  greater     ^| 

poTtioR  of  tho 

inner  webs  and  narrow  edgings  to  the  outer  webs      H 

ruEons,  leaving  oaly  a  blapk  liuo  alonK  the  shaft ;  beneath,  throat      ■ 

and  breaat  pal 

0  cinereouH ;    abdoraen  pale  snlphur-yeJlow ;  under      ■ 

wing-coverts  pslo  rufous ;  bill  dark  horn-co!o 

ar,  base  of  the  lower       ■ 

feet  blackiah  ;   whole  length 

8-5  inches,  wing  4,       ■ 

tail  3'!l.     Femah  similar. 

I 

Hah.  Jamaica. 

I 

The  nifoua  wing-edginga,  Mvoub  under  wing-coverts,  and  greater       H 

amotiDt  of  rufuuB  in  the  tail  at  once  distinguish  this  well-marked      | 

species. 

I 

a.  Ad.  «k. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll.      I 

h.  Ad.  ak. 

Moneague,  Jamaica  (Salvia). 

Sid^dn-S^au'CoU.       1 

c.  Ad.  flk. 

Near  Spaiuah  Town,  Jamaica 
.Tainaica  (Attfn). 

d.  Ad.  sk. 

Sclater  CoU.                    1 

».  Ad,  sk. 

Jamaica  (OoHc). 

Scioter  CoU.                    ■ 

.  Adak. 

Jamaica. 

Salvin-Godman  ColL      ■ 

74.   ICTIABOHITS.  253 


7.  Myiarchus  ferox. 

INnraimuB  cayanenais,  Briss.  Om.  ii.  p.  388. 

Muaclcapa  ferox,  Om.  8,  N,  i.  p.  034 ;  Max.  Beitr,  iii.  p.  855. 

Tyranims  ferox^  cPOrb,  Voy,,  Ois.  p.  30G. 

Myiaichus  ferox.  Cab.  Orn.  Not.  i.  p.  248 ;  id.  Schomb.  Quian.  iii. 

p.  700;  8cL  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  150  (Bogota) ;  id.  Cat.  A.  5.  p. 233; 

Cab.  ^  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  li.  p.  73 ;  Burm.  Syst.   TJ(h,  ii.  p.  470 

($);  Taylor, Ibis,  1804,  p.  87  (Trinidad);  Euler,J.f.  O.  1867, 

p.  228  (Brazil) ;  Sd.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  578  (Lower  Amazons), 

1^,  p.  168  (Venezuela),  et  1873,  p.   281   (E.  Peru) ;  Beitth. 

Fuylef.  Camp.  Bras.  p.  141 ;  Scl.  et  Huds.  Arg.  Om.  i.  p.  1 56. 
Myiarcnus  tyrannulus,  Coues,  Pr.  Ac.  Phil.  1872,  p.  71 ;  Scl.  et 

Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  615  (Antioquia)  et  p.  616  (BoUvia) ;  iid. 

Nomencl.y.  52;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1872,  p.  2l>;  id.   Om.  Pir.  ii. 

p.  321;  Bairdy  Brew,  et  Bidgw.  N.  A.  B.  ii.  p.  330;  Salv.  et 

Godm.  Ibis,  1880,  p.  125  (St.  Marta) ;  Farbes^  Ibis,  1881,  p.  343 

(N.E.  Brazil) ;   White,  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  008  (rep.  Arg.) ;   Salv. 

Ibis,  1885,  p.  298  (Br.  Guiana) ;  Barrows,  Bull.  Nutt  Om.  CI. 

nii.  p.  202  (Entrerios). 
Mjiarcnus  swainsoni,  Cah.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Ilein.  ii.  p.  72 ;  Scl.  Cat. 

A.  B.  p.  233 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  101  (rep.  .Vrg.). 
Myiarchus  cantans,  Pelz.  Orn.  Bras.  p.  117  ;  Berl.  Ibis,  1883,  p.  139; 

BerLetJher.  Zeilschr.  yes.  Orn.  1885,  p.  137  (Rio  Grande  do  Sul). 
Myiarchus  panamonsis,  Lawr.   Ann.  L.    N.    Y.  vii.  pp.  284,  295 

(Panama),  et  ix.  p.  115  (Costa  Rica) ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1864, 

p.  360  (Panama);  Frantz.  J.  f.   O.  1869,  p.  308  (Costa  Rica); 

S(Uv.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  199  (Veragua) ;  Bouc.  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  64 

(Costa  Rica). 
Myiarchus  venezuelensis,  Lawr.  Pr.  Ac.  iSc.  Phil.  1865,  p.  38 ;  Scl. 

et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1868,  p.  632  (Venezuela). 
Myiarchus  ferocior,  Cab.  J.f.  O.  1883,  p.  214  (rep.  Arg.). 

Above  dark  cinereous,  more  or  less  olivaceous  ;  wings  and  tail 
blackish,  wing-coverts  and  outer  secondaries  with  more  or  less 
defined  edgings  of  dirty  white :  beneath,  throat  and  breast  cinereous ; 
abdomen  and  under  wing-coverts  sulphur-yellow  ;  bill  dark  brown ; 
feet  blackish  :  whole  length  70  inches,  wing  30,  tail  3-4.  Female 
similar. 

Hah.  From  Veragua  throughout  South  America  to  Argentine 
Eepnblic. 

As  has  been  pointed  out  by  Graf  von  Berlepsch  (Ibis,  1883,  p.  139), 
Omelin's  Muscicapa  fero.v  was  based  primarily  on  Brisson's  Tyrannus 
cayanensis,  which  is  certainly  this  species,  and  not  on  PI.  Enl.  671, 
fig.  2,  as  has  been  generally  assumed.  I  think,  therefore,  that  we 
cannot  well  avoid  using  the  specific  name  ''ferox  "  for  this  bird. 

a.  S  ad.  sk.         Calovevora,  Veragua  {Arci).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Veragua  {ArcS).  Sclater  Coll. 

e,  d.  Ad.  sk.         Panama  (McLeannan).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e,f.  Ad.  sk.         Panama  (McLeannan).  Sclater  Coll. 

gjh,%.  Ad.  sk.     Panama  {McLeannan).  Tweeddale  Coll. 

j.  Ad.  ak.  Paraiso  Station,  Panama  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

(Hughes'). 

h.  Ad.  sk.  Santa  Marta,  U.  S.  C.  {Simons).  Salvin-Oodman  CoU. 


264 

TTBiirania. 

^H 

I.  Ad.  Ji. 

Santa  Elena,  U.  S.  C.  (.Salmon). 

SalviQ-Oodman  Coll. 

m.  Aiak. 

Bogota, 

Sclater  C'oU. 

n.  Ad.Bk. 

B(^t«. 

Purchaaed. 

0.  ^.  Ad.  tk. 

Sau  Eateban,  VenMuela  (Ooe- 
Venezuela  (Gofriag). 

Sclater  Coll. 

p.  Ad.  ah. 

Salvin-Uodman  Coll. 

g.  Ad.  sk. 

Trinidad. 

i^later  Coll. 

r.  Ad.  sk. 

TobMio  (ffiVt). 

Sclater  CoU. 

*.    Ad.  Bk. 

Sarayapu,  Ecuador  (Buctfcy). 

Snlvin-Goilman  CoIL 

(.  Ad.  dc. 

Eastern  Peru, 

Sclater  Coll. 

U.    Ad.  8k. 

PebriB,  E.  Peru  (Ifaar^O). 

Sclater  Coll 

D.   $  ad.sk. 

Pebas,  E.  Peru  (Wau^wtf). 

Salvin-Oodraan  GoU. 

w.  cf  Bd.  ak. 

Yuriniflguas,  E.  Peru  (BartUU). 

SiilTin-Oodman  Coll. 

.i-.   J  ad.  ak. 

Chamicums,  E.  Peru. 

E.  Bnrtlett  [C.} 
E.  liarilstt  [0.1. 

y.  S  lid.  ak. 

Santa  Cm*.  E.  Peru, 

z.  Iad.sk. 

XeberoB,  E.  Peru  (BaHkU). 

Salvin-Oodmon  Coll. 

rt',  S'.  Ad.  sk. 

XeberoB.  E.  Peru  (Bm-aeu). 

Sclater  Coll. 

c:  a  tiA.sk. 

Upper  Ueayali. 

TUotilo,  Prov.  Yungss,  Bolivia 

K  Bartlett  [C,]. 

d:  Ad.  ak. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e' /.  Ad.  ak. 

Typuani,  Bolivia  (Buckley). 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

;f'  h'.  Ad.  ak. 

Typuani,  BoUvla  (BueWey). 

Sclater  OoU. 

■  '.  Ad.  ak. 

Lraf- 

f.  Ad.  ak. 

BnliTJa. 

>.  Ad.  sk. 

British  Guiiina. 

Ckev.  Schomburgk 
Siavin'-GodniRn  Coll. 

f.m'.  dad-Bk. 

Bartica  Grove,  British  Quiana 

( WAiUls). 

n>'.  dftd.ak. 

CamacuBB,  Britiah  Giuana 

SalTin-Godman  CoU. 

f.'.  2  ftd.  ak. 

g'.Al^. 

Island  of  Mexiana,  Lower  AniBr 

Salrin-Oodman  CoU. 

xom  (Wallace). 

r'.  Ad.  ak. 

Pani  (  Wallace). 

Sclater  Coll. 

»;  f.  Ad.  ak. 

Pemambuco,  Brndil  (Forbn). 

Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

,                        M',oW.Ad.ak 

BBliiH,  Brmiil  [  Wuditrcr). 

Salvin-Godmao  Coll. 

J.'.  Ad.  ak. 

Bahia,  BrazU, 

Sclater  CoU. 

«'.  Ad.  ak. 
V.   i  ftd.  sk. 

Brazil. 

ScUter  Coll. 

Sapeliba,  BrazU  (Natttrer). 

Sclater  Coll. 

(Authentic  apacimen  of  M.  cantons,  Pelt.)           '| 

a".   ,J  ttd.  fJc. 

Sao  Paolo,  Brazil  (Joyncr). 

Salvin-Oodiann  Coll. 

6".  Ad.ak. 

Pelotas,  Rio  Omnde  do  Sul, 
Brazii  (Jotflter). 

Salvin-Qoduian  Coll. 

e".  Ad.  sk. 

Punta  Lara,  Buenoa  Ayrea. 

H.  Durnford  [C.l. 

d'.  6  fid.  ak. 

MendoKa,   Aig.  Hep.  '(  Wd»- 
hanpl}. 

hmipt). 
Vicinity  of  Buenos  Avres  (Saste- 

Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

e",/'.  Ad.  ak. 

Purchased. 

y",  Ad.  ak. 

Saltin-Godnian  Coll. 

hust). 

8.  UTiarclius  cephalotea 

Myierchus 

cephalotes,  Tacz.  P.  7..  S.  1870,  p. 
.  b.  D.  322 :  Meich.  v.  fkhal.  J.  f.  0 

07],etlfW2,p.2aj  a. 

Om,i¥i 

ie«),p.  317;  Tatt.et 

Ber/.  P.  Z.  4£  1885,  p.  93  (Ecuador). 

Mjiarclius 

ietoi,  Ttch.  F.  P.,  Ate»,  p,  163  (?) 

^ 

^^^ 

74.   MTIABCHIT8.  265 

Similar  to  Jf.  ferox^  but  bill  shorter ;  outer  margin  of  external 
rectriz  more  distinctly  white,  and  whitiah  margins  of  wing-coverts 
and  secondaries  more  strongly  marked:  whole  length  7*0  inches, 
wing  3*8,  tail  3*7.    Femalt  similar. 

Hcih.  Western  Fern  and  Ecuador. 

I  cannot  say  that  I  am  at  all  satisfied  as  to  the  claims  of  this 
form  for  specific  distinction. 

a.  c^  ad.  ak.  Tamiapampa,  Peru  (^Stohmann),  Sclater  Coll. 
(.  $  ad.  sk.  Chirimoto,  Peru  (Stdzmann).  Sclater  Coll. 
c,  d.  Ad.  ak.        Chirimoto,  Peru  (^StohmaniC),         Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Authentic  specimens.) 

9.  Myiarchus  pelzelni. 
Myiarchus  pelzelni,  Berl,  Ibis,  1883,  p.  139. 

Similar  to  M,  ferox^  but  of  much  paler  colouring ;  back  olive- 
grey  and  not  olive-brown ;  cap  rather  lighter ;  throat  and  breast 
more  whitish  ;  bill  longer  and  paler  in  colour. 

Hab»  S.E.  Brazil  and  Cayenne. 

I  am  also  not  quite  certain  that  this  form  is  anything  more  than 
a  variety  of  M,  ferox.  Count  v.  Berlepsch  has  kindly  supplied  me 
with  one  of  his  typical  specimens,  and  a  skin,  apparently  from 
Cayenne,  seems  to  agree  quite  well  with  it. 

a.  Ad.  ak.  Bahia,  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll.      (One 

of  the  types.) 
h.  Ad.  ak.  Oyapoc,  Cayenne.  Sclater  CoU. 

10.  Myiarchus  phseonotus. 

Myiarchus  pheeonotus,  Salv.  et  Godm.  Ibisy  1883,  p.  207 ;  Salv.  Ibis. 
1885,  p.  298  (Brit.  Guian.). 

Above  greyish  black,  cap  darker  black  ;  wings  and  tail  blackish, 
wing-coverts  and  outer  secondaries  margined  with  dirty  white : 
beneath,  throat  and  upper  breast  pale  greyish  :  abdomen  and  under 
wing-coverts  pale  sulphur-yellow  ;  bill  and  feet  black  :  whole  length 
6*5  inches,  wing  3*5,  tail  3*5.     Female  similar. 

Hab,  Interior  of  British  Guiana. 

The  dark-coloured  back  and  black  head  distinguish  this  species 
from  Jf.  ferox, 

a,  $  ad.  ak.         Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana  (fTAiife/y).   Salvin-Godman  Coll, 
6,  c.  cJ  ad. ;  d,     Merum^  Mts.,  Brit.  Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

5  ad.  ak.  ( Whitely),  (Tvpes  of  the  species.) 

e.  $  ad.  ak.        Merum^  Mts.,  Brit.  Guiana  Sclater  Coll. 

(  WMtely). 

11.  Myiarchus  phssocephalus. 

Myiarchus  phaeocephalua,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  281  (Ecuador) ; 
id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  233  ;  Lawr.  Ann.  L.  N,  Y.  ix.  p.  237  (Puna  I.) : 
Coues,  Pr.  Ac.  Sc.  Phil.  1872,  p.  73 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Namenel.  p.  62 ; 


Z66  TTEAiomjA 

row.  P.  2.8. 1877,0.326;  id.  Om.  Fir.  vlv- S^ ;  Sen.tt 
P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  S69,  et  1866,  pp.  83, 122  (Ecuador). 
Mjiiuclius  tjTannulus,  rar.  phteocephaluB,  Baird,  Brew,  et  2 
JV.  A.  B.  a.  p.  330. 

Above  oIivac«OQB  grey,  crown  dark  grey ;  winge  blackish, 
narrow  vtaitiah  edgings  to  the  pTiroaries  and  borders  of  the 
colour  to  the  aecondaries  and  coverts ;  tail  blackish,  with  li 
apical  edgings  :  beneath,  throat  and  neck  pale  greyish  ;  abdomc 
under  wing-ooverta  pale  aulphur-yellow  ;  whole  length  7'0  ii 
wing  3'5,  toil  3-4.     Female  similar. 

Hnb,  Western  Ecuador  and  Western  Peru. 

Very  closely  allied  to  M.  ferox,  but  apparenUy  recognizable 
greyish  back  and  dark  grey  head. 

a.  ^  hA.;  b.  ad.    Babahojo,  Ecuador  (D^ater).  Sclatci  Coll. 

u.  (Types  of  the  spi 

c,  d.  Ad.  sk.        Sta.  Rite,  Ecuador  {BueUey).  ^iTUi-Godmai 

e.  Ad.  sk.            Balzar  Mts.,  Ecuador  (lUwff-  Salvin-Oodmai 
tour (A). 

12.  Hyiarchnfl  apicalia. 
UTiaxchuB  apicalis,  Sei.  et  Salv.  Ibit,  1881,  p.  269 ;  Reich,  u. 
J./.  0. 1882,  p.  217. 

Above  dark  olivaceous ;  head  blackish ;  wings  blackish ;  ' 
coverts  and  secondaries  slightly  edged  with  whitish ;  tail  blac 
outer  web  of  outer  roctiix  and  broad  apical  spot  on  all  the  L 
rectrices  white :  beneath,  throat  and  neck  grey ;  abdomen  audi 
wing-coverts  pale  snlphor-yellow ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  li 
7  inches,  wing  3-5,  taU  3-3. 

Bah.  Interior  of  Columbia. 

The  broad  apical  white  spots  on  the  lateral  taJl-fcathers  a 


74.  MTIAB0HU8.  257 

Myiarchus  lawrendi  olivascens,  Ridgw.  Proc,  Biol.  Soc.    Wash,  ii. 

p.  91 ;  id.  Man.  N.  A.  B.jp.  336. 
Myiaichus  platyrhvnchus,  Midgw.  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash,  iii.  p.  23 : 

id.  Man.  N.  A.  i.  p.  335  (P). 

Above  doll  oliye-green ;  head  brownish  ;  wings  and  tail  blackish, 
with  narrow  rofons  external  margins :  beneath,  throat  aud  neck 
pale  cinereous;  abdomen  and  under  wing-coverts  pale  sulphur- 
yellow  ;  bill  horn-colour ;  feet  black :  whole  length  7  inches,  wing 
3*5,  tail  3*4.     Female  similar. 

Hah.  Mexico,  Yucatan,  Guatemala,  and  Honduras. 

No  precise  line  can  be  drawn  between  this  and  the  following 
species,  which  pass  gradually  one  into  the  other.  {Cf.  Baird, 
Brewer,  and  Kidgw.  N.  A.  B.  ii.  p.  333.)  But  I  am  inclined  to 
refer  all  the  Guatemalan  series  to  the  present  form. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Mexico  (^Sall^),  Sclater  Coll. 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Orizaba,  Mexico  {Batter i).  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Orizaba  (Botteri),  Purchased. 

d.  (^  ad.  ek,  Mazatlan,  W.  Mexico  (Jorrer).  Sal  viu-Ciodman  Coll. 
e,/.  S  $  ad.  sk.  Tres    Marias   I.,    W.    Mexico  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

{Forrer). 

^,A.  Ad.  sk.  Northern  Yucatan  (6'fli/7/2^r).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

i-y.  Ad.  sk.  CozumelL,  Yucatan (6^aMw/^r).  Sulvin-Godnian  Coll. 

q.  Ad.  sk.  Vicinity  of  13elize,  Brit.  Hon-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

duras  {Blancuneauv). 

r.  5  ad.  sk.  Sources  of  Kio  de  la  Pasion,  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Guatemala  (Salvin). 

8,t.  Ad.  sk.  Cohan,  Vera  Paz.  ().  Salvin,  Esq.  [P.]. 

1*.  $  ad.  sk.  Duenas,  Guatemala  (*Sa/rm).  Salvin-Crodman  Coll. 

V,  5  ad.  sk.  Duenas  (Frascr).  Jardine  Coll. 

IT.  cT  ad.  sk.  Vol  can  de   A^rua,  above    San  Salvin-Godman  Col . 

Diego  (Salvhi). 

X.  Ad.  sk.  Volcjin  de  A^^ua  (Salvin).  Sdater  Coll. 

y.  9  ad.  sk.  Yaxcamnal,(Tuatemala(6'rt/i.'?«).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

«.  Jr.  sk.  Honduras  {Mather).  Sclater  Coll. 

a'.  Jr.  sk.  Honduras.  Dyson  [C.I. 

h\  Ad.  sk.  San  Pedro,  Honduras  ( jr^iVety).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

14.  Mjriarchus  nigrlcapillus. 

Myiarchus  lawrencii,  Cah.  J.f.  O.  1801 ,  p.  240  ;  Later.  Ann.  L.  N.  Y, 
viii.  p.  182,  et  ix.  p.  204  ;  Frantz.  J.  f.  0.  1809,  p.  308  (Costa 
Kica);  Boucard,  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  (U. 

Myiarchus  lawrencii  ni^capillus,  Bidgw,  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  vi.  pp.  384, 
393  (Nicaragua). 


1869.  p.  308  (Costa  Rica). 
Myiarchus  tristis,  var.  nigricapillus,  Baird,  Brew,  et  Rid(jw.  N.  A,  B. 
li.  p.  333. 

Similar  to  M.  lawrencii,  but  cap  sooty  black,  and  yellow  abdomen 
brighter. 

Ilab.  Costa  Rica,  Nicaragua,  and  Veragua. 

VOL.  XT?.  « 


a,  b.  Ad.  Bk.  CoaU  Rica  (Mut.  Berol.).  Sclater  Coll. 


e.  Ad.  Bk.  Costa  Bicft  (CarmibQ.  Salvin-Co 

d.  Ad.sk.  San  Jo!<^,  Costa  Rica  (CarmioT).  Salvin-Godman  Ci 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Tucuniqui,  Costa  lUca  (^Arel).  Salviu-Cioduan  C^ 
/.  (J  ad.  ek.  Pacnare,  Costa  llica  [Carmid).  Salrin-Godman  Ci 
g.  Jr.  ik.  Iraiu      districtj     Coata      Rica  Salvin-Oodman  C' 

{Rogers).  Salvin-Oodman  Ci 

A.  Ad.  sk.  CoBta  Rica.  Purchased. 

t.  Ad.  ak.  Blewfielde,  Nicaragua   (  Wiek-  Salviu<Godmiin  C< 

/.  <J  ad.  Bk.  Chitra,  Veragua  {Ared).  Salvin-Godman  C. 

A,  (.  (J  2  ad.  ak.     Santa  T6,  VeHipiia  {Arc£).  Salvin-Godmau  Ci 

m.  $  a£  sk.  Volcan  de  Chiriqui  (Arcf).  Salvin-Godman  Ci 

15.  Hyiarchos  nigriceps. 

Myiwchus  nigriceps,  &Mer,  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  pp.  C8,  295  (Ecuadoi 
id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  234 ;  Sd.  tt  Sah.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  2 
(Panama),  1868,  p.  168  (VeneiueU),  et  1879,  p.  616_(Bolivii 
iid.  Xomencl.  p.  52  ;  Later.  Ann.  L,  N.  Y.  vii.  p.  327 ;  Wy<- 
Ibi$,  1871,  p.  333  (Colombia) ;  Coufi,  Pr.  Ac.  &.  Phil.  1873,  p.  7 
Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  639, 1879,  p.  235, 1880,  p.  203,  et  1882,  p.  S 
id.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  324  j  Salv.  et  Oodm.  Ibit,  1880,  p,  126  (S 
Marta);  Tacz.  a  Berl.  P.Z.S.  1883,  p.  659,  et  1884,  p.  i 
(Ecuador) ;  Salt.  lUi,  1885,  p.  298  (Brit  Ouiann). 

Myiarchus  triatiB,  var.  nigriceps,  Bmrd,  Brew,  et  Ridgw.  N.  A.  B. 

p.33a 

Myiarchus  tuberculifar,  BerL  J.f,  0. 1884,  p.  304  (Bucaranianga) 

Above  greenish  olive ;  cap  black  ;  wings  aad  tail  blackiah,  mi 
or  less  margined  with  brownish  ;  beneath,  throat  and  neck  p 
grey  ;  abdomen  and  under  wing-coverts  pale  sulphur-yellow  ;  ini 
margins  of  wing-feathers  fulvous ;  bill  dark  horn-colour;  fcetblac 
whole  length  C3  inehea.  wing  iJ'l,  tail  2'7.      F-'male  f' 


74.  MYiAmcBiTs.  259 

q.  Ad.  sk.  Merida,  Veaezuelft  (Ooermg),  Sclater  Coll. 

r.  Ad.  ak.  San    EstebaDi    Venezuela  Sclater  CoU. 

{ffanke), 

#.  ^  ad.  ak.  Venezuela  {Goering),  Sclater  Coll. 

^.  <^  ad. ;  n-uf,       Roraima,    British    Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

$  ad.  sk.  (  Whitely), 

or.  (^  ad.  ak.  Yquitos,    Upper    Amazons  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(  Whitely), 

y.  Ad.  ak.  Yquitos,  Peru  (  Whitely).  Sclater  Coll. 

16.  MyiarcliiiB  atriceps. 

Myiarchus  atriceps,  Cab,  J,  f,  O,  1883,  p.  216 ;  Scl  et  Huds,  Arg, 

Om.  i.  p.  167. 
Myiarchus  nigriceps,  Scl.  et  Sidv.  P.  Z,  S,  1879,  p.  610  (Bolivia). 
Tyrannus  tuberculifer,  cTOrb.  etLafr,  Syn.  i.  p.  43 ;  it  Orb,  Voy,,  Ois, 

p.  307,  t.  xxxii.  figs.  1,  2  (?). 

Similar  to  ilf.  nigriceps,  but  larger  in  size :  whole  length  7  inches, 
wing  3-7,  tail  3*5. 

Hob,  Northern  Argentina,  Bolivia,  and  Southern  Peru. 

lyOrbigny's  Tyrannus  tuhtrcullfir,  of  which  I  have  examined 
specimens  in  the  Paris  Museum,  belongs  either  to  this  species  or  to 
M,  tricolor.  The  slight  spine  at  the  beud  of  the  wing,  alluded  to  in 
d'Orbigny's  name,  is  found  more  or  less  developed  in  many  species 
of  Tyrannidse. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Cachupata,  Peru  (  Whitely).  Sclater  Coll. 

h.  Ad.  sk.  Cachupata,  Peru  ( Whitely).  Salvin-(Todnian  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Tilotilo,  Yungas,  Bolivia  {Buckley).  Sulviu-Godmau  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Interior  of  J5olivia  {Bridges).  Salvin-Ciodman  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Interior  of  Bolivia.  T.  Bridges  TC.]. 
/,  (S  ad«  sk.  Tucuman,  rep.  Arg.  (Schulz).  Sclater  Coll. 

(Authentic  specimen.) 

17.  Myiarchus  tricolor. 

Myiarchus  tricolor,  Pelz,  Om.  Bras.  pp.  117,  182;  Berl.  Ibis,  1883, 

p.  139. 
Myiarchus  gracilirostris,  Pelz.  Om.  Bras.  pp.  117,  183. 

Above  dark  greyish  with  a  sliglit  olivaceous  tinge ;  crown  black- 
ish ;  wings  and  tail  blackish ;  wing- coverts  and  outer  secondaries 
with  slight  margins  of  dirty  white :  beneath,  throat  and  neck  pale 
grey ;  abdomen  and  under  wing-coverts  pale  sulphur-yellow ;  bill 
dark  horn-colour ;  feet  black  :  whole  length  6*3  inches,  wing  3, 
tail  2-8. 

Hah.  Brazil. 

This  is  a  close  ally  of  AT.  nigrictp^,  and  only  distinguishable  by 
its  darker  back  and  head  not  so  dark.  It  appears  to  be  Jf.  tricolor 
of  Felzeln,  as  considered  by  Graf  v.  Berlepsch.  It  would  be  moro 
satisfactory  to  have  a  better  series  for  comparison. 

a.  Ad.  sk.        Rio  Tocantins,  Brazil  (  Wallace).        Sclater  Coll. 
6.  Ad.  sk.        Bahia,  Brazil  ( Wttcherer)  Salviu-Godman  Coll. 

s2 


260  TYBimiiD^, 

18.  Hyuurcbas  TocatanenBiB. 

Mjiarchus  mexicanua,  Lawr.  Aim.  L.  N.  Y.  ix.  p.  302. 
MviaHJiiu  yucatanenBU,  Lawr.  Proe.  Ac.  Phil.  1671,  p.  336 ;  Sidg 
PhK.  Biol.  Soe.  Waih.  u.  p.  02;  id.  Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  334. 

Above  dark  greyish  olive,  crown  rather  more  brovnigh  ;  win; 
blackish,  primaries  narrowly  maigined  with  ferruginous,  secondari 
and  coverts  edged  more  broadly  with  dirty  white ;  tail  dsrk  brow 
all  the  lateral  rectrices  with  bread  margins  of  bright  rufous  to  tl 
inner  webs  throughont:  beneath,  throat  and  neck  pale  cinereou 
abdomen  and  under  wing-coverts  pale  lemon-yellow  ;  bill  and  fe 
black  :  whole  length  7  inches,  wing  3-3,  tdl  3-2. 

Hab.  Yucatan  and  Cozumel. 

This  species  clearly  belongs  to  the  Antillian  group  of  M.  ttolidx, 
with  broad  rufous  mai^na  to  the  inner  webs  of  the  rectricea.  U 
Lawrence's  type,  which  ho  has  moat  kindly  sent  for  examination, 
a  very  worn  apecimen.  It  was  obtained  by  Dr.  A.  Schott  nc 
Merida.  Mr.  Gaumer's  specimen  (n)  ia  in  good  plumage,  and,  i 
doubt,  identical.  The  Cozumel  bird  (6)  has  a  darker  back  and 
darker  head. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Northern  Yucatan  (Gaumer).         Salvin-Oodman  C( 

6,  c.  Ad.  sk.        Cozumel  I.,  Yucatan  (fiaumer).     Salvin-Oodman  Cc 

19.  Kyioichns  dominicenBia. 
Tjrannula  stolida,  var.  dominicensia,  Bryant,  Proe.  Boet.  Soc.  N. 

xi.  p.  90. 
Hyiarchua  dominicenns,  Cory,  B.  Haiti,  p.  79. 
Myiarchui  stoliduB,  Cory,  Bull.  Nutl.  Om.  a.  vi.  p.  153. 
Myiarchug  ruficaudatua,  Cory,  Bull.  Jfutt  Om.  Cf.  viii.  p.  9fi. 

Similar  to  Af.  yvcatatunsis,  bnt  somewhat  darker  a 


74.   MYIABCHTTS.  2G1 

Above  dark  faliginous  grey,  head  rather  blacker ;  wings  blackish, 
primaries  very  narrowly  edged  with  rufous;  wing-coverts  and 
secondaries  margined  with  dirty  white ;  tail  blackish,  inner  webs 
of  the  lateral  rectrices  except  the  external  pair  broadly  margined 
with  rufous  :  beneath,  throat  and  neck  ver}'  pide  cinereous  ;  abdomen 
and  under  wing-coverts  white,  slightly  tinged  with  yellow;  bill 
and  feet  black :  whole  length  7*9  inches,  wing  3*2,  tail  3*2. 

Hah,  Jamaica. 

Nearly  similar  to  the  two  preceding  species,  but  throat  paler,  abdo- 
men of  much  paler  yellow,  and  the  rufous  edgings  of  the  primaries 
scarcely  shown.  The  outer  pair  of  rectrices  show  little  or  no  signs 
of  rufous  margins. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Jamaica  (Gosse),  P.  L.  Sclater,  Esq. 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Jamaica  {Gosse).  Jardine  Coll. 

(Authentic  specimens.) 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Jamsiicei  (Chambers),  Sclater  (yoU. 

d.  cJ  ftd.  sk.        Jamaica  {Marsh).  Smiths.  Inst.  [P.]. 
e,/!  Ad.  sk.         Jamaica  (Osburn),  Sclater  Coll. 

g.  Ad.  sk.  Jamaica.  Sclater  Coll. 

k.  Ad.  sk.  Metcalfe  Parish,  Jamaica  {AUen).     Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


21.  Myiarchus  sagrsB. 

Tyrannus  phoebe,  d*Orh.  Im  Sayra^s  Cubaj  Aues,  p.  72  (nee  Lath.) ; 

Gundl.  J.  f.  0. 1871,  p.  275  (Cuba). 
Myiarchus  stolidus,  var.  phoebe,  Concft,  Pr.  Ac.  Sc.  Phil.  1872,  p.  78; 

Bairdj  Brew,  et  Ridgw.  N.  A.  li.  ii.  p.  .*^:>2;   Gundl.  J.  f.  O.  1801, 

p.  828. 
Myiarchus  phoebe,  Scl.  et  Sale.  Nomencl.  p.  52. 
Muscicapa  sagrie,  Gundl.  lioston  Journ.  N.  II.  vi.  p.  81.*^  (1852). 
Myiarchus  sagroe,  Gundl.  J.f.  0. 1872,  p.  424  ;  liidyw.  Man.  N,  A,  JB, 

p.  a34. 
Tyramiula  stolida,  yar.  lucaysiensis,  Bn/a72t,  iV.   B.   S.  N.  JjT,  xi. 

p.  06  (Bahamas). 
Tyrannula  bahamensi^^,  Brijanty  P'.  B.  S.  N.  H.  xi.  p.  90. 
Idyiarchus  stolidus,  var.  leucaysiensis,  Cory,  B.  Bahamas,  p.  100. 
Myiarchus  lucaysiensis,  Ridgic.  Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  384. 

Similar  to  M,  stolidus,  but  the  yellow  on  the  abdomen  still  more 
funtly  shown. 

Ilab.  Cuba  and  Bahamas. 

The  term  plioebe  used  for  this  species  by  d'Orbigny  was  given  in 
error,  under  the  idea  that  it  was  Muscicapa  phoebe  of  Latham,  which 
is  Empidias  fuscus. 

The  Bahaman  form  I  can  hardly  separate,  though  it  may  perhaps 
stand  as  a  subspecies. 

a,  Subsp.  typica, 

a,  b.  Ad.  sk.  San  Cristobal,  Cuba  (Gaumer).    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  San  Cristobal,  Cuba.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

d.  d  ad.  sk.  Fermina,  Cuba  (  Wright).  Smiths.  Inst.  [P.]. 


e.  Ad.  sk. 


b.  Babsp.  btcayaitntii. 
Bohamaa  (Srjfont).  ScUter  Colt. 


22.  ICyiarohlUI  «.wH11anim. 

Trranaua  antilknim,  Bryant,  Pr.  Batt.  Soe.  N.  H.  x.  p 

(1866). 
Mjiarchua  etolidus,  yar.  antillaxiiiii,  Coues,  iV.  Ac.  Sc.  PhiL 

p.  79. 
Mviarcbus MitiUamm,  Swid.  (Efe.  Vet.-Ak.  Fork.  1800,  p. 590;  ^ 

J.f.  O.  l%li,  p.  311,  et  1876,  p.  171  (Porto  Rieo);  id.  Ai 

E»p.  Hia.  Nat.  Tii.  p.  104 ;  Scl.  et  Saio.  Ntimend.  p.  a2. 

Above  amoky  grey,  head  slightly  darker ;  wings  blackish 
mories  oarrawly  edged  with  rufous  ;  ooverta  and  sccondnrioa 
broadly  margined  with  dirty  white ;  tail  blackish,  ioner  webs  ( 
lateral  roctrices  at  their  eztremitieB  slightly  tipped  with  pale  rti 
beneath  white,  throat  and  breast  tinged  with  cinereous ;  ' 
wing-ooverts  slightly  tinged  with  yellowish ;  bill  and  feet  I 
whole  length  63  luchM,  wing  3*4,  tail  'd-2. 

liab.  Porto  Bico. 

In  this  species  the  mfoua  colour  on  the  lateral  rectrice 
almoat  disappeared,  and  the  abdomen  is  pure  white. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Porto  Bico  {Btyani). 

b.  Ad.  ak.  Porto  Hico  (Bryant). 

c.  Ad.  sk,  Porto  Kico  IZalimer). 


SalTin-Godmai 
Sclater  Cull. 
Sclater  ColL 


74.  MTIABCHUS.  263 

a.  Ad.8t  Galapagoa.  Sir  W.   Burnett   & 

Capt.  Fitzroy. 

b.  Ad«  ak,  '         '    Galapagos.  0.    Darwin   [F.]. 

(Type  of  the  species.) 
«.  $  ad.  sk.  Kndloe  I.,  Galapagos  (Habel),    Salvin-^jlodman  Coll. 

dL  c^  ad«  sk.  Inde&tigable    I.,    Galapagos     Salvin-GKMlman  Coll. 

(Hadei). 
e.  (S  ad.  sd.  Indefatigable    I.,    Galapagos     Sclater  Coll. 

(Habel). 
/,  g.  cJ  J  ad.  sk.     Indefatigable   I.,    Galapagos      0.  Salvin,  Esq.  [P.]. 

(Habel). 
h.  c^  ad.  sk.  Abingdon    I.,    Galapagos  Salvin-Godman  CoD. 

(Habel). 


24.  Myiarchus  flanuntilatus. 

Myiarchus  flammiilatus,  Lawr.  Ajih.  L.  X.  Y.  xi.  p.  71 ;  Ridgw.  Proc, 
Biol.  Soc,  Wash.  ii.  p.  93  ;  id.  Man.  xV.  A.  U.  p.  3;35. 

Above  greenish  olive,  crown  rather  darker ;  wings  blackish  brown, 
coverts  tipped  with  pale  rufous,  forming  two  cross-bands  ;  primaries 
edged  with  pale  rufous,  outer  secondaries  more  ])roaclly  with  white ; 
tail  blackish  brown,  slightly  edged  with  pale  rufous:  beneath, 
throat  pale  cinereous;  breast  whitish  flammulated  with  cinereous; 
belly  and  under  wing-coverts  pale  yellow  ;  bill  dark  brown,  pale  at 
the  base  of  the  lower  mandible ;  feet  brownish  black:  whole  length 
6*3  inches,  wing  3*1,  tail  3. 

Hah,  Tehuantepec,  Mexico. 

A  very  distinct  species,  at  once  recognizable  by  its  flammulated 
breast. 

Oy  h.  Ad.  sk.  Tehuantepec,  Mexico  (Su?ni-       Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

chrad). 


2o.  Myiarchus  semirufus. 

Myiarchus  semirufus,  *S^/.  P.  Z.  S.  187-^,  ]>.  138,  t.  xi.  (rem);  Tacz, 
Z.  6'.  1870,  p.  '2m,  et  1880,  p.  203 ;  id.  Oni.  Per.  ii.  p.  325. 

Above  brownish  cinereous ;  wings  blackish  with  broad  rufous 
margins ;  tail  and  upper  tail-coverts  rufous,  the  middle  portion  of 
the  six  middle  rectrices  rufous  :  beneath  uniform  ochraceous  rufous  ; 
bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  7*5  inches,  wing  3*4,  tail  3*3. 
Female  similar,  but  perhaps  rather  paler  below. 

Hah,  Coast  region  of  Western  Peru. 

Quite  unique  amongst  this  group  of  the  Tijrannula:  for  its  peculiar 
§tyle  of  colour. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Pacasmayo,  Peru  (Ofton).  Salvin-Godman CoU. 

6.  (S  ad.  sk.  Pacasmayo,  Peru  (Stdzmann).        Sclater  Coll. 


264  TIBAHHID^ 

75.  EMHDIAS*  t™. 

Em^diu,  CM.  et  Sein.  Mu*.  Hein.  iL  p.  69  (18S0)  K.  tano 

Shnpidita  fiueta  ia  usually  united  to  Snyomit  by  the  Americ 
ornithologiats,  but  has  mnch  shorter  winga  and  a  shorter  tail,  thou] 
in  other  respects,  it  must  be  admitted,  the  two  forms  come  very  cloi 
For  the  present,  however,  I  prefer  to  adhere  to  Dr.  Cabania's  viev 
and  to  leave  Sayomis  with  fke  Fluvieolinte,  and  keep  Empidias  ne 
Myiarehiu, 

According  to  this  plan  Empidiat  is  a  purely  North-Americi 
and  Mexican  type. 

1.  Empidias  foBcns. 
Muscicapa  fiisca,  Om.  S.  N.  i.  p.  931 ;  VUai.  Oii.  Am.  Sept.  i.  p.  ( 

pi.  40. 
Aulanai  fuscua,  Cab.  Jaum.f.  Om.  1866,  p.  1. 
Mviarchue  foacus,  Cab.  Wiejrm.  Arch.  1847,  pt  i.  p.  248;  Sclat. 

P.  Z.  S.  1869,  p.  366 ;  irf.  J6m,  1859,  p.  440{Mexico). 
Enkpidiaa  fuacue,  Cab.  el  Hem.  Mut.  Sein.  ii.  p.  69 ;  Scl.  Cat.  A. 
p.  234;  Laicr.  Attn.  Li/c.  N.  Y.  viii.  p,  290  (New  York) ;  Sd. 
Salv.  l/bmenel.v.  B3. 
Sayomia  fuscus,  Saird  B.  N.  Am,  p.  184;  Batrd,  Brew,  et  Bidg 
N.  A.  B.  ii.  p.  343 ;  2)mser,  Ibu,  1866,  p.  473  (Texae) ;  Cou 
Key  N.  A.  B.  1884,  p.  437. 
MuBcicapa  phcebe,  Xom.  Ind.  Om.  \.  p.  489. 
Sayornia  phcebe,  Bidgm.  Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  330. 
Muscicapa  uunclola,  Wik.  Am.  Om.  ii^.  78,  pL  13. 
Tyraimula  nunciola,  Bp.  Comp.  i.  p.  169. 
Above  dull  greyish  olive  ;  cap  blackish  ;  wings  blackish,  seco: 
dariee  and  wing-coverts  edged  with  whitish ;  tail  blackish ;  outer  re 
trices  edged  with  whitish:  beneath  dirty  white  with  ayellowish  ting 
sides  of  breast  and  flanks  more  or  less  cinereous ;  under  wini 
ooverte  white ;  bill  dark  hom-colour ;  feet  black :    whole  lenj? 


76.  SKPHMNOnTS. 
aa.  et  San.  Hfut.  Htm.  ii.  p,  76  (1869)  . 


Wing-end  of  Empidoi 


Bmpidonorma  varitig  ie  a  form  remarkable  for  ito  small  bill  and 
striated  plnmage,  'wbich  somewhat  remiiida  one  of  MywdynasUi, 
It  has,  howerer,  long  wings  with  pointed  ends  to  tho  primariea,  and  a 
long  tail,  and  is  more  nearly  allied  to  Tyrannus.  Tt/ntanas  aunmtia- 
atro-erittatu»  may  be  added  to  this  genus  ns  a  second  species, 
though  ita  structure  is  not  (|uitc  identical  and  its  pluraaso  is  more 
nniform.  It  haa  a  similar  small  bill,  but  tho  outer  primariea  aro 
sharply  excised.  The  range  of  this  genus  is  from  Colombia  to  South 
Bra^  and  Bolivia. 

Keij  to  the  Sjieeiea. 


1.  Empidonomns  varins. 

Sniriri  chorrendo  debase,  A;/ira,  Apuxt.  ii.  p.  12.5. 

MnscicapaTaria,  I-'wi//.  Aour.  Z)/rf.  Jtxi.  p.  4K)i  id. Enc.  Mfth.-^.B 
Sartf.  Ind.  Az.  p.  12, 

Huscicapa  nifiua,  Spix,  Av.  Briu.  ii.  p.  2^,  iil.  31. 

IVrannus  rufinus,  Cab.  in  Schomb.  Gm'an.  lii.  p.  700 ;  Btain.  S 
Ueb.  a.  p.  400  ;  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  18r>5,  p.  150  (Bogota). 

MoBcipeta  ruficauda,  Mas:.  Beiti:  iii.  p.  920. 

lyrannua  leucoUa,  Sw.  Qanrt.  Joum.  Sc.  ii.  p.  276. 

^aunula  tschudii,  llarlt.  Bev.  Zool.  1844,  p.  369. 

Empidonomna  yanua,  Cab.  et  ITem.  Mat.  Sein.  ii.  p.  76 ;  Peh.  C 
Bras.  p.  1 17  i  Set.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  234 ;  Scl  et  Sola.  P.  Z.  S.  16 
p.  188  (UcayaliJ,  187:),  p.  261  f  K  Peru),  et  1879,  p.  615  (BoUti 
tid.  Xomenci.  p.  53 ;  Layard,  Ibu,  1873,p.  383  (Para) ;  Tacx.  C 
i%-.ii.p.320;  &/u.  Jtu,  18S5,p.2e8  (Br.  Guian.);  Berl.ttJi 
Zeittchr.  get.  Om.  1886,  p.  137  (Kio  Grande  do  Sul). 


266  TTIliSSIDM, 

Above  ashy  brown,  ccDtrea  of  the  feathers  blaokiBh ;  crown 
bordered  on  each  aide  by  a.  white  supereiliary  etripc,  and  by  a 
line  round  thfl  nape;  concealed  vertical  crest  bright  yelli 
orange ;  wings  ashy  black,  wing-oovcrta  and  secondaxies  mai 
eitemaJly  with  white ;  tail  ashy  black ;  upper  tail-covciti 
rectrices  more  or  less  distinctly  margined  with  ferruginous  :  be 
pale  yellowish,  throat  greyish  white ;  breast  and  belly  mc 
less  striated  with  blackish ;  under  wing-coverts  pale  yello 
bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  6  inches,  wing  3-9,  tail  2.  I 
similar,  but  slightly  smaller. 

Hab.  Guiana,  Amazonia,  fimzil,  Paraguay,  and  Bolivia. 
a.  i3  ad.  sk.       RoTaima,  Brit.  Quiaua  (Wltitdi/).      Sslvio-Qodmai 
6,  CcJ  2ad.sk.  Bartica    Grove,    Brit    Guiana         Salvin-Godmai 
( WhUel^). 

d.  (J  ad.  sk.       Pebas,  E.  Peru  {HaxixweU}.  Salvin-Godmai 

e.  3i.  sk.  Bogota  (P).  Purchased. 
/.  Ad.  ak.           Purnarabuco,  Braiil  (Forbf»).  ScUter  Coll. 
ff.  Ad.  ak.          Pernambuco,  Brazil  I^Forbei).  Salvin-Godma: 
A,  i.  Ad.  sk.       Babia,  BraiU  (  WucAerer).  Salvin-Godmai 
>.  Ad.  at           Brazil  {Sella).  Sclater  CoU. 
A.  Ad.ak.          Brazil                                               Sclater  ColL 

I.  Ad.sk.  Braril..  Salviu^odioai 

■m.  Ad.  ak.        Mapiri,  Bolivia  {BucMry).  Salvin-Qodmni 

n.  Jr.  St.  S.  America.  Purchased. 

2.  Empidoiiomiia  aiuaiitio-atro-eriBtBtns. 

Tyrannus  aurantio-atro-crisUtuB,  d'Orb.  et  Lafr.  Sipi.  An.  i. 
^Orb-Foif.,  OM.p.312;j5p.  a»Mp.  i.  p.  lOSiiSftnA.  i%rf/.  i 
Bra».  p,  130;  Sd.  et  Sale.  P.Z.S.  1866,  p.  lUO  (Ucayali), 
p.  757  (E.  Peru),  1873,  p.  282  (E.  Peru),  et  1879,  p.  610  (Bol 
ad.  NumencL  p.  S3;  Burm  La-ltata  lUitt,  ii.  p.  453;  Itid: 
U.S.  N.  M.  i.  p.  482 ;   Tacx.  P.  Z.  &  1882,  p.  22;  id.  Ora.  J 


77.  TTEAKKxrs.  267 

77.  TTSANimS.  ^^^ 

Tjnjnms,  Cuvier,  L^,  Anat,  Comp,  i.  tab.  2  (1800)   T.  pipiri  (P). 
Dijmomuc,  Oh^er,  Frorie.p's  Nut.  xvi.  p.  278  (1827)  T.  pipiri. 
hB,^hycU».Iieichenb,  Ac,  Syst.  Nat.  t.  lz?i.  (1850). .  T.  melancholicuB. 
Satellus,  Btichenb.  Av.  8y$t.  Nat.  t.  Ixvi.  (1850)    . .  T  vociferans. 
Melittarchus,  Cab,  et  Hein,  Mus.  Hein,  ii.  p.  80  (1859)  T.  magnirostrifl. 

"  Tail  nearly  oven  or  moderately  forked,  rather  shorter  than  the 
wings ;  the  feathers  broad  and  somewhat  widened  at  their  ends ; 
wings  long  and  pointed ;  the  outer  primaries  rather  abruptly  at- 
tenuated near  the  end ;  head  with  a  concealed  patch  of  red  on  the 
crown."     {N.  A,  B,  ii.  p.  314.) 

Tyrannua  extends  all  over  North  and  South  America  to  Argen- 
tina, but  not  to  Chili  and  Patagonia.  It  is  also  found  in  the 
Antilles. 

Key  to  the  Species, 

A.  Tail  slightly  rounded,  squared  or  sli^^litly  forked. 

a.  Bill  moderate  {Tyi-anmi^). 

a'.  Belly  white ;  tail  slightly  rounded    ....   1.  pipiri,  p.  2G7. 
6*.  Belly  yellow  j  tail  squared  or  slightly 
forked, 
a".  Breast  grey. 

a"\  Outer  web  of  outer  rectrix  white. .   2.  vertiralis,  p.  209. 

b'".  Outer  web  of  outer  rectrix  j^rey  . .   «5.  vociferans^  ]).  2(59. 

6",  Breast  white    4.  jiiveiyularis,  i).  270. 

b.  Bill  much  enlarged  (Melittarchiis). 

c'.  Belly  yellow  j  tail  squared 5.  crassirostris,  p.  271. 

cP,  Belly  white;  tail  slijihtly  forked. 
c".  Beneath  greyish  white : 

(bill  smaller 0.  ynseita^  p.  271. 
bill  larger 7.  rostmtua,  p.  273. 

(f .  Beneatli  white;  bill  very  strong  ....   8.  viagnirostriSf  p.  273, 

B.  Tail  strongly  forked  {Laphyctes). 

e\  Throat  cinereous : 

\  belly  bright  yellow 0.  mdanchoUcus^  p.  273. 

)  belly  tinged  with  yellow 10.  apoUt&<^  p.  270. 

f.  Throat  white  11.  aWiyuhrisy  p.  276, 


1.  Tyrannns  pipiri 

Lanius  tyrannus,  Lijin.  S.  N.  i.  p.  130  (part.);  Wikotiy  Am.  Om.  ii. 
p.  00,  pi.  xiii.  fig.  1. 

Lcuiius  tyrannus,  y.  carolinensis,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  p.  302. 

T^Tannus  pipiri,  Vieill.  Ois.  Am.  Sept.  i.  p.  73,  j)l.  44;  Cab.  Journ.f. 
Om.  185.5,  p.  478 ;  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  230;  Gundl.  J.  f.  O.  1801, 
pp.  328,  409,  et  1872,  p.  423  (Cuba) ;  Sci.  et  Salv.  Nomeiicl.  p.  53 : 
iid.  RZ.S.  1800,  p.  189  (Amazonia),  1870,  p.  837  (Honduras), 
1873.  p.  282  (Amazonia),  1879,  p.  515  (Antioquia)  et  p.  010 
(Bolivia)  ;  Salv.  et  0<Hlm.  Ibis,  1880,  p.  125  (Sta.  Marta) ;  Baucard, 
P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  448  (Yucatan) ;  Tacz.  Om.  Fir.  ii.  p.  329. 

Tyrannus  intrepidus,  Vieill.  Gal.  Ois.  i.  p.  214,  pi.  133;  id.  Enc. 
MHh.  p.  849 ;  Sw.  Phil.  Mag.  1827,  p.  3(^ ;  id.  Quart.  Joum.  Sc, 
I,  p.  274 ;  dCOrb,   Voy.,  Ois.  p.  313  (Bolivia)  ;  Sclater,  P.  Z,  S. 


208  .  TTBANinsjf. 

1857,  p.  232  (S.  Domingo),  et  1858,  p.  302  (Meiico) ;  uL  IbU, 
p.  439  (Meiico) ;  Afar.  //.  O.  1858,  p.  181 ;  Moore,  P.  Z.  S. 
p.  55  (Hondurafl)  ;  Lawr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y,  vii.  p.  296,  et  ix. 

Miucicspa  snimosa,  lAdit.  Doubl.  p.  54. 

Tpranaus  leucogtuter,  Stt^.  Oai.  Zool.  xiii.  pt.  ii.  p.  133, 

l^rannus  carolinensifl,  Temm.  Tabl.  Mith.  p.  24;  Baird,  B.  H 
p.  171 ;  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mux.  Hem.  ii.  p.  79 ;  Lavir.  Ann.  Lt/c. 
■riii.  pp.  182, 290 ;  ShkiiUm,  Ibu,  1862,  p.  3,  et  1863,  p.  67 ;  Di 
Ibit,  1865,  p.  472  ("reias) ;  Ridmi;.  Am.  Luc.  N.  Y.  i.  p. 
id.  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  i.  p.  471 ;  Nehrling,  J.  f.  O.  1883, 
(THinois)  ;  Baird,  Brew,  tt  Ridgw.  N.  A.  U.  ii.  p.  316;  Comet 
y.  A.  B.  1884,  p.  432. 

TjT&imus  tTraimuB,  Ridgw.  Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  328. 

AboTS  dark  oinereous,  cap  black,  with  a  concealed  vertical 
of  bright  orange;  wings  blackish,  secondaries  and  coverts  < 
with  white ;  tail  black,  tipped  with  white :  beneath  white,  n 
slight  dnereous  shade  on  Uie  breast ;  tinder  wing-coverts  ciner 
enter  primaries  acuminated ;  toil  slightly  rounded ;  bUl  and 
black !  whole  length  8  inches,  wing  4-6,  tail  3'6.     FemaU  simi 

Hab.  Eastern  North  America,  and  southwards  through  !&! 
and  Central  America  down  to  Ecuador  and  Peru. 


t.  Ad.  St. 
■>,  c.  Ad.  sk. 
i,  e.  Ad.  sk. 

'.  Ad.  sk. 
r.  Ad.  sk. 
i,  t.  Ad.  sk. 
-/.  Ad,  sk. 
n.  Ad.  Bk. 


.Ad. 


North  America. 
British  Columbia. 
West  Side  Rockj  Uoun- 

Lake  of  the  Woods. 

Fort  SimpBon,  N.  A. 

Fort  Dufferin,  N.  A. 

Michigan. 

New  Brnnsnick  (Ot- 

"    V  York  (g»7-,   ■ 


t&] 


Purchased. 
J.  K.  Lord 
J.  K.  Lord 


N.  A.  Bound.Comm 
R.  D.  Rosa  fci 
N.  A.  Bound.  Comm 

Prof.  Steere  [P.]. 
Sclatei  ColL 


TwLV-.d.klo  CoU, 


77.   TTRANHUS.  269 

t\  Jr.  ak.             Ecuador  {Gerrard),  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

/.  Ad.  fik.            Sarayacu,  Peru  (  WJUtdy),  Sclater  Coll. 

4^.  $  ad.  ak.       Nauta,  Upper  Amazona  Salvin-Gbdman  ColL 

{Bartldt). 


2.  Tyraimiis  verticalis. 

Tyrannua  verticalis,  Say^  in  Long^s  Exped.  ii.  p.  60 ;  Baird,  B,  N,  Am, 
p.  173 ;  8d.  Cat,  A,  B,  p.  236  ;  Brotmi,  Ibis,  1868,  pp.  419,  420 
(Vancouver  I.) ;  Sd,  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  53 ;  Ridgw.  Ann.  Lye, 
N,  Y,  X.  p.  394 ;  id.  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  i.  pp.  424,  468,  479 ;  id.  Man. 
N.  A.  i?.  p.  330 ;  Baird,  Brew,  et  kidgw.  N.  A.  B,  ii.  p.  324 ; 
Caues,  Key  N.  A.  B.  1884,  p.  433. 

Muacicapa  verticalis,  Bp.  Am.  Om.  i.  p.  18,  pi.  ii.  fig^.  2. 

Laphjctes  verticalis,  Cab.  et  Hein,  Mus,  Ueiti.  ii.  p.  77. 

Above  light  grey,  with  a  greenish  tinge  on  the  back  ;  concealed 
vertical  crest  orange ;  wings  brown  ;  tail  black,  outer  web  of  outer 
rectrix  white :  beneath,  throat  and  breast  grey,  beUy  yellow  ;  under 
wing-coverta  dull  yellow  ;  outer  primaries  attenuated ;  tail  slightly 
forked ;  bill  and  feet  dark  brown  :  whole  length  8  inches,  wing  5, 
tail  4'9,     Female  similar. 

Hah.  Western  North  America,  and  south  to  Guatemala. 

a-c.  Ad.  sk.       Forty-ninth  Parallel.  N.  A.  Bound.  Comra.  [P.]. 

c^.  c^  ad.  sk.        Yreka,Siskayou  County, Ca-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

lifornia  (Fa/7/<*). 

e,f.  Ad.  sk.        West Side,Rocky Mountains.  J.  K.  Lord,  Esq.  [C.]. 

^.  c^  ad.  sk.        Fort  Tej on,  California  (A'tf?!-  Salvin-Godmau  Coll. 

tus). 

h.  (S  ad.  sk.        Banning,  California.  G.  F.  Morcom,  l^sq.  [P. 

$1  $  ad.  sk.         Coahuila  Valley,  California.  G.  F.  Morcom,  Esq.  [P. 

j,  $  jr.  sk.  Magana  River,  California.  G.  F.  Morcom,  Esq.  [P.]. 

k,  cT  ad.  sk.        Petaluma,    California   (<S«-  Sclater  Coll. 

muel'^). 

I,  Ad.  sk.  California.  Lord  AValsingham  [P.]. 

m.  Ad.  sk.         Nebraska  ( Warren).  Sclater  Coll. 

n.  Ad.  sk.  Dueiiap,  Guatemala  (Ort/^/f).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

o.  5  ad.  sk.        Volcan  de  Agua,  above  San  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

Diego  (Salvin). 


3.  Tyrannus  vociferans. 


p.  176  (Mexico)  ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Ibis,  18o9,  p.  121 ;  iid.  Nomencl, 
p.  53 ;  Ridgw.  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  i.  p.  480,  v.  pp.  531,  541,  et  vi.  p.  348 
(California) ;  Baird,  Breto.  et  Uidgw.  N.  A.  B.  ii.  p.  327 ;  Cones, 
Key  N.  A.  B.  1884,  p.  433 ;  Ridgw.  Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  330. 

Tyrannus  cassinii,  Lawr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  v.  p.  39,  pi.  3.  fig.  2  (1858). 

Laphvctea  vociferans.  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein,  ii.  p.  77. 

Muscicapa  satelles,  Lickt.  in  Mus.  Berol. 

Above  grey,  with  an  olivaceous  tinge  on  the  back ;  concealed 


270 


TISASKID& 


vertical  oreet  so&rlet  i  wings  brown ;  tail  block,  with  a  narrow  pi 
tip :  beneath,  throat  white ;  breast  cincreons ;  abdomen  yelloi 
under  wing-ooTerta  pale  yellow ;  outer  primaries  acnminnted ;  t 
nearly  squared ;  bill  and  feet  black  :  whole  length  8'5  inchcB,  wi) 
5-2,  tail  4'8,     Female  similar. 

Hab.  Boutbem  California,  Arizona,  Texas,  Mexico,  and  Ouat 

Bfadilj  distinguishable  from  the  allied  species  T.  vertiealit  I 
the  want  of  the  conspicuous  white  oat«r  web  of  the  outer  rectr 
and  by  the  deeper  ashy  fore  neck. 


a.  Ad.  sk. 

b.  Ad.ek. 

c.  Ad.  sk. 

d.  Ad.Bk. 
e-g.  Ad.  ek. 
A.  cf  ad.  sk. 
i.  $ad.Bk. 


Lob  Nogwies,  Mexico  (Baird). 

Northern  Mexico  (  Ward). 

Near  Ci^  of  Mexico, 

Mexico  (de  Sauamtre). 

Mexico. 

Duenas,  Qnatemala  (^FVumt). 

Salami,  Quatemala  (Safnm). 


Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godnian  Co 
Sclater  Coll. 
FuTchased. 
Sslvin-Oodman  Co 
Salrin-Godman  0« 


4.  I^yraaniu  niveig^ilaria. 

Tjrannua  niTeigularis,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  p.  281,  et  1880,  p.  29,  pi.  ii 
id.  Git.  A.  B.  p.  2ST;  Sd.  et  Sah.  Xomend.  p.  63 ;  Ara.  P.  Z. 
1877,  pp.  820,  763  (Peru) ;  id.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  829 ;  ifjrfjw.  1'.  U 
N.  Af.  I.  p.  479;  Bed.  el  Tats.  P.  Z.  S.  1885,  pp.  118, 122  (Ecuado 


77.  TTBANHFS.  271 

fhnMKt  and  breast  white,  the  latter  with  a  slight  greyish  tinge ;  abdo- 
men and  nnder  wing-eoverts  pale  sulphur-yellow  ;  outer  primaries 
slightly  JGUSuminated ;  tail  squared ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length 
7  inches,  wing  4*2,  tail  3*2. 
Hab,  Western  Ecuador. 

a.  Ad.  sk.              Intac,  Ecuador  (Buckley),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

5.  J  ad.  sk.           Babahoyo,  Ecuador  (Fra-  Sclatei  Coll.     (Type 

ser),  of  the  species.) 

c  Ad.  sk.              Ecuador.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


5.  Tyrannns  crassirostris. 

Tyrannus  crassirostris,  Sw.  Quart.  Joum.  Sc.  xx.  p.  278 ;  id.  Phil. 
Mag.  1827ri.  p.  368  ;  Scl  Ibisy  1859,  p.  430  ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1862,  p.  19 
<W.  Mexico) ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  236 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Ibis,  18(50, 
p.  399  (Guatemala);  iid.  NomeHcl.  p.  63 ;  Lowr.  Btdl.  U.S.  N,  M, 
no.  4,  p.  28  (Oaxaca) ;  Ridgw.  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  i.  p.  472;  id.  Man, 
N.  A.  B,  p.  329. 

Muscicapa  giiatho,  Licht.  in  Mus.  Berol. 

Melittarchus  crassirostris.  Cab.  et  llein,  Mtis.  Hein.  ii.  p.  80 ;  iid, 
J./.  O.  1855,  p.  478. 

Megarhynchus  crassirostris,  Fi?iscli,  Ahh.  naf.  Bremen^  1870,  p.  329. 

Above  dull  brownish  cinereous,  sometimes  with  a  slight  olivaceous 
tinge;  cap  darker,  with  a  concealed  yellow  vertical  crest;  wings 
and  tail  brownish :  beneath,  throat  white  ;  breast  with  a  slight 
cinereous  tinge ;  abdomen  and  under  wing-coverts  pale  sulphur- 
yellow  ;  bill  and  feet  blackish  ;  outer  j)rimaries  slightly  attenuated ; 
tail  nearly  square  :  whole  length  8*5  inches,  wing  5*1,  tail  4. 
Female  similar. 

Hah,  "Western  Mexico  and  Guatemala. 

The  huge  bill  separates  this  bird  from  the  other  continental  species, 
and  the  yellow  belly  from  the  rest  of  the  section  Mdittarchus, 

a,6.  cT  5  ad.  sk.       Mazatlan,  W.  Mexico  {For-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

rer). 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Mazatlan,  W.  Mexico.  Sclater  Coll. 

<^.  Ad.  sk.  Near  Citv  of  Mexico.  Salvin-(Todiuan  Coll. 

e,  (S  ad.  sk.  Cacoprieto     (Teliuante])ec),  Salviu-(  Jodmau  Ck)lL 

Mexico  {Siimichrast). 

fy  g.  Ad.  sk.  Mexico.  rurchaj^od. 

h.  $  ad.  sk.  Escuintla,  Guatemala  {SaU  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

vin). 


6.  Tyrannus  grlseos. 

Le  Tyran,  Baxih.  PI.  Enl.  537. 

Tyrannus  dominicensis,  Briss.  Om.  ii.  p.  394,  pi.  38.  fig.  2 ;  Gosse, 
B.  Jam.  p.  169  (1847);  Strickl.  Ann.  ^  Mag.  N.  H.  viii.  p.  372 
(1842)  ;  Bairdy  B.  N.  Am.  p.  172 ;  NetctoUy  Ibis,  1859,  p.  146 
(St.  (Jroix) ;  Cass.  Pr.  Ac.  IVat.  Sci.  Phil.  1860,  p.  143  (Carta- 

fena)  ;  Albrecht^  J.f.  O.  1862,  p.  199  (.Jamaica)  ;  Bryanty  J  f.  O. 
860,  p.  182  (l^orto  Rico);   Baird,  Brew,  et  Bidgw.  N,  A,  B. 


ii.  p.  310,  pi,  43.  fig.  6  (1874) ;  Allen,  BvU.  Mat.  C.  Z.  n.  p.  3 
(Florida);  Ct»y,BuB.  ifutt.  Orn.  CfaA,yi. p.  163(1881) ;  id.Bii 
«/  Haiti  and  S.  Zhmmgo.  p.  77  (1885) ;  i%w.  P.  U.S.  N.  M. 
p.  470,  vii.  p.  172  (W.  Indieat,  et  vUi.  p.  570(yucataii)i  id.  Me 
N.  A.  B.  p.  320  i  Com*,  Key  N.  A.  B.  1884,  p.  433. 

Tyrannus  piseiM,  VieOi.  Ou.  Am.  Sept.  i.  p.  76,  pi. 46(1807) ;  Swai\ 
Quart.  Joum.  SeL  xx.  p.  276  (1826) ;  Gray,  Oen.  i.  p.  247  (1847 
Bp.  Corap.  i.  p.  1B2  (1860),-  Sd.  Cat.  Am.  B.  p.  23>&;Man 
Proc.  Ac.  Sc.  mi.  1863,  p.  287  (Jamaica);  Tnyfor,  IbU,  18t 
p,  169  (Porto  Rico) ;  Later.  Ann.  ij/c.  2f.  Y.  viii.  p.  98  (Sombrer 
et  p.  182  (Nicaragua) ;  Bryani,  JV.  Bmt.  Soe.  Nat.  Hia.  li.  p. ! 
(1866) ;  Cory,  B.  Bahama,  i.  p.  99  (1880) ;  td.  Butt.  Nutt.  Or 
C&6,  Ti.  p.  163  (1881). 

Tnannus  matutinus,  VUiU.  Enc.  Mith.  p.  860  (1823) ;  SalU,  P.  Z. 
"1857,  p.  232  (St.  Dominro). 

Trrannus  tiriri,  Timm.  Tall.  Mith.  p.  24  (1836). 

HelittarchuB  dominicenBiB,  Cab.  J.  f.  O.  iii.  p.  478  (1855) ;  id.  Mi 
Bcth.  ii.  p.80(185fi). 

Lanius  tyrajinnB,  var.  B.  dominiceDris,  Omel.  S.  N.  i.  p.  302  (1788) 

MuBcicapa  dominiceneis,  Aud.  Orn.  Biogr.  a.  p.  362,  pi.  170  (1834 
id.  B.  Am.  i.  p.  201,  jl.  S5  (1840). 

IVrasDiilus  dominicenBU,  Jard.  Oontr.  Om.  p.  67  (1860). 

Melittarchua  griaeus,  Gimdi.  Anal.  Soe.  E^.  Silt.  Nat.  rii.  p.  II 
(1878)  (Porto  Kco). 

Above  grey ;  concealed  vertioal  crest  scarlet ;  ear-ooTertB  blackisl 
wings  and  tail  brownish  black  ;  wing-covertB  and  aeoondariea  edgi 
with  white :  beneath  white ;  sides  of  breast  and  flanks  tinged  wii 
cinereous ;  Tinder  wing-ooverts  white,  faintly  stained  with  lemoi 
yellow  ;  outer  primaries  acuminated ;  tail  elightly  forked ;  bill  ai 
feet  black :  whole  length  8'5  inches,  wing  4*8,  tail  3'9.  Fema 
similar. 

I,  Greater  Antilles,  and  coasts  of  (Jentr 


77.  TTBANITTO.  273 

7.  Tyrannns  rottratoB. 

Tynumufl  rortratiw,  Scl  Ihia,  1864,  p.  87 ;  id.  P.  Z,  8,  1871,  p.  272 
(St.  Lucia) ;  Sd,  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  361  (Panama) ;  iid.  No- 
mend,  p.  63 ;  Simper,  P.  Z.  S.  1872,  p«  661  (St.  Lucia)  ;  Lanvr. 
P.  U.S,  N.  M.  i.  p.  60  (Dominica),  p.  191  (St.  Vincent),  p.  234 
(Antigua), p.  240  (Barbuda),  p.  271  (Grenada),  p.  368(MartiDique) ; 
Bid^.  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  i.  p.  4/0 ;  Lister,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  41  (St.  Vin- 
cent) ;  Cory,  Ibis,  1886,  p.  473  (St.  Vincent),  p.  476  (Grand  Terr©). 

TyrannuB  magnirostris,  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  236  (err.). 

Similar  to  T.  griseus,  but  with  a  considerably  larger  bill :  whole 
length  8'5  inches,  wing  4*7,  tail  3' 7. 
Hob,  Lesser  Antilles. 

fl,  6.  d  $  ad.  sk.      Dominica,  W.  I.  (Ober).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

c,d.  (S  2  ad,  sk.       Dominica,  AV.  I.  (Ober).  Si-lnter  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  St.  Lucia,  W.  1.  (Seftiper).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  St.  Lucia,  AV.  I.  (Semper).  Sclater  Coll. 

ff,h.  cJ  5  ad.  sk.      St.  Vincent,  W.  I.  (Itichard-  Sclater  Coll. 

son). 

i  Ad.  sk.  Martinique  (?).  Sclater  Coll.     (Type 

of  the  species.) 

j\  *.  <J  $  ad.  sk.      Grenada,  AV.  I.  (  Welh).  Sclater  CoU. 

8.  Tyrannns  magnirostris. 

Tyrannus  magnirostris,  cTOrb.  in  La  Sagra^s  Cuba^  p.  60,  pi.  13; 

Bryant,  P.  B.  S.  N.  11.  xi.  p.  06   (Bahamas) ;  Gundl.  J.  f.  O. 

1872,  p.  421  (Cuba)  ;  Scl.  et  Salo.  Nmnencl.  p.  53  ;  Ridyw.  P.  U.S. 

N.  M.  i.  p.  409 ;  id.  Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  3l>8. 
Melittarchus  magnirostris,  Cab.  Juurn.f.  Oni.  1855,  p.  477;  Cab.  et 

Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  80. 

Above  brownish  grey,  head  blackish,  with  a  concealed  vertical 
crest  of  deep  orange ;  m  iiigs  and  tail  blackish,  with  white  edgings 
to  the  secondaries  and  wing-coverts  :  beneath  white,  under  wing- 
coverts  tinged  with  pale  lemon-yellow  ;  outer  pnmaries  slightly 
attenuated  ;  tail  slightly  rounded  ;  bill  much  swollen  ;  bill  and  feet 
black  :  whole  length  9*5  inches,  wing  5.'^,  tail  3*9.     Ftinale  similar. 

Hab,  Cuba,  and  occasionally  Bahamas  and  Yucatan. 

At  once  recognizable  by  its  large  size  and  powerful  bill, 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Cuba.  Sclater  Coll. 

J.  Ad.  sk.  Mugeres  I.,  Yucatan  (Gautner).     Salvin-Godman  ColL 

0.  Tyrannns  melancholicns. 

Suiriri  guazu,  Azara,  Apunt.  ii.  p.  152. 

Tyiannus  melancholicus,  VieiU.  Nouv.  Diet.  xxxv.  p.  48;  id.  Enc, 
M&h.  p.  861 ;  d^Orb.  Voy.,  Ois.  p.  311 ;  Tsch.  Faun.  Per.,  Aves, 
p.  161 ;  Burm.  Syst.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  404 ;  id.  La-Plata  Beise,  ii.  p.  462 ; 
td.  J.f.  O.  1860,  p.  246  (La  Plata) ;  Cab.  in  Schonib.  Guum.  in. 
p.  700 ;  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  160  (Bogota),  1866,  p.  141  (Veragua), 
p.  297  (Mexico),  1868,  p.  70  (Rio  Napo),  p.  467  (Ecuador),  1860, 
pp.  02,  281  (Ecuador),  1867,  p.  342  (Peru)  ;  id.  Ibis,  1869,  p.  439, 

VOL.  XIV.  T 


Lye.  S.  T.  Tii.  p.  295,  ii.  pp.  1]6,  237 ;  id.  P.  U.S.  If.  M. 
p.  271 ;  Se(.  rf  Sah.  Ibu,  1859,  p.  121 ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  U 
(UcayaK),  1867,  p.  678  (Lower  Amazons),  1868,  p.  142  (Ai 
H«p.),  p.  108  (VenezueU),  1870,  p.  837  (Hondurss),  1873,  p.  a 
(E.  Peru),  1879,p.  616  (Aotioquia),  p,  616  (Bolivia) ;  iid.  Nomen 
p.  53;  iWi.  Om.  Brtu.  v.  U7  ;  Baird,  S.  N.  Am.  p.  nB;  O. 
Tm/lor.Ibit,  1860,  p.  113  (Honduras);  -E.  C.  Taylor,  Ibi»,  im 
p.  87  (W.Indies);  Euler,  J.f.  O.  1867,  p.  227  (Brazil);  Fran, 
J.  f.  0.  1869,  p.  308  (Costa  Rica);  Fituch,  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  6 
(Tnnidad) ;  Berl.  J.  f.  O.  1873,  p.  262  (S,  Brazil),  et  18S 
p.  304  (Bucaramangft) ;  Tora.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  538.  1877,  p.  3S 
187G,  p.  236,  et  1882,  p.  22  (Peru) ;  id.  Om.  Fir.  ii.  p.  327;  Layai 
Ibit,  1873.  p.  383  (Para);  Dunf.  Ibis,  1877,  p.  178  (Buen 
AyreB);  Bottc.  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  64  (Costa  Rica),  et  1883,  p.  4. 
(Yucatan)  ;  Ridgw.  P.  U.S.  N.  if.  i.  p.  473,  et  Tii.  p.  1 
(W.  Indies) ;  Satv.  el  Oodm.  Ibi»,  1879^.  202  (ColomWa) ;  /"or* 
JSm,  1881,  p.  344  (N.!!  Brazil)  ;  WyaU,  Ibu,  1871,  p.  3: 
(Colombia);  White,  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  608  (Anj.  Rep.);  Sa 
P.  Z  S.  1867,  p.  148  (VeragTia) ;  id.  Ibit,  1885,  p.  299  (Br 
Guiana);  Berl.  et  Tacx.  P.  Z.  8.  1883,  p.  669, 1884,  p.  25)8, 
1886,  pp.  68,  93  (Ecuador) ;  Oibton,  Ihit,  1885,  p.  280  (Uruguay 
iteutA.  Fugkf.  Canm.  Brat.  p.  136 ;  Berl.  et  Jher.  ZeiUckr.  get.  Oi 
1686,  p.  137  (Rio  Grande  do  Sul) ;  Barrowi,  Bull.  NuU.  Om.  ( 
viii.  p.  202  (Eutcenos) ;  Sci.  et  Hvdt.  Arg.  Om.  i.  p.  158. 

MuBcicapa  despotea,  XtcM.  Doubl.  p.  56. 

Miudcapa  turcata,  Spix,  Av.  Brat.  ii.  p.  IS,  pi.  six. 

TyrannuB  ftireatus,  Max.  Beitr.  iii,  p.  884;  EuUr,  J.f.  0. 186 
pp.  189, 190, 194, 198  (Brazil). 

Tj^anuus  crudelia,  Sic.  Quart.  Joum.  Sc.  xz.  p.  276, 

iJiphTctes  melancholicuB,  Cab,  et  Sein.  Mm.  Sein.  H.  p.  76. 

Muacicapa  satrapa,  Licht.  m  Mw.  Ser(J. 

LapbTctes  latnua.  Cab.  et  Sein.  Mm.  Bein.  ii.  p.  77;  Gdi.  J.f. 
1861,  p.  251. 

Tjrnnnus  satrapa,  Sri.    Cnl.  A.  Ii.  p.  2;i5 ;  I^wr. 
--■-   -    "="  '-   ^.  204  !  Scl.  et  Sale.  P.  Z.  S.  l.°°' 


77.  TYRAinniB, 


275 


^t^  6  $ad.8k. 
e.  Ad.  sk. 
/.  Ad.  sk. 
g.  Ad.  sk. 
h.  Ad.  sk. 
t , ; .  Ad.  sk. 
k,  Ad.8k. 
/.  c^  ad.  sk. 
m-o.  Ad.  sL 
p,  Ad.8k. 
q-u.  Ad.  sk. 

V.  Ad.  sk. 

w-y.  Ad.  sk. 

z.  Ad.  sk. 
a'.  Ad.  sk. 

V.  Ad.  sk. 
e'.  c^  ad.sk. 
<r.  Jr.  sk. 
e'.  Ad.  sk. 

f,  Jr.  sk. 
^.  Ad.  sk. 
A'.  $  ad.sk. 
•\  Ad.  sk. 
/,  Aj'.  rf  ?  ad. 

sk. 
/».  Ad.8k. 
97»'.  Ad.  sk. 

n'.  Ad.  sk. 

o\  Ad.  sk. 
p'.  c^  ad.  sk. 
gr*,  r'.  Ad.  sk. 
«'.  Ad.  sk. 
^.  Ad.  sk. 
u'f  v'.  Ad.  sk.. 
w\  Ad.  sk. 
a**,  y'.  Ad.  sk. 
2',  a".   6  2  ad. 

sk. 
6".   2  ad.  sk. 
c",d".  dSad.; 
e".  cJjr.  sk. 
/'.  Ad.  sk. 

g".  Ad.  sk. 

A".  Ad.  sk. 
i".  S  ad.  sk. 
/',  k'\  Ad.  sk. 


Mazatlan^  W.  Mexico  {Forrer), 

Presidio,  Mexico  (Forrer), 

Acapulco,  Mexico  (Markham). 

Tehuan tepee  (Sumichrast). 

Orizaba,  Mexico  (Botteri). 

Mexico. 

Mexico. 

Projspreso,  Yucatan  {Devifi). 

Merida,  Yucatan  (Gaumer). 

Merida,  Yucatan  {Gaumer), 

Northern  Yucatan  (Gautner). 

Cozumel  Island,  Yucatan  ( Gau- 
mer). 

Mugeres  Island,  Yucatan  (Gau- 
mer). 

Jolbox  Island,    Yucatan   (Gau- 
mer). 

Meco  Island,  Yucatan  (^r^Mw^r). 

Belize,   Brit.   Honduras    (Dlan- 
caneanx.) 

Coban,  Vera  Paz  (Salvhi). 

Duena.<«,  Guatemala  (Silvin). 

Chontales,  Nicaragua  (Belt). 

Bebedero,  Nicoya,  Costa  Rica 
(Arc6). 

Tucurriqui,  Costa  Rica  (Arce). 

Irazu  di.str.,  Costa  Ric.i  (Rogers). 

Castillo,  Veragua  (Arc6), 

Panama  (McLeannan). 

Panama  {MrLeannan). 

Paraiso  Station,  Pauama(7//////ie5). 
Choco  Bay,  Panama. 

Atauques,  Santa  Maria,  U .  8.  C. 

(Simons). 
Santa  Marta,  U.  S.  ( ■. 
Medelliu,  Autioquia  (Sfdinon). 
Sta.  Rita,  Ecuador  (Biickki/). 
Vic.  of  Quito. 
Bogota. 
}k)gota. 
Tobago  (Kirk). 
Trinidad. 
Roraima, Brit.  Guiana  (Whitrhj). 

Camacusa, Brit. G uiana  (  TMiiteh/). 

Bartica   Grove,   Brit,    (t uiana 
(Jmtelt/). 

Island  of  Mexiana,  Lower  Ama- 
zons (  Wallai'e). 

Para,   Lower    Amazons    ( Wal- 
lace). 

Para  (Layard). 

Yquitos,  [Jpper  Amazons. 

Pernambuco,  Brazil  (Forbes). 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godraan  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  CoD. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godniim  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sflator  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Lieut.   Kellott  and 
(Vipt.  Wood  [(;.j. 
Salvin-Goilman  Coll. 

Sclater  Coll. 
Salviu-Godmau  Coll. 
Salviu-G(Klman  Coll. 
J.  Gould,  Esq. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Zool.  Soc.  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  ColL 

Tweeddale  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
t2 


TTKiVMBX. 


r. 

(J«d.8k. 

BoS  Paolo,  linal  {Jofpufr). 

Salvin-Oodnuu 

m" 

.    $   Bd.Bk. 

Pelotas,   Rio   Grande  do   Sul, 

Salvin-Oodma. 

n", 

.    Ad.Bk. 

fimzil. 

SclAtet  Coll. 

0". 

Ad.rt. 

BraiiL 

Ld.  Stuart  de 
»r  [P.]. 

p". 

,  tf  >d.ak. 

KwL 

SaWin-Godma 

9"- 

Ad.  at 

BwiU. 

Purchased. 

Ad.  8k. 

Uniguaj. 

Alan  Peel  [C. 
ScIaterCoIl. 

«".' 

,;ad.8k. 

ConchitM,  Arp.  Rep.  {Hudton). 

(". 

.  ^  ad.  Bk. 

ConchitaB,  A^.  Rep.  (Hvdma). 

Salvin-Godma 

.  Ad.  sk. 

Punta  Lftra,  Buenoa  ATres. 

H.  Dumford  [ 

v" 

,  Ad.  ak. 

BuenoB  Ayres  (HatUhwil). 
PampM  o!  Axg,  RepuUic  (Ley- 

Caarafii,  Bolivia  {Buckley). 

Sclaler  Coll. 

If' 

'.    5Bd.8k. 

SalviD-Gudma 

x" 

.  Ad.ak. 

Salvin-Qodim 

«•: 

.    Ad.Bk 

Sclater  CoU. 

i: 

Ad.Bk. 

Bolivia. 

T.  Bridges  [0. 

SclaterColt 

'.  Ad.  Ik. 

IJma,  Peru  (iVoAon). 

b" 

'.  Skeleton. 

Eyton  CoU. 

10.  Tyranniu  apolites. 
LaphjctM  apolites,  Oi(.  et  Eein.  Mm.  Hein.  ii.  p.  77. 
Tjmnnua  apolites,  Ridg^c.  Proc.  V.S.  Nat.  Mm.  i.  p.  478. 

Similar  to  T.  tnelaneholieus,  but  amaller,  bill  sbort«raDdw 
cap  blackiab,  not  greyish ;  darker  back  and  much  paler 
first  five  primaries  acuminated :  whole  length  7  inches,  wii 
tail  3-7. 

Nah.  9.E.  Brazil  (?). 

The  unique  specimen  of  this  curious  bird  has  been  kindly  I 
me  for  oxamiaation  by  Herr  Heine.  I  think  it  belongs  to  a  d 
Bjiccies,  most  nearly  allied   to    T.  melanrhoticus,  and  <lr:if   \ 


by  its  pare  wliite  throst,  yellow  breast,  more  greenish  back,  and 
deeply  forked  tail. 

0.  (f  ad.  tk.  Goyu,  Brazil  (A'alterei-).  Sclatei  Coll. 


il  (from  aboTB)  nod  wing  (from  bcncalb)  of  Tifran, 
(P.  Z.  S.  188U,  p.  -."J.) 


78.  MiLvrms.  „ 

Tjpe. 

MilYuluB,  Sw.  Zool  Joam.  HI  p.  la")  (1827)    M.  tyrannus. 

Despotes,  Reichenb.  Ab.  Sijit.  Xat.  t.  Ixvi.  (IftiiO)    M.  tyranaua. 

The  long  forked  tail  at  once  distinpruishes  this  genus  from 
Tyranmta.  The  two  known  B^iecius  extend  from  Texas  and  Mexico 
to  die  Argentine  Republic, 

Key  to  the  Species. 

A.  Cap  blank  ;  flanks  white ;  outer  rectrix  much 

longer  than  nL'xt    1.  It/ramiur,  p.  277. 

B.  Cap   grey ;   flanks   rosy  ;    two   outur   rectrices 

nearly  equally  elongated  2.  furficatiu,  p.  27!). 


1.  IKilmlns  tyrannna. 
Uuscicapa  tymnous,  Linn.  S.  If.  i.  p.  32B. 
Tyrannus  eavans,  VkHI.  Ou.  Am.  &^t.  i.  p.  72,  pi,  43 ;  at  Jirie.  Mith. 

p.  853 ;  Sw.  Quart.  Joiim.  Se.  xi.  p.  282. 
MuBcicapa  savana,  B/i.  Aia.  Oni.  i.  p.  1,  pi.  i.  fig.  I. 
lyannus  (Wilvulua)  mouachus,  Bartt.  ifcp.  Zoal.  1844.  p  2J4. 
lliespotes  tvrannua,  Bp.  Not.  Om.  p.  87. 
MilTuluB  monachus,  SdaUr,  Ibis,  1658,  p.  439  (Mexico) ;  ul.  P.Z.& 


rrsAxniDx. 


1869,  p.  384  (8.  W.  Mexico) ;  Scl.  et  Sah.  Ibu,  1850,  p.  12 1  (Ouftf 
main) ;   Tagior,  Ibu,  1860,  p.  114  (Hondurw)  j  Lator.  Ann.  Li 
N.  r.  Tii.  p.  295;  Baird,  B.  S.  Am.  p.  168. 
Milvulus  tyranDUS,  Cg6.  in  ScAomb.  Guian.  iii.  p.  600 ;  Oi6.  e(  ne\ 
Mu».  ffrin.  ii.  p.  78;  Scl.  P.Z.S.  185(1,  p.  207,  1868,  i    *" 


.  .  .  ^  ,  p.  »68, 

p.  66  (Honduras)  ;."rf.  Cat.  A.  B.  f.2^7 ;  Cab.  J./.  0.1»i 
p.  251  (Costa  Rica) ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1304,  p.  361  (Pflnami 
1867,  pp.  578,  978  (Lower  Amazons),  1873,  p.  283  (E.  Pen 
1870,  p.  516  (Antioquia)  et  p.  610  (Bolivia) ;  itd.  Mnieiid.  p.  6 
X<wr.  Arm.  Lye.  N.  Y.  vili.  p.  177,  ix.  p.  116;  Salv.  F.  Z. 
1867,  p.  140,  et  1870,  p.  109  (Veragua) ;  id.  Ihu,  ]87i.  p.  3 
(NicaraBua),  et  1886,  p.  290  (Br.  Guiana) ;  F}antt.  J./.  0.  18*. 
p.  309  (Costa  Rica) ;  Wyatt,  IbU,  1871,  p.  .134  (Colombia) ;  Layat 
IbU,  1873,  p.  383  (Para) ;  Ridga.  P.  U.S.  JV.  M.  y.  p.  4ilC  (Uof 
Eicft),  et  Ti.  p.  375  (Nicaragua) ;  Damf.  Ibu,  1877,  p.  178  (Buen 
Ayies) ;  SoIb.  d  Godm.  Ibti,  1870,  p.  202  (Santa  Mnrta) ;  Oibir 
Ibis,  1880,  p,  26  (Buenos  Ayres),  et  1886,  p.  280  (Uruguaj 
■tvi.;i.    T>  7  (T    ma')   ..    ana  i i Cn  ^  ■    o.^i    T   f  n   ifii 


(,  p.  608  (Aiw.  Rep.)  ;  Serl.  J.  f.  O.  IS 

1884,  p,  435  (Veneiuela)i   Tacz.  Ont.  Pir. 

p.  332 ;   C<me»,  Key  N.  A.  B.  1881,  p.  4.'il ;  Berl.  et  Jher.  ZeiUc. 


get.  Om.  1885,  p.  138  (Rio  Grande  do  Sul);  Barrowi,  Btdl.  Nu 

Om.  CI.  ii.  p.  203  (Entrerios) ;  Scl.  et  Hudg.  Art/.  Om.   i.  p.  If 
Tyrannus  violentus,  Vieill.  Ximv.  Diet.  xxxv.  p.  89 ;  id.  Bnc.  Md. 

p.  864  iei  Aaira,  no.  100) ;  Bui-m.  Syet.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  467 ;  id.  I 

PttUa  Itei»e,  ii.  p.  453;  id.  J.  f.   O.  1860,  p.  246   (La  Plata 

Stemherg,_  J.f.  6.  1860,  pp.  131,  258. 
Muecicapa  violenta,  Bp.  Journ.  Ac.  Phil.  ir.  p.  378  (1825). 
lyrarnus  tyrannus,  iTOrt.  Voy.,  Ois.  p.  310. 
MilvuluB  Tioientus,  Bp.  Camp.  l.  p.  191 ;  Cab.  et  Ilcin.  Mat.  He 

U.  p.  78 ;  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  237 ;  Felz.  0,-b.  Bras.  p.  118  ;  Sd. 

StUv.  P.  Z.  S.  1868,  p.  142  (Conchitas) ;  Eeinh.  Fuglef.  Camp.  Br 

p.  133. 

Above  cinerooos,  rump  blackish  ;  cap  jet-black,  with  a  concea] 
yellow  Tcrtioal  crest;  wings  dark  brown ;  tail  black,  outer  web 


•  78.   MILTULUB. 


279 


m.  J  jr.  sk. 
fly  0.  (^  ad.  sk. 
p.  S  ad,  9k. 

r.  Ad.  dk. 
«,  <.  Jr.  sk. 

u,  V,  Ad.  8k. 

V.  Ad.  St. 

j:*.  Ad.  St. 

y,  cJ  ad. ;  z.  ?  ad. ; 

a'.  cJ  jr.  sk. 
b\  ^  ad.  sk. 

€'.  2  ad.  sk. 

cT,  S  ad.  sk. 

e'.  Ad.  sk. 
f,  Jr.  sk. 

g\  ^  ad.  sk. 
A',  t*.  cJ  $  ad.  sk. 
f.  Jr.  sk. 
A^,  Z*.  cJ  ad.  sk. 
m\  $  ad.  sk. 
n',  o'.  <5  5  ad.  sk. 
/»',  q\  Ad.  sk. 
r'.  <J  ad.  sk. 

»\  ^  ad.  sk. 
/'.  fS  ad.  sk. 


Veragaa  {Arci). 
Panama  (McLeamtan), 
San  Sebastian,  Santa  Marta, 

U.  S.  C.  (Simons), 
Medellin,  U.  S.  C.  {Salmon). 
Bogota. 
Bucaramanga,  U.  S.  C. 

(Mifilos). 
Tobago  (Kirk). 
British  Guiana. 
S.  America. 
Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana 

( IVhitely). 
Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana 

(Whifeh/). 
Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana 

(IJliiteli/). 
Guia,  Upper  Rio  Negro 

(  Wallace). 
Mexiana  ( Wallace). 
Yquitoa,  Upper  Amazons 

( WhiUly). 
Para  (Layard). 
Pernambuco,  Brazil  (Forbes). 
Pemambuco,  Brazil  (Forbes). 
Bahia,  Brazil  (  Wuchercr). 
Brazil. 
Urujruay. 
Monte  Video. 

Pampas  of  Arg-.  Rep.  (Ley- 
bold). 
Mendoza,rep.  Arg.  (Leybold). 
Punla  Lara,  Buenos  Ayre.s. 

2.  Milvnlns  forficatns. 


Salvin-Godman  CoU. 
Salyin-Godman  CoU. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salyin-Godman  Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater  Coll. 

Jardine  Coll. 

R.  Geogr.  Soc.  [P.]. 

Purchased. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll, 

Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Tweeddale  Coll. 
Salvin-Ciodman  ColL 
SelaU'r  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
ScLiter  Coll. 
Alan  Peel  [C.]. 
W.  (J.  Lettsom  [C.l 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
H.  Durnford  [C.]. 


Muscicana  forficata,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  p.  9.'U  ;  Vieill.  Ois.  Am.  Sept. 
i,  p.  71 ;  Bp.  Am.  Oi-n.  i.  p.  15,  pi.  2.  tig.  1. 

Milvulus  forficatus,  Sw.  Clajus.  B.  ii.  p.  225  ;  Baird^  B.  X.  Am.  p.  169 ; 
Cab.  et  Ilein.  Mms.  Ilein.  ii.  p.  71) ;  Bp.  Not.  Orn.  p.  87 ;  Sclat. 
Ibis,  1859,  p.  439;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  2,37  ;  Scl  et  Salv.  Ibis,  1850, 
p.  121;  iid.  Noitwncl.  p.  53;  Taylor,  Ibi^,  IHOO,  p.  114;  (Hon- 
duras); Cab.  J.  f.  O.  1801,  p.  252  (Costa  Rica);  Dresser,  Ibis, 
1865,  p.  472  (Texas) ;  Later.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  ix.  p.  116 ;  Frantz, 
J.f.  O.  1869,  p.  309  (Costa  Rica) ;  Salv.  Ibis,  1872,  p.  318  (Nica- 


ragua) ;  MerriU,  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  i.  p.  137  (Texas) ;  Ridgio.  Ann, 

.S.N. 
C.S.  1^78, 
N:a.  B.  1884,  p.  431. 


Lye.  N.  Y.  x.  p.  394 ;  id.  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  vi.  pp.  374,  384  (Nica- 
ragua); Boucard,  P.  Z.  S.  1^78,  p.  ()5  (Costa  Kica) ;   Coues,  Key 


Tvrannus  mexicanus,  Steph.  Gen.  Zool.,  Birds,  xiii.  pt.  2,  p.  134. 
Muscicapa  spectabilis,  Licht.  in  Mus.  Berol. 

Above  grey ;  slight  concealed  vertical  crest  crimson ;  wings 
brownish  black,  coverts  and  secondaries  edged  with  white ;  ttiil — six 
middle  rectrices  black,  three  outer  pairs  white,  more  or  less  stained 
with  rosaceous,  and  with  the  apical  portions  black :  beneath  paler, 
nearly  white,  axillaries  deep  rosy  red ;  flanks,  crissum^  and  undpr 


3S0  OXTBnAMPHIDX. 

ving-floTBrta  more  or  less  stained  with  the  same  colour ;  firat  primal 
aBMginatad ;  two  outer  rectrices  of  nearly  equal  lengtii ;  bill  browi 
feet  hlantish :  whole  lenifth  13  inches,  wing  5,  tail — out«r  reel 
S,  middle  reotr.  2'8.  Female  simtlar,  but  outer  tail-feathers  a 
unially  so  long. 

Bm.  Texas,  Uexico,  and  Central  America  down  to  Costa  Bica. 


Eu  A.d.rt. 


Central  America. 


A  (f  ad.  sk.  Texas  {Bfimann). 

*  (f  ad.  sk.  Teins  (Baird). 

/.  <f  ad.  sk.  ScnlW-ville,  Texas 

(l^cGirthey). 

»,*.  rf  5  ftd.Bk.  Coban,  Vera  Pai  (Salirin). 

K;-  (f  9  ad.  ak.  Cobon,  Vera  Paz  {Sakiu). 

iL  Ad.  sk.  Vera  Pai. 

L  (S  jr.  sk.  Dueoas,  QaRtemsla  (Saivin). 

I*.  J  ftd.  sk.  CoBta  Rica  (CarmUJ). 

M.  $  ad.  sk.  Sacnjo,  Nicaragua  {Nutlingy. 


Purchased. 
SalviQ-Oodman  Coll. 
ScUter  Coll. 
Salvin-tilodman  ColL 

Siilviii-GodmanColl. 
ScUter  Coll. 
Purchased. 
SalTin-Oodnian  Coll. 
Salvin-Oodmnn  Coll. 
R.  a  Sharpo,  Esq.  [P 


Family  II.  OXYRHAMPHID^. 

The  single  genua  OTgrhtmphta,  which  constitutes  this  famil 
is  at  once  recogniiable  from  the  Tyrannida  by  its  atraight,  shar 
point«d  bill,  which  is  beset  on  the  lores  and  front  and  under  tl 
chin  by  numerous  small  and  short  bristly  feathers,  and  by  tl 
serration  of  the  outer  web  of  the  outer  primary.  The  taraus 
exaspidean,  as  in  the  Tt/rannida,  The  digits  are  nearly  free,  as 
the  Oseinet.     (See  page  2.) 

Three  closely  allied  species  of  this  genus  are  known  from  varioi 
points  of  the  Neotropical  Begion, 


1.   OXTBHAKPHXTB.  281 

Key  to  the  Species, 

Beneath  pale  yellowish  green,  with  blackish 
shaft-spots: 

r  plumage  duller :  tail  longer 1.  flammicepsj  p.  2S1. 

\  plumage  brighter :  tail  shorter    2.  frattr^  p.  281. 

Beneath  white,  flanks  and  belly  tinged  with 

green,  with  blackish  shaft-spots    3.  hypoglaucus,  p.  282. 

1.  Oxyrhamphns  flammiceps. 

Oxyrhynchus  flammiceps,  Temrn.  PL  Col.  125 ;  Cab,  et  HeinCj  Mue. 

kein.  ii.  p.  31 ;  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B,  p.  100. 
Oxyrhamphus  flammiceps,  Gray,  List  of  Gen.  (1841),  p.  23 ;  Bp, 

Cansp.  I.  p.  211 ;  Bttmi.  Syst.  Ueb.  iii.  p.  33 ;  Pelzelrij  Orn,  Bras, 

p.  42  ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl,  p.  41. 
Oxyrhynchus  cristatus,  Sw.  Zool.  III.  pi.  49. 
Oxyrhynchus  serratus,  Mikan,  Del.  Flor.  et  Faun.  Bras,  (cum  fig.). 

Above  green,  wings  and  tail  blackish  brown  edged  with  green ; 
centre  of  crown  black,  with  a  large  median  crest,  occupying  the 
vertex,  of  bright  fiery  red :  superciliaries  and  sides  of  head  pale 
greenish,  with  black  spots :  beneath  pale  yellowish,  thickly  covered 
with  black  shaft-spots ;  middle  of  belly  and  under  wing-coverts  pale 
sulphur-yellow ;  bill  plumbeous ;  feet  blackish :  whole  length  6*5 
inches,  wing  3*7,  tail  2-5.  Female  similar,  but  red  crest  perhaps 
not  quite  so  bright. 

Hab.  S.E.  BrazU. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Novo  Fribourgo,  Rio       Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Youds). 

b.  Ad.  St.  Brazil.  Lord  Stuart  de  Rothesay  [P.]. 
e.  Ad.  St.              Brazil.  Eyton  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  St.  Brazil.  Purchased. 

c,/.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

ff.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Purchased. 

2.  Oxyrhamphus  frater. 

Oxyrhamphus  frater,  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  18(i8,  p.  326  ;  tid.  Ex,  Om. 

p.  131,  t.  06;  lid.  Nomencl.  p.  41. 
Oxyrhynchus  frater,  Salvin^  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  104  (Veragua). 
Oxyrhynchus  flammiceps,  Later.  Ann.  L.  N.  Y.  ix.  p.  100  (Costa 

Kica). 

Nearly  similar  to  0,  flammiceps,  but  brighter ;  margins  of  the 
secondaries  and  wing-coverts  broader  and  of  a  lighter  and  more 
yellowish  colour ;  tail  shorter. 

Hab,  Costa  Rica  and  Veragua. 

a,  (^  ad.;  b,  2       Calovevora,  Veragua  (Arc4),    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

ad. ;  c.  2  i^'  sk* 
d.  $  jr.  sk.  Castillo,  Veragua  (Arc4),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Types  of  the  species.) 
e,f,  (S  ad.  sk.        Veragua  {Arci),  Sclater  Coll. 


VeraguB  (Arc^.  O.  Salvin,  Eeq.  [P, 

Costa  Rica  {Carmiof).        Salvin-Godman  Co 

3.  OzyThamphiu  hypoKlaucTU. 

OxTThamplius  hvpoglftuCDB,  Salfin  et  Godman,  lbi>,  1661),  p.  20 
Salvin,  Ibu,  1886,  p.  291. 

Above  green ;  winga  and  tail  brownish  black  edged  with  gree 
the  margins  of  the  eoverte  and  secondaries  broader  and  more  yi 
lowish ;  large  vertical  crest  scarlet,  bordered  by  black  on  each  Bid 
beneath  white,  with  a  ftiint  greeniah  tinge  on  the  sides  of  the  broe 
and  flanks,  and  covered  with  ntimerouB  blackish  ahaft^^pots ;  midd 
of  beUy  white  ;  under  wing-coverte  pale  yellowish ;  bill  above  hor 
coloor,  beneath  whitish ;  feet  plumbeous :  whole  length  6'3  inchi 
wing  3'6,  tail  2'S.     Female  similar. 

Bab,  Gniona. 

a.  $  ad.  sk.  Henund  Mts.,  Brit  Quiana      Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

b,  c.  ij  ad.  i  d,  e.     RoTsima,  Brit.  Ooiana  Salvin-Godman  ColL 
$  ad.  sk.                 {Whitehf).  (Types  of  thu  specie 

/  cf  ad. ;  g  h.  Q     lUmina,  Brit  Quiana  f<c)ater  Coll. 

ad.  sk.  (  WhiUfy). 


Family  III.  PIPRID.^. 

The  Ptprttfd',  of  which  about  70  species  are  known,  have  be 
usnally  regarded  as  merely  a  subfamily  of  the  Cotingida,  and  t 
two  groups  are  certainly  very  closely  allied.     But  as  regards  th< 

esaspidean  turei,  the  Pijiriilip  come  nearer  the  Tyrartnkhr,  and  th 
further  dintinguisht'd   from    most   of   the    Cotivgida   by  thi 


1.   PIPEITES.  283 


Subfamily  I.  PIPRINiE. 

Key  to  the  Genera. 

A.  Tail  rather  lengthened. 

a.  Frontal  feathers  recumbent. 

a\  Tail  squared  or  alightlj  rounded. 
a".  Without  a  nuchal  crest. 

a"'.  BiU  shorter     1.  Pipeites,  p.  283. 

&'".  BiU  longer : 

\  mesorhinium  compressed    2.  Chloropipo,  p.  "2^^. 
I  mesorhinium  rounaed    . .     3.  Xknopipo,  p.  287. 

6".  With  a  nuchal  crest 4.  Ckratopipra,  p.  288. 

6'.  Outer  tail-feathers  much  elongated    5.  CiimnoPiPRA,  p.  289 
h.  Frontal  feathers  erect. 

c'.  Bill  short,  widened  at  the  base ; 
front  crested. 
\  Tarsi  shorter;  scutes  divided.     0.  Mktopia,  p.  290. 
)  Tarsi  lon<^er;  scutes  united.       7.  Masius,  p.  290. 
ef .  Bill  lonor,  much  constricted ;  front 

not  crested     8.  Mktopothrix,  p.  292. 

B.  Tail  short. 

c.  Winprs  of  males  normal. 

j  Bill  wider  9.  Pipra,  p.  292. 

I  Bill  more  compressed    10.  Nkopipo,  p.  30.S. 

d.  Wings  of  males  modified. 

e\  Stems  of  secondaries  thickened.  .    11.  MA(n.i-:ROPTERUS,  p.  30.3. 
/'.  Stems  of  primaiies  thickened. 

c".  Primaries  straight 12.  Cuiroxipiiia,  p.  307. 

fV.  Primaries  curved. 

{Middle  tail-feathers  length- 
ened       13.  IIelicura,  p.  311. 
Tail  squared  14.  (^hiromacua:ris,  p.  312. 


1.  PIPRITES. 

Piprites,  Cab.  Tf  ler/m.  Arch.  xiii.  pt.  i.  p.  234  (1847). ...   P.  pileatus. 
Ilemipipo,  Cab.  ibid.  (1847)   P.  chloris. 

The  short,  strong,  Parinc  bill,  strong  feet,  and  less  united  toes 
suflSciently  distinguish  this  little  group  of  five  species,  which 
extends  from  CostJi  llica  to  Brazil.  The  first  s])ecies  shows  these 
characters  to  excess,  the  other  four  (Ilemipipo)  are  not  so  divergent 
in  structure. 

Key  to  the  Species. 

A.  Bill  shorter;  back  red  :  sexes  distinct  (Piprites).  1.  piieattts,  p.  284. 

B.  Bill  longer ;  back  green :  sexes  similar  (Hemi- 

fnpo), 
a.  Cap  olivaceous ;  front  yellowish. 
fl'.  Abdomen  yellowish  olive. 

\  Larger ;  nape  olivaceous    2.  chloris^  p.  284. 

1  Smaller  ;  nape  greyish    3.  tschudiij  p.  284. 

h\  Andomen  cinereous  4.  chloriouj  p.  285. 

6.  Cap  and  front  cinereous     5.  priseiceps,  p.  285. 


1.  PlpritM  ^iMtU. 

I^pnpilMta,  Temm.  Pt.  Coi.  172.  &g.  i. 
I'ipril**  pUeatus,  Cab.  Witgm.  Ardt.  liU.  pt.  i.  p. 

I  p.  174;  Sel.  Cal.  A.  B.  p.  2«l:  PtU.  Om.  Br 

Sals.  KummcL  p.  63. 


2U;  Bp.  Omm. 
M.p.lM;  IkLM 


AboTe  d«rk  cheetnot-red ;  cap  blmck ;  wings  black,  edged  witk 
grmn  :  outer  leoondariea  and  wing-coTerta  red  like  tbe  back  :  tail 
red,  with  a  large  central  black  btutch  occupying  the  whole  of  the 
two  middle  pain  of  rectriL-ea  except  the  tips :  beneath  rcddiah 
folTooa ;  middle  of  belly  and  under  wing-coverta  yctlowiah ;  bill 
and  feet  pale  red:  whole  length  4*7  incbca,  wing  2*9,  tail  2' I. 
Female  aimilar,  but  upper  part  of  the  back  ollvaoeoua. 

Bab.  SJE.  Braui. 


I.  Ad.  si 


nrailL 
ItnuU. 
BtaiiL 


C.  Darwin,  Eaq.  [P.]. 
ScUler  Cull. 
SalTin-tiodman  CoO. 


2.  P^tMcUoris. 
Pipra  chbris,  Temm.  Ft.  GJ.  17i>.  fig.  2. 

I'iprites  Moiu,  So.  Vantp.  i.  p.  174 1  SeL  <Mt.  A.  £.  p.  246;  t^eb. 
Om.  Brat.  p.  13U  i  fkt.  ^  Sair.  Somend.  p.  A-l 

nemipipii  chlorii,  Cab.  n'ifffm.  Ank.  xiii.  pi.  i.  p.  234. 

Abore  oliTc-green  ;  lores  whitish  ;  front  rufeacent ;  sides  of  head 
cinereoua  ;  wings  blackish  edged  with  green  ;  broad  tips  of  oorerta 
and  outer  woondaries  white  ;  tail  blackish,  edged  with  green,  aiw) 
tidied  with  white  spots  :  beneath  yellowish  green  ;  under  surface 
of  rnniget  at  their  bases  creamy  white ;  bend  of  wing  yellowish ; 
bill  einereoua  ;  foet  pale  brown  :  whole  length  5-7  inches,  wing  2-S, 


1.    P1PBITS8. 


285 


a.  Ad.  sk. 

b.  Ad.  sk. 
e.  Ad.  sk. 
d,  e.  Ad.  sk. 
/.  Ad.  sk. 


Bogota. 

Bogota. 

Colombia. 

Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley). 

Rio  Kapo. 


Sclater  Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  CoU. 
Sclater  ColL 


4.  Fiprites  chlorion. 

Hemipipo  chlorion,  Cab.  Wiegm.  Arch.  xiii.  pt.  i.  p.  2.34. 

Piprites  chlorion,  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  174;  Pelz.  Orn.  Bras.  p.  126; 

Salv.  et  Godm.  Ibis,  1882,  p.  78  (Brit.  Guiana)  ;  Salv.  Ibisy  1886, 

p.  299  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Above  bright  olive-green ;  nape  and  sides  of  head  cinereous  ; 
front  and  lores  yellowish ;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  slightly  margined 
with  olivaceous ;  tips  of  wing-coverts,  broad  ends  of  outer  second- 
aries, and  tips  of  tail-foathers  creamy  white :  beneath  cinereous ; 
middle  of  belly  whiter  ;  throat  and  crissum  pale  yellow  ;  bill  and 
feet  plumbeous :  whole  length  4*5  inches,  wing  2*8,  tail  2*2, 
Female  similar. 

Hab.  British  Guiana. 

This  species  is  at  once  distinguished  from  the  former  by  its 
yellowish  throat  and  cinereous  belly. 

a.  (^  ad.  sk.  Roraima,     Brit.     Guiana 

miittehj). 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Roraima,      Brit.      Guiana 

(  }piUly). 

Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana 

(  Whitely). 
Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana 

( Whitehj). 
Merunit^  Mts.,  Brit.  Guiana 

{Whitdij). 


c.  (S  ad.  sk. 

d.  $  ad.  sk. 
e,f.  <5  $  ad.  sk. 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


5.  Piprites  griseiceps. 

Kprites  griseiceps,  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  583  (Costa  Rica) ;  Later. 
Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  ix.  p.  116  (Costa  Rica);  Frantz.  J.f.  O.  1869, 
p.  309  (Costa  Rica). 

Above  olive-green  ;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  edged  with  olive ; 
front,  cap,  and  sides  of  head  cinereous  :  spot  in  front  of  eye  whitish  : 
beneath  yellowish,  olivaceous  on  the  sides  ;  under  wing-coverts 
creamy  white  ;  bill  blackish  :  feet  cinereous  :  whole  length  4  inches, 
wing  2*6,  tail  1*8. 

Hab.  Costa  Rica. 

The  dark  ashy  cap  renders  this  species  at  once  recognizable. 


a.  Ad.  sk.         Tucurrique,  Costa  Rica  {Arc6). 


Salvm-Godman  Coll. 
(Type  of  the  species.) 


1.  Fipritea  pileatm. 
I^pra  pilaata,  Temm.  PI.  Col.  172.  fig.  1. 
Fiprihda  pileatus,  Cab.  Witgtn.  Arch.  xiii.  pt 

1.  p.  174  i  Sd.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  240 ;  PeU.  Or 

Salv.  Jfommcl.  p.  63. 


p.  234 ;  Bp.  t 
Brat.  p.  126;  • 


Above  dark  chestnut-red;  cap  black;  wings  black,  edged 
green  ;  outer  Beconduies  and  wiag-coverta  red  like  the  back 
red,  with  a  large  central  black  blotch  occnpying  the  whole  o 
two  middle  pairs  of  rectricea  except  the  tips ;  beneath  re 
fulvons ;  middle  of  belly  and  under  wing-coverts  yellowish 
and  feet  pale  red ;  whole  length  4'7  inches,  wing  2-9,  tail 
Femak  similar,  but  upper  part  of  the  back  olivaceous. 

Bab.  SJi.  Brazil. 


a.  Ad.  St. 

b.c.  Si  ad.  ak. 

d.  cf  ad.  sk. 


Brawli 


C.  Darwin,  Esq 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sslvin-Godman 


2.  Pipritea  cUoria. 

Pipra  chloris,  Temm.  PI.  Col.  172.  fig,  2. 

Piprites  chloiiB,  Bp.  Omtp.  i.  p.  174 ;  ScL  Oat.  A.  B.'p.2i6; 

Om.  Bra*,  p.  120  ;  Set.  et  Sati'.  Nommcl,  p.  63. 
Hemipipo  chloris,  Cab.  Wtegm.  Arch.  liii.  pt.  i.  p.  234. 

Above  olive'green  ;  lores  whitish  ;  front  rufescent ;  sides  of 
cinereous  ;  wings  blackish  edged  with  green  ;  broad  tips  of  c<: 
and  OQter  secondaries  white  ;  tail  blackish,  edged  with  green, 
tipped  with  white  spots  :  beneath  yellowiah  green  ;  under  a 
of  remigea  at  their  bases  oreamy  white ;  bend  of  wing  y 
whole  k'usth  o"7  iuchca 


1.   P1PBITE8. 


286 


o.  Ad.  sk. 
b.  Ad.  sk. 
e.  Ad.  sk. 
df  e.  Ad.  sk. 
/.  Ad.  ak. 


Bogota. 

Bogota. 

Colombia. 

Sarayacu,  Ecuador  {Buckley), 

Bio  Napo. 


Sdater  Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  CoU. 
Sclater  ColL 


4.  Fiprites  chlorion. 

Hemipipo  chlorion,  Cab.  Wiegm,  Arch.  xiii.  pt.  i.  p.  284. 

Piprites  chlorion,  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  174;  Pelz.  Oi-n.  Bras.  p.  126; 

Sedv,  et  Godm.  Ibis,  1882,  p.  78  (Brit.  Guiana)  ;  Salv.  Ibis,  1886, 

p.  299  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Above  bright  olive-green ;  nape  and  sides  of  head  cinereous ; 
front  and  lores  yellowish  ;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  slightly  margined 
with  olivaceous ;  tips  of  wing-coverts,  broad  ends  of  outer  second- 
aries, and  tips  of  tail-feathers  creamy  white :  beneath  cinereous ; 
middle  of  belly  whiter  ;  throat  and  crissum  pale  yellow  ;  bill  and 
feet  plumbeous :  whole  length  4*5  inches,  wing  2*8,  tail  2'2. 
Female  similar. 

Bab.  British  Guiana. 

This  species  is  at  once  distiDguishcd  from  the  former  by  its 
yellowish  throat  and  cinereous  belly. 

fl.  cfad.sk.  Roraima,     Brit.     Guiana 

(  niiitehj). 
b.  Ad.  sk.  Roraima,      Brit.      Guiana 

(  Whitehj). 
Bartica  Grove,  Hrit.  Guiana 

(  Whitely). 
Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  (Uiiana 

{Whitelii). 
Merunie  Mt*?.,  Brit.  Guiana 

(  Whitehj), 


c,  (S  ad.  sk. 

d.  $  ad.  sk. 
e,f,  cJ  $  ad.  sk. 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


5.  Piprites  griseiceps. 

Piprites  griseiceps,  Salv.  P.Z.  S.  18G4,  p.  583  (Costa  Rica);  Lnwr, 
Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  ix.  p.  110  (Costa  Rica);  Frantz.  J.f.  O.  1869, 
p.  309  (Costa  Rica). 

Above  olive-green  ;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  edged  with  olive ; 
front,  cap,  and  sides  of  head  cinereous  ;  spot  in  front  of  eye  whitish  : 
beneath  yellowish,  olivaceous  on  the  sides  ;  under  wing-coverts 
creamy  white  ;  bill  blackish  :  feet  cinereous  :  whole  length  4  inches, 
wing  2-5,  tail  1*8. 

Hah.  Costa  Rica. 

The  dark  ashy  cap  renders  this  species  at  once  recognizable. 

a.  Ad.  sk.         Tucurriqut^,  Costa  Rica  {Arci).         Salvm-Godman  Coll. 

(Type  of  the  species.) 


4.  CEBATOPIFRA.  ^ 

Centoppra,  Bp.  Contp.  Vol.  Anitod.  p.  6  (1854)  Cut. 

The  longer  tail,  Btronger  tarsi,  and  peculiar  extended  crest  s< 
separate  this  genus  from  the  typical  Piprce,  and  I  have  the 
placed  it  apart,  under  the  generic  term  suggested  for  it  by  Bona 

The  two  known  species  are  restricted  to  Ouiaua  and  Amazo 

E«i/  to  the  Speeia. 

A.  Throat  Ted,  like  the  head 1.  comuta,  p. 

B,  Tbioat  Uack,  like  the  belly 2.  tracuada,  p 

1.  Caratopipra  conrata. 

KpTft  comuta,  ^pix,  An.  Brtu.  ii.  p.  5,  pi.  7.  f.  2 ;  WagL  Iti>, 
p.  933  {  Cab.  in  SehomJt.  Gaiana,  iii.  p.  UDO ;  Sp.  Gmtp.  i.  p 
Burm.  &/tt.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  4i4 ;  Sdaler,  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  p.  71 
Napo)  trf.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  248 ;  Pelt.  Om.  Bras.  p.  127 ;  C 
.Hinn.  Mtu.  Hem.  ii.  p.  02 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomeiid.  p.  B4 ; 
J6u,  1886,  p.  299  (Br.  Guiana) ;   Tacx.  Om.  J%r.  ii.  p.  337, 

Ceratopipra  comuta,  Sp.  Conip.  Vol,  AnUod.  p.  6. 

Oloeay  black;  whole  head  and  ne(^  all  round,  together 
elongated  nnchal  crest  and  thighs,  bright  scarlet ;  bill  anc 
whity  brown:  whole  length  4-8  inches,  wing  2-5,  tail  1-7,  F 
green ;  wings  and  tail  brownish ;  throat  and  middle  of  betlj 
yellowish  green. 

Hab.  Guiana  and  district  of  Bio  Negro. 

h-d.  d  ad. ;'  e. 

rfjr.;/.  2 
ad.  sk, 

IloraimB.Brit.GniBna(  I 


5.  CIBBHOPIPRA.  289 

5.  CIBBHOPIPRA. 

Type. 

Cirrliipipray  Bp,  Consp,  L  p.  172  (1850) C.  Hhcauda. 

Teieonema,  Meichenb,  Av.  8y$t.  Nat.  t.  Ixiii.  (1850)    C.  filicauda. 

The  peculiar  elongated  tail-feathers  render  this  form,  which  in 
other  respects  comes  very  near  the  true  Piprce,  easily  recognizable. 
It  is  rather  widely  spread  over  Amazonia,  Colombia,  Ecuador,  and 
Yenezuela. 

Key  to  the  Species. 

A,  Outer  rectrices  filiform 1.  JUicauda^  p.  289. 

B.  Outer  rectrices  acuminated    2.  heterocerca^  p.  289. 

1.  Cirrhopipra  fllicauda. 

Fipra  filicauda,  Spiv,  Av.  Bras.  ii.  p.  5,  pi.  8.  fi^s.  1,2;   Wagl.  Isisj 

1830,  p.  936 ;  Tsch.  Faun.  Per.,  Aves,  p.  14;3 ;   Sclater,  P.  Z  S. 

1855,  p.  152  (Bogota)  ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  247 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl. 

p.  54;  iid.   P.  Z.  S.  18GC,  p.  190  (R.  Ucayali),   18(37,  p.  579 

hi.  Amazons),  18C8,  p.  628  (Venezuela),  1873,  p.  282  (E.  Peru)  ; 

Pek.  Om.  Bras.  p.  126  j  Tacz.  Om.  Per.  ii.  p.  336 ;  Bunn,  Syit, 

Ueh.  ii.  p.  446. 
Cirrhipipra  filicauda,  Bp.   Consp.  i.  p.  172 ;  Sclatery  P.  Z.  S.  1857, 

p.  266  (Upper  Amazons),  et  1>^>.S,  p.  71  (Rio  Napo). 
Teleonema  filicaudum,  Cah.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  91. 

Velvety  black  ;  whole  head  and  neck  above  scarlet,  front  yellow : 
beneath  bright  yellow  ;  crissum  black  ;  inner  webs  of  wing-feathers 
with  a  large  white  blotch ;  bill  plumbeous  ;  feet  reddish :  whole 
length  5*8  inches,  wing  2*6,  tail  3.  Female  green ;  wings  and 
tail  brown  with  green  margins :  beneath  paler,  more  yellowish  ; 
middle  of  belly  yellow. 

Hab,  Amazonia,  Ecuador,  Colombia,  and  Venezuela. 

a.   cJ  ad.  St.  Amazons.  Purchased. 

h,  cJ  ad.  sk.  Barra  do  Rio  Negro  (^Wallace).  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  c^  ad.  sk.  Upper  Amazons  {Hauxwell).  Gould  Coll. 

d.  S  ftd.  sk.  Pebas,  E.  Peru  {Ilauxipell).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e.  $  ad.  sk.  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  {Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
ff9'  6  ad'  sk.  Napo,  Ecuador  (Bucklei/).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
A.  2  ^'  8^'  l^^o  Napo.  Sclater  Coll. 

u  (^  ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

j.   (S  ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

k,  $  ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Purchased. 

/.   cJ  ad.  sk.  San  Estt^'ban,  Venezuela.  Sclater  Coll. 

m.  S  ad.  sk.  Venezuela  {Ooeiing).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

2.  Cirrhopipra  heterocerca. 

Pipra  heterocerca,  Scl,  P.  Z,  S.  1860,  p.  313  (N.  Brazil)  j  Scl.  et 
Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  54. 

Similar  to  CJHicauda^  but  outer  rectrices  acuminated  and  pro- 
duced, not  filiform. 
ffab,  Amazonia. 

TOL.  XIY.  XI 


I  hftve  nerer  seen  but  one  ezainple  of  this  bird,  and  regret  i 
that  I  do  not  know  where  that  now  is.  It  is  perhaps  rat 
doubtfbl  species. 


Metopia,  8wauu.  aatt.  B.  ii.  p.  254  (1837) M.  gi 

Antitophia,  Seichenb.  As.  Syit.  Nat.  L  Iiiii.  (1860) M.  ^ 

This  ornamental  form,  distinguished  by  its  splendid  ecarlel 
and  head  and  long  roanded  tail,  is  found  only  in  the  intei 
South  Brazil  and  SoUvia,  where  Natterer  tells  us  it  free 
marshy  places  and  keeps  near  the  ground. 

1.  Hetopia  galeata. 
Pipra  galBSta,  LieM.  Doubl.  p.  26  (1823)  j  Wagl.  Itis,  1830,  { 

3to.  S.  Brazil,  pL  23. 
Pipra  wiedii,  Zat.  Tr.  d'Om.  i.  p.  268. 
Hetopia  galeata,  Sw.  Clau.  B.  ii^.  254 ;  Bp.  Caiup.  i.  p,  170 ; 

Sutt.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  440 ;   Cab.  ef  Hein.  Mua.  Hein.  li.  p.  08 ;  & 

A.   B.  p.  262;  Pdx.   On.   Brat.  p.  129^  Set.  et  Sale.  M 

p  W;  ttd.  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  617  (Bolivia). 
AntU.iphia  galeata,  Bp.  Conip.  VoL  Anuod.  p.  S. 

Velvety  black ;  erect  &ontal  crest,  cap,  and  upper  part  ol 
bright  scarlet ;  bill  and  feet  brown :  whole  length  6-2  i 
wing  3-1,  tail  2-7.     Female.  Dull  olive-green,  paler  below, 

H<A.  S.  Brazil  and  Bolivia. 


Sfdviii-Oodma 


Bogota. 

Purchased. 

Bogota. 

Sclater  CoU. 

Bogota. 

Salvin-Godn 

Bogota. 
Bogota. 

Gould  CoU. 
Purchased. 

7.   MA8IV8.  291 

1.  MasiiiB  chryBoptoniB. 

Pipra  chrjsoptera,  Lafr,  Hev,  2jOoL  1843,  p.  97 ;  id,  Mag,  de  ZooL 
1843,  Ota,  pi.  44 ;  Orat/et  Mitch,  Gen.  B,  i.  p.  274,  pi.  67.  ^.  1. 

Masius  chrvsopterus,  Bp,  Corisp,  i.  p.  175 ;  Sclater^  P,  Z,  8,  1855, 
p.  152;  tdL  Cat,  A,  B,  p.  247;  Sd,  et  Salv,  Nomend.  p.  53;  Tacz, 
H  Berl.  P.  Z.  S,  1885,  p.  93  (Eastern  Ecuador). 

AnticuryB  chrysoptera,  Cab,  et  Hein.  Mua.  Hein,  ii.  p.  90. 

Above  velvety  black;  large  erect  crest  on  the  front  and  head 
bright  lemon-yellow,  the  feathers  on  the  nape  with  deep  reddish- 
orange  ends,  slightly  constricted ;  wings  and  tail  black,  with  the 
greater  part  of  the  inner  webs  of  the  remiges  and  rectrices  of  a 
bright  pale  yellow :  beneath  black,  large  patch  on  throat  yellow ; 
bill  and  feet  reddish:  whole  length  4*2  inches,  wing  2*4,  tail  18 
Fenude,  Olive-green  :  beneath  pale,  belly  yellowish. 

Hah,  Colombia  and  Eastern  Ecuador. 

a,  6.  (^  ad. ;  c.  $ 

ad.  St. 
dye.  d  2  ad-; 
/.  d  jr.  sk. 
y.  c^  ad. ;  h,i,  2 

ad.;;.  cJ  jr. sk. 
k-m.  is  ad.  sk. 
n.  cf  ftd.  sk. 


2.  Masins  coronnlatas. 

Masius  coronulatus,  Sclater y  P,  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  91  (Ecuador) ;  id. 
Cat  A.  B.  p.  247 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nometicl.  p.  53 ;  iid,  P,  Z.  S,  1870, 
pp.  516,  549  (Antioquia). 

Above  velvety  black ;  large  erect  crest  on  the  front  and  head 
bright  lemon-yellow,  the  feathers  on  the  nape  with  j)ale  clear  brown 
ends,  much  constricted  ;  wings  and  tail  black,  with  the  greater  part 
of  the  remiges  and  rectrices  of  a  bright  pale  yellow  :  beneath  black, 
large  patch  on  throat  yellow ;  bill  and  feet  reddish  :  whole  length 
4  inches,  wing  2*4,  tail  1*6. 

Female.  Olive-green  :  beneath  paler,  belly  yellowish. 

Hob.  Ecuador  and  Antioquia. 

The  specimen  from  Antioquia  {j)  shows  a  slight  divergence 
towards  M.  chrysopterus  (cf,  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  616). 

a,  S  wl.  sk.  Nanegal,  Ecuador  (Fraser).  Sclater  Coll.     (Type 

of  the  species.) 

6,  c  (J  2  ad.  sk.  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley).  Salvin-Goaman  uoll. 

d,e,  S  ?ad. ;/.  Intac,  Ecuador  {Btickley),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

cJ  jr.  sk. 

g,  h,  S  ad.  sk.  Quito*  Ecuador.  Gould  Coll. 

t.  S  ad.  sk.  Ecuador.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

;'.  c^  ad.  sk.  Antioquia,  Colombia  {Sahnon),  Sclater  Coll. 


v2 


8.  KEIOFOTHKIZ.  ^ 

Hetopothrix,  Set.  P.  Z.  8. 1866,  p.  190   M.  aunui 

Thu  is  a  Terjr  abnormal  and  aingalar  form,  which  maj  pi 
belong  elsewhere,  bat  on  the  whole  shows  most  similarity  ' 
Piprida.  The  frontal  plumes  are  erect  bat  short;  the  tai 
nearly  smooth,  as  in  Maniti,  but  shorter  and  rather  thicker,  ai 
outer  too  not  apparently  so  far  united  to  the  middle  toe  as  i 
more  typical  Pipra.  The  t(ul-feathers  are  mnoh  graduate 
pointed. 

1.  Ketopothriz  auiantiAeiu. 

Metopothrix  aurantiacas,  Sd.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  8.  1866,  p.  190,  pi 
(R. Ucayoli),  et  1873,  p.  283  (£.  Pera);  iid.  Nomenel. p.  66 ; 
Om.  i*-.  ii.  p.  349. 

Above  olive;  wings  blackish,  edged  with  olive;  frontal  ] 
erect,  orange :  beneath  paler ;  throat  and  breast  orange-j 
passing  into  pale  yellowish  olive  on  the  belly;  bill  brown 
yellow  :  whole  length  4-7  inches,  vring  2-3,  tail  2. 

Bab,  Eastern  Peru  and  Ecuador, 

a.Ad.  sL  Sanyacu,Amaiona(-S:£artA)ti).    Sclster  Coll. 

of  the  spec! 
(,  Ad.  sk.  Lower  Ucayoli.  E.  Bartlett  [C 

«.   cf  ad.  sk.  Samiria,  Upp.  Amaions  {Simv-     Solvin-Qodmfi 

V!til). 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Sorsyocu,  Ecuador  (Suckle!/).         Salvio-Godnu 


9.  PiPBA.  293 

from  Southern  Mexico  to  Bolivia.    The  tail  is  short,  and  squared  at 
the  end. 

Key  to  the  Species. 

A.  Sexes  diHuimilar ;  males  ahoye  and  heneath 
more  or  less  hladc 

a.  Throat  red  or  yellow ;  belly  black : 

I  tail  Uack    1.  aureola,  p.  298. 

<  tail  with  white  spot  on  outer  rectrix.    2.  Jlavicollis,  p.  294. 
I  tail  with  white  bar 3.  fasciata,  p.  294. 

b.  Under  surface  black. 
a'.  Cap  red. 

a".  Thighs  red 4.  rvhncapillaj  p.  296. 

b".  Thighs  yellow : 

{chin  black 5.  chloromeros,  p.  296. 

chin  yellow    6.  nientalUy  p.  296. 

b\  Cap  yellow 7.  auricapilla,  p.  296. 

c'.  Cap  white : 

irump  black,  like  the  back 8.  lencocilla^  p.  297. 

rump  pale  blue 9.  isidoi-iy  p.  298. 

<f.  Cap  blue: 

Irump  black 10.  veluttTia,  p.  299. 

rump  bluish    11.  cyaneocapillay  p.  299. 

rump  blue  12.  c(BruleocapiUaj  p.  300. 

c-  Throat  black ;  belly  yellow : 

i  breast-spot  yellow 13.  serena,  p.  300. 

DO  yellow  breast-spot    14.  suavissimaj  p.  300. 

d.  Throat  white ;  belly  black : 

i  crissum  black    15.  gutturalh,  p.  301. 

I  crissum  white    16.  leucorrhoay  p.  301 . 

B.  Sexes  dissimilar:  male  with  back  green. .  17.  nattereriy  p.  302. 

C.  Sexes  similar,  all  green 18.  mrtscens,  p.  302. 


1.  Fipra  anreola. 

Pipra  aureola,  Linn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  339 ;  Desm.  Tang.  pi.  64 ;  Hahn  n, 
KiisteTf  Vog.  Lief.  ii.  pi.  6j  Wagl.  IstSy  1830,  p.  033;  Cab,  m 
Schomb.  Guian.  iii.  p.  690;  Bj).  Cmup.  i.  p.  173;  Cab.  et  Hein. 
Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  91 ;  ^W.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  248 ;  8cl.  et  Sah.  P.Z.  S. 
1868,  p.  168  (Venezuela);  iid.  Nommcl.  p.  64;  Pelz.  Om.  Bras, 
p.  127;  Salv.  Ibis,  1885,  p.  299  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Above  black ;  whole  head  and  neck  bright  scarlet-red :  beneath 
black ;  throat,  breast,  and  middle  line  of  belly  scarlet,  throat 
tinged  with  yellow  ;  under  wing-coverts  and  broad  band  across  the 
inner  webs  of  the  remiges  white  ;  bend  of  wing  yellowish ;  thighs 
yellow ;  bill  black ;  feet  carneous :  whole  length  4*5  inches,  wing 
2'5,  tail  1*2.  Female.  Olive:  beneath  yellowish,  brighter  on  the 
middle  of  the  belly. 

Hab.  Guiana,  Surinam,  Cayenne,  Venezuela,  and  Trinidad. 


a.  $  uUst. 

b,e.  SJT.  rt. 

d.  djr.ek. 

e.  cf  ad.  ik. 
/.  (^luLak. 
jr.  $  ad.  ak. 

A.  (J  ad.  Bk. 

*.  c;ad.BL 
/.  c^  ad.  ak. 
ft.  £  ad.  sk. 
I.  (f  ad-ak. 


CajaQne. 
Cajenne, 
ButicB  Grore,  Brit  Goiana 

(WAitelf,). 
Pilar,  Nueva  Andalucia,  Vene- 

Eiiela  {Ooering). 
Venemela  (Qoermg). 
Venezuela. 
Trinidad  (Jouearif). 
Trinidad. 


H.  0.  Rother 

[P.]. 
Purchased. 

ScUter  CoU. 
Sclator  Coll. 
Salvin-Godmi 
Salvin-Uodma 

SalTin-Oodma 

Bclater  Coll. 
Salfin-Godma 
Salvia -Uodnii 
Gould  Coll. 


2.  Fi^flaTicoUis. 
Fipra  flavicollia,  Sdat^r,  Contr.  Om.  18£I,  p.  143 ;  id.  Cat 

p.  248 ;  S<^.tt  Sah.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  57i>  (Lower  Amazoni 

Jfomend.  p.  64. 
Pipra  aureola  (ex  Borha),  Pelz.  Om.  Brat.  p.  126  (P). 

Similar  to  P.  aureola,  but  throat  and  neck  pure  yellow 
ont«r  rectriz  with  a  amall  white  central  spot. 

Hah.  Lower  Amazonia. 

This  is  clearly  an  intermediate  form  between  P.  aureo\ 
P.  faaeiala. 

a.  a  ad.  Bk.        Barra  do  Bio  Negro  (  Wallace).       Sclater  Coll. 

of  the  specie 
A.  cf  ad  ak.  Kio  Nef(TO.'  Purchased. 

e.  S  ad.  Bk.         Amaxom  (Watlaai).  Salvm-Godmf 


Pipra  faaciata. 


9.  PiFBA.  295 

4,  Fipra  mbricapilla. 

Manacns  rabrocapillusy  Briss,  Av,  iv.  p.  450. 

Pipra  erythrooepnala,  var.  ^,  Linn,  S,  N,  i.  p.  839. 

Pipra  rubricapilla,  Temm.  PLCoL  64.  fig.  3 ;  cTOrb.  Voy,,OU,  p.  294 ; 

Bp.  Conap.  i.  p.  173;  Sclaterj  P.  Z.  /S'.  1867,  p.  266  (U.  Amazons) ; 

id.  Cat,  A.  B.  p.  248;  Pelz,  Dm.  Bras,  p.  127;   Sel,  et  Salv. 

P.  Z.  8.  1873,  p.  282  (E.  Peru) ;  iid,  Nomencl,  p.  54 ;  Forbes, 

Ibis,  1881,  p.  344  (N.E.  Brazil) ;  Cab.  et  Rein,  Mm,  Hein,  ii. 

p.  92. 
Hpra  erythrocephala,  Licht.  Dovhl,  p.  29 ;  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  422 ; 

Wagl.  J«w,  1830,  p.  933 ;  Bw-m.  ^st.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  443. 
Dixipbia  rubricapilla,  Bp,  Consp.  Vol.  Anisod.  p.  6. 

Black ;  cap  and  thighs  crimson-red  ;  under  wing-coverts  whitish ; 
biU  and  feet  pale  brown :  whole  length  4  inches,  wing  2-4,  tail  1*2. 
Female.  Above  green  :  beneath  paler  ;  under  wing-coverts  cinereous. 

J  Jab.  Brazil  and  Amazonia. 

a,  6.  <Jad.;  c.  J       Pernamhuco,  Brazil  (Jbr6e5).      Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

ad.;   d,  e.  ^ 

jr.  sk. 
f-h.  ^  ad.  sk.         Bahia,  Brazil  (  Wucherer),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

i-k.  (S  ad.  sk.  Bahia,  Brazil.  Gould  Coll. 

L  cf  ad.  sk.  Rio    Claro,    Goyaz,   Brazil        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Joipier). 
m,  n.  (S  ad.  sk.        Brazil.  Sclaler  Coll. 

Ofp,  (S  2  ^'  ®^'       Yquitos,    Upper    Amazons        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(  Whitely). 
q,  S  ftd.  sk.  Ega,  Upper  Amazons.  Purchased. 


5.  Pipra  cUoromeros. 

Pipra  chloromeros,  Tsch.  Wiegin.  Arch.  1844,  pt.  i.  p.  271 ;  id.  Faun. 

J*<er.,  Ai)€8y  p.  144 ;  Sci.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  248;  Set.  et  Salv.  Nomencl. 

p.  64  ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  18G9,  p.  61)8  (S.  Peru),  187J),  p.  617  (Bolivia) ; 

Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  fiiJD,  et  1882,  p.  i>2  (Peru) ;  id.  Om.  P4r,  ii. 

p.  339. 

Black ;  cap  and  nape  crimson-red  ;  thighs  yellow  ;  under  wing- 
coverts  black ;  bill  and  feet  pale  brown  :  whole  length  4*3  inches, 
wing  2*3,  tail  1'3.  Female,  Green  :  beneath  paler ;  under  wing- 
coverts  whitish. 

Hab.  Peru  and  Bolivia. 

ttjb,  (J  5  ad.  sk.  Cosnipata,  Peru  {Whitely),        Sclater  Coll. 

c.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Cosnipata,  Peru  ( Whitely).        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

d.  (J  ad.  St.  Bolivia.  Purchased. 

e.  S  ad.  sk.  Bolivia.  Sclater  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Baganti,  Bolivia  {Buckley),         Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


6.  Pipra  xnentaliB. 

Pipra  mentalis,  Scl.  P,Z,  S,  1866,  p.  299,  pi.  121,  et  1869,  p.  386 
(Oaxaca)  ;  id.  Cat.  A,  B.  p.  249 ;  ScL  et  Saiv.  Ibis,  1859,  p.  125  ; 


iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1864, 1 

iid.  Nomencl.  p.  o_ .   _ _ 

Rica)  i  Fi-antx.  J.f.  0.  1869,  p.  309  (Costa  Rica) ;"  Sah.  P.  Z. 
1870,  p.  200  (Vemgua);    id.  Ibi»,   1872,  p.  3J8  (Nicaniguj 


P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  66  (Coito  Rica). 

Black ;  cap  and  nape  orimson-red ;  spot  on  chin,  tbighe,  a: 
under  wing-oorerts  lemon-yellow  ;  bill  and  feet  pale  brown  :  wh< 
leiigtti4  incbes, wing2-3,tBiir2.  Female.  Greeo  :  beneath lighte 
belly  yeUowisb  ;  under  wing-coverte  pale  yellow. 

Sah,  S.  Uexico  and  Central  America  down  to  Panama. 


a,b.  (}  $  ad.  Bt 

e.  S  ad.  sk. 

d.  cf  ad. ;  f-ff.  S 

ad.  ak. 
A.  d  ad.  ak. 

;'.  (S  ad.  sli. 

A,  J  (J  2  ad.  sk. 
m,  n.  cf  $  ad.  Bk. 
0.  (f  ad.  ak. 
p.  cf  ad.  sk. 
;.  ^  ad.  sk. 

r.  (}  ad.  ak. 
>.  $  ad.  sk. 
t,  u.  cf  $  ad.  sk. 
V.  d  ad.  ak. 
»,x.  J  ad.;  y.c 

$  ad.sk. 
«*.  d  ad.  Bk. 


Cordova,  Mexico  (Sallf).  Purcfaaaed. 

Tirimin,N.  Yucatan  (Gaumer).   Salvin-Godman  Ci 
Mugeresl.,  TiacaXaxi(_Gaumer).    Salvin-Oodniaii  Cc 


Meco  I.,  Yucatan  (Oaumer). 

Honduras. 

Sources  of  Rio  de  la  Pasion, 

Vera  Pai  {Salrin). 
Choctum,  Vera  Paz  (Saivin). 
Choctum,  Vera  Pai  (Salvinj. 
Choctum,  Vera  Pal  (Sairin). 
Cbontalea,  Nicaragua  (Belt), 
Angoafura,  Coata  Rica  {Car- 

Tucurriqui,  Costa  Rica  {Arct). 
TurriallM,  Costa  Rica  (Arei). 
OoBta  Rica  ^CarmioD. 
Bugaba,  Chiriqui  (Ard). 
Panama  (McLeannan). 

Panama  (JVeXMnnan). 


Salviu-Godman  Ci 
Purchased. 
8alvii).Oodmau  C( 

Sslvin-Qodman  Ci 
Sclater  Coll. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Ci 
Sal\in-Godnian  Ci 

Salviu-Oodmaii  Ci 
Salvin-Godman  Ci 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  C 
Salvio-Qodman  C 


9.    PIPRA. 


297 


Ofb,  c^  ad.  fit 
e.  c^  ad. ;  </•  c^ 

jr.  ak. 
e.  $  ad.  ak. 

A.  S  ad.  sk. 
i.  S  ad.;  y.  cJ 

jr.  ak. 
k,l,  (^2  ad.  sk. 

ni,  S  ad.  sk. 

ft.  (^  ad.  sk. 

o.  (^  ad.  sk. 

^1 9*  cf  $  &d.  sk. 
r.  (^  ad.  sk. 
s.  cf  ad.  ek. 
^  c^  ad.  sk. 

n.  e  jr. ;  w.  ? 

ak. 
Wy  :r.  (^  ad.  sk. 
y,  z.  (5  ad.  sk. 
a',  cf  ad.  sk. 
b'-it.  (S  ad.  sk. 
^ff'  6  2  «d.  sk. 
ff'.  $  ad.  sk. 

A'.  S  ad.  sk. 

t*.  <^  ad.  sk. 

;*',  k\  fS  2  ad.  sk. 

V,  ^  ad.  sk. 


S.  America. 
Cayenne. 

S.  America. 

Maroni     Kiyer,     Surinam 

(Kappler), 
George  Town,  Demerara. 
Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana 

(.Whitely), 
Camacusa,     Brit.     Guiana 

(  Whitely). 
River     Attapurow,      Brit. 

Guiana  (  Whitely). 
lioraima,       Brit.      Guiana 

(  Whitely). 
Para,       Lower      Amazons 

{Wallace), 
River  Amazons  (  Wallace). 
Pebas,  E.  l*eru  ( Uauxwell). 
Pebas,  E.  Peru  (Hauxwell). 
Chvavetaa,  E.  l*eru  {Bart- 

lett). 
Chyavetas,  E.  Peru. 

Eastern  Peru  {Fan'iA). 

Rio  Napo,  Ecuador  {Buckley). 

Bogota. 

Bogota. 

Bucai'amanga,  U.S.C.  {Minlos). 

San      Esteban,      Venezuela 

{Goering). 
Venezuela  {Goering). 
Cauca,  U.  S.  C.  {Salmon). 
Minca,  Santa  Marta,  U.  S.  C. 

(Simons). 
Cbepo,  Isthmus  of  Panama 

{Arve). 


Purchased. 
Sclater  CoU. 

Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 
Salviu-Godman  Coll. 

E.  Bartlett  [C.]. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
(lould  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 

Sclater  Coll. 
Salviu-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


8.  Pipra  lencocilla. 

Pipra  leucocilla,  Linn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  340 ;  Ilahn  u,  KUstery  Vog.  Lief.  x. 

pi.  2;  Cab.  in  Schoml).  Guian.  iii.  p.  007;  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  173; 

Burm.    Syst.    Ueb.    ii.  p.  444;    Sclater,   R  Z.  S.   1854,   p.    114 

(Quijos),  1855,  p.  122  (Bogota),  et  l^^o7,  p.  205  (U.  Amazon);  id. 

Cat.  A.  B.  p.  249;   Cab.  et  Jlein.  Mus.   Ilvin.  ii.  p.   93;    Wagl. 

7m,  1830,  p.  934 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  180(),  p.  190  (R.  Ucayali), 

1867,  pp.  580  (L.  Amazons),  751  (E.  Peru),  1873,  p.  28;^  (E. 

Peru) ;  iid.  Nomencl.  p.  54 ;  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  18G7,  p.  149,  et  1870, 

p.  200  (Veragua) ;  id.   Ibis,  1885,  p.  300  (Br.    Guiana) ;    Pelz. 

Om.  Bras.  p.  127;    Layard,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  384  (Para);    Tacz. 

P.  Z.  8.  1882,  p.  22  (N.E.  Peru) ;  id.  Om.  P4r.  ii.  p.  341. 
Pipra  leucocapilia,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  p.  1002 ;  Desm.  Tang.  pi.  59 ;  Max. 

Beitr.  iii.  p.  427. 
Pipra  coracina,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1850,  p.  29  (Bogota),  et  1858,  p.  71  (Rio 

Napo) ;  id.  Cat,  A,  B.  p.  249;  Ccd>.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein,  ii.  p.  93 ; 

Tacz,  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  22  (N.E.  Peru) ;  id.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  342. 


Bhining  black ;  cap  pore  white :  bill  and  feet  brown :  whc 
length  3-5  incbea,  wing  2'5,  t^  1-3.  FemaU.  Above  green  ;  o 
with  a  cinereona  tinge :  beneath  paler ;  throat  somewhiLt  cinereon 
middle  of  beUy  lighter. 

Hab.  Veragna,  and  South  America  &oro  Panama  down  to  Pei 
and  S:B.  Brazil. 

After  compHriog  a  latge  series  I  am  nnable  to  draw  a  satisfacto 
line  between  the  Dorthem  fonu  which  I  formerly  kept  distinct  ( 
P.  eoraeitia)  and  the  sonthem  birds.  The  former  is  perba 
somewhat  larger  and  more  iatense  in  colonr. 

South  America.  Purchased. 

Chitra,  Verajfua  (Arei),  Salvin-Godinan  Co 

Calovevora,  Veragun  (Arcf).  Salviu-Godman  Co 

Santa  F6,  Veragua  [Arei).  Salvia -Godman  Co 

Veiagua  (^Amt).  Sciater  Coll. 

CoTdniera  de  Told,  Veragna  Salvin-Oodman  Co 

(Aret). 

Bogota.  SclaurColl.    (Typ 
of  P.  coraeina,  Sc 

Bogota.  Sdat«r  Coll. 

Bogota.  Salvin-QodmHii  Co 

SaiajacQ,  Ecuador  {Buekia/).  SalTin-Godmsu  Co 

Rio  Napo,  Ecuador.  Purchased. 

Eio  Napo,  Ecnadoi-.  Gould  Coll. 

Peruvian  Amatona.  Sciater  Coll, 

^a.  Upper  Amazons.  Purchased. 

R.  Ucayali.  Gould  Coll. 

Ohamicuroa,  E.  Fern  (Hmtx-  Gould  Coll. 

Huambo,  Peru  (,Stoixmann).  Scbter  Coll. 
Chiromato,  Pern  (Siofcmonn).  Sciater  Coll. 
Bartica  Grove,  Brit  Guiana    Salvin-Oodman  Co 


o.  6.  rf  S  ad.  St. 

<r.,j  ad.sk. 

iJU.. 

A.  cf  ad.  8k. 

i,i.ii^A. 

k.  Sitd.Bk. 

t<jKi.A. 

M.  i  >d.  ak. 

n.  cf  ad.  8k. 

0.  ^  ad.  8k. 

,.  <;ad.8k. 

,.  d  ad.  8k. 

r,  9  ad.  8k. 

f.  S  ad.  8k. 

1.  <J   «a.  8k. 

.^  ..  d  5  ad.  8k. 

»,r. /sKl.8k. 

9.   PIPBA. 


299 


whole  length  2*7  inches,  wing  1-9,  tail  0*9. 
neath  paler ;  middle  of  belly  yellowish. 
Hah.  Colombia  and  Ecuador. 


o.  (^  ad. ;  6,  c.  $ 

ad.  sk. 
d^e,  ^  ad.;/.  J 

ad.  sk. 
^.  cf  ad.  sk. 

ad.  sk. 
k.  ($  ad.  sk. 
^  (^  ad.  sk. 
171.  ($  ad.  sk. 


Bogota. 

Bogota. 

Colombia. 
Colombia. 

Sarayacu,  Ecuador  {Buckley), 
Sarayacu,  Ecuador  {liuckiey). 
Ecuador. 


Female,  Green,  be- 

Sclater  Coll. 

Purchased. 

Gould  CoU. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


10.  Fipra  velutina. 

Pipra  cyaneocapilla,  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  18G7,  p.  149,  et  1870,  p.  200 
(Veragua) ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  3G2  (Panama),  et  1879, 
p.  617  (Antioquia). 

Pipra  Telutina,  Berl.  IhiSf  1883,  p.  492. 

Black  ;  front  black  ;  cap  bright  blue  ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole 
length  3*1  inches,  wing  2*3,  tail  1*1.  Female.  Green,  beneath 
paler  ;  middle  of  belly  yellowish. 

Hah,  Veragua,  Panama,  and  Colombia. 

This  Northern  form  is  distinguishable  from  P.  cyaneocapiUa  by  its 
black  front,  black  rump,  and  more  intense  black  colour. 


a.  cf  ad. ;  h.  ^  jr. 
ik. 

c.  d*  jr.  sk. 

d,  J  ad.  sk. 

ad.  sk. 
h.  c^  ad.  sk. 

t.  <S  &d.  sk. 


Bugaba,  Chiriqui  (Arc^). 

Veragua  (Arc^). 
Panama  {MvLeannan). 
Panama  (McLeannan). 

LioD  Hill  Station,  Isthm.  of 
Panama  (McLeannan). 

Remedies,  Antioquia,  U.  S.  C. 
(Salmon). 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


11.  Pipra  cyajieocapilla. 

Pipra  cyaneocapilla,  Hahn  u.  Eusfej'j  Voy.  Lief.  xv.  pi.  3.  fig.  2  (1822^ ; 

Wagl.  IsiSy  1830,  p.  934  ;  Pp.  Consj).  i.  p.  174  ;  Purm.  Syst.  Ueh.  li. 

p.  446;  Cah.  et  Hein.  Mvs.  Hein.  ii.  p.  93;  Sd.  Cat.  A.  J?.  p.  249; 

Pelz.  Om .  Pros.  p.  1 1^8 ;  ScL  et  Sa/v.  Isomencl.  p.  54 ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1 866, 

p.  190  (R.  Ucayali),  1867,  p.  680  (L.  Amazons),  p.  761  (E.  Peru), 

et  p.  978  (Amazonia),  1873,  p.  283  (E.  Peru);  Tacz.  Om.  Pir. 

ii.  p.  343. 
Pipra  coronata,  <^z>,  Av.  Pros.  ii.  p.  6,  pi.  7.  fig.  1  (1825)  ;  Lafr.  Bev, 

Zool.  1847,  p.  70;  Sclater,  P.  Z.S.  1864,  p.  114  (Quijos),  et  1867, 

p.  266  (U.  Amazons). 
Pipra  herbacea,  Spix,  Av,  Bras.  ii.  p.  6,  pi.  8a.  ^g,  1(2);  Sclater, 

P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  114. 

Black ;  cap  bright  blue ;  rump  with  a  pale  bluish  tinge :  whole 
length  3*4  inches,  wing  2'4,  tail  1*4. 
Hah,  Amazonia. 


a,b.  a  ad,  ak.  FSaiaTaca,  Ecuador  (BueMej/).  SalTiD-Godman  0( 

c,  d.  iJ  ai.Bt  R.  AmaioDS.  Purcbased. 

e.  $  ad.  at  Ega,  Amazons.  Purchased. 

/.  d  jr.  ak.  Ch^aTetas,  E.  Peru  (Bartlett).  SalTin-Godman  C< 

o.  (J  ad.  sk.  Upper  Ucayali.  E.  Bartlett  [0.]. 

A.  (f  ad.  ak.  Pebaa,  E.  Peru  {SaujTceU).  Solvin-Godman  Co 

i.  (J  jr.  ak.  River  Huallaga  (^Bartlett).  Sclater  Coll. 

j,t.  (J  ad.sk.  Peruviao  Amazons  (AouimiU).  Salvm-Oodman  Ct 

/.  (J  (id.  sk.  Peruvian  Amazons.  Sclater  Coli. 

m.  9  Bd.  Bk.  Rio  Napo.  Gould  Coll. 

n.  $  ad.  sk.  Ecuador.  Sclater  CoU. 

12.  Fipra  cemleocapilla, 
Fipm  ceeruleocapilla,  Tmh.  Wie^m.  Arch.  1844,  pt.  i.  p.  S71 ;  id.  Fa 
SSr.,  Av.  p.  145 ;  Sd.  et  Saiv.  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  782  (S.  Peru)  j  i 
Nomatd.  p.  54;   Tact.  P.  Z.  8.  1874,  p.  639  (C.  Peru) ;  id.  O 
Fir.  iL  p.  344 

Black ;  cap  and  mmp  blue :  whole  length  3*5  inches,  wing  S 
taill-2. 

Hah.  Peru. 

This  little-known  spedeB  has  a  conspicuous  bine  romp  like 
head,  and  is  quite  distinct. 

13.  Pipra  serena, 
Kpra  aerena,  lAnn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  340 ;  Zleim.  Tanff.pl  62 ;  VieOl.  ( 
Oit.  iii.  p.  05,  pi.  72 ;  Wagl.  Im,  1630,  p.  93fi ;  Sp.  Conip.  i.  p.  1 
Bunt).  Sytt.  Vtb.  ii.  p.  445 ;  Cab.  el  Htin.  Mm.  Hein.  a.  p. 
Sd.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  •im;Sd.tt  Sato.  JVomenrf.  p.  54. 
Black;  frontal  plumea   erect,  white;  rump  bluej  spot  in 
middle  of  the  breast  and  belly  yellow ;  bill  and  feet  dark  broi 
whole  length  3'^  inches,  wing  2,  tail  0'!). 


9.  PiPKA.  301 

Ojb.  (f  ad. ;  c.  (^  Merumd  Mts.,  Brit  Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

jr. ;  <^y  e.  $  ad.  ak.      (  Whitdy),  (Types  of  the  species.) 

f,  g,  ^  ad.  sk.  Merum^  Mts.  (  Whitdyj,  Sclater  Coll. 

A.  c^  ad.  ak.  River  Attapurow  [WJuteiy),  Salvin-Gudman  Coll. 

ifj.  (^  $  ad.  sk.  Roraima  ( WTUtelv),  Salvin-Gbdman  Coll. 

4  ^*  d  $  ad.  sk.  Roraima  ( WhiUfy).  Sclater  Coll. 

m,  n.  (^  $  ad. ;  Bartica  Grovey  Bnt.  Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

o,  cJ  jr«  sk.  (  WhiUly), 

15.  Kpra  gattnralifl. 

Pipra  gfutturaliSy  Lmn.  8.  N.  i.  p.  340 ;  Desm.  Tang.  pis.  63,  65 ; 

Woffl.  Isis,  1830,  p.  935 ;  Bj>.  Consp.  i.  p.  174  ;  Burm.  Syst.  Ueb. 

ii.  p.  446 ;  Sd.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  250 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  NomencL  p.  54 ; 

8alv,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  300  (Br.  Guiana). 
Pipra  perspicillata,  Wagl.  IsiSf  1830,  p.  935 ;  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  174 ; 

Burm.  Syst  Ueb.  ii.  p.  445  (  J  ). 
Coropipo  gutturalis,  Cno.  et  Hein.  Mm.  Hem.  u.  p.  94. 

Shining  black;  whole  throat  extending  to  middle  of  the  breast 
and  a  large  patch  on  the  under  surface  of  the  wings  white ;  bill 
brown,  base  of  lower  mandible  whitish ;  feet  brown :  whole  length 
3*3  inches,  wing  2'2^  tail  I'l.  FemuU,  Green,  beneath  paler, 
throat  whitish. 

ffah.  Ghiiana  and  Cayenne. 

a.  c^  ad.  st.  Cayenne.  Purchased. 

b,c,  (S  2  ^'  8^*  Cayenne.  Sclater  Coll. 

d.  (J  ad.  sk.  Cayenne.  Sahin-Godman  Coll. 

e.  (5  ad. ;  /,  g.  cJ  Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
jr.  sk.                        {miitely). 

h.  <J  ad.  ;t.  cJ  Merumd  Mts.,  Brit.  Guiana        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

ir.sk.  {WMtely). 

J  ,  Aj.  d  5  ad.  sk.       Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(  Whitely). 

16.  Pipra  lencorrhoa. 

Pipra  leucorrhoa,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1803,  p.  63,  pi.  x.  (Colombia)  ;  Salv, 
P.Z.  S.  1867,  P.^149,  et  1870,  p.  200  (Veragua) ;  id.  Ibis,  1872, 
pp.  313,  318  (Nicaragua) ;  Lawr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  ix.  p.  116 
(Costa  Rica) ;  Frantz.  J.  f.  O.  1800,  p.  309  (Costa  liica)  ;  Sd.  et 
Salv.  Noynencl.  p.  54  ;  Boucard,  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  06  (Costa  Rica) ; 
Berl.  J.f.  O.  1884,  p.  305  (Bucaramanga). 

Shining  black ;  throat  and  crissum  white ;  under  surface  of  wings 
dark  aahy ;  bill  cinereous,  paler  beneath ;  feet  pale  brown :  whole 
length  3*5  inches,  wing  2*2,  tail  1*2.  Female,  Green,  beneath 
paler,  throat  whitish. 

Hah,  Costa  Rica,  Veragua,  Panama,  and  Colombia. 

The  white  tips  to  the  crissal  feathers  and  the  want  of  the  white 
blotch  on  the  under  surface  of  the  wings  distinguish  this  species 
from  P,  gutturalis, 

a,  (5  ad.  sk.  Chontales,  Nicaragua  {Belt),       Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

6.  (^  ad.  sk.  Angostura,  Costa  Rica  (CVw-      Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

miol.) 


e.  (^  ad.  dk.  Tucumani,  Costa  Rica  (Arefj. 

d.  3  jr. ;  «.  $  ad.    OobU  Bica  (OimMoQ. 


sk. 
f.  a  »^;g,h.i 

jr.  8k. 
i.J.  rf  2  ad.  at 
k.  a  ad.  ak. 
l,>n.'(Si  ad.  ek. 
B.  tJ  ad.  Bk. 
o.  $  ad.  bL 

J).  (J  ad.;?.  (J  jr. 


SanU  F4,  Veragui  (Aroi).         Salvin-Oodmi 


I  Go 


CalovevoKi,  Veiwua  (Aro(). 
Chitra,  VenigTia  (Aroi). 
VeraffuB  (Arc4). 
Bugabe,  Chiriqui  (Arcf). 
Soathem  alnpe,  Valcau  de 

Chuiqui  (Arei). 
Bogota,  U,  8.  C. 


SalviQ-Uodman  Cc 
0.  Salvin,  Esq.  [P. 
Sckter  Coll. 
Sftlviii-<Jodman  Co 
Salvin-Oodman  Co 

Sclatet  Coll. 
(Types  of  the  specie. 


17.  Pipra  nattereri. 
Pipra  nattereri,  Scl.  P.Z.S.  ISftt,  p.  611,  pi.  39;  FeU.  Om.  Bri 
p.  127;  Scl.  et  8alo.  Nomencl.  p.  64. 

Bright  green ;  cap  and  rump  pure  white :  beneath  yellow ;  thro 
greenish :  whole  length  3  inches,  wing  2,  tail  1.  Female.  Oreoi 
cap  hluish  :  beneath  paler,  middle  of  bell;  yellow. 

Uab.  Sorba,  Bio  Madeira. 


.  $  ad.  sk. 


Borba  {Natterer). 


Sclftter  Coll. 
(Authentic  specimci 

IS.  Pipra  TireBceu. 

Pipra  virescens,  ftfa.  Om.  Brat.  pp.  128,  187 ;  Scl  et  Salv.  P.  Z. 
I87S,  p.  283  (E.  Peru) ;  iid.  Nmnrnel.  p.  54;  Tacx.  P.  Z.  S.  18S 
p.  23  (N.E.  Peru);  id.  Om.  Ptr.  u.  p.  346;  Solo,  et  Oodm.  lb 
1883,  p.  208 (Brit.  Guianaj;  Salu.  Bit,  1885,  p.  -300  (Brit.  Guiaiu 

Kpra  sp.  inc.,  Sd.  *t  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  751  (E.  Peru). 

TTTsnneutea  bnchvuruB,  Scl.  et  Salv.  lUe,  1881,  p.  269 ;  cf.  Sa. 
d  Oodm.  Ibu,  1^,  p.  208. 


10.  VBOPIPO. — 1 1.  MACHJSB0PTBBU8. 


303 


e»  (^  Bd.  8k. 
A  $  ad.  8k. 
7,  h.  Ad.  sk. 
i.  Ad.  8k. 


a   6.  (^  $  ad.  8k. 
e.    $  ad.  sk. 
d^  e.  c^  $  ad.  8k. 
/.  c^  ad.  8k. 
jr.  d  ad.  8k. 


Chamicuros,  E.  Pern. 
Cbyavetas,  E.  Peru. 
Sanijacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley), 
Bogota. 


E.  Bartlett  [C.l. 
E.  Bartlett  [C.J. 
Salym-Oodman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 


h.  Subsp.  brachyura, 

Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana       Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(  Whitely).         (Types  of  Tyramuutes  brachyurus.) 
Butica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana       Sclater  CoIL 

(  Whitely). 
Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(  Whitely\ 
Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana  Sclater  Coll. 

(  Whitely). 
Cariinang  r.,  Brit.  Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(  Whitely), 


10.  NEOPIPO. 


Type. 


Neopipo,  Sd,  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S,  1869,  p.  438 N.  cinnamomea. 

The  single  species  of  this  genus  seems  to  bo  closely  allied  to 
FiprUj  but  has  a  smaller  and  more  constricted  bill.  It  is  also 
divergent  in  its  generally  rufous  coloration. 


1.  Neopipo  cinnamomea. 

Pipra  cinnamomea,  I^wr,  Pr,  Ac.  Sc.  Phil.  1868,  p.  429. 


Om.  Pdr.  ii.  p.  340. 


Above  bright  fulvous  red ;  head  and  neck  dusky  cinereous,  with  a 
yellow  or  reddish  vertical  spot :  below  rather  paler,  throat  more  or 
less  cinereous ;  bill  and  feet  pale  brown :  whole  length  3*5  inches, 
wing  2'1,  tail  1*5. 

Hab.  Amazonia  and  British  Guiana. 


a.  S  jr.  sk, 
6,  c,  ^  ad.  sk. 
df  e.  Ad.  sk. 
/,  ^.  6  2  ad-  sk. 


Chamicuros,  Peru  {Bartlett). 
Chamicuros,  Peru. 
Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley). 
Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana 
(White'y\ 


Sclater  Coll. 
E.  Bartlett  [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 


11.  MACHiBBOPTEBUS. 

MachaBroptcrus,  Bp,  Consp.  Vol,  Anisod.  p.  6  (1854) 


Type. 
M.  regulus. 


This  brilliant  little  group  of  four  species  is  remarkable  for  the 
abnormal  structure  of  the  secondary  wing-feathers  in  the  male, 
which  I  have  described  below.  It  is  restricted  to  Colombia, 
Amazonia,  and  BraziL 


304 


Key  to  ike  Speeiei. 


A.  Flumsge  below  etriat«d. 
a.  Cap  scarlet : 

Ino  crimaon  od  brettat 1.  rtgtUiu,  p.  304. 

breut  stained  with  crinuoD 2.  itriolatm,  p.  304. 

6.  Gap  jellow,  nitb  a  sc&rlet  band 3.  pi/rocFphautt,  p.  :il 

B.  Plumage  below  dark  cheatout 4.  ddicimui,  p.  305. 

1.  SacluerDptenu  regnlm. 

Pipra  regulus,  Hahn  u.  Kilter,  Vog.  Lief.  iv.  pi.  4.  liga.  a,  b  (182 
Pipra  strigilata,  Max.  JUit.  Brat.  i.   p.  187  <1822)i  id.  BeUr. 

S4-30;  Temm.  Ft.  Col.  64.   fi^.  1,  2  ;  Licht.  DoM.  p.  29;  ^ 
,  Braia,  pi.  25  ;  Bp.  Cotup.  i.  p.  174 ;  Bio-m.  J^tt.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  4^ 
Pipra  lineata,  Tkunb.  Mtm.  Aead.  nUrA.  1822,  p.  284,  pi.  8.  fig. 
Macbieropterua  sttigikttu,  Bp.  Coiap.  Vol.  Aniaod.  p.  & 
MacheeropteriiB  regulus,  Cab.  el  Uein.  Mai.  Htin.  ii,  p.  94;  Scl.  lb 
1862,  p.  176  (S.E.  Braiil) ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  250 ;  Prh.  Orn.  Br, 
p.  128 ;  &i.  rt  Salv.  Nomend.  p,  64. 
AboTo  green ;  wings   and  tail  dark  slaty,  more  or  less  edg 
with  green ;  crown  scarlet :  beneath  white,  breast  greenish,  abdom 
flammiilat«d  with  rufoas ;  under  wing-coverts  white ;  bill  and  fe 
reddish :  whole  length  3'3  inches,  wing  2,  tail  0'9.     FemiUt  simil 
bat  paler  below,  and  with  the  crown  green  like  the  back. 
Hab.  8.E.  Brazil. 

a.  <;  ad.  St.  Brazil.  Purchased. 

6,  e.  (f  $  ad- ;  rf.  Bahia,  Brazil  (  ITucActw).  Salvin-Qodmon  Ci 

d  jr.  sk. 

e.  (J  ad.  sk.  Novo  Fribourgo,  Rio  (Kondf),  Salvin-Oodmaa  Co 

/,  i  od.  ak.  Rio  Claro,  Ooyaz,  Bruil  Salvia-Oodman  Co 


{Jomer] 


I/.  £  nil.  sk.  Brazil,  Salvin-tiiidman  0'. 


11.  MAOHJOEOnEBUS.  305 

ffab,  Colombia  and  Amazonia. 

This  northern  representative  of  M.  regului  may  be  distinguished 
by  its  breast  being  stained  with  scarlet,  and  the  darker  and  more 
nnmerons  flammnlations  of  the  abdomen. 

a.  S  ad.  St.  S.  America.  Purchased. 

6.  (^  ad.  sk.  River  Ucayali  (Bartlett),  Sdater  Coll. 

c,  <^.  d  $  ad.  sk.      Chamicuros,  E.  Peru  (Haur-  J.  Qould,  Esq. 

well). 

0.  (^  ad.  sk.  Pebas,  E.  Peru  (Hauxwell),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/,  g,  (S  ad.  sk.         Napo,  Ecuador  (Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

h,  2  &d.  sk.  RemedioSy  Andoquia,  U.  S.  C.  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

{Salmon), 

f.  cJ  ad.  ;j.  Jr.  sk.    Bogota.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

ik,  /.  d  $  ad.  sk.      Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

m.  $  ad.  sk.  Colombia.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

3.  Machaeroptems  pyrocephalns. 

Pipra  pvTocephala,  Scl.  Rev.  Zool.  1852,  p.  9  ;  id.  Contr.  Om.  1862, 

p.  lo2,  t.  xcvii.  fig.  1. 
MachaBropti'rus    pyri)ceplialu.s,   Scl.  Ihisy   18G2,  p.    170    (Peruvian 

Amazons) ;  Cab.  et  Heine j  Mits.  Hcin.  ii.  p.  94  ;  Pelz.  Oni.  Bras, 

p.  128 ;  Scl.  et  Salr.  Novieiicl.  p.  54 ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  139 ; 

Tacz.  Om.  Per.  ii.  p.  346. 

Above  brownish  rose-colour,  sides  of  head  and  wings  groen ; 
crown  bright  yeUow,  with  a  broad  central  scarlet  stripe :  beneath 
pale  rosy  cinereous,  with  slight  longitudinal  stripes  of  darker 
colour;  thighs  and  flanks  chestnut ;  tail  dark  ashy,  with  the  feathers 
stiffened ;  bill  above  dark  horn-colour,  below  paler :  feet  pale 
reddish:  whole  length  3  inches,  wing  21,  tail  0*9.  Female  green, 
beneath  paler. 

Hah.  Interior  of  Brazil,  and  Amazonia. 

a.  c^  ad.  sk.      Eng.  do  Gama,  ^Jato  Grosso,  Brazil    Sclater  Coll. 

(Natferer). 

b.  <J  ad.  sk.      Mato  Ci rosso,  Brazil  (Natterer),  Salvin-Godman  CoiL 

c.  <?.  (J  ad. ;      River  Ucayali  {Hatwwell).  J.  Gould,  Esq. 
e,  $  ad.sk. 

4.  MachsBropterus  deliciosns. 

Pipra  deliciosa,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  18(50,  p.  90. 

MachaeropteruB  deliciosus,  Sd.  Ihi^^  1802,  p.  176,  pi.  vi.  (W.  Ecuador) 
id.  Cat.  A,  B.  p.  250 ;  Sd.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  54. 

Above  dark  chestnut,  front  part  of  crown  scarlet ;  wings  and  tail 
black :  beneath  similar,  flanks  and  under  wing-coverts  white :  bend 
of  wing  yellowish ;  bill  black ;  feet  pale  flesh-colonr :  whole  length 
3'3  inches,  wing  2*5,  tail  0*9.  Female,  Olive-green ;  beneath  paler; 
belly  and  nnder  wing^-coverts  yellowish. 

Hab,  Ecuador. 

The  chestnut  body  at  once  distingxdshes  this  peculiar  species, 

VOL.  XIV.  X 


which  alM  shows  the  peculiar  wing-Btructure  of  the  mnles  of  this 
genus  in  a  marked  degree,  Thia  may  bo  described  aa  follows:— 
The  ten  prtmariea  are  of  the  ordinary  formation  of  birds  of  thia 
family,  the  first  being  shorter  than  the  second,  third,  and  fourth. 


I 


Socondftriw  of  MaclusTopli 


a,  b.  Fifth  and  eiith  seoondarii*  of  dibIb  IKacharoptcruii  deliciimu;  finiui  Bbove, 
c.  SeveDth  wcondar;,  from  beneatb.  d,  r.  Fifth  aiicl  «iilh  scpondurie*  of 
fsmale,  from  sboTO.   /.  ScTentli  seiMindary  of  female,  from  boneadi. 

wliich  are  nearly  equal  and  longest,  and  of  about  the  same  leugth 
OB  the  sixth.  The  first  three  secondaries  are  thick-stemmed  and 
curved  I-owarda  the  body  at  a  distance  of  about  two  thirds  of  their 
length  from  the  base.  The  fourth  and  fifth  show  this  structure  to 
a  greater  di^gree,  with  some  corresponding  alleration  in  the  barbs  on 
eacli  aide,  as  may  Iw  soeri  by  comparing  fif;.  n,  representing  the 
up[>er  surface  of  the  fifth  secondary  of  the  male  bird,  with  fig.  rf, 
which  (pvt'8  u  nimilar  ricw  of  that  of  the  female.  In  the  sixth  and 
soveuth  suooudtuies  of  the  male  the  terminal  half  of  the  rhoiAig  ia 


12.   CHCBOXIPHIA.  30^ 

thickened  to  an  extraordinary  degree,  forming  a  solid  homy  lump. 
The  external  and  internal  barhe  are  also  much  modified  in  shape 
and  generally  cortailed  in  size.  Fig.  b  gives  an  upper  view  of  the 
sixth,  and  %.  e  an  under  view  of  the  seventh  secondary.  The 
corresponding  feathers  of  the  female,  representing  the  normal 
structure,  are  seen  in  fig.  e  and  fig.  /.  In  the  eighth  and  ninth 
secondaries  the  rhcuMs  is  still  rather  thickened;  but  the  barbs 
{pog<niia\  instead  of  being  reduced  in  size,  are  highly  developed, 
particularly  on  the  inner  side.  It  was  observed  by  Mr.  Eraser  that 
the  wing-bones  of  these  birds  are  also  much  thickened,  no  doubt  in 
aid  of  this  abnormal  structure  of  the  remiges, 

a,b,  <J  $  ad.  sk.  Nanngal,  Ecuador  {Fraser),  Sclater  Coll. 

(Types  of  the  species.) 

c,  d,  (^  sd.;  e.  2  Intac,  Ecuador  (Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

ad.  sk. 

f,  c^  ad.  sk.  S'jcaif  ^nador  {Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

p,  cJ  ad.  sk.  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

A.  c?  ad.  sk.  Ecuador.  Gould  Coll. 

t.  (5  ad.  sk.  Ecuador.  Purchased. 

y.  (5  ad.  sk.  Ecuador.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


12.  CHIEOXIPHIA. 

Type. 
Chiroxiphia,  Cab.  Wiegm.  Arch.  xiii.  pt.  i.  p.  235  (1847)  C.  caudnta. 

Chiropnon,  Bp.  Consp.  Vol.  Anisod.  p.  5  (1854)   C.  pareola. 

Cercophaena,  Bp.  Consp.  Vol.  Anisod.  p.  (5  (1854) C.  linearis. 

Chiroxiphia  is  another  little  bright-plum  aged  group  of  six  species, 
all  well  distinguished,  and  ranging  from  Guatemala  to  S.  Brazil  and 
the  borders  of  La  Plata.  It  is  so  called  from  the  pointed  ends  and 
thickened  stems  of  the  primaries  in  the  males. 


Key  to  the  Species. 

A.  Tail  square  at  end. 

j  Crest  red 1.  pareola^  p.  307. 

I  Crest  yellow    , 2.  reginoy  p.  308. 

B.  Middle  rectrices  lengthened. 

a.  Body  below  black. 

j  Middle  rectrices  shorter,  pointed 3.  lanceolota,  p.  309. 

I  Middle  rectrices  long,  lineiform   4.  linearis^  p.  300. 

b.  Body  below  blue    6.  caudatOy  p.  310. 

I.  Chiroxiphia  pareola. 

Pipra  pareola,  Linn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  339;  Demi.  Tang.  pi.  60;  KitU, 
Kupfert.  d.  Vog.  p.  14,  t.  xviii.  fig.  1  ;  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  418 ; 
Wagl.  Isia,  1830,  p.  932 ;  Sw.  Om.  Dr.  pi.  44 ;  Bp.  Conap.  I 
p.  172. 

Manacus  superbus,  Pall.  S^.  Zool.  i.  p.  8,  pis.  3,  4. 

Pipra  Buperba,  (hn,  8.  N.  i.  p.  999. 

x2 


A-B.-p.  251  ;  Pe/s.  On,.  Brat,  p,  129;  S 
iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p,  580  (L.  Amatona 
Layard,  Ihit,   1873,  p.  384   (Tara) ;   Forb^i,  . 
(Pernambuco) ;  Snlv.  Ibit,  1885,  p.  .300  (British  Ouiaila). ' 
CbiroprioD  pareola,  Bp,  Contp.  Vol.  Anuod.  p,  5. 

Above  and  beneath  black ;  mantle  blue ;  lar^  vertical  en 
crimson  ;  beak  block  ;  feet  yellow  :  whole  len^h  4'6  inches,  wii 
2'8,  tail  1-9.     Female.  Olive-green  ;  beneath  paler,  more  yellowis 

Hah.  Guiana,  Lower  Amazonia,  Ecuador,  Brazil,  and  Bolivia. 


a.  tj  aA,  it.  British  Quioni 

6.  cJ  jr.  at,  8.  America, 

c  li  jr.  Bt,  S.  America. 

d,e.  <Jjr.  sk. 
/.  $»k. 
g.  2  8k- 
A,  t.  cf  ad.  sk. 
i,  k.  (J  ad.  Bk. 
7,»i.(J2  ad.! 

rf  jr.  Bk. 
o,p.  ^2  "^-i  ?■     Bahia,  Brazil  (  Wucherer). 

cJ  jr.  sk. 
r.  rf  ad.  sk. 


Cayenne. 

Demerara. 

Tobago  (mrk)  (?). 

Para  (Lagaril), 

Sfifajacu,  Ecuador  (Butkley). 

Pemambuco,  Brazil  (Forbei). 


t.    a  ad. ;   M. 

p.  cT  jr.  sk 
Ui,x.  jad. ;  y. 


Noro    Fribottrgo,    Bio    de 
Janeiro  ( Totid«). 
.  Bio    Claro,    Oojaz,    Brazil 

(f       Brazil. 

$      Tilotilo,    Yungas,    Bolivia 


R.  Geogi.  Soe.  [P. 

Purchased. 

H.  C.  Rothery,  Ej 

[P-] 
Sclater  CoU. 
J.  Gould,  Esq. 
Jardioe  CoU. 
Tweeddale  ColL 
Sah-in-Qodman  C( 
Salvio-Qodmoii  C( 

Salvin-Godman  C( 

Salvin-Oodmon  C< 

Salvin-Godnwn  Ct 

Sclater  Coll. 


12*   CHIROZIPHIA.  309 


3.  Chiroziphia  lanceolata. 

Pipra  melanocephida,  VieilL  JEnc.  Miih,  p.  889  (?)  ;  Bp.  P.  Z.  8. 

1837,  p.  113. 
Pipra  paieola,  Hdhn  u,  Kiistery  Vog,  Lief.  zvi.  pi.  4. 
Pipra  knceolata,  Wagl  Isis,  1830,  p.  031. 
Pipa  ]^areolides,  tPOrh.  et  Lafr'  Itev.  Zool.  1838,  p.  166. 
Chimxipkia  melanocephala,  np,  Consp,  i.  p.  172 ;  Sclaterj  P.  Z,  8, 

1866,  p.  161  (Bogota),  et  1866,  p.  141  (Chiriqui). 
Chiroxipnia  lanceoUta,  Cab,  et  ffetn.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  96 ;  8ct.  Cat . 

A.  B.  g.  251 ;  Scl  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  8.  1864,  d.  302  (Panama),  1808, 
pp.  168,  628   (Venezuela) ;    itd.  Noinencl.  p.  55 ;    Salv,  P.  Z.  8. 

1867,  p.  150,  et  1870,  p.  200  (Veragua);  Fmsch,  P.  Z.  8.  1870, 
p.  674  (Trinidad) ;  8alv.  et  Godm.  Ibis,  1879,  p.  202  (Colombia). 

Above  and  beneath  black  ;  mantle  blue ;  vortical  crest  scarlet ; 
two  middle  rectrices  elongated  and  pointed ;  bill  horn-colour  ;  feet 
yellow  :  whole  length  4*5  inches,  wing  2*7,  tail  2.  FemaU,  Green ; 
beneath  paler ;  under  wing-covcrts  ashy  white. 

ffah.  Yeragua,  Colombia,  Venezuela,  and  Trinidad. 

a,  ($  ad.  sk.  Calovevora,  Veragua  {Arce).       Salvin-Godman  Coll, 

b,  (^  ad. ;  c.   S       Santa  FtS,  Veragua  i^ArcS).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
jr.  sk. 

d.  (^  ad.  sk,  Mina  de  Chorcha,  Chiriqui       Salvin-Godman  Coll, 

(ArcS). 
6.  (^  ad.  sk.  Chiriqui.  Capt.Kellett& Lieut. 

Wood  rc.]. 

/.  c?  ad.  sk.  Paraiso     Station,     Panama  Salvin-Cioaman  Coll. 

{Hitf/hes). 

ffi  h,  cJjad. ;  t.       'P&no.msL  (McLenntian).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(5  jr.  sk. 

;*.  c?  ad.  sk.  Panama  (McLearmnn).  Sclater  Coll. 

k.   (S  ad.;  /.  c?       Manaure,SantaMarta,  U.S.C.  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

jr.  sk.  (Sinu/ns). 

m.  (S  ad.  sk.  Colombia.  Sclater  Coll. 

«.  (^  ad.  sk.  Pilar,  Venezuela  {Goering).  Salvin-Godman  Coll, 

o.  (S  ad.  sk.  San  Ksteban,  Venezuela.  Sclater  Coll. 

p,  S  jr-  sk.  Venezuela  {Goeritig).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

q.  (^  ad.  sk.  Venezuela.  Sclater  Coll. 

r.  <S  jr.  sk.  Trinidad.  Sclater  Coll. 

8.  ^  ad.  sk.  Trinidad.  Gould  Coll. 


4,  CMrozipliia  linearis. 

Pipra  Imearis,  Bp,  P.  Z.  8.  1837,  p.  113 ;  Gould,  Zool.  Voy,  8ulph., 

B.  p.  40,  pi.  20. 
Chiroxiphia  linearis,  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  172 ;  8cl.  Cat,  A.  B.  p.  261 ; 

8c2.  et  Salv.  Ibis,  1859,  p.  124  (Central  America) ;  ifd.  Noinencl. 

p.  56;  Salv.  Ibis,  1800,  p.  100,  1866,  p.  203  (Guatemala),  1872, 

p.  818  (Nicaragua);  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.   Hein.  ii.  p.  95;   Cab, 

J.f.  O.  1861,  p.  252  (Costa  Rica);  Imv:i\  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.ix. 

p.  116  (Costa  Ilica) ;  Frantz.  J.  f.  O.  1869,  p.  809  (Costa  Rica)  ; 

Boucard,  P,  Z.  8.  1878,  p.  66  (Costa  Rica)  ;  Ridifw.  P,  U.S.  N,  M. 

V.  pp.  396,  600  (Costa  Rica),  et  vi.  p.  384  (Nicaragua). 


310  PIFBIDA.  , 

Pipra  fartuoBa,  Lew.  Stv.  Zool.  1842,  p.  174. 
Cercophteua  liueuru,  Sp.  Contp.  Vol.  Anitod.  p.  6. 
Above  and  beneath  black  ;  back  except  rump  bright  blue  ;  veiiit 
crest  scarlet ;  tiro  central  tail-feathers  excessivelj'  elongated,  lini 
form  ;  bill  dark  hom-oolour ;  feet  yellow  :  whole  leogth  to  end 
lateral  tail-feathers  4*3  inches,  wing  2'3,  of  central  tail-feath( 
from  their  bases  6*7.  Female.  Green,  beneath  paler ;  two  centi 
tail-feathers  slightly  elongated. 

B<A.  Gnatemala,  Nicaragua,  and  Costa  Rica, 


a.  rf  ad. !  6.  J 

t,d.  ^^ad.Bk. 

t,  (f  jr.  sk. 

r.  cf  ad.  sk. 

;.  J  jr.  sk. 

\,i.  J2td.;i~i. 

d  jr.  Bk. 
m.  $  ad.  sk. 


>.  cf  ad.  Bk. 

J.  ^  ad.  ak. 
-.  J  ad.  ak. 
r.  J  ad.  Bk. 

'.  cjad,  i  u,  (Jjr. 


'.  2  ad.  ek. 


Central  America. 

Volcan  de  Agua,  above  San 

Diwo  (Saivm). 
La    Tiinidad,    Volcan    de 


{Salvm). 
Medio    Honte,    Guatemala 

(_Salvm). 
Savana  Grande,  Guatemala 

(Salmn). 
Savana  Grande,  Guatemala 

(Sakit^. 
Savana  Grande,  Guatemala 

(SM.). 
Guatemala. 

ChoDtoles,  Nicaragua  {Belt). 
Nicaragua. 
Nicaragua. 
Nicaragua. 
Bebedero,  Nicoja,  Coata  Rica 

(Arc4). 
Dola,  Costa  Rica  (C<vmiiil], 


Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman  Co 
Salrin-Godman  Co 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godmao  Cr 
SalTin-Godman  Cu 
Sclater  Coll. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 


SBlvii]-Oi>dmanCa 
Sclater  Coll. 
J.  Gould,  Esq. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Co 


Snlviu-GirfmanCo 


13k  HEUCUBA.  311 

Beitr.  iii.  p.  413;  Bp.  P.  Z.  S.  1837,  p.  113;  Burm.  8yst.  Ueb.  ii. 
p.  442. 
Chiroxipliia  longicauda,  Cab.  in  Sehomb,  Chdan.  iii.  p.  095;   Bp. 
Consp.  L  p.  171. 

Above  blue ;  wings,  nape,  and  sides  of  head  black ;  cap  bright 
scarlet ;  tail  black,  two  central  feathers  elongated,  bluish  :  beneath 
blue ;  throat  black ;  bill  and  feet  horn-colour :  whole  length  6 
inches,  wing  3*1,  tail  2*5.     Female.  Green,  beneath  brighter. 

Hah.  Brazil,  Paraguay,  and  northern  frontier  of  Argentina. 

a,  *.  cJ  $  ad.  St.  Brazil.  Lt  Maw,  R.N.  [P.]. 

e.  (S  jr.  St.  Brazil.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

d.  cJ  jr.  St.  Brazil.  Purchased. 

e.  cT  ad.  sk.  Novo    Fribourgo,  Rio    de        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Janeiro  (Joiifl?*). 
/,  g*  c^  5  ad.  sk.      Rio  Claro,  Goyaz,    Brazil        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Joipier), 
h.  S  ad.  sk.  Santa    F«$,    Minas  Geraes        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

{Ritgers). 
%.  S  ad. ;  y,  k.  <5     Sao  Paolo,  Brazil  (Jot/ner),  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

jr.  sk. 
L  c^  ad.  sk.  Rio,  Brazil.  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

m.  $  ad. ;  n.  (^       Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Brazil        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

jr.  sk.  {Rogers). 

0.  cJ  ad. ;  p,  ^       Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

jr.  sk. 
q.  S  ad.  sk.  Brazil,  .F.  Gould,  Esq. 

r,  s.  2  ad.  sk.  Brazil.  M.  Claussen  [P,]. 

<.  $  ad.  sk.  S.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

u.  c?  jr.  sk.  Misiones,  Arg.  Rep.  (  White).      Sclater  Coll. 


13.  HELICURA  ♦. 

Jlicxmi,  Reichenb.  Av.  Syst.  pi.  Ixiii.  (18o0) H.  militaris. 

Heilicura,  Salvin,  Cat.  Strickl.  Coll.  p.  320  (1882)  ....   II.  militaris. 

The  single  Brazilian  species  which  has  been  isolated  under  this 
name  is  certainly  very  closely  allied  to  Chiroxiphia,  and  might 
perhaps  be  united  to  it.  But  although  the  frontal  feathers  are 
erect  and  stiffened,  there  is  no  vertical  crest,  and  the  outer  primary 
is  more  shortened. 

1.  Helictira  militaris. 

Pipra  militaris,  Shaw,  Nat.  Misc.  xx.  p.  849;    Wagl.  leisj  1830, 

p.  931 ;  Burm.  Syst.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  441. 
Chiroxiphia  miUtarie,  Cab.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1847,  pt.  i.  p.  236. 
lUcura  militaris,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Aftis.  Hein.  ii.  p.  96 ;  Scl.  Cat.  A,  B. 

p.  250;  Pelz.  Orn.  Bras.  p.  129;  HarmUon,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  306 

(Brazil)  ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  64. 
Heilicura  militaris,  Salv.  Cat.  Strickl.  Coll.  p.  320. 

*  Presumed  derivation  ^Xt|  and  ohp&  (?). 


Pipn  ruliri&oiii,  VieiU.  Nouv,  Diet,  ziz.   p.   161 ;   id.  Ene.  . 

Fipra  oiTuis,  Nordm.  m  Erm.  Beit.  All.  p.  12,  pi.  9.  figs.  1,  3, 
ChinzipliU  osyim,  Cbi.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1847,  i.  p.  236. 
Above  jet-Uaok  ;  erect  frontal  plumes  and  nimp  bright  scf 
Becondaries  ext«mBllj  bright  green ;   tail  block ;  beneath  v 
bill  and  feet  pale  brown :  whole  length  5  inches,  wing  2-5,  tai 
FemaJe,  Oreen,  beneath  paler ;  throat  cinereons. 
Hah.  8.E.  BraEil. 

a.  S  ad.  St  Braiil.                     '  Ld.  Stuart  de  fiot 

[P.]. 

A.  (7  «d.  bL  Braril.  J.  Gould,  Ksq. 

c;  $  ad.  St.  BniiL  Purchased. 

d.  <J  tiitk.  Bio  Juidro,  Brazil.  Salviu-Godman  C 

«.  ^  ad.  sk.  Novo  Fribourgo, Rio  (Poiufe).  Sali-in-Oodntiii  C 

f.  g  ul.  A.  Santa     F«,     Minsa     Qeraea  Salrin-Godiuan  C 

g,  (f  jr.  tk,  Rio    Olaro,     Ooyac,     Braul    Salvin-Godnian  C 

A,  i  rf  2  «i  sk.    Bmiil      '  Gould  Coll. 

j,k.  ij^ ad. sk.    BnwiL  SclUer Coll. 


14.  CHZROKACHSBIS. 

ChiromachBris,  QA.  Wiegm.  Arch.  zili.  pt.  i.  p.  235  ( 1847).  C.  ram 

ManacuB,  Orojf  (ex  Briuon),  Cat.  Gen.  1856,  p.  56    0.  nai 

This  little  gronp  consiato  of  aeren  speoiee,  distributed 
America  from  Guatemala  to  8.  Brazil,  It  is  sufficiently  eh 
terized  by  the  peculiar  modification  of  the  primaries,  which  are  i 
attenuated  in  the  barbe,  and  have  the  sterna  thickened  and  ci 


14.  OHUtOMAOHJBBIS.  313 


1.  OiiroiiiacliaBriB  manacuB. 

Pirn  manacusy  Linn.  S.  N.  L_p.  340;  Gm,  8.  N,  i.  p.  1002;  Lath, 
Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  666 ;   Vieai.  Enc.  MSth.  p.  264. 

Manakin  du  Brazil,  Daub.  Pi.  Enl.  302.  fig.  1  (P). 

OhiromachflBris  manacus,  Cab.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1847,  i.  p.  235 ;  id, 
in  Schomb.  Guian.  iii.  p.  696 ;  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hem.  ii.  p.  06 ; 
Sdat.  P.  Z.  8.  1860,  pp.  89,  279,  296  (Ecuador) ;  id.  Cat.  A,  B. 
p.  252 ;  Pelz.  Om.  Bras.  p.  130 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomend.  p.  55 ;  iid. 
P.  Z.  8,  1866,  p.  667  (Peru),  1867,  p.  580  (L.  Amazons),  p.  751 
(E.  Peru),  p.  978  (Amazonia),  1873,  p.  283  (E.  Peru),  1879, 
p.  517  (Antioquia) ;  Taylor,  Ibis,  1804,  p.  87  (Trinidad) ;  Finsch, 
P.  Z.  8. 1870,  p.  673  (Trinidad) ;  La^ard,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  384  (Para) ; 
8alv.  et  Godm.  Ibis,  1880,  p.  169  (Sta.  Marta) ;  8alv.  Ibis,  1885, 
p.  301  (Br.  Guiana) ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  23  (N.E.  Peru);  id. 
Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  349 ;  Tacz.  et  Berl.  P.  Z.  8.  1883,  p.  659 
(W.  Ecuador). 

Manacusedwardsii,  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  171 ;  Sclat.  P.  Z.  8.  1865,  p.  151. 

Pipra  edwardaii,  Bumi.  Syst.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  447. 

Above,  crown,  interscapulium,  wings,  and  tail  black ;  rump 
xunereous;  broad  band  across  the  upper  back  and  body  beneath 
white ;  flanks  and  crissum  tinged  with  cinereous ;  bill  black ;  feot 
pale  brown:  whole  length  4  inches,  "vving  2*1,  tail  1'3.  Female. 
Green,  beneath  rather  lighter. 

Hob.  Guiana,  Amazonia,  Venezuela,  Colombia,  Ecuador,  and 
Peru. 

a.  (^  ad.  st.  British  Guiana.  R.  Geogr.  Soc.  [P.]. 

b.  S  ad.  sk.  Cayenne.  Sclater  Coll. 

Cfd,  cJ  5  ad.  sk.      Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Whiteli/). 

e.  (S  ad.  sk,              Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Whiteli/). 

/,9'  6  2  ad.  sk.      Trinidad.  Sclater  Coll 

h.  <S  ad.  sk.              Trinidad.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

t^  c^  ad.  sk.               Pebas,  E.  Peru  {Hauxwell).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

J,  k,  S  2  *^«  ®^'      l*ara  {Layard).  Tweeddale  Coll. 

/.  c^  ad.  sk.               Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley).  Salviu-Ctodman  Coll. 

f7t,  n.  c^  ad.  sk.        Sta.  Rita,  Ecuador  (Buckley).  Salviu-Godman  Coll. 

o>  P'  6  9-  ad.  sk.      Nanegal,  Ecuador  (Fraser).  Sclater  Coll. 

q,  S  ad.  sk.              Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

r.  c?  ad.  sk.              Bogota.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

«,  <.  (^  ad.  sk.           Remedios,  Antioquia,  U.  S.  C.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(8almo7i). 

u,  c^  ad. ;  v.  S        Minca,  Santa  Marta,   U.S.C.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
jr.  sk.                       (8imons). 

2.  ChiromacliaBris  g^ttnrosa. 

Manakin  k  tete  noire  de  Cayenne,  Daub.  PI.  Erd.  303.  fig.  1  (P). 

Pipra  manacus,  var.  j8,  Gmel.  8.  N.  i.  p.  1002. 

Pipra  manacus,  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  432 ;  Wagl.  Isis,  1830,  p.  939 ; 

8w.  Om.  Dr.  pi.  28;  Bumi.  8y8i.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  446;  Euler,  J.  f.  O. 

1867,  p.  223  (nest). 


Pipra  TuttuMM,  Denm.  Tang.  pi.  68 ;  VietU.  Nouv.  Diet.  xix.  p 
id.  End.  Mith.  p.  387 ;  hahn  u.  KiuUr,  Vng.  Lief.  ivi.  pi.  6. 

Manacus  fru^u"'^''^  BP'  Omtp.  i.  p.  171. 

ChiromachBris  gutturosB,  Seiida;  P.  Z.  S.  1854,  p.  114  (RioN 
id.  Cat.  A.  B.J.  W2;  Cab.  tt  Bein.  Mu».  Hein.  ii.  p.  07; 
Om.  Brat.  p.  130 ;  id.  Ibit,  1873,  p.  114  (BrBiU) ;  Hamilton 
1871,  p.  SOfi  (Brazil) ;  ScL  et  Saiv.  Ifomertcl.  p.  55. 

Above,  crown,  middle  of  back,  vings,  and  tail  black;  rump 
reouB ;  nuchat  band  whit« :  beneath,  throat  white,  abdomen  cinei 
bill  black ;  feet  pale  brown :  whole  lengi^h  4-3  incbes,  wiag  i 
1-3.     Female.  Green,  beneath  paler. 

iToft.  8.E.  Brazil 


a,  &  (J  ad.  Bk. 

c.  (f  ad.  flk. 

d.  (f  ad.  sk. 

e,f.  tJ  ad.  fk. 
g,h.  <J2  ad.j 
•:<J  jr.sk. 
J.  (J  ad.  sk. 
k,  I.  S  ad.  Bk. 


Bahia,  Bnz]l(Wucherer). 

Novo  Fribourgo,  Rio  (Youd$). 
Bio  Claro,  Goyaz,  Brazil 

(Joifner). 
Sao  Paolo,  Brazil  ( Joyner). 
Brazil. 


SalTio-Qodmai 
SalTin-Godmai: 
Salvin-Godmai 


3.  ChiromaclueriB  candoi. 

Pipra  canda,  Parzud.  Bet).  Zool.  1841,  f.  S06;  id.  Mag.   de 

1843,  OU.  pi.  45. 
Manacus  candei,  Bp.  Conm.  i.  p.  171 ;  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p 

Sctai.  et  Sale.  Ibit,  186tl,  p.  124. 
Ckiro machine  candcei,  Cab.  et  Bein.  Mua.  Bein.  ii.  p.  07;  Sc 

A.S.  p.  262;  FrarOz.!./.  0.186!),  p.  310  (Costa  Rica); 

Salv.   P.Z.S.   1870,  p.   837   (Honduraa^;   iid.   Nomend.   i 

Boucard,  P.  Z.  8.  1678,  p.  06  (CoBta  Rica). 


14.   CHIBOMACH.SBIS.  315 

qfT,  (S  2  ^'  Bk.     Angostura,  Costa  Rica  (Car-  Salyin-Godman  Coll. 

tiuW). 

^  f .  cf  S  ad.  ak.      Tucurrii^uiy  Costa  Rica  (Arcf).  Salyin-Godman  Coll. 

tc.  (5"  ad.  ak.  Costa  Rica  (Carmiol),  Sclater  Coll. 

4.  ChiromacliSBris  flaveola. 

Manacus  flayeolus,  Cass.  Proc,  Acad,  PhUad,  1851,  p.  349 ;  Sclater, 

P.Zi^.  1856,  p.  161. 
Pi^ra  flavitincta,  Sdaier,  P  Z.  S,  1862,  p.  34,  pi.  48  (Bogota). 
Chiromachseris  flaveola,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Iiein.  ii.  p.  97 ;  Scl.  Cat, 

A.  B.  p.  262 ;  Sd.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  65 ;  Berl.  J.  f.  O.  1884, 
p.  305  (j3ucaramanga). 

Similar  to  (7.  manacm,  but  the  white  faintly  tinged  with  lemon- 
yellow. 
.  Bab.  Colombia. 

a,  <J  ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll.     (Type 

of  Pipra  JlavO'tincta.) 

b,  e.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Bogota.  J.  Goula,  Esq. 
dyC.  c?  ?  ad.  sk.             Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 
/,  y.  d  2  ad.  sk.              Bogota.  Purchased. 

A,  t.  S  $  ftd.  sk,  Bogota.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

j,  cT  ad.  ek.  Bucaramanga,  IT.  S.  C.         Sclater  Coll. 

{Minlos). 

5.  ChiromachaBris  vitellina. 

Pinra  vitellina,  Gould,  P.  Z.  S.  1843,  p.  103 ;  id.  in  Zool.  Voy.  Sidph., 

B.  p.  41,  pi.  21 ;  Lafr.  JRev.  Zool.  1847,  p.  QQ ;  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  173. 
Chiromachseris  vitellina,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  97 ;  Scl.  Cat, 

A,  B.  p.  253 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  66 ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  18(54, 
p.  362  (Tanaraa),  et  1879,  p.  517  (Antioquia). 

Above,  crown,  broad  interscapulium,  wings,  and  tail  black ;  rump 
green ;  band  round  the  nape  and  sides  of  head  bright  yellow  ;  beneath 
yellowish  green,  throat  and  breast  bright  yellow ;  bill  black,  feet 
yellowish  :  whole  length  3*8  inches,  wing  2*1,  tail  1*3.  Female. 
Green,  beneath  lighter,  tinged  with  yellow. 

Hab,  Nicaragua,  Veragua,  Panama,  and  Northern  Colombia. 

a.  S  ad.  St.  Nicaragua  (Belattre).  E.  Wilson,  Esq.  [P.]« 

b.  (S  ad.  st.  Panama.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

c.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Veragua  (Arcd).  Salvin-Godnian  Coll. 

d.  e,  cJ  $  ad.  sk.  Paraiso  Station,  Panama  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Hughes). 

ffff-  62  ad.  sk.  Panama  (McLea?man),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

*»  »'•  6  2  ad.  sk.  Panama  (McLeannan).  Sclater  Coll. 

J,  S  ad.  sk.  Panama  (Delattre).  Sclater  Coll. 

h,  S  ad.  sk.  Panama.  0.  Salvin,  Esq.  [P.], 

/.  6  ad.  sk.  Cauca,  U.  S.  C.  {Salmon).  Sclater  Coll. 

m.  <J  ad.  sk.  Cauca,  U.  S.  C.  (Salmon),  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

n.  $  ad.  sk,  Colombia.  Sclater  Coll. 


6.  Qiironueharu  aorautiaca. 
Chiromacbferu  aurantiaca,  Saiuin,  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  200  (Veragtu). 

Above,  crown,  wings,  taU,  and  narrow  interscapulium.  blacl 
mmp  green ;  band  round  the  nape  and  sides  of  head  deep  orangi 
beaeath  yellow,  throat  and  breast  deep  orange;  bill  black,  fe 
fleah-colottr  t  whole  length  3-5  inches,  wing  1-9,  tail  1-3.  Feinai 
Qreen,  beneath  paler,  belly  yellow. 

Haft.  Veragna. 

The  narrowQess  of  the  black  interscapulium,  the  orange  tint  of  t 
nape  and  throat,  and  the  yellow  beUy  at  once  distinguish  this  speci 
from  C.  vitdtina. 


a,  6.  <;  $  od.  sk. 

e.  <;  od-ak. 

(J.  ij  ad.sk. 
t.  c^ad.  sk. 
/,g.  (J  ad.  bL 


Bugaba,  Chiriqui  (Ai-d). 
Hina  de  Chorcha,  Chiriqui 

Chiriqui  (Arei). 

Veragua  {Ard). 
Veragua  (Arai). 


Salvin-Uodman  Ci 
(lypes  uf  the  specie 
Salvin-Qodman  C( 

Sclater  Coll. 
SclaCer  Coll. 
O.  Salvin,  Esq.  [P. 


7.  Cbiromachsria  coronata. 

ChiromachEeria  coronata,  Boucard,  P.  Z.  S,  1870,  p.  178,  pL  zi 
(Colombia). 

Abore  black,  nuobal  band  and  sides   of  head  bright  yelloi 
beneath  grey,  throat  block:   whole  length  3-5  inches,  wing  2 


15.    PTILOCHLOBIS.  31? 

b.  Fourth  remex  not  attenuated. 
a'.  Tarsus  strong. 

I  Bill  longer ;  tarsus  longer 16.  Hetebopelma,  p.  318. 

I  Bill  shorter ;  tarsus  shorter 17.  Schiffobnis,  p.  322. 

b\  Tarsus  feehle 18.  Neopelma,  p.  323. 

B.  Rictus  smooth :  tail  graduated 19.  Hbtebocebcus,  p.  324. 


15.  PTILOCHLOBIS. 

T>'pe. 
Laniisoma,  Swains.  Faun.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  p.  492  (1831)  . .  P.  squamata. 
Ptilochloris,  Swains.  Class.  B.  ii.  p.  260  (1837) P.  squamata. 

This  singular  type  is,  I  now  think,  on  the  whole  best  placed 
here  next  to  Ileteropelma,  with  which  it  closely  agrees  in  the 
structure  of  the  foot  and  bill.  It  is  remarkable  for  having  the 
fourth  primary  attenuated  and  curved  slightly  outwards  in  the 
male  sex. 

The  very  peculiar  nestling  of  Ptilochloris  has  been  described  and 
figured  by  Mr.  Salvin  and  myself,  P.  Z.  8.  1880,  p.  158. 

Kei/  to  the  ^S^taics, 

A.  Head  black ;  back  green   1.  squamata^  p.  317, 

B.  Head  green,  like  the  back 2.  buckh*yi^  p.  318. 

1.  Ptilochloris  sqnamata. 

Muscicapa  squamata,  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  P.  814  ( J),  IS^H. 
Ptilochloris  squamata,  Bunn.  St/tif.  rV6.  ii.  p.  4iJo;  Cah.  ef  Ilein, 

Mvs.  Hem.  ii.  p.  102:  1  r/z.  Orn.  Bras.  p.   ll>G ;  Sci.  Cat.  A,  B, 

p.  24G ;  &•/.  et  Salv.  NtVH-^icL  p.  •">7. 
Lanius  arcuatus,  Gvoffr.  May.  de  Zvoi.  If^Xl,  0/,v.  pi.  12. 
Laniifoma  arcuatum,  Sclafcr,  1\  Z.  S.  ]8'")4.  p.  114. 
Ptilochloris  arcuatus,  Lofr.  Bev.  Zool.  1838,  p.  237,  et  1847,  p.  182 ; 

Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  177. 
Ptilochloris  lunatus,  Su\  Class.  B.  ii.  p.  2r)0. 
Ptilochloris  remigialis,  La/?'.  Bcv.  Zool.  18S8,  p.  287 ;  Bp.  Consp.  i. 

p.  177;  Burm.  Syst.   Vth.  ii.  p.  A'^Q;   Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Ifetn, 

li.  p.  102 ;  *SW.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  240 ;  *SW.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  57. 

Above  olive-green  ;  wings  and  tail  blackivsh,  edged  with  olive- 
green  ;  cap  black  :  beneath  sulphur-yellow,  breast  and  flanks  lunu- 
lated  with  black ;  fourth  remex  attenuated  at  the  apex  and  slightly 
bent  outwards  ;  bill  above  hazel-brown,  below  whitish  ;  feet  plum- 
beous ;  whole  length  6*5  inches,  wing  4,  tail  2-6.  FemaU  similar, 
but  primaries  not  modified,  head  not  so  black,  and  whole  body  below 
lunulated  with  black. 

Hab.  S.E.  Brazil. 

It  is  possible  that  there  may  be  a  closely  allied  representative  of 
this  form  in  Colombia,  distinguished  by  its  rather  smaller  size  and 
yellow  breast.     If  this  be  so,  the  term  remigialis  of  Lafresnaye 


would  probably  be  applicable  to  it.  But  I  have  not  yet  been  al 
to  meet  with  apecimena,  the  localities  ot  which  can  be  quite  depend 
upon. 


8,6.  jad.;  2 

jr.  Bt. 
c.  9  ad.  at. 
d,«  <f  ad.,/.  9 

ad.  ak. 
jj.  $  ad.  Bk. 

A,.-.  <r«d.;y.  9 

ad.sk. 
*.  (J  jr.  ak. 
/.  J  ad.  sk. 

B,.9Bk. 

Eio  Napo  (P). 

Purchased. 

BrariL 

Bahia,  Brniil  ( WucAerer). 

Sudbury  Mus.  [E.' 
Salvin-Godman  Gi 

Novo  Friboutgo,  Rio  ( lW£i). 
BraziL 

BrariL 
Braiil. 
Bogota  (P>. 

Salvin-Godman  Co 
Sclater  CoU. 

Salvin-Godman  Co 
J.  Gould,  Esq. 
Purchased. 

2.  PtUocUoris  bnckleyi 
Ptjlochlorifl  buokleyi,  Sd.  et  Saia.  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p,  158,  pi.  i 
(Ecuador). 
Above  uniform  dull  olive-green ;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  edg 
with  olive^een :  beneath  yellow,  with  well-marked  black  lun 
lationB  on  the  breast,  upper  belly,  and  flania ;  bill  horn-coloi 
beneath  pale;  feet  plumbeous;  whole  length  6-5  iQches,  wing 
tail  2-5. 

Hab.  Ecuador. 


Pindo,  Ecuador  (BneMey). 


Salvio-Godman  Cc 
(Typea  of  the  specie 


16.  EETEKOPELHA. 
HetOTopelma,  Bp.  Coaip-  Vol.  Anitcd.  p.  4  (1854) 


1  *.    I jnaii' •»•:-*. 


B,  Not  imif:r=i  :ii''M     v*i'a  . 


v-^.  n 


root, 

c.  Bell  J  •■■^liHtt  «*f«i#ftfni««44'<i 

d.  Beli'j  T*ui.'v«Ji 

"'  rrw»r  --ylipv 


•  '  ■■••'T*         ,       .  _ 


^iSU^TVi^'SUMi^  iftruiii':: 


I.. 


k' 


3.  Boteropelma  am&io&nm. 

Heteropelma  smBzonDm,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  466  (Chan 

id.  Cat.  ^.  £.  p.  246 ;  Petz.  Ch-n.  Brai.  p.  125 ;  Wyatt,  lint,  185 
p.  334  (Colombia);  Sd.et  Salv.  A'omencl.p.  56;  iid.  P.  Z. 
1873,  p.  180  (Peru);  rara/AZ.A  1982,  p.  23  (N.E.  Peru);  i 
Om.  Fir.  ii.  p.  360. 

Brownish  olive ;  head  strongly  tinged  with  mfons :  benea 
paler,  greyish  on  the  belly;  biU  and  feet  hom-colour;  whc 
length  6-5  inches,  wing  3-3,  tail  2-7. 

^a&.  TTpper  Amazonia. 

The  brownish  head  seems  to  distingniah  this  species  frc 
H.  waUaeiL     On  the  underparte  they  are  nearly  alike. 

Bogota.  SalviD-Oodman  Cc 

Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (BucMeyX  Sclater  CoU. 

Sarajacu,  Ecuador  (Buckiry).  SHlvin-Godman  Cc 

Balzar  Mts.,  Ecuador  (IHingworth).  Salvin-Oodman  Cc 

Chamicuros,  Peru,  E.  Bartletl  [C.]. 

Chamicuros,  Peru,  Sclater  CoU. 

(Tjpeof  theapecie 

River  Ucayali  (^HizurtMfl).  Gould  Coll. 

Cosnipata,  Peru  (  WhiUly),  Salvin-Oodman  Ci 

Oyapoc  (f).  Sclater  Coll. 

4.  Heteropalma  stenorhyncbiun. 

Heteropelma  ateuorbvnchum,  Set.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  8.  1868,  pp.  6i 
032  (Venezuela) ;  iid.  Ifomenel.  p.  66. 

Above  nearly  uniform  rnfeacent  olive,  rather  brighter  on  t 
head,  wings,  and  tail ;  beneath  paler,  belly  more  cinereous,  and  wi 
very  faint  indicationa  of  transTerse  markings ;  bill  much  coi 
pressed  :  whole  length  6'S  inches,  wing  3'6,  tail  2'8. 


A 

Ad.sk. 

b. 

Ad.sk. 

d.    Ad.  Bk. 

t. 

Ad.ak. 

f. 

Ad.Bk. 

9- 

Ad.sk. 

A. 

.-.  Ad.  ek. 

i: 

Ad.  sk. 

Ad.sk. 

16.   HBTEROPELMA.  321 

a.  Ad.  ak.              Choctum,  Vera  Paz  (Salvm),  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

(Type  of  the  specied.) 

6.  (^  ad.  sk.           Choctum,  Vera  Paz  (Salvin).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.              Vera  Paz  (Salvin),  Sclater  Coll. 

df  A  Ad.  ak.          Vera  Paz.  O.  Salvin,  Esq.  [P.]. 

/.  Ad.  sk.              Vera  Paz  (Salvin),  Tweeddalo  CoU. 

g.  Ad.  sk.              Yzabel,  Guatemala  (Salvin),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

A.  $  ad.  sk.            Valza,  Costa  Rica  (  Carmiol),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

ifj.  (S  ad.  sk.         Angostura,  Costa  Rica  ( Car-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

tniol), 

k,  5  ad.  sk.           Costa  Rica  (Carmiol).  Sclater  Coll. 

i^  m.  c^  ad.  sk.       Calovevora,  Veragua  (ArcS).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

n.  Ad.  sk.              Veraprua  (ArcS).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

o.  (^  ad.  sk.            Veragua  (Arc4).  Sclater  Coll. 

p,  2  ftd.  ak.            Southern  slope  of  Vole,  of  Chi-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

riqui  {Arce). 

q,  5  ad.  sk.            Bugaba,  Chiriqui  (Arc^).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

r.  Ad.  sk.              Panama  (Markham)  {'f).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


0.  Heteropelma  virescens. 

Muscicapa  virescens,  Max.  Bvifr.  iii.  p.  802. 

Ptilochloris  virescens,  Lafr.  Rev.  /mvI.  1838,  p.  238 ;  Bp,  Comp.  i. 

p.  177;  Burnt.  Syst.  Ueh.  ii.  p.  431), 
Heteropelma  \arescens,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  18()0,  p.  407  ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B. 

p.  245 ;  Pelz.  Orn.  Bras.  p.  124 ;    Scl,  ct  Salv.  Nomeiicl.  p.  55 ; 

Bert,  et  Jher.  Zeitschr.  (jes.  Orn.  1885,  p.  130  (Rio  Gr.  do  Sul). 
Pipra  unicolor,  Lamjsdorf  et  Metietr.  MSS. 
Pipra  galeata  $ ,  Lieht.  DouU.  p.  29. 
Gooe-mouche  vert,  Less.  Tr.  (TOrn.  i.  p.  301. 
Heteropelma  uuicolor,    Cab.  et  Ilein.   Mus.  Ilein.  ii.  p.  100  j   Bp, 

Cotisp.  Vol.  Anisod.  p.  4. 

Above  and  beneath  uniform  greenish  olive ;  wings  and  tail  brownish 
olivo ;  bill  and  feet  horn-colour :  whole  length  0*3  inches,  wing  3, 
tail  2*8.     Female  similar. 

Hah,  S.E.  Brazil. 

The  uniform  olive-green  of  both  surfaces  at  once  distinguishes  this 
species. 

flj  ^'  d  2  ftd.  sk.       Sao  Paolo,  Brazil  (Joyner).        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
c.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 


7.  Heteropelma  flavicapillum.    (Plate  XXI.) 

Heteropelma  ilavicapiUum,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  pp.  400,  467 
(Brazil) ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  245 ;  Pelz.  Orn,  Bras.  p.  125 ;  Scl.  et 
Salv,  Nomencl.  p.  55. 

Above  olive-green,  wings  and  tail  brown,  edged  with  olive-green  ; 
large  vertical  spot  yellow :  beneath  ashy  white  ;  under  wing- coverts 
and  bend  of  wing  pale  lemon-yellow ;  bill  and  feet  dark  brown : 
whole  length  6  inches,  wing  3*1,  tail  2'b, 

Hah.  S.E.  Brazil. 

VOL.  XIV.  Y 


I 


o,  b.  Ad.  ik. 

BahU,  Brazil  (TTucActw). 

C.   Ad.  Bk. 

BahiB,  Brazil. 

d.  Ad.  sic. 

Bio,  BrMil(ir«cA«rer). 

e.  Ad.  ak. 

S.E.  Brazil. 

Salvin-Godma 
Sclnter  CoU. 
Sclater  Coll. 
SdaWr  Coll. 

of  the  Bpecii 
Sclater  Coll. 


6.  Heteiopelma  chryBoceplialTUiL 
Hetempelma  chryMwepbalum,  Pek.  Om.  Brat.  pp.  126,  ISd ; 
Satv.  Nomencl.  p.  66. 

Above  (divO'^Teen;  win)^  and  tail  blackisli  brown,  edgec 
olive ;  large  elongated  vertioal  spot  yellow :  beneath  pale  yelli 
throat  more  doaky;  bill  and  feet  pale  brown:  whole  Ion 
incheB,  wing  2-9,  tail  2-3. 

Hab.  Interior  of  Brazil. 


I.  <;  ad.  Bk.       Mato  Gtosbo,  Brazil  {NatUrer). 


Sdater  Coll. 
(Authentic  spet 


9.  HetaropelmA  igaicepB.    (Plate  XX  TT.) 

Uetetopelnu  igniceps,  Set.  P.  Z.  8.  1871,  p.  760  (Oyapoc),  e 
p.  214  (Brit.  Ouuna)  ;  Sd.  et  Satv.  Nommd.  p.  56 ;  Sd 
1885,  p.  301  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Above  olive-green ;  wings  and  tail  brownish  black,  edge 
olive  ;  head  tinged  with  cinereona ;  vertical  spot  bright  j 
beneath,  throat  and  breast  cinereous,  belly  pale  sulphur-; 
flanks  olivaceous ;  bill  hom-colour,  beneath  paler  ;  feet  ciD< 
whole  length  5-2  inches,  wing  2-8,  tail  21.     Female  simil 


18«  HSOPSticA.  d23 

Key  to  the  Bpeeiet* 

A.  Larger;  crown  greyish    .....*  I.  nunoTf  p.  323. 

B.  Smaller ;  crown  ruSbus   3.  rufa,  p.  323. 

1.  SchifforniB  major. 

Schifibmis  major,  Bp,  Consp.  Vol,  Anisod.p,  4  (descr.  nulla ! )  ;  Des 
Murs,  in  Cagteln.  Vay.,  Ois,  p.  66,  pi.  18.  fig.  2;  HartL  J.f,  O. 
1857,  p.  47 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S,  1800,  p.  190  (Ucayali),  1873, 
p.  284  (E.  Peru) ;  iid,  Nomencl.  p.  65 ;   Tacz,  Om.  P^.  ii.  p.  352. 

Above  mfoas ;  rump  and  tail  brighter  ;  head  cinereous :  beneath 
bright  rufous,  throat  and  breast  more  dusky ;  bill  black  ;  feet  brown  : 
whole  length  6  inches,  wing  3*4,  tail  1*8.  FtmaU  similar,  but 
rather  smaller. 

Uab.  Cayenne  and  Amazonia. 

Ofh.  cJ  2  ad.  sk.    Oyapoc,  Cayenne  (  VercUy).  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Nauta,  ^Vmazons.  E.  Bartlett  [C.]. 

djt.  ^  ad.  sk.        Samiria,     Upper     Amazons  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

{HatunjoeU). 

2.  Schifromis  mfa. 

Heteropelma  rufum,  Pdz.  Oi-n.  Bras.  p.  1 24. 
SchifForais  rufa,  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  55. 
Schiffomis  minor,  Bp.  Consp.  Vol.  Anisod.  p.  4  (?) 

Above  clear  ferruginous,  tail  rather  brighter ;  wings  blackish, 
edged  with  ferruginous :  beneath  i)aler,  belly  rather  brighter ;  bill 
blackish ;  feet  brown :  whole  length  5*5  inches,  wing  3,  tail  2. 
Female  similar. 

Hah.  Amazonia. 

a.  Ad.  sk.     Rio  Amajou,  llio  Negro  {Natterer).        Sclater  Coll. 

(Authentic  specimen.) 

18.  NEOPELMA. 

Typo. 
Neopelma,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  p.  407    N.  aurifrons. 

This  curious  Brazilian  form  was  originally  associated  with  the 
Tyrannid(p,  but,  regard  being  had  to  its  foot-atructure,  must  go  with 
the  Piprido!,  in  tho  vicinity  of  Heteropelma.  From  Heteropelma, 
however,  it  deviates  in  its  slender  tarsi  and  more  feeble  bill,  and 
should  therefore  stand  alone. 

1.  Keopelma  aurifrons. 

Museicapa  aurifrons,  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  829. 

Elainea  aurifrons.  Cab.  in  Schomh.  Chiton,  iii.  p.  701< 

Euscarthmus  aurifrons,  Burm.  Syst.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  489. 

Heteropelma  aurifrons,  Sdat.  P.  Z.  8.  1860,  p.  467 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B. 

p.  246  J  Pek,  Om.  Braa.i^.  125 ;  Scl.  et  Salv,  Nomencl.  p.  55. 
Museicapa  luteocephala,  Lafr.  Mag,  de  Zool,  1833,  Ois.  pi.  13. 

t2 


Above  olive-gTeen  ;  wingH  and  toil  blackisli  brown,  slightly 
irith  olive-greeQ ;  laige  vertical  patch,  occupying  the  bases 
feathers,  lemon-yellow :  beneath  paler,  throat  more  cincreoui 
more  yeUowiah ;  bill  and  feet  pale  brown :  whole  length  5 
wing  2-6,  tail  2-2. 

Hob.  6J&.  BnudL 


19.  EETEB0CBBCT7S. 


Tail  of  Eatroeennti  UiUtatiu 


This  is  a  very  singular  type,  remarkable  for  the  peculia 
the  tail  and  the  nearly  smooth  rictus.     The  foot-stnictur 


19.   HBTEBOCBBOXTS.  325 

with  olive-green ;  cap  and  sides  of  head  black,  with  a  large  central 
patch  of  scarlet :   beneath,  throat  white,  pectoral  band  blackish ; 
abdomen  chestnut ;  under  wing-coverts  and  flanks  dull  cinereous ; 
bill  black ;  feet  brown :  whole  length  5'5  inches,  wing  3*5,  tail  2. 
Hah.  Upper  Amazonia. 

a.  (^  ad.  ak.  Upper  Amazons  {Bates).  Sclater  Coll. 


2.  HeterocercTis  flavivertez. 

Elaenia  linteata,  Strickl.  Contr.  Om.  1850,  p.  121,  pi.  63  ($  ). 
Heterocercus  flavi vertex,  Peh.  Om.  Bras.  pp.  126,  186 ;  Scl.  et  Salv. 
Nomencl.  p.  66. 

Above  olive-greon  ;  coronal  patch  yellow ;  ear- coverts  blackish  ; 
wings  and  tail  dark  ashy,  slightly  edged  with  green :  beneath,  throat 
white,  abdomen  chestnut,  middle  of  belly  and  crissum  paler  ;  under 
wing-coverts  and  flanks  cinereous  ;  bill  blackish  ;  feet  dark  cinereous : 
whole  length  5*5  inches,  wing  3*5,  tail  2.  Female,  Above  olive- 
green  :  beneath  lighter,  throat  cinereous,  middle  of  belly  ochraceous. 

Bab.  Upper  Amazonia. 

«,  6.  d  ?  ad.  sk.       Rio  Negro  (Natterer).  Sclater  Coll. 

(Authentic  specimens.) 

Cfd,   S  9^  ad.  sk.       Oyapoc,  Cayenne.  Sclater  Coll. 

*>/•   c^  ?  ^'  ®k.        Oyapoc,  Cayenne.  Purchased. 

g,  S  ad.  sk.  Oyapoc,  Cayenne.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

h.   (S  jr.  sk.  Chamicurofl,  Peruv.  Amazons  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

{Bartklt). 

I.   $  ad.  sk.  Chamicuros,  Peruv.  Amazons.  E.  Bartlett  [P.]. 


3.  Heterocercus  anrantiivertex.    (Plate  XXIII.) 

Heterocercus  aurantiivertex,  Scl.   et  Salv,  F,  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  167 
(Ecuador). 

Above  olive-green,  large  coronal  patch  bright  orange ;  wings  and 
tail  blackish,  slightly  edged  with  olive-green :  beneath  fulvous,  throat 
white,  flanks  passing  into  olivaceous  ;  bill  horn-colour ;  feet  pale 
brown :  whole  length  4-5  inches,  wing  3*4,  tail  2. 

Hah,  Eastern  Ecuador. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley).      Sclater  Coll.  ) 

bj  c.  Ad.  sk.         Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley).      Salvin-Godman  Coll.  f 

(Types  of  the  species.) 


oomraiDX. 


Family  IV.  COTINGID.^. 

The  Cotingida  an  one  of  the  gre&t  frait-eatiDg  famij 
Tropical  America,  and  amongst  the  Paeserine  birds  addicted 
kind  of  diet  are  the  most  numerous  and  most  important  aft 
Tanagrida.  In  plumage,  structure,  and  size  they  are  much  ^ 
Bothing  can  be  more  brilliant  in  colour  than  the  tj-pical  Co 
and  some  allied  forma,  while  the  Lipaugi  and  others  are  of  uni 
dull  plumage  in  both  sexes.  As  regards  structure,  the  second  a 
primary  of  the  Tityrinaiy  the  feet  and  crest  of  Rapieola,  ai 
watUes  of  0?ia»mor}iyneku»  and  Cephaloptenu  show  such  ea 
-dinary  excesses  of  development  as  are  almost  unequalled  i 
Puserine  series.  In  si7«  also,  the  discrepancy  between  lodo 
y^>ro,  with  a  total  length  of  3^  inches,  and  l\/roderug  leutalti 
a  length  of  18  inches,  is  certaonly  remarkable  amongst  mem] 
the  same  natural  family. 

like  tb£  TyranrUda  the  Cotingida  are  dentirostral  Oligoj 
and  have  ten  well-formed  primaries  instead  of  nine,  or  nine 
■hortened  outer  primary,  as  is  the  case  vith  the  dentirostral  0 
They  number  about  110  species,  and  are  distributed  over  t 
America  from  Southern  Mexico  to  the  northern  bordcis  of  t 
gentjne  B«pnblic.  In  this  case,  as  in  many  other  Neotropical 
of  Animals  and  Plants,  there  seem  to  be  three  districts  whit 
be  oaDod  the  principni  "  foci  "  of  their  dcTclopmenI,  ii 


TlTYKDfiB. 


327 


Subfamily  I.  TITYRIN^. 

The  TUyrinas  have  mostly  a  strong  Shrike-like  bill,  with  the  tip 
well  incurved  over  the  lower  mandible,  typical  pyenaspidean  tarsi, 
and  the  toes  bat  slightly  connected.  Their  plumage  is  not  generally 
bright,  but  of  blacks  and  whites  and  greys  and  olives,  of  di£ferent 
hues,  the  males  as  a  general  rule  being  differently  clad  from  the 
females. 

The  speeial  peculiarity  of  the  Tityrince  is  the  remarkable  abnor- 
mality of  the  second  external  primary,  which  is  shown  in  all  the 
genera  of  the  subfamily,  and  is  quite  peculiar  to  this  group. 


a.  First  primarj'  of  adult  male  of  Tityra  cayana. 
h.  SceoDQ  primary  of  ditto. 

(P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  69.) 


The  area  of  distribution  of  the  Tityritirr  is  nearly  coextensive 
with  that  of  the  family  Cotinfjklc^. 

As  regards  the  nesting  of  the  Tityrina^  Gosse  (Birds  Jam.  p.  187) 
seems  to  be  our  only  authority. 


Key  to  the  G  over  a, 

A.  Bill  strong,  compressed ;  rictus  emooth ; 

second  primary  of  male  narrowed, 
scimitar-shapea  ;  sexes  not  verj'  dis- 
similar; plimiage  black  and  white  .1.  Tityra,  p.  .*528. 

B.  Bill  not  80  strong,  widened ;  rictus  more 

or  less  bristled;  second  primary  of 
male  widened,  pointed  at  end ;  sexes 
(mostly)  qtdte  aissimilar. 

a.  Larger  forms :  bill  longer ;  males  uni- 

rorm   grey  or  blackish :    females 

rufous 2.  IIadrobtomus,  p.  333, 

b.  Smaller  forms:    bill  shorter;   males 

more  or  less  variegated;  females 

rufous  or  yellowish    3.  PACUYBUAMpnus,  p.  337. 


328  convans. 

1.  TITTRA*. 

Titytft,  Vieillol,  Anal.  p.  30  (1816)    T.  cajana. 

Psftris,  Cud.  Bign.  yln.  i.  p.  340  (1817)     T.  cajana. 

Erator,  jChip,  P.Z.  S.  1861,  p.47     T.  inquisito 

ExelAstus,  Bp.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.  sdr.  4,  2oai.  i.  p.  134 

(1864)    (No  type  gi 

Eietaatea,  Cah.  et  Heine,  Mia.  Hein.  n.  p.  83  (1869).  T.  inquiaitc 

The  genua  Tilyra  embraceH  the  largest  and  strongest  forms  c 
subfamily,  which  are  clad  in  black,  white,  and  grey.  The  sex 
not  so  conspicuously  different  as  in  the  two  following  gener 
usually  well  distjngaished.  There  are  only  five  species  k. 
which  range  from  Southern  Mexico  down  to  Southern  Brazil. 

Key  to  tht  Species. 

A.  Lores  denuded. 

a.  Whole  cap  black ;  tail  black :  females  striated. 

ISmaller:  UU  at  base  widely  red    ....  1.  cayana,  p.  32 
I  Larger:  bill  at  base  narrowly  red.  . . .   S.  braiiiienas,  p 

b.  Front  of  bead  black  1  napewbite;  tail  white, 

with  a  black  band :  female  not  striated         3.  temifasciata,  ] 

B.  Lores  feathered ;  cap  black :  female  with  nifuus 

ear-coverts. 

{Tail  black 4.  inimisitor,  p. 
Tail  white,  with  a  black  hand   6.  amtorquet,  p. 

1.  Titjra  cayana. 

I-^nius  cayanua,  Linn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  137;  Licht.  Doubi.  p.  50, 
Pacbyrhynchus  melanocephalus,  Hahn  u.  Kii^er,    Pot/.    Liel 

pl.6tJ). 
Tltrra cinerea,  VieiU.Enc.MitJi.'p.8m;id.  Gal. Oie. lit. 217, -p 

Ten'ris  cftvnnus,  'T.e>s.  Tr.  ^D,-n.  i.  p.  ^78 ;  Xauj,,  P.  X.  S.  ISSl. 


1.   TITTRA. 


329 


Hah,  Guiana,  Cayenne,  Amazonia,  Ecuador,  Colombia,  Venezuela, 
and  Trinidad. 


a,  c^  ad. ;  6.  (^  jr.    British  Guiana. 

St. 


e.  c^*  ad.  fit. 
d,  $  ad.  St. 
«,/.  d  $  ad.  sk. 
^.  <f  ad.  sk. 
A,  t.  c^  9  ad.  sk. 

/  c^  ad.  sk. 

k.  $  ad.  sk. 

/,  m.  cJ  $  ad. ;  n. 

Jr.  sk. 
Oyp,   $  ad.  sk. 
g,  r.  cJ  $  ad.  sk. 

«,  <.  c?  $  ad.  sk. 
u,  S  ad.  sk. 
r.  cJ"  ad.  sk. 
IP.  fj  ad.  sk. 
x.   $  ad.  sk. 


S.  America. 

S.  America. 

Cayenne. 

Cayenne. 

Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana 
( Whitely\ 

Camacusa,    Brit.    Giiiana 
(mMy). 

Roraima,     Brit.     Guiana 
(imtely). 

Para,  Lower  Amazons  (  Wal- 
lace). 

R.  Ueayali  (Hauawcll). 

Yquitos,   Upper    Amazons 
(  Whitely). 

Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley). 

liojrota. 

Bogota. 

Pilar,  Vi'uezuela  {Goenny). 

Trinidad. 


R.  Geogr.  Soc.  [P.]. 

J.  Gould,  Esq. 
Purchased. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

J.  Gould,  Esq. 
Salviu-G  odman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 


2.  Tityra  brasiliensis. 

Psaris  brasiliensis,  Sw.  An.  in  Meyuiy.  p.  280 ;  Kaupj  P.  Z.  S.  1851, 

p.  40 ;  Burm.  Syd.  Ueb,  ii.  p.  457. 
Titvra  brasiliensis,   Cab.  Wicym.  Arch.  1847,  pt.  i.  p.  239;  Cab.  et 

bein.  Mus.  Uoin.  ii.  p.  82  ;  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  170 :  Sclater ^  P.  Z.  S. 

1867,  p.  70;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.^.  288;   7V/s.   Orn.  Bras.  p.  119;  *S^/. 

et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  50 ;  Berl.  et  Jhcr.   Zeitschr.  yes.  Orn.  1885, 

p.  139  (Rio  Gr.  do  Sul). 
Psaris  cayanus,  cTChb.  Voy.,  Ois.  p.  .*^0l  (Buliua). 
Psaris  maximus,  Kaup,  P.  Z.  S.  1851,  p.  4(5. 
Caracttrizado  bianco  cabos  nefifros,  Azara,  Apunt.  ii.  p.  17C. 

Similar  in  all  respects  to  T.  cayana,  Init  r.ither  larger,  and  with 
the  bill  black  except  at  the  base  :  whole  length  &b  inches,  wing  5*2, 
taU  3-2. 

Hah.  S.E.  Brazil,  Paraguay,  and  Bolivia. 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Ciodman  Coll. 
Purchased. 


o.  $  ad.  sk.       Pemambuco,  Brazil  (Forl/c.^). 

b,  $  ad.  sk.       Bahia,  Brazil. 

e-e.  $  ad.  sk.    Bahia,  Brazil  ( JVucherer). 

f.  2  ad.  sk.       Rio  Janeiro. 

^.  c^  ad.  sk.       Eng.  do  Gama,MatoGroSiJO,  Brazil     Salvin-Godiiian  Coll. 

(Natterer). 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Pelotas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Brazil    Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

{Joyner), 

kfi.S  2^^  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

m.  2  ad.  sk.     Brazil.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

n.  2  ad.  fik.      Brazil.  M.  Claussen  [P.]. 


h,i.  <J  jr.  sk.      Sao  Paolo,  Brazil  (Joyner). 
^*.  (5  ad.  sk. 


3.  Tityra  semifaaciata. 

PficbjthjDchtis  semifasdatus,  ^rir,  Av.  Brai.  ii.  p.  S2,  pi.  44.  fig. 

Burm.  i^»t  Ueb.  ii.  p.  457. 
Psaria  semi&BciatUB,  d'Orb.  Vou.,  Oii.  p.  301 ;  Tteh.  Faun.  iVr.,  At 

p.  146. 
Titm  semifiuciata,  Cab.  Wteffm.  Arch.  1847,  pt.  i.  p.  S30;  Cab. 
Sein.  Mm.  Hem.  ii.  p.  83 ;  Bp.  Cotup.  i.  p.  180 ;  Sclater  P.  Z. 
1867,  p.  70;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p  238;  Pefc.  Om.  Brai.  p.  110;  t 
HSalv.Nomenclf.m;  iid.P.Z.S.  1870,  p.  617  (Bolivia);  TVi 
P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  640  (C.  Peru) ;  id.  Om.  Tfr.  ii.  p.  363. 
Titrra  peTSOuata,  Jard.  et  Selb.  IB.  Om.  i.  pL  24  ;  Sclater,  P.  Z. 
1867,  p.  70,  1860,  p.  68  (Belize),  1860,  p.  296  (Esmeraldaa), 
1854,  p.  176  (Mexico) :  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  238 ;  Sclat.  et  Saiv.  L 
1860,  p.  124;  iid.  F.Z.S.  1864,  p.  361  (Panama),  1870,  p.  * 
(HonJuraaJ,  1873,  p.  284  (E.  Peru),   1870,  p.  617  {AntioquL 
iid.  Nomencl.  p.  56;   Cab.  et  Hein.  Mvs.  Hein.   ii.  p.  83;  Za 
Attn.  Lye.  N.  ¥.  vii.  p.  296  (Colombia),  ii.  pp.  116  (Costa  Eii 
204  (N.  Yucatan) ;   Cat,.  J.f.  0.  1861,  p.  262  (Costa  Bica)  ;  S 
P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  140,  et  1870,  p.  109  ( Veiagua) ;  id.  IbU,  1872,  p. ; 
(Chontalee);  Frantx.  J.f.  O.  I860,  p.  300  (Costa  Kica);  Bi 
P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  65  (Coata  ilica),  et  1883,  p.  448  (YucaU 
Salt.et  Oodm.lbi>,  1880,  p.  160  (Sta.   MarU);  Bidffw.  P.  I 
If.  M.  T.  pp.  307,  600  (Costa  Rica),  ri.  p.  393  (Nicaragua);  B 
J.f,  O.  1884,  p.  305  (Bucaramanga). 
Pmtis  meiicanuB,  Lea.  Eev.  Zool.  1830,  p.  41. 
-  Pearis  titjroides,  Leu.  Sev.  Zool.  1842,  p.  210, 
Htyra  meiicana,  Sclater,  P.  Z  S.  185C,  pp.  141,  297. 
Clear  vhitevith  a  alight  greyiBh  tinge;  front  half  of  crown,  si 
of  head,  chin,  and  wings,  except  outer  secondariea,  black ;  tail  wh 
with  a  broad  black  eubapical  hand ;  bill  with  the  basal  half  i 
apical  halt  black ;  feet  black ;  whole  length  8'5  inchea,  wing 
tail  3.     Female  similar  bat  not  so  bright,  head  brownish,  b 
tinpod  with  brow 


1.   TXTTKA. 


331 


r.  $  ad.  sk. 
«.  (^  ad.  fik. 
<.  c^  ad.  ak. 
tt.  c^  ad.  sk. 

9.  $  ad.  ak. 

10.  $  ad.  ak. 
*,  y.  d  ?  acL 

sk. 
s.  c^  ad.  sk. 
a,  &'.  c^  ad. ; 

0*.  $  ad.  ak. 
<r.  (^  ad.  sk. 
e'.  (^  ad.  sk. 
/.  J  ad.  sk. 

^.  (^  ad.  sk. 
V.  ^  ad.  sk. 
t^.  c^  ad.  sk. 
/,  k\  d  ?  ad. 

sk. 
f.  (^  ad.  sk. 
m'.  (^  ad.  sk. 
tt\  (^  ad.  sk. 
o',;>'.  cJSad. 

sk. 
y*.  (J  ad.  sk. 
r'.  $  ad.  sk. 
»',/'.  d  5  ad.sk. 
y!,  c?  ad.  sk. 
v\  5  ad.  sk. 


San  Pedro,  Honduras  (  WMtely). 
Chontales,  Nicaragua  (BeU). 
Omat^pec,  Nicaragua  {Nutting), 
Cache,  Costa  Rica  {Rogers) » 
Turrialba,  Costa  Rica  (Arc^. 
San  Jos^y  Costa  Rica  {Frantzius), 
Caloveyora,  Veragua  (Arcf). 

Bugaba,  Chiriqui  {Arc^). 

Lion  Hill,  Panama  {McLeannan), 

Isthmus  of  Panama  (Arcf). 
Minca,  U.  S.  C.  {Simons). 
Remedios,    Antioquia,  U.  S.  C. 

{Salmon). 
Santa  Marta,  Colombia. 
Santa  Marta,  Colombia. 
Venezuela  {Ihfson). 
Esmeraldas,  Ecuador  {Fraser). 

Balzar  Mts.,  Ecuador  {Illingicorth). 
Yauavacu,  Ecuador  (BnckU^j). 
San  Jos^,  Ecuador  (BucU/^i/). 
Yquitos,  ITp.  Amazons  (  Whitehj). 

River  Ucayali  {Ilauxwell), 

Para. 

Simacu,  Bolivia  (Buckley). 

Bolivia. 

Cayenne  (?). 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
R.  B.  Shaipe,  Esq. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sclater  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

J.  Gould,  Esq. 
R.  Graham,  Esq. [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Sclater  Coll. 


4.  Tityra  inqnisitor. 

Lanius  inquisitor,  Licht.  Douhl.  p.  50. 

Psaris  erythrogenys,  Selb.  Zool.  Jouni.  ii.  p.  483 ;  Sw.  Nat.  Lihr., 

Fkf catch,  p.  82,  pi.  .3 ;  Less.  Tr.  d'Orn.  p.  370  (  $  ). 
Psans  jardinii,  Siv.  Zool.  III.  nor.  2,  vol.  i.  pi.  35. 
Psaris  nattererii,  Siv.  An.  in  Menarj.  p.  28(3  (<5  juv.). 
Psaris  selbii,  Stv.  An.  in  Menag.  p.  286. 
Psaris  inquisitor,  cTOrb.  Voy.^  Ois.  p.  302 ;  Kaup,  P.  Z.S.  1851,  p.  47; 

Burnt.  Syst.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  456. 
Tityra  inquisitor,  Cah.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1847,  pt.  i.  p.  239 ;  Bp.  Camp.  i. 

p.  180 ;   Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  51  ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  230 ;  Pelz. 

Om.Bras.ia.  120 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nmeticl.  p.  56 ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1879, 

p.  617  (BoUvia). 
Exetastes  inquisitor,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  84. 

Above  greyish  white ;  whole  cap,  including  ear-coverts,  wings 
except  outer  secondaries,  and  tail,  except  at  the  base,  black  : 
beneath  white  ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  7  inches,  wing  4*4, 
tail  2'7.  Female  similar,  but  car-coverts  and  front  rufous,  and  back 
more  cinereous. 

Hab.  Cayenne,  Brazil,  Bolivia,  Colombia,  and  Ecuador. 


a.  2  ad.  St. 

b.  S  ad.  sk. 

c.  $  ad.  sk. 


S.  America. 

Cayenne. 

Cayenne. 


Purchased. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Purchased. 


332  coTmoiDS. 

d.  (f  ad.  Bk.       Braidl.  Sclater  Coll. 

«.  (f  ad.  sk.       Brazil  SttlTin-Godman  Co 

/.  d  ad.  sk.       Felotas,  lUo  Grande  do  Sul,Brazil  SslviD-Qodnuui  Cu 

{Joffner). 

a.  $  ad.  gk.       Bc^ota.  J.  Oould,  Esq. 

A.  <;  ad.  flk.       Yauajacu,  Ecuador  (Suckle;/).  Salvin-Godman  Co 

5.  Ktyra  albitorqnes. 

ntrraalbitoniues,  Duiui,  Bvil.  Acad.  Brux.  liv. pt.  2,  p.  104  (1847 
tk  Sev.  Zool.  1848,  p.  244 ;  S<:later,  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  pp.  77,  160  (K 
gota),  1867,  p,  71,  1869,  pp.  6«  (Belize)  «t  384  (Oaxaca);  id.  C. 
A.  J.  p.  239 ;  «c/.  et  Salt.  Ibis,  1800,  p.  400  (Vera  Paz) ;  iid.  P.  Z. 
1867,  pp.  751,  757  (E.  Peru),  1873,  p.  a84  {,E.  Peru),  1879,  p.  6 
(Antioquia) ;  iid.  Namend.  p.  56 ;  Lawr.  Am.  Lye.  N.  T.  v 
p.  296  (Colombia),  viii.  p.  182  (Nicaragua),  ix.  p.  116  (Coata  Rics 
Frantz.  J.  f.  O.  I860,  p.  SOO  (Costa  Rica) ;  iW=.  Oh.  Bn 
p.  120;  Sato,  et  Godm.  Ibis,  1880,  p.  169  (Sta.  Marta);  Ta 
jP.Z.S.  1882,  p.  23(N.E.  Peru);  Tacz.  et  Berl.  P.Z.S.  18c 
p.  559  (W.  Ecuador). 

PBariBfraserii,  iimp,  P.Z.S  1861,  p.  47,  pis.  37  (J),  38(S).' 

Ti^  fraseri,  Sale.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  199  (Veragua) ;  Sd.  et  Sa 
P.Z.S.  1870,  p.  837  (Honduraa);  Od.  Nomenel.  p.  56;  Boi 
P.  Z  5. 1883,  p.  449  (yucdtan). 

Exetastes  albiton^ues,  Cofi.  et  Hein.  Mua.  Heitt.  ii.  p.  84. 

Htyra  albitorques  fraseri,  Eidgie.  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  t.  p.  397  (Cw 

Above  greyish  white ;  whole  cap  and  wings  except  outer  seco 
daries  black ;  tail  white,  with  a  broad  black  Bubapical  baud  :  bonea 
whit« ;  bill  and  feet  black  :  whole  length  7'5  iaches,  wing 
tail  2'5.  Femalt  eimUar,  but  front  and  eides  of  head  rufous,  a; 
bodf  above  brownish  cinereona. 

ffah.    From   Mexico  southwards  through  Central  America 


2.   HADR08T0MU8.  333 

ft,  0.  (^  $  ad.  ak.  Remedioe,  Antioquia,  U.  S.  C.  (Sal-    Sclater  Coll. 

man). 
!»,  9.  (^  $  ad.    Bogota.  Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 

r.  J  ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Purchased. 

<.  $  ad.  ak.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

/,  tt.  c^  $  ad.  Valencia,  U.  S.  C.  (Simons).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

8k. 

VfW.S2  ^^  Belzai  Mis.,  Ecuador  (lUinffworth).  Salvin-Qodmaii  Coll. 

ak. 

X.  cJ  ad.  ak.  Chyavetas,  Peru  {Bartlett).  Sclater  Coll. 

y.  S  ad.  sk.  Mato  Grosso,  Brazil  (Natterer).  Sclater  Coll. 

2.  HADROSTOMTJS  ♦.  rr 

Type. 
Hadrostomus,  CbA.  et  Hein,  Mtts.  Ilein.  ii.  p.  84  (1850)  II.  atricapillus. 
Platypearis,  Bp,  MS.  (teste  Gray)  (cf.  ScL  P.  Z.  S.  1857, 
p.  74) II.  aglaise. 

ffadrostonius  is  intarmediato  in  form  between  Titijra  and  Pachy- 
rhamphus.  The  males  are  mostly  black  or  cinereous,  the  females 
very  different,  of  various  shades  of  brown.  The  genus  has  nearly 
the  same  distribution  on  the  American  continent  as  Tityra,  and  is 
beaidea  ^represented  by  a  peculiar  species  in  the  Antilles. 

Key  to  the  Specks. 

A.  Without  a  rosy  pectoral  band. 

)  Lower  surtace  dirty  white 1.  atricnpiUuH,  p.  ;},*53. 

Lower  surface  black   '2.  niyer^  p.  ^{.34. 

Lower  surface  grey    3.  homochrons,  p.  334. 

R  With  a  rosy  pectoral  band. 

{Lower  surface  white 4.  albivenfrisy  p.  3,*35. 

Lower  surface  grey     5.  tujlnuej  p.  33o, 

Lower  surface  blackiyh 0.  tnvior,  p.  337. 

1.  Hadrostomus  atricapillns. 

Caracterizado  canela  y  cabeza  iicgra,  Azara^  Apunt.  ii.  p.  182. 
Tityra  atricapilla,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Did.  iii.  p.  347  (1810)  ;  id.  Enc. 

kith.  p.  859. 
Tityra  rufa,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Did.  iii.  p.  ZA7 ;  id.  Enc.  Meth.  p.  859. 
I^anius  validus,  Licht.  Doubl.  p.  50. 
Pachyrhynchus  cinerasceus,  Spix^  Av.  Bras.  ii.  p.  34,  pi.  46.  fig.  1 

(c?  pv.). 
Psaris  cristatus,  Sw.  Zool.  Journ.  ii.  p.  355  ;  id.  Zool.  111.  ser.  2,  vol.  i. 

pl.*41. 
Psaris  strigatus,  Sw.  An.  in  Mniag.  p.  287. 
Pachyrhynchus  megacephalus,  Sw.  An.  in  Menag.  p.  *2S7. 
Psaris  affinis,  Less.  Rev.  Zool.  1840,  p.  354. 
Psaris  validus,  Uartl.  Ind.  Azar.  p.  14 ;  Kaup^  P.  Z.  S.  1851,  p.  46. 

*  8ceal«o:- 

(1)  Hadrosfomm  audax,  Cab.  J.  f.  O.  1873,  p.  08;  Tact  P.  Z.  a  1874 

p.  540  (0.  Peru) ;  id.  Cm.  P4r.  ii.  p.  356. 

(2)  Platypsaris  insularis,  Ridgw.  Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  382  (Tree  Marias  la.). 


Abore  oliTO-green ;  'wings  and  tail  blackish  brown,  slightly 
with  ollTe-green;  luge  vOTtical  patch,  ocoupying  the  ba«es  < 
feathen,  lemon-yellow :  beneath  paler,  threat  more  cinereous, 
more  yeilowisb ;  bill  and  feet  pale  brown :  whole  length  5  i 
wing  2-6,  tul  2-2. 

ifoi.  8.E.  Brazil. 


Tail  ot  3tt«roeer«»  UnteaiMt  from  beneath. 


This  IB  a  very  singular  type,  remarkable  for  the  peculiar  ft 
the  tul  and  the  nearly  smooth  rictua.     The  foot-structure  a 


19.   HBTEBOCBBOXTS.  325 

with  olive-green ;  cap  and  sides  of  head  black,  with  a  large  central 
patch  of  scarlet :   beneath,  throat  white,  pectoral  band  blackish ; 
abdomen  chestnut ;  under  wing-coverts  and  flanks  dull  cinereous ; 
biU  black ;  feet  brown :  whole  length  5*5  inches,  wing  3*5,  tail  2. 
Hah,  Upper  Amazonia. 

a,  (^  ad.  sk.  Upper  Amazons  (Bates),  Sclater  Coll. 


2.  HeterocercTis  flavivertez. 

El»nia  linteata,  Strickl.  Contr.  Om.  1850,  p.  121,  pi.  63  (?). 
Heterocercus  flavivertex,  Peh,  Om,  Bras,  pp.  125,  186 ;  Scl,  et  Salv, 
Nomencl,  p.  66. 

Above  olive-green  ;  coronal  patch  yellow ;  ear-coverts  blackish ; 
wings  and  tail  dark  ashy,  slightly  edged  with  green :  beneath,  throat 
white,  abdomen  chestnut,  middle  of  belly  and  crissum  paler  ;  under 
wing-coverts  and  flanks  cinereous  ;  bill  blackish  ;  feet  dark  cinereous : 
whole  length  5*5  inches,  wing  3-5,  tail  2.  Female,  Above  olive- 
green  :  beneath  lighter,  throat  cinereous,  middle  of  belly  ochraceous. 

Hah,  Upper  Amazonia. 

ayh,  (S  2  *d'  ^'       1^0  Negro  {Natterer).  Sclater  Coll. 

(Authentic  Rpecimens.) 

c,d,   cJ  5  ad.  sk.       Oyapoc,  Cayenne.  Sclater  Coll. 

*>/•   c^  ?  ^'  sk.        Oyapoc,  Cayenne.  l^irchased. 

g,  <S  ad.  sk.  Oyapoc,  Cayenne.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

h,   <S  jr.  sk.  Cnaraicuros,  Peruv.  Amazons  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

{Bartktt). 

i,   $  ad.  sk.  Chamicuros, Peruv.  Amazons.  E.  Bartlett  [P.]. 


3.  Heterocercus  anrantiivertex.    (Plate  XXIII.) 

Heterocercus  aurantiivertex,  Scl,   et  Salv.   P,  Z,  S.  1880,  p.  167 
(Ecuador). 

Above  olive-green,  large  coronal  patch  bright  orange ;  wings  and 
tail  blackish,  slightly  edged  with  olive-green ;  beneath  fulvous,  throat 
white,  flanks  passing  into  olivaceous  ;  bill  horn-colour ;  feet  pale 
brown :  whole  length  4-5  inches,  wing  3*4,  tail  2. 

Hah,  Eastern  Ecuador. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  {Buckley).      Sclater  Coll.  ) 

6,  c.  Ad.  sk.         Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley).      Salvin-Godman  Coll.  f 

(Types  of  the  species.) 


33d  comeiDA. 

(Costo  ffica) ;  Scl  el  Sale.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  837  (HonduiaB) ;  i 
NtmieiKl.  p.  66 ;  Souc.  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  449  (Yucatan). 

Flatypssria  aglaie,  Ridgte.  Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  324, 

Pachyrhamphus  latirostria,  lip.   Coriipt.  Rend.  xiXTiii.  p.  668 ; 
Xot.  Ont.  p.  87 ;  iSd.  P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  74. 

HadTOBtomua  ladrostriB,  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p,  240. 

Platjpearis  latiTOBtris,  Sidgto.  Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  325. 

Above  ciaereouB  ;  cap  black ;  patch  at  the  base  of  the  scapuli 
whit«  :  beneath  paler  cinereous  ;  throat  and  chest  bright  rosy  rei 
bill  and  feet  black :  vhole  length  6*5  inches,  ning  3*6,  tail  2 
Female.  Above  rufous ;  outer  edges  of  wings  and  whole  tail  brig 
ferruginous  ;  cap  black :  beneath  pale  cinnumameons. 

Hah.  Central  America  from  Southern  Mexico  to  Nicaragua. 

In  some  males  of  thia  species  the  rosy  throat  is  evanescent  a: 
the  tinge  barely  perceptible.  On  such  a  specimen  was  founded, 
I  believe,  Packyrhampkua  latiroitrU,  Bp.  There  are  similar  spei 
mens  from  Vera  Paz  in  the  present  series. 


a.   (J  ad.;  6.   <J 

Mexico. 

jr.  Bt. 

c.  S  ad.  ak. 

d.  S  ad.;  e.  6 
jr.  sk. 

/.  cJjr.sk. 

y.  (Jjr.ak. 

A.  (f  ad.  ak. 
.-.  <J  ad.  ak.      . 

Jalapa,  Mexico. 

Jalapa,  Mexico  (rfe  Oea).       . 

Salvin-Godman  Cc 
Sclater  CoU. 

Tonala,    Chiapas,    Meuco 

(Sumichrast). 
Cacoprieto,      Tehuautepec, 

UetiCo  (SumichroH). 
Southern  Mexico  {Boucard). 
Tizimin,  Nortbeni  Yucatan 

{Gaumer). 
Northern  1  ucatan  (  Gatimer). 
MiTiJu,  Yucatan  (Oaumer). 
J0IU.X  I.,  Yucatan  (Gf„m>«-). 
Cozumel  Island  {Dei-ii). 

Salvin-OodmaD  Cc 

Salvin-Godman  Co 

Sclatflr  Coll. 
Salriii-Godman  Co 

J.  2ad.sk. 

k.  J  nd.  sk. 
/.  9  ad.  ak. 
m    .Ir  «>. 

Salvin-Godman  Co 
Sflali'r  Coll. 
Salvin-Goflman  Co 
Salvin-Godman  Co 

3.   PACHTEHAMPHTTB.  337 

6.  Hadrofltomns  minor, 

Querola  minoT,  Lesa,  Tr,  ^Om,  i.  p.  363. 

Ptaris  TOfleicoUis,  Jard,  et  Setb,  III.  Om.  iv.  pL  28 ;  dOrh,  "et  [Lafr, 
Sun.  Av,  1.  p.  42 ;  tTOrb.  Vot/.,  Ois.  p.  302. 

PacnyrliTiiclius  pectoralis,  Sw.  An.  in  menag,  p.  288. 

Pachyrhamphus  pectoralis,  Sclater,  P,  Z.  S,  1857,  p.  73. 

Pachjrhainphus  minor,  Cab,  Wiegm.  Arch,  1847,  pt.  L  p.  241 ;  Bp. 
Cdnsp,  i.  p.  180. 

Ptoris  pectoralis,  Kaup,  P.  Z.  S.  1861,  p.  46. 

Hadrostomus  minor,  Cah.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  85 ;  8d.  CaU 
A.  B,  p.  240 ;  ScL  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  190  (R.  Ucayali), 
1867,  p.  579  (L.  Amazons),  1873,  p.  284  (E.  Peru),  1879,  p.  617 
(Bolivia) ;  tV^.  Nomencl.  p.  66 ;  Pelz.  Om.  Bras.  p.  120 ;  Tacz. 
P.  Z.  S.  1882,  p.  23  (N.E.  Peru) ;  Salv.  Ibis,  1886,  p.  302  (Br.  Guiana). 

Pachyrhamphus  roseicolKs,  Scl,  P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  73  (Bolivia)  ? 

Above  sooty-black,  rather  lighter  on  the  rump,  wings,  and  tail ; 
concealed  spot  at  the  base  of  the  scapularies  white  :  beneath  dark 
cinereous,  with  a  rosy-red  cervical  band  ;  blotch  at  the  base  of  the 
primaries  inside  white  ;  bill  and  feet  black  :  whole  length  6  inches, 
wing  3*5,  tail  2'6,  Female.  Above  cinereous  ;  rump,  edges  of  wing- 
feathers,  and  whole  tail  chestnut-red  :  beneath  pale  cinnamomeous. 

Hab,  Cayenne,  Guiana,  Amazonia,  and  Colombia. 

a.  (^  ad.  St.  S.  America.  Purchased. 

b,  c,  cf  $  ad.  sk.      Cayenne.  Sclater  Coll. 

<^i  ^.  djr.  sk.  Camacusa,  British    Guiana        Salv in-Godman  Coll. 

(  Whitely). 

f,  cT  ad.  sk.  Bartica  Grove,  British  Guiana     Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Whitehj). 

g,  $  ad.  sk.  British  Guiana.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
A,  t.  (S  $  ad.  sk.      Para,  Lower  Amazons  (  Wal-      Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

lace). 

j,  $  ad.  sk.  Para,  Lower  Amazons  ( Wal"  Sclater  Coll. 

lace^. 

k,  9  ad.  sk.  Chamicuros  (Hauxtcell).  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

/,  $  ad.  sk.  Yquitos,    Upper    Amazons  Salvin-Gocjman  Coll. 

{imtehj). 

m,  5  ad.  sk.  Upper  Ucavali.  E.  Bartlett  [P.]. 

n.  cT  &d.  sk.  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (i?wrAr/ri/).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

o,  c^*  ad.  sk.  Samiria,     Upper    Amazons  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Hatwivell). 

p,  (S  ftd.  sk.  J^ogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

q.  cJ  ad.  sk.  South  America.  Sclater  CoU. 

3.  PACHYRHAMPHUS.  ^p^ 

Pachyrhynchus,  Spix,  Av.  Bras.  ii.  p.  31  (1825)     ....  P.  vinois. 
Pachyrhamphus,  Gi-ay,  List  Gen.  B.  p.  31  (1840)  ....  P.  viridis. 

Chloropsaris,  Kaup^  P.  Z.  S,  1851,  p.  45 ..*...  P.  viridis. 

I^tetes,  Cab,  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein,  ii.  p.  87  (1859)  ....  P.  niger. 
Bathmidurus,  Cai.  Wiegtn.Arch.-sm.  pt.  i.  p.  243  (1847)  P.  atiicapilluB. 
Callopsaris,  Bp.  Ann,  So,  Nat.  s^n  4,  Zool,  t.  i.  p.  134 
(1»54)    ^ P.  versicolor. 

Under  Pachyrhamphus  \  place   all   the  smaller  and   weaker 

VOL.  XIV.  2 


members  o£  the  Tityrijio  Bubfamily.  The  sexes  are  ususDy  qoilc 
diJfGrent  in  plomoge,  but  in  two  species  (qos.  7  &  S)  the  malu 
appeiLTB  to  be  alwa}:^  clad  iti  fomulo  attire,  and  the  sexes  are  there- 
fore alike.  Pachyrhampkvs  estendg  all  over  tropical  America  from 
South  Mexico  to  Argentina. 

The  nest-s  and  eggs  of  two  species  of  this  genus  have  been  described 
by  Eiiler  (J.  i.  0.  lSti7,  pp.  223,  224).  The  eggs  are  of  a  nniform 
choGolBte-browD,  unspotted. 

Key  to  the  Spedet. 

A.  Lesserwin?-covertoblackinmRiea,rufousin 

femnlps ;  bead  in  males  block. 
a.  Back  green. 

)  Breart  yeMow  1.  vtridu,  p.  338. 

I  Breast  gruyish  nbite '2.  yriteiotdaris,  p.  338. 

(,  Back  black. 

1  Under  surface  with  cross  bars  3.  verfieolor,  p.  SSU. 

j  Under  surfiice  white 4.  surinamm,  p,  340. 

B.  MaleBaboveoioreurleascinereouswitiikead 

block ;  feoiales  all  rufous, 

I  Beneath  white 6.  eintrna,^.  341. 

)  Beneath  cinereous  6.  tpodiurut,  p.  ^1. 

C.  Both  seies  all  rufous. 

)  Nape  uuiform 7.  aimamtmtfiie,  p.  343. 

J  Nape  cinereous    8.  rufui,  p.  343. 

D.  Mali's  black  or  cinereous,  with  broad  white 

ends  to  the  rectrices  :  females  ohvaceeus  or 
rufous,  more  or  loss  yellowish  beneath, 
c.  Crown  and  frtrnt  black ;  no  white  lores. 

a'.  Beneath  black    U.  niger,  p.  343, 

b'.  Beneath  cinereous. 

I  Smaller :  clearer  beneath   10.  chirrfiirmtru,  p.  344. 

I  Larger:  darker  beneath. 11.  f>olgtAroplerut,p.3i5. 

il.  Crown blBck;n9rrowwbit<i front undlorps. 

(''.  Larger :  Interscapuliunt  bluck IS.  majur,  p.  346. 

(f.  Smaller. 

I  Interscapulium  cinereous 13.  nlbogrUfui,  p.  317, 

I  Intenwapulium  mixed  with  blackish  14.  alrii:apiUiui,f.a7. 

1.  ^achyrhamphos  Tiridia. 

Caractenzndo  verde  corona  ne^ra,  Azara,  Apunt.  ii.  p.  184. 

Tityta  viridis,  Vieiil.  Nuue.  Diet.  iii.  p.  348  (1810) ;  irf.  Em:  Mitk. 

p.  800. 
Psariscuvierii,  Sio.  Zm/. /«.  i.  pi.  xirii.;  Kaiiji,  P.  2.  S.  1851,p,4.i. 
I'ktyrhynchus  dupontii,  Vmii,  Ene.  Milh.  p.  »43. 
MusdcBpB  nipriceps,  Lieht.  Doubl.  p.  5f>. 
PachyrbTnchus  curieri,  ^i'jt.  An.  Bran.  ii.  p  33,  pL  «!v.  tig.  2  {  Stv. 

Nat.  IUt.,  Fl^eateA.  p.  8S,  pi.  tv. 
MuscipetA  HiKricniB,  Afiu:  Betlr.  iii.  p.  t)14  (g  et  S )' 
Titym  lieitlolii,  Jiird.  ft  SeOt.  III.  Om.  1.  pi.  i,  fig.  1  (  J ). 
pBchyrhampbus  viridis,  Sel.  P,  Z.  S,  18G7,  p.  7C  :  uf.  Cat.  A.  S. 

p.24U;   Oob.aSein.Miu.Jlrin.u.p.m;  hlt.Om.  Bnu.^lM; 

Sl-I.  ft  8alv.  Xomaui.  f.6&i  Sai.J.f.0. 1873, p.  263  (S.  Brwtil); 

Taa.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  540 ;  id  Om.  Pfr.  ii.  p.  359 ;  Brrt.  et  Jhrr. 

ZMschr.  gee.  Om.  ifeC,  p.  44  (Rio  Urande  do  Sul). 


3.   PACHYBHAMPHVS.  339 

Pachyrliamphus  cuvierii,  Cab,   Wiegm,  Ai-cK  1847,  pt  i.  p.  242 ; 

Bp,  Corup,  i.  p.  180. 
Pacnjrhamphus  Digricepe,  Burm,  Syst,  Ueb,  ii.  p.  454 ;  Eider ,  J.  f.  0, 

1867,  p.  224  (nest). 
PachjrIiamphiLs  vieilloti,  Hartl,  Verz.  Mus.  Brem,  p.  51  ( J  ). 

Above  green,  wings  and  tail  blackish,  edged  with  green  ;  crown 
black ;  back  of  neck  and  sides  of  head  grey  ;  lores  and  front  white : 
beneath  white ;  breast  and  under  wing-coverts  yellow ;  bill  and 
feet  dark  plumbeous :  whole  length  6*5  inches,  wing  2*8,  tail  2'2. 
Female  similar,  but  crown  green  like  the  back,  and  lesser  wing- 
coverts  bright  rufous. 

Nab.  S.E.  Brazil. 

a,b.  (S  2  ^^' St.  Brazil.  Purchased. 

c.  (^  ad.  sk.  Pemambuco,  Brazil  {Cracen).  Sclater  Coll. 

djB,  c?  ad.  sk.  Pemarabuco,  Brazil  {Forhes).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

f-%.  cJ  ad. ;,/,  k.  Bahia,  Brazil  (Wuch^rer).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

2  ad.  sk. 

/.  (S  ad.  sk.  Bahia.  Sudbury  Mus.  [E.]. 

m.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Novo  Fribourgo,  Rio  ( Youds).  Salvin-uodman  Coll. 

n.  <J  jr.  sk.  Sao  Paolo,  Brazil  {Joyner).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

o,  p.  cJ  ad. ;  q,  r,  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 


$  ad.  sk. 


2.  Pachyrhamphus  griseigularis. 


Pachyrhamphus  prriseigularis,  JSalv.  et  Godm.  Ibis,  1883,  p.  208,  et 
1884,  p.  448  (Brit.  Guiana)  ;  Sal  v.  Ibis,  1885,  p.  302,  pi.  viii. 
(Brit.  Guiana). 

Above  green ;  crown  black ;  lores  white  ;  wings  black,  secon- 
daries slightly  edged  with  greenish ;  tail  blackish,  slightly  edged 
with  green :  beneath  greyish  white  ;  sides  of  neck  and  Hanks  tinged 
with  green ;  under  wing-coverts  pale  yellow ;  bill  and  feet  dark 
plumbeous :  whole  length  5*5  inches,  wing  3,  tail  2*2.  Female 
similar,  but  head  green  like  the  back,  and  wing-coverts  chestnut- 
red. 

Hab.  British  Guiana. 

This  is  a  very  distinct  species,  allied  to  F.  viridis,  but  distiugiushed 
by  its  grey  under  surface  and  the  want  of  the  cinereous  nape. 

a,  b.  d  ?  ad.  sk.         Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana  Sidvin-Godman  Coll. 

(  Whitvly).  (T}pes  of  the  species.) 

3.  Pach3rrhamphiis  versicolor. 

Vireo  versicolor,  Hartl.  Bev.  Zool.  1848,  p.  289. 

Pachyrhamphus  squamatus,  Lafr,  Bev,  Zool.  1843,  p.  291,  et  1844, 
p.  46. 

Pachyrhamphus  versicolor,  Hartl,  Verz.  Mus,  Brem,  p.  61 ;  Cdb, 
Wiegm.  Arch,  1847,  pt.  i.  p.  243  ;  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  181  (  d*  et  $  )  ;  Scl. 
P,  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  150, 1867,  p.  76  (Bogota),  et  1868,  p.  71  (Rio  Napo)  ; 
id.  Cat,  A,B.ip.  243 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl,  p.  66  ;  iid.  P.  Z,  S,  1879, 
p.  618  (Antioquia)  ;  Tacz.  P,  Z,  S.  1874,  p.  540  (C.  Peru),  1879, 
p.  230  (N.  Peru),  et  1882,  p.  23  (N.E.  Peru)  j  id.  Om.  PSr.  n. 

z2 


).  SOOi  Boue.  P.Zi 


5  (Costtt  Ricji);  Scrl.  el   Taa. 


P.  Z.  S.  1884,  p.  298,  et  IS8ij,  p.  93  (Ecuador). 
Pgoria  Teraicolor,  Kaup,  P.  Z.  S.  1851,  p.  45. 
Psnris  eulphureieoHifl,  Linht.  in  Mus.  Berol. 
CaJlopeans  versicolor,  Cab.  rt  Hfin.  Miv>.  Iletn.  ii.  p.  80  (n 


ite). 


Above  black  ;  Ioks  and  sides  of  head  greenisli ;  lower  back 
cincrcotis  ;  wJogs  block,  coverts  and  secocdnries  edg<^  vith  wliito ; 
tail  grey,  vith  slight  white  tips  to  the  laterul  feuthent :  lieneath 
wliit«;  throat  aod  breast  tinged  with  jellowisii  green,  and  covpred 
with  numerous  fine  transverse  hands  of  bittckish,  more  or  less  distinct ; 
middle  of  IwUy  paler :  under  wing-coverts  and  inner  margins  of 
wing-t'cQthers  wlut^ ;  hill  and  feet  dark  plumbcoua :  whole  length 
5  inches,  wing  2-0,  tail  2'I.  Fcmalt  aimOar,  hut  head  plumbeous, 
upper  back  greenish,  wing-coverta  and  outer  margins  of  wing' 
feathers  rufous,  and  body  below  more  yellowiah  and  lean  dietincUy 
haired, 

Unb.  Colombia  and  Ecuador. 

This  species  stands  alone  in  the  genus  in  showing  numerous 
transverse  hare  on  the  lower  Burfacc. 

a,  6.  (J  $  ad.  st,     li'igotii.  Purchased, 

c,  d.  cf  ad. ;  e,f.    Bogotu,  Schiler  Cull. 

?  Hd,  sk. 
J?,  A,  cJ  $  nd.  sk. 

/.  ^  ad.  ak. 


Salvin-Gndinan  Coll. 
Purehiwed. 
Snlvin-Qiidman  Coll. 


Bogot«. 
Ikigota. 
Medrllin,  Aniioquia,  V.  S. 

InlBC,  Ecuador  (Suchlry). 
Inlnc,  Ecuador  (ItHckley). 


4.  FacliyThaiiiphiiB  ntrinamtis. 
lama,  i.nn.  S.  JK  i.  p.  32B. 
1,  Sfnfk/.  Qmtr.  Om.  Ib48,  p.  02.  pi.  xi.  (cT  nd.). 

id.  Cat.  A.  27. 


,    ,    Coiup.i.V-  Ifl 
I'achvrhamphus  surinnmus,  firt,  P.  Z,  S.  16G7, 

p.  ^41 ;  &l.  et  Sain.  A'omencl.  p.  56. 
Zetetes  ourinamufl,  Cab.  et  Sein.  M«i.  JI»n.  ii.  p.  88. 
BatbiQidunis  melanoleiicu?  rf  (excl.  Bjn.),  Cab.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1847, 

pt.i.  p.  244(?). 
Pachyihoniphus  dimidiatus,  De  Filijyfii,  Col.  Mut.  Medial,  p,  91. 

Above  shining  black,  with  steel-bloish  spots  on  the  head  ;  lai^ 
patch  on  the  sides  of  the  buck,  at  the  base  of  the  eeapulariee,  white ; 
beneath  pure  white ;  under  wing-coverta,  inner  mai^ins  of  wing- 
feathers,  and  tips  of  outer  rcctrices  white  ;  bill  dark  plumlwous  ; 
feet  black  T  whole  length  b-'A  inches,  wing  3' I,  tail  2'3.  Fenialt, 
Head  and  outer  wing-margins  dark  ferruginous :  upper  back 
cincreons  ;  lower  back  and  whole  under  surface  white. 

Bah.  Cayenne. 
a,  h.  2  sd,  *t.  tlayenno.  Purchased, 

f ,  (?.  rf  5  nd.  flk.  ('ayeone.  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  (f  lid,  «li.  Cayenne.  PiuvLawid. 


3.  PACETRHAMPHU8.  341 


5.  FachyrliamphiiB  cinerens. 

Manakin  cendr^  de  Cayenne,  Daub.  PI.  Enl.  687.  fig.  1. 

Pipra  cinerea,  Badd,  fable  d,  PL  E/il.  p.  43. 

Pipra  atricapillai  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  p.  1003. 

Lanius  mitratus,  Licht,  Doubl.  p.  50. 

Pachyrhjnclms  leucogaster,  Sto.  An.  in  Menag.  p.  289. 

Psaris  atricapillus,  Kaup,  P.  Z.  S.  18ol,  p.  45. 

Pachyrhynchus  simplex,  Less.  JEchod.  M.  S.  1844,  p.  231 ;  Hard.  Rev, 
2bo/.  1846,  p.  2. 

Pachyrhamphus  mitratua,  Bunn.  Sf/st.  Ueb,  ii.  p.  454. 

Pachyrhamphus  atricapillus,  Cab.  Wieijm.  Arch.  18  47,  pt.  i.  p.  242 ; 
id.  in  Scho7nb.  Guian.  iii.  p.  698;  Bp.  CoMp.  i.  p.  181. 

Pachyrhamphus  cinereus,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  18-'>7,  p.  75 ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B. 
p.  241 ;  dab.  et  Ilein.  Mas.  Ilein.  ii.  p.  80 ;  Lawr.  Ann.  Lye.  N, 
Y.  vii.  p.  330  (Colombia) ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  18(U,  p.  301 
(Panama),  1806,  p.  100  (U.  Ucavali),  1807,  p.  579  (L.  Amazons), 
et  1873,  p.  284  (E.  Peru):  tid.  ^omencl.  p.  50;  Pelz.  Orn.  Bras. 
p.  121  ;   Tacz.  Orn.  Per.  ii.  p.  .300. 

Psaris  parinus,  Kaup^  P.  Z.  S.  1851,  p.  48. 

Pachyrnamphus  griseus,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  18  (Bogota). 

Above  cinereous ;  cap  black ;  front  and  lores  white ;  wings 
blackish,  secondaries  and  coverts  edged  with  white  :  tail  dark  grey 
with  slight  white  terminations  :  beneath  white,  sides  greyish  ;  bill 
dark  plumbeous  ;  feet  blackish  :  whole  length  4*7  inches,  wing  2*7, 
tail  1'9.  Female.  Above  chestnut-red :  beneath  pale  cinnarao- 
meous ;  throat  and  middle  of  belly  white. 

Hob.  Panama,  Colombia,  Venezuela,  Guiana,  Cayenne,  and  Lower 
Amazonia. 

a,  b.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Lion   Ilill,   Panama    (Mc  8aIvin-Godman  Coll. 

Lean/ia?i). 

Cf  d.  (^  2  ^^'  sk.  Line  of  Kailway,  Panama  (Arc^).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e.  2  ^'  sk.  Chepo,  Panama  (Arce).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/.  (^  ad.  sk.  Panama  {Hiujhvs).  Sclater  Coll. 

g.  (S  ad.  sk.  Santa  Marta,  U.  8.  C.  Sclater  Coll. 

h.  S  ad. ;  i.  (S  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

jr.  sk. 

j.  S  ad.  sk.  Trinidad.  Purchased. 

k.  S  ad.  sk.  Trinidad.  Sclater  Coll. 

/.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Cayenne  (Jehki).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

m,  ti.  cf  2  ad.  sk.  Cayenne.  Sclater  Coll. 

o.  2  ad.  sk  Paramaribo,  Surinam.  E.  Bartlett  [C.]. 

p.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Para,  Upper  Amazons  (^Wallace).  Sclater  Coll. 

q.  2  ad.  sk.  Mexiana.  Sclater  Coll. 

r.  cJ  ad. ;  8,t.  2  Para.  R.   Graham,    Esq. 

ad.  St.  [P.l. 

u.  (S  ad.  st.  S.  America.  Purchased. 


6.  Pachyrhamplins  spodinms.    (Plate  XXV.) 

Pachyrhamphus  spodiurus,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  pp.  270, 296  (Ecuador) ; 
id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  241;  Scl.  ct  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  56;  Tacz.  Orn. 


iW-.  iLp.302j  Beti.e 
(Ecu&doi).    ■ 
PacbjrhamphuB 


842 

i  Taesi.  P.Z.S.  1683,  p.  659,  et  1886, 

,,  Taet.  P.  Z.  &  1882,  p.  2S. 

Above  dork  oinereoua ;  head  and  upper  back  black ;  lores 
winga  and  tail  blackish ;  narrow  edgings  of  wing-coverts,  anc 
of  wing-feathers  and  extreme  tips  of  tail-feathers  whitish :  be 
paler,  nearly  uniform  cinereous,  lighter  on  the  middle  of  the 
broad  inner  margins  of  wing-feathers  white:  whole  lengt 
inches,  wing  3,  tail  2-3.     Female.  Above  dark  chestnut-red ;  be 

Ilab.  Western  Ecuador. 


»,  6.  <J  $  ad.  e 


Babahoyo,  Ecuador  (I'^aier). 
Babfthojo,  Ecuador. 


SclaterColl.  I 
of  the  specie 
L.  Eraser  [C.]. 


7.  PaehfThamphnB  climamomem. 
Pachjrbamphus   cinoamomeuB,  Lamr.  Ann.  L,  N.   Y.  vii. 
(Cobmbia),  viii.  p.  183  (Nicaragua),  et  ii,  p.  110  (Costa  ] 
Frantx.  J.  f.  O.  1869,  p.  309  (Costa  Kica) ;  Sel.  rf  Sale.  F 
1870,  p.  618  (Aatioqiua) ;  Berl.  J.  f.  0.  l!«4,  p.  305  (B 
manga) ;  Ridgic.  Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  3SG. 

■  Above  chostnnt-red ;  wings  blackish,  edged  with  chestnut 
uniform  chestnut :  beneath  pale  cinnamomeons,  whiter  o 
throat  and  middle  of  the  belly ;  bill  and  feet  dark  plumbeous : 
length  6  inches,  wing  3-2,  tail  2-5.  Female  similar  in  plu 
but  second  primary  not  abbreviated. 

Bah.  Central  America,  Colombia,  and  Ecuador. 

In  our  remarks  on  thU  species  (P.  Z.  S.  187S,  p.  518),  Mr.  I 
and  I  huve  expressed  the  j>re.seDt  state  of  our  views  ni)i>u  thi 


3.  PAOHTRHAMPHT78.  343 

s,t.  cT  $  ad*  9k.  Remedios,  Antioquia,  Sdater  Coll. 

U.  S.  C.  (Salmon). 

u.  Ad.  sk.  Balzar  Mts.,  Ecuador  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(lUinffwarih). 

Vfto,  cT  2  ad*  sk*        Bogota.  Sdater  Coll. 

X.  Ad.  A.  Cauta,  U.  S.  C.  E.  W.  Wyatt  [C.]. 

y.  Jr.  8k.  Upper  Ucayali.  E.  Bartlett  [C.J. 

8.  PachyrhamphnB  rofus. 

Gobemouche  roux  de  Cayenne,  Daub.  PI.  Enl.  453.  fig.  1  (?). 

Muscicapa  rufa,  Bodd.  lahle  d.  PL  Enl.  p.  27. 

Musdcapa  rufescena,  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  932 ;  Lath.  Ind.  Orn.  i. 

p.  487. 
Pachyrhynchus  nifescens,  SpLvy  A  v.  Bras.  ii.  p.  .34,  pi.  46.  fig.  2. 
Tityra  castanea,  Jard.  et  S^'ff).  III.  Chii.  pi.  x.  fig.  2. 
Muscipeta  aurantia,  Ma.r.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  91  \  (S  t^t  J ,  descr.  opt.). 
Pachyrhynchus  ruficeps,  Sw.  An.  in  Menag.  p.  288. 
Pachyrhamphus  rufescens,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  18^57,  p.  70  (Brazil)  j  Pelz, 

Orn.  Bras.  p.  122 ;  Tacz.  Orn.  Pir.  ii.  p.  308. 
Pachyrhamphus  rufu8,  Bei-l.  J.f.  O.  1873,  p.  204  (S.  Brazil) ;  Scl.  et 

Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  518. 
Pachyrhamphus  interraedius,  Berl.  Orn.  Centralbl.  1870,  p.  63 ;  id, 

J.  /.  O.  1879,  p.  208  (Venezuela). 

Above  chestnut-brown ;  wings  blackish,  edged  with  chestnut- 
brown  ;  tail  chestnut-brown ;  eye-region  and  broad  line  round  the 
nape  cinereous :  beneath  pale  cinnamomeous ;  under  wing-coverts 
and  inner  margins  of  wing-feathers  cinnamomeous ;  bill  plumbeous ; 
feet  dark  brown :  whole  length  6  inches,  wing  3,  tail  '2*7.  Female 
similar,  but  second  primary  not  modified. 

Hah.  Brazil,  Amazonia,  and  Venezuela. 

Graf  von  Berlepsch  has  lately  separated  the  Venezuelan  form  of 
this  species  as  P.  intermedkis ;  but  1  cannot  find  any  differences 
between  Venezuelan  and  Brazilian  specimens. 

a,  Ad.  St.  South  America.  Purchased. 

b,  5  ad.  sk.  Bahia,  Brazil  {  Wucherer).  Sclater  Coll. 

■r,  d.    2  ad.  sk.         Sno  Paolo,  Brazil  (Joyner).  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

c,  /.  (^  $  ad.  sk.     Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

ff.  (S  ad.  sk.             S.  Brazil.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

hf  i.  d  2  ftd-  sk*      Brazil.  M.  Clausson  [P.]. 

;;,  k.  Ad.  sk.             Sarayacu,  Ecuador  {Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/.    $  ad.  sk.              San  Esteban,   Venezuela  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(^Goeriny). 

m.   $  ad.  sk.           Venezuela.  Sclater  Coll. 

9.  Pachyrhamphus  niger. 

Pachvrhynchus  niger,  Spix^Av.  Bras.  ii.  p.  33,  pi.  45.  fig.  1 ;  Sw.  An. 
in  lUenag.  p.  290. 

Pachvrhnmphus  niger,  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  241 ;  Taylor,  Ibi$y  1864,  p.  87 
(Trinidad) ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  078  (Amazonia),  1873, 
p.  284  (E.  Peru)  ;  iid.  Nomencl.  p.  66 ;  Salv.  et  Godm.  Ibis,  1880, 
p.  169  (Sta.  Marta) ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  8. 1882,  p.  23  (N.E.  Peru) ;  id. 
Orn.  PSr.  ii.  p.  363  ;  Salv.  Ibi»,  1885,  p.  80Q  (Br.  Guiana). 


S44 


consQiD.*. 


Pearis  DLger,  Sa.  Zool.  Journ.  ii.  p.  356 ;  Bp.  Contp,  I.  p.  ISl. 
Bailiuiiduriis  Diger,  Cab.  Wieifit.  Arvh.  1^7|  pL  i>  p<  343;  £i.  61 

&Aoini.  &uum.  iii.  p.  61)8. 
Pscliyrbamphus  nigriventriB,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S,  1857,  p.  76. 
ZeUteB  QJger,  fii£.  et  Hem.  Mut.  Hein.  U.  p.  87. 

Above  aooty  black,  fcathera  of  the  crown  ebiulng  black  ;  wings 
and  tail  dull  black ;  both  rows  of  wiog-coverto  edged  with  white, 
forming  two  transvorso  bands  ;  bread  tijis  of  outer  tail-feathers 
white ;  beneaLh  aooty  black,  in  some  speciinena  with  a  cinereous 
tinge  :  bill  and  feet  dark  plumbeous :  whole  length  5'8  inehea, 
wing  3,  tail  2'3.  Female.  Above  greenish,  with  a  oinnamoraeous 
tinge  on  the  back  ;  wings  blackish,  edged  with  cinnamomeous  ;  tail 
blackish,  all  the  lateral  reclrices  broadly  ended  with  clear  cisna- 
momeouB :  beneath  pale  yellowish  green,  bend  ef  the  wing  and 
inner  margins  of  wing-feathers  cinnamomeous. 

Uab.  Amazonia,  Colombia,  Ecuador,  Tene/uela,  and  Gninaa. 

Spix  gives  no  precise  locality  for  his  P.  iiigir  ;  but  we  sany  con- 
jecture that  his  sfteeimens  were  from  Upper  Amazonia.  Ify  descrip- 
tions are  from  a  pair  obtaiued  at  I'ebos,  by  Hauswell,  the  male  of 
which  is  quite  as  black  below  as  is  represented  in  Spix'a  figure. 
Venezuelan  end  Gutanan  speeimens  are  rather  more  cinereeus  on 
the  belly,  aud  betray  a  transition  towards  the  nest  species. 


«.  Ad.st. 

South  Americit. 

Purchased. 

h.  3  tA.  sk. 

Bngoto. 

Selator  ColL 

c.  J  ad.  sk. 

Bogota. 

Purchased. 

d,  e.  <f  ad.  Bk. 

UoEOt*. 

^'ftlencia,  Venezuela  (Goeritig). 

Sftlvin-Godman  Coll. 

/:  2  ad.  «k. 

Sah-in-Godman  ColL 

g.  6  ad.  Bk. 

Trinidad, 

Sclater  Coll. 

h.  6  ad.  sk. 

Trinidad. 

Sdlvin-Godiaan  Coll. 

.;/  rf  ad.  sk. 

Itoraima.  Brit.  Guiana  (  WAiM;/) 

SalTin-Godman  Coll. 

m.  <J  ad.  8k. 

Itril.  Guiana. 

Sclater  Coll. 

Cayenne, 

Scialer  CoU. 

«.  (f  ad.  flk. 

Para. 

Il,Gtaham,E8q.[P.l 

o,p.  ,J£ad.A. 

Pebai.,Peru(iK.«.,.wV;i. 

ScUter  OoU. 

y.  tf  ad.  sk. 

Pebae,  Peru  iSatn-w^U). 

Sftlvin-Godman  OoU. 

r.  3  ad.  8k. 

Nauta,  Amaeons  (Hauxioeil). 

Sdvin-Godman  CoU, 

*.  a  ad.  sk. 

Rio  Napo,  Ecuador. 

Sclater  Coll. 

/,«.  ,^ad.ettf 

jr.  sk. 
V,  ic.  d  ad.  sk. 

Hio  Napo,  Ecuador. 

J.  Gould,  Esq. 

Sarayacu,  Ecuador  {Buckley). 

Salvin-Godman  Ooll. 

10.  Fachrihamphiu  ci&ereiTentria. 

Paeiiyrhfunphus  dnereiventris,  fkl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  342;  Set.  et  Salv. 
P.  Z.  H.  18154. _p,  361  (Panama),  1670,  p.  618  (Antioquia) ;  Zrtw.'. 
Ana.  Lye.  N.  Y.  ix.  p.  116  (CodtaEica);  Saiv.  P.  Z.  S.  1867, p.  149, 
et  1870,  p.  100  (Veragual;  FratUe.  J./.  0. 1869,  p.  .SOO  {Costa 
Rica^ :  Boueard,  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  05  (Costa  lUca) ;  ItidfftB.  P.  U.S. 
JV.  M.  vi.  p.  385  (Nicaragua). 

Pacb^haniphus  dorsalia,  Sd.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  S4.^ 

Above  black ;  feathers  of  head  with  shining  steel-bluish  shaft- 
spats  ;  rump  einorcoua;  wings  black,  edged  with  white  :  tail  black. 


3.  PACHTRHAMFHUS.  845 

tipped  with  wUte:  beneath  cinereous  ;  under  wing-ooverts  and  inner 
margins  of  wing-feathers  white ;  bill  dark  plumbeous ;  feet  blackish : 
whole  length  5*5  inches,  wing  2*8,  tail  2'3.  Female,  Olivaceous, 
wings  and  tail  bluish,  edged  and  tipped  with  cinnamomeous  ;  beneath 
yellowish. 

H(d>,  t!entral  America  and  Colombia. 

The  type  specimen  of  P.  cinereiventris  (p)  is  from  Santa  Marta, 
and  agrees  well  with  specimens  obtained  by  Simons  in  the  same 
district  (n,  o).  They  have  the  belly  slightly  freckled  with  white.  ^ 
In  Bogota  skins  (on  one  of  which  the  name  P.  dorsalis  was  based) 
and  in  most  of  the  Central- American  specimens  the  belly  is  of  a 
dear  cinereous,  unfreckled.  Some  of  the  Panama  skins  are,  how- 
ever, intermediate. 

I  am  not  quite  satisfied  as  to  the  distinctness  of  this  form  from 
the  Brazilian  P,  polychropterus, 

a,  ^  ad.  sk.  Choctum,  Vera  Paz  (Salvln).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

h,c.  cf  2  ad.  sk.       Bugaba,  Chiriqui  (^-b-ce),  Salvin-Godraan  Coll. 

d^e,  cJ  $  ad.  sk.      Chiriqui  (Arc^).  Sclater  Coll. 

/.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Calovevora,  Veragua  (Arc^).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

g.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Santa  F^,  Veragua  (Arc^).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

k,  <J  ad.  sk.  Veragua  (Arcc).  Sclater  Coll. 

hj'  (^  ad.sk.  VeLUfimA  {McLean7ian).  Sclater  Coll. 

k,  L  (S  Ad,  sk.  Lion  Hill,  Panama  (McLean-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

nan). 

m.  (S  ad.  sk.  Near  Panama  city  (R?iondii).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

11,0.  cT  ad.  sk.  Santa  Marta,  U.S.C.C6V7no;w).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

p.  S  «d.  sk.  Santa  Marta,  U.  S.  C.  Sclater  Coll.     (Tvpe 

of  P.  cinereiventris.) 

q,  S  ad.  sk.  Antioquia,  U.  S.  C.  (Salmon).  Sulvin-Godman  Coll. 

r.  cT  ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll.     (Type 

of  P.  dorsalis.) 

8,   S  ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

t-v,   5  ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


II.  Pachyrhamphus  polychropterus. 

Platyrhynchus  polychropterus,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Did.  xxvii.  p.  10 ;  id, 
Enc.  MHh.  p.  8^io ;  Puch.  Arch.  Mus.  Par.  vii.  p.  .'ioT. 

Pachyrhynchus  variegatus,  Spivj  Ai\  Bras.  ii.  p.  81,  pi.  43.  fig.  2 
(djun.). 

Muscipeta  splendens,  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  900  (S  ftd.). 

Pachyrhynchus  spixii,  Stc.  An.  in  Menay.  p.  280. 

Bathmidurus  variegatus,  Cab.  Wieym.  Arch.  1847,  pt.  i.  p.  244; 
Burm.  Syst.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  452. 

Psaris  marginatus  tristis,  Kaup^  P.  Z.  S.  1861,  p.  48. 

Pachyrhamphus  polychropterus,  Sclater ^  P.  Z,  S,  1857,  p.  77  (S.E. 
Brazil),  et  1859,  p.  50 ;  id.  Cat  A.  B.  p.  242 ;  Peh,  Orn.  Bras. 
p.  121 ;  Set.  et  Safv.  Ibis,  1^59,  p.  124  j  tid.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  679 
(L,  Amazons)  ;  tid.  Nomencl.  p.  56 ;  Durnf.  UnSj  1878,  p.  61 
(Buenos  Ayres)  ;  BerL  et  Jher,  Zeitschr.  ges,  Orn,  1885,  p.  140  (Rio 
Ur.  do  Sul) ;  Sd,  et  Hudson^  Arg,  Orn,  i.  p.  162. 

Zetetes  polychropterus,  Cab,  et  Hein,  Mus,  Jaein,  ii.  p.  87, 


cons  G  ID -B. 


Larger  thsn  P.  dntreiventrit,  and  of  s 
whole  length  1^  inches,  wing  ;j'l,  tail  2-5. 
JIah,  itroul  and  N.  Argentina. 

a,b.  (J  5  ad.  St.        Umnn. 


darker  coloor  beneath : 


d.  tj  ad.  alt. 

e.  d  sd.  A. 

f.  J  ad,  sk. 
^,  A.  $  ad.  ek. 
t-k.  $  nd,  sk. 
I.  (f  Ad.  sl(. 

n.  (f  (id.  Bk. 


MexkniL,     Lower    AniHZOiia 
(  WaUaiv). 

Babia,  Itmnil. 

Bahia,  Brazil  (Wucha-fr). 

Bahia,  Braxil. 

Sao  Paolo,  Gnail  (Jogjier), 

Pelntad,  Rin  (jrimiln  do  Sul, 

Drozil  (Joynert. 
ttio  VtTtatie   do  Sii),   Dratdl 

(Hotjf). 
Belgraoo,  Biienoa  Ajres, 


Sclnter  Coll. 
M.  Claua9«n  [P.T. 
Salvin-Oodinan  ColL 
SiUvio-nndmBn  CoU. 
Sclflter  Coil. 
Sslvin-OodiDaii  Coll. 
Salvin-Oodniau  Coll. 

Sclater  Coll. 

U.  Duraford  [C], 


lapai, 
p.  176 


12.  PapChyrhamphae  major. 

Bathmidurits  mnjor.  Cab.  ll'iVym.  Arch.  1847,  pt.  i.  p.  246;   Oak.  rt 
ffrm.  Mug.  Hfin.  ii.  p.  81). 

Psaris  major,  Bp,  Consji.  ij.  18L 

Psaris  marginatus  major,  Sua,),  P.  Z.  S.  1851,  p.  46. 

Pachyrbamjihua  marmnatUB,  Solater,  P.  Z.  S.  1806,  p.  208. 

Pachyrhamiihua  msior,  SctaUr,  P.  Z.  S.  1857,  pp.  78, 204  (Jalap 
1868,  p.  87  (8.  Meiico),  1868,  p.  368  (Jalapa),  et  IrtM.  p.  1 
(Meiioo);  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  242;  Sol.  et  Salv.  Ihu,  IhlOO,  p.  3« 
(Cobnn):  iid.  NommcL  p.  66;  Boucard,  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  449 
tYacacan)  j  Ridgie.  Man.  N.  A.  B.  p.  326. 

Above  oinereouB,  crown  and  nape  shining  black,  lores  whitish, 
middle  of  back  more  or  less  varied  with  black ;  wings  black,  broadly 
edged  with  white,  scapularios  white :  tail  black,  broadly  tipped  with 
white  :  beneath  pole  cinereous  white ;  under  wiag-covert«  and  inner 
mar^ns  of  win^feathora  white ;  bill  dark  plnmleous ;  feet  brown  : 
whole  length  6  inches,  wing  3'3,  tail  2'6,  Femalf.  Above  chestnut- 
red,  crown  black  ;  winge  and  tail  block,  edged  with  rafous  ;  beneath 
pale  yellowish  white, 

Jiah.  Mexico  and  Guatemala. 


<i.  (f  nd.  Bk. 
b.  (5  ad  sli. 
p.  2  ad.  Bk. 
d,e.  cJ  $  ad,  Bk. 
/  $  ad.  sk. 
O,  A.  cf  £  nd.  sll, 
t.j.  <5  9  ad.  ak. 
k.  rf  jr.  Bk. 
/.  d  jr,  «k, 
M,  S  nd.  .k. 
n.  cf  ad,  idi. 


N6arCitvol'Mexico(HWff). 
Jalr.pn,  Mexico  (Hnyr). 
Jalapa,  Mexico  Ide  Ora). 
Mexico  (Satli). 

Nnrlhem  Tucntsn  i^Gaumer). 

Chiictum.  ^'era  Vta. 

CoLbh,  Vera  Pa»  (SahiH). 

Vera  Pni. 

\Vtb  Pan  (Siiichi). 

Medio    Monio,    niiatcninin 


Salvin-ddmaii  CuM. 
Salvin-Godmnii  Coll 
Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 
Sclaler  CnU, 
Perch  aacd. 
Salvin-Godmnn  Coll. 
Salvin-tiodmnn  Cull. 
Salvin-Oodiaaii  Coll. 
0.  Snl\'in,  1Cb<|.  [P.]. 
Sftlvhi-(io<lmBii  Coll. 
f-fthin-(iodninn  Coll. 


3.   PAGHTRHAMPHTJS.  347 

.o.  $  ad.  ak.  Calderas,  Volcan  de  Fuego,  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Guatemala  {Salvm). 

/>.  $  ad.  ak.  Duenas,  Guatemala.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

q,  d  jr*  sk.  Guatemala.  Sclater  Coll. 


13.  FachyrhamphnB  albogrisenB. 

PachyrhampliuB  albogriseus,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S,  1867,  p.  78 ;  id.  Cat, 
A,  B.  p.  242 ;  Taylor,  Ibis,  1804,  p.  87  (Trinidad) ;  Scl.  et  Salv. 
P.  Z.  S.  1868,  p.  168 (Venezuela)  ;  iid.  Nomencl  p.  6(5 ;  Salv.  P.  Z.  8. 
1870,  p.  199  (Veragua)  ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  230,  et  1880,  p.  2a3 
(N.  Peru) ;  id.  Orn.  Per.  ii.  p.  361 ;  Bert,  et  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1883, 
p.  669,  et  1885,  p.  93  (Ecuador). 

Bathmidurus  albogriseus.  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mils.  Ilein.  ii.  p.  80. 

Above  cinereous,  crown  and  nape  shining  black,  lores  white  ;  wings 
black,  edged  with  white ;  tiiil  black,  broadly  tipped  with  white : 
beneath  white,  tinged  with  cinereous,  under  wing -coverts  and  inner 
edges  of  wing- feathers  white ;  bill  dark  plumbeous  ;  feet  dark  brown : 
whole  length  5*5  inches,  wing  3,  tail  2*4.  Ftmale.  Above  dusky 
olive,  head  darker,  lores  white ;  wings  blackish,  edged  with  yellowish 
mfons  ;  tail  black,  broadly  tipped  with  pale  ochraceous  :  beneath 
pale  grey-olive ;  middle  of  belly,  crissum,  and  under  wing-coverts 
yellowish. 

Hab.  Nicaragua,  Veragua,  Colombia,  Ecuador,  and  Venezuela. 

This  species  is  distinguishable  from  P.  major  by  its  smaller  size, 
cinereous  back,  and  the  different  colour  of  the  female,  which  has 
the  back  olivaceous  instead  of  chestnut- red. 


a.  $  ad.  sk. 

Nicaragua  (Salmi). 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

ft.  ^  ad.  sk. 

Veragua  (Arce). 

Sclater  Coll. 

p,  d,  S  ftd.  sk. 

Calovevora,  Veragua  {Arc^). 

Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

e.  (S  jr.  sk. 

S.  America. 

Sclater  Coll. 

fi9'  6  2  ad-  8^- 

Bogota. 

Sclater  Coll. 
(Types  of  the  species.) 
J.  Gould,  Esq. 

h,  i.  2  ad.  sk. 

Quito,  Ecuador. 

j.  2  ad.  sk. 

Pallatanga,  Kcundor  (Frascr). 

Sclater  Coll. 

k,  c?  ad.  sk. 

Jima,  Ecuador  (JJuck/n/). 

Salvin-Godman  CoH. 

/.  2  f^'  ^^' 

Merida,  Venezuela  ( Goering). 

Sclater  CoU. 

14.  Pachyrhamphns  atricapillus. 

Lanius  atricapillus,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  p.  302. 

Todus  marginatus,  Licht.  Dimhl.  p.  61. 

Muscipeta  marginata,  Max.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  909. 

Pachyrhynchus  swainsonii,  Jard.  et  Selb.  III.  Chti.  ii.  Add.  no.  6 

(1829) ;  Sw.  An.  in  Menag.  p.  288. 
Pachyrhynchus  albifrons,  Sw.  An.  in  Menag.  p.  289. 
Pachjrrhynchus  marginatus,  d'Orb.  Voy.,  Ois.  p.  303,  pi.  31, 
Pachyrhamphns  marginatus,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  77. 
Bathmidurus  marginatus,  Burm.  Syst.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  461. 
Bathmidurus  atricapllus.  Cab.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1847,  pt.  i.  p.  246 ;  Cab. 

et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  80. 


Pachyrhamphiia  atricapillus,  fiH  Qd.  A.  B.  p.  242 ;  Pels.  Om.  Bra*. 
p.  131 ;  Set.  et  ISale.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  751  (E.  Peru),  p.  (liH  (Am*- 
zonift),  1873,  p.  2(*4  (E,  Peru),  187B,  p.  CIT  (Doli\-ui) ;  iVrf.  Xomend. 
p.  5(1;  iayorrf.JJ.*,  1873,  p.364(PaMi|;  Farbi;Ibu,\^<t<l,^.!iU 
(N.E.  Brii/il);  Taos.  Orn.Ptr.Vi.  p,  305;  Salv.  llik,  Itfiid,  p.  30i! 
(Ur.  Guiana), 

Above  cinereous,  middle  of  the  back  more  or  less  etained  with 
black ;  cap  shilling  black,  &ont  and  lorea  white :  wings  black,  edged 
with  white ;  tail  black,  broadly  tipped  with  white :  beoeath  pole 
whitish  cinereous  ;  under  wing-ooTcrts  and  inner  margins  of  tho 
wing-feathers  white  ;  bill  dark  plumbcons ;  feet  dark  brown :  whole 
length  5  inches,  wing  2-S,  tuil  2-2.  Female.  Above  dull  olive,  head 
more  or  less  rufescont;  wings  black,  edged  with  rufous  ;  tail  black, 
brofidly  tipped  with  rufons :  beneath  yellowiiih. 

Hah.  Qaiana,  Amazonia,  and  Brazil. 

Uf  description  is  based  upon  Crazilian  skins,  from  which  Ouianan 
specimens  do  not  materially  differ,  except  in  the  rather  omaller  sise. 
Whether  the  Veoezuelau  specimens  («,  6)  and  aome  others  of  the 
series  can  be  correctly  referred  here  is,  I  confess,  a  matter  of  some 
doubt.  Much  more  study  of  this  difficult  group  is  neoessiu^'  ]>efore 
it  can  be  considered  that  the  species  are  aatisfactorily  made  out. 


r.  S  ad.  Bk. 


e.  <J  lid.  i  /.  tf  jr. 

y,  A.  ij  2  ad.  sk, 
..J.  rf  5  8d.  sk. 
k.  li  ad.  nk, 
/.  (f  ad,  sk. 
in,  n.  (f  ud.  {  o.  2 

p.  iS  nd,  sk. 
q.  rf  jr.  sk. 
r.  cf  ad.  sk, 
I.  $  ad,  sk. 
/.  (J  ad.  sk. 

V,  J  ad.  sk. 


SanE9ieban,VeDezuela(0'of-  Sclatcr  ColL 

ring). 

C'nraca«|VenezuelB('ij'omny).  Sclater  Coll. 

Barticn  Clrovc,  Brit.  Guiana  .Salvio-Oodman  Coll. 

(  niiitelv). 

Meruin^  nlta.,  Brit.  Gui&iia  SalviD-Godman  Coll 

(  WhiMff). 

Camacusu,     Brit.    Guiana  Salvin-Gndman  ColL 

(  Whilelif). 

Oynpcic,  Cayenne.  Salvm-OodnMn  ColL 

Oyapoe,  Cayenne.  Sclater  Coll. 

Peruvian  Amazons,  t^clntar  Coil. 

Chaimcun)s,UppeT  Amazons.  J,  Gould,  Esq. 

Sarnyucu,  Ecuador  (Bucklet/).  Salvin-Oodman  Coll. 


Bio  Napo, 

Bnhia,  Brazil. 

Baliia,  Brazil  ( WiKherm-). 

Ikhia,  Brazil. 

S.E.  Brazil. 

Brazil. 


J.  Gould,  Esq. 
Sclater  Colt. 
Salviu-Godman  ColL 
Sudbury  Mus.  [E.]. 
Sclater  Coll. 
■I.  Gould,  Esq. 
Sclater  ColL 


Subfamily  II.  LIPAUOIN.^. 

The  Lipavffinm  are  a  sroaU  group  of  birds  intermediate  in  some 
respects  between  the  Piprulm  and  the  Colitii/ultr.  but  best  placed, 
perhaps,  within  the  limits  of  the  latter  family.  The  foot-structure 
in  some  cases  {AuHa)  comes  very  Dear  to  that  of  the  Pipruiir,  in 
others  aesimilatos  to  that  of  the  tj-pioal  Colinrfida.     la  general  the 


4.  cHntocTLLA.  349 

oolonrs  of  the  Lipauginai  are,  aa  their  name  indicateo,  dull  and 
nDattracfive,  bat  the  newly  discovered  Lathria  glreptophora  ia  a 
briUiaot  exception  to  this  rule.  The  area  of  diBlribution  of  the 
LipaugiruB  extends  from  Southern  Mexico  to  Bolivia  and  Soutli 
BraziL 

K^  to  the  Genera. 

A.  Piim&ries  of  mkle  abDormolly  reduced    ....   4.  Chibocti.la,  p.  34I>. 

B.  Primaries  normal. 

a.  Back  of  tarsus  smooth  j  rictus  feebly  bristled. 

a'.  Eitemat  toes  united  at  the  base S.  Lathria,  p.  350. 

b'.  External  toc9  united  to  the  end  of  tbe 

second  phalanx  6.  Aulia,  p.  364. 

h.  Back  of  taisuR  rough ;  rictus  much  bristled ; 
tarsi  more  feeble,  and  external  toes  united 
at  the  base  only   7.  Lipaugus,  p.  356. 

4.  CHIROCYLLA.  ^ 

Type. 
Chirocjila,  Scl.  H  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  ia?l>,  p.  ^57    C.  uropygialis. 


Wing-end  of  Chiroq/tla  from  beneath.    (F.  Z.  B.  1876,  p.  356.) 
The  very  singular  etructure  of  the  reduced  and  tvieted  primaries 


360  conNQis-s. 

in  the  male  sufficiently  characterizee    this    singular  form  t'rc 
£ouador. 

1.  Chirocylla  oropTgialis. 

Lftthria  uropygialis,  &t  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  365,  pi.  uaiL, 
1879,  p.  617  (Boliria). 

Above  durk  cinereous,  rump  dark  chestnut-red :  beneath  palf 
flauks  and  crissum  dark  chestnut-red ;  bill  hom-colour ;  feet  blad 
whole  length  XO'5  inches,  wing  5-5,  tail  5*6.  Female  similar 
colour,  but  wings  less  modified. 

jEfoi.  Ecuador. 

a.  a  ad!  sk.  Tilotiio,  Yungas,  fiolivia      Sclater  ColL 

d,  c.  .^  $  ad.  bL        Tilotiio,  Xnug^fl.  Sojitja  .   Salvin-Godman  Coll 

(Budtieu). 
<i  cJ  ad.  ak.  Bolivia  (BueUey).  Salv in-God man  ColL 

(Types  of  the  specie 


5.  LATHRIA.  „ 

'  Tjpe. 

Lsthria,  Smdng.  CUut.  B.  ii.  p.  266  (1837)     L.  cineres. 

The  eight  species  of  this  genus  are  spread  over  the  same  area 
the  subfamily,  but  only  one  of  them  occurs  north  of  Punama.  Th 
fall  into  three  cat^ories  as  regards  general  coloration — cinereoi 
rufous,  and  green.  Except  in  L.  itreptophora,  the  sexes  are  neai 
alike. 

Key  to  the  Speeia. 
A.  tieneral  plumage  cinereous ;  no  bright  neck- 


5.   LAIHBIA.  351 

Lathiia  foaoociaeTea,  Cah,  et  Hdn,  Mus.  Ilein,  ii.  p.  101 ;  Scl,  et 
Salv.  NomencL  p.  56 ;  iid,  R  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  518  (Antioquia) ;  Berl. 
J./,  0. 1884,  p.  306  (Bucaramanga). 

Above  cinereoas ;  wings  and  tail  darker :  beneath  rather  paler ; 
crissum  washed  with  rufous  :  whole  length  12*5  inch  es,  wing  6*8, 
tail  6.     Female  similar. 

Hab,  Colombia  and  Ecuador. 

a.  Ad.  St.  Colombia.  Purchased. 

b.  Ad.  sk.  Colombia.  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Salvin-Godman  CdII. 

d.  5  ad.  sk.  Alegria,  Antioquia,  U.  S.  C.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Saimon), 
e,/.  Ad.  sk.  Baisa,  Ecuador  (Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

2.  Lathria  virussn. 

Lipaupis  virussu,  I^iz,  Om.  Bras.  p.  122. 

Lathna  virussu,  Cab.  J.f.  O.  1874,  p.  90. 

Lipaugus  plumbeus,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1801,  p.  210  ;  id.  Cat.  A,  B.  p.  243  ; 

Sd,  et  Salv.  Ex.  Om.  p.  6. 
Lathria  plumbea,  Scl.  8f  Salv.  Namencl.  p.  56. 

Above  cinereous ;  wings  and  tail  d.irker,  tinged  with  rufous : 
beneath  paler ;  belly  and  crissum  tinged  with  rufous  ;  bill  blackish  ; 
feet  dark  brown :  whole  length  10*5  inches,  wing  5*4,  tail  4*6. 
Female  similar. 

Hab.  8.E.  Brazil. 

I  have  formerly  considered  this  bird  to  be  the  true  L.  plumbea, 
but  Lichtenstein's  description  appears  to  be  intended  for  the  next 
species,  as  v.  Pelzeln  has  pointed  out. 

a.  Ad.  8t.  Brazil.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

b.  Ad.  St.  Brazil,  Piircbased. 

c  (S  ad.  sk.  Matto-dentro,  Brazil  {Natterer).     Sclater  Coll.      (Au- 

thentic suecimen.) 

d.  ^  ad.  sk.  Pelotas,  Bio  Grande  do  Sul,        Salviu-Gouman  ColL 

Brazil  (Joyrier). 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 
/.  Ad.  sk.             Tropical  America.                             Sclater  Coll. 

3.  Lathria  plumbea. 

Muscicapa  plumbea,  Licht.  Doiibl.  p.  53 ;  Mau:  Beitr.  iii.  p.  806. 
Muscicapa  vociferans,  Mn.v.  Beise  n.  Brasil.  i.  p.  242,  et  ii.  p.  118. 
Lipaugus  cineraceuH,  Burm.  Syst.  Ueb,  ii.  p.  421. 
Lathria  plumbea,  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  618  (Bolivia). 

Above  cinereous ;  wings  and  tail  blackish  cinereous  :  beneath 
paler,  much  lighter  on  the  belly  ;  bill  and  feet  blackish  :  whole 
length  9-5  inches,  wing  4*9,  tail  4-4.     Female  similar  ? 

Hab.  S.E.  Brazil. 

I  am  a  little  doubtful  about  the  diBtinctness  of  this  and  the  next 
species. 


BraoL  J.  Qould,  Esq. 

Bahia,  Bmal  (  Wucherer).  Salvin-Godmon  Co 

Qaunoi,  Bolivia  (Buddey).         SalTin-Qodman  Cc 


4.  Lathria  einereo. 


Le  Cotings  aenAti,  Ze  VaiU.  Oit.  Amtr.  et  Ind.  p.  98,  pL  44. 
AmpeliB  cinerea,  ViM.  Xouv.  Diet.  viii.  p.  162  (1817). 
Ampelia  ciaeracea,  FieiU.  Ene.  Mfth.  p.  761. 
I^thria  cinerea,  Sic.  Nat.  Libr.,  Flucatch.  p.  78,  pi.  2 ;  Salv.  Ci 

iStricU  CoU.  p.  325 :  id.  IbU,  1886,  p.  3CE  (Br.  Guiana). 
Lipaugus  dneraceufl   Cab.  Wifgtn.  Arch.  1847,  pt.  i.  p.  234 ;  id. 

Schomb.  CuMin.  iii.  n.  693  i  Sclatrr,  P.  Z.S.lmX,^.  2\0;  id.  C. 

A.  A  p.  243  i   Sci.  et  Sals.  Ex.  Orn.  p.  6 ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  5 

(L.  AmaiODB),  et  1873,  p.  284  (E.  Feni). 
Lktbiia  cineracea,  GmA.  et  Hein.  Mm.  Bein.  ii.  p.  100 ;  Scl,  et  Sa 

Notnend.  p.  66;  Taa.  Orn.  Fir.  ii.  p.  308. 
Lipaugua  plumbeus,  Pelx,  Orn.  Bra*,  p.  122  (f). 

Above  duereous ;  wings  and  tail  dark  ciDereone  :  beneath  pale 
lull  and  feet  blacUBb :  whole  length  9  inches,  wing  4-7,  tail 
Female  similar,  but  wing-cwverts  and  outer  secondoriee  stained  wi 

Sab.  Cayenne,  Guiana,  and  Amazonia. 

a.  (^  ad.;  i,  e.  $     Bartica  Giove,  Brit.  Guiana      SalTin-Godman  Co 
ad.  Bk.  {Whitefy). 

d.  $  ad.  sk.  GamaciuA,     Brit.     Guiana       SalTin-Godman  Cc 

iWhiUbi). 

e.  ij  ad.  sk.  Meniin^  Mta.,  Brit  Guiana       Salvin-Godman  & 

(Whiteh/). 
f.ff.  d  9  ad,  sL     Boruma,      Brit      Guiana       Salvin-Godman  Cc 
(WAOtb/). 
Brilish  Guiana.  Ii.  Geogr.  Soc.  [P. 


5.   LATHBIA.  353 

a,  h.  ^  ad.  sk.          Roraima,      Brit     Guiana  SalTin-Godman  Coll* 

(  WMtely),  (Trnes  of  the  species.) 

c.  c^  ad. ;  d^  e,  $     Twek-quej  mt.,  Carimang  r.,  »uvin-Gh)dman  Coll. 
ad.  sk.                    Brit.  Guiana  (  Whitely). 


6.  Lathria  irnirnf a. 

Lipauguff  unirufus,  Scl  P.  Z.  8, 1859,  p.  386  (Oaxaoa),  1861,  p.  211 ; 
id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  244 ;  Scl,  et  Salv.  Ibis,  1860,  p.  36 ;  iid.  Ex,  Om, 
pp.  1,  6,  pL  i. ;  iid.  P,  Z,  8,  1864,  p.  361  (Panama),  1867,  p.  279 
(Mosquitia)  ;  Lawr,  Ann,  Lye,  N.  Y.  vii.  p.  330  (Panama)  ;  Salv. 
P.  Z,  S.  1867,  p.  149,  et  1870,  p.  199  (Veragua)  ;  id.  Ibis,  1872, 
p.  318  (Nicaragua). 

Lathria  uuirufa,  Scl.  et  Salv,  Noinencl,  p.  bQ ;  iid.  P.  Z.  8,  1879, 
p.  518  (Antioquia) ;  Ridyw.  P.  U.S.  N.  M,  vi.  p.  404  (Nicaragua). 

Nearly  uniform  clear  brown,  rather  paler  beneath;  bill  pale 
horn-colour ;  feet  blackish :  whole  length  9*7  inches,  wing  5*4, 
tail  4'3.     Female  similar. 

Hah,  Southern  Mexico  and  Central  America  down  to  Northern 
Colombia. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Vera  Paz.  O.  Salvhi,  Esq^.  [O.]. 

by  c.  Ad.  sk.  Choctum,  Vera  Paz  (Salmi),  Sclater  Coll. 

df  e.  Ad.  sk,  Choctum,  Vera  Paz  (Salvin),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Guatemala.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

ff.  Ad.  sk.  British  Honduras  {Bhncaneaux).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

h.  Ad.  sk.  Chontales,  Nicaragua  {Belt),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

t,y.  c^ad.  sk.  Bugaba,  Chiriqui  (^rc^).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

h,  $  ad.  sk.  Veragua  (Arcd).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/.  (S  ad.  sk.  Panama  (McLeannayi).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

fn.  Ad.  sk.  Chcpo,  Panama  {ArcS).  Salvin-Godman  Coll, 

n.  $  ad.  sk.  Remedies,  Antioquia  {Salmon).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

o.  c^  ad.  sk.  Nichi,  Antioquia,  U.  S.C.  (6'a/7;ion),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


7.  Lathria  subalaris. 

Lipaupis  subalaris,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1861,  pp.  210,  211  (Ecuador). 
Lathna  subalaris,  Scl.  et  Salv.  Ej  .  Om.  p.  3,  pi.  ii. 

Olive-green,  wings  dark  cinereous  edged  with  green ;  tail  cine- 
reous ;  large  crown-spot  black :  beneath  paler,  with  slight  yellowish 
shaft-spots  on  the  breast ;  on  belly,  crissum,  and  flanks  passing  into 
cinereous ;  under  wing-coverts  bright  yeUow  ;  bill  and  feet  cine- 
reous :  whole  length  8*5  inches,  wing  5-2,  tail  4*6.  Female  similar, 
but  black  head-spot  absent  oi:  barely  shown. 

Hah.  Eastern  Ecuador. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Rio  Napo,  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

(Type  of  the  species.') 

b,  c.  cT  ad. ;  rf.  $     Sarayacu,  Ecuador  {Buckley).     SaTyin-Godman  CoU. 
ad.sk. 

e,/.  d  J  ad.  sk.      Sarayacu,  Ecuador  {Buckley),     Sclater  Coll. 
g.  $  ad.  sk.  Upper  Amazons.  Sclater  Coll. 

VOL.  XIV.  2  A 


864  ooToraiDA 

S.  Latbria  er7ptoI(Qdi&. 
lAthria  cryptolopha,  Sd.  et  Saiv.  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  622  (Eciudo 

Above  deep  olive-green ;  email  crown-spot  dark  ohestuul 
vings  and  tul  tuhy  brown  ed^ed  with  olive-green :  beneath 
yellowish,  brighter  in  the  mid^e  of  the  belly ;  under  ning-c< 
bright  yellow ;  inner  mai^ins  of  wing-feathere  fulvons ;  bil)  b 
feet  dnrk  plambeons:  whole  length  it  inches,  wing  4-6,  tail  4'£ 

S<A,  EsBtem  Ecuador. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Uon^  Ecuador  (Bvekley).  SalTin-Oodniaii  C 

(l^pe  of  the  ep 


6.  AUIIA. 

Type. 

Laoiiocem,  Lem.  Rett.  Zool.  1840,  p.  S63  (P)  A.  bypopjrrl 

Aulia,  3p.  Congp.  Fot.  Anuod.  p.  4  (1864)   A.  hrpopTrrl 

Lathiiosoma,  Sp.  MS. A.  ruiescena. 

These  two  birds  are  remsrkable  for  the  irregular  spotting 
lower  plmnage  which  prevails  in  the  male  sex.  One  of  them  i 
over  Amazonia,  Ooiana,  and  Brazil ;  the  other  seenu  to  be  rest 
to  the  Faoamanio  IsthmoB  and  the  adjoining  parta  of  Colombii 


Key  to  the  Speeitt. 
A.  General  plamage  dneieous 


6.  AVLiA.  355 

edging;  tail  dark  cinereous,  tipped  with  pale  mfous :  beneath  paler 
cinereous,  middle  of  belly  ornamented  by  bright  rufous  feathers, 
which  are  tipped  with  black  spots ;  crissum  pale  reddish  o6hraceous, 
with  slight  occasional  black  spots ;  patch  on  each  side  of  breast 
reddish  oohraceous  or  yellow,  with  similar  occasional  black  spots  ^ 
under  wing-coverts  white,  faintly  barred  with  blackish ;  bUl  and 
feet  blackish  brown :  whole  length  8*5  inches,  wing  4*3,  tail  3*5. 
Female  similar,  but  without  any  black  spots  below ;  patch  on  sides 
of  breast  yellow  or  ochraceous. 

Hah,  Cayenne,  Guiana,  Amazonia,  Ecuador,  and  S.E.  Brazil. 

I  was  formerly  of  opinion  that  the  Guianan  and  S.E.  Brazilian 
forms  of  this  species  might  bo  distinct.  But  with  the  present 
series  before  me,  I  can  find  no  evidence  of  this  being  the  case. 
Fully  plumaged  males  from  these  different  localities  present  no 
material  differences.  The  side- patches  vary  from  yellow  to  ochra- 
ceous red  in  specimens  from  both  localities. 

o,  ft.  d  2  ad.  st.  Brazil.  Purchased. 

c-e,  5  ad.  sk.  B&hlfi,  Bmzil  (Wttcherer).  Sal vin-Godman Coll. 

ffff»  cT  5  ad.  sk.  Brazil.  *  Sclater  Coll. 

A.  ?  ad.8k.  Brazil  (?).  Sclater  Coll. 

hj*  cT  ad. ;  A;.  J  Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

ad.  sk.  {WJdtely). 

/.  (^ad.  sk.  Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana  Sclater  Coll. 

( WhiUdy). 

tn,  J  ad.  sk.  Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

n.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Cbyavetas,  E.  Peru  (Bartlett).  Sclater  Coll. 

o.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Chyavetas,  E.  Vera  {Barihtt).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

p,  S  ftd.  sk.  Santa  Cruz,  Peru.  E.  Bartlett  [C.]. 

q,  r.  5  ad.  sk.  Eastern  Peru.  Sclater  Coll. 

*,  t.  Ad.  sk.  Sarayacu,  »uador  (Buckley).  »Salvin-Godnian  ColL 

2.  Aulia  rufescens. 

Lipaugus  rufescens,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  270  ((Juatemala),  et  1801, 
p.  211 ;  Scl.  ct  Salv.  Ilns,  1850,  p.  124  (Guatemala) ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S. 
1864,  p.  361  (Panama) ;  tid.  Ex.  Ont.  pp.  5,  6,  pi.  iii. ;  Lator, 
Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  vii.  p.  »3.jO  (Panama),  et  ix.  p.  116  (Costa  Rica) ; 
Salv.  Ihis,  1866,  p.  20.'i  (Guatemala) ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  149 
(Veragua)  ;  Frantz.  J.f.  O.  \m),  p.  ;iOi)  (Costa  Rica). 

Aidia  rufescens,  Scl.  et  Salv.  Noinencl.  p.  57  ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  519 
(Antioquia). 

Lathriosoma  typicum,  Bp.  MS. 

Above  reddish  brown,  beneath  paler ;  rump  and  body  beneath 
crossed  by  fine,  nearly  obsolete,  black  bars ;  breast  and  beUy  marked 
with  irregular  rounded  black  spots;  wings  blackish,  edged  with 
brown,  and  more  or  less  spotted  with  black ;  tail  uniform  reddish 
brown ;  lateral  patch  of  plumes  yellow ;  under  wing-coverts  clear 
reddish  brown ;  bill  blackish ;  feet  brown  :  whole  length  8*5  inches, 
wing  4*4,  tail  3*6.  Female  similar,  but  without  the  black  spots  on 
the  lower  surface,  and  lateral  plumes  less  developed. 

Hah.  Costa  Rica,  Veragua,  Panama,  and  Northern  Colombia. 

2a2 


a.  Ad.  >t. 
A.  d  ad.  ak. 
e.  $  Eid.Bk. 


conns  IDA. 

Central  Americft. 

Santa  FS,  Veragua  {Arcf). 
Chepo,  Igthm.  of  Panama 

{Arcf). 
PanBina  (McLecanan). 
Remedios,  Antioquia,  U.  S.  C. 

{Salmon). 
Bemedioa,  Antioquia,  U.  3.  C. 

iSahnofi). 


Purchased. 
SalTiD-Qodniai 
Sclatei  Coli. 


Salvin-Oodmai 


7.  LIPATTCroS.  J 

IJpanguB,  Bou,  lia,  1828,  p.  318 L.  aii 

BbjtipIeniB,  Eeichenb.  An.  Sytt.  Nat.  t.  IxT.  (1860) L.  aii 

This  genna  consista  of  three  species,  all  remarkable  for  the  sir 
comtgaUons  of  the  binder  part  of  the  tarsoa.  One  of  these  i 
in  Central  America,  the  two  others  in  Qniana,  Amazonia 
Brazil. 

Key  to  &e  Specia. 

A.  QeDersl  pluma^  cinereous. 

(Bell;  pale  cinereoua 1.  timplex,  p.  8€i 

Bell  J  jeUowish 2.  immimdia,  p. 

B.  Uenenl  plumage  mfons    3.  Aolarythrue,  p. 


1.  LipaiigTUi  simplex. 

Moscicapa  ninplex,  ImM.  Doubl.-p-  5S  (1823). 

Li^uguB  dmplei,  Hartl.  Beti.  Zoet.  1846,  p.  3;  Cab.  in  St 
Oufan.  iii.  p.  694;  £i>.  Cotmi.\.-p.  170;  ^urm.  &m(.  Ceft.  ii.p 
Sel.  P.  Z.  S.  186],  p,  211  (Brazil) ;  id.  Cat  A.  II.  p.  244  ;  ( 
Rein.  Mug.  Hem.  i^.  p.  100;  Pe^.  Ora.  Srtu.  p,  123;  &t.  el 
P.  Z.  &ieflC,p,  100  (R.  UcBrali),etl8ra,p.2ftJ(E.  Peru)  ;  ii 


7.  LiPArGrs.  357 

g,  $  ad.  ak.  Camactisa.  Brit.  Guiana  SalTin-Godman  CoU* 

(  WhiUly). 

h.  Ad.  ak.  Cajexme.  Sclater  Coll. 

i.  Ad.  ak.  Sarajacu,  Ecuador  {Buckley),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  ak.  Lower  Ucajrali.  E.  Bartlett  [C.]. 

k-m.  Ad.  ak.  Bahia,  Brazil  (  Wucherer),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

n.  cT  ad.  ak.  8a6  Paolo,  Brazil  (Joyner),  Salvin-Gbdman  Coll. 

o,p,  cT  ad.  ak. ;  Brazil,  Sclater  Coll. 

qy  r.  $  ad.  ak. 

».  Ad.  ak.  Brazil.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

2.  Lipangns  immnndus. 

LipaugiLS  immundus,  Scl.  et.  Salv.  Nomencl.  pp.  67,  159. 

Above  dark  cinereous  ;  wings  and  tail  blackish ;  outer  secondaries 
and  coverts  slightly  edged  with  whitish ;  outer  margins  of  external 
rectrices  cinerascent:  beneath  pale  cinereous  ;  middle  of  belly  pale 
yellowish ;  under  wing-coverts  and  inner  margins  of  wing-feathers 
pale  ashy  whit<> ;  bill  horn-colour,  paler  at  the  base  ;  feet  blackish ; 
whole  length  7  inches,  wing  3*5,  tail  3*3.  Female  similar,  but  wings 
and  tail-feathers  edged  with  ferruginous. 

Hah.  Cayenne. 

Allied  to  L,  simplex^  but  with  the  bill  narrower,  and  the  belly 
yellowish. 

fl,  6.  cJ  $  ad.  sk.        Oyapoc,  Cayenne.  Sclater  Coll.    (Types  of  the 

species.) 

3.  Lipangns  holer3rtliru8. 

Lipaugus  holervthnis,  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  18()0,  p.  800  (Guatemala), 
1864,  p.  861  (Panama),  lf^67,  p.  279  (Mosquitia),  et  1879,  p.  619 
(Antioquia) ;  iiil.  Ibis^  18()0,  p.  400  ( Vera  Paz) ;  iid.  Ex.  Orn.  p.  6 ; 
lid,  Nonierwl.  p.  57 ;  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1801 ,  p.  211  (Guatemala) ;  id.  Cat. 
A.  B.  p.  244  ;  Lawr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  1 .  vii.  p.  330  (Panama),  et  ix. 
p.  116  (Costa  Rica) ;  Fvantz.  J.  f.  O.  1869,  p.  309  (Costa  Rica) ; 
Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1807,  p.  149,  et  1870,  p.  199  (Veragiia) ;  Wyatt,  Ibis, 
1871,  p.  334  (Magdalena  Valley);  Bouc.  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  66  (Costa 
Rica)^  Berl.  J.f.  O.  1884,  p.  318  (Bucaramanga). 

Above  uniform  brownish  rufous  ;  middle  parts  of  the  webs  of  the 
"wing-feathers  and  tips  of  the  primaries  blackish  ;  bill  pale  hom- 
colour,  whitish  at  the  base ;  feet  dark  brown  :  whole  length  8  inches, 
-wing  4*2,  tail  3*8.     Female  similar. 

Hah.  Southern  Mexico  and  Central  America  down  to  Panama 
and  Northern  Colombia. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Mexico.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

h.  Ad.  sk.  Choctum,  Vera  Paz  (Salvin).        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Tvpe  of  the  species.) 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Choctum,  Vera  Paz  {Salvin).       Sclater  ColL 

d,  e.  Ad.  sk.  Vera  Paz.  O.  Salvin,  Esq. 


S,g.  Ad.Bk. 

h.   Ad.  Bk. 

t.  Ad.  Bk. 
3.  cf  ftd.  ilk. 
A.  S  ad.  Bk. 
Acf  wLak. 


m.  J  ad. *k. 
"■  o.  d  £  " 
p.  Ad.  Bk. 

?.  $  tkd.  sk. 


COIDTQIDS. 

Sources  of  Rio  de  U  Panon, 

UimtemsJa. 
Tucurriqui,  Costn  Rica  {Arcf). 
Coats  Kica(airmio'). 
Cfdovevora,  Veragua  (jlre^. 
Santa  Fd,  Veragua  {Arci). 
Southern  elope,  Volcan  of 

Chiriqui  {ATof). 
Veragua  {Arcl). 
Panama  (McLeannan). 
Remedioa,  AQtioquia,  U.  S.  C. 

Remedioa,  Anlioquia,  U.  S.  0. 

Nichi,  Andoquia,  U.  S.  C. 
(Salmon). 


SslTin-Godinai 

Salvin-Oodmai 
Sclater  Coil- 
Sal  via-Godmai 
Sftlvin-Godma: 
Salvin-Oodma 

0.  Salvia,  Egq 

Salvin-Godma: 
ScUtw  Coll. 


Subfamily  III.  ATTILIN-Jl. 

This  small  grotip  has  been  rariously  referred  to  the  Tyra 
Formieariida,  and  CotingidcE.  In  placing  it  in  the  last- 
group  I  have  followed  Sundcvall,  but  I  am  by  no  meana  sure 
being  its  oorrect  poeition.  The  strong,  booked,  and  compress 
bnd  the  ambulatory  feet  seem  to  have  little  to  do  with  the  Coli 
but  the  atructure  of  the  tarsi  tends  the  other  way. 

The  Attilina  range  over  the  Neotropical  liogion  from  So 
Mexico  to  Paraguay. 

0  Oit  Oenera. 


8.   ATTILA.  359 

A.  Neck  and  breast  striated. 

'  1.  brasiHensts,  p.  d/)9. 

a.  Breast  grey,  greenish,  or  yeUowish,  not    I'  *^'^'!/^  ^'  ^ 
rufouS;    u^pygial  baid  yellow  or  J  ^'  ^Pf^o^tethus^.  .%0. 

orange,  distiDCt* \i'  "^u^^'"^'^^' oa^ 

°  I  5.  citreopygitiSj  p.  361. 

(  6.  cosumeiay  p.  362. 

6.  Breast  rufous    7.  spadiceua,  p.  362. 

B.  Neck  and  breast  not  striated ;  uropygial 

band  not  distinct ;  general  colour  lerru- 
ffinous. 
e.  Head  cinereous. 

{Larger :  fore  neck  cinereous 8.  cinerexis,  p.  363. 
Smaller :   chin  cinereous,    fore 
neck  rufous    9.  citriniventris,  p.  363. 

d.  Head  rufous. 

a'.  Head  greyish  rufous    10.  validuSy  p.  364. 

h\  Head  chestnut-rufous. 

\  Belly  chestnut    11.  thamnophiloides,  p.  364. 

I  Belly  orange 12.  forndus,  p.  365. 


1.  Attila  brasiliensis. 

Attila  brasiliensis,  Less.  Tr.  d'Orn.  p^  360;  Lafr.  Rev.  Zool,  1848, 
p.  45  ;  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  41  (*Rrazil) ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  195 ; 
Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl.  p.  57. 

Muscicapa  uropygiata,  Ma.v.  Bcitr.  iii.  p.  8G8. 

Myiarchus  uropygiatus,  Burm.  Syst.  Ueb.  iii.  p.  472. 

Dasycephala  uropygialis,  Bp.  Cansp.  i.  p.  198. 

Above  dull  olive-green,  interscapulium  and  scapularies  strongly 
tinged  with  ferruginous  ;  wings  blackish,  coverts  edged  with  pale 
folvous  ;  rump  bright  yellow :  tail  ferruginous  brown :  beneath 
"white,  more  or  less  tinged  with  yellowish  on  the  throat,  breast, 
and  flanks,  and  flammulated  with  long  greyish  striations  on  the 
throat,  breast,  and  beUy ;  bill  horn -colour,  whitish  at  the  base ; 
feet  park  brown  :  whole  length  7*5  inches,  wing  3*6,  tail  2*8. 
Female  (?)  similar,  but  interscapulium  olive-green,  and  tail  dull 
brown. 

ffab.  S.E.  Brazil. 

a.  Ad.  8t  Brazil.  J.  E.  Gray,  Esq.  [P.]. 

b.  Ad.  St.  Brazil.  Sudbury  Mus.  [E.]. 

c.  d.  Ad.  sk.  Bahia,  Brazil  ( Wucherer).        Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
t,  S  ad.  sk.                 S.E.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

(Compared  with  type  of  Attila  brasiliensis  in  Mus.  Par.) 
/,  ff.   2  ftd.  sk.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 


'*   Thete  six  species  I  can  only  arrange  geographically  for  the  present. 


2,  AttiU  nropTgialis. 

Dasyceptiftla  uropvffipJis,  Cab.  in  SdumA.  Ouian.  iii.  p.  686;  ( 

Rein.  Mta.  H^n.  ii.  p.  14. 
Attila  umpjgUliB,  Pek.  Om.  Sra».  p.  06 ;  Saiv.  Ibtt,  1885,  i 

(Brit.  Gfuiana). 
Attila  brasilieiMU,  8alvin,  IbU,  1886,  p.  303  <Brit.  Ouiana). 

Above  dark  dQereoos  brown,  rump  bright  yellow  ;  wings  bla 
edged  with  browniah,  both  rowB  of  coyertB  tipped  with  pale  ni 
tail  cdnereous  brown,  middle  portions  of  web  lighter:  be 
white,  breast  brownish,  flammulated  on  throat  and  breaat  witi 
oinereoQB ;  under  wing-covertfi  and  flanks  pale  yellowigh  ocbrac 
bill  dark  horn-oolour,  pale  at  the  base  ;  feet  blsckjsh :  whole  1 
6-6  inches,  wing  3-5,  tail  2'8,  Female  (?)  similar,  but  upper 
and  breast-band  more  or  less  olivaceous. 

Hah.  Britiih  Guiana. 

I  propose  to  refer  for  the  present  to  A.  UT<^gialU  all  the 
mens  obtained  by  Mr.  Whitely,  except  those  on  which  A.  s^ 
lUihut  has  been  founded,  t&i.  Salvin  has  spoken  of  some  of 
as  barely  separable  from  A.  bratilieiuU,  and  they  are  oertainl; 
like  the  Brazilian  bird,  though  emaller  in  size.  H  my  descripti 
the  two  sexes  are  correct,  then  Mr.  Whitely's  determinations  i 
some  cases  difficult  to  understand ;  for  example,  spec,  b,  mark 
is  in  what  I  consider  female  plumage,  and  spec,  d,  marked 
male  plumage. 

a,b.  (S  tii.ie.      BsTtica  Grove,  Brit  Guiana        Salnu-'Glodmtt 

Ad.sk.  (WhiUfy). 

d.  9  ad.  sk.         <!arimang  t.,  Brit.  Oalana         Salvin-Oodmai 
(Wiiteli/). 

r.   iS  ad.  ek.  Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana  Sckter  Coll. 


8,  AinLA..  361 

4.  Attila  sdateri 

Attala  sclateri,  Lawr,  Ann.  Lye,  Nat.  HUt.  N.  T.  vii.  p.  470  (1862) 
(Panama),  et  ix.  p.  110  (Costa  Rica)  ;  Sd.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1864, 
p.  868  (Panama) ;  iid.  Nomencl.  p.  57 ;  Frantz.  J.  f.  O.  1869, 
p.  306  (Costa  Rica) ;  Scdv.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  146,  et  1870,  p.  106 
(Verafpia) ;  Bidgw,  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  vi.  p.  404  (Nicaragua). 

Above  olive-green,  head  with  slight  blackish  striations,  inter- 
scapoliam  and  scapularies  strongly  tinged  with  ferruginous;  rump 
bright  lemon-yellow ;  wings  blackish,  outer  margins  of  secondaries 
and  tips  of  wing-coverts  pale  rufous  ;  tail  cinereous  brown,  more 
rufous  in  the  middle  of  the  webs :  beneath  white,  more  or  less 
jniffiised  with  yellowish,  especially  on  the  breast  and  flanks,  and 
more  or  less  definitely  flammulated  with  greyish  striations  ;  under 
wing-coverts  and  flanks  ochreous  yellow  ;  bill  horn-colour,  pale 
at  the  base ;  feet  brown  :  whole  length  7  inches,  wing  3*6,  tail  2*9. 
Female  (?)  similar,  but  not  so  strongly  coloured,  and  interscapulium 
olivaceous. 

Hah,  Costa  Rica,  Veragua,  Panama,  and  Ecuador. 

a.  Ad.; '6.  Jr.  Irazu  distr.,  Costa  Rica  (i?<j^er5).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

sk. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Tucurriqui,  Costa  Rica   {Arcf).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

dm  c^  ad.  sk.  Costa  Rica  (OzrmtW).  Salvin-Godman  Coll, 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Costa  Rica  { Canniol).  Sclater  ColL 

y,  g.  Ad.  sk.  Southern  slope,  Volcan  of  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Chiriqui  {Arci). 

h,  <J  ad.  sk.  Calovevora,  Veragua  (Arc^).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

t.  cf  ad.  sk.  Santa  FtS,  Veragua  (Arce).  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

j.  Ad.  sk.  Veragua  (Arce).  Sclater  Coll. 

k,  I.  Ad.  sk.  Veragua  (Arce).  O.  Salvin,  Esq.  [P.l. 

m.  cJ  ad.  sk.  San  I*ablo  Station,  Panama  {Sal-  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

vin). 

n.   9  ad.  sk.  Panama  {McLeannan).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Ofp.  Ad.  sk.  V^^mrv\fi  {McLeannan).  Sclater  Coll. 

q.  Ad.  sk.  Ecuador  {Buckley),  Salvin-Godman  Coll, 


5.  Attila  citreopygius. 

Dasycephala  citreopyga,  Bp.  Compt.  Read,  xxxviii.  p.  057  ;  id.  Notes 
Om.  p.  80  (Nicaragua). 

Attila  citreopvgius,  Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  228,  1859,  pp.  41,  360, 
383;  id.  Ibis,  1859,  p.  438  (Mexico);  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  194;  Scl 
et  Salv.  Ibis,  1^59,  p.  120  (Guatemala)  ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1870,  p.  837 
(Honduras)  ;  Lawr.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  viii.  p.  7  (Colombia) ;  Bidgw, 
P.  U.S.  N.  M.  vi.  p.  385  (Nicaragua) ;  Bouc.  P.  Z.  S,  1883,  p.  449 
(Yucatan). 

Above  ferruginous  brown  ;  front  and  lores  whitish,  with  black 
shaft-stripes  ;  head  also  with  slight  black  striations  ;  rump  ochreous 
yellow ;  tail  bright  ferruginous  brown,  duller  at  the  tip ;  wings 
blackish,  margins  of  outer  secondaries  and  tips  of  wing-coverts 
pale  rufous :  beneath  white,  more  or  less  tinged  with  yellowish ; 


362  oannanM. 

throat  and  breast  more  or  lew  flammnlated  with  dark  dnereo 
Btriations ;  under  'wing-ooverts  and  flanks  ochracooue  yelloT ;  b 
hom-colonr;  feet  dark  brown  :  whole  length  7 '5  inches,  wing  3' 
taU3-3. 

ffab.  Soathern  Mexico,  Yacatsn,  Guatemala,  and  Nicaragua. 

This  seema  to  be  a  la^er  bird  than  A.  telaieri  and  more  femi; 
nouB  above,  but  it  raries  much,  and  some  examples  of  the  ti 
species  come  very  near  one  another.  In  specimen  n  the  under  3v 
face  ia  very  nearly  white  ;  in  e  and  /  it  is  ahnoat  entirely  of  a  ri' 
yellow. 

R.  Ad.  sL        Jalapa,  Mexico  (de  Oea).  Sclatar  ColL 

b,  c.  Ad.  sk.     Tizimin,      Nortnem     Yucatan        Salvm-Godroan  Cc 

(f.  cf  ad.  ak.      Choctum,  Vera  Fax,  OuatemaJa 
(Salvin). 

e.  Ad.  sk.  KhamkliBl,  Vera  Pax,  Guatemala 

(Salvin  Sf  Qodman). 

f.  Ad.  ak.  Vera  Faz,  Guatemala  (iSiilin'n). 
g,h.  Ad.8k.     Guatemala. 
i  Ad.  sk.         Guatemala. 
j.  Ad.  sk.         Guatemala. 

6.  Attila  oonmelie. 


Salvin -Godman  Cc 

Salvio-Godman  Cc 

Salvin-Godman  Cc 
O.  Salvin,  Esq.  [P. 
J.  Gould,  Eaq. 
Purchased. 


Attila  coinmeln,  Bidme.  Proe.  Biol.  Soc.  Wa^.  iii 
Attila  ep.  inc.,  Sah.  Oil,  I8B6,  p.  Ifll  (Ooiumel). 


p.  23. 


Apparently  only  different  from  A.  atreopygint  in  being  rath 
smaller  in  size,  and  paler  and  more  white  beneath.  The  specime 
of  A.  citreopyi/iui  from  Yucatan  (6  and  c)  are  barely  distingniahab 

Bab.  Coisumel  and  other  islands  of  Yacatan  coast. 


il  Island,  Yucatan  Salvin-Godman  C( 


8.    ATTILA.  363 

dohb,  flammulatod  with  cinereonB ;  belly  white  ;  flanks  yellowish  ; 
under  wing-coverts  pale  rufous ;  bill  horn-colour,  pale  at  the  base  ; 
feet  dark  brown  ;  whole  length  6-5  inches,  wing  3*5,  tail  2*6. 
Hah,  S.E.  Brazil,  Guiana,  and  Amazonia. 

a,  b.  Ad.  sk  Bahia,  Brazil  ( Wucherer),  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  Bahia,  Brazil.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  $  ad.  sk,  Yquitos,  Upper  Amazons  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(  Whitely), 
fjg,  Ad.sk.  Cayenne.  Purchased. 


8.  Attila  cinereus. 

Muscicapa  cinerea,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  p.  9:)3 ;  Mcur.  Beitr,  iii.  p.  853 ; 

Spix,  Av.  Bras.  ii.  p.  19,  pi.  26.  ti}?.  2. 
Dasycephala  cinerea,  Bjy.  ('misp.  i.  p.  108  ;  Bnnn.  Si/st.  Ueb.  iii.  p.  86 ; 

Cab.  et  Ileiii.  Mus.  Hein,  ii.  p.  14. 
Attila  cinereus,  Sclater,  I\Z.  S.  IS-")!),  p.  41  (lirazil)  ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B, 

p.  194 ;  Pelz.  Orn.  Bras.  p.  9.") ;  iSc7.  cf  Salr.  Nomencl.  p.  57. 
Attila  rufas,  Lafr.  Bev.  ZooL  1^48,  p.  40. 

Above  ferruginous  brown;  wings  blackish,  edged  with  brown; 
rump  more  cinnamomeous ;  tail  chestnut-brown  ;  head  cinereous  ; 
frout  whitish,  with  black  hairs  :  beneath,  throat  cinereous,  breast 
ferruginous  ;  belly  cinnamomeous  ;  under  wing-coverts  and  inner 
•  margins  of  wing-feathers  cinnamomeous  ;  bill  pale  horn-colour ;  feet 
brown :  whole  length  7*5  inches,  w^ing  3" 7,  tail  3*1.  Ftrrude 
similar. 

Hah.  S.E.  Brazil. 

Specimens  /,  rj,  and  h  are  rather  larger  and  have  more  cinereous  on 
the  neck,  but  other  examples  are  intermediate. 

a.  Ad.  St.  Brazil.  Purchased. 

h-d.  Ad.  sk.  Bahia,  Brazil  (  l\^u<lorer).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Bahia,  J5razil  (  Wucherer).  Sclater  Coll. 

/.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Sao  Pjiolo,  Brazil  {Joyner),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

g.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Sclater  Coll. 

A.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

i-k.  Ad.  sk.  Brazil.  M.  Claussen  [P.]. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Venezuela  (?).  Sclater  Coll. 


9.  Attila  citriniventris. 

Attila  citriniventris,  Sclater ,  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  40  (Upper  Amazons) ; 
id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  195 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Notnericl.  p.  57 ;  Tacz,  Orn, 
Pir,  ii.  p.  371. 

Above,  back  ferruginous  brown  :  rump  brighter,  cinnamomeous ; 
tail  chestnut ;  head  dark  cinereous ;  lores  dirty  white ;  wings 
blackish,  edged  with  brown  :  beneath  cinnamomeous  brown,  throat 
and  breast  darker,  chin  cinereous  ;  bill  and  feet  brown  :  whole 
length  6*7  inches,  wing  3'2,  tail  2'Q. 

Hah,  Upper  Amazonia. 


<m4  coioraiD^. 

This  Bpeciea  is  at  once  ^tioguishable  firom  A. 
dark  ferruginous  throat  and  shorter  bill. 

a.  Ad.  ak.  Upper  PeruTiaa  Amaxoiu.  SclateT  Coll. 

of  the  apecie 

10.  Attila  Talidns. 

Attila  yalidiu,  Pdz.  Om.  Bnu.  p.  05;  Scl.  tt  Solo.  Nomejid.  p 

Above  femiginoos  broTO,  head  greyish;  ramp  and  tail  ( 
not;  wings  blackish,  edged  with  brown  :  beneath  bright  cion 
meoos  brown,  rather  darker  on  the  breast ;  chin  elightly  cineru 
bill  clear  hom-colour ;  feet  brown :  whole  length  7  inches, 
3-8,  tail  3-1. 

Hah.  Uatto  Gtosbo,  Brazil. 

The  larger  size  and  lighter  head  at  once  distinguish  this  S] 
from  A.  eitriniventrit, 

a.  i^ad.  sk.     Matto  Grosso,  Brazil  (ifoMerer).     SclaterColl.  (Ai 

tic  specimen) 
6.  Ad.  ak.        BoUria.  T.  Bri^a  [C.]. 

11.  Attila  thanmophiloides. 

MoBUcapa  thamnophiloides,  Spix,  Ac.  Brat.  ii.  p.  19,  pL  26.  fi 
Attila  th&mnophUoides,  Sd.  P.  Z.  S.  136U,  p.  41  (Brazil)  ;  ii 

A.  B.  p.  195 ;  PeU.  Om.  Bras.  p.  96 ;  ScL  tt  Satv.  P.  Z.  S. 

p.  187  (B.  Ucsjali),  1867,  p.  577  (L,  Amazons),  1873,  p.  2) 

Peru) ;  iid.  Nomencl.  p.  57^;  Laywd,  Ibu,  1873,  p.  385  (! 

Sale.  Ibu,  1885,  p.  301  {Br.  Guiana);   Tacx.  Om.  FVr.  ii.  p. 
Dasjcephala  thamuopbiloidea,  Buna.   SyU.    Ueb.  iii.  p.  So 

Uonip.  i.p.  198 ;  Cab.  et  Hrin.  M\i».  Hon.  iL  p.  14. 
Thamnopfailtu  strenuug,  Set,  Cat.  A,  B,  p.  17S. 


9.   CA8I0BNI8.  365 


12.  Attila  torridoB. 

Attila  torridus,  ScL  P.  Z.  S.  1800.  p.  280  (Ecuador) ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B. 
p.  196 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  130  (W.  Peru) ;  iid. 
liomeneL  p.  57  ;  Tacz.  Om.  Per.  ii.  p.  372 ;  Tacz.  et  Berl.  P.  Z.  8. 


lenei.  p 
),  p.  Ill 


1886,  p.  118  (Ecuador). 

Above  clear  cinnamon-brown,  more  yellowish  on  the  rump; 
wings  blackish,  edged  with  brown  :  beneath  i)aler,  belly  yellowish 
like  the  rump ;  bill  dark  horn -colour ;  feet  pale  brown :  whole 
length  8  inches,  wing  4,  tall  3-5. 

Hah.  Western  Ecuador. 

This  species  is  distinguishable  from  A.  thamnophiloides  by  its 
larger  size  and  the  much  lighter  colour  of  the  back  and  rump. 

Oyb,  cT  ad.  sk.        Babahoyo,  Ecuador  {Fraser).        Sclater  Coll.    (Types 

of  the  species.) 
cAd.  sk.  Babahoyo,  Ecuador.  L.  Fraser  MC.]. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  San  Lucas,  Ecuador  (Buckley).     Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Sta.  Rita,  Ecuador  (Biicklei/).      Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


9.  CASIORNIS.  ^ 

"Casiomis,  ^/j.,"  I>e8  Murs,   Om.   CoMeln.  Voy.  p.  55 
(1866)    C.  rubra. 

This  is  a  weaker  form  of  AttUa.,  distinguished  by  its  smaller,  less 
hooked,  and  less  compressed  bill,  feebler  feet,  and  longer  tail.  The 
two  species  are  Brazilian,  one  ranging  south  to  Paraguay  and 
Northern  Argentina. 

Key  to  the  Species, 

A.  Whole  upper  surface  chestnut-brown 1.  rubra,  p.  365. 

B.  Back  dull  brown   ±  fuscay  p.  36(). 


1.  Casiornis  rubra. 

Suiriri  roxo,  Azaroj  Ajnmt.  ii.  p.  128. 

Muscicapa  rubra,    VieiU.  Aotiv.  Diet.  xxi.  p.  457;  id.  Enc.  M4th. 

p.  831. 
Dasycephala  rubra,  Bwin.  Syst.  Ueb.  iii.  p.  86. 
Casiomis  rubra,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  41 ;  id.   Cat.  A.  B,  p.   196 ; 

Pelz.  Om.  Bras.  p.  90 ;  Scl.  et  Sal  v.  Nimi€7ici.  p.  67  ;  iid,  P.  Z,  S. 

1879,  p.  618  (Bolivia) ;  Scl.  et  Iluds.  Ary.  Oim,  i.  p.  163. 
Muscicapa  hsematodes,  Licht.  in  Mus.  Berol, 
Tyrannus  thamnophiloides,  d'Orb,  Voy.,  Ois.  p.  309. 
Dasycephala  haematodes,  Bp,  Consp,  i.  p.  199 ;  Cab,  in  Wieym.  Arch, 

1847,  pt.i.jp.  222. 
Tyrannula  rufula,  Hartl.  Bev.  Zool.  1862,  p.  6. 
Casiomis  typus,  Des  Murs,  Orn.  Casteln.  Voy.  p.  66,  pi.  18.  fig.  1. 

Above  uniform  dark  chestnuts-brown  :  beneath  pale  cinnamon- 
brown,  lighter  on  the  throat ;  belly  slightly  yellowish ;  bill  brown. 


386  amxeiDX. 

polo  at  the  base  ;  feet  dftrk  brown  :  whole  Icngtii  6-4  iaches,  win 
3-4,  tail  3-2.     Female  similar. 

Nab.  8.E.  Brazil,  Paragaay,  and  N.  Argentina. 

a.  (J  ad.  ek.  Gqyai,  Brazil  (yaUerer).  Sckter  CoIL 

6.  5  ad.  ak.  S.E.  Braiil  (Eeinlutrdt).  Sclater  CoU. 

c.  Ad.  Bk.  Brazil.  Sclater  ColL 

d.  $  sd.ak  Oran,   Argentine  Republic  Sclater  Coll. 

(^WhiU). 

2.  Casiornia  foua. 

CHnoroin  fusca,  Sd.  et  Salv.  Nomend.  pp.  57, 150. 

Above  dull  brown ;  cap  and  tail  chestnut-red ;  wings  blackis 
edged  with  cbestnut-red :  beneath  pale  oianamomeoag,  lighter  c 
the  throat;  belly  pale  yellowish;  hill  pale  horn-colour,  paler  at  tl 
base ;  feet  brown  :  whole  length  5'5  inches,  wing  3,  tail  2'9. 

Hah.  fi.E.  Brazil. 

The  fuscous  back  and  yellower  belly  distinguish  this  from  tl 
former  species. 


a.  Ad.  sk. 

Bahia,  BrazU  (Wueher^). 

Sclater  CoU. 
(Type  of  the  specie 

b.  Ad.ak. 

Bshis,  Brazil. 

Sclater  CoU. 

c.  Ad.  sk. 

Bahia,  Brazil. 

Salvin-GodmonCc 

d.  Ad.  ak. 

Brazil. 

Salvin-Oodmaii  Cc 

Subfamily  IV.  RUPICOLIN^. 


10,  pnfflincocERetrs.  3(S7 

10.  PHffiNICOCERCUS. 

Tjpc. 
niiunicoreas,  Swaitu.  Fatiii,  /inr.-Ant,  ii.  p.  401  (l^*!!)  . .   I',  carnifcx. 
I'hcBnicDCerciu,  Cab.  JViq/m.  Areh.  xiii.  pt.  i.  p.  2'JQ  (1847)  P.  caniifes. 


End  of  wing  of  Phankocrrcm  niffrieo/lis. 

The  two  known  specioa  of  this  brilliant  gtnua  are  confined  to  the 
GuianoB  and  Amazonia.  The  malea  have  a  romarkablo  point  of 
structure  in  tho  ahorteuing  of  tiio  winga  and  the  curious  modifi- 
cation of  the  fourth  primary,  which  terminates  in  a  thickcnod  horny 
process. 

Key  to  Out  Speeits. 


1.  Fhffiiiicocercus  carnifex. 
Ampelis  carnifex,  lAnn.  S.  JV.  i.  p.  30^ 
Ampelia  coccioea,  Gm.  S.  iV.  i.  p.  &39. 
Ampehs   cuprea,    VieiU.   Noun.  Diet.  viii.   p.  163;  «t   Snc.  Mflh. 

p.  761. 
PhcBiuc^rcus  carnifex,  Sw.  Claea.  B.  ii.  p.  2-^4. 
Phoenicocercus  camifa.v,  Call,   ft  Ilein.   Mug.  Ilnn.  ii.  p.  08;  Ol6. 

in  Sehomh.  Ouimt.  iii.  p.  095;  Bp.  Cuiugi.  i.  p.  170;    liurm.  Sya. 

(Jet.  ii.p,  4;J0;  Scl.  Co/.  .-1.  fl.  p.  253;  SH.et  Sah.  F.  Z.  S.lmj, 

p.  680  (L.  Amajona) ;  iid.  Nomend.  p.  M  ;  Pels.  Om.  Briu.  p.  131 ; 

Zai/ard,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  385  (Paral;  Sah.  Ibin,  1885,  p.  304  (Brit. 

Ouioua). 

Above  dark  puri)Iish  brown,  becoming  blacker  on  the  nape ;  crown, 
alightl; crested,  and  rump  bright  scarlet;  wings  black  ;  outersccond- 
Bffics  and  coverts  chestnut-brown,  with  darker  edgings  ;  tail  bright 
Bcarlet.with  abroad  brownish  tip:  beneath  bright  scarlot,  throat  and 
breast  brownish ;  bill  dark  horn-colour ;  feet  yellowish  brown : 
whole  length  7  inchea,  wing  3-7,  tail  3.  Female.  Above  olive-brown. 
crown  of  head  and  tail  tinged  with  Bearlet :  beneath  brown,  abdomen 
stained  with  blood-red :  hill  and  feet  brown :  length  of  wing 
4'2  inches. 

Hah.  Cayenne,  Guiana,  and  Lower  Amazonia. 


I 
I 


«.  rfaist. 

e.  (JjL''.  at. 

e.  $  wLsL 
/.  (Jad.Bk. 


l,m.  cT  $  ad.Bk. 


a.  America.  J.  Flanfa,  Esq 

S.  Americft.  Purchased. 

S.  America.  nardwicke  Bt 

Britdah  Guiana,  R.  Geogr.  Soc. 

British  Quiana.  R.  Schomburg! 

Camscusa,    Brit.  Guiana            Sslvin-Godma 

Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana      SalTin-Godma 

{WhOeli/). 

Demerara.  W.  T.  Turner 


Cayenne. 

Cajeone. 

Bura  do  lUo  Negro  (Nat- 
Urer). 

Fara,  Lower  Amazona  (Wal- 
lace). 

Para,  Lower  Amazons  ( Wal~ 
taceX 

Faia,  Lower  Amazons. 


Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godmai 
Sclater  OoU. 


SalviD-Godmai 
J.  Gould,  Esq. 


2.  Phffinicocerciu  nigricollis. 
Ampelis  camifex,  ^ix.Av.  Brat.  ii.  p.  4,  pL  6, 
Pipra  cocduea,  Wagl.  Itit,  1830,  p.  938. 
Phcenicercos  nigricoUia,  Sie.  Faun.  Bar. -Am.  ii.  p.  491  (1 831) ;  id. 
B.  ii.  Ti.  254. 

270;  CtA.H  Hein. 
Peh.  Om.  Bra*,  p. 


Fbcenicocerciu  nigricollis,  Bp.  Cotup.  i. 

Nan.  ii.  p.  98;  Sd.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  3f 

Sel.etSah.P.Z "~ 

1873,  p.  S 

p.  371. 

AnipelU  merremii,  Leu.  Bev.  Zool.  1839,  f.  104. 
Fh<BQicocercuB  nigrigularis,  Set.  tt  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  978  (P 


P.  Z  S.  1866,  p.  667  (Ucayali),  1867,  p.  761  (E. : 
B  (E,  Peru)  ;  tid.  Ifomenel.  p.  68 ;   Tacx.  Om.  I 


11.  KCPicoi.A.  369 


11.  EUPICOLA.  ^ 

Rupicola,  Brisi.  Orn.  iv.  p.  437  (17«0) U.  crocea. 


End  of  the  outer  primary  of  Rupicula. 

This  splendid  and  much  isolated  form  of  the  Cotintjid<i>  is  spread 
over  the  northern  ])art  of  South  America  from  Venezuela  and 
Colombia  down  to  Bolivia,  but  does  not  occur  in  S.E.  Brazil.  It  is 
remarkable  amon<2:st  its  allies  for  it^  stronp:  feet  and  partly  feathered 
tarsi,  and  for  the  enormous  compressed  crest  which  covers  its  head. 
The  first  out^r  priinar)'  is  curiously  modified. 

The  nest  and  e^^gs  of  11,  pemviaiui  have  been  taken  by  Goudot 
(Rev.  Zool.  1842,  p.  1 )  and  by  Salmon  (P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  SiO). 


Key  to  the  Species. 

A.  Wing-coverts  oraiijie,   like   the   back;    tail 

brown,  tipped  \\'ith  pale  oran^re 1 .  cmrea,  p.  300. 

B.  Winpr-coverts  and  tail  black  : 

plumage  oran^re-rt'd 2.  juruviana^  p.  370. 

plumage  blood-red    3.  sanyuiiiolentUy  p.  371. 


1 


] .  Rupicola  crocea. 

Pipra  rupicola,  Lhni.  >S'.  2s\  i.  p.  ')3S;    WiujL  his,  1830,  p.  d'2H. 
Rupicola  crocea,  J'ieili.  Enc.  Mef/i.  p.  2lir);   Cah.  in  Schomb.  Guian. 

iii.  p.   r»i)4;  lip.   Consp.  i.  p.  170;  Bunn.  Si/.'it.    Ueb.  ii.  p.  437; 

Gould,  1\  Z.  S.  18^:9,  p.  iU);   (\ib.  ef  Ht'in.  Mus.  linn.  ii.  p.  98; 

Scl.   Cat.   A.   B.  p.   lV)3;   Peh.  Orn.  Brax.  p.   131;    Sol.  et  Sa/v. 

P.  Z.  S.  1807,  p. 'Wj  (Ii.  Amazons);  iid.   yotnencl.   p.  57 ;  Salv. 

Ibis,  188o,  p.  ;J04  (Br.  (iiiiana). 
Rupicola  eleprans,  >iieph.  Zool.  xiii.  ])t.  2,  p.  2."i7. 
Rupicola   aurantia,    Vifill.    (ial.    Ois.  ii.   p.  310,   pi.   189;    Schomb. 

Naumafin.  1^,50,  p,  34. 

Rupicola  cay  ana,  Stc.  Class.  B.  ii.  p.  253. 

Brilliant  orange ;  wings  brown,  with  a  broad  white  transverse 
bar;  secondaries  externally  edged  and  broadly  tipped  with  pale 
orange,  outer  secondaries  with  the  external  webs  produced  into 
filamenta ;  tail  blackish  brown,  tipped  with  pale  orange ;  bill  and 
feet  yellowish  :  whole  length  1 1  inches,  wing  7,  tail  3*7.  Female, 
Dark  olive- brown ;  rump,  tail,  belly,  and  under  wing-coverts 
stained  with  orange-brown. 

Hob,  Guiana,  Cayenne,  and  Lower  Amaaonia. 

VOL.  XIV.  2  B 


COTIX«IDJC. 


$«d.rt. 

S.America. 

Hardwipke  Beq 

,J«d.i«,d.$ 

'      Carimanit    r.,    Brit.   Guiana 

ad.;..  (J  jr.  8k.    (nn,ad„y 

aU.ik. 

Menimd   Mta.,    Brit.    GniaDa 

(miUly) 
River  AtApurow,  Brit  Guiana 

Salvin-Godman 

(jad.fi. 

SalTin-Godman 

(jrawy). 

J«d.ak. 

Catnncriiiia,    Brit.    Guiana 
(Whitfl;,). 

Salfin-Godnuu) 

{J  ad.  sk. 

Demarara. 

Salvin-Godmar 

cf  ad.  ik. 

Demarara. 

J.  (5oi.id.  r^. 

,  rfad.^k. 

Cayenne. 

SohterColl. 

/ad.ak. 

Cayenne. 

Silrin-Godraan 

>.  ^  ad.  sk. 

Cajenne. 

H.  C.  Rothery, 

acLtetcoll. 

rfjr.ak. 

Guia,  Rio  Negro  ( ITa/tow). 

Skeleton. 

Purchaatid. 

2.  Bnpicola  peniTlana. 

T^pra  rupieola,  var.,  Gm.  S.  2f.  i.  p.  908. 

Rpra  peruviana,  Lath-  Ind.  On.  ii.  p.  655 ;  Wai/t.  Itti,  le-W,  p 

Rnpicola  peruriana,  Duinont,  Dirt.  Se.  Kat.  j.Wi.  p,  463 ;  . 
Ene.  MHh.  p.  266 ;  fOrb.  fay.,  Oin.  p.  294 ;  Bp.  Contp.  i.  p. 
Cab.  ft  Hfin.  Mux.  Hnn.  ii.  p.  99;  Selalfr,  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  f 
(B{woIa),etl858,  p.  71  fEioNapo);  irf.  Cnt.  ^.  B.  p.  2.->,t;  ( 
P.  Z.  S.  1850,  p,  90;  WvaU,  IbU,  187),  p.  3.14  (Colrnnbia) 
tt  Salv.  Nomfnd.  p.  57 ;  'iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1867.  p.  751  (E.  Peru). 
p.  698  (S.  Peru),  1873,  p.  286  (E.  Peru),  1875,  pp.  2.3/ 
(Venezuela),  1879,  p.  618  (Bolivia)  ;  rnn:.  P.  Z.  8.  1874,] 
(C.  Peru),  1882,  p.  24  (N.E.  Peru);  id.  Ora.  Pfr.  u.  p. 
BeH.  J.  f.  O.  18**4,  p,  300  (BucaramaD|ra)  ;  Tacz.  tt  Berl.  F 
1885,  p.  93  (Eouador). 

Rupieola  peruana,  Ttei.  Faun.  Per.,  Om.  p.  142. 


11.    RUPICOLA. 


371 


p,  ^  ad.  «k. 
q.  ^  ad.  ak. 
r,  <.  cf  $  ad.  sk. 
t,  (J  jr.  ak. 

«.  c^  ad.  ak. 
V.  $  ad.  ak. 


Eaatern  Peru  (Farriti), 
Peru  (Barclay). 
Simacu,  Bolivia  (Btickfei/), 
Tilotilo,  Yungas,  Bolivia 

(Buckley), 
Boli\ia  (A  Forbes), 
Bolivia. 


Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
Salvin-Godmaii  Coll. 

Sclater  Coll. 
J.  Gould,  Esq. 


3.  Bnpicola  sangninolenta. 

Rupicola  sanguinolenta,  Gould,  P.  Z.  S.  18.")9,  p.  100 ;  Scl.  P.  Z.  S, 
1860,  p.  91  rXaneeal) ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  25:3;  Scl.  et  Salv.  KomeneL 
p.  57 ;  iid.  P.  Z.  iS'.^1879,  p.  519  (Antioquia) ;  Tacz.  et  Berl  P.  Z.  S. 
1885,  p.  116  (Xanejral). 

Rupicola  saturata,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  93. 

Similar  to  R.  peruviana.,  but  plumage  blood-red. 

Uah,  Western  Ecuador  and  Colombia. 

This  is  scarcely  more  tban  a  subspecies.  Bolivian  examples  of 
R.  peruviana  are  intormodiatc  in  tint,  as  are  also  those  from  Antio- 
qnia  referred  to  the  present  form. 

a,  b.  (S  «^d.  sk.      Quito,  Ecuador. 


e,  ^  ad.  ak. 
i2L  cf  &d-  sk. 
e.  cJ  ad.;/,  d 

jr.  ek. 
g,  S  ^'  Bk. 
h,  (S  ad.  sk. 
i,j,  (S  ad.  sk. 

k,  $  ad.  sk. 


Quito,  Ecuador  (Gould). 

Ecuador. 

Intac,  Ecuador  (Buckley). 

Ecuador  (Fraser). 
Quito,  Ecuador  ( Gould). 
Concordia,     Antioquia     {Sal' 

nwn). 
Vicinity  of  Medelliu,  U.  S.  C. 

(Salmon). 


(iould  Coll. 

( Tvpt'S  of  the  species.) 

Sftlviu-dodman  Coll. 

Pureha>e(l. 

Salvin-(t()dman  Coll. 

Sclater  Coll. 
(Jould  (^oll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Salviu-GoJman  Coll. 


Subfamily  V.  COTINGIN.E. 

The  typical  Cotingincp  contain  some  of  tlie  most  gorgeous  forms  of 
the  Neotropical  ornis.  Even  among  the  Pittas  and  Paradise-birds 
of  the  Eastern  tropics  few  can  compete  witli  the  members  of  the 
genus  Cotinga  in  beauteous  colouring,  and  in  some  of  the  other 
genera  of  the  subfamily  (P?/>r^o/f/  and  Xipholena)  the  dress  is  nearly 
equally  ornamental. 

The  typical  Cotinginct  are  most  abundant  in  the  ecjuatorial  forests 
of  South  America,  only  two  of  the  genera  having  representatives  in 
Central  America.  Southwards  they  extend  to  the  extreme  limits  of 
the  South- Brazilian  wood-region. 

Key  to  the  Genera, 

A.  Tail  deeply  forked 12.  PiUBALlTfiA,  p.  372. 

B.  Tail  squared. 

a.  I-ATger :  tail  lengtheued 13.  Tuuca,  p.  373. 

1>b2 


372  corntaiDJt. 

£.  Uodente-aiied :  tail  moderate. 
a'.  Hend  not  crested. 
a".  Win^  moderate. 

a'".  Bill  much  widened  ttt  base 14.  Ampklion,  p. 

h'".  Bill  more  compreseed. 
a*.  Wiii(r-covertB  nonnal. 

tT^llHmallet    16.  Pipreola,  p. 

i  am  lon^r la  Cotisoa,  p.  3 

6*.  Wio)f-covyrtB  len;rtLened  end 

stiffened 1".  Xipholexa, 

6".  Wings  much  elongated 18.  UARPODF.CTEfl 

V.  Head  crested. 

)  Bill  more' compressed    19.  Doliobnis,  p 

1  Bill  more  widened M.  Heliocheba, 

e.  Small-sized ;  tail  rery  abort. 

iNotcreatcd:  taillonper;  winpslong    21.  Iodoplei'ra, 
Crested;  tail  shorter;  wings  short. .     22.  Oalyptura, 

12.  PHIBALVBA.  ^ 

Phibalura,   VieiU.  A«alyie,  p.  31  (1810)     P.  flavi 

Chelidis,  Gloger,  Fi-ori^p',  Nollien,  >cvi,  p.  278  (1827) , .  P.  flavi 
Amphibolura,  Cah.  et.  Hein.  Mm.  Hein.  li.p.  103  (1850)   P.  flari 

This  is  a  verr  peculiar  type,  with  an  esceBsively  shor 
widened  bill  and  a  long,  deeply  cletl  tail,  and  perhaps  odj 
stand  in  a  separate  subfamily.     It  is  restricted  to  S.E.  Brazil. 

1 .  Phibalnra  SariroBtris. 

Phibalura  flavirostris,  Vieill.  Analynf,  p.  «8;  id.  Xouo.  DU 
p.  522;  id.  E«f.  Mith.  p.  784;  id.  f!nl.  Oiit.  ii,  p.  87.  i 
Tenim.  Ft.  Col.  118 ;  Sp.  Cb/up.  i.  p.  175  ;  Burm.  Si/H.  I 
p.  433 ;  Sd.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  264 ;  /V&.  Om.  Bras.  p.  131  : 

Sttlv.  Komii>/^.  p.  58. 


13.  TIJUCA.  —14.  AMPKLION.  373 

13.  TIJUCA. 

T>'pe. 

Tljucn,  Less,  Cent,  ZooL  p.  30,  pi.  vi.  (1830) T.  nigra. 

Clirysopteryx,  Sw.  Faun,  Bor,'Am,  ii.  p.  492  (1831) T.  nigra 

This  is  another  singular  S.E.  Brazilian  type,  unique  among  the 
Cotingidas  as  regards  the  black  colour  of  the  male,  and  also  remark- 
able for  its  strong,  compressed  and  incurved  bill,  and  elongated  tail. 

1.  Tijnca  nigra. 

Tijuca  nigra,  Le-ss.  Cent.  Zool.  p.  30,  pi.  vi. ;  id.  Tr.  d'Om.  i.  p.  326  ; 

Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  177  ;  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  2'i4  ;  *SV7,  et  ^Sah.  Nomencl. 

p.  68. 
Chrysopteryx  erythrorhynchus,  Sw.  Fmm.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  p.  492;   id. 

Class,  B\  ii.  p.  2o2. 
Ampelis  chrysopU'ra,  Nordm.  in  Enn.  7iVw.  ]>.  lo,  Atl.  pi.  x.  lig.  1. 
Ptilochloris  chrysopteru,  liunn.  >>ijst.  Ueh.  ii.  p.  4.>.'3. 
Chrysopteryx  nigra.  Cab.  et  Ilein.  Mi/s.  Jlcin.  ii.  ji.  lOJ. 

Above  and  beneath  black  ;  outer  webs  of  primaries  and  secon- 
daries, except  the  three  last,  bri;;ht  yellow;  inner  webs  of  basal 
part  of  wing-feathers  pale  yellow  :  bill  oninf^c-yellow  ;  feet  black: 
whole  length  11*5  inclies,  wing  5-s,  tail  4-().  Female.  Olive-green, 
beneath  paler,  belly  yellowish,  bill  dirty  orange,  feet  blackish. 

ffab,  S.E.  Brazil. " 

a,  cJ  ad.  5:t.  S.  America.  Lt.  Maw,  U.l^.  [P.]. 

b.  (^  ad.  sk.  Novo  Friboiir}ro,  Kio  df  Ja-     Salvin-Uodiiian  Coll. 

iieiro,  Brazil  {I'tfuds). 

Cyd.   <5  2  ad.  sk.         S.i:.  Hrazil.  Sdator  Coll. 

e,   cJ  ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

y.    c^jr.  sk.  S.  Aiin'rica.  Piin-liascd. 

ff,   cJjr.  sk.  S.  America.  Lt.  Maw,  U.N.  [P.]. 

14.  AMPELION. 

fvpe. 
Ampelion,  Cab.  in  Tsch.  Faun.  Prr.y  Aces,  p.  1.*m 

(1845) V.  cucuUatus. 

Carpomis,  Orai/y  Ocn.  o/  /A  i.  p.  '27'.^  {  1^4r>) V.  mclanncephalus. 

This  is  a  small  fj:ronp  of  line,  slron*;  l)ir{ls  of  ])revailing  green 
colour  in  both  sexes,  and  coinini^  naturally  after  Tijaca.  Eut  the 
tail  is  not  so  long  proportionately,  and  tlie  bill  is  shorter  and 
broader.  Ampdioa  is  found  throughout  the  forests  of  the  South- 
American  tropics,  but  does  not  extend  north  of  Panama. 

Kty  to  the  Spec'us. 

A.  Head  all  round  and  throat  black. 

a.  Back  brown 1.  cucullatusj  p.  374. 

b.  Back  olive-green. 

!With    slight    green    bands   below ; 
bill  dark     2.  melanocephabiSy  p.  374. 
With  broad  blaek  bands  below  ;  bill 
orange    3.  arcuatus,  p.  375. 

B.  Head  black,  throat  yellowish   4.  citictusy  p.  375. 


consoiojc. 

1.  Ampelion  cncallatiii. 
m  cqcuUbU,  Sk.  Zeol  III.  i.  p.  37. 

AmpelU  cucuUata,  Temm.  PI.  Cd.  363. 

AmpelinD  cucullatug,  Coi.  in  Ttch.  Faun.  Per.,  Avei,  p.  137  ; 
Syrt.  Utb.  ii,  p.  433, 

Ampelio  cuculUtua,  Cab.  tt  Hem.  Mas.  Hein.  ii.  p.  104 ;  St 
A.  B.  p.  2.J6  ;  Fth.  Om.  BrM.p.  l&i ;  Hamilton,  IbU,  1871, 
{BraiiU;  Scl.tt  Sale.  AWtmc/.  p.  58;  Jierl.J.f.  O.  1873, 
(S.  Brwll) ;  Berl.  et  Jher.  Zeitschr.  get.  Orn.  188.5,  p.  140  (I 
do  Sui). 

CarporDiB  cucullatus,  Bp.  Consp,  i.  p.  170. 

Head  and  nape  black  ;  iDterscapnlmm  brown,  bordered  by  ; 
towards  the  neck ;  rump  green ;  wings  and  tail  black,  inii 
with  green,  both  rows  of  wing-coverts  tipped  with  pale  y 
beneath  yellow,  throat  and  middle  of  breast  black  ;  bill  plumi 
feet  brown :  whole  lenf^h  i^  inchea,  wing  4-7,  tail  4,  1 
■imilar,  but  nut  so  dark  ;  hpsd  and  l.hroat  groeniah. 

Hab.  8.E.  Brazil. 

a.  cf  ad.  Bt.  S.  America.  Purchased. 

A.  ^  ad.  ak.  Rio,  Brazil.  Salvin-Godnu 

o,d.  i5  S  ^'  *^-  ^^<>v°  Fribourgo,  Rio  (  Fbwb).  Salvin-Godwa 

e,/.  (J  ad.  ak.  8a5  Paolo,  Brazil  (Jaynrr).  Salvin-Uodmu 

g.  (f  ad.  sk.  Bio  Claro,  Gojaz,  Brazil  (Joy-  Salvin-Godma 

h,i.  cT  $  ad.  sk.     Felotas,  Bio  Grande  do  Sul,  SalviD-Godiun 

Brazil  {Jvyner). 

i,  k.   cf  $  ad.  sk.      Lof  0  doa  Pnto^,  Rio   Qrasde  Sakia-Godmi 

do  Sul,  Brazil  (Siyer,). 

^  m.  cj  9  ad.  Ek.     BrazU.  Sclater  Coll. 

tt.  iS  ad.  sk.  Brazil.  Furcbased. 

0.  $  ad.  sk.  Brazil  J.  Gould,  Esq 


14.  AMPBLioy.  375 


3.  Ampelion  arcaatiu. 

Ampelis  arcuata,  Lafr,  Rtv.  Zool.  1843,  p.  98. 

Pyrrhorhynchus  arcuatus,  Bp,  Corup,  i.  p.  177. 

Ampelion  arcuatus,  Sclater^  P.  Z.  S.  1856,  p.  152  (Bogota),  1858, 

p.  553  (Riobamba),  et  1860,  p.  89  (Ecuador). 
Ampelio  arcuatus,  Scl,  Cat.  A,  B.  p.  25o ;  Scl.  et  Salv,  P.  Z.  S,  1870, 

p.  781  (Venezuela),  1870,  p.  618  (Bolivia);   u'd.  NomencL  p.  58; 

Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  540  (C.  Peru),  1882,  p.  24  (X.E.  Peru) ;  id, 

Om,  P^r,  ii.  p.  379 ;  Tacz,  et  Bed,  P,  Z.  JS,  1885,  p.  93  (Ecuador). 

Above  deep  green,  head  black  ;  wings  and  tail  black,  edged  with 
green  and  tipped  with  white :  secondaries  and  their  coverts  with 
clear  yellowish  spots  on  their  outer  webs;  some  of  the  upper  tail- 
coverts  with  black  cross  bands :  beneath  yoJlow,  with  regular  black 
cross  bands,  throat  and  breast  black  like  the  head  ;  under  wing- 
coverta  cross-banded  like  the  boUy  :  bill  and  feet  orange-yellow  : 
whole  length  S*d  inches,  wing  4*7,  tail  3*().  Female  similar,  but 
head  green  like  the  back,  and  throat  yellowish  with  black  cross- 
bars. 

Hah,  Venezuela,  Colombia,  Ecuador,  Peru,  and  Bolivia. 

The  orange  bill  of  both  sexes  and  strongly  barred  lower  plumage 
distinguish  this  fine  species  amongst  its  congeners. 

Oj  b.  (S  2  ad-  ^t.  HojjTota.  Purchased. 

Cy  d,  (^  $  ad.  sk.  Merida,  Venezuela  {Ooerhuj).  Salviu-Godman  Coll. 

e.  (S  ad-  sk.  Bogota.  delator  Coll. 

f.  2  ad.  sk.  Bof^ota.  Pun^hased. 

g,  (^  ad. ;    h,  (S  Colombia.  Salvin-Gudman  Coll. 
jr.  sk. 

1.  (^  ad.  sk.  Iiitac,  Ecuador  (Buckh^i/).  Salviu-Godman  Coll. 

j.  $  ad.  sk.  iMatos,  Ecuador  iFr(ts<'r).  Selatcr  Coll. 

k,  (S  ad.  sk.  Vicinity  uf  Quito,  I'kuador.  Salvin-Goduian  Coll. 

If  m,  (S  2  ^d.  sk.  Quito,  Ecuadur.  J.  (Jould,  Esq. 

n,  o.  cJ  5  ad.  fc>k.  Tilutilo,Yuiigas, Boii\ia(/yMr/i-  Salviu-Godman  Coll. 

p,   (^  ad.  sk.  Tilotilt),^  unjra^,  Bolivia  (i>'w<:7.-    Sclater  Coll. 


4,  Ampelion  cinctus. 

Ampelis  cinctus,  Tsch.  Wie(j7n.  Arch.  184.;,  i.  p.  3S5;  id.  Faun,  Per., 

AveSj  p.  13r). 
Ampelion  cinctus,  Sclaier,  P.  Z.  S,  1^55,  p.  ir>2,  pi.  civ.  (Bogota), 

et  1860,  p.  89  (Pallatanga) ;  Scl.  et  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  520 

(Antioquia). 
Ampelio  cinctus,  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  255;  Sd.et  Salv,  NomencL  p.  58; 

Tacz.  Om.  Pir.  ii.  p.  380 ;   Tac^.  et  Berl.  P.  Z.  S.  1885,  pp.  118, 

123  (Ecuador). 
Cotinga  tschudii,  Gray.,  Gen.  B.  i.  p.  279. 

Above  green,  with  round  black  shaft-spots  ;  cap  black ;  front  and 
line  round  the  nape  yellow  :    wings  blackish,  with    the   coverts 


broadly  edged  with  green  ;  tail  black,  tipped  with  yellowiah  whiti 
beneaUi  yellowish  green,  with  dark  greeniuh  or  blackiah  edgingu 
the  feathers ;  throat  and  crissum  yellowish  ;  bill  dark  plumbeous ;  fe 
reddish  brown  :  whole  length  7  inches,  wing  3'S,  tail  2'4.  Ftma 
nmilar,  bat  head  green  like  the  hack. 

ffab.  Colombia,  Eenador,  and  Peru. 

The  Bpottcd  upper  surface,  yellowish  throat,  and  short  tail  di 
tinguish  this  species  from  its  ailioB. 

o,  6.  S  ad.  Bk.      Psllatanffs,  Ecuador  (Frater).  Sclater  Coll. 

c,  d.  cJ  ad.  Bk.       Intan,  Ecuador  (llutkley).  SBlvin-Gi)dman  Cc 

t,f.  cT  $  ad.  sk.    Frontino,  Autioquja,  U.  S.  ('.  t^Ivin-Godnjan  Co 

{Salmon). 

g.  tj  ad.  *k.  Bc^ta.  Sclnter  Coll. 

h.  3  ad.  Bt.  Bo^ta.  Purchased. 


15.  PIPREOLA  •, 


Euchlomis,  I)e  FHi/ipi,  Mut.    Medio!.,    An.   Vert. 

cl.  u.  p.  31  (1847)    P.  rieffi.ri. 

PyrrhorhjncliuB,  Lafr.  Set.  Zool.  184y,  p.  103  ....  P.  TJridie. 
^rorbjnchua,  Sp.  Comp.  Vol.  Animd.  p.  6  (1854)  .  P.  viridifl. 
EuchloroniiB,  Vab.  el  Jfein.  Mu».  ffein.  ii.  p.  lO-'l 

(185ti)    P.  riefleri. 

After  Ampelion  comes  very  naturally  the  splendid  genus  Pijireo- 
also  generally  clad  in  bright  green  colours,  but  beautifully  adorned, 
the  male  se>,  with  patches  of  scarlet,  orange,  and  yellow,  Pipreola 
a  feebler  form  than  Ampelion,  with  smaller  beak  and  shorter  tar 
It  extends  ell  over  Amazonia,  Guiana,  Yencnuela,  and  Colombia,  b 
is  not  met  with  in  the  S.E.  Brazilian  subrcgion,  nor  anywhere  noi 


15.   PIPRBOLA.  377 

e".  Throat  and  breast  yellow 7.  aureipectui,  p.  380. 

&'.  External  secondaries  without  white  ends. 
/'.  Head  black : 

I  breast  black 8.  Jubomirskii,  p.  880. 

I  breast  orange     J),  juctindaj  p.  t481. 

^',  Head  green    10.  elet/atis,  p.  381. 

B.  General  plumage  greenish  cinereous ;  super- 

ciliaries  yellow 11.  whiteli/iy  p.  381. 


I.  Pipreola  riefferi. 

Ampelis  riefferi,  Boiss.  Ber.  Zrtol.  1840,  p.  3. 

Eucnlomis  riefterii,  I)e  Fil.  Mm,  Medio).,  Aves,  p.  \'2. 

Pyrrhorhvnchus  rietii'ri,  L'p.  Comp.  \.  j).  177. 

Pipreola  riefferi,  Scl.  P.  Z.  S.  J.S")4,  p.  113  (Ecuador),  1855,  p.  153 
(Bogota);  iV/.  An/i.  N.  II.  scr.  l?,  xvii.  ]>.  -ir»l»;  id.  Cat.  A.  li, 
p.  *2iA\  id.  Iditif  1^7H,  p.  l(Wj;  «S:'/.  ct  *SV^/r.  Nomcfici.  p.  58;  iid. 
P.  Z.  K  1S71),  p.  51$)  (Antioqiiia):  Tarz.  P.  Z.  >>.  lHSi>,  p.  24 
(N.E.  Peru);  id.  Orn.  Per.  ii.  p.  ;;75:  Prrl.  J.f.  ().  1884,  p.  30(5 
(BucaraiuaiifTa). 

Euchloromis  rietl'eri,  Cah.  ct  Ilvin.  Mn^.  lli/i.  ii.  p.  lOo. 

Above  bright  green,  hcid  darker  and  more  blackish  ou  tlie  front ; 
wings  and  tail  dark  brown,  ed^ed  with  <:reen  ;  outer  secondaries 
tipped  with  white  :  beneath  ])ri^ht  green,  throat  and  lore  neck 
darker  :  slight  pectoral  collar  and  middle  of  the  belly  bri.u:lit  yellow  ; 
under  wiug-c^>verts  pale  yellowish  :  sides  of  ])elly  llammulated 
with  green  ;  bill  and  feet  yellowish  white  :  whole  lenj^th  7  inches, 
wing  3'i),  tail  ti'\K  Knuile  similar,  but  head  and  throat  green  like 
the  back. 

Hub,  Colombia  and  Ecuador. 

a.    (S    ad.  ;  l>ogota.  Purchased. 

6.  Pull.  St. 

c,  d.  (S  ad. ;  Bogota.  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  $  ad.  sk. 

ffP.  (S  ad.;  Doj^^ota.  Salvin-Gudman  Coll. 

h.  $  ad.  sk. 

f.  (S  ad.  sk.  Ii(i;i-ota.  J.  (lould,  Ksq. 

;.  cT  ftd.  ."k.  Kelir.),    Antioquia,    U.S.  (\       iSalvin-(.Todnian  Coll. 

(Sahnnii). 

k,  $  ad.sk.  Santa  i-]l"i)a,  U.S. ('.( .s'(7///?o//),    Salvin-(iodman  Coll. 

/.  (^  ad.sk.  Vieiuity  of  (^uito,  Mcuadctr.        Salvin-tiodnian  Coll. 

•«,  71.  cJ  2  ad.  sk.  San   Luca-,   Kcuador  (  I'd/d-     Salviu-Ciodnian  Coll. 

(/otncz). 

2.  Pipreola  melanolsema. 

Pipreola  molanoljpnin,  'Ve/.  Afui.  cV  Mat/.  j\".  H.  ser.  2,  xvii.  p.  469; 
id.  P.  Z.  *S'.  IHCO,  i.p.  (J:i,  (-.7  ( Pallatanga),  1873,  p.  780  (Peru)  ;  id. 
Cat.  A.  n.  p.  L>54;  id.  loif^,  1878,  pp.  1()0,  107  j  S(i.  et  Sal  v. 
P.  Z.  K  lf<(\x,  p.  (528,  et  1870,  p.  781  (Venezuela),  1873,  p.  180 
(Peru)  ;  iid.  Aotuend.  p.  58;  Tacz.  ct  Perl.  P.  Z.  *5>'.  1885,  p.  Il8 
(Ecuador). 


£ucbloronii«  meUoolEenia,  Cab.  tt  Hem.  Mat.  Betn.  n.  p.  10.1. 
Ampelis  viridis,  TtiA.  Faun,  Per.,  Auei,  p.  135  (1*). 
Ilpreok  viridis,  Taez.  V.  Z.  S.  1874,  p.  640  (C.  Peru)  (P). 
PipreoU  viridis  intermijdiA,  Tac-z.  Orn.  Pir.  ii.  p.  377  (?  j. 

Above  bright  green  ;  head  black ;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  edg 
with  green ;  outer  eecoudarice  tipped  witb  white :  lieiieath  gree 
whole  of  throat  and  fore-neck  black,  bordered  beneath  by  a  sarrc 
yellow  baud ;  middle  of  belly  and  flammulations  on  each  si 
bright  yellow  ;  uoder  wing-coverts  white,  tinged  with  yellow  ;  b 
and  feet  pale  yellow ;  tip  of  tail-feathers  whitish :  whole  long 
7  inches,  wing  3'6,  tail  !)'2.  Female  similar,  but  head  and  thrc 
green  like  the  back. 

Ifab.  Venezuela,  Ecuador,  and  Peru. 

This  form  is  only  distingtiishnble  from  P.  rtefferi  by  the  bla 
head  and  throat  of  the  male,  and  the  slight  whitish  ends  to  t 
tail-feathers,  and  is  thus  intermediate  between  P.  riefferi  a 
P.  viridis. 

a.  $  ad.  sk,  Caracas,  Venezui^la  {Qoering).  Salvin-Godnian  Ci 

b.  (J  ad.sk.  tlerida,  Venmaela  (^Goeriiu/).  S&lTin-UodmoD  C< 
e,d.  c;  $ad.ak.  Venezuela,  Bclater  Coll. 
e,/.  (J  9  ad.  sk.  Intnc,  Ecuador  (BucJdey).  Sclater  ColL 
p.   (J  ad.  si  ^      \      ... 


OhiUanes,  Ek^Liador  {Fra 


■r)- 


Sclater  Coll. 


3.  Fipreola  TuidiB. 

Ampelis  Tiridis,  dOrh.  H  Lafr.  Syn.  Av.  p.  40;  d^Orb.  Voy.,  i 
p.  298,  t  XXX.  fig.  a;   Tech.  Favn.  ftr.,  Ave*,  p.  1*5. 

I^preola  melanolwma,  Set.  et  Sola.  P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  136;  Sal.  P.  Z 
1873,p.  780  (S.  Peru). 

Pipreola  viridis,  Sd.  Am.  ^  Mag.  JV.  H.  ser.  3,  ivii.  p.  409; 
Jftw,  1878,  pp.   160,   167;   Set.   et   Salr.   P.  Z.  S.  18/9    -     ' 


15.  r:rKuc»Li.  379 

gmn ;  outer  secondarieF  tapped  wirh  wHiie  :  beneath  yeUow.  throat 
black  like  the  bead  :  iiyrt^neck  6canel :  danks  pven  :  under  wing- 
eorerts  yeUowiwh  white :  l-ill  Te!lowi>h :  feet  plombeou? :  whole 
length  6"5  indies,  wins  3-5,  tail  1^-4.  />  #.'•/<,  Above  green.  se<"Ou- 
daries  tipped  with  white  :  W:  titb  }  ellowish,  with  numerous  pret'n 
Innulations. 

Bah,  Venezuela, 

The  yellow  beDv,  bi-od-rei  n^-vk.  ::nd  :«I:i'.k  throa:  at  once  dis- 
tinguish  this  spe<-ies  from  o:hers  ol  tLis  gri^up  with  white  endings 
to  the  outer  secondaries. 

o,h.  c^  $ad.  sk.     Car:*?.  V-r>2Ur'.&  •  O-.^^^in:^.         Svli.>r  ('"ll. 

c.  c^ad.  flk  Canioa.*.  V-:,rZLi-lh    'x-.<%//y».       >a'i\i:.-<i*iiinan  Coll. 

d,e,  ^  2^d.  fV.    Pu»rr.'  Cil-rll  .  V-L-ezu'rla  J.  (i-iil«i.  K>q. 

/.    Jad.  8k.  K:-.  N.-.t-  .  E.-^i-i  r.  >-:a:vr  (oil. 

y.  <j  ad.  ak.  V-L-zu-.^a.  I'lircha^-d. 


5.  Pipreola  frontalis. 

Eochlomis  frorital:-.  >/  /.  1\  Z.  >.  1^.>.  p.  44H  :  ///.  ^-l/,w.  J;-  J/j^.  X  //. 

aer.  3,  vol.  iii.  y».  4^-). 
Pipreola  frontalis.  ."^ /.  Ih<,  l^'^,  ja..  1»J«"»,  1  «'•!».  pi.  vi. :  Scl.  et.  Saiv. 

F.  Z.  S,  l^n*.  p.  f.l-  ,  B.,;:^  ia  ,. 

Above  bright  greent  j:rowing  d.irker  on  tlic  head,  and  alinojst 
black  on  the  fruLt  :  outer  >c(uiid,irie.>  uith  wl.itc  terminations  : 
beneath  yellow,  throat  ahd  lure-nerk  l>ri::iit  M-arlet  ;  thinks  and 
lower  belly  barred  with  j:rt:en  :  ini<i«r  win^-coveits  while,  tintct'd 
with  yellowish;  bill  r:nd  leet  yellnw  :  wliule  len^Mh  <>  inehes, 
wing  3*4,  tail  '2>.  F'liioh..  Ao«>v.'  L^rten  ;  slight  frontal  band 
yellowish;  outer  >oeoi,darie:>  witli  '^\iiite  tj-rniinations :  beneath 
green  ;  middle  of  throat  } cHow.  tini:«.d  witli  .scarlet  ;  belly  ycllowibh, 
with  slight  green  cros— l»ar.s ;  bill  and  tett  jale  ]>rown. 

Ifab.  Bolivia. 

tf.  (S  ad.  sk.  Pii.dn,  E<Miad'«r  (liiirhhi/).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

^>  ^'  d  2  ad.  s-k.    Tilotilc,  Yuijras,  KoIiNia  {llvrk-   ^^ulvin-Godman  ColJ. 


0.  Pipreola  sclateri. 

Euchlornis  sclateri.  Cornnlia,  Coutr.  Oni.  18.'l\  p.  \'V^>,  pi.  101;   id. 

Rev.  et  May.  de  Zttid.  irO-'J,  p.  107,  pi.  4. 
Pipreola  sclateri,  Scl.  P.  Z.  JS.  l^o4,  p.  113  (Ecuador);    id.  Aim.  Sf 

May.  X.  JI.  «r.  2,  xvii.  ]>.  4()J);   id.  Ihi^,  1^78,  pp.  lOO,  170;  Salv, 

Ibis,  1874,  p.  ;>L^4  ;  ^W.  et  *bV//r.  Nvmeticl.  p.  58;  lid.  P.  Z.  S.  1880, 

p.  155. 

Above  green,  lores  dark ;  outer  secondaries  with  white  ends : 
beneath  green,  throat  and  breast  scarlet ;  middle  of  belly  pale 
yellow;  under  wing-C(»verts  white ;  bill  yellowish,  with  black  tip  ; 


380  commD.v. 

feet  yellow,  with  black  ulawa  :  whole  length  4-8  iaches,  wing 
tail  1-8.  FenittU.  Above  green,  secondaries  lipped  with  whit 
beneath  green,  with  numerous  yellow  undulations  ;  bill  and  fe 
brown. 

ffab.  Eastern  Ecuador. 

This  Bpeeiea  is  easily  recognized  by  its  small  sine  and  blood-ri 
breast.  This  colour  is  bordered  below  by  green,  not  yi'Uow  as 
P.  frontalit. 

a,  6.  ij  ad. ;  c,  if.  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  {BiKkley).  Salvin-Oodmao  C'c 

$  ad.  sl(. 

(,/.   ,J$Bd.  sk.  Saravacu,  Ecuador  (fiuoA-/<-y).  Sclater  Coll. 

g.  d  tA.;h.  iS  Kio  Napo,  Ecuador.  J. Gould,  Eaq. 


7.  Pipreola  anreipectoa. 

Ampelis  aureipectus,  Lafr.  Eev.  Zvol.  1843,  p.  66;  id.  Mag.  de  7m 
1843,  pi.  3ft. 

Pyrrhorlivnchus  auieipectus,  Bp.  dmnp.  L  p.  177. 

Pipreola  aureipectus,  ticlat.  P.  Z.  &  1850,  p.  153  <Bogota) ;  id.  At 
^  Mag.  N.  II.  ser.  2,  xvii.  p.  4(!tl;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  2^>5;  id.  It 
1878,  pp.  \m.  171 ;  Scl.  el  Salv.  Nonmicl.  p.  68 ;  iid.  P.Z.ti.  IS 
p.  C20  (Antioquift) ;  Tai.-z.  P.  '£.  S.  18i^5,  p.  1>4  (N.E.  Peru). 

EuchloromiB  aureipectus,  Cii5,  et  Ilein.  Mitt.  Hein.  ii.  p.  103. 

Above  bright  green ;  external  secondaries  slightly  tipped  wi 
white;  lores  darker:  beneath  bright  green;  throat,  breaGt,  a 
middle  of  belly  bright  yellow  ;  sides  with  slight  yellow  striation 
under  wing-coverta  yellowish  white  ;  hill  yellow  ;  feet  browi 
whole  length  6'5  inches,  wing  3'5,  tail  2'6.  Fejnale.  Above  gre< 
with  white  ends  to  the  outer  Bccondaries ;  beneath  green,  with  slig 
yellow  striationa  ;  bill  and  feet  brown. 


15,    PIPRXOLA.  381 

ThiB  species  generally  resembles  P,  melanolcema,  but  has  no  white 
ends  to  the  external  scoondarica. 

fl.  (^  ad.  sk.  Tambillo,  Teru  {^Stolzmann).  Sclater  Coll. 

(Authentic  specimen.) 

9.  Fipreola  jnciinda. 

Pipreola  jucunda,  Sclater ^  P.  Z.  S.  1S60,  p.  89,  pi.  clx.  (Ecuador)  ; 
id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  25,3;  id.  Ibis,  1878,  pp.  160,  171 ;  Scl  et  Sah. 
Nomencl.  p.  68 ;  BerL  et  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1884,  p.  208,  et  1885,  p.  121 
(Ecuador). 

Above  bright  green  ;  whole  head  black  ;  beneath,  chin  and  throat 
black ;  large  pectoral  patch  orange,  bordertjd  with  black  ;  middle  of 
belly  and  crissum  bright  yellow  ;  sides  of  breast  and  flanks  green  ; 
under  wing-coverts  sulphur-yellow  ;  bill  yellow  :  feet  brown  :  whole 
length  G*G  inches,  wing  3-7,  tail  2*(>.  Female.  Above  green  ; 
beneath  green,  belly  Hammulatcd  with  y(jllow  ;  ])ill  pale  brown  ; 
feet  dark  brown. 

Ilah.  Ecuador. 

a.   cJ  ad.  sk.  Cachi     Uncta,     Ecuador  Sclater  Coll. 

{Frf/s^r).  (Typ*^  <'f  ^lic  species.) 

bf  e.   c^  ad. ;  ef.  2        lutac,  P]cuador  (/>acZ:/^»//).  iSalvin-Godman  Coll. 

ad.  sk. 

e,/.    (S  ad.  sk.  Quito,  Ecuador.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

g.   cJ  ad.  sk.  Ecuador  {Bnvhhnj).  Sclatt-r  Coll. 

h.    2  ad.  sk.  Ecuador.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

10.  Pipreola  elegans. 

Ampelis  elefrans,  Tsch.  Wicym.  Arch.  1843,  i.  p.  384 ;  id.  Fauna  Per.j 

Avesj  p.  135. 
Pipreola  elefrans,  Sri.  Ann.  Ss'  Mnr/.  X.  If.  ser.  2,  xvii.  p.  4G0  (185(>)  ; 

id.  Ibis,  lb78,  p.  172 ;   Tacz.  Oni.  Per.  ii.  p.  378. 

Bright  green,  rather  darker  on  the  head  ;  front,  sides  of  head,  and 
top  of  throat  black  ;  larg(^  pectoral  patch  yellow,  bordered  by  a 
black  margin  below  ;  middle  of  abdomen  yellow,  sides  green  ;  bill 
yellow  ;  feet  flesh-colour  :  whole  length  7  inches,  wing  ^SSy  tail  3*1. 

Hah.  Central  Peru. 

Distinguished  from  P.  jucunda  by  its  green  head  and  yellow 
breast.  I  have  examined  the  type  of  this  species  in  the  Museum  of 
Neuchatel. 

11.  Pipreola  whitelyi. 

Pipreola  whitelyi,  Sah.  et  Godm.  Ibi%  1884,   p.  449;    Salv.  Ibis, 
1885,  p.  304,  et  1886,  p.  502,  pi.  xii.  (Br.  Guiana). 

Above  cinereous,  washed  with  green  except  on  the  head ;  long 
Buperciliaries  and  narrow  neck-coUar  at  the  back  of  the  head  golden 
yellow  ;  wings  and  tail  blackish,  edged  with  brownish  yellow  : 
beneath  cinereous,  with  a  slight  greenish  tinge  ;  broad  pectoral 
band  crimson,  passing  into  golden  yellow  on  the  sides ;    crissum 


382  conHsisx. 

rnfoas  ;  bill  aoarlet ;  feet  oraoee-yoUowish  :  whole  length  7  inch 
wing  3*6,  tail  2*7.  Female.  Above  olive-green ;  superciliaries  a 
Bidea  of  nock  vrasbed  with  golden  :  wings  aad  tail  blackish,  wi 
golden-green  mai^ns  ;  beneath  pale  yellow,  covered  with  numero 
dark  groen  ahaft-atripes ;  cria^nim  yellowiBh. 

HtA.  Interior  of  British  Guiana. 

This  is  quite  a  distinct  form,  remarkable  for  ita  coral-red  bill  ai 
bright  scarlet  pectoral  band. 

a,h.  tJ  ad.;  c.  S    Mt.  Twek-quev,  Carimang  r.,  Salvin-God  man  Coll. 

ad.  ak.  Brit.  Guiana  ( IVAMy). 

d.   ^ad.  Bk.             Roraima,    Brit.    Ouiana  Sal vin-Oodman  Coll. 

C  Whitehj).  (Typea  of  the  specie 

16.  COTDIOA.  „ 

Tjpe. 

Cotinga,  Briu.  Om.  ii,  p.  339  (17G01 C.  cssruiea. 

PorphjrolEBma,  Bp.  Coiap.  Vol.  Anuod,  p.  6  (1454)  C.  porphyrolien 
Hjlocoemia,  Smd.  An.  Mtlh.  Tent.  p.  02  (1872)  . .   C.  cserulea. 

In  Cotinga,  the  seven  or  eight  known  species  of  which  are  diet 
bnted  over  the  tropical  forests  of  America  from  Guatemala  to  Braz 
the  splendid  decoration  bestowed  upon  this  family  of  birds  reach 
its  acme.  The  green  of  the  last  two  genera  is  here  replaced  by  tl 
most  gorgeous  tinta  of  bine  and  purple  in  the  male  sex,  while  tl 
females  have  retired  into  dresses  of  various  shades  of  brown.  ] 
eitemal  structure  the  chief  peculiarity  exhibited  by  Cotinga  is  tl 
greater  or  less  acumioation  of  the  outer  primaries. 

Key  to  the  Speeieg. 
A.  Throat  and  belly  purple-red. 

.  Without  any  breast-band 1.  earuita,  p.  ST" 


16.   WTINOA. 


383 


Cotinga  cflBrulea,  ScL  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  256;  Pelz.  Om,  Bras.  p.  132; 
8cl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z,  S.  1867,  p.  o80  (L.  Amazons) ;  iid,  ^omencl, 
p.  58;  Salv,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  a06  (Brit.  Guiana);  id.  Cat.  Strickl. 
Coll.  p.  329. 

Abore  bright  blue ;  wings  and  tail  black  :  beneath  bright  reddisb 
parple ;  sides  of  belly  and  cris-suiu  blue  like  the  back  ;  under  wing- 
coverts  black ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  7  inches,  wing  4*5, 
tail  2*6.  Female.  Above  brownish  black,  with  slight  whitish 
terminal  bands  on  the  feathers:  beneath  ochraceous  white,  with 
dark  central  spots  ;  under  wing-coverts  pale  reddish  ochraceous. 

Ilab.  Cayenne,  Guiana,  and  Rio  Xegro. 


a.  c?  &d.  St. 
h.  <J  jr.  St. 

«,  d.  (5  ad. ;  e.  $ 

ad.  sk. 
/.  (S  ad. ;  g.  c? 

ad.  var.  sk. 

h.  c?  .a<i- ;  «>/ 

c?  jr.  sk. 
kfl.  (S  2  ad.  sk. 
m.  c?  ad. ;  w.  (j" 

jr.  sk. 
o.  (S  ad.  ak. 


Cayenne. 
Cayenne. 

Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana 

(  ^mtvhf). 
R.   Attapurow,  Brit.  Guinna 

(  mnfehj). 
Carinianpr    r.,    Brit.     Guiana 

Cayenjie. 
S.  Araprica. 

S.  America, 


Purrlm.^ed. 

H.  C.  Rotherv,  Esq. 

Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

iSalvin-Godman  Coll. 

Siilvin-Godnian  Coll. 

Sclator  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

J.  Gould,  Esq, 


2.  Cotinga  cincta, 

Cotinffa  du  Bresil,  Davh.  PL  Enl  1?^H. 

Ampelis  ciurta,   Kuhl,   Bitff.  t't  Daub.  Fi(f.  nv.  col.  nom.  St/sf.  p.  4 

(1820);  StnHL   Ann.   X.    II.  viii.  p.  873 ;    Burm.  Syst.  ^Ueb.  ii. 

p.  4»30;   Cah.  et  Jlcin.  Mu-^.  Hein.  ii.  p.  lOo. 
Cotinga  cincta,  Gray.,  (urn.  Ii.  i.  p.  1^71  >:  ScL  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  256;  Scl. 

et  Salv.  NomcncL  *p.  58 ;  Sa/r.  Off.  Stridd.  CoU.  p.  329. 
Ampelit^  superba,  ShuWy  Nat.  Misc.  xix.  pi.  821. 
Ampelis  cot inpra,  I'ici/L  Enc.  Mrfh.  p.  7<»1 ;  Shaw^  Nat.  Misc.  xix. 

pi.  817;  Ma.r.  Beifr.  iii.  p.  31)1. 
Cotinga  aerulea,  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  175. 

Above  bright  blue,  wings  and  tail  l)la('k :  beneath  ])right  reddish 
purple  ;  a  narrow  breast-band,  sides  of  the  belly,  and  crissiim  bright 
blue  like  the  back  ;  under  wing-coverts  black  tinged  with  blue  ; 
bill  and  feet  black  :  whole  length  8  inches,  wing  4*7,  tail  2'S. 
Female.  Above  blackish,  with  ochraceous  margins  to  the  feathers  : 
beneath  reddish  ochraceous,  with  central  black  spots  to  the  feathers ; 
crissum  and  margins  of  inner  webs  of  wing-feathers  reddish  ochra- 
ceous. 

Hub.  South-east  Brazil. 


a.  (^  ad.  St. 

b.  5  ad.  8t. 

c.  6  jr. ;  d.  2 

ad.  sk. 
^/  6  2  ad.sk. 
ff.  (S  ad.  sk. 
h.  (S  ad. ;  f .  cJ 

jr.  sk. 


Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Bahia,  Brazil  {Wucherer). 

Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Brazil. 


Purchased. 
Sudbury  Mus.  [E.l. 
Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
J.  Gould,  Esq. 


coTiNaiDJt, 


3.  Cotinga  anuibilJs. 

Cotingk  amalnlis,  Gould,  P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  64,  pi,  cxxiii.  (GnateD 

Sclater,  P.  Z.  S.  18W,  p.  252  (S.  Mexico) ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p. 

Scl.  tt  Sah.  IbU,  1869,  pp.  4,  6,  126  (Vera  Paz);  iid.  N<y. 

p.  59 ;    Xaicr.  Ann.  Li/e.  N.  Y.  is.  p.  117  (Costa  Rica) ;  t 

J.f.  0.  1869.  p.  310  (Cosla  Rica). 
Ampelia  amabilia.  Cab.  J.f.  O.  1861,  p.  253  (Costa  Rica). 

Above  Bhining  blue  (ligbter  than  in  C.  eincia) ;  wings  an( 
black,  wj'tb  Blight  bluish  edginpra :  beneath  dark  reddish  pu 
broad  band  acrues  the  breast,  sides  of  breast,  bell}-,  and  cri 
blue  like  tbe  back;  bill  and  feet  black:  whole  length  8  ir 
wing  4-5,  tail  2'(3.  Frmah.  Above  blackish,  with  num 
whitish  terminal  spots  ;  wings  and  tail  blackish  :  beneath  gc 
white,  with  black  central  uhaft-spots ;  erissum  and  under-" 
ooverte  white. 

H^.  Guatemala  and  Costa  Rica. 

The  broader  pectoral  band  and  the  reduced  size  of  tho  p 
belly-patch,  besides  the  lighter  shade  of  the  blue,  distingaisb 
species  from  C  cinela. 

>.  (J  $  ad.  et. 
[.  rf  ad.  «k. 
rad.j/.  (T 


16.  ocxmaA.  88fir 

6.  CotingE  oijtiuu 

AmpeHs  oiyaiuuXwn.  8.  N.  i.  p.  298;  VtM.  £nc  MM.  p.  764; 
Arm.  %i«.  C7a(.  iL  p.  439;  GA.eimm.  Mm.  Bern.  iL  p.  106. 

Ootingade  Oayf^iiie,  lAsii6.  PL  BnL  624. 

Ootiiigm  cayanay  ^  Om^.  L  p.  175;  &<:  Cin^  A  ^.  p.  266 ;  Asb. 
Om.  Brat^.  163;  iM.  «<iSWr.  P.  Z.  8. 1866,  p.  191  (R  Ueayali), 
1867,  p.  580  (L.  Amaions),  p.  751  (E.  Pera),  p.  978  (Amaioiiia), 
1878,  p.  285  (E.  Peru),  et  1879,  p.  618  (Bobvia) ;  ud,  NamencL 
p.  69;  Taez.  Om.  P^.  ii.  p.  884;  8alv.  IbiM,  1885,  p.  805  (Brit 
Guiaiia). 

Ampelis  cayennensiB,  d'Orb,  Voy.^  Ois,  p.  297  (Bolivia). 

Above  brigbt  sbining  blue,  sbowing  black  central  spots  on  some 
Ibathers  ;  wings  and  tail  black,  tbe  former  more  or  less  edged  with 
Une:  beneath  blue  as  above:  whole  throat  deep  reddish  purple; 
inner  webs  of  secondaries  edged  with  white;  bill  and  feet  black: 
whole  length  8  inches,  wing  4*6,  tail  3*2.  Female.  Above  dark 
gxeyish,  with  black  centres  to  the  feathers ;  wings  and  tail  black, 
with  rufous  edgings :  beneath  paler,  belly  more  or  less  edged  with 
rufous;  under  wing-coverts  and  inner  edgings  of  wing^  and  tail- 
feathers  rufous. 

ffab,  Guiana,  Cayenne,  and  Amazonia  to  Eastern  Ecuador. 

a,  b.  cJ  jr. ;  e.  $  South  America.  Purchased. 

ad.8t 

dfB.  c?  $  ad. ;  Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Cruiana  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

/  cJ  jr.  sk.  (  Whitely). 

g^h.  cJ  J  ad.  sk.  Cayenne.  Sclater  Coll. 

I.  c?  ad.  sk.  Cayenne.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

j.  (^  ad.  sk.  ChVavetas,    Eastern    Peru  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(Batilett), 

k.  c?  ad.  sk.  Eastern  Peru.  Sclater  Coll. 

L  c?  ad.  sk.  Sarayacu,  I^cuador  (Buckley),  Salvin-Godman  OolL 

mffi.  (S  sd,  sk.  Napo,  Ecuador  {Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

o.  2  *^d.  sk.  S.  America.  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

p,  q.  ($  ad.  sk.  S.  America.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

r.  $  ad.  sL  S.  America.  Sclater  ColL 

6.  Cotinga  nattereri. 

Ampelis  nattererii,  Boim,  liev.  ZooL  1840,  p.  2. 
Cotmga  nattereri,  ScL  IK  Z,  S.  1855,  p.  152. 

Similar  to  C.  cay  ana,  but  with  an  abdominal  spot,  and  with  ttie 
ihroat-feathers  striped  with  black  (Boiss.). 

Hab.  Bogota. 

I  have  only  females  and  young  of  the  Bogota  bird  before  me. 
These  cannot  be  distinguished  from  C.  eayana.  But  the  adult 
male,  if  correctly  described  by  Boissoneau,  must  be  different* 

a.  ^  jr. ;  6.  $  ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Sclater  OdlL 

e.  $  ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Salvin-Godmaii  CdL 

VOL.  zrv.  2o 


7.  Cotin^  m^TnaiiL 

Ampelis  maynaca,  Zt'nn.  S.  iV.  i.  p.  298. 
Cotinga  des  Majnaa,  Daub.  PI.  EHi.  229. 
Cotjnga  mayniina,  Sp.  Qmm.  i.  p^  176 ;  Set.  P.  Z.  8.  1867,  ■ 

(Upper  AmMOns),  et  1868,  p.  71   (Rio  Napo);  id.   Cat.  . 

p.  260 ;  Pebtln,  Om.  Brat.  p.  133 ;    Scl.  ^  Saiv.  P.  Z.  S. 

a  285  (E.  Peru) ;  tid.  Xomend.   p.  CD ;  Taix.  P.  Z.  &  1882, 

(N.K  Peru);  id.  Om.  Fir.  ii.  p.  385. 

Above  and  beneath  uniform  shining  bine ;  throat,  more  rest 
than  in  C.  eayaua,  reddish  purple ;  wings  and  tail  blaok, 
with  blue ;  inner  webs  of  the  wing-feathers  except  the  apical  pi 
white ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  7'ti  inches,  win; 
(ail  3.  Femalt.  Above  blackish  brown,  with  slight  lighter  ed 
to  the  feathers :  beneath  more  rufous,  with  dark  central  sboft'i 
under  wing-oorerta,  inner  webs  of  wing-feathers,  and  cr 
rnfoos. 

Haf).  Upper  Amazonia. 

The  restricted  purple  of  the  throat,  and  the  uniform  bright  sli 
bine  of  the  body  at  once  distingnieh  this  splendid  species. 
white  patch  on  the  under  surface  of  the  wings  is  also  much 
strongly  developed.  In  the  female  this  becomes  rufous,  and  i 
to  separate  this  ses  from  the  corresponding  ses  of  C.  cayana. 

«.  (J  ad.  St.  S.  America.  Purdmsed. 

ft.  ef  ad.  ak.  Yquitos,  Peru.  Sckter  Coll. 

e,d.  (}  $  ad.  sk.  River  Ucayali  [Mauxmdf).  J.  Oould,  Esq. 

e.  ij  jr.  sk.  ChEmicurofl,  EHBtem  Peru.  E.  Bartlett  [0.; 

/,!/.  iS  2  ad.  sk,  Pebas,  Eastern  Peru  (Hau^nEiU).  Salvio-Godmat 

A.  <J  ad.  sk.  Eastern  Peru.  Sckter  CoU. 

i,j-  d  $  ad.  ak.  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (BuiHey).  Salviii-Oodmfti 

A.  ij  ad.  sk.  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  {Buckley).  Sclater  Coll. 

t,ni.  g  ad.  ik.  Napo,  Ecuador  ^Buckley).  Salvin-Godmai 


17.  X£pflOL»rA.  387 

«•  cT  Jf' ;f'2  9d,    Sarajftcu,  Ucayali  (BartieU).  Sdater  ColL 

sk. 

^F.  (^  ad.  ak.  Samiriai  Upoer  Amazons  SalTin-Godmaa  CoU. 

(HttuxweU), 

A.  c^  ad.  flik.  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley),  Sclater  ColL 

ij  /.  ^  ad.  ak.         Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (Buckley),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


17.  XIPHOLENA.  ^ 

Xipholena,  Gloger,  Hand-  u.  Hilfsh.  d.  Nat.  p.  320 

(1842) X.  pompadora. 

In  the  three  species  of  Xipholena  the  males  attain  a  further 
ornamentation  by  the  production  and  modification  of  the  upper 
wing-coverts  and  the  thickening  and  hardening  of  their  stoma. 
One  of  these  remarkable  birds  is  peculiar  to  Guiana,  a  second  to 
Lower  Amazonia,  and  the  third  to  S.E.  Brazil,  In  Upper  Amazonia 
this  form  does  not  appear  to  occur. 

Key  to  the  Species, 

A.  Tail  dark  hke  the  back. 

{Plumage  crimson-purple ;  upper  wing- 
coverts  much  lengthened 1.  pompadora^  p.  387. 
Plumage    dark   purple;     upper   wing- 
coverta  slightly  lengthened 2.  atro-purjmreaj  p.  388. 

B.  Tail  pure  white ;  upper  wing-coverta  ex- 

cessively lengthened 3.  lamellipennisy  p.  389. 

1.  Xipholena  pompadora. 

Ampelis  pompadora,  Linn.  S.  N.  i.  p.  218 ;  VietU.  Enc,  Meth.  p.  764 ; 
Jiahn,  Voff.  aus  Asien,  Lief.  ix.  pi.  3. 

Cotinga  pourpre  de  Cayenne,  Daub.  PL  Enl.  279. 

Cotinga  pompadora,  Gray^  Gni.  B.  i.  p.  279. 

Xipholena  pompadora,  Cab.  Wieym.  Arch.  1847,  pt.  i.  p.  233 ;  id.  in 
Schomb.  Guian.  iii.  p.  003  ;  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  176 ;  Cah.  et  Hein.  Mu8, 
Hein.  ii.  p.  10(5;  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  256 ;  Ptlz.  Om.  Bras.  p.  133  j 
Scl.  et  Salr.  Ex.  Orn.  p.  9  ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1807,  p.  580(L.  Amazons); 
iid.  Nomencl.  p.  59 ;  &ali\  Ibis,  1 885,  p.  305  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Above  and  beneath  shining  reddish  purple ;  wings  white ;  pri- 
maries tipped  with  black ;  tail  white  at  the  base ;  upper  wing- 
coverts  elongated,  lanceolate,  and  with  the  stems  thickened ;  bill  dark 
brown ;  feet  black :  whole  length  7*5  inches,  wing  5,  tail  3.  Female, 
Above  cinereous ;  wings  darker,  and  with  white  edgings  to  the 
coverts  and  outer  secondaries  :  beneath  paler,  belly  whitiah ;  under 
wing-coverts  white. 

Hah.  Guiana,  Surinam,  and  Cayenne. 

fl,  6.  c?  ad. ;  c.  $  British  Guiana.  R.  Geogr.  8oc  [P.]. 

ad.  St. 
dye.  S  ^  ad.  st.  Cayenne.  H.  C.  Rotheiy,  E«q. 

^^ic  2 


388  ooniraiD^ 

ft  9-  i%*^t        Bartjcs  Grove,  Britieh  Ouiana  Salnn-Godma 

a.rfjr.8k.  {WUuiy). 

i.  ii  naiak.  K.  Attipurow,  British  Ouiana  Salvia-Godma 

(  WkiteU/). 

j,  k.  $  ad,  ak.         GainacuBa,     Brituh     Ouiftna  Salrm-Uodma 

L  ri  lA.  dc.  Maroui  Kivet,  Suriaam  {Eap-  Salvui'GodiuB 

pier). 

m.  ij  ad.  J  n.  (J      Cayenna.  Sclater  CoU. 

jr.  ak. 

o,  p.  (J  J  ad.  sk.    Cayenne.  Salvm-Godma 

9.  (?  ad.  sk.  Cavetme.  H .  0.  Rothen 

[P.]. 

r.  (S  ad.  ak.  S.  Ameiica.  Salvin-Qodina 

i,t.  d  2  ad.  ak.     S.  America.  J.  Gould,  Esq 

«.  (f  ad.  rar.  ak.     S.  America.  J.  Gould,  Eaq 


2.  Xipholena  atropnrpnna. 
AmpeUs  atropurpiuea.  Max.  Eei».  n.  Brat.  i.  p.  SG2  (1820). 
Ampelia  purpurea,  Jjcht.  Doubl,  p.  67  (1833) ;  JUiu*.  Beitr.  iii. 

Burm.  Sjftt.  Ua.  ii.  p.  428. 
Cotiii)^  purpurea,  Oray,  Gen.  B.  i.  p.  279. 
Xipfaoleoa  atropurpurea,  Bp.  Corup.  1.  p.  176 ;  Set.  Cat.  A.  B.  \ 

Sd.  et  Salv.  Xtmtauil.  p.  69 ;  iid.  Ex.  Om.  p.  0,  ^.  v. 
Xipholeua  purpurea,  Cab.  Wiegm.  Arch.  1847,  pt  i.  p.  233  ; 
kein.  Mu».  Hem.  a.  p.  100. 
Above  and  beneath  dark  viuaceous  purple;  wings  whiti 
mariea  tipped    with   black ;    wing-coverts  slightly   elongate 
thickened;  nnder  wing-coverts  white  ;  bill  dark  brown ;  feet 
whole  length   7'5  inches,  wing  4-4,  tail  2'6.      Female. 
cinereous,  with  more  or  less  whitish  edgings  to  the  rump-fea 
wings  and  tail  dark  brown  ;  external  secondaries  and  wing-( 


18.   CABPODBCTES.  389 

3.  Xipholena  lamellipexmis. 

Ampelis  l^mQlliDe^mis,  T^r*  Mag,  de  Zool.  1SS9,  Qu,  pi.  9. 
Xipnolena  lameUipennis,  Bp.  Consp,  i.  p.  176 ;  8d.  Cat,  A,  B,^,  257 ; 

Peh,  Om,  Bras,  p.  133 ;  Sd,  et  Salv.  P,  Z.  S,  1867,  p.  680  (L. 

Amazons)  ;  iid.  Ex,  Om,  p.  10 ;  iid.  NotnencL  p.  69. 

Above  and  beneath  very  dark  purple ;  wings  white,  without  black 
tips ;  tail  pure  white  ;  upper  wing- coverts  highly  developed,  and 
extending  over  the  wing  ;  bill  dark  brown  ;  feet  black  :  whole  length 
7*5  inches,  wing  4*5,  tail  2*9. 

Hah,  Lower  Amazonia  (near  Para). 

The  white  tail  and  excessive  development  of  the  wing-coverts  at 
once  distinguish  this  fine  species. 

a.  c^  ad.  St.  Brazil.  E.  Wilson,  Esq.  [P.], 

b.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Para,  Brazil  {Natterer),  Sclater  Coll. 

c.  S  *d'  sk.  Para,  Brazil  {Natterer).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

d.  (S  ad.  sk.  South  America.  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  cJ  ad.  sk.  South  America.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
/,  (S  sd,  sk.  South  America.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

18.  CARPODECTES. 

J.  VI50. 

Carpodectes,  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1804,  p.  58-3 C.  nitidus. 

The  strong  beak,  long  wings,  and  snow-whito  plumage  render 
this  peculiar  Central-American  typo  of  the  Cotui(/U(ce  easily  recog- 
nizable. 

Key  to  the  Species. 

A.  Bill  plumbeous 1.  nitidw^^  p,  889. 

B.  Bill  yellow,  culmen  black    2.  antonicej  p.  889, 

1.  Carpodectes  nitidns. 

Carpodectes  nitidiL«i,  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  18()4,  p.  588,  pi.  xxxvi.  (Costa 
liica)  ;  id.  llm,  1872,  p.  818  (Nicara<]rua)  ;  Laivr.  Ann.  Lye.  N,  Y, 
viii.  p.  188  (Nicaragua),  ix.  p.  117  (Costa  liica) ;  Frantz.  J.f.  O. 
1800,  p.  810  (Costa  Rica)  ;  Sd.  et  Salr.  yomencl.  p.  58  ;  Boiicard, 
P,  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  05  (Costa  llica)  ;  liidyw.  P.  U.S.  N.  M.  i.  p.  255 
(Costa  Rica). 

Snow-white,  upper  parts  tinged  with  greyish,  especially  on  the 
head ;  bill  plumbeous ;  feet  black :  whole  length  8  inches,  wing  5*5, 
taU  2-8. 

Hah.  Eastern  Costa  Rica  and  Nicaragua. 

a.  Ad.  sk.    Tucurriqui,  Costa  Rica  (-4rc^).     Salvin-Godman  Coll.     (Type 

of  genus  and  species.) 

2.  Carpodectes  antonia. 

Carpodectes  antonia),  Ridytc.  Ibis,  1884,  p.  27,  pi.  ii. ;  id,  P.  U.S.  N,  Af, 
VI.  p.  410,  et  X.  p.  20. 

Like  C.  nitidus,  but  rather  smaller ;  bill  yellow,  with  a  black  line 
along  the  culmen ;  crown  paler. 
Hah.  Western  Costa  Eica. 


19.  SOUORinS.  J. 

Doliomia,  Tml  P.  Z.  ^.  1874,  p.  136 D.  scl 

Thi<  monotype  of  Caitnl  Pen  U  ollifid  to  BtUochrm,  bnt 
smaller  and  muoh  more  oompreased  bill,  and  the  oater  prin 
not  aoomlQated. 

1.  DoliorniB  BclBteii 
Doliomia  Bclateri,  Tacx.  P.  Z.  S.  1874,  pp.  136, 541 ,  pi.  ix.  (C.  ] 
id.  Om.  Fir.  ii.  p.  384 

Above  dark  brownioh  cinereous ;  feathers  of  bead  elon; 
black,  vith  a  large  half-ooncealed  medial  pat«h  of  bright  cinni 
red ;  udea  of  head  and  nape  cinereous ;  wings  and  tail  bla 
slightly  edged  with  cinereous  brown :  beneath  brown,  throat 
reoUB ;  crissnm  bright  reddish  cinnamon ;  under  wing-covcrta  bro 
grOT  i  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  7'8  inches,  wing  4,  ta 

hab.  Central  Peru. 

a.  <;  ad.sk.     UaraTnioc,  Central  Peru  (/c^f^tt).    Sclat«rColl.    (T 
the  genus  and  ep 

20.  HEUOCHBIU.  ,^^ 

Heliochera,  (b  FO^pi,  Oat.  JTm.  MidM.,  Av.  p.  31 

(1847) H.  rubroa 

The  two  known  species  of  this  crests  group   have   a 
strong,  bnt  much  widened  bill,  rather  strong  feet  of  the  n 
Ootingine  form,  and  the  two  first  primaries  acuminated, 
range   extends    from  Yanonielft   through  Colombia  and  Ec 
to  Pern  and  Bolim. 


20.   HBLIOCHEBA.  391 

p.  620  (Antioquia)  et  p.  618  (Bolivia);  iid,  NotnencL  p.  68 ;  Wyatt^ 
Ihisy  1871,  p.  334  (Colombia) ;  Tacz,  P.  Z.  S,  1874,  p.  640  (C.  Pem^j 
1879,  p.  237,  et  1880,  p.  203  (N.  Peru)  ;  id.  Om.  P6r.  ii.  p.  381 ; 
BerL  Xf,  O.  1884,  p.  318  (Bucaramanga) ;  Berl.  et  Tacz.  P.  Z.  S. 
1884,  p.  298,  et  1885,  p.  93  (Ecuador). 

Above  cinereous ;  rump  black,  striped  with  vrhite ;  head  black, 
with  an  elongated  vertical  crest  ot  dark  chestnut ;  wings  black,  with 
brownish  edgings ;  tail  black,  lateral  rectricea  with  a  large  square 
white  blotch  on  the  inner  webs  near  the  tail-end,  forming  a  trans- 
verse band :  beneath  cinereous,  varied  with  white  on  the  middle  of 
the  belly  and  crissum  ;  bill  with  the  base  chalky  white,  apex  plum- 
beous; feet  black:  whole  length  8  inches,  wing  4-(3,  tail  3*6. 
Female.  Without  the  red  crest ;  above  blackish  brown,  variegated 
with  white  stripes  ;  head  and  wings  brown ;  tail  blackish,  with  a 
whit«  bar  across  the  lower  end,  as  in  the  male :  beneath  blackish, 
abdomen  greenish  white,  with  numerous  blackish  stripes. 

Hah,  Yenezucla,  Colombia,  Ecuador,  Peru,  and  Bolivia. 

a,  b,  (S  ad.  st.  Bogota.  Purchased. 

e.c^  ad.sk.  Bogota.  SclaU^r  Coll. 

df  e.  Ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/.   cf  ad.  sk.  Bogota.  Purchased. 

ff,h,  cJ  $  ad. sk.  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Malta,  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

U.  S.  C.  {K>imo)is). 

t.  (S  ad.  sk.  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta,  Sclater  Coll. 

U.  S.  C.  (Sifno/2S). 

j.  Ad.  sk.  Medellin,  Antioquia  (ASVi/mo/i).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

k,    5  ad.  sk.  Santa  Elena,  Antioquia  (*SV//7/^>;/).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/,  m.  Ad.  sk.  San  Lucas,  Ecuador  {Ihukley),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

n.   S  jr.  sk.  Matos,  Ecuador  (Fraser).  Sclater  Coll. 

0.  (S  jr.  sk.  Yauavacu,  Ecuador  (//^rA/cy).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

p.  Aa.  sk.  Vicinity   of  Quito,  Ecuador.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

y,  r.  (5  ad.  sk.  Quito,  Ecuador.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

i.  Jr.  sk.  Ecuador.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 


2.  Heliochera  rufaxilla. 

Ampelis  rufaxilla,  Tsch.  Faun.  Per.,  Avc^,  t.  vii.  fig.  1. 
Ampelion  rufaxilla,  Cab.  in  Tsch.  Faun.  Pt-r.^  Aves,  p.  J. 37. 
Hehochera  rufaxilla,  Scl.  et  Salv.  Aomeml.  p.  08 ;  iid.  P.  Z.  S.  1879^ 

p.  620  (Antioquia)  ;   Tacz.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  2;37,  et  1882,  p.  24  5 

td.  Om.  Per,  ii.  p.  383. 

Above  olivaceous  grey,  with  obscure  dark  shaft-spots  ;  front  and 
sides  of  crown  blackish  ;  large  occipital  crest  and  sides  of  head  bright 
chestnut ;  wings  and  tail  black,  with  slight  brownish  edgings ; 
bend  of  the  wing  and  smaller  upper  wing-coverts  bright  chestuilt  J 
beneath,  throat  and  fore-neck  chestnut:  breast  olivaceous  grey; 
abdomen  yellow,  with  strongly-marked  black  shafb-spots ;  bill  and 
feet  black :  whole  length  8  inches,  wing  4*5,  tail  3.  Female 
similar  (?). 

Hab.  Peru  and  Colombia. 


392  oonNouijE. 

a.  S  ad.sk.  Saota  Elena,  Antioqpia  (^o/nion).  SatTiD-Qodroai 

(.(JatLsk.  Retiio,  Antioquia,U,  S.C.  (So^  SalviD-Godmai 

c  Ad.  sk.  Medellin,  Antioqula,  U.  S.  C.  T.  K.  Salmoo  [ 

d.e«d.je.  Ad.  Antioquifi,  U.  8.  C.  (SaiwHm).  ScUter  OoU. 


21.  lODOPLEUSA.  ^ 

lodoplenra,  1m>.  Reo.  Zoa.  1330,  p.  45  1. 

lodoplewa  and  its  near  ally  Calyptam  have  been  usually 
elated  with  the  Piprida,  but  appear  to  have  a  pycDaspidean  t 
and  should,  therefore,  in  cousonance  with  SuudevallB  viet 
deemed  to  be  diminutive  forma  of  the  Cofinifidtt. 

The  lodopiUum  are  only  found  in  South  America,  estooding 
Colombia  through  Amazonia  to  Cayenne  and  S.E.  Drazil. 
ornamental  tuft  of  violet  feathers  on  each  side  of  the  breast  i 
charaoteriatia  feature  of  this  genus. 

Key  to  the  Specia. 

A.  Throat  pale  rafous : 

I  rump  gre^  like  the  back   1. /xpra,  p.  30: 

)  rump  white 2.  leuromgia,  i 

B.  Throat  white    3.  iiabelUe,  p.  3 

C.  Throat  sooty  brown 4,  futca,  p.  392 

1.  lodoplenra  pipra. 

PardalotuB  pipra,  Leu.  Cent.  Zool.  pi.  26;  id.  TV.  iPOm.  i.  n.  * 
Euphone  aurora,  Sundea.  K.  Vet.  Akad.  Handl.  1833,  p.  312, 

lodopleura  pipra,  Grai/,  List  Gen.  B.  p.  4C  (1841 ) ;  Cah.  tn  S 


21.  lODOPunjBA.  S93 

2.  Ibdoplsim  kneosygia.    (Plate  XXVI.) 
lodopleiim  leueopygia,  Sah,  Ibity  1685,  p.  d06  (Brit.  Guiana). 

Siiiiilar  to  /.  pipra^  bat  with  a  narrow  white  bar  acroes  the  rump, 
and  eap  hardly  du-ker  than  the  back. 
Eab.  Britidi  Oniana. 

Mj  ft.  Ad.  ak.  British  Guiana  (  Whitefy).  Salvin-Godman  ColL 

(Types  of  the  species.) 

3.  lodoplenra  iaabella. 

lodopleura  isabellee,  Parztid.  Rev,  Zool.  Ift47,  p.  18C;  I)e»  Murs, 
Icon.  Om,  pi.  71.  fig.  1 ;  Bp,  Comp.  i.  p.  171  ;  Sclater^  P.  Z.  S,  18o7, 

$.  266  (U.  Amazons) ;  id.  Cat.  A.  li.  p.  247  ;  Cah.  et  Hcin.  Mm, 
lein,  ii.  p.  90;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1807,  p.  ^)7d  (L.  Amazons), 
L768  (E.  Peru),  et  1873,  p.  285  (E.  Peru) ;  mi  Nomencl.  p.  69 ; 
yard,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  38o  (Para) ;  Tacz.  P.  Z.  H,  1882,  p.  24 
(N.E,  Peru) ;  id.  Om.  Per.  ii.  p.  388. 
lodopleura  guttata,  Less.  liev.  ZooL  1830,  p.  45  ? 
lodopleura  emiliic,  Des  Murs,  Icon.  Oni.  sub  tab.  71  (err.). 

Above  dark  smoky  brown ;  lores,  superciliaries,  and  bar  across  the 
romp  white :  beneath  rather  paler  smoky  brown,  with  black  shaft- 
apotB  on  the  flanks  ;  throat,  middle  lino  of  breast,  and  lower  belly 
white ;  large  pateh  of  elongated  plumes  on  each  side  of  the  breast 
bright  bluish  violet ;  under  wing-coverts  white ;  bill  and  feet  black : 
whole  length  4*2  inches,  wing  3,  tail  1*5.  FemaU  similar,  but 
without  the  lateral  violet  tufts. 

Hah,  Upper  and  Lower  Amazonia  and  Ecuador. 

The  larger  size,  the  white  colour  bclow%  and  the  larger  bluish 
Tiolet  tofts  distinguish  this  fine  species. 

0,  6.  c^  $  ad.  st  Venezuela  (?).  Purchased. 

«•  c?  ad.  sk.  Kio  Tocantins  (  Wallace).  Sclater  Coll. 

iL  ^  ad.  sk.  Xeberos,  Eastern  Peru  (^rtr^/<?<^).  Sal vin-Godman  Coll. 

«.  9  ad. ;  /.  Xeberos,  E.  Peru  {Bartktt).  SclaUT  Coll. 

Poll.  sk. 

^»  ^  cJ  ?  ad.  sk.  Chamicuros,  E.  Peru.  E.  Bartlett  [C.]. 

tl  5  ad.sk.  Pebas,Peru  {Ilaiuwell).  Sal viu-Godman  ColL 

j,  cJ  ad.  sk.  Peru.  Sclater  Coll. 

ibt  /•  c?  $  ad.  sk.  Kio  Copotaza,  Ecuador  {Buck-  Salvin-Godman  Coll, 

ley). 

4.  lodopleura  fosca. 

Ampelis  fusca,  VieiU.  Nouv.  Diet,  viii.  p.  162  (1817). 

lodopleura  fusca,  Salv.   Cat.  Strickl,   CoU,  p.  330;  ti^.  Ibis,  1886, 

p.  306  (Brit.  Guiana). 
Pipra  laplacii,  Gerv,  mag,  Zool,  1836|  cl.  ii.  pL  68. 
lodopleura  laplacii|  Scl,  et  Salv,  NomencL  p.  69. 

Above  dull  black,  with  a  snow-white  bar  across  the  romp:  beneath 
smoky  brown ;  middle  of  belly  and  orissum  white ;  a  blnish-violet 
toft  of  elongated  feathers  on  each  side  of  the  breast ;  under  wing^ 


304  Goii»eii>2. 

coverta  vhita ;  bill  and  feet  block:  wholu  length  4-2  inches,  win 
tail  1'5,     female  aimilBr,  but  without  the  violot  lateral  tuCls. 

Nab.  Guiana  and  Cayenne. 

Smaller  than  /.  itabella,  and  at  once  recognizable  by  its  I 
throat  and  black  upper  surface. 


a,b.a2  Bd.  sk. 

c.  (J  ad.  ak. 
(f.  tf  ad.  Bk. 


Bartica  Grore,  Brit.  Guiann    Salvin-Godmai 

Cayenne.  Sclater  Cull. 

Demenira.  J.  Gould,  Exq. 

South  America.  Putcliased. 


Tjpe 


23.  CALTPTUBA. 

Calyptura,  Sib.  Famt.  Bor.-Am.  ii.  p.  491  (1831)  . 

This  curious  little  bird  deservea  closer  examination,  altboi 
have  little  doubt  that  lodopleara  is  ita  not  remote  ally.  I 
however,  shorter  wings,  shortier  tail,  and  a  Tyranninc  plumagi 
is  peculiar  to  South-eastern  Brazil. 

1.  Calyptnra  cristato. 

Pardalotus  cristatus,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  isiv.  p.  528 ;  id.  Ene. 

p.  511 ;  Lesi.  Tr.  d'Om.  i.  p.  456. 
CfOyptuHi  crietrtta,  Sw.  Om.  Dr.  pi,  24;  id.  Clam.  B.  ii.  p.  254 

Cmip.  i.  p,  175 ;   Burm.  Sj/tt  Veb.  ii.  p.  448 ;  Cab.  et  Htm. 

Hein.  ii.  p.   90;  &t  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  247;  Gii.  J.f.  O.  1874, 

(Cantagallo) ;  ■SiJ.  et  Salv.  NotnencL  p.  60. 
Hpra  tyrannulus,  Wagl.  Igit,  1830,  p.  940. 

Above    greenish   yellow :    front  and  nirap  pure    yellow ; 
created,  scarlet  with  a  black  border ;  wings  and  tail  dull  hia 
ffith  greenish  yellow:  ti;i3 


23,  H.x)UTOi>EBCs.  3»5 

be  settled  when  opportmiitiet  •hall  hav»  be«D  obtained  &>t  a  mora 
accurate  eiaiiiiiistwn  of  the  (itructure  of  Ibeae  birds. 

The  Gynutodtntta  ruoge  from  CostA  Bica  doirn  to  BranO  and 

Bolirja. 

Kty  to  tlu  Gtnera. 

A.  metal  bristiea  strontflv  developed ;  ^p? 

a.  l.orBS  denselr  fi^falhered. 

a".  N'o  tfanMl-nattle  ori^rvft  on  bead. 

a".  Nortril*  coverrd  by  pluniM :S[,  ILvmatodxbus, 

ir.  Noitnb  eipoMd.  [p.  30S.    i 

)  Uai  »li.>n,  widened 24.  QrBRri.A,  p.  .tW. 

]  Bdl  longer,  compresMd 23.  PynoDEBl-s,  p.  397. 

V.  With  a  thniat-wutle,  and  created  [p.  39b. 

bead  26.  Ckphaioptebcs, 

8.  Lores  denuded 27.  Gnc.vocF.paALUB, 

B.  Bictiu  nnooth  :  rape  wider.  [p.  401, 

I  LoRd  plumed :  colmeo  elevated    28.  Ovmsodrhps.  p.  409. 

I  Lores  denuded :  bill  much  flattened. .   21),  CuASMouaiKLBVa, 

[p.  403. 

23.  HmCATODERUS.  „_ 

Type. 
Hnmalodenis,   Bp.  Ann.    .Sr.   Nal.   E^r.  4,  Zuo/.   t.   i. 
p.lS4(I*54) tLmiUtaria. 

Thia    splendid    ^'pe,    remarkable    for  ita   gorgeous   colour  and 
dongated  plumes,  is  found  only  in  the  Gat&nas  and  Lover  Ama- 


1.  HtematodeTUB  militaiis. 

Coracias  militoris,  Lal/i.  Ind.  Om.  Sup/J.  n.  iivii. 

Quwula  rubra,  fUill.  Xitit.  Diet,  viii.  p.  181 ;  id.  Enc.  Mith.  p.  768. 

Qaerula  purpurea.  Lea.  Tr.  d'Orn.  i.  p.  302. 

Queiula  niiliinriB,  Up.  Vuiup.  L  p.  17S). 

Threnoedus  militaris,  Cab.  in  Sch,mb.  Guian.  tii.  p.  000. 

Hnmatod^ruA  militari^,  Cab.el  JIein.Mu».  Hein.  \\.  p.  107;  Scl.  CaL 
A.  B.  p.  2.57 ;  JVt.  Om.  Brai.p.  1.14 ;  Hci.  et  Sale.  P.  Z.  S.  1867, 
p.  580  (L.  AmMonia);  iid.  Numcnd.  p.  50:  Sah.  /6m,  1886, 
p.  305  (Brit.  Guiana). 

AViyc  and  beneath  deep  crimaon-red ;  feathers  of  bend,  nock, 
Tump,  and  breast  elongated  and  narcotved ;  wings  und  tail  aootj- 
bTomi ;  bill  reddish ;  feet  black :  whole  length  13  inches,  wing  8-7, 
lail  5-3.  FeniaU  rather  smaller,  above  Booty-broira ;  head  and 
body  beneath  crimson. 

Hah.  Gniana,  Cayenne,  and  Lower  Amazonia. 


»-P.  (f  ad. ; 

<I.  $  ad.  St 
«,/.  (f  2  ad.  ak. 
g.  6  jr.  ak. 
A.  cf  ad.  Bk. 


South  America. 

Cayenne. 

Cnyenne. 
Amazons  {Balei). 


Purchased. 

Sclaler  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  ColL 
Salviu-Qodman  Coll. 


24.  QUXBULA.  ^ 

QueruU,  nalL  AnalMe,  o.  S7  (1816) A.  nib^D 

ThreDwdus,  Ghger,  H<md-  h.  Ha/t6.  Nat.  p.  319  (1B42)  A.  rubiicoll 

This  is  again  &  monotype,  but  more  widely  extended,  rangi 
over  the  Guianas,  Amazonia,  Colombia,  and  up  to  Coata  Uica.  It 
a  smaller  form  than  Hamatodenu,  and  has  the  nostrila  exposed. 

1.  Qnemla  cmflnta. 

Gobe-Mouche  noir  i  gorge  pourpre  de  Cayenne,  Daub.  H.  Enl.  -Il 

Muscii^apa  cruenta,  Boda.  Table  d.  Pi.  EtU.  p.  23. 

Querula  ctuenU,  ScL  P.  Z.  S.  1855,  p.  ISTt  (Bogota) ;  id.  Col.  A. 
p.  267 ;  Later.  Ann.  Lm.  N.  ¥.  vii.  p.  21)6  (Panama),  et  ii.  p.  1 
^CoaU  Bicft) ;  Scl.  H  Sah.  P.  Z.  S.  1864,  p.  363  (I'anama),  18( 
p.  181  (B,  Ucayali),  1867,  p.  680  (L.  AmazonB),  187:1,  p.  285  ( 
Peru),  et  1879,  p.  520  (Antioquia);  iid.  Ntmenel.  p.  69;  tVan 
J./.  0.  1860,p.310(Co8taRica);  Fik.  Om.  Bras.^.lU;  To 
Om.  iVr.  ii.  p.  380;  SWw.  26«,  18Ai,  p.305  (Ik.  Guiana). 

MuBcicapa  rubricoUis,  6m.  S.  N.  i.  p.  Q33. 

MuBcicapa  porpbvTobroncbs,  SAaw,  Nat.  MUc.  ii.  pi.  63. 

-         '    rubricolIiB,  V    "   "       ""'        '"'■       ■  ^  '  "■ 


Querula  Tubricolliti,  Vieitl  Enc.  M(th.  p.  768 ;  id.  Oat.  Oit. 
pi.  116;  X«.«.  Tr.  A  Om.  i.  p.  363;  .C/)    " 
P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  266  (Upper  Amazons). 


pi.  116 ;  Leti.  Tr.  d.  Om.  i.  p.  363 ;  Bp.  Corup.  i.  p.  178 ; 
P.  Z.  S.  1857,  p.  266  (Upper  Amazons). 
Coracina  rubricoIliB,  Tcmm.  Tabl.  Mith.  p.  S 

'Jul'. 


Threnoediu  rubricollis,  Cab.  m  Schomb.  Giiian.  iii.  p.  601. 
TbrenoeduB  cruentus.  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mu4.  Hein.  ii.  p.  107. 
Above   and   beneath    dnll    black,  broad   neck-collar   formed 
elongated  feathers  dark  crimson-red  ;   bill  dark  plumbeous ;   fi 
black ;    whole  length  10  iDchca,  wing  7,  tail  4-5.     FtmaU  simili 
but  uniform  black,  without  the  crimson  neck-coUnr. 

Bah.  Guiana,  Amazonia,  Ecuador,  Colombia,  and  Central  Amcri 
to  Coeta  Kica. 


25.  PTBODETtrs. 


25.  PYR0DERU8* 

Coracinn,  TVih.h.  PI.  Cu/.  livr.  7  (l-^L'^) 

Pjroderus,  Gray,  Lut  Gen.  II.  p.  38  {IHW) 

The  throe  forms  of  this  genus,  wMch  are  found  in  8.E.  Brodl, 
'  lOolombia,  and  Vcnezuola,  aru  not  vcrj'  dutiuut.     The  bill  U  luii^^er 
And  stronger  thuii  ia  iI<rmalo<lfru»,  but  not  so  Crow-like  aa  in  the 
two  next  genera.     The  feet  arc  also  turgu  tind  robuat. 

Kei/  to  Oie  Sptcies. 

■A<  Beth'  bUck,  with  slight  cheatout  spots. 

I  tJuger    1.  seatoftM,  p.  397. 

ISmt^cr 2.  graaadeittit,  p.  398. 

I  &  Bellj  moBtlj  chestnut    3.  ormocmma,  p.  398. 


1.  FTTodems  Hcut&tus. 
CuraciM  acuUta,  Shaw,  Miu.  Leu.  p.  IIH);  id.  Gen.  Zool.  rii.  p.  401. 
Umca  degollodn.  Atom,  Apiinl.  i.  p.  2<J0. 
Coracina  rubricollis,    VieiU.  Kimv.  Diet.  viii.  p.  7;  id.  Eac.  Meth. 

P-  "1- 
Ampelia  eangnimcollis,  Licht.  Doubi.  p.  liO. 
Conci&a    sf^utat*,    Temm.  Fl.    Col.    40;    Ma.r.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  406) 

Lafr.  Rtv.  Zoot.  1840,  p.  276;  Surm.  ^al.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  417. 


1.  ii.  p.  itM) 
J'efc.  dm.  Jr<M.  p.  l.V);  Hamittint,  /ir"-,  1S71,  p.  30l!(Brasi\ji  &t 
HSair.Ifomencl.p.eOiSrrl.J.f.  0, 1873,  p^  2(i7(S.  Brazil);  OA. 
J.f.  0. 1874,  p.  00  (CEuit«pallo) ;  Heri.  rf  JJur.  ZeiUthr.  gel.  On. 
1886,  p.  141  (liio  Gr.  do  Sul). 

Above  iind  beneath  dull  bluck,  with  slight  metallic  reflections  upon 
tiie  margins  of  Bume  of  tho  fcatliers ;  throat  and  foro-ncck,  not 
'indudiug  the  thin,  crim.soo  ;  a.  few  shaft-apola  on  the  middle  of  the 
belly,  and  under  wing-covprtB  dull  chestnut ;  bili  [ilumbeous;  feet 
:Uaok'.  whole  lenj^h  1?  iiiohes,  wiug  9-j,  tail  C'5.  Female  similar  , 
\nk  rather  smaller,  iind  neck-band  not  8o  bright. 

Bab.  South-east  limzil  and  Para^ni'ij. 

I  have  never  seen  HiieciuiL'na  of  this   form  from  Guiana,      TTire- 
Mftliu  rvhricoHin  of  CabaniB,  quoted  by  5tr.  Salvin  (Ibis, 
1,^  306)  aa  possibly  referable  to  this  bird,  belongs  to  Quemla  cmenta, 

I,  i.  Ad.  st,  Unizil.  Purcliaarf. 

f.  5  ad.  st.  Uracil. 

d.  (f  ad.  sk.  i^ao  Paolo,  Brniil  (Joijiter), 

e.  $  ad.  ek.  Brazil. 
/.   Ad.;   g.  J  Brazil. 

ad.  sk. 


J.  n.iiUd,  Eaq. 
tlulvin-GoduiHoCoU.    I 
Sdaler  Coll. 
Salvin-Oudmao  ColL 


*  Befer  nl>o  M 

Ty/WfT"*  mat 
Veasiuelo. 


I,  Ridgo.  iuk.  iii.  |).  ^'i  (litSfi) ;  fruiu  tlie  inlerior  of 


3w  ooToreiDS. 

2.  FTrodenu  KranademiB. 

Concina  gMnadenaia,  Lajr.  Ret:.  Zool.  IS40,  p.  277, 

Fyrodenie  granadensiB,  Sp.  Corup.  p.  176 ;  Sd.  P.  Z.  S.  1856^.  1 

(Bogota)  ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.   250  ;  Cab.  et  llfin.  Mm.  Hein. 

p.   109;     Wyaa,   IbU,   1871,   p.   334   (Colombia);    ScL  et  & 

Xomend.  p.  60 ;   Taez.  On.  Fir,  ii.  p.  392. 
FyroderuB  scutatus  gnuiadenns,  Berl  J.f.  0. 1884,  p.  306  (Bnca 

Similar  to  P.  teulatus,  bat  smaller:    wbole  length   14  inch 
wing  8-5,  tail  6. 
Hab.  Colomhia. 


a.  Airt. 

Colomljia. 

Purchaeed. 

b.  Ad.sk. 

Bogota. 

Salvio-Godman  C( 

c.  Ad.  8k. 

Bogota. 

Sclater  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  ak. 

Bogota. 
Cofombis. 

J.  Gould.  Esq. 

0.  <;ad.ik. 

Salvin-OodmanCt 

3.  FTTOdenu  orfaioeeuis. 
Concina  orenoceniii,  -I^^.  Ji">-  Zaoi.  1846,  p.  277. 
FjrodeTos  orenoceusia,  J^.  C'oiM/i.  i.  p.l76;  CcA.  et  Rein.  Mu*.  Hi 
ii.  p.  109 ;  Scl   Cat.  A.  B.  p.  269;  Sel.  et  Sale.  F.  Z.  S.  18«9^.  £ 
(Veueiaela),  et  1879,  p.  630  (Antioquta) ;  iid.  Namencl.  p.  60. 
Above  dull  black  :  beneath,  throat  and  neck  dark  crimson ;  be 
and  nnder  mng-coverts  more  ar  less    coTered  bj  large  termii 
spots  ot  brownish  dieatont;  lower  belly  and  crissum  dull  blac 
biU  dark  plambeons;  feet  black:  whole  length  14-5  inchf«,  v'\ 
0,  tail  6.    FemaU  similar,  but  rather  smaller,  and  throat  not  qu 
80  bright. 

Mab.  Yenezuela  and  Colombia. 

Ill  Vdnczucliin  sjiecimDiis  of  this  bird,  the  cliestnut  on  the  belly 


1 


5i 


26.   CSPHAL0PTEBU8.  399 

Kiy  to  ik$  Bpidet. 

A.  Throat  not  denuded :  throat-wattle  feathered. 

Throat- wattle  short,  flattened 1.  omatuSy  p.  309. 

Throat-wattle  long",  cylindrical    2.  penduliger^  p.  310. 

B.  Throat  denuded :  wattle  naked,  with  a  feathered 

tuft  at  the  end 3.  glahricoUis,  p.  310. 

I.  Cephaloptems  omatns. 

Cephalopterua  omatus,  Geoffr.  Ann.  d.  Mus.  xiii.  p.  238,  pi.  17 ;  ^Orh. 

Voy.y  Ois.  p.  296;  Tsch,  Faun.  Per.,  AveSy  p.  141 ;  Cab.  in  Schomb. 

Guian.  iii.  p.  601 ;  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  178  ;  Wallace,  P.  Z.  S.  1850, 
p.  206 ;  Sclatery  P.  Z.  S.  1857,  pp.  18  (Bogota)  et  2(55  (U.  Amazons), 
1868,  p.  71  (Rio  Napo)  ;  id.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  259;  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus. 
Hein.  li.  p.  110;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  lbG6,  p.  191  (Ucayali),  1867, 
p.  581  (L.  Amazons)  et  p.  751  (E.  Peru),  1873,  p.  286  (E.  Peru), 
1879,  p.  618   (Bolivia);   iid.  Nomencl.  p.  60;    Pelz.  Om.  Bras. 

u  135 ;  id.  Ibl%  1875,  p.  331  (Spanish  Guiana)  ;   Tacz.  P.  Z.  S. 

[874,  p.  541  (C.  Peru),et  1882,  p.  24  (N.E.  Peru) ;  id.  Om.  Pir.  ii. 

\.  391  ;   Tacz.  et  Berl.  P.  Z.  S.  1885,  pp.  94,  121  (Ecuador) ;  Salv. 

Ibis,  1885,  p.  306  (Brit.  Guiana). 
Coracina  cephaloptera,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  viii.  p.  5 ;  id.  Enc.  MetK 

p.  772;  id.  Gal  Ois.  i.  p.  179,  pi.  114;    Temm.  PL  Col.  255. 
Coracina  ornata,  Spix,  A  v.  Bras.  i.  p.  C3,  pi.  59;  Burm.  Syst,  Ueb. 
ii.  p.  420. 

Above  and  beneath  black,  with  greenish  metallic  reflections  upon 
the  crest,  back,  and  throat-wattle;  stems  of  the  frontal  j)lumos 
white ;  throat-wattle  3  to  6  inches  in  length,  densely  feathered  and 
expanded  ;  bill  dark  plumbeous  ;  feet  black  :  whole  length  18  inches, 
wing  11,  tail  7.  Female  similar  in  form  but  smaller,  and  mostly  of 
a  brownish  black;  throat-wattle  very  small. 

Hab.  Guiana  and  Amazonia,  extending  southwards  to  Matto- 
Grosso  and  Bolivia,  and  west\sards  to  Ecuador. 

In  specimens  of  this  bird  from  Eastern  Ecuador  the  throat-wattle 
is  much  elongated,  but  does  not  attain  to  the  dimensions  of  C, 
penduliger  of  Western  Ecuador.  In  Bolivian  specimens  the  throat- 
wattle  is  short,  as  in  the  typical  Amazonian  bird. 

Oyb.  (^2  ^^'  s*-  ^-  America.  Pun'hased. 

c.  2  ^'  St.  Brazil  {?).  l^m'chased. 

d.  2  ^^'  ®^'  Colombia.  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  c?  ad.  sk.  Sarayacu,  Ecuador  Buckley^.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
fyQ.  (^2  *^^»  s^*  S^"  Jos^,  Ecuador  (Buckley).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
A.  (S  ad.  sk.  Rio  Javari.  J.  Gould. 

».  $  ad.  sk.  Upper  Amazons.  Purchased. 

jf.  (S  ad.  sk.  Matto-G rosso,  Brazil  (Natterer).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

k,  2  ^'  sk.  Eng.  do  Gama,  Brazil  (Aa<-  Salvin-Godman  CoU. 

terer). 

h^-  6  2  ad.sk.    Tilotilo,   Yungas,  Bolivia  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

{Buckley), 

n.  2  ^'  sk.  Huacahamache,  Bolivia  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

(D.  Forbes,  Aug.  1862). 

o.  S  2  ad'  s^'  South  America.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

p.  Skeleton.  U.  S.  of  Colombia.  Purchased. 


400  coiiNaiit.s. 

2.  Ceplialoptenu  peudnll^. 

Ceptuibptenia  penduliger,  Sclaler,  Ibit,  1860,  p.  114,  pi. 
P.  Z.  S.  1859,  p.  142,  et  1800,  pp.  07,  92  (Ecuddnr);  ."< 
A.  B.  p.  269 ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Xontend.  p.  60 ;  Taci.  et  Beri.  J 
18B3,  p.  660, 1884,  p.  298,  et  1886,  p.  121  (Ecuador). 

Above  and  beneath  uoifoTm  black,  with  metallic  reflections 
the  back,  crest,  and  throat-wattle  ;  Btema  of  irontal  feathers 
under  wing-coverts  and  inner  margina  of  basal  portion  of 
white ;  biU  dark  plumhoous ;  feet  black :  whole  length  16  i 
ving  10,  tail  5.  Female  similar  but  smaller,  and  throat- 
not  80  long. 

Bab.  We§t«m  Ecuador. 

The  UmbreUa-bird  of  Western  Ecuador  is  distinguished  ' 
enormous  length  of  the  pendulous  feathered  throat-wattle,  wb 
Buckley's  male  specimen  from  Pallatanga  measures  13  i 
Besides  this  the  under  wing-coverts  are  pure  white,  being 
black  or  slightly  freckled  with  white  in  C.  orwitus. 

a.  iS  ad.  Bt.  Pallatanga,  Ecuador.  L.  Eraser  [C.]. 

S,  c.  (J  ?  ad,  sk.     Pallatanga,  Ecuador  (B-osn-).    Sclatur  Coll.    i 
of  the  Bf 
d,  t.  li  ad.  sb.         FaUatanga,  Ecuador  (Su«£^).    Salvin-Godma 
f,  (f  ad.  sk.  Ecuador.  J.  Gould,  Kaq. 


3.  Cepbaloptenu  glabricoUig. 
CephalopteruB  glabricollis,  Ooald,  P.  Z.  S.  1850,  p.  03,  pi 
Co*.  J./ O.  feci,  p.  254  (Costa  Rica);  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  ISff! , 
et  187a  p.  201  ( Veragua) ;  Later.  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  \x. 
(Costa  Rica) ;  Frimti.  J.  f.  O.  18tJ9,  p.  310  (Costa  lUca) ; 
Sail!.  Nomencl.  p.  60 ;  Boucard,  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  60  (Coata  I 


27.  eTXNOOSPHALTTS.  401 

*,  «^  d  ad. ;/  $  Costa  Rica.  0.  Salyin,  Esq.  [P.]. 

ad.  sk. 

A:.  $  ad.  sk.  Costa  Rica.  Purchased. 

A  c^  ad.  sk.  Cordillera  de  Tol^;  Veragua  SalTin-Godmaii  ColL 

iArc4), 

m.  c^  ad.  sk.  Calovevora,  Veragua  (ArcS),  Salyin-Godman  ColL 

«.  d*  ad,  sk.  Calovevora,  Veragua  {Ard),  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

27.  GYMN0CEPHALU8.  ,p_ 

lype. 

Gymnocephalus,   Geoffroy  St.-ITilairef  Ann,  du  Mm,  xiii. 

p.  237  (1809)     G.  colvus. 

In  general  structure  this  form  is  not  very  remote  from  Cephalo- 
jptems,  but  is  immediately  distinguishable  by  its  denuded  head,  which 
occurs  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  in  both  sexes.  So  far  as  we  yet 
know,  Gymnocephalus  is  restricted  to  the  Guianas. 

1.  Gymnocephalus  calvus. 

Choucas  chauve  de  Cayenne,  Daub.  PL  Enl.  521. 

Corvus  calvus,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  p.  372 ;  Lath.  Lid.  Orn.  i.  p.  153. 

Gymnocephalus  capucinus,  Geoffr.  Ann.  Mus.  xiii.  p.  237;  Less, 
Tr,  d'Om.  i.  p.  350,  pi.  41.  fig^.  1. 

Coracina  gymnocephala,  }'ieUl.  Enc.  Meth.  p.  770. 

Ampelis  calva,  Licht.  Douhl.  p.  56. 

Coracina  calva,  Tenun.  Tahl.  Moth.  p.  20. 

Gymnocephalus  calviLs,  Hahn^  Vof/.  aiis  Asien,  Lief.  ii.  pi.  4;  Cab.  in 
Schomh.  Guiatt.  iii.  p.  GJK) ;  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  178 ;  Burm.  Syst.  Ueb, 
ii.  p.  423 ;  Cab.  et  Jlcin.  Mus.  Ilvin.  ii.  p.  101) ;  Scl.  Cat.  A.  B. 
p.  258;  Velz.  Orn.  Bras.  p.  135 ;  Scl.  et  Sah.  P.  Z.  S.  1867,  p.  581 
(L.  Amazon.s) ;  iid.  Nomencl.  p.  50 ;  «SV//i'.  IbiSj  1885,  p.  306 
(Br.  Guiana). 

Bald  Crow,  Lath.  G.  II.  iii.  p.  14. 

Above  clear  yellowish  brown,  lighter  at  the  back  of  the  head; 
front  and  whole  summit  of  the  head  denuded,  leaving  only  slight 
black  bristles  ;  wings  and  tail  black :  beneath  similar,  but  abdomen 
passing  into  chesnut  rufous  ;  under  wing-covcrts  white ;  chin  slightly 
denuded ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  14  inches,  wing 
8*5,  tail  4.  Female  similar  but  smaller,  and  head  not  so  much 
denuded. 

Hah,  Cayenne,  Surinam,  and  Guiana. 

a,  b.   (S  ad.  at.     Cayenne.  Purchased. 

c.  Ad.  sk.  French  Guiana  (i^oMery).  SaMn-Godman  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Cayenne.  Sclater  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Cayenne.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
/.  Ad.  sk.             Cayenne.                                           J.  Gould,  Esq. 

g.  Ad.  sk.  Maroni  r.,  Surinam  (Kappler),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

hf  i.  (5  ad.  sk.     Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

{IVhitely). 

j.  Ad.  sk.  Camacusa,  Brit.  Guiana  Salyin-Godman  ColL 

{Whitely). 

k.   $  ad.  sk.         Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana  (  Whitely),  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Guiana  {Brown),  Sclater  OolL 

VOL.  xrv.  2  n 


402 

28.  GTMNOSEBUS.  . 

Oymsoderus,  Geaffr.  St.-BUaire,  Ann.  d.  Mus.  xiii.  p.  237 

(1809) G.  fo 

CMMino,  Vieai  Analyse,  p.  37  (1816)    O.  fo 

Coronifl,  Olofer,  Fror.  Not.  vol.  xvi.  p.  277  (1827) G.  fo 

This  IB  another  monotypic  form,  distinguiahed  by  the  dcntii 
of  the  throat  and  neck,  and  the  short  compressed  plumes 
coyer  the  head  and  give  it  a  Vulturine  appearance.  It  extendi 
Qmana  across  Amazonia  to  Ecuador.  Gymnodtrua  is  of  a 
feebler  build  than  the  preceding  genera,  and  thus  iiiterm 
between  them  and  the  typical  Cotingida. 

I.  OTiiuioderaa  f oetidiu. 

Gracula  foetida  Zi'nn.  8.  N.  i.  p.  164. 

Le  C^jlnud  de  Cayenne,  Dai^.  H.  Etd.  009. 

Oorvus  nudicoUid,  Bodd.  Talk  d.  Ft.  Eni.  p.  37  (1783). 

Corrus  nudus,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  p.  371. 

Gniculft  nudft,  Lath.  Ind.  On.  i.  p.  190. 

GjuinoderuB  cajeDuensis,  Oeoffr.  Ann.  Mna.  xiii.  p.  237. 

Coracinagymnodera,  VtetU.  Ene.  Mith.  p.  7C9 ;  id.  Gal.  Ois.  ii. 

Atnpelia  □  udicoUis,  LtcM.  Douht.  p.  66. 

Coradna  fcetida,  J?j7.  Can»p.  i.  p.  178. 

Oymnodema  fee tidue, (Tray,  LUt  Gen.  B.  p.  62 (1S41) ;  Cab.  tnS 
Guian.  iii.  p.  691;  Burm.  Suit.  Ueb.  li.  p.  426;  Sclater,  F 
1867,  p.  266 (U.  Amaaon);  vrf.  Gat.  A.  B.  p.  258;  Feb.  Om 
p.  136  ;  Co*,  rf  Bnn.  Mui.  Hein.  ii.  p.  108 ;  Sd.  et  Stdv.  I 
1867,  p.  681  (L.  Amazons),  1873,  p.  286  (E.  Peru) ;  ud.  M 

S59;  Tacz.  Om.  Fir.  ii.  p.  390;  Salv.  Ibu,  1885,  p.  3C 
uiana). 
Bare-necked  Grakle,  LatA.  Q.  B.  ui.  p.  160. 
Above  and  beneath  dull  black ;  head  covered  with  short 
prc'astd  velvety-black  jiluiiies,  sidi?a  of   bead  and  nccli  nil 


29.   GHA8X0BHTKCHU8.  403 

29.  CHASMOBHTNCHUS.  ,„__ 

GType. 
Casmorhynchos,  Temm.  Man,  d'Om.  Analyse,  p.  Ixiii 

(1820) C.  variegatus. 

Aiapimga,  Less.  Trait,  d'Om.  p.  366  (1831) C.  nudicollis. 

Eulopogon,  OloffCTf  Hand-  u.  Hilfsb.  Nat,  p.  321  (1842).  C.  Tariegatus. 

Chasmorhynckas  is  certainly  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  forms 
of  the  Cotingidce,  Though  the  females  of  the  four  species  are  much 
alike,  the  niales  present  very  striking  differential  characters,  both 
in  colour  and  in  the  disposition  of  the  naked  caruncles  which 
ornament  the  head  and  throat.  They  are  further  remarkable  for 
their  loud  bell-like  voice. 

The  four  species  of  this  genus  are  distributed  over  the  Neotropical 
Region  from  Costa  Kica,  through  Venezuela  and  Guiana,  to  S.E. 
Brazil,  but,  strangely  enough,  the  form  docs  not  appear  to  occur  in 
Amazonia  *. 

Key  to  tlie  Specks, 

A.  White  above  and  beneath. 

{Throat  feathered;  head  with  a  feathered 
caruncle    1 .  niveus,  p.  403, 
Throat  naked ;  bead  without  a  cariuicle   .  .   2.  nmUcoUiSy  p.  404. 

B.  White :  head  brown  ;  wings  black 3.  variegatus^  p.  405. 

C.  Chestnut :  head  and  throat  white  ;  head  witli 

three  naked  caruncles 4.  tricarunculatuSf 

[p.  406. 

1.  Chasmorhynchns  niveus. 

Cotinga  blanc  de  Cayenne,  Daub,  PL  Enl.  7U3,  704. 

AmpeUs  nivea,  Bodd,  Table  d.  PL  EnL  p.  41)  (178:J). 

Ampelis  carunculata,  Gni.  S.  N.  i.  p.  841 ;  Lath.  (r.  II.  v.  p.  180. 

Chasmorhynchns  carunculatus,   Temm.   TabL   Meth.  p.  21 ;   Cab,  in 

Schomb.  Guian.  iii.  p.  (592;  Bp.  Consp.  i.  p.  178. 
Procnias  nivea,  Gray,  Gen.  li.  i.  p.  280;  Leotaud^  Ois.  Trin.^.  261. 
Chasmorhvnchus  niveus,   Cab.  et  Ilcin.  Mas.  JIvin.  ii.  p.  108;  Scl, 

Cat.  A.'B.  p.  258;   Tat/lor,  Ibis,  18(;4,  p.  88 (Trinidad);  Salv.  Ibis, 

1885,  p.  30i)  (Brit.  Guiana) ;  Pelz.  Orti.  Bras.-^.  134;  ScL  et  Salv. 

P,  Z.  >S.  1807,  p.  580  (L.  Amazons)  ;  iid.  Nomeyid.  p.  59;  Finsch, 

P.  Z.  !S.  1870,  p.  574  (Trinidad). 
Chasmorhynchns  albus,  ScL  Ibis,  18(X),  p.  407  (err.). 
Carunculated  Chatterer,  Lath.  G.  II.  v.  p.  180,  pi.  Ixxxiv. 

Snow-white ;  head  with  a  long  thinly-feathered  caruncle  arising 
from  the  front ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole  length  10-5  inches, 
wing  6-5,  tail  4.  Female,  Above  green :  beneath  yellowish,  varie- 
gated with  green ;  crissum  yellowish. 

Hob,  Cayenne,  Surinam,  and  Guiana. 

a.  d  ad.  St.  Cayenne.  H.  C.  Rothery,  Esq. 

|_lr.J, 

6.  S  ad.  St.  Cayenne.  Purchased. 

*  On  the  distribution  of  Cltosnuyrhynchm,  cf.  Sclater,  *'  The  Bell-birdB  of 
America,"  Intellectual  Observer,  x.  p.  401  (1867). 

2d2 


e. 
d. 
e. 
/■ 

jad.9k. 
cf  ad.Bk. 
Jjr.flk. 
$  ad.Bk. 

9- 

d«d.ak. 

A, 

1.  <J  2«l, 

/■ 

,;  ad.8k. 

k. 

SBd.Hk. 

L 

$  ad.Bk. 

n 

.  (jacLsk. 

cj  ad.  Bk. 
$  ad.  sk. 

Cayenne. 
Cajenne. 

Surinam  (Bartlttt). 
Baitica  Qrova,  Bnt.  Uuiana 


Brit.  Ouiana 


Carimang 

R.  AtUpurow,  Brit.  Ouiima 

Meniind  Mta.,  Brit.  Quiana 

(WiUely). 
Hwuma,  Brit.  Ouians 

Boraima,  Brit.  Ouiana 

(fnitet;/). 
Demerara. 

Venezuela  ( Warminffton). 


Salvm-Godmaii  Co 
J.  Gould,  Eaq. 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godman  Co 

Salrin-Godman  Co 

Salvin-Godman  Co 

SalTin-Godinau  Co 

Salvin-Godman  Co 

ScUter  CoU. 

SalTra-Godman  Co 
Sclater  CoU. 
Baron  Laugier's  Co 


2.  ChaBmorhjmchns  niidicolliB. 

Ampelia  nndicolliB,  Fieilt.  Nmiv.  Diet.  viii.  p.  IC4;  id.  JEnc.  Met 
p.  762. 

Chasmorhynchtu  nudicollU,  Temm.  Pi.  Col.  368,  383 ;  Mat.  Bev 
Ui.  p.  377 ;  Jiirm.  Sutt.  Ueb.  U.  p.  420 ;  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mu*.  Hm 
ii.  p.  108;  Set.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  ^S;  id.  Ibii,  1866,  p.  407;  Pe 
Om.  Brai.-a.  134;  Hamilton,  Ibi),  1871,  p.  306  (Breiil);  5W. 
80/11.  Jfomtnd.  p.  59 ;  Bert.  3. J.  O.  1873  j).  266  (S.  BrezU) ;  Be 
et  Jher.  ZeUtchr.  gei.  Om.  18^,  p.  141  (Rio  Grande  do  Sul). 

Procnias  nudicollis,  Max.  Seta.  n.  Brat.  i.  p.  52,  et  ii.  p.  168. 

Cotinga  alba,  ZXuni.  MSm.  80c.  Moic.  vi.  p,  177  (1823). 

CbMiuorliyncbiis  eciiriiiiculatiis,  i^pi-r,  Ai:  Braa.  ii.  p.  3,  pi.  4. 

ProcuioH  Eubft,  Oruu,  Gen.  B.  i.  p.  280. 

ChaamorhTBchua  albua,  B/t.  Onisp.  i.  p.  178. 


29.   GHISMOBHTNCHVS.  405 

3.  CliasinorliynchiiB  Tariegatna. 

Ampelis  variegata,  Chn,  8.  N,  i.  p.  841 ;  Lath.  Ind,  Om,  i.  p.  367. 

Procnias  Tariegata,  LSotaudj  Ots.  Trin.  p.  250. 

Chasmorhynchua  Tariegatus,  Temm,  H,  Col.  51 ;  Bp.  Omap.  i.  p.  178 ; 
Burm.  Syst.  Ueb.  ii.  p.  428 ;  Cab,  et  Hein.  Mas.  Hein,  ii.  p.  107 ; 
8cl  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  257  ;  id.  Ibis,  1866,  pp.  406,  407 ;  Salv.  Ibis, 
1886,  p.  306  (Brit.  Guiana)  ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  P.  Z.  S.  1868,  pp.  172, 
628  (Venezuela);  iid.  Nometicl.  p.  59;  Finsch,  P.  Z.  S.  1870, 
p.  574  (Trinidad). 

Variegated  Chatterer,  Lath.  G.  H.  v.  p.  185,  pi.  Ixxxv. 

Pure  white ;  head  coffee-brown ;  wings  black  ;  throat  denuded 
and  covered  with  small  caruncles ;  bill  and  feet  black :  whole 
length  10  inches,  wing  (S'-2^  tail  2*4.  Female.  Above  green ;  head 
greyish :  beneath  pale  yellowish,  wdth  green  striations  on  the  breast 
and  belly  ;  throat  greyish,  with  finer  striations. 

Hob.  Guiana,  Venezuela,  and  Trinidad. 

a,  6.  (5  9  ad.  st.  S.  Americii.  Purchased. 

c,d.  (5  5  ad. ;  Roraiina,  Brit.  Guiana  (  TJ^ite-     Salviu-Godman  Coll. 

^,/.  6  jr.  sk.        ///). 

g,h.  cJJad. sk.  San  Estoban,  Venezuela  (/rV-    Sal vin-Godman  Coll. 

j-ifif/). 

i,  S  ad*  sk.  Venezuela  (Gopmh/).  Sclater  Coll. 

j,  A;.   (S  jr.  sk.  Venezuela.  Sclater  Coll. 

/.  cT  ad.  sk.  Brazil  (":')  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

4.  Chasmorhyiielius  tricarunculatus. 

Chasm orhynch us  tricarunculatus,  J.et  E.  Verrcaiw,  Rev.  Zool.  1853, 
p.  193;7v?A.  Jouni.f.  Oru.  18G1,  p.  'ir^.^  (Costa  Uica)  ;  Scl.  Cat. 
A.B.  p.  1^58;  Sah\  Ibis,  1865,  p.  1)2,  pi.  iii.  (Co.sta  Rica);  id. 
P.  Z.  S.  18(')7,  p.  150,  et  1870,  p.  200  (Veragua ) :  ScL  Ibis,  1800, 
pp.  400,407;  Laicr.  Ann.  Lt/c.  N.  Y.  ix.  p.  117  (Costa  Rica); 
Frantz.  J.f.  O.  18('.9,  p.  810  (Costa  Rica) ;  Scl.  et  Salv.  Nomencl. 
p.  59 ;  IJoiicard,  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  (3()  (C^osta  Rica)  ;  Pidr/w.  P.  [/.S. 
K  M.  V.  p.  490  (Costa  Rica). 

Clear  chestnut-brown  ;  head  above  and  neck  below,  down  to  the 
breast,  pure  white ;  three  long  naked  caruncles,  one  from  the 
middle  of  the  front,  and  the  two  lateral  from  under  the  eyes ;  bill 
and  feet  black:  whole  length  10-5  inches,  wing  0*5,  tail  4-5. 
Female.  Above  green  :  beneath  yellowish  tlammidated  with  green. 

ffab.  Costa  Rica  and  Veragua. 

a.  S  ad.  at.  Costa  Rica.  Purchased. 

b.  d  ad.  ;    c-d.     Tucurriqui,  Costa  Rica  (Arc^).     Salvin-Godman  Coll. 
rT  ir  sk 

e.  d  ad. ;  /.  6     Costa  Rica  (Arce).  Sclater  Coll. 

jr.  sk. 

ff.  cJ  jr.  sk.  Costa  Rica.  Purchased. 

hy  t.  <5  $  ad.  sk.    Calovevora,  Veragua  (Arc4).  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

j  (S  ad.  sk.  Cordillera    de    Tol6,    Veragua  Salvin-Godman  Coll 

(Arc^). 

k.  S  ad.  sk.  Volcan  de  Chiriqui,  Veragua  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

(ArcS). 

I,  Jr.  sk.  Veragua  (Arc4).  Sclater  Coll. 

m.  <S  jr.  sk.  Veragua.  0.  Salvin,  Esq.  [P.]. 

n.  ?  ad.  sk.  Veragua  {Aroi).  J.  Gould,  Esq. 


FBnOIOIflllA 


Family  V.  PHYTOTOMID.E. 

The  family  Fhytotomida  oontaina  only  one  genns  Phyt 
vlth  Ibnr  species,  and  is  restricted  to  the  Neotropical  Region. 

The  Fhytotoma  have  a  general  extemtd  resemblance  1 
finches,  with  which  Ihey  were  associated  by  the  older  aii 
Eyton,  who  dissected  some  of  the  birds  procuied  during  the  i 
of  the  '  Beagle,'  first  shoved  (Zool.  Voy.  '  Beagle,'  iii.  p.  152 
Phytotoma  has  only  one  pair  of  stemo-tracbeal  muscles,  bu 
not  aware  of  the  importance  of  this  discovery.  This  chai 
however,  as  well  as  the  structare  of  the  tarsal  covedng,  wh 
pycnaspidean,  shows  that  the  true  position  of  the  Phytolo; 
among  the  Oligomyodians,  probably  near  the  Cotingidrr, 


1.  PHYTOTOttA. 
Pbytotoma,  Molina,  Saggio  s.  St.  iV<rf.  Chili,  p.  345  (1782)    . .   I 

Phytotoma  is  restricted  to  the  western  and  southern  portii 
Bouth  America,  extending  from  West«m  Peru  through  £ 
Chili,  and  Argentina  to  Northern  Patagonia.  The  Phji 
build  open  nests  and  lay  spotted  e^s  (ef.  Scl.  et  Ends 
Om.  i.  p.  164). 

Key  to  the  Speciet. 

A.  Tail  with  a  broad  red  cross  band    1.  rara.  n.  406. 

B.  Tail  uniform  blackish,  with  white  end. 


1.  vsjrotamA.  407 

flanks  with  dight  Uaok  striatioiui;  ddes  of  head  Uaok;  bQl  and 
Aefe  UadkiBh :  whole  lengQi  7  inohes,  wing  3*7,  tail  3.    Fmale. 
Above  like  the  male,  but  without  the  led  orown :  beneath  pale 
yellowiah  brown,  with  nmnerona  black  striationB. 
aOf.  Chili. 

0.  (f  ad.  ak.  Chili.  Sdater  ColL 

6,c.  c7  $  ad.  sk.  Chili  (James).  Sdater  Coll. 

tL  ig  biLbL  Colchagufty  Chili  (Beed),  Sdyin-Godman  Coll. 

e.  cf  ad.  dL  Colchagua,  Chili.  Purchased. 

/.  2  ad.  dc.  Chili.  SalTin-Godman  Coll. 

|F.  ?  ad.  dt.  ChiU.  T.  Bridges  [C.l 

A.  ^  ad.  sk.  Valparaiso,  Chili.  Lord  Byron  [P.]. 

hJ»  cf  2  ad.  sk.          Chili.  Jardine  Coll. 

«.  (}  ad.  St.  Chili.  CharlesCrawley.Esq. 

[P.]. 

L  <S  jr.  St.  Chili.  Sir  W.  Burnett  and 

Capt.  Fitzroy  [P.J. 

2.  Fhytotoma  angustirostris. 

Phytotoma  angustirostris,  ^  Orb.  et  Lafr.  Syn.  ^y.  i.  p.  37;  cTOrb, 
Kay.,  Ois.  p.  292,  pi.  29.  fig.  2 ;  Bp.  Cotisp.  i.  p.  80  ;  Cab.  et.  Hein. 
Mu8.    Hein.    ii.  p.  Ill;    Scl.    Cat,  A.  R  p.  2(30;    Scl.  et  Salv. 
Nomencl.  p.  60 ;  tid.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  019  (Bolivia). 

Above  daty  grey,  with  slight  blackish  striations  ;  crown  red ; 
wings  and  tail  brownish  black,  broad  margins  of  the  wing-coverts  and 
secondaries,  and  tips  of  all  the  lateral  t^-feathors  white :  beneath 
reddish  brown  ;  flanks  cinereous  ;  bill  and  feet  dark  brown  :  whole 
length  7*3  inches,  wing  3-6,  tail  3*5.  Female,  Above  greyish  white, 
densely  striated  with  black  :  beneath  white,  with  black  shaft-spots, 
which  grow  obsolete  on  the  lower  belly ;  under  wing-coverts  and 
orissnm  white. 

Hab,  Bolivia,  temperate  regions  of  eastern  slope  of  the  Andes. 

I  am  not  very  sure  that  this  species  is  really  different  from  F.  rutila. 
It  is  rather  larger,  not  so  bright  below,  and  rather  greyer  above. 
But  northern  specimens  of  F,  rutila  are  somewhat  intermediate. 

fl>ft»cJjr«8k.  Tilotilo,  Bolivia  (^Mctoy).  Salviu-Godman  Coll. 

c.  (J  ad.  sk.  La  Paz,  Bolivia.  .Jardine  Coll. 

d^  e.  c^  $  ad.  sk.  Bolivia.  Sclater  Coll. 

f,g,  ?  ad.  Bolivia.  T.  Bridges  [C.]. 

A.  c^  ad.  St.  Bolivia.  T.  Bridges  [C.J. 

3.  Fh3rtotonia  rutila. 

Habia  dentudo,  Azcaray  Apunt.  i.  p.  366. 

Phytotoma  rutila,  Vieill,  Nouv.  iJict,  xxvi.  p.  64;  id,  Enc,  MUk, 
p.  903 ;  d^Orb.  Voy,,  Ois.  p.  293,  pi.  29.  fig.  1 ;  Lafr,  Mag.  de  Zool. 
1832,  Ois.  id.  5 ;  JSp.  Consp.  i.  p.  86 ;  HarOaub,  Ind.  .^  p.  6 ; 
Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  Ill ;  Sd.  Cat.  A.  B.  p.  260; 
id.  P.  Z.  8. 1872,  p.  549;  8d.  et  Saiv.  Nomencl.  p.  60;  Mvdamj 
P.Z.8.  1872,  p.fe7  (Rio  Negro);  White,  P.Z.S.  1882,  p.  600 
(Catamarca)  ;  Burm.  La  Plata-Beise,  ii.  p.  451 ;  Bammm^  BuU, 
Nutt.  Om.  Cktb.  viii.  p.  203  (Lower  Uruguay) ;  8d.  ^  Hmb. 
Arg,  Om,  i  p.  164,  pL  viii. 


408  FHTT0TOHII1.B. 

Above  oiiiereotis,  with  obsolete  blackish  shaft^pobB ;  crown  re 
vingB  and  tail  black ;  a  broad  band  across  the  ends  of  the  lesser  win 
coverts,  sli^t  outer  margina  of  the  greater  coverte  and  secondarii 
and  tips  of  all  the  rectricoe  white  :  beneath  bright  red,  flanks  gre 
bill  brown ;  feet  black  :  whole  length  6-5  inches,  wing  3-3,  tail 
Femalt.  Above  greyish  white,  densely  covered  with  black  striation 
beneath  white,  with  less  Dumerons  black  striationsi  wiogs  and  t 
as  in  male. 

Sab.  Argentine  Republic  down  to  BJo  Negro,  Pat^onia, 


Mendoza. 

Cosquin,  Cordova  {White). 


a.  iS  ad.st. 

b,  e.   (J  ad. ; 
Q  ad.sk. 

*,/•  J  5  sd.  sk.  MendozB  { Weisihaupf). 

ff,h.  <J  $  ad.  ak.  Pampas  of  Arg.  Republic  {Ley- 

hJ-  (J  $  ad.  sk.  Parana  {Burmeieter). 

k.  (J  jr.  sk.  Parana  (Surmeiiter). 

',  "■'  i^  $  ad.sk.  Vic.  of  Buenos  Ayres  (Hatte- 
huit). 

'■  (J  2  ad.  sk.  Rio  Negro  of  Patagonia  {Hud- 


wti). 


P>9- 


Bio  Negro  of  Patagonia. 


Salvin-Oodmaa  Cc 
Sclater  Coll. 
Salvin-Godmai)  Cc 

Sclater  Coll. 

Purchased. 


4.  Pliftotonui  nimondii 

Phytotoma  raimondii,  Taa.  P.  Z.  S.  1883,  p.  71,  pi.  xvii. ;  id.  Or 

P(r.  ii.  p.  396. 
Miytotoma  rara,  TkK  Fmin.  Per.,  Avet,  p.  139  (P). 

Above  gieyish  cinereous,  with  the  feathers  darker  in  the  centn 
>t  front  of  head  rufous :  beneath,  throat  pale  ochro 


PHILKPmXDiB.  409 


Family  VI.  PHILEPITTIDvE. 

Stindeyall  *  first  showed  that  the  pecidiar  Madagascarian  type 
PMUpitta^  as  possessing  ten  fully  formed  primaries  and  a  non- 
bilaminate  tarsus,  could  not  be  satisfactorily  placed  among  the 
Osoines,  to  various  branches  of  which  it  had  been  referred  by  previous 
writers.  But  it  is  to  the  researches  of  Forbes  that  wo  are  indebted 
for  our  remaining  information  on  this  curious  form.  In  one  of 
his  excellent  articles  upon  the  anatomy  of  the  Passores  t>  Forbes 
took  up  the  question  of  Fhilejjitta,  and  described  its  palate,  ptery- 
losis,  and  syrinx.  The  palate  and  pterylosis  are  truly  Passerine, 
though  possessing  slight  special  peculiarities.  The  syrinx,  which 
was  previously  unexamined,  he  showed  to  be  ])erfectly  Mesomyodian, 
as  indeed  had  been  predicted  by  Garrod  would  probably  turn  out  to 

0.  b.  c. 


a.  Syrinx  ot  Phikpltfa,  from  before,  ?.     b.  From  behind,  y. 

c.  From  rig) it  side,  ,\ 

(P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  ;389.) 

be  the  case.  It  follows  that  the  Philcpitt'ukn  must  bo  arranged  as 
one  of  the  Old-World  families  of  Oligouiyoda),  and  that  the  best  place 
for  it  is  next  to  the  Fittidre,  from  which  it  differs  in  its  taxaspidean 
tarsus  and  other  particulars. 

The  two  known  species  of  PhilepittidcB  arc  confined  to  Madagascar. 

1.  PHILEPITTA.  ,^ 

Type. 
Philepitta,  Geofr.  St.'Hilaire,  Mag.  de  Zool.  1839,  Ois.  pi.  3.  P.  gala. 
Brissonia,  Hartl.  Om.  Beitr.  Fmma  Madag.  p.  42  (1861)  .  P.jala. 
Buddinghia,  Pollm,  Faune  de  Madagasc.  ii.  p.  88  (1868)  . .  P.  schlegeli. 
Paictes,  Sund.  Av,  Meth.  Tent.  p.  63  (1872) P.  Jala. 


*  Tentamen,  p.  63.  t  P.  Z.  S.  1880,  p.  887. 


PHILZPimSS. 


Keif  to  At  Species. 


„ »™- nblack l.joto,p.410. 

B.  Bock  olive ;  abdomen  yellow  2.  tekUgtli,  p.  411 


1.  FMlepitta  jala. 
Merala  madagascarienBis  aurea,  Briu.  Omith.  n.  p.  247,  pi.  xx 

fig.  3. 
Tiudiu  AM   Merulft  madsgascarteiiaia   auiea,  Manttti,  Loraai 

Tanni,  Sfor.  Jfat.  d.  UcceUi,  ii.  p.  50. 
Le  Saui-jalft,  iujpm,  Sitl.  Nat.  th  Ois.  iii.  p.  398  (1775). 
Turdus  ca«taDeu8,  MuU.  Naturs.,  Suppl.  p.  143. 
Le  Merle  dor^  de  Made|!:ascar,  Daub.  Ft.  Enl.  530.  fi^.  2. 
Tuidiis  ialft,  Badd.  Tab.  PI.  Enl.  p.  31 . 
Black-clieeked  Tbnuh,  LaUt.  Otn.  Syn.  ii.  p.  76;  id.  Om.  Hx 

V.  p.  93;  Steph.  Shate'i  Zool.  x.  p.  231. 
Tutdua  nigerrimiu,  Ovu  Sygt.  Nat.  i.  p.  821;   B«ch*t.  Latham'$  A. 

Ud)«r*.  d.  Voy.  li.  p.  68 ;  EuU,  Buff,  el  Daub.  Fig.  Av.  p.  B. 
TurdaH  saoi-jftla,  Lath.  Ind.  Orn.  p.  356;    Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  : 

p.  287 ;  id.  Enc.  Mia.  ii.  p.  072 ;  Dumont,  Diet.  d.  Set.  Nat.  x: 

p.  159  ;   Temm.  Tab.  Mith.  p.  14. 
TuiduB  lunulatUB,  Shav),  Nat.  Migc.  xiv.  pi.  685. 
Philepitta   eericea,   Qeof.   St.-Hil.    Compl.   Bend.   tL   p.   442; 

Am.   Sd.   Nat.  1838,  p.  188 ;   id.    Bev.  Zool.  1838,  p.   60 ; 

Mag.  de  Zool.  1839,  Oig.  pi.  iii. ;   Gray,  Oen.  Bird*,  i.  p.  214, 

Append,  p.  9;  Det  Mun,  leoaogr.  Om.  pi.  xxzii. ;  Sp.  Con 

i.  p.  422 ;    Gray,  GaL  of  Oen.  Bdi.  p,  43  (1855)  ;    MiiU.  J.  f. 

lK5,p.388;   Hartl  J.  f.  O.  1860,  p.  9(i ;  id.  Omithol.  BeUr 

Faun.  Madagate.  p.  42  ;  Poiku,  Nederl.  Tijdtch.  v.  d.  Dierk.  18 

p.  305 ;   VerreoMX,  Viruon'i  Voy.  d  Madai/a»c.  p.  2. 
PhUepittA  geolfroj-i,  />«  Mure  eti'rh:  Bn:  yy:.ol.  ItUt),  p.  241 ;   Gr 

Gelt.  Birds,  i.  p.  214,  ft  Append,  p.  SI;  Bp.  Cmvp.  i.  p.  422;  M 


4U 

mnlflted  all  over  with  pole  yellowish ;  no  corancle  above  the 
eye.  Foung  viaU.  Black,  all  the  feuthera  more  or  le&s  margioed  with 
yellow. 

Bab.  Madagascar. 


1.  5  ad.  ak. 
>,c.  (f  ?ad.;  I 

ft  cf.sd.;/.  (f 

jrak. 
f.  g  ad.  Bk. 

I  A.  (f  jr.  Bk. 


Madagascar. 

Noce  Vola,  N.  Madagascar 

(Croalei/). 
Noce  Vola,  N.  Madagaecor 

{C'roMley). 
Noce  Vola,  N.    Madagascar 

(O0IB%). 

Ankftlana  Forest,  Betailao, 
Madagascar, 


Purchased. 
Sharpe  Coll. 


Sftlrin-Oodman  Coll.    ■ 


Rev.      W.      Deam 

Cowan  [C.]. 


2.  Phjlepitta  schl^eli. 

Philepitta  aehlogeli,  StAltg.  P.  Z.  S.  1809,  p.  42-2 ;    Orandid.  lUa.  a   ' 
Maff.  de  Zoot.  1867,  p.  35(1;  Schtfy.  et  PoUen,  Fami.  ik  Madagaie. 
ii.  p.  88,  pL   xjutii.;  Gray  Hand-l.  Birrft,  i.  p.  297  ;  Itartl.  Die 
Viigel  3Iadagasc.-p.  163;  Mitne-Edw.  et  Grondid.  N.  R.  Madagaie. 
xu.  p.  802,  pis.  109.  %  2  (5),  111  (^). 

Above  yellowish   olive-green  ;    head  and   nape   black  :    beneath 

bright  yellow ;   largo  fleshy  camnole  round  the  oye  blnish  green ; 

I  bill  bladt ;  foot  pale  brown  :  whole  length  5  inches,  wing  3,  tail  I'fl, 

*  .fimalt.  Above  olive-green,  with  white  atriations  on  head  :    beneath 

yellovrieh  ;  no  caruncle  round  the  eyo. 

Sab.  Madagascar. 


0.  d  ad.  i  d.  <J  jr.  sk. 


N.E.  Madagaacar  (  Van  Dam). 


Purchased. 


Family  VII.  PITTIDiE. 


^^H        Dr.  Cabanie,  in  the  first  part  of  his  'Oniithologische  Notizen,' 
^^B  pablished  in  1S47,  was  the  6rst  author  to  auggestthat,  judged  by  it 
^^^1   outer  conformation,  IWa  (alone  among  the  Asiatic  Ant-Thraahea)  l 
^^^g    Bhonld   be  excluded  from   the   OBcinine  series,  but  deferred  ths  1 
^^^     positive  Bettlemcnt  of  the  question  until  the  etmcturo  of  the  organs  1 
of  the  voice  could  be  ascertained.      This  investigation  Johanoea  1 
ATiiller,  who  had  expressly  alluded  to  the  importance  of  the  point  J 
in  hifl  great  work  on  the  vocal  organs  of  the  PasBeres,  was  unable 
to  nndertako  for  wontof  spcciroons.     And,  although  several  authora 
adopted  Ur.  Cabanis's  auggeation    and   referred  the  Pittas  to  the 


418  nniDM. 

"  ClamatoteB  "  or  "  Volacree,"  the  question  tbs  not  finally 
until  1873,  when  our  excellent  anatomist  Garrod  obtainei 
mens  for  disaection,  which  proved  deciairely  that  Pitta  d 
bebng  to  the  Oacines  *. 

In  1876  Garrod  obtained  further  epecimens  of  Pitla, 
scribed  and  figured  the  formation  of  the  trachea  in  detail  f,  a 
finally  closed  the  controversy,  showing  that  Pitta  is  what  h 
"  Ueeomyodian,"  although  it  haa  a  typical  Oscinine  tarsus. 

The  PUtidte  are  essentially  a  group  of  the  Oriental 
numbering  some  45  species.  A  single  Pitta  has  intrude 
into  the  centre  of  the  Ethiopian  Region,  and  several  specii 
in  the  Australian  R^on,  and  extend  the  area  of  the  group  oi 
Guinea  to  New  Britain  and  Eastern  Australia.  An  exceUeni 
on  their  distribution  has  been  written  by  Mr.  Wallace  t- 

The  Kttas  were  monographed  by  Mr.  Elliot  in  1853,  i 
greater  number  of  them  have  been  %ured  by  Gould  in  bis  ' '. 
Asia '  and  '  Birds  of  New  Guinea.'  Gould  also  commenced  a 
graph  of  this  brilliant  group,  of  which,  however,  only  one  pi 
been  issued  at  the  time  of  hia  decease  §. 

The  Pittas  build  open  nests,  and  lay  spotted  eggs.  Some  < 
have  been  figured  by  Miiller  and  Spiegel  (Ycrbaudl.  Zoo] 
tab,  iii.) ;  others  have  been  described  by  Sharpe  (P.  Z.  S 
p.  346),  and  Gates  (B.  Brit.  Bum.  vol.  i.  pp.  411-421). 


Keg  to  the  Oenera. 

A.  Frontal  plumes  recumbent ;  tail  shorter. 

a.  Bill  longer,  more  compreaaed    1.  Anthocincla, 

b.  Bill  shorter,  less  compressed. 
•.  Tiiil  charter.  '  .  ^    « 


2.  PITTA.  413 

1.  Anthocincla  phayiii 

ADtbocinclaphRyrii,  Biyth,  J.  A.  S.  B.  sxii.  p.  343 ;  id.  B.  Biirm. 
p.  100;  Hume,  Str.  F.  m.  p.  109,  pi.  ii.,  et  viii.  n.  94;  Hiime^ 
Dav.  Sir.  F.  vi.  p.  2*5 ;  Bmgham,  Str.  F.  ix.  pp.  177,  Hi ;  OaUi, 
B.  BrU.  Barm.  i.  p.  420. 
Above  clear  brown  ;  centre  lioo  of  head,  broadeuing  on  the  nape, 
black,  bordered  on  each  side  with  light  brown  ;  long  auperciliarioe, 
widened  behind  the  eye  and  much  lengthened,, white  with  black 
edgings,  bordered  below  by  a  black  line  which  joins  the  uupe;  wing- 
feathers  blackish  :  wing-covertfi  brawn,  with  black  Bubapiual  cross 
bands  and  bright  rufous  tips ;  tail"  earthy  brown :  beneath  clear 
bright  brown,  with  black  spots  on  the  sides  of  the  throat  and  flanks ; 
middle  of  throat  white ;  crisHum  dull  pink ;  bill  black ;  feet  clear 
brown :  whole  length  8-2  inches,  wing  4,  tail  2.  Female  similar, 
but  without  the  black  oo  the  head  and  nape,  and  much  more  spotted 
beneath. 

Hab.  Teuasscrim  and  Earcn  Hills. 

a.  $  ad.  sk.  Quajmoocky,  Tboungyeen  H.,    Hume  Coll, 

Tenasseriin    (C     *     Biny- 

ham). 
6.  J  ad.  9k.  Meplay    liiver,    Thoiinareen    Hume  Coll. 

VBHev,   Tenasserim   (t".    T. 

Bingham). 
B.  S  ud,  ek.  Meplay     River,    Thoungj-een     R.  B.  Sharpe  [P.]. 

Vallev,  Tenaaserim  (f'  T. 

Binghamy 
d,e.   iJ  5  nd.  ak.      Meplay    River,     Thoimgyeen     I'urchused. 

VftUeT,  Tenasserim  (C"  T. 

Bingftatn). 

f.  ^  ftd.  Rk.  6inzawaj  Forests,  Tcoosserim     Hume  Coll. 

(P.  T.  Bingham). 

g,  cf  ad.  ak,  Dargwin,     Salween      District     Hume  Ooll. 

( W.  Daviiun). 
h.  2  ad.  ak.  Wimpong,     Thatone,    Tenw-     Hume  Coll. 

aerim  (  W.  Davisua). 
1.  Ad.  ak.  Karen  HilU  ( Wardlaw  Sam-      Tweeddale  Coll, 

sag). 

2.  HTIA'.  .^ 

Rtta,  Fieiti.  Ajutlyie,  p.  42  fl816l P.  brachyura. 

Myothera,0(D.JMm.jln.i.ii,35C(1817)     P.  brachyni*.    I 

BracbyuniB,  Thunl.  Vet.  Aked.  Bandl.  1821,  p.  370. .  P.  bmchyura.  ] 
Citta,  Wool.  Suit.  Av.,  gen.  Corvua  (1827)  {nee  Bote,  I 

1826) P.  braab7un.4 

Paludicohi,  Hodfft.  Joum.  Aa.  Soc.  Beng.  vi.  p.  103  ^ 

(1837)  P.  nipatenaia. 

Hydremia, Blgth.  Joum.  Ae.Soc.  Beng. xii. p. 9G0f  1843)  P.  nipalentdB. 
Heleomis,  Hodge.  Gray't  Zool.  JUiac.  p.  83  (1844) ....   P.  nipoleiiina. 
GigoDtipitta,  Bp.  Cbtup.  Fot.  Ameod.  p.  7  (1854)  ....  P.  c»rulea. 
Eiythroj«ttB,£p.ii(rf.(1864)  P.  mackloli. 

*  Cf.  as  to  this  mune.  8d.  Ibk  1977,  p.  'iUU. 


414  ptFODJc. 

Type. 

Iridjpitla,  Bp.  ibid.  (18M) P.  Imudii 

MelMwpitto,  Bp.  ibid.  (1854)    P.  cucull 

Cololmris,  Cab.  et  Sein.  Mua.  Hein.  ii.  p.  3  (1859)    . .  P.  strepit 
Phcenicocichla,  Cab.  ft  Sein.  Mm.  Sein.  ii.  p.  5  (1859)  P.  granat 

Leucopitta,  Etiiot,  Ibi$j  1870,  p.  413    P.  cyanw 

Cerrinipitto,  EtUot,  ibid.     P.  molua 

Purpureipitto,  EUiol,  op.  at.  p.  416 P.  veuuat 

CjMopitta,  Oouid,  Mm.  Pitta,  pi.  8  (1880)  P.  steerii 

Many  generic  terms,  as  will  be  seen,  have  been  proposed  fo 
different  sections  of  the  Pittas.  But  I  think  it  preferable  to 
them  under  one  genus,  which  for  the  purpose  of  study  may  he  di 
into  two  divisions  and  nine  sections,  as  follows : — 

Div.  A.   PrTT.S   ABRBBANTES, 

Size  Urge :  crissum  not  scarlet. 
a.  Siie  la^:  predominant  colour  brown:  sexes  similar.    {Hydn 

J 
6.  Size  veiy  large  :  back  of  male  blue,  of  female  chestnut : 


difierenU     {OigaatipiUa.) 
■:  Size  moderate :  hack  uiie, 


ine,  duller  in  female ;  beneath  cross-ba 
tajl  rather  ebngatad:  sexes  slightly  different.  {Leueopitta.)  \ 

Wt.  B.  Pn-r.«  TYMc^ 

Size  moderate  (except  in  Cdlojpitta') :  crissum  scarlet 

(except  in  IrvUpitta). 

d.  Size  large  :    upper  surface  Uack ;  breast  white ;  crissum  ec 

sexes  alike.    (Calmtta.)  p 

e.  Cnp  brown,  with  a  black  mesial  stripe  {  lesser  wing-coTerts  and 

blue;  breast &wn-coloui;  crissum  scarlet:  sexes  similar.  (J 
p 

f.  Whole  abdomen  crimson ;  bright  superciliary  stripe  pole  blue : 

similar.     {PAo:niroi:ichla.)  p 

■  Whole  ftbdiimep  scarlet;  brcnat-band  blue :  beaJ-browiii 


3.   TTTtk. 


415 


Pitu  nipBlciisig,  Ormj,  Gen.  B.  i.  p.  214 ;  id.  Cat.  Mamn.  S(  Birdi 
Nepal,  p.  40  (1963) ;  Blvtit,  Cat.  Mm.  A.  S.  B.  p.  16(5 ;  Moorr 
el  Honf.  Cat.  B.  Mm.  'E.  I.  Co.  toI.  i.  p.  182 ;  WaUace,  Ibie, 
1864,  p.  108;  Goidd,  B.  Aiia,  v. pi.  70;  Sehleo.  Mm.  P.-B.  Pitts, 
1863,  p.  2, 1874,  p.  4. 

BrachyuTus  nipalonni^,  Blyth,  J.  A.  S.  B.  xvl  p.  163 ;  Bp.  Con^i.  \. 
p.  K3;  Elliot,  Ibisj  1870,  p.  413. 

GigatitipittA  oepalensu,  Bp.  t'on^.  Vol.  Aitinod.  p.  7, 

Brochjurus  (Gigantipitta)  nepaleiuiB,  Elliot,  Mtm.  Pill.  pi.  iii. 

Hydrornis  nipslensis,  Jwrf.  B.  Inil.  i.  p.  502 1  Bli/th,  B.  Burtn.  p.  97 ; 
Oatei,  Sir.  F.  iii,  p.  337;  id.  B.  Brit.  Buna.  i.  p.  412;  Hume, 
Sir.  F.  riii.  p.  ai 

Pitta  nuchalis,  Btylh,  J.  A.  S.  B.  xi.  p.  188. 

Above  dull  grconiah  ;  large  nucha!  pakh  blue  ;  front,  crown,  and 
Bidee  of  head  pale  brown,  whiter  on  loros  ;  wiitga  blackish,  edged 
with  pale  brown  ;  tail  duU  greenish  ;  beneath  brown,  rather  more 
bnffy  on  the  middle  of  the  belly ;  throat  whitish  ;  bill  blackish ; 
fwt  brown  ;  whole  length  10  inches,  wing  4-S,  tail  '2'7,  tarsi  2-2. 
FemaU  similar,  Touiuj.  Above  dark  ashy,  with  numerous  shaft- 
apota  of  pale  brown  :  beneath  lighter,  and  densely  covered  with 
loige  pinky-brown  spots. 

Hab.  From  Nepal,  through  Assam  and  Khasia  Hills,  to  Pegu. 


t,,b.  cf?ad.8t. 

Nepal. 

B,  H.  HodgBon,  Esq 
B.  f'r.'  Hodgson,  Esq 
iKme  CoU. 

fv/.  Ad.  9k. 

Nepal. 

'■It''-'- 

j,  i.  <J  ad-i  (.  $ 

Native  Sikkirn  {L.  MandeUt). 

Sikhim  (Z.  Mandelli). 

Hume  Coll. 

•'  ad.:»i-s.  Ad.; 
o",  b:  Jr.  sk. 

tf.  Ad.  Bk. 

Rongbee.  Darieelinr. 

Hume  Coll. 

df-i.  Ad.;  j:    Jr 
k.  Ad.  ak. 

Daqeeling.     ' 

Hume  ColL 

Biisa  Doors  {L.  Mandelli). 

Home  Coll. 

r.m'.  Ad.Bk. 
M*.  Ad.ak. 

Bhotan  Doars  (i.  Maadelli). 

HoiUG  Coll. 

Sadhvia  {J.  Covkbum). 

Hume  Coll. 

e'.  Ad.  Bk. 

Dollnh  (J.  Cochhum). 

Hume  Coll. 

p".  Jr.  8k. 

Dibrugbur  (J.  B.  Ci-im>^). 

Hmiie  Coll. 

tf.  2  ad.  8k. 

Dilkushah,  Cachar(  J,  Inffli^). 

Hume  Coll. 

r'.  Ad.  sk. 

Manipuf  (vdl.  0.  JTimr:). 
N.  EbadA  llillB  ( Chenneil). 

Hume  Coll. 

»'.  ?  ad.  Bk. 

Tweeddale  CoU. 

r, «'.  Ad.  Bk. 

Cackar  (Conttable). 

Gould  Coll. 

»■,  W.  2  ad.  i^L 

Kar^nnee  ( If'ardlcw  Bamsat/) 

Tweeddale  Coll. 

i',  y'.  Ad.  »k. 
z\  Jr.  9!f. 

^""^ 

E.  \V.  Gates  [F.\ 

Gould  CoU 

2.  Fitta  soror. 

Pitta  (Ilydromia)  aoror,  WardlatB-Ramtay,  Ibii,  1881,  p.  496, 
Like  the  young  of  P.  nipahiiM,  but  smaller,  tarsi  more  slender; 
head  above  strongly  tinged  with  bluish  green,  shading  into  a  nuchal 
patch  of  dull  blue. 


Hab.  Saigon  (?). 

It  is  not  possible  to  express  any  opinion  on  tliis  spedes  ant 
receipt  of  ftirther  spedmens. 

a.  Ji.  sk.  Saigon  P  Tweeddale  CoR 

(Type  of  the  apedaa 

3.  Pitts  oatesi. 

HTdroniia  oatesi,  Hume,  Sir.  F.  i.  p.  477,  et  riii,  p.  93 ;   Wt 
Blylh,  S.  Bum.  p.  08 ;  Hume  et  Dan.  Sir.  i^  vi.  p.  237  j 
S.  Brit.  Barm.  i.  p.  411 ;  Salvad.  Ann.  Mw.  Civ.  Oen.  ser. 
p.  fi73  (Tenaaserim). 
Above  dull  green ;   whole  head  and  nape  rich  rufons ; 
blaoki^,  with  pale  browniah  edgings  ;  tail  brown,  tinged  witl 
greenish :  beneath  rich  mfoiia,  passing  into  deep  boff  on  the  u 
of  belly  and  crissom ;  middle  tnf  throat  whitish  ;  bill  hom-oc 
feet  pale  brown :  whole  length  9-5  inches,  wing  4-7,  taU  2-5,  tt 
Femalt  similar,  but  paler  beneath, 
Hab.  Pegu  and  Tenasserim. 

o,  6.  (J  J  ad.      Eastern  slopes  of  Pegu  hills.  K  W.  Oatos 

sL 
c.  ,;  ad. ;  d.        Eastern  Pegu  hills  {E.  W.  Oatet).      Hume  Coll. 

Ad.  sL 


Mooleyit  Tenasseri  m{W.  DavUon) . 
AssooD,  Tenasserim  (  W.  Daviion). 

Assoim,  Tenasserim  (Idmborg). 
Thoungjah,  Tenasserim  [i'.  i}ar- 
linff). 
^  ad.;       Meetan,TenasBerim(IF.  DutiwonJ. 
i-a'.  $  ad.  ek. 


e.  tj  ad. 

^-  i  "1- 

$  ad. 

A.  £  ad. 

i5!adi;. 

jr.  Bk. 


Pitta  gipas.  MiiU.  ^  Schl.  Verk.  Tool  Pitta,  p.  14  ;  Ttmm.  Tt  Cd. 

217(]K23);  X«r».  Tr.  (TO™,  p.  304. 
BncbjUTUS  daviBoni,  Hume,  Sir.  F.  iiL  p.  821. 

Above  bright  bine  ;  back  of  head,  nape  and  neck  black  ;  front, 
lores,  and  sides  of  head  whitish  ssby ;  wings  black,  more  or  less 
edged  with  blue ;  tail  bine :  benenth  pala  cincrcouB,  with  a  strong 
buffj-  tinge  on  the  belly  which  becomes  nearly  white  in  the  middle  i 
irregular  and  halt-eoncealed  guttural  collar  black ;  bill  blackish ; 
feet  pale  brown  :  whole  length  12  inches,  wing  fi,  tail  2-8,  tarsi  2-5. 
Female  similar,  but  back  and  wiiig-coverts  cheetnut-brown,  and  head 
bnffy  greyish,  with  numerous  black  croea  bands,  and  a  black  collar 
on  tile  back  of  the  neck. 

Hab.  Tenasserim,  Malay  Peninsula,  Sumatra,  and  Borneo. 

a-e.  g  ad.;  d.  2 

e.  2  'ad.  at. 
/  2  ad.  St. 
ff.  Jr.  Ilk. 
h.  2  od.  sk. 
«.J.  cf  9  sd.  sk. 
A.  d  al  ak. 
/.  2  ad.  sk. 
m.  d  ad.  sk. 
n.  d  ad.  sk. 
o,  p.  d  2  ad.  sk. 
;.  d  ad.  sk. 
r,».  d  2  >d.  St. 


e.  She  moderate  ;  back  blue,  duller  in  female  ;  beneath  crosa- 
banded;  tail  rather  elongated,     (Lmcopilla.) 

This  is  also  a  peculiar  and  eomcwhat  ifiolati^d  form,  in  many 
reepects  approaching  Aiithocixcia.  Its  tail  is  rather  longer  than  in 
most  Pitta,  but  not  sufiicicntly  ao,  in  my  opinion,  to  render  it 
advisable  to  remove  it  to  Eiitichta. 


5.  Pitta  C7anea. 

Pitta  cyanea,  Blytli,  J.  A.  S.  B.  xii.  p.  lOOfi  (1843),  iTi.  p.  153;  id. 
Cat  B.  jWm.  a.  &  p.  157  ;   Gray,  Ga,.  B.  i.  p.  213,  pi  65 ;  Oould, 

h.  Aaia,  v.  pi.  80;   Horf.  ^  J^oore,  Cat.  B.  Mu».  E.I.  C.  p.  182; 
Wallace,  Ibw,  1864, p.  108;  HvmettUav.  Sifr. f . ri. p. 238 j  Hume, 

Sir.  F.  \m.  p.  93 ;  Baightim,  Str.  F.  ix.  p.  473. 
Bnchyvnia  cvanpud,  Btt/th,  /.  A.  S.  B.  xvi.  p.  153;  icj.  B.  BriL 

Surm.  p.  OS;  Bp.  Cotwp.  i.  p.  253;  Eiliol,  Mm,  Pitt.  pi.  liii.; 

id.  Ibi>,  1870,  p,  413 ;  Hume,  Sir.  F.  iii.  p.  107. 
Oigantipitta  cyaaea,  Bp^  Cimtp.  Vol.  Avuod.y.  7. 
Eueichla  cyanea,  Oaiei,  B.  Brit.  Bum.  i,  p.  419;  Salmul.  Atm.  Mu». 


Bankftsoon,  Tenaaaerim  i 

(r. 

Hume  Coll. 

Davison). 

Malacca  (Oirttor). 

India  Museum. 

Malacca. 

Purchased. 

MBlacca(irarrf/a«)  Ramiav). 

Tweeddale  CoU. 

Malacca. 

Hume  Coll. 

Malacca. 

A.  R.  Wallace  [0.]. 

Malacca  (rafffl«). 

Gould  CoU. 

Slalacca. 

Gould  Coll. 

JIulacta  {Br.  Cantor). 

India  Museum. 

Malacca  iDr.  CajUor). 

India  Museum. 

Malacca. 

Capt.  Pinwill  [P.]. 
India  Museum. 

SuDintra  (linpee). 

Sumatra  {Baffin). 

Zool.  Soc.  Coll. 

I 
I 

I 


.418  pirmt-s. 

Aboro  bright  bine;  wings  ashy,  more  or  leu  edged  with 
tail  blue ;  crovn  brownish  gray,  with  a  nairow  black  vertical  i 
nape  scarlet;  lorea  aad  line  through  the  eye  to  the  nape 
beneath  pale  bluish,  thickly  covered  with  black  ahoft^pots 
and  middle  of  throat  huffy  white,  aides  of  throat  black,  witl 
white  Bpota ;  middle  of  belly  and  criaaum  whitish ;  under 
ooTorta  and  band  acrosB  the  inner  weba  of  the  primaries  a' 
base  white ;  bill  black ;  feet  palo  brown :  whole  length  8-5  i 
wing  4'5,  tail  2'3,  tarsi  1'7.  Female  similar  but  duller,  am 
dull  cinereous  tinged  with  bluish. 
Hah.  Bhotan,  fiiirmah,  and  Siam. 

Bhotan.  India  Museun 

AiTBcan.  As,  Soc.  Bcug 

Eastern  Pegu  Hills  (£.  W.         Hume  Coll. 

Oatei). 
Eastern  Pegu  Hills.  E.  W.  Oslcs  [ 

Pahpoon,  Tenaaeerim  (JT.        Hume  ColL 


a.  $  ad.  sk. 

b.  J  ad.  ek. 

c.  <Jad.;d,e.  $ 

/j?.  <JSad.8k. 
k.  ^  ad.;i,j.  S 

adlak. 
t.  cf  ad.sk. 

;.  <;  ad.  sk. 

fft.  ij  ad.  sk. 

»~q.  (J  ad. ;  r,  *. 

2  ad.Bk. 
t,'«.  S  ad.;  B-y. 

$  ad.  ek. 
jt  (Jad-jo'.  2 

6'-J.'cj'ad.;e', 

/'.  5  od.  ek. 
^-j:  (J  ad. ;  ft' 
'.  g  ad.  ak. 


t>avU 


Darewin,  Tenaaserim   (W. 

2)avuon). 
Heeling,     TenasBerim     (JT. 

Davigon), 
Thamban,  Tenasserim  (W. 


Hume  Coll. 


Daei, 


«  Bakan,  Tenasaerim 

(  W.  Daviton). 
Aasoon,  Tenasseiim  {W. 

Daeiton). 
Mootej'it,  Tenasserim  ( W. 

Da  a  tori), 
Meetan,    Teoasaerim     ( W, 


d.  Sixe  large :  nppor  Burface  black  ;  breast  white.     (CalopiUa.) 
ThU  is  perhaps  the  Snest  and  most  brilliant  form  of  the  whole 
group  ;  and,  though  aJIied  to  the  next  section,  most  atond  bIohq. 

6.  Pitta  maximB. 

Fittn  maxima,  StiUi.  et  Schleg.  Verh.  Zonl.  Fitta,  p.  14 ;  Qrag,  Oen. 
B.  i.  p.  213 ;  irf.  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  p.  3fil ;   fTerfermon,  JBijdr.  t.  d. 
nierk.  i.  p.  46,  Pittii,  pi.  1 ;  Schltg.  Mandl.  t.  d.  Dierk.  i.  p.  263, 
Ave»,  pi.  2.  fig.  21 ;  id.  Voq.  Ned.  Ind.  Pitta,  p.  4,  pi.  i.  figr.  4;  id. 
Mia.  P.-B.  Pitta,  p.  2  (1803),  et  p.  4  (iaT4) ;  id.  Ned.  tijdithr. 
Dierk.  iii.  p.  189;  Wallare,  liw,  1859,  p.  112,  1660,  p.  107,  ISM,   . 
pp.  103, 106,  IU8 ;  Bertut.  Nat.  Tijdgehr.  Ditrk.  ii.  p.  873 ;  Salaa^  '. 
AttH.  Mia.   a'v.   Gertav.  vii.  p.  772,  ivi,  p.  184;  id.  Om.  Rqh   , 
ii.  p.  378 ;  Gould,  B.  Xew  Own.  pt.  ii.  pi.  5.  I 

BracbTums    marimufl,   Bp.   Cotup.   i.   p.   253;   flliot,  Mm.  Pitt. 

pi.  lii.  ;  id.  Ms,  1870,  p.  413. 

Oiganfipittft  maxima,  Bp.  Conap.  VoL  Aniaod.  p.  7. 

Leucopilta  mB.iima,  Gould,  Mim.  Pitt.  pi.  7, 

Above  Tetvety  bli^ck  ;  witigs  blark,  with  a  white  b&nd  aoroaB  th« 

primaries  ;  wing-coTerts  bright  lilue ;  secoiidariea  edgtil  with  green ; 

tail  black:  bencutb  white,  cbio  aud  sidi's  of  throat  black  ;  middle  of 

"belly  and  crissum  crimson  ;  undiT  win;;- coverts  black  ;  bill  block  j 

feet  brown :  whole  leuj^th  11    inches,  wing  5'5,  tail  3,  tarsus  2-5. 

Female  similar. 

Hab.  Gilolo. 

»,  6.  (J  2  ad. ;  Cilolo.  A.  E.  WaUace  [C.]. 

c.  Ad.  sk. 

i.  Ad.  sk.  Uilolo  ( Wallace).  Purchased. 

t.  rf  ad.  sk.  Ciilolo.  Salviii-Godman  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  sk.  Gilnlo.  Gould  Coll. 

g.  Ad.  sk.  Gilolo  ( Waaate).  Tweeddale  CoU. 

t.  Cap  brown,  wifh  a  black  mesial  stripe  ;  lesser  wing-coverts 
snd  rump  blue  ;  breast  fawn-colour  :  crissum  scarlet;  sexes 
similar.     {Pitla.) 

Key  to  the  Section. 

A.  Upper  wing-coverla  and  rump  dark  purplish 

1  Kill  smaller 7.  pyanoptera,  p.  420. 

I  Bill  larger     8.  nugarhynclia,  p.  421, 

B.  Upper  wing-coTerta  and  rump  bright  light  blue. 

a.  Throat  white. 

o'.  Whole  belly  scarlet 0.  angolcnm,  p.  422. 


'.  Only  middle  nf  bully  scarlet. 
a".  Wings  tipped  with  white    . . 


lipped  with  white    . . 10.  brachjura,  p,  423, 

b".  Wings  Dot  tipped  ttith  white. 
a'".  Breast     pale    greenish     grey  : 
crown  brown,  with  n  black  mesial 
stripe: 

)  chin  white     11.  nytnpha,  p.  426, 

1  chin  blackish    12.  fcci-ta,  p.  426. 

:i  E  2 


420  smntM. 

("'■  Breast  deep  ochiaceoua,  crown 

black 13.  P^orgi,  p.  426 

i.  Throat  black. 
tf,  Snuller :  centre  of  crown  black. 

c*',  SuperciliuieB  brasd,  brown 14.  eonemna,  p.  4£ 

d".  Superciliariea  nairaw,  jeUowiah. 

IBiU  thinner 16.  irena.^.^n. 

\  Bill  thicker 16.  crattirottnt,  \ 

d.  Larger:   crown  deep  brown,  with    a 

black  meeUl  stiipe 17.  ttreptlaw,  p.  4 


7.  Pitta  cyaiioptera. 

Merle  des  Holuques,  Davh.  PL  Snl.  357  (?). 
Tardus  molaccensiB,  P.  L.  S.  MiilL  Naturiyit.,  Sm>pt.  p.  144  ( 
Turdus  macrouni*  ftadutuB,  Bodd.  Table  d.  PL  Enl.  p.  16  (17 
Corviu  brachyurus,  var.  d.  madsgascarienBiB,  Om.  S.  N.  i. 

(1788). 
HriotherB  brach^ura,  Saffi.  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  ziii.  p.  300  (18; 
I^tta  cjanoptera,  TeBim.  PL  Col.  218  (1823):  Pig.  Mem. 
p.66&(1830);i;eM.  3V.  rf"  Om.  p.394C1831);  MiiU.  et  Schi 
Zool.  Pitta,  pp.  7,  17 ;  G.  Ji.  Gray,  Gen.  B.  i.  p.  213 
Saraioak,  p.  410  j  Blyth,  Cat.  Mai.  A.  S.  p.  157 ;  Moore,  1 
1854,  p.  274;  Bortf.  rf  Moore,  Cat.  B.  Miu.  E.I.  C.  i.  ] 
JUottL  et  DiUlo.  Contr.  Nat.  Siit.  Lahaioi,  p.  22 ;  Schleg. 
Ned.  Ind.  Pitta,  pp.  9,  32,  pL  4.  fife.  1  (18G3) ;  id.  Mm.  d 
Bat,  Ktta,  p.  9  (1863),  et  p.  15  (1874);  WaUace,  Ibti 
pp.  106,  110 ;  ITaldai,  P.  Z.  S.  1866,  p.  646 ;  Beacan,  Ibi 
p^  322  (Moulmein) ;  Salmd.  Ibi*,  1871,  p.  248 ;  id.  Alt.  K 
Tor.  ix.  p.  631 ;  uJ:  Ucc.  d.  Borneo,  p.  236;  Sharpe,  Ibit 
2G2  (Borneo) ;  Nklu>l»m,  Ibit,  I8S3,  p.  88  (Borneo). 

iburis  ovauii|)lerft,  Cub.  et  Hem.  Mios.  lleia.\i.  p.  4. 


cl; 


2.  prrri,  421 

under  wing-coverts  black ;  hill  blaok ;   feet  brown :  whole  length 
V'3  inches,  wing  4-6,  tail  1-5,  tarsus  1-5.     Female  aimilRr. 

Bab.    Burmab,   Siam,   Southern  China,   Kalay  peninsula,   and 
Borneo. 


a.  Ad.  Ek. 

ThaTetmjo,  Peffu. 
TbaVetmyo   (Wardlme 
JiamJiay). 

Hume  CoU. 

b.  d  ad.  ak. 

Tweeddale  ColL 

e.  Ad.  6k. 

Thayetmyo. 

Tweeddale  Coll. 

d-j?.  tf  ad.  i  A.  £ 

Tcmghoo,  Pegu  (Wardl. 
Ranuay). 

Tweeddale  Coll. 

id.sk. 

i,j.Ad,;ft,/.  Jr. 
ak. 

M.  Ad.  ak. 

Peg^. 

E.W.  Dates  [C.]. 

Hangoon  (J.  Arnittrong'). 

Hume  Coll. 

n,  a.  cf  $  ad>  sk. 

Rangoon  ( Ifardl.  Rami.). 

Tweeddale  OolL 

«.Jl.Bk. 

SiJween  r.  (Biawiii). 

Tweeddale  OoIL 

Vlrfad-ak. 

Hume  CoU. 

r^.d'A.iu- 

Hume  Coll. 

w.  S  »A.;x. 

Davi,o„). 

d  jr.  ak. 

,-rf.  dad.8fc. 

D'avmn). 

ICume  CoU. 

<■-/■.  (f  ad. ;  f- 

Shjmotee.TeDasaerim  (jr. 

Hume  Coll. 

f.  S  ad.  ak. 

IMviinn). 

*■-«".  (J  Rd.  ;/"- 

lluma  ColL 

P-.  2  ad.  4. 

iJumonJ. 

j"-p".  cf  ad. ;  w", 

Kaukaryit,  Tenasseiim  (J. 
Darliog). 

Hume  CoU. 

j".  2  ad.  Bk. 

y".  6  ltd. ;  z".  2 

Hume  CoU. 

ad. ;  a\  B  jr.  ak. 

[Bhij/ham). 

fi°-/.  rf  ad.; 
A'-A'.  S  ad.  ak. 

Koasuoin  (J.  Darling), 

Tlurae  CoU. 

P.  Ad.  «k. 

Penang(Cn«(w). 

India  Muieum. 

m'.  Ad.  ak. 

Pen  an  g. 

India  MuBeum        i 

n".  Ad.  ak. 

IVnang, 

Gould  CoU.             1 

o'.  2  ad.  8fc. 

Malacca  {Davison). 

Hume  CoU. 

p'.  Ad.  »k. 

Sianj. 

GouM  CoU. 

}-.  Ad.  8k. 

Cambodia. 

Purcba9ed. 

r*.  Ad.  Bk. 

T.ahuan, 

Tweeddale  ColL 

€>.  Ad.  ik. 

Labuan  {Loic). 

n.  B,  HlmrperP.l 
Sir  H.  Low  [C.]. 
Tweeddale  CoU. 

<*.  Ad.ak. 

«■.  Ad.  ak. 

Borneo. 

»•  »».  d?ad.ak. 
**.  Ad.  ak. 

Bbtulu,  Borneo  {Eceretl). 

Purchaaed. 

Borneo, 

Rajah  Brooke  [P.]. 

8.  Pitta  megarliTncliB. 

Pitta  m™rh^llcb^  Schl.  Voff.  Ned.  Ind.  p.  It,  pi.  4.  Sg.  3;  id. 
Mu»,  P..B.   Htta,  p.  9  (ISaS),  «t  p.  1«  (1874) ;  EUiot,  RU,  1870, 

p.  414,  pL  1 
Tiii.  p.  94 ; 

pi.  70. 

:u. ;  Hume  et  Dae.  Sir.  F.  vi.  p. 

242)  HuTTU,  Sir.  F. 

Oatet,  S.  Br.  Burm.  L  p.  416 

J  Ooald,  B.  Atia,  V. 

Brochviinie  n 

ii.  p.  475  J   Wold,  in 

Blyth,  B.  Burm.  p.  m. 

Sinular  to  P.  cyanoptera,  bnt  with  a  much  lai^r  bill. 
Ifab.  Tenasserim  and  Malay  peninsula. 


a.  Ad.ik. 
6.  cf  «d.;e.  $ 

jr.  ik. 
±  cfad.sk. 

e.  (f  ad.ak. 

/.   2  8d.8k. 

g.  (S  oA-ek. 

A,  £,  $  ad.  sk. 

jW:  Jad.;»i-J 

Bd.ak. 
«.  (^  ad.  ak. 
o,p,  (f  ad.  sk. 


Amfierat,    Tenasserim    ( W. 

Danuon). 
ShymooteB,  Taroy  (  W.  Davi- 

Uslewooa,  Tanasserim  {W. 

DavUon). 
Cboulai  Creek,  Meigul   (IT, 

Daviton). 
Wippitan,    Tenaaserim    ( W. 

Oaviitm). 
Tapraw,  Island  of  Tonkah  (J. 

inrffnj). 
KoaBoom  (.7,  Darlmff). 

KoBSoom  (J.  Darling). 
Johore,  Malay  Peninsula  (W. 

DnBuon). 


Hume  ColL 
Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 


9.  Pitta  angolenais. 

Pitta  angoleiiaifl,  PmU;  Jftme.  Diet.  iv.  p.  36Q  (1816) ;  id.  Ene. 

p.  685;  Sartl  Om.  Wttt-Afr.  p.  74;  Orm/,  Gen.  B.  i.  p 

Jk»  Mun,  /mm.  Om.  pi.  46;   SdUeg,  Mut.   P,-S.  Pitta, 

(1803),  Btp.  16  (1874);   Wallace,  Ibis,  1864,  p,  105;  Sharp 

1869,  p.  187  (Fantee) ;   Uuher,  this,  J874,  p.  50  (Gold  Coaa 
BrachruruB  angoleuaLs,  Bp.  Con^.  i.  p.  255;  td.  Conip.  Vol.  j 

p.  7  ;  Elliot,  Mon.  Pill-  pi.  t.  ;  id.  Iblt,  1870,  p.  414. 
Pitta  pulih,  FhiKr,  P.  Z  .S'.  1843,  p.   ItK);  A2&n  ^  TAomi. 

Exp.  iL  p.  485  j  Man.  ^  ScAL  Verk.  Zeol.  Pitta,  p.  16. 


10.  Ktta  bractyura. 

The  Short-toiled  Fje,  Edwardx,  Glean,  iii.  p.  242,  t  324. 

Corvus  bmchyurua,  Linn.  8.  N.  i.  p.  158 ;  ZatA.  Irtd.  Om.  L  p.  168 

(partiiuji  Zw«.  Tr.  iTOrn.  p.  304. 
Ktto  brachyurs,  Jtoi/le,  III.  Sot.  Himal.  pL  7.  %.  3;  On^,  Sk 

Ind.   ZaoL   ii.  pL  S5.  So.  2;  Jerdoa,   Madrtu  Jimni.  x.  p.  26 ; 

Kilaart,  Prodr.  Faua.  Zeyl.  p.   123;  Layard,  Ann.  N.  S.  ser.  2, 

lii.  p.  2tf0  (Ceylon) ;  Gray,   Qett.  B.  i.  p.  213  ;  Franklin,  P.  Z.  S. 

Ift30-31,  p.  117;  G»uld,   Cent.  Bim.  B.  pL  23;  Eifton,  P.  Z.  8, 

1839,   p.   104  (Mftlacctt) ;    Mm.   tt   &Mfg.    VerA.  titU,  p.   17 1 

mi-hw.  P.  Z.  S.  1«73^.  445  (Ceylon) ;  Ltffffe,  Ibi*,  1871,  p.  18 

(OeTion) ;  BaU,  Sir.  K  tU.  p.  213  (QodnTery). 
Citta  brachyura,  JVaffl.  .S^j(.  Av.  (Corvas). 
Coloburis  bmciyura,  Cab.  et  Hein,  Mu»,  Bein.  ii.  p.  4. 
Comis  brachyurua,  yai.  bEiigaJeiigis,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  p.  376. 
Rtta  boD^eaaia,  Vieia.  Eac.  Mfth.  p.  085;  Slepkmu,   Om.  Zool^ 

liii.  pt.  2,  p.  183  i  Bortf.tt  Moore,  Cat.  B.  Mm.  RI.  C.i.  p.184} 
H^o/Jace,  iiu,  1B64,  p.  IDS;  Jerdim,  B.  Ind.   i.  p.  BfSS;  id.  Bil,\ 

1872,  p.  133;  Oould,  B.  Afia,  t,  pi.  64;  id.  Man.   PiU.  pi.  i.; 

IMiyd,  Ihii,  1873,  p.  410  (Kftttiawar) ;  Sc/Je>/d,  Ma*.  P.-5.  Rtta, 

p.  15  (1874) ;  Grm,  Cat.  Mamm.  Birds  Nepaid,  p.  40  (1883) ; 

SW.P.2..S.1876,  ]>.  096. 
Bfachyurua  benpalensia,  Bn.  Consit.  i.  p.  254 :  id.  Coim.  Vol.  Aniaod. 

p.  7  i  Elliot,  Mo».  put  pi,  vi. 
PitW  braciiycerea,  J>ffgc,  Ihi*,  1375,  p.  290  (Ceylon). 
TurduB  triostegua,  Sp-irmm.  AIus.  Cai-lt.  pi.  Hi. 
Pitta  wiostegns,  Blt/th,  Cat.  B.  Mua.  A.  S.  B.  p.  157 

1868,  p.  489. 
Le  breve  de  Mnlacca,  Scmnernt,  Vmj.  ii.  p.  100. 
Turdus  malaccenaid,  Hcop.  Del.  Faun.  *  Flar.  7ns. 
Pitta  mRlaocensiB,  ScMei/.  Mug,  P.-B.  Pitta,  p.  12. 
Oitta  abdorainalis,  Wagt.  Si/tt.  Ac.  Corvus,  sp.  obsc.  15.  , 

Citta  Buperciliaris,  Waal.  Si/st.  An.  Corvua,  gp.  obsc.  17. 
Turdiw  corooatLia.  P.  Z.  S.  Miill.  Natto-i.,  Suppl.  p.  144  (P). 
PiVUt  cQioaaXu,  Hume,  Neeti  if  Eggs  Ind.   B.  p  224;  Bidl,  Str.  P. 

ii.  p.  400  (Cbotft  Nagp"'!,  et  t.  p.  410  (Oentr,  Ind.);  Btdler 

Sr  Hume.  Str.  F.  iii.  p.  4"0  (Mt.  Aboo) ;  Fairbank,  Str.  F.   it. 

p.  2.57  (KhBudalft).:  Ztff^ie,  B.  aylon,  p.  687. 
Bnuhjurua  coronatiis,  Elliot,  Iba,  1870,  p.  414. 

Above  green  ;  vertical  band  black,  bordered  on  each  s\Ao  by  ik 
broad  Htripe  of  palo  yellowish  brown  ;  narrow  saporciliariea  buiiy 
white,  produced  on  the  nape  into  pale  bluish  lateral  tufts  ;  aidee  of 
head  black :  wings  black,  with  a  broad  white  basal  band,  and  with 
broad  white  tips  to  the  remiges ;  lesser  wing-covcrta  and  ramp 
bright  light  blue ;  greater  wing-coverts  greeu  like  the  back  ! 
beneath  deep  faivD-coIour ;  throat  white  ;  middle  of  belly  and 
crisatini  scarlet  j  nnder  wing-coverts  black,  with  i\  white  patch ; 
under  surfuce  of  wings  black,  with  a  broad  white  basal  band  ;  bill 
blockish,  with  a  light  oulmen ;  feet  yellowish  :  whole  length 
7'tTiches,  wing  4,  tail  1*6,     Fenuth  similar. 

ilah.  Indian  peninsula,  Ceylon,  Assam,  Airacan,  and  Tenaaserim. 


;  Adam»,P.Z.S.^ 


i.p.95. 


Od.  Bk. 

d.  9  ad-Bk. 

e.  Ad.Hk 
/.a.  (J ad. sk, 
A,  •'.  Ad.  8k. 


$     Anadra,  Mt.  Aboo. 


J- 


Ld.sk. 


;.  (}  ad.  ak. 

ffl.  £  ad.Bk. 
n.  cf  ad.  sk. 
o.  $  ad.  Bk. 
p.  iS  »d.ak. 
q,  r.  Ad.  aL 
>.  Ad.  ak. 
f .   <^  ad.  ;   N-x. 
Ad.;y,z.  Ji.sk. 
a',  (f  ad.  sk. 
6'.  Jr.  ak. 
e*.  Ad.  at 

(f.  <;  ad.  ak. 
«'.  $  ad.  ek. 
/.  d  ad.  ak. 
ff",  A'.  AcL  sk. 
»'.  Ad.  sk. 
}'-&.  g»d.;r'-iif. 

$ad.  ak. 

y.  $  ad.  ak. 

y*.  (J  ad.  Bk. 

c*.  cf  ad.  ak. 

■.  cfad.     -     - 


Lower  Hills,  Sikkim  (L,  Man- 

tUH). 
Godaveiy  Valley  (  W.  T.  Blan- 

ford). 
OodaveiT  Valley, 
Ungull,  OrisaH. 

^unWpnr. 

Midlgbat  foreots,  Berar. 


Hume  CoU. 

Hume  Coll. 
Pinwill  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 
B.  H.  HodgaoD,  Ei 

[P.l. 

Oouid  Coll. 

Hume  Coll. 


Rupur. 

Seoni  district 

Dhulia,  Ehandeuh  (J.  David- 

Ahmeduugger  (Fai'rbank). 

Mababoleanwar  (Fairbtmk), 

EhandalaJfouidnA). 

Calicut  (Sarrit). 

Calicut. 

fielgaiim  (R  A.  ButUr). 

Se^Ki(ir.Dfliwn). 
Oo^camund  (  W.  Daviton). 
Coouoor,  Nilfrherries. 

Cioodiilore,  Wjnaad. 


Hume  Coll. 

W.  T.  BUnford  [C 
Hume  Coll. 
W.  Davison  [C.]. 
Hume  CoU. 
India  Museum. 
Hume  ColL 
Hume  Coll. 

Gould  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 
Hume  CoU. 

Swiuhoe  CoU. 
Swinlioe  Colt. 
Swiahoe  Coll. 
Swinhoe  Coll, 
Hume  ColL 
Hume  Coll. 

Hume  CoU. 
Hume  ColL 
W,  Davison  [C.]. 
Hiiuio  Coll. 


2.  riTTA.  425 

z"-€*.  Ad.  Bk.  CeTlon  (8.  Chapman).  Tweeddale  ColL 

d*-^.  Ad.  sk.  Ceylon  (NevOle).  Tweeddale  ColL 

h*-f.  Ad.  ak.  IncUa.  Gould  ColL 

ifc*.  Ad.Bk.  India.  India  Moaeum. 

P.  Ad.  St.  India.  Poxchased. 

11.  Pitta  nympha. 

Pitta  nympha,  Temm.  et  Schleg,  Faun,  Jap.^  Aves,  Suppl.  t.  A ;  Wal^ 

lace,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  105 ;  Swinhoe,  P.  Z.  S,  1873,  p.  790. 
Brachyurus  nympna,  Bp,  Consp.  i.  p.  2o4 ;  id.  Consp,  Vol.  ArUaod. 

p.  7 ;  mHot,  Mon.  PUt  pi.  viii. ;  id.  Ibis,  1870,  p.  416. 
Pitta  oreas,  Stvinh,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  428  (Fonnoi«) ;  id,  P,  Z.  S,  1866, 

p.  678, 1871,  p.  376 ;  JElUot,  Ibis,  1870,  p.  408;  Oould,  B,  Asia, 

V.  pi.  66 ;  David  et  Oust,  Ois,  d.  Chine,  p.  163. 
Bracnyurus  oreas,  EQiot,  Ibis,  1870,  p.  41o,  pi.  xiii.  fig.  1. 

Above  dark  green ;  crown  brown,  with  a  narrow  black  mesial 
stripe,  and  black  sides  of  the  head,  which  unite  in  the  black  nape ; 
broad  superciliaries  pale  yellowish  fawn-colour,  continued  on  to  the 
nape;  lesser  wing-coverts  and  rump  bright  light  blue;  remiges 
black,  with  a  broad  white  transvei-se  band ;  larger  coverts  and 
secondaries  green  like  the  back :  beneath  pale  greenish  buff ;  throat 
white ;  middle  of  abdomen  and  crissum  scarlet ;  tail  black,  with  a 
blue  tip ;  bill  black ;  feet  pale  :  whole  length  6*5  inches,  wing  4*7, 
tan  1-6. 

Hab.  Tsusima  Island,  Gulf  of  Corea,  N.  China,  and  Formosa. 

Pitta  nympha  was  based  by  Temm.  &  Schlegel  upon  a  Japanese 
drawing.  Swinhoe  obtained  a  single  specimen  as  a  cage  bird  at 
Chefoo,  and  many  specimens  have  lately  been  procured  by  Mr. 
Jony  in  Tsusima  Island  in  the  Straits  of  Corea,  from  one  of  which, 
kindly  lent  to  me  by  Mr.  Jouy,  the  accompanying  description  has 
been  taken. 

I  cannot  separate  P.  oreas  of  Formosa  from  P,  nympha.  The 
species  is  at  once  recognizable  amongst  its  congeners  by  the  very 
pale  fawn-colour,  with  a  greenish  tinge,  of  the  body  below. 

a,  (S  ad.  sk.        Chefoo,  China  (Swinhoe),        IT.  Seebohm,  Esq.  [P.]. 
h.  Ad.  sk.  Formosa  (SwiiOwe),  H.  Seehohiii,  Esq.    (lyp^^ 

of  P.  oreas,) 

12.  Pitta  bertffi. 

Pitta  bertsD,  Salmd,  Att  Ac,  Sc.  Tor.  iii.  p.  627  (1868) ;  id.  Ihii, 
1871,  p.  248;  id,  Ucc.  Bom,  p.  237,  pL  in.;  EUiot,  Ibi$,  1870, 
p.  40O ;  Cfray,  Hand-l,  iii.  p.  192. 

Pitta  oreas,  Sharpe,  Ibis,  1879,  p.  263  (Borneo). 

Similar  to  P.  nympTia,  but  with  the  chin  blackish,  and  the  aidw 
of  the  crown  of  a  deeper  colour. 

ffab.  Northern  Borneo. 

Mr.  Sharpe  has  nnited  P.  herim  to  P.  <hreasot  Fonnosa.  I  cannot 
separate  the  latter  from  P.  nympha^  and  P.  hertm  oomee  oertainly 


very  close ;  bnt  I  sbonld  like  to  see  a  better  series  from  Borneo  befo 
I- join  together  two  species  from  sach  different  localities. 

a..  Ad.  sk.  N.W.  Borneo.  Sir  H.  Low  [C 

13.  Ktta  Tigorai. 

Pitta  brachyurft,  Vig.  et  Hwif.  Tiana.  Linn.  Soc.  sv.  p.  218  (1830 
Me!,tr,  Sitx.  Itit  1884,  p.  43  (Dammar). 

Ktta  vifforei,  Ootdd,  B.  Aualr.  iv.  pi.  2 ;  id.  Intr.  B.  Aiutr.  p.  5 
id.  Handb.  B.  Awtr.  ii,  p.  527  ;  Gray,  Om.  B.  i.  p.  21:1 ;  JWuff. 
Schl.  Verh.  Pitta,  p.  17  ;  Wtdlace,  P.  Z.  S.  18<12,  p.  188;  id.  a 
1864,  pp.  104, 108 ;  ScAieg.  Vog.  Ned.  Ind.  Pitta,  p.  14,  pi.  3.  fig. 
id.  Miu.  P.-B.  Pitta,  p.  11  (186.3),  etp.  15  (1874) ;  JWeye/-,  Zeit»cl 
get.  Om.  1884,  p.  210  (Timor-laut) ;  Saliiad.  Ann.  Mat.  C 
Genoa,  xvi.  p.  186;  id.  Orn.  Pap.  ii.  p.  392;  id.  P.Z.S.  18( 
p.  579('nmor-laut). 

Brachjurua  vigorsi,  Bp.  Qmtp.  i.  p.  255;  id.  Coaap.  Vol.  Anitt 
p.  7  ;  Miot,  Mon.  Pl'tt.  pi.  vii.;  ,d.  Ibis,  1870,  p.  415. 

C<Mobiiiis  Tigorsi,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mtu.  Sein.  ii.  p.  4. 

Abore  dark  green  ;  crown,  sides  of  head,  and  nape  black,  travers 
by  two  long  superciliary  stripes  from  the  front  to  nape,  which  a 
pale  fawn-colour  tinged  witfa  bluish ;  remigea  black,  with  a  bro 
white  cross-band ;  larger  coverts  and  secondaries  green,  like  t 
hack ;  lesser  wing-oovertB  and  mmp  bright  light  blue :  bcnea 
deep  ochraceous,  throat  whitish ;  centre  of  abdomen  and  crisai 
scarlet,  darker  snd  mixed  with  black  on  the  abdometi ;  tail  blat 
tipped  with  blue  ;  bill  black  ;  feet  pale  :  whole  length  6-7  inobi 
wing  4-4,  tail  1-7. 

ffab.  Banda  Islands,  and  Timor-laut. 

A  very  distinct  species,  easily  known  by  its  black  crown  and  de 
ochraceous  colour  below. 


2.  FiTiA.  427 

Uack  in  the  centre  of  the  abdomen ;  under  wing-GOTerts  Uaek ; 
bill  blaok ;  feet  pale  brown :  whole  length  6*3  inohes,  wing  4, 
tail  1-4.    Female  similar. 

ffab.  Lombock  and  Flores. 

The  broad  brown  superciliary  stripe  from  the  front  to  the  eye, 
where  it  passes  into  very  pale  shming  blue,  diBtinguishes  tnis 
species. 

a.  c^  ad. ;  Lombock.  A.  R.  Wallace  [G.]. 

b.  Ad.  sk. 

c,  d.  Ad.  ek.  Lombock  (  Wallace).  Gould  ColL 

e.  2  ad.  sk.  Lombock  ?  Wallace),  Tweeddale  Coll. 

/.  Ad.  St.  Lombock  ( Wallace),  Purchased. 

y.  Jr.  sk.  Flores.  Purchased. 

15.  Pitta  irena. 

Le  Merle  vert  des  Moluques,  Briss.  Orn.  ii.  p.  310. 

Merle  de  Bengale,  Bauh.  B.  JE?il.  258  (?). 

Turdus  coronatus,  3fuU.  Nature. ^  Suppl.  p.  144  (?) 

Merula  (Corvus)  brjvchvurua,  Jh/dd.  Table  d,  PL  Erd,  p.  10  (?). 

Pitta  coronata,  Gray,  lland-l.  i.  p.  21)4. 

Breve  Irene,  Temm.  PL  Col.  501  (18:%). 

Pittairena,  Temm.  Hid. ;  id.  Tahl.  MHh,  p.  10  (1838)  ;  Mlill  Verh, 
Ethn,  p.  172 ;  Miill  ($•  Schl.  Verh.  ZooL  Pitta,  pp.  12,  17;  Gray, 
Gen.  B,  i.  p.  213  ;  WaUacey  Ibis,  1801,  p.  350,  et  1804,  p.  100 ;  id 
P,  Z.  S,  1803,  p.  48*5  (Timor)  ;  Salvad.  Ann,  Mus.  Civ,  Genoa,  xvi 
p.  ia5;  id.  Orn.  Pap.  ii.  p.  390. 

Pitta  elegans,  Temm.  PI.  Col.  text  to  pi.  591. 

Brachvurus  irena,  Bp.  Comp,  i.  p.  254 ;  id.  Co7isp,  Vol.  Anisod,  p.  7 
Elliot,  Mon.  Pitta,  pi.  xi.  ;  id.  Ibis,  1870,  p.  410. 

Pitta  brachyura,  Gray,  Gen.  B.  p.  213  ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1800,  p.  351 
Schley.  N'ed.  Tijdschr.  iii.  p.  189 ;  id.  Voy.  Ned.  Ind.  Pitta,  p.  13j 
pi.  3.  ligs.  2,  3;  id,  Mus.  P.-B.  Pitta,  p.  11  (1803),  et  p.  14  (1874) 

Above  dark  green  ;  crown,  sides  of  the  head,  and  nape  black 
Superciliaries  from  front  to  nape  rather  narrow,  of  equal  width 
throughout,  pale  yellowish  ;  remiges  black,  with  a  white  speculum  ; 
secondaries  and  greater  coverts  green,  like  the  back  ;  lesser  coverts 
and.  rump  bright  blue;  tail  black,  tipped  with  green:  beneath 
fawn-colour ;  throat  black,  projected  in  the  centre  on  the  neck ; 
centre  of  belly  and  crissum  scarlet,  darker  and  mixed  with  black  in 
the  middle  of  the  abdomen  ;  under  wing-coverts  black  ;  bill  black ; 
feet  pale  brown :  whole  length  0*5  inches,  wing  4*3,  tail  1*5. 

Hah.  Timor. 

The  narrow,  uniformly  coloured,  light  yellow  superciliaries  are  tiie 
principal  distinctions  between  this  species  and  P.  concinna, 

«.  Ad.  sk.  Timor  (v.  Lansbery),  Leyden  Mas.  [R]i 

16.  Pitta  craBsiroBtris. 

Pitta  crassirostris,  Wallace,  P.Z.8.  1862,  pp.  188,  888;  id. 

1864,  p.  106. 
Brachyurus  crassiroetris,  EUiat.  Mon.  Pitt.,  Intr.  p.  16. 
•  Pitta  magnirostiu,  ScAleg,  Ned,  Iljdeekr,  m.  p.  lo8. 


Similar  to  P.  irena,  but  rather  larger,  and  distinguished  by  i 
thicker  and  more  compressed  bill :  whole  length  7'4  incbes,  wii 
4-6,  tail  1-7. 

Bab.  Sola  Islands. 

a,  t.  $  ad.  ak.  Sola  Isbuids.  A.  E.  Wallace  [C. 

(Tyfe  of  the  speciei 
e.  Ad.  sk.  Sula  Islands  ( fToUoM).  Oould  Coll. 

d.  Ad.  ^.  Sula  lalanda.  Oould  CoU. 

17.  Pitta  Btrepitani. 

Pitta  strepitanB,  Temm.  PI.  Cat.  333  (1825);  MiiU.  ^  &hi.  Va 
2boi.  FittB.p.  16 ;  ie«.  re.  JOra.  p.  395;  Jard.  et  SeVn/,  10.  Oi 
i.  pi.  77 ;  Bli/th,  Cat.  B.  Mus.  A.  S.  p.  166 ;  Oray  et  Mitch.  (?, 
B,  \.  p.  213;  Gauld,  B.  Aattral.  iv.  pi.  i. ;  id.  Handb.  B.  AuttraL 
p.  430 ;  Oray,  P.  Z.  S.  18.58,  p.  191 ;  id.  Cat.  B.  AViP  Guinea,  p.  6 
Schleg.  Miu.  P.-B.  Pitta,  p.  10  (1803),  et  p.  13  (1874) ;  W<aw 
Ibit,  1884,  p.  106;  Kiy-k,  P.  Z.  &  1867,  p.  319:  Banuay,  lb 
1807,  p.  416. 

Htta  Tersicolor,  Sui.  Zool.  Joum.  i.  p.  468. 

BracfayuruB  strepitans,  Bp.  Contp,  i.  p.  254 ;  id.  Consp.  Vol.  Aniti 
p.  7;  BUiot,Mon.  Pitt.  pi.  ii. ;  id.  Ibi>,  1870.  p.  416. 

Coloburia  strepitana,  Coi.  et  Sein.  Mua,  Mein.  ii.  p.  3. 

PitU  eimillima,  Ooidd,  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  76 ;  Gray,  Sand-l.  i.  p.  2E) 
&Aleg.  Mia.  P.-B.  Pitta,  p.  13  (1874);  Maita-i,  Pr.  Ltm.  S 
N.  &  IF.  i.  p.  54 ;  Jtamtay,  Pr.  Linn.  Sue.  X.  S.  W.  ii.  p.  187  j  d'A 
ef.  Saiead.  Ann.  Mu».  CSb.  Gmov.  xir.  p.  83  (Fly  River,  Ni 
Guinea) ;  Satead.  Amu  Mat.  Civ.  Qenov.  xvi.  p.  184 ;  id.  Om.  Pi 
ii.  p.  389. 

Pitta  kreffu.  Sedtiad.  Alt.  Sac.  It.  xii.  p.  551 ;  id.  Ibis,  1870.  p.  291 

Pitta  Btrepitans,  var.  simillima,  Eamnay,  P.  Z.  S.  1875,  p.  591. 

I^tta  assimilis,  d'Alb.  Ann,  Mtu.  Civ.  Oenon.  x.  p.  13 ;  id.  Ibit,  18' 
p.  868  (Torres  Straits). 


d.  Ad,  ak,  Moreton  Brj  (Stram/e).  Goidd  Coll. 

c.  Ad.  sL  Cape  York.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

/-*.  Ad.  i  I.  Auetmlia.  Salvin-Godman  Coll. 

Jr.  sk. 

m.  Ad,  sk,  Aurtralia.  Capt.  Stnnlpy  [P.l 

n-p.  Ad.  Bk.  North  Aiutrmlia.  SalviD-GodiiiaD  CuU, 

b,  Subsp.  simillima. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Cape  York.  GaiUd  Coll.      (Typo 

of  P.  timiUima.) 

b,  c.  Ad. ;  d.     Cape  York.  Gould  CoU. 
Jr.sk, 

e,f.  Ad.  ek.  Port  Albanv.  Purchased, 

g.  Ad.sk.  West  ManJ,  Torres  StraiU.  Vov.  H.M.S. 'Alert.' 

k.  Jr.  nk.  Somerset,  Cape  Y'ork  (Qtckertil).  Salvin-Godiiifm  Coll. 

1,  Jr.  sk,  Somerst^t,  Cape  York.  Twecddole  Coll. 

/.  Whole  abdomen  scarlet ;  bright  snporciliary  etripe  pale  blue : 
sexes  similar.     {PhtetticoeuAla.) 

Key  to  the  Stcllon. 

A.  Without  H  blue  breast-bftnd, 

a.  Crown  brown  or  black. 

I  Hack  brown 18,  rmuata,  p.  429. 

I  Hack  purplish  black    10.  unshcri,  p.  430, 

b.  CroBTi  M-arlet. 

fnliirk  front  broad    30.  yronnftno,- p.  430, 

Blark  fixmt  narrow I'l.  ccCTn™,  p.  431. 

B.  With  a  blue  btCBSt-baod 23.  arcuata,  p.  431. 

IS,  Pitta  venosta. 

Pitta  Tanusta,  MM.  Tijdfrhi:  r.  Kat.  Gn.  ii.  p.  348,  pi.  9,  ta.  4 
(leSB)  i  TVmBi.  Pi.  Coi.  fiOO  (1830) ;  Mall.  ^  SchUg.  Tirh.  ZooL 
Pitta,  pp.  H,  15 ;  Graj/,  Gm.  h.  i.  p.  213 ;  &A/pj.  Vog.  2itd.  Ind. 
Kttft,  pp.  21.36,  pi.  T,  fipa.  4,5;  id.  Mus.  P.-B.  Pitta,  p.  18 
(1803)  et  p.  17(18(4):  Waltace,  2K«,  1804,p.  107;  Saltai,  Uee. 
Someo,  p.  1*41  ;  Xic/iobon,  JbU,  ISttJ,  p.  264  (Sumatra). 

Brai^hjurus  venustup,  Bp.  Ciijtep.  i.  p.  aijo ;  £!liut,  Mon.  Pitt.  pi.  iIt,  : 

id.  hi»,  1870,  p.  4ia 

Eiythropitta  venusta,  Bp.  Citup.  Vol.  Aniiod.  p.  7. 

AboTe  brown  ;  head  rather  darker,  with  a.  narrow  superciliaiy 
stripe  of  pule  blue  behind  the  eje ;  wings  and  tail  brown,  greater 
wing-coverts  slighlly  edged  with  blue:  beneath,  throat  and  breast 
brown  like  the  back  ;  abdomen  dull  scarlet :  bill  black  :  fett  dark 
brown  :  whole  length  6-5  inches,  wing  3-5,  tail  2, 

Hab.  Sumatra  and  Borneo. 

a.  Ad.  St.  Java('-').  Purchased. 


I 


I 


19.  Pitta  nsslieri 
Pitta  nsaheri,  fiSorp-,  P.  Z.  S.  1877,  p.  04,  et  1881,  p.  708  (Bornec 
id.    Ibit,  1879,  p.  303   (Borneo)  ;     Nicholson,   Ibit,   1883,  p. 
(Borneo);  Oould,  S.  Ana,  v.  pi.  76. 

Above  browniah  black  glossed  with  pnq)Ie ;  head  bltfck  :  nam 
post-snperciliary  Btripe  pale  blue ;  wings  black ;  wtng-covcrts  broad 
edged  with  bine ;  beneath,  throat  and  breast  brownish  black  wi 
purple  wash  ;  abdomen  doll  scarlet ;  bill  black  ;  feet  brown  :  wh( 
length  5'5  inches,  wing  3'5,  tail  1-5. 

Uab.  Borneo. 

Nearest  to  P.  venvtta,  but  diBtinguished  by  its  darker  back  ai 
throat  and  the  broad  blue  wing-edgings. 
o.  Ad.sk.  Lawaa  r.,  Borneo  ( t^wAer).      FuTcba«ed.    (Type 


b.  Ad. ;  e.  Pull  sk.    Borneo. 


the 


Oould  ColL 


JS.) 


20.  Pitta  granatiua. 

Ktta  granatina.  Tenon.  Pf,  Col  606  (1830) ;  Lfu.  Tr.  iOm.  p.  30 
Mm.  4"  ScU.  Yah.  Zooi.  Pjlta,  pp._10,   16,  20;  Schlrff.  Han 


Dierk.  i,  p.  263 ;  id.  Vog.  Ned.  Ltd.   Pitta,  pp.  20,  35,  pi"  v,  fig, 

id.  Mm*.  P.-B.  Pitta,  p.  6  (IS63)  et  p.  D  (1874)  ;   Blyth,  Cat. 

Mu*.  A.  8.  p.  157 ;   id.  J.  A.  S.  B.  ivi.  p.  163 ;  Gray,  Gen.  B. 

p.  213 ;  Hor^.  et  Moore,  Cat.  B.  Mwi.  E.l.  C.  i.  p.  184 ;   WaOa 

Ibii,  1864,  p.  107  (part.);   Saltad,  Vce.  Bom.  p.  242;  Gould, 

Atia,  V.  pL  67. 
BiacbyuTua  grsnatinuB,  Bp.    Cim»p.   i.  p.   256 ;  Elliot,  Man.  Pi 

pi.  IT.;  id.  Ibii,  1870,p.  417  ;  Sftniw,  Ibit,  1877,  p.  10  (Borne. 
Errthropitta  granntina,  Bp.  Conip.  Vol.  Animd.  p.  7:    H'alden,  11 

1873,  p.  374. 
Ph(BnicocichlB  granatina.  Cab.  et  Hnin.  Mut.  Hein.  ii.  p.  6 ;  Gri 

Hmd-l.  i.  p.  296. 


2.  PiTXiL.  431 

.     .  21.  Fitte  eocdnefti 

Pitta  coecinea,  Eyton^P.  Z.  8. 18S9,  p.  104;  BMk,  J.  A.  8.  B.  ziL 

p.  961 ;  Hume  et  I)av.  8tr.  F.  yi.  p.  611;   Humey  8tr.  F.  yiii. 

p.  04 ;  Oates,  B.  Br.  Burm.  i.  419;  GmUdy  B.  Asia,  v.  pi.  68. 
Pitta  ff ranatina,  Moore,  P.  Z.  8, 1854,  p.  274 ;  Moore  et  Uaref.  Cajt, 

B,  Mu»,  EJ.  a  i.  p.  184 ;  Keiham,  Ibie,  1881,  p.  609  (Malacca) ; 

8harpe,  P.  Z.  &  1887,  p.  432  (Perak). 

Similar  to  P,  granatina,  bat  with  only  a  narrow  black  front. 
■  Hab,  Malay  Peninsula  and  Tenasserim. 

a.  c^  ad.  sk.      Klang^,  Salangore  (  W,  Davison).        Hume  Ooll. 

b.  iS  ad.  sk.       Malacca.  A.  R.  Wallace  [C.]. 
c-h.  Ad.  sk.      Malacca.  Hume  Coll. 

ijj.  Ad.  sk.       Malacca  {Maingay).  Swinhoe  Coll. 

A,  /.  Ad.  sk.      Malacca.  Gould  Coll. 

fii,  n.  Ad.  sk.    Malacca  (Cantor).  India  Mus. 

o.  Pull.  sk.        Malacca.  P.  L.  Sclater  [P.]. 

Pf  q.  Ad.  sk.      Singapore.  Hume  Coll. 

r.  S  ad.  sk.       Ml.    Ophir,    Malacca  ( Wardiaw    Swinhoe  Coll. 

Bamsw/), 

8.  cJ  ad.  sk.       Larut  Hills,  Perak.  L.  Wray  fC.]. 
t-v.    S    ad. ;    Johore,  Malay  Peninsula  (  W,  Dam-    Hume  Coll. 
OMS.  $  ad.  sk.      son). 

22.  Pitta  arcnata. 

Pitta  (Phoenicocichla)  arquata,  Gouid^  Ann.  N.  H.  ser.  4,  vii.  p.  340 

(1871). 
Phoenicociclila  arquata,   Gray,  Iland'L   iii.  p.  344 ;    Goidd,  Men. 

Pitt.  pi.  9. 
Pitta  arquata,  Govld,  B.  Asia,  v.  pi.  (50. 
Pitta  arcuata,  Salvad.  Ucc.  Born.  p.  241 ;  Shorpe,  Ibis,  1879,  p.  263 

(Borneo) ;  Everett,  P.  Z.  S.  1887,  p.  503  (Kinabulu). 

Above  dull  green ;  whole  crown  and  nape  and  neck  above  dull 
scarlet ;  post-superciliary  stripe  briglit  blue ;  lores  and  sides  of 
head  reddish  brown;  wings  dull  black,  secondaries  edged  with 
bluish  grey,  great<fr  coverts  tipped  with  blue ;  tail  blackish,  edged 
with  blue :  beneath,  throat  reddish  brown,  passing  into  dull  scarlet 
on  the  neck,  below  which  is  a  brigbt  blue  pectoral  band ;  abdomen 
scarlet ;  bill  blackish  ;  feet  brown :  whole  length  G  inches,  wing 
3-3,  tail  1-5. 

Hab.  Borneo. 

The  bright  blue  pectoral  band  formed  by  pointed  tips  to  blaokiah 
feathers  renders  this  species  easily  distinguishable. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Borneo.  Gould  ColL    (TVpe 

of  the  species.)  ' 
6.  cJ  ad.  sk.  Sarawak.  Swinhoe  ColL 


g.  Whole  abdomen  scarlet,  breast-band  blue;  head  brovnisti 
no  bright  Buperciliary  stripe.     {Erythropitta.) 

Key  to  ike  Section  * 

A.  With  a  alight,  if  any,  black  lower  uuugin 

hi  the  blue  pectoral  band. 

a.  Cap  uniform  reddish  brown;    no  red 

nuchal  patch. 

d'.  Throat-patch  black   23.  erythrogaara,  p. 

('.  Throat-patch  brown. 

I  Back  greeuieh 27.  ruficenint,  p.  43 

I  Back  bluish S8.  cyattonola,  p.  43i 

b.  Cap  with  a  blue  Tortical  stripe,  and  red 

nuchal  patch    29.  rubrinucha,  p.  4! 

B.  With  a  distinct  black  lower  margin  to 

the  blue  pectoral  band. 

fWith  a  distinct  blue  vertical  stripe  j 
throat  brownish 30.  edebmiii,  p.  436 
Vertical  stripe  absent  or  evaneecent ; 
throat  black 32.  mackleli,  p.  436. 


!3.  PitU  erythrogaBtra. 
I,  Temm.   Fl.   Ool.  212  (182 
I.  ^  Sehl.   Verh.  Zool.  Titta,  p,  IS ;  Blylh, 


Pitta  erythrogastra,  Temm.   JH.   Col.  212  (1823) ;  Le».  Tr. 

p.  394;  Mm.  ^  Sehl.   Verh.  Zool.  Titta,  p,  1"      ""    " 

Mui.  A.  S.  B.  p,  157  ;  Gray,  Om.  B.  i.  p.  213 ; 

Pitta,  p.  a  (1883)  et  p.  13  ( 

Wardl.  Samtau,  Ibit,  1884,  j 

Brachyums  erythnwaator,  Bp.   Cknup.  L  p.  266 ;  SISot,  Moi 

pl.XTi.;  id.IbU,mO,y.  417. 
Coloburis  eiythmpister,  Cab.  et  ffein,  Mut.  Seat.  n.  p.  6. 
Errthropitta  erytnroi^Mteii,  Bp.  Oanep,   Vol.  Ammd.  p.  7  ■,  V, 

'"-  -   !.Zool.__Soc.ix..  p_.lS7  ^  .'rf.P^g.&  1877.  ;i-54»,  1678^ 


2.  smk.  4ai3 

€,/,  S  $  ad.;  g.  $  jr.  Zamboanga,  Ttfiiwlanao  Tweeddale  OoIL 

ak.  (JSvereit), 

k.  Ad.Bk.  Baailaxi  (JBvereU).  Tweeddale  CoU, 

ijj.  Ad.  ;k,Jr.ak.  Manila,  Luzon.  Tweeddale  ColL 

L  Ad.  sk.  Philippmes.  J.  Gould,  Esq, 

m-o.  Ad.  sk.  Philippinee.  Gk)uld  Ooll. 

■ 

24.  Pitta  propinqna. 

Brachyurus  propinquus,  Sharpe,  Trans,  Linn,  8oc,  Ber.  2,  ZooL  i 

Similar  to  P.  erytJvrogastra^  but  back  and  scapulars  cobalt-bine 
with  a  greenish  band  across ;  throat  entirely  brownish  black, 
becoming  jet-black  on  the  foro-neck ;  chest  bright  blue,  sides  only 
greenish.     (Sharpe.) 

Hah.  Philippines,  Mindanao. 

Only  two  specimens  obtained  by  Prof.  Steere,  of  which  the  one  in 
the  Collection  is  immature. 

a.  (S  jr.  fik.  Dumalon,  Philippines.  Prof.  Steere  [C.].    (laical 

specimen.) 

25,  Pitta  csmleitorqnes. 

Pitta  caBnilitorques,  Salvad,  Ann,  Mus,  Civ,  Getiov,  ix.  p.  53  (1876)  j 
Rowley f  Om.  Misc,  ii.  p.  324,  pi.  Ixiv.  j  Gould,  i.  JV.  Gmn, 
pt.  vii.  pi.  4. 

Similar  to  P.  erythrogastra,  but  cap  of  a  uniform  red,  which 
colour  becomes  very  bright  on  the  neck ;  the  two  obscure  bands  on 
the  sides  of  the  cap  absent ;  the  sides  of  the  head  and  the  throat  of 
a  reddish  brown ;  the  blue  of  the  breast  more  extended  trans- 
versely, and  divided  from  the  red  of  the  abdomen  by  a  distinct 
black  band ;  the  dimensions  rather  larger. 

Hab,  Petta,  Sanghir  Islands. 

26.  Pitta  kochi 

Pitta  kochi,  BrVggem,  Abhandl.  nat,  Ver,  Bremen,  v.  p.  66,  pi.  iiL 
fig.  6 ;  Ousialet,  Bull.  Soc,  Phil,  s^r.  7,  vL  p.  266 ;  Oauld,  B.  Am, 
V.  pi.  71. 

Ery thropitta  kochi,  Ttveedd,  P,  Z,  S.  1878,  p.  430,  pi.  xxvi. 

This  species  was  based  on  a  specimen  in  the  Darmstadt  Museum^ 
of  which  Mr.  Gould  gives  the  subjoined  description : — 

^*  General  colour  above  dull  olive-brown,  with  somewhat  of  a 
ruddy  tint  on  the  sides  of  the  neck  and  mantle ;  wing-coverts  lilao- 
grey,  the  primary-coverts  and  quills  blackish  brown ;  the  piimaiies 
externally  greyish  towards  theb  ends ;  the  secondaries  and  inner 
greater  coverts  olive-brown,  washed  with  lilao-grey  on  the  outer 
webs ;  the  second,  third,  and  fourth  prinuuries  with  a  large  white 
spot  on  the  inner  web,  the  last-named  having  the  white  spot  on  the 

VOL.  XIV.  2  r 


484  tmnsx. 

ooter  web  u  irell ;  upper  tul-coverts  and  tail  Ulac-gre;,  the 
darker ;  forehead  and  crown,  as  well  aa  the  lores,  region  of  tl 
and  ear-coverta  dark  brown,  the  latter  slightly  abaded  with  a 
tinge ;  nape  and  hind  neok  dull  rod  ;  cheeke  ashy  brown,  ' 
bluiah  ahade  nnder  certain  lights,  fonning  a  very  broad  moufi 
throat  roddiah  in  the  centre,  brown  on  the  sides,  forming  a 
stripe  i  the  fore-neck  red  with  a  tinge  of  lilac  ;  chest  lilac-gr 
sides  olire-brown ;  remainder  of  under  eurface  of  body  scarl 
sides  olive-brown,  with  which  colour  the  centre  of  the  ah 
is  washed ;  nnder  tail-coverts  scarlet,  the  longer  ones  tippi 
edged  with  lilac-bine ;  thighs  ashy  groy  ;  under  wing-cover 
lilao-blue,  some  of  the  onter  ones  tipped  with  white ;  ax 
elive-brown,  like  the  back  ;  qnilla  ashy  brown  below,  relieved 
before-mentioned  white  spots  on  the  primaries.  Total  len^ 
inches,  culmen  1-2,  wing  4-7,  tail  2-2,  taraos  2-1," 

Sab.  Lnzon,  FbiliOTiiiieB. 

The  large  size  and  dark  brown  ear-oorerts  are  the  diatingv 
features  of  this  Pitta, 


27.  Pitta  TofiTentris. 

■Colohuris  rufiventria.  Cab.  et  Heine,  J.f.  0.  1869,  p.  406. 

Pitta  bomata,  G.  R.  Grm,  P.  Z.  S.  IMO,  p,  3S0. 

Brachyunis  rufiveutiis,  Elliot,  Man.  Pitt.  pi.  xii. ;  id.  Ibit 
p.  418. 

Pitta  mfivantria,  ScAIfg.  Fog.  Ned.  Ind.  Pitta,  pp,  17,  34;  i 
P.-B.  Pitt*,  p.  7  (1863),  et  p.  12  (1874);  id.  Ned.  Tad* 
p.  189;  Wallace,  Ibit,  1864,  pp.  105,  106;  Salvad.  Aim.  M 
Genov.  vii.  p.  777,  ivi.  p.  185 ;  id.  On.  Pap.  ii.  p.  401, 

Erythropitta  ruflventris,  Gray,  iland4.  i.  p.  296. 


Above  dnll  green,  ramp  bine ;  bead  reddish  brown  ;  wing-fi 


2.  msA.  485 

96,  Htte  cjfuuniotea 

Pitta  cjanooota,  O.  It.  Ghroy,  P.  Z.  S.  1860,  p.  861;  SdkUff.  Vog. 
Ned.  Ind.  Htta,pp.  18,  dfi;  id.  Mw.  P.-B.  Pitta,  p.  8  (ISbS),  et 
p.  13  (1874) ;  id.  Ned,  Tpdaehr.  iii.  p.  188,  ir.  p.  16;  wJUee,  Au, 
1864,  pp.  106, 186;  Oouid^  B.  New  Guinea,  pt  zL  pL  2;  Sakmd. 
Ann,  mv8.  Oh.  Genov,  xvi.  p.  186 ;  id,  Om.  Pap.  iL  p.  402. 

BrachynruB  cyanonotns,  EUiot,  Mm.  FiU.  pi.  zx. ;  tid:  IhiM.  1870| 
p.  418. 

Ei^rthropitta  cyanonota,  Oray,  Hand4.  i.  p.  296. 

Similar  to  P.  rufiventrisj  but  whole  back,  rump,  and  wing^ooyerts 
uniform  dull  blue. 

ffab.  Temate  and  Gueb^. 

The  occurrence  of  this  species  in  the  island  of  Gueb^  *,  on  the  far- 
ther side  of  Halmaheira,  as  well  as  in  Temate,  is  a  very  sing;ular 
fact  in  distribution,  if  authentic,  as  the  corresponding  species  in  the 
intervening  island  is  P.  rufiventris. 

a.  6  ad.  sk.  Temate.  A.  R  Wallace  [O.T 

(Type  of  the  speaes.) 
h.  Ad.  sk.  Temate.  Tweeddale  ColL 

c.  Jr.  sk.  Temate  (Meyer).  Tweeddale  ColL 

d.  Ad.  sk.  Celebes  (?).  Gould  Coll. 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Menado,  Celebes  (P).  Hume  Coll. 

29.  Pitta  mbrinncha. 

Pitta  mbrinucha,  Wall  P.  Z.  S.  1862,  p.  187,  et  1863,  p.  25 ;  id.  Ibit, 


p.  393. 
Brachyums  mbrinucha,  Elliot^  Mon.  Pitt.  pi.  xviii. ;  id.  Ibis,  1870, 

p.  418. 
E^thropitta  mbrinucha,  Gray,  Hand-l.  i.  p.  297. 

Above  dull  green  ;  wing-feathers  black,  with  a  white  speculum  on 
the  primaries ;  lesser  coverts  edged  with  bluish,  and  with  a  white 
spot  on  the  bend  of  the  wing ;  head  reddish  brown,  with  a  blue 
vertical  stripe  and  scarlet  patch  on  the  nape  ;  tail  bluish  :  beneath, 
throat  and  sides  of  head  brown,  passing  into  blackish  brown  on  the 
fore  neck  and  into  greyish  on  the  ear- coverts ;  breast-band  dear 
greyish  blue,  with  a  very  slight  blackish  inferior  margin  ;  abdomen 
scarlet ;  bill  horn-colour ;  feet  brown  :  whole  length  7  inches,  wing 
3-8,  taU  1-5. 

Hah.  Bourou. 

The  scarlet  nuchal  patch  at  once  diatiDguifibes  thia  species. 

a.  c^  ad. ;  6.  c^  jr. ;  e.  Bouiou.  A.  R.  Wallsee  [0.]. 

Jr.  sk.  (TtP^  of  the  •peoea,') 


«  Cf.  Sehligel,  Mot.  P.-B.,  Pitta  (1874),  p.  IS. 

2w2 


)0.  Pitta  edebeiuis. 

iferm.  Bijdr.  t.  4.  Dterk.  i.  p.  46,  PitK 
Oray,  Gaa.  S.  i.  p.  213;  WaUace,  IbU,  1860,  p.  142,  e 
p.  106 ;  ScJiUg.  Fog.  Ned.  Ind.  Ktta.  p.  17,  pi.  4.  fig.  4 ;  i 
P.'B.  Pitta,  p.  6  (1863),  et  p.  10  (1874);  Gould,  S.  Net 
pt  rii.  pi.  6;  Briii/g.  Abh,  not.  Ver.  Bremen,  v,  p.  64  (O 
ChaUemard,  P.  Z.  S.  1885,  p.  562  (Celebes) ;  Salead.  An 
Cie.  Oenov.  vii.  p.  663. 
Bnchjunie  celebenua,  Bp.    Corup,   i.   p.   265  ;  EUiot,  Ma 

pL  XTii. ;  id.  Ibis,  1870,  p.  418. 
ErrthrapitU  celebeneu,  Bp.  Coiup.  Vol.  Amtod,  p.  7 ;  Meyi 
1879,  p.  126. 

Above  dull  green ;  slight  cerrjcal  collar  and  rump  blue 
teddiah  brown,  with  a  blue  vertical  atripe ;  wing-feathers  blaci 
a  white  Bpeculnm  on  the  primarieB,  coverta  edged  with  blu 
black,  edged  with  blnieh :  beneath,  throat  brown,  pasaing 
black  Deok'patch ;  broad  pectoral  band  grej-ish  blue,  pasait 
green  at  the  sides  and  bordered  below  by  a.  chestnutr-bbck 
abdomen  scarlet ;  bill  horn-colour ;  feet  brown :  whole  lei 
inches,  wing  4,  taU  1-6.     Female  eimilar. 

Hab.  Celebes. 


a,  b.  J  $  ad.  ak. 

c.  Ad.  A.. 

if,  «.  cf  $  ad.  sk. 
/-A.  Ad.  sk. 

t:  (J  ad.Bk. 
j.  Ad.  at 


Henado,  N.  Celebes. 
Menado,  Celebea. 
Hacaasar,  Celebes. 
.Celebes. 
Celebes. 
S.W.  Celebes. 


Gould  Coll. 
Tweeddale  C 
Tweeddale  C 


31.  Pitta  pallic6^ 
PitU  palliceps,  BrOggem.  AMt.  not.  Ver.  Bremen,  i 


2.    PITTA. 


437 


BnchTurns  mackloti,  Bp.  Cotap.  i.  p.  255 ;   WeUaoe,  Ann.  JV.  IT. 
;  ser.  2,  IX.  p.  477 ;  Boeeab.  ffal.  Tiidichr.  tlv.  p.  232 :  id,  J.f.  O. 

1864,  p_.  no ;  miot,  Ibii,  1870,  p.  41rf. 
EtYtbropitte  mockloti,  Bp.  Con^.Vol.  Aniiod.  p.  7;  Cray,  3Stand-l. 

Brachjurua  (Emhropitta)  mackloti,  EUiof,  Mort,  Pitt.  pi.  21. 
Pitta  diggloai,  Srem,  Ih£>,  ISGlt,  p.  360. 

Pitta  atrenua,  Goidd,  MS. ;  EUiot,  IbU,  1H70,  p.   410  (New  QuiiiBa). 
Pitta  nov»-hiberniiB,  Sanuay,  Frot.  Lian.  Snr.  N.  S.  W.  iii.  p.  73 
[c/.  Saimd.  IbU,  1879,  p.  334], 

AtKive  dull  green ;  mmp,  upper  tail-covorta,  and  wing-covert 
blue  ;  wing-feathera  black,  with  a  large  white  apeculuiu  on  the  pri- 
maries ;  head  reddish  browTi,  with  an  obscure  patch  oa  the  vertex, 
vhich  sometimes  becomes  bluish  :  beneatK,  chin  brown,  psasiDg 
into  a  large  black  guttural  patch ;  broad  breast-band  grensh  blue, 
bordered  be!ow  by  a  wide  black  margin  :  abdomen  Bcarlot;  bill 
hom-oolour:  feet  brown  ;  whole  length  7  incbca,  wing  4,  tail  1'8. 
¥emedi  similar. 

Mah.  Waigiou,  Salwatti,  Mysol,  New  Gninca,  Aru  Islands, 
Cape  York,  and  New  Britain. 

This  form  is  closely  allied  to  P.  edehettsii,  but  there  are  only 
tracea  of  the  blue  vortical  stripe  in  ccrtiiin  individuals,  and  this 
ia  by  no  means  constant.  Curiously  enough  this  feature  is  moat 
apparent  in  spocimena  from  tlie  extreme  ends  of  the  range,  Jlysol 
and  New  Britain.  Besides  this  the  throat  is  much  bbicfcer  in  P. 
tnacirhli,  and  there  are  no  traces  of  the  blue  collar  at  the  back  of 
tho  neck. 


».  (J  ad,  sk. 

Mysol. 

Tweeddale  ColL 

i,  ft    Ad.  Bk. 

d.  d  ad,  sk. 

MvBOi. 

Wfligaioa,    Ulysoi    (Bem- 

Gould  Coll. 

Salvin-Godman  ColL 

rf^-n). 

«,/  ,?  5  ad.sk. 

Dorey,  New  Guinea. 

A.  H.  Wallace  [C.]. 

0.  Ad.  sk. 

Jt,  i.  Ad.  sk. 

New  Guinea, 

A.  It.  Wallace  [C.]. 

New  Guinea  (JTnWare). 

Gould  Coll. 

J.  Ad.  ak. 

New  Oaiaea  (?). 

Gonld  CoU. 

(En/thropitta  flratva,  Gould  MS.) 

k,l.e9  ad-  sk. 

Aru  Islnnds. 

A.  n,  Wailftce  [CI. 

Z  Jr.  sk. 

Cape  York. 

Tweeddak  ColL 

"Irtk'-''- 

Cape  York. 

Gould  ColL 

r.  Ad.  ck. 

Somerset,  Cape  York. 

Gould  Coll. 

«.  Ad-sk. 

Somerset,  Cape  York 
(Vnchfrell  |  Thorpe). 

Salrio-Qodman  CoU. 

(,  u.  Ad.  sk. 

N.  Australia. 

Salvin-Godman  ColL 

V.  Jr.  ek. 

East  Cape,  New  Guinea. 

K.  Hunstein  [CI. 
A.  Goldie  IC?}. 

«.    Ad.  Bk. 

Port   Moresby,  New 

Guinea. 
New  Britain  (Kltimchmidl). 

X.  Jr.  ak. 

y.  Ail.  ak. 

NewBriUin(J\wEA). 

Tweeddnle  ColL 

X.  Ad.  ak. 

New  Britain  (Brawn). 

Tweeddale  Coll. 

«-,  V.  Ad.  sk. 

Kalabadai,  New  Britain 

(BrtiuM). 

Sclater  Coll. 

c'.  Ad.  ek. 

Loc.  ign. 

Gould  CdL 

\*.  Bai^  bright  green,  with  a  rnmp-band  of  light  shining 
head  bUek  or  chesttint  surrounded  by  block  ;  orissum  hci 
aezes  Biaiilar.  (MeUmopitla.) 

Keg  to  0^e  Section. 

A.  Whole  head  and  throat  black. 

a.  Wing-end  white  with  a  black  tip. 

SnuJler 83.  atncapOla,  f. 

i  larger  34.  mueUeri,  p.  4£ 

j  Laigeit 36.  tanghirana,  p 

b.  Wmc  black,  with  ■  white  speculum : 

I  flanks  green   36.  novie-ffuinea), 

I  flanks  purple 38.  roteitbirgi,  p. 

«.  Wing  black ;  tail  gwen 39.  fonteni,  p.  4A 

B.  Head  and  nape  black ;  throat  white   40.  tleerii,  p.  442 

C.  Sidea  of  bead   and  throat  black ;   crown 

chestnut    41.  eueullata,  p.  4 

D.  Crown,  eidee  of  head,  and  throat  black  i  sides 

of  crown  chestaut    42.  trie,  p.  444. 

33.  Pitta  Atrioapilla. 
Uenda  vilidis  atricapilla  moluccenaia,  Srist.  On.  ii.  p.  319  ( 
Merle  dee  Philippines,  Daub.  K  Eni.  89  P 
Br^e  des  Pbilippines,  fujT.  Bui.  Ifat.  OU.  iiL  p.  412  (P). 
Tnrdus  aordidua,  P.  L.  8.  MuiUr,  Naturtya.  iSiqypl,  p.  148, 

(1776) ? 
Tnrdus  brevicauda,  Sodd.  Tabl.  d.  PL  Eal.  p.  6  (1783)  P 
CJorvuB  brachyurua.  Tar.  (3.  pbilippensis,  Gm,  S.  N.  i.  p.  375  ( 
Citts  melaoocepbala,  Wayl.  Sy»t.  Av.  Corvus,  no.  U  (1827). 
Pitta  atricapilla,  Leu.  Tr.  <tOm.  p.  394  (1831);  id.  Ci 
Bvffon,  p.  601  (1848) ;  Tonm.  Pi.  Obi.  Zbi.  MitA.  p.  16 
Gray,  Gen.  B.  l.  p.  214;  Goidd,  Ii.  Afia,  v.  pi.  70, 
Brachyurua  atricawUm     ""    " •    -    •'"■•^>-    ''"■' 


2.  nnA« 


439 


and  crissom  Boarlet;  under  wing-oorerte  bladk;  bill  bUok;  feet 
dark  brown:  whole  leng^th  6*5  inches,  wing  4*5,  tail  1*4.  FgmdU 
similar. 

Mab,  Philippines. 

The  amount  of  white  in  the  wing-end  Taries  much,  even  in 
individuuls  from  the  same  locality. 


a.  Ad.  8k. 

6.  cJ  ad.  sk. 
e,  2  ftd.  sk. 

d.  Ad.  sk. 

e.  Ad.  sk. 
/-m.  (^  ad. ;  n- 

?.  $  ad.  sL 
^     r.  sk. 
r-t.  Ad.  sk. 
ti.  Ad.  sk. 
V,  Ad.  St. 
w,  Jr.  St. 


Manila^  louon  (Ma&iand' 

Luzon  {Meyer\ 
NegTOs  (Meyer), 
BasUan. 

Zamboan^,  Mindanao. 
Zamboang^ay  Mindanao 

{Eoerett). 
Puerto  Princesa,  Palawan. 
Philippines. 
Philippines. 

Camiguin,  Philippine  Islands. 
Philippine  Islands  {Caminy), 


TweeddaleCdL 

Tweeddale  OoH 
Twoeddale  OolL 
Prof.  Steere  [0.]. 
A.  Everett  [C.]. 
Tweeddale  ColL 

Prof.  Steere  [0.1 
Gould  CoU. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 


34.  Pitta  muelleri. 

Pitta  atricapiUa,  MiiU.  4r  Schl  Verh.  Zool  Pitta,  pp.  8,  19 ;  MM. 
Verh.  Ethn.  p.  405 ;  Horsf.  et  Moore,  Cat.  B.  Mus,  E.L  Co. 
i.  p.  399 ;  ScM,  Handl,  Dierk.  i.  p.  254;  id.  Vog.  Ned,  Ind,  Pitta, 
p.  6,  pi.  ii.  figs.  2,  3;  u^.  Mm.  P.-B.  Pitta,  p.  3  (1863),  et  p.  6 
(1874) ;  Pe/2.  Nomra-Reise,  Vdg.  pp.  70,  161 ;  Gotdd,  B.  Ana, 
V.  pi.  76. 

Brochyurus  muelleri,  Bp.  Comp.  i.  p.  250 ;  Elliot^  Mon.  Pitt.  pi.  xxvi. ; 
:^iarpe,  P.  Z.  S.  1875,  p.  104  (Labuan) ;  id.  Ibis,  1877,  p.  10 
(Borneo). 

Pitta  muelleri,  Sd.  P.  Z.  S.  1863,  p.  215 ;  Wallace,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  106 ; 
JValden,  Trans,  Zool,  Soc.  viii.  p.  62 ;  Salvad,  Ucc,  Bom,  p.  240 ; 
Sharpe,  Ibis,  1879,  p.  263;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1879,  p.  346  (Labuan),et 
1881,  p.  im  (Borneo) ;  Nichols.  Ibis,  1882,  p.  63  (Sumatra),  et 
1883,  p.  88  (Borneo) ;  Guillemard,  P,  Z.S.  1885,  p.  413. 

Coloburis  muelleri,  Cab.  et  Ifein.  Mus,  Hein,  ii.  p.  4. 

Melanopitta  muelleri,  Bp,  Consp.  Vol,  Anisod,  p.  7;  Walden,  Ibii, 
1872,  p.  874. 

Bracbyurus  sordidus,  Elliot,  Ibis,  1870,  p.  419  (part.). 

Pitta  malaccensis,  MUll,  ^'  Schl,  Verh,  Zool,  Pitta,  p.  19. 

Similar  to  P.  atricapiUa,  but  of  rather  larger  dimensions. 
Hab,  Borneo,  Sumatra,  and  Banka. 


a.  Ad. :  6.  Jr.  at 
c.  $  ad.  ak. 

d,e,  (S  2  ^^' 
f,  Jr.  sk. 
y.  Ad  ak. 

h,  2  ji^*  ^ 
%,j.  Ad.  ak. 
H-p,  Ad.  ak. 
q,  Jr.  ak. 


Borneo. 

Bintulu,  Borneo. 
Marup,  Borneo. 
Lawaa  River,  Borneo. 
Sarawak,  Borneo. 
Jambuuan,  Borneo. 
Borneo. 
Labuan  (Xow). 
I«buan. 


PurchaBed. 

Purchased. 

Tweeddale  Ooll. 

U.  Veitch,  Esq.  [P.]. 

Tweeddale  ColL 

Gould  GolL 

J.Oould,Esq. 

R  B.  Sham,  Esq.  [P.]. 

Sir  H.  Low  [0.]. 


r.  Ad.  Bk. 

>.  Ad.;(.  9  mL; 

».  Jr.  ak. 
r.  Ad.  ak. 


Timor  (f). 


Qonld  Ooll. 

A.  R.  Wallace  [C. 

Purchased. 


35.  Pitta  nftflgTiirftTiiL. 

Rtta  atricapilla  aanghirana,  ScMegel,  Ntd.  Tijdtthr.  Hi.   p.   1 

(1866). 
Fitta  aanghirans,  Meyer  in  Sawlty'i  Orn.  Sfuf.  ii.  p.  320,  pi.  ]\\ 

Salvad.  Attn.  Mv*.  Civ.  Oenov.  ix.  p.  61;  Eiliol,  IbU,  1S70,  p.  4 

ffimilar  to  P.  mueUeri,  but  rather  larger. 

Hob.  Bailor  Islauds. 

It  would  be  more  loj^cal,  perhaps,  to  nnite  this  and  tbe  t 
preceding  species,  but  I  prefer  to  leave  matters  as  I  fiod  them 
the  present, 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Sanghii  Islands.  Gould  Coll. 

6.  $  ad.  sk.  Saofrhir  Islands.  R  B.  Sharpe,  Esq.  [1 

e.  Ad.  sk.  Saughir  Islands.  Purchased. 

A  ct  ad.  sk,  Saogbii  Islands.  Tweeddsle  Coll. 


36.  Pitta  noTS^uines, 
Fitta  atricapilla,  Quoy  et  Oaim.  Voy.  Astr.,  Zool.  i.  p.  258,  pi.  8.  &f, 
PitU  noT»-guinea8,  vtfuB.  et  Schleg.  Verh.  Zool.  Pitts,  p.  10 ;  G, 
Om.  B.  i.  p.  214;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1858,  p.  175  ( Aru),  1809,  p.  1 
1861,  p.  4M  (Ujaal) ;  id.  Cat.  B.  Neie  Ouia.  p.  26;  Scl.  P 
LuM.  Soc.  ii.  p.  158 ;  ScMleg.  Vog.  Ned.  lad.  Pitts,  p.  7,  pt.  2.  fig 
id.  JUut.  P.-B.  Pitta,  p.  4  (]8e3),  et  p.  6  (1874) ;  .3:  Ned.  TijtU 
iii.  p.  189  etiv.  pp,  15, 16;  )FaUa«,  iiu,  1864,  pp.  103, 105,1 
ITAIbertu,  P.  Z.  8.  1876,  p.  631 ;  til  Ann.  Mm.  Civ.  Genov. 

""" :  Sah-ad.  .inn.  .ll<«,    "'      "  "  ""•       "" 


The  yery  narrow  rump-band  and  dark  belly  readily  distinguish 
tiiia  species  from  the  three  preceding. 


a.  Ad.  sk. 

Aleva,  S.E.  New  Guinea 

(!))■.  Jamti). 

Gould  Oo!l. 

6,  e.  (J  fld.  Bk. 

Dore  J,  N.Guinea. 
New  Guinea  ( tVallace). 

A.  R.  Wallace  [C.]. 

d.  Ad,  sk. 

Gould  Coa 

«,/.  d  »A.;g. 

Aru  Islands. 

A.  R.  WaUace  [C,]. 

2  ad.  ak. 

A-m.  Ad.  ak. 

Am  Inlands. 

Gould  Ooll. 

ti.  Ad.  sk. 

Salwatti. 

Gould  CoU. 

0.  Ad.  sk. 

Salwntli. 

Tweeddale  Coll. 

p.  2  I'd.  8k. 

Mvstil  (flosi^nWii). 

SalTin-Oodinan  Cdl, 

f.  a  ^.  sk. 

Mpo!. 

A.  R.  Wallace  [C.l. 

r.  Ad.  sk. 

Gngie  Island. 

Purchased. 

t.Ad.Bk. 

New  Guinea  (P). 

Salviu-Oodman  CdOL 

37.  Pitta  mafoorana. 

Pitt*   novB-puineffi   mafoorana,   Schkg.  Mus.  P.-B.  Pitta  C]67*)l.J 
p.  8  i  Mf!/er  in  Rowl.  Oiti.  Misc.  ii.  p.  SOS.  I 

Pitta  maforeana,  licecari,  Ann.  Mue.   Civ.   Gtnov.  vii.  p.  709:  idt  \ 
Ibi»,  1376,  p.  248.  ' 

Ktta  maforensis,  OouM,  S.  Keic  Otiinea,  pt.  vii.  pi.  6, 

Pitta  mafoorana,  Sahad.  Ann.  Mut.  Cii;   Oeitoi:  xvi.  p.  184;  id, 
Om.  I^p.  ii.  p.  380. 

Similar  to  P.  nova-guintm,  but  without  any  white  speculum  j 
t&il  black,  tipped  with  green  ;  greater  tail-coverts  black,  edged  with 
blue,  smaller  tail-covcrts  polo  metallic  green  ;  blue  on  the  ahdomen 
darker.     (ScMegtl.) 

Uab,  Matoor  Islands,  Bay  of  Geelvink. 


38.  Pitta  rosenbergL 
Pitta  rosenbe:^,  ScMeg.  Ntd.  Tij'dtchr,  i 


P.-S.  I'itta  (1874),  p.  8;  Soafid>.  Reint.  n.  d.  Geelmnkb.  p.  188; 
Beccan,  Ann.  Mun.  Civ.  Grmv.  vii.  p,  700;  id.  Ibii,  1376,  p.  247;   ' 
Gould,  B.  A'eiD  Guin.  pt.  iv.     '   "     "      '       -'        ■'■      --    -   ""' 
pL  Ixii. ;  Salead.  Ann.  Mui.  t 
u.  p.  387. 

Similar  to  P.  novfr-tfuinfa,  hot  sides  of  the  abdomen  deep  purple^ 
tail  and  groator  tail-corerU  black,  and  black  of  the  throat  ratbar 
more  extended  over  the  nt'ck. 

Bab.  Mifiori  and  Seek  Islands,  Now  Guinea. 


o.  $  Ad.  sk. 
t.  Ad.Hk. 


Kordo,  Misori  I.,  Bay  c 

Geelvink  (Ma/er). 
Soek  L,  Bay  of  Geelvink 


Gould  CoU. 
Gould  Coll. 
Tweeddale  CoU. 


39.  Pitta  fonteni. 

Htta  melnnoeephala,  MiiU.  ^  Sahi.  Verh.  Zaot.  Pittft,  p.  19 ;  Wetttr- 
Biidr.  t.  d.  Dierk.  i.  p.  40,  Pitta,  pi.  2 ;  Oray,  Gin.  B.  i.  p.  21 
Schleg.  Vog.  Ned.  Ind.  Pitta,  p.  3,  pi  2.  &g.  1 ;  id.  Mat.  P.- 
Rttii,  p.  4  (1883),  et  p.  9  (1874) ;   tFaUace,  lint,  IHtU,  p.  100. 

Brachvuru3f07ateni,£p.  CinM^i.  i.  p.  SjO  ;  EUiot,  Mon.  Pitt.  pi.  zxii 
id.  m»,  1870,  p.  419. 

Melanopitta  foraWni,  Bp.  Coiup.  Vol.  Anitod.  p.  7 ;  Meuer,  H 
187B,  p.  126. 

Pitta  foTSteni,  Goatd,  B.  New  Guinea,  pt  i.  pi.  7. 

Above  green  ;  whole  head,  neck,  and  throat  black ;  lesser  wis 
coverts  and  rump-band  bright  silver-blue;  tail  above  green;  win 
feathers  black ;  abdomen  green  like  the  bock,  but  ratker  clean 
with  a  black  median  patch ;  lower  beUy  and  crissum  scarlet ;  und 
wing-ooverts  black ;  bill  black ;  feet  pale  brown  :  whole  leugth  't 
inches,  wing  4*7,  tail  1'8,     Female  eimilar. 

Hab.  Celebes. 

Immediately  distingnishable  by  its  large  size,  green  tail,  a 
unifonn.  black  remiges. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Menodo,  Celebes.  OouM  Ci 

6,  c.  Jr.  sk.  CekbeB(P).  Gould  Ci 

40.  Pitta  steeril 

Brachjurua  ateerii,  Skatye,  Nature,  xiv.  p.  297  (1876) ;  id.   Tra 

£mn.  Soc.  aer.  3,  Zool.  i.  p.  S29,  t.  xlii. 
Melanopitta  eteerii,  Twedd.  P.  Z.  S.  1878,  p.  948  (ZamboangK). 
Pitt*  st«erii,  Oouid,  B.  Asia,  v.  pi.  74. 
CyanopitU  etaerii,  OoM,  Mon.  Pitta,  pi.  8. 

Above  preen  :  whole  hi 
p-bupd  bright  ailv 


I 


2.  rrru.  443 

B.  BrU.  Burm.  J.  p.  414  ;  Kdham,  Ibu,  1881,  p.  609  (PeriLk) ; 

Oouid,  B.  Aria,  r.  pi.  (i2j  Salead.  Ajui.  Mia.  Civ.  Qenov.  wr.  2, 

vol.  iv.  p.  Sl)7  (Bbamo). 
Bracbyunu  cucuUatua,  Sp.   Cotup.  i.  p.  265  ;  Elliot,   Mm.   Pitt. 

pi.  xxviii. :  id.  Ibis,  1870,  p.  4:.'0 ;  Hume,  Str.  F.  iu.  p.  100 ;  Bljftk, 

B.  Burm.  p.  98. 
Colobaris  cuculkta.  Cab.  eC  Heiii.  Aftu.  S$in.  ii.  p.  4. 
UeUuopitta  cucuUnta,  Bn.  Oontji.  Vol.  Ani»ad.  p.  7. 
Pittn  nigricollia,  Blylk,  J.  A.  S,  B.  xii.  p.  tttfO  (18431 ;  id.  Ibii,  180(1, 

p.  374. 
"  Pitta  nidogastor,  Biidge.,"  Slyti,  J.  A.  S.  B.  xii.  p.  901. 
Pitta  malaccensis,  MiiU.  ^  &-h[.  Verh.  Zooi.  Pitta,  p.  IS). 
Pitta  coronain,  Peale,  Om.  U.S.  Mrpl.  mp.  od,  1,  p.  80. 
Ktto  bangkanB,  fkhl.  Vog.  Xtd.  Iiid.  p.  8,  pL  2.  fig.  5;  id.  Mum.  P.-B. 

Pilta,p.  3(1*)3>;  H'naow,  Jiii,  lS04,p.  106. 
Biacbjtinis  banfc'kana,  Elliut,  Ibi»,  1870,  p.  430,  pi,  siii.  %.  2. 

Above  green ;  sides  of  head  jind  najto  black,  crown  chestnut ; 
lesser  wiug-covertH  uud  rump-baud  Hilyer-bJue ;  wiiiga  black,  with  a 
broad  white  band  aeroas  the  apical  portion  of  primaries,  leaving  the 
wing-end  black  ;  beneath  bright  green  ;  throat, black ;  central  patch 
on  belly  black;  lower  belly  and  crissum  scarlet;  under  wing- 
coverts  black  ;  bin  black ;  feet  brown :  whole  length  O'S  iuohesj 
wing  4-5,  tail  1-5, 

Hah,  Nepal,  and  thence  through  Assam  and  Malay  Peninsula  to 
Banka  Island. 

Except  as  regards  the  chestnut  cap,  this  species  belongs  to  the 


typical  section 

of  the  preacnt  group,  ai 

id  is  obviously  allied  to 

P.  atricapilla. 

a.  Ad.  St. 

East  Indiee. 

Purchased. 

b-d.  Ad.  Bk. 

Kfpul. 

B,H.IIodpon,Esq.tP.]. 

e-k.  Ad. ;  (,  k. 

Native  Rikkim  (i.  Man- 

Jr.sk. 

,Wil. 

i-(.Ad.;«.Jr.Bk. 

Sikkim  {L.  Mandelli). 

Hume  Coll. 

v-x.  Ad.  ak. 

Darjeeling. 

Hume  CoU. 

y.  Ad.  ek. 

Bholau  Boars  (Z.  M.). 

Hume  CoU. 

»^.  tf  ad.  sk. 

Sadlijia,  As*am  {J. 
Dibrughur,  Assam  (J.  R. 

Hume  Coll. 

<f-f.  <J  ad.  sk. 

Hume  CoU. 

0-.V). 

J 

,'.  Ad.  sk. 

h:  Ad.  sk. 

KhttsiaHilLt(CVlfnMr/0- 

Tweeddale  Coll.             H 

Tippi^rah, 

Iluuie  Coll.                    ■ 

I'.J-'.Ad.Bk. 

Thayetmvo,  Brit,  Bunaah. 

Tweeddale  CoU.           fl 

fc'.  tJ  ad. ;  /■.  2 
m'.fl''.(j'o8d.8k. 

Pi-gu  Hills  (i-.rr.Ofl(eO- 

Huro^  CoU.                   ■ 

Pfgu  Hills. 

E.  W.  OatM  [0.1.       H 

"■.  6  ad. ;  p'.  2 

Anilierst,  Tenasserim  (  W. 

Hume  Coll.                   S 

jr.;5'.cfjr.8k. 

i)a„»«n). 

r-V.  dad.;6"- 

Hume  CoU. 

<•:  9  ad,  Bk. 

(  W.  Davison). 

/'.  tf  ad.  sk. 

Malewoo'n,  Tenaaserim 
{W.DaviKon). 

Hume  CoU. 

g".  tf  ad.  sk. 

TavoT,  Tenasserim  ( W. 
Badton). 

Hume  CoU. 

J 

I 


444 

A"-*-".  J  «d. ;  .". 

$  itd.sk. 
t"-v".  Ad.  Bk. 
to".  Ad.  sk. 
X".  Ad.  ik. 
y",  s".  Ad.  sk. 


Kowoom  (J.  Darting). 

MnJaccB  (  W.  Baeuon). 

UaUcca 
Malacca. 
£.  Indies. 


Hume  Coll. 
India  Museatu 
Purchnsed. 
Oould  Coll. 


42.  Pitta  iriB. 
nttn  iris,  Oould,  P.  Z.  S.  1843,  p.  1 
IiUr.  B.  Auar.  p.  65 ;  trf.  HanA.  B.  Aaitr.  i 
Verh.  Zool  Pitta,  p.  14;  Schlty.  Mw,.  P.-f 
p.  16  (1874);  Gray,  Gen.  B.  i.  p.  2\S ;  IVaUace,  IbUlldHi,  f.  1( 
— 1. .  ij.  £p   Crmap.  i.  p.  256 ;  Elliot,  Man.  Pitt.  pi.  ;    " 


;  id.  B.  Aa»lr.  iv.  pL  3 ;  : 
y.  1.  p.  432;  MuiL^Sc 
'.-B.  Pitta,  p.  6  (18G3) 


BtscIitu 


^,  1870,'p.419. 

Above  green ;  whole  head  and  nape  black,  with  a  broad  stri 
from  behind  each  eye,  joining  at  the  nape,  chestnut;  lesser  win 
coverts  bright  silver-blue,  tipped  with  purple  ;  narrow  rump-ba 
silver-green ;  tail  black,  broadl;  tipped  with  green  :  beneath  blac 
lower  belly  and  crisstiiD  pale  scarlet ;  bill  black  ;  feet  brown :  whi 
length  S  inches,  wing  4,  tul  1'4. 

ffab.  North  Australia. 

The  black  under  surface  is  quite  peculiar  to  this  very  distic 
speciee,  which  has  no  near  allies. 

a.  (f  ad.  sk.         Port  Essington,  N.  Australia  Gould  CoU. 

(JlfeOiWiway,  Voy.  of  the 

<  Rattlesnake'). 

A.  Ad.  sk.  N.  Australia.  Salvin-Oodman  Co 

e.  Ad.  St.  Port  Kasington.  Dr.  Sibbald  [P.]. 

d.  Ad.  St.  AuBtialia.  Purchased. 


3, .  BtCICHLi. 


44S 


pnre  white  terminal  band ;  Iceser  ooverts  and  outer  Bccondaries  like 
the  back ;  beneath,  tbroal  and  spot  on  each  side  of  the  head  pure 
white ;  breast  black,  passing  into  purple  and  blue  on  the  belly  ; 
under  wiog-coverts  black;  bill  black;  feet  brown:  whole  length 
0  inches,  wiog  3-5,  tail  1'4,  Fcmah.  Above  dull  crimson,  wiugs 
blackiah  brown,  coverts  edged  with  white,  as  In  male ;  tail  blue ; 
beneath  dirty  brown,  throat  white. 
Hab.  Borneo. 


I 


a.  Ad.  St. 

b,c.  d  9  ad.  sk. 
J.  $  sk. 


llor 


rurrhwd. 
G„uld('oli. 
Sir  11.  Low  [C.]. 


Typo- 


3.  EUCICHLA. 
Eucicbla,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mut.  Ileiii.  ii.  p.  '2  (1850)   E.  Cjaniira, 

This  section  embraces  what  are,  perhaps,  the  most  gorguoualy 
coloured  species  of  the  family.  Although  the  toil  iu  E.  tfumetfi 
and  K  ellioti  is  not  so  long  and  pointed  iis  in  K,  eyanura  and  it« 
allies,  I  follow  Gould  in  placing  the  two  first-named  species  in  the 
same  genus  as  the  Litter,  to  which  they  are  obviously  related  lu 
it^Ie  of  colour. 

fiicicAfe  is  fonnd  in  Tenusserira,  I(urmtth,Niam,  Cochin,  the  Malaj" 
FeninBulB,  Sumatra,  ilava,  and  Borneo. 


I 


AVt/  tothtSpecift. 

A.  Crown  black :  tail  longer. 

d.  Whole  abdomen  tranaversely  fllriped   1.  ej/anura,  p,  44fi- 

6,  Centre  of  abdomen  purple  : 

I  breast  yellow,  with  transverse  bar»   2.  x'hvanrri.y.iH, 

]  breast  dark  purple    .3.  fewAi,  p,  «7. 

B.  Crown  biiie:  tail  shorter: 

I  bn.'ast  flshj  green 4.  rlli"/i,  p,  44S. 

I  breast  black 5.  ffarnryi,  p.  448. 


1.  Encichla  CTantira. 

Merle  de  la  Gniane,  Iliiub.  PI.  Eid.  ?A>r,. 

Trndni  cyanunis,  Bodd.  Table  rf.  PI.  £nl.  p.  21  (1783) ;  (!m.  S.  N. 
i.  p.  f28;  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  i.  p.  3fil. 

Myiothera  cranura.  Cw.  Keffn.  An.  i.  p  367  (1817), 

m«  nannra,  VidU.  Aour.  2>k<,  iv.  p.  356 ;  irf.  Enc.  MM.  p.  666 ; 
iiOoiOu.  i.  p.  24e,  pi.  163 (  i«*tw.,  Tr.  d'Om.  p..1M;  Vtg.Mrm. 
Itaffia,  p.  65(1 1  Blylh,  Cat.  B.  Mut.  A.  S.  p.  157 ;  StrickJ.  P.  Z.  S. 
1840, p.  100 :  J/or>/.  ft  Moorr,  Cat.  B. Miu.  £.J.  C.  i.  p.  1p3;  firm. 
Gen.  B.  i.  p.  213 ;  Bp.  Comm.  i.  p.  2M ;  id.  Corum.  Tol.Ammd.  p.  7 ; 
MiiU.  «<  SeN.  Verh.  Zool.  Pitta,  p.  3:  Sthl  Voy.  yrd.  ItuL  p.  83, 
^.  «.  fiw.  1,  2,  3;  id.  Mm.  P.-B.  Fitta,  p  13  (1868).  et  p.  Id 
11874)  i  Beaien,  P.  Z.  S.  1666,  p.  4 ;  £Uiat,  Mim.  Pitt.  pL  «li. ; 


Waauie,IhU,  1864,  p.  107 ;  NieUtm,  Ibu,  1881,  p.  164  (eggt 

Otmid,  B.  Ana,  v.  pi.  77. 
Euoicbk  CTaaura,  Cab.  »t  Htin.  Mut.  Bein.  11.  p.  2 ;   Otmld,  Mi 

Pitt.  pL  2. 
Myiotbeni  affinis,  Hor»f.  Trmu.  Linn.  Soc,  xiii.  p.  Ifil. 
Tutdua  guBJoniu,  Mu^  Natwmtt.  Suppl.  p.  146  (P  P). 
Pitta  gTuiana,  miot,  Ibii,  1870,  p.  420. 

Above  reddUh  brovn  ;  crown  and  gidea  of  head  black,  witb  a  loi 
Buperciliaiy  stripe  of  bright  yellow,  which  is  much  broadened  on  t 
nape ;  wings  blackish  brown,  greater  coverts  and  some  of  t 
secondaries  edged  externally  with  clear  white ;  tail  black,  wi 
bright  bine  edgings :  beneath,  throat  and  sides  of  neck  pure  whi< 
bordered  below  by  a  narrow  parplish-btue  noiik-collar ;  abdom 
pale  brownish  yellow,  regularly  barred  across  by  black  band 
under  wing-coveri^a  black,  with  whit«  margins  ;  small  cross  bar 
the  inner  webs  of  the  primaries  white ;  bill  black  ;  feet  pale  brow 
whole  length  8  inches,  wing  4,  tail  2'5.  Female  similar,  but  he 
brown  like  the  back,  rather  brighter  on  the  snperciliaries,  a 
gronnd-oolonr  beneath  white,  barred  as  in  the  male. 

Bab.  Jara. 


,J  ad.sk. 

Java  iBon/Md). 

India  MuB. 
(Type  of  ItlffMhera  ajtn 

$  ad.ak. 

Java  (Bortfield). 

India  Mus. 

imLA. 

Java  (BonJU^. 
Java  {BortSMi. 

India  Mus. 

,<.  JSad.sk. 

India  Mus. 

d  ad.Bk. 

Java  (Diar^. 

Salvin-Oodman  Ci 

cf  sd.sk. 

Java. 

Salvin-QodmanOi 

,t.  Ad.;,-,  t. 

Java. 

Tweeddale  CoU. 

Jr.  sk. 

m.d  ad.;n. 

E.  Indies. 

J.  Gould.  Esq. 

$  ad.  sk. 

3.  lucioinjL.  447 

small  bar  of  white  aero«  tlie  inner  webs  of  the  primaries  at  their 
bases ;  biU  black ;  feet  brown :  whole  length  7*7  izushes,  wing  4,  tail 
2*5.  FemaU  similar,  but  not  so  bright;  crown  brown;  nnder 
surface  yellowish  white,  regularly  barred  across,  and  without  the 
purple  on  the  abdomen. 

Hab,  Borneo. 

This  is  an  exaggerated  form  of  E.  eyanura,  but  quite  distinct, 
with  its  brighter  yellow  breast  and  the  purple  blotch  on  the  abdomen. 

a.  (^  ad.  sk.  BaDJermassiiig  (Motley),  Wallace  ColL 

b,c.  ($  ad. ;  d.  $  Borneo.  Gould  Cdl. 

ad.  sk. 

0.  cT  ad.  sk.  Kudat,  Borneo  (Everett).  Tweeddale  Coll. 


3.  Eucichla  boschL 

Pitta  boschii  Miill.  8f  ScMeg.  Verh.  Zool.  Pitta,  p.  5,  t.  i. ;  Oray, 
Gen.  B,  i.  p.  213 ;  Horsf.  et  Moore,  Cat.  B.  Mw.  E.I.  C.  i.  p.  898 ; 
Moore,  P.  Z.  S.  1854,  p.  273 ;  Elliot y  Mon.  Pitt.  pi.  xxxi. ;  td,  Ibia, 
1870,  p.  421 ;  Tweedd.  Ibis,  1877,  p.  300  (Sumatra) ;  Eelham, 
Ibis,  1881,  p.  510  (Pernk) ;  Nicholson,  Ibis,  1882,  p.  63  (Sumatra)  j 
Gould,  B.  Asia,  v.  pi.  83. 

Eucichla  boschi,  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus.  Hein.  ii.  p.  2 ;  Gould,  Mon.  Pitt 
pi.  3. 

Pitta  elegans,  Temm.  PI.  Col.  591  texte  (1830);  Less.  Voy.  Bonite, 
Zool.  p.  78,  t.  3 ;  Schleg.  Vog.  Ked.  hid.  p.  20,  pi.  0.  fig.  6\  id, 
Mus.  P.-B.  Pitta,  p.  14  (1803),  et  p.  17  (1874) ;  Bp.   Consp.  I 
p.  256;  id.  Consp.  Vol.  Anisod.  p.  7  ;    Wallace,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  107. 
"  Pitta  affinis.  Baffles;'  Moore,  P.  Z.  S.  1854,  p.  273. 

Above  clear  reddish  brown ;  front  and  supcrciliaries  yellow,  passing 
into  brilliant  orange  on  the  occiput ;  coronal  patch  and  sides  of  head, 
which  nuito  round  the  nape,  black ;  wings  brownish  black,  with 
Tcry  broad  white  tips  to  the  greater  coverts,  and  white  edgings  at 
the  ends  of  some  of  the  secondaries ;  tail  black,  broadly  edged  with 
bright  purple :  beneath,  throat  white,  passing  into  pale  yellow  at 
the  sides  of  the  neck ;  abdomen  very  dark  purple,  with  the  sides  of 
the  breast  crossed  by  regular  narrow  bars  of  reddish  orange,  which 
bars  are  faintly  perceptible  on  the  middle  of  the  breast;  imder 
wing-coverts  black,  with  white  edgings  ;  a  small  white  bar  across 
the  inner  webs  of  the  two  outer  primaries  at  their  bases ;  bill  black ; 
feet  brown :  whole  length  8  inches,  wing  3*9,  tail  1*5.  FemdU. 
Above  similar,  but  colours  not  so  bright :  beneath,  abdomen  regularly 
barred  across  throughout,  and  without  the  purple  colour. 

ffah.  Sumatra  and  Malacca. 

The  orange  occiput  and  purple  belly  at  once  distinguish  this 
splendid  species. 

a.  (^  ad.  St  Malacca  (Canior).  India  Museom. 

b.  $  ad.  sk.  Malacca  (Oaniot),  India  Museum. 

c.  d,  (S  ad. ;  e-h,  Malacca.  Hume  ColL 
$  ad. ;  t.  Jr.  sL 


j.  S^ad.  ak.  Mt.Ophir, Malacca (TranOnKi  Tweeddale  Coll. 

Bamtau). 

k.  Ad.  ak.  Malacca  (Maingay).  Tweeddale  Coll. 

I.  $  ad.  sL  Mnlacca.  Capt.  Piawill  [C.]. 

m.  (J  ad^ak.  MeJaoca.  IncTia  Museum. 

n-p.  cf  $  ad.  ak. ;  Malacca.  J.  Gould,  Esq. 

g.  $  ad.sk. 

r.  ^  ad.  ak.  Singapore  (P).  Lord  Elleuborough[F 

t,t.  Ad.sk.  Lampong,  Sumatra  (Surton).  Tweeddnlr  Coll. 

u,  r.  1^  $  ad.  ak.    Sumatra.  A.  R.  Wallace  [C.]. 

w.  ^  aA.ak.  Sumatra.  J.  Oould,  Esq. 

X.  $  ad.  sk.  Sumatni.  Purcbssed. 

4.  EacicMa  elliotu 

Pitta  ellioli,  Outt.  Noun.  Arch.  d.  3£m.  z.  BuB.f.  lDl,p1.  ii.;  i 

S«tt.  Soc.  Pkiiom.  1678,  p.  206  j  Gould,  B.  Alia,  t.  pi.  66. 
Eucichls  elliotj,  GouU,  Man.  POt.  pL  6. 

Above  ultramarine  blue,  shaded  with  green  and  browniah ;  be: 
emerald-blue,  brighter  on  the  front;  band  through  the  eye  to  na 
black ;  tail  blue ;  throat  clear  blue,  breast  ashy  green ;  abdoni' 
yellow,  transTereely  banded  with  black ;  large  patch  in  middle 
belly  dark  blue  ;  criganm  black,  tipped  with  blue ;  back  dark  reddi 
brown.     Femals  aimilar,  but  head  and  throat  brown ;  back  green, 

ffab.  Cochin  China  and  Cambodja. 

Apparently  a  very  distinct  Bpecies,  of  which  I  have  abbreviat 
the  description  &om  Gould's  work.  Two  specimens  in  the  Fai 
Collection  are  the  only  examples  yet  received  in  Europe. 

6.  EoclcUa  gorneyi 

.S/c.  i-:  iii.  p.  290,  pi.  i 


a.  ti  ad,  ak.  Lajnah,  Tonasserim  (  W.  Daviton).  Hume  Coll."! 

A-},  rf  nd. ;  BEmltiisOi>n,Teua3S8rim{ir.  iJai'iion).  Hame  Coll. 

r~t.  2  ftd,  ak. 

/.  2  ad.  sk.  Pnlawtonlon,  Mnlawon,  Tenasserim  Hume  Coll,  I 

(  ff*.  Davison).  [ 

f.  2  nd.sk.  Malftwon,  TenBaserim  (Davison).  Hume  Coll. 

l:  tS  ad-sk.  Tfti.raw,IalandofToiiknh(IF;i>ati'-  Hume  Ooll. 

*Hi).  (Types  of  the  species.)  J 

")',  It',  d  2  ad.  sk.  Bankasoon,  Tenaseeiim  (  W-Dameon).  QouJd  Coll. 

4.  CORACOPITTA*.  ^.^^ 

Type, 
Malampittn,  Schleyel,  Nal.  Tijdtchi:  iv.  p.  47  (1S73J M.  lu^bris. 

Until  anatomical  investigations  have  been  made,  it  must  remain 
doubtful  whether  this  typo  should  be  referred  to  the  Piftidte.  or  to  the 
TimeHidcef.    The  single  speujes  knowu  ia  restricted  to  New  Guinea. 


Hottd  of  Mclampitta  litgithris. 

It  IB  peculiar  for  its  uniform  black  plumage,   short  eroct  frontal 
plameB,  long  legs,  and  comparatively  elongated  tail. 

1.  Coracopitta  lugabiia. 
PitU  lu^bris,  Rmaib.  Heist,  n.  d.  Gcelvlnkh.  p.  \H 
Mulampitta   lugubria,   Schkgel,  Nat.    Tijdsckr.  iv 

P.  Z.  S.  1873,  p.  am ;   Oouid,  B.  Neto  Guinea,  pt. 

Pitta,  pi.   10;    Saload.  Ann.  Mia.   Civ.   Oen.  i 

p.  im;  id.  Om.  Pap.  d.  p.  405. 

Uniform  black ;  bill  and  feet  black  :  whole  Ici 
wing  3-2,  tail  l'?. 

Sah.  New  Guinea. 
a.  2  ad,  ak.  .Ajfak  Mts.,  New  Guiseu. 


MehxarpiUa,  in  its  correot  form  MelaMpitia,  is  stready  in 
_  trta.     I  propose  therefore  to  rop'  '      " 

t  q/.  SalTsd.  Om.  Pap.  ii.  p.  400. 


of  Pitta,     i  propoae  therefore  to  mplooe  it  by  CaracopiUa. 
'   "'  lalTsd.  Om.  " 


I 


Family  VIII.  XENICID^. 

Our  knowledge  that  the  two  peculiar  forma  of  New  Zeal 
Aeanthidotitta  and  Xmieut,  are  non-OBciniiie  is  entirely  due 
researcheB  of  Forbes,  who  mreetigated  their  anatomical  stn 
in  1682*.     Porbee  showed  that  the  syrinx  in  these  two  gon 


meeomyodiati,  and  that  the  presence  of  a  t«uth  external  pri 
and  the  non-bilaminate  tarsus  are  fiurther  indications  of  their 
Oeoinine  affinities.  In  other  points  the  Xertieido;  as  Forbes  n 
the  &mily,  oonform  to  the  general  Passerine  type.  There 
trace  of  a  plantar  vineu7um,  the  arrangement  of  the  tentorpi 
brevit  is  Passerine,  the  main  art«ry  of  the  leg  is  the  sciatic,  an 
Btemnm  has  a  single  pair  of  posterior  notches  and  a  bifid 
nnbrinm. 

On  the  whole  the  XetUcida  must  be  held  to  be  more  nearly  i 
to  ItG  P!tt;j<T  than  to  any  ollior  Pasaorine  tortn  yet  Iehc 


1.  AOAinEBJIKNaTXA.  451 


1.  ACAHTHnXMSHTA.  -^ 

Acanthiaitta,  Lafr,  Mag.  de  ZooL  1842,  pL  27 A.  dooris. 

Acanthidositta,  Pti/fer,  ^.  M  Z.  ed.  ii.  p.  lis  (1887) A.  chlona. 


As  indicated  by  its  name,  this  form  is  peculiar  for  its  slepder, 
thorn-like  bill.  Aeanthidositta  builds  its  nest  in  holes  of  trees  and 
in  other  cavities,  composed  of  leaves  and  plants,  and  lays  white  ^ggs. 


1.  Aeanthidositta  chloris. 

Sitta  chloris,  Spamn.  Mus,  Carls,  pL  aS  (1787). 

Acanthisitta  chloris,  Gray,  Ibis,  1862,  p.  219;  Finsch,  J,f,  0. 1867, 

p.  320, 1870,  p.  251,  1872,  p.  109,  et  1874,  pp.  171,  183;  PeU. 

Verh.  k.'k.  zool.-bot.  Oes.  TFien,  1867,  p.  316;  Button,  Cat  B, 

of  K  Z.  p.  8  (1871);    id.  Ibis,  1870,  p.  392;  Forbes,    P.  Z.  8. 

1882,  p.  669;  Btdler,  B.  N.  Z.  p.  112;  id,  Man,  B,  N.  Z.  p.  16 

(1882). 
Aeanthidositta  chloris,  Buller,  B.  N.  Z,  ed.  ii.  p.  113. 
Citrine  Warbler,  Lath.  Gm.  Si/n.  ii.  pt.  2,  p.  4o4. 
Motacilla  citrina,  Gm.  S.  N.  i.  ip.  979  (1788). 
Sylvia  citrina,  Lath.  Ind.  Orn.  ii.  p.  529. 
Acanthisitta  citrina,  Grai/,  List  of  Gen.  1842,  Ap2>.  p.  6 ;  EUtnan, 

Zod,  1861,  p.  7466. 
Sitta  punctata,  Quoy  et  Gaim,  Voy.  de  VAstr,  i.  p.  221,  pi.  18.  fig.  1 

(looO). 
Acanthisitta  punctata,  Gray,  List  of  Gen.  1842,  A}yp,  p.  6 ;  Ellmanf 

Zool.  1861,  p.  7406. 
Motacilla  citrinella,  Forst.  Dcscr,  An.  p.  89  (1844). 
Acanthiza  tenuirostris,  Lafr.  B.  Z.  1«41,  p.  242. 
Acanthisitta  tenuirostris,  iafr.  May.  de  Zool.  1842,  Ois.  pi.  27. 

Upper  parts  dull  green,  tinged  with  yellow  on  the  wings  and 
rump ;  throat,  breast,  and  underparts  generally  fulvous  white,  with 
a  tinge  of  yellow  on  the  sides  of  the  body  and  abdomen ;  a  streak 
over  and  beyond  the  eyes  and  a  lower-cyclid  fringe  of  fulvous  white ; 
wing-feathers  black,  edged  on  their  outer  webs  with  green,  and 
crossed  by  a  band  of  dull  yellow  immediately  below  the  coverts, 
which  are  black:  the  first  terfcial  white  on  its  outer  web;  tail- 
feathers  black,  tipped  with  fuscous;  irides  and  bill  dark  brown; 
legs  and  feet  paler  brown,  changing  to  yellow  on  the  under  surface 
of  the  toes :  length  3  inches,  wing  1*5,  tail  '95.  Female,  Crown, 
hind  neck,  and  upper  back  olivaceous  yellow,  each  feather  margined 
with  brown ;  lower  back  and  rump  olivaceous  yellow  tinged  with 
green ;  tail-coverts  dull  green  :  beneath  huffy'  white,  sides  washed 
with  yellow ;  wing-feathers  dusky,  margined  on  the  outer  web  and 
marked  at  the  base  with  olivaceous  ydHow ;  superior  wing-coverts 
black;  outer  tertials  margined  with  white;  innermost  seoondai^ 
with  an  oblong  spot  of  yellowish  white  on  the  outer  vane;  tail 
black,  tipped  with  fulvous.  Towng.  Duller,  and  suAued  wi&  yel- 
lowish brown ;  breast  with  numerous  elongated  hrown  rtrialiomi. 

Hah.  North  and  South  Islands  of  New  Zealand. 

2«2 


a,b.  Ad-Bt 

NewZ««l«id. 

cl  J»i.;<l,.. 

NewZe&Lmd. 

$  ad.  ak. 

/,«.  JS«i.di. 

New  Zealand. 

*,.•.  tt.d.ij-J. 

New  Zealand. 

2  .d.  ri. 

n.  Ad.  nil. 

New  Zealand 

Purchased. 
Capt.  Stokea  [F 


w).  Sclater  Coll. 

2.  XEWICUS.  -^ 

Type. 
Xenicus,  O.  R.  Ona/,  Cat.  of  Oen.  of  B,  p.  31  (1866)  . .  X.  longip 
The  laJ^T,  longer  tarai   and  the  more  broadened  bill  at  on 

dietingaieb  tlm  form  from  Acanthido»iUa. 

The  neat  appeara  to  be  like  that  of  Aeanthidorilta,  but  of  mo 

flniahed  construction.     The  eggs  are  of  a  apotlesB  white. 

Key  to  the  SpecUt. 

A.  Above  dark  green ;  beneath  nsky  1.  longipet,  p.  462. 

B.  Above  blown ;  beneath  pale  btowu     3.  gilviverUrit,  p.  4& 

1.  XenicuB  longipea. 

,_.d  Warbler,  IMh.  Gen.  Syn.  ii.  pt  2,  p.  466  (1783). 
a  longipea.  On.  Sya.  Nat.  i.  p.  979  (1788,  tr  Lath). 
Sylm  longipea.  Lath.  Ind.  Om.  ii.  p.  629  (1790). 
Acanthieitta  longipea,  Orau,  ImI  of  Om.  of  Birds,  App.  p.  6  (1842 

Mman,  Zooloffut,  1861,  p.  7466. 
Xenicus  longipes,  Gray,  Ibi»,  1862,  p.  218 ;  Fituch,  J.f.  0.  18f 
p.  320,  1870,  p.  261,  1872,  p.  109,  et  1874,  pp.  171, 184;  Pe 
Verh.  k.-k.iool.-bot.  Get.  Wien,  1867,  p.  SIB:  SuUer,Birdi of  N. 
Zealand,  p.  115  (1873);  id.  Ibii,  1874,  p.  110;  id.  Man.  B. 
„  ™  1.  ,.no..^  .-:,  «  _^  1/  2.  ed.  li.  p.  108;  ffuMon,  G 
,  1S74,  p,  l:: :  F<«-l>es.  P.  Z. 


Zealand,  p.  115  (1873);  id.  Ibii,  1874,  t 
A'.  Z.  p.   14  (1882) ;  id.  B.  of  If.  Z.  ed.  i 

B.  of  N.  Z.  p.  7  (1871);    id.  Hit,  1S74, 


2.  xKncDB. 


0.  Ad.  sir. 
b.  (f  sd.  sk. 
ft  Ad.  sk. 


New  Zeal  find. 
Milfnrd  Sound,  Nei 
New  Zooland. 


Cnpt.  Stokes  [P.]. 
Oould  Coll. 


2.  Zenicns  g:ilTiventru. 

XenicuB  gUviventrin,  Pelzeln,  Vrrh.  k.-k.  zool.-iot.  Oei.  Wien,  1887, 
p.  316;  Suttot>,Cal.B.o/XZ.Y.  7  (1871);  FnuroA,  J./.  O.  1870, 
p,  351,  1872,  pp.  83,  109,  et  1874,  pp.  171,  184 ;  Buller,  Birdi  of 
NewZeaiand,  p,  117  (1873);  jrf.  jtfon.  B.  of  N.  Z.  p.  15  (1883);  id. 
BirdsofNtw  Zealand,  ed.  ii.  p.  Ill, 

AcanthiaitU  gilvivectris,  Oray,  Sand-l.  i.  p.  183. 

Xenicua  haasti,  Buller,  Ibis,  1869,  p.  37 ;  f^nici,  J.  f.  0. 1870,  p.  261, 
1872,  p.  83,  Bt  1874,  p.  ISl. 

Acantlusitbi  liaasti,  Oray,  Hiind-I,  i.  p.  183. 

Upper  parts  dull  olivo-brown,  with  a  greyish  gloss,  darker  on  the 
forehead  and  crown,  and  tinged  on  the  hack,  wing-coverts,  and 
rump  with  yellowish  green  ;  sides  of  the  head  dark  brown,  with  a 
narrow  supor ciliary  streak  of  ftilvona  white,  widening  above  the 
Mis  :  underparts  dehcatc  purplish  brown,  with  a  silky  appearance, 
and  fading  into  fulvous  white  at  the  base  of  the  lower  mandible  ; 
tile  sidco  of  the  body  lemon-yellow ;  wing-feathera  brown,  the 
pi-imaries  margined  on  their  outer  webs  with  dull  olive  ;  the  seoon- 
darios  with  an  apical  spot  of  fiilvous  on  their  outer  webs  ;  tertiala 
and  lesser  wing-covorts  black,  fonning  a  conspicuous  triangular 
spot ;  inner  lining  of  wings  pale  yellow  i  tail-featheT8  dull  olive ; 
irides  and  bill  blaokiah  brown  ;  tarsi  and  toes  pale  brown,  claws 
darker:  length  3-7  inches,  wiug  2-1,  tail  0-75,  FrmuJe.  Similar, 
bnt  upper  parts  dull  yellowish  brown,  shaded  with  umber  on  the 
crown,  and  tinged  with  yellowish  olire  on  the  wings  and  rump ; 
the  superciliary  r<treak  less  distinct ;  and  the  underparts  pale 
fhWous,  stained  on  the  sides  of  the  body  with  lemon-yellow. 

Hob,  South  Islaud  of  New  Zealand. 

a.  Ad.  sk.  Rimiiankn  flillri,  New  Zealnnd, 


I 


Family  IX.  EURYLiEMIDiE. 

The  Earylamida  have  been  Tarionsly  arranged  by  natnn 
but  imtil  recantiy  hare  been  OBoallj  referred  to  the  neighboui 
of  CoraeUa,  and  considered  to  be  non-Passerine*.  Nitzsch,  i 
celebrated  '  Fterylography,'  firat  showed  that  the  pterj'los 
Eurylcemnt  is  that. of  the  Passcres;  and  Blanchard  snbsequ 
figured  the  Btemum,  and  proved  that  this  is  also  of  the  Pass 
form,  althongh  the  mauubrium  sterni  is  nnforked,  contrary-  to 
ia  generally  the  case  in  the  typical  Passeres  t. 

In.  1S77  t  Garrod  further  showed  that  the  palate  of  these  bi 
bnly  FasBoriiie,  bat  that  they  differ  singularly  from  all  other  ki 
FassOTee  in  the  straotnre  of  the  foot.    The  tendon  of  the  j 


1.  CitrPTOlTKMi. 


4S6 


la  1880  Forbes  took  up  the  snbjoot,  and  gave  its  accnrate  de- 
scriptions of  the  trachea  of  the  Euri/liTmifl<F  ',  which  had  not  been 
previously  eiaminod.  He  proved  by  his  study  of  this  organ  that  the 
Eurylamida  are  Mosomyodians  of  the  non-Tracheophonine  division. 
But,  looking  to  the  important  points  of  the  retention  of  the  plantar 
vinculum  and  to  the  non-forlced  manubrium  sterni,  Forbes  concluded 
that,  aa  had  already  been  enggeated  by  Garrod,  the  Eurylamidan 
ought  to  form  a  main  division  of  the  Poeseres  by  themselves  under 
the  title  "  Desmo dactyl r,"  while  all  other  Passeroe  should  be 
denominated  "  Eleothebodaoitli,"  f 

This  view  as  to  the  position  of  the  Eurylmnulr  is  nearly  what  is 
adopted  in  the  present  volume,  except  that  it  seems  more  convenient 
to  place  them  at  the  end  of  the  other  Oligomyodian  Passeros,  instead 
of  after  the  Traclteopliowy. 

The  Etirylirmidm  may  be  considered  as  one  of  the  typical 
families  of  the  Oriental  Region,  to  which  they  are  strictly  confined. 
They  are  moat  developed  in  Malacca,  Sumatra,  and  Borneo,  but  extend 
vestwarda  into  the  sub-Himalayan  forests  of  Northern  Bengal  and 
eastwHrda  into  the  Philippine  Islands. 


Key  to  ike  SvhfamUit*. 

A.  Frontal  plumes  projecting  forwards  and 

covering  the  nostrils;  tail  very  short, 

nearly  square;  bill  short;  chm-angle 

carried  forward    \.   CALTPTOMEmNJl, 

A.  Frontal  plumes  recumbent,  not  covering  [p  465, 

the  nostrils;  tail  long,  much  ruundi-d; 

bin    longer;    chin-angle   not    oarriecl 

forward 5.  EURYLMMIN^, 

[p.  457. 


Subfamily  I.  CALYPTOMENIN.^. 

1.  CALYPTOMENA. 

Calyptoraena,  Raffieg,  Trans.  Lmu. 

This  genus,  which  has  been  variously  placed  by  the  older  authors, 
is  no  doubt  closely  related  to  the  Eunjlami,  of  which  it  ia  an  aberrant 
form.  In  the  structure  of  the  tarsi,  pterylosis,  form  of  thestomum, 
and  other  essential  points,  the  two  groups  nearly  approximate, 
although,  as  Sir.  Davison  tells  us,  tlioy  by  no  means  agree  in  habita, 
food,  or  note.  To  the  typical  species,  which  extends  from  Tenas- 
serim  to  Borneo,  a  second,  highly  developed  form  from  £inabalu 
haa  recently  been  added. 


I 


4S6  !■  wJKtLsiaJ>M. 

Key  to  ihe  Speaa. 

A.  Sroftllu :  oeolt  In  front  sTeen  like  the  bodj  . .  1.  viriiUt,  p.  46( 

B,  Luger :  Ui^  neok-pitoh  black 2.  whiteheadi,  p. 

1.  CalTptomena  viridu. 

CWyptomenft  Tiiidln,  Safflti,  Trmu.  Linn.  Soc.  ziii.  p.  295  (Snn 
iW.  Zool  JUt.  ^.6S;  Eyhm,  P.Z.S.  ISSd,  p.  103  (MiJi 
BMh,  QU.  B.  iUw.  ^.  &  p.  IDO;  id.  B.  Burm.  p.  124j  . 
4'  Moon,  CU,  £.  £/.  Cb.  Jfiu.  i.  p.  1%;  itfbon,  P.  Z.  & 
B.ae7  (Mklacoa);  Set.  P.Z.S.imS,  p.  214  (Borneo)  i  W 
liit,  1873,  p.  366  (N.  liomeo) ;  Srceari,  Ahh.  Aim.  Op.  i 
xiii.  p.  4C^ ;  ^iWimf.  Ucc.  Bern.  p.  106 ;  id.  Ann.  M>u.  Gr.  i 
xiT.  p.  107  (Suraatr*) ;  Hrnme,  Str.  F.  ii.  p.  470  (Teoasserii 
Till  pp.  60,  ea  (Miday  Peninsula) ;  S/uirpe,  Ibis.  Id77,  p. 
laru,  p.  303  (  id.  P.Z.S.  ISSl,  p.  rm  (Bomeo) ;  TinrddaU 
1877,  p.  817  (Sunwtn.) ;  Himr  &-  Doiwii.  S(r.  F.  ri.  pp.  t 
(T»nMMrtm) :  XieMtam,  Ibis,  1^-J,  p.  &4  (Sumatn) :  Oai 
Brit.  Burm.  i.  p.  AH;  GuiiiUw^ir^  P.  Z.  S.  18$^  f.  407  {B* 

RupwoU  viiidvs  Tram.  PI.  <U  il«  (ieS3). 

Hpn  Yiridu,  »-^  lm»,  isaa,  p.  &30. 

OilyptMiHm  nOwH,  ^.  ..In.  M  JVnxiy.  p.  ^96  (1^^)- 

C^i^i>tMn«M  Mudacuta,  ^.  An.  m  Xent^.  p.  £)6  (1S3S). 

Brt^t  aluiuiig  gmo,  ratltw  dnlln  od  the  beUr :  a  small  ^ 
trout  of  the  eyes  bri^t  toUow  ;  omcealed  spot  at  the  base  i 
frOBtal  phinaa,  «  largftspot  britind  the  ear-ci>Tert».  and  three 
Mjr<«»  tb»  «ii)g-«oTerts  hlaek :  cads  of  eater  primaries  and 
poitioBB  of  Test  of  wing-fnthen  abo  black :  bill  Tellowish 
kont-eoIiMir :  whofe  Imjcth  6  is^e^,  vin^  4-2.  tail  1-5.  1 
■iniUr,  but  sot  »o  bn^t :  bUA  ^ota  aheest :  inner  poRi< 
viB^-teath««s  bn>«Kish  bb^ 

i/u&.  TeaaaeeriM,  Malay  FeniaBola.  Samatra.  JaTai,?).  and  B 


I.   CALIFIOHSNA. 


o".  Ad.  dt, 

Malacca. 

A.  a  Wallace  [C.]. 

p".  S  ad.  Bk. 

Chohong,  Malacca  {Damson). 

Hume  CoU. 

?-,'■■'■  <f  2  »»l-ek- 

Mt.  OpMr,  Mftkcca  {Ramsay). 

Tweeddale  Coll. 

»",  (".    cf  ad.; 

Malacca  (iiflm*^). 

u"-ip".  $ad.i 

x".  e  jr.  8k. 

y".  rf  jr.  sk. 

Penang. 

India  Muaeum. 

.".    tf  id.  Hk. 

a"-/.    (J   ad.  ; 

PenOc: 

L.  Wrav  fCl. 
Hume  CoU. 

Johore  (/)ai>MDn). 

g^-P.  J  «d. 

■k. 

f.  Ad.  sk. 

Singapore. 

J.  Brooks  \p.\ 
Hiimo  Ooll. 

*>,  r.  cf  $  ad. 

ak. 
m».  tJ  ad. ;  n', 

Smjfapore, 

Sumatra  {Bode). 

Tweeddaie  CoU. 

o*.  2  ad.  8k. 

pJ.  d  ad.  ak. 

Larapong,  Sumatra  {£.  C.  Bux- 

toa). 
S.E.  Sumatni  {E.  C.  Buxton). 

Tweeddale  ColL 

5*.  5  ad.  ak. 

1^.  Ad.  flk. 

Sumatra  {Ruffia). 

India  MuBeum. 

»•.  (J  ad.  ik, 

Marup,  Borneo. 
N.E.  Bom«o. 

Tweeddale  ColL 

(".  Ad,  sk. 

Tweeddale  CoU. 

«'.  Ad.  fik. 

Borneo. 

Zool.  Soc.  Coll. 

»  .  Ad.  sk. 

Borneo. 

I'urchftsed. 

ID'.  Ad.  8k. 

8.  Eorueo. 

J.  Gould,  Ebq. 

x\  Jr.  flk. 

E.  Indies. 

Purchased. 

y=.  Jr.  .t. 

Java  {?). 

Purchased. 

2.  Calyptomena  whiteheadi. 

■,  p.  558;  id.  Ibis,  \&^ 

p.  231,  pi, 

.  V. 

I 


Bright  shining  green ;  large  blotch  on  the  front  of  the  neck 
and  a  spot  ou  each  side  behind'  the  eai-'coverta  black ;  feathers 
of  back  and  breaat  black,  with  lanceolate  groon  tips ;  tail  velvety 
black,  green  at  the  base ;  secondaries  slightly  edged  with  blue : 
irhole  length  11  inches,  wing  6-!(5,  tail  3-2.  Fanale  similar,  but 
smaUer,  not  so  bright,  and  frontal  crest  lesa  developed. 

Hah.  Einabalu  Moantiiin,  Borneo. 

The  description  is  taken  from  the  typical  specimens  in  Mr.  White- 
head's CoUection. 


Subfamily  II.  EURYL^MTN^. 

The  typical  Eurijhxmido'  consiBt  of  about  eight  species  referable 
t«  six  easily  distinguished  genera,  wbich  range  all  over  the  Oriental 
Begion  with  the  exception  of  the  peninsula  of  India  and  Ceylon, 
and  extend  from  the  Eastern  Himalayas  through  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago to  the  Philippines. 

The  wide  gape,  which  diatinguishes  these  birds  generally,  is 
carried  to  an  excess  in  C'orydon,  in  wbich  its  width  Is  fully  equal  to 
the  length  of  the  bill.     The  food  of  this  eubfamily  appears  t^  be 


45S 


KUSTLSKIDJI. 


mainly  iiuects,  ^11116  Calyptomena  is  said  to  be  purely  frngiToroi 
The  Eurylamiwx,  so  far  as  their  nesting  habits  are  known,  appc 
to  btuld  domed  nesta  suspended  &om  the  bTanohea  of  trees,  and 
lay  spotted  eggs. 

Key  to  the  Qentra. 

A.  Nostrils  more  or  lesa  rounded,  placed  at 

the  base  of  the  &onta1  plumes. 

a.  Tail  lonfter  than  wing    2.  Psabisomus,  p.  458. 

h.  Toil  shorter  than  wing. 

a.  Bill  short;  aides  of  upper  man- 
dible not  overlapping   3.  Srhilophus,  p.  400. 

6.  Bill  longer  ;  aidea  of  upper  man- 
dible fllightly  OTerlappin?. 

I  With  an  eye-canincle 4.  Saecophanops,  p.  462. 

{  Without  an  eye-canmcle. .   6.  Eitbvljimiis,  p.  463. 
c.  Bill    very    broad    and     strongly 
hoolied ;  sides   of  upper   man- 
dible much  overlajipii^ C.  Cobydon,  p.  466. 

B.  Nostrils  lineiform,  placed  m  a  slit  in  the 

middle  of  the  mandible 7.  Cyubobhynchub,  p.  4€ 


2.  FSABISOKUS.  ,^ 

Type. 

>.  B.  a.  p.  261  (1837)    P.  dalhomdi 

CroBflodera,  Qavid,  Icon.  Av.  pi.  i.  (1837) P.  dalhouai; 

Raya,  Hodgt.  J.  A.  S.  B.  viii,  p.  36  (1839)    P.  dalbousi 

Sinius,  Hi^i.  J.  A.  S.  5.  x.  p.  27  (1841) P.  dalhouMi 

Simomis,  Sodgt.  Oroy'jt  Zool.  Mite.  p.  82  (1844) P.  dalhouai 

ITiia  lovoly  bird  ia  structunilly  distiiiguislied  from  the  other  Eur 
i  by  itfi  very  long  and  much  graduated  tail,  and  by  the  s 
'  "    '  '  "  '    jartlv  conceal  the  noatrjla.     *''  ' 


459 

Eiuyltumos  (CroBsodera)  dalfaoneiffi,  Botild,  lean.  Av.  pi.  i. 
Eurylumua  psittaciiius,  Mull.  Tijdtchr.  2fat.  Getch.  ii.  p.  349,  pi.  t. 

fi^.  e,  18Sh  (Sumatra) ;   Temm.  PI.  Col.  698. 
PsariBomiis  paittacinus,  Sahad.  Ann.  Mta.  Civ.  Gevor.   Xiv.  p.  198 

(Sumatra). 

Cap  and  sides  of  head  black  ;  largo  patch  on  the  crown  and  line 
at  the  back  of  the  nape  bright  blue  ;  narrow  front,  lores,  space  hdow 
the  ejre,  and  sides  of  neck  adjacent  to  the  blue  nnchal  band  bright 
yellow ;  spot  above  the  ear-coverts  greenish  yellow  ;  whole  back  and 
outer  secondorieB  bright  green  ;  wing-feathers  black,  with  a  white 
bai  on  the  inner  webi;  of  the  eight  outer  primaries,  and  a  large  patch 
of  bright  blue  occupying  the  outer  webs  of  the  basal  portions  of  aJl  the 
primaries  i  tail-feathers  much  graduated,  beneath  black,  above  blue  ; 
under  surface  bright  bluish  green,  throat  yellow ;  bill  horn-colour, 
with  the  culmon  and  edges  ycllowiab,  feet  brown ;  whole  length 
10"5  inches,  wing  4'2,  tail  5-4.     Female  similar. 

JBab.  Eastern  Himalayas,  and  through  Assam  and  Cachar  down 
to  Tenasserjm,  Sumatra,  and  Somen. 


I 


0.  Ad.  si 

^  e.  Ad.  i  (/.   2 

t.  Ad.  sk. 
/  Ad.ek. 

ff-i.  AA.;  J,  ><■  ? 

l-n.  Ad.  sk. 
t>-x.  Ad-jy-o'. 

Jr.ak. 
y-V.  Ad. ;  f,g'. 

Jr.ak. 
i:  Ji.  sk. 
t'-f .  Ad.  8k. 

n'jo'.  Ad.'ik. 

f".'  Ad.'  sk.' 
f .  Ad.  sk. 

<*.  Ad.  sk. 

C,  «'.  J^  ad.;  t.. 

»k.  ' 
a",  6".  Ad.  ek. 

c".  Ad.  sk. 
*■,«■'.  rf  ad.;/". 
J  ad.  flk. 

A".   cT  B^-i  i",j"- 

$  Bd.8k. 
■  ■■  -.  ij  ad. 


India. 


Darjiling 
Bhotan. 


Tndia  Museum. 


Tlume  Coll. 

Cant.  S.  PinwiU  [0.]. 

ilume  Coll. 


Hiima  Coll. 

Tweeddale  Coll. 
B.  II.  Hodgaon  [0.]. 
Hume  Ccill. 
Hume  Coll. 
W.  Griffith  [CJ. 
J.  Mcadland  [O.]. 
Hums  Coll. 


Sadkjia,    Assam 

bum). 
DolJaii,  Assam  (./.  Cockbum).     Hume  Coll. 


ShiUong, 

Dibrughur,  Assam  {/.    S.      Hume  Coll. 

Crip]»). 
N.  Cachar  Hills. 
N.   Khaain   Hills   {A.     W. 

Channelt). 
Dilkuaha,  Cachar  (J.  Inglii). 
MaaipuT. 


Assam   (J.    Oxk-     Hume  Coll. 


Tweeddale  Coll. 


i  ad.; 


.  Ad. 


9".  d  ad.ak. 


Toi^oo,  Britiab  Boimali 
{Warsaw  Sanilay). 

Pegu  Hilla,  E.  alopea. 

WMteni    Hilla   of    Pc^ 
(Oatet). 

■Lopes,    Moolejit 


*",  t'.  (f  ad.  ak.      Moolejit  (piimton). 
>"-x".  cf  ad. ;  y",    Meetan,   TenaBaenm  (  W. 


a',  (f  ad.  ak.  Nellaybro  (J.  Darling,  Jr.). 

i*.  I  ad.  ik.  Thoniigreeii  r.  (Sm^Aoin). 

c*-/.  S  wi  ;/*.  Thoungrab  (/.  Darling,  Jr. ). 

rfjr.ak. 

^.  Ad.  ak.  R«i^oOD. 

A>.    <;  ad.;  Snmatia  (ffodb). 

t-Hf.  Jr.  ak. 


TweeddakCdL 


HnineCoU. 
Home  CoU. 
Home  CoU. 


3.  SEBXLOPEirS.  __ 

Type. 
Serilophiu,  Sv>.  Chut.  B.  ii.  p.  202  (1837)   S.  luuulat 

Two  speoiee  of  Serilophu*  occupy  the  hill-rangea  of  the  Asia 
contineiit,  from  Sikhim  to  Tenasserim,  bat  have  not  jet  been  n 
with  Id  the  Kalay  Archipelago.  They  are  distinguished  among  t 
EuTylamina  for  their  comparatiTely  narrow  bill,  moch  rounded  tt 
and  Bmooth  silkj  pinmea. 


£«y  U)  the  Speeia. 


A.  Forehead  pale  grej ;  nape  brownish   . . 

B.  Whole  head  abo7e  uniform  dark  grey 


.   1.  lunatiu,  V-  460. 


3.  sEBHOPmis.  461 

the  back ;  tail  black,  outer  reotricos  broadly  tipped  witli  white : 
beneath  grej-ish  white,  becoming  pure  white  on  the  belly  ;  thighs 
black ;  bill  plnmbeoua,  with  yellowish  culmen  and  edges ;  feet 
blackish  :  whole  length  fJ'5  inches,  wing  S-4,  tail  2-6.  Female  Bimilar, 
but  breast  croBsed  by  one  or  more  narrow  silvery  bands. 

Hab.  Burmoh. 
11,4.  (S  ad..;c,d.     Kmea  niih(Wai-dlaw  Eamtm/).     Tweeddale  ColL 


ad. ;  -•,/. 


•    A.  Ad.;  I.    e 
A. 
/,  t.  J?  ftd.; 

I.  Ad.  sk. 
•I,  M.  <J  ad. ;  . 

$  MLek. 
>  (f  ad.  ak. 
9-«.  J  ad.;  I, 

S  ad.  sk. 
V.  S  ad.  ek. 


Karenee  ( Wnrdlaw  Ranuay). 
Tgnglioo  (  Wanllaw  liavieisy). 


Pegu  IIUls. 

West  Pegu  Hills  (OaUs). 


Thenganee  Sakhan,  Tenaaserira 
Thoungyah,  Tenass.  ( Darliii'i), 


W-a:  cJ  ad. ; 

o'.  g  t&.;  d.  Ad.     Thouniryab,  road  to  Mvnwadee 
8k.  {Davmn). 

Thoungshayen,  Tenass.  (Daaiinn, 


f.  a  ad.;/.   2 

ad.  ak. 
y'.  2  ad.  ak. 

h:  $  ad.  Hk. 
t".  J  ad.  sk.1 
y.  cJ  ad. ;  k'.    2 

ad.;  r.  Ad. 

ak, 
m:  a  ad. ;  n\  «'. 

$  ad.  sk. 
p',  q'.  (J  ad.  sk. 
r'.  cj  ad.  ak. 
«■,  r.  cf  ad.  fik. 
u'l  xf.  5  ad.  ak. 
vf.  Ad.  sk. 
xf.  Ad.  ak. 


Thciungflbajen,   Tenasa.    (Binj- 

Knukaryit,  Tenass.  {Iku-iew). 
Aseoun,  Tcnnss.  (Daiieon). 
MouJeyit,  Tenass,  {Darinon). 


Meetan,  Teiiass.  (Dai'Ufoii], 

Amherst,  Tanass,  [^Davison). 
Omaguoen,  Tenass.  {Uavimji). 
Nwalaboo,  Ti^aaas.  (Dni-uon). 
Nwftlaboo,  Tenaas.  i  Darling), 
Tenasaerim, 
Indian  Arehipulagn. 


E.  W.  Oalea  [0.]. 
Hume  Coll. 


Hume  Ooll. 
Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 


jCoIL 
sCoU. 
3  Coll. 


Hiune  Coll. 

Hume  ColL 
Hume  ColL 
Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 
lim't  [C.]. 
Purchased. 


Ua 


2.  Serilophns  rubropygiut 

a  rubropjgia,  Hodga.  J.  A.  S.  B.  i*iii.  p.  3U. 


K);  Jirrf.  5.iHd.i.  p.238; 

id.  'ibi,,  1872;  Y-  4  i  Slffth,  Cat.  h.  Mwi.  A.  S.  p.  196 :  id.  B. 
Burm.  p.  125;  id.  IbU,  1866,  p.  340;  ffume,  Sir.  F.  iii.  p.  53, 
viii.  p.  86,  is,  p.  24"  (Cachar)  ;  Dales,  B.  Brit.  Burnt,  i.  p.  42o; 
Oi>uld,B.AMia^\.o\.^. 
Eurylniinus  (Senloptus)  rubropygius,  Horaf.  et  Moore,  Cat.  B.  E.I. 
&.  itfi«..i.  p.  110. 

Above  dark  groy,   alightly  washed  witb  brown  on   the  inter- 


462 


msnaacoiB. 


Bcapalinm;  long  Bnperciliarj  stripe  black;  ramp  and  upper  tt 
ODverto  cheetnat-red ;  wings  black,  croesed  by  a  bluisb  band  abc 
the  coverts  and  by  another  occupying  the  outer  weba  at  their  ti 
also  by  a  white  band  beneath  across  the  inner  webs  ;  outer  seoondar 
and  tips  of  the  inner  weba  of  the  inner  primaries  chestnut,  Uke  t 
back;  a  row  of  email  white  spots  adjacent  to  the  second  blui 
band ;  tail  black,  outer  rectrices  broadly  tipped  with  wbito  :  benee 
grey,  more  whitish  on  the  belly  ;  bill  plumbeooB,  with  yellowish  i 
and  edges ;  feet  pale  grsenish  brown  :  whole  length  6'5  inches,  wi 
3-3,  tail  2-S.  FemaU  similar,  but  with  a  narrow  silvery  wh 
breast-oolUr. 

Hab.  Nepal  and  Eastern  Himalayas  to  Arrakan. 


a-/.  Ad.  sL 

y-»:  g  «d.  -J,  k. 

S  ad.;^;.. 

Ad.ek. 
g-v.  Ad.  sk. 


NepsL 

gtkhun  (Mandelli). 


B.H.  Hodgson,  Esq.[U 

(Typical  spedmeiiB.) 
Hume  Coll. 


Ad. 


S,  X.  Ad.  sk.  Assam.  McClelland  [G.]. 

a'.  (J  ad,  sk.  Dilkouahoh,  Cschar  (J.  Hume  Coll. 

b'.  J  ad.  sk.  Manipur  (Bume).  Hume  Coll. 

c:  $  ad.;  if,  e*.  N.  Khssia  Hills  (A.  W.  Tweeddale  Coll. 

Ad.  sk.  Cheimett). 

/.<;  ad.sk.  Dikraug  Valley  (Oodwm-  Tweeddale  Coll. 

g'.  S  ad.  sk.  Hannutti  (Oodviin-  Tweeddale  Coll. 
Aluten). 


spot,  and  divided  irom  the  back  hy  a  white  ring  round  the  neck ; 
rump  and  tail  chestnut ;  wings  black,  with  a  distinct  whit*  croas-bsnd 
on  the  secondaries,  which  is  bordered  externally  with  bright  yellow 
on  the  inner  eecondariea ;  beneatli  white,  much  tinged  with  vina- 
ceous  ;  throat  and  sides  of  head  black  ;  bill  plumbeous,  with  pa]«  tip 
Bad  edges ;  feet  slaty :  whole  length  7  inches,  wiiig  3'3,  tail  ^'5. 
Fetnah  similar,  but  breast  pure  white. 
HiA.  Philippines. 

a.  Ad,  sk.  Basilao,  Philippines.  J.  I).  Steere  [0.]. 

(Onu  of  the  typical  specimens.) 
6,  c.  (J  ad. ;  d,  e.      Basilan,  Plulippmes  {A.  Tweeddale  Ooll. 

$  ad.  ak.  EvereUy 

/.  S  «d.  sk.  Dinngat,  Philippines  (A.  Tweeddale  Coll. 

5.  EUEYLjEMUS.  ^yp^ 

Euiyliumus,  H-»-i-f.  Traim.  Linn.  Soe.  xiii.  p.  170  (1822)  E.  jiivaoicus. 
HatyrhyncLoB,  VieiU.  Gal.  OU.  vol.  i.  p.  llfJ  (1835)     . .   E.  javanicus. 

The  Epical  genus  Eui-i/hmms,  as  now  limited,  contains  but  two 
species,  which  range  froDi  Teaasserim  eouthwards  over  the  Malay 
Peniiiaula  and  Hunda  Islands.  As  regards  ita  large,  strong,  much 
widened  beak,  it  is  only  surpassed  l>y  Cori/don. 

Key  to  tlie  Spetits. 


I 


1.  Eiuylstttiis  javanicm. 

Eurj'Ifemus  jiiTanicus,  Hui-ef.  Trans.  Linn.  Snc.  liii.  p.  170;  id.  Zool, 
Set.  pi.  'f>4:  Viffore,Meni.  Il'ifficK,  p.  653;  Lfis.  Man.  iTOm. 
i.p.l75;  iii.TraiUirOrn.y.2iS\;  Blvth,  Cat.  B.  A.  S.  v-  196; 
id.  B.  Burm.  ;a.  V2o ;  i(p.  Cotm/i.  i.  p,  168;  Moore,  Cat.  B.  Miu. 
£./.  Cb.  p.  116 ;  W.P.Z.&1*J4,  p.  367  (Malacca);  CiA.etSeitie, 
Mm.  Hein.  a.  p.  121 ;  Walden,  Ibit,  1872,  p.  3G0  (N.  Borneo); 
Gouid,  B.  Afia,  i.  pi.  57;  Salvad.  Ucc.  Bom.  p.  107;  Davison, 
Str.  /■.  T.  p.  450  (nest)  (Burmah ) ;  Munu  ^  Dm.  Sfr.  F.  vi.  pp.  89, 
"^  (Teiiasgerim) ;  Bume,  Sir.   F.  ii.  p.  470  (Tenftsserim),  viii. 


;  Rajmay,  P.  X.  • 

"Siehohon,  Ibi»,  1882,  p.  63  (Sumatra),  et  1883,  p.  88'  (Borneo) ; 

Oatei,  B.  Brit.  Burm.  i.  p.  427  ;  OuiUemard,  P.  Z.  S.  1885,  p.  407 

(Borneo). 
Eurylaimus  horafieldi,  Tcnim.  PI.  Col.  130, 131  (1823) ;  Sw.  Flycatc/i. 

p.  240,  pi.  30;  Waijl.  Sifsl.  At>.  Euryl.  ep.  3. 
Platyrhynchos  horalialdi,  VieiU.  Oal.  Oi«.  i.  p.  200,  t.  cixv. 
Javan  Tody,  Lath.  G.  IT.  iv.  p.  90. 

Above  black  ;  broad  central  patch  in  the  middle  of  the  back,  large 
spot  on  the  scapulariea  and  upper  tail-coverts,  and  bar  on  the  outer 


464  wrsTUBOBs, 

webs  of  the  secondaries  bright  yellow ;  whole  head  vinaceonB  p 
rather  brighter  on  the  nape  and  blacker  on  the  front ;  tail  I 
with  a  row  of  pale  fulvous-white  subtenninal  spots :  be 
Tinaceous  porple,  darker  on  the  throat  and  more  reddieh  o 
belly ;  thighs  brownish  black ;  crissum  rufoos ;  narrow  pe 
band  black ;  under  wing-coverts  yellow ;  bill  dark  plumbeous,  ci 
yellowish ;  feet  pale  hazel :  whole  length  S'3  inches,  wing  4,  ta 
FenuiU  similar,  but  without  the  black  pectoral  band. 

Bab.  Tenasserim,  and  south  throughout  the  Uolay  Feninsn 
Sumatra,  Java,  and  Borneo. 


a.  Ad.  sk. 

b.  Ad. ;  c.  Jr.  ak. 
d.  $  ad.  Bk. 
«,/.  rf  «d.;ff. 

$  ad.  sk. 
A.  (J  ad. ;  i.  ? 


Kareo  Hills. 
Tonghoo,  Brit  Bunnah. 
Meetan,  Teaaaserim  (Davison). 
Amherst,  Tenasserim  (Damtan). 


Tweeddale  Co 
Tweeddftle  Co 
Hume  Colt. 
Hume  Coll. 


(Ztoeison).     Hume  Coll. 


i:  <;  ad.  sk. 
m.  d  ad.  sk. 
n,  o.  (J  S  ad.  ak. 
p.  9  ad.  sk. 
a.  V  ad.sk. 
r,  I.  $  ad.  ak. 

t~v.  (J  ad.;M 

ad.  sk. 
j:.  ij  ad.  sk. 


Zadee,  Tenasserim  Daviton). 
Metlay,  Tenasserim  (Datiiion). 
Ahsoon,  Tenasserim. 
Tavoy,  Tenasserim  (Davigon). 
Amya,  Tenasserim  (MandelU). 
Nwalaboo,  Tenasserim  {Dan- 

$    BaakasooD,  Tenasserim  (Davi- 

Tkoun^ah,  Tenasserim  (J, 
DaroTiff), 

Thoungyeen  t.,  Tenasserim 


Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 
Tweeddale  Co 
Hume  Coll. 
Hume  ColL 
Uume  Coll. 

Hume  Coll. 

Hume  Coll. 

lluuie  Coll. 


5.   VUBXLMMVB.  465 


2.  Enxylamns  oohromelM. 

Eurylaimiifl  ochromelaSi  Bajlea,  TVom.  Linn,  8oe,  ziii.  p.  297  (1821Q ; 
Vigcr8f  Mem.  Itaglea,  p.  668;  Blythy  OU.  B.  Mw.  A.  <9.p.  195; 
id.  B.  Burm.  p.  126 ;  Bp.  Contp.  i.  p.  168 ;  Moored  P.  Z.  S. 
1864,  p.  267  (Malacca) ;  id.  Cat.  B.  Mu».  RL  Co.  p.  ll^yOmOdf 
B.  AmOf  i.  pL  68 ;  Cab.  et  Hein.  Mus,  Sinn.  iL  p.  122 ;  Waldenf 
Ibis,  1872,  p.  870 ;  Ptiz.  Novara-Beise,  Vog.  pp.  48, 161 ;  Salvad. 
Uec  Bom.  p.  108 ;  id.  Ann.  Mus.  Civ.  Oenov.  ziv.  p.  198  (Sumatra) ; 
Hume  <$■  Dav.  Str.  F.  vi.  p.  91  (Tenasserim) ;  Hume.  Str,  F, 
ii.  p.  470  (Tenasserim),  Tiii.  pp.  60,  86  (Malay  PeniiiBula) ;  Oates^ 
B.  Brit.  Burm.  i.  p.  426;  Sharpe,  Ibis,  1876,  p.  48, 1877,  p.  21,  et 
1870,  p.  263  (Borneo)  ;  id.  P.  Z.  S.  1875,  p.  107  (Labuan),  et 
1881,  p.  798  (Borneo) ;  Tweeddale,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  317  (Sumatra) ; 
NichoUon,  Ibis,  1882,  p.  64  (Sumatra),  et  1883,  p.  89  (Borneo) ; 
OuiUejnard,  P.  Z.  S.  1885,  p.  407  (Borneo). 

EurylaBmus  cucullatus,  Temm.  Pi.  Col.  2G1  (1824) ;  Waffl.  Syst.  Av. 
Euryl.  sp.  4;  Lesson,  Tr.  d'Om.  p.  261. 

Eurylsemud  rafflesi.  Less.  Compl.  Buff.  viii.  p.  463. 

CymbirhyDcbus  cucullatus,  Eyton,  P.  Z.  S.  1839,  p.  101. 

Aboye  black ;  stripe  down  the  centre  of  the  back,  and  spots  on 
scapularies  and  outer  webs  of  secondaries  yellow ;  narrow  collar  at 
back  of  neck  white ;  tail  black,  with  a  row  of  square  white  sub- 
terminal  spots  on  the  inner  webs :  beneath  white,  strongly  tinged 
with  rosy  pink  on  the  belly ;  throat  and  broad  pectoral  collar  black ; 
under  wing- coverts,  flanks,  and  crissum  yellow ;  thighs  black  ;  bill 
plumbeous,  with  yellowish  culm  en  and  edges ;  feet  reddish  :  whole 
length  6*5  inches,  wing  2*9,  tail  1*9.  Female  similar,  but  with  the 
pectoral  collar  narrower  and  incomplete  in  the  middle. 

Hab,  Tenasserim  and  Malay  Peninsula  to  Sumatra  and  Borneo. 

a.  Ad.  8t.  East  Indies.  Purchased. 

&.  c^  ad.  sk.  Yea,  Tenasserim  (^Davis&n).  Ilume  Coll. 

c.  5  ad.  sk.  Laynah,  Tenasserim  (Davison).  Hume  Coll. 

d^  c^  ad.  sk.  Takchan,  Tenasserim  (l>av«o?i).  Hume  Coll. 

e^'.  ^  ad.;  k,  I.  Bankasoon,  Tenasserim  {Davison).  Ilume  Coll. 

$  ad. ;  m.  (5 

jr.  sk. 
ft.  c^  ad.;o.  $      Malewoon,  Tena8serim(2>ai;w(m).     Hume  Coll. 

ad.  sk. 
p-^.  S  ad. ;  IT-      Klang,  Salangore  {Davison).  Hume  Coll. 

a'.  2  ^*  ^* 

b\  $  ad.  sk.  Salangore  {Davison).  Hume  Coll. 

e\  ^  ad.  sk.  Well^ey  Province  {StoUcska).       Hume  Coll. 

d'.  $  ad.  sk.  Penang.  Tweeddale  ColL 

€f.  Ad.  sk.  Penang.  A.  R.  Wallace  [0.]. 

/.  P  ad.  sk.  Larup  Hills,  Perak.  L.  Wray  [OX 

g\  Ad.  sk.  Malacca  (Maingay).  Tweeddale  CiuL 

A'-9i»'.  Ad. ;  n\  Malacca.  Home  CdlL 

o\  Jr.  sk. 

p\  Ad.  sk.  Malacca.  Dr.  Gaotor  [0.]. 

q,  r*.  Ad.  ak.  Malacca  (CmUor).  India  Mueam. 

s'.  6  ad.  ak.  Malacca.  A.  11.  Wallace  [C.]. 

VOL.  ziv.  2  a 


EUBTLXMIDA. 


S  ad.sk. 

»•.  rf•d.;x■ 
y'.  $  BdBk. 

«',  a"-  <J  Bd.; 
b".  Q  ad.  Bk. 

m".  S  ad.  ak. 
n".  9  ad.  Bk. 
o".  Ad.  Bk. 


Malacca  ( Wardiaw  Ramsay). 
Nealfg,  Malacca  (DatUon). 


»".  2  ad.;*". 

Jir.dt 
w",AAd.ak. 
y;.  Ad.  Bk. 

.."'.  Ai  «k. 


Sumatra  (Bock). 

LtunpoDg,  S.E.  Sumatra  {Bux 

ton). 
Sarawak,  Borneo. 

N.E.  Borneo  {Lok). 
Bedi,  Borneo. 

Borneo. 


Tweeddale  Co 
Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 


Tweeddale  Col 

Twoeddale  Col 
SalTin-Oodmat 
Qould  Coll. 
Purchased. 


6.  COBTDOIT. 

Corjdon,  LtMon,  Man.  iOm.  p.  177  (! 


i.  p.  80  (Malay  Penin.).  i«.  p- 167 

i.   pi.  61  ;   Waiden,   Ibis,   1^173, 

(N.  Borneo) ;  Sharpe,  Ibis,  187G,  p.  48,  1877,  p.  21,  et  1879, 


p.  aea  (Borneo) ;   T^etwMa/f, /ii.;  1877,  p.  S17  (SuimIts)  ;  iVvrAo/- 

<»7i, /bu,  1S82,  p.  S4(SuiuntrB),  et   1883,  p.  00   djorneo);  Oatei, 

B.  Brit.  Surm.  i.  p.  430;    Guillemard,  P.  Z.  8.   1886,  p.  408 

(Bonieo), 
Corydon  temminclii.  Zeu.  Man.  d'Om.  -p  177  (1828). 
EurvliBinua  sumAtrttnus,  Figors,  Mem.  Mafflea,  p.  MS;  O.  S.  Gray, 

Lai  B.  Brit.  Mm.  pt.  ii.  sect.  1,  p.  37  (1848)  j  l^lz.  A'oi-ara-Efue, 

pp.  43,  161. 
Eurvlaimiw  (Cortdon)  sumatnuius,  ^ora/.  d  Moore,  Cat.  B.  Mut. 

M.I.  C«.  i.  p.  117(1854). 

Above  dull  black,  with  a  lai^  concealed  patch  of  white  stained 
with  crimBon  iu  the  middle  o(  the  back ;  alar  speeulum  white : 
Ixineath,  middle  of  throat  and  breast  fulvous  white  ;  rest  of  nndor- 
ports  black  aa  above ;  under  surface  of  wing-foathors  crossed  by  a 
broad  white  band :  tail  bliiak,  with  a.  broad  white  snbtcrminal  band 
on  alt  the  lateral  rcctricos  ;  bill  above  plumbeous,  beneath  yellowish ; 
feet  black;  whole  length  10  inches,  wing  5'5,  tail  4'3.  Female 
aimitar,  but  tul-band  not  »o  broad. 

Unh.  Tenasseiim,  Malay  PeoinsulA,  Sumatra  and  Borneo. 

a,  h.  Ad.  sk.  Karen  llill^  ( Wardfaw  Ramtaif).     Tweeddale  Coll. 

0.  rf  ad. ;  (^  «.  S  Fahpoon,  Tenaas.  (IktaiioH).  Hume  Coll. 

kd.sk. 

/.  (J  ad. ;  J.  9  ad.  Vounzali*n   Creek,    Tenass.  Hume  Coll. 

Ik.  (Vaf.-i»on). 

h.  (J  ad.;  i".  2  ad.  Tavoy,  Tenass.  (Davuon). 


.  $  ad.  sk. 


Hume  Coll. 

Thoungjnh, Tenass.  (J.Darling).  Hume  Coll. 

Thounsyeen,   Tenass.   (C.  Y.  H.  B.  Sharpa,  1 

Bingi,m).                     \  [P]. 

Thounpyeen  r.,  Tenasserim  (C  Hume  CoU. 

T.  Bi'n-jlmm). 

Hanknaoon,  Tenass.  (Dai'imm).  Hume  Coll. 


n-r.  cJ  ad.; 
ad.sk. 

*-»  (J  ad. ;  j:.         MaJowoon,  Tenass.  (Dav 

S  ulak. 
Sf~v.  cfad. ;  e'.  if.     Klang,  Salangore  (Dnvi* 

_S  ad.;  e:  9 

f-f.  Ad.;  t'.  Jr.     Malacca  (Davimnt). 


Hume  ColL 


IIui 


)CoU. 


n:  Jr.  »k. 
n-.  Ad.  sk. 
p'.  Jr.  ak. 
g'.  Ad.  Bk. 
r'.  Ad.  Kk. 
«',  ('.  (J  9  ad.  »k. 
u'.  2  B^'  "k. 
b'.  id'.  Ad.  i.k. 

y.  Ad.  8k. 


Malacca  (Main;;ai/)^ 

Malacca  (Wardlaw  Ramsay). 

Malacca. 

Malnoea. 

Malacca  (Cantor). 

Malacca. 

Sbgapore. 

Sumatra. 

Sumatra  (  WMaai). 

Sumatra  {Bock). 

Lampong,  Sumatra  {Boek). 


Tweeddale  Coll 
Tweeddale  CoU. 
A.R.Wal!acero.]. 
India  Museum. 
India  Museum. 
Purchased. 
Hume  CoU. 
A.R.Wallace[C.]. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 
Tweeddale  Coll. 


468 

y.  Ad.  sk. 

I'.  Ad.  Bk. 

a".  Ad.  sk. 
6".  ?  ad.  sk. 
c".  d  ad.  Bk. 
<r'.  Ad.  Bk. 
e".  Ad.  St. 


EURTLSIHID^. 

Ijampongp,  Sumatra  (burton). 
Sumatra  (  Wallaite). 
BanjermasMng.  Borneo  (  Mottley) . 
Busan,  Sarawak,  Borneo. 
.  Biuau,  Sarawak,  Borneo. 
East  Didies. 
East  Indies. 


Tweeddale  Coll. 
SalviD-Godman  Co 
A.  R.  Wallace  [P.] 
Salvin-Oodman  Co 
Tweeddale  Coll. 
Qould  Coll. 
l:*uichased. 


Type. 


7.  CTSBOBETNCEUS. 
CymbithTuelius,  Vigor*,  Mem.  Baffles,  p.  654  (1830)    . 

In  Cymhorhyndkut  the  bill  is  not  nearly  so  much  widened  as 
Corydon,  but  the  form  of  the  nostrila,  which  lie  in  a  longitudii 
sulcus  in  the  centre  of  the  mandible,  renders  the  genus  rcadi 
rao^nizablo  from  all  the  other  Eurylcemiiux. 

Cymbarhyndnu  extends  from  Arrakan  through  tho  Malay  Peni 
mla  over  the  Bunds  Islands. 


Key  to  the  Speeiei. 

m  twl  confined  to  inner  weba. .  1.  macrorhynch»*,  p.  4i 
in  tail  extending  orer  outer  webs  2.  afflnii,  p.  470. 


L  CymborhjnchosmacrorhTiichBs. 
areat^billed  Tody,  Lath.  Gen.  Syn.  i.  pt.  2,  p.  064 

p.  94,  pi.  IxT. 
ToduB  macrorhynchus,  Gjh.  S.  N.  i.  p.  446. 

Todus  plfttvrhyiiclios,  Demi.  Hint.  Aa(.  ToHg.  t.  72. 
I'latrrlivDchas  nasulua.  Vieiil.  A'.D.  iTfl.  Nat. 


(.   CTMBORHTNCHPS.  40U 

p.  237,  pi.  ixii. i  Eyton,P.Z.S.lSaS,  p.  101  (Malacca);  BIffth, 
J.  A.  S.  B.  IV.  p.  311 ;  id.  Cat.  B.  M.  A.  &  o.  185 ;  Schonibaiyk, 
I6iK,  1864,  p.  358  (Siun). 

Eurylieniua  nMutUB,  Temm.  PI.  Oil.  364;  Lt»».  Hfan.dOitt.i.  p.l75  ; 
Wagl.  Si/H.  Av.  Euryl.  up.  2. 

Eurvltemus  lomniscaluB,  Ra0ie>,  Tram.  Linn.  &r.  xiii.  p.  290. 

ErcJla  namcH,  Leu.  Ti:  dOni.  p.  200, 

Abo7e  bluck ;  ramp  crimaon,  more  or  less  varied  with  yellowish 
Etripea ;  eloDgated  scapalaries  white :  beuc&th  crimson,  throat  and 
breast-band  black;  bend  of  wing  yellowish;  under  wing-covert§ 
and  row  of  eubtcrminal  apoU  on  the  inner  ^ebs  of  the  taterol 
reotrieea  white ;  bill  dark  plumbcoas,  tip  and  edges  greenish ;  feet 
light  plurabeons ;  whole  lenglh  S'B  inches,  wing  a-a,  tail  3-4.  Fcmalt 
similar. 

Mob.  Teaaaaorim,  Malay  Peninsula,  Sumatra  a 

r.  ^  ad. ;  fi.  2  ad.     Near  Yea.  Teaaaa.  (Davii 


Bk. 

t.  cf  ad.  sk. 
d-g.  d  Bd.;h.    2 

ad.sk. 
i,j.  J  ad.;  i-n, 

£  ad. ;  o.  $ 

p,  (J  ad,  sk. 
'    y.  $  ad  sk. 
r.  $  ad.  sk. 
».  d  ad. ;  t-v.  2 

v-h'.  cf  ad.  ( i'-/. 

2  ad.  sk. 
y.  2  ad.  sk. 
('.  Ad.  sk. 
w',  v.  cf  ad. ;  W-, 

x'.  2  ad.  sk. 
y--<i".d«d.;&"-i". 

5  ad. ;  j".  Ad. 

A".  2  jr.  sk. 
f.  cf  ad, ;  ni"-B", 

Ad.  Bk. 
to".  Ad.  sk. 
^', y'-  e  ad. ;  i". 

2  od.sk. 
o".  Ad.  ek. 
6",  e*.  Ad.  Bk. 
iP.  Ad.  (k, 

e',/'.clad.;ff».  2 

ad.  sk. 
A'-.-'.^ad.;,'^. 

2  ad.Bk. 
f-n'.  rf  ad. ;  o'. 

2  ad.  sk. 


ind  Borneo. 
Hume  Coll, 


Omagoen.  Tenasa.  {Dacii 
Tavoy  (Dmnion). 


Tenasseriro  (to«"n)  [^Danson). 
Ilopyip,  T«nag9.  (ZJirtriiion). 
Takchan,  Tenass.  (Dm-isim). 
Bankmooa,  Tenasa.  (Varism). 

Malewoon,  Teoass.  {Dnriton). 
Kaukaryit,Teiia*i.(fi'(".u;FAiim). 
Kossoou,  Malay  Pouiusula  {J. 

Dai-Uni/). 
Wflleslej  Province  (JDaviioii). 
Poiuing. 
Salangore  (Dai-Uon). 


Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll, 
Hume  Coll. 
Humo  CoU. 

Hume  Coll, 
Hume  Coll. 
Hume  Coll. 

Hume  Coll. 

A.  H.  Wallace  [C], 


Klang,  Saktngore  {Davu 


«)■ 


Malftcca. 

Malacca  (Cantor). 
Malacca. 

Euroo,  Malacca  (Daetton). 

Chotong,  Malacca  [Oaciton). 

Nealys,  Malacca  {DavisoH). 


A.  R.  Waliace  [C], 
India  Museum, 
W.   Harvey,    Esq. 

..fJ;,., 


BURtljEMIDA. 


p>-^.  dBd.l 

Pulo  SeUn,  Malacca  (Davi- 

Hume  Coll. 

f'-*'.  $ad.8k. 

*m). 

a*.  <Jttd.(  i-.c*. 

Johore  (Baniton), 

Hume  Coll. 

$ftd.ik. 

y*.  Ad.  8k. 

Singapore  {Daeuon). 

Hume  CoU. 

Siam. 

Purchased. 

A*.  Ad.  ak. 

Cambodia. 
Cambodja. 

Purchased. 

i\  Ad.  sk. 

Tweeddftle  Coll 

J*.  2  ftd.  8k. 

Sumatra. 

A.  R.  Walkce 

>.  Jr.  Ik. 

Sumatra. 

PurchB.sed. 

i*.  Jr.  Bk. 

West  eoaat  of  Sumatra. 

Dr.  Faber  [C] 
Tweeddale  Col 

m'-p*.  Ad.  8k. 

Lampong,  Sumatra  (_Bodc). 

ff'-v*.   cf  «d.; 

Sumatra  (Bock). 

Tweeddale  Col 

w»H^.2ad.; 

o'.ft'.Ad.Bk. 

^•-g'.  Ad.  Bk. 

Labuan. 

Tweeddale  Col 

A*.  Jr.  8k. 

Labuan  (Zme). 

R.  B,  Sharpe, 
Tweeddale  Coll 

■■.jrAd.sk. 

N.E.  Borneo. 

*■.  Ad.  8k. 

S.E.  Romeo. 

Tweeddale  Col 

P.    Ad.  8k. 

Borneo. 

Purchased. 

m'.  rf  ad.  *k. 

Bedi,  Borneo. 
Lumbiden,  Borneo  (Low). 

Snlviu-Oodma: 

n*.  Ad.  ek. 

R.   B.  Sharpe, 

[P.]. 
Purchased. 

*.*.  Ad.  sk. 

Borneo. 

2.  CTmborhyncliiu  afflnis. 
CrmboThjnchns  affiuiB,  Shfih,  J.  A.  S.  B.  xv.  p.  813 ;  id.  Cat. 
A.  S.  p.  195 ;  tH.  B.  Burm.  p.  126  ;  Onfe»,  Sir.  F.  iii.  p.  330 
p.  188  (Pegu) !  id.  B.  BriL  Burm.  i.  p.  429 ;  Hume,  Str.  1 
p.86i  (?ot(M,P.Z.«  1859,p.  160;  «f.  B. -4»w,i     "      " 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX. 


abdominaliB  (CittA),  423. 
Madica  (Muscicapa),  228. 
aoadioiM  (Empidonax), 

2^228. 
acadious,    rar.    griseigu- 

laris  (Empidonax),  228. 
AoanthidonttA,  450,  451. 
Acanthimtta,  451. 
aeer  (TriuimiscuB),  130, 

133. 
aoutioaudatiis  (Anuni- 

bius),  52. 
acutipennis  (Hapalocer- 

cu^,  93,  95. 
Ada,  42. 
nquinoctialis    (C^clo- 

rhynohus),  16(). 
sequinoetialis  (Bhjiicho- 

cycluB),  165,  10(1,  1G7. 
affinis  (CTmborhyi)chut>), 

468,  470. 
affinia  (Elainea),   137, 

154. 
afBnis  (Myiothera),  440. 
aiBnis  (PlatypsariB),  335. 
affinis  (Psaris),  333. 
agilis  (ADSBretcs),  106, 

108. 
agili8(Eu8carihmu8),  108. 
agilU  (MuBcicapa),  224. 
agilis  (MriobiuB),  224. 
aglais  (Hadrostouiua), 

333,335. 
aglaiie  (Pachyrlmmpbus), 

335. 
aglaue  (Pach^Thyiichus), 

335. 
aglai®  (PlatTpearis),  336. 
aglaie  (Psans),  365. 
Agrioniis,  3,  4. 
alba  (Ootin^),  404. 
alba  (Procnias),  404. 
albescens  (Elainea),  164. 
albescens  (Parbvraiam- 

phus),  154, 155. 


albicapilla  (Muscicapa), 

141. 
albicauda  (Agriomis),  4. 
albicauda  (Dasycepbala), 

4. 
albiceps    (Elainea),    130, 

140,  141,  143, 144, 146, 

153. 
albiceps  ^Muscipeta),  141. 
albicilla  (Muscicapa),  150. 
albicollis     (Contopus), 

238. 
albicollis  (Elienea),  16o. 
albicollis  (Legatus),  155. 
albicoll  is  (M  uscipeta),  1 55. 
albicollis   (Tyrannula), 

155. 
albicollis  (Tyrannus),  155. 
albicoronatus   (Euscarth- 

mus),  102. 
albidiema  (OcbtbcDca), 

19.  22. 
albidiema  (Setopbaga), 

albifruns  (Muscisaxicola), 

albifrons   (PacbyrbjTi- 
cbus),  347. 

albifrons  (Ptyonura),  54. 

albigularis  (Empiduiiux), 
221,223. 

albilora  (Muscisaxicola), 
58. 

albimentum  (Muscisaxi- 
cola), 55. 

albitorques  (Exetastes), 
332. 

albitorques  (Tityra),  328, 
332. 

albitorques  fraaeri  (Ti- 
tyra), 332. 

albiTenter  (Muadoaptt), 
36. 

albiTeniris    (Fluvioola), 


albirentris  (Hadrorto- 

mus),  333,  335. 
albiventris  (Platypaaria), 

albivcrtex  (Elainea),  142, 

143. 
albocinereus  (Sirystes), 

181,  182. 
albocoronata  (Serpofrfui- 

ga),  102. 
albocristutus  (AnsBretes), 

1(X»,  107.  108. 
albocristatus  (Euscartb- 

mus),  108. 
albocristatus  (Tyrannu- 

lua),  107. 
albogrison(  Serpbophaga), 

102,  103. 
albogrisea  (Ta'nioptera), 

13. 
albogriseus  (Batbniidu- 

rus),  'M7. 
albogriseus  (LipaugUB)^ 

182. 
albogriseus  (Pacbyrbam- 

pbus),  338,  347. 
albogriseus    (Sirystes), 

181,  182. 
albogriseus  (Tyrannus), 

13. 
alboguhiris  (Platyrhyn- 

cbus),  (;4,  66,  67. 
albogularis  (Tyraimus), 

2(i7.  276,  277. 
albovittatus  (Pitaiiffiia). 

176,179.        ^*    ' 
albua  (Ohaamorbyneliiia). 

40a404. 
al«otor  f  Aleotmnisl  39. 
alector  (Muacioapa),  89. 
aleotrura  (MoaoiOMia), 

39. 
Aleotrurna,  3, 3& 
AlouaUe  noire  d«  la  Bn- 

oeiiad»,61. 


ILPUAKBTICAL  I5PIII. 


alpins    {HiueiaudooU). 

tipitM  (Tenioplera),  54. 
altiroitri*      (Gmpido- 

chanea),  226. 
■mabilu  (Ampelit).  384. 
unabilu  (OoUnga),  382, 


{Eam»r- 
thmuB),  117. 

•nwurocephalus  (Leplo- 

pogon),  n&.  lie,  117, 
amatDnuni   (Heteropcl- 

nu).  318,  319,  32U. 
ambulkiu     (Cbijaola- 

phui),  62. 
ambuluu  (Tjnnnus),62. 
AmpeUoD,  372,  373. 
Amphibolura,  372. 
ADteretaa.  64,  106. 
Aiuint«s,  106. 
•onlil  (HuadicBpa),  46. 
andeoolB  (Agriomu).  4, 

6,7. 


•ngoleniii  (Brachynnu), 

422. 
•Dgolenns  (Fitto),  41ft, 

sDeuttiractrii  (PbTtoto- 

n»),  406,  407. 
Buimoaa    (Muaoioapa), 

2(18. 
AnthooiDcla,  412. 
oDthrticiniu  (CnipoleguB), 

4:i,  44,  " 


317. 


tum    (UnLi 


.«). 


I  (Ampelio),  375. 
arcustiu  (Ampelioii},373, 

375. 
■rouMiu  (Unius),  317. 
arciutus   (FtilocbloriB), 

317. 
orcuntu*  (Prirhorhjn- 

chm).375. 
ardeaiaca    (IVraDnuln), 

237. 
aidMiaoua  (Ooatopua). 

234,237. 
■rdeaiaoui  (Mjioohanes), 


arenacea  (Ooht  l>(£ca).2 1 7. 

arenacetu      (Empido- 

ohanea),  216,  217, 


atrieapillua  (Psa 
■iricaudui    (Hi 

199.200. 
atri(«pa     (Empi 

220. 
atrioeps   (Megac 

190. 
atric^pa  (Hitrei 

219.  220,  221. 
atricepa    (Hjiai 

247:259. 
atrifrone(lyniiii 


ugentinuB     (Emi 

dunes),  224. 
arquata  (Pkmico 

431. 
arquata  (Pilta),  i', 
AruDdinieola,  3,  3 
Hilua{Hiific1peta),121. 


atropurpurea  CI 
na).  m.  388. 

atropurpuieug  ( 
chus),  215. 

Atlila,  358. 

Attila  sp..  362. 

Aucbmalea,  60. 

Budai  (Hiidroat 
333. 

audu   (Uegarhi 


458. 
aanmilu    (Miyiicbocf- 

oliM),  168. 
atarrima  (Seriooptila),  44. 
'mua  (Cnipol^uji), 


ALPHABimOAL  IVBKK. 


473 


auraneotiis    (Ampelis), 

aureipectus  (Euchloror- 

nifl),  380. 
aureipectus   (Pipreola), 

377,380. 
aureipectus  (Fyrrhorhyn- 

ehus),  380. 
aureitentris  (MriobiueX 

199,205. 
aureola  (Pipra),  292, 293, 

294. 
aurioapilla  (Pipra),  293, 

296. 
auricem  (Myiobius),  209. 
aurieulare  (Todirostrum), 

88. 
auricularis  (Orchilus),  88, 

89 
auricularifl  (Platyrhyn- 

chus),  88. 
auricularis  (Triccus),  80. 
auriflamma  (TyraunuA), 

266. 
aurifrons  (Elainea),  323. 
aorifrons  (Euscarthmus), 

323. 
auriArons  (Heteropelma), 

323. 
aurifrons    (Muscicapa), 

323. 
aurifrons     (Neopelma), 

323. 
auritus     (Leptopogon), 

116. 
aurocapilluB  (Manacus), 

296. 
aurora  (Euphone),  392. 
aurora  (Muscicapa),  2^1. 
axillaris    (Eiiipidunax), 

223. 

(Alectura),  39. 
(Cyanotis),   109, 

110. 

(FluTicola),  13. 
(Begulus),  110. 


bahamensis    (Bbidcus), 

241,242. 
bahamensis  (Gontopus), 

242. 
bahamensis  (Empidonax), 

242. 
bahamensis   (Pitangus), 

175,  180. 
bahamensis  (IVrannula), 

261. 
bairdi  (Empidonax),  222, 

228,  230,  231. 
bairdi    (Mjriodjnastas), 

182,  186, 187, 188. 

VOL.  XIV. 


bairdi     (Sauroph«giis)t 

186. 
Bald  Grow,  401. 
bangkana  (Brachjuros), 

443. 
bangkana  (Pitta),  443. 
barbata  (Muscicapa),  199. 
barbata  (Muscipeta).  199. 
barbatus  (Myiobius),  198, 

199, 201. 
Barbichon    de    Cayenne, 

165,  199. 
barbiroetris    (Blacicus), 

241, 244. 
barbirostris  (TjTannula), 

244. 
Bare-necked  Grakle.  402. 
Bathmidurus,  337. 
baudi  (Brachyurus),  444. 
baudi  (Tridipitta),  444. 
baudi  (Pitta).  414,  444. 
bellicosa    (Ilirundinea), 

195,  19G. 
bellicosus     (PitangU8), 

177. 
bellicosus  (Saurophagus), 

In. 
bellicosus   (Tyraimus), 

19(). 
bellulus  (Tyrannu.s),  40. 
bellus    (Myiobius),    199, 

207. 
bengulensis  (Bracli  varus), 

42;i 
bengalensis  (Corvus),  423. 
bengalensis  (Pitta),  423. 
berlep«»chi  (Phyllomyias), 

121.  123. 
bertffi  (Pitta),  419,  425. 
bicolor    (Fluvicola),    35, 

36. 
bicolor  (Muscicapa),  35. 
bicolor  (Platyrliynchus), 

35. 
Bigotillo,  67. 
bimaculata  (Muscipeta), 

224. 
bimaculatus     (Kmpido- 

nax),  216.  222,   224, 

225. 
Blacicus,  189,241. 
Black-cheeked    Thrush, 

410. 
blancoi  (Blacicus),  241, 

243. 
Bleohropus,  10. 
bloxami     (Phytotoma), 

406. 
bloxami  (SylTia),  106. 
boKOtenais    (Gontopus), 


i  (l^orannos). 


17. 
bolinana  (MuaoieMDaim), 

121,  134,  152. 
boliTianuB  (AttiU),  35a 
boliTianuB     (Pitmgus), 

174, 177. 
boliTianns  (Saurophagua), 

177. 
bolinanus  (l^ranniseua), 

130, 134. 
borealis  (Gontopus),  234, 

235. 
borealis  (Tyrannus),  234. 
boschi  (Euciobia),  446, 

447. 
boschi' (Pitta),  447. 
brachycerca  (Pitta),  423. 
brachyrhynchus  (Gonto- 
pus), 2.*J4,  236. 
brucliy  tarsus  (Gontopus), 

234,  240,  245. 
brachytarsus    (Empido- 
nax), 240. 
brachyura  (Citta),  423. 
brachyura  (M}'iothera), 

420. 
brachyura    (Pitta),  413, 

419,  423,  426.  427. 
Brachyurus,  413. 
brachyurus  (Corvus),  42Ji, 

427. 
brachyurus      (Merula), 

427. 
brachyurus  (Myiarchus), 

24(). 
bradiyurus  (Pipra),  303. 
brachyurus       (Tyran- 

neutes),  302,  303. 
brachyurus,  tar.  benga- 

leusis  (Corrus),  423. 
brachyurus.    Tar.    mada- 

gascariensis    (Gonrus), 

420. 
brachyurus,  var.   philip- 

{)en8i8  (Corvus),  438. 
brasiliensis  (Attila),  856, 

359,360. 
brasiliensis      (Paaritl 

329. 
brasiliensis  (TitymX  S% 

329. 
brasiliflDMi    (a>MmiitX 

180. 
Brtve  de  Malaeim  (I«), 

42S. 

Br6f0  irena,  427. 
2i 


brerieauda  (Coloburis),        oeruleiu     (Bncbjurua), 

438,  4I«. 

breiioauda  (MuMijtrallft),      colcaratm      (Tyrannu*), 


brerinoda    (Ochthilei), 

03. 
brsTiMudii  (Turdua),  438. 
brerirottria   (Cvolorhyn- 

obuR),  166. 
brsTJroatrn      (El&iDeB), 

122. 155. 
brerirostru  (Em  pidti  grti), 

165. 
braTiroatri*  (Hiueloapa), 

137. 
breTiro«ri>     (PhyUo- 

myiu),  121, 122. 
breriroatria    (PUtyfhjn- 

ehu.),  121. 
brerirMtria  (Ehynohoej- 

dua),  16fi,  166. 
Briaaonu,  409. 
brunnea  (HuBci*BziooU), 


bTunneicftpilluB      (Blaoi- 

cua),  241.  243. 
bnuineicspillua    (Trran- 

nulm),  128, 139. 

(Empido- 


n«).2 
bruntwu*    (Empidooas), 
3i!4. 

btioklevi     (Pliloofaloria), 

317.  31S. 
Buddinghia,  400. 
b..iljtoid«    (Oulidvora). 


OBllopaaria,  337. 
Cnbpitta,  414,  419. 
caloptera    (Formicict 


CBloptenilB      (Todiroa- 

trum),  69,  72. 
calopterua      (Mecocerau- 

lua).  27.  20,  30. 
c<i]Ta(Ampeli*).401. 
oIti  (Cnracina),  401. 
ciWiii  (Corvu.).  401. 
oalTiiB  {OTmnocepbaluB), 

401. 
Caljptomena.  455. 
Cilyptum.  372. 3M. 
Oainp>'iMtomai  125. 
cancromn       (PlaWrhjn- 

chna).  66,  67.  68. 
mnunnna  (Todus),  67. 
ranoroininiia  (PUKj-rhjD- 

chua).  M,  fid. 
0Bni1«i  (Chiromichteria), 

312,  314. 
etadffii  (Hanaoiu).  S14. 
cnndMi  iKpra),  314, 
saiiioepa   (Elftinra),  137, 

150. 151. 
oanioepi      (Tj-ranoula), 

(Mjiarchu.),253. 


OAribama,   Tar.  bia] 
letiBiB  (OonUipiia) 

(Contopus).  243, 
oamifei  (Ampelia). 

368. 
cwmifax    (Pbcenioe 


earni.on>a     (Tj-rai 

190, 
carolinernfa    (Tyra 

?67.  2«8. 
CarpodecC«a.  372,  3 
CarpomiB,  373, 


Carunculated   Cha 

403. 
carunciilatua     (Ct 

rbvnchiis).  4m. 
Cnsiornia.  K<li.  36.1 
CaBTnorhynohoe.  4( 

CMtanea  (Philepilij 
caatanoa  (Titvrn). 
casta  neua  (Turdiia) 
caatplnnQdi      (Hee 

phua).  192. 
cutelnaiidl   (Utue 

193. 
cnalelnaucii  'OnTcb 

cl.ua).  192, 
eaudiU'Uta      (Oalyi 


A£PHABinOAX  imiBX. 


475 


oayennenaiB  (Ampelit), 

386. 
oajennenfis  (Ojmnode- 

nu),402. 
cayeniieiiiis  (Mufoksapa), 

178. 
oajennensis  (Moseipeta), 

161. 
oaTennenns     (Myiose- 

tetM),  159, 160, 162. 
oayennensiB  (TyrannulaX 

162. 
oelebensis   (Braohyurus), 

436. 
oelebenids  (Erythropitta), 

436. 
odebensis    (Pitta),    432, 

436,437. 
Oentrites,  3,  60. 
Gentrophanes,  (K). 
CephalaniuB,  173. 
cephaloptera  (Coracina), 

Oephalopterus,  395,  398. 
cephalotea    (Myiarchus), 

247,264. 
Ceratopipra,  283.  2t<S. 
Ceratotriccus,  64,  85. 
Geroophiena,  «307. 
Oerrinipitta,  414. 
oeryiniventris  (Bhyneho- 

cydus),  243. 
Chasmorliyuchus,      395, 

403. 
Chatterer,  Carunculated, 

403. 
Chattft^rer,     Yariegated, 

405. 
CbelidiB,  372. 
chilenais    (Oohthocca), 

66. 
ohiriquensis     (Elainca), 

13o 
Ohirocylla,  349. 
Chiroiiiaohffiris,  283,  312. 
Chiroprion,  307. 
Chiroxipbia,  283,  307. 
ehlorion  (Heinipii>o),  285. 
ohlorion  (Piprites),  283, 

284.  285. 
cbloris    (Acanthidositta), 

451. 
ohloris     (Acanthisitta), 

451. 
cbloris  ^Hemipipo),  284. 
obloria  (Pipra),  284. 
cbloris   (Piprites),    283, 

284. 
cbloris  (Sitta),  451. 
cblorolepidota  (PipreoU), 

376. 


ehloromerM  (Piprft),  299; 

296. 
Chloropipo,  283,  286. 
Cbloropukris,  837. 
Gborreado  todo,  186. ' 
Cboucas  ohauTe  de  Oa- 

yenne,  401. 
chrysocepbalum  (Hetero- 

pelroa),  319,  322. 
chrysoocphalus    (Hyper- 
mitres),  188. 
chr}'80cepbalu8   (Mega- 

rhvnchiw),  187,  190. 
chrysocepbalus  (.Vfyiody- 

nastes),  182,  183.  187. 
cbrysocephaluB      (Pitnn- 

gu«j),  187. 
chry80ceplialus   (Scapho- 

rhynchus),  187. 
chrysoceplialu.s      iniuor 

(Myiodynaates),  187. 
clirvsjoceps     (Muscipetii), 

chrvsoceps      (Platyrliyn- 

clius),  :2(.)9. 
chrysoi'eps    (Tvniniiula), 

209. 
chrvaocbloris     (Museicu- 

pa).  41. 
clirysocpotaphun^    (IVkII- 

roBtruin),  09,  71. 
chrvsogiisfep  (Megarhvn- 

chus),  UK). 
Chrysoloplius,  52. 
cbrysopogon  (Pipra),  372. 
chrysops     (Tyranniecus), 

130,  135. 
clirysops      (Tvraiiiiiilus), 

i:;5. 
chrysoptera    (Ampelis), 

37:J. 
chrvsopteru   (Autioorys), 

2\il. 
chryooptera  (Pipra),  291 . 
clirvsoptepa(lHilnclilori8), 

373. 
chryBopterus       (Masius), 

290,291. 
Cbryeopt«ryx,  373. 
cinclioneti        (Conopias), 

173,  174. 
cincboneti  (Tyrannii8),41, 

174. 
cincta  (Ampelis),  383. 
cincta(Ootinga),382, 383, 

384. 
oinctus  (Ampelio),  376. 
dnctus  (Atnpelion),  873, 

376. 
oinctus  (Ampelis),  375. 
ciiioraoea  (Ajnptlis),  352. 


(IiilliT»),  862. 
cinentoeA  (Gtaqromii),  82, 

34. 
dneraeea  (l^fmnula),  34. 
oinerMwis      (Lipaugus), 

861,852. 
oinevMeas  (Myioohanes), 

246. 
cinerasoens       (Elainea), 

136. 
cinerasoens   (Musdcapa), 

356. 
cinerasoens    (Myiarchns), 

246,  248, 250. 
cinerasoens    (Paobyrhyn- 

chus),  333. 
cinerasoens   (Tyrannula), 

248. 
cinerea  (Ampelis),  352. 
cinerea    (Dauyoepbala), 

3<kJ. 
cinerea(£luinea).103,136. 
cinerea    (Latbria),     350, 

3.-)2. 
cinerea  (Muscicapa\  363. 
cinerea  (Muscis^ixicola), 

5.*5,  55. 
cinerea  (Pipra),  341. 
cinerea     (Serphophaga), 

102,  io;i. 
cinerea  (Tityni),  328. 
cinerea  (Tyrannula),  246. 
cinereicepH   (Cyclorbyn- 

chus).  109. 
cincrciceps      (Rbyncbo- 

cyclus),  165,  109,  170. 
cinereiceps  (Tyranniscus), 

Vk),  131. 
cinereiceps    (Tyrannula), 

lol. 
cinereicolle     (Todiroe- 

truni),  S8. 
cinereicollis    (Euscartb- 

cinercicollis    (Orcbilus), 

88. 
cinereigulare       (Onoos- 

tonia),  76,  77. 
cinereigulare     (Todirot- 

trum),  77. 
cinereiyentris      (Paohy- 

rbampbus),    SSS,  844, 

340,  34o. 
oinereocapilla    (Phyllis 

myias),  121. 
cineroum  (TodiroitnuDX 

69,  70,  71. 
dnereuii(AttilA),369, 863, 

864. 
oinersus  (Cnipol^pii),  48» 

47. 


ALPBABEXICAL  DIDKX. 


mnaraui  (Omtopui).  246. 

Mori>>«><Aii]peU*).367. 

eoiooua.  (Bn«b, 

108.104. 

oooein«  (Pipra).  368. 
coccip^^  (tit..).     429, 

423. 

ooronatui    (Hjiar 

ciDcrPu.    (ilrioobu«), 

431. 

ealedia  (Catingn).  382. 

211. 

coronalia      (PlUj 

246. 

CoU  rura  pardo  j  bUnco, 

chu.).  65. 

phu.],  338. 341. 

88. 

Colnud  de  Cajenno  (Le), 

211. 

oinereu*  (PlrtjAynchm), 

402. 

245. 

OolobuniB,  414. 

427. 

ciQoreu.  (ToduB).  69.  73. 

coronntui  {Tjnuin 

cinereu)  (Tricciu),  70. 

leteln).  162. 

G.™i»,  402. 

ciner8ui(Tjnmnus),  n. 

Colon,  50. 

einnamoiuM  (Miudpelk). 

colonuB  (Copuru.),  50. 

291. 

202. 

Corrdon,  458,  466. 

Coloptfcu.,  Hi,  90. 

corydon     (Eurjli 

303. 

Oolorhamphus,  101. 

4fti, 

coinaU  (Mtudcapa),  43, 

Cotinga,  .T72,  382. 

Cotiiiga  (Le),  382. 

202. 

43.44. 

■»'*"""""•' 

ooncinna   (Pilla),    420, 

thcBc),  19,  24,  25. 

4a;. 

CotmgablancdeCi 

cinnamomeiTBntri*  (Seto- 

concinnuB   (Br^hjuro.), 

403, 

ph>e«),  24. 

428. 

Cotinga  ixadri  (I* 

CoDapias,  109,  173. 

OotLiigB  de  CKjeni 

358. 

CotingB  des  Mbjjh 

30. 

Colinga  du  Brtiil. 

lUS,  202,  203. 

Cotinga  p«urpre  d 

rhamphui),  337,  342. 

culu.),  27. 30. 

enrfp,  387, 

CoQtopiu,  189,  234. 

colta  (Elainwi).  l.'i 

ciimamomeuB    (Pyirho- 

ContnmB«itre   eopatilln 

coaehi  (TjreDiius) 

a.ji«),  202. 

ordi>i>rio,  102. 

coiumdff  (AtiilBl, 

cni«Birottrii>tBrBch 

155. 

doK>   coroQB    amuiUa, 

427. 

148. 

Cirrhop.|.r,.,  265.  2P«, 

roo]MTi  iCoiiI.>iiiib).  ;J3l. 

cLtreoln    (AruodLnieoln). 

cuop..rilll,,.ei™pB),ya4. 

crLiwiroslm  '  ^iU 

65.                                    

coojjcpi  (Mjiupchus),  250, 

duHj.  271. 

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1 

ALPHABVnCAL  IVJOZ. 


477 


oriitata  (Oaljptara),  894. 
eristaU  (ElaiiMa),  142, 

143. 
cristata  (Motadlla),  91. 
cristata  (Museioapa),  1Q2. 
oristata  (Phibalura),  S72. 
cristata    (PhylloinyiBs), 

121. 
oriAtatellus    (Anaeretos). 

102. 
cristatus    (Blechropus), 

43. 
cristatus  (Colopterus),  91. 
cristatus  (Oxyrlijnchue), 

281. 
cristatus     (Pardalotiu), 

394. 
cristatus  (Phyllomyias), 

l«i4. 
cristatus  (Psaris),  a^*5. 
crooea  (Rupicola),  3(>0. 
Croaaudera,  458. 
Crow,  Bald,  401. 
cradelia  (I^rennus),  274. 
cruenta  (Muscicapa),  3^16. 
cruenta  (Querula).  300, 

397. 
cnientua    (Tbreuoedus), 

396. 
crypterrthrus  (Mjiobius), 

199,  210. 
cryptolopha     (Lathrin), 

360,354. 
cryptoxanthu8(M  viobius), 

199,  211. 
eucuUatii  (Am  pel  is).  374. 
oucullata(Colnburi8\  443. 
cucullata  (Melano])itta), 

443 
cucullata    (Pitta),    414, 

438.442. 
cucullata  (Procnias),  374. 
cucullatiis       (Aiupelio), 

374. 
cucullatua    (Ainpelion), 

373,  374. 
cucullatua  (Braclijurus), 

443. 
cucullatua    (Carpornis), 

874. 
cucullatua  (Cymbirhyn- 

chua),  465. 
cucullatiut  (Eurylacmua), 

465. 
Culiciyora,  64,  97. 
ounninghamii     (Guber- 

netea),  40. 
ounninghamii     (l^ran* 

bus),  41. 
cuprea  (Ampelia),  367. 
curaoria  (FluTioola),  96. 


onrtipei    (l^ynniiinlA), 
cimeri  (PntibjThpuhvm), 

dsa 

cunerii       (Vmobjrham- 

phua),  339. 
euTierii  (Paaria),  338. 
cyanea  (Eudchla),  417. 
cyanea    (Qigantipitta), 

417. 
cyanea  (Pitta),  414,  417. 
cyaneocapilla      (Pipra), 

292.  293,  299. 
cyaiieuB   (Bracbyurua), 

417. 
cyanirostris  (Cnipolegus), 

42,  44,  4(5. 
cyanirostris  (Muscicapa), 

46. 
cyanirostris  (Sericoptila), 

46. 
cyanonota      (Erylbro- 

pittii),  43.'). 
cyaimnota   (Pitta),   432, 

cvanonotus  (Brachyurus), 

'  4.T), 

Cyanopittn,  414. 
cvauoptera    (Coluburis), 

"  420. 
cvanoptera   (Pitta),  419, 

'  420,  422. 
cyarioptcrus       (Bracliy- 

uru8),  420. 
Cyan  Otis.  lOO. 
cyanura  (Euoicbla),  445, 

440,  447. 
cyanura  (Myotbera),  445. 
cyanura  (Pitta),  445. 
cvanurus  (Turdus),  445. 
C\  bernctcp,  3.  40. 
Cy  clorhyncb  us,  165. 
Cymbirhynchus,  4(58. 
Cymborbyncbus,  4ri8, 468. 

dalbousiflg  (Crossodera), 

459. 
dalbousiae   (Eurvlaimus), 

458,  450. 
dalbousiu>  (Psarisomus), 

458. 
Dasycephala,  358. 
Dasyncetopa,  292. 
Daayopeia,  358. 
davisoni    (Brachyurus), 

417. 
delicioaa  (Pipra),  905. 
delicioaus     (Maduero- 

ptenia),  304, 905, 906. 
deoi]rearirofltria(Ooiitcipii0), 


d0ri)iaiini(Pite]igiia),  17^ 
175. 176. 

derbumus  rofliMnnis  (Pi- 

tangua),  175. 
Beapotea,  277. 
deapotes      (Muaoioapa), 

274. 
diadema  (Meooooooliis), 

26. 
diadema  (Myiobiua),  26. 
diadema  (Ochthosca),   19, 

26. 
diadema     (Tyrannnla), 

26. 
difficilis     (Empidonax), 

222  229. 
digglesi  (Pitta),  437. 
diinidiatus    (Pachyrham- 

plius),  340. 
diops  (lleraitriccus),  91. 
diops  (Muscicapa),  91. 
diops  (Tod i rostrum),  91. 
Dixipbia,  292. 
Doliornis,  372,  390. 
dominicana  (Muscicapa), 

Ot, 

dominicana     (Pepoaza), 

13. 
dominicana  (To^nioptera), 

11,  13,  14. 
dominicanuR  (Muscicapa), 

13. 
dominicanus  (Tyrannus), 

13. 
dominicensis     (Laniua), 

272. 
dominicensis    (Melittar- 

cbus),  272. 
dominicensis  (Muscicapa)^ 

dominicensis       (Myiar- 

cbus),  247,  260. 
dominicensis    (Sayomia), 

dominicensis       (Tyran- 

nulufl),  272. 
dor^alis       (PachyrhaiB- 

phus),  344,  345. 
dorsalis  (Sylvia),  61. 
Drymonaz,  267. 
dubiua    (Pyrooephalia), 

214.  215. 
dupontii       (Flatjrii^- 

chui),  938. 

eoamneiilatiu    (dumno- 

rhniokus),  404. 
iWiwnilnin(Todiroitram), 

oo,  o9. 


eoaadatua  (Orahilui),  88 

89. 
edwnnlni       (Mnnaoui), 

313. 
edmrdni  (Pipn),  313. 
BIm'im.  13ft. 
EUinem  109,  136. 
Elainu  ep.,  147. 


elattt  (Pipra),  129. 
'  -41  (SjlTi*),  128. 

IB  (l^raaDiilus).  12a 


«UtaO 


elc«Bn>(imp«li>),  381. 
elciuw  (EluDoi),   US, 

150,  151. 
titgmt  (HiMcieapa),  148. 
(ilBR>n>  (PipreoU).  377, 

Bl^an!9  (PittJi),  427,  447. 
tleguia  (Rupicola),  3(19, 
slpguig  (Verniivo™).  108. 
eUioU    (Buciobla),  445, 

448. 
ellioH  (Pitia),  448. 
emiliiB  (lodopleum),  393. 
Empidiiera.  l09, 151. 
Empidiu.  189.  204. 
Empidoclianeq,  189,  21A. 
Empidonu,  189,221. 
Empidonsi  sp.,  22-). 
EmpidoDomiu,  189,  265. 
Entomophagui,  35. 
Erator.  328. 
errthroceph&U  (Ptprs), 

395,29(1. 
erjtlvnaercuB     (Myiai^ 

cbus),  250,  251. 
ervUirooprcim.rsr  coojieri 

"—   ■  rohuj),  25(J. 


ALFHIBETIOAL  IITDEX. 


erjtliropt  erti(Ty  nuinula), 

159. 
erythropMrua        (Mjio- 

tetetea),  159. 
erytbrop7gia     (Tsnio- 

pur.;. ». 

erjtbropjgiuB   (Myiothe- 

retee),  8.  9. 
erythrorhjnchua  (Obr;- 

•optBrjx),  373. 
erjthrur.   (TjrannuU), 

aw. 

wjtbruriie    (Myiobiui), 

198,203. 
EuRhlornis,  376- 
EuohbrorDii,  376. 
EuoicblB,4t2,  44.i. 
euleri    (Empidoo  bancs), 

221. 
Bulopogon,  403. 
eupogon(MLUoicapa),199. 
EupailostouiB,  97. 
EurjberaUB.  458,  463. 
EuryUimui,  H'a. 
EueoarthmiM,  64,  78. 
ExBtsaUB,  328. 
Eie(»tui,  32a 


fgmigiiKia    C^^raj 

209. 
femigineioepa   (El 

2(t7. 
rerriigineuB  (M^ai 

19.'i. 
ferrugiaeiii  (Todue 
Piguier  liupe  de  Ca 

filiniudtt    (Oirrhip 

filicauda     (Cirrho 

289. 
fliioauda  (Oiipuni*] 
Slicaudn  |  Pipral.  '2 
HIi  Cauda  (  Pint  Trbfi 

50. 
fllicAuduta    (Teleo 


fliitni 


lioeps    ( 


200. 
flaintiiiceps     (Oiyi 

pbus),  280,  2S1, 
flamirifpps      (Oxy 

i-bi»).  281. 
flaiumulatus  (lit ill 
flHininulalus  (Mj-ifi 

247,  2(W- 
flKTeola      (Cap^iei 

120. 
flsTaoU  (Chiromac 

312.  315. 
flareoU       (Huaci 


fallal    (Elainea),     137. 


ALPHABRICAL  IHDBX. 


479 


flaTinueha     (MuicuAxi- 

cola),  53»  57. 
flaTirostris     (Amphibo- 

lura),  872. 
flaTirostris    (AsfBretcs), 

106.108. 
fla¥ir(Mtris  (Phibalara), 

372 
flaYitinoto  (Pipra),  315. 
flaTiTenter    (Crclorbyn- 

chus),  171. 
flaTiTentre      (Campto- 

stoma),  126. 
flaYitentris  (Alecturus). 

H. 
flayi^eiitris    (Arundini- 

oola),  94. 
flaTiTentris  (Enipidonax), 

222,  229.  230. 
flaTiTentris    (Euacarth- 

mus).  94,  95. 
flaTiTentris    (Hapolocer- 

ous),  93,  94,  95. 
flaTiTentris   (Muscipeta), 

171. 
flaTiTentris    (Platjrliyn- 

ohus),  120. 
flaviTentris      (Rhjncho- 
cycliis),  165,  171.  172. 
flaviTentris  (TyranniUa), 

119,  230. 
flaTiTentrifl.  \ar.  difficilis 

(Empidonax).  229. 
flaYiTertex  (Elainea),  137. 

151. 
flaTiveriex    (Heterocer- 

cus),  324,  325. 
flaviTertex    (Muscisaxi- 

cola),  57, 
flaTO-mnerea    (PlijUos- 

cartes),  101. 
flaTO  cinerea    (Stigma- 
.     tura),  100,  101. 
flavo-oliTaoeuB  (RbjDcho- 
cydus),  168,  109,  170. 
flaTOTirens  (Leptopogon), 

115.  119. 
flaTUS  (Gorvus),  176. 
flaTus   (Megarhyncbns), 

178. 
.  fluriatilis     (Mutfcisazi- 

oola).  54.  59. 
FluTicoIa,  3,  35. 
flycatcber,    Wbiskered. 

199. 
foetida  (Ooradna).  402. 
foetida  (Graoula),  402. 
fiBtidus   (Oymnodems), 

402. 
forficata  (Musdoapa), 
279. 


forficatm  (Gubernetea), 

41. 
forfloatus  (li]lTulnB),277, 

279. 
formosa  (Ampelis),  378. 
formosa   (Euobloromis), 

378. 
formosa  (Pipreola),  376, 

378. 
formosa    (Pyrrborbyn- 

cbus),  378. 
forsteni    (Bracbyurus), 

442. 
forsteni   (Melanopitta), 

442. 
forsteni    (Pitto),    438, 

442. 
frantzii    (Elainea),    137, 

145.  146. 
fraseri  (Tityra),  3.32. 
fraserii  (Psaris).  332. 
frater    (Oxyrhaiiiphus), 

281. 
fniter    (Qxyrbvuchus), 

281. 
fnizari  (Contopus),  242. 
fringillaris     (Enipido- 

chanes),  21(5,  224. 
frontnlis     (Euchlorniei), 

379. 
frontalis  (Pipreola),  370, 

379. 
frontalis  (Ptyomira).  55. 
fuliginosa   (Muscicapa), 

245. 
fuliginosa   (Planchesia), 

245. 
fulva  (Alauda),  01. 
fuka  (Muj^cisaxicola).  (>1. 
fulviceps  (Eusearllunue), 

1)4. 
fulvicrps  (Hopalocereus), 

93. 1)4. 
fulvilrons    (Empidonax), 

fulTifrons  (Mitrephorus), 

222. 
fulvifrons   (Muscicapa), 

222. 
fulrifrons      pallescens 

(Empidonax),  223. 
fuhif  rons  pallesoens  (Mi- 

trepbanes),  222. 
fulTifrons  pyjemseus  (Em- 
pidonax), 223. 
fulTifrons  pygmseuB  (Mi- 

trepbanes).  223. 
fnlrirrons   rulnoundiui 

(Smpidonaz),  222. 
ftilTifrona  mbieundus 

(BfttnnbaiM).  2S8. 


fulTifiroiMt  Tar.  pallaaoena 

(Mitrephoms),  22S. 
folTipeotus   (Qyoloriijn- 

ehus),  187. 
fulTipeotua  (Empidonax), 

2^  23a 
ftdripectus  (Bbyndu>- 

oyclusX  165. 167. 
fulTus  (Anthus),  61. 
f omioolor  (OcbthcBoa),  18, 

19,20. 
fumifrons  (Eoscartbmus), 

78,  79. 
fumifrons  (Todirostrum), 

79. 
fumigata     (Ocbtboeca), 

17. 
fumigata    (Tyrannula), 

17. 
fumigatus   (Myiobius). 

17. 
fumigatus  (Ocbtbodista), 

16,  17. 
funebris  (Copurus).  50. 
f urcata  (Muscicapa),  274. 
furciitum  (Todirostrum), 

85. 
furcatus  (Ccratotriccus), 

8f). 
f  u  rcat  us      (Ty  rannus), 

274. 
fusca  (Ampelis),  303. 
fu^CA     (Casioruis),    365, 

3()6. 
fusca  (lodopleura),   392, 

fu«?a  (Muscicapa).  246, 

2t>4. 
fueiata  (Muscipeta),  216. 
fuscatus  (Empidocbanes), 

2ir>,224. 
fuscatus  (Myiobius).  216. 
f uscicapilla  (M  usoicapa) , 

20. 
fuscicapillus     (Copurus), 

51. 
fuscocinerea    (Latbria), 

350,  351. 
fuscocinerea  (Querula), 

350. 
fuscocinereus  (Idpaugiu), 

350. 
fusoo-rufus     (Oebtho- 

disBta).  17, 18. 
ftiscuB  (Aulanax).  204. 
fuscus  (EmpidiafX  201, 

264. 
f uioas  (Mriarahua),  264. 
fosotts  (rUtnkjndkuB), 

65. 
fnamw  (SajorniaX  264. 


gabtn    (Pitangus),    175. 

180. 
gaimardi  (EIain<<a),  137. 

150,  lal.  182. 

gBimardi   (Muscicapm), 

160. 
galeata  (AnCilopMa\  290. 
galwCa  (Uetopis),  2<H). 
galeata(UoUcilU),  91. 
gsle&ta  (HuBcicnpa).  43. 
nlMta    (Pipra).    290, 

321. 
inleatuB  (Ooloptenu).  67, 

90,91. 
QslUta,38. 
O&UiU),  39. 
B»offivji    (Philepitta). 

410, 
OinntipitU,   413,    414, 

gigu  (ELaincB),  136,  140. 
g™  (Pitta).  417. 
gilTiTentriB     (Aoanthi- 

■itto),  4'>3. 
silriTnitris   {Xeoicui), 

452,453. 
gUber  (SuUecHtui),  157, 

168. 
gUbrieoUi*    (Oephalo- 

pteni«),  399,  400. 
ffnktho  (Huwioapa).  271. 
Qobe-mouche  k   poitrine 

btdbcUe    de   C^jenne, 

ao9. 

Gobe-mouohe    brim    de 

Oa;uine,  245. 
Oobe-nouehe  huppi   de 


ILPHABBTICAI.  INDEX. 

graoilia    (Binpidunai), 

227. 
Orakle,     Bars-necked, 

403. 

graiudenw     (Todi  ros- 
trum), 82. 
gr.iniideaBia    (C 


graiuuteosis      (Euecarth- 

mus).  7H,  82,  83. 
granadenaM     (Mvioifl- 

t«tee>,  159.  1G3.  164. 
granadensia  (Pyroderus), 

397.  39S. 
gntnatiDB  (Erjthropitta), 


.at™    (Pitta),    414, 


grandia    (Mjioutetea), 


gratioiue  (HeoocerculuH), 

26. 
Great -billed  Tod;.  46S. 
grieea    (Hiuoiniioola), 

.53,  by 
griiiea  (Serpophe^^),  103. 
gri  leifepi  (Flijlloiii)'iaii), 

131. 
griseioeps  (Piprites),  283, 

285. 

(Tyra 


grierus    {UeliUai 

272. 
griBfiuB{  Paohr  rtuu 

341. 

griseiu  (Tyrannui 

271.  272,  273. 

*     a  (Pitta).  4 

IB  (TurduB 

izte      <Po( 

triocusi,  f    "■■ 


guaianu, 
giialaquii 


gual: 


.    (! 


phagus),  175. 
aubrraaeg,  40. 
guianenais  (Uj-ioi 


guira-jelapa  (P«al 

40. 
gulare  (Tudiroetru 
gularis    (Eusoirtli 

78,  81,  8  J. 
gulariB  (Muscicape 
gumpji  (Eucichla 

448. 


giiKatuin  (Todirtw 

(19.  71.  73. 
gutturaltsiAeriori 
guttural  is     (Coroj 


AXiPHABxrioiL  nnxn:. 


481 


hsBmatodeB       (Basj- 

oephala),  985. 
hsmatodes  (MqioicMs), 

865. 
hammondi  (Brnpidonaz), 

222,232. 
hammondix  (Tjminuk), 

232. 
Hapalooeroos,  84,  03. 
Hapalum,  97. 
haMlota      (MuBcioapa), 

Heilieura,  311. 

heinei      (Pyrrhomyias), 

202. 
Heleornii,  413. 
Helicura,  283,311. 
Helioohera,  372,  31K). 
helTiTentris  (Hapalocer- 

oub),  93. 
hemichiysus     (Hyper- 
mitres),  188. 
hemichrysus    (Myiody- 

nastes),  183,  188. 
Heraipentbica,  10. 
Hemipipo,  283. 
Hemitnocus,  64,  91. 
herbacea  (Pipra),  299. 
heterooeroa    (Cirrhopi- 

pra),  289. 
heterooeroa  (Pipra),  289. 
Heterocercus,  317,  324. 
Heteropelma,  317,  318. 
Hiruninea,  180.  195. 
hirundinaceuB   (Platy- 

rhynchu8),  19(5. 
hispaniolensis  (Blacicus), 

241,  242. 
hlBpaniolensis    (Conto- 

pus),  242. 
hiepanioleDBis    (Tyran- 

nula),  242. 
holerythruB    (Lipaugus), 

366,357. 
holochlora  (Chloropipo), 

286,287. 
holospodia       (Teenio- 

ptera),  11, 14. 
homochrouB      (Hadro- 

BtomuB),  333, 334,  335. 
hoinoohroiiB(Pachyrham- 

phuB),  334. 
horsfieldi    (Eurylaimus), 

463. 
horsfieldi       (Flatyrhyn- 

ohoB),  468. 
hudBoni  (Oiiipoleffiis),42, 

45  46. 
UydioniM,  418^  414w 
Hyloooniikk  888. 
HypeimitTCi)  188, 

YOL.ZIT. 


hypogUuiotw   (Oxyrimn* 

phu8),  281,  282. 
hypoleaeA     (Serpho- 

phaga),  10%  104. 
hyjDOpjrrha     (AmpdiB), 

hypopyrrha  (Aulia),  854. 
hyponyrrha  (Laniooen) 

554. 
hypopynrhuB  (LipaugUB), 

hypopyrrhuB      (Ptilo- 

chloriB),  354. 
hypoBpodia    (Elainea), 

137,  144. 

icterophryB    (Fluyicola), 

41. 
ioterophrys  (Muscicapa), 

41. 
icterophrys      (Myiozete- 

tes).  162. 
icterophrys     (Sisopygis), 

41. 
icterophrys  (Sulriri),  41. 
icterophrys      (Tcenio- 

ptera),  41. 
Ictiniscus,  49. 
igniceps    (Heteropelma), 

319, 322. 
Ilicura,  311. 
illigcri  (Triccus),  71. 
imborbe  (Camptostoma), 

I2rj. 

imberbe  (Ornithion),  109, 

125,  120.  127. 
imberbe  ridgwayi  (Orni- 
thion), 127. 
immundus      (Lipaugus), 

356,  357. 
impiger    (Euscarthmus), 

78.84. 
impiacens  (Elainea),  149. 
improbus   (Tjranniscus), 

130,  133. 
inca  (TjTannus),  206. 
incanesccns  (Mu8ci[)eta), 

127,  158. 
incanescens    (^lyiopatis), 

123.  120. 
incaneBcenfl    (Ornithion), 

126. 
IncaneBoenB  (Sublegatus), 

158. 
inoompta  (Elainea),  186. 
inoompta     (Muaeici^), 

102. 
inenne  (Ornithion),  125» 

128. 
inonuite  (OonopiM),  178^ 

Xtnm 


inomata    (Hufoioapft), 

inornKhi  (Pitta),  484. 
inomatoa  (Bnacarthmus), 

78,84. 
inomatoa   (MyiosetetOB), 

174. 
uiquifitor(ExetaBteB),881. 
inquisitor  TLaniuB),  831. 
inquisitor  (PsariB),  831. 
inquisitor  (Tityra),  828, 

331. 
insolens    (Agriomis),    4, 

7,8. 
insularis      (Platypsaris), 

333. 
interinedius  (Paohyrham- 

phuB),  343. 
intrepidus    (Tyrannus), 

207. 
lodopleura,  372,  390. 
iracMmda     (Ceratopipra), 

288. 
iracunda  (Pipra),  288. 
irena  (Brachyurus),  427. 
irena   (Pitta),   420,  427, 

428. 
Iridipitta,  414,  444. 
iris  (Brachyurus),  444. 
iris  (Pitta),  438,  444. 
irritabilis    (Myiarchus), 

251. 
irritiibilis     (Tyrannufl), 

248,  251. 
irupero  (Fluyicola),  14. 
irupero  (IIomii)entliica), 

14. 
irupero  (Pepoaza),  14. 
irupero  (Tasnioptera),  10, 

11,  13,  14. 
irupero  (Tyrannus),  13. 
Isabel  \vd    (lod  opleura), 

392,  393,  394. 
isidori  (Philenitta),  410. 
isidori  (Pipra),  293,  298. 

jala     (PhUepitta),    409, 

410, 
jala  (Phyllomis),  410. 
jak  (Turdua),  410. 
jardinii  (Psaris),  831. 
Javan  Tody,  463. 
javaniouB    (Eurylflmoa), 

463. 
je]Blni'(OohthoBoa),  22. 
|oaieiro  flCuieioapa),  SQ» 
joooaa  (Knaoieapa),  161 
juamda  (Pipveola),  9X7, 

881. 


ILnUBBlCAL  m>BX. 


La{)topogaii,  (p.  iiM 
LeplMneciM.  64,  9 


.•.3,48. 
bclor  (LMHiim),  lit 
lietor  (PUugia),  17 


]atrma±ji    (CnipolegM), 


lanwllipnniii     (Xipho- 

Um).  387, 388, 389. 
Uac«oljkte  (Ohiroiipiua), 


leiKockpilla  (Piprs),  297. 
IcDcoocphsU     (Arundi- 

nioola),  37. 
leaeocephala    (Dili phis). 


.3M. 
I«ph;etM,  267. 
lapUeii  (Iodoplegnt)jg3. 
Upl«9i(Pipra),393. 
Ul«ra]u  (AulU),  SM. 
UtMklu  (LnwuEui),  351. 
LathrU.  S49,  SM. 
SM. 


eap«),  37. 
UamcepboU  (Pipn),  37. 
leucocepliiiluj      (Hit>- 

uectM),  37. 
UncoeilU       (Miucipeta), 

60. 
UnoodUa   (Fiprm),    292, 

2B3,  2B7. 
IsDOomter    (Oomu), 

kuoogsKter      (Fadiy- 
rhTncbui),  341. 

1 ._      (l^ruaDIW), 


Istiroitrii    (Contopiu), 

244. 
l«tira*lrU     (BuHutb- 

miu),  78,  81. 
UUroitrii    (Hldrotto- 

tniu),  S96. 
lalirotrii    (Hjiobiu*), 

244. 
Ittinwtri*    (PaobrrfaMii- 
'  Hi).  330. 

I    {Platjipiari*). 


leueOgOD^B  (l^TBOtUMUl), 

130,  136, 
leuoometopa  (Ochthaca). 

19,  21,  22. 
leuconotiu      (Oopuruj), 

£0,  fil. 
UuconotuB  (Ti^rnJ,  334. 
leiioophrji     (^unooln). 


lineam  {Pipra),  30! 
linnU  <Pipra).  3CM 
linteata    ( Elsnea ). 

325. 
linteatiu    (Heteroo 

32i. 
lipaugiu,  319,  356. 
litloralis  (EUinta), 
littornlii      (Ochthi 

31. 
liTida  (Agrioraia), 

6. 
Imda  (Dsaycephala 
lirida  (Fepoaza),  4. 
liTidua    (Thaoinop 

longicauila  (Obtroii 

311. 
loneicauda    (Miud 


longipenni*  (Muadi 

49. 
longipH      (Acaalh 

453. 


ilUPHABBXIOAL  IMBKK. 


483 


lugubrii    (Mebmpitta), 

449. 
lugabris    (OohthoduBtaX 

17. 
liigubris  (PittaX  ^d. 
lunatni      (BiurjlaimiitX 

460. 
lunatuA      (PtiloehlofiiX 

317. 
limatuB  (Sarilophitt),  460. 
lonulatus     (Seriloplius), 

460. 
lunalatus  (Turdus),  410. 
luteiTentris      (EleniBa), 

164. 
luteiTentris   (Myiodynas- 

tee),  182, 183.  184. 
luteiTentris  (MjiocetAtes), 

159,264. 
luteocephala  (Musoicapa), 

323. 

MacbieropteruB,     283, 

303. 
Jdachetomia,  3,  52. 
macilvainii  (Elainia),  150. 
mackloti     (Bracfayurus), 

437. 
mackloti   (Erythropitta), 

437. 

mackloti  (Pitta),  413, 432, 

436,  437. 
macloviana     (Muscieaxi- 

oola),  53,  56. 
maoloTiana     (Ftjonura), 

56. 
maoloTiana  (SyMa),  56. 
macrorbyncha      (Pitta), 

438. 
macrorhynchus  (Cymbo 

rhynchus),    454,    408, 

470. 
macrorhynchus   (Todus), 

468. 
macroums  fasciatus  (Tur- 
dus), 420. 
maoulatum     (Todiros- 

trum),  69,  7a  74. 
maculatus    (Platyrhyn- 

chus),  73. 
maculatus  (Todus).  73. 
maculiroetris  (Muscisaxi* 

cola),  54.  59,  60. 
maoulirottris  (Ftyonom), 

59. 
madagaacariansia      (Cor- 

Tua),  420. 
madagaacarienas     aurift 

(Morula),  410. 
madagaaoarienflli     marm 

(Tardiu),4ia 


midboxaaa  (Pitta),  488^ 

441. 
nkaforeana  (Pitta),  441. 
maforeDoa  (Pitta),  441. 
mafliter     (Mjiuohus), 

macmanimns  (Ljnimiu), 

magniroatria    (Empido- 

nax),262. 
maeniroatris    (Melittar- 

<ttus),  27a 
magniroatris  (Myiarchus), 

247,  262. 
maguirostris  (Myiobius), 

262. 
magnirostris  (Pitta),  427. 
maguirostris  (Tyrannus), 

267,  273. 
major       (Bathmidurus), 

346. 
major  (Pachvrhamphus), 

im,  .'MO,  347. 
major  (Psaris),  346. 
major  (Scbiffomis),  322, 

323. 
malaci^nBis  (Brachy  urus), 

420. 
malaccenHis  (Coloburus), 

420. 
malacceDKis  (Oymbirhyn- 

chus),  468. 
malncceiiBis   (Pitta),  420, 

423,  439,  443. 
malaccensis    (Turdus), 

423. 
Manacus,  312. 
manncus    (Chiromacliae 

ris),  312.  313,  315. 
manacua  (Pipra),  313. 
Manakin  k  tele  noire  de 

Cayenne,  313. 
Manakin  cendr6  de  Ca- 
yenne, 341. 
Manakin  du  Bresil,  313. 
margaritaceiventer    (Eu- 

scarthmus),  78,  80. 
margaritaceiventer  (Todi- 

rostrum),  80. 
margaritaoeiTentris  (Trio- 

cus),  80. 
marginata     (Musoipeta), 

347. 
marginatus     (Bathmidu- 
rus). 347. 
marginatus    (DioniniaX 

nuuwiiMtaa  (TnAjAMBk' 
pSu),Mtw. 


mMjriiMtiia  (PludijiliTii- 

ohiia),a47. 
HMffgiiiatiia  (Shynohoey* 

duaXiea 
margmatua  (Todaa)^  847. 
manrinatua  major  (Pjpa- 

ria).ai6. 
margiuatua  triatli  (Paa- 

ria),345. 
maritima  (Agriomia),  4, 

6,7. 
maritima  (Pepoaza),  6. 
martinica  (Elainea),  136, 

141. 
martinica     (Musdeapa), 

141. 
martinica     (TyrannulaX 

141. 
martinieana    criatata 

(Muscicapa),  141. 
martinicensis    (BlaciouB)| 

241. 
Masius,  283,  290. 
mason  i  (Pyroderus),  397. 
mathilda  (Pitte),  426. 
niatutinus     (Tyrannus), 

272. 
maxima     (Gigantipitta), 

419. 
maxima     (Leucopitta), 

419. 
maxima  (Pitta),  419. 
maximiliani     (Pitangua), 

176,  177. 
maximiliani     (Saurophar 

g"8),  176. 
maximus     (Brachyiirua), 

419. 
maximus  (Psaris),  329. 
maynana  (Ampelis^,  386. 
maynana  (Cotmga),  382, 

;i86. 
Mecocerciilus,  3,  27. 
megacepbala(Tyrannula), 

170, 
mcgacephalus    (Pachy- 

rhynchus),  33a 
mcgacephalus  (Bhynoho- 

cyclus),  170,  171. 
megaoephalua    (Todna), 

88. 
Megalophua,  191. 
megarhyncha  (Pitta),419, 

421. 
Hegariiyndiiia,  180 
megarhynehua  (Bnolmi- 

raaX421. 
Mitgaatmna,  180L 
MaSmpUfts,  44a 
meiinonolieya    (Liplno- 
taaX274.         ^^ 
2x2 


4M 

AU-SABETICAL  IHDKX. 

^H 

nm).  267.  273.  ^Tft. 

153. 

.,„„a.p«p.^.,,n.. 

ranni..).  274. 

23f). 
mosorhjnchua  (Bhynobo- 

minor  <Quemln),  337. 

374. 

evdua),  1.HS. 

minor  (SehiffomU).  323. 

phui).  309. 

Motopia.  283. 290. 

minor  (TjranQiu),  251. 

MelopotJu-ii,  283.292. 

Ui0DTCl«,  109,   111. 

ine»«uu(ElKiiia}.  162. 

mitrstua  (Laaius).  341. 

^^K           438. 

me^euoa    (Mu««™r>). 

mitratua  (pHolijthun- 

m.  193.  194. 

ph«*).  Ml. 

^^V           300. 

MflrepbanOB,  189,  218. 

roeiicana    (TyraoniilB), 

Milrephoru^  218. 

442. 

250. 

modesO  (Elainea),  142. 

modesta  (Euphone).  31)2. 
modeeta      (MuKapeUw), 

Uo),  374. 

d.u«),  100, 

mel>iince|>haliui    (Anipe- 
lion),  3^3. 374. 

163. 

247.240,250,301,256, 

260. 

120. 

ni.),  374. 

meuBanui     (MyiobiuB). 

DieUnoopphiJu*   (Pschy- 

200. 

mo>rta  (Tn^niopteml.  14. 

rhyncbus),  328. 

meifcauiu    (Mjionia), 

mulina  (PhjUHoioa).  406. 

niw.),  574. 

249. 

ni«),  420, 

mo1ucce(.Bi«  (Pitla).  414. 

GO. 

lus),  211,213. 

420, 

meUnoeephalu.  (Triocufl), 

70, 

chu.t,  190. 

420. 

meiicanu*    (TjrannuB), 

monnchn  (Mnscipeul,  60. 

ni.).  378. 

279. 

monaebuB     {MiWuliu), 

277. 

^^^B             370. 377. 378. 381. 

arehiis),  250. 

iiionai-hiii      (Tyrannus), 

277. 

^^H             ru»].340. 

Qiileo  (El»nra),  161, 

iDontsna  (Agriomis).  4,6. 

^^V        HoUnoptto.  414,  43S. 

milei  (MuBciopa),  62. 

montina  (rcpoiaal.  B. 
muelleri      (Braohyiu™). 

4.19, 
muellBri  (OolobHri»).4S9. 

8S. 

miiitoris  (Ohiroiiphitt), 

311. 
mibUria  (Oor»ciaa),  395. 

melofypbus   (Eusearth- 

muelleri     (Melsnopitta), 

mun).  93. 

395. 

439. 

meloryphuB    (Hapalocer- 

militaru(Hnlicura),311. 

muelleri  (Pitta).  438. 439. 

cniO.  03,  94, 

militariB(aalicu™).3U. 

440, 

raiUUri.{Dicura),3Il. 

multiwilor  (Toditoflriiin). 

m. 

mililAri»(Pipr»).  311. 

75. 

militarie  (Quenila),  395. 

66. 

murina(PBpo«ii),  15. 

meDtalii    (.Pipra),   203, 

395. 

murina(Pjrop«).  16. 

295. 

MilTuluB.  188, 277. 

meaUlis  (Ptronura),  56. 

miDimXHabrure),  96. 

11,  15.          •'       '     "• 

MorU  de  Bongale.  427. 

mimina  (Hnpslura),  fltl. 

mnrinuB  ( PIuljTbynchiw). 

Merle  do  U  OiimnB,  44fi. 

minima  (Ti^ro),  96, 

123. 

Marie  de.  Moluques,  420. 

minima  (Tyrannula),  227. 

murinua       (Sublepttta), 

Merle    dea     Phiiippinofc 

158, 

438, 

222,227. 

Mvrledor^  de  Modueaa- 

MuMipet-o,  191, 

SflP  (1*).  410. 

phu.),  96. 

Merle  vert  del  Moluqi.M 

mininiiis.   var.  pectomlit 

MuHiiuiicola,  3,  63. 

(I*),  437. 

(Empidonw),  227. 
minor  (CnipodecU»),  197. 

merremii  (Anipeli*),  368. 

Mjiookptas,  na 

Mfsange  huppte  de  Oi- 

minor  (HodroilomUB), 

Mjiarehui^  180. 246. 

jenu^  138. 

333,  337- 

MyiobiuB,  189,  108. 

AZfHABRIOAL  nrDBC* 


485 


Myioohan^  189, 24& 
Myiodynastes,  109, 182. 
Mjiopatis,  109,  12S. 
Myiophila,  36,  S7. 
Mjiophobiu,  198. 
MyioBympotet,  98. 
MyiotheretoB,  S,  8. 
Myioiete.  159. 
MyiosetetM,  109, 159. 
Myothera,  418. 
mystaoea  (FluTioola),  36. 
tnystaoea    (Musoioapa), 

36. 
mystaoeus    (Entomopha- 

gu»),36. 
mystaoeus  (Platyrhyn- 

chus),  65,  66,  67. 
mystax  (MuBcicapa),  36. 

nsBTia  (Muflcioapa),  209. 
nffiviuf   (Myiobius),  198, 

199,  208,  209,  210. 
xufiviua    (Myiophobus), 

209. 
nsvius  (Psaris),  328. 
nana  (Lawrencia),  233. 
nanus  (Empidonax),  233. 
nanus       (Pyrooephalus), 

211,  212.  214,  215. 
nasica  (KroUa),  469. 
nasutus  (Gymbirbynchus), 

468. 
nasutus    (Eurylaemus), 

469. 
nasutus  (Platyrhynchus), 

468. 
nasutus  (Todus),  468. 
nation!  (Myiobius),  204. 
nattereri  (Ootinga),  382, 

385. 
nattereri     (Pipra),    293, 

802. 
nattererii  (Ampelis),  385. 
nattererii  (Psaris),  331. 
nengeta  (FluTicola),  11. 
nengeta  (Lanius),  11. 
nengeta  (Muscicapa),  36. 
neneeta  (Tsnioptera),  10, 

nengeta  (Xolmis),  11. 
Nengetus,  10. 
Neopelma,  317,  323. 
Neopipo,  283,  303. 
nepalensis  (Gigantipitta), 

415. 
nidipendulns   (Eiuoarth- 

mus),  78,  79. 
niger    (Bathmidanit), 

844. 
niger  (OeniriteaX  0%  61, 

62. 


niflw  (Hadvortomiu)p 

niger  (Lanius),  834. 
niffer  (Fteh^rhamphnt), 

834,   837,   338,    848, 

344. 
niger    (Paohyrhynohiia), 

843. 
niger  (Psaris),  844. 
niger  (Zetetes),  844. 
nigerrima  (Ada),  43,  44. 
nigerrima     (Brissonia), 

410. 
nigerrima  (Fluvicola),  44. 
nigerrima     (Muscicapa), 

43. 
nigerrima     (Sericoptila), 

43. 
nigerrimus  (Onipolegus), 

42,  43,  45. 
nigerrimuB  (Turdus),  410. 
nigra  (Alauda),  61. 
nigrft     (Chrvsopteryx), 

373. 
nigra  (Lcssonia),  61. 
nigra  (MuHcisaxicola),  61. 
nigra  (Piatypearis),  334. 
nigra  (Tijuca),  373. 
nigrescena  (Myiochanos), 

245,246. 
nigrescena    (Pachyrham- 

phus),  334. 
nigricans  (Aulanax),  33. 
nigricans  (Euscarthmus), 

104. 
nigricans  (Muscicapa),  48. 
nigricans       (Myiarclius), 

33,34. 
nigricans    (Sayomis),  32, 

33,  34. 
nigricans  (Scrphophaera), 

102.  104. 
nigricjins  (Sylvia),  104. 
nigricana  (Tacliuris),  140. 
nigricans  (Tyrannula),33. 
nigricans,   Tar.    aquatica 

(Sayornis),  33. 
nigricapillus  (Myiarchus), 

247,  257. 
nigricapillus    (Tyrannis- 

cus),  130, 131. 
nigricapillus     (Tyrannu- 

lus),  131. 
nigriceps     (Muadoapa), 

338. 
nigrioeps     (MuadpetaX 

838. 
nigrioepa    (MyiarohutX 

947,268^260. 
nigrieepi /(PMl^jriujii- 
phas).88BL 


■  (TriooQi),  72. 
ia  (Phoeniooroaa), 


nigrioollis    (Phoenioooer- 

cua),  867, 868. 
nigricoUis  (Pitte^  443. 
nigrifrons  (Leptopogon), 

115,  119. 
nigrifrons     (Musdiaad- 

cola),  53,  55. 
nigrigularis  (Phoenioooer- 

cus),  368. 
nigrita  (Ochthoeoa),  19, 26. 
nignventris  (Paohyrham- 

phus),  344. 
nipalensis  (Braehyurua), 

415. 
nipalensis      (Heleomia), 

414. 
nipalensis      (Hydromis), 

415. 
nipalensis     (Paludicola), 

414. 
nipalensis    (Pitta),    413, 

414,  415. 
nitidua      (Oarpodectes), 

389. 
niyea  (Ampelis),  403. 
nivca  (Muacicapa),  14. 
nivea  (Procnias),  403. 
niveigularis    (Tyrannus), 

2()7,  270. 
niyeus     (Chasmorhyn- 

ohu8),  403. 
nobilis     (Myiodynastes), 

1^«2,  183,  185. 
novsB-guineae     (Brachyu- 

rus),  440. 
noYse-guinesB    (Melano- 

pitta).  440. 
novflB-guineaj  (Pitta),  438, 

440,  441. 
noTjc-guineic    mafoorana 

(Pitta),  441. 
novffi.hib^mi«    (Pitta), 

437. 
nuchalis     (Oyclorhyn- 

chus),  168. 
nuchalis  (Pitta),  416w 
nuchalis  (Platyrhyudiiit)^ 

168. 
nuda  (GraoulaX  402. 
nudioollia  (Ampelis),  402^ 

401. 
nndioollis  (Ghaimorimi* 

ehoi),  408, 401. 
nudiodUb  (Oorrnt),  402, 
midioolliaOPnoDiH),  404. 
andiu(OomiX40l 


486 

nandols   (llnicie*pa), 

264. 
Dunciola   nVranniiLi), 

264. 
Nuttollo 
Duttingi 

216,  S 
njmplut  (Bntchjnnu), 

Dvmpha  (PittA),419;420, 
42S. 

MtMi  (Hjdroniu),  416. 
ostegi  (Pitts),  4l^  416. 
oberi  (MTurobua),  251. 
obMmn    (Elamsa),    137, 


□bwmra  riutios  (Elauica), 

162. 
obscurBtA   (Mimioan), 

104. 
obaeunu    (Bmpidonai), 

222,  227.  232. 
obKUriu  (P;roccpli>liu), 

211,  216. 
obM)leU(Elaiius),  128. 
obsoleta    (MuBOiMpa), 

127. 
nlwoleta   (HiuoiMpan), 

127,  128. 
obaoleta    (UTiopatu), 

128. 
obaoletDin   (Ornitbion), 

125.  127. 128. 
occidenUlia  (Mi 


ALPHA  BETIOU.  II 


ole»ginw  ( Pipromorplut), 


olira  (Uuacioap*),  224. 
oliTaoea  (Elaiaea),  152. 
olivacea  (MuBcicapa),  121, 

134.  162. 
olivaoea  (Oncostoma),  77, 
olJTBoeum    (Oocoatoma), 

76.  77. 
oUvaoeum  (TocUroatniin), 

77. 


(Cjclorhjn- 
ohua),  le.*). 
iTaceuB     (Leptopogon), 


olitaceas     (Uionectm), 

111,112. 
olivaceua     (Plrtjrhjn- 

ubui),  165. 
oliTnceus       (Rhjnchooy- 

ciiu).  165,  106.  16T. 
olitBCeua  (Todua),  165. 
otiTJnfi   (Elsinw),    137, 

146,  147. 
oUtui     (EmpidocbBnea), 

216.  217,  ffi5. 
omnioolor        (Cysnotis), 


no. 


oroktus  (HyiabioB 

204,205. 
Ornithion,  109. 12J 
OUBtoleti      (Leptoi 

115.  118. 
OijrhampUiu.  280 
Oijrhyni^ui,  28U. 
oiyura  (Pipra),  31 

Pacbfrbsmphus.  31 
Pacbyrbainphiu  ap 
Pacbjrhjnchus.  33 
paesna    (Elainea). 

137,139.140,  1^ 
pagans  (Muscicapa 
paganuB  (Platyrh  yi 

137. 
Paictes.  409. 


pollioepa  (PitiB).  4; 
pallida  (^jorois). 
pallida  (TvmiuiulG 
pall  id  ua  (BUoioua' 

243. 
pailidiia  (Contopue 
pallidus  (MjiobiuB 
polpebrtMum       (T< 

irum),  79. 
Patudicola,  413. 


Ainr ABKExoAL  muz. 


487 


I>aiTiu(17jraiiiiSaoiii),18Q^ 

132. 
pectorale  CPodLrottruui), 

82. 
peotoraiii    (Brnpidonaz), 

227. 
peotoralia     (Bmoarth- 
•    mm),  96. 

pectonliB  (Habmra),  96. 
peotoralia      (Hapalooer- 

out),  96. 
peotoralis     (Pachyrham- 

phus),  337. 
peotoralia    (Paoh3rrh7ii- 

ohua),  337. 
peotoralia  (Paaria),  337. 
peotoralia   (Serpophaga), 

96. 
peotoralia  (Sylyia),  96. 
pelzelni    (Euacarthmus), 

78,80. 
pelzelni  (Myiarchus),  247, 

255. 
pelzelni    (Paeadotriccus), 

85. 
penduliger       (Oephalo- 

ptoma),  399,  400. 
Pepoaza,  .10,  11. 
Pepoaza  coronada,  12. 
Pepoaza  dominica,  13. 
Pepoaza  irupero,  13. 
pepoaza  (Tyrannus),  11. 
Pepoaza  Tientre  roxiso,  8. 
pereonata  (Tityra),  330. 
Perapicilla,  48. 
perspioillata  (Ada),  48. 
perapicillata  (Lichenops), 

48. 
perapicillala    (Motacilla), 

perapicillata   (CEnanthe), 

perapicillata  (Pipra),  301. 
perlinax  (Contopua),  234, 

235,236. 
pertinax     (Myiarchus), 

249. 
pertinax.    Tar.    lugubris 

(Contopofl),  236. 
peruana  (Kupicola),  370. 
peruyiana  (Pipra),  370. 
peruTiana      (Bupicola), 

369, 370, 371. 
peruyiana    (Tyrannula), 

164. 
peruvianui  (Leptopogon), 

117. 
peruyianns  (Bhyneboej- 

dusX  165^  100. 
perunaniif    MMtarUb 
^Bhyaolioiydai^  ItiL 


pluBOOflphaliii      (ICjiai^ 
ohus),  247, 25S,  2A7 
phaooMoas       (Ifitre- 

phanea),  218,  219, 290. 
pluBooorauf     (Autzvpho^ 

rua),  219. 
phfBonotui   (Myiandma), 

247,255. 
phayrii     (AnthooinoU), 

412,  413. 
Phibalura,  371, 372. 
Philepitta,  409. 
I^lippenaiB     (Oorrua), 

438. 
philippenaia  (Pitta),  438. 
phoebe  (Muadcapa),  261, 

264. 
ph(pbe  (Myiarchus),  261. 
phoebe  (Sayomis),  264. 
phoebe  (Tyrannus),  261. 
Phoenicercus,  367. 
Phoenicooercus,  366,  S67, 
Phoenicocichla,  414,  429. 
phoBiiicomitra      (Myio- 

bius),  199,  206. 
phcenicura    (Tyrannula), 

20,'). 
phcenicurus  (Attila),  358. 
phceniourus    (Myiobius), 

199,  205. 
Phoneutria,  195. 
pby^as  (Porphyrolaema), 

3i^6. 
Phyllomyias,  109,  121. 
Phylloseartes,  f'>4,  92. 
Phytotomii,  40<>. 
pica  (Fluvicola),  35,  36. 
pica  (Muscicapn),  35. 
picatum     (Tod  i  rostrum), 

69,  74,  75. 
pikris  (Colopterus),  90. 
pilcata  (Pipra),  284. 
pileatus  (Contopus),  284. 
pileatua     (Euscartlimus), 

87. 
pileatua     (Leptopogon), 

115,116,  117. 
pileatus  (Orchilua),  87. 
pileatua  (Pipritea).    288, 

284. 
pipiri  (Tyrannua),  267. 
Pipra,  283.  292. 
Pipra  ap.,  302. 
pipra  (lodopleum),  328, 

392,  393. 
pipra  (Pardidotna),  9M, 
Prarook,  372, 27S. 
ffprto,»8w 
PipioiiKiniliA»  111* 
mudflr.ikl. 


piingM    (MMtthyiip 

ohiu),  m\^o. 

pi^^(M«.UH.). 

pitMiffua   (Soaphovlmi- 

ohi»X19a 
pitengua  (Tyxmonui),  189. 
pitangua    ohryaogMtor 

(MegarhynolUM),  190. 
pitanguU    (MuacuMp*), 

Pitangua,  109, 174. 
Pitta,  411,  412,  413,  414, 

419. 
placena    (Elainea),    137, 

148.  149,  160,  161. 
platurus  (Platyrhynohua), 

50. 
Platj-psaria.  333. 
platyrhyncba    (Phyllo- 

myias),  158, 159. 
Platyrhynohoa,  463. 
platyrhynchoa     (Todua), 

468. 
Platvrhj-nchua,   64,    189, 

198. 
platyrhynohua      (Myiar- 
chus), 244, 257. 
platyrhynchua    (Suble- 

gatus),  158. 
platyrhynchua    (Todua), 

65. 
plobeius  (Contopus),  234. 
phiinbea  (Lathria),  350, 

351 . 
plurabea     (Muaoicapa), 

3,50. 
pluniboiceps  (Pogonotrio- 

cus).  98,  99. 
pluuibeioeps     (Todiroa- 

trum),  81. 
plumbeioepe  (Tyrannis- 

cus),  99. 
pluinbeuin      (Todiroa- 

trum),  70. 
plumbeus    (Lipaugua), 

350,352. 
plumosa  (Kpra),  296. 
plumuloaua     (Begnlua), 

106. 
poBoilooerca       (Serpo- 

phaga),  29. 
poBoilooenwa  (Empido> 

ohanoa),  216. 
poBcilooerous    (Meooeer^ 

oolus),  27, 29. 
pcBoilooottu  (Oopmui), 


pcEoilurm      ^inpido* 

chsina},216,217,216. 
PogoDotriccua,  64,  97. 
poUooephalam    (Todi- 

rortruio),  69, 71. 
poliooepbaliu    (Lepto- 

pogon).  lis. 
pcuiocepbaliu     (Mioneo- 

t«i),lll. 
poliooephalus  (Blijiioho- 

cycluB).  165, 171. 
poliooepholus      (1?odiu), 

71. 
poliooepluliu    (TriccuB), 

71, 
poliogftstn    (Ochthceos), 

19,24. 
polioaotA      (Oohcbceoa), 

18,20. 
poUsng      (A^orniB),    2, 

4.7. 

polvohropterus  (Pacbf- 
rWaphtu),  338,  345, 

polTchroptBrui  (Pln^- 
rhrncbui),  MS. 

poljchropteruB  (Zetetes), 


U,l>BABKnOAL  IITDBZ. 

pnlehellB  (Ochtb<»»),  Id, 

22. 
pulchellum     (Todiros- 

trum),  l>9,  72. 
pulcher  (Hjiobiiu),  109, 

pulih  (Pitti).  422. 
pullAbi  (MiuaicapB),  49. 
punctata   (AcnnlluBittit), 

451. 
punrtota(SittA),45I, 
puneaola  (OontopuB),  240. 
purpurea  (Ampejie),  3S8. 
purpurea  (OotmEa),  358, 
purpurea  (Querula),  306. 
purpursa     (Xipholana), 

Purpureipitta,  414, 
puBilU  (MyiopatiB),  126, 


piuillum    (OmithioD), 

125,  126. 127. 
pusillus  (Cnipolegua),  43, 


poltglotta     (UoaoicBpa},      pusillus     (Empidonax), 


rafHesia     (Caljptoi 

4S(i, 
raimondii     (Phytoi 

406,408. 
Kamphotrigon.  1GS 
rapai  (Musciraipa), 
rara    (FbytoUiiaa), 

408. 
Saja,  45a 
regis  (Muscipeta), 
regia   (MuBciToni), 

132,  193. 
regfns      (Chiroiip 

307.308. 
regina  (Piprs),  308 
regius  (UegalopliuE 
rt^iua     (Megarhyr 

185. 
regiu*     (PlatTrhyr 

192. 


ponipadoTa   (OoliDga), 
pompadon  (Xipholena). 


pusillui  (Flat^byncbuB), 

puailiuB     (Saurophagiu). 

178. 
puaillui.      Tar.      trailUi 

(Empidonai).  22fi, 

puaio  (Musdcnpa),  122. 

Pje.  Short-Uiled.  423. 


r^n  lu8  ( Machtp  rop' 

303,  304,  305. 
regulua  (Pipra).  3& 
remigialis  (Ptiloeh 


ALFRAIIBTICIL  IBTlltZ. 


489 


risoiiiis  (AleatraniB),  38, 

rizosa  (Haohetornii),  50. 
rizoaa  (PtopoAia),  52. 
rimui     ^[SaiiTophagia), 

5a 

raoras  C^^numoi),  62. 
rodogBster  (Pitt»X  443. 
Boitelet    Mtenge   (Lb), 

128. 
roraimiD  (Myiobius),  199, 

2oa 

roieioollu    (Paohyrham- 

phus),  337. 
roBeiooUiB  (Paaris),  337. 
rosenbergi    (Pitta),   438, 

441. 
rostratus     (Platyrhyn- 

ehui),  64. 65. 
rostratUB  (Todus),  65. 
rOBtratuB      (TjraimuB), 

267,  273. 
rubetra    (MusoiBaxiooIa), 

16. 
rubetra  (Taenioptera),  11, 

16. 
rubiounda     (Neopipo), 

303. 
rubicunduB  (Empidonax), 

222. 
rubigastra  (Sylvia),  110. 
rubineus  (Pyrocepbalus), 

211,  213,  215. 
rubineus  coronatus  (Pyro- 
cepbalus), 212. 
rubineus  mexicanus  (Py- 
rocepbalus), 213. 
rubineus  obscurus     (Py- 
rocepbalus), 215. 
rubineus,  var.  mexicanus 

(Pyrocepbalus),  213. 
rubinus  (Muscicapa),  21 1. 
rubra  (Gasiomis),  365. 
rubra    (Dasycepbala), 

365. 
rubra  TMuscicapa),  365. 
rubra  (Querula),  395. 
rubricapilla     (Dixiphia), 

296. 
rubricapilla      (Musci- 

saxioola),  63,  57,  58. 
rubricapilla  (Pipra),  293, 

295. 
rubricoUis       (Goraoiiia), 

396,397. 
rubricolliB    (Muioioapa), 

396. 
rubricolliB     (Quemla), 

396. 
rubricolliB  (ThrenoSdns), 

396,397. 


robrifrona  (Fipni)>  812. 

mbriniidia  (BnMlminiil 

436. 
mbriniu^     (Erytliro- 

pitta),  486. 
rabrinaoha  (Pitta),  432, 

435. 
rubroeapiUuB  (ManaeuB), 

295. 
rubrooriBtata    (AmpeliB), 

390. 
rubrocri8tata(0arpomiB), 

390. 
rubrocristata      (Helio- 

cbera),  390. 
rubrocristatus     (Ampe- 

lion),  390. 
rubropygia  (Baya),  461. 
rubropygius     (Eurylai- 

mus),  461. 
rubropvgius  (Serilophus), 

4<5(J,4G1. 
rufa  (Alauda),  61. 
rufa  (Musoicapa),  343. 
rufa  (Scliiffomis),  323. 
rufa  (Tityra),  33:3. 
rufaxilla  (Ampelion),391. 
rufaxilla  (Ampelis),  391. 
rufaxilla       (Ueliochera), 

390,  391. 
rufesoens     (Aulia),    354, 

355. 
rufescens         (Lipaugus), 

355. 
rufesoens       (Muscicapa), 

343. 
rufescens      (Myiobius), 

198,204. 
rufescens    (Pachyrbam- 

phus),  343. 
rufescens     (Pachyrhyn- 

chus),  343. 
rufescens  (Tyrannu8),362. 
ruficapilla     (Muscioapa), 

46. 
ruficauda     (Cyclorhyn- 

chus),  172. 
ruficauda      (Muscipeta), 

265. 
ruficauda       (Platyrbyn- 

chua),  172. 
ruficauda     (Bampho- 

trigon),  172. 
ruficauda     (Khynbho- 

eycluB),  166, 172. 
nifloept      (Oniotriooat), 

86. 
mflosps  (OoDopophagft), 

88. 


niflom  (KlabM),   187, 

raflo0(M  (Flanodlft),  88. 
mllom  (HapftloeawniX 

93. 
nifioepa      (LeptoeBrouB), 

93. 
mfioeps  (Leptanis),  93. 
rufioraa       {Me^ubomA), 

ruficepB  (MuBoioapa),  86. 
ruficepB        (Pacfayniyn- 

chuB),  343. 
ruficepB       (Serpopbaga), 

86. 
ruficeps     (Todirofltnun), 

69.  75,  76,  86. 
ruficeps  (Tyrannola),  86. 
rufigene     (Todirostrum), 

69,  76. 
rufigenis  (PcecilotricouB), 

7(). 
rufigularis  ( Attila),  358. 
rufigularis      (Euscarth- 

mus),  78,  82. 
rufilatum  (TodiroBtrum), 

81. 
rufiniarginata       (Och- 

tbceca),  19,  25. 
rufina  (Muscioapa),  265. 
rufinus  (Tyrannus),  266. 
rufipectoralis  (Fluyicola), 

rufipectoralis  (Ocbthcoca), 

19,  23. 
rufi pectus  (Leptopogon), 

114. 
rufipectus     (Tyrannola), 

23. 
rufipennis    (MuBciBazi- 

cola),  54,  60. 
rufipennis   (Myiozetetes), 

KK). 
rufipennis    (Pitangus), 

175,  176. 
rufipennis  (Saurophagiu), 

175. 
rufipes      (EuBcarthmoi)^ 

78. 
rufiventriB  (BraobytirciB), 

434. 
rafiTcntria     (OolobariBX 

434. 
mflyentria  (Dasyoepbah), 

a 

mflveoiria     (Eirthro- 
nitU),434. 

mflTentrk    (MmoiesM), 
114. 


490  UPHIBKFIOAL  IirDKZ. 

ruBvenCrii   (Hfiftrohu*),        auigbimia  (Pitta),  438,      wmj-Mn      (Unac 


ruflvantri*      [}ijiotb»- 

ret«s),  8. 
niflrsatru   <FitU),   432, 

4X4,  *35. 

ruflTBntrig   iTEonioptera), 


rufiTmitn*  (TyrtL 


^).8 


nifl*eriex  (MiuMiui' 

oqU),  63.  64.  58. 
niflTCTtei  (PiTonunl.BS. 
rufbciuUts    (Ampell*), 

890. 
rufiKaiiitstut  (Ampelion), 

nifog^uH*  (Ada),  4a 
Turomaraiiutiu  (Hap»lo- 

cercUB),  93. 
ruroTaarginstiu    (Hji- 

arohus),  256. 
ruro-aliTsoeum    (Hetero- 

pelma},  319. 
rulo^liTMeu*    (Ptilo- 

obbria),  319. 
rufula  (Trramiula),  365. 
rufum    (Hetaropelmm), 

niruB  (AUiU),  363. 

rnriu  (Centritw).  61. 
rafua  (G«DtroptMiiM),  61. 
rufus   (Pach^rhamidMu), 

338,343. 
rapMtiu     (Hirundinea), 

196. 
rnpeitrii 


■anffuinaria   (IiamooerB), 
■snguiDiooIlia  (Ampelisj, 

KknguinolentsC  Bupioala), 

361),  370,  371. 
Sarcophanops.  458,  462, 
ntelte*  (Muscicapa),  269. 
Batelliu,  267. 
utrapa  (Laphjctec),  274. 
■atrapa  (Uuscicapa),  274. 
latnpa  (Trranaus),  274. 
BBturata  (BupiDola),  371. 
■atuntiu      (Platjrbni- 

chus),  64, 66. 
aaui-jaU  (Le),  410. 
•aui-Jala  (Turdia),  410. 
Baurophanu,  1T4. 
MTana  (MuKioapa),  277. 
•aTauB  (Tyrannua),  277. 
>a;s  (Miiacicapa),  32. 
■aya  (Oohtboeca),  32. 
aaja  (fiajomu),  32. 
aaya  (TJraaQula),  32. 
sajd  (Sajiorais),  32. 
BayoniU,  3,  32. 
a^ui  (Aulanai),  32. 
SMpkorhjnobiu,  189. 
Scbiflbmii.  317,  322. 
■chutaaeiccpB  (lodirM- 

tnuD),  69,  74. 
nhlegdi    (PbilepiUa), 

409,410,411. 
■obottii  (Contopaa),  240. 
•ohwaiMri    (Euciciila), 

445.446. 


semibMiBU     (Til 

328,330. 
laaituoialai    (Pa 

rbjnchiu).  330. 


■emiSsTu*  (TrraiL 

128,  129.  130. 
aemiruaca      (iljia 

123. 
umifuMa  (PhjUoi 

123,168. 
•emi  pagans  (ElaJi 

137,  138,  139. 
Bemimrut    {Myiwi 

247,263. 
teaex  (Euscarthmu 
■enez    (Platvrbync 

64,65. 
aewua  (Pipra),  291 

300. 
eeritea  (Philepitta; 
aericeoguU  (Baya), 
•ericeogula      (Sinii 

468. 
Sericoptila.  42. 
8«ritopbu^  458,  46 
Serphophan,  64,  1 
Berratua   (i&iyrhyE 

281. 
wUiphagoidea   (1/U 

oulua).  27. 
aetopbagoidai      (U 
chi«),  27. 


ALPHAinHOAL  IXJXEX, 


491 


(Fhjtotomft),  40a, 
similii  (MoacMmpa),  161. 
.  siinilM     (IfTioMietet), 

159,  161, 162. 
timiiis  n^TnimiiU),  161. 
nmiUimA   (Pitte),   428, 

429. 
Simornis,  458. 
nmplez  (lipaugoi),  356, 

867. 
.  nmplex     (MmoicapaX 

•implez(FAobyrhTnchuB), 

341. 
Simii8,458. 
SiryBtes,  109, 181. 
Siflopjgu,  3,  41. 
aolitaria  ( Affriomis),  4, 7. 
8olitariut(BlTiod7naste8), 
.     182, 185. 
solitarius      (Tyrannus), 

185. 
pordida      (Helanopitta), 

438. 
Bordid'a  (Pitta),  438. 
aordiduluB   (Oontopus), 

239. 
Bordidiu  (BrachTurus), 

438,439. 
sordiduB  (Turdaa),  438. 
8oror  (Hjxlrornis),  415. 
soror  (Pitta),  414,415. 
.  spadicea  (Muscicapa), 

362. 
spadiceus   (Attila),    358, 

359,  m2. 
Rpectabi  Ub  (Elainea),  136. 
spectabilis     (Muscicapa), 

279. 
apicifer    (Euscartbmus), 

87. 
spicifer     (Lophotricous), 

86,87. 
spiciferum      (Todiroa- 

trum),  87. 
spixii    (Paohjrhjnchus), 

345. 
splendeos      (Moscipeta), 

345. 
spodiostethus     (Attila), 

359,360. 
spcdiurus    (Pachjrham- 

phus),  337, 341. 
equamata    (Mimoicapa), 

317. 
Bquamata    (Ptilodiloris), 

317. 
squamatiif  (Padijrfaam- 

piius),  339. 
fK)u.iinicrittatam    (Todi- 

roittnim),  87. 


■qnamieristatiii     (Su- 

■oarthmiu),  87. 
Muainicriatatus  (ILopiho- 

triooua),  86, 87. 
iteerii  rBraoh7iinii},442. 
•t«erii  (OyanopittaX  442. 
■teerii     iBarrUemiii), 

462. 
Bteerii    (Melanopitta), 

442 
■teeru'(Pitta),414,4d8, 

442. 
■teerii    (Saroophanope), 

462. 
stellatuB  (Mjiobius),  198, 

204. 
stenorbynohum  (Iletero- 

pelma).  318,  3l>0. 
steaura  (CuliciTora),  97. 
atenura  (Ilapalura),  \V7. 
Btenura  (Muscicapa),  97. 
stictoplera  (Rlainia),  28. 
Btiotoptera    (Oclitbccca), 

28. 
BtictopteruB   (Mccocer- 

culus),  27,  28. 
Stigmatura,  (•>4,  1(K). 
Btokesii  (Xenicus),  452. 
Btolida  (Tyrnnnula),  200. 
stolida,  var.  dominicensis 

(Myiarchutf),  2(J0. 
stolida,  var.  lucavHicDfus 

(Tvrannula),  2('U. 
stolidus     (Mviarclius), 

24(>,  247,  liV»().  !>(>!. 
BtoliduB  (Mjiobius),  2r>0. 
stolidus,   var.  aiitillarum 

(Myiarchus),  2(52. 
stoliduii,  var.  leucayHien- 

sis  (MyiarcliuM),  201. 
stolidus,      var.      ])hcrbe 

(Myiarcluis),  2(>1. 
BtoliduB,     var.     ntoliduR 

(Myiarchus),  ^Ji'A). 
stramioea    (Muscicapa), 

102. 
Btrenua    (Erythropitta), 

437. 
strcnua  (PitU),  437. 
8treuuuB(ThamnopbiIuB), 

364. 
strepera    (Elainea),   136, 

strepitanfl  (Braohyunu), 

428. 
■trepitane     (Oolobaritl 

42S. 
itnpitaiif  (Pitta),  414^ 

ftrmteiu,  Tar.  rifluUiuia 
(Pit^42B. 


■farmtoDhom    (I«tfam), 

3&,  800,363. 
itriata  (Agiioniii),  4, 6. 
flbriatkipe    (MaMUixi- 

eola).%3. 
■triatiooUa     (Todixot- 

tniin),83. 
■triatiooUie  (SuwMrth- 

mua),  78,  79, 83. 
■triatioolliB  (Mtonaetai), 

111,112. 
■triatiooUifl  (ICueoioapa), 

HI. 
Btriaticollie     (ICuioiea* 

pa»).  111. 
striaticollifl      (Myiothd- 

reten),  8,  9. 
striatioulliB  (Taonic^tara), 

«/• 
HtrigatuB  (PBarie),  333. 
8trigilata(Muflcipeta),212. 
strigilata  (Pipra),  304. 
Btrigilatus      (MacluDro- 

pterus),  304. 
strigilatu.H     (Pvrooepba- 

lus),  212. 
striolatr(Pinra).  304. 
striolatuH  (MaduBropte- 

ru«),  3(34. 
suaviHsiiua  (Pipra),  293, 

300. 

Bubalaris  (Latbria),  350, 

3r)3. 
subnlaris  (Lipau^us),  353. 
subbrunuRus    (Cnipodec- 

t(»s),  197,  198. 
gubbrunnous  (Cyclorbyn- 

cIjuh),  197. 
Bubbrunneus      (Mjio- 

chan»'s),  197. 
aubcristuta     (Helinaea), 

102. 
subcristata      (Muacioa- 

para),  102. 
subcrintata       (Serpho- 

phaga).  101,  102.  108. 
subcristata  (SyWia),  102. 
subilaxa    (Serphophan)^ 

102, 105. 
SubWatuB,  109, 167. 
BubocnraoeuB  (Myiobiuf), 

199.208. 
■obpagana  (EUlnaa),  187, 

ttibplaenu    (ESaiiieaX 
137,14a 

•nbfiridit  (PbjrlloinTiMX 

Suiriri.  6%  161 

SoiririoabMTnbtdilJa 
de«iieb,4& 


iri  nam,  2! 


48. 

Soiriri    obKoro  j  uii>- 

tiUo.  41. 
Bairiri  ordiauia,  154. 
Suinri  pudo  T  roio,  2&1. 
Stdriri  itixo,  3ft5. 
Soiriri  roio  obmiro,  196. 
Ruriii  (Sairin}.  IM. 
■uiriri  (Tmioptora),  154. 
•ulpbiiratiu(uiuBt).  1 78. 
MilidiDnlu*   (Hegulija- 

eiiDi).  176. 
(nlpliurabii    (Pitangiu), 

2, 174, 178. 
•olphDntiii     (Srannili*- 

gm).  175, 176. 177. 
■alphontiu       (Soapho- 

riiTiiebia),  190. 
mlpbnntD*  (Tjmmiii}, 

175. 176. 177. 
olpImnhB  maximiliuu 

(JKtaiqpu).  ITS. 
■olphunm    fHuIciGap>), 

164. 
tDl^urrieolliB    (FMril), 


ALFHIBRICAI.  XTDKI. 


gOD).  114.  115.  II& 
■opnciliaru    (l^plotiK- 

cm).  99,  100. 
■uuBiiilurij  (Mjiobiua). 

■npcrciliarii  (UTiodTiiu- 

ta).  168. 
npereiluru  fPU^rtiTn- 

ebw).  65,  6a 
•opercilUriB     (Todira*- 

tniiB).74. 
fuperdliaria   tranauidea- 

DDi  (LeplopogOQ).  115. 
■apereitioaa  (Ochth^FOi), 

18, 19. 

>  (Tynumnla), 


i),  338,  940. 

(Pwria),  340. 
(ZcMm),  340. 

(Mu«TO«). 


aUa),  451. 
tenuirMtru   {Jkdai 

451. 
temuis  (ElKnia), 
temuii  (  Muscieap 

159. 162. 
teimss      Milambi 

(MTioKtetca),  1< 
thamni^iloidn  (. 

359. 3ft4,  365. 
thiol  n  opfai  loidcs 

crphala).  3&t. 
thunnopfailoidce  ( 

UiunnDpbiloideB  (' 

niu),  365. 
Thwomjiu.  32. 
thoncin  (OobUuB 


410. 
Tijuca.  371.  373. 
tiriri  (Tyntnnu.),  : 
Titjre.  327,  328. 
titjnndes  (Pnru), 
Todiroctmni,  64,  6 
TodiB.  191. 
Todj.  Gr«Bt-tnlled 
Tody,  Jans,  463. 
tarridiu(Attiia),3f 
bsilli  (Empidonai 


▲LPHAHmOAL  htdiz. 


48S 


triTiigate  (OoiiopiM),178. 
triTimta    (Mtudoapa), 

tflohndii  (Ootingft),  S75. 
tschudii  (Uemipipo),  284L 
tichudU  (Piprkes),  288» 

284. 
tMhudii  (T7nimiik),265. 
tuberoulifer  (Myiarohus), 

246, 25& 
tuberculifer   (Tyrannufl), 

259. 
tumbezana   (Myiopatis), 

123,124. 
tumbecaDa(FhTllomyia8), 

124. 
turdina  (Muflcicapa),  319. 
tardinum  (Heteropelma), 

818,  319. 
typicum    (LathrioBoma), 

typus  (Oasiornis),  365. 
Tjran    de  Gajenne  (Le 

petit),  251. 
Tvran  nup6  de  Oayexme, 

192. 
Tyranneates,  292. 
Tyranniscufl,  109,  130. 
Tyranniscus  sp.,  133. 
T^rannula,  198. 
Tyrannulue,  109, 128. 
tyrannulus   (Muscicapa), 

251. 
tyrannulus   (Mviarchus), 

247,  261,  253* 
tyrannulus  (Pipra),  394. 
t^'rannulus.    Tar.    phsco- 

oephalus  (Myiarchus), 

256. 
Tyrannus,  189,  267. 
I^rrannus  sp.,  181. 
tyrannus  (Despotes),  277. 
tyrannus  (Lanius).  267. 
tyrannus  (Milvulus),  277, 

278. 
tyrannus     (Muscicapa), 

277. 
tyrannu8(Tyrannus),  268, 

278. 
tyrannus  y.  caroUnensis 

(Lanius),  267. 
tyrannus.    Tar.   domini- 

oensis  (Lanius),  272. 

unicolor    (Ohloropipo), 

286. 
unicolor     (Onipolegus), 

43,47. 
unicolor    (Heteropelma), 

321. 
unicolor  (Pipra),  321. 


unieolor  (Sn-iooptilft),  47. 
umfomiia  (OhlnropipoX 

286 
unirafa   (Latliria),  85% 

858. 
nniruftu  (Lipaogus),  858. 
uro|miaUs  (Attda),  859, 

uropygialis  (Ohirocylla), 

849,350. 
uropygialis     (Dasyoe- 

phala),  359,  360. 
uropygialis     (Latbria), 

uropygialis     (Mecocer- 

culus),  27,  28. 
uropygialiB(Tyranniscus), 

28. 
uropygiata   (Muscicapa), 

359. 
uropvgiatus  (Myiarchus), 

a39. 
Urraca  degollada,  397. 
ussheri  (Pitta),  429,  430. 

Talidus  (Attila),  359,  364. 
TaliduB  (LaniuB),  <i33. 
Talidus  (Myiarchus),  247, 

252. 
validus  (Myionai),  252. 
Talidus    (Pachyrham- 

phua),  334. 
Talidus  (Psaris),  333. 
Taria  (Muscicapa),  *J65. 
Tariegata  (Ampelis),  405. 
Tariegata  (Elaenia),  156. 
vuriegata  ( Popoaza),  8. 
variegata  (Procnias).  405. 
Tariegata  (Ta?nioptera),  8. 
Tariegata  (Xolmis),  8. 
Variegated     Chatterer, 

405. 
Tariegatus  (Anthus),  61. 
Tariegatus    (Bathmidu- 

rus),  345. 
Tariegatus  (Chasmorhyn- 

chus",  403,405. 
Tariegatus  (Legatus),  156. 
Tariegatus   (Pachyrhyn- 

chus),  345. 
Tarius  (Empidonomus), 

265. 
Telata  (Muscicapa),  12. 
Telata  (Pepoaza),  12. 
Telata  (Tnuoptora),  11, 

12. 
Telutina    (PipiaX    298, 

299. 
TenesoeleDtiB    (Mjiftr- 

Ghui),258. 

lis  (Elaiiiia),  92. 


▼Mitimlit  (EnaeArthmiis), 

92. 
Yenfendk   (LeptopogonX 

92. 
Tvntralis  (Muaoifli^M),  92. 
Tentralis  (PhylloMMurfees), 

92. 
Tentralis    (Tyrannuloa), 

92 
▼enusta  (PittaX  ^4, 429, 

430. 
Tenustus    (Brachyunu), 

429. 
Tenustus  (Erythropitta), 

429. 
TersB-pacis      (Hetero- 

pelma),  318,  320. 
Tersicolor    (OaUopsBris), 

340. 
Tersicolor    (Pachyrbam- 

phus),  337,  338,  339. 
Tersicolor  (Pitta),  4^ 
Tersicolor  (Psaris),  340. 
Tersicolor  (Vireo),  339. 
Terticalis    (Lapbyctee), 

269. 
Terticalis    (Muscicapa), 

2(50. 
TerticaUs     (Tyrannus), 

267,  269. 
Tcrticata  (Serphopbaga), 

102. 
Tetula  (Muscicapa),  49. 
Tetula  (Muscipipra),  49. 
vetulus  (Ictiniscus),  49. 
Tctulus  (MilTulus),  49. 
Tieilloti     (Pachyrbam- 

phus),  339. 
Tieillotides    (Myiobius), 

198,  202. 
Tieillotii(Muscipeta),  202. 
Tieillotii  (Tityra),  338. 
Tieillotioide8(Tyrannu]a), 

202. 
Tigor8i(Brachyurus),  426. 
Tigorsi  (Coloburis),  426. 
Tigorsi  (Pitta),  420,  426. 
Tilis  (Euscarthmus),  91. 
Tilissima  (Elainea),  182. 
Tiliseimus  (Tynumisous), 

130,  132,  133. 
TiUofius  (Myiobius),  196, 

201. 
▼identa     (HuseioMBa), 

278. 

Tiolentus  (MnmlusX  278. 
Tiolentus  (^^fmaaaa!^  278. 
nrsDB  (Oontopos),   284, 

288»289^24Q. 
Tireos  QLvtuciOKpaX  288. 
Tirans  (MyisMbns),  288. 


494 

rirtof,   var.    riehardMnu 

(Ctmtopiu),  23S. 
Tireoniniu     {Bmpido- 

chuiM).  217. 
TicesceoB  (Hetsropfilma), 

-318,321. 
Timcona    (Muaojcapa), 
121,321. 

1   (PhjUomTU*), 


>   (Pipra),   292, 
293,302. 

(PtUochloru), 

(Tymmuln), 

TJrgikU  (MuKncapa),  209. 
Tirgsts  (HuadptSa),  209. 
Tiifata  (Pttria),  328. 
rindwoeoi  (Empidonax), 


TiridicatB  (Huidaipara), 

Tiridicata  {Sjlvia).  14a 
Tiridicep*   (Bbyiuiboc}'- 

diia).  1(16,  ni' 
TiridiaaTa  (Elainia),  ISO. 
Tiridiflaviu  (Leptopogon), 

lao. 

Tiridifl«Tui(l^ranjUiCuB), 

130. 
TiridU  (Ampclis),  378. 
TiridiB    (Caljiptomana), 

455. 4M. 


Alf  AABETICAL  IMDBX. 

Tiridia  (PaehTrhHinphiu), 
337. 33S,  339. 

Tiridii  (Pipra),  456. 
TiridiB   (Pipreola),   870, 

37& 
nridia  (Rapioola).  466. 
TiridiB  (Titfra),  S3S. 
Tiridis  atricapilla  moluc- 

ceiuia  <M«ruta),  438. 
viridig  intettnedia  (Pi- 

preota),  378. 
TindiBiimus   (Tjnuini*- 

cua),  134,  136. 
viruuu  (Lalhria),    360, 

351. 
TiruMu  {Lipaugun),  350. 
TiMiTOrua  (Turdue),  2, 
fitel  lin  b(  Chi  roiaacbimB), 

312.  315.  316. 
Tilallina  (Pipra),  316. 
Tittieera    (Hiucicapa), 

12- 
Todfenna   (lAphjctes). 

289. 
TOcifeianB    (Uuttacapa), 

360. 
TocirersDB     (T^numu*), 


waUaoii    (Beteropelma), 

318.  319,  320. 
Warblm-,  Citrine.  4S1. 
Warbler,    Long-legged, 


whiteheadi     (Oali 

mma),  456.  457 

whitelji  (Pipreola 


80. 

lanthnpjgiua  (Mji 

199.201. 
iinlhopjgius(Pl«t 

chua).  199. 
Senicus,  450,  462. 
Xenopipo,  283.  28^ 
Xenurus,  38. 
Xipliolena,  372.  36 


S.ipliOlei 
KoLmia, 


Yetspa,  38. 

jetapa  (Alectrurua 
jelapa  (OjberQBles 

41. 
yetapa  (Muacioapa' 
Yipem.  40. 
yiperu  (Gubemeles 
jiperu  (Muscicapa' 
Tucataneni(i»(Myi»i 

a47,260. 

iel«loni  (PogonoU' 


XI. 

XII. 

XIII. 

XIV. 

XV. 

XTI. 

XVII. 

XVIII. 

XIX. 

XX. 

XXI. 

XXII. 

XXIII. 

XXIV. 

XXV. 

XXVI. 


Agrinmia  poUcna 7 

insolena    7 

solitaria   7 

Ttenioptera  holospodia 14 

Ochthodiffita  fuato-ru&B   18 

Ochthceca  leucomptopa 21 

{Fig,  !.  Oehthcoca  citrinifrons    22 

Fig.  2.  pTilcheUa  22 

J  Fig.  1.  Platyrhynchus  fluvigularis    65 

I  Fig.  2.  albigularia     67 

{Fig.  1.  Euscarthmus  ruasitua  82 

Fig.  2,  impigtT     84 

I^ptopogon  erjthropB  119 

f  Fig.  1.  Tyronniacus  ciuercieepa     131 

I  Fig.  2.  ■ gracilipea 1 33 

Elniuea  olirina 146 

Ehyiitkocyclus  folvipectus 167 

SirysttB  albocinereua    181 

Musoivora  occidcntalia,    (J&$    194 

Cnipodecte  Bubbrunneus 197 

SlyiobiuB  flaviainB    205 

Ceratopipra 

Heteixipelma  wallacii    319 

flavieapiUum    321 

ignicepa    322 

Hetcro(«rcua  auraiitiivertes    

Iladrostomus  bomochrous,  ^  h  2  ■ 

Pachyrhampbus  spodiunis,  J  &  ? 341 

lodopleura  leucopygia  , 


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