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ORastiBaJiH noncTHBrib ^yAecnoe A^ftCTBie, h ycHJieHHaa cHepr- 
hoctb vb ROMaHA^ asJiajiiacL ne nocjiiACTBieiii rnHJioro icaca 
Hjon xjiMa ci njsiceHBH), a coBepmeHleiTB bojdi Boslefl, h poB- 
HHft cB^bdft B^Tspi npeBpan^axca bi mRB^s h mropuu, pBaB- 
mie, RaR% nayrHny, TaROJiaacB h jifixe ROBpu bi^ RaioTax'b, Apo- 
6HBniie vb n^enu ne oAHi CTenBrH, ho jsiAxe BnyTpenHla nepero- 
poARH H Me6ejiB Rpacnaro AepeBa. He Tepna TaRHx^ qacTfiocb 
mRBajOBi H mTopHOBi, RanHTani najnupiHi) ne uon noAy^aTB 
npeAHHcaHift npoAaBaTB Ben^n, nonopieHHua b'b njiaBaniE, nn ac- 
CHTHOBORi na HORynRy hobhxi. IlpH stoitb, pasyMieTca, nonop- 
HBHHHa Bemn ne Morjni, bx cboh) onepeAB, ORasuBaTBca it&aofH 
H HeBpeAHnuMH Bb BTO RBapTHpi, Horo yse ne MOserB npocTHTi> 
evy ero BTopaa oRena AnTOHHna GHAopoBna. 

GocjiysHBi^u H na^aJiBCTBO, Rpoirl Toro, nenpon^aiorB Rann- 
Tany naJIHI^IHy nenonaTHaro ajih hhxi cBoflcTBa — BOJinoBaTBca h 
pasxpasaTBCJi wb Tbxb cjiyHaaxi, RorAa hh^to ne saTporHBaerb 
ero jiHHHO. €%o eny sa a^Jio, cyerb noci Boofj^^ roBoparB bi> 
BasTiflcRi, ROFA^ RannTani IlajiHipiHi npeA^EaBJuen Mipy cboh 



8 PyOCfiOS BOrATCTBO. 

Tpe6oBaHi2. H idpi^. o6fl8aH:b yxoBJieTBopiiTL nrb, — bi npoTHB- 
Hoifb csjiKb RanHiaHib Bsun^erb co Bceio CTporocT&io, xonycsae- 
MOK) ycjuoBlflUH BpeiceHH H npocTpaHCTBa. B% rtx'b cjnyiaaxi, 
Korsa OKb He Mosers cpasHecxni noA^iHHeHHHx:^ BHroBopoMi> 
HJiH cnpHKasoiTBi, HJiH cociaBHTb ciporo ^opiieHHUft H rjiy6oKo 
flSBHiejiBHHft OTBirb, BnojiHi JieraJiBHoe saymeHie — Eor^a npaB^a 
ocEop6jieHa Mipoirb na^ajiBCTBeHHUiCB, — owb Bce-iaKH €B8UiiieTB> 
Cb ocBopCHiejifl nyCjiHHHO, r^i EM6jff> bi sJiyGi, Ha tiajrl y 17- 
6epHaTopa^ EaRHirb HHCy^B jarAOBHiuMi cjiosaoirB, noxBaioft ne- 
GnpaBOAJiHBo o6HseHHOMy, pascRasoiTB KaROMi HHSyxb oiyiai, 
KaKb fisfk jsAwm bo^u noxoiceirb na ion, sa KOTopuft cxbjsj^rb 
BSHCRaxB, HJiH KOBapHo pascHHTaHHKorb Bonpocoicb... SanHTaHi Ha- 

JIHI](UH'!B, He CMOTpa Ha CBOK), $eHOMeHaJ[BHyH) npaBXHBOCTB, AOXOAfl* 

n^yio nopoft jsp pe6ji^ecRpft naHBHociH, ne JuoneH^, oxHaKO, xojih 

XOXJiaiOSOft XHTpOCTH, H BOUpOCU 610 B^b H^eKOTJIHBHXb CJiyH&fiX'B 

npocTO y6iftcTBeHHH. 3a to, Korxa KOBapBO pasc^HiaHHafl CTp&ia 
nonaAaerb B:b a^jib, RanHTani 6ucTpo CMflrHaeica. B'b CMyn^eHiH or- 

B^THHRa OHl VBMTb SORasaTeJIBCTBO, HTO ^eJIOBiRl 60(6 HO BOBCe 

saKocH^jTb B'B HenpaBA^, HTO B'B neiTB en^e He yracjia cob^ctb. 
GiurnaeTca KaniraHi Tanse h otb caicojiioGHBaro coaHaHin, hto 
dTO OHi» npo6yAHJii^ cob^ctb b'b ^ejiOB'^ici, h ohi^ oxotho bcho- 
MHHaerB lorAa y^enle XpacTa o MHJiocepAiH k:b BaK)n^HHCfl. H 
He HOAOspiBaoTB HaHBBQuft oSjiH^BTejiB, TTO HS'B CTa pasi Vh A^ 
BflHocia AGBflTH OH'B npHHHMaJTB sa ABHoseHie coB'icTn npocryio 
HenaxoA^HBOCTB ^eoiOBiKa, onimHBmaro orB HeoasHAaHHocTH, hjk 
icnyrB Bopa, na RoxopoiTB sarop&iacB manRa. 

Hsi Bcero cRasaHHaro oneBHAHO, hto RanHTani IlajiHitBiH^B 
lejuoB^Rii HenplHTHHft vh Bucmeft CTenemi, h ecjoi ero a^bho He 
BHTHaJDoi CO CJiyaR6u, to jmmB noTOMy, ^lo y nero penyraoEiH 
OTJDiHHaro H cif&iaro MopaRa, HBBicTHaro Bi <BiicniHx:BC$epax'B>, 
H ^0 HsuR'B ero Tose noJiyHHJii'B wh dmsx'b c^pax'B ne hohb- 
myio HSB'&CTHOCTB. Fpa^i^ EojnBmaROBi, hsb'^cthuH octphrb, cRa- 
sajTB eicy OAHasBAu, noRasuBan Ropo6o^y ci HEJUojiaHH: cBotb 

rOpBRiA HHJIiOJlH HpOHHCaHU MHt 0TB CRBOpHarO HSURa; Hy a 0TB 

Bamero asuRai najoupiHB, HWRaRaa nnjnQjui ne noMOserB». Bjih- 
xaftmee HanajiBCTBO, RpoHi asBiRa, Ho6aHBaJiocB h xapaRiepa 
RaHHiaHa, CHHiafl ero HOJiOBi^RoirB oiHaaHHUMX, cchocoGhhitb na 
Bceiy xoTH o^eHB saipyAHHJiocB 6&I onpeA^JniTB, B'B ^eicB co-. 

CTOHTB dTO <BCe>. OaHO fiUJTO B-lpHO, HTO IlaJIHItUH^B HO A&n 

6ii BBtrnaiB ce6fl 6e3i rpoiocaro oSjoraeiTejiBHaro CRanAMA) <yJ!^ 
KOToparo 6jnisaftniee nanajiBCTBO nojier&Jio 6u c^ xicTB, a^ h 
AajiBHifimeMy npHnmocB 6u ne cjiaAKO- 3a to KanHTana Ilajra- 
ipraa Aop^KaTB; wh cqepnoiTB r&iii»; ero ne nycRaiorb A^uribe 

EaJHTHRH, H OHB BCO 6^6 dRHHaSHUft ROMaHAHp'B, ROFAa OHJ 

AaBHo 6u cJU'iiAOBaJio hoahatb ^hb 6pHraAHaro. Sto en^e oahhi 



UOJIOAUB BCXOAS CTAPOft UOJLOCU. 9 

MHonixtb noBOffOKb, no RoxopmrB AHTOHHHa CnAopoBHa chh- 
Taerb ce6fl HocHacraiftmeft seaoft bo bcbitb BaniftcRi. 

TenepB mu sacTaeici RanEraHa Ilajoiipraa sa nHCBiieHHuirb 
ctoiokb: OHi npocHaTpsBaarb othoth poiHuxib. ^epesi Hex^K) 
Kopa&EB ero BUTarHBaercfl hsi raBaHH, a TaHi — opaiB BanaTBca 
Meamiy Pesejieirb h CBea6oproirbI GypoBoe h THiiHHHoe jnmo cia- 
paro ciTOBHRa ci ;^3fWHHHMw ciffiion^HMB ycaicH, saRpiiBaioiipnai 
nioTHo csaTUfl h plsso OTOp^eHHua Ty6hiy Bce 6oji%e h 6(Ki'&e 
XMypETca. PoTHuft faJiRHHi 6ojDie o6inHaro BTiipaerB o^rh bi 
onert: <seHiiTEca co6HpaeTca>. OAnaRo Ranirani MamHHajiiKHo, 
<$mb npHBUHHaro nujia nonpaBuen RapaEg^ameirb onradRH, cra- 
OTb Roe i:k% BOnpocHTejiBHue sHaRH, — €H0Ta-66He» H A&ace He 
Ha RJiOHKi tfyHarH, na Roropoirb BiiBOXHJrb CBoft cwrb pacxo- 
jffim> cymrB h HHBeHxapfl, a na noMTb onen osnieTB: <£cjqi 
B^aa OTHeTHOCTB njffb saTpyABaerb r. poTHaro, to pory mosho 
nopy^BiB ApyroMy». Owb He cnoxBaTUBaeTCH npH dxoicb^ hto 
saaiiTRa xosen 6htb npoHrena nHcapeHit. 

Tazejiaa HeoTcryBHaa fju^ Himaerb rojiOB^ pa6oTaT& cb 
npiBinHoft SucTpoToft h onerjoiBOCTBK). Ropa6jiiB ero rnKJui. 
Offb HoxaBarb panopn, ocraBBJui 6ed'h BHHMaHia. Ha Biopoft 
oraiTHJiH, qxo Ropa6jib noAaBHO HVHHJicfl. Xopoma fiiuia dia no- 
iHHRa, onpoTecTOBaHHaa RanHiaHOirbl Eopa6ej[BHHe HHacenepu, 
aiflCb Ha TO, TTO RannraHi He HamejTb nyjRHOft noHHHRy, cxoh* 

MOCTB ROTOpOft HO^TH paBHflJiaCB HOCTpoflR^ HOBaro Ropa6jiH, 

CHgnajiH Roe RaRi, naJnozHJiH npHHHHfl sanjuaiu Biricro ochobb- 
TeibHoft leavrpoBRH,— H ohi^ ne vorb hkhoto nofffijiaTb cb hhmh. 
3a panopTB o neroAHOCTH RopaCjifl eiiy ace CRasajm AypftKa- 
nocjiAHift roAi AO nojmoft noHcin sa ROMaHAOBanie Ropa6jiieici— 
H ^ejnoBiRTb xoHOTb jnHmHTbCH efl, panopxja o fleroAHOcrHl.« Hy, 
BoFb muiocTHBi, Moserb 621Tb, 6yAerb THxaa noroAa, bjeh bo 
speiiji AoCepeMca ao peftA&* A ecjKH niRBaa'b, hjih ocoHHift HopA^b- 
BecTb BajiflTb 6yAerb cyroRi Tpo^^eiBepo... H ROMaHAa sHaerb, 
Hxo Ropa6jib njioxi. Boceicbcorb Aynrb na ero coBicTH. H 
<$psngtH£ift TOJRe snaerb. BcerAa noAHHHajrb CBoft ^arb na 
. cBipHOiTb*, noTOMy hto Morb choroAho TjmyTb CBoft rporb, a 
HHsrae Ri ToMHJiHHy cflA^Tb. IIoAaTb B% oTciaBRy?.. nycTb.Apy* 
roft — He offb jjCvTb axH Bocexbcorb AT^rb*** Ho no cob^cth-jdi 
910 6yAerb?.. cGeicbfl, aumRaa nenclH h aceH8>.;.0H'b BBAporayjii, 
Bceio CHJBK>K> cBoeft RpinRoft BOJiH iM^aBHjrb axH ifucjiH, 9moMy 
He AOJURHO 6bixb KicTa, ROiAa pimaercfl TaRoft Bonpocb. Ohb 
dan o^AyKUBaxb h BSBiniHBaTb Bci CTopoHu Aisa. Ecjm Bon 
noMuyerb, to ci hhmi BceTaRH MOHbrne maHCOBi ni^ejiH, ^M'b 
Cb KoBJEOBUirb. ToTb Rpyrjodt HeB:&SAa, BUCROwa, a^bho XAajii 
Ropafijifl, ifiniflflcb sa ^ajiAu naiajibCTBa. Onb h vb mTHm ro- 
pa(Sj[b nojuosHTb na doRi. HHRorAa HaTpocHRH ne 6yAyrb tbeb 
patfoTBTb J EosjsoBa^ RaK:b patforaiorb y nero. He RosjiOBy noA- 



10 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

jiepacaTB ^yx^b ROMaHAU, ecjra — Boxe coxpaHH — mropiTB. Ha^a 
HATE, Bon MHJiocTHB'b... MeJiBKHyjia HOBaa icucjib: Eo3jiobi» Tpyci, 
noAacTi panoprB o neroAHOCTH Kopa6jrfly n <B%pHuft» ocraHeTCH 
Bi raBaHH. Hin, coimHTeJCbHo: ne saxonerb jihoihtbch nepBofi 
RanHTaHCEoft KaicnaHiH. RpoH% Toro, no ji^hh, no 6e3aJia6epHOcrH^ 
no rjiynocTH OH^ h ne AOCuoTpHTBlHe 6jjifiTh wb CBiacift BiTep'B 
Ho^eft BucTaHBaTb na BaxT%... 

— OFocnowar,— CO croHoiTBBHpBaJiocb y IlaJiHi^UHa,— 6y«B b-t 
jrioAHXi npaBAal ^a, Torxa nyxB EanHTana 6wn> 6u acewhy ne 
npEXOxn^ocB 6bi, jsb&'b HrpoRy nepe^'B Rpynnofi cxaBRoS, bucubl- 
TUBaTB, RaRiH Bunaxyxi Eapiu. Msoro en^e n6pe60pajia mucjib 
RanHTana pasnuxB EaprB, otb rpasn ROTopuxi HyrHJio symy. 
HaROHem, oh-b joncRajiM Hecraaro BHxoja. cHtrB, ecjin hrtk 
BB onacHocTB, TO He KosjioBy. BoceicBCorB symi D[iji4e bb mo- 
HX'B pyRaxB.'i H ero mucjib CTajia pa6oTaTB9 Hn^a cpe^CTB'B ocjia- 
611TB mancu onacHocTH. OnepmncB ji^bumi jhortom'b na ctojii a 
ORHMa^ jiaAOHBK) ropHHift jiio6b, a npaBOfi noABOAfl btofh na OTne- 
taxi, RanHTani) menTajTB: cBHT^HyBmncB na peS^B cbohmh cpeA- 
CTBaME, MOJRHO 6^6 MHOFoe nonpaBBTB... B'B cjiyHa% Hero — 
KOMaHAa sAopoBaa, CEJiBnafl, JiExan... Menn JiK)6flrB... BorB He 

6631 MEJKOCTEi. 



'••• 



II. 

3a rycTEiMi h bbicoremi TpejiBAseMi njiion^a, pasA^JiHBnnDTB 
RatfEserB na ab£ nojiOBEHBE, y (JoJiBmoro CTOJia CEA'i^ A^^ A$- 
BOHRE 3a ypoRaMH. 3Ta nojiOBsna ROMnaTu c^HraJiacB RjiaccHOft. 
naorai^BiHB caMi yiEJEi AO^epeft cboex'b pyccROMy asuRy e bc^mi 
npeAMOTaMii, BxoAHBniEMi bb necjioxHyio nporpaMMy oCpasoBaniii 
A'^bhi^'b, RpoM% ^paHity3CRaro h H^MeifRaro, ROTopue npenoAa- 
Bajia AHTOHEHa CnAopoBHa. IIjiaTETB y^TeJiHMi ne xBaTEJio 6u 
cpeACTB%; BSHJifl TonRO ynflTejn>Hsi](y aHTJiiftcRaro HsuRa e yHB- 

TeJlfl My3URE. 

Giapmaji ao^, AHTOHHHa (no MaTepn), pocjiaa 6pK)HeTRa cb 
6oj[BmEME TeMHOcipiiMH rjiasaME, TaREME se CjiecTflniEME h* sh- 

BUME, RaKB y OTAa, CB A^HHHMB ryCTHME piCHEUaME — eAHH- 
CTBeHHUMB HaCJlikACTBOM^ OrB MiHTepE — CMflFHaBmEME 6jiecR% 
BTEX'B yMHSIXl H He nO A^TCRE BAyMHEBUX'B rJia3'B, CHETaiaCB 

OAHOK) Edi caMuxiRpacEBiixi A:lBOHeRB BaJiTiftcRa. HecMOtpana 
CEJiBHoe cjiosoHiey A^^BOHRa 6ujia, OAHaRO, 6jr6AHa e xyAa. BojiBmoft 
pocrB CTapEJTB ee, ho en^e ({ojiie crapEJiE cepBe3Huft bsfjeeai, 
CMorp^BmiS nuTJiHBO BAaJiB, e TOCRJiBBoe, HeAoyM&Baiontee Biipa- 
aRenie, noflBJiflBmeeca nopoft na btom'b ne uoaItcre ropAOMB 

JIE*iiiK'&. 

ToHa 6iuia B'B rjiyCoKOMB Tpaypi,— hi ^epnoMi mepcTAHOVB 



MOIOAUB BGXOAH GTAPOft nOJIOCU. 11 

BJiaTB'i CB KpenoMi okojio ropjia h pyRi, laRi^ jrb RaKi> a cc- 
CTpa eji, SHHa, Koiopaa, ne CMOTpa sa MHHjBiiiiH ysae jsficsmb 
jiiT'bj RasaJnacB ceuTHjrbTBei RpomRofi. XyAeHBRa^, MneiaiiopHaii 
A%BOiKa poAHJiacB He B'B IlajiBituHBix'B. Ha cMyrJiOMi jisihr^, 
CB CMHHiia acHJiRaiin y bbcrobb, BUA^BaJincB HenoH'^^pHO orpoM- 
Hue ^epHBie KBiraHCRie rjiasa, bi ROTopuxB HCRpHJincB a'^tcroo 
jiyRaBCTBO n cu'i^TJinBOCTB. Ona 6BiJia o^eHB. HHJia, He CMOTpa iiu 
mepoRifl cRyjiBi h 6ojiBinoft poTB, cb apRO RpacnuMs nyxji&ofn 
ry6aMH. 

TenepB 9to acHBoe sdAopHoe jhh^ihro cicoTp'ijio onenB Heaps- 
BJiBRaTejiBHO, KaRB H Bcerffa sa ypoRaMH, r^ rotophmb A'^BOHRa 
HEiTajia HenpeoAOJiHMoe OTBpan^enle. Hysno CRasaxB, hto hh b-b 
BUA^pacaHHOft cncTeu'6 HaAOJno6HBaro a 3a6oTJiHBaro Ileipa Ero- 
poBH?a najumuna, hh, v&wb Cojrie, B'B 6e3ci3CTeMHOCTH nepBHoft 
AanBi, Ahtohbbh Chaopobh&i, He 6ujio HHiero, hto mofjio 6m 
uo6iABTB dTO otBpan^enie. ZEeip'B EropoBH^'B, Cepa sa MipRy 
TajraHTjiHBOCTB IlaJini^uHCROfi HaiypH, CjiaroAapa ROTopoft IlajiH- 

nUHU BBIXOAHJIH HepBUMH H80 BCixl yHHJIHn^'By paAH 60Jli8HeH- 

HOCTH H Tyroro pasBHtiA 3hhbi, CA'i^jiajrB ycxynRy h saAaBaji-B 
eft nojiOBHHy loro, hto saAanajTB Toh% wb en BospacTi; ho u 
BTa nojJOBHHa 6ujia ne no cBJiaMB SHH'i. IlpenoAaBaHle Ahtohhhu 
CBAopoBHu, A^fl ROTopofl ypoRB HpeACiaBJifljiB HenplaTHuft ne- 
. pepuBi ^lenlH ^paHuyscRBXB ponaHOBB, saRJiioHaJiocB bb CesTOJi^ 
ROBofi nepe^pasBpoBRi yneGHBROBB, y6BBaBnieft b nocji%AHK)ia 
BCRpy noHBMaHifl Bib yneHBi^'b, ncaiOMy ypoRH ROHiajiBCB ^acTo 
maupjiHBeirB rhbfb efl B'B Jinao. SlAHaa Sana rjiyn^a, nyB- 
CTBOBajia ce6ii necnacTHoft npn bba'6 RHBrB. Boo6n^e, nps Biaxepu 
jiHifo ea npHHBMajio CescMucjieHHoe h sanyranHoe sBipaacemc, 
onpaBABiBaBmee nposBHn^e ciynBi^ii b baIotrbi, Roiopoe jifijiti 
eft HaTB, RorAa SsHa en^e ne Ha^BHajia JneneiarB. 

3BHa 6ujia ne Jiio6HMofl AonepBio, — poncAcnie est ctohjio cy- 

T0<IHUXI liyRl H HyTB He CTOBJIO aCBSHB AhTOHBH& CHAOpOBH']^. 

G% nepsaro BsrjiaAa, RorAa MaiepB noRasaJiH 6jiiiAH0-Rpaca£ift 
CMopn];eHHiift ROMoneR'B iiaca, jnucuft, ci neecTeciBeHHO orpoMHu- 
MB rjrasaMB, AnTOHHHa GBAopoBna BOSHenaBHAiJia ero h bcrph- 
Hajia: cynecHTe axoro ypoAa! Bu y6BeTeMeHfl». KoicoieR'B uaca 

POCI, npBCTHflH MHOrO XJipnOTB, BUdUBafl MHOrO paCXOAOBl CBO- 

BMB 6ojrl8HJiMB; 3BHa nanajia xoahtb h roBopHiB no TperBeicy 
roAy; npn bba% iiaiepH, ona noAHBiiajia BcnyraHHHfl[ noiaqi h 
npaxajracB bb roji^hh hiihh; b:b snaROKUxi ona BopCysA^^ toabro 
€o;Raji%Hia, 60JIBHO ROJiOBmia HarepBHCRoe caMOJOoSie. 

He TO HTO Tonal Ta myxa Bunecjia sci oCasaTejiBHue HeAyrn 
A'l^TCTBa; CO AHa noaBJueHla CBoero na cb^tb, B086yacAaJia ona 
saBBCTaBBoe BocxHn^enie MsiceHeRi cbobitb sAopoBBeuB, chjuoS, 
RpacoTofl, nosjRe yHOMB b cnocoCnocTaMB h toio SBBHepaAOCT- 
fiocTBK), ROTopaa 6BJia wh nefl RJiio?eirB« AHTOHBna CBAopoBHa 



12 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

BHA^jia vb HoibA jrrlmeHle, nocaianHoe eft C7AB6oft sa bc^ rope- 
CTH H CTpaAaHifl, HenoHfltoft h Heoi^i^HeHHoft seHn^HHBi, h to s 
A'Ijio TBepAHJDra IleTpy EropoBsny: <G'& aroro jifui a SHBy tojibro 
AJtfl AO^epH. JSfi^h He o6MaHerB Moe cepxi^e, RasB oCuaHyjii 
Mysi*. OAHaKo, ^iTB 6oji£6 pocjia Tohji, t^btb MOH^e pasjiH^ia 
A^ajia AHTOHHHa GHAopoBHa MesAy JiioCHMoft h Hejno6HMoft ao- 
nepBK). Ywb H TajiaETjrHBOCTB ToHH Cb KASBijsjam A^teirb ORasH- 
BajDLHCB Bce 6ojrle h 6oJiie HeyAo6HUKH ajkh BuciaBRn bi* pocth- 
Huxi. ToHH CMyn^anacB h nonyraeitb noBTopajia TiipaAU hs^ 
<roeojiiH> H fdc^HpH*. Canafl Rpacoia Tohh nepecxaoia paAO- 
eaTB AHTOHsny CnAopoBHy. Oaa ne Horjia nepeHaxB sayienHyio 
HHCTHTyrcRyK) rpaipK), h AHiOHHHa CHAopoBHa lenepB HaxoAHJra 
Rpacoiy ToHE 6ez3BiiiziieEBO% a jmi^o esL nposBajia nacRoft sa to, 
^TO A^BOwa He yn^Jia ycBOETB hh MHjryio cTepeoTHnHyio yjiH6Ry, 
BH rpai^iOBHHe noBopoTBi fojiobrh, hh BCRHAUBaHBe H onycRaHBe 
picHHiTb — Bcero, qeicy noApyrn ea y^HJiHCB caxH coSoft, hhcthhr- 
TOiTB. XnsHepaAOCTHocTB Tohh en^e ao cicepTH MapycH, AO^epH 
Ilerpa EropoBHHa otb nepBaro 6paRa, nanajia HSHi^HflTB a^bo^i^, 
ycrynaa m^to ho a^tcrh cepBesHOny h nurjiHBOMy BBipaxeHiio, 
tt ROTopoe MaTB BBana ee to criciipoft*, to cHcryRaHOBTB*. Ma- 
MOHBRH, npe^Ae roBopHBrnla, tto na Tohh) secejio hocmotp^tb, 
TenepB to h a^^o cnpaniHBajui: €?to axo cb neio, si^^HO TaRaa 
cepBeBHas. hoitb bto ona b^iho jsju&erb?:^ IIpHCjiH^RaHCB ri 
TOMy BOspacTy, RorA4 AO^ CTanoBHTCH ApyroirB HaTepH, Toha bcb 
(Sojile H 6ojrle saicBiRaJiacB b'b ce6i. Y ApyrHxi* A'^Bo^eRi ea jrirb 
BcerAa naxoAHTCH o neii'B hofobophtb cb MaxepBio: ^to cJiumaJiH 
Ha ryjiAHBH, ^to bha:6jih vb iiepRBH, Roro bctp^thjih na yjiHa^, 

HTO Ha ROITB 6UJII0 HaA^TO? TOHfl HHROFAa HH CJIOBa. BepHeTCH 
AOMOft H He HOHHHti: RTO CbIJTB, ^TO FOBOpHJIH, RaRafl Ha ROITB 

<$iijia mjiflHRa. B'&ab ho cjr&nafl se h ne rjnyxaa ona, — 8aM']k'iaJia 
KaTB CB AOcaAOft. — <Ax'b, maman, neyseJiH »e 3to TaRi hhtb- 
pecHO>, — h Toh^ HopoBHtB yftTH. Jifiy H ToHA o6MaHyjia naAe^cA^i 
MaTepH TaRi» »e, RaRi OTei{i» en oCiraHyjrB naAe^RAEi aceHuI Ah- 
TOHHHa GHAopoBHa Ri BHHTeTy: ffemme incomprise> npH6aBHJia h 
Apyroft: cm^re incomprise*. 

Tohh ichtom'b ROH^uuia z^Ks^nj- UycTuvhl 3aAa^ ona CA'i^jiajia 
o^eHB He6peJKH0, xoth h snajia, hto oxei^B BBBm^erB 8a neiSpeK- 
HOCTB. Hy ^0 xe? PasB^ ne Bce paBHO? IIocjri^AHHH saAa^a. 9th 

ypORH ROHHaTCH. OTei]CB, AOBOAH 60 AO JHOrapHOHOB'B, CRaaaJTB, ^0 

AauBnie 'HeBaH^irB y^HTB A^BO'ieR'B: ne Kb ^eny 6yAerB npEu^HflXB 
BuyTOHHoe, caneHysHoe sHame naAMOBaeTib y]rB>. HpoHTH oG'b- 
Hcneme jrorapBOMOBi bi y^edHHRi, Toha HcnHcaJia hhh jsfbjmt 
jacTb H CB TopseCTBOiTB HORasajia OTi^, ROTopuft pascepAHJucii sa 
HenoBHHOBeHle. To 6HJia nopa ea MaTOMaTHqecRHxi yBJieieHlft. Te- 
nepB ona yBJ([eRaetcfl Hcropieft AnrJiiH h lUeRcnHpoirB. H bx dry 
ifHHyTy y hoh na Roaiinaxi tomhri UleRcnHpa, pacRpuTHft na Tpa- 



MOIOAUB BCXOAU CTAPOtt 0OJIOCU. , la 

rexiH <BeHei](iaHC]dft sha'b». EaRi hh npoTHBeirB Tofli poctob^hki 
UlefljiOK'B, OHa He uojRerb ho a:aji%TB ero, a Jl^seccHKa, CpocBBmaa. 
roHBHaro oma, eft npoiBBHa. Xopoma h SBopane, HomeHHH?ecRB 
OTA'i^JiifiiBaionpeca on iiJiaTe»a xojiroB'b! Oreipi He cepAHica, ecJUH 
OHa qaiaen vb KJiacci, Kor^a bc^ ypoRH roiOBU, h Tohji ynocHica 
B-b Mip'b BejiiiRHZ'b cosAaHift noasin. Eaide y lELejEcnnpa jdoas — 
CHJiBHue!.. 9th, hto CRasyn, — CA'&miorb. Ectb h npesafiaB- 
Hue — H ToHfl ciciercH, HHiaa o hhx'b. 7 ^HEKeHca Toxe icHoro 
TasHX'B, — UL Vb Tose BpeKHy Ka^b MHoro Bi HHXi xopomaro. 
EcTb ^TO TO TBRoe... oco6eHHoe, Tasb He noiosH ohh na Tin, . 

KOrO BHAHTb TOHH. Ofla H&ITaJKaCB Wh MUCJUn ^opMyjiHpoBaTb 

dry HepTy, Koropafl 6oj[ie Bcero ee nopasHJia: ohh yiciiorb h 
cwboTh pascyxAstTB, h rjiynuft, h CMimHoft ^ejEOBisib — h toti 
Tasoft... JKHBoft. lipHKaiitHKi, paeoTHHEi, cjiyra— H Torb cKaserE 
jsaKoe HH6yxB xopomee cxobo, KOTopoe sanajKen vh nanaTB. H 
KaKie OHH HopJiAOHHue. JbRefl — h totb jaseft, He bi TaKoft cto- 
neHH, Kasi BAiKxraHTb 6pHraAHaro BopoBCEoft. Tonso nana 
cuierfc pascyxAaTB, xan ToTcnepi y meKcnHpa: cTell troth 
and shame the devil» *). Bee xopomee Tohh Bcerxa npiypo- 
HHBajia Vb OTXQr. 

BApyn HHTB uicjieft, HaBiHHHHxi TTOHleirb, nopBajiacB. 
TowBKb CEaTKJiCfl cb zoAwb. Tohh BSApornyjia Bcin lioioirby 
TpoBora H 8a6oTa BurpasHJoiCB na juuti a^bquh; KasaJnocB, ^ro 
OHa BApyrb nocTap&ia. Tohh BcnoMHHJua, ^to ceroAHH AsawaToe 
Man. BoTb noneiiy cb yrpa ona BCTaJia ci HOioni^Hinb cepAiteirb! 
^BaxoaToe ifaa— naiiaTHiift cpoKil Foa^ ROHHHJicfl, h 6paTi npi^ 
iffifTb CKasaTB OTiQT, HTO BTO pimoHie— HOCTyHHTb Vb yHHBepa- 
onen — ne HaiiifiauiocB. FocnoAH! neysejiH en^e pan hobto- 
pHTCH Ta cTpanmafl citeHa, noosi Koropoft Tohh vb jxacb 
copocHJia ce6fl: neysem nana ea — MHCTepx FpdHA>-FpaftHA>? 
BacH, y^bsaa nocjii'6 dToft citenH, csasajrL Toni, ^to pasni. 
TOJUBKO CMopTB HOM^maerb eiiy BepnyTBCH nepesi roAi» CKa- 
saib oTify, HTO HAOTb Vb yHHBepcHTera. GeroAHH piniHrejiB- 
Huft AdHB. Ona SAua Bacio cb yTpenHHU'b napoxoAOMi, noroicb 
Cb nocjri-nooiyAeHHiiMx. Ona ropfl?o HOjnuiacB noyrpy n bi npo- 
AOixeniH ahh. Ona h TenepB noBTopHJia vb Kymi HOJoiTBy: 
fFocnoAH, noHOFH Bacil FocnoAH, Aaft, ^o6u Bce 6jiaronojiyHjiio 
KOHUJUOCb^ H nana cb impoirB 0TnycTHjrb-6u Bacio b% ynHBop-^ 
CHTenl> H Ob aposbk) BHyrpenHJiro xojioAa ona nyBCTBOBaJia, 
^TO MOJraTBa nanpacna: nana ne OTnycTHTi cb MHpoirb, BuftAerL 
THJcejiaH d^eHa, nana h BacH naiiyHaioTCH, a BacH BceiaBR no- 
ciynHTb Vb yHHBepcHTerb, %o-to 6yAerb? Fochoah, 6yAB mhjio- 

CTHBl! 

CHJiBHiift TOJiHOBfB^noA'B CTOJioMi sacTaBHJTb ToHX) BCTpone-^ 



*) ToBopH npaBxy ■ nocpamat xbaBOu. 



14 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

nyTBCH. 3HHa, y KOTopoft Ha jonisib, HSMyqeHHOiTB n noiHOH'B^ 
BLicTynnjiH nepoBHua RpacHiia naTHa, a spaiRH orb Hanpfl^Rema 
npHJiHsa RpoBH R^ rojiOBi pacmnpHJiHCB ao Toro^ ^to rjiasa Ra- 
saJiHCb crpamHUME, AOJiro h HanpacHO TeJierpa^npoBaJia Toh*! cb 
Apyroro ROHii^a CTOJia... HaROHei][i, ypoHiiBi HocoBoft njiaTORi, 
oHa H<3CJiumB0 cocROJiBSHyjia co ciyar^ h, noAHSMan njiaTORii, 
csJiLHO A^pHyjia Tohk) sa nory. IIoToii^ cb caMUicB HeBHHHBiMi> 
BULjipwb A'^BOHRa HecjnaaiHO cijia Ha CBoe m^cto. 

— CKOJibRO CyAerB ceMBio AeBaiB? — sHasaMH cnpamHBajia 
Sana, BUcraBHBi na cTOJii a^batb naJiBneB'B h ceHB paai yAa- 
paa yRasaiejiBHmrB. Tona rfiiTB xe cnocoGoirB lejierpa^iipo- 
BOJia 63. IIoTOifB 6iiJia noAana xejierpaMKa o pimeHiH sHHHHoft 
saAa^H. ToHH OTHCRaJia bi yHe6flHR4 pimenie z noJioxHJia pac- 
KpHTyH) RHHry TaRi, HTO 3HHa Morjia ero bha*tb. Bana CHcrpo 
cnHcajia nyacHoe Ha rjio^r4 SyMara, ROxopHft, Ch jiobroctbk) (j^o- 
KycHBRa, cRpuJia hoa'b pyRaBOMi. dra TOBapuni;ecRafl noiiomB 
BcerAa chjibho CMy^^aJIa coBtciJiHBOCTB Tohh. Ppix-B noMoraiB 
.lecTp* oCMaHHBaiB oma, — ^Ay^ajia A^BO^iRa, ho ^to xe ji^BUb? 
MaBfa ysHaerB, 6yAerB BCiopia... 

Tohh crbosb jiHCTsy TpejiBflsa Barjianyjia ^na OTiia; orb Hsny- 
MOHHaro H CRop6Haro BupaaceHlH jiBi^a ero aan^enHJio cepAi^e 
AtBOHRH. SKaJiocTB, 6e8ROHe'moe o6o»aHie h hIirhoctb hohth 
MaTepBHCRaa sacB^xEJiHCB bT) ea rjiasaxii. OreA'B crbosb JiHCTBy 
iioHyBCTBOBaJi'B ea bsfjiha'b h noABajn rojiOBy. Ohb saiciTHJi'B 
iiepeROH^yHOHHoe h HcnyranHoe jihi^o Svleu, CMyrjiyio py^Ry, 
onpaBJiHBniyK) RpenoBufi 6opoR'B njiaiBfl, — aa Boporb ona npa- 
TOJia RJioHORi) 6yMarH. Ohb ne CRaaaJTB hh cjiosa — euj cxaao 
jKaJiB A'^BOHRy. C'b Toft MHHyxu, RaRi 6a6Ra, npnnflB'B A'^Bo^y 
ns'B pyRi) aRymepa, BCRpEHajia: <Tb^y, RaRaa AP^HHaa! Ctohjio 
ii3i-3a Hea TaRi* My^HTBca!.. — a AHTOHHHa CHAopoBHa, aaAU- 
xaacB, C'B TparBHecRHiTB naeocoHnb npoHSHecjia: fynocHxe cro- 
pM, He Mory bba^tb aioro ypoAaI»— 3BHa cbohmh Rpome^Hfiini 
;ipa(5jiiii[H CHHeaaTUMH py^OHRanH Bsajia cepAi^e Ilerpa Eropo- 
uBHa. BesrpaHHiHaa jsaJiocTb R-b <ypoAy» cjuHJuacb cb jik)6obbk> 
oTjjfi,. IlajiHnuH'b AJisi BHHti A'&Jiaa'b ycryaRH, HecorJuacHua Cb 
cHCTeHOft AHCi^HnjiHHbi, RaRHxi He Aijiajni hh a^ noROflnofi Ma- 
pycH, HH j^jin ToHH. Ex HocjrbAHefl, He CMOxpa Ha bc% HCRynie- 
Hia poAHTejTbCRoft nisHOCTH B ropAOCTH, oHi, Hao6oporb, 6ujrb 
iienocHJibHO TpeOoBaxeaeH'b, ch Cjiaroio i^%jibK): ^toCu cnocoCnaa 
A'iBoqRa He BosiceHTajia BufiTH hsx yA^a, yRaaaHHaro npoBHA^- 
iiieifb jReHH^HH'i. YcTynRH bi* cHCTexi paAH eAHHCTBeHnaro cuna 
BacHJiia Cwan yjse coBepmenHO HeHucJiHiai: MaabHHRa naAO 6fiiaa 
3aRaJiaTb. 

3HHa AOHHcajia OT^erjniBO aaAany. Ona OTJiH^aJiacb cavoio 

n^eaeTHJiBHoio aRRypaTHocTbio. Uhhth h lexpaAH ea coAepsRaascb 

* Bi> oGpasitoBoifb uopaARi; na njiaTbi HHKorAa HEnpopixH, hx 



MOIO^HE BGXOAU. CTAPOfi nOJIOGH. 15 

nsmwb, H noApyni apashejih ee sa dio KyKJioft, nacTynajiH Ha 
ea npiOHejieBBie 6othhkh, mo6ii saciaBBTL ee BBirnpaiB nujub 
HocoBUHi njiaxROiii. n 3HHa HensHilHHO BnTB{)ajia npe o6iii;eMi» 
xojiorb, xpTH 6ojirile Apymxi A^ieft 6sjia o6HAHHBa h ^yxsa ri 
HacifiniKairb. 

Snaa lOJRe sairiTHJia, 9to nana ceroAHH onenB xMypnTca n 
CMOipHrB coBciin» CKy^uuifB, n noiOMy ne p'imajiacB CKasaTb, 
^0 ypoR'b roTOBi. £i Tony se, Bcer^a jLynme orraHyrB no- 
AaJDbme nenpiaTnyio iranyTy: nana B'i^pHO AoraAaeica, ^to saAana 
cnHcana. S bi to ace Bpenn AiBo^R'i oqens xot6jioc&, hto6u ee 
nocRopie oxnycTBJiQ ryjuTb na cxteRy y Mop£. FojioBa nKh 
(ioJilsa. CHAilTb H jRfifiXh uojEHa — 6iiJio CBume cnorb, h SHna, 
no6oJiTaBi> noraMH h cosnaBaa, tto napymaerB AHCipinjiHHy, 3a- 
menrajia: 

— ToHfl, snaeniB hobocte: maman onaiB 6yAen nepecxa- 

BJUTB Bl) rOCTHHOft He6eJIB no HOBOMy. 

Tona cirfijiajia eft snaR'b HooiHaxB. Snea ne yHHicaJiacB. 

— RaRofi*xo ROBepxBHuiHajnaH 6apxaxflylo CRaxepiB na cxojii, 
H... Bce na MapycHHo npnAanoe. 

ToHH Bcnuxnyjia h naHopnpiJia 6poBH. Sana npoAOJUcajna ch 
orop^emeiTb, vh ROxopoMi crboshjio h yAOBOJiBcxBie nepoAaxB 
<BasH;K)> bI^cxb: 

— Bce pasictpHBaexi, nepecxanaBJiHBaerB, Hxo6ii h ROBepi, 
a caaxepxB cpasy 6£U1b bbahu, RaRi* BuflAemB asx saan. A ysi 
aanio RasB pa36paHaaa! Hana see ne yifiaa caoacaxB CRjraARH 
na rapAnnaxi xaBi, htoCu, snaeniB, ne BBumHaBmia noaocH 
BUAftBaaacB na bha'b, a BBianHaBmla 6£iaH cnpaxanu... Bpanaaa, 
<{paHaaa, BcaiecRH 6paHHaa, rocxa npanuia, xoaBRo xorAa oxny- 
cxaaa. YflAyi^i 6yAexi onaxB 6ij5fk. CRaaAOR'B HHRaKx neaBsa 
BaJioacBXB xaR'B, RaR'B ona xpe6yexi. 7xi nana 6naacB, 6HaacB. 

— Iloano xpeqaxB, Sana, 6yAxo paAOCXB KaRyio 06'BaB- 
juiemB,— mennyaa Tona h saAynaaacB. 

cOnaxB Boana bi* aoitI, neyAOBoaBCXBla, acxopia. OnaxB 
npB6BerB OeAOXUia. Oh'b nenpeiriHHo pa8o6Bexi> hxo HH6yAB. 
Maman 6yAerB xpefioaaxB, ^to6u nana asaai Apyroro AOHBniHRa. 
OexoxH^'B KMkjsfjfi.Tb Atl XMB&rb y nanu^ Ran ppAHOft. H mh 
jooiteirB OeAOXUHa, a om nacB jno6wrb. Hana ne nporonarB 
OeAOTHHa, OnaxB crsfimi. H nyxB ne RasAT^) HeA^Joo nepecxa- 
HOBRa B'B Aoui. FocnoAHl Hm-Ba RaRoro BSAopa jooah oxpaa- 
aaanrB acasHB ApymMunoAflirB...* — Tona noAynaaa ^pasofi CBoeft 
inaman, Roxopaa pasi ABcaxB na ahk) Bonlaaa r:b £017 CBoeft 
Hcnop^eHHoft shshh; xoabro A^BO^Ra Aanajia BnoaH'6 o6ocHOBaHHoe 
npHMiaeale dxoft ^pasi, Hero neaBsa 6Hao caasaxB iiaxepH. 

— yftAeiTB na crlnRy cb naneft, Toaa. IlycxB 6e8i aacB 
Bce nepecxaBaxi», — npoAoaacaaa yxe coadbirB HcnyraaamcB mo- 
noxoiTB Sana, sHaBmaa Bapanie, hxo acaaaa Bosaa bi aom^, 



1 6 PyCCSOE ^ BOTATCTBO. 

noAHHMaeicafl ea maman, Henpex^HHO oSpynmrcA vb toitb hh67Xb> 
Ha <7poxa, TyniO^, HAloiRy^. Xotb 6h ona saSHJiacB bi yrojn, 
ee BHsoByn: cHe MoxeTe hohohb naTepH. CiofiTe Tyn, nona- 
Ao6HTCfl nocjiaTB>. He saCBOTCA, abetch cb ycjiyraiaij.ycjiBniiHrB: 
c^ero lyTB BepiHiecBi oxho rjiynoe jdo6oiiutctbo, tojibro ici* 
maere*. 

— Xotb 6u nana sanpexBunbl lbua> noAHBicyn, Me6ejrB ne- 
pejiOMaiorB, noroiTB wb noHHHKy nocujiaft..« IIpaBO, na irlcTi 
nana n 6u sanpeTHJia bth rjiynocrn. H npncjiyry saroHflerB, a 
HepeffB HBx^^JiK)— onJCTB see no crapoMy, — pascyxnxejiBHmrB to- 

HOltB SaKJDO^BJia 3HHa. 

— Mojran, SHHOHKa. YsHaeTi maman, hto tbi roBopHniB, TeGi 
xyae ey^erB. 

— Bee paBHO, Bcerna xyse, — 3jd[o6ho h ci ropeHBio Bospa- 
3BJia 3HHa. — Hto y nacB sa xhbhb? Ax%1 MapHxeHi>, ropnn- 
naa 6pnraKnoft, roBopnjia XpHCTHni, a & cjoimajia: — ara naiB 
roBopHTB, y Baci tohho Ha^Hxa cb niuiHepnitaMH. 

— 3noHRa, hOjuicb Bory, ne jsjmA TasB, — menTajia Tohx^ 
BcnoMHHaa, hto bi roAU Bhhbi fym^i^ to xe canoe h npRxom^ 
fcauai AjMajia, ne cjonna hh orB RaKot MapHxem. 

— ^TO Bu TaicB menHerecB? YposH fotobbi?— cnpocsn liar 

— flflSEO roTOBBi, nana I 

QffB BinnejrB nn-sa TpesLflza, ekch sa uaccnuft ctojtb, ■ 
na^asca ypoKB. dnna KpecrnjicacB nox^ croxoifB, BsuBaa vb fjuA: 
cTocnoAH, noiuHH i^apa flfiisuKBL n bck) spoTOCTB ero>. 



m. 

Bi TO Bpeiu, Kasi dnna, csaB'B fijiaronojiyTOO ypoRib, cm- 
AHJia caxa ce6fl, sa^iiTB na^yJift nany, a Tona BticjiynmBaia 
crporift BiiroBopi sa He6pesH0 CA&iaHHyio saxa^y, orB Affn- 
pajKTeftCBait) HOCTa kb Mpauoicy sasenHOiiy sxaniH) meJTB o^ohb 
en^e lonst o^^Hi^epx. He cuoTpa na ero xeBaTnainnaTB lArk^ 
TOJIBRO HTO Haj^bTse jieftrenaHTCRie dnojuerfii hhcrojibro ne paxo- 
Bajra ero, h owb ne cn6niHJrB, RasB TOBapiini(H, CBopl^e n^eron- 
nyTB HifH wh ceitB'6. Osb meoTB Mipnmai h TBepxuiffl maraUi 
ne saMQpJUi h ho ycRopnH marB, RasB Vif/m na Tflsejioe h ne- 
npiHTHoe ff&io «ieJiOB'6Ri ne TpycjmBBift v ne 6e3xapaRTepHiift. 
GeroxHfl pimHTeoiBHiift fjdBh. OreitB yBHXffTB, no 8to ne Maia^ 
YHmecRlH ^anTasin, a sp&ioe p&nenie Bspocjiaro HOJiOBiRa. 9th 
jRe cJnoBa oHi CRasajTB oti^ XBaxifaTaro Mafl, poBHo roffB Toiqr 
nasax^. Ho MOJioxoMy, bo^th x^BH^ecRoicy jraiiy, nponua t^hb 
ne^am npn BocnoxHEaniH o BurneceHfloft Torxa 6ypHoft citeni. 
Rorxa OTei^i ysax^nb, tto yGixxesU ne x^CTByiOTi) owb xo- 



MOIOAinS BGXOAtt CTAPOft nOAOCU. 17 

Tin sanyraib yrposanH, Bjnaciuo. Sjoia, ropBEia cjiosa, ynpeicH, 
rpoBHue THiBHue BBFJUiAu — BC6 6iiJio nyu^eHO b% xoa^..* Bee 
npHnoHHHUOCB lenepB lOHomi, ho ho BUsuBaJio sjoLoCHaro Hys- 
CTBa, a TOJDUU) 6oj[b wb Ajnii. Kainb mofb oieAi, Eoiopuft roBO- 

PHTB, HTO J[I06HTb HX'b Sa COfifl H Sa MaiB, npOHSHeCTH TO, HTO 

6ujio npoELBHeceHO Torxa? 

K)Honia zopomo noHHMan npHHiray: to tfuuia BcxpeBOseH- 
Hafl JiK)6oBB, to 6wio HywTejibHoe sejiaHie cnacTB cuHa. y mo- 
jOAoro HejEOB^Ka Stuia cnoco6HOCTB o6i»eKTHBHO othochtbch ko 
Bcbwb CTopoHaiTB, Aftse KorAa owh 6ujrb jolhro saipoHyrB. Eiqe 
BT» Kopnyci TOBapi!iii(H nposBaJTH ero sa 8to ^hjhoco^oitb. <JI,ec- 
ooTB H xaHJKa», — Tas'B en^e ceft^CB HasBajTB IleTpa EropoBHia 
PocCaxB, jiyHmifl Apyr% mojioaofo IlajraituHa. Y ehxi ceft?ac^ 
roTOBu ma6jiOHH. Xansa? — nirBl Oxei^'B ^aHaiHR'B, Roropuft 
XH8HB CBOK) HOJiosHrB 8a B^py CBOK) H Apymxi paAB cnacaTB 
nocHJiBHO. J^ecnoTB? — Ot^acTH, ho tojibko oxnacxH, e to noxoicy, 
"iTO CHHxaerB ce6a Hair&CTHHEOirB Bora bi CBoeft cemb. HirB 
Kb neiTB aroft noftHofl sauaniKH jiOMaxB APynix^B psAH HacJoasAe- 
HiH BJiacTBio. Tasle jih 6hiB2JOTb Hacxoflo^ie Aecnoiu? BorB aA- 

MHpaJTB TpyCRHHl AO HAiOTCTBa SadHJIl CUHa H, OTAaBB Bl Kop- 

nycB, npHRasaJi'B: <ByAB nepBuirB, ne 6yAeinB — npoRJiflHy!.*> 
K)H0ina HaxMypHJTB 6poBH, bb sooCpaseaiH ero ^pRO BCTaoa 
cTpamHaa RapxHHa. BiAHufi TpycRHHi cb noMyxHBniHMCfl Bsrjifl- 
AOiTB nepoA'B dRsaMeHaTopouB necerB HeBoo6pasHMyio nyniB..* J^e- 
sift RpHEi, HCRaseHHoe jamp... TpycRHHi. Ha nojiy bb KOHByjuB- 
ciflX'B... %pe8'B TpH AHfl yMopi BOcnajieHieiTB bi Mosry, 

BacHjdft n&iiniviHi noflicaji'B ce6H Ha nocTopoHHHX!B nuc- 

MBTb H CBflSaJTB HHTB CBOHXl BOCHOHHHaHift TOMB, HTO 6UJI0 

ABaAOaTaro Maa, roA% tomj nasaAB. Ha yrposu OTi^a om> OTBt- 

HaJTB: <BH BJiaCTHU HCaopTHTB UOIO 2CH8HB, HO He HSUiHHTB HOO 

pimeHie. 9to a^o Moeft cobIcthi. OfliHTenepB ne 6effB caMO- 

AOBOJIBCTBa npHHOMEHaJTB CBOfi CHOROftflUft, CAepjRaHHUft H TBOp- 

Auft TOffB. Ohi roBopaiTB, RaRB AOJiseHi roBopHTB HacTOfln^ijft 
MyjRHHHa, Ho offB He mohb ycToaTB npoxBB'B npocB6£i OTi](a no- 
AOKAaTB, npoBipHTB ce6fl, H corjiacHjicfl noAoacAaxB eniie roA^. 
Oiqy xoriuiocB, hto6h oh'b rohihjtb o4)HaepcRie rjubccbi. Oh'b, 
BacHJiift, cooGpasHJTB TorAa en^e, hto roAi> dioTB ne nponaAOTB: 

OWb rOTOBHJICfl Kb yHHBepCHTeTy, Aft H Bl MaTeMaTHRl CB ^B8H- 

soft HOABH^Jicfl. C'B Toro HaifjiTHaro ahh hh ok!b, bb 0Tei](i He 
HOXHHaxH odi yHSBepcHTerb he cjiobohi, he HaMOROMB. Heyxejra 
ereiTb AyvaerB, hto owb 8a6uji'B? 

A ecjra OTOITB echojihetb yrposy h HanHmerB yHEBepcEier- 
eKOMy HanajiBCTBy?.. ^to-jri? Ohx yflAOTB yHHTbca 8a rpaaEAy. 
7flAon> xoxB nimROMBl TairB Ha&AerB sapafioTORi h 6yAerB 
7hhtbch«9 Yhejuch jro TaR'B BB ROHi^ HpoQiJiaro B^Ra A^A*^ ero b'b 
JleftaKEri, cjiyaRa nepeBOA^nROH!B y pyccREXB RyoiioB'B, Oai ne 

M 1. OtKkBk I. • 2 



18 P7CCS0E BOFATCTBO. 

xrpondkflfiTb, BOSBMerB CBoe... Oieij^i roBopiurb: <CBiSbRO, BacEJdt, 
BosiceHTSuTB cBOHX'b cnoco6HOCTJix'b». Offb Tose caifoe rOBOpSTB 
H ToHi... A cam b'b ^jurk ropAvica^ Rorxa Bcb yHHiejifl roBO* 
pHTB, HTO OHH o(5a H6 y^aTCfl, a 6yAT0 npHnoMHHaiorE snaROMoe. 
BacHJnft He pasi b'b CTyxeHHecROft ^pifi xoahjtb Ha JieRitiH bh^ 
CT% cb Poc6axo]rb, h ohh o6a TaK'b nepeAaBajm JieiaiiH, tto ciy- 
AeHTBi npopoHHJiH Hifi npo^eccopcTBO... 

IlycTB PocCax-B 6jjifiTh npo4>eccopoirB. BacHJda ne tsejjlo 
R'B ynenoft sapBepi. Ohi meju'B bi* ynnBepcHTerB pa^H naHBHOft 
H niuiRoft HaftexAU ysnaTB bck)— ne nenie, RaRi bcio— HCTHny 
acHSHH... Bon oho canoe HyqHTejiBHoe,— ne sHaiB, tji^ npaB^a, 
RaR'B acHTB... KaR:B 6iiTB rpaxAAHHHoiTB, He 8Haa, b'b toitb 
npaBAa?.. Ot6ip» y^HJTB CBoeft npaBA^... H too xe?.. CeBacronoJUB 
CAani... Fopaw BCOHXHyjiH ni^eRH iohohie, h cepme caumocB nA^ 
BoiTB H 6oji[Bio, TO^HO OTB cepAi(a OTpiiBajiH RycoRi... cIIIanRaMH 
8aRHAaJiH!> y nero BBipBajica ajroSnuft oAtl. Mucjeb 8apa6oTaj[a 

6hCTP^. npH^aiHBI nOSOpa HSBiCTHBI, HHX'B RpH^arB BCIOAy... 

HeB'iasecTBO, ji^hb^ xojiohctbo, npoAasHOCTB, BopoBciBO neBo- 
o6pa8HMoe, npoHSBOJi'B BJiacreft!.. <BjiHsaflmia npH^niHu^, roBO- 
pHTB orei^B. Ho TOO jRe cosxajio diH SjouRaflmla npvnHu? 
IIoBop'B He B'B HopaseniH, nodops B'B toitb, KaRB oho npnamo, 
noBop'B Bi TOH'B, TOO OHO sacjiyseHO. Orei^B roBopHn: cBojebo 
npaBOcyile, EorB noRapaii sa HenpaBAy...» Hy, sjioxiH sa- 
csysHJiH BosBK) Rapy, — rb SJioffbH, noAJieipi, ROTopmrB h^tb 
HMeHH... A dTH neciacTHue cojiaath — repoH, dTHnysHRH, orop- 
BaHHue orB cchbh, otb coxh, Roiopuxi rnajiH na yCofl cb to- 
nopaini noA:B nymRH! 3th RaoiiRH, Roiopue xenepB xoAan no 
idpy? 3a hto ohh CTpaAaiOTB? A rk Jiany cbok) cocyn, a& 7 
Mopa noroABi SAjnl-* 

t FojiyCue ratasa bohohih cBepRHyjm xojtOAHHirB 6jiecsou% Jies- 
bIh crajiH. . Ohi AJHajTB o lixi, hbh Hvena lorAa 6wm na 
Bcix'B ycrax'B, RaRi HMona JiiOAeft, npeAaBaBmnx'B oie^ecTBO 
HB'B HHSRHrB no6yaKAeHift HOAJioft RopucTH...II|'6j[Ufl TyHH xamiHH- 
soB'B H npHCJiysHHROB'B. ?T0 jRe BTO?.. <Tose ecTecTBeHHBia 

HOCJI']&ACTBifl A&HHHX1» npH^HHB» — RaR'B rOBOpflTB Vb CTyAOH^e- 

CRHX'B RpysRax'B. Bee ^tQJIaeTCfl oaho sa Apyroe... EcxecTBeH- 
Hua nocJi%ACTBia npEHBHi, ROTopsuL caKH 6UJIH HOCJiiACTBiaMH npoA- 
mecTBOBaBnmx'B— H laR'B Aaai^ej Bce AftJ^^ h AftJrbe, ao OesRone^- 
HOCTH OTOABHraacB B'B rj[y6B h iBuy nponunaro... ^IIpHpoAa rap- 
MOHHHHa H HOBHHyeTca B^HHiiMi saROHaifB. .. » CoiHmajDrB! H OTei^'B 
roBopHTB 8T0. Xopomo yrlmeme!., IIpHpoAa ne cosaaerB no- 
HOJiOB'lqecRH. A TyrB cepAKe rhhhti h hcxoahti RpoBBio... 

Oh'b cnajni ^ypaxRy h orep'B njnaiROiirB BJiajRHBift j[o6'b. 
HayRa otb^thtb eny Ha Bce. Ona yRaserB, RaRB aTon npoRaa- 
Tuft xaocB nepecosAaxB bx ^ejioBiqecRyio schshb. HayRa!.. Ciy- 
AeHTu cM^iOTca aaA'B hhumh spei^aMH ea, soBytB aarypaMH on 



MOJIOAHB BCXOAU OTAPOft nOXOGU. 19 

fiayKH. Hjih HaKoniiTB AOHerL h cb'^sahtb bi JloEjsflWb si Qc- 
saHAepy? K)Homa cjmmaji'B o neirb caMue ^aHiacTHqecsie otsubu 
ji npo^ejii Roe-HTO hsi ero craieft Kb nejAuo HCRaseHHUxx cmi- 
CKBXb. HoHH HanpoJienb npocHXHsajTB ohx, nepe^HTHsaa to 
HcKaHAepa, to AKcaKoea h XoMaKOBa, cjraqafl, cpasHHEaa. B'b 
rojiOBi noAHflJica xaocB. K)Hoiirb Kasajiocb, 'ito iioarb ero pByn 
M9, ABi ^^acTH. HsMyneHEHft, owb me^ Bt Kiraccu; ho h Tam 
31 lOJEOBi^ ero RpyTHJica Bce totl se xaocx, n owl ho cjiBimairB 
HH cjiOBa Hsii JieKi^lii Ropa6jieBOSAeHiH. B'b roJiOBi hochjihcb 

^6piIBKH H8T> npOHHTaHHarO, H OffB He BHAiJI'B BUXOAa H8^ jia- 

6HpHHTa nepeKpenpBaBfflHxca MHCJieft, npoTHBopiHHBHX'B apry- 
MeHTOB-B H BJiHJica Ha ce6j!, pyraa ce(5a HAioTom sa to, hto 
diyjRAaerB bo jcpaK*. Otb €408^ HcRaHAepa no rkay lOHoms npo- 
(Jirajn TpeneTi, h, ho CMOTpa na ysacB, lOHOina qyajTB bi neiTB 
x^HJiy, BOTopaa Bjneoa ero hooaojuimo. %o bio sa ^ejioBiKi? Mo- 
jKerB 6litb, ohi CKaxerB cjiobo, pa3pifflaK)^^ee bc4 Myra co- 
KfliHia, CJIOBO, apKHM'B CBiTOTOiTB ocB^maion^ee HyTH auisHH... 

3th mucjih h TonepB BHxpeirB RpysHJiHCB b'b ropa^eft rojtOBi^ 
jOHaro o^Huepa. MeiRAy xiMi MpaqHoe, KasapMennaro BHAa SAame 
6hiJL0 yae 6jih3K0. %o CyAerB AOMa nocjA oCBacnenia? ToHKia 
pycBia 6poBH cABHHyjiHCB. IIoAHHtfeTca aA'B. Mansxa... 9to 6ujio 
xyace Bcero A^^ia iohohih. Ohi> poci thxhitb 6ojr]b3HeHHU]n» pe6eH- 

KOITB* IlepBHa OT^OTJIHBBia BOCHOMHHaHla: — AHKift BHSFB Ma?HXH: 

^Ecjin ceft'^ac^ ne ocTasHniB aioro moHKa, a coary AOifB>. H 
CB%^a y OKOHHHXi sanaB'&coRB. BarpoBoe, HCsaseHHoe apocTBio 
jumo TaiKB OTBpaTHTejibHO) nenajiBHoe, xMypoe jnmo OTAa naKJUO- 
HaeTca hsa* hhitb, OTeiyB eme Kpin^e npnsHMaerB ero ki> 
CBoeft rpyAH h yHOcarB. Pe6eH0K'B ApoacHTi BciiTB t^jioicb h 
cjiumHrB CJiOBa OTAa: cAHTOHHHa, nejiBsa TaR'B paanysAUBaTB 
ce6a».— «fl He Mory-BHAtTB, KaKx bvl ij-ijiyeTe nopTpoTi aTOft 
Mama! He Mory! Hexonyl HeciffiiB!* — H CHoaa bhsfb, xoxotb, 
ascTynJieHHHft nJia^'B. 

Pe6eH0R'B npaTajica b'b TeMHBie yrom otb CTpaxa n eme 60- 
jtie orb OTBpa^^eHla. Oh-b jiflnro He roBopnjTB, ho ho oti nao- 
xoro paaBHTia Mosra, a ot-b caa6ocTH ABaraTeabHHX'b MHam-B. 
HpoHHitaTeJiBHBift BarjiaA^ cb riBTB ciap'iecKHM'B BbipaaceHieiiB, 
KaKoe npnA^^erB A^TCKHifB raaaaiTB anraiftCKaa fioaisHB, hoam*- 
HaJii Bce, wo npOHCXOAnao apyroM'B. PeCenoKB roBopHai raasami 
H MHoroe roBopna'B ropasAO acnie, ^mi ero sAopoBtie poBec- 
ffliRH caoeaMH. H KaacAM* pasB, KorAa ototb BAyM'iHBBift crap- 
^ecKH-A*TCKift BsraaA'B ocTaHaBaHBaaca na Manaxi b'b pasrapi 
HeacTOBOfi citeHH, ona Kpaiaaa: c^ero BBinyqaaB cboh 6ypKa- 
jM», a Ha Aynii y aea nxeBeaaaocB aenpiaTHoe ^yBCTBO. JtfaTB 
ea, KOMHcapma CaAopoBa roBopaaa, hto btot-b n^eaoKi Moacerb 
•craasHTB CBoaiiH raasaMH... 

SaCHTHM-B Baca He Sbrpoci. Ha roneala Ma^axH, hh AacE(H- 

2* 



20 PyCCJEOX BOFATCIBO. 

DJIlIHa OTI^a HO CJIOHHJIH BFO. 7 KpOTRErO, THXarO MaJIBHBKa 6£U[a 

CBOA BOJUi, KOTopafl BURasuBajiacB 6oJi']^e OTpHi^aTeJiBHO. «KorAa 
oHii Hero He saxonerb, saJioBajiacB haha CaBejiBeBHa, to xotb^ 
wb cTjuiA TOJiKHy OHi Bce CBOOi. Haha h cecTpa MapycA, 
KponiKa cTapme ero HerupBiia roAaHH, 6ujir ero anrejiaHH xpa- 
HHTejuitfH. Bi> Kopnyci xoBapamH npo3BajiH ero A^BHOHRofi sa 

TO, HTO OHl yXOAHJLl OTB ccopi, HO npHHHBiaJll yHaCTlH Vb AB- 

SHX'B AP&RSkxi H B^HHO CHA'^^ B^B ypjiy CB RHHSKOfl. Ero npe- 
BHpaJiH cHa^ajia sa to, hto ohi cb TOBapmi^avH ho ycrpaHBajTB 
€KaBep8i» yHBTeJOAKi. Ho RaBepsu 6ujih tar'b rjiynsi, h ohi ne 
noHBHaJU'B, mo HaxoAHJiH b'b bbx-b cMinmoro h Becejuaro TOBa- 
pHn^H. HHBia majiocTH KasaaiHCB any npocTO «noAJiocTBio», — 
EorAa Bxi) ycTpaHBajHH y^BxeJiAMi, 6uBmHHi> bi saroHi, — y^n- 
xeJiAUi HHCTonHcaeiA a pncoBasiii, hjih cicBpeHHOMy h ceHTBueu- 
TajaHOMy Himiy, ROTopBift jhoSbjiii A'^Teft. IIo sajioOib draxi 
neAaroroBi nanajiBCTBO pacneEaJio bbhobhux'b tojibro ji^a BBAa. 
OAHaRO, cjiynatt noRasajiii TOBapBiii;aH'B, nro BacBRa IlajifliQiHS 
He «A%BHOHRa». Ha npsroBopi ABpeRTopa npaiiipHo buc^^b oa- 
Horo yneHBRa cTapmefi poTu sa HapymeHle ABCi](BnjiflH£i Ha jjieh% 
saMiiOHHoe BjnacTAMH, BacBJiifl saRpaqajn: <3to HecDpaBeAJnsBol 
fl BHA^JiiI Owh He BBHOBaTB!» He cajMs OHB saRpBHajTB, Hnuhma 
saRpB^aao b'b neirB, TaRi nepeAaaaji'B owb OTity axy HCTopIio. 
HoTpeSoBajra, hto6b( ou% pascRasajii, ^to bha^^, b bua^ui^ bb- 
HOBaTaro; ohi MOJLqan'By ero buc^rjib. ToBapan^B CRasaJiH eM\ 
AypaRa: ne sa T0BapBni;a BCTynajica, a sa CTapmaro,— -ho npesH- 
paxB nepecT&sB. Cxapmie; bh'^cto cnacBfio, naApaJiB eMy yniu, 
RaRii cwbjn> MimaTbca ne bi CBoe a^Jio. BejiBRa Cikjifi^ bkic^rjib 
6u npB BceMi Ropnyci! Ji^^jio 6ujio 6ti Ron^eno, a TenepB Ayniy 
TAHyrB Aonpocaif B. MHRBBSBTopcRie Aonpocu TAnyjiB Aymy b hs'b. 
OABHaAnaTB JiibTHAro MajiB^BRa^HO HBRTO o6:b BTOUi He AyMaJii: OHl 
sari^ai bck) RyrepBHy. Eohhbjiocb rlirb, hto CTapmie nopimnjiK 
6pocBTB 2Epe6ifl, ROMy 6bitb BBinopoTUMi. HanajiBCTBO SHajio bto, 
HO 6My Sfiuii Byxiewb BHHOBaTufl, HyjRHa aRseRyuia A^^fl panopTa. 
BacBJiift saBRHyjica 6ujio, ^to co cTopoHur BBHOBaTaro ne^ecTHO, — 
caifB AOJURBHi 6ujvh cosHaxBCA, a He noACTaBJiATB TOBapBH^a noA'B 
posFB, — B He MorB AoroBopBTB cpeAB noAHABmeftca 6ypB RpB- 
KOBi H 6paHH... €^paRi^, HAioTB, 6a6a!> 

MaflBHBRi eiofi 6oji'6e saMRnyjicA wb ceCa nocjii BToro cjny- 
Maa. Oh'b He mofb BupasBTB cjioaaHB to omyn^enie xicHOTBi b 
AyxoTu, ROTopoe ao ^BSB^ecROft 60JIB A&BBJib ero Bcb mecTB 
juirB RopnycHoft xbshb. Oh'b 0T6uBajrB HcnpaBHO Ropnycnyio 
noBHHHocTB, OTBOAH HO BOCRpeceBBan'B Ayniy, RorAa HaBln^aJn 
MapycKi Bi BHCTHTyr*. Ho botb, Rypci ROHneHi. Ohi amaJn>^ 
HTO sa CTinaMH Ropnyca OTRpoeTca .hobuA Mipi). OTeiifB OTAaJK*^ 
HiecTHaAaaTBjiiTHflro noApocTRa b!b o^BuepcRift Rjnacci, Cojiie 
paAB HaAsopa. IlajiHAHH'B othochtch cb npeHefipeseHieu'B, ecjiK 



MOIOAUE BGXOAU CTAPOfi nOIOGH. 21 

He Ki canniTb BUcmHMi hopcbhitb HayRaMi, — to Kb npenosa- 

BaHlH) B-B 3THX^ KJiaCCaXl. BaCHJiift RHHyJICfl Ha RHHTH, rjIOTaJI'B 

Bce, ^0 nonaAaJnocB hoa^ pyKy. 3AopoBaro sepna 6ujio TyrB 
HeMHoro,— 6ojii»me M^RHHti, nep^AKO oxpaBJieHHoft; ho sAopoBoe 
qyiLO Bupyiajio lOHomy: orb Hero OTCRaKHsajiH nomjuocTB h Jioxb. 
K'b Heiiy npHCTajiE ABa, ipii TOBapunta, a oahhx hsi HHX^, Poc- 
(iarB, CHJiOTHji'b neCojiBmoft Rpy^OR'L HHiaBineft h HuciiiiBmeA 
HOJiOAeJRH. Ha ^ocJ^6AHeM^ BRsaMeHi BacHJiifi naJUHituHb curpaJTb 
pojtB, ocTaBmyioca naAOJiro nanaTHOft bi ji'^xonHCH o$H^epcRHX^ 
RjiaccoB'B. PyccRyK) jiHTopaTypy HHTaji'B crapHR'B RaoBiaHi, ro* 
TopBift HO mejTB KBkJShme KapavsHHa, npesspafl IlymRHHa h <Ha- 
typaJUBHyio niROJiy». Bacujilft noAaJTB CBoeny Rjiaccy mucjib — ho 
roTOBHTBCfl no dTOMy Rypcy, a yHHTBca ho CTyAeH^ecRHM'B jieR- 
QuncB. Poc6ax'B OTRjuRnyjicfl nepBuft h j6iK'un> BecB Rjiacci. 
BacHJrift OTRpoBeHHO saBEAOBaji'B dioft BJnacxH Poc6axa naA^ 
ynaira, ero TajiaHxy roBopniB RpacHO, yBJieRaTOJUBHO h bocth apj- 
rH£B sa co6oA« Ho HHEi](iaTHBa mucjih BcerAa npHHaAJiesajia 

*eMy, BacHJiiH). 

Ha aRsaHenl nepBuft BUdBanHuft MH^HaHB; bsabi Cnjierb^ 

'HOJiosHJH ero o6paTHo h CRasajEi^ hto He roTOBHJuca no axoHy 
Rypcy. Biopot, ipexift h t. a« hobtophjih to se canoe 6yR- 
BajiBHO, BTO po6RO, RTO CM^Jiie. OcTOJi6effiibBinee orB TaRoro 6e3- 
npmribpHaro ^aRxa nanajiBCTBO MOJUHajiio, aRsaMeHaTopzi OTMinajiH 
vb CHHCRi OTB^TH. jljomjia o^epoAB AO BacHJiifl IlajiHKfiiHa. Oh:b 
CKaaaJix, tto bocb RjKaccB nopimnjTB ne roxoBSTBCfl no axoicy 
Rypcy, ROTopufl ne ymrB pyccRoft JiHTepaTyp'S hxx BpeiceHB, a 
AepaBHTii Hxi na OTSHBineMi npomjioirB; ohh ne a^th, HiciiOT'B 
npaso SHaxB, hto HHrnyrB hxi coBpeMOHHERH.. Ohh npoxoAflTi 
yHHBepcBTeTCRifl sypc^B juTepaTypu n fotobbi CAaTB aRsaiieHi no 
dTOMy Rypcy. B^ortb Bumejii:B noTp^caion^ift, AHpORTopi* noTe- 
pHJTB rojiOBy H; onpoHOTBH) RHHyBmHCB BOHi> Hsi* sajiu, noixajTB 
Kb BucmeMy na^ajiBCTBy. Mojioaojrb cb saTaeHHoft TpeBorofi jKA&Jia 
BcxoAa <HCTopiH». BacHJiift AynajiB o toicb, tto CRaserB pxei^i, 
cuTaBmlft nepjuoifB pyccROft noaaiB cHohh npv RpecT%» IIIb- 
pHHCRaro^niHXHaTOBa, BnocoiiACTBlH MOHaxa na Aeoni. <ncTO- 

pia> ROHHHJiaCB THRB, RaRl M0JI0A03RB UOrJia Oa^BA&TB JIBmB Bl 

caHHXi paAyJKHHX'B He^Taxi: yse na^BHajnacB nopa jiiiCepajB- 
Buxi B'bflHift, oco6eHHO b:b MopcROirB BiAOMCTBi. ApxaH^ecROMy 
npenoAasaxejio oxRasajni, 6BiJiib nparjianieH'B BSBicxHufi jieRTop'B, 

HSTB yHHBepCHTeTCRBX'B. Owb BJUHJTB Ha HOJIOAOJRb, B BaCBJilft Cl 

PocCaxoui nopimBJQx hath bi yHBBepcBTerB. 3a cBCTopiioi £ropi 
nerpoBBH'By wb jsjmb ropAHCB x^itb, hto cuwb cnoco6eHB sa- 
TbsTb H AoaecTH nino jsfl ROHi](a, pacneRi ero h fjuaiji'b hto- 
HieiTB cHo^eft npn RpecTi», noBTopaa: cBoti dTO noasiii: bob- 
BumeHHOy npeRpacHO, ne to, hto Bam^B nymRHHB h JlepMon— 

TOBlI» 



2t pyCCKOE BOrATGTBO. 



IV. 



BOTb H pOAHOe RpUJIBI^O 6JIH8KO, HO MapjCH H6 Bfil6i«BT^ 

yjKe HaBCTpiiy, Mapyca! Cepftife lOHoniH 6ojibho cacajnocB. ^o- 
pdroft DHJiKifl Poc6axi», onacaacB, ^to BacHJiifl ycTynnrB bt> 
fiopBC*! c% OTiioirB, pascRasajii eiiy to, hto bba'I^ji'b cbohbih rjia- 
saMH B ^TO, no ero MH^Hiio, aoji^ho 6hjio BoopyjRnTB TOBa- 
pHma npoTHB'B fceMeflHaro ;^ec^0TH8Ma>. Ha 6ajiy y totkh Poc- 
6aza, Mapycfl nocni BajiBca, shmoA, bt* TpecKynift Moposi, bu- 
6isaJia Cb otkputuhh njie^aifn, b'b 6aJii>HUX'B 6ainMa^ax'L Ha 
ABopi; ona xoAHJia no entry, xBaiaiia cnirb ropcT^ME n buth- 
pajna bmi meio h rpy^B. PocSax'B, Koxoparo nocujiajiH bi an- 
T6Ry sa KanjiflMH ]i,Jisi oAHOft Aann, ynaBmefl bi> o6MopoR%, na- 
TRHyjica na Mapycio, Ohi cxBaTHJit ee sa pyRy h HacHJiLHO no- 
Tan^HJi'b B'B AOHi, ynpeRan sa CesyMie. Mapyca OTB-lnaJia cno- 
ROflno: cBto canoe yMHoe, hto a Mory cjtjiaTb*. H BarjiaAi, ea 
Cuji'L TaRofl — He CTpamnuft, ne 6e8yMHufi, no RaRoft to cxpaHHO 
cnoRoftnuft, 6yAT0 sacTUBmift. Y ABepeft nepoAHeft Mapyca CRa- 
aajia: «Poc6axx, ecjm bu necTHHfi neJioBiRi, nnROMy— nH*cjioBa!> 
EasAoe cjiobo Poc6axa na bck) jbhshb BpisajiocB b'b naH^TB 
BacBJiiH. H OHz HH^ero ne noAosp^BajnI Mapyca H.aRJiHRajia na 
ce6a npocTyAy, oti* ROTOpoft B'B mecTB neA^JiB ncxaajia b'b cro- 
poTOHHOft HaxoTR'i. JI^OManiHlft aA'b rnaji'B ee bi saMyscecTBO Cb 
dTHMi TefiHRe. He Horjia-Ke Mapyca HajiBiJ^BiHa hojiig^btb hoa- 
jicna TefiHRe, y ROToparo b'b sRBnajRd^ jih)ab Hpyr'B, RaR'B icyxB 
nocji'l oxpaBH. Bi nepnyio HBsyTy ona AaJia cjiobo b ne xorbna 
6paTB nasaAT).'* CRanAaji'B... ^btb onaTB bi aAy c% naHBxbft... 
Hjib Mapyca JiioCBJia aroro $OHi-TeflHRe? OnuTnaro ^on'B-lCyaHay 
AeRJianaTopa, niBi^a, xaMejieona, ROTopuft oCepneTca ^ivh 
yroAHO. BacBjiifi, xotb BooCnte ne yBajRaon n^fanle CJiaARBXi po- 
MancoBi B sBaji'B 8to coTpaceHieiTB B08Ayxa, ne hofb paBHOAymHo 
cjiymaxB n-lHle Tefi^Re. EapxaTHufi Tenopi, jiBBmlfica b'b Aymy, 
npBSHBajrb r'b paAOCTB^nacjuaxAeHiK), c^acTlio... Tefi^Re BCRpyjEBJi-B 
rojnoBy Mapyci... H BacBJiifi ne noAOspiBaJn! Eify HanncajiH 

nOMOJIBRi, B OHl, SaCHBl BCH) ^BJIOCO^ilO, paspaSBJICa B'B OT- 

HaaHHOHi, rn^BHOM'B b CRopCnoMi nBCBirb. 0, dTorb npoRJiaTuA 
AOMamnift aAi! ByAB HaxB bxx jRBBa, — Mapyca ne Aajna 6u cjiobo 
dTOMy Hep8aBi](y c^onyi. IIotohi pasrjiflA^a, ho Bunecjia... Ho- 
TB&ia MapycJi... 

Ore^h He noAOsp^Baerb, OHtb HBRorAa ne aoji^rohb snaTB 8Toro. 
A Bce TaRB npBHBHa— 'OHi! lOnoma Aynaji'B o6'b onii Cb cosa- 
jiinleirB b rope^Bio. KaRB mofb TaRoft ^ejiOB^Ri AasaTB bojdo 
TaRoft 6a6i? Oh'b rjiyfioRO ysasaji'B onta. Oh-b SBaji'B ne oabhb 
cjiynaft, ROFAa IlaoiBi^iHi nuRasajix na cjiy«i6% p'^A^oe uysecieo, 
xaace trepoflcxBO^, RaRi roBopnjiB cocjiyjRBBipi. £orAa Bck Tpe- 



HOJlOAtlB BCXOjPi GTAPOK nOJIOGH. 23 

neranH n6p6A:B moidihumi BJiasuRoft, iipH6uBni]i]rB He bi ;|[yx$, 
sorna HeBHHHue nojierinH 6h b'b OTCTaBRy, otoitb ero — lorAa 
MjiaAiDlft jiefiTeHaHT'B Ha Ropa6j[%;— BurcTynHJTBBnepeA'B h TBepAO, 
6e8i CTpaxa CKasajTB cjhobo npasAU bi* 3ani;HT7 ofiBHHeHHux'B. 
n B:b AOM% TaRoro nejiOB^Ra noJinoBJiacTHO xosflftHHHaerB Ahto- 
HHHa CHAopoBHal... AHTOHHHa GHAopoBHa pacnopfla^eic^ n ynacTBio 
A^Tefi) WiSEie He cbohxi A'^^eft. Oiemb oiAaJi'b ero, AecfliHJi'lTHaro 
Majmma, bi sopnyCB, napymnjn cbok) neAarorHqecRyio CHCieify, 
npeAnHCUBaBmyio CAaBaiB bt^ jw^jaimfi najiBURa jiItb ipEHaA- 
iQiTH, H6TupHaAi](aTn, RorAa ohi* yKpinnTCA AOMa bi npaeiijrax'L 

HpaBCTBeHHOCTH H cBipU XpHCTOBOfi». H XeuepB, eCJIH6H He lia* 

HHxa, OTeiifB cRopie corjiacHJica 6u na ynHBepcHTerL. Manexa 

COHTOI paCXOAOB'B H HaCTpOHTB OTI^a. BnpO^eiTB, B1> BTOWb BacH- 

jilft omflCajicA: €HacTpaHBaHi>e» Ma'iHXH hh na lOTy ne noBjriajio 
Ha pimenle OTna. H b'b Ropnyci naJiHAUH:b OTAajrb iiajiHma 
TOJELRO nocH*! TOFO, RaR'B y6iABJiCH, HTO A^ A'^Tefl ero noRO&Hoft 
MamH ero AOitb, fa^ BOABopejiacB JocHBaa h sjiaa seHH^HHa,— 6y- 
Aen AypHOfi mROJooft. IIo aToft scenpBqHB'ioTAaJi'BOH'BB'b hhcth- 
ijTb Rpomsoft H MapycH). Tan^b a^th noA^HneHBi o6mfiuj nopsA- 
Ky,— HJioxouy, ho ace jnynme RanpHSOBii Ahtohbhu Chaopobhu. Oh'b 
no uicsijjfixb B'B Mopi, a a^xh 6e83an](HTHfii wb ea pyRax'b. Ho 

BaCHJUifi HO SHaJTb 061 dTHX'S ropbRHXl JSJMdLX'b OTJlfi. 

Ha ji^mi y idhohih cianoBBJiocB Bce Taseji'ie, Tlin> 6jiHace 

OHl HOAXOAHJI'L R'b pOAHOMy K^UMhUiJ. %0 JRAeTB OFO AOUa? Ho- 

yxejiH paspuBii ci oti(Omi>? PaapuB'b na bch) oRHSHbl... Bnpoieirb.. 
ecjiH AaJRe h TaRi, ohi snaerB, hto ho OTCTynHTB. OxeAi yse 
OKasascfl oAHasAu TaRi» thjrro ho npaBi, — h owb ne npoRJiOHHTca 
nepoAB ero ipeCoBamflMH bi> a^ji^ eBoeft auisHH... 

V. 

— BacHJiift HeipoBHTB npl'^xan. CeftnacB npHHecjiH nniHejiB 
H ^eHOAan^HRiy — oCiflBHJia, san&ixaBmHCB, CTapaa haha, BSisaB- 
mafl B'B Ra6HHerB*— Ceftqaci npHAdrB, rojiy6HHRi> HOft! 

GiapymRa ^yiB ne njiaRajia orb paAocin, Tana no6jiiAH&Ka. 
3HHa BCROHHJia CB irbcTa h saRpniajia, BHssa: 

— Baca, rojiyfi^HRi, ununnt. Botb paAOCTB to! fl ne aRAaJia. 

— H acAaaa,— CRasajta sHaqHTeaBHO ToHa« 

Orei^^ BsrjiaHyji'B na nee hutjibbo h HaxiiypHJica ex laxe- 
JuntB BdAOxoMii* CeroAHa ABaAi^aToe Maa« EaRi hohb ohb saduTB, 
UTO BacHJilft Jipiij^erb h onarB sa CBoe. To^ce HaaBipiH'B! — ne 
ycryiEHTB. 

-r- CaAHCB, Sana, h AOHHTUBaft hobbiA ypoRi. 

3HHa npHTHXJia noA% CTponnrB osphroatb on^a, nyraacB, ao- 
^nrajia ypoKB h, hh caosa ne noHHHaa, npocaymaaa noBTopennoe 
o6!BacHeHie. 



24 ' P7CCB0B BOrATCTBO. 

BomejTb BacHJilft. Cecrpu RHHyjracB ri Heiiy. Oe'b o6iciHAJiicji 
BsriiiAOM'B CB ToHeft b noAomejuii r'b oti^. 

— nana! fl... 

— SxpaBCTByft, — KopoTKo nosAopoBOJicH oreuh, npoTflrHaax 
pysy, KOTopyio cuhi» noHTHrejitBHO noiirbJiOBajii'B. 

lOHoma noBAopoBajica c^ cecipaHH h noTOicb en^e paBi no- 
i($jiOBaji'b ToHK), KOTopaa He CBOAHJia ci Hero TpeBosHaro, jik>- 
(lan^aro Bsrjiiai^a. cBy^b noROftaai^, otb'Ithjii obtb eft BsrJiflAoirb, 
en^e pasB Rpi^URO no»caB;B eft pyRy. 

— Ob ROMaH^joft nplixajTB? — cnpocHJTB OTe^•B. — Bhjtb npn- 
Ras'B Bi Hope BcliTB ahbhsIhitb. 

— Hirb,— OTBiTHJTB BaCHJBlft ROpOTRO, H HH SByRB TpeBOM 

He 6BIJI0 BB ero rojioci. 

Ohi 6ujib cnoRoeHi, aro 6fiiJio cnoROftcTBie HeHsv^HHaro pi- 
meHifl* IIpeRpacHu^ rojiy6ue rjnasa cmotp'Ijih acho h npano b% 
rjiasa OTi^a. TohrIa H^kHua ^epiu no^rn s^BH^ecRaro JDii](a, 
noRpuTBifl poBHUHi BeceHEHiTB sarapoiTB, TaR'B ORHBO nanoMHHaB- 
min IlaJiHi^Hy ero He3a6BeHHyH) Mamy, BupamaJiH HenoROJie- 
6HMyK) tnajiHipiHCRyK) bojiio^. ^yTB-^yiB noAepHyrua nym- 
ROJTB n^eRH He no6j['lAH^^ hoa^ npBCTajiBHBiMi n cypoBBurb bsfjih- 
Aoifb OTi](a. MajiOHBRaa cyxon^aaafl ^Hrypa, RasanocB, 6uoa OTjmTa 
Mffb CTain. XapaRiepno onepneHBHa ry6u h npaifoft, hohth hoth- 
peyroj[BHiift jioCi HanoMHHajiH on^a, h 3TH qepTK cxoACTBa b!b 
dry MHHyTy pasApaacajiH craparo IlaJinAUHa. 

— Th yrpoHi npiixaiTB? TeaepB nirB napoxoAOBi. 
-^ Ha artk Poc6axa. 

OTeqi HaxtfypHJicH. Ohi TepniTB ho mop^b ocrsefteRHxi 6a- 
pOHOBi sa HXB cnicB H sa TO, HTo 0HH9 6jiaroAstpH cbohmi cba- 
sjEiirB, nepeCHBaiorb pyccRRMi Aopory; Bopo^eiTB 3th hoboau 6£uih 
Mejio^aMH wh cpaBHeniH cb ochobhuitb h rjiy6oRHirB: RorAa, b^ 
AHH IDHOCTH noipi EropHHi Bi coCn^ecTai Apyseft ^ejioaW- 
CTBai CTpoBOTb HJiaHu HepecosAaiB Pocciio, ABa 6apoHa saflBHJiHy 
^0 AO PocciH HitB Hi^rB HBRaROFo A^^Jia H OHB BipHKe BaccajDi 
repiiora RypjiaHACRaro, JlBtj^jiBHACRaro b 3cTJLflHACRaro. 

— Bi sHaiB jifoeraB? Aro a roBopBJui? 

— nana, Poc6ax'B se TaRoft. Bu snaeTe, hu BcerAa BiAcri 
saHBHajiBCB en^e cb Ropnyca. 

— OmycRii BsajTb? PasBi asuqi? TenepB Ra^aiBca fotobb- 
TecB HeoRAy neiepro^oifB b RpoHmraATOU'B? 

— He CpajTB. BosBpan^aiocB Benepoin*. 

— SaTiiTB nplixaJTB? 

— CeroAHH ABSM^AaToe icafl. CpoR'B roh^bjuoi. SL npi%xaj% 
npocHiB BacB, nana, oinycTBTB MeHB bb yBBBepcBierB. 3to ho 
MBHyTHoe yBJie^eHie. 3to a^o iliaoft jrbbhh. 

— n^ijLoS? — ycM^XHyjiCfl 4ako oiei^. 
CuH'B MOJi'ia jRAajiB pimBiejoiBHaro cjnoBa. 



MOIOAHB BCXOAS CtAPOfi nOlOGil. 25 

— OoflTS sa ciapoe? — XMjpjicB, ycTajniirb fojiocom'b nporoBO- 
pHJii najnutuHi 6oji'&6 ce6i, '^'Im'b cuHy. 

Ob% dkjiT> H 8a6apa6aHHJi'B naoiBi^tMB 00 CTojry, CMOipa bi 
OKHO, HT06U H6 BCTp^THTb yirojiAH>ii(aro BSFJi^Aa 6oj[LinHX'b rojiy- 
6ia'b rjiasi— rjnasi ero MamH* Ghhi* cA^ajii mari ri OTiQr. 

— liana, wb naM^TE noxoftHoft HaiepH, yMOJiflK), Bucjiymafire 
MOHfl Bi nocju^AHift pas'b. 3to He npHxoTB, ne ^aHrasi^, a&x> 
Bam ^ecTHoe cjiobo, — aio cepBesHoe, rJiyCosoe y6'b;sAeHie. 

— Mhofo Bxi 6yAerB en^e BnepeAn y xeCn, cepLesHuxi le 
y6iaW6Bift!— RpiSBO ycMixHyjici] oxeirB. — Mojioko na ryeaxi He 
06COXJI0, a Tyxa se: ca^jio i^oft jrbshh, yfitacffeHie*! 

rojiy6ue rjiasa MerfiyjiH HCKpy, rop^^aa icpacRa sajnuna mo- 
JOffoe JiHi^o, HO rojtocB sBy^aJi'B no npesHeHy thxo h choroAho: 

— Bu Moseie sanpeniiaTB imi' nocxynHTB b'b yHHsepCHTerB, 
Mosexe npornaTB neHfl, ho ck^tbch na^i amUMu cJiOBaHH bu 
HO HvleTe npaBa— aTO gkio Moeft cob^ctii! 

nampiHi cMyrnjiCA: aio cjioBa ero noRotHoft Mamn. Hmh OHa 
OTBiTHJua eiiy Ha sanpen^eHBe BVffbTBca cb nospyroft, fipocHBmeft 
rpyCaro peBHHBqa h caiiOAypa Mysa, 6ponreHHOfl[ yBaeRmHirB ee 
^paHTOMi H saRJieBaHHoft bc^mh Ao6poAiT6JiBHiniH MaTpoBamf 
ropoAa. 3to 6u3lo bi nepBue m^cbi^h hx'b Cpannoft shshh: ohi 
6oiucsi XXfl cBoero canrejiai rHCejiBHaro npHM'ipa h ocRop6Hjn>, 
CojOBO ocRop60Jii ee houctuitb noAospteieiTB. 

— 9x1 BU, MOJiOAeiRB,— yCMixHyjicH oh^ h tojuocb ero sasBy- 
lajTB Marne. — BooCpaHaere, 6yxT0 bu oahh BUAyMam h «a^o 
qijioft «H8HH>, H <(y6iaRseHia>. CairB eujcB voJiOffB, yajieRajica 

BCaRHlCH ^HJSOCO^KHHE, H HOJI... — OWb HOHepXHyJICfl— H MHCTH- 

^ecRHiiR HAeaifH, HocHJica, KaRB nunonRa 6e8'B pyjia h rpe6iia, no 

HOpCRBlTB BaJiaM'B, HORB, HO MHJ[OCTH 6osdefl, HO HamejiB HHp- 

flyiD H Bi»pHyH), exHHyio BipHyio raaaHB. 

— Mni He HspHaa raaanB ny^na... 

— JQ[a, — HpoHH^ecRH H HaHHHaa BHyipenHo pasApasaTBca, 
nepe6HjrB oreiJ^B. — SI 3a6ujii, too bu c^ Mapyceft pacniBaxH 
<A 0Hi> HaresBUft npocHn 6ypH>, a Tona BaMiBiopmia... J^i- 
BO'iRH, — ciyaafiie OTCH)Aa» ne aame a^o cJnymaiB, — o6paTHJiGa 

OWb KB AOHOpaMB. 

RaaajiocB, Bca shshb nepemjua wb HCKpHBmieca leMHo-ci^pue 
nasa Tohh; cypoBO cABHrajiHCB hotoh npaioia rycrua 6poBH na 
noCjribAH^BmeM'B jmi^, RaacAaa ^epia ROioparo 6ujia nanpasena 
ycHJiieirB ne BUAaiB Bojmenia h cxpaxa, lepsaBmHXi cepAi^e x^- 
BOHRff. JIhhsro 3hhu A^prajTOCB, CAepjRHBaa cnedJoiByio rpnicacyi 
apRO RpacHUH ry6u orronupHBajincB 6e3o6pa8Ho; Aposa, na p%c- 
HBiiax'B noBHCJUH cjiesu, Aposaaa h A^aoHRa Bcim CBOHii'B apo- 
meqauMi Tn^eAynmuMx t^omi. 

A^BOWH ynuni, orjnaAUBaacB na otfoacaeMaro 6paTa, o6oApaa 
ero BsraaA^ura, yjiuORaiai. 



26 P7CCR0B BOFATCTBO. 

— Hy, xenepB nocjiymaeM'B, qio CRasemB HOBaro? — ^tobopejtb^ 
IIuHiQiHii, npHspuBafl HpoHieft noAHHHaBineeca bi AymiTJise- 
jioe ^yBCTBO. Eiry cAaBajiocB, ^to no6ij[flTb He oei, a cuh'b. 

Ohi BcraJTB, sanepi ABeps na rjhotb h noiom RpynnuMR 
TJUKejmtfH maraMH naiaorb MipaiB KOimaTy. 



VI. 

OAHa HBi ABepeft Ka6HHeTa, narjiyxo sanepTan, BuxoABJia b:b 
Ticmift ^yjiaH^BKB, OTBeABHHHft HflHi. 3a dToft ABepBK), npanaBi 
yxoMi, CToajia HHsenBRaa RpyrjieHBEaa CTapymsa, cABBHyB'B Ha 
6oR'B ^enen'B ci o6opRaMH, MimaBmift cJnymatB, z to n a^o Rpec- 
THjiacB, CMazHBafl cjDiesu, Roiopux'B y nea 6hun> HeHcion^Biaift 
ncTOHHHRi Bi rjiasaxi h b'b Aynii. 

CasejiBeBHa BupociBJia nepsyio seHy IlajiHAiiHa. AnronHHa 
GBAopoBHa, BusHBaBmaa h8i> AOMa Apyseft MyjRa, poAHio Hena- 
BHCTHofl eft noRofiHBi^ H caHyio naiuiTB o neft, ociaBHJja hahk)^ 
^To6u H86aBHTBca on necHOCHoft jsfls. Hex boshh cb a^tbme 
Boo6n^e, a cb Kbthwn cManiRHi bx oco6eHHOCTH. 9to AaJio eft 
noBOA'B pHCOBaiBCJi npBiiipHoft uanxofi. Haha, onacaBinaaca, 
^no fROMBCcapcRaa AOHRa» 6yAerb hopbtb €cbpotori>» rojuoAOifB, 
BOABTB B'B OTpenBAxi B, Hosajiyft, BCTflsaTB,— HOHeBOJii Tepnijia 

H0Byi0 6apBIHI0,R0T0pyK), OAHaRO, HOHaBBJl^Jia BdtfB CBJiaifB cBoeft 

He8Jio6BBOft AyniB. Ona npociBJia 6hi Ileipy EropoBB^y BTopyio 
sefiBTB^y, ecjiB6u ohi» bsjijib cnpBpoAHyio b oCpasoBaHHyio 6a- 
puniHioi, xoTB HeifHoro noxosyio Ha noRoftHBi^y MameHBRy. Ha 

OHl BBeJTB B1> CBOK) CCMBK) A^BymRy He ABOpfiHCROft RpOBH, Aa 

emfi fBBtpocmyio bi Ra6aRi». Tookbro cJEasa, tto 6iuia b'b bhctb- 
ryrbj a cpasy bbaho bsi RaRoro rnisAa nrBAa. Hy, a& bi btoitb 
en^e He m BBna. A botb bjoiahb ona b s^ABMa, npasABi b co- 
b^ctb h^tb B'B Heft HB Ha rpoHTB..* H nana, htoCu orpaAS^B 
Abieft OTb npBMipa cRa6aii[Roft mjraHRB, sjoiahb BBiAbiai>, B'B 
CesROHeHHux'B pascRasaxi BOCRpemaJia noROftnyiocBoioMameHBRy: 

CBpOTRB JipJUBBU BHaTB B JHOCbTB HaXB. 

B% dTBX'B 6e8ucRycTBeHHHX'B pascRasaxx, corpiifiix'B toujioio 
He8a6B[BaK)nteK) jdoSobbh), naA^ Roropoft CescBJiBHa caHaa cuepTB, 
o6pa8i> MarepB, RaRi a^BBoft, saaenaTJiiJica bx ji:jw/b CBporB. Cia- 
piift dapBHi, ApBCiapxi EBJotaMHOBBHi, He Tbwb 6yAB noHfiHyri, 
Ciui^ CTporB B rposeHB. Bee nepeA'B hbitb ipeneiajio: RpecTBane, 
ABopoBue, x6tb b CapuHH. OAHa MamenBRa ne 6ojiJiacB oti^i b 
BcerAa sacTynaoiacB sa KasA&ro, na Roro cnaJU'B 6apcRift Twbh'b^. 
BcerAa OHa, ecjn tojibro 6uj[[a bobmoshoctb, CpaJia na ce6ii bhhbi 
B, MOjraa, <aHAej[BCRH», BUHocBJia HaRaBanie. Bch) sbbhb TepH&iia 
HyRy B noMorajia jhoaaitb, nacROJiBRO XBaiaao cbjtb. Tojibro b 
BHajia CHacTBa, RaRi Binnjia sa Herpa EropoBB^a. A& b HflHa 



MOJEOAUB BGXOAU GTAPOft nOJEOGU. 27 

Torsa BSffoxHyjia jnerKOy — h jsfisae cxoAHJia aa nojiTopacra sepcTB 
niniROini no o6iTy na 6oro]cojiBe — OTCJiyacHTB 6jiiaroAapcTBeHHiift 
KOJuetfeHi. 

Hahh codAaia bi ayqi'I ciiporb nyjibrb yMepmeft Maiepn. 
RyjiBTB dtOTb pasffi^JiH ToHfl H SsiHa. Aju Tohh noRoftnaa 
najnutuHa 6fiiJia CBiTJimci OAeajioirB n, Korxa MapycH h Baca 
6hum oTBeseHu b'b IleTepCyprB, oea nonpesHeiry npocBJua hahk) 
pascRasiiiBaTB tto Hii6yAB o <6apuniHi MameHLS'li, h Bce Ch 
Tbwb se saAHUMi HHTepecoH'b, cb liirB se yMnjuemeirB h 6jia- 
roroB^HieiTb cjnymana sth pascRasu. J^iso^KSL OTA^xana ATnioft, 
BorAa nepeA'B neio hochjica hbctujBi, CBiTJiuft odpaai aiofl «6a- 
puiDHH MameHBKH». 3iiHa, HHRorAa h6 AyvaBinaH he o EaRHXi 
€iipeBHcnpeHHOCTHX'E>, — RaKb nasuBajia AHTOHHHa CaAopoBna 
Bce, BuxoAHBinee sa paicRH e^ icMCJieft, ^bctbi h sejuanift,— 
rosae jrio6HJira cjiymaTB bth pascRasu. 

9to o6cToaTejiBCTBO en^e Rpin^e CBasHBajio hahk) cb a^tbmh 
cajTUAHH H B%ABHU», ROTopuxB oHa caMa BBrpOCTHJia. TOHi OHa 
B^ rjiiy6HQ'l AJinH oTAaaajia Aase npemfyn^ecTBo nepeA'B Mapyceft. 

— YXB BOTB TOHHHRa — HH BB JKHCTB He HOftAeTB npOTHBB CO- 

b4cth, AapoiffB, HTO ropAa h ropa%, bm bb Herpa EropoBHHa,— 
roBopEJia CTapynnca, cb cepAennoft 6ojibk) npRnoHHHaa, RaRB ea 
MapycH, Aaace RorAa pasrjuA^a xopomo CBoero cnpoRJiaiaro 
HiMita>, BceTaBB ne xoiijia oTRasaxB eicy, necicpTpa na cues- 
HUfl hojibCm BajtflBmeftca y nea bb noraxB hhhh... 

IlocJii yAajieeia ebb Ra6EHeTa, Tohh h^crojibro ceRyHA'B 
npocToajra bb nepimEMOCTE sa AaepBio, noTOEB BSHaxHyjia pysoft 
E 6iiCTpo E necjiHniHO npoHecjracB qepesB bck) an^EJiaAy napaA- 

EUXB ROMBBTB BB XeHHUft E TiCHUft HyJiaH?EKB, RyAa 

CBajiEBajiiE BcaRifl xjnauB, bb cROMsaTy hhhe>, RaRB SBaiut a'^te 

9T0TB CBOft HaAeSHHft npilOTB BB TOpBRiH MEHyiU. 

— %o TH? — ociaHOBEJia HaHH A^BOHRy,npflj[BHyBinyioyxoirB 
RB ABepHoft n^eJiE.— no HaHeHBKi nonuia, BUHioxEBaTB Aa eoa* 
uymBBaTB? 

Tohh o6epHyjracB. Ha jnsi^'l a'^bohre 6MJia TaRaaMyuTeJorBHaa Tpe- 
Bora, HTO cjiesu CHosa noTeRJiE no ApaGjiuirB n^eRaMi ciapyxE. 

— HaEfl, a HEROFAa se noACJiyniEBaK), ho TenepB...-*H0Jui- 
nviTB monoTOMB nporoBopEJoia ToHa:-rBacEHa xhbhb pimaerca. 
OffB caiTB CRasaJBB, Hana. 

Y Hea saApojRajiE pyRE. Ciapyxi CTaJio wuib, sa^iifB OHa 
TaRi o6opBajia Tohio; OHa noAajia eft RpyacRy cb boaoA, Bopna: 

— Toxe yiceHB, — pe6eHRa nanyrajiB! He mofb A^psaiB 

npo ce6a? 

— HaHEHKa, nycTEl Baca ace paano cRaxeTB. 

— He rose leSi cJiymaiB,— naneHBRa b^ab" sanepB AaepB 

H aaci npoFHajiB. A tu noACJiymHBaTBl 3a6£uia, hto ohb fobo- 
Pbjtb: noACJiymEBaiB — ace paBHO, ^o RpacTB. 



28 pyCCEOS BOrATOTBO. 

ToHfl noKpacHijia, h Bce laRH OHa 6ii CHoaa npHJiiiHyjia 
yxowb Kb ABepH, sa Roiopoft pasxasajracB BSBOJiHOBaHHue rojoioca. 
Gjiobi HeJiBSfl 611J110 pa8o6paTB, roBopHJiK na apttoitb KOEni kom- 
Hani H noHEzaJiH TUH^, nacROJiBRO nosBOJu^jro BoomeHle. B6%- 
aRasmafl bt> ^jxani 3RHa ocTaHOBHjQ[a noACoiyniHBaHBe: 3hh1 
HejDbsfl noRasaxB lasoro npHMipa. 

— Tofla! TomI— %o 6yAerL ci Baceft? Th h caiia CoHiiiBca, 
;i BHJRy, TOJibKO CRasaiB ho xo^emb. QRaacn! 

H Sana, o6xBaTnB'b cecrpy, npmiBHyjia Kb Heft roJiOBOft, noA- 
nasb Ha ea jnmo JuacROBUft h yMHJiBHHft bsfjuaa^. 

— Honero laRoro He CyAeTB,— OTBi^aoia nana sa Tohiq:— 
MOJhH jny^me, lOJEa! BipHO ysB ycnijia co cbohmh hoboctamh Kh 
naMami cjieTaTB h pasdjiaroBicTHTB, no BaceHBRa ba^cb. 

— fl H He 6£iJia y maman! fl noHHMaio, ^to mokho CRa- 
saiB efty HTO Hin— o6HaceHHO onpaBAHBajnacB Snea. — fl tojebro xo- 
AEJia HOCMOTpiTB, Tj(i maman, ne vffivb he oHa bi RaCiraerB. 
Maman sn^en. Eft XpHCTHHa cRasajia. 

— YacB 8Ton HyxoHCRift a^bojtb Aonecib, — ^npoBopnaia 

HJIHJi: — OTBflBHTCfl TenepB AHTOHHHa CHAOpOBHa BB Ka6HHeTB. 

y Heft noAH-RacB lenepB yniRE na MaRymKi, no y ori^i n 
cuHOMi HejiaAu nomjra. 

— y maman rocTH, — CRasaoia 3BHa. 

— CTynaftre, — ne to naaeHBRa ycJonnHn^ no mu lyirB 
meHHeHCfl* CTynafixe^ niroiKsiy n ycepAH^ MOJonecB Bory, hto- 
<$Bi nponecB rposy. 

QiBeAfl A^BOHeRB b'b sajiii h BepHyBBiHCB vb cBoft HyjiaHHHRi^, 
CTapyxa, ne CHotpa Ha HeAasHie ynpeRH Toh%, caHa npHnaia 
yxoiTB R'B ABepH H CHOBa CTaJta npHCJuymsBaTBCfl; y nea myirbxo 
Bi ymaxi h rojkothjiocb cepAae, ona HcnyraHHO KpecnutacB 
npH xasAoiTB noBumeniH roJuocoBib, a cjiesu TaRi h RanajiH na 
mepCTAHoft masoBuft njotaioKB, saROJiOTuft na puxxoft h nojEHoft 
rpyAV sojiOTOK) 6yj[aBR0ft,— naxATBio noROftnoft Marnn. 

Sena OTnpaBRjiacB b'b A'^TCRyio h, CTaBB na roje^hh nepeAB 
HsrojEOBBeiTB. CBoeft RpoBaTRH, He catoa h aoCpocob^ctho nepe- 
majia yTpeHma h BenepHla hojuhtbu, a TaRxe « homahh, Fochoah, 
Aapa AaBHAA h bck) KpoxocTB erof. He CMorpa na Bce sejianie 
MOXETBCH ycepAHO, 8HHa paBBjreRajiacB micjuiMH. KaKB hh »a- 
jrbjii OHa Bacio, eft Gmjuo BceraRH r AocaAHo: noAHHuaTB la- 
Ryio CTpaHHyio HCToplio — HB'B 8a ynoHBal.. Majio ohi jhescs. 
^To^jm: H mrrB jAtb b'b Ropoyci h Tps b'b o^ii^epcRHX'B Rjiac- 
caxi. JIfi H nana Tose! ynpairaTca, ne nycRaoTb. Baca h cairB 
yBUAHTB, HTO B'B yHHsepcHTeii ynara ne TOMy, wo hsao, h 
BepHOTca. Baca TaROft ynHuft, ero ne o6MaHyTb. Uana neAOso- 
jiOH'B, 110 Baca 6yA0TB CTyAenroMX. Kone^no, jrynme 6htb left- 

teHaHTOH'B. y CTJAeHTOB'B RpaCHB'B TOJIBRO CHHlft OROJomrb ^y- 
pa3RRR H CEHift BOpOTHHR'B. Y JieftTeHaHTOBl— OU^O OHOJieTH Kpa- 



MOIOAUB BGXOXU GtJLPOM HOIOCU. 29 

CHBiie. TenepB Baca jifffn h ho uotj^erh cb hhmh Ha kjsurj^ 
H 3HHa He noxBacTaen nepeA^ noApyranH dnojoteiaicH 6paTa. 
noAicaB'B ceOfl na nocTopoHHHXi luicjiflx'b, Sana ycepAHO sa- 
KpecnumcB h tph pasa CTysnyjia Ji6owb o nojrb, eobtophb'b 
en^e Tpn pasa csepxi nojioseHHaro HOJiHTBy o u,Kpb fl^BEj^. 

ToHfl Toxe MOJOMiacB, CTOA y ORHa H noAHAB^b TJiasa Kb He6y. 
IIpesAO OHa MOJiHJiacB toju^ko Ha o6pa8a. MaTB, bhah ee mojui- 
n^eflcfl, BcerAa cuiflJiiacB, hto Tohh jumyercfl Ha nee Bory, h 
wh TO xe BpeKA nepoA'B SHaRomjME icaMeHBBaMH XBacTaJiacB 
8THMH MOJiHTBaMH, sBJffb npHBHaicaMH d'uiie uature d'61ite et distin- 
pi6e. 3x0 xBacTOBCTBO 6ujio j^hb Tohh en^e HeciepnHHie 
HaoiimeK^ Ona CTaJna uosmncn 668mojibho, 6ed'B Majiiiniaro 
ABHsenLai, ctoa y ORHa h CMOTpa Ha He6o. H MosHTBa CAiJia- 
jiacB emfi OTpaAHie am a'^bohkh. Me«Ay neio n npecTOJioirB 
6osiHirb He 6hjio crtHi: MOSBTBa CBo6oAHie, y6i»AeHHie, 
xapne HeciacB n rojiy6oMy He6y, ^iicB Kb o6pa8airB bi> (Lie- 

CTiin^HrB pHSaXl, Cl TeHHUMH JTHRaMH BHBaHTiflCRarO HHCBHa. 

Cepe6pHCTUA JierRifl oGjianKa, njiUBmiAno6jitAHO-rojiy6oMy He6y, 
HM'biH ffla Hen Btn^ee BHaHenie: ohh necjiH eft OTwkrb Bora na 
ea MOJieHiJi. ToHA coBHaBdJia, hto «no BacTOiini[eMy> osa MOJiHTca 
TOJiBRo AOMa y ORna, a ne Kb itepRBH, rA% ee hoctoahho CMy- 
Htajia MHCJiB npHRasaHiH MBTepH tHe AasaTB bojjh BRCTasaiixn 
CJiesairB, hbi sa ROTopuxii cTanyTi, noxajiyft, roBopBiB, hto 
y HOfl Ha Aym% ^ctb hto HH6yAB yjKacHoe>. 

Bb MHHyTlI dTHXB BOCTOpjReHHUXB MOJiefiift BCfl AyHia fffi- 
BOHRH BOSHOCHJiaCB RB Bory. TOHfl HCaOBiAUBaJiaCB BB CBOBXB 

rpi^xaxB n bb canoHB crpamsOMB — osecro^eHiH npoxHBB na- 
TepH« 3airtMB Toha xojiiiJiacB o coMbi, npoeBJia Bora CA'i^JiaTB 
MBTB Ao6poft H jiK>6jin^eft H nocjEaTB on^ no6tAy HaA:B Bparaim 
BB ero 6opb66 sa npaBAy. Ona KOjniJiacB en^e o 6jiari PocciH h 
Bcero pyccRaro napoAa: oreiiB en^e RpomROft HayiHJTB ee TaRB 

MOJIHTBCfl. Bb SaRJIIOHeHle TOHA MOJIHJiaCB HHCnOCJiaHiH eft 

6osieft SjiaroABTH, HayHaion^eft jrhtb no npaBA'ib, A^tion^efi cbjiu na 
Ao6po. A ToHfl xortjia CA^aTB mhofo, MHoro AoCparo bb CBoeft 

BiSHH. 

Ho TOHepB, cTOfl y orhb, oea MOJiHJiacB o6b oahomb Baci. 
Ona npocHJia Bora homo^ 6ac6 nocTynaTB bb yHBBepcHTerB h 
oxpaHHTB ero Ayniy, TponyTyio HeBipieiiB. Ofla saROB^uuia ropa- 

left H npHBUHHOft HOJIHTBOft, BB ROTOpOft BUJIHJiaCB BCfl Ayma 

AiBOUH. EcjnH HO HeHCooBiABMoft BOJrb Boxieft hbao, htoCbi 
crpaAaiH bb hxb ceicBi, to nycTB oHa OAHa GyAerb xepTBoft 
HCRynjieHiJi; nycTB Bofb nonuserB eft Bce rope seHJiR, JiHmB 6ii 

BB AOirft BOKapHJIHCB XHpB H J!IK)60Bb. 

06jianR0 — RJoroHORB cepe6pBCTaro nyxa, oTopBajiocB otb a*- 
JieKaro 6oJiBmoro RJiy6a, Hecmarocfl bb BuniHHi, h hohjiujio no 
lianpaBJieHlK) ORHa. cSflaHHtB Bofb npBH^JiBXOJiHTBy*, noAyMajia 



so PFOCROB BOrATCTBO. 

ToHfl. MojiHTBeHHuft nopsB'B yjDtercfl, h A'^BOHsa nponua mn 
BfkxsL wb rocTHHyv). BsBOJiHOBaHHue H CAepsaHHHe rojuoca Hee- 
JDICB no npesHeiiy an saCHHera. Fojuoca iiaTepn ne 6huio 
<uaiiiiHO. cCjiaBa Boiy, He nonma TyAa», — h Toha BSXOXHyjia 
jnenco. 

Piisafl, spacHaa h TOJicTaa XpHCTBHay Tyro saiflHyrafl wb 
Kopcen, CKpHnismit npa KasxoiTB ssEseHlH, npHmHBaJia hto 
TO y nopTBepH Ka6HHeTHoft xBepH. 

— Tyrb He^ero niHTb, CTynaftTO, — cyzo no H^MeiiKH npnisa- 
4iajui eft ToHfl. 

XpHCTHHa oCepHyjiacB. Pjiynoe, jatocEfln^eeca otb jQrniHCTaro 
loua JiHKO, noRpuToe BecHyniBaiui h cb 6&D[ecoBaT£DrB nynncoMB 
Ha irlcri 6poBeft, ycxixByjiocB HaxajiBHO. 

— ManaMB npHKasajra. Bu He cxtere mh£ mraero npHBasii- 
BaxB, — oTBinaia .ona jsjspaxo^ ho monoTOMB. 

— Orynaftrel Bu ba^cb noACJiymnaeTe h hotomb nauce- 
TB, — noBTopHJia monoTOMB ToHfl CBoe npHsasaHle, h bb JcerHyB- 
mHXB Hcspy rjiasaxB h Biacrnoft Hori monoTa csasaJiacB Ban- 
iQiHCRafl HBTypa. 

— fl ManaifB CRasy, bu MOHfl o6HsaeT6. BaicB aKe xyse 6y- 
XOTB, — 8jio6ho npomHQtjia XpncniHa. 

ToHH noAonuia BnJuoTHyid sb neft. 

— CTynaftTel 

XpHCTHHa HOHflTHJUICB HpH BHffi no6jliAHiBniarO JOOllBk sl- 
BOHRHy BB ROTOpOHB RaSffftfl SHJIRa TpeHBTaJia HefflTCRHMB 
rH^BOHB. 

IlaJIHipiHB OTBOpHJIB ABOpB. JlHI^a TOHH H XpHCTHHK O^BflC- 
HHJni eiiy BCe. OhB BSXOXHyJTB, XOrkftB, AHCIlHQJIHHiipaAH, BBHt- 

THTB AonepH, saHiMB OHa pasroBapRBaexB y ero ABeps, ho hbbirb 
He HOMpHyjDLCJi. dia A^BOHRa, ROTopaa, RaRB JOBHivi CBoero xi- 
TBHuma, orpaacAftJi& oro otb corjuAaTaftCTBa senHHoft nanepc- 
HHzpi, 6iuia HacTOHH^eft najiHivuHoft. 

— CiynaftTe, XpncTHna. 

— fl yfinpaftTB nopTBepB, lOMiaicB npHRasaiB,— BSAepnyBB 
HOCB, oTB^HaJia nanepcHHita. 

— A A npHRasanB pasB naBcerAa, ^o6u y MeHfl h mohxb 
XBepeft y6Hpaj[H, RorAa a na csjsi6i. Mapnrbl 

XpHCTHHa ynuia, boa Rpacnaa h sJnaHy Tonan HoraiiH. 
^BepB RaCHHOTa saxjiODHyjiacB, h rjoohb chobb ^ejiRHyjTB bb 

BBHRi; H CHOBa FOBOpB BSBOJIHOBaHHUXB FOJIOCOBB paSAaJICH Sa 

ABepaHH; TOJiBRO TenepB bb rojioci OTi^a CTaio npopuBaTBCH 
HJioxo HOAaBJiaeMoe pasApasenie; pojolocb cuna sByqajiB Bce TaRB- 
se cnoROftHO. 



MOIOAHE BCXOflU GIAPOi UOIOCS. 31 



vn. 

Ha BCK) acH8HB ocTaicfl naicflTHUM'B dTon paaroBopi on^y b 
CHHy. B'b Tasifl iraHyxBi MOJotoAafl cua pacrerb, saRaJuercH,— 
BiH HawiaMHBaeTca; pacnpaeHBi Rpiuaui, opjueHKOin* BSJieTaerb 
BAju^ ropHUMH BHCflMH, Kb coJODEoty, HJHH — ecjiH TO 6iurb rane- 

HOBl, BOSMHHBinlft Ce6fl OpJIOITB, — yXOffHTb BHTB rH&IXO CBOO Bl 

sycraxi hhbehh. 

Eorxa cecrpu ywjm^ BacEJdft ctoajtb, onepimcB pyKoft o 
mtcuieHHiift ciojTL on^a, omjiafl Bonpoca. CaMi ohi ho Haw- 
san. KaKHHH cjiobbmh Hanaib? Bee, ^lo Aoporoft na axA cjno- 
.SHJiocB Bi rojiOBi Tasi CBflSHO H zopomo, saaajiocB tskb Heorpa- 

8HM0 jdbfflieJShROj BCb XOBOAH, 06jiyyLBBShie BMicrt CB Poc- 

<iaxQirb,— Bce TenepB npexcTasjuuiocB euj mhabehmh nystipflMH 
no OTHomefiiK) kb BOJrib onia. Oahbtb BsrjiflAi Ha bto 6jAffl^io- 
n^ee HeyMOJumoe jrai^o roBopEJTB lOHomi, hio Bci cjioBa, Bci ao- 
BOffu 6e8CHiBHu Ha^B dToft sejiidHoft BOJieft. He TpycocTB cro- 
BHBajia flsuRB lOHonri, pimenie ero 6wio GesnoBopoTHo; ohb 
•<k>ajicfl paspuBa. On^a ohb rp^hro jiio6HjrB. 

— ^TOSB TU MOJIHHinB? C^HTaemB HSJEHmHHirB nOBTOpflXB 

crapoe? 

— HaneHBRa,— Bu snaere, hto iceHfl ho TjraerB bb Mope, 
loA o6in^aHa npHROHaHwipoBRa ri N— CROMy aRHnasy, RoiopHft 
^craercfl bb neTep6ypri. 

— EoHOHHO, oGftn^ano otkomb Poc6aza. 

— Mu CB PyxojiB^oirB jiiTOMB saftMeifCfl xHideft h ocohbio 
HOCiymiirB bb yHHBepcHTerB,— nocjii MHHyxHaro MOJiHanlA CRa- 

SaJTB CHHB lOHOMB, RaRHMB FOBOpflTB pWeHHOMB A^JHt. 

— 3to hbctho 6paTB otb Rasmi xohbth sa csysSy, ROTOpyx) 
He 6yAeniB hocth? 

— BceraRH ecTB a^o— AoacypcTBa, Rapayjoi, ynoHBe... 

— RaqaHBe nexAy EpoHmiaATOirB h Eerepro^irBl 

CilHB MOJraaJTB. 

— H le&k sanpeiqaK). TboA otoi^ hoctho cjiysHjrB, He 
OTJOiHHBajrB OTB cjiy2R6£ar, He ifiojifljicfl sa ^anAU nanajiBCTBa. SL 
He zoHy HpoieRifiH ero npeBoczoAHrejiiBCTBa Poc6aza. EoAJneoBl 
Ohb AyMaerb keA saRHHyrB yAOHRy, hto6vl h ho bhbojib na 
CB&Ryio BOAy HocjiiAHioio HOCTaBRy npoBianra. A tu).. 

— liana, — a ne npocHUB. PyAOJiB^^B, ne cnpocflCB HOHfl, ne- 

perOBOpHJTB CB OTKOMB. fl H PyAOJIb(j^y HH CJIOBOMB HO SaHR- 

Hyjiai. 9to ohb cb xaxepBio Bce ycrpoHJiB. Ohh,— ohb cxerRa no- 
RpacHijiB OTB caMOJiK)6aBaro HysciBa, — ohohb i^naTB to, hto a 
APyseHB CB PyAOJiB^oiTb. CaMH snaere, oqb— necTHuft, xdpomlft. 
HerpB EropuHB ne namejiB BospaaROHlH. Ohb BcerAa hso 
3C%£B TOBapHH^eft cuHB HpeAHOUTajTB Poc6axa, BOCHHTaHHarO 



32 pyCOSOE BOrATCTBO. 

MarepLio^ Himcoft niteROJiiBRO ceHTHMeHTSurbHoft, ho yMHoft h j^bjo^- 
Hoft seHii][HHoft. Poc6axi ocruoi f^HCTUifB OTL rpHSHaro pas- 
ryjia, Bib KoropoiTE MOJiOAeiRb rj6juih ^yinyHTijiOY, RlIaJuijquHi 

VSO njbBBJTb BHCORO^ 

— A^y ^ecTHuft, xopomift, — Hexoia npHSHajTb IIajiH]piGr& 
AOCTOHHCTBa cuHa cHimypH H Bopa>.— A noHHMaen*jra owby 
OTRyAa. BCJi ara pocKomB, aia axia? SI ee BEjsjbirb... Xonh nimH- 
i](airL BpoBH. 

— Ohi noHHicaeTB, h aio My^aerB ero. Oh% snero ho bobb- 
Men ce6'&, offb see ^mmmojk? OTAacn, ho... 

. — CoMHiBaiOCB, ^TOtil OHl BCO pOBAaiTB. POCROHIB CO&iaBHH- 

TejiBHa... tlloToirB pa8AacrB?» ^a htosi 8to bu wb cbohx'b APy- 
secRHXi 6eciAftX'B a^hto HacjrbACTBO nocjii poAVTejrefll 

— nanal Owb TasB OTBi^aji'B, KorAa ero rpyCo nonpeRsyjiH 
Ha OAHofl Be^epHHEi. 

— Hy, A& He bi aroirB a&dlo. H He xony, htq6el Moft cuhi 
fisuTB xoTB HiiTB HB6yAB o6fl8aHi Bopy Poc6axy. 

— ToiTia fl Buxosy b'b OTCTasKy. 

— A ji Te6i 8anpen](aH)l KorAa tei 6yAeniB coBepmeHSOJU^T- 

HHMl, A'^B.ft, ^0 XOHeiDB, CB TBOeft CJiysGoft, TaRl RaS'B OTItOB- 

CKoe seoiaHie Ao6pa tu ho CTaBHmB hh bi rpomii. 

— IIoTepjiTB en^e ABa roAa! iJ r to roAi noTepflorB, hto6s 
He oropHHTB BacB. IIoBipBTOy nana, HH^TO He BBM ^HHTB Hoero p%- 
menia. Ki HeHy jro TorAa lepaTB ABa roAa nayKH? 

— HayKa!— ycMixHyjuca HpoHHHecKH oieiyB.— 3x1, mojioao- 
sejieHol «HayRa otrpoctb hobbiA cein, nayxa nepecouftCTB idpit. 
MojiHH, He nepe6HBa& ori^a, caicB kojuoa^ 6ujrB, snaio, hto cRa- 
semB. HayRa!.. A b Te6t roBopio: euH tu HC^epnaeniB bch> 
nyApocTB seMHyH), bi ROHuii KOHiiOBi TU CRasemB, RaRi GoRparB: 
BHaio OAHO, ^TO HH^ero H6 8HaK). 

Bb rojry6iix'B rjrasaxB lOHomH HpoicejiBRHyjto neaoJiBHoe CMy- 
n^OBie H TpoBora. GoBJisM^aBi* cb co6oA, ohi OTBiqajiB: 

— Hy HTO-se, ecjra h npHAeTca 8to CRasaTB, — BceTaRR 
jiyHine, rbwb BOo6pa»aTB, ^iro SHaio. Bee Jiy^me jBni>Tb rpaHEipa 
HayRH, TbfB 6iiTB OTB HHXi jBa TucflHH BepcTi. Ho HayRa He 

HHHTO. ECTB I^HHfilA, BeJIHRifl Qpio6piTeHifl. 

— CTaJIH JIH OTB RlHTb JIIOAH XOTB Ha lOTy CHaCTJOIB&e? 

— GTaJIH JIH OHH HeCTOCTHie? 

— Jljau H8o6p'bTaiorB cpoACTea rypTOiTB y6HBaTB Aa KaiOH- 
HaiCH BiicacHBaTB coRi HBi HapoAa. 

— Orroro, hto nayRa tojibro a^ ropcTH H86pa;HHUxi Ha 

HHpy SH8HH. HapOAb He CTaJTB OTB HOH HeC^aCTHfte, BCOTOSe^ 

^TO 6ujio Bi npesHle aiRa... HirB, eicy TorAa Cujio xyse, yuepmie 
OTB rojiOAa BajEHJiHC^ HO AoporaMB. HcTopia... 

— 3x1, nojiOAesBl Hec^acTflie CTajTB HapoAB, noroiiy hto 

POCTOTB KJTb HeAOBOJDIBCTBa. 



XOIOffllB BCXOjm CTAPQjft nOJEOCH. 33 

— Ho sa TO 0Kb Bexen HejuoBinecTBO enepexb. 

— Kyxa? Bi nponacTB. 

— Hibn... 

— 3 roBopiD Te6%— Bi nponacTB Hesiplfl, peeojooitlE. 

H IlajiHitHH'B nycTBJuca b'b npocrpaHHoe HsaioseHie HCTopH- 
^ecKEXi ^aRTOBi H AOKasaTOJiBCTBi. 6hi» 6ujrb o6pa80BaHH£e 
o6uHHaro ypoBoa MopflROBx CBoero Bpeicemi, UHoro ^HiaAi b eii^e 
6omne xyiiajrB. YCixjifiEla ero Oujih o6ocHOBaHii ^jotoco^ieft, 

BOTOpafl CHHTaJiaCb HCKJUO^HTeOCbHO CJiaBaHO^HJIbCROft H MHOrU 

noJioseBiH Koropoft okl en^e jsp cjiaBaHo^HjatOBi BUHBTaarb y jifi- 
Mecrpa, npHBABinHCb sa Hero Km nonpasRH jBJieqeHifl Bojubtb- 
poiTb u BojubHeeiTb. SHaROHi^ ohi 6wrb h ci ^luioco^aHH rep- 
MaHCBOfl peasi^loHHoft poMaHTHBH, orpuBO^mo npoTTfl Koe hto, a 
6ojD[ie SHajTb no HacjibimKi. Oa% roBopajTb npocxpaHHO h npo- 
XOiSHTOJiKHO, cosHaBaH xopomo, HTO CbiH'b ^yib He HaHsycTb 
SHaen Bce, hto ohi Moserb CRasaTb; ho okl sacxaBJuurb ce(Sa 
roBopHTb, HTo6ii aaweopumh HaRHnaBmee B'b Ajmi pasApasenle 
Ha ynopcTBO cuna. Ohi 6ofljicfl Cypnoft ci^eHu nponuiaro roAa, 
Korxa Hyib 6fiuio cb ero tj6t> ne copBajiocb CTpanmoe, 6e8yMHoe 
cjiOBo: npoRjDiHaio. 

CuHi noHHuajTb aio; ohi Mojuna cjrymairb, ctoa bi no^nsxejib- 
Hofi nosi h, KaRi sa CRy^HHMi ypoROMi, sapanie noACRasuBaa 
Kb yvby ^To ovbjijeTh AaJibnie. Rorxa orei^b rohhhjh, owh yico* 
Juuon^HHi rojiocoicb CRasajii: 

— nana, corjuacHxecb. Mni xaRi x^sejio 6yAerb 6e3^ na- 
mero corjiacifl. 

— Tboo a^oI fl He nepeHimo cjioBa. 

— Ho bu caMH bi mojuoaocxh xoahjih cJiymaxB JieRiuH. Bu 
can pascRasaHH o6'b dxoHi sapoHHJiH bi mohh xejiaHle haxh bi 
yHHBepcHxerb. 

— Hy A&> xoAHJii, RorAa aRHnaacb sHMOsaJTb B'b nexep6yprL 
fl cjiysdy ne 6pocajii». Ilpa noRoftHOMx HKnepaxopi AjieRcanApi 
BjiarocjiOBeHHOM'b yHHsepcHxerb Shjtb oxRpuxii a^^ bc^xi. H xo- 
XEJTB noxoMy Hxo — fcafde juoah xorAa nnxanH? JIioah, Aocxoftsue 
yBaJseHlji, cb xbopahmh npasHJiaicHy cb pasyicHbarb BsrjuiAOirb 
Ha jKHBHb. ^HxaoiH HO Bojib^y, yTOJUR BBA^XB Teopiia b% Ero 
XBopefiiH, na JneREti^x'b Hcxopin yqnjiH juofinxb Pocclfo, see pyc- 
CRoe... A xenepb — AOJiott Bce pyccRoe, Bce axo oxJKHBniafl rHHJib! 
Tenepb ^paHoyscKyio pesojuioiiiK) npocJiaBJifltoxB, MapaxoBx ro- 
TOBflTb. Boxi Hxo xu xaMi ycjiuniHmB! 

— nana, Aa pasB^ bosmojkho dxo roBopHXB Ch RaeeApu? 

— Hy, ROHOHHO, He npjiMo. HaBOAHXB — HHAyRBiia CBoero 
pOAa... HirB— Boxi Moe nocjriAHee cjiobo: cob^ctb ho Bejmxil 
fl He Mory nycxHXB xe6A na rnSejiiB, Ha sapasy xJiexBopmniH 
BAOJiMH. H nepoAi^ Bofoitb oxBi^aio sa xboh) Ajniy, nepeAB ita- 
peMtb H oxeiecxBoirb sa xo, tto foxobjuo Hirb Bipnaro cjiyry. 

M 1. (yiKkM% .1. 3 



84 P7CCK0E BOrATCTBO. 

IlajiiiiViHi roBopHJTb 9T0, 67x10 HOJiOTOirb BKOJiaHHBafl Kaac- 
xoe cjiOBO B He CBOiifl rjaaai CI cuHa. Ohi» toso He cboshji^ 
TJisffb ch OTi^a, H 06a Bce 6oJLie h 6oji^ tjAnfAsni. KaxAuft 6ofljiiCH 
CKasaTB EaRoe HH67AB cjiobo, ROTopoe HascerAa sajuisen CTinoft 
Messy HHMH. HacTajno MOORaHle h ajiejiocb HyHHreJtfcHO xoJiro, 
TaRi noRasajiocb o6oiiirb. HaEonei^, oho crajio neBUHOCHMO xu 
K>HomH. IlepeBOAfl xyn, ohi thxo h TBepxo CRasaiTB: 

— H Hxy Bi yHHsepcBTen. 

CeRyHAy-ApyryH) ohi» Kxajrb: yrposa nanHcaxB yHHBopcH- 
TercRony nanajiBCTBy ne 6um noBiopena. 

— fl oceHBK) se noAaio b'b oicTaBRy, — npnCaBEjn oh^ 
nocxb MHHyTHaro MOJiiaHLi. 

Oht» SAS^'b npoQuoroAHflro 6ypHaro BspuBa, ohi sjajirb— s 
en^e 6ojiie 6oflJiCH — MOJi^n^eft npocB^H oma, Tor^a ciiiHHBineft 
yrpo8u H BupBaBmeft y Hero roA^ ycxynRH. Oiei^ Hojraa ot- 
Bepnyjicfl h noAomejrb Kb orhj. C^Aafl rojiOBa noHHRjia. tFoc- 
noAH, 6yA0 bojth Tboa>. 

— nana!— H rojuoci Baciuiifl Apornyarb: — a He CA^axi h 
He CA^aK) HHHero HOAOCTofiHaro, nocruAHaro..* HeyasejiH xe ea 
lOy HTO A HAy CBOBifB nyieifb, bh oirojiRHeTe MeHfl? 

Oreiti oGepHyjicfl h, ho OTB'lHafl na MOJiflHut Bonpocb^ cyxo 
nporoBopHJii: — 06Ayif^9 ^iwb 6jffimb jrhtb. On MOHfl nesAH 
HH rpoma. 

lOHoma BcnuxHyji'B h BunpjiiaiJiCfl. 

*- Mni HHHero ne hsao. IIpoRopMJino ce6si ypoRaiai, ^wb 

— EcjiH 6u 7 HeHH 6ujra MHJUtlOHu, n TorAa ipixi AaiB 
xoTb rpomi Ha tbok) inOejiB. 

CHosa HacTajio HOJraaHie. Oiei^i CHOBa crajrb icipflTB Kpyn- 
HUMH maraMH RafiHHerb... Borb oho — yBJieneBie ropAuneft hojio- 
B^HecEaro snaHlal Bon oho— sa^BeHle paAH nayRH OAHHaro na 
noTpe6y. Ero rpfoi bobpoahjich bi> cimt... t^o ceABMoro ro- 
jiina...! <inejij[HHroMb, Haxypb-^HJioco^aBai yBJieRajicfl, epeni- 
KoifB CuJTb. rpixi> ero naRasyoTCfl na cuRi. Fochoah, Fochoah! 
Kapaft HOHii bc^mh tbohmh RasH^iai,— ho ho ero!..» 

— Hana, pasAaBaJiCH MOJUinUft rojioci cuHa:— BipBTe, mh^ 
60JIBH0, TTO a HAy npoTHBi Bameft bojdt. Ho lyn xoh jrhshb, 
HOfl coBicTB... nana, noRoflHHiia Mana corjtacHJiacB 6h«.. 

— El leny cjiOBa? Tu BBi6paJii> cBoft nyxB. Hah... B'b na- 
UATB HORoflHofl MaiepH TBOoft fl HO CRasy TeCi: ne snaft mohh, 

n0T0M7 HTO TM H6U0R0pHB[ft CBIHl, HO... 

HoFH saApojRajiH 7 IlajiHipjHa h ohb c&tb bi Rpecjio nepoA^B 

HHCBMeHHUirB CTOJIOMl. 

— Ho BHaft, HTO TH AM MCHa , — Mxejioe rope. A BHAHn 

EorB, 7 HeHH AOBOJIBHO H 6e3i>... 

Owb He AoroBOpHJii. Foji76iie rjiasa iohoihh saciJiajra cjieaa, 



MOJEOAEOt BCXOAU CTAPOft nOlOGH. 3&. 

V OHi, KHHyBniHCB R'B OTi][y, cxBaTBjrB ero pjKy. OreirB bbicbo- 
HoKUTh pyKy h cb ipyAOirb npoHsneci: 

— OcTEBB xeHfl... Har..« Mh*! TenepB Msejio bha^tb T66fl. 
nocjrk 

CuE'b ch noHHRmeft rojioBoft xexJieHHO nomejTB kb ABepn. 

— CtoA,— ouHKHyoTB ero oieAi, sorxa BacHJilfl xomejTB ao 
vopora. 

CiiHi BepHyjicfl. Orei^ BcrajTB h nepeRpecTHjn ero. 

— 9to H6 6JiarocjioBeHie Ha tboA nyiB. ^a xpaHHTi Te6a 
K>rB asa aion RpecrB. Ciynafl. HenpeM^HBO bjbixoah ocohbh) bt> 
OTcraBsy, — CTporo npHRasajii owb b% AoroHsy yxoAHBrneiiy 
ctiHy. — He^ecTHO xbJihTb aiysiCj niHpicoft. IIporei^iH Poc6axa 
^ He noTepHJUK). 

— Xopomo, nana, — 0TBiHaJI^ BacHJufft, ocTaHoaacB y ABepH. 
Ohi uenjtBJi'b yxoAHTB. MojroAoe cepAne lan 6oJiiJio sa onia. 

najDimiHi BCiajTB H, noAoftAA ^T> ciiny, nojioxEJTB eicy o6i 
pym Ba njneHH. 

— Jifi xpaHHTB Te6fl FocnoAB on Ayza jiyKaBaro h Aft Har 
iipaBBTB Ha AoCpoe. 

GypoBue nenajiBHHe rjiasa Bcrpi^THJiH jnoGfln^ift oropneHHHft 
BSTJiHA'B rojiy6ux'B oasi — MamaHuxB rJiasB. Cuhi HHTaJTB ea 
-cypoBO HanpAJReHHOH'B jiMJsik oTiia ctojibro CRop6H, CTOJTBRO Tpe- 
Bon sa ce6fl, hto ero HaMipeule BUAepxaiB ao KOBi^a bck) 
^iieny, RaR'B noAo6aerB Kysc^BHi, AporHyjuo... Ohi RBHyjsca Ha 
'ineio on^, BCXjrHonyB'B tcoB&bwb RaRi HajieHBRift xaJiB^HRBi. 
nampiHi, ^BCTBys, no h ero npomH6erB cjiesa, naxMypHJicfl, 
BeroAyA Ha ce6H sa sry cjia6ocTB, h cypoBO nporoBopHJi'B, ot- 
30Aa pyRH cuHy: 

— HioHHTB no 6a6B0 nenero. Ecjih BepHemBoi cb CBoero 
nyra, snaft, hto a BcerAa noMory Te6i nociyaHTB bo ^jiotb hjih 
he HacTHyK) cjiys6y... Cioft... Emfi botb Te6i^ not nocjitAHifl 
saBirB. 

BjiiAHoe JiHiio CTaparo KopHKa en^e no6ji'lAHiJio. Ohi npo- 
AOJURajiB monoTOtfi: 

— TenepB hochtch bchkIb 6e3yMHua haoh, no pyRaMB xo- 
AarB BCflRle jihctrh, cthxh^ CTaTeflRH... IIoAHMaeTCA RaRoft-To 
HOBuft B^Tepi. fl xoHy. sHaiB, ^TO Mofl cuHB nofliieTB BcerAa 
TivB nyreicB, rbrhmb mejiB OTei^i. Tu bha^jib: a T0«e 6opojiM 

BCH) XH8HB CB HenpaBAOfl, TAi-dU 06 HH BCTptTHJIB.. . 

MonoAOft HOJioBiRB HOCBCOTptjiB Ha Hero JIEOSJiatBarB, HO TBep- 

AUMB BSFJIBAOirB. 

— 0, nana! H snaio, rbrb bu TpHAi^aTB je^tb 6BeTecBy a 
TJiyfioRO yBaacaio aacB sa aiy 6opB6y... 

n CBiHB nocnbniHO ymeorby ne HMia Ayxa BsrjuiHyTB na ori^a. 
Orei^B CT0HJQ[B nenoABHSHO, ne Hirbfl chjiu bumojibhtb hh cjioaa. 

3* 



86 PyCCKQB BOrATCTBO. 



vm. 

' EorAaABepB saiBopHJiacB sa cfimon, tlajiHicuH'b, noiiiaTUBaflci.v 
^ He noAHHMafl roJiosia, xomejii ao yrjia, ex icoTopoHx BHcin^ 
CTapHHHufl ofipasi Cnaca HepyKOTBopeHearo, h pyxnyjicfl Ha sexb. 

BCilTB CBOBlTb MOH^HUITB T^OITB: ^FocnOAH, FoCQOAHI H dTOTb 

rpixi H 8T0 npecTynjrenie orsiiBaexcfl na cuh%!» 

Obi BciajTb. MojuHTBCA oHi He Mon. Mucjib pa6oTaJia Myqn- 
TeoTBHo, BHSHBaa nponaoe. Bi mojioaocth oht> Cui'b saoAHo cs> 
AeBa6pncTaKa. JI^BaAiiaTBJiiTHeHy MBHiraHy BCRpyxBJOi rojioay... 
yKtalju... CnacB aRBoaacHuft: bi yipo 14 AeKa6pA npBApajicfl 
R'B RaROMy TO BBAopy B nocaABJiB noA'b apeciii. dRBnaxHHft 
BHajTb. TorAa MHorie SBajra. yi^tjiijrb, noTony hto BapuROBi na 
Aonpoci He nasBajTb hbrofo bbi Ohboibxi HaRanyHi, 14-ro Ha> 

Benepi y BecryaeBa 

Oh^b CHOBa xorlji'B sacTaBBTS ce6fl HOJiflTBCA H He Horb. H»- 
crpoeHie 6huio ne MOJiBTBeHHoe; bi Aymt He naxoABJTB ohi> hh 
CMBpenifl, HB noRopHOCTB Bojrb npoBBA^Hin. FoJUOBa cjierRa Rpy- 
SBJiacL, Bi rjiasaxi xoabjub orneHHiie Rpyrn, sbjui Ha met h 
BflCRaxi HanpysHBajiBCB b 6bjdbcb. Ohb otbopbjtb orho. Bop- 
BaBmaflCH crpyn BosAyxa cb sanaxoirb Mopa nexHoro ocB&KBJia 
rojioBy. Ohi CToajn h^crojibro xBHyrB, BAuxaii npoxJiaAy nepe- 
coxmBX^ ropjiOMi. 

nocjiHinaJiocB rpoxuxaHBe rojiocb, juhbi-b seji^a, sBJiRaHBe 
i^neft. ApeciaHTU Besjm RaRie to sejiisHu^ Ben^B no yjiBiti r^ 
aAMBpaJiTeftCROxy xocTy. BpBTua roJiOBU, yrpioxtifl, bchbtsb 
joma, RaHAajifii na noraxi, na pyRaxi; bhuo— necHacTHue, gro- 
BaHHue do ABoe, Apyrie, npBROBaHHue R'B Ta^RaBTb/ IlajuBi^iH^ 
npB CBOBXB BcerAa nasuBajTB apecTanroB-B TaRi», RaRi HasuBaerB 

BX'B pyCCRift HapOAB. Oh'B 8HaJIl» H^ROTOpUXl BSl dTSXl JUOAeft^ 
H MHOrO CTpOHTBBUX'B, SryHBXl B TOpBRBXB MUCJieft HpOXOABJIO 

wb CTapoft roJioB*]!^ nps btomi sp'fijiB^i. BcnoifHBH'B, hto BpexB 
6ujio Tor^a 6e8cyAHoe... 

no MOCTOBOft nporpeir&Jia npoJieTRa cb napaAHOft 6apuHeft. 

Eynepi He saxorkorB bshtb npaBie, apecTaHTU He xorjiH bo 
BpexJi CBepnyTB cb AoporB; xocTOBan Csuia HepoBHaa, bobii ta- 
xejiutt. SBiejiiisHafl 6aji^CBHa, cRaTABmBCB^ yAapBJia JiomaAB no 
HOii, jiomaAB HeTHyjiacB m> CTopony, apoxrb HyrB ne onpoRB- 
HyjUBCB. JI^aMCKift BBsrB B pyraTeJiBCTBa Rynepa 6uj[b sarjuymeHii 

8B[qHBIM'B, OSBipiBIHBM'B RpBROMl rapHBSOHHarO O^HI^epa, ROHBOB- 

poBaBmaro napTiio; RyjiaicB ero saxojiOTBJiB no roJUOBaiTB b joe- 
KaMi> apecTaHTOBi. ^o IlajiiflitUHa aohocbjibgb ero rpbrb... 

— FocnoABHi nopy^BRi)!— saRpBHaji'BjBUCOBUBaflCB bsi ORna, 
IlajiBiuiH'B, B ero OacB, npBBUHHuft rb ROMaHAOBanlK) na xopi,. 

BilHHO paCKaTBJICH HO yJIBI^. 



HOJOffSB BGXOAH CTAPot noiocu. 87 

IIopy^HKB noffiimskJTh vb OKHy h, npiuioacHB'b jsfiz najai^a 
VB KBsepy, nosHfljTb KpacHoe h noTHoe sumpj Ha Roropoirb bu« 
paseeie saipcKoft 8Jio6u cx^hejiocb noAoCocTpaciieiTL. 

— SL Bce bhiIjtb. Bu o6ABaHiii Otum npHKaaaTB Rynepy CBep- 
syTB... Bbi oaCiuiH, ^to apecraHTu Besyn RaseHHua Benpi. 

— Cynpyra-ci CTapmaro aAtroTama iiiTa6a, — nporoBopHJTB, . 
gi^za ABa najiBi^k y RHsepa, rapHHsoHraA 0(]^Hitepi, ob B;oToparo 
<m Tojroca IlajiiHiQJHa MrHOBeHHO cocsouirb xm^jib. 

— XoTB 6ii caiTB a](BH)TaHrB. Bu aojurhu snaTB ycTaB'B. 
Bi ToiTBy ^To cjiyHiuiocB, BHHOBaTH B£i. CTynaftie. 

O^Hi^ep'B CA'^^^suTB Ha jAbo KpyroiTB h ymeirB na CBoe iri^cro. 
€HOBa sajJUEsrano jRejrlso, sarpoioixajia Teji'bra, sasBeniJiH q&hh. 
Pasa HO Hempe Ha smo IlajiHitHFB cjiumajTB dron sbohi h 
SHKorxa He mofb owl cjnimaTB ero paBHOjQrnnco. TenbpB, hocjA 
vuroBopa o^Hi^epy, eiiy CTajio Raxi 6yAT0 nojierHe, — nyxB nyrB 
O!ajio HOJierqey ho h to CJiaBa Bory. noTOirb owh npHnoMHHJTBy 
TTO aioTB 6yp6oHB tnpHBaTHHft cuHORi ero aAirapajia h jiiio6hm- 
^Hic!B>. UotfijTb HenplflTHocTH, HOAJsoi^ HaBpeTB. Cyupyra ciap- 
maro aAiioiaHia niTa6a HasaxyeTca, nosajiyft, cynpyry, Bce cBa- 
ouTB Ha apecxaHTOBi. cnoxHHHercflHCToplH— ornoioHowieitaM'B*. 
& BanHTani IlajiHi^iHrB samarajTB no Ka6HH6Ty b'b taROiTB na- 
crpoenlH, BaKi 6yAT0 BHauBairB na 6oft ne tojebro CBoero aAMH- 
pajna, aABKyrania co bc^htb mraSonTB, Poc6axa oii^a, ho h Bucmee 
oerepCyprcRoe HanajiBCTBo... Ilepex'B hhitb HOJiBRHyjio jihi^o cuna..* 
Onib, najraitUHB, BCOTaRH cxiiiaerB cBoe ;^o. 



IX, 

— ToHfly npoBOAH MOHfl ffl FaBaHH, — CRaaaxB BacHjdfl cecTpi, 
soTopaa noBHCJia y Hero na met, cnpamHBafl: 

— Hy HTo? CepAHJicfl? Heyauui npornan Te6fl? KaR'B ni 
^sinevbj — HpH6aBHJ0[a ona, i^ajiyA ero h, BunycnB'B ero meio, 
cp^HRO cxBaiHjia ero sa pyRy.— ^a roBopH se! 

— He cepAHTB, oropqeHB. 9to xyse. Boiocb, 8a6ojiierB. 
JLjmae 6u yirb no npomjioroAHeMy Bumeoi'B hsii ce6)i, — orni- 

lUiJCB BaCHJQft. 

— Ofb nycTHJTB Te6H, BacH? Ohb ho naRaserB) Jlfl roaops 
«e, roBopHl — H SHna cb Apyroft cropomi Tepe6HJUi 6paTa sa 
nojiy ciopTyRa. — Tohh, haoitb npoBosaiB ero* Tojibro hath, TaRi 
<»K>pte, He TO ocraHOBflrB, — coB^TOBaia RpomRa tohoitb Bspoc- 
Jioft.— MaMa xoHOTB hath ei naMH na iiysBncy. Henero capanra- 
MTBca — He nycTHTB. 

Bdb Tpoe npoRpainiCB bi nyjiaHRHR'B hahh h, nopyqnB'B eft 

lipHHeCTH TaJIBUI H HUIflnRH A^BOHOR'B, GuCTpO HpOCROJEBSHyJIH 

SO an^HJiaA'i Ha nepHHft xoai. 3a^cb, AOJKAaBnracB na jrbcna^k 



38 PyCOKOE BOrATCTBO. 

BflHK), Bci Heraepo 6iiiCTpo samarajiH no HepoBHOMy TpoTyapy- 
BAOjiB AJKHHflaro piiAa u^BmanTb KHpnHHHUxi BAaHift RasapHeH- 
Haro BBAa. Ohb nuiH MOJiHa n CTapaacB npnHaiB bhaI) JnoAet, 
cnimaiABxi aa nporyjuRy. Ha Ka»AOMi mary nonaAaJHCB snaRO- 
Hue. Mnorle cnimHJiH na liysuRy bi jrbsHlt cs^i>. Ha Co6op- 
aoft yjiBKi 6ii]Jio nycTO; ohh nonuiH eme CRopie, nytB He 6^- 
xajiH, cnacaacB on noroHH Ahtohhhu Cbaopobhu. Y njiacca 
c6aB0JiH maPB. SaAHxaBmaacfl otb 6ucTpoft xoabGbi, haha hq 

MpFJia UpOBSHeCTH HB CJIOBa. 

— Hy, roBopR, fiaoi, hto re6i cRasajii nana? — cnpocHjn 

CeCipU BB OABHli rOJIOCB. 

— CRasaJiB, HTO A eify jmrnnee rope b'b ^cbshh,— oiBi^ajn'B^ 
XMypo BacHjrift. 

— A BceTaRH nycTHJii bi ynHBepcRTeiB? — paAOcino bcrphr- 
Hyjia ToHa. 

— CHJUot ne ABpaRHrb. Tojibro CRasaJTB, hto ne a&ctb hh 
, rpoma^ h ocenBio npuRasaJiB buxoahtb bb OTCTaBRy. A& a 6u h 

He B8HJii» y Hero hh rpoma, — npH6aBHJiB BacHJiifl, — a sfiaio, 
RaRi» eny TpyAHO cboabtb rohi^u cb ROHKaifH. 

ToHA rycTO noRpacH^jia h CRasaJia nepoBHUMB roJUOCOMib: 

— TpyAHO OTToro, wo Ma^a ipaxHTB mhoio na neCejiB h 

HapflAU— 

— EojiBmie sepRajia on* noioJURa ao nojiy RynHJia, RaR^ 
y ABBHsloHHiH,— noAXBaTHjiadHHa.— TenepB ne CM^ft bb sajii ii 

rOCTBHOfi BipaTB HH BX BOJiaHl, HH Bl MfiHBRB. 

— y Te6a, BtAB, CBoe ecxB, BacenBRa,— BMtmajiacB Hana, — 
Tu CBOH) TucHHy, Hxo nocji^ MaMeHBRB ociajiacB, OTAaJiB Ha npB- 
Aanoe noROfiHBii;i MapycenBR^^ Aa h MapycenBRBHo Bce no sa- 
ROHy— TBoe. HpBAaHoe hoxho npoAaxB, h oxothbrb cctb. Ryn- 
iHxa CasoHOBa AOHRy BHAaexB, xaRX ci» paAOCXBio Bce BOSBMexi^ 
B xopomyH) niRj AacxB, noxony— Bu6paH0 Bce cb xaRHiTB BRy- 
COMB, RaRi eft He BufipaxB. Boxi npoAaBat CBoe RpoBHoe coO- 
cTBeHHoe — B 6yAyxB y xe6a A^BBrBl 

SOnoma oiymajiB cb BsyvjieHieMi. CaoBa hjihb o CBoeici^. 

<RpOBHO-C06cXBeHHO]fB» 6UJIB A^^ HOrO HeOJRBAaHHOCXBK). .Ofll 

safiiun CBoeft eABHCXBenHOfi xucH^i, oxAannot Mapyd, sa- 
6biji'b b cjtQBa oxaa, — wo oh'b CHBxaexB axy xucany cbobitb aoji- 
roMi cuny b xaRi b sanecB ee bi cbok) npBxoAO-pacxoA- 
Hyio RHBfy. HoAyMaBii neMHoro, owb oxBinajii ci Hesecejioft 
ycMiniROfi: 

— H HecoBepmeHHOJuixHift. H oxeAl ne aslcxi hb rpoma 
cHa MOK) norfl6ejiB>. 

— m^b XB TH JRBXB 6yAemB, Baca?— 08a6o^eHHO cnpocBJta 
Tona. — Bb oxcxaBBft, b'^I^a^, saJiOBaHBa ne a^iox'b. 

— Pa6oxoft. Pa6oxaH)XB sue Apyrie ne xyse Mena. 

ToHa BCRBHyjia Ha 6paxa BsrjiaAB BOCxopsoHHaro o6oaumia;. 



» MOJEO^UE BCXOAU GTAPOft HOJIOCH. 39 

BO JiHTORO efl TOTHaci KB saryMaHHJiocB. Eparb ea noxpym Ah- 
HO^icn cxBETHJii HaxoiKj Bi IIeTep6yprb9 Hi^puBaflCB hsab ypo- 
Kami. y^BTBca h sapadaiuBaTB CBofi xjii6i Tpy^Ho: yneHLO 
cipaAaetB, chjiu HaAJiaMUBaKxrcA.^. J(a to Apyrie — ne Baca. 
Bacfl 6fl repoftl'OKb see BUHecen. Baca ea renifl!... JIja, — ho, 

HMOHHO HOdTOHy OHb H HO JipJlTKBWb ipaTHTb HH KHHyTil Ha APy- 

roe, RpoMi nayBS. Ea Baci — yHHTL rpaMMaiHRi h apHeMexHsi 

BC^RHXrb lyHHItB! 

— Bacfl, ju ffiJLS&BWb CDpocHTB y nanu MapycHHO npHxa- 
Hoe. Bee tboo. 

— Hh rpoma ho cnpomy y Hero, Toha! 

— BaceHBRa^ b^ab, eio Bce tboo, MaTepiiHH aohbth, ho ot- 
itOBCRifl* He xaROft ohb hojiob^rb, hto6b h y Hyjsoro Rpoxy 
BsiiTB, He TO HTO y cuHa poAHorf ,— BMimajiacB Hflna. 

ToHfl zoxij^ en^e HHoroe npsCaBHTB, ho bhaho fituio, mo 
et o^eHB TAsejio roBopniB, h ona cb ycHJiieirB CRasajia tokro: 

— Bacfl, rojryCHHRB, cnpocH CRopie. KaRB npl'lAemB bi Ile- 
Tep6yprB, xoTHacB HannniH nan*!. 

— TOHH A'^O rOBOpHTB, BaCOHBRa, — HOATBOpAHXa HflHH.— 

HanHnm, ne icimRaft; ne to Bce MeacAy pyRB npofiAdTB. Ys,t> 
CROJiBRO RycROBi MaTepifl nomjiH rb SHAOBRaarB. 

ToHfl, CB nH[JiaH)n:(HMH ^eRanH, cb oRry^HMH cjiesauH cxjBiAa 
Ha rjiasaxB h nepecuxaBniHHB ropjioMB, nyxB cjoinmo, pascRa- 
eau, vao maman isAHJia bb nexepfiyprb h BosHJia BecB npH6opB 
6pHjiJiiaHT0B£ift RB 80JI0THXB A^^ HacTopy, HTo6u HepoAljiaTB 
$acoHB. He conurncB tojibro bb i^h^^. Ha nojiAioscHHi ctojuo- 
BHXBH HaftHUXi JioxoRB MapycHHaTo npHAanaro Bejrikua nepeAtjnaTB 
BenaejiH M na A, h CRasajia nani, hto efl npRCJiajiB rb hmahh- 
HaMB 6paTB. 

~ H Til HO CRasaJia mh^ hh ciOBal.. TyAa ace, cb xHxpo- 
craMH, — pacRyAaxT&s&CB hahh. — ^BacoHBRy oCRpaAUBaiOTBy a tu 
MOjraHiHB, rpixB noRpuBaeniB, cHpoTCROfi o60a% noMoraemB. H Ra- 
Ran xe tbi cecTpa, rojih 6paTa bb o6HAy a&bhib? H'^tb, noRoftHHi^a 
MapBfl HpHHapxoBHa He TaROBa 6hUL2L. MeHBme Te6a emp 6hUid^ 
a nepoAB oti^omb sa bc^xb oGhsohhhxb BCTynajiacB. CTapBift to 
6apnHB, yzBl RaR'B rposoHB 6iuib. Tojibro oasoirB noBOAerB,— 
a2RB noAXHJiRH 8aAl>ozarB. Rphrhotb— Bce nepeA> hhmb xpene- 
TOMB. A MameHBRa ne 6ofljiacB. HoABHiieTB na nero cboh an- 
rencRie rjiasRH h cboo xBepAHTB: cHanoHRa, ohb ne BHHOBarB, 
naooHRa, ne nocuJiaflTe na ROHioinHioi. H hto tojibro ona Tep- 
nijia! Crojubro pasB h ee BOAoft oTJuiBajna. Bhjeb ee. HepeAB 
xapaRTepoMB to CTaparo 6apHHa bc% rposu Ahtohhhju Ghaopob- 
HH— TB^y! Til H BB coTyH) AOJnomRy Toro ropa ne BHAHmB, Toft 
MyRH He TepnHHiB, RaRoe rope BHAiaa h RaRyio iqfRy Topnijia 
' nofl MameHBRa. EaRB noHBpajra, xaRB AORTopa CRasan, hto bh- 



40 PYCCkOB BOrATGTM. 

auua 6h, ecjuH. 6u ne Cauia TaRi saiiyveHa xynioft fb x^Tcsle 
H xlBnecKie roxu. 

— HflHfl, :i He sa ceCa 6ok)CE, nany saoiB,— ropfl^o Bospa- 

BHJia TOHfl. 

— OcTaBB 8T0, HflHfl, — CKasajii BacHJiift. 

— KaVB OCTaBHTb, HS B'b JRHSHb HO OCTaBJUD,— aSapTHO OTBi- 

Hajia CTapymRa, — rope Moe: He noB^pHirb uwb Ilerp'B EropoBHTb 
cynpoTHBi Ahtohhhu GHAopoBHu. Ta h o6pa8i co crtmi chh- 

HOTB. IIpOCTO BCe HyTpO BO Iffli HOBOpaHEBaeTCA, ROrxa BHOKy, RaKl 

OHa sHKOft Tpeojien ropROCTaeByio xaHTHJiBK) h icy^iy — cotoh- 
HHH BentHl A lenepB majiB— Bce bi ciwb Ha MysHxy TacKaen, 
a majiB-TO tucaHHafl! noKoftfiHuri MameHBsi na CBa^BCy nps- 
cjiajTB RpecTHEift HB'B Typ^iH, — nps nocojiBCTBi cjiysHJn— nacTO- 
fln^aii Typei^Kafl maiBl CasoHOBk to RynHHxa saBajra nojsmcflu, 
a TenepB h ipexi con ne jsfLerb. Hama to nasa oCnnoirajia 
no necRy h RaxHfn. Pocioitb to narojiHitay tsri xboctb pac- 
nycTHTB AJi£ <|opcy. A ^yTB TereHBRa to Bipa IlaBJiioBHa sa 
BacH) ciOBO CRaseri, TaRi safiosHTCJi: xoHBrnj roBopsrB, BHecuI 
EaRi-xe, y 6aTK)niRH cBoero y pocTOBn^sRa, BHffHre, Bsua. A 

TKb OWb AeHBFH-TO? JlfiHKMn BHHIB Wh HpHXaHOO rOTOBHTBl.. 

— Tu ffiJORewb cnpocHTB, Baca, CBoe. fl ne xo^y, hto6u 
CRasajiH, ^0 ni o6o6pa]U[ Te6fl, — nporoBopHJia crbobb CTHcny- 
THe 8y6u ToHfl. 

— GnpocH HenpeviHHO, BacH, Bce. fl Te6% CRasy^ ^ro' cnpo- 
CHTB, fl Bce noMHK), H HpoAaft,— aBTopHTeTHO noATBepA9Jia 8h- 
Ha:— a en^e Jty^nie— nopyn Hani hjeh TeTi Bipi. Tk vh btoitb 
HHHero He CMHCJunnB. 

BacHJBlft cjiymajE'B pasc^HHO. MaTeplaJiBHue pacHeru 6itjm 
TaRi» xaJieRH orB ero MUCJieft. IIposHBy RaR'B HH6yj(B, octb r9^ 
liifB jioMaTB rojioBy. RoHeHHO, ay^me ne TpaTHTB BpeiceHH hh 
Ha HTO nocTopoHHee. Cboh A^HBrH ne iciniaioTi. Mosho na Ra- 
HHRyjiti cBid^HTB 8a ipaHHiQr, vb JIohaohb... OffB TpaxHyjn 
roJiOBoft. 

— KiTbl a CRasajTB yse, ^to ne cnpomy y otiqi oT^eia. 
Owb HHHero ho noHHHaerB fb 6a6BHXi TpaaRaxi, a &...—Owh 
fjKBffn BSATB MOHHy RaR'B ocasAeHHyio RpinOCTBy rOJIOXOICBy— 

nomyTHJTB oh'b cb HOJioAuin» saxopoM'B. 
3HHa pacHJiaRajiacB naBspuA'B. 

— H fie xoHy, hto6u m rojioxajTB, Baca. Tu TaitB yHpemB 
c-B rojioxy. 

— Hy nojmo, hojtho, SflHOHRa, ne^ero DJuaRaTB. 3to TonRO 

TaKB roBopHTCfl. IlRposHaro He 6jn&n>, a cb rojio^y a ne yxpy. 
Tona maa noTynHBnracB, h RaRaa-TO ynopnaa khcib bhah^ 
aacB B'B ea ropxuxi raasaxi. 



MOIO^PIE BCXOAH CTAPOfi HOXOCU. 41 



— 9to o6i Hewb cjiesH? H kbusja dro CTpamHKa cjnosa ao- 
HocflTCfl AO Moero cjiyxa: rojiOAb, yicnpaTB cb tojiokj?... IIpocTO 
ciymaTB crpamHol— pa^ajioi^ nosaxH IlajiHuuHUxi, h cb hhxh 

nopOBHflJICfl TOJICTHft HBHUaHl. 

MiXHO-KpacHoe otb sarapa saisfl ero, cb rjiynoBaTO-xHTpuHE 

H lUOTOflXHKUfH FJiaBRaMH, OfijiaAaJIO CnOC06HOCTBH) BtlT^rHBaTBCfl 
H CSHMaTbCH Ha BC% ^W^, HSlT&HHfl ^0 H6y8HaBaeH0CTH ^HSlO- 

HOioH). Bi) Kopnyci RajnmHHi crophhjtb posH> h noiimajTb 
BTHMi TOBapsn^eft h ffixjb o^Hi^epoBiy AesypHBmHxx no KJiaccy. 
Hfi^Bi aaojuexK, OHib iiaCpairB CBoeiD cnedilajiBHOCTBK) norimaTB 
XaiTb B, xoTfl He KpysHjrb hmi rojuoBH, RaR'b iuiy6HU6 tshBU^j 
HO BceraRH 6hun> heB^b jROJiaHHinrb rocTem. Hh oxhhii Be^epi 
vb AOMaxi EajniftcRoft apHCTORpaTfH ne MOrB oCoAthcb 6wb 
KajwHWffa, a&mbi nacTO caMH npHrjiamajra ero na Tanijiu h bh- 
Cflpajm Bi HasypR^ ne xeHBrne, ^wb sanHCHBixi jibbob'b. Bpan 
ero 6iurB aA'BioraHTOM'B aAMspaJia, b'b ahbhsIh ROToparo cjiysHrB 
IlajraqiiHi^ h poxcTBO dTO bi rjiasaxi KajosHHHa, Aft n ne ero 
OAHoro, AflBajno eiiy npaso Ha $aMHjnuq)Huft tohi» co bc%mh cjiy- 
sanpuH B^b 9T0ft AHBHslH. €j9l|oHamHift> aA:BiO!raHirb viBHBiOHHaro, 
. xoTB H He BasnaA nxHiia no cjiyse6Hoft Teopin, ho npH hhuxi 
ycjroBiflxi na npaRTHR% HorB ORasaiBCfl h oRasusajicfl nxHi^eft 
OHOHB BajKHOft. j[aaRe ORHHasHue ROHaHAHpu He Gpeerajni saac- 
SHBaxB y aABHxranroB'B ABBHsloHnaro. 

— He xopomo noACJiyniHBaTB,— cepAHTO-HpaBoy^HTejrBHuicB 
TOHOiTB CRasaia 3HHa^ A^aA caioift He6pe»HBift hs'b cbohxi 
RHHRceHOBi H HezoTfl OHycRafl CBOB) CHyrjuyio JianRy na mn- 
pORyK) jiaAOHB RanHHEHa. 

MflHifaHB nosAopoBaxcfl cb BacHJdeiTB, ROTopuft cyxo oTBi^ 
HBJTb eiiy. 

— Bbiocb o6b saRjiaAB^ hto h cjieaBi, h TpaniHecRfe Bosrjiacu 
o rojioxi H cxepTH BHSBaHU, Ufismmsbj tbook) 6jiasBio hath 
B'B yHHBepcHTerb. 

Baoudft BHpasHxejiBHmrB MOJUHanieirB ocaAHJii Kajramma. 

Ho TOTb, He CMyTHBHIHCB, HpOAOJ^RaJTB. 

— MeHfl laRi HOTpflCJio cjonnaHHoe, tto a ne npHHec^ kuA 
CBoero cepAita npHBUHHOft a^hi noRSoneHiH, — ^h OHib naTOTH^e- 
€RH npHsajTB ijiiByK) pyRy Kb cepAity h, hhsro, cb RoxneciHiTB 
1$jutroroBiHleirB crjtohhcb nepeA^ Toneft, npoTHHyjii eft npaByio 
pyRy^ ovjsMKaBm cb fojiobbi ao hofb A^BOHRy iptHH^Huirb Baru- 

AOITB, ROIOpHft Bl HOApOCTRi BHAHTB 6jKfmj10 XeHH^HHy. 

CmicJia dTHxi BsrjuiAOBi, rohohho, ho Morjia nopHMaxB Tohh, 
HO, H Boo6n(e HenpIflTHuft, EajonraHi ciaHOBBJicfl eft Hecrepmuio 
upoTHBOHB, ROFAa TaRB rjiflAfcjTB Ha Hoe. y BaCHJriJiy HeCHOtpA 



42 pyCCSOB BOrATCTBO. 

Ha BCK) ero c^HJioco^iiat, Bcerxa bi laRHXi cjiy^aflxi necajaiCK 
pyKH, a ceroxHA nocjii H^CROJiLSHrB pioHORi Rioioiejifl bbtjuwi 
EajiHHHHa Cujui en^e i^HHBHH'&e. 

noRpacH^Bmaa ao Ropneft bojioci, Toha orcrynHJia na marb. 
B cjio»HJia pyRB y noaca, cnpaTaBi rhcth sa jiorth. 

— RanpHsi KpacaBHiifii, noAHHHfliocb cb pasfiiTHirb cepmeici, 
jiOHajicfl KajuiHHHi, He cboaa ch Tohh CBoero HenpiflTHara 

BSTJUIAft- 

— fl He noAaM-B pyRH AaHMCTy,— OTpiaajia Tona ne jsjbt- 
CRHiTb TOHoiTb. — 9 BHopa BHA^Jia Hsii ORHa y Ahhohrh,— H ro-> 
jiocB ToHH saApoacajn OTi HeroAOBaHia,— RaRi bu y^HJiH CBOft 
HecHacTHUft B3B0AI. SyjiaRaiiH 6hjih no jiHAairb Maipocb. Bama 
pyRa 6ujsa b'b EpoBH. 

— A, xaRi) BOTB ?ToI — pacxoxoTajcji ch nyib cJUicoHOft 8Jio6- 
Hofl HOTROft KajiHHHHi. — B'B 6aTH)niRy nomjia Aaica Moera 
cepAiia. Ho, BHaeTO, a'&bhi^'I, A^se TaRoft RpacaBni^i, RaEOio bu 
oStn^aeTe Cutb, HeBuroAHO 6paTB ci Hero npeirlpB. 

— He cififlTe noMHHaTB huh iioero OTiial — BCRpH^ajia, CBep- 
Raa rjiasauH, no&iiAHiBniaH Tohh. 

A^Bo^Ra, RasajiocBy Bupocjia. HeA'i^TCRHiTB rniBOirBy ne sii- 
CRHHi HeroAOBanleMx ApoHajia RaacA&a nepTa ropAaro BspasH- 
lejibHaro jmi^a. Bparb BsroiaHyjii na nee xaR'B npBCTaABHo, RaRi 
6yAT0 B'b nepBbift pasi bha^i> ee. Jl^aace RajiHHHH'B, HecHoipH 
Ha BecB cBoft annJioiiC'B, oninuuii, ho ho orb CMy^enlH — orb 
BByiuieHiH. 

— TaRxcx, — npoMHyjix OH'b, npoAOJixaa raepHH^aib. — A 
HTO, ecJiH a AOJiojRy onapoBaTeoiBHoft AhtohhhI Chaopobh^, nra 
Aana Hoero cepAAa TaflROHi xoAHrB na cBHAaHla ri Ahhohr^^ 
CB no8opoH!b HdrnaHHofl hsi najiHi^iiHCRaro Aona... 

ToHi 6biJii myro^HBifl, ho bi ysRHXi rjiasRaxi HCKpHJiacK 
He myioHHafl yrposa. 

— AHHo^Ra He CA^jiaJia HH^ero AypHoro — aro Bd CKa« 
ORyrb, — BCRpH'iaJia Tohh.— Kx Tony-ate... 

Ona saMOjraajia. ^yTB 6ujlo ho cRasajia ona aioicy cnmlony h 
npeAaTejuK)*, hto ona Bcero pasi h nonuia ri Anno^R'b, ycjoi- 
maBi, "iTO Ta onacHo 6ojiBHa. 

— ^fl GyAyn^aro MHoroe o6in^alorb diH laftHua CBHAania 
cb HOApyroft— Bi HeTHp... 

— Ciynaft CBoeft Aoporoft, THHbHH'b!— cyxo npHRasajii Ba-^ 

CHJiift. 

Xu/kxb HOAHUBajTb KajiHHHHa He OTCiaBaib, ho owb en^e c^ 
Kopnyca noMHHjrb, hto «$HJioco4>a» Jiynme ne iporaib, RorAa 

TOrb rOBOpHJTB laRHlTB TOHOlTb. PaCRJiaHaBmHCb R0UH?eCKH-I](e- 

peiioHHO c\ BacHJiieiTb, owl mapRHyjTB Horoft nepoAi 3HH0ft^ 
ROTopafl He yAOCTOHJua ero RHHRcenoirb h sajioaouia pyRH y no- 
aca^ noApasaa Toni; noroirb, npHJRaBi A^Byio JiaAOHb b^ cepAny» 



MOAOAUB BGXOAU GTAPOfi UOJLOCU. 48 

cxojReHHuuH ROHHHRaMH npaBofl nocjiajTB BosxyniHiift noif&iyft 
ToB%y KOTopaa oxB^injia ojiHMnificKH-BejiH^aBun npespimeifi. 

— Cjiyniaft,— nocjuajii eMy bi» ;^o^OHKy a^obuh'b tohomi Ba- 
CHJofl.— EcJiH xoTB OAHO CJiOBO o6x AHHo^Ki ]i,oAji,&rb AO Ahto- 

HHHU GHAOpOBHU, — A CB T06ofi paSC^HTaiOCB. 

~ HacKajRen ohi Tenepb 6paTy, — TpeBOjRHO saroBopHJia 
3HHa. — Maman ysnaerB... jH^ocTaHercH-jRO Te6i, Toha. 

— Mojito erosa, fiea'L leSa snaeMi,— CRasajia nana. — Xo- 
pomOy HTO Tu eicy oin^a, ToneHRa. IlycTb xotb otb pefioHRa 
cjuimHTB npaBAy. SjnoA^fi owl, RpoBonHBejD(i. Hsi-sa Hero Mh- 
xaftjio HBaHOBi, 6parB Moero RpecTHHRa, noA^ cjjfb HAen, b'b 
apecTaHTCRia pom. Mnxafijio Cb pyacBeii'B mejrb^ sa yrojTB ctIhrh 
CBopaTOBaJTB, a EaoiiaHHH'B, nbaHBifl, csaAH no JiiicTHnn^ cnycRanca, 
HaiRHyjica Ha pyjRBe. HsChji'b Mnxafijia, lorB ho ciepn'liiy 
CRasajTB: <?ero A^peiecB 8pa?» Oh-b sajio6y noAaai... 

Bacnalfi noAHaji'B roJiOBy. 

— Bee 9T0 BipHO, nana? 

— KaRi BorB CBaTi, BaccHBRa! G'b MaxafijioM'B en^e ABoe 
pysefiHHxi mjio. Hiii KaanHHH'B npHRasajn oTBecTH Mexaftaa 
aoKh apecTB. IIjiaqeTB Moft RpecTHHRi, h HaTB Toace pa&iHBaeTca. 
^Aa, vbjih, 9To! 

— 3T0My He CHBatB, — nporoBopHai lOHoma npo ce6a. 

— Oxi, BaceHBRa. ^to noA'^aemB. MaTB nepBUirB AoaroiTB 
K'b naneHBR^ RHHyaacB— ohx sacTyna bc^mx. H owh He iiorB 
HH^ero HOA'i^aTB. 

— Aimo pimeHO, Haaa? 

— HirB, eme CyAerB cyA'B. 

— ^ Hy, TaRi wa cb PoceaxoicB bi* IlHTepi oCopyAyem 
A'&KO, ToaBRO TBI He 6oaTafl, HaHa. 

Ohh AomaH ao RaMOHHofl aicTHHi^Bi, nepep^aBmeft CyaBBapi 
H cnyCRaBmeftca ri* npHCxaHH- y IleTpOBCRaro npyAa. Tyn, npH- 
BasaHHaa y naoia^ cioaaa RpacHBaa axTO^Ra; bi neft rp'Ihrhitb 
CHOifB cnaan HexHpe rpeCAa. 



XL 

— nocHABTe, A'^BOHRH, Ha CRaifeftRi, MHi HaAO noroBopHTB^ 
Cb Hf H^,— cRasaai Bacnalfl, otboah HaHH> bi cxopony h oraa- 
AUBaacB no cxoponaM'B. 

Ha 6yaBBap'6 ne 6uao he Aynm. 

— %o ente cay^naocB, rocnoAHl — BcnoaomHaacB Hana^ 
BaraaHyBi na BHesanHo OHpa^HBmeeca ani^o CBoero aioCHMiia. 

— He^ero ne cayHHaocB. ToaBRO, pi«H naHaTH MaTepH Moeft, 
oTB^Haft HH^ OAHy npaBAy. Tu Aoaacaa SHaTB... IIpaBAa an^ 
^TO Mapyca HCRaaa CHepTH? 



44 P7CCE0B BOrATCTBO. 

— IIpaBAa, poxHoft MoftI Monajra a, bhtobopbtb to CTpam- 
no... Oxi, rocnoxHl FocnoxHl Bujko rope, 6ujrh rptxb. HaEjm- 
sajia Hama MapyceHLsa na ce6fl BOJiBHyio CMepTB. 

— KaKaa npH^HHa?—ciipocHJrb 6jrlAHuft BacHjdft. 

— XeHHxa pa3rjuiA'^& — Bon npn^HHa. JboGsjia ona era 
KpimcOy He nepeHecJsa, Kara paarjuK&ia, BasoBi ^^eoiOBiKB. Ilpi- 
issaen ona BenepoiTB on seHHXOBoft cecrpBi; KaKii 6ujia bi 
myOK*!, npomjia eo usb bi Hyjsaffb, cioia na mok) KposaTK. Hh 
spoBHHKH vb mm;'!, CTpaaraafl. Rpame bi rpo6'B RjiaxyrB. Tasi h 
npocHA&BA, HjTb He ^acb qionift, Ramb CTaiya. fl ee pasx^jia, 
yBOJia Ha nocrejiB. Mojrarrb. H Bce Mooraajia ona, tojibro xy- 
Xberb. ^yTB ona oxna— rjiasa CTpamHue CTanyn, a Ha jiiOAflxi>, 
Easi BcerAa. A eicy h ropiomKa Hajio, ri CB9jif>6ib ToponHn. 
7x1 HTO OHa TaiTb en^e npo nero ysHajia, hto npoicexb hhxi 
(Shjio — fl Tainb n ho xoCHJiacB on hoa. GjiesHO npomy — oncaaui 
OKy MapyceHBRa. Bem^ owb na Te6a HHorAa RaKHMH rjiasaioi 
CMOTpHTb — HCTHpaHHTb pa^i. YcMixHyjiacb xaRTb, mo J lieHfl 
cepwe san^eicHJio, xa tojibro h CRasajia: cBce paBHO, seHoft ero 
He 6yAy...» H CTaJia ona, rojiyGyniRa moa 6tAHafl, BcaHecRia mryRH 
HaA*B co6ofl npoA^ituBaTB, hto6u hsbocth ceCa, — spoAOJUEajia, 

BCXJIEHHyBl, BflHfl. Hs-B 6aHH HpiitexaJia BI H0p08l, HaRHHyBl 

my6y na pyGanncy h idxoBBie noJiycauoaREH na 6()cyK> Hory; 
yRcyci DHJia, RarB BOAy. EoMy oeraHOBHTB? Ra6u xaTB 6ujia... 
Yxb MOJtHJia a ee, cjiesHO iiojiHJia, bi HorarB BaJuuiacB. Gjierjia 
MapyceHBRa. IlaneHBRa Bce ne BipHJTB, hto ona noxHpaeTB. SI 
BHxy, vo He TRMSBtsfi. KaR'B nepumRO CTana, bca HCTaaJia. Fo- 
BopK) efi: nonum sa AyxoBHHROMi, noRaftca, b^ab^ tu Bce pasHO, 
HTO Ha ce6fl pyRH nanosBJia.— A ona fobophtb: ho xo^y, HflHfl, 
B^AB, CBAH^enHHRy Bce CRasaTB naAO. cRarB xe th, roBopio, ne- 
pacRaflHHaa to nepoA'B FocnoAOici Boroii'B na cyxB flBHmBCfl?»... 

<BorB npOCTHTB, rOBOpHTl — AOBOJIBHO MyKB nOCJraJTB, AOJUKeHl 

npocTHTB>,— mouoTOMTiyxaca noBTopHjiaHaEfl MapycBHu cjiOBa.— 
He Hory, roBopHn, a kbjro CBan^eHHHRy na OTiia uosaioBaTBca... 
3a^t]n», roBopHTB, nacB npoMiHfljn» na nee. TaRi h ynepja 
<iwh noRaanlji... 

K)Homa saRycHJTB ry6y, yAepsHBaapuAaHle.— Mapyca, Ma- 
pycfll KaRaa xopomaa CHJia ymjia,— h oh*b ho caaci, ne MorB 
coacTH eel Ona iiyHHJiacB, ona asBOAHJia cefia, h owl HH^ero ho 
noAOspiBaiTB. SairiHaa, hto ci cecTpofi cTBopHTca "^to id ne- 
jraAHoe», owh npBnucuBaa'B ero ccop'& cb oReHHxoirB h paAOBaica, 
HTO y MapycH OTRpuBaiorca raasa na TeftiRO. OffB coAporflyjicfl... 
BiAB 8T0 aroHifl no^ra AByxirlca^naro caKoy6iftcTBa... Ghjub- 
Huft npleiTB oniyica npooie Cm, Gesi MyRi... H TyrB OTita 
^perjia, Ceperjia cbohxi, h ero, Bacio^ 6eperjia, HOHarjuiAHaro 
•CpaTa, ROTopuft HH^ero ne nonajTB, ne nonyajTB, ne AoraAaAcal.* 



MOIOJPIB BCXO^U CTAPOft nOJIOGU. 45 

lOnoma 6buii noxaBJieHi. yasacHaa crpaHiiiia xhshh pasBepny- 
jiacB nepoAi hbmi TaKb Cucrpo h HeosHxaHHol. 

MamHHajiBHO owb caajrb ^ypasRy, KOTopaa pacRajieHHmrb 
XL^xbaahOFh o6pyHei['b csHicajia eny rojiOBy, n oiep'b pyRoft nor& 
CO Ji6a. 

Ki 6yj[BBapy noxsaTHJiH Cb rpoxoTOirb Asoe xpoaceKb, ci ko- 
Topuxi necM Becejiuft roBop'B h cm^x'b. Poc6az*b cb TOBapHn^am, 
CJierKa HaBOceorl h nairlBafl Eynjieru BepaHse, cocBO^HJin ch 
jQX)seRi H no6'&sajiH behsi no JiicTHHJDcb kb njioxy. 

— najaniuHi», m sfftcB AasHO?— RpHRHyjrb PocSax'b, uoxhh- 
MBJi rojiOBy H yBEA^Bi najiHituHHxi) Ha 6yjiBBap%. — Mh ceftnac^B 

— Ha ceft^acB, — oiosBaJica IlajiintuHi n noxomeorB rs 
cecrpaiTB. 

— He H4A0 cjiesHsx'b ci^eHi, cecTpeHRH! He bi Tiixift ORe- 
aH% Hffy. A JiiTOiTb, fohh uqeb, kbkb eft yroxHO, AHTOHnna 
CHXopoBHa,— fl HOA^Ry BU»0By ci BaifH. 

— Baca, XHJiuft, 6epern ceOa. Hocjii nami tu oabhi y 
MeHa, — CRasajia Tohji, bi CTpacTHOirB nopHBi noAXOxa R'b 
fipaiy. 

— ^a UEb BEjao He rposHn, ATPO^a. B-b yHHBepcHrerB 
HAy— BOTB H Bce. 

— A nana roBopHTB, hto xaHi... yBJieRyn... Bepera ce6a... 
06iniaft, HTO ra... 

Bacfl noJio»BJii pyRy na njieHO cecTpH n noT^BCTBOsajTb, 
RaRi» ApoHaJna A'^BoiRa, CAEBJiiiBafl puAaHBJi. 

— najnmuH'B, ijifiwbl — AonecJiocB btophhho cb axtbi. 
ToHfl RpinRO oCHjiJia 6paTa h, ho BunycRaa ero meio nvb 

pyRB, ciiOTpijia eny bb rjiasa. H ctojibro 6e8rpaHHHHaro o6oxa- 

Hlfl, CTOJIBRO Bipil BB Cpaia, ^CTOJIBRO TOpAUXB HaAesA'B BtlCRa* 

BUBajiH dTH CojiBmle npeRpacHue rjnasa^ — h bb to se Bpena ctojibro 

8aBHCTHl«. 

— AxB, Bacal Ecjih 6u ji 6uJia MyjRunoft, a 6u cb To6oft 
nonuia,— nporoBopnjia ona, CAepsHBaa cjiesu. 

— npon](afi, Shhorb. 

3HHa bb roJiocB luaEajta, npHacaBnmcB omitoMB rb 6oRy 
6paTa, hto6b[ sarjiyniHTB puAStnia, h ^to 6ujio cub TBCRajia ero 

CBOHMH XyAeHBRHMH CliyTJIBIMH pyTOHRaMH BB ROpOTeHBRHXB py- 

RasaxB, no hoa'6 Toro BpeMeHn. 

— Hy, nepecTaHB, 3HHRa, np^Ay na Aa^y, 6yAy na jioar6 
RaTaTB. 

— He HEAO HHi JiOARBy TBI He yissafi, — BURpHRHBaJia 

A^BOHRa. 

BacHJiift 6epejRH0 OTi^lnHJil ea pyHOHRH, naRJiOHHjica noqi^ 

JIOBaTB nO-RaAOTCRH 06CTpHXeHHyi0 rOJIOBRy, cb ROTOpOft CBaJKH- 

jiacB nuianRa, h uotomb o6Hajica RpinRO cb naneft. 



46 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

— IlHniH, BacoHLBa, noian^e, IIomhe, sx^b im Gyxeirb act 
TpH TOCBOsaTB .DO T66i. H ysi H6F0 Hero H6 npHCepeniB b'b 
MHCJUxi, Rorxa tbskro na cepjq^i. RaKB tbe Tair& CyAoniB jkbtbI 
HeKOMy Te66 hh hockob'b samronaTB, hh niiposRa Hone^B. IlHmH, 
poAHOft, Ha Hicfl Kyura Moero, nscapfl BprAanoBa; hohhh, CBoft 
AOiTB y Hero y Rp^nocTHHTB Bopon. He saCyxB, CMOipH. A ao- 

HOt HaiTB EHinH TOJIBRO WU BHXHMOCTH, a HTO HO KyUS^ Bose 

Te6fl ynaca! Ona CTanerB ^HraiB, a& cboh HSAiBBH BasoAHtB, a& 
(iapHHa HaycBKHBaTB. 

— 3HaK), 8HaK>, HflHfl. 

— Hy, XpBCTOCl Ch T060ft, pOAHOft. 

Ofia nepeBpecTHJia ero h, oxBeAH bi ciopony, sameorajia: 

— HysHu 6yAyTb AOHLrH, homhb — y Mena cto pyCjieft na 
norpeCeHbe n homhh'b AyniH CROEUieHo. Bee paBHo, th iieHfl ao6- 
poiTb noMHHemb, nrenHHRi Hoft o6o6paHHuft. Bee Hoe— TBoe. 

— GnaeH6o, hahh,— xpunjiinrb rojuoeoMii OTBi^ajn BacHJiift m 
spinso, no-TOBapHn^eeRH eauuii pyny hhhh. 

Bei c6ijRajiH no nicTEMUJb na noion. 

— noiABMre ch HaMHy ToneiRa, — npHUOAHflBi ^ypaacRy^ 
npnrjianiaji'B RopoBHEi, HHTaBmift CoaiBmyH) eHMnaiiH) r'b TohI. 
ToHfl HBi Bcixi TOBapHD^eft 6paTa otboahjib euy Biopoe iriteio 
vb eBoein* yBasenlH.IIepBoenpHHaAJie^ajio Poe6axy.— ^OBeaeirB 
BacB AO RyneHecRnx'B BopoTi, BueaAHMii Ha crtHRy, a bu orryAa 
iiiniROirb AOMofll 

— HeRorAa,— ei co2caji%Hiein> BCRpH'iajia 3HHa, y ROTopoft 
BaneKpHJiHCB oasa. 

— Biiepi Bam xopomlft, sanaAHuft, — lonoirb snaioiitaro 
HejioB^Ra 8aM!&THJia Toha. 

— BeerB-BfofiA'B-Becn, — nonpaBHJit KopoBHHii. 

— BacoHBRa, ne 8a6yAB Mi{xaftjia. He xbA RajraHHHy no- 
ry6HTB HejiOB^Ra. IlaneHBRa PyAOJiB^a Kapjitna iiozerb sacry- 
nHTCflj— nanoMHHJia h^ha. 

— 3T0 HTO? OnjiTB EajoiHHHi iiepsoeiet Hax&najrB?— cnpo- 
eHJi'B PocSaxi. 

rpe6jD(u, AepsaBmie Beejia na B^y, nacToposHJai ynm. 
BaeHJiift nepoAaJi'B Poc6axy, bi Heirs a^jio. 

— nojraraH), hto TyAa He AoftA^rB h a^o Ronmca b'b Baji- 
TifteR'b,— eRasaji'b, eooCpaacaa, PoeCSaxi. 

— TBoft A^AA SA'&CB npeayeoiTB cyAa, saifiTHjn BacHJiift. 

— Hy, Tyrb TOJiRy ne Ao6BeniBCH. Cynpyra a^Ah h Bet Ry- 
BHHu ropoft 6yAyrB sa RajiHHEHa. «Ce eharmant, ce d^licienx 
m-r KajiHHBHB. Ohb raRi yHten saHEMaxB A^m- B est impa- 
yable», — nponHn^ajui no AaneRH Poe6axi>, BaRaTUBaa tJiasa n 
noAJKniiaH ry6H. — Hy h a^A^ he na marB hsi bojih eynpyrn h 
Aoqerb* 



MOIO^da BGXOAK CTAPOtt nOJtOGH. 47 

— SL nojraraiD, — BirtinMCJi KopoBHFB, — hto npaMo* nyrt — 
orfHinlt. HaAO noA'i&CTBOBaTB h» RajiHHHHa. 

— ^a pasBi OHi csaJiHTCfl, dTorb nojsflaA 8Jiox:6tI— ropHTO 
ncEpHHajia ToHJSi. 

— Cbjibbk) BupasaTBCfl HSBOJiHTe, ToHnRia. ^to CRaserb 
sama maman h Bci Aaifu b x^bBBi^Ei BajiTificRa, — CRasani Ro- 
poBQHi myTJiflBUMx TOHOM'B, RasBicB BceFAa roBopiui'b Ch Toneiir. 
JSescosHaTejiBHOy 6hm> Mosen, owb npBRpuBajK'B myroHKaicH to 
xenoioe ^jbctbo, ROTopoe pocjio jn> flem ri Toei^. 

— Bu uLufbm vb BBAy HpaBCTBOHHoe BosA'ib&CTBle xoponiBMH 
i»OBaini, ToHeqRa. H TaRi se, RaRi ■ bbe, yGtacA^Hii, ^ro wbvb 
muoirb zopomaxi cjhobi, RoiopiiH sfibch He ORasajiHCb 6s 6Bce- 
poMiy MeraeicuMi nepex'B CBHHbefi:.. Pardon, mademoiselle. SI 
HH&nb Bi BH^y 6001*60 npocToe bosaMctbIo cipaxa, BHymaeicaro 

RopoBHHi BupasHTOJiBHO pacnpaBfUTb RyjiaRH. 

— nosBOJiBTe, 6paTItEI, A&ftTO AOrOBOpHTby — npOAOJURaJTB OHl, 

4(BHseHie]rB pyRH ocTaeaBJiBBafl BospasoBlii TOBapHn^eft. 
SsHOHRa sacirlHJiacii; 

— Bu TOJibRo XBacraeTO, a caMH yisxaoTel 

— He CBOHMB pyRaifB AOCTasjiio Baifi aio yAOBOJibCTBie, 3h- 
Bo^Ra. y MOHH ecTb 6paTb, HosApeBciByKAi^ift Baap'b, RaRb ero 
nposBajTb Hami ^bjioco^i BacflJiift... 

— FoBopB, HO 6ajriicuBqafl, ECopoBBH^,— CRasajTb BacBJiifi. 

— A'ino npocTO. H qepRny 6paTy. Owb cb cbobmb AByiia npiBie- 
ajiMH, jUBksae ne sajioacHBi aa rajiCTyx'b, nocTaB^rb RajiBHBHy Ta- 
Roft yJSbTBMaTyMi: hjih 6epH sasaA'b sajio6yy bjih bi RJiy6i ho 
noRBBbiBaft j^flsioHOHlK), cBopoTHMi Ha CTopoHy. Ofii> ipycb H co- 
<o6pa8HTb, HTO B anoJieTu CHJiTb npflAerca. 

Poc6axi H BacHJilft ne BURasaJiH oco6eHHaro OAo6peBiH aroHy 
njuiHy. 

— 9X1 BU, 6'ijIOpyqRH, ^BCTOOJIIOftRH, apBCTORpaTBIHRBl Y 

mch Ha nepBOMi M%CTi RpacHBaa ^opua, hto6u bco 6ujio romi- 
MXhfjfomo. 

— H coBdifb He ^pna. KaRi x,e tu ho noHHMaemb, Ro- 

POBHHI, HTO BOSliyTBTeJIbHO TBRBMB HyTAHfl A06BBaTbCA TOFO, "ITO 

AOJUKHO 6uTb HOorbeMJieMUM'b npaBOMi Ra^Aaro ^ejiOB^Ra,— cna- 
sajofb Poc6ax'b b'^cro, cb OTneiJiBBOCTbio niHaa, xopomo roBopn- 
I^a^o no-pyccRB. .XHsnepaAOCTHoe jibjd(o, HenHoro CMaxHBaBmee na 
Bep6Haro xepyBBMa, ch yuHUHH h npoHBiiaTejibHUMH RapBiiH rjia- 
BBMH, CTajro cepbesHO. 

— %0-aRi A'^Jiaib, Poc6ax'b?.. 

— Henero ^BJioco(j[)iK) pasBOABTb,— cRasajfb RopoBBHi. — Hin 
.n y Roro sanBCHOfl rhbjrkh h KapaBAama? 

H TO, H Apyroe HaoiJiocb y Poc6axa. 



48 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

— ARBypaTHuft HiMei^, XBan),-*BOCKjra]CHyjrB KopoBEHi h 
Ha6pocajrb hIcbojib^o crposi. 

— Bon, HAHJi, saHecH aro Bpaiy Moeicy. IIo ffopori hhko 
AOHa notAere. Bi okho ero yBHXHre, a ecjra. owh y HeAOHOCROBa 
Ha 6HJiJiiapsi nrpaen, TaRi orxaft A^HLii^By h CRasH, ^xo a 
crporo npBRasan'B oTxaiB bi» pyRH 6paTy h hh fjmb sHBOft, 
KpoMi 6paTa. BaHBRa iioft ceftnac^B nojieiBn cb TOBapHn^ami Kb 
EaJiBHBHy, posun^en ero xotb y caHaro AHBHsloHBaro — h ce« 
roAHfl ORO cynpyra npesyca e aohrh ero 6yAyTb BOCRJiB^aiB: cCe 
charmant, ce d^licieox m-r RajmHsni, comme il estboni Comma 
il est g^n6reiix». fl HanHcaji'B: c^'IficTByft, BaHBRa, neoTJiara* 
TOJiBHO H cRoponajnrrej[BHO>. ^ajiB, hto ho yBHsy, ho mu ycjoi^ 
meicB. ByAB noROftna, noHTennafl CTapymemufl. RpecTHHRa tbo^ 
ero Bupynarb. 

— He RpecTHHRa, 6paTa RpecTHHROBa, CaiiomRa. A see oaho, 
cnacH6o BaMi. Tochoab HarpaAH!rb,--RJraHflJUtCB haha.— Hy, ch 
BoroMi BaceHBRa. 

IIocjiiAHee npontanBe h npHRae'B Poc6axa: 

— Becja Ha Bojy! 

FpeCmi APy^cHO HBJierjJiH na Becj[a,\ RpacHBaji, pacitBiHeH* 
nafl ij^jiaraHH flxiOHRa Cucipo sacROJiBsvJia no rJuiAROft noBepx- 
HOCTH npyAa, necjicB ri raBaHH. BacHJoift CHxiorB, OTBepnyBomcB 
Ri BOA'b, H yHopHO MOJraajii. Poc6ax'B horochjich pasa Asa na 
noHypyio ^erypy CBoero Apyra h, Haaonei^, cnpocHJTL: 

— He nycTHJi'B? 

— He yAepsajii, — oiBi^iajrB, ne oSopa^HBaacB, BacHJiift. 
PocCaxi He crajii pascnpamHBaTB, nojiaraa, ^lo APyn ero 

laRB iipaneH'B orB paspuBa cb oti^oitb. Ho BaouriA TflaceiuifB 
RaMHeMi yrneTajio Bce, hto ohi ysnan'B o ciiepTH MapycH. He- 
peA'B 9T0H) cipamHOK) p'i^mHMOCTBK), nepeAB aioio HeyRnoHHOio 
BOJueK) H i^iijiBHOCTBK) HaTypu, C^AHuft lOHoma Rasajica ce6i 
TaRHMB HaaeHBRHiii!.. Ero cepAiie pBaJia 6e8ROHeHHafl acajnociB, 
Bi rjiasaxi Hocnncfl o6pa8'B cecxpH — npeRpacHuft, juoCflnuft... 
Ohi BcnoHBHajTB jipRoe, HjTB He CesyiiHoe BocejiBe nocJiiAHeft 
HOAi^JH ea :rh8hh... Borb yqacTB npeRpacnaro na seHJii! Botb 
repoHHal ysHA^^a, tto jrhshb o6MaHyjia, h caiia pasCHJia ^amy 

dlOft JRH8HH... 



XH. 

— 3to hto en^e 8HaHHrB, HeTprb Eropu^il — pasABJiCfl bb 
ABepax'B Ra6HHeTa p'l8Rift, cyxoft, iiapanaion^ift nepsH fojiocb, 
OTB ROToparo najiBiiBiHB HaxMypajicji. 

Ohx fie MOFB cjiumaTB ero, ne cpaBHSBaa cb npiflTHmrb 

H H^JKHUMB, XOTH fiiCROJIBRO TJiyXOBaTUM'B FOJIOCOMB HOROftHHim 

MamH. 



uOAom^ bgxo;i;k[ ctapoA nojiocu. 49 

AHTOHHHa CHAopoBHa SucrpuMn, HejiRmcH maacKaMn npo- 
CROJiBBHyjia on ABopH ao DHC&MeHHaro ciojia. Ona 6HJia OAiia 
€Ha HysuRyi. ^oporaa xypei^RaH maJiB, sasojiOTaA y ropjia 

SOJDrOTOH) QOJIOCBOK) CB BUHypHO'CeHTHMOHTaJIBHUM'B ABBEBOirb, 

OKyruBaJia ao hofb ea RpomeHHyio xyAon^aByio ^srypRy n 
BepaiKa ea ABa BOJiOHHJiacBL no nojsy. ^epnoe orpoMHoe CTpa- 
ycoBoe nepo ROJiuxaJiocB BOHHCiBeHHo na Aoporofl coJiOBcenofi 
nuiHnRt. Oaa pasHaxuBaJia sohthroitb cb pymofi hsi pisTOft 
cjioHOBoft kocth; nmefi^ nepflaro njiaTBfl TOH^afiinaro MepuHOca 
Ha v&jnifl aprnHHi saifOTajTB noJTB. Bee bi xyajierl en 6buio 
Aoporo. Hb OAHa naiiHTaHnia, Epoirl Cora^KH ToMEJiOBOft, ypo- 

JKAOHHOft KynHHXH GOJIOAOBOft, HO HOCHJia TaRHXl i;%HHUX'B 

Ben^efl. RaacAafl Ben^B, BsaTaa cana no ceCi, 6ujia npacHBa, 

HO Bi o6n^eM'B ne AOCTaBaso bh rapMOHiH, hh BKyca, Toro ne- 

yjiOBHMaro nezo mo^ no noMy cpasy owra^HniB CBiiCEyK) Aany otb 
BupaAHBmeficfl nncapmn. 

EaJITlfiCRlfl apHCTORpaXKH 12LKb H HpOSBaJIH 66 cHHcapDia 

endimanch6e». Hhha roBopHJia, hto, RaRi he p^ahcb Bopona bi 
naBBH nopBHy a Bce BopoHoft ocTaneTca. GaifB nerp'B EropoBHii, 
npH8HaBaBmift cyeioft cyoTB BcaRyK) noroHio sa €6apcTB0irB> h 
apHCTORpaTH^ecRoft BH^nmocTBK), — ^BCTBOBajTB OAHaRO, RaR'B ero 
ROpo6£rB Bi xBRi Ta xyAmaa BWb nenaTOft ByjiBrapnocTH, roto- 
pyx) He saxpemB hh BiiicoRonpo6HOfi APBCcnpoBRoft, he k^jbb 

B^ROBOH) HaCJI^ACTBeHHOCTBH) ESflH^eCTBa BH^IHHEXl ^OpiTB, — 

nenaTB nonuiocTE yira h cepAi](a, nenaiB xetpocte, orpaHEnen- 
HocTE H HepcTBOCTE. A HejRAy xiiTB dTa .nenaTB Bce HBCTBenHle 
npocrynajia bb cyxExi e pisRExi nepiaxi ero BTopofl xj&bn, 
B-B yoniCRi ea RpacHux'B ry6'B, ROTopua lenepB, RorAa HCHesaaia 

CBiseCTB HOJIOAOCTE H CpaBHETOJIBHaH UarROCTB oHepTaHlft, Bce 

Han^e 8jio6ho csEMaJiHCB, laRi "iio RasajiECB nopoilr npaicfinrB 
RpoBaBBOfB paspisoMi Ha CMyrJioiTB jiJinjk. Bce, bi toitb npeacA^ 
Ilerp'B EropuHi BEAiJi'B HaEBHyio, HECTyio e mumyjo uojioxpo 

SE8HB, — CM^HaJIOCB TenepB HepiaME CBapJIEBOft, JIJREBOft 6a6H. 

— H o6i»aBJDuiH) BaMiy Ilerpi EropuHi, hto a ne nairipeHa 
AOJrito Tepn&TBl EcJiE bu ho ho EiieHE tojq»ro rjiana ceiieftciBa, 

TO B£I AOJiaCHU HOJUOaKETB dTOMy ROHOip^. 

— ^a qio cJiyOTJiocB? GRasH tojiromi, — xjiaAsoRpoBHO 

CnpOCEJI'B IlaJIEI^IH'B. 

— A TO, HTO BacEJiift IleTpoBEHi ESBOJCEJii npIixaTB E yixaTB 
E rjias'B MH*! He noKasaji'^, a a, RaxeTca, eh%io npano na ero 
yBajReme. 51 saMinajia eMy MaxB. Majio aroro — ohb, ne cnpocacB, 
TafiROMi ysejii moexi AO^epeft. IIpoBOABr ce6i ycipoEJi'B. 

KpacHHa raxea mjiH no ea JiHi^y, ry6H ApoKann. Oea CAep- 
JKEBajiacB, OAHaRO, hto6u ne a'^Jis^tb nopuBECTUXB ABE^eHift, 
Eoxopua CABEEyjiE 6u Cb HicTa npEROJiOTyio na saTHjncft 
mjianRy* 



50 P7CCR0B BOrATGTBO. 

— Bacsjdft Barni ne tojebbo He ysaxaen iieHfl, ho en^e 
jvm TOMy-se cecrepi— hohxi» Ao^epeft! A h, KaseTca, hh- 
^irb He yrpaTHJia npaBa na yBasenle. SI ne Kasaa HHOyAb!... 
A sama sena! Eakb bh-to, yiiHuft hojiob^ri, He noHHHaere, 
^iTO Bacbsa Bami MaHKHpyerb nepesi eaMU, s&iafl JKf05 neBiace- 
CTBO. EcjiH yaci» By xena Bama, Tasoe HHHTOsecTBo, hto nans- 
qHmKa tfoacen irai njiOHytB Bib jihi^o— Bon Tasi: iB^y!— to 
jKOJUKHu se BH, paxB caMoro ce6A, paffi co6cTBeHHaro aoctohh- 
CTBa Hay^HTb fjbret yBasan iceHJi. focaoffi! Ecjin 6h a snajia, 
^TO MHft npHxefCfl BHHOCHTB 8a CBOK) xepTBy!.. 

BhAA, hto CBUCOKa - EpHRJHBllft TOHl HO xlftCTByeTb Ha 

Myxa, AHioHHHa CnAopoBHa saxoT&Jia nepeftTH ffh cjtesHHft; y 
Hefl GasL'b Bcerxa B'b sanad hotoei cnen Tanoft se o6HiBHiit, 
sasi H ynpeROBi h 8jnin» cjiobi. Ho ona BO^Bpeicfl cnoxBaTH- 
jiacBy HTO HOCB HORpacffberb h neyAoGHO noicasiiBaTB bi ny6j[HK% 
spacHue oasa. B'B BenepHeft cbIsocth, hoxb tIhbh) BisosHrB 
jam JliTHHTO caxa, jsxnfl oh Hoxi nepnoK) KpenoBoio ByaiB» 
KasaiocB en^e aobojibho dij^^KTHinfB. 

— ^TOJKB Bil MOJKHHTe, KaRB HCTyBaffB? — CHOBa RpHRJnBO 

HaRHHyjiacB ona na iiysa.— & sena Bama h Tpe6yK), qTo6u bu 
sacTaBHJDi yBaauiTB MeHfll Fxi BamH npaBAsa, Bama ZBaneflafl 
AHcaHHSHHa?! Bh xaRB ocji^QJieHu A^TBira Bameft Mama, TaRyio 

BOJIIO ffUni HITB, HTO OHH BOSCTaHOBHJQI MOHrB A^TOft HpOTHVB 

iceHfl* Bee menHyTCfl, neperjiflAUBaiDTca, Taftnu RaRia to saBO- 

JOICB... Bci OHH Sa-OAHO npOTHBl MOHJI, H dTa MepSBBRa HHHBRa 

CB HHMH. Bee noerB hitb bi ymn: RaRaa pacnpeRpacHan, pas- 
Ao6poA:6TejiBHafl9 pasaHrejiBCRafl Cuia noRoftnaa MapBH HpHHap- 
xoBHa, HH B'B HoiTB Ha Bamy MaTB He uozojRa. 0, Pochoah! Eoni 
6hi RTO cRasajii mh6, RorAa a sa bbcb BiixoAHJia, hto acAerb 

XeHfl 8a BAOBItOlTB!.. Ho fl 6£Uia A^BOHROft, HaHBUOfi, HHCTOt, He 

ooHHMaion^eft shshhI H Btpniia RaacAOny BameMy cjiOBy. Oahhb 
TOJiBRO Hbhhb roBopHJTB uwbi «He BsxoAHTe 8a BAOBi^a, nepBafl 
xena CyAerB ctoatb icesAy bbmh*. He HOCJiymajiacB, noJUoGHJia 
H — BorB narpaAa! Q^etTROiTB csiKHirB, hhctuitb Bsnuia a 8a 
CTapHRa Ha ABaAi^aTB jtbrb CTapme mohh. Ho a 6uJia BairB Bip- 
HOft acBHofi, iioJiOAOCTB CBOK) cry60jiia cb bbmh. OxHero b-btpba- 
iiaxB jrbrB a JKejiTa h cyxa, RaRi Hyiclfl?! H 3to hojiobIrb, 
ROTopoHy a OTAaJia cbok) HHcxoxy, cbok) mojtoaoctb, cboh) nep- 
ByK) cxpacTBl.. OSio^aJi'B, nepeA'B BoroMi RJiajica, nanHi^fiiHCKoe 
cjiOBO AaeaJiB, hto CAt-iiaerB Bce AJia Moero cnacTBa. Hy hto ai»— 
ry6H! JlyHinie toabi npouijiu, Aoiepajiio RaRi HH6yAb ao HorHJibi! 
Ho yHH^aTb ce6t ne hosbojik), HenaBHAB nena, BcaoBmaad cbok) 
Mamy cjiesEbiMH noKJioaaMH nepeAi* RiOToft. Raa^uft Aeab, ABa 
paaa bx AeHb lepnjuo a aiy nHiuy... Ho A^T^ft cbohxx a ne 
noBBOJiH) B03CTaaoBjiaTb npoTHBi ueafl. J^iTH — Moe eAHHCTBOHHoe 



KOIOAUB BGXOAU CTAPOl nOJIOGH. 51 

cmobBj MOfl shbhbI fl He nosBOJUo BacBst TBoeiiy ry6HTb mo- 
Hxi jiibBO^eRil He noa-BO-jno-io-ioI.. 

MyaRi Bce Bpexfl CHX&cb, yxBaTflCb pyBam aa HapyHHHEs 
specjia. ?epiu JUAa ero 6fiuui cypoBU e HanpflxeHHu, xasfB y ^ejno- 
Bisa, KOTopHt KpinHTCJi ooA'b iiHTKOft. MopiipiHH y Tj6i> Bpisa- 
jiHCB eiqe rjiytSase. 

-^ Tu KOHHHJia?— CnpOCHJTB OBTb CnOROftHO. 

0, KaKi 8T0 lJia](HOKpoBie Bcerxa Giouio ee. Ecjm 6H oh^ 
^aionajirb HoravH^ pacspHHajicfl, rposHJTB no6HTb, ecjm 6u ohs 
;(axe cxBaTHJTb ee sa Rocy ■ orracRajii, RaRii ROMHCcap'b Ghao- 
poBi Tacsan HaTb ea Brb cynpysecRHX'b CTinRazi, osa ne He- 
HaBixijia 611I ero lasi HSCTynjieHHO. Ona onynuiacb Cu bi CBoeft 
ciHxlH. Ho 8T0 CHOKOftHoe, cxepsaHHoe OTHomeHie Mysa n en 
BuzoxKairb noAaBJUuio ee. Ona nasiiBajia aio JHi^eirlpieirb cm- 
TomH, noAJanfb npHTBopcTBOirb; ho o^ohb xopomo HOHHiiaJOEa, 
^30 8T0 He npHTBopcTBO, HO jnn](eM%pie, hto bto no6ij» naA'b 

XHSHMnb SHBOTHIiirb HHCTIHKTOlfL^ KOTOpuft Bl qepHUfl ' MHHyiU 

npocfiinaeTCfl ■ bi Jiy^onHrb jnoxaxi. H ona JuiKOBajia B'b fjmfk^ 
sorxa BEfiki^ ^To Mysi ea 6jrtxHien, nro njieHH ero BSKpara- 
naion, ^To OHi botl-botb CpocBTOi Ha Hee cb nosHflisria 
syjiaKaHH. Ho aroro HHRorAa ne cjiynajiocb, h ona, Ch hobuitb 
iipHJiHBOin* HBCTyojieHHot 8J10CTR, OTb KOTopoft Apoauui Bl Heft 
nasffift MycRyjTb, GoenaBajia npeBOCxoACTBO iiysa... 

— HsBeprb! en^e HssiBaercfll — nponiHHijia ona, ^yBCTayfl, 
oxnaBO, HTO 8T0 BceraRH GescHAHO. 

— fl He BB^^BaHKB, TU BTO caxa BHaeniB. Ho xmsohi jro 
s 6vurb BuxxaTK, Rorxa tu nepecTaneniB RpHqaib^— Bce tbri xe 
CHOROftHO OTB^^aji'b HajiHiviHb. — BacH nocTyoHJii, roho^hOi He- 
B&UHBO, HO 6en BCARaro naiiftpeHifl ocRop6HTb tbCa, a b'b 
^TOiTE pynaiocB. Tu sHaeniB, owb Bcerxa bi OTHomeHiH Tefia 
HcnojcBHeTi Bce Tpe6yeHoe npajniHleirB, ho ceroAHfl hobojibho 
Ba6ttJii» saftiH Kb Te6t... fl eiiy bto sairiqy, ho... y iieHA cb 
HHifi 6ujio oCiJiCHeHie. 

UocjrbjffliB cjioBa najraiiuH'B npoHSHecB ci youiieirB h no- 

TOITB npOAOJURBJIl HpeJKHHlTB pOBHUHB TOHOJfb: 

— Ohi ymejii pascipoeHHuft. A^bohrh noSi^sairH npoBOA^TB 
ero npocTHTBCfl. Hahh AOJrsHa 6ujia hath saHHMH, — ho BosBpa- 
H^aTBCfl jRe HiTB oftHtiTB. Te6fl He cnpocHJiiicB noTOHy, hto y 
Te6ii 6uJiH rocTH. H buhh, h A'^^th 6ujih oropnoHu. He xorbJiH, 
HOHflTHO, HORasaTBCfl Ha rjiasa HysHBCi. HaifipeHut ocrop6htb 
I66fl He 6UJ110 H 6uTB He Morjio. 3to tu Bce ce6t BOofipasHjia. 

Ona yjKO CJiumaJia 060 Bceifib otb CBoeft «HanepcHBnu> 

XpHCTHHU. HpH CJIOsi HyjRB cHpOCTHTBOil COpAI^e Ofl eRHyJTO 
OTB paAOCTH, H OHa, CI SaHCEpHBIHHMHCfl TJiaSaMH, CHpOCB la 
JAEBJieHHUMl TOHOMi: 

4* 



52 P7GCK0B BOrATCTBO. 

— KaRB npocTHTBCfl? PasBl BacHJilft neTpoBEHi cobc^mv 

3opRift BSTJiHKb Kyxa noAM^TEJTB ary pasocTB. 

— EaRB dTO co6€fbMz?—cupociiui'h OHB CB npopBaBmofica 
rope^BH) BB rojioci.— Th xo?emB snaTB, BuraaJiB jobl r cuna 
HSB AOMy? HixB. Ohb He gtijiajiB HHHero CesqecTHaro. Ori> bu- 
6paji'B CBOH) Aopory. 9 CKasajiB, no He jsfljo corjiaciH fia ero 
rB6ejiB. HicROJiBRO BpeiieHH hh'I 6ujio 6u lAxejio bha^tb ero... 
Ha arofl neA^i^ a— bb noxoA:B, BacHJuifi HoxerB npiisscaTB Ha 
A^Hy noBHA&TBCfl CB cecTpaMH. 9 aroro A^se xony. IIoflMH xe, 
HaROHeitB, RaRB HepasyiiHa tboa HenaBHcxB, AHTOHHHa Chao- 
poBHa. Th AOJiacHa 6h paAOBaxBca ero Apy^^*! Cb cecTpaxH. 
yMpH fl, BacHJiift 6yAerB HiiB onopofi. 

Ohb npHBOAHA'B AOBOA'B, ROTopuft c^HiajiB EBa6ojrbe y6%AB- 

TeJIBHUlfB A^fl OReHH. 

— 9 He xoHy, htoCu koh Aonepn sapasaJiHCB ero bojeb- 
HBiMB Ay^oMB, ero HenoHTeHleMB r:b poAHTeJUflMi. IlycTB Jiynme 
ooAaioTB cjrxyK) RopRy,— cb xparH^ecRHicB naeocoMB h coorvbr- 

CTByiOn^HHl BSMaXOMB pyRH BOSpaSHJia AHTOHHHa CHAopoBHa.— 

Ohb eo^e wb 6yHT0BnpiRH no&AerB cb Poc6axoifB h nory6HrB 
HOHX'B AOHepeft. 

— nojmo, OBfb xbTEy A&BO^RH, neqero onacaTBCH — pacxoxo- 
lajicfl 6uj[o IlajiHiUHi, ho cicixi oOopBascfl, h ohi, rojtocoiTB 
H BsrjUAOicB rjiaBu ceicBH npHRasaJTB: — H ne roBopH, cJiunmniB, 
HHROFAa He cmM roBopHTB laRoro BSAopa! 9 ciporo sanpen^aio 
xedi dTo! Tu He noHHMaeniB, RaRoe CTpamnoe nec^acTie m 
HooReniB HaBJieu na BacHJiiH h na BckTb naci OAHOft dioft 
6ojiTOBHefl! 

IlaJiHiQiHB npHBcxajTB, onepciBL o6i^HHH pyRaHE na ctojtb h, 
He CBOAH CB sens rn'lBHaro, BJiacrnaro BBrjiflAa, saROHHBJiB: 

— EcJiH H ysnaK), vio tu xotb pasB dTO hobtophhib ROHy 
HH6yAB, to h BceHy ropoAy 6yAy BpH^axB, hto tu BUAyMUBaemB 
H8B HenaBHCTH Ri TBoeiiy nacuHRy. JOI^aio re&k qecTHoe cjiobo. 

C6HTaA CB HOSHI^iH AHTOHHHa CVAOpOBHa OH'iniHJia, HO TOT- 

^acB onpaBHJiacB h nepenecjia arraRy na Apyroft nynRTB. 

— TaRi nycTHJiH BCOTaRH bi ynHBepcHTerB, ne BUAep^s&Jui! 
Xa, xa, xa! rib ace xapaRTopB BaoiB HeopeRiioHHHft, najiEmm- 
CRifl? Fa^ se scejuisHa^i najiHiuiHCRafl bojui? Xa-xa-xa! 

Ona xoxoTaJia AOJiro h bjio. 

— ^TO x.'h MHi 6UJI0 xbjLdLTh? — CRasaJi'B ^aJ^I^UH^ yrpioMo: — 
OTHOBCRoft BjnacTBK) sanepoTB eny ABepB ynHBepcHTeTa? IIoahhtb 
CKaHAajiB, ROTopuft HcnopTHTB eMy RapBepy h o3jio6htb ero? 

AfixoHHHa CHAopoBHa nepecTajia xoxoTaxB h ohatb nocno- 
Tpijia Ha IlajiHitBiHa sarop^BmHMca BsrjiHAOiiB. 

— BesxapaRTepHHft bu, sajiRift bu ^ojiobIrbI.. Snaio h, 
OT^ero BU He kofjih BUAep»aTB xapaRTepa cb cuhoicb. 3HaH> 



UOJIOAIfE BGXOJQBI CTAPOfi nOJlOGU. ti3 

Bce xopomo! Cuwb HesafiBeHHoft MamH. Ea roiiyCtie rjiasa cmo- 
Tp'ljiH Ha BacB yMOJiiaK)ii(Hin» BsrjiaAOH'B, h bbe pacraajm!.. 

— Ciapan nicna. 3xx, KO^;^a ace 3to HajoicTB Te6i, Ahto- 

HHHa? 

Ona nponycTHJia dxo BOspaaceHie 6e3'B OTB^Ta; 6ojQ[ie BasHoe 
<;oo6paaceHie sannuajio ee. 

— TaKi pimeHO, ^o owh buxokbtl wb OTCiaBKy? 

— j5,a, oceHLK). 

— Ckojilko ace bh 6yseTe A^BaTB eify b% roftt? Hsi KaKHxi 
KanHTaaoBi, acejiajia 6hL sl sHaiB? Grojibko owb sanpocHJTB? 

— Oht» HHHero He npocHJii. CKasajn, ^to eMy HH^ero ne 
Hyamo. 

— CjioBa! Seaerb, hto ne ocTaBHie 6e^^ rporaa. Tenept 
CHAerb BaMi na meio, bi yHHBepcHieri acajiOBaHi>a ne ssliotb. 
XoTL 6b] noAynajiH: ab% Aoneps pacTyii, BOcnnTUBaiB Ha^o. 
BacBKa Bamx yace Ha hofh BciajTB. J(oBoaBHo bi> nero npocaAaaH. 
GaiTb 061 ceOt Aoaaceni AyMaiB, a ne Tan^HTB y OTi^a noca^A- 

Hia KpOXH. 

— H CKasajn'B enry, hto y neHa wkn> cpeACiBi coAepacaTB 
ero Bi ysHBepcHTeT^. Ho y nero eciB CBoe. Oh'b OTAaai cboh) 
Tucfl^y Ha npHAanoe MapycH. 3to hoU Aoan, h a ynaa^y. 

— Hs^ RaKHXi aTO KanHiaaoB'B, nossoabie cnpocHTb? 

— ^epesi roA'B BHcayacy nenciio sa RonaHAOBaHie Kopa6- 
aeiTB, a ecan aio He yAacica, Kb PoacAecTBy BHicxo opAena 
nonpomy Aenenb. He AaAyrb, TorAa Chaopobx Moacerb ynaaTHiB... 

— Moft oxeit'L fiesi rporaa, A*Jia naoxH, — nepeCnaa Ahto- 

HHHa GHAOpOBHa. 

— EpoMi Toro, MapycHHo npHAanoe — co6cTB6HHOCTb fiacH. Y 
MapycH 6HaH i^HHiia Ben^H orb MaTepn: cepe6po, CpnabaHTu. 
HaAO Bce npoAaxb. 

— Jl^^KjTb MHoro-MHoro TpHCTa-HeTHpecia py6aeft sa Bce, 
nocnimHo nepeCnaa ex eRaionitHM'b cepAi^eicb AnroHBHa Ghao- 
poBHa. — BpHabaHTU MeaRie, ap^hb, na noaoBHHy CTpasu: a 
TpansH TOJiBKO HOBua JijbHEu, a npotjsfiTh HOAa, BupynHmB RaRie 
HH6yAB A6caTRH py6aeft. Ha npHAaHoe ne^^ero pascHHxuBaTB/ 

n ona, HHCTHHRTHBHO noAo6paBi> Ronmi pacnycTHBmeftca 
maaH, HcnoAao6ba ipoBoacHO Bsraanyaa na nyaca; ho h6 npo^a 
Ha aHi^ ero HH^ero, RpoHi noAoCaion^aro MyacHHH^ noaniftmaro 
HenoHHiiaHla i]1'&hhocth aceHCKHxi TpanoRi>. 

— Hy H TpHCTa— Bce AGHbra. Ha TpHCTa py6a6fl MoacHo 
npoasHTB vlauft roA'B. Ho a na nepBuft roA% ne ASkMi> eny hs 
rpoma. noCBXbca roA^ na sapaCoiRl noaesHO ji^a HoaoAeacH — 
npo6a xapaRTepa. Gi roaoAy ne yitperb, oAeacAa ecTB. fl HH^oia- 
HOiTb Ha TpHCTa py6aefl acnai, aa en^e BbnHTaaH 8a o6MyHAH- 
poBRy, H Haft jmjTb ToabRO no npasAHHRaifb. HpoAaft nocRop'ie 
Benpi, AHTonnna GvAopoBna, h aghbth noaoaui bi 6aHRB. 



1 



54 PyCCSOB BOrATCTBO. 

— H BH BOoCpasaere, hto Banrb BacBxa yGmpincfl, npo* 
chjcIbi^ 6en qaio? 

Ona yraAajia saTaeHHyio Kucsb Mysa, b% Koropot owb He 
cosHaBajicfl h cam ce61, — nocmjsjsat pasc^en, hto JHineHia 
3acTaBflTi» cHHa yctyiiBTB. Ho ecjiH 6u Bacwiift yciynHJi'b, to 
owb^OTeni> nepBufi 621 CTajTB npesapaTB ero. 

— KasB xe? Bii Taici qijiuft roAib He AaAsre Bameuy Ba- 
cHmo HH rpoma? He BiiAepxHiel Chhi nesaCBeHHoft Maaoi 
npocEXHn Cesi ?aK)I Xa, xa, xal 

Bi Ayniib OHa BceraKH 6ujia AOBOJibna. U^iJUHt roA^ BacBRa 
He noJiy^HTB hh rpoma. XjsfijAe — Bce ycTpoHxcfl RasB HH6yAB 

H yCipOHTCH TB,Kby KaRl OHa XOTOTl. AHTOHHHa CHAOpOBHa 

P'Iaro sarjuiAUBajia AaJi^ nacTOHH^efi HHHyra. Ona yse Hcnep- 
Daora Bce, hto xor^a CEasaxb, ysnaaia Bce, ^to xortjia ysnaib, 
ho He xortora yxoAHTb, He CpocHB-B napeflHCRyio cipijry. H RaR'b^ 
Ha 8J10, HH^o noAXOAfl^ee h OTpaBJieHHoe ne npExoAiuio na^ 
ym. Ona orMHyjiacB na ctojtb icyxa. IIopTperB naA^epfli^iii 
CTOfljii piiAOiTB cb ea nopTpexoiTB. OHa BiiABHHyjia CBofi h no- 
CTaBHora ero xaRii, nro ohi sacjiOHHJi'B MHJiOBHAHoe mufi MapycH. 

niypma HaRpaxiiajieHHHM'B noiaTBeMi ci Tpexi-arajRHBiMB 
TopnanuiMH o6opRaMH h pacnpocTpaH^fl CHJiBHuft aanaxi fboo- 
AHHHOfl nbUKJPiy 0Tb ROTOpOfl fijiiAHO-pfiiJKeBaTue bojdocu jhochh- 
JHCB Ha BHCRaxi H TOMeHH, RaKB JiocRyTRH sojiTOBaTaro ax- 
jiacaj^Bi RadHHexi BHjmjia XpHcxHHa h AOJioxmia 6apuH%^ 
^TO coc^AKH npHCJiajiH cnpocHXB, HAexB JiH $pay ^aAHI^lH^ na 
ifyauRy; oni AaBHo SAyn ee. 

AHTOHHHa GHAopoBHa HonpaBHiia nmanRy, oCAepnyjia majiB 
B, yxoAfl, o6paTBJiacB r'b Mysy: 

— CiiOTpHTe, xopomeHBRO pacneRBTe HHHBRy. Si xoT^Jia 
BdflTB ToHK) Ha MysuRy. Ee naAO npiynaTB ri o($ii^CTBy h 
xoponnufB ManepaiTB. y CBoero ofiosaeMaro CpaTi^a ona ne na- 
yHHTCJi HH^eicy HOAo6HOiiyl 

Ona BCRHHyjia rjiasa na Hysa. OffB cjiymaJTB en cjiOBa, RaRi^ 
syauRaHBe. HOsofiJiHBoilr icyxH. Ona npoAOJUUuia:— Eora nami* 
BacBJiift CHOBa BsAyiiaeT'B npiixaTB Ha Aany noBHAaTBca cb cecr- 
pam, A ofoABJUK) BaiTB, ^to 6epy Aonepefi h ^Ay bi A6peBHH> 
KB 6paTy. 

n 9T0 He ORasajiocB napoHHCRoft CTp^oft. MysB snajTB, ?to 
ona He yiA^TB otb ryjumift h iiyauRH b*b AepoBHio b% 6paTy, 
Cb ROTopuH'B 6£iJiia Ha HOxarB sai sa A^neaRHHX'B c^eTOBi. 

B*B ABepaxi ona emfi paai o6epHyjiacB. 

— ToHi CA^aflTO CTporift BuroBopi. Ecjih ho CA&iaexe, a 
caica CTporo naRaacy ee. BacBJiift EeTpoBEHi nomejirB npoxHB^ 
BacB, a OHa HyBCTBHTeoiBmie npoBOAu eny ycTpouia. BuiioaRere 
TepntxB, hto6h Baici MaHRHpoBajKB, ho sl ho noTepoiiio! 

n ona ynuia AOBonnafl: Hamjua TaKH cbok) nap^BHCKyio 



KOJioxm Bcnojm cTAPoft noxocu. 55 

crpiiy. n He noAOsp^Bajia ona, ^o CTp&ra dia 6HJiia pedane* 
CKoft 6yiiasH0ft cipijsRoft. 

ini. 

Korxa s6Ha CKpuoiacB sa xsepbio, neipi EropoBHHi eo 
BBxoxoiTB npHHflJicfl sa CBOH B^AOHOCTH. Ho paCoTa cnopBuracb 
luioxo. CeroAHJimHee ofoncHeHie Cb jReHofl bhoijio xflxeai'&e o6m* 
HHTbt'npHmjiocBAasenpHrposflTBCRaHAajKOK'Bl.. Bon yse ao "^ero 
Aonuo! H 8T0 6paRB... ^eciHut Btnei^'B bosjdeosiiji'b Ha rjiaBy... 
Eapa rocnoAPH cnpaBeAJiHBa... 0, saniifL ohi HsiriHHJi'B naxacB 
ManiH. Bi ea CMepiH naxo (Jhjio bha^tb nepcrB 6o2Guft, yKaau- 
BaBmit eMy sbbhb jsjkiioujKpiM^ hsao 6ujio noRopHTBca h hgcth 

KpeCTB CBOfl... H CB KaROft CesyMHOft nOCnimHOCTBIO, Cb RaRHlTB 

yHHSHiejiBHuirB ocJiinjieHieBrB owb bo BTopot pasi BosjioaRHJi'B 
Ha raiaBy cboh) cHeciHuft Bi^nejocBi. 

BecB BajrrlficR^ RpH^ajn o6i aioft CBaABC*!. CuffB TOBapHo^a 
sanyiajica b% AOJiraxi*, heao 6ujio Bupy^aiB lOHoiny) h najra- 
jpiffB nomejii r^ GnAopoBy. AnroHBHa CHAopoBna, saBHAfl hs'b 
ORHa npoxoAHBmnx'B ^epe3i» abop'b o^HitepoBi, Toiqaci 6%saia 
wh soHTOpy OTi^a cb pyROA'^Ben'B h caAHJiacB y ciojoia, CRpoMHO 
onycnBi roiasRH, sopRO BucHaTpHBaBmle senaxa hs'b o^Hi^epoB'B 
ABopflHi. Gi nepBaro BsrjiaAa ona RasajaacB peCeHRom, h Jlerpy 
EropoBHHy rayCoRO sajiB 6hSJio bha^tb xbrcKYio Ayniy bi aToirb 
BopTeni. Oai saroBopHJTB cb hgh), RaRi cb pe6eHR0irB. HasBHoe 
^eCeiaHBe, A^xcRaa piaBOCiB h npopuBaBmaacH, Cyxro neBOflBHO, 
saraeHHafl H^K&TCRafl ne^ajiB npoHSBejoi chjibho6 Bne^axJiiHie Ha 
BAOBiia. RaRB 6yAT0 cro8b rycTUH nepHua Ty^H npociaoTB JiyHi, 
HOJiy-CRpBiTUft TyiiaHHOft AaJEEBK). JI^Ba roAa nocjui cicepTH MamH 
offB 6uji'B 6JIH80KB Kb HejiaHxojQH;' Buy THS6JI0 6buio bha^tb CTapUX'B 
lOBapHH^efi, poAHio. Ci jiioabmh OHi BCTptnaiiCH TOJiBRO Ha cj[ys6i. 
EAHHCTBOHHafl xeHH^HHa, CB ROTopoft 0Hi» roBopHJTB aiH ABa roAa, 
6uM RysHHa noRoflHHi9i, HaB'In^aBmafl Abieft; a& e^e nana 
CaBBJiBeBHa, Roxopaa no HacaMi» pascRasuBajna eiiy o MamenBRi, 

C&h ea A^XCTBi, MOJIOAOCXH, HOApOdHOCXaXl HOCJliAHHX'B KH- 
HyXB. 

naJIHI](HHy HpHHUIOCB SaftTH HOpeSl A6HB Kb pOCTOBH^IRy. 

AnxoHHHa CnAopoBHa BcipixHJia ero ^HHHHirB peBepancoicB, 
HO CB xaRHHi npoCaecRoiTB paAOCXH, vo IlajnmuHB cnyrHaca. 
Oh^ npHHHcajii CBoe CMyn^eHie cocrpaAaniK): 6iAHoe kbth xasB 
6j[aroAapHO sa Ao6poe cjhobo. KorAa A^a cb pocxoBn^ROHii 6ujih 
noROHHOHH, namimiHi nesaHixHO a^ ce6a caMoro cxajn xoahxb 
BB raaaHB yoniiteft y RpinocxHoro Basa, xoxb axo 6hun^ hoCooib* 
mot RpH)R'B« H RasAut pas'B oh'b bha*!^ AnxonHHy CnAopoBHy 
Bjni Cb ^jKOjsjbjshefah y ORna, hjh bo ABopi h nanHcaAHHRi, n 
BcerAa 8a RaRHMi» HB6yAB a^oicb* To OHa xopiiBJia Rypi, to 



56 PFCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

Hecjia noftJKO RopOB%, to miHBHHJia RpomRy 6paTa. Ona RjiaHfl- 
jiacb neTpy EropoBEHy, spacH^ ao cjiesi, Kor^a ee sacTasajiH 
sa <He6jiaropoAHuirB» a^oicb, cb sacyHeHHUMH pyRaBaifn h 6631 
Kopcexa. Ohi npunHCUBaji'B axo AisHHecROft crpomhocth hfobo- 
pHJUi: «BorB ipyAH jmoOhtb*. Oea CRopo coo6pa8HJia, tto akh 
Hefl BuroAHO nonaAaTBC^t eiiy na rjrasa ci BeApoMii hjih pime- 
TOM'S BT) pyRaxi. Offb He noAOsptBajrb, RaKi* nacTO bctp-Ihe 3th 
6uJiH noATOTOBJieHu H TTO, saBHAH ero iisAaJiE, rto HH6yAB hsi 
MHoroHHCoeHBaro, b'j^^ho nrpaBmaro Ha yjnai^i luiaAmaro hotom- 
cTBa pocTOBiigiRa, Oisi^JVh onpoMexBio AOMOfi o6'bjibhtb cecTpt: 
<TB0fiRanHTaH^ ha^t^! > To, qTORanHTaH'BlIajmi^BiHi»8Baj['BacaJiocTBK), 
pocjio OTX aTHx-B BCTp^HB. HflCTHTyTRa, BOCHHTaHflaa — H 3a rpy- 
6ofi T^2Ecejioft pa6oTOft, rofah y OTi^a xopomia cpeACTBa. H BcerAa 
Becejia, ^cerAa yjiu6aeTCH. Ecjih6u rto CRasajii RannTany IlajiH- 
i^Hy, HTO owb BJiiotfjieHB, OHi* mejvb 6u dTo 8a o6HAy. Owb 
6631 BC^ROit saAHefi neHHCTofl mbicjih KyudJii> npeAJioa:HTB cC'Ia- 
HOft AHTOHHHOHRii nocTyoHTB ryBepHaHTKoft AJi^ MapycH. He- 
saM'lTHo OHi Bce fifljiie h pfljvbe ocTanaBJiHBaJiCH y Bopoxii Hjm 
RaJtHTKH najdHcaAHHRa CBAopoBCRaro AOMa. Ore^ecRH-myTJiHBfiiH 

CJIOBe^RH, KOTOpUMH OHl CHa^aJia HBMOXOAOM'B nepcRHABiBaJica 

CB AOHepBH) GsAopoBa, HpeBpaTnjincB Kb npoAOJiXQTeJiBHUH CocIak. 
ToHi nxi fiufjTB saAynieBHBifl, Tenjiufi, 6oji%e oTe^ecRid. IlajiH- 
ipuwb ysHajii, KaRyK) HpaBCTBeHHyio UBiTRy BUHOCHjia 6iAHag 
AisyraRa. /toMa — aAi. OTei^*B Aep^Tca ci» MaTepBio, RorAa o6a 

IIB2HBI. Paai BB MOpOBl «6iAHaH AHT0HHH0HRa» BBi6i2caJia Vb 

OAHOHi HJiaTBt H HaTRHyjiacB na Xlexpa Eropu^a. Ona ApoJRaJia 
OTB CTpaxa, OHa 6'i^Kajia sa A^A^fi, ^to6u ohi npHmeJiii pas- 
HHMaTB oTi^a ci MaxepBH). IleTpi Eropunx npHRpBiJui efi rojiOBy 
BopoTHHROH'B CB06& niHHeJiii H CTaJTB yTimaTB. Ona npHScajiacB 
Kh Heny, noi^ijioBajia ero b'b nji'e^o, sa ero saJiocTB k% nefi. Ila- 
jiHiiBiH'B oSHnji-B ee, rjiaAHjrB no rojiOB*]^— h BepnyjiCH AOMoft cb 
TaRHMT* ontyn^emeMi, 6yAT0 oh-b Bce eme o6HHMaerB 3Ty Rpo- 
xoTHyio, AOBipuBo npsHHRmyK) ri H6My A^ByniRy. B'B cjd6- 
AyiOHKyio BCTp'fiHy AnxoHEHa CiiAopoBHa BuCistajia ri» neHy bca 
B'B cjiesaxi H, RpinRO cjRHMaH ero pyRy b'b cbohx'b rpoxothux'b 
H HeRpacHBBix'B pyHOHRaxii CB RpacHBiMH o6RycaHHBiMK o6py6oq- 
KaMH-najTBAaMH, oHa npocHJia ero HHRorAa, HHRorAa 6ojii6 ne 
xoahtb mbuo Hxi AOMa. Goc^AH nanajiH cnjieTHHtiaTB npo nee, 

BBIAyMaJIH HTO TO OHOHB AypHOe.., OhH TOBOpflTB, HTO OHX 06hH- 

MaerB h i^'kiyerB ee na yjiHAi... y hhx'b TaRaa HeofipasoBan- 
HOCTB. BiA^ IleTpi EropuTb He MOserB 6utb eft oReHHXOMi: 
xoTB OHa H HOJiyHHJia BocHHTanie B'B HHCTHTyri, Bce-TaRH OHa 
eMy He napa, ona dro xopomo noHHMaerB. %o-jr'b, ^to nepoA'B 
EoroMi Bcl paBHBi... IlycTB Jiyqme ya-B ne CyAerB y nea paAO- 
CTH, eAHHCTBeHHoft paAOCTH efl Hec^acTHoft a?cH8HH, TTO ona xotb 
CJramBrB Ao6poe cjiobo, bhahtb, hto ee xajrIiorB... 



MOJIOjlUE BCXOm GTAPOfi nOJIOGU, 57 

IlycTB Jiy^me oua HHRorAa ne jbhahtb CBoero eAHHCTBOHHaro 
Ao6paro Apyra— tojilro 6u na ea Hecin ne 6fiiJiio nflXHa. nerpi 
EropoBEHi cjiymajTB nsyMJieHHufl, pacrepHHHHft, EptoKO cacHuaa 
AOB-lpqEBO qinjiflBmiACH sa Hero KpoxoTHHa pyqeHRH h naiuio- 
HflflCB Ha^^ KpoxoTHOfl njxaiyii](efi l^iirypRoft... OTeni'B OTAairB ee 
Bi HHCTHxyrb, too6h OHa ^OMa He 4jia xjii6a... TenepB oijaerB 
ee saMyacB sa crapBRa npoTHBHaro, h ee ^R^erB Bce Ta-^ce Heo6pa- 
soBaHHOCTB. Ona xoiijia yfiiH na irtcio bb ryBepnaHiRH. 3th 
HeciacTHEie cjiyxH noM^majiH. 

Ueipi EropoBH^'B BepnyjiCH AOiioft seHHXOMi» AO^epH cMep- 
saBi^a H Bopa> CoAopoBa. Ohi h caifB He noHEMajn, RaRB dio 
Biinuio. ToiHo HMB BjiaA^Jia RaRa^ to CHjia, TOJiRaemafl ero, a 
OHx TOJiBRO noA^HHflJiCA. GaBejiBOBHa BSBUJia BB rojiocB, sa 
ea HJiaHB sanJiaRaJiH a'^th. Crapue TOBapnn^H oTrosapHBajiH, 
ccopHJiHCB. Ofli cffifflHJTB CBaAB6oft. HesicTa en^e 6ojiie. Pojb 
HaBBHaro anrejia 6£rjia r^Kejia ajih A^BymRH, nojry^HBmeft ajre- 
MenrapHoe o6yHeHie na yjiBi](%, y XBepefi Ra6aRa, ROTopsfi vb 
codAHeMi AOM'i conepjRan'B OTei^ e^, na bma oahofo poACTBeH- 
HHKa. YixaBB, TpHHaAitaiH jiirB, bb HHCiHTyTB, A'iBO^Ra yBesjia 
SHaHHxejiBHBift sanacB BOcaoMBHanifi o RaGauKHxi ci^eHaxii h Ty 
paScKyK) CMeTRy h fhCroctb xapaRTepa, ROTopna BOCOHTHBaiorB 

BB AiMXB RyJDiaRH. Ofla 6HCTp0 yCBOHJia HHCTHtyTCRyK) AH- 

ci(HnJiHHy, H Bci HpaBBi n o6u?aH HHCXHTyTOR'B; Bi Rane- 
ctb4 AonepH THTyjwpnaro coBiTHHRa, EaRT> €6j[aropoAHafl>, npe- 
sHpaJia noApyrB Ryn^Hxi or He^Tajia BiiflTH saMyxifsa rhhsh hjih, 
no Rpaflneft H%p%, sa renepajia h Henpeni^HHO 6orana. CyAB6a 
nocjiajia eft IleTpa EropoBH^a h, coofipasHBB^ hto Jiymiaro eft 
Heiero scaatb, ona jiobro noftnajia ero, OTHacTH noJiBsyflCB co- 
B'feraMH OTiia h MaTepn. Bb ceMHaAn;aTB JiirB eniie ne Bupa6oTaHo 
HCRyccTBo HOCHTB MacRy, H IleTpB EropoBHHB ente ao CBaABfin na- 
HajTB saiciHaTB Roe RaRiA MejiOHH, otb ROTopuxii ero Ropo6HJio, 
KOTopHH meBeJiHJiH wh HeHB THacejnyK) mncjeb: ero a'^th, a'^th 
ero anrejia Manm ORa^yTCH bi pyRaxi 2Ecem^^HH, Bspon^eHHOfl 
wh TaROft rpHfHOft nwb. AnTOHnna CHAopoBHa 6£Lia HyTRa h 
yicijia HsrjiaABTB nenpiflTHoe Bne^aTJot'lHie. EL THKOJUoe nyncTBO 

HBTJiaJRHBaJIOCB, IlaJIHItHFB BipHJTB, HTO OWb BOCHHTaeTB SCeHy- 

pe6eHRa, cnacerB AyniTj norH6eJiB ROTopofl HeH86ixHa bibtoitb 
OMyT*. Ho HiiTB (S^BSce hoaxoahji^ AGhb CBaAB6u, rbwb nan^e 
npocunajiocB Taacejioe HyBCTBO. JKennxy TOBapnn^H tbopahjih: ot- 

RaSRHCB, Cb CHAOpOBIUfB HOJRHO CA'bjiaTBCH A^HBraMH, Ha OTCTyn- 

Hoe AOHB ero naftAOTB ce64 »eHHxa noAi* napy. HapymHTB na- 
JiBipiHCRoe cjnoBoI.. Ho en^e 6oJite, ^bib b^phoctb aioMy MOBy, 
roBopHJia BB najiHimni CTpacTB, ROTopaa saRpyKEjia , ero h 
yHecua bb OMyrB 6paRa cb AhtohhhoA CHAopoBHOfi. Ohb npo- 
jKEJi'b MOJiOAOCTB Bi CTporoMx acReTHsirS. JIioSoBb ero ri aHreJiy 
Mami 6HJia rjiyOoRaa, RptnRaa, ho ne 6hjio bt> neft Toro OesyM- 



58 PyCGBOB BOrATGTBO. 

Haro ^a^a, BOToparo owb ciUKHJica, oTAaBaacB eiiy. He dry cro- 
poHy npipoffi Byxin bx neirb Mama. 0, sasx ^acio noroM'b 
Bh nepBBH, npHSHMftfl Mo6'b Kb xojioffHmcb njQrraH'B, oHicJiesHa 

KaflJCfl Bl TOlCb, HTO ^eCTHmTB BifinOlfb npHRpiUrb SUBOTHOe 

BOsxejiiHie, KOTopoe hbxo 6ujio BupsaTBCb KopHein». 

Ofi^ AaJi'B cjiOBO He AaaaxB A^ieS Mama bi> oGhaj MaiHX'i a 
no CBoeny crapajicfl ero ncnojuHHXB. Ho r^b se MysqEH^, eaHflioicy 
cjiyac6oft, a rtMi Coji^e MopflRy, Boxopuft no ir&jniirb MtcflAaicir 
He 6fiiBaeTi> Aona, ycji^AHTB sa bc^mh MeJiOHHUMH apHAHpKaiai^ 
o6eAaMH H y^BBJieHUiMH, RaicHMH xesn^HHa Tuna Ahtohbhu Ch- 
AopoBHU yni^erb OTpaBJiarB jkhshb, ociaBaflCB no napyassocTK 
npaBoft. Bb o6mfim> TLsmmsfiwh en^e bb nepsHft toa'b 6paHH0ft 

JRH8HH AOBOJIbHO B^pHO nOHHJTb HaTypy BTOpOft OReHH; HO Bl* MO* 

jio^axi oHa OTBOAHJia eicy rjiasa. Rpynmui h npaMHfl Haiypu 
He saifi^aiorb HHrpHFb h ROSHeft MejiRHXi h jiyRaBSxi; niaiita^ 
BSJierafl r'b noAHe6ecbK), ne BHAHTb nayrHHU, a bi neft chahtb 
jiAOBHTUfl nayRii, Roiopuft Moserb CMepieJiBHO ysaaiHTB ea nieH-^ 
noBB wb Tsidj^ib. 

UocJLi BpynHux'B ci^eH^B, nerpi EropoBK^i cA&DajrB (m'lHRy 
jRent, He npHssaBaa CBfar^aion^HX'B o6cTOHTejrBCTB'B. Bee b'b Ay- 
meBHOiTB cRJiaA*! or nperajio eicy, paspuBB pocB Bce rjiytfjKe n 
r£y6xe. ^aBHO yiRe nponuio to speMa, Ror^a eft ctohjio npn- 
jiacRaTBCfl Ri HeMy, BsrjiHHyTB na nero Hepnuini, xt^hexb^ ku- 
raHCRHMH rjiasaMH, yjiu6HyTBCfl CBoeft o6ojiBCTHTejn>Hoft yjiuC- 
ROft— H owh ctOBa noAtaBajicfl eii napairB e cosnaBaji'B) RaR'B 
OHa Aopora eny. TenepB ohb BJiaHHJTB cynpysecRoe JipMO, RaRS 

RaTOpSHHR^B Td^Ry^.R^ ROTOpOft HpHROBaHi; OWb JSfl 60JIH CTU- 

AHJicfl npeacHHFo ocJiinjieHiH. Ho h b'b nepBue TOjifi cynpyxe- 
CTsa AnTOHHHa CaAopoBna nnniin* HHRorAa ne MorJia sacTaBHXB 
ero nocTynHTB npoTHBii cob^cth. B'b nocjiiAHie roAU ci^eHu cxajiH 
BUsuBaxB fHCRymeHiei — rpimHyio mucjib, hto pasBOA'B juoxepan'b 
no HecxoACTBy xapaRxepoBi pasyMOHB h ho M0JKerB6fi[TB npoTH- 
Beni BOJit fioxiefi, ne najiaraion^eft na nae^H 6peMH HeyAo6oHO- 
cHMoe. H TenepB apHniso dTo BCRymeme, ho om ycHJueirB bojtk 
noAaBHJi'B epeTH^ecRyio mucjib. 

OhB BUABHHyJTB nopTpOTB AOHOpH, SBCJEOHeHHUft nOpTpOTOlTB 

semi. PacnjiUBHaTuft ASLrepoTHm, RaRi cbbosb ASiMRy, nepe- 
Aasajii npejDiecTB JiHi^a MOJioAoft A^BymRH; ho Bce se AuvRa He 
Horjia CRpui'B TJ[j6oKpo nenajiB bb rjiasaxi, bb yjiBi6R:&. Mapyca 
saxoT^Jia CHflTBCfl B'B nepBHe ahh 6ojii%8Hn, RorAa en^e Buis* 
jRajia. najiHitiiHi* bx coTBift pasi cnpocHJH ce6ji: RaRi ona 
HorJia noji[io6HTB TeftqRe, neroAflH, pasBpaTHHRa, y ROToparo b^ 
dRHnaJK^ JiiOAH iiepjiHy RaRi MyxH oceHBio. ByAB y MapycH 
vaTB— yAepsajia 6u ee. H K&ieh TocROBaia! HajiHiQiH'B bchom- 

HHJTBy RaR'B OWb SaCTaiTB AOHB B'B rOCTHHOft, HenOABHSHO CTOflB* 

meft CB noHBRmeft rojiOBoft, cb ocTanoBBBnuMCH, ho^th 6e8CMu- 



MOIOA&IB BCXOAU GTAPOll nOIOGU. 59 

cneHHHirb BsrjuiAOirb. JEeHHTb tojebko hto jmejrb. 3a6oJi&ia — 
He nycKaJia TeftHRe... XpiCTHHa Aonecjua Ahtohhh% GaAopoBHi 
noACJuymaHHUii Mapyciinu cjiosa: «n8i» oahofo axa bi* Apyrofti... 
A Bce TaKH cjiOBa nasaA'B He BSfljia... Moacerb 6utb, FocnoAB ni 
jsyHmeiiy npHSBajn* ea HsvyHeHHyio Aymy. npHSBajii?.. 

Q najmi^iHi) coApornyjicfl on CTpaniHoft mhcjui, neBi^poAT- 
Hoft, HeBOSMOSHOft, KOTopaa ciajia Bce ynopni^ nejiBKaTL b^bto- 
jsoBi ero bi nocjrIxHee spenfl, KorAa oh'b Horb cnoRoflHie npH- 
noKHHaiB noApo6HOCTH tojLisBE H CHepxH AOHepH. IIpHSBaji'B-jnr 
ee TocnoAB? He cana jqdh CBoeBOJiBHO BHSBaJia ona 6oji%8hb, ROTopafl 
ynecjia ee?.. OrsyAa y ero MapycH BApyn uorjia abhtbch laRaa 
besyiiHafl CTpacTB r^b laHiiairB Bwbcrb cb TaROio jRaAHOCTBH) ri 
HoposeHOMy? IIpesAO Tepn-iTB ne Horjia 6ajiOB'B. HHRorAa b% 
Hefl He 6HJII0 .8Toro o6KopcTBa cjiacTflMH, RaRTB y dTHxi TJijmax'b 
TejiOR^B — SHaRouuxi 6apfiimeHB. H oti^t onetJiHBO npeACTaBJS- 
jiacB Mapycfl cb OarpoBBiMib hothhmb jihi^om-b, o6e8o6paseHH£iM'B 
HSCTynjieHHUirb BajiBcoirB, norjiOHtaBmafl RpynHmm rjroTRaMH 
MoposeHoe. TeftiRe HacHJBHO oxHHMaJn y nea ((jiioAeqRO. Bb 
ymaxi IlaJiHi^iHa npossy^ajTB ea OTB'IrBHa cjiOBa aceHHxa: cBu 
He noHHMaeTe^ hto a^^^6>. — cIIoHHMaK) Jiynme Baniero»... 
droTB TOHi rojioca, aTa saraAo^naa ycMiniRal^. 0, RaR% se 
9T0 offB— orei^'B 6wFh TaRi rjiyx'B ,h CJrin'B! Ohb cxBaxEJiCH 
sa rojiOBy h sacTonaji'B. 

M. HuKOJiaeBa. 
(OKOHHanie CA/tbdyefm). ^ 



Bopbda 3a nadHpaTejibHyH) peoopMy bt> 
AHFJiiH H peoopMa 1832 r. *). 



«KoHCTHTyi^ia npe;i;nojiraraerB cymecTBOBanie onpeAtjieHHaro otho- 
meHifl HesAY H36HpaTaj[flMH h npeAOTasHteJirflMs Hapo^a. Ho kto ace 
ociitjiHTca yTBepaj^axB, ^to b-b naiait o6n^LWh, bi towl BUjsfh, Bt 
KaKOMt^OHa cymecTByerb lenepB, bto OTHomeHie co6Jra);^eHO xota 6u bb 
caMofi ifaiofi creneHH? Oho ho tojibro He coQjioiteHo, a coBepmeHHO h3- 
Bpan^BHO*. AHoificKoe npe;^cTaBHTej[BCTBo, anrJiiftcEafl H36HpaTejiiBHaH 
CHCTOMa — «HaH6ojrbe rHoafl ?acTB EOHCTHiyi^iH, h He HoryrB se 
oHBt BJna^HTB cBoc cymecTBOBaHie eme Bt Teqenle u^biraro CTOJiiiia. . 
EciH ona, dia rmuiafl qacTB EOHCTHTyii;iH, He oinaAerb caiia co6o&, — 
ee Heo6xo;^HMO aifnyTHpoBaTB!'> **). 

GjIOBa 8TH 6HIH nponSHeCBHBI OJ^HHBTB HB'B CaMHX'B BUAStK)IIlHXGfl 

opaTopoBTi AnrjiiH XVHI ct., eme bt» 1770 ^o;^y, ho yHiBant IlBTrB, 
BucRaaaBnrift Hr^ omEdca 6ojLie^ ^iwb Ha 30 irbrh. He npomoro h 
ceMHj^ecHTH siTb nocsfb npoHaneceHHofi hhi naTeTH^ecRoS pi^H, 
KaK'B Ta aH[IyTa^iH, o KOTopoS oht^ roBOpHJTB cb TaKHHi KpacHopi- 

^ieiTB, SOTOpofi OVB Tpe60BaJl'B CB TaSOll HaCT0fi«IHB0CTB1D H Ha 

KOTopyjo TBep;^o Ha^'^iJicH, 6uj[a BunojiHeHa bb 1832 r., Ror^a nocit 
AOJrrofl, Taaejioft h ynopnoft CopbCh, TanyBmefica ntcROJiBRo jificaT- 
ROBi jiiTb H e^Ba He nepemeAmefi b'b peB0J[H)^iH), nepsHfi orojibro 
HH6y;^B cepBe3Hui 6hijib o pe^opift npomeiB ^pesB naiary \o6m^n 
H Sbutb, HaRonei^'B, BOTHpoBani h HasGojiie ysopHofi bi orcTaHBamH 
oraparo nopaxRa Bereft naiaTofl jjeop^obb.^ 

HoTopia H nepHHeTiH aroft 6opB6£i sa HsfiapaTeiBHoe jnpaBO vb 
AnrjEiH, HOTopia fiaiia o pe^opMi 1832 roj^a h nocjiyxaTB^npeA* 
MeTOMB HacToanteft cxatBH. Bb HCTopin AarjiiH XIX JJb. iiepioffB 
BpeneHH, oxBaTUBaDmift co6oH)^8Ty 6opB6y sa n36HpaTej[BHoe^npaBO, 

OAHHB Hdl CamiXB BaXHUXB H ^oaifHX'B HHrepeOHEIXB, ^H'^TpyxHO 

yRaaaTB na RaRoft-indo Apyroft, ROTopBiK mofb 6u 6£ITB nocxasjieHB 
T^jifiWb CB HHiTB no SHa^eHiiD, no t^itb pesyuiaTaiTB, r'b ROTopnifb 



*) B'B ocHOBy HacTOflii;eft craTBH xeraa nyCanraHas sesitfa, npovHraHHas vb 
anp^iib 1896 r., wb noJibay desnaaTHoft HapoxHOft iiHranHH vb Riesi^, 

OOHOBaHHOft RieBCKHin^ 06lI^eCTB01fl rpaifOTHOCTH. 

♦*) Lecky, History of England in XVm, la, 179. 



BOPBBl 3A B36BFATEJa»HyiD PE«0PM7. 61 

OWb npHBeJTL CTpaHJ, no T^ITL FB 0C06eHH0CTH IipOflBJUieHiflM'L, TOfl 

nocTaHOBsi Bonpooa, crb KaRHMH owb BCTpiqaerca sa^cb. Cxapafl, 
crepeoTEnHpoBaHHafl AstjAo. XVni b. cTOJiKnyjiacB cb HaposA&K)ii;eficfl 
HOBofi, oosAaHHoft H i^HjifiWb npesHHxx, HCTopEqecKH cjraraBniHxcfl 

OTHOmeHiH, H TiXl HOBUXI ^aRIOpOB'B SH3HB, A'^fiCTBie KOTOpUX'B 

csasajiocB c^ nojiHofi ouoft si KOHi^y XYm b ki* Ha^airy XIX b. 
npoTHBi crapofi seMJieAtAB^ecKofi AbtjiIb noAHfljiacB He tojibko HOBaa 
KaDBTajmcTB^eoKafl AHrjiifl, ho h xa Bce 6oJii6 h 6oJite yBejUHHBinaflOfl 
pafio^afl Macca, KOTopyH) cosAajEii 8K0H0MH^ecEiS npoi^ecci pasBHxiH 
aHriiflCKoll sbshh XYm b. 066, xota h b'b ne OAHHaKOBOii cxeaeHB, 

GXOHjSH BW& nOJI[HXHHeCKOfl 2BH3HH, HOJIBXH^eCEarO BjiflHlfl Ha XOAl 

A^Jia B'B cxpani, h o6'b, noAi* AaBJiemeM'B EpHSHca, paspasHBinarocH 
B'B AfirjciE BB Eanaji'fc XIX b., opeA'BflBHJiH xpefiOBaHie pe^^opMu. 
EopBfia MesAT cxapofi h hoboS AnrjiieS aBjuiJiacB,. noaxoMy, Hens- 
fitsHOll, H ona pa3pa3HJi[acB co Bcefi cBiofl xox^acB se no osoH^aHiH 

BOflH'B CB peBOJOOI^iOHHOft $paHIUefl H HanOJiieOHOM'B, BUABBHyBniH 

pflAi* BonpocoBi, cAiJ[aBniHx;cfl juhib no3se, cb xpflAi^axBixi h copo- 
KOBiix-B roAOBi, ooAepsaHieM'B shbhh KOEXBHenxa, ho snepBHe saxpo- 

HyXBtXl B'b AHFiliH... * 



3a xpH roAa ao npanflxifl tinjijui o pe^opjii^, vb 1829 r., B'B 
naiarfa pasKrpaiacB jndonuxHafl, ho ho HCKJDoqHxejiBHafl ejol piAstui 
ci^QHKa *}. BosfiyasAeHB 6uj[B aonpocB ofrB oOpasi A'^c^Bift h none- 
A6HiH repi^ora HBDHdcria bi HicreqK'6, Newark. Hs'b npenii o6ho- 
pysuooB, TOO repi^orB, HOAOBOJiBHHft A^nyxaxoirB orb Newark'a sa 
TOy ^xo oH'B noAajTB rojioci ne bi xoitb CMucjit, vb KaKOM'B Cujlo 
seiaxeuHO «ero mej[ocxh> (his grace) repi^ory, sacraBUii A^nyxaxa 
oxsasaxBCfl oxi CBOero ntcxa h HaBHaqHAi KaHABAaxoirB na ero 
irboxo HOBoe jibi^o. Ha Bufiopaxi HBHJicfl, 0AHaE6, naKoit xo xpa6pHft 
conepHHRi repi^orcKaro saHAHAaxa, ycniBmift noiyHEXB ne Hajio roio- 
ooBi B'B CBOD HOJO^sy. To 6ujio HeojraxaHHoe noBOAeHie, h pascepsen- 
Hofi repi^oFB HeMeAJ^eHHO npeAOBcajii oxhhxb seiuH y Bcbx'B H86Hpa- 
xejiefi, noAaBaBHiHX'B roiocB npoxBKB ero KaHAHA&Ta. KorAa Bci 8xh 
AificTBifl repi^ora CAiJiaiHCB B3BicxH£r^ h bi naiaxi npeAi>flBj[eHU 
6uxH eMy npflHua odBBHeaiflf repii,orB cb hcxbhho fipHxaHCKHMi 
xxaAHOKpoBieiTB H CTb noiHtfimHiTB co3HaHieM'B cBoero npaaa o6pa- 
XHicfl Kb naiaxi co cjrbAy^nuiH'B BonpocoMi>: «a pasai^ a ne hm'Iid 
npaaa nocxynaxB ci Moelt co6cxBeHHOcxBK) aaai iiHt 3a6j[aropa3cyAax- 
ca?>. H oxB&x'B 8X0TB He Cuji'b BupaaceHieM'B xejania ibhib oABoro 
2Bii;a, HO CwL'b H'i^M'B jih6o BCKjiDqHxejiLHKirB, cjiyqaflHUHX. iEopAi 
Eldon, 3amHii];aBniifi cb pbbhocxbk), AocxoiaoH Jiy^mefi yqacxH, cyn^e- 
cxBOBaBHiyio B'B AnrjiiH BBfinpaxejuBHyK) cncxeiiy, a aaxoAHBinia ee 



*) Hansard, new series, XXII, 1077. 



62 PFCOKOB BOrATCTBO. 

«o6pa8i^oirb ^eioBib^eoKoll i[7jq>octh», AOKasusajTb cnpaBe^uflBoerb 
TOUH spiuiiii Ha HsdHpaTeiBHoe npaso repi^ora EbDReoru. «Eme 
BO BpeMOHa $0Kca, opaTopoTBOBan ohi vb sdkCiifjKaiE 7 OinnGpa 
1831 roiia, aabho, ffaBHO san^Hn^aji'B a npaBo bk6opobb, Basii oho 
cyn^ecTBjeTB vh AarjiiH. H TenepB bsobb, sasfL b Tor^a, a saflBJUi), 
TTO pe^opMa HBifleicfl npaHoS yrposoS npaBy 0o6cTBeHHO0TH, h6o 
BCt aBTopu, Boi npRCTu: Holt, KaR% h Hale, bhhchhih ^rro wbcm^KE 
«o6cTB6HHHKOB'B, nomination boroughs, ho ojtb toibko npeffierB npaBa, 
ho h npeAMOTb co6cTBeHHooTH» '*'). H BTO npe^cTaBxeHie o npast 

006CTBeHHOCTH 6lU0 OTOJTb CHJEBHO JKOpeHeHO Vh JHaX'B aHriH^affB, 

TTO Eorxa HHm MiaAmifi bhocb Vb 1785 roxy caoft npoesTB h86h- 
paTOJELHolt pe^^opMU,— Bib npooKTi SHamaoB cTaTLfl, npexiaraB- 
Hiafl accHraoBaTB cynuy bi HHJudOH'b ^ysroBi crepnHroKL au 
BUKyna M'boTOTOOBux'B HsfiHpaTeuHuxi npaBiI **). 

OlOBH^O, TTO Bl H86HpaTeJEBHOll aHFJliilcaot CHOTeHt, saK'b OHa 

XkftcTBOBan Bi ToqeHie pfl^a BiBOBi, cyn^eoTBOBaxH HtooTopfiZfl ooo- 
6eHH0CTH, BureKaBmiH Boei^o hsi caMaro xapasTopa BQTopH^ecKaro 
pasBHTifl aHrjuKoKoft B0HCTHTy^iH, H3i> ycjiOBitt ooi];iaiBHaro paa- 
BHTifl orpasu. AHrjdtcRan KOHCTHryipa ho fitua nHcaHHoi KOHorrry- 

^iell• HtTB H He 6lU0 aSTa, EOTOpKft, UOAOOhO HHOrHMl BOHTHHen- 

TaiBHUWB EOHCTHTy^lOHHEurB opeAHeBtKOBHHi asTaHi, onpextiaJTB 6u 

KaSl AdiaiH, TaBli H OOHOBU KOHCTHTyHlH. Ofli, 8TH OCHOBK, KBJL'B H 

AeiaiH, OKiaAHBajiHCB Mej^eHHuvB, HCTopHqecsHHi nyreifb, nyrevB 
nocffbAOBaxeiBHaro Haoxoema h saKOHOBB (craTyroBi*), h corjuinieHit, 
nyxevB BupatfoTKH npHBBnes'B, apaBU'B, o6£iqaeBfB. 

KaKfB BO Mobrb hotth cpexneBiKOBuxB KOHCxHryi^birB, h bi 
aHTjdlteKOt, oooxoBHoe naqajio 6iuo ocHOBHurB HaqajiorB, h npasTH- 
qecEoe ocyn^ecTBJieHie KOHOTRryii^iOHHUX'B npaBi 6huio vb o6ii^eM% 

nO^TH OAHHHl H T^H^ SO. TjiaBHUHli H Cyn^eCTBeHHHHl OCHOBaHieHl 

npBBUBa SB npeACTasHTeiBOTBy Kas'B vb Ahfjoh, TaKi h hb kohth- 
Henrb, ciysHJia cnocofiHOCTB, GoiBmaa hih MeHBmaa, kt> Hecemx) 
noBEHHocxefi Vb noj[B3y rooy^apcTBa. TjiaBHOK) i^&aK) HsSHpaTeJiBHoS 
cHcreMH flBJiflJiooB npHSBaaie tbkbx'b HicTHooreft, xaRHX'B ihi^, ko- 
Topufl Horjra 6u oRaaaTB cyn^eoTBeHHyK) noMepsRy KopoHt pasHKiMH 
aides, BocnocofiieHiaMH AesesHiuiH h ;^p. OiCDji^a oOn^aa qepra 

BCiXB COCJIOBHilX'B KOBCTHTyi^ft — npHSKBl BB npeAGTaBHTeJIBCTBy 

jDunB Tkrb rpa^OTBB, ropoAOBB, MtcTeqesB h t.-u., KOTopBie bie 
no HacejireHHocTif, hjih no BJdflHiK), hah no fiorarcTBy ctoaih sume 
jsfijrETb. TaEB, Hanp., nocTeneHHO cosAajiocB wb KaoTHJOB npano 
npeACTaBHTejuBCTBa tojibko hsb^cthhx'b ropojo^oBB, Majro no najiy aa- 
qasmnxB cMOTpbiB sa cBoe npaso npeAcxaBHreJiBCTBa, kbex na bcsjiio-, 
qHTeJBHyH) co6cTBeHHoeTB. He nyacHO onyoEaiB npn btomb H3b bujSj 



*) lb., vm, 214. 
*♦) Th. Erskine-May, Die Verfassungsgeschiclite Ebgladns, I, 275; Massey^ 
History of Englang, III, 135—6. 



BOP&BA 8A H8BIP1TEJIBH7H) PE«0PM7. 68 

w nKBX*b oficTOflrancTBi, ^ao paoxoAH no npeAciaBHreiLCTBy naAara 
Ha H36HpaTenHyD KoixeriD, too^ ci» Apyroft oTopoHH, cooroflHie Tor- 
AaniHixi njreft coo6meHiA SHanreiBso yiieiHiiHBaio pacxoAH no 
npeAoraBETejaoTBy, pacxoAn, vb Koropuirb aa^oeo ho paBHOAymso 
OTHOCBJiHCb ia6HpaT6iH, OTapaBmiecfl BoiiqeoRE H36aBiTBoa or& hhxx. 
Tiwb le MeHfte cncreva npH3UBa k'b npexcTaBixeiBCTBy bt» fiojirBiDeft 
Hxi MeHBmel CTenoHH cooTBtTCTBOBasa yciOBifln BpeveHH, yoibBuurL, 
cosAEBaBmHirB coBepmeHso iHyio rpynaipoBsy h pacnpeAiieHie h 
HacdieHui, H BiiflHia, liitb 300 — 400 xbrb cnyora. 

Xo XVn B., Bnpo^eirB, cocraBi aHniftcRaro npexcraBBTeiBOTBa 
He ooiaBaicfl HeHsrfaHHHH'B £ noABeprajroa 6ojr6e hxh ueake Kpyn- 
HHHi HSMiHeHtflirB, oeo6eBHO Bi nepioAi BorAa aHrjriftoBaH sopoHa 
orajia npoHBUTB HeABycMuoxeHHUH orpexxeHiH ki HeorpaHH^eflnoft 
Biaem. IIpH renpHxfc YHL cosAaHo 6iuo oroio 17 hobhxi Micre- 

IBKb, KOTOpUHTb nOCUJiaeHU 6hULE KOpOJIOBOEie wilts, npHSSBHlUE 

rpaHOTii; npa dAyapA^^ — 14; npH MapiH— 10; npH EucaBert — 24; 
npH laKovk I— Bcero 4. Iloase, npH Kapxt n ^hcio npeAoraBHrejieft 
(Shio yBemqeHo AByMH *), h c% araro BpexoHH buotb ao pe^opnu 
18S2 r. HHQio uesoBi naxaxH otfn^HH'B oeraBajiooB seHBHiHHHHi, 
He oHorpa na Boi t& HBHiHeiiH, BOiopiiHi noABepraaob shbhb AhtjiIh, 
He eiOTpa na Boi nepeMiHH, npoHcmeAoiiH h vb HacejieHiH crpaHu, 
H vb pacnpeAbxeHiH BiiflHiH h OoraTcraa ota^xbhsitb en ^acrell. 
nooxi peoiaBpai^H naiaia o6ntBHi» saxBaTHia bi cboh pyu hcbji)- 
vreiBHoe npano paaouxui writs h KaieropH^eoKH oTKasuBaiaoB npH- 
BHaaaTb sa xopoieBOEHHH writs KaKoe-n6o peaxBHoe, DpHAH^ecsoe 
BHaqenie. B% peayATaxi nojify«iHxooL to, ^to naiaTa KaiCB tin osa- 
HOHtia^ H eoreoTBeHHO, qro bi Teqenie opaBHHTenHo KopoTKaro Bpe- 
MOHH, yxe B'b Xym B., OHa nepeoraia Bupasaib co6od aIBotbh- 
TBAHoe Haorpoeile crpaHii, ea otin^eciBeHHaro HsbHin, h npcBpaTH- 
lacb B'B nacTOBH^ee oXHrapxEqecsoe npeAoraBHrexBOTBo, npeAoraBH- 

TOXBCTBO HHTepeCOBl HaCTH, B BOBCe^HB BOeiO HaoeXeHUI HXH nfioae 

6oxBmiHCTBa ero. 

npeAi> caHoft pe$opMOll 1832 r. naxaxa o6ii^hh*b, — GxaroAapa 
yBexnqeHin, qHcro oxyqaftnoHy, ea cocTasa npHcceAHHeHieHB e-b nefi 
npeAoraBHTexet moTxaHAiH, a ci 1801 r. h HpxaHAin, — cooroaxa 
H7B 658 qex. Anrxix) npeAcraBxaxH 489 AenyxaTOBi, IIIoTxaHAii) — 
45, YaxBCB— 24 h HpxaHAiK)— 100 **). Ho npeAcraBHrexBCTBo co6- 
GTBeHHOB'B AHrxifl nopasaxo cBoefiKpafiHefi nepaBHOH'bpHocTBjo.AecaTB 
loxHUxi rpa^CTBTi (KopHf 8XXB, JleBOHniHp'B, CoMHepceiniBpi, ^opcer- 
mapi, yflXBTrnHpi, ^danniflpi, C^ccorcb, Kbht^b, BepEmBpi h Ce- 
pefi) HacqflTHBaxH oroxo 2900000 Aynii HacexeHia h noouxaxH 



*) Rapat n ABJTb npaBO npeAcraBHTeucrBa Dnrham'y a Newark'y- Han* 
sard. Pari, history, lY. 507—512. Cp. Erskine May, 1, 226—7. 

»*) Oldfield, Representative history, YI, 285-300, KHHra 01dfield*a BSinua 
B'b 1816 r. Cp. Annual Register, 1793 r., cTp. 83-105 h 1821, crp. 49. 



64 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

BT> napjiaMeHTB 237 A^nyTaTOBi. MexAT t^mi b(A oorasBHUfl rpa$- 
OTBa, Bi» KOjoE^ecTsi 30 ci HaceieHieifb bi 8350000 Aynn», — 
nooujajiH Bcero 252 AonyraTa. ^yrHMH cjioBaicH 34 ^aon* HaoejieHifl 
Hirbia npaBo nocujaTB e^sa He nojiosHHy Bcixi npeACTaBHieieft. 
ConocTaBJOHie OTAiJiBHuxi» o6j[acTefl o6pHCOB£iBaeirB KapTflHj h86h- 
paTOJUHofi cncieMu en^e ci 6oj[Bineft apeoctbh). KopnyajjB e^Ba 
saKJw^an b'l cbohxi npej^ax'b Hacejieme b^b 250 tucsn'h, a moT- 
saHAifl HacHHTBiBaAa ^o 2 mbjuIohobi ;(yni'B, ho RopnydJuiB eh^'b 44 
AenyiaTa, a moTiaHAiH tojibso 45. npoaopujioHaJiBHOHi Haoejiefiiio 
npeAcraBHTejiBOTBi, o^esHAHo, He Mono 6uTh h pl^H, a^^^ ^ 
vb 7QWb cjLj^a/ky ecjEEH 6£i HacejieHie Anrm Sujio cTa^ioHapHO 
Bi> TeqeHie BpeMena cb XYII b. no 1832 r. OqeBHAHO laKase, hto rpa- 
MOTHoe 6ojiBinHHCTBO npHHHHaiio BBCBMa Hajioe, B^^pHte BOBce He 
npHHHiiajio aKTHBHaro y^aciifl bi» BuSopax^ npoAcraBBTejiefi cxpanH, 
npeAcraBETejiefi, npioGptBniHX'B bi XYIQ b. rpoHa^oe BHa^enie h 
BJUHHie Ha xoAi» A'^J^'b bi. cTpant h Ha efl saKOHOAaTeiiBCTBO. 
MesAy liiTB, Ha A^i Haceaeme ho tojibeo ho 6ujlo cxaiUoHapHUirB, 
a yBora^HBajiocB, h yBejiH^Hsajocl* cpaBHExejiBHo 6fiicTpbe fb Ahfjoh, 
nibwb B'b Apyrnxii cTpaHax'B. B'b KOHqi XVn b., no BU^HOAeHUOTB 
MaKOJOfl, vb AnrjuiH h yaiBct HacqHT£iBaj[OC](» okojlo 5V^ mhjuIohob'b, — 
Bi 1801— yae 8,873000, aochtb ji4tx cnycra, b-b 1811—10,150000, 
H Vh 1876 yse 11 MHJudoHOBX *). 

PasorMoBaHiH, npoHSBeAeHHsm B'B 1773 h saiiM'B bi 1793 roAaxi, 
o6HapyHHiH ci hojiHott o^eBHAHocTBi), TTO rpoMaAHoe Cojebhihhctbo jsfijrj" 
TaiOBi HsfiHpaiooB Ha A^Jii uewbe^ ^iiTB 15 TuoflianH HsfiBpaTOJieft. 70 a^^ 

nyraTOHB H86HpaJH0B BI 34 MtCTHOCTflX'B, OTHOGHTeJLBHO KOTOpUXl <6hLJI0 
6U 602Bm0fi HaHBHOCTBD TOpflTB Bpeiffl HaA^ HOUCJJEemeirB KOAH^eCTBa H8- 

dnpaTeiell, h6o Bu6opii b'b hhx'b 6luih qHcriimeg $opMajubHOCTBK)> **). 
90 APJt'HX'B AonyraTOB'B nociuaJUEOB 46 HtoTHOcxflMH, hsi kotophtb 
no^H HH B'B oAHOiTB HO Hac^ETBiBaiocB H 50 H86HpaTej[ei. 37 A6ny- 

TaTOBl HSfinpaiHCB 19 ir&CTHOCJpflllH, MOHie ^M'B (TB 100 H86HpaTe- 
iflHH KazAaa; 52 — 46 MioTHOCTaiiH Kente q'bM'B ci 200 HSfiHpa- 
lejieS KasAaH. Bi 1793 roAy CojaniHHCTBO bi> naiari^ oOh^hhi oo- 
OTOHJio H3i> 294 qjienoB'B, h 6on»maa ^aciB hxi H36HpaiacB nenie 
hAitb 250 HBfinpaTejuiMH, a ocraABHaa— MOHBrnHMi koih^ootbom'b h36h- 
pareJieS, ^wb 100. B'B UIOTJiaHAiH npoHOXOAHJO to se caifoe: 20 
HpeAcraBHTeJLet nooBuajuioB b'b napjuuieHTB moTiaHACRHHE rpaj^oTBa- 

][H, H3'B KOTOpHTB KaSAOe HO SaElD^aiO B'B OBOOfl OpOA^ H COTHH H8- 

6HpaTe2efi. 

Osojio 15 Tuofl^'B HsGHpaTeiefi na 8Vs mhjuqohob'b nacejieHiHl Ta- 



*) Cm. Porter. Progress of the nation, 1851, ra. l-aji, cTp. 5 h cj. Op. 
raifL se npnM. kl cTp. 13, r^ a^hu i^H(|)pii HaceJieHin Abtrxb. a YdJiBca ci 
1570 no 1750 r. 

**) <It would be to trifle with patience to mention any numbers of voters 
whatever, the election being notoriously a mere matter of form». IleTH^ifl 
1793 r. B'b Annual Register 1793 r. 



BOPBBA 8A HBBBPATBI&HyH) PE«0PU7. . 65 

soBa 6fi[ia BH6opHai[ aHTjuicEaii oHoreMa. Ho y^aoiie h arnxi 15 tei- 
eaTB, saAaBaBHiHX'B tohi cbohhh npe;(CTaBHTeJUUfii vh uaiaTi, tiujio 
B'L 6(M[i»iiiHHCTBi^ ciy^aeBi, cTporo roBopa, hhcto HOMHHaiBHiiirb. Ebi 
Bcefi cyMMU npe^cTaBirrejiEefi AHPJiiH h yajiLca — 172 npeAoraBEieifl 

. HaBHa^ajIHCB OpaHO mtiO KOpOJieBCKOK) BJaCTBIO, T. e. MEHHCiepCTBOlfB, 

j[h6o HaoTHHHE JHi^aMH; 137 H86Hpaj[HCB noA'B BiiaHieiTL Toro se hh- 
HHcrepcTBaiun lopAOBi. JlpyrHMH ojioBaHH 309 npeAciaBHTOJiell, t. e. 
tiojBiiniHCTBO, Jui6o HasHa^amcB, xr6o yKaauBitiHCB k'b B.36paHiD, to 
BJiacTBH), TO 162 BiiflTeJLBHNMH JiopAaMB. B'B IIIoTJiaHAiH H3% 45 npex- 
cTaBHTejefi 35 ofiflsanH tiuAH cBoifMi npBCYTCTBieui* Bi naiaTJ^ ^aEry 
npocToro HasHa^eHifl, u npHcoe;inH6Hie 100 hobuxi uohokb otb Hp- 
jEaHAiu He HSMimjio hh sa boxoctb BsaHMnaro OTHonieHifl napiaiieHT- 
CKEXB CHU, TaK7> KaK'B 51 npoAOTaBHTeJiB nooiuaica vb najiaTy 36 
nepavH, a 20 — ji;6BflTHiwaTBB) KOMMOHepavH *). yHiJi cb npiaHjpeft 
AOBOjra ^bojio ueHOB'B najiaTU ofinms^ ao 658, ho hs'b hhx'b 424 
BIB HaBHa^asHOB, HJiH yKaatiBaiHCB K'B Hsfipami) 252 HaTpoHaun. 
<CTpaHa« nncajPB fb CB0BX^ KeMyapaxi CEAHeft Chhtb vb 1826 r., 
npHHaAJiesHTB repi^ory PyrjiBHAy, Jiop^y JLoKujifiJOD^ repi^ory EEbdko- 
CTJID H en^e 20 ^pyrnirB ootfoTBeHHHKairB M'bcre^eR'B. Bci ohh— Hanm 
BJia^SH H rocQOAa» *'*'). 

IIpaBAa, Baa^afl HOBaa cecoifl napiaMeffra OTEpiiBaiacB Topse- 

CTBeHHfiHTB SaflBJieHieM'B, COCTOHBHIHirB B'B TOITB, TTO HaiaTa OS'BHB- 

jflia «BejiH?a8mHirB HapymemeM'B cbohtb npasi, npHBHueiift h 
BOjnbHOCTOfi, ecjm kekoS Jin6o JEopAi napjuaMOHTa hjcs rpa^cTBa sni- 
maoTCfl B'B H86paHie ueHOBT> najaTs o6ii^Efii>>. Ho to fiujia He 6o- 
jrke KaK'B TopsecTBeHHaa ^opvyjia, yTpaTHsmaa SHa^OHie h dobto- 
pjiBinaHCfl HS'B cecciH B'B oecciD hoaoGho ss>6oi tiiopoKpaTH^ecKoft 
^opiiaJiBHOCTH. ^a H KaKoft cMUOJTB, EaKyD CHiy MorJio HMiTB 8T0 sa- 
flBJieBie, Kor^a tojibko Teopia moHia o paBHOBiciH sjiacTefi, a npaK- 
THKa oGpam^aia no Heo6xoAHMOOTH h B'B cHJiy TpaAH^iH naiary o6- 
jnjswb vb saBHCHWoe opyxie tioraraxnb seueBJiaA'i^JiBi^eBi h mehhctop- 
cTBa. Ha jifhjii, BonpeEH TopsecTBeHHOMy saaBJieHiK), 245 ineuovb 
naiaTU HdCHpaiECB 128 nepanE. H bto en^e EpaHHe yMipeHHufi oqerB. 
ABTopi* BCTopiE E86EpaTeji[BH0ft CECTeMu, Oldfield, CB I^E^paifE E $aK- 
TaHH B'B pyKax'B noEasaJTB, ^o 371 asrJiEqaH'B, 45 moTxaHAi^eB'B h 
71 Hpji[aHAei^'B 6wm <E36EpaeHB[» nyTOM'B npoororo Hassa^eHifl. Cjiobo 
«E36paHie» 6hxo eb fioite, KaK'B ofiHOiBKoft, oho yflOTpe6juu[OGB npo- 

CTO E8T» npflJIE^fl. €H36Hpail» JLOfP.'b JEOHCABXB A^BHTB HJI6H0B'B na- 

jiaTH, 8a ^TO H noay^HJrBSBaEie «niTyxa bi j^eBaTE-KypBHOM!B CTa;^*****) 
f HstiEpaJifl' T^wb se nyroMi: 4 repi^ora e Jiop^a, no 6 uesoBi Kas- 
AHfl; 2 repnora — no 5 qienoB'B; 3 repii;ora b 2 aopAa — no 4 uesa; 
repi^orB b 3 JopRa — no 3 ^uena h t. a. TaK'B 6hjiobi1793 r. ****). 



*) Oldfield, VI, 298 h <yi*A.; E. May, I, 248. 
♦*) Mem. U, 214, ^HT. y E.^ay, I, 248, npHM. 1 
*•*) Oldfield, VI, 286- 
****] Cm. Annual Begi&ter, 1793, 94, vjfjk a^bu eI^cbojibko bhua luifipH. 

H 1. Oi«*J» 1. 5 



66 PyCCKOE BOFATCTBO. 

Ho H Bi nooJiiAynn^ie roAu nopflAKH bi cymtecTBt ocraBajiHCB Hena- 
niuH£iMi: JiHmb to yBOJiHqHBajiocB, to yHeH&majnocB KOJiH^eciBO MtcTL, 
KOTopuin* pacnojiaraji'B to totb, to HHOtt hbi repi^oroBii h j[opAOBi>, 
M-lkcTewB nepexoAHJUH esti pynnb b-l pyRH nyrem npoAasH h t. n. 
KaRoS jle6o JiopAi*, Bpo^i, nanp., Jiop^a AdpiHHrroHa, 6kijit» co6cTBeH- 
HHROifL JiBmh oAHoro H'i^CTe^Ea bi 1793 r., a ^esi HicRoiBRO jAt^ 
HpoBpaTHJiGfl nocpoACTBoiTB uoRyHORi BO Biiaj]^tj[bii[a yse (ao cjioBaHi. 
Oldfield'a) i^tiux'B mecTH irbcTe^eRi, t. e. bi €B36HpaT6j[A> mecTE 
ueHOfii najaTU o6i]^eei». To 3Re cjiy^EJiocB e (tb JiopAom Tepr^op- 
;^oirL, yaoTMEHorepoH^, ^^Ei^i-yHJUbEMCOH'B fl T. Am ROTopue jBejiaqEJiE 
co6o]D pam BJiaAtJSbi^eBi> mecrs e hete irtcTeqeRb, e ci> repii;oroMb 
Eop^oiBRi, Roroputt AopocL AO i^uxii oABHEaAi^aTE MtoTe^ORi. no- 
Ao6so JiosaHi wb TeaTp*]^ Delia Scala bx MfljiaHi ?acTb utcrb bii 
naJiaTt ofin^EEi npeBpaTEjracb bi* EacxtACTBessyH) co6cTBeEEooTb, n 
T&iTb oaiiuirb flSTepecH Rpynsaro BOMjeBJiaAtBifl BamjiE ceti'b se He- 
Hte RpyEEyD onopy bi pfl^axi qjieEOBb EHSseft naiaTu. 

To 6wLn TBRi BaBUBaeMUE «rsEJ[iifl Hf>cTO^RE> (rotten boroughs), 
EppaBinifl BEAsyiD poib Wb CTapofl asrjiifioRoii BsOHpaTejibHoS ce- 
oTeHl. ^a fl qTO bto 6wlii sa h'j^ctohre, ns'b 3a €oxpasesifl roto- 
puxi npejiOMjifljiE Ronbfl Rpacsoptqifl 9jLhAowb s eicy noAofiHue A'i^E- 
tojeI y JopAa BeBepjiE — MicTe^Ko BapejibCTOBi ci 0AHHin> paAOM-b 
AOMOBX, ofiJoaeEEHMi B'b 10 $. CTepa. eaeroAHo; y jop^a Mohcobte* — 
irboT^qRO TaTTOsb, npeACTaBJiEBmee co6ok) de facto A^eHTJibMencRiH 
napRTi, y jiopAa Caledon'a — 3BaMeBBTMfi Old Sarum, noapocTy se 
Gojite, RBRi sejieEaE JiyaaiRa; y jsropAa rasTEsr^EjbAa-'eme Coiie 
BflaHeEEToe litcTe^RO ^asyEm, npaBAa cymecTBOBaBmee, so Msoro 
cTOjlTifi saaaA'b Bc^essyfiinee B'b BOJisaxi ciBepEaro Mopa: sacroE- 
n^ift fief en Tair, coxpasEBinifi 3a BJ[aAtJ[bii;6H'b b(A npaBa peanbEoft 
co6cTBeEEocTE. H peajHESU'b btoA co6cTBesEOCTE ESorAa sa secyn^e- 
GTByjDs^ee 6uj[b peaJiE3E0M'b sacTOEiiiEH'b s EenoAA'i^JiBEuirb: napu, 
AoGflBaBmiecfl BHCuiEX'b TSTyjOB'b MapRflsa e npo?., RovMOsepH, sas:- 
Aasmie noMicTSTbCE B'b psAu napoBi, 6ujlii bcI B'b oASEaROBOfl ere- 
nesE y&bsAeEu, e coBepmesso se saopacso, hto BJiaAtsie HtcTeq- 

ROM-b, XOTH 6h E EdeSSyBmEM'b B'b BOJBaX'b Mops, — npEMOE B Bip- 

EHfi nyTb R-b ycnixy. 

Ho MtcTe^RaiiE se Ec^epnuBajiaGb eme bce cECTOMa SMdopoB'b. 
3a SEME E pflAOMii e-b SEME BucTynajiE ropoAa s rpa^CTsa. 

TopoAOB'b^ nojibsoBaBmsxcfl BsdspaTejibSiiMfl npaBBME, 6b[J(o cpas- 
SETOJibso seMsoro. Bet nepeni^su, npoEcmeAiniE Bb cociaBi e pac- 
npoA'l^JiesiE sacejesis B'b ropoAaxii, BoasERSOBesie sobux'b RpynsBixi> 
ropoACREX'b niesTpoBi ocTaBsuECb BS'b BCSRaro sjiiflsifl sa Bu6opbi, 
sa EsOspaTejibsyH) cscTeMy, e 3sa^flTejibsaE qacTb ropoAOB'b, ocoCesBO 
T*, sftcejuesie s aBaqesie EOTopHx-b soBpocjio Bb XYIII b., bobco Be 
EMijin npeACTaBETCJiefi b% najiarb. Bb rfex-b ae ropoAaxi, uoTopue 

nOJ[b30BajlECb ESdEpaTOJIbElIME npaSHME, CECTOMa BBl60p0B'b OLIJia 

RpasHe seonpeAtjeflBa, seacsa, BBi6opH oTiiEqajiECb RpaflsHMi pas- 



B0PL6A 3A. HSBHPATEJirBHyK) P£«0Ptf7. 67 

HOo6pa3ieHii. Bi 6ojn>inHacTBt, BAoSaBOKi), KOjrniecTBO HsCnpaTejieii 
fifiiio Tas'b Hs^TOSHO, ^TO Bcerj^a huh no^TH BcerAa Bhi6^pu npoHC- 
lOAHJEH corjiaGao Boxt h 3sejiaHiK) irlcTHUxi> uarflaTOB-b hjeb iipaBH- 
TdJiBCTBeHHiix'b aroHTOBi. IIopflAOK'b Hsdpaaifl onpeAtiaiofl o6u?H£ihi> 
npaaoiTB, bi cniy Koxoparo npaBO y^acTia b'b Bu6opax'B npaaajpe- 
saAo B'B KasAOifB ropojii B&kwb oc^AJranfB ero AOHOBiLaj^tjiBi^^aiii. 
Ho aa npaRTHKi^ aio cpaBaaTOJiBHo mapoRoe npaBo coxpaaaJiooB 
jiamB B'B BocBua aeHBOFHX'B aoceieaiflxi. B'B 6oi[BniBBGTB'b ropoj^OB'B 
B£ipa6oTajrBCB* aa BTorB cqerB cbob oco6ue n spaSae pa3Boo6pa3- 
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jiesifi B36BpaTeji[aMH o^BTajtacB, BO-nepBHX'B, Bct sbbtbib, njiaTBBniie 
ropoi^ORie aaiiorH (scot and lot), bo-btopbix'b, bc£ tbr'b aasiJBaeiaie 
«potwallers» bjib «potwallopers», t. e. jiaii[a, saBmia co6cTBeaaiiiUH 
cpeACTBaifB, ^oMOxosaeBa a jiaii^a^ aaaaMaBiniB RBapiflpu. Ho B'B 
ocrajiBBUx'B adSapaTejEBaua npaaa 6hiiuL ci>yseBu ao mioimum'a, 
KaR-B BT» Aarjiia a yajBci, TaR^ bi» ocoSeaaocia bt» IHoTJaa- 
Aia apaao BBi6opauxi npeACTaBaxejefi apaaaAJieaajio aoRiBO^a- 
TOJiBBO o^aoMy ropo^oROMy ynpasJieaiH), cociaBi* ROToparo o6hr- 
BOBeaao nonoiafljica ae nyieMi Bsfipaaia HaieiaMa ropo^a, a 
nyxejTB caiioa36paaia, nocpeACTBOMi) fiu6opoBi>, npoasBOAiaiiux'b ca- 
MBMi se yapaBaeaioM-B, Kopnopaniefi. B"b BoKaarewt a BBro^ie'i^ 
(Bewdley) asoapaTejiflMa dujia jibuib 6eiJLbE^i> a 12 ropo»aBi> 
(burgesses), dt, Baii — Msp-B, 10 OJiBAepMeaoB'B a 24 ropoACRaxi* 
coBtiBBRa (common councilmenj; bi Salesbury — Mepi a 56 ropoA- 
CRBX-B coB'feTaBKOB'B H T. H. F^t BB ocBOBy asSapaieJiBBaro npaBa 
Oujia no203KeBB[ Cojite mnpoKia ocaoBaaia, tbri juamB BecBMa aeMBorie 
n36apaTejia DoaB30BajiacB CBoainb npaBOM^. MhcTOHKo Gatton noJB- 
30BajiocB caBaua mapoRBMa H36apaTeJiBBbiBia npaBaiia, bo ^acio ero 
Hafiapaiejieft e^sa AOxo;iiBJo ao 7, a bt> TaBaoToat— a^ 10. Bb neia- 
aIb, noABBBoft B'B napjiaMeaii* b^ 1793, nojioaceaie BsfiapaiejiBaHX'B 
ropoAORBX'B RojiAerla dujio o6pacoBaao apsaiia a saojial ai^paHaa 
KpacRaiiB *). «Ji;ocTonoqTeBBaa aaiaxa, rjacajia nexai^ia, xopomo 
3aaR0Ma co oRyqaaaa, saayTaaauBa a TaacemMa cn;oaaMa cnopoBTj, 
BOBaaRBBniax'B a A^S^T^P^BaBmaxca npoA'B bbbb oTaocBTejBao sa- 
RJBBOOTB Biia BeaasoBBocTa MBoroqacidBauxb a cjiosbuxl npaa^ aa 
B36flpaT8iiBBLia rojrocB. Crojibro Htcai;eB'B Aparoii^taaaro BpeMoaa 
6aio flOTpaqeao bbmb aa BHcjiymaBaaie Mataift cyTan»-iopBCTOB'b 
no BonpoeaML o paajia^Baro poAa AQpaaaiBXii: burgagehold, leasehold, 
freehold. Crojlbro ROuaTeTOB'B saaaxo 6u3lo BBCJitAOBaaieicB npapoAM 
scot and lot, potwallers, oSniaa-B, oc^ajimx'b aaxejiejaL a aaxeireii 
BOo6n](e! Crojtbgo BpeMsaa b xpyAa acxpaqoBO aa npadaaaie saRoa- 
Bocxa npaBi. aareiea MicreisRb (borough men), ojBAepMaaoBb, 
nopx^eBOBi, droprepoBib (burgesses), qieaoBi. coBtxa, a RaKaa ny- 
TaBHD(a co3AaBaiacB BOJitAcxBie cyn^ecrBOBaaia RpaSBO ciO/RaMri* 



*J Annual Register, 1793, crp. 85. 

5* 



€8 PyCCKOE BOTATOTBO. 

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400 $. eseroAHaro AoxoAa, h saTiv'B otb sasAoft qaoTE €E86HpaiE» 



-i 



Wilberforce, IL 133, 
E. May, I, 244-6. 



BOPBBA 81 H8BHPATBIBH71D PE«0PM7. 69 

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-saperiority, t. e. lesi; Kpoirl BJ[aAiJa»iteBi> bthx'b superiorities 
HHKTO He HKin npaBa rojiooa. Orroro a&s6 vl 1831 roxy woio 
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*; Hangard. VH, 629; E. May. I, 245—6. 
**) E. May, I, 245 npiM. 



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♦) lb., CTp. 245. 



BOPBBA 3 A H3BBPATEJIBHyH> PEMPliy. 71 

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cnocjii pacnyn^OHia napjiaiieHTa, npocyn^ecTBOBaBmaro MeH'be 4 irfa- 
cai^eBii, H02RH0 6buio AynaTB, ?to Bci iftcxa, oGuKHOBeHHo npo- 
AaBaoMua hx% codcTBeaHBRaMH, fiyjiyTi npo^aBaTBca A^nioBjie. A 
MeaB^y riirB nxi npo^aiarB 3a tiojiie sucoRyio miay, wkwh paaBnie. 
TapHefi, aroHTB nanmaro MBHECxepcTBa, pascRasuBarB MHt, ^to 
3a ABa MtcTa otb yecTfispa, btoS co6cTBeHHocTH noROftnaro aop^a 



*) B. May, I, 229. 
**) Ibid, 230. 

***) Life of RomiUy, 11, 200. 
***♦) Walpole, History of England, I, 241. 
*****) E. May, I, 233. 
******) Life of Romilly, II, 200. 



72 PyCCKOB BOrATGTBO. 

A6HHrA0Ha, owb npeAiaran 10 meflTB ^ynTOBi, ho ^to oneEyHH, 
B'B BHAaxi 7BeJunieHii[ aoxoaobi, otkiohhjui ero npeA2oaKeHi6». II 
owb wpojiftjasaL&rb: cnoKynsa kActb— npocTO BosMjinTejcbHa, a MesA7 
Tiwb aro ^jtb ho eAHHOiBeHHiifi enoco6'B npoHHKHyTB vb naiaiy h 

AM HeSaBHOHUHTB UDJSfifL. Bu6opl R3,p0J^0Wb npH COBpOMeHHOM'b 

nojiosemH H86jipaTejiBH0ft OHoreMH HeiiHciKico h AyvaTb. IIoiyuTL 
Miero Bffb pyKi EaKoro-HHfiyjiqb JiopAa Bnaqimb BOTipoBaTb, sasi owl 
npHKasoTB H, QiiAOBaTeJiBHO, nonacTB wb ooBepmeHHO saBHCHiioe no- 
jioxeHie. Ooraeica noxepiBOBaTB qacTBn HMyn^ecTBa am nojiyHeHifl 
MicTa. n H6 Majo cy^ecTsyerB lasHX'B jihi^, Koropiur nsi^sa ao- 
HesBHxi* paac^eioBi, hbi seiasia xopomaro h BiiroAsaro noiiiii^eHifl 
Kansraia, noKynai)TT» MioTa, ofipan^aKm Bi ToproBoe a^o noMisKy: 
nosynai Mtcra, ohh npoAanrB cboh roj[Ooa>. H cairB Pohhah, oahfb 
H3^ qecTHiftmHZ'B a'^tojioA toi'o BpeiieHH, OTEpuTO saflBHBinifi bi> 
1805 r., HTO OB'S «TBepAOH HenoEoie6HMO pimHJica fie noKaTB Mtoa 
B'B napiaiieHTb HHaqe, ebkl nocpoAOTBoirL HapoAHaro Bufiopa uh 
nyreiTB jumtu paayMHOft i^-bHU sa ifiGTO», HicKOJiBKO no3ze saiua- 
THJTB Tejmprj Hop^oxBKy 2 tucji^h ^yHTOB'B sa oaho hs'b OAHHsaA- 
i^aiE MicTe^eKi, npsHaAiesaBiiiHxrb na npasaxx codoiBeHHooTH atony 
nocjiiAHeiiy *). 

Ho noKynKa Micie^Ra hie iilcTe^eR'B (Jiop^^B KiafiBi, 8HaHeHH- 
Tuft iSaBoeBaiejiB HhaIh, ycnijrB Hanp. xyuHTB mrjK'b uarb lasHxi 
M'^cTeqesB) Siua en^e OTHOcirrejiBHO ne6ojQ>mHin> biomi*. He Bci xi- 
crevH, He nci ropoAa mosho 6wlo EyimTB i^bJUiROM'B. He Bci irb- 
OTOHKH cocTOfliH Wb ^egjA nomination boroughs. Bbuuih laEifl, vb 

KOTOpHXl npBXOAHJOCB HlctTB A'^0 IipflMO Cb HstiHpaTeJUlHH. H BOTB 

8A1cb TO Bci HaH(k)J[ie leiraHfl oropoHu HsfiEpaiejiBHolt cHoieMH bu- 
crynajiH Booqin aapyxy. HsGHpaTeAHai arHiaipfl HBjeiacB b^b cyn^- 
HOCTH aTHTanieit noAsyna bi caMOM'B HenpHriBABOirB ero bha^. ?to- 
6h 6utb HsSpaHEHiTB, mosho 6£IjI0 jh6o caMOMy, jlb6o ^ped'B nocpoA- 
ctbo npoAaHHiixi hjh <npo$eccioHaiBHHX'L» jihi^'b nocTaBHTb Aocra- 
Tomoe EOJHqecTBa bhceh, djoo h t. n., 6pocHTB Ha ary o^epa^iD 
HicEOJiBSO mcajTb ^^yHioBi crepiHHroBi, saxiirB BOcrpyfiHTB o boih- 
EHxi AocTOHHCTBaxi peEOMeHAyeMaFO H onaHBamn^aro Bu6opnp[EOBi> 
EaHAHAaTa, — h H36paHie B'B 6oj[BmHHOTBis cji[y?aeBi» OEasBiBaiocB Bnont^ 
o6e3aeqeHH£DrB. En^e HaEanyHt pe^opMU, ne jsjBLJsiej nasx bi 1831 r. 
2opAi> PoccejiB yEaauBaji'B ^bi> najiarfa, ^to onanBanie H86Hpa- 
TeJiefi ecTB cTopona anrjiificEoft xhshh, pis^e Bcero GpooaDo^uica 
B'B rjasa qyseoTpaHi^eBB **). He 6uio laEnrB BBi6opovB, — Boe 

paBHO npOHCXOAHTB JIE OHH B'B yaOTMHHOTepi HJOI BB JEHBOp- 

njjA, — EOTopue o6xoahj[hcb 6u 6e3B noBaiBHaro nBHHciBa, noAEyiiOB7», 
ApaEi, saEaHHHBaBmHXCfl OMepTBn AByx'B-Tpexi ^ej[OBiEi>. 3t.o Cbueo 
AO Toro o6u[A6HHUKi» HBieHieKi, qro Ha Hero piA^o eto bb AnrJiiH 



*) Ibid, II, 118. 



**) Annual Register, 1831, f. 



BOFBBA 3i. H3BHPATEJ[&H7K) PB«OPHF. 73 

ofipam^ai'B BHHMaBie. Budopaxi bx JlHBepnyi'i^ OT3UBanoB, ^o 
noxKyiTb Ha hhxi npondBOAHicfl vb rpasiAiOBHuxi pas^ilpaxi, hto 
;ieHi»rB ^yrb h6 OTspn^o pasAaDica HsfiEpaTejuufB. «B:b cuy a^bho 
joiaHOBBBmaroca o6u^afl, nHoajEi yEU[B6ep$opc'B *) oahhi fojiocb b% 
Tyjut oiuauBaicfl ABjMfl rHHeflMH, a ^ckojibko rojocoBi— ^eiBipBMfl; 
Ha npoisAi H8i JIoHAona HsdHpaTen) BUAasaiH no 10 ^. cr. BjKBa 
3aK0Ha npH btomi He Hapymaiacb, e6o njiaxa npoHBBOAHJiaoB bi> 
nocjdMlHift A^hb BH[6opOB%». Bot'b no^eiiy JiopA^ Cochrane 6e3i» xai'&tt- 
maro oicynieHiH pasoKi^HBajrB bi najart, ^o nocjii BHSopoBi ohi 
nocHiax'B Bi Honiton rjiamaTafl, Koxopufi rpoMBO EpEqajTB Ha ym- 
i^ax'B, npHrjiamaa rocnoA'B aaeHpaTeiefi OTnpaBJiflTBCH ki 6aHKHpy 
JiopAa A^ oojiy^eHiH KasA^irB 10 $. 10 maju. **). Bi MeAcroni ycTa- 
HOBHiaoB npocraa Tasca: gtojibko-to sa oahh-b roJtoci, gtoj[bi&o-to sa 
HHorie rojioca, a ropoA^ CsAfiepE wb 1766 roAy othiHBHAi OTEpuTO, 
HTO oHi K7» ycJEyraiTB EasAaro, sejann^aro sanjiaTETB xaKyiD-TO cymiy 
EJiH CojLbmjJD ***). Kopnopai^iH OKO^pAa, o6peM6HeHHafl AOJrraHS 
H nonaBmaa bi 1768 roAj bi saTpyAHHrejiBHoe nojioseHie, hhoeojbso 
HB ctIchhhcb, npeAioasEia obeh'b fiiiBniflM'B npeACTaBErejEEifB Bu6paTB 
nvb BHOBB, eojTE CHE o6flsyTCfl ynjiaTHTB AOJirB ropoAa bi 5670 $. 
^T. ^ijio nojiy^fljio rpoMRyi) orjiaoRy, 6uBime Aonyram noAaJiE sa- 
jio6y wb najraiy, Mepa e 10 OJiBAepMeHOB'B npenpoBOAHJE TopseciBeHHO 
Bi HBioreTORyx) TDpBMy. Ho HBSnpaTejiefi, t. e. ysHEEOB'By HflMajio 
He cMyTEjra EaseHHUfl EauepKr: c'BHeMeHBmeK)peBHOCTBi), ^iiTBHHaoBo- 
•6oAt, npoAOJisaiH ohh neperoBopfii o npoAasi n npoAajil Hicxa bi* 
naiaTi repi^ory Maj[B6opo h rpa^y AfiEHTAOHy. Sarfani jiobsoctb e 
npoBppciBO npeAcraBErejieft ropoAa OKc^opAa B086yAflJ[H ne Majio my- 
TOEi H cMixa, E HaKonei^, 6ujle npoAaHu saSBeHiio '^**). BoBpeMH 
BiifiopOBi Bi Poojiee hbejiocb ips saEAEAaia: oaesi ofiin^'B 
THCEHy $. APyrofi — !*/» t., TpeiiB — 750 *****). 

3jio ycEJiEBaiocB enie e noTOMy, qio e c^otb roJocoBi), e no- 
Aa^a Exi, paBHo Kas'b cocTaBienie E36HpaTejiBH£[X'B cnEOKOBi e bce 
spoi^eAypa Bii6opoB'B ne 6ujiifl onpeAtiBEH ebkemi ifl6o cTaxyTOM'B; 

•OEE MOrJIfl TflHyTBCfl, BCllACTBle TOFO, TO H^CKOJEBKO AHOfl, TO 2 — 3 

HeA^jra, TO n/^iufi ]rbGfli^i> e 6ojE[ie, to A&se noJiroAa. Bo BpeMfl 
BueopoBi* 1761 r.» Hanp., BH6op2i b^b YdCTMEHCTepi TEHyjiEOB no^E 
nojiroAa: mecTB EeAiJiB ynuo sa nposipKy HBdEpaTejiBHHX'B npaBi, — 
mecTB MicfliteBi Ha'npoi^eAypy fiHdopoB'B ******). a bto osHa^Kuio co6oid 
nocTOEHHoe onaEBaEie^ nocroflSHiifl ynjiaTu, cOBepmesEO saK'B na 
Topraxi. BorB no^eMy, MesAy npo^fliTB, Tasi cejibho BOspocTaiE e 
pacxoABE no H36pasiJK). B% 1807 r., secMOTpn sa E3Aasie aasosa, 



*) Wilberforce I, 16. 
♦♦) Hansard XXXV, 92. 
*•♦) Walpole, Memoirs I, 42. 
•♦*♦> E. Mif I. 232-3. 
♦**♦*) lb. 233. 
^* ***♦*) Annual Register. 1794—6, 174 h ca. Cm. E. May, I, 24. 



74 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

orpaHHqHBmaro cpoRii npoBipsH nojiHOHO^ift 15 ahakh, a noAa^if 
rojioGOB'B — 30 jijuiKW, ji[opAi> Mhjibtohx h JIaccejiir, 6opofiniiecfl Bifbcrb^ 
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30 THC- $. CTepjr., a Jiop^t CireHcepi 3a Toxe npejiciaBHTejiBCTBa 
sanjaTHJUt Kpyrjijio cyuMy wb 70 thc. $. ciepji. **). 

BiifiopH npeBpaTHJHCb bi* Haoxoaiuyi) 6iipaeByH) nrpy. CosAajfca 
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juij&b. Bo3HBRi owb noj^'b ^^flpsioiif <6jiaroTBopHTejiBHiJX'B> u^bjiei, 
OTHxyjiOBajsH ero fxpHCxiaHCKiiM'L Rjiy6oMi>, ho Ha A'^Jii 8a;(yMaH'B 

6hlJl'b B-b BH^aX^ H36HpaTeJIIBH0-$HBaHC0BUXl CAtjOlOK'B, B'B BU^aX'B 

co6HpaHifl jienerB h Rani^QAaTOBi n pa3AtJia npi6£ii[efi Me»Ay ^Ji6- 
HanH. Bet iJieHH KJiy6a ;^aBaJiH npH BCTyMeniH b^ KJiy6'B Topaecx- 
BeHHyio KJflTBy ne ofiiiaHHBaTB flpyn jipyra, ne yxaHBaTB nojyiea- 
HHx^ jtenerL h <6paTCKH>, «no xpHCTiaHCKH» pas^tJiaTB noayneHHHH 
cyMMii Mea^V bc^hh nacHBiMH (nit KOJinqecTBi 81) no OKOHRanlH 
BBi6opoBT>. To ae hjhh iioith to ae iipoHcxpAUiio h b^ TeHj^oHi, h 
IIIe<|)Tepc6epH, h Bt KpHKJuaA* h t. ;^. B^ 1782 r. 83 HafinpaTejiii 
lisi 240 6ujih o6BHHeHu B'B nojiyqenin AeHerb, ho HaniJiH ropfl^Hxi> 
ji peBHOCTHHXi, samiiTHHKOBi B'B iTHi^* JiopAa MaHC^HJiBjia H jnop^a- 
KaHn;jiepa TgpjiOBa ***). 

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samHTHnRaMii ndfiflpaTejiBHUx'B MaHeBpoBT>, Ror^a B&kM.% ne tojibro 
fiujio xopofflo HSBicTHo cymecTBo no;^Ryna, ho noqiH bc4, b^ Toft 
HJiH BHcfi cxeneHH, yqacTBOBaJiH bi> ^ijvk noRynRH H36npaTej[e&, Ror^a 
;iaae RopojuB TeoprB III HHcajTB HopTy: «ecjiH repi;orB HopTyM6ep- 
jiaH^^CRifi 6y;^eT^> nya^aTBCH bt> aicROJiBRHX^ ^yHTaxi* CTepaBHroB'B. 
Ajth BBLfiopoB'B, HeoSxoAHMo BL^aTB HXT> oBiy, h6o 6hiR0 6b[ HecnpaB6;i;j!HB0 

0TRa3aTB B'B BBXlit. 

BeaoGpaaia Bii6opHot cncTeMU mofjih 6u 6utb.h'6croj!Ibro ocj^C- 
.leHu hjih cMHrqeHU ROHxpbJieM'B casioii najiaxu na^'B BufiopanH. Bi> 
xeopiH orB najiaTij 3aBHc*jn> nepecMOTp^ nojiHOiionift, ho na ;^tJl•fc 
nepecuoTp'B Hirki'B h korB HMixB m^cto tojibro B'B ciy^a'b noAa^if 
aajioCu Ha HenpaBHJBHocxa bh6opob'b hih juaHHaro BuCopa. ^a. 
BAo6aBOR'B^ aajio6H bth pascMaTpHBajincB He caHofi najiaTod, a ocoSort 
ROMMHCciefi HSX) qjienoB'B TaSnaro coBtxa h BBiAaDH^HXoH dphctob-b. 
Ho ycTanoRJieHie romhccIh ho tojibro ne yiieHBrnaJio 3Jia, a yoHiH- 
Bajio ero: codAasaiacB B'B jivlh^ romhccIh juhdib HOBaa apeaa HHTpHrK 
u noARynoB'B. BiiiflHie h sna^enie romhccIh, djiaroj^apa dtoMy, cbo- 
AHJuocB R'B HyjiK), H no;i;RynBi HsfinpaTeaiefi pa3BHBaiHCB Bce 6os.te n 
Cojiie. Bufiopii 1761 ro^a o6HapyaHj[H 8to cb aonHiiiH'B 6jireoROMi. 



*) Wilberforce, m, 330 h ca. 
*♦) E. May, I, 233. 
**♦) xMay, I,. 233-4. 



BOPbBA 3A H3BHPATEJIBHyiO PE^OPMV. 75 

Hfl pasy AO Toro sjiOTnoTpetSjieHifl ho AOOTHnuH xaKHXi rpoMa^HUX-b 
pasifipoBi. ^^Boyb h qaoTHHfl jiHi^a, nncarB BajiBnojiB *) samjor 
TaRi> ^aJieRO, saKi he pasy eme ne sazoAHjiE ohh b'b npesHee speMfl* 
IIoAKynHocTB HsfiHpaTejreft cpasHfljiacB (tb noAEynHocTBD Kafl[AH;iaTOB'B, 
Aaace npeBSonuia 6e>. CeiiB lArb cnycrfl, Ha BuCopax'B 1768 vojifi^ 
noj^nynBi h 3J[oynoTpe6jieHifl nojry^HJsn TaKOE xapaKTepi>, ^to tocKop- 
6BJE HpaBCTBeHHoe ^yBCTBO A^se Toft 8aoxE> (E. May). Ho, naK'B 

HE fiurjIE OHE BOJIflKE, — A06ETBGfl RaREX'B JLr6o ll[ipi>, HanpaBJI6HH£IX'B 

Kh HTb oojia6j[eHiK), ORasajiocB HeBOBMo»HHH'B BT» napjiaHeHTt, ssa^s- 
leiCBHafl ^acTB qieHOBi» Roioparo ofiflsaHK 6ujie gboeee MicTanH 
jb6o BJiiflBiH) H noRynRi, jteBo uoARyny. IIocaseHHue Vb HBDrerB 
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Toro, EaRi OHE ynyApHJiHCb npo^aTb oboe rojoca, a 6ejmb, npe;?jiio- 
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HKWb mieioMT> najiaTfii TopxecTBeHHod rjhetbhi, ?to oht> he bi> Ma- 
liSniet cien^HH ne npaqacTeHt rt* noARynaMii, coBepffleHHo ^hctb 

OT^ HHXl — 6hJI^ OTBepHyTB **). HpaBW, B'B 1770 r. rpeHBHjiio 

y^ajiocB npoBecTE 6emb, ESMtHflBinifi npoi^eAypy nepecMorpa aa- 
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njieHOBTk naiaTH ocofiaa naparaireHTCRafl ROUEcoia, cocroEBinaE ss'b 
49 ^eEOBi), HsSpasBBncB najiaxoS. KaSAofi h3'b napTifi aapjiaMesTa 
npeAOCTaBJTHjiocB npaso, b'b cjiy^ai no^a^E saj[06H Ha BBi6opii s 
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bejibhu, ecjiE TOJiBRO OHE 6hi]iE EOJieBHBi napTiE, E RaccHpoBaTB TaRie, 
ROTopue 611JIE HeBHroAHu efi e ycEJEEBaJE BpasAefinyH) napxiH). B'B 

HOBOMTk ROMHTOTb O^Ha E3X napxiH Heo6xOAEMO AOJISHa fiBZJia Elfi^TB 

nepeB'bc'B, no OAsoft saj[o6:b nepeBlcB Mort» 6utb Hd CTopo^i 
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paBEHMi o6pa3oiii» 3aEHxep6C0BaHH0tt Bx yxBepsA^HiE Biifiopa. Ho 
B'B oCoEXii ojy^aflX'B napT^fiHHe EHxepecH 6paiH sepxi* naAi) nocxano- 
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noARynoB'B, s OECxeita e nocjii rpoHBEJieBCRaro 6nJLsa ocxaBajnacB eo 
xponyxolt. H ^xo axo xaRi, echo beaho ho xojtbro ss'b pflAa ^aRXOBi o 



•) Walpole, Mem., I, 42. 
♦*) E. May, I, 235. 
*♦*; Walpole, H. of England, I, 146. 



76 P7CCK0E BOrATGTBO. 

noARyni, ho h hsi pirA& CuJieft, npeAiaraemExofl ueHaMH nauiu 
K FB 1782, H Bi 1783 r., n Bi 1809 r., 6Huefi, HanpaBieHHiixii 
npoTHBi noAsynoB'L. GaMfiijrb yAa^HiurB osasaioa 6Eixb 1809 r. 
npeAxoseHEHfl Curwen'oirB. naiaiH npHHam ero, xoth ohi sauK)- 
iian Bi oe6i h pa^^ HaKasaHift sa uoynoTpefijiemH, h yrposy jmme- 
sifl iri^ora jiflR odBHHOHHaro vb noxKyni *), a noARynu npoj^oisaji 
npoi^BiTaib, Kasi h paHBme, jis> cairoft pe^opioi 1832 r. 

TaROBH 61UH Bfii6opHue nopsAKH, TaROsa 6iua n36jipaTeJDbHafl 
oHCTOMa Bi AnrjiiH. Bi cymHooTH ohh A^Ban rpoHaAiufl npaBa, 
npeAooiaBJum rpoMaAHoe BJOflme rjaBHuicii ofipasoirb HHropecairk 
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BOTOH KpynHNiTB seiueBjiaAiHieiTB. QlBupiiTb laKi A^HBraMH aui hs- 
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vb ynpaBJieHie h HSAasie saKOHOBii, BsroAHoe ji,m HHxepecoBB 
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CXBO HMB AOlSHil 6USE JIC^B Bl» OOHOBaHie 60Xbmet ^OXH SaSOHOBB, 

HSAaBaeiiux'B napjaMenxoHB. IIoiHXHqecKafl BJiacxB vb Aht^uh XYm 
H HanaJia XIX b. 6£ij[a BiacxBD cociobhok), xo^Hle — rpynnoBOH, 
spysKOBOi. 



n. 

noJiHaji H caicafl mHpoKafl boshoxhocxb, ob oaho£ cxopoHu, ah?- 
lEaro o6orameH]H Bcix'B h EasA^ro hsi menowb Dxoi rpyniiH, sxoro 
xpysKa, CHJEBHaro nojiHXH^ecKH h AepxaBmaro vb cbohxti pynaxi 
BiaoxB H BJOBHie Bi'Cxpani, a ob APyi^ft) cosAanie oneipaiiiHiixib aa- 
KOHOBi, HanpaBJueHHHXB KasB Ki oxpani yse*Ao6uTaro 6oraxoxBa, 
xaKi> H K^ jBetmems) ero, — boxb b'b hoitb HoriH CRasaxBOH h oRa- 
saiHCB cjiiACXBifl cyn^eoxBOBaBoieft b'b Ahtjuh XYm b. nonxH^ecRofi 
CHCXeMU, efl Bs6opHiix% nopHAROBB. 

Kxo ycntBajTB bb nojinxH^ecRoit RapBept, H]r&ii> boshoxhocxb 
CHAixB B'B naiaxi^ h oco66hho HrpaxB vb neft poiB, mofb jierRo h 
668% saxpyAHenift o6e3ne?HBaxB cefia h oboo hoxomcxbo. H 8x0 — ho- 
nyxevB noARynoB-B, npaRXHROBaBniHxoH bi BecBva RpynHiixi pasMi' 



*) May I, 237 Annual Register, 1809 r. 



fiOPBBi. 8A EdBHPATKJEBSyH) PE«OPHy. 77 

paxi wb XYUI ^. *), HO Ha ;^tjii HrpaBmHX'B b'l nponcecci $opMa- 
^ia 6oraTaro Kpyssa jhieb caMjK) HH^ToxHyji) pojiB, a nyreiTB 
npaMoro BjnHHifl Ha HasHa^enifl, nicra, ^HHaHooBUH onepai^iH h t. n.» 
BJOHHiH, OTKpsiBaBmaro caHiin mHpoRifl nepcneETEBH. noTrn bhxotb 
J^o caMofi pe^opvH 1832 ro^a, ffa eme AOJiroe BpetfH h nocjit tofo, 
npaKTHRa codAaBaia 6e8K0He^Hufl pa^'B oifQffprwb jifis ycHieHHara 
o6oran(eHifl noJoiTH^ecKHX'B A^ieieft. JEopAx rpeHBHjn^ pfljonewb 6wn> 
nosHHyrB ifHHHorepcTBo Vb 1801 r., h vb toitb se tojsj ero 
sena, no ero nacTOHHix), noiy^Jia eseroAnyi) noHciK) b% 1500 $. 
GT. CaiTB se OFB coxpaHHn sa co6ofi coAepsaHie bi 4 tuc. iff. gt., 
KaKi ^eHi Kasna^efioTBa, a dparb ero— 2 t. $. crepji., KaK% mewb 
cyAA '^)* n Tasi fiiuo ob sasAHiii hobhhi* HHHHorepoTBOini, Ras- 
xmrB HOB£iin» KEHHcrpoicii. He ycn'6n B'b 1801 se ro^y JiopAi IlbpT- 
j[9HAi» sairfcoTHTB rpeHBHifl, EaKi Ha poAH^efi ero nocunajiofl pfl^i 
($jiaroA&iHift. JIopA^ BeHTHHSi oTajTB nojiy^axb 1131 ^i cxepji. sa 
Micro Vb Kasna^eficTBi h 2511 $. gt. bi Ka^eciBi zcnoJEHflDn^aro 
o6fl8aHHQCTH HonoBHHKa o^Horo ryoapcRaro nojoa. Shtb IIopTiaHAa 
CA&raH'b 6fiJCb oAHOBpeMeHHO h aRi^HSHHirb KonrpoJiepoM'B cb 600 $. 
crepjl. coAepsanifl, h qjieHovB ynpaBieHifl ocrpoBoiTB To6aro ci 
saiOBaHLeiTB b'b 350 $. ex., z sanHraHOiTB Ropa6j[fl Bi* TpHnn^a;^ 
CTb njiaiofi B^b 572 $. cTepi. esero^HO, a BHyRi ero nonaji'B bi 
^EGio ^HHOBHHROB'B rocyAapcTBOHHaro GOB^Ta Ha AByx'BTBCCHnHoe 
GOAepsame h coBiia ynpaBJienifl JiMafiRofi. 3to nociiAHee MtcTO 
AOGTaBJiuo evy jip 3 thc. 0. orepji., a Mosxy tiwb hh oahopo pasa, 
sa Bce Bpeica ojiysGu, owb ne sarunyarB A^se bx ynpaBifleicsift hitb 
oorpoB-b, A& BpflA^ IE msiji'b o newb crojibro HH6yAB flCHoe npeA- 
GraBieme. SHaiieHHTufi hehhctpb BHyTpenHRX'B a^ib bi iraHHorep- 
GTBi JlHBepnyjifl, jropA'B Sidmouth, CByirtrB ne tojitbro o6e3ne^HTB ce6H, 
HO H CTapmaro CBoero cuHa, ROTopouy owb BinuEonoTarB Micro RJiepRa 
RasnaneflcTBa clerk of pells (o6a8aHHaro saHOCHTB bi peeorpBi nocTy* 
nammie niaTesH), cb coAepsameMB vb 3 thg. 0. crepi. He saOturB 
Ge6fl H rjiaBa ROHcepBaTHBHaro RadHHexa BpeMCHi era AHefi h b^h- 
CRaro ROHrpecca, jiopa:b JEHsepnyjiB, saHHBmift Micro JiopAa ry6epHa- 
Topa HflTH noproBi cb saioBanBevB bi 3 tug. $. crepjEHHroBB. EL 
He OAHH MHHHcrpii HJHH 6BiBniie MBHHCTpH Ai^CTBOBaiH TaRHMib o6pa- 
soMi, nojiBsyflCB cbohmi nojioscHieMi h BJniHHieMi. '^enu cyAe5Haro 

GOCJIOBifl He TOZBRO HIJIH pHAOMl CB MHHHCTpaMH, HO HOptARO H HpO- 

BOCXOAHJIH HX'B. Cbihobbh HSBtcTHaro HaM'B JiopAA Eldou'a, STOro 6op- 
i^^ sa BOJiH^e cyn^ecTBOBaBniHX'B bi Anrjnn nopflAROB'B, xopomo 
ycTpoHjracB no cyAe6H0My BiAOMciBy h nojiy^ajiH — oahh^ sajiOBaHBe 
B-B 2 THC, a APyrofl— BX 1200 $. eseroAHO, a waBEHfi oyABa cyAa 
RopoJieBCRofi GRaMBH (Eing's Bench), ho Menie HSBioTHufi ^wb 
Eldon AiorejEB na^ajra XIX b., jiopA'B ElIenboroagh> noMioiHJTB Ha 



*) Cm. AAHHHfl o&b BTHz% nojfjLyn&xi, y E. May, I, 258 h ci. 
*♦) Walpole, H. of England, I, 147 h ca. 



78 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

BHAHoe Micro BT> Toifb 7KB cjAt CBoero crapmaro ofiiHa h o6e3ne?HJn> 
;3a HHiTb nojjHenie 10 thc. ^. cTepji. eseroAHO. En^e xapasTepHte 
;^TeJU>HocTB no aiod ^acxH 6uBmaro KaHii;jiepa, Jiop^a Thurlow'a, 
BHyKi ROToparo h nflTBAeoflTi. livh nocii 6htbu npn BaTopjioo no- 
jiy^ajTB, noAo6HO cbohitb npe^^Eani, no 11 tbic. $. ct. emeroAHo, 
KaE-b ^hhobshk'b no A^am o fianRpoTCTBax-b h saKi* Kiepsi no cy- 
Ae6H£iH7> cOopani h nomjiEHaifb. 

H TaRoro po^a ^brtobi — A^sHHafl h HenpepuBHaa cepia b^ 
XH3HH AHFJuiE H XYIII, H Haqaja XIX ct. Maio loro^ ^to yse cy- 
niecTBOBaBmiH aojisbocth sairbn^aiHCB b'b CHJiy BJdamft, npoioRi^ft h 
T. n., — co3;iaBaicfl en^e i^iraS pfl^x hobux'b AOJisHOcrefi^ ho- 
HysHHX'B H 6e3noj[e3Hfiixi. B'B Rasna^eScTBt cyn^ecTBOsaia i^tjafl 
Hacca c^eT^QROB'b cb sajtoBaHBOMB no 2 t. $. CTepji. JUAmj^uia, 

H ^HHaHCHCTl^ He MOFJIB 06'BflCHHTB, AJUt RaROfi HaA06H0CTB OHH, 

8TH c^eTHHRH, cosAaHU. Bi cy^i aAMHpajLTeficTBa HsoOpiTena fiBua 
OesnojuesHan aojishoctb peracTpaTopa, h perncTpaTopoMB 6ujrb na- 
BHa^eni AopAB ApjifiWb cb njiarott bb 10 tuc. $. cxepi. CRpoif- 
Hie 6B[Jia ;ioji»HOCTB rjiaBHaro RJiepRa bb najiaTi o6n^HHB: eHy njiaiEJiH 
Bcero 2 t. (jf. ct., ho HarpaAHUH bb mecTB pasB npeBocxoAHJun cbo- 
EMB eseroj^HHX'B pasMtpouB BTO ero xaiOBaHBe. H noBCio;^ no^TH na 

TaEHXB MtCiaXB CHA'bJD[E, EJIE, TOHflte, TETyJIOBaJIHCB CHAEn^EMH J[Op- 

pi. repi^oFB Fpe^TOHB c^HTajscfl "ZEHOBHHROMB cy^a ROpOJieSCROfi 
<$RaBfBfl E o6n^EXB A^AB (common pleas), pfiJiTRBWb 6ujib EEofiBi npn- 
RJiaAUBaxB neqaTE, 3a ?to nojiyqaiB, csepxB np^iiEXB coAepacaHifi, 
2,800 $. .cTepji. JlopAB MeJUBBEjLB 3a TaRifl se ofiasaHHOCTE bb IIIot- 
JiaHAiE — TaKyK) se cyMuy. H bto ho toubro o^he JopAU, ho h exb 
seHBT, baobu e t. A- Bb 1830 ro^y bb ^ECJii cocioan^EXB Ha c;Q[ys6t 
BHaHEJECB: rpa^EHfl MaHc^EJBjiB, ROTopaa sa ocTpoBB BapCa^ocB 
noji[yqajBa THcaqy $. ciepji.; BAOBCTByromaa repn;orEHfl ManqeoTep- 
ORaa, ROTOpo£ BHAaBaiE 2928 $, ct., bb Ra^ecTBi c6opniEEa xaMo- 
sReHHUXB nomJiEEB. OAHa 6apoHecca sna^EJiacB bb ^eojA no^Md- 

TajBBniHROBB OAHOFO H3B JIOHAOHCREXB napROBB CB npAJTE^HHlfB CO^Op- 

acameHB, Apyraa, npooTO idAE, c^ETaiacB rjiaBHUiiB cyAe5HHMB npn- 

€TaBOMB BB CyAt RaSHaqefiCTBa E T. a* *) Bb ^lECJli qESOBHEKOBB OAHoro 

B^AOMCTBa JnopAB KoJiB^eoTepB ' nameaB: sReHmHsy, RaxcjiERa, cyHa- 
meAmaro e, HaEOHen,B, peSessa **). Bee bto, oneBEAHo, 6£jj[e ceho- 
Rypu, ROTopuME o663ne?EBaj[ocB jDfl6o noj[03RA6Hie ^esoBB rpynau, 
ji[e6o BJiiHHie RpynnuxB nojiETEqecEEXB A'^^TOiefi r])ynnH na xoab 
AtiiB bi> CTpani. yoiBnojB pa3CEa3£iBaeTB o6b oahoitb e3b mese- 
OTpoBB Feopra IH, EaRB TOMy xoTiJocB nposecTE bb erepMefioTcpH 
€eHB-J(aceHCEaro napsa h FafiA'i^-napRa CBoero nJieuflHBHEa, jiopAa 
OEC$opAa. «Ecjd[h obb noiy^BrB bto MtcTo, nncajiB mhbbctpb, to y 
ueBfl He 6yAeTB 6oji4e coMBiHiii bb tomt>, ^to h ohb, h ero Apyn,, 



*) Black Book 1830, ahthp. y Walpole, H. of. England, I, 149. 
**) Colchester, Diary, I, 143, Hht. ib. 



BOPbBA 3A H3BnPATBJIKHyH) PE*OPMy. 79 

Jiop^-b ByHi, OKaayTi» HaM^ caMjK) A-feaiejiBHyH) noMepaKy> *). H 

TO 6UA'b OAHH'B H31> CHJOLHtfimsIXl MOTHBOBli E^b paSAa^i HtCTX, RaK^ 

opyAifl oxpaHU HHiepecoB'B seMjieBidA^Hifl bii crpaHl, mothbobx, go- 
xpaHHBmEZCfl noqiH bi nojotHoS cHJsi h bi Hawaii XIX b. 
Ho saHHTie nicrb bi> cyAi, aAifHHHCTpaii,iH, BO&cKi n t. a- ho 

<}KIJ[0 eAHHCTBeHHUH'B H HCEJID^TeibHnMl) CpeACTBOM'B MaTepiajuBHapo 

o663ne?eHifl npaBamaro RJiaoca. cllepu KopojDteBCTBa aosy^un^ vo- 
BopHTi OAHHi aHFJiigcKiH HCTopHRi>, Tasyi) Maccy MHj[[ocTefi, HarpaAi) 
H npoq., KOTopaa npeBOcxoAHTT* BcaKoe Btpoaiie* (Walpole). Ha 
HHXi CHuajiBCB neHcie, AeHexHua BUAaiH KpynHux'b pasntpoBi, 
oMi H HXi npHCHUiTb pasAasajiH nicTa, h hxt> fioparcTBO pocAO cl 
Kaxjijiiu'h HOBBUfB AocHTHJiiTieH'B. «BojiiLmaa nacTB nepoBX, nncaia 
KopojieBa KapoJiHHa Teopry lY, b% 1820 p., coAopsaTca caiia, co- 
Aepsarb a cboh ceMLH ci> notfoniLK) MtcrB, neacifi a nappaAi), bei- 
AaBaeMuxT) KopojireH'by. Okojio V& nepOBi saxoAHJiocB b^l tsuom'l no- 
jioKeBia **). ^Bojiie hojiobhhbi xeneperaaeft najaTH jiopAOBx, nacaji'b 
yaJBfiep^opci. B-B 1811 roAy ***), Chio co3Aaao C7> 1780 rOAa, cb 
Toro POAa, bi KOTopua a BCTynajH) BnepBue bi> napAaMeaT'B>. H to 
ae 6uiH j[Ei];a, aoxopua BUABaayjiacB 621 BnepeAt> oBoaaa Taiaa- 
Tana, saaaiaMa, rocyAapcTBoaaHMa cnoco6aoctaMa a t. n. To 6ujih 
npeaiiya^eoTBeaaci HJiOBBi ppynnu cojiLCEax'B seMJueBJiiaAluEBi^eBi*, cojib- 
<;Karo Aaceaipa, a3BicTBHe cbohm-b BJiiaHieML bt* oapyraxT*, PAt oan 
TRBJivi, o6jiaAaBmie pojiocaaa a pacaojaraBmie BB[6opaHHa MtcT6«iRaMa 
a T. n. Bi axil pojiocaxi, axx BJtiaaia acRajia noAAopacsa, a sa STy 
noAAopacRy, ecTeciBeaao, njiaTajza npeAocTaBieaieiii Biiaaia b^ 
i^ya^ecTBsaaBix'B js^ss. seMJieBiaAtJorbi^a BO^poGax^, aoapocaxi* eaoao- 
ME^ecaaro saRoaoAaTejiBCTBa. 

IXpa TaROM'L nopaARt Beni;e& Boi padAaBaamiaca Micia, neacia, * 
aarpaAu aajiajiacB ae 6oji'be, Ea.Kb npociuva caaeRypaHa; axi* cos- 
^(aBajia cb utjiBiD a^tb bosuohceoctb nojiBsoBaTt^oa aasaoSr a ji,m ^e- 
B0Bi> ppyanu, a A^a nn'h ceiieii a npaBopxeai^eB'B, Apypana ciOBaMa, 
coA^ficTBOBaxB yapo^eaiBO ax^b nojKOseaia a ajiiaaia. IIoaaTHO, ^to 
cyMHu, yojia^aBaeMua ai bba^ xajnoaaaBa, neacifi a x. n., pacxoAO- 
* BaiBCB ae bi cajiy aoTpe6aocxa, a aaRii njnaxa, upa qeu'L aaJiajocB 
coBepmeaao despasjiaqauii'B, acnojiBaJiBCB ajia ej^tb ofiasaaaocxa, csa- 
saaaua ci j^tiEUuvii Htoaaa, A&HBHiin> nojoaceaieai; cl APypofi cxo- 
poBH, — a 9X0 Bnojrat ecxecTaeaao, — pi^B npa pasAaqi Micxi a 
npoq. mjia ae saciiypaxii, a oC-b yaeoqeaia a paomapeaia ppyaau, 
ycajieaia CBasaaaaro cb aefi BJiiflHia. BtAaaRx, RaaaHa on xajiaa- 
xaiia OBI aa ofijiaAaJi'B, — pas'B y aepo ae 6hjio BJiiaaia, cBasea, — bo 
JivckjLTa aaaaRaxi maaooBii BBiABaayxBoa aa nosaxaqecROM'B nonpaa^'B. 
noqecxa, aappaA^i, aicxa, noiaxaqecRafl aapBepa 6uj[b oxrpbtth ae 
AM aero, a AJia y«o a fiesi xoro o6eBneqeaaapo, 6oraTaro Raacca, 



*) E. May, I, 256. 
♦*) Walpole, 1, 150. 
***) Wilberforce, 111, 531. 



80 PyCCEOE BOrATCTBO. 

uacca, saxBaTHBinaro b'b cboh pysH npeotiiaAamn^ee, xosho cRa- 
3aTB, HCKjno^qarrejiLHoe BJdflHie Ha A'bi^a. BoraTOTBo flBiuocB eAEHCTBen- 
man, opeACTBOMi BJdflHifl, n toxmlo oho o;[ho ^locraBJiflio oiipeA:&j[eH- 
Hoe HOJioseHie, oraBHio Ha HSBicTByi) cryneHB, HSBioTuift pann. 
A pas'B yxaBaiocB AOciHTHyTB aroro panra, — OTEpsiBaiHCB mnpoKut 
ABopE Kb AoisflOCTim, no'ieoTflirB h t. n. Kasoro po^a 6iuh bth 
AOJDBHOCTH, — c^nraiocB 6e3pa3J[HqHHMi. He o^EraiooB yHH8HTejn»H£iMi 
6tiTB UH, TO^Hte, o^HxaTBCfl noAneTaiBn^HEoiTB napsa, npocTHH'B 
HHci^oirB H T. A-9 P&s'B CB AOJiSHOOTBD coesHHeHO 6ujL0 npsisqEoe 
BOBHarpaJBffeEie. H aoishogth bth h sRaiOBaHBH, cBflsaHHOfl oi hhme, 

BH^aBaiEOB TilTB, ETO HO HOJIOSeHiK), paHry, pOSA^HlS) CUTaiCfl HaH- 

6ojrke uoj^xowwan. PaHTB, posA^Hie, 6oraTCTBO 6£uh npoxojpEiicH 

OBHAi^TeJIBCTBaiCH H K'b COSfbQ BUCOSHM'B AOASHOCTHITB. A BCO 8T0 Hpi- 

o6pi^TaiooB nyreiTB noJivrHqecsaro BjdHHifl, CBflaaHHaro caimirB Tbo- 
HHiTB E HepaapuBsuiTB oSpasoiTB OB npaBoifB oo6cTBeHHOCTH Ha irb- 
cTeqKH Mn Cb BJiiflEieui na AftHEHft Bu6opHuil[ ospyrB. O6pa80BU- 
Bajicfl i^^joift engrenage oTHomenift, BsaHKHoft cbabh Meavi;y panroMi 
H BJOAHieifB Ha Bu6opii, BiiiiHieH'B Ha BuGopu H panroiTB, nojiose- 
HieiTB, ^orarcTBOifB, h OTcm^a h nojiy^aiacB vb peayiBTarb ynopnafl 
san^Hia oyn^ecTByDn^aro, B03BOAHxaro b'b HHOTnryTB, ooBsn^eHEfiift 8a- 
EOHoiTB H Teopiei, npoBOsrjiamaeMaro Bej[H^LafiinHii2» oGpasAOirB ^ejro- 
BiqeoBofi MyApOCTH. 

BiiflHie 6KUI0, TaEHMi o6pa8oirB, o6e8n6?eHO b'b c$epi nojiHTE- 

^eCEHX'B H aSOHOMHqeCEHXB HHTOpeCOB'B. Ho OHO He OrpaHH^BaJIOCB 

HMH OAHHMH. K'B GJiyaseHUD ToS SO i^H 6iua npHBj[[eiieHa h i^ep- 
EOBB, npeACTaBJ[flBmaA Ao6aBOHHoe cpoACTBo jpa noHin^eHia j[h6o 
, vjiaAmHX'B qjienoBi* ceKBH, a^sl EOTopaxi saEpsrs 6wle ABepH no- 
jiHTHqecEaro Bjoanifl oi» homohibh) seicjieBJiaAiHiH, m6o 6jih8ehx'b e 
BipHux'B juii^'B H npHBepseHi^eB'B. BoraTCTBO h BJdflHie i^epEBE npH- 
coeAHHflJiooB El 6oraTCTBy h BiiflmD spyoHaro BOHeiBHaro EJiaoca e 
ynpo^HBajio h ycHJiHBaio pasiii^pii snaneHifl h chih vb crpaHi aroro 
nocjiiAHHTo sjiacca. H ao 1832 r., saEi h ropasAO paHBUxe, cynpe- 
naTiH i^epEBE Bi AnrjiiH Gtua nojiHaa, h laEse, sasi e wb XV h 
nooj['&AyH)mHX'B Bi^saxi, rxy6oEaa npoiiacTB jieacaia Mea^y BucmHicfl 
E HHsmEMH npeAcraBETejuiME i^epEBE, enflCEonaicH h ceiTBCRHifE npn- 
xoAOEEHE cBflmeEHHEaMH. Bci 6eHe$H^iH, rj[aBH£[t peccypci i^epEBE, 
nonaAaJH B'B pyEs 6oraTEix'B ahi^, bb bea^ tasoft se cEHesypK, 
Eas'B H AOiECHOCTB riaBHaTo cyAeSnaro npHoraBa bb cyAi^ sasHa^efi- 
OTBa HIE c6opn^flsa TaiioseHHHX'B nomiESi. Oeoio a^chte cb noio- 

BEHOft THCATB TaEHX'B 6eHe$HIi;ifi HaOqETfilBaiOCB BB AeTJOS B'B Ha- 

^ajrb XIX b., — h, BonpoEE sasony hie, Towbe, n^oi hx'b oepin, 
mnfik, nojBiy^aBmia fiene^Hi^E, se HCiiojisEJni cBflsaHHUXi o'b hehe 
oGasaHHOcreft, ne xhjie B'b irbcrax'B oiysenifl. Bi 1809 r. TaEEX'B 
BJiaAitti^eB'B 6eHe$Hiufi Ohao 7358, B'B 1810—5840, B'B 1811—6311 *)* 



*) Black Book, 36, i^ht. y Walpolo, I, 171. 



BOPBBl 3A HdBHPATIUBHyiD PS«OPHr. 81 

IIpaBAa, saKOHOiTB 1802 roxa 6Bua bhobb noxTBepH^efla odasaTea- 
HOCT& upeSuBaHiii JiHi^a, BiaA^Dntaro 6eHe({»ai^ieft, wh ero 6eHe$H*« 
i(iH, HO Tan's Ran paAOMi npea[OCTaBjieHo 6£uo enHosonaifB Hoorpa* 
ui^eHHoe npaBO paapiinaTb hh ho paapiniaTB AasHOicy jauj npe^H- 
BBBie BB fieHe^fli^H, to bi pesyjiBTaTi noAjHuaoB noBTopaeHOOTB 
eraparo iiBJreHiir, Bcei^iio ofiyciOBjieHHaro ^aETOiiB paa^au feHO^H- 

ipfi 6jiVSKKWb BSE flySHUH'B UI^aiTB. ^ H SaKOft HBTOpeOB SlThiUI 

^HHCKOBH HonoiHflTB BO BceS orporocTH^sasoHu, Korjia 2 ohh oaiu 

HBlflJIHCB jamb npOCTHXH SBeSBflMH BB 06ll](eft I^illH OAHOpOAHUZl IH- 

TepecoBB? no^TH Bci enHCKoncKifl Mlcra bb AsrsiK saiiiiitajHOB u0o 
uaAQiHiin cuHOBBflMH BJuaTOiBHuxB c^xeft' BeiueBiani&KBi^eBB, JUI60 

(SUSEHIIH HUB JIBI^H, HXB fiuBIOHlIH TyiOpaMH H T. n. GlIHOU 

enflCKonOBB, cocTaBJieHHHe bb 1815 roxy ^y^ pEcynTB npe^B flanH 
6jiecTflmyi) xapTHHy. ApxienncKonB KDHiepfiepiftcKift — ^BsyRB repi^ora 
PerjsdHAa, apxienHCKOni iopscKift — okvb jiopAa BepHona, enacsoirB 
yHHqecTepcKift — 6parB Jiop^a Hopra, eioicKonB AopxencKift — oiiin 
4opAa BappHHTTOHa, enHCKooB asoeTepcKifi — ouhb Jiop^a EiwcTepa 
X T. A-9 B T. A- HMeHa repi^orovB h jiopaobb HcnenyuuDTB ciiflcu. 
H xu bhahxb, HanpHxipB, KasB xsBicTHoxy yxe lopjQr Sidmouth'y 
yji^aeTCfl o^i^aTB cBoero batx oiihckoiioxb HopBxia, a oAHoro hb^ 
cbobxb TyropoBB, npoAaHHaro exy neioBiKa, — enxcsonox^B Fepe^pxa, , 
^ Apyroro— enxcKonoxB Kapjuifijui. 

ByRBaJiBHO TO se, ^to npaKTHKyoToa vb ope^i cBiTORoit xiaon, 

BXieTB XiCTO H BB Cpe^t I^epKBH: CBflBH, posAOHie H GoraTCTBO — 

iipoxo;^RUfl OBHA^TeJiBCTBa j^a, saxflTix bucokhxb, npafiiUBHEirB x 
BJriflTeiBHHx^ xicTB. I^opsoBB H 68 npoAOTaBHTejiH— HOBaa* Aotfa- 
• Bo^aaa caia, yBeumBaDn^ui pasxAps Biiaxix sexeiBHUXB a aexie- 
BxaAiiB^ecsaxB aaiepecoBB. 

Bb CTopoay sanuiTH STHXib aaiepecoB^ axx oxpaaii, x 6umm 
HanpaBJiexu Bcb oaiu rpynnH. IIo oaxoxy cyn^eoTBy eaoexy, xo 
xapasTepy oBoero cTpox x OTHomexit, usb ucto sexeiBxaa rpyana, 
oaa X xe xorjia axxarBoa santaTHHi^efi KaKXTB n6o xxhxb xarepe- 

OOBB, npOBOAHHKOXB XXUXB SaKOXOB^ XpOXi TaSKXB, KOTOpSO XO^- 

^epaRHBaiK x ycajuiBaia ee. 

n, xecoxxiaxo, xciopix aarzilcsaro BasoxoAaTeiBOTBa, xase 
xa^ajia XIX b., ootb xcropix xxexxo 6opB6£i aa oxpaay axrepeooB'B 
sexjieBJuaA&vB^eoKoft rpyxiQi. 

Oakhxi H8B K8J[i>6aexaurB aaxarit axniloRaro Asexxpx 6Hia 
oxora, a npaBO npeAaaaTBca el 6iuo pesDxxpoBaxo x ysaKoxexo en^e 
xpa xopxaxcKXXB aopoJuix'B TavB xaauBaexuxx lioxHxx saxoxaxx 
(Forest lawsX Toako sa oakkxx sexxeBiaAiiBi^axx npxsxaxo 6iuo 
xpaBo oxoTU, K BcixB ooTaxBKuxB xarauuTB xe aobbojuuoqb xx 
ciplxaTB, xx npoffkBaTB ffvsh. To 6ujuk ocxoaa saKoxoAaTejooTBa 
oQb oxori, ooxpaaxBinaacx bxjiotb jsfi XIX b., detn xsxixexit b'B 



♦) Walpole, I, 173. 

M 1. Oi»«n I. 



82 pyccKOE BOrATCTBa 

cymeoTBi, He oMOTpa Ha to, tto yse b'b XYIII b., jubohq Tasi» 
jK'i^Tejiii, KaKi Bjskctoh'l, OTEpuro upHSHasaiH jiicHue saKOEHt 
ycrapiiiiiiiH. Ho EaR^ he snaqHTeiLHa 6HJia oxpaHa HHTepecoBi» 
8eMji[eBia;^j[i>ii;eB'B, AOcraBMeHafl cTapuHH saKOiaMH, est o;i[HOfi oKa- 
sajiocB Majso, h nojiHoe TopsecTBo deMjeBJB[a;d^JB?ecKoft rpyniru fb 
CTpan*]^ H Bi» napjiaveHrb noseio h k^ nojrnoft se oxpai^ oxothh- 
nhJiVb HHTepecoBi) seHjeBJiaA^Bqeosaro imacca, e^ co3;i[anH) njtjiaro 
HOBaro saKOHOAaTOJiBCTBa oSik oxoii, 3asoHo;^aT6JiBCTBa, yse nepBHe 
mam EOToparo toti se Bi9kotohi> aaKJiefiuHn TsryjioM'B ^HesasoHo- 
posAOHHaro OTiipBiCEa> jiioaux'B sacoHOBi. Ha^iHaa ci EOHi^a XYII b. 
H BniOTB Ao Ha^aia XIX b., oahhi> sa j!i;pyrHirB HS^aBaucB sasoHU Bib 
BHj^axii ycHJieHHoS oxpaHu HHTepecoB'B AseiTpH, bi BH^axx npespa- 
meviH csas^aro BJia;^TeJifl MBHopa bi» HajieHBEaro HeMBpoAa» (Bjiaso- 
TOHi). GraTyTB Kapjra II npe^^ocraBJETB" npaBO oxoth jibiiib riwh 
seMJBieBiaA^iiaM'B, KOTopue odjiaAajiH 6oiBmHM'B, ^itb^OO $. crepi., 
eseroAHiuTB aoxo;^omi; toibeo TasHM'B jiii^airB npej^ocTaBJOio Ciuo 
aaEOHOMT) HCEjnD^HTeiBvoe upaBO .TepsarB oxothh^hx'b coCasi. 
HoBHfi marB 6KrjrB cj!JkjiB,vb npn Feoprt II: HS^aHi 6ujL'b pfl;n> no-* 
CTaHOBjreHift, EapaBniHxi thsojiuhh nenflMK BoaEaro HapymsreiH 
saEOHa o6'B oxorb, Bcxxaro, noftMannaro hie yiH^eHHaro B'B j^epsaHiH 
7 oe6H oxoTHHqBHX'B oo6arb, ecjiH tojibeo oh'b He 6uzi» semieBJiaitiiB- 
iieiTB CB ycTanoBjeHHiurB craryToifB Kapjia II minimum' oitb Aoxo^a. 
Ho, oqeBHAHO, bc^x'b TaEHXi eiaryroBi < osasaiooB vajio jvm lasot 
oxpaHM npaB'B seMieBjaA^^i^eB'B. Hpa Toft crpaorn si oxorb, sasaa 
i^apHJ^a cpe^H eej[BCEaro as^htph b'b Te^enie XYIII h Ha^ajra XIX b. 
Maiitmee napymenie npaBB oxom, caMoe HH^osioe npoHBJieHie 
6paE0HBepGTBa Bnpocrajo ;^o pasM^poBi THSsaro npecryiueHiH, , ji^b 
HaKa3aHifl EOToparo mrpa^H, ycTanoBJiLeHHHe eraTyraMH, npeACTaBiH- 

JTBCB He A'^iOTBHTOJIBHUHH, SO AOCTiraDH^HMH I^tlH. SaSOffB 1816 F., 

npTTHHTsS 6e3'B MajEitmHX'B Bospasenifi bb najaTax'B, yAOBjerBopHjrs 
Tpe6oBaHU[irB xacenrpH. CeMHiiTHefi cciust Ho^^seprajioGB, B'B CEJiy ho- 
Baro saROHa, BoaEoe ihi^o, ho HMiDn^ee npana oxotbe, ocjih oho OEasEi- 

BaJIOCB HOfiMaHHUlTB HOUD CB OtTBK), pySBOlTB HJItH EaSHHl HH6yAB 

n)yrHiii oxoTHHqBHiTB cHapajjoiTB *)- H 8T0 He eBupB TOJBEO $op- 
HajiBiuft asTB: 3aE0VB npHMtHfljca co book) ohiod, i^ijuift pa;^ 
npoi^ecGOBi 6EijrB B036ysAeH'B hpothb'b ^epnepoBi e ap* ieitb, ecis 

y HEX'B KBXOJXJUai OXOTHE^H OpjAlH, 006aE'B H T. H. H eOIH OHH HO- 

naflajHCB ho%k) **). Hsi. 12805 lEm, ocysAOHHHX'B b-b 1830 r., sa 
pasHiifl npeorymeHiH, Hao^nniBaiocb ffo 1987, boh sHHa EOTopiixi 
saRinqaiaoB b'b HapymeHiH sasoHOFB o^b oxorfc, ESAaHHHrB nap* 

laMeHTOlTB, EOTOpBlfi 6£U'B napJiaMeHTOlTB JIBH^JIOpAOB'B. 

Ho oxoTa H HCEZDUTejiBHoe npaBO Ha nee jiehib oahexi aeiue- 



*) Hansard, XXXV, 339. 

**) Cm. jih)6. npoiieccii TaRoro poxa at Annual Register, 1822 r., ohroniqaA,. 
flRBapb, cTp. 8—9. 



B0PB6A 8A H3BHPAT£J[BHyH) FB^OPMy; 83 

Bja;^ij(Bi^eB^ ErpajTH cpaBHflTeJiBHo BTapocTeneHEjH) poiB b% Bonpooi 
o^iy oxpaHi HHTepecoBi seMejBHaro Kiacca bi> AsrjiiH. TopasAO 6ojLie 
Ba»HNMB HHTopeoaMH flBJuucfl HHTopeGi oxpasM Aoxo^a OTB seiuv, 
OTi> deifxeAtik, h s^tcB to, Ha diofl no^si, flOHte h ap^e Bcero 
OTpaaiiiocB BJiiiiHie sexeiBHaro KJiacoa na saKOHOAaxeiBOTBi orpaHH. 
Xxh6ESLe aasoHH XYII, ooo6eHHo se XYin h Haqaia XIX b., ssbmbt 
iHOB riaBH'&ttinHiiH hb^ Tixi Mtpi, EOTopufl 003AaBaiHCB napiaMeH- 
TOMi jn> BHAaxi oxpaHH HaoymHux'L zarepecoBi AsesTpH h jiopaobi, 
H Bi noTopin vxb pia^e Boero osasEiBaiDTOfl poiB s SHa^eHie as- 
rjofioKaro seiueBJiaAi^ bi coi^iai[BHOtt scTopiH orpaHH, acHte Boero 

npOflBlflDTCH Tb npH^HHSI, KOTOpHfl nOBOIH Kl 6opB6i KiaCCOBB Bl 

Ha^iaiA XIX B., 01 Tpe6oBaHUDiB H36HpaTejnbHoi pe^opmi. 

Xjr66HHe aasoHu, HecoiatHHO, He 6ujie H3o6piTeHu cavHiiH 
sevieBJiaA'&iBi^aHH, h AoJiroe Bpeiui vb AhtjIh, Easi h Ha KORTHHeHTft, 
saiipen^Hie BKBOsa xjrl6a npaKTHKOBaioob (tb i^tiaiiB, HictBinHiiH 
Maio o6iqaro orb HHTopecaMH OAHoro KaRoro hhSjab Kiaooa, bb qacT- 
HOCTi sjiacca seiueBiaj^Bi^eB'B. Bi Teneme TaR'B Has. opeAHsxi 

BtROB'B H AAKO H'fcEOTOpOe BpCMH H HOOlt, 8anp6IIl6Hifl BHBOSa OOOTa- 
BJIfllH ^aCTB 06li;eH GHCTeMU nOKpOBHTOJIBGTBa H OXpaHH HHTOpeOOB'B 

noTpe6HTej[fl Boo6ii;e, h npes^e h paHBme Bcero tojibko noTpe6flTdJu, 

H SaK'B TaSOBUfl 6UIH CBfl3aHU CaifHlTB TiCHUElTb OSpaSOlTL CT> I^t- 
JLhlWb pflAOlfB SaSOHOBB H npaBHJTL, poryjIHpOBaBQIHXl TOprOBJH) Xlt- 

^oMi, He AonycKaBDiHX'B bosmoshogth CKynxH xjMsl, caesyjiAitift cb 
HHifB HT. n. Ob pasBHTieHii seMJieA'i^iA ^^ Anrm bi XVU b., o'b 
nepexoAOMi xosflfiOTBa ovh cKoroBOACTBa K'b yoHJieHHOft o6pa6oTKi 
no^BU, yse no^H oKonqaTeJiBHo oocpeAOTOiUBmeftoji bi* pyRaxi JiHniB 
OAHHXB KpynHHX^ seMAOBJiaA'^AeBX, 01 nepexoAOHii Biacxfl h Biifl- 
Bifl Bi pysH napjiaHeHTa, hotti oiuomB HaaoiHeHHaro npeACTasHTe- 
iflMH 3eMej[BHiix'B HHTepeooBi^ xjrl6Hue sasoHH oraparo BpeiieHH no- 
creneBHo HSM^HflJiH oBoft xapacrepi h 6hjih npoBpan^eHBi hsi opyAiH 
oxpaHH iHTepeooBi noTpetiHreifl b'b opyAie oxpanu HHTepeooB'b ho- 
KJ[K)^mTejn»H0 oahhx'b 8eMj[eBJraA6j[Bi^eB%. lEpaBJieHie Kapjia II 6kuo 
liHi MOMeHToirB, O'B EOToparo H 8AtoB, Bi o^epi HHTepeooffb noiy- 
«iaTeieft poHTu, KaiCB h bi o6jiaoTH oxotu h t. n., EH^^HHaeTca noBo- 

pon BO BHyTpeHHOfi BKOHOMH^eOEOft HOJIHTHKi OipaHfil. YSO BB 1660 T. 

npojiBHjioeB flOHoe orpeMJieHie si noKpoBHrejiBOTBy HHrepeoaiiB senjie- 
BJELaA^^^eoKaro uacoa. Bubos'b xjiifia, AOSBOjguieMBift paHBme, jsfijs,^ 
erne npH laEOBt, EorAa i^na xjiAda AOOXHraja 26 niHu. 6 aeHoanri, 
TenepB dHUii ji^osBOJiewh jihiiib npH i^wb xjrb6a vb 40 oiHJuniHroBi sa 
EBaprepi raneHHipi, a a^chtb jAtb onycra, Vb 1670 roAy» mdib 
npH AtHt Bi» 53 Duuu. 4 neno. *), To 6us!b^ sani^iaerb Gamier, 
EaEi 6u noAaposB, npenoAHeoeHHHft EopoiescB JioftflibHoft HaoxH na- 



*) Garnier, History of the englisli landed interest, II, 197. Cm. Rogers, Th» 
eeonomie interpretation of history, St7 h ex., ero se, the industrial and. com- 
mercial history of England, 443 h ex. Mc'Glloch, Commercial dictionary, s. ▼• 
corn laws. 

6* 



84 PyCGKOB BOFATCTBO. 

eejiemB, chjibho padoTasmeft bx nojiBdj pecxaBpai^H, ho cpasy xe 

OTpasHBinifica ctoib TAsejiHirB otipasoirB la cbibckhx'b pa6oqHxi h 

Ba Ejaccb mojikhx'b KpeoTBSH'B-seifJieAtiBi^eBTi, ^ro npaBHTesBOTBy 

npBmjiocB nonojHHTB cbod hobji) nojiHTHRy -psjifiwh HSuiHeHitt b'l 

BaEOHax'B npo^asi xjitfia, B8MtH6Hifi, oTMtBflBmHX'B npesHBD perj- 

npoBKj npoAaHs xs.i6a e 003AaBniHx% cho6ojij BHyTpeHHaro xjitO- 

Haro piiiHRa (oTai. 1664 r.). C^ aroro BpeiceHn bbiotb jip TpB;q^a- 

TSXB ro^oB'B XIX B., A'^^o oxpaHu seMJKOAtjcB^eoKHX'B HirepecoBi, 

Ba piAKBMH BCKJtio^eHiflMz, pasBBBajocb Bce mape sl nmpe. Toako 

vh TOMi> cjryqai, sorAa i^na na iiA&b noAHHiiaJiacB ao TaKofi bkootk, 

xoTopaa jrposajia rojiOAOBROft, ocjia6j[ajui oxpaHy poMieBJiLaAtiBiiecsHxi 

sHiepecoB'B, nyieiTB paspimeHifl BBOsa HHOCTpaHHaro xjitCa. 06paTHO| 

ecjoi i^iHU naAajiE, cnycBajiBCB HHxe ycxaHOBJieBBofi cTaTyxoifB Hopioi, — 

oxpafly jCHJiHBaflfl nucpeACTBoin* AOSBOJieHifl BHBoaa xjiifia sarpaHii^, 

AificTBOBaBmaro jdhibb ao MOMeHTa, KorAa ii^tHH Ha xsi&b noAHHMaJiHCB ao 

Tpe6yevaro h sejiaTeJiBHaro ypoBHH. ^pyrHMH cjiOBaKH, b'b ocHOBy asoHo- 

loraecKofi nojiHTHKH nojiomewb 6£LrB ho npHHi^HirB AOoraBJieHifl noxpe- 

6HTejiD 6ojite AocTyimaro evy no nikwb xj[t6a, a npHHipriTB ofiesiie^eHia 

Ba seMieBJiaAiJiBi^eirB €Hop]faiBHaro> AOxOAa cb soiuh. H ^to lasoBa 

HMeHHo 6hiJL& rjiaBHaa n^h, npecjuiAT^^^ saEOHOAaTeiBOTBoirB XVII, 

XYin H Havana XIX b., hcho bhaho hsi Toro, hto npn hhbehx'b 

ifiHaxB Ha xjit6'B, rjiaBHinii ofipasoifB Ha nmeHHi^, — DpaBHrejiBCTBO 

HO TOJEBKO A03B0IflI0 BUBOSl, HO H HpflMO H OTRpUTO HOOmpflJO OFO. 

CiaTyTaMH, HSAaHHUMH nocjii poBOJiioi^iH 1688 r., ycxaHOBJieHO 6suo 
BOSHarpasKACHie vb pasMipi 5 mejui. 8a KasABdt BUBOseHHuft RBap- 
Tep'B nnieHBi];u. Kasna h3t» co6cTBeHHaro KapMana yojia^HBajiEa seMJieBJiLa- 
AiiBi^aH'B TO, qio ohh lepflJiH bcji£actb]6 hhsrhx'b i^iH'B. Ao6aBO^Haii 
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Kas'B BejrHRH 6wai pa3Mipu BUAABaeMott oyioiH, bhaho hsb tofo, ^to 
HO eiOBaMB MaKvRdJDfjioKa, cb 1741 no 1757 roAi okojio VI^ hhi- 
xiona Cbuio oxnyn^eHO hsi roeyAapcTBeHHaro sasHa^ieficTBa bi bha^ 
noompHTeJTBHiix'B noHUHHB. A aia cyMMa HBJurjiacB, ecTecTBOHHO, ao- 
6aB0^H0ft TflsecTBi), naAaBmeft na njraTejiBn^HKa noABTefl; ona, a^^*^* 
BiiBUBajra noAi>eirB isfi^wb na xjrbCi BHyrpn cTpaui, h otcdab nia- 
TOiBnpiB'B noAaTOft h B0o6nte noTpefiHTOXB eocb6heo BiiHyaEAOHH 

6lUH HJiaTHTB Vb UOJObBJ dOMJieBJiaAl^BI^l, KOTOputt 6^6 MaiO BEDO- 
ZBl'b B'B XYn B.« HO JCEMJL'b ^HBOBl XXi6a Bl XYIII '*'). 

B% 1773 roAy, MHHHCTepcTBO Hopra nonuTajcocB twio hsm^hhtb 
lapaKiepi aEonoMH^ecicot hoihtheh, ynpouBmeficH wu AnrjriH co Bpe- 
MCHii Kapia n. BospocxaHie HacoJOfeHiH, chibhoo paaBHxie h noA^eiTB 
npomiHueflHOCTH, oosAanie hobkxi h MHorojuoAHUX'B i^oHxpoB'B jtfbffreMh- 
HOCTH BUBUBajH HeofixoAHMOOTB no8a6oxHXBCfl H ofrB HHxepocax'B Bcero 
sacejieniii, o AOcxaxoTOoirB cEa6seHiH ero uifioirB. Bhjio pimeHO, 



*) Ri 1725 roxy bubobi noAHuica ao 200 tuc* XBapTepoBi inneHBipi 
Camier, n, 19& 



BOPLBA 3A H3BHPAT£jn>HyH) PE^DPHy. 85 

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BocapeTHTB bbo3:b nps i^bsi hhso 44 mnin. PflAOMi> noHHxesa 
6iua ffl 6 noHOOBi nomuiHa ci BBOdHifaro xiifia, ecia i^tHa xjii6a 
6j j^^ffTb Bume 48 mniu. Bi lexeme 18 xixB ci rpt£OM:B iioaojatt^b 
npoAepxaiaoB BTa HecjiuxaHHaa Bi AhtjIe XYIII b. cflciejia, ho 
ToibKo c'brptxoH'B DoaoiasTB. Bb ope^i seMieBiaAtjibi^eBB ona BLiiBaia 
TaKoe HeAOBoiBOTBO, Tasie bdhih h nporeoTH, tto xy^ftTb o ooxpaae- 
HiH 6fl 0£ixo A^oiTB CesHaAesasuTb. nporecTii h boiuh ycuaBaiHOb 
ci Kaii^uirB roAon Bce 6oiie h 6oxbe, bx 1791 roAy npHmiooB 
npHOirHyxB ki crapoMj nop^AKy Ben^efi. CxaTyrB 1791 r. Bosorano- 
BJUUTb BHOBB nooiiu)HTeiBHyi) nomjuHy bi 5 mHjji. npH i^ai xjrWa 
GBume 44 mflju., a paAoifB yoranoBieHa 6Hjia saspersTeJiEbHafl noin- 
UHa Ha BBOSHufi jA±6'h. nps i^hI Huse 50 niHu. sa EBapiep^ 
cb BBOBHaro xxfc6a AOJUKsa 6iua BsuHaiBOfl nomiHHa bi pasnipi 
24 msua. 3 n., nps n^isi BHine 50 Ao 54 hihiji. — 2 mui. 6 h. h 
TOUKo npH nixi OBiime 54 bihju. yAepsana 6Hjia nomiHHa vh 6 
HeHc, ycTanoBieHHaa Bi> 1773 roAy. 

To 6usA KpynHafl yoryasa seHiOBJiaA^ljmecKflHi HHTepecani, ho 
OHa oKasaiacb eme cmnKOH'B HHHTosnofi. BiaroAapa pasHaro poxa 

BKOHOHHqeOKEMl HpH^HHaHl, qiHU Ha XJrfc6B (Tb KOHUa XVIQ B. Ha- 

^aiH nocxeneHHo Bospaoraib, h ki 1801 r. ^ina 8a nmoHHi^y ao* 
CTHna HociuxaHHofi bucotu— 5 $.19 muji. 6 nenc; sa Hcjuuove- 
Hiecb 1803 roAa bb Te^eme no^H 20 Atl opeAHHH i^Ha sa KBap- 
lepB nmoHHi^u ho naAaJia hhso 62 hihai. IIpH lasHX-b yoioBiflrb 
ocTaBiflTb paanipfii saaperHreibHiix'B nonuHHB vb tomi se BHAi, 
KaKOft oHi nosj^EJLE do oraTyiy 1791 r., snawjio, ci toukh sp'faiia 
iHTOpeooBi seHjeBJiaAi^Hifl, noAptiBaTb 6iar0G0CT0HHie i^aro uaooa 
BOKJieBiaAtm^eB^, SHaujio OTAasaTb hxi Vb xepxBy HHocrpaHHOt 
KOHKyppeHifiH, 8aKp£[BaTb rjiasa na cBiiroAK h nojibsy Haipni. Saiipe- 
THTeibHafl nonuHHa Bi 24 mnu. 3 n. 6iua pacnpocTpaneHa na 
cjqrqafl, soPAa i^na KBapTopa nmoHHipi 6bLia hhso is^eel ho 50 num., 
a 63 HULU.; nonuflHa Bi 2 ihhiji. 6 n. nepeHecena ob i^hh 50—5 4 mu. 
Ha 63 — 66 mHJu., a nonunna bb 6 hohcobb, BSHHaeHaa Wb 1773 r. 
npR ufixk Bume 44 mHjJi., bb 1791 r.— npa qtai Bume 54, noAHflm 
Cujia AO ifiHu Fb 66 mHJu. h Biime. Ho h aroro ousaiooB en^ 
Haio AiH cBHroA^ h noJtbSB Hai^>. 

ycaizH aHTiiicKaro h oonsHaro opysU bb 1813 roAy, ycHJOCB- 
mlHCfl HaAoawi Ha csopoe BaKJuo^eHie kHpa, HOHHseme i^tflu 8o- 
lora, CHAHO noAHflBmarocA Chuto bb xohi^ XVm h bb nauii 
XIX b., noBjQHJUi Ha xjtUrb^ i^na soToparo na^axa oCnapysHBaTB 
HasJioHHocTB KB HOHflseHix). CtpazB 8a poHTu o6yfljrB crpaey, h 
noAB A&BJieHieHB soMJieBJiaAiibi^eBB MHHHorepcTBO JlHBepiiyjui npoA- 
lOSHio noAHHTB HopHy i^iHB xjr66a ao 80 mni. h BOcnpetHTB bbosb 
X.ii6a, ecjm i^ina ero CyAoiB crofliBHHse aiofl HopxH (craTyri 55 H. 



86 PyCGSOB BOrATCTBO. 

Feoprain, 1875 t.)*), 8to 6iuo caicofi Rpyimofi, ho B'btoso Bpeatfl 
H noGJiiAHeft no6b}ifii, OAepsaHHOlt bt» napjiaMeHrt rpynnofi seMJie- 
BJ[aA:bjiBueBi»; ho jze oaMuft j^aKTB npHHaria jEasaHHOft Mipu c;iy- 
sHJi'b BnojTH'b flCHuiTB ysaBaHievi Ha pasiilpii SHa^eHin h BiigHifl 
seifJieBJiaA'i^^ecsaro Kjacoa wh AHrjiiH eiae s bi Hawaii XIX b. IlHTd- 
peoaMi 8Toro uacca, b'b 8Torb pasi yase saoiHi cosnaTeiBHO, npn- 
HOOHJiHCB B% sepTsy HHiepeoii CojiBmHHCTBa HaceieHiH. 

n TO 6ujiK He ejoracTBeiHUH b% to Bpexa sepTBu. YcHJieHie h 
pasBHTie seiiieA'i^^ecKofi syjrBTypii B'B naqajrl XIX b., 6ucTpoe 
BOBBumeHie i^'^hb sa HaeiTB seiuH, Haem, ho opeBuniaBinii 10 hihji. 
sa aKp'B AO peBOJini^H 1789 r. h noAHflBndftcH B'B 1812 ro^y ii(0 
4&^50 AiHJUL, a B'B BepsHiHpi h ynjEBTmnpt a&so ao 70 idhjiji. *^ 
oTKpHToe noBpoBHTejQbCTBo, OBaBEiBaeMoe soHJieA'ikrii) h seMejiBHuifB 
HHTepecaM'B aasoHOAaTejiBCTBOirB, Boe bto fb coBOKyanocTH npn co^tft- 
ctbIh napjiaMOHTa oosxaBaio h ycHJiEBaio cTpeuenie B'B oropaxa- 
BaaiflifB, pasAi&JiaH'B ofin^HHHKtxi seiieiB, K'BpaomHpeHuonaxoTu cb ?ecto 
oneKyjuTHBHHMH n/biB^JS. C'b 1810 no 1820 r. obojio 3.111 tuc. 
axpoBx 6uJL0 oroposoHO, Tor^a KaKi ci 1760 no 1799, t. e. 3a ne- 
pioA^ BpeneHH baboo (3ojn>iniS, uoio oroposeHHux'B aspoB^ paBSflJiooB 
Boero 3121 tnc. ***). KasAuft HOBUft marB Bi jjjbA oropasHBaBift 
(Suji'B H HOBUM^ maroMi fb yBejE^emio aoxoaobi y KpynnHX'B seMie- 
BiaAl^Bi^eBi, eorecTBeHHO ynoTpedjHBniHX'B bc£ ycHjifl, ^nx)6H y;iep- 
saTB HX'B Ha BHCOEOiTB ypoBH^, npH HOKoiiui 3aR0H0AaTejBCTBa, npn 
noMon^H napj[[aHeHTa, fa^ ohh 6uj[h HaH6ojiie chjibhukh h HaH6ojiie 

BliflTeiBHHMH. 

OTCDAa TO ynopcTBO, cb RaKEicB san^HH^axH ohh pasi saHHTyn 
noBHi^K), TO coapoTHBJieBie, saRHirB ohh BOTpb^uuiH EasAy^ ^?Jy Ha- 
npaBJieHHyio ei noApuBy juhCo hxi HHrepecoB'B, j[h6o hx'b coi^iaJiB* 
Haro noJioaseHifl. TaEi, nanp., to, hto niiramcB, ho fiesycniniHO, 
BBBOTH BO ^paHOJH UpH OTapoiTB pesHM^, a HHOHHo: oxpaHa ABOpHH- 
CEOft seiiJiH 0TB npoAasH aa AOJairn, nojEy^sio bb Anr^H nojHoe ocy- 
n^ecTBJieHie. EcjiH miewb azghtph Ghjh ofipeiceHeHi AOJiraicH, npoBu- 
maBDiHMH ctohmoctb seMXH, — EpoAHTopu Horju Ao6BTBGfl jiHinB npoAo- 
craBJieBifl HifB nojioBHHii AoxoAa crb HMiniH jifia nonoiHenifl bhia^^h- 
HOft HMH cyMMfii. B'B c;Q[yqa'b CHopTH BJiaAtJiBi^a HJiiHiH, nocjiiAHob 
nepexoAHJBfO E'B HaciiAHHEaiTB H HO Morjio 6h[tb spoAano sa.AOJirn ****). 
KorAa oahsb hs'b neHHorHXi CBo6oAOMucjuiiiiHX'B AiflTOJiefi napiaiieHTa 
Ha^aia XIX b., Pomhj[bh« npoAJiosnji'B 6fiuio otm^hhtb TaEoft nopa- 
AOE'B Bemeft, Eas-B coBopmeHHo HOJiiiiui,— ero npoAJtoseHie BCTp'b- 
thjio cpeAH rpoMaAHaro SojiBmHHCTBa naiaTBi ptsEoe e chju»ho6 rpo- 

THBOA'bEGTBie. 



*) Gnnnigham, Growsh of engliah Industrie and commerce, 11,654,656 h AP. 
»*) Porter, Progres of the nation, 153—4. Cp. Annual Register, 1815 r- 
crp. 211 H cji. 

•**) lb., cxp. 157. 
****) Romilly, II, 186' 



B0PB5A 3A B35HPATEILHyK) PE«0P1I7. 87 

IIpkBAa, 6Hjrj[B noABeprca rojocoBaniio, ho Ssjtl dJiHCTaTOJiBHO npo- 
^aieHi. A TyTB se pa^^OMi apf^^ 6hjij[b, BHecoHHHfi 'Awb se Po« 
VHJiBH, HO KacaBinificfl nopjiAsa B3U0EaHiH ACJOEroB'B jxhiiib cb abh»h- 
Maro KanHiaia h Kyne^ecKaro siacca, npomeji'B bii Toi se najiart 
6631 BOdpaaseHiA *). OqesHXHo cyn^ecxBOBaiKO ABa M-lpHJia jifla pas- 

URHUXl AByXIi RJiaCCOB'B: AJIfl HeABBaCHMOOTH— OAHO, A^fl ABHSHMQCTH 

n>7roe. ^a s xaK'B mofjio 6htb nna^e, Kor^a, oi* to^rh 3piHifl 6oj[b- 
niHHCTBa napjiaMOHTa, npnuiHeme irlpu, o;^o6peHHoi ji^a. xyne^eoRaro 
uacca, npeACTaBMJiocB spaHHO onacHBiK'B h bpoahbik'b, pasi era- 

BHIOg BOnpOCB SeUJieBJiaA&HiH. IIpHMiHHTB BTJ M^py Kli SOMJli 3Ha- 

^Hio fiti noAopBaTB Bi cauoiTL RopHi H yHHHTosHTB npaBO nepBO* 
poACTBa, dTOfl ocHOBii sejuoBJis^lJiB^eoRaro aHnificRaro cxpoa, droro 
tyAHBHTeJCBHtSniaro h BeJiHqafiniaro» h3'b CTapsEX'B aHrjiificRHxx saRo- 
HOBi. no cjiOBaui) PoMHJiBH, noApo6Ho H wb AOTaiHX'B pascRasuBaio- 
Ji^aro B6CB annsoA'B cb ero 6hjuuihh, cTaRie h noAb6Hue hmi apry- 
MOHTH ((lUH BHOJiHi AocTaio^HU, ^o6u OTBoprHyTB Mipy, Bit3UBae- 
KyD Tpe6oBafliflMH caMOft o6HAeiHofl ?ecTH0CTH» **). 

Ho yse vb XYUL b., bx oco6eHHooTH se wb naiajii XIX b. na 
6e3o6Jia^HO]rB noBHAHMOMy fle6i aHTJofioRaro seiueBJiaAtHiA ciajiH no- 
xasuBaTBCfl ^epHHS tohrh, ho npeABin^aBinifl oco66hho fijiaronpiflT- 
Hoft noroAH... KorAa b-b BHAy na^aBinaroca b-b 1813 — 14 rr., naAe- 
Hifl i^iH'B sa lAi&b, rpynna seifjieBJKaAtjiBiteB'B BHorynajia bi* 1815 r. 
<rB TpefioBaHieHii HeHeA^OHHaro npHHATifl bufoahuxi js,jul eqb nsirb- 
leniH xjii6Haro lapn^a e noBumenifl cxaBRH ao 80 mBJUiiHHroBi, — 
ea Tpe6oBaHie 6buio, npaBAa, npHsaTo, 6eju[b, ycTanaBiBBaBmift ho- 
Bue lapH^fii, npomeji'B; ho npomejTB cpeAH npoTeciOBi co cTopoHU 
HiROTopsx'B HSi* jifiu^TdkTOB'b, uoHOBii npoMUinjieHHaro H MaHy4)aR- 
Typnaro RJiacca, cpoAH Cbsbmaxh en^e npoiecTOBii co oTopoHu nace- 
xeHiH. noBCK)Ay opraHHSOBajiHCB MHTEHre, 0T0BCK)Ay nociuaiHGB b'b 
oajiraTy nerai^H, HacraHBaBinifl na Heo6xoAHMOCTH oxBeprHyrB 6hjijib. 
KorAa se, necicoTpa Ha Bce 8to, 6hj[J[b 6ujli> npHHarB, B'B JloHAoni 
Ha^ajiooB cHJiBHoe dposeHie, OABa ho nepemoAniee vb HacToan^ift 
6yHTB. Pas'BflpeHHafl TOina SpocHJiaoB na AOMa jiopAOBi, dan^Hn^aB- 
maxb 6HJIJIB, pasfiHia B'B hhx'b oRHa, H'l^ROTopue pa3rpa6Hja. 

Otobhaho 6hj[o, tto nojHTHRa, npoBOAHHaa napiaMeHTOHi, duia 
noiHTHRofi, HO cooTBiTCTBOBaBmeK HHTepecaiTB Bceft cTpaHii, HTo cy- 
H^ecTBOBaiH yse c^opicHpoBaBniiflCfl rpyanM nacejieHiH, no otho- 
HieHiio Ri» ROTopHM'B Htpu, npHHHMaeiuifl napjiaiceHTOM'B, 0Ra3UBa- 
JiHCB npflMO H 6e3yGJ[0BH0 BpoAHHEH. B'B ^ecjA HOAaBaBmBX'B rojioca 

IipOTHBX 6HjIUIH HOAHATiH TapH^HOft XJltfiHOfi CXaBRH, RaR'B MU BH- 
A^^9 6lU0 HiCROABRO npOMiimJieHHHROB'B, MaHy^aRTypHCTOB'B. A TOUN, 

^sofiflpaBmifloa Ha MHTHHrH h dymeBaBmia wb Aoicax'B lopAOB'B, brjid- 
naiH B'B ce6i H A^flTeieft npoMiinuieHHocTH, h pa609ee HaceJienie^ 



*) Ibid. 198-222. 

♦*) Ibid, in, laa 



88 P7CCB0E BOFATCTBO. 

HHTepecH rtn ■ xpjTVTh OKasusajiHCB npuMo DpoTHBonoiosHim 
nnepecairb seirjieBiaj^^i^eBi, a MesxT rtiri noAJ^epsu axa hhtk 
se 6hio Bi napiaMeHii. Bonpoci bi cosAaEiH TaEofi noMepsn m- 
Xfliofl H noxaaevb 6ujrb HeE86lxH0 flBETBcs Bonpocom nepBoore- 
neHHoft BaSHocn e ffur npoionnjieEEEKOBi, e jt^a pa6o^aro Kiaooa. 
II, x^lcTBETenEO, no nipt nociixoBaTejiiBaro pasBBTifl b ycEJieEk 
ottm OTEXT. rpynn^, BonpocB o napjianreEii, xaE^ opraai saROEa^ 
E oxpaEETOjA EETepecoBi Bctex, a Be ^aciE] EacejieEur, 6wn, 
BHXBEEyTB Ea EepBvfi EiaEl. 

(IIpodoJioicmie^CMhdyemi). 



PACnJIATA. 

?AGTB DEPBAfl. 



I. 

UlHpoKafl, caaKeneft bi» nATHawaTB, xopora, sanynteHHafl^ 
BCfl npopocmafl yse asejnriion^et Tpasot, npo6%rajia Heagqr 
XByiM pon^aMH HHciaro, cBisaro 6epe80Baro Jiica, HOJiMiHBara 
H saAyM^HBaro Bi 9TJ Dopy— Ha^ajia oceHH. IIo Aopori, sa 
nopoftHCTot H xopomd BuisseHHot TeBcaocipofi jiomaAH, nxa 
ftxajTb HOJiOAot, Bucosifi H d 6ojiii3HeHHo-6j[iAHUirb jun^om 
HejioBiKB, HeEpacHBO H Heyuijio sepsRacB na aarjiificKOirB cIa^ 
Ohi» HflSKo onycTHJii rojiOBy h AyMajii, bhahmo, o Heirb-ia 
npiETHOirb. XyAoe, ci jipRO-EpacHUMH ry6aHH jiHito ero, ^lyrK 
onymeHHoe Toimoft 6opoAKot, BpeiieHaHH osHBjifljiocB pymm- 
Keiri), a TeHHue roiada ropijus Becejiuirb oroHBKOirb. 

Bxpyrb, Ha noBopoii AoporH jiomaAB KpyTO ocaxua ■ 
uersa Bcxpaimyjia, a cIaoei HeBOJiBHO uowmsl rtioH'B Bne- 
pejcB. IIpflHo nocepeAHHik AoporH ctobjtb HeBucoicaro pocTa, xyAO- 

n^aBUt, BHAHHO HCTO^eHHBlft leJEOBtKB JI^TB TpHAI^aiH CB ^ilTB-^ 

HH6yAB, CB JiyKaBUH'B, xflipuirB juaoitb, OKafiiueHHBiirB ^epHOft 
6opOAKoB. Obi 6bijii bb chjibho HcracKaHHOft OAesi, npsneirB 
ocoi^HHO CpocajiacB bi> rjiasa EcrpenaHHafl ^ypasxa cb noxy- 
OTopBaHHBurB KosBipBKoiTB H AByMH sanxaiaMH iipKO-sexeHaia 
cyxHa. 

npoxosift cxerxa npxnoAHHjrB cb BatBunca btotb roxoBHoft 
y6opi> H npoHSHecB xpHiuiuirB, xaKB 6yAto ci noxMixBfl, roxo- 
coiTB, CB HanycKHOft noKopHOCTBK), HO CB naxaxBHO HacM^mxi- 
BBiiTb BupasemeirB bb yseHBKHXB cipuxi rxasxaxi: 

— Bame cuiTexBcrBo, aosboxbtc o6e3noKOHTB Bamy msxockb... 
^sAon, OTopBaHHBift on cbohxi» AyMX, Kpyne noAoCpaxBi 

HyHAmTyuBift noBOA> h csaxB pyRoaTxy n^eroxBcsoro xxucTa. 

— 9to Te64 Hiu^o? — rniBHo xpHKHyxi ohi. 

— Aft B0TB9 Bame 6xaropoAie, ysi oieHHO KypnyTBaaxorft- 
xocB... PassopHTecB, 6apHHi>, sa nanxpoco^. Bi toitb roAf 



90 PyCGSOE BOrATGTBO. 

eft-efi OTAaiTb; y rjmu saftHy, qio he 6ojLork orypuaHR lOp- 
ryeiB... 

J[jii](o MOJKOAoro qejiOBi^Ka BcnBixHyjio rH^Boirb; 6ucTpo 

BSMaXHyBl XJUJCTOlTb, OH:b H30 BCefl CHJ[U yxapHJlli HH'b UpBMO 

Bi rojiOBy npoxoxaro. Xjibictii, CKOJibSHyBi no safTysy nocniA- 
HAro, Kb KOHeqHoiTb ABHseniH p:fi3Hyji'B jshi^o, ociaBHjrb Apaift, 
6aq)0BLift cjAxh naAi 6poBBK> h Ha npaBofi m^vA h jifl KpoBH 
pascl^icB ry6y. Ilpoxosift tojibko oxHyjrB h, otcko<ihb'b bib cto- 
pOHy, dcijn Bc&Mi TijioiTby a jiomaAB^ HcayraHHaH BsiiaxoBCB 
xjiucia, pBanyjia BnepeAi* h vb HtcEOJiBKo MrHOBeHifi CKpujuacB 
sa noBopoTOMi Aopora. 

— Axi, TH, co6aRa dxaKafl, — cb HCKasHBinHiiCii otb 3jio6u 
jQn^oBTb m^nrajni noiepn'&Binifi, cnJieBUBaa KpoBB h noMHHyTHo 
XBaTaflCB TO 3a rojiosy, to 3a HCsajriqeHHoe jihi^o.— Huib tu, 
6apqeH0KB npoRJUToft... IIoctoh yso. 

Ohi> onycTHJDLi pyRy bi> KapMani sajiRHX'B 6pH)K'B, Bueyjii 
OTTyAa njioxoHBRift peBOJiBBepi J[e(|)0ine, noTOirB, BcnoHHBB'B, 
BipoHTHo, HTO peBOJiBBBpoM'B TonepB He AOCTaHOQiB o6HAqBKa, 
cyHyjTb opysie na mIcto h nomeji'b no Aopori, sajiosHBi* pyRs 
8a cnHHy, BpeMenaMH ocTaHaBjutBa^cB h pyrajiCB BCJiyxi bi> Ty 
CTopoHy, RyAa y&xajTB BcaAHHRi. 

A TOTB yjKe noA'B^fisscaji'B si hohIctbio OTi^a. 3a jt^ckoitb 
pacRHHyjiHCB nojD[ori6 xojihu bi> necxpux'b RpacRax^B aejiTaro 
AOSpiBinaro OBca, sejieHE jibhobb h cjierRa RpacHOBaTuxi fjihhh- 
CTuxi nojio(n> BcnaxaHHuxi hoa'b oshmh nojiefi. Roe-rAi no 
AOJiHHaii'B TeHHijiH Rynbi pont^ h 6jiecHyjia eepe6poirB b'b CB'faT^ 
Aoropajon^aro ahh HSBsjiHCTaji nojoca HedojiBinoft piqRH. Ha- 
npaBo OTB AoporH BHAHa 6BiJia 6ijL2kSi roaorojibhh cejia, a 
8aTiMi> mobcho 6uao pasrjUA'bTB phabi. h36i>, c6iraBinjixi cb 
xojLiia npflMo Kb p'fiqiri^. BcaAHHRfB HanpaBHjiCH Kb hhmii h, oe- 
MHoro cnycTH, oGorHyBi cejio, oqyTaicn b'b BHAy ycaAB6u Apsa- 
AiH CTenanoBHqa BaRyjiOBa. Yi^Bfia pacnojuoasMjiacB Tose na 
CRjOH^fi xojiMa H cCiraaa ri ^iKb orpoMHUMi cTapHHHUsrB 
napRoaTB^ o6jierniHMi ABopB cb AByxi CTopoHi. A'hwhe napR'B 

C06AHHJUICA Cl» Ji:&C0irB, H C% AOpOFH MOSHO ChLSO BHA'^TB, qTO 

jdcB, q^Mi AaJiBme, i^btb cianoBEJiCii ryn^e h Bume h yme^'B 
BfB AaJiB qepHOH), MpaqnoK) Maccoft. 

MojiOAoft BaRyjiOBT* Biixaai bo ABOpB, OTAajTB jiomaAB hoa- 
fiisaBineMy ROHioxy h, pacnpafiHBB ycraBinie, nenpHBuqHue rb 
BepxoBoft izAi qjieHBi, npomeji'B, MHHyii orpoHHuft RaMeHHBift, 

CTapHHHOft nOCTpOHRH AOMl, B'B CBA'B-I^B'^THHRB) OTA:&iIHBII]iB 

ycaAB6y otb cejia. 

TaiTBy MesAy RJiyiftdaMH rycTo paspocmHxcH i^b^tobb xoah^tb 
TflsejioH) crapqecRofi noxoARoft qejiOB^RB JiirB ceiiHAecflTH, ne- 

BilCORifi, AOBOJIBHO HOJlHHt H COBepmeHHO C:&AOft. OhB 3a60TJIUBO 

nonpaBJiflju'B onycTHBOniBCH b^trh itB^TOBii, o6puBaji'B sacoxmie 



PACnJLATA. 91 

jncTiKa H ch BBAHMiiMi) HacjiaxA^HieirB npHrjiHAUBajicfl Kb pasHO- 
o6pa8B£iHi KpacRairb, necTpHBniHMi oyH^u. 

OceHB 6jiH3HjiacB HecoMH^HHO. 3to SaMiTHO 6UJI0 A&Hce 
BAicB, cpeAH pasrapa SHSHeHHOft a^tbjibhocth caxa. Peseta 
hhbiho paapocjiacB no spajisTB iuiyM6^ h, KasajiocB, roTOsa 6ujia 
saaojLOHHTB Bce, ?T0 HE pocjio RpyroMB HOfl, a cRpoMHUH, po6- 

KU CXOHHUH KpacaBHI^Ui e^Ba BUOAAKIBaJIH CKB08B co^Hue 

KycTH ea cboemh h^shbimh chhhmh KOJiOEOJiBHHRaMH. HacTjpuiH 
yse onycRajEH yciajiuH tojiobkb; HaxpoBuft MaKi cobcIii'b eoite 
oCjieT^jiB H ycBinaja ryciyio sejieHB cod^AHExi KycTOB-B 6arpo- 
BUME, KpoBAHBiMH H^THaME. $jieKciH e^Ba scsjiE, 8arjynieHHUH| 
npflsaiuH qoci^AAHE, ^ephuhe cb qyAHoft sejieHLH) reoprEHaiiE. 
Bep6eHa yse yHepjua; i^ehhIe neqajiBHO cBicEjia HSHeHOKeH- 
EyK> rojiOBKy, KaKi HazoTO^HLift, HOCfliriift bi rjiy6EH'6 opra- 
EHSMa HeoTpasEMyio CHepTB. JleBROE eni^e seje, ho, nopasKen- 
HMO HeAyroBffB ciapocTE, yTpaxfljiE yae bcbo npejiecxB ijBiTKa, 
noHTE pasjiarajiECB e, ctua^cb 6oji'63he, po6eo npETajHECB cpe^H 
jmcTBeBb cociji,ei. Saio RpacaBKu ocenn reopPEHur, RpacHue, 
nypnypoBBie, jiEjioBue, najiOBue, necTpue, reoprERii Rapjiu, reop- 
lEHU HaxpOBue, BOJiERaHu, Moryqie, SAopoBue, TenepB tojibro 
Ho^yBCTBOBaBmie cboe cejiu, dHepriio, BOcxEo^eHHue ocenHeft 
CBtoecTBK) BosAyxa, Bce niEpe e mEpe paspoCTajiECB rpy6oK) se- 
jieHBK), Bce rjiyCsce npoHERajiE wb no^By B^ yoqep6i coc^AEirb 
R, mnpoRo pacRHHyEB KpynHyio jiECiBy, pasdpocajiHCb RpacE- 

BUME, EpKEMH KB^taMH. A pEAOlTB Ch HEME, 60Jlie CRpOMHUE, 
HO TaRifl Se aSESHepaAOCTHUE E 6e3SCaJl0CTHUH Kb 0TAB'6TaK)IIlEHl> 

cocbj^siwh CBepRajiE HteHUE, HeyjioBEMux'b oTT'faHROB'B acTpu. 

n BH'i^cTo BeceHHaro ' apoiiaia i](Bi^T0Bi>, orb sanoJiHeHHUx'B 
KJtyH6'b yse mejrb EHoft cejibhuS apouaii,— opomesHoft eo^huhe 
TyHanaifE, ynETanHofl Bjiaroio sejieHH... 

CiapEKT) BaRyjioBi, oCoAah nocjiiAHioio rpEARy, oiepi mor- 
pyH), HORpuTyK) jierRofi mejiROBoS ^ypaasRofi rojiosy h cijn> Ha 
JiaBO^Ry y noAHOsiH BticoKoft, b'^tbectoA gepesu, oaehoro cto- 
EBmeft cpeAE itB'bTHERa. Ha MEEyTy ero oxBaisjia nojiHaE ana- 
tIe... 3to ci HEMTv duBajio sa nocjii^AHee BpeuE. ByATO cpasy 
ynepjia ECESHeHHaE dHepria, h Bce RaseiCE 6e3iii'ijiBH£iMi>y ho- 
RyESHUM'b: H CTpaAaniE MEHyBinEX'by AOJxrEX'b ji'^tb, e onaceHiH, 
h MyRE sa cyAB6y eAflHCTBeHHaro cuna, e en;e ne sascEBinaE 
pana cepAii^a otl noTepn Apyra-senbi, h 3a6oTii o 6yAyiueHi 
Aoua. HeHyacHa h hucjib bovb o6i> dTHXi 3a6oTjiflBO BSJie- 
jiiEHHux'B i(Bi^Taxi>. HeEyscHa bohb Ta lejii^ra, co crpehoh^b 
Besyn^aE rpyAU sojioiHCTaro RpynHaro OBca; Hesyxna n h^^che 
saBopoHKa FB ^tLCTuxbj yxo 6jiiAH:fiK)ii^EX'b HoSecaxi; HenysHa 
E caila CEHOBa He6a, e sojiotoA nyRi> cojiHeqEuxB Jiyqeft, npo- 

<!EBniEXCE CRB03B qepEyK) ryCXyiO JHECTBy CTOJliTHEX'B Jflni 

napRa h 6pocEBinEX'B RpoBEEofl OTT^HOKL Ha HECTyio cxpyfio 



92 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

piuH... Hflqero He HfjRHO, KpOHt OTAUxa, noROA, H^peHHaroy 
ciaxKaro yHHiioseHifl hucjkh... 

MojiOAot BaKyjioBi) noxomejrb h Hona c&rb okojo on^a. 
IIoTOMi, 6yAT0 iK6niHBinHCB na hto-to, r:iy6oEO BSAOXHyn w 
cjierKa ApornyBmHirB roaocoMi npoHSHeci: 

— EaTK)mKa, a 6u xortjrb ci Bans noroBopETB...— CrapHKV 
noAHJurb roAOBy h npHcrajiBHO norjuiA^^ Ha cusa, ho, bhahmO|. 
He cjiuxajTb ero cjiobi> h tojibko npHCMaipHBajiCH Kb neiiy bhh- 
HaieJiBHO. Ohatb TpeBora saEpaAUBajiacB vb Aymy) h cepjne 
HaiHHaao 6ojrbih AaBHHmHeK), SHaROMOK) 6oj[bk). 

— KaFb OFB 6jAjifim> h xyAT», — AynajTb owb npo cuHa, — 
n^eKH BBajifljracB, sosa npospaqnaa, to^ho BOcsoBan... A pyiifl- 

Hem, OXl, 8T0TB ysaCHUft, pOKOBOft pjUHue^b n^THaMM!.. 

Xa, 9Torb KpacHBut, HisHufl pyM^nei^ SHaKouB eiiy m^ 
AaBHa. Ohb 6uxb na n^aKaxi jib>6hhbi:(u ero, npejiecTHOft, sasb 
HaficKoe yipo, HflTHaAn^aTHJiiTHeft TaHH, ero nepBeHi](a, yHopniei 
Ha ero EOjri^H^x'B, xorAa ona, chaa Cb HHVb na leppaci, sa- 
KHHyjia sajiKyio, xyAyH) pyiEy 8a meio ero, npHsajiacB ycTajioi 
rojioBKofl El ero njie^y h thxo dacnyjia Biuuvb CHom. 

Ob onaflHieM'b, cb ponoroifb h uosb6ojo CToposHn okb 
HOTOMib ABixame usejio CopoBmaroca co cnepTBH) Biopora 
pefieHEa, mecrnaAi^aTHJiiTHHro Cepria, HOAAwmarocH 6ojAwa 
ABa roAa cnycM. 3a 8Ty Aoporyio shbhb oieiti i^ojuijrcH Bciu 
CBJiaMH HBMyqeHHaro cepAi^a, uojiajlcb o ijj!^, cosuBajii aokto- 
poBi, 6pocajicfl Kb SHaxapHHi) h Bce-se ne otctoajtb cuna. IIo- 

TOHl nOABHJlCH pOEOBOfi, ySaCHBit pyHAHen'b y AB^HSAI^aTHJlftT^ 

net BapH h, HaEonem, yse cpaBHHTejrBHO HOAaBHO, y Aopoc- 
met AO coBepmeHHOjri^TiH spacaBHi^Bi OjiBrn. B'b to Bpeiu 
OTi^oBCEoe cepAite ycn&[0 ycTaTB orb 6ou; ci Tynmrb otuh- 
HleHL npoBOAHJH BaEyjiOBb bi> o6inHpHyK) ceMefinyH) Honuiy 
ary sepTBy HacjriftACTBeHHaro HOAyra, ho cb tI^vb tfoJibniHirb^ 
sapoMi yxBaTHicH sa HaAesAy oxpaHHib xoTb Hocjri&AHHro^ 
ocTaBmarocH y nero cuna, BjiaAHHipa. Ohb B3Hjrb ero xs^ 
niEOJui, ytxajTb C!b HHirb na H)rb, vb HTajiiH), noTon bi AjisHp^ 
H TaHB ^%J[£IHH roAEMH cjAjsjuTb sa xoAOMi ero 6oji£8HH. BpeHe- 
naxH HaA^a^^a, noAEp'6njifleHafl HHiHiflHH Bpa^eft, Bospacraia^ 
HO BpeMenaHi Bce sasajiocb noTepHHHUHi, ■ HatSOAynimift 
CTpaxb oxBaTUfiajTb cepAi^e on^a. 

— EaTK)nisa,— HOBTopHJTb HOJiOAoft Basyjoffb,— BU cjiuonie' 

HeHH?.. 

— A, ^To? — ouyBmHCB otb BaAyMUBOCTH nporoBopHjn^ 

CTapHEl. 

— fl xoiy noroBopHTB cb BaHK. 

— Hy, ^TO TaEoe? roBopH. 

Fojiocb crapHEa BcerAa npii pasroBopi ci cuhovb ($biBan 
cypoBi, a Bsr^Ai^ nacHypeHi. IIpoHCxoAHJio ato neBOAHO, Ha 



PACDJIATA. 93 

€HHi DocTOAHHO HaxoAHJiCH noA'b onaceHieiTB raisa CTapsKa, h 
BE AOJirafl coBHicTHan shshb na lorfi, hh bhahhhji TpeaosHUH, 
J^o6iU^k 8a($0Tu ApEaAin GTenaHOBH^a ho hofjih yeaqTOSHTB vh 
MOJiOAOirb qejioBi^Ki aiKOTopoft ot^yxa^hhocth on oTi^a. II 
TonepB BjiaAHiiipi ApKasBeBH^'b noiyBCTBOBajti, hto exy tpjaho 
opoAOJLsaTB HanaTuft pasropopi. 

— BHAHTe, fl BOTb HTO xoT^ji'b CEasaTB... Mni yxi CKopo 
ABamaTB ceMB MHHerb. ^ejtoB'bKB h Bspoosuft... Cjhoboitb, a xohj 
^ijiaTB npeAJtoseme OAHoft, A'^symKi... 

CrapHBiB HepBHo OTmaTHyjicA h no6jiiAHijrB. 

— ^TO? TH... XOHefflB SeHHTBCfl?.. HHEOFAa!.. 

Owh BecB AposajTB, 

— BaTioniRa, — HanajTB 6ujio cbihb, ho crapHKB yse He 
^maji. BcKo^HB^ ci lOHomecsoft sbboctbk), ofb tfucrpo 
sa^aji'B xoAHTB BsaAi h BuepeAi* no AoposK^, sacynyB^ pyra 
VB RapMaHU 6pH>tfB, BSBOJiHOBaHHuft, pacTpeBoseHHuA. He- 
HHTBc^y eify, Boj[oa:6, KOioparo ohi 6eperB otb bchkhxi boji- 
Henift, HTodu ho HapyniHTB paBHOBicla opraHHSHal ^hhtbca 
jpifl Toro, HTo6u BOJLHeHifl j[K)6bh ydsjiH ero, 6utb hosotb vh 
oepBuft xe roA'b 6paKa, seHHTBCH a^h tofo, hto6ii jibhjui(b 
X^TH, TaKifl se o(^peqeHHBifl na cnepTB Ch nepBuxii Anet cyqe- 
erBOBaEi^I SKeHHTBCH, no6u TepsaiBCA HyKaiut poAHTOJiBCKaro 
cepAnal H^Ti, HiiKorAa!.. 

— il He noHHiiaH) npHHHHU Bamero rn^Ba, — CKasajTB Bjia- 
AHHipB,— ecsH Bu coMH^BaeiecB wb mooitb Bu6opi... 

— He Bi Bu6opi AijiOj — MaxHyBi pyKoft, KpHimyjrB OTei^. — 
Ho,T-qTO sa ^aHTasin sennTBCfl) Tu en^e Tam uoMXb... re&k 
HaAO... yKpinflTB ^opoBBe... 

— IIoHHJiytTe, ^opoBBe y hohh 6oraTupcKoe; b^a^, a hh- 
xorAa A&S6 ho xBopajTB... 

0161^% TOJDBKO BSAOXHyjTB. Ho CEasatB Se CUHy, TTO B^ 

seiTB TAiBAHTCH CTpaiDHafl HacjKiACTBeHHaH 6ojrl8HB, Ta canaH, 
jKOTopaa yffe CBasa vb MotHJij ero OpaTBesi h cecrepi. 

— HHsaiTO, HHKOFAal.. He roBopH co moft oCf'B arom. 
B^opi, Bdi^opB, ^anraskt.. 

OffB 6ucTpo ymejTB b% aovb qepeai tfajiKOHHyEo AsepB, a cukb, 

HOCHA^ffB H^CKOJKBKO MHHyTBi HanpaBHJICH Vh CBOK) ROMHaiy. BOJI- 

Henie e mivh oii^a ne TpeBOSHJH ero. Ohi BHan, tto OTeir& 
n KOHi^ft ROHitOBi CAECTCH, KaKB 6uBajio BcerAa. 

B'b orpoMHOVB saHeHHom aomA BasyjOBa Bce cnaio; ve 
coan TOJiBRo HaHXEHKB HacoHB, KipHO 0T(SHBaBmit CBoft Tain, 
Aa CKpe6j[HCB sa o6ohiih mimH, Aft cairB xobhhhb CHAftn nep^^ 
SHCBHeHHBm CTOjom vh KatfHHerti ne^aiBHiit, saAynHBiit, 



94 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO, 

EMy npHnoHHHajiHCB MHHyBcaie toabi, rpyciHan, THsejian 
BCTopifl ero 6:6AHofi paiocTHMH h 6oraToft ropeH'b sshshh. ^a, 

OH'b HHKOrAa He COMH^BajICil, HTO EB.Jl'h pOAOHl BaRyjIOBUXl BH- 

cHTb npoKjiflTie, wo nperpiineHiH OTUflifb ipetfyioTB HCsynjieHifl, 
B HCKynjieHie coBepmaeTca ^esnoiqaAHO h neyKJiOHHO. HHwone 
upo^ojLETb AApoHi>: EaacABifi BipHHfi H HeB:fipH£ift man OTAaexcii 
B% dyAyn^eiTB, b saKOHH cyAe6'b HeyiiojiHHu. OinB6cH OAHaasA^) 
B TOJiBKO BejEHqafimiH ycHjnH BcnpaBHXL omB^Ry. 

ApKaAifi CTenaHOBBqi npofiirajTB HucjieHHo HCTopiio CBoero 
poAa. npoRjiiiTie bobhcjio naA^ aokoitb npn npaA'&A'i HBaH-fe. 
E^meHuft, 3Jio6H£ifi, cacnHAi**, Kaicb roBopHjis ABopoBue, OErb 
Bi> npBnaAB^ ssi^pcEaro ra'i^Ba, Toro mtBa, Eoxopuft sEiBHBaen 
niHy y pxa, saTeMH^eirB pascyAOKi, — yAapoirb MKejiaro nyryn- 
Haro npecaanLe y6Hjrb HanoBajn CBoero oTi^a. MaxB ^bslba^ 
AaBHo yse cTpaAaBman 6oji:&3hbk) cepAi]ia, ynajia okojio Tpyna 
iiyma H yMepja, ho> yiiBpan, npoKjiHjia cuHa. y6lftcTB0 aaxy- 
innjiB ACHi^raMH, ho npoonTie hobhcjio uB^b ytfifii^eft. HanpacHO 
ToaHjDL'B OHi TocKy vb AHRBxii oprkxi, HaupacHO HCRaji'b ycnoRoe- 
hIh b% jio6bb, sceHHBmHCb na hojioaoS, KpacHBOft A^Bymsi, npn- 
Becmeft eiiy xopomee npHAanoe h poABBmet nepesi toab CBma, — 
en^e qepesi toa'b HeaHii BaRyjioBB yAasBJicH botb wh 9tomi» ca- 

MOBB A0M£; HMl Se HOCTpoeHHOMl. 

Cuwb BacBjDLift yse cb ABinaAiiaTHJiiTHHro Bospacxa He npH- 
SHaaajTb HaAi> co6ofl HHiiBeft BJiaciH. Ero shshb ao ABaAi^aTH- 
HBia jtbTb npoxoABjia bi> oxoii cb co6asaHH h Eaprouoft nrpi. 
JEeHBjicA OHB paHo, miAjTb cuHa h ao^b h cb posA^nieirB no- 
cji'J^AHeft CTajiTB KasB 6yAT0 ocreneHBTBCH, ho bb oahhb npoKpac- 
Huft A6HB nponajTB 6e» b^cth. Ero HCRajm bi oRpecTHUXB jA- 
caxB MicHi^ ABa, HO HamjuE jubhib nepesi roAB y dojioxa ^eft-To 
CKejieiB CB ocTaiEaMB OAeacAU, no Koiopoft npHSHajiH BacBJOJi 
HBaHOBH^a. CTenaH^ BacHJEBOBH^'B juhhb oxqacTB hoxoabjtb xa- 
paKxepoicB na OTi^a s k&a^ Ha nero Tose HaxoAHJiB npHnaAKs 
Heo6y3AaHHaro rnibBa, ho ohh noBiopiUiHCB ne oco6eHHO ^acTO. 
T-jbMB He Henie h ohb hofh^'b npesAOBpeiieHHO h ysacHO, ocia- 
BBB^ AByxii cuHOBeft H AO^B: ero ydsiH RpecTBBHe bb juBiShuem 
rjyXOKB HM^HiH. POBOpBJIB, 6yAT0 BO BpeMB 6e3y]iHoft BcnumKM 
OHB npHRaBaji'B KBHytB ciapoery bb ropHnpft obhhb. roBopHjn 
Aane, TOO crapocTy KHnyjiB, ho saTiiiB REHyjiHCB h na 6apHHa, 
KOToparo 6pocBj[H TyAa-3ice, npojoioMHBB any npeABapHteiBHO ro- 

JIOBy ROJIOUl. 

Jlfl^h CTenana BacnjcBeBBqa, BpacaBHi][a BacHjuica CienaHOBHa 
Bumjia saMys-B no jih)6bh sa rBapAeftcEaro RanHTana, tfjiecTHntaro 
RHA3B RjiHHCRaro, HO lopesB ABa irficAi^a nocjrfi CBaAB6u Bnajia 
bb THXoe yMonoirilmaTejiBCTBO h neAJieHHO yracjta. MjiaAmift hsb 
en 6paTBeBi», EropB, nomejn bb npeAROBB. HeotiysAaHHUt h 
secTORift xapaRTepi ero cran BHAevB ysse bb A^icTBd^, Rorxa 



PACnjTATA. 95 

OHli 6HJrB CBOHX'b CB6pCTHHK0Bl», ABOpOBfilXl UaJIBHHKOBl, HpE- 

ciaBJieHHLix'b Kb HBHy paAH 8a6aB£i, iiyqnji'b co6aRi» h RomeK> 
H lOTOB^ 6hj[i> 6pocaTbCfl ci> RyjiaRatfE Ha iiaTB. Oeohihbi Koe- 
Kaia Kopnyci, owh Bumeji'b vh o^nu,efu na KaBRasi, otjih- 
RBjicA BeyKpoTBMoi OTBarofi, ^'6mi-to Bpo^i ({imeHCTBa xpa6- 

pOCTB ApeBHflX'B BHKHHrOBl, nOJiyHHAl FeoprlH, nO^TH BC6 Hir6- 

sdc npoflrpajii bi> Kapu, seHHJotcH jiirb copoEa; AOSA&^ca poae< 
AeHDi CBiea BHBTopa h ORonqiurb hhshb sa Eapiowuirb cto- 

JIOHl, XBaTHBl 6yTUJIE0ft B% TOJOBy 6aHKOM6Ta R nOJXy^MB'B Bit 

OTR'firb yji^api manmoft. 

Gam ApKaAift CTenaHOBH^i Hajio HanoMHHajrb xapaKrepom 
OTi^a H 6paTa,— OB'S, bm;^iho, yHaas^AOBaji'b KpoBB MaiepH h 
6a6BH. Ho H y Hero 6uBajiH BcnumKH, Tpy^HO noAnaBaBmiflCH 
BJiiflHiK) BoaiH, Aft en^e Eana^-To HanycEHaa BH'iniHHH cypoBOCTS 
A^Jiajia ero OT?acTH hoxoshmi Ha np6AE0Bi> BaRyjiOBUxi^. 3Ta 
cypoBan BHi^niHocTb OTcrpaHHjLa Aase ceHefiHurb, h tojibro OAHa 
TcHi!, 6uBajio, He Bd^pHjia vb cypoBocTb OTita, pasraAas^ ^yr- 
sHiTb seHCEHM'B cepAe^Eoirb TenjioTy Aynm ApicaAU CTenaHOBaqa. 

Ohi Morb 6bi cqHTaTb ce6si CBo6oAHbiirb otb npoKjiAT^ th- 
roT^Bmaro naA'b Bciirb poAOMi... Ho oho CBasajnocB vh ero 
ceHbi Bi APJi'OMb BHAi: jii&TE yiiHpajiH oaho sa ApyrsHi, on 
Hacju^ACTBeHHoft HaxoTEH, — Aapft Maiepn. 

Ob ysacoiTb h 6e3HaAesHiiMi oTqaanieirb CMorp'&irb ciapHEib 
Ha ABa nocjii^AHHXi» oinpucKa BaKyjiOBCKaro poAa: cuna Bjia- 
AHMipa H HJieHHHHHKa BHETopa. dTorb HOCJii^AHiB nojry^HJTb vh 
Hacji^ACTBo orb EyTHjni oii^a JiHinb neOojibinoft xyTopi, Bepciaxi 
vb Tpexi orb XojiMOBii ApsaAiH GTenaHOBHqa. npesAO OHb cjiy- 

SHa'b Vb 0AH0H1> H3l apMeftCICHXl> niX0THUXl» HOJIEOBl, HO rOA'b 

TOMy HasaA'b Bumej'b bi» oTCiaBKy h npi'fixajrb sanHMaTbCH sen- 
jiOA^ieirb. 

XoBBftcTBo y Hero nuo nioxo; ^Totfu noAAepsaTL Heimoro 
njieMflHHHKa, ciapBK'b BasyjioB'b jifiLjPb euj bi noAapoKb hhtb 
Tucflqi R HociapajicH npHjracKaTb ero h npiyqHib Kb ce6i. Mo- 
jiOAoft BaKyjioBi), noBHAHMOMy^ noAAaBajiCH ero bjuhhIk), ho Ap- 
saAlB GienaHOBHii'b ci> ysacoMi sairi^ajii vb neirb rb se ^epTii 
Heo6y3AaHHbix'b xejianit, t^ me BcnumKH 6i^meHCTBa, hto h y 
Eropa GrenaHOBHqa. HnorAa BhetopI) RasajiCH nojiHuirb cep- 
Ae^naro nyscTBa, a^A^ owb BUEasuBajTb jnotfoBb, nopbiBHCTyH), 
HepBHyH), HO^TH CTpacTHyio... Ho Tyxb se OHb nepexoAHjrb ne^ 
p^AKo Kb BocnoMHHaHiiiMi 6esnyTHoft shseh oTi^a h nposjut- 
HajTb ero h ce6fl. 

— ^al — BScrynjieHHo Kpnqaji'b owh na Bospasemn j^xa^ 
XBarafl ce6B sa ^epHue, rycrue h bojchhctho bojiocu. — Eiiy xo- 
pomo 6ujio HOTatb Hanpaso Aft najii^Bo, a hu ci uaTepbK) ro- 
jiOAajiH, Aft) rojiOAaJiH! BuBaao CHAHmb h njraHemb: «MaMa, xa- 
HoqEa, roj[ytfuEi, Hano^Ea, xjdl6i(a 6hi xoTb Hei[H0seqE0»... 



96 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO 

— A TBI npocTH, BHRTop-b, npocTH, no3atfyflB. 

— npocTHTBl— BaiTb 3T0 jierKO CKasaTBy HO H He Mory 
no8a6uTB, ne Morj, He Moryl ^a bbi snaeTe-jiH, ^to noKoAHEi^a 
xaTB Fb noAeHiqHiiEii HaHHuajiacb bi* Tn^jiHcfi, npaqRoS Ha pisrft 
^ijLbe nojiocEaja, npoAaib ce6si roTosa 6EiUia, HTotfii xeHH ne 
jMopHTb Cb rojiojy... A bu roBopHre— npociHTb. 

— dji>y BEKTopi, BHKTop'b, B^A^ Bce 9T0 Hponuo, Bce 
yjasHJiocb. He ipeBosb Rocrefl OTi^a cb MaTepbio. 

— yjiaAHJiocb, 6jiaT0AapH Bairbl.. HnEorAa vwb He sat^uTb 
sameft homoh^h, ahaa, HHEorxa, HHRorAal 

H CO cjieBaMH na HepEuxi orneBUTb rjnasarb OHb Bb HCRpeH- 
Hevb nopuBt i^'ftjiQBajrb pyRH crapiiRa. 

— A Bce Ke... a H Tcnepb He yAOBjieTBopeffb, — roBOpHjrb ohi 
xajrle.,.-r-9 ne Mory sat^UTb, hto, ecJiE(^u ne OTeirb, a 6£iJi'b 
6u Tenepb 6oraTb; 6buo 6ii y MeHH OrpaAHoe, h IIoRpoBCRoe, i 
HaftstcHoe. A a... a&9 ^ jhoSjih) xeHbrH, 6oraTCTBo... 

CTapBR^ rpycTHO pasAyHUBajrb o lOMb, qio npHAerb, 6hm 
uoserbi Bpeiia, h BHRTOpyi a ne BojioA'i^ AocianyTCH h Xojnni, 
H ^ajiLHHH, H P&?Ra. H OHb BssparHBajTb orb BcerAamHaro 
CTpaxa. HnorAa vb Ranpi, vh CHi^EjdH, Ha ior& ^pani^iH aor- 
Topa roBopHjiE euy npo RkaAHiiipa: 1 9, nojiHOTe, ohi SAopoBi; 
npoi^eccTb ocTaHOBEjrcH, dojiisHb napajiE30BaHa». H oTet^bosH- 
BajTb, Ha^HHajTb He^taTb o BOSBpanieHiH vb poahuh Micra, no- 
BBOjaj'b ce6'& o6pan;aTb BHEManie na to AypHoe, hto Baiiiqajrb 
vh xapaRTepi BjaAEHipa, cnopHJn Cb HEirb, AORasuBaji, TpeOoBajrb, 
^To6u OHb caAHjLCH 3a RHsry, npErjamaji'b y^Erejieft. Ho naAesAa 
<$ucTpo CMiHajiacb ysacoirb. HepfiAKO ApnaAift CTenaHOBHTb 
npocunajiCH cpeAH hohe e cpasy HaHEHajTb npEnoMEHaTb ce&i^ 
saffb mjia 6ojiisnh y npoiEx^ ero A'iTeft. Onb BcnoiiEHajrb, hto 
H HExi Bpa?H roBopEJifl yri^EQETejibHOf HO yrimeHiii ne no- 
irilmajiE EiTb Bcim yHepeTb cb apREirb pyMUHiieHi na npospan- 
MUTb n^oRaxi, eb nypnypoBUME ycTaME. Offb BcraBajrby men 
Bb ROHHaxy cuHa e npEruAUBajiCE Rb ero lOHOMy, Kasajiocb 6u, 
CBftseMy JdEi^, npECJiyniEBajicE vb coHHOMy ero AmaniH) e ipe- 
neiajTb, ecjiE cjmmajrb xpEnoiy Bb ero rojioci.- 

Gi rpycTbK) coBHaBaacH ce6t ApRaAift GTenaHOBETb, ^ro, 
RaRi HE Aoporb oMy cuHb, Offb He saMiHEerb eHy npoiEXb ero 
A^Teft. ^TO-To 6iuo TaRoe bo BjiaAEMipi, ^to onya^ajio ero 
orb OTi^a: RaRaa-io deaqyBCTBeHHOcrb, xojioAHOCTb, ito-to ee- 
<$EjiH)6EBoe E no^TE secTORoe. Offb He xoTijTb H He yxijcb mr 
CRaTbCH Kb OTnj petfeHROiTb E 6yAT0 fle i^'isEXb 3a6orb on^a 
BnocjT&ACTBiE, RorAa Bsipocb. Bi nevb OTcyTCTBOBaio to ^Tbe 
cepAi^a, ROTopoe 6e8omE6oHHo Bjienerb HOJiOAesb R!b rfiirb, kto 
ee aio6Hrb. A sarlMi bo BjiaAEnipi noEBEjiocb e en^e ff&vro ROBoe, 
HTo rjnytfoRO oropnaao ciapERa, — HJieflHO, crpansoe npefle6pexe- 
Bie Vb HHsmeiiy, pa6o^eMy Rjiaccy. Bi npocrowb napoA^ Bjia- 



PACDJIATA. 97 

XBnipi ApsaxBeBHTb He bhx'&ii juoxet: xu Hero 9to 6wai no- 
jjSHBOTHUfl, nojiyjuoAH, paca, otipeneHHaH na cjiyseme BsCpan- 
HUtfb. Hh aoboau padcyxKa, he fojiocb cepwa, mi KotopoMj 
cTapajicii npHfiiraTB OTeiti, HxeajtBcn copoKOBUx'b tojuowl^ ne B'b 
eHJiaxi> 6ujiH noKOJietiaTB bsfjejiau cuHa na dtorb npeAnerb. 

— Bu AJMaere TaKi>, — cnoKoflHO h HacTaBBxejiBHO Bospasaji^b 
•Hib, — a H nosBOJUO ce6i yKasaTB sairb, no jiioah h noyiinie 
MeHH cb BaMH He corjracHU. Dpo^THre nocjiiAHK)K) CTaTbio b% 
tEaBicrikxi*. CorjiacHTecb, ^to BeAen hxi nejioBiKb BUAaio- 
Btarocfl yHa.— Ho, b^ab, ohi se otfcKypanrb h EpinocTHHKib, 
9T0T1> TBOfi BUAaK)QVifiCfl,— ropiiujicji OTei^. 

— Mh^ bto Bce paBHO, b naxosy, ito ohb npa^B. IIocmo- 
TpHie, — WURO SA^B, Bi> HTajdH, TA^b KyjiBTypa ysi KOHeqHO 
Bume Hameft, rA% HapoAi* CBo6oAeHi» a^bho, h 8a:6cb HHsmie 
KJiaccu, BTO BoojiorH^ecKift caAi)!- ^to se roBopHTB o HainBX%l 

H OHB CTOAjii Ha CBOOMi. PejiBriH sanpen^aerb cqHTaxB cedn 
Bume APyrBxi? IIpeKpacHO. Ho pejuam 9to oaho, a a^Bctbb- 
TejcbHOCTB Apyroe. ^hshb peajiBHaA ho noAAaeiCfl roroBuirb ^op- 
vyjiaHi. 

— HapoAb HBAO BocHETUBaTB, pasBHBaTB? A dio aaqiirb? 
xaicaH nijib? Ecjih eiiy xopomo, dTOHy sHBOTHOMy, bb jomaAHHOt 
pa6oTi no CyAH^irB h bi> nBUHCTst no npa8AHHKa]n>, laKB sa^i^icB 
oipiiBaiB ero orb shshh, BOTopaA eMy HpaBBTca? HycTB pa6o- 
Taerb h nycTb nbHHCTsyerb. MipoBun BAes, nporpeccrb yua, 
ABHsenie BnepeA*B» — Bce bto yAiJi'b HeMHorHxi, BsCpaHHbix'B, 
xoTOpue, npflHABi> na cbob njreu lArocTb noanaHiA Ao6pa ■ 
Bja, necyn e npoKJiBiie sa dro nosHanie.*. 

MucjiH ApBgAi^ GienaHOBEia nepemjDiH Kb BOcnoMBHamBMi 
o ceroAHBmHeEi seqepi, o cjiOBaxi BjnaAflHipa nacqeTb npeAnojia- 
raeMofi seHETbtfu. H ohhtb ciapEKy cxajio HeBBipasBMo Cojibho h 
BE^CTi sajib cuna. HoHeEy ohi xo^btb jiEmETB ero paAOCToft 
jk)6bh? Eto A^^JTb eny npaBO paspymaTB cnacTBo lejoBl^Ka, ko- 
TopoMy, 6uTB Moserb, e xhtb-to ocxaBajiocB ya^e ne AOJiro? A, 
6uTB Moxerb, cnoKoflnaH, ceEefinaH SH8Hb/j[EHH06 cnacTBe axo 
E ecTB TO i^ijreCHoe, ^to nysHO BjaAflEipy ji^lh oROHnaTeJSBHaro 
yKptnjDieBiA SAopoBBH. Ho rjiaBHoe bb toeb, hto OTi^y neBupa- 
BEEo HajiB cuHa, oropqeHHaro ero pi^sKHEb ORpHROEb. 

ApRaAifl GTenaHOBflqb saserb CB^qy h, CesmyEHO cxynaa 
EflrKHME ly^jiAEE, EBAJieHHO HanpaBHacB qepesb i^jiBift pba'b 
BUCOKHX'b, norpyseHHBixx Bb TCEHOiy HoqH, ROEHarb AOEa Ha 
EOJiOBHHy cuHa. Roe-rA'6 CKpHH'^jia noJioBEita, e bxo AaieRO or- 

AaBHJIOCb Bb yHBIJIUXb nOKOAXb, HaAbROTOpUEH 6yAT0 Bi^AJHO KpUJiO 

CEepiH. OcTopoacHO oiBopDBb ABepb, ciapHRb Bomejib Bb cnajibHJK) 
BjiaAHEipa. MojiOAoft qej[0B:fiRb cnoKOflHO cnajii, OTKHHyBi na- 

BEAb RpaCEByiO rOJIOBy Cb BMO^BEBCA teEHUEE BOJIOCaEE, Clb 

^jitAuuMB, lenepb coBciEi» 6e3K obehee ^exaEE, cb CHHeaoft y 

H 1. VAiJi^ i« 7 



98 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

rjiasi. Ho dxo EpacHBoe jansft npoHSBOSuJio TenepB noiTs oiv 
TajiRHBaioiitee BnewTJi^Hie. npH yrjiaxi pia noflBSJiHCB Asi crap- 
HecRifl, 6pH>3rjrHBiiH MopoqHHEi, Ha;rb dpoBHMH jierjia uo6ea& 
cEjii^Ka; Bce jiHi^o BUAftBajno ^To-TO raiBHoe, HeMHjiocepAHoey no 
TaHJUocB vb Ayni'6 cafl^aro. ApKajpft CTonaHOBHn npHCiajiBHo 
BTJiHffijiCH BB jini](o cuHa H qjTB He BCspnEHyn. 9to 6hLjn> nopr- 
peTB, BtpnaH Konin jiHi^a npaA^A^ HBaea. Ta se secTKan, xo- 
jioxHafl Kpacota, la se neyMOJiHMafl 3Jio6a. 

CnHqift noni6B6JiBHyjicH h cjierEa BSAoxayn. H loiqacB ace 
nponajio ero cxo^ctbo cb aopTperoHB apexKa; j[hi(0 npoflCHK- 
jiocB, MopiitEHUHarj[aAaju[CB...ApsaAlft CreaaHOBHU xot&ib 6iuo 
yfiTH, HO BjiaAHuipi B^pyrB oxKpujTB riasa h cpasy cin na 
nocrejiH, 

— Bh, tfaironiKa, hto? — cnpocHJTB oh-b, 

— Hniero, HHHoro. IIpHinejrB norjiflxitBy cnoRoteo jm tei 
CHHinB. SHaeniB mok) npHBii?Ky... 9 Bce 6e8noEOK)CB| qio okojo 
Tofifl HiiB HHKoro. XoTB 6u RysBHy TBI RjiajiB SA^CB BB sop- 
psAopi. 

— 3y noJiHOTe, b^aB) fl ne najieHBKift. 

CxapBKB Ci^JIB Ha KpOBaTB CBIHa. 

— A CBaaEH, ETC sEe ara A^syniEa? 

— AtfasoBa, cjjsjm bb BacHjiBOBCEi SHaeie? 

— Hy, EaEB He SHaTB... 3to tu npo CTapmyH) ero CapunnnD, 

BHAHO? 

— Jl^a. OjiBroft AjieEcieBHoft soByrB. 

CxapHEB HOMOJBLHajlB. 

— Hy, iTo asB, Fochoab Te6n coxpaHH... A a... ne tfyAj 
KimaTB Te6i... — npoHsnecB oh*b BHesaoHO AporayBniHirB roiocoiA 

H Ep^HEO O^HHJTB CUHa. 

III. 

Bb yisAHOMB ropoA'6 BacHJiBeBCEi, EasercH, yse ne 6iuo 
HH OARoro ?ejioB:fiEa, EOiopuft xotb pasB bb shshb He Cusb 
npHsusaeMB bb Eaxepy ificxHaro cyABH. CaHoro ACasosa hheto 
He MoFB npeACiaBETB ce6'fi HHane, saEB cyAbeso, h He mofb npoA- 
ciaBHTB xaEse BacHJiBeBCEa 6e3B' cyABH AjiesciH OeAoposHqa. 
«BoHB HAexB AjieEcift OeAopoBH^B, cyABfl*, — rosopHjra o6uBa- 
xejra, hjih: cnpHXOsy bb synajiBHio, a xaMB cyABJi>. 

3x0 6ujiB qejKOB^EB jiixB sa mecxBAecHXB, sucoEift, xyAOc^a- 
B£ifl, cjierBa cyxyjiiafi, cb jiucHHoft bo bck) rojioBy, cb AJi^HHHofiy 
npHMo BHH3B onycEasineftcH ao nojidBnHU rpyAs 6opoAoB jcona- 
Toft, puseBaxofi, ho bb nacxoHiitee BpeHH HanojiOBaHy cijipi. 
^ejnoB^EB OHB 61JJIB cnoKOfiHuft, ypasHOsi^ineuHUft, nsfeHHO xa- 
Kofl, KOXopoMy cyAb6oft Hasnaqoiio cchokoSho 3p'6xB na npaBHX^ 

H BflH0BHLIXB>. Ho, OAHHEO, CUOKOJ^CXBle 9X0 HBJDLHJIOCB, 6uih 



PACHZATA. 99 

Momen, He ctojibro npEposcAeHHUM^, crojibko Bfiipa6oTaHHuirb, 
<$j[aroAapH nojiosemK) h o6cTOATej[bCTBairb. AtiasoBf naxo 6ejjio 
coxpaHflTB CBjiu, Tro6ii cjyacHTb h cjiystfoft Ao6uBaTb Kycoicb 
xji'fiSa AJifl ceMBH. He ctojebko AorawBoiHCb o6i> BToirb, ckojibbo 
noqjBCTBOBaBii, OHi nosexHory oTcrpaHEjirb ce6n no bobmoshocte 
on Bcero, ^to iiorjio HapymaTB ero cnoKoftcTBie. Ohi Aftse 6yATo 
nepecTajTb AyvaTb o a^thxi, o ceni, OTxaBoiHCb Bcei^tjio cj[y»(5i, 

HCTOqHBKy SHBHeHHUXb CpeACTBl. n, BUftcri CI BTEMb, BOHe- 

MHory sarjioxjiH vh neirb wA 6fiijniji Meqru o js^HOirb c^acTbt, 
HaxesA^ Ha fijiecTBn^H) Aopory, na cjiyse^HUB ooBunieHiH, na- 
rpiuiu> OTJLimiB. He o ^eMi aroirb HejiBSfl 6£iJio AyxaTb, — ^cjiHm- 
Kom paspociacb cenbH, ne Ex^Bman hhuxi cpeACTBi Kb jkeshe, 
jcpoMt sajioBaHbE AjieKciH OeAopoBEqa, h npHTOEi» sajotoBaHbA 
oqesb He6ojcbnioro. 

PoBHo BTb BoceML HMovb yTpa BcraBajib A6a30B'b, nHjrb qaft 
a HaqEHajTb HieHie raseru; B'b A6BETb mejrb vb saxepy, noMt- 
ntaBmyiocB pBAOirb, bo ^jrErejii, sa tomi se ABopi. TaEi obtb 
npeHExajTb npocExejieft, npoBipfljrb HacTOJibHtie, noAnncuB'ajrb 
6yiiarH h pastfapajii xHstiu. Ecjie ace BUAABaiacb CBoCoARan 
HHHyra, to AoqEiUBajTb rasoTy. Ho he B-b KaROtfb cjiyqai osi> 
He yxoAEJTB H8i> RaHepu paHbine eojdiobhheiI nepBaro. Bb qaci 
ero BBajiE otitAaTb. Hocjii^ o6iA& OH'b ch qeiBeprb qaca Ape- 
¥ajrb vh Bpecjax'b, noTOHb ejie osHTb inejrb bb KaMepy, ejie 
ryjuijrb neAOJiro no ropoAy, noToarb qatajTb ceHaTCKiH ptmeaiH, 
nporjEAKiBaarb TSfipujAxpu, OTMtqajiii no heeb, qro saAO, a Beqe- 
poMi pacKJota^iiBajTb naccbAHCi, xeacAy TtEi Kan sesa npoBopno 
nocryKEBajia BflsaxbHiiMH cnniiaMH, a cxapmafl Aoqb Ojibra qE- 
HHJia A^TCRoe 6ijibe. ^Ba pasa bb nejsfkjm owh yxoAsn bb Bjiy6b 
Ha naprifio (^esEKa, b bts neqepa 6EiBajiE J^Jls^ nero otauxoeb, 
ocBtoenieM^. Tps pasa bi» roA^, Bb A^Hb EEeHEHi ero, sohu 
evo RaTepHHU HBaHOBBU h AoqepH OjibrE, co^EpajiECb e Kb hhhii 
HE Kapru, E AHE BTE HSBicTEBi 6ujiE Bcoxy TopoAy He no poc- 
xooiB yacEHOBb) a noTOxy, qio AftBajrb bxi ne rto ehoA, KaKi 
cHanrb cyAbH>. 

RoFAa Ajiecift OeAopoBEqi oxAuxajorb nocjri o&bjifl,^ aojiy- 
jreisa vb arpoxHOxi> Rpecjii, cxapoiie yBOARjiE A^xeft bb saAHiE 
KOXHaxBi, a KaxepflHa HBanoBHa HaqaHajia cjitAEXb no qacaxB, 
Aepsa Exi aji^h axoro bb pyK'fi, ne npocsyiic}! jis <naa3qKa>, e 
HicKOJibRO pasB noxflxoHbRy Ha itEnoqRaxB npo6Epaj[acb rb abb- 
pExi> RafiEHexa BsrjiHHyTb tia xysa. KaRB xojibKo ohb oxKpu- 
Ban rjiasa, ona, Hecxoxpn na cboh> xyqHOCXb, 6:&sajia bb A'i^T- 
<;KyfOy saAuxancb e BOJunyECb, e xoponiEBO roBopEJia: 

— UanoqRa npocnyjicEl Ojih, lOienbRa, JlEAoqRa, nocRoptfi 
KBacy... 

^'6BymKH xaRse xoponjiHBO mjiE bb RyxHfo, HajHEBajiE xoaoa- 

7* 



100 P7CGK0E BOrATCTBO. 

Haro KBacy bi CTaKasb h hocih oTi^y, KOTopjuft BunseajTb era 
oxHHin ayxoM-b. ^jj4^v ^ 

EorAa ceubSL CHA'^a aa o($iAOir& hjih ysAHOM'b, KarepHHa 
naaHOBBa eme HdAajui, wb pyKax'b Hecmeft Cjieoao npncjiyrH hjir 
OAHOft H8% AO^epefiy HaH'6^ajia lynmifi BycoRb a luiajia ero na 
TapejiKy Mysa. A oH'b bo^th tfescossaTejibBO hphebbumii Bcb 
9TB 3a6oTU, fjBaae no saAynuBaHCB BaAi Bonpocoirb, xopomo 9T(> 

HjaH AyPBO. Oh1» ^yBCTBOBaJLl, HTO TaiCb H A0JI3RH0 6hah B HTO 

Bi> aroiTb saKjiioqaeTCJi BpaBCTBesBoe yAOBjieTBopeBie b ycaoKoe- 

Bie C6HBB, SBAaU KOTOpoft 6ep6qb H XOJIBTB OABBCTBeBbarO Kop- 

MHjiBi^a, OTi^a. 

Hy ecjiB AjieKciH) OcAopoBBqy cjnynajiocB bbiAtb b3i Ka6B- 
fleTa Cb sBjteTRofi bb pyjcaxi* h BosBaiB cbobitb cnoKoflfluirb 
rojLOCoiTB Oj[Bry, Tro6Bi oaa npBinBjia eny aa SBJier^ nyroBBiiy, 
saKoft npecTyBBBi^efi CHBiajia ce6H A'&ByxnKa sa to, hto fle ocmo- 
Tpijia OAeasAy OTua, sacTBBBJia ero caiioro saiiiTBTB yiiiep6'Bl A 
lUTcpBBa llBaHOBBa Bi) aTBXi> cjyqaiix'B ropecTHO h coKpymeHHo 

BCtUiAUBajia TOJICreHBEBMB B KOpOTKBMB py^EaHB. 

— EaTiomKB hob! bIab, Kaicb Ba rpixB, Bce Aase^a orju- 
A&ta, a npo «BJieiEy-To h nosafiujia... 

Ci ceHefiHEiiMB AseKcift OeAopoBaqii bo^tb bb o ?eHB Be 
pasroBapflBajii h AepsajiCH otb bbxi> eak% 6yAT0 bb cTopoB'6, 
BO B 9T0 jiBoiB A^ TOFO, HTotfu Bcero ce6H OTAaaaTB OABOMy 
A&iy— cjiy»6'6 npB bojiboitb AyniesHoirB paBBoaicifl. J^iia noA- 
xoABjifl yTpoHii B se^epOMB noi];ijioBaTB ero pyxy. MjnaAQiBXib 
owb HBorAa rjiaABJi'B bo iiBrKOBOJuocuM'B roJiOBKaMB, b a^tb yxo- 
ABjiB orB Bejo, ropAUfl dToft jiacKofi: co CTapmBHB offb i^tjio- 
BSJiCA MOJiqa. KptuRO CBJio^eBBafl ceMBfl ero sajia OTA^JiBBOio, 
licBOH) acBSBBH). Oiei^'B 6ujrb rAib-TO aa BucoTi, cyB^ecTBOMi^ 
oco6limi, BepeAi> KOTopuHi npeBJiOBiijiflCB, aa KOTopoe qyTB ae 

UOJBJIBCB. 

H TOJiBso pasi Bi> roAi» AjieKc:fifi OoAopoBB^i OTpimajicB otb 
o6uuaro BpenHnpeapoBoaKAeaiB, BMeaao nepeAi) CBBTKaafl. Obi^ 
jixajii TorAa bb MocsBy noKyaaTB aceB:6 a a^tami noAapBa aa 
L'jLKj. Ho a KdLKb me crpaAajia TorAa cepAi^earb Rarepaaa Haa- 
flOBBa, BpeA^yacTByB, hto, noacajiyft, AjteEcifi OeAopoBaqB obbtb, 
KaBB Bi B03aaponijioirB roAy, KynflTB JlflAO^Rdft bm^cto nyjiBOBi^ 
bocbb, yBipAH, qTo bto moabbio qyjiKB, ajia npaaerB caj^^^Ka 
aa BOJiOTeBi^a. Ho npeAiioacBTB aysy ci>:b3ABTB BaicTo aero ob& 
ae pimaiacB. dm noisAsa Afiasoaa CA^JiajiacB qiicB-To TpaAB- 
lUOHBUHB, ocBfln^eBBuirB roAaaa, Aa, Kpoai Toro, AjteKctfi 6e- 
AopoBflqB flCKpeaao Ayvajt'B, qxo Jty^ine a A^nieBjie aaETO ae fb^ 
cocToaaia KyasTB. 

Earepaaa HsaaoBaa aaorAa po6Ko aosBOJiajia ce6i aaao- 
lAflBTB aysy: 

— Tu, aaao^Ka, caoTpa, Bu6epB jiflA lOjieaBica Hero ao* 



PACIWATA. 101 

CBiTJiie; s^BOHKi^, Bi^AB, TOJiBKo nflTHaAi^aTuft roj(B; a to tu bi 
npomioiTB roAy npHBe3i» eft Ha njiaTBe no P76JIH) AsaxiiaTB mecTH, 
a coBciiTb crapjine'iBeft... A yacB MHi, nano^sa, HH^ero ho 
flyacHO, fl o6oftsfCB«.'. $ 91 

Ha HTO AjOEcifi OesopoBE^b Cb yjiutfKofi npeBOCxoj^CTsa ot- 

BiWJTB: 

— Tu MOHfl, HaiyniKa, vb newh Apyn)]rB, a bi> drovb ne 
y«.., Yai KynHTB yiiiio. ^to yiAH), ToynftK)... ^a h noKynaio 
TO H y UaHBpaTOBa, a ci hhbitb mu ^tb ABa^iiaTb snaROMU... 

Owb npHBosu^ noAapKH h cb ropAejiHBoft ycHiaxKoft noKa* 
dUBajDL'B Hxi no ceKpeiy xevtb. RaTepnHa HBanoBna, pasrjHAu- 
Baa MaTepiH, cnpamHBajia: 

— HoqeiTB njiaTHjTB? 

— A Hy, yra^aft. 

— CopoKb nflTB aajTB? 

— 3XB, Tfill.. COpOBB HHTB... UOAH KynE 8a COpORB nflTB... 

Ho ceiiHAecflTH no jsfifb, iiaTymRa, no ceMEAecATH no Ast. S to, 

TOUKO JSfiA MOHH... 

KaTepHHa HBanoBHa tojubro BSAuxajia, 6ohcb orop^MTB Mysa. 
A C^AHan OjiBra roAa ABa-Tpa HasaAi* nofinajia c65h na mo- 
jiHTBi: — FocnoAH, CA^aft, ^to(5ii nano<iRa KynHjTB Mni qero- 
HH6yAB noj[y^me... 

Eft CTaJio H cuimno na ce62, n cteiaho... ^iBymrt xori- 
jiocB 6u HHoft pa8i> HaA^TB xopomeHBKoe naaTBe, ho o^HOBRy 
OHa nojiyqajia tojibko Kb cBATRairB, a nano^sa HHorAa BOSBnerB 
Aa H KynHTB qero-Hn6yAB neBOSMOSHaro... MesAy t^mb^ CRasaiB 

HOJIBSfl H BB BTOft O^HOBRi HaAO TaHIfOBaTB Ha CBflTRaXB y 3Ha- 

xomm. 

BnpoHeMB, OjiBra npsBHRjia mhphtbch cb diairB. Bb a^mt- 
HaAi^aTB xhTb OHa 6um HOBEicoROft, xpynRoft na bqa'b A^ByniRoft, 

XOpomO CJIOSOHHOft, CTpoftHOft, CB 6ij[ORypoft rOJIOBROft H BAyH- 

"■iHBBitfH cikpo-rojiy6EiiHH rjiasaMH. Ona amho ysce bc^hb cepA- 
xieiTB cjiHJiacB cb 3a6oTaMH iiaTopH, ssfljia na cboh pyRH Bocna- 
Tanie h oCy^eHie MJiaAmnxi A^ieft, oxcTpanaBB otb aiaxB xjio- 
noTB 6oj[i3HeHHyK) RaTepHHy HaaHOBHy, ocTanoBajiacB bb CBoeirB 
acencROMB pasBHTia h CTajia cieneHHoft, pascyABTejiBHoft <6a6yai- 
Rofti) RaRB HasBajTB ee cTapmift tfpaxB JIoohhab. OjiBra ocxa* 
BHjia ce6i oaho yAOBOJiBCTie — noTani^OBaTB pasa ABa-Tpa vb toa'b 
na BBHepaxi y snaROHBixB, a ocxajiBHoe Bpean OTAasajia ypo- 
EaiTB CB HJiaAmaHH, noiHHRi^, a nnorAa h ciapR'fi hxb 6ijiBH| 
xyxni H safSoxaiTB o6i OTi^i. THMHasHCTRH K)jieHBRa a JlaAOiRa 
noHorajLH eft, ho 6u3in emfi cjiamROirB mojioabi aj^^ aioro, h bch 
THsecTB AOHamHHro xosaftcTBa jiosHjiacB na xyAeHBRia njieqH 
OiBra. flfi,7Bie MyssiRy, RoxopyBO ona jao6nj[SLj h xy npanuioc^ 
8a6pocaTB. HeRorAa 6ujio. 



102 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

HHorAa, vjiHjxfi Ha xoxotjhbk) K)jieHBKy, Onra ho to c^ 
rpycTBH), He to Cb yAHBJieHieirb cnpamHsajia ce6fl: 

— HeysejiH h hhA TaKb ai^e xot6jiocb AypaiHTBCfl ro^a ABa- 
TpH TOMy Ha8a;p>? 

H A'^ficTBHTejiBHO, OHa npHHOHBHajra ce6i, qTo, eme koh- 
^afl rBMHasiH), ho yace dpbhabi> na ce6H SHa^HxejiBHyK) aojih> 
XOManiHBxi> satiorb, ona 6fiijia majiOBjsiBBa h pd^ssa. Ho see 9to 
EaKb-TO cpasy BC^esjio, KorAa OHa oEOHqaiejLHo npeAajiiacB saSo- 

TaiTb AOMi. 

OHa He 6£ijia ocotioHHO 6oroHOJibHa. ho juafifljia, Kaicb h 
en MaTB, xoahtb ko BceHon^Hofl. TairB, ctoh vb tohhohb yrojisi^ 
sa KOJiOHHofi, oO'h ycepAHo hojibjuicb. 7 EaTepHHU HBanoBHu 

MOJIHTBa COCTOAJa HSB H^faCEOJUBKEXB TOaBKO CJIOBBI 

— FocHOAH, cnacH h noiiBJiyft pa6a TBoero AjiOKciH h %aAB 
ero... 

A OjiBra coBc&MB ne npoBSHocHjia cjiobb, ho h en Ayma 
6iiua HOJina Tofl se MOJHTBoft sa pa6a AjieKcin h sa totb t&c- 

HElfl CeHOBHUft KpyaCOKB, KOTOpufi 6filjrB JlflB Hen U&IUICB HipoiTb. 

lY. 

Ha Apyroft AGHB, nocjii pasroBopa cb ote^ovb, BJiaAHidp'B 
BaKyjiOBB BOJ^B sajnosBTB jiomaAB h nanpaBBjicH fb BacejiB- 
encRB. Ho Aopori HexAJ XojuiaMH h ropoAOirb, bb AByxB sep- 
CTaxi> OTB nocjQL^AHHro cto^jtb xyiopB BBKTopa. BjmABMip^ 
ApEaABeBH^B jiH)6HjrB CBoero ABOiopoAHaro 6paTa, TpHAi^aTHTpex- 
siTBSiTOj nojiHOEpoBHaro H CHjibHaro ^ejOB^Ea, nyBciByn ero $h- 
SBHecEoe npeBOcxoACTBo, j[K)6y^CB na ero CHJiy... H TenepB ohb 
HopiniHjiB saixaTB na xyTopB no Aopori. KorAa BjaAHHipB bo- 
mejiB BB HH8eHBKi#, HajieHBEift AOMHEB 6paTa, cocTouBmift Bcero 

B3B TpeXB He60JIBniHXB EOHHaiB, KOppHAOpa H EyXHHy BHKTOpB 

CHA&iB 6e3B cfopTyxa bb spacHoft meAKOBoft py6axi^ h, hhsko 
HarHyBmHCB, pascMaTpHBajiB jiesan^aro nepeAB hhmb n^eHEa, ne 
Aanan nocji^AHeMy nepeBepnyTBCH co cnnHES na hofe h on^ynu- 
B&H ero Haj[HToe, noEpuioe leMHUiiH EopHnneBBiKH nnTHaiiH^ 

6pK)mE0. IIJ,eHOEB BHSSEajIB OTB yAOBOJIBCTBiH H HpHSHaTejIBHtfterH 

H, cxapa^CB HBornyTB nenoBopoTjHBoe tojictoo rfiAO; noEycuBaji'B 
BB BocToprf xosflftcByK) pyEy* 

— A, SApaBCTByft,— EpaCHBUMB rpyAHUlTB tiapHTOHOMB CEa- 

aajTB BHSTopB, HOAHHa^CB CO CTyjia.— A a, fajixh, EaEoro noA- 
jiei^a npiotip^B. EjioxaciB tojibeo oqenB. HItb, Aa tu norji^n 
xopomeHBEo; bbahhib, BesA^ 6opoAaBEH. 9to, 6pairB, tiyAerb 
HacTO^n^ift ropAOHB. 

— Hy, ocTaBB,— (JpearjiBBo otb^thjib BjiaAHiripB, oTCipaHM 
pyEoft n^eHEa, EOToparo Bhetopb hoahochjib ho^ith eb canoiiy 
ero JiHiiy. 



PACIUATA. 103 

— IlocjiyinaS, tbi noHioxaft, Kasi otb ero cnHHKH naxserb... 
A rjiasa, CMoipH, coBciicb nhHEue. 

— OeraBB tu uenn ci» CBonirb n^eHKOirb. A, sHaemb b^a^, 
He jiio6ETejiB co6aRi>... 

— 9x1, TU, 6ijiaH BOCTB... Hy, BiinbeirB nyniny, ^to-jih.., 
SI yacacHO paAi>, ^to tu npiixajrb... A y neHfl, heao Te6i sa- 

VktBJhy yAHBHTeJIBHBlft pOVB. CHJBiq'B KJUHHeiCfl, ^TO BO BCOft 
MoCKB'i TOJIBEO TpH 6yTUJIEH TaKOFO OCTajSOCB. 

Ha nynmi BjoiaABiiip'B corjiacHjic^, h Bhktopb loxqaci se 
icpHKHyjn» Bi) KoppHjopi CBOHiTB MoryuiTB MOJioABiitB roaocoHi: 

— JI^jBa, AaBaft caHOBapi trubMI 

— fly Te6fl jojiro ne npoCy^y, — roBopHJTB BJnaAHMipB, uo- 
xasBBaH no EOMHai^ h pasrjiHAtiBafl HHosecTBO pyacefi, ca,6exb, 

KaKHXl^O AOnOTOHHBIX'B nBCTOJieTOBB, HOSefl H EHHSaJIOBB, BE* 

ciBmHX'B AOBOjiBHO 6e3nopAAO?HO Ha crbvA. Bi> 6e3nopHABi 
tfiua H nocxejiB bi» coc^AHeft KOHHart h ctoflBmift veasAy Asyx'B 
oxoHB sejiTufi CKjiaAHoft o6iAeHHuft CTOJTB, sacTaBJieEHBift ocraT- 
KaMH ijsfiij EOpo6KaHH OTB nanEpocB, saBajieHHiafl npHHaAios- 
HOCTAKH OAea^u. 

— fl re6sL 6epy cb co6ofi, — npoAOJiaajTB toctb. 

— EyAa 8T0? 

— Bx ropoA'B, IIo^AeHi, noBa»y soe-soro. 

— A HMeHHO? 

— CyABH) A6a80Ba SHaeniB? 

— BcTpiqajix. A wo? 

— Hnqero. Botb yBHAEoiB. 

Bi EOHHaTy Bonaa MOJiOAan, netipesHO oA^xan sean^iHa, 
HpoBopHo H jioBEO npE6paj[a Ha CTOjri h npHHecsa caMOBapi. 
dro E tiujia Ta At^h, EOTopoft Beetop^ OTAajrb npEEas^B. 

EoFAa cavoBapi cran na ctojii'6 h oierEa npEHapaAEBmaflCE 
J(yHE saBapEjia laft e cbjia y CTOJia, saAyH^EBO norjiflABieaE wh 
OEHO ^epHUME rjiasaME, BjiaAflMipi>, ciBinift npoTHBi> sen y APy- 
roro OEHa, eobojibho sarjiflA^jicE Ba see, xoth BEAaJTB ee hojib- 
ROVB fl paHBme. 3to Cumbl aobojqlbho nojiHan seBn^EEa jAvb 
ABaAiiaTE mecTE, cb Horyqeft rpyA^B) h cb Toft OEpyrjiocTBio anHiS, 
KOTopaa sacTaBjujia saCuBaTB, qio^Bi btohi Tfijri cyniecTByioTB 
KOCTE, yrjiBi. EpacEBoe jieiio 6yAT0 ropijio CTpacTBio, pasAyBaio- 
n^MCB H03APE, qyBCTBeEEUE ajiuE ry6Bi iobopejie o saraeEHOirB 

— Tu qero Ea nee 8arjiEA*JiCE? — CEasajTB Beetopb, — xo- 
qemB, ycTynjuo? 

AyHE MeTEyjia na Hero omeBoft Bsopi. 

— fjiynocTeft-To He roBopH, CBasajia ona cepAETO.— BjiaAHMipi 
ApEaABHqi Ee Te6i CesnyrHOHy qera, cb A^BymEoft ne CEflserca. 

— Ah pasBi CB To6oft CBEsajiCE? Hy, HiTB, Ee lasoBCEifll 
Saxoqy, h eas ce6i na wb ^eTupe. 



104 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

— Gjiuxajia a sth pi^H. ^a Borb, BO8BH7 h He Hoftxy. 
BsKTopii sacififlicfl h xjioneyjrb ee jiaxoHBio no nojiHOiq^ 

OKpyrjioMy njie^y. 

— dx'B TBI, caxapHaA-MeAOBa^! Haci cb Tof^oft, A'^ByniKa, 
Hoprb BopeBoiKoft CBflsajn; Kyna tu, Tyxa h aL. 

^yHH cjierjEca nosejoia TenHoft; KpacHBo BupisaBHoft 6poBbK>. 
<J(a OHa xapaRTepaaHi, noAynajTb BjiasKidp'b h onsTb neBOJU- 
HO sarjiAA'^cfl Ha Hee. 

HeuHoro cnycra 06a BaKyjioBu ixajra ki^ roposy, k ebi 
saKHTH BjisuiHidpa noneiiHory yxoAHjrb o6pa3ii spacHBoft ^7^™* 
sair&HfliiCb ApyrHiTb, 6oji'be Aoporiirb o6pa80irB. 

— SHaemL, Koro h xo^y Te6i noKasaTB? — cnpocHjrb Bjia*- 
AHMip'b ApKaxBeBH^i. 

— Hy? — paBHOAyinHO 0TBiTHjr& fipan. 

— MOH) HOBiCTy. 

Bhktop'b Aa»e oTmaTHyjiCH. 

— %0 TU BSAOp'b ropOAHIEB? 

— H4TB, 6pairB, He BSAopi. IIpaBAy roBopio. 

— Kto ae »T0? 

— A BOTB; yBHAHiiiB. JlflHh A6a30Ba, OjiBra AjieKcieBHa. 

— H 9T0 npaBAa? 

— ^ecTHoe cjhobo. 

— Hy, nosApaBMK), nosApaBJUtio. ^aBaft Borb T66i. EorAa 
se dTO TU ycnijrb? 

— To ecTb H, BEAHmb-jiH, npoAAOseHiH-TO eqe ne jijbsBjeb. 

A TOJDEbRO CKOpO CA^JiaH). 

— A OHa corjiacHTca? 

— HaA:fiK)Cb, ^T0 Aft* Ho Kpafineft kbpi He BHsy npn^HHU 
KB oTKasy. 

— Fmb. S 6fl HO BHAajii HHKorAa. CjiuxajTb, no a^- 
Bynuca XHxafl, cKpoMHan. H xopoma? 

'— O^ieflb. 3to^ snaenib^ He fa EpacoTa, Koxopaa Bostfys- 
Aaerb cipacTb, a KaKaji to HHan, soiopan, snaeaiB, npoHERaexib 
^eaoB^Ka... 

EorAa BaKyxoBBi bxoahxh wb CTapenbEift AepeBEHHUft cb 

HH8KHMH HOTOJIEaME H HaJieHBESME OEHaME AOMB A6a30BU£b, HpE- 

Aanoe EaTepaHu HsanoBHU, Bhktopomb OBxaA^xo CesnoKoftCTBO, 

He TO P06OCTB, He TO SaCTiHqEBOCTby XOTfl MOJdOAOft leXOBiiCb 
6UJih BB CBOOHB pOA'6 HO apMeftCKE AOBOXBHO paSBHSeHB. 

— Hy, HAH iTo-jiH, — BHOxroxoca nporoBopHJTB BxaxHidpi, 
saMiTHBB CHyn^eHie 6paTa e HOAXBaTiiBan ero hoab pyEy. 

Ohb npeACTaBHaB ero xo3HftKi Aona, a saTiiiB h BBimeAiHeft, 
CKpoMHO, no AouaiHHeMy, oa'^toh OjiBr^. 

— 3tO eAHHCTBeHHBlft E3B MOeft pOAHE, — CSasaXB OHB ffi- 

BymBft,— npomy juo^etb h acaxoBaTB. 

OxBia BsrxHHyxa na BnETopa cbohmh xyiECTUEH, cbI^txeikk 



PACMATA. 105 

TJiasaHfl H npocTO, tfesi CHymieHiH noxajia eiiy He6ojiBinyK) spa- 
^CHBjK) pyKy. 

— O^OHB paw, — cEasajia ona, — noft^eiiTe dhtb qat. 

£fl roaocB, npsBd^TJiHBEift, THxift, jinoio bi> cb:^!^!^^^, npo(5TO 
iipH«iecaHHUS7i», cjiersa bojihectbix'^ BOJiocax^, cnosoftHoe, osa- 
peHHoe lymeBHUMi) MHpoirb^ npoHSBejiH na BHKTopa crpaHHoe 
Bne^aTJiiHie. Eiiy saxortjiocB y^epsaTB vb CBoeft orpoMHOft, 
CHjiBHoft pyKi MajBLeHBEyio pysy siiBymRH, npscrajiBHie bfjia- 
jjbThca Bi en CB^nue rjiasa. 

Bo BpeMfl ?aH, KOTopBift no o6u?aK) pasjUHBajna OjiBra, ona 

pasa ABa BsrjrflHyjia na BHKTopa h o6a pasa acTpi^THJia ero boc- 

zHmeBHuft BsrjiaxB. n BO BTopoft pasi, caiia ho SHan oT^ero, 

noKpacHijui. 

. A BEETopi no^eiiy-To pasBeceiKiCH^ nonyBCTBOBajTB wb 066*6 

UpHJUHBTB paAOCTH H CMiftjIOCTH. Oh% HaqajTB paSCKaSBIBaiB aH6K- 

jifyrUj yAaiHO npexcTaBEJii bi» jiHi][axi> acejiidHOAoposHyio cii[eHKy 
H £!» saKjrioqeHie nexypHo npon'bjTB, avKOnnaEHpya ce&b na 
poHJiH, ABa HOBBie poManca. H Bci, noAAasaflCB ero HacTpoeniK), 
osHBHaHCB, cTajiH BooojiBi, Ho^TH paAOCTHU. EojiH) ch Bapeft 
eABa KOFJiH yjiosHTB cnaTB, laicB hitb ho xot^ocb pascTaBaTBCH 

Cb HOBBIMl, MHJIUirB HXl COpAI^y, A>IA6ft, ROTOpuft, CBepX> C06- 

CTBOHHaro oaKHAamHy ysacHo nojiH)6HjrB hxi, oasaoii Kb oe($i 
Ha KOJiiHH, noBasBiBan dbsAy no yxa6aM'B. Ohi» h cairB ho msLXbj 
^To eity OTToro npijiTHO jiacEaTB A'i^Teft, %to ohh 6uaH ohohb 
noxosH Ha CTapmyio cecxpy: xa se qacroxa CBiuaro BsrjurAa, 
rb xe cjerica BBionuecA bojiocu. 

K)jieHBKa Cb JlHAO^Koft, o6i xopomeHBKiH, bocojibih h eo- 
nffSjanBusij — KaKB 6fiiBaioTB EOReuHBU 12—14 jArBie noA- 

POCTEH, — HeHOAJieHHO BJ[fi)6flJIHCB HB BOBarO SHaEOliarO H BOHO- 

poiTB; Jiesa b^ EpoBaTEaxi, aojifo hc hofjih ycHyxB, noBftpHH 
OABa Apyroft CBOH BneqauiHiH. 

KoFAa BaEyjioBu yse ho^bk) npontajucB, xosneBa cb oco- 
<ieHHiiH% paAymieMi) tfjiaroAapHJiH hxi* sa nocinieHie h npa- 
rjiamajiH HaBtn^aTB, a OjiBra hobojibho Epin^ie nosajia pysy 
BesTopa, OTqero toti noqyBCTBOBajTB ce6H cqacTJUBUirB. 

— Hy, qxo, saEOBa?— cnpamHBajn^ BjiaAHHipi 6paTa, EorAa 
OHH BtrbxajiH sa ropoAi. 

— IIpejieCTB, — XOT^JHOCB CEasaTB BHKTOpy, ho, BMiCTO BToro, 

OHB HoieMy-To npHTBopno siBHyjTB H npoHSHecB paBHOAyniHift- 
nnDTB rojiocoiTB: 

— Kto hxt) pastfepoTB, — bthx-b CapiimeHB? Te64 jnynnie 

BHAHO. BOTB, EoJIfl CB Bapoft— 3T0 H HOHHliaK)... 

06a on^TB saixajiH ei BHEiopy bbihetb HHBa, EOTopoe no- 
Aajia EiTB sacnaHHaH, neAOBOJiBHaa Aj^^i OA^xan fb 6ijiyK) Hoq- 
HyH) EO(]^y. BflExopi noiXH cb neHaBHCXBio noruA^^ na 

H00« 



106 PFCGKOB BOrATCTBO. 

— XoTB ($11 qyasoro nocmxffjtacB, npio^j^ijiacB 6bi^ — xiiypo 

npOBOpiajTB OKb. 

— Tu noiyHoiHvqaTB, a b offiBaftCH BCipinaTB Tefin!.. — 
orpusHjjiacB ona. 

BjnaAHidpii yi^xajTB sa nojraou. Bhrtop^ BumexB npoBo-^ 
AHTB ero sa Bopoia xoKa. Ho^ fiujia leMsaH, xicypaH, THxan. 
MopocHjTB AOSAHqeKi», na nepHOifib ropHSOHTft BcnuxHsajiH sap- 
HHi^u. Orb OKpyacaion^eft npHpoAU b^hjio nenajiBfo. 

BEKTopi AOJiro CTOfljTb sa Bopoxaifn, cjnymafl, RaBi> cxyqajtH 
no TBepxoft sopori KOJieca npojieiKfr, see cj[a6'6H SByKOirb b'b 
OTAajieHiH h, HaKOHei^, yiiojiKJiK sa JiicROsrB. JlaBemHee o»hb- 
jienie npomjio y BincTopa. TenepB Bce, — h npomexmee, h na- 
CTOfliiiee,H 6yAyn;ee npeACTasjiHjiHCB eny noAepeyTuuH aumkoA 
ne<iaj[H, OAHOo6pa8HoS, cipeHLKoft, Kaici Ta cftpaa sasica, ko- 
Topafl noKpuBajta He6eca. Thzo no6pejrb ohi aomoA h, ne pas* 
AyHUBan, jierb vb nocTen. 

Y. 

OffB sacHyjii TOTUCi, sairb y^HTuft, ho cnajrb ho CojAq nojiy* 
qacy h cpasy npocHyjoLCfl laKB, EaKi 6yAT0 h He sacunaji^b co- 
Bci^irb. Ohi sasoFB CB^qy^ nocMOTpijTB na nacs, BUKypHJi na- 
HHpocy H, saBepHyBmBCB vb ojs^hjlo ci rojiOBoft, nonpo6oBajis 
OHHTB ycHyTB, HO CKopo HOHjUTb, iTo csa y Hero He 6yAeTL. 
MucjiH ynopHO 6isajiE Kb BOcnoMHHamflirk o ceroAHflmHeifB 
Boqepi, AOMi A6a80BB[X'B, o6% Ojibfj^ h BjnaAHMipi. 

^- 9Koe cnacTBe BTOMy BojiOABKt, — AyMajrb oht>,— h neyxejH 
OHa nojiH)6Haa ero? B^a^ ohb, bb cyn^HOCXH, xoAHiafl 6ojii8HB: 
rjiHA^TB He na nxo. A A'i^ByniKa cjiaBHa^; npejiecxB A'^BymKa,— 
npoAoasajni oh7> Ay^axB h BApyrb nopiniHjrB, qxo eny naAO^ haxe 
Kb BjiaAHidpy e o6c7Aexb Bidcxi Cb hbitb Bonpoci o xenviTb&k 
ABOiopoAHaro 6paxa. Saq^irB sxo 6£Uio nysHo, BsBxcpi ne A&Bajrb 
ce6i oxqexa, a snajTB xojibeo, qxo eiiy xenepB ne sacnyxB h qxo 
eiiy xoqexcH bba^xb BjiaAEidpa h roBopEXB cb HEirb npo Oury, 
pascnpamEBaE, KaKi ohh ysnajiE Apyn Apyra h EasB eojuo^hjie. 

TaKb KaEi BEEXopB He npEBUEb nepeiri^HflXB cbohxii Bne- 
sanHuxi pimeHifi, xo e xenepB, AOJiro ne pasAynuBa^ o xomb, 
noxosi> JiE xoxB Ha qxo-Hfl6yAB ero HoqHoft besexi icb cnEntevy 
yse, BipoEXEO, tipaxy, tiiicxpo oa^Jich, BumejTB esi Aony s na- 
npaBEjicH H'&msoirb no Aoporfi Kb XojuiairB. 

Texan, Bjiasnaji hohb, onycxEBmaECfl na seiuiH) xyManaiCE^ 
oxBaxEja ero oco6eflHOH) 6oapocxbh), cjierKa ap^see BOo5paEce- 
sie^ BiisuBaE ycsjiessyH) pa($oxy cepAiia. 

— A b4ab, Bi cyntHocxH, dxo rjiyno cb Hoeft cxopoHH,— noAy- 
xajTB OBI, Eo EQqeify-xo jifisme npE6aBEjrB mary, sacyflyBi pysR 
BB KapnaEBi e noxExoHBEy nocBECxuBaE. . 



PACnJLLTA. 107 

— HHHero, -— nposojiacajTb offb MucjeHHO,— npoftA7 ^^P^^i 
caAii H BoftAj Kh BojionhiA ^epesi 6B^K0Wby lairb pi^^Ro saiiH- 
paioTB. A TO nocTjqycb vb okho. 

OAHaEO, coBtcTB Ha^nHajia noACKasusaTS eicy, ^to nejiino h 
($e3^ejioBiqHO Cjahtb hh cb xoro, he cb cero cnaatHX'b cpeAs 
uoiE H qTo Jiyqnie BepnyTBCH AOKoft. Ho Mucjib 06% OABHoqe- 
CTB^I tfujia Tas^B MyqErrejiBHa h TaicB xot^jiocb no^euy-To bha^tb 
BueHHO ceroAHH shbofo qejiOB^Ka, cb KoropusfB mosho 6u 6bijio 
noroBopHTB, qTo Bhktop^ OKoeqaTejiBHO nporaajTB on ce6fl na- 
MipeHie BepHjiBC^. 

OffB BcrynHJTB vb jAcokb^ nocjiiAHift nepeA'B napKoirB Xoji- 
MOBi H, npoflA^ H^ROjiBKo maroBi, BApyrB ocraHOBHACfl, BSApoiv 
njwb BciiTB r6j[oirB. Okojio Hero oqyTHjicfl KaROft-TO qejiOBtKi, 
HeasBicTHO oTEyAa flBHBmidcA, h nomejTB 6lijio ctb hhitb p^aomi; 

— Tbi kto TaKoft? — KpHKHyjii BHRTopi, qyBCTByji, wo no 
T^jiy ero npotfiacajEi HepsHBift o3ho6i»« 

— Bame SAopoBBO,— nocjoLuinajicii cjnan^aBufl h bh^ct^ sa- 
xajiBHBifl roJiocB, — flBHTe 6o2cecRyK) hejioctb, ho jifiAie nonid- 
HyTB Epen^enoft Aynii. Ohohho BBinHTB xohotca, aa ho na iro. 
Ra6Bi Bama hbjioctb passopHjiacB na py6j[eBoqKy... 

OffB He ycH'ijrB en^e OKOHqEXB bthxi cj[obi», Kasi Bhetoptb 
OAHHirlb HeoffiHAaHHUM'B ABHsemeiTB chjibhuxi h jiobkhxi pysb 
cxBaiHjQL'B ero csaAH sa jokth h, BCKHHyBi» cjierEa na BosAyxi, 
EaEB iiajiaro pe66HEa, rpysno nociaBEjii ohatb Ha hofh. H EorAa 
OffB CA^jiajii) 9T0, HeAaBHee syTEoe qyBCTBO cpasy saHiHBjiocB 
tfoApBiMi, paAOCTHBiMi onxyn^eHieM'B. 3jiio6bi Kb HaxaJUBHOMy cnyx- 
HHEy owb He qyscTBOBaji'B HBEaEofi; CEopie H^EOTOpoe pacno- 
Jiosenie. H noqeMy-xo bi yiit HejiBEHyjio BOcnoiiBHaHie A^y^^ 
pycuxi) rojiOBEaxi Cb jicbbimh rjiasEauH, laKi hoxoshmh Ha 
rjiasa Ojibph. 

— Xo^emB, BOSBiiy Aft b xpecny Te6^ 6aniE0ft hohb? — 
yse myTjQLHBO h Apy3EejiK)(5HO CEasajii BHSTopi, a^P^ka no npes- 
Heny, saEi bi Ejien^axi, jioeth HesHaEom^a; 

— ^afi noacajHieTe, Bame ciHTejiBCTBO,r— cnoEoftno otb^thji'b 
TorB, He A'^Jiaa hh najiifiniefi hohuteh bbicbo6oahtb pysH. 

— Tbi, h BHay, raejiBiia napenB, npoAOJiKajn) BHETopi^, — a* 
UHi JL^mift Te6H saimB... SI 6bi ji,M'b xefii, noacajiyfi, e py6- 
jieBsy,— AapoHi^ qio nocjiiAH^A, tojibeo 6oh)cb: BosBiiemB tu, Aa 
E HupHeniB KeHH, EaEi» TOJIBEO fl Te6H Bunyn^y, a? 

— noHEjiyfixe, Bame ciHTejiBCTBO, sa hto Ke? ^a e Heq^irB. 

— A sa rojieEHH^effB qTo? 

— IIpOBajIETBCE Ea M^CTiy EOJIE eCTB ^TO. Bl EapMafli JEH- 
BOJIBBepEHIEO HJIOXOBBEifi eCTB, STO TO^HO, A^ H^BITO MU He EO- 

EHMaeiTB, qio 3to HEEaEii HeBOSMOSHO, qTo6u xopomaro rocno- 

AHHa Aft H81» JIHBOJIBBepa. 

Ohhtb npEjiBB'b paAOCTflaro e yAajioro qyBCTBa oxBaTsn 



108 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

cepAi^e BHRTopa. Ohi nyciHjrb jiosth HOSHaKOMiia h cxan ma- 
pHTB vh KapMaH^y Ymfik KomejieEii. 

— Hy, Ha, nojiy^at, csoTHHa dTaKa^, — secejio CKasajn ohi; 
npoTHrHsafl pytfjieBKy. — HaAO Cu cBflsaTB to^h, Aypana, j^a ysi 
Taici, He xo^y, Hoprb cb To6oft. Bi xopomyBo KHHyTy noxBep- 

HyjlCH. 

— 3a 8T0 qyscTBHTejiBHftffnie Bamy mhjioctb 6jiaroAapHirB, a 
MesAy npoqEHi, noTimHJiH 6bi, cy^apB, nanipoco^Koft. BipHxe- 
jui coBicTH, qeTLipe ahh ne KypHjrB. 

— Hy, jaAHO, noKypHMB. 

Ohb noAajTB nannpocy, bsaji'b ce6i Apyryio h 3asen> cmriKy. 

Ho TOJ[BKO HTO OFOHB OSapilJIB RyCOKB AOpOFE CB MHrKOH), CipOK) 

nfcUiBK), orpoMHyK) TeMHosejieHyK) jsany ojih, npoMHyBinyiocfl no 
Tpasi, H63HaK0Mi][a CB jiHi^oMBy Hepec^^qeHHuiTB 6arpoBO-qepHOK) 
nojiocoK), H BEKTopa, — RaKB cnyTHHBB nocjd^AHHro oTCTynHjni 
man naaaAB h nyTB He bupohhjtb nanHpocEi. 

— BssTopB EropuqB, 6aTK)mKa, a& bbi jih bto, cyxapB?! — 
xpHBByjiB ORB H copsajTB CB ro'jioBu CTapEift EapiysB. 

— A m TO Eio? H qxo-TO He npHSHafo Te6H, -^ otb^^thjib 

BHKTOpB. 

— H TO? AA HeysejiH sananHTOBan, Bhktopb EropuTB? 
HiKemKy-TO ne npHsnaJiH. 

— HHEemisa? botb 9to rto... 6a, 6a, 6al 

— Ohb caMBiftl — paAOCTHO npoHsnecB HeBHasoiieiiB. — ArB, 
TBI, 6aTK)mKHl H fl-TO, AypasB, cpasy He ysnajTB! H to kp^bjo ce6ft: 

KTO 8T0 BB THCKH MeHH BSflJlB? IIO CHJIHO^-TO HaAO 6u HpHSHaTB. 

Tose, B^AB, AOBoaBHo nosHasoHEJiCH cb BamHHE pyqKaiCH bb 
EoHH>meBi. 

Ohh HomjiH noTHXOHBKy, ocBi^qafl Aopory BcnuzHBaBnunn 
HanHpocaHH. 

— A cK)Aa saniHB noacajEoaajTB?— cnpocHjrB BnsTopB. 

— A KyAa se hh^ A'^sftTBCH, Bhktopb Eropun) Bb Ro- 
HJBomeBi, caMH HSBOJiirre snaTB, hh poahh„ hh npoTem^H, a 8A:icB 
Bce ace cpoACTBeHHBD[a, EeAosta RopnieBHa. Ohhtb se h bu 
sffficB nposHBaoTe, Bhktopb Eropun, — saKOHiHjirB ohb, no- 
TynacB. 

— TaKB ysB THT 6iijrB y Hena? 

— HHKaKB Hi^TB, cyAapB. IIoTOHy Bce Ebaokih KopH^BHBI 
6010CB, ona A^BHi^a cTporan, a h bb 6irazB naxosycB: aojito-jih 
nory6HXB qejuoB^Ka! 

— A Ha posi-To 3T0 iTO y Te6H? 

HHKemKa Aasse 3y6aHH sacKpeaseiajTB h cpasy nepeicbHHn 
cjian^aBuft rojiocB na 8jio6Huft. 

— Ha poH^-To? A TyTB oahhb 6apHHB, ^1061 eiiy bb Tap- 
TapapHT... caAaHyjTB. Jl^a, b^^ab, KaKB, — otpoahcb TaKB ne sy- 
majiB. Hy, Aa jubxo mhI^ naftTK, qeft ohb TaBOBB... 



PAGIUATA* 109 

— A tUj BHAHO, nox6flpajicfl Kb EapiiaHy? 

— B'&pHTe-JiH, TOJTBKO nanHpocoHEj nonpocHjTb, a se to 
^TO... H^Tb, yacB TaKan co6aKa nonajiacB... OAHaie, BKKtopb 
Eropu^'b, npon^eBifl npocHMb; lyrb y MeHfl noBepio^eEb 6yA6rb 
jL'icKoirb. H KO ABOpavb nopa; i^THniKH, noAH, njia^yrb. 

— ?T0 sa jsibmmKiiL? lu Tjii SHBemb? 

— HeAajieqKO-cb, BHKiopb Eropuqi. Abophhbhi SHaKOMbift, 
TonTurHHii Maxaflao HBaHu^i, h8 jl^to EOMHaTu noAi* sajib- 
ii,ovb CAaerb, TaKi» mu HaHium-cb... CqaciJiBBO ocTaBaTbCH... 

— npon^afi, HBKemEal A ropbKoe tboo sHibBoiKo: saflAB 
ysi, ^TO-JiH, KO ufAj KorAa EpinKO orojiOAaemb: HaKopiaK), 
nofluuyft H BOAEH Aairb. 

— ^yBCTBBTejibBifinie 6jiaroAapBirb, BHETopi EropuTb; mi 
Bamy Ao6poAiTejib sascerAa noMHHirb. 

Oh1> CKptlJICB Bb XeMHOrt JliCHOft TpOBBBEH, a BflKTOpb Sa- 

AyiiqBBO mejii AftJiiBnie. Msoroe BanoHHHJia dia BCTpina cb 
HHEemKoft BBETopy EroposHqy BaEyjiOBy. 

JIici> CEopo OEOfl^Hjicir, a KBHyTU A^ cnycTfl BsETopi yse 
BxoABjDi'b BO ABopi A^AH, nepenpurflyBi qepeai HeBucoEift sa- 
6opb. FocTb npomejii bt> caAb, noAflBjoLca aa 6aJiK0H'b h nonpo6o- 
BAJL-b' oTBopHTb ABopb, HO OHa OKasajsacb sanepToft. TorAa owb 
HpomejLi Ei> yrjioBoiiy oEHy Epiua h cjiersa nocxyqajib najib- 
neMb. BjiaABMipii ApEaAbeBBqi ho ycjiumajn CTyEa, ho ABopo- 
Ban co6aEa HenTyHi cb rpoMEHHi) jiaeirb tfpocHJiacb Bb caAb. 
BHETopi yse tIdtobbjica A&Tb eft nHHEa noroft, EaBi OHa, yqy- 
HBb SHaKOMarOy nepeHiBBjia 8Jio6Huft jiaft Ha jiacEOBuft BHsrb 
H Banajia jiHsaTb eHy pjEy. 

EpyroMi) CTOAJia HeBOdHyTHMaji THnmna; HepHaa HO^b yrpK)]co 
o(Sjierjia OEpecTHOCxb; vbajLO nenajibK). HenoH^xHaA h nenpH- 
BBi^Haji pofiocTb oxBaxHJia cepADie BflEiopa. Offb cani abbhjich 
Ha ce6B)Ha CBofl cipaxi, ho qyBCTBOfiajii>, ^to, eun BjiaABMip'b 
He CEopo OTKpoerb eMy oeho, owh ne BUAepacHTb h y6i^HTb 
oTcioAa. 

Offb 6nATb nocTy^ajii) «?» oeho. Ci nojufBHyru nnqero ho 
6hUL0 cjDiuniHO, HO noTOMi sacnaBHbift h BcipeBOseBBbift roxocb 
npoflSHeci*: 

— Kto xaHb? 

— 9X0 H, Bj OXBOpH, BOJIOAH. 9x0 fl, BHBXOpiI 

BjiaABiiipi BcxajTb h pacspuji'b oeho. 

— Th qio? 

— ^a TaEi>. nocxoft-Ea,. h Bjiisy ei» xe6i. 

Ohi jiobko nptirByj&'b na noAOEOHHHKb, a oxxyAa Bb EOXHaxy 
H sanepi oeho. 

— Tu/bhaho, cnajii? 

— TojibKo 'ceflqacb jierb. ?to-xo y Menn na cepA^4 ne- 
xoponio 6ujL0. 



110 pyCGKOB BOrATGTBO. 

— Borb; Borby h y uevM xoace... SHaeniB, a 7 re6si Hoqyio 
Bon SA^CB, Ha AHBan^. TaKoft crpax'b icaKoft-To Ha Ajnii- IIpo- 
CTO He noHHMaK), ^TO 9T0 SHaqHrb... 

— TaKi noroAu, Haxo nocTejb npHroTOBHTE. 

— He, hh, hh sa wso. IIoAyniKa tyrb ecTB, a npHxpoiocb 
TBOHirb HJieAOirb. Bon, Taffb. 

Ohh saMOJDiqajiH h npHCjLyniHBajiHCb Kb qeMy to. M Bce ^ero- 
TO auiajiH. Ho nnqero ho 6£ijiio KpoHi THinHHU. 

n, BApyrb, Tjki'TO Ha ycaAb6^ saBUJia npoi^sno h ynbuio 
co6aKa. 

— TocnoAH,— CKasajTb BjiaftHiripb, — 9to en^e qTO? 

HiTb o6oHirb sasajiocB xenepb, hto ycaAb6a, aohb, bch OKpecx- 

HOCTb H6 rt, Kb KOTOpUirb OHH HpiBKIKJUt, Tf^ 6UJL0 XOpOmO H 

CHOKOflHO, a cosepmeHHO hhuo, qyxAue. 

— ^TO ftajyi?— cnpocHjiB monoTOirb BHicropi. 

— GuHX'b. fl xaseqa AOJoro C0A'6jii> 7 Hero. Bce rosopHjui 
npo Ojubry AaeKcieBHy. Ohb yarb xenepb paA^ sa iieHH. 

06a Gpara ohhtb saMOJiqajiH h npncjiyniHBajiHCb Kh qeiiy- 
TO. Co6aKa saBUJia cnosa. 

Ha qacax'b vb cTOJiOBoft npo6Hjio ipH pasa, iri^pnuft sbohi 
HonjuBUTb no noKOHicb h saiiepi bi> OTAajienui. H ohhtb* Cujia 

THHIHHa. 

BEKTopi njiOTHie saBepnyjiCH wb ujiexb h, BSApornyFb orb 
HpeApascB^Tflaro xojiOAKa, noqiH iiTHOBeHHO aacHyjn. 3a Buorb 
BCKopi sacnyjTb h Bj[aAHiiipi>. 

Bb CT&Hi ctajia CKpecrn MuniB; fa^-to BAaora npon'&jirb ni- 
Tyxi. A co6aKa Bce Bujia... 

BflETopb cnajTb KpinKO h cjiaAKO. Ho sorb, oRasajiocby qro 
OBTb naxoAHTCfl Brb r3y6oKOMi TeMHOHi noABajii 6e9b okohi, cb 
oahoh) TAsejiOH) sejLldHOH) ABepbK), H ABepb 9Ty TenepB saso- 
jiaHHBaiorb cnapysH. CxyKb pasAasajicH ysacHuft, nopaasaioqia, 
TaKofi, orb KOToparo totobu 6bijiH o6pymHTbCH ct&hu h hoto- 
lOSB. Botb, ohb npeKpaxHjiCfl, see saTHXJio; ho Bhrtopb jiesajtB 
H SHajTb, qTo ceflqacB ohhtb HaqnytB saKOJiaqHsaTB A^epb. Q 
TOFAa yse vbvb cnaceBin; HHKyAa ne yfiTH hbb dxoro Aymnaro 
qepnaro noAseiiejibH. CxyKb, A'iftcTBHxejibHO, pasAaica cnosa. 
BHKTopy xor&jiocB pacEpuxB rjiasa, nomeBejiHTb xoTb najiBi^eHi, 
HO 8T0 oEasbiBajiocb HOBOSMoaKHUirb. HaKOHeKB, KOFAa cxyicb 
pasAajiCH BB Tpexift pasB, ohb CA^jiaji'b ycHJiie, BCipuxnyjiCfl 
bcImb TiiOHB H cpasy c&i^ na nocxejiH. OAHOBpeneHHo cb 

HHMB nOAHAJTb CB HOAyHIKH TOJlOBy H BjISLAHMipB. 

O&puft, HeHacTHUft A6Hb y»e rjiAA^jiii bi> okho; na ABopi 
cjibiniHa 6uAB, npo6ysA&K)ntaflCH »hshb. 



PAOnJIATA. Ill 

CryR'b FB xBepB npoAOJisaoiCfl, ho bicIcto Toro ysacaioiitaro, 
Kasmrb npeAcraBjiHjicfl ohi bo ch^ BrktopJi ohii Ciutb xHzift h 
ocToposHui. Sto-to JterKonocTyKHBajTb CHapysa. 

— BapHHi, BjiaAHMipii Apkaabh^i, npocHHxecb, cyAaps, — 
cjiHmajica HerpoMidft rojioci cxapHica CaaejiiH, KaMepxHHepa 
ApKaAiA GTenaHOBH^a. 

BjaAHHipb KpHKHyjTb, qio ABepB HesanepTa, h Bejiljn Boftu. 
GaBOJiifi OTBopHJU'b ABepB A, noKocHBmHCB Ha jiiHHBo JiesaB- 
maro BHsropa; saroBopurB ynaBnmirB tojiocoicb: 

— ?TO-TO 6e8n0R0ftH0 MH^, BjiaAHMipi ApKaABH^^B... 
BHKTopB epasy cipflXHyjii cb cetfa ociaTKH cna h BCsoqHJ'B 

Ch AHBana. 

— %o uyiHjiocB?— ipeBoacHO cnpocHji'B ohi*. 

CxapHKB xojiBKo pyKaMH pasBOjrBH npHrHyjTB rojuoBy Ha 6ovb. 

— ?yAHO qxo-xo Bce, cynapB, BHKxopi Eropun, Tpesopsa 
HouK) BUXB npHHHMajicji, a xenepH^a, npHxosy a ki» 6apaHy 
KB HameMy, nocxyqaji'B canorn bsaxb. BuBajio, ohi» sbbbhtb 
naHepoMii BCEoqHTb, oxonperb ffi h Hasax'B vb nocxeu, a xyxi» 
€xyqy, cxyqy, h rojioca He noAaexi^. Hy, AyMaio, EpftnKO sacHyxb, 
BHAHo. noAoasAaji'B dAaicB ct nojiqaca, odaxb npnxosy, see 
^rosd^. EesnoROftHO mhA, cyAapB, Ha-cepAi^l... ' 

— Haovb, ceftqacB haoicb kl Heiiy, — KpHKHyn bh!& ce6H 
BsBropi H noqxH notftoaai qepesB pflA:b cxapuxB Koimaxii Kb 
cnauHoft ApKBAin CxenaHOBHna. 

Ho, no Mipi xoro, KaKB ohi npnlSiHsajicfl kb cnanHoft, 
marB ero cxaHOBHJiCH XHine, ocxoposaM h, Hasonei^, ohii no- 
mexb Ha ii[HnoqKarB. Ci eefwifiwh^ coBepmeHHO ynaBmHMi oxi 
npeABHA^HiH qero-xo yasacHaro, noAomoAi^ Bhkxopb kb sanepxoft 
sBHyxpH ABopH H ocxaHOBHjicji HopeBecxH A^xame. OcxoposHo, 
<(yAX0 60ACB HapymHXB BaKoft-xo xaHHCXBeHHiift noKoft; npHjio- 
SKji'B OHi» yxo KB saHOTOoft CKBasHH^ H cjEymajTB, H He snajn 
'CaiCBi qxo A^aexi* Ilojinaa xHniHHa nopaasajra ero Bce rfash- 
se ysacoiTb, icaKHirB oxBaqeni ohi» 6ujrB hohbh), KorAa cxomi 
y oKHa KOMHaxu BjiaAHMipa. 

noAomejn HonocniBinit sa hhicb GaBejuft, a bcji^&a'^ sa 
HHMH BB xaiaxi n xy^jiflxii BjiaAHHipB. 

ToFAa BHKXopy noneify-xo coBepmeHHO hcho npeAcxasHJiacB 
HeH86toHocxB coBcpmBBmarocfl; ohi QOBepHyjn> rb cxapHBy 
pacxepiiHHoe jihi^o h npomenxaji'b, He snafl caMi^ qxo roBopHTi): 

— FocnoAHl Aa qxo ae »xo? 

— fl He noHHMaio, qero bu 06a npesAeBpeHeHHO pacxepH- 
JiHCB,— (TB AOcaAoft CKasani Bnojirojioca BjiaAHidpB h dXHMn cjko- 
BaMH npHBejii vb ce6R tipaxa. 

BBKXopB onflxB noBepnyjiCH Kb ABopn, nocxyqajTB bb Hee 
THXOHBKO, noxoiTB rpoiTie, HOAOHAajn HeHHoro H, HaKOHei^l, 
sacryqan bso Bcix'b cim. 



112 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO, 

— ]ifl]ifiy A^fomBa, — samenxajTb ohi>, tM!h 6jsio rojioc^ 
ero HM^jii KaRoe-HH^jAB sHaqeaie npn droirb rpqjLoi^ wh xeepB. 

— BaTBomEa, npocHHTecB,— KpHKHyjni h BjiaAHMiirb, ho 

OTRfiTa He 6UJL0, H HHHTO H6 BiUaBaJIO npHCyTCTBUL BB KOMHarb 

sHBoro cyn^ecTBa. 

— H BBicasy AsepB,— piniHTejiBHBiM'b rojiocoiirB csadaji'B 

BBKTOpB H, nOJLyqHBB OAOtfpHTeSBHUft KHBOKl TOJIOBBL CaBeJUH^ 

oTomejLB 6UJQL0, ^To6Hr ci pasCi^ry y^apHTB bb AsepB, ho, BApyrB, 
ocTanoBHjiCH H saiaHJL'B ABi^&Hie, npHCJiymHsaflCB. H BM:&cr6 cb 
hhmb xpeBOSHO npacjiyniBBajiBCB TenepB CaBejiii h BjiaAHMipB. 
Bb KOMHart cTapHKa BasyjiOBa, oneBBAHO, 6ujib kto-to: bcho 
cjuimajiocB EaEoe-TO ABHsenie, KaKie-io SByKB, KaEB 6yAT0 sto 
nepeBepTUBani jibctki 6yMarH. 

— BaTioaiKal— rpoMKo KpHKHyjTB EiaAHnipB. 

— EapHHB, AHAfll— eme rpoiiqe noBTopHJiH Ganejiift ck 

BHETOpOMB. 

OTBixa HO 6ujio; hheto He uoAaBajTB hsb cnajuBHOi roioca, 
a, HesAy TiiTB, Bdb ohbtb h hcho pasciRinajai Bce totb se 
crpaHHuft SByEB. 

TorAa, He 6yAy^H bb cocxoHHiH SAaiB AOJi^e, Bhetopb bo 
BCK> cboh) rpoMaAHyH) CHJiy ABBHyjH) njieqoMB bb ABepB. Ilocjm- 
maJUCH TpeCEB bb HiCSOJlBEHXB MicTax^, H ABepB, copBauHafl Cl> 
KpioHEa, pacnaxnyjiacB HaciesB. Ha MrHOBeHie Bdb Tpoe octa- 

HOBHJIHCB BB HepilHHTeJIBHOCTH, tiyATO 60BCB HATH UpOB^pHTB 

TO, BB qeMB HHETO yso He coMff^BajioH, HO, HaEOHeiq>, CaBejuft 
nepBufl BO me JIB hb cnajiBHyK), a sa hhub o6a 6paTa. 

ApEaAift CTenanoBH^B jieaRaorB na hoctojih naBSHHiB, conep- 
moHHO yse xojiOAHua, QEOCTentBinift. KpacHBoe ero mno cb 
6ojibniofi (T&AOfl 6opoAOft BiepoMB h hphahmh p^akhxb 6ijiuxB 
BOJiocB na rojiOBi 6ujto cnoRoftno h BOJiHqaBO. Kasa^-To Top- 
secTBeHHan TaftnaH Ayva jierJia na 9to BucoEoe h qncToe qejio; 
H EasajiocB, mo obb He yuepB, a chhtb. H tojbeo nojiyorEpu- 
Tue ocTaHOBHBmiecH rjiasa yKasuBajra na to, ^to cohb stotb 
B^qeHB* 

Oeojio rpyAH yMepmaro, y caMoft erfiHu CHA^Jia j[K)6HHHi](a 
ero, HOJiOAan, majioBj[HBaH xomeqEa EpucBEa h xopoTaJsa AOcyrB, 
EOsexjuHBO noTporHBaa 6apxaTHo2 JianEoft ehctb ninypa otb 
eT^HHoro SBOHEa. Ehctb noEaqHsaaiacB h mypmajia no o6ohieb... 



Bci AHH nepoAi* noxoponauH h niEoxopoe ApeMH nocad^ 
nHxii BaETopi qyBCTBOBajiB cTpaHnyiD oTqyau^ennocTB otb 6pa- 
Ta, HoqTH BpaxA^CHOCTB EB HOHy. Ero Hopasajio «o paBHo- 
Ayinie, cb botopkihb BjiaAHMipB npHHHjiB CMepTB OTi^a. Bb Kbi- 

CTBHTOJIBHOCTH BjiaAHMipB HO TOJUBEO HO 6bIJIB paBHOAynieHB E^ 

BTOHy co6uTiK),— OHB A^se HCEpeHHo ropenajTB, ho BnETopy 



PAGIUATA. 113 

rope 9T0 KasajocB HesocraTOHHo CHJunuirb. Gam owb Hanpu- 
BEJicfl on nenajm; eiiy xasajiocB, hto ffin Heio see nponajio, hto 
uAvb H He 6jA&rb HH^ero xopomaro vb scbshh. Owl h He noxo- 
sp^Bajii paHie, ^lo thkb CEJibHO npHBflsasB eb yiiepnieMj. Ho vso 
6hiM HiiTO 6ojibme npocroft npnBasaHHocTH.BHKTopb TepflAHpas- 
CTBeHHyio onopy n ^yBCTBOBajLi>, ^xo eiiy He coBjiaAarB cb co6oft, 
CB CBoeft pasHysAaHHOCTBK), xenepB, Korfta yse nenero onacaxBca, 
uo CKasen cxapEifi x^Ah, EaKB BsrjiHHerB na totb bjeh HHoft 
ero nocTynoBB*.. 

H:&CK0JiBK0 AHeft cnycTA nocji^ norpetfeHifl yiiepinaro, BjiaflH- 
MipB BpyqHjTB 6paTy TpH Tuca^H py6jiei* 

— die no Heo4>$Hii;iajiBHOMy saBin^aHiK). Bb cxojii y cxa- 
paxa a HamejrB naEexB cb naAnncBio: cmoa boj[h>. XoienxB, 
HOKasy 6yMary? 

— He HaAO, ocxaBB. A en^e ^xo HamejrB? 

— ^HeSHHKB KaKOft-XO. IIpHdHaXBCfl, He HHXajIB. SL He oxox- 

HHKB XO XHOBHEKOBB. 

— TaKB xaft ere, nosaayflcxa, imi. 

— Cb yxoBOJiBcxBieMB. HoflAeMB bb Ea6HHexB. 

BHKXopB BdHJiB 6oji[BinyK) nepenjEexeHHyio xexpaxB, npncijix 
y HHCBiieHHaro cxojia nOKoflnaro h pacEpujTB AHeBEHSB. dxo ne 
6ujvb npaBHJiBHuft xHeBHHKB, a umB p^AB saHixoKB, pasHOBpe- 
MeHHO H sa HHoro jATh saHeceHHUXB Ha Cyiiary. 

,.. cFocnoAH, — HHxajiB Bhkxopb bb oahomb m4cx4, — ecjra 
T!e6i HysHo 6uao yAOCxoBipEXBca bb Moeft Bfbpi bb T66fl, Tu 
HMd^emB CBHA^xejiBcxBO. H xepflio OAHoro sa ApyrHMB mohxb 
A$xefi; H a ^pyiD bb Te6E h cjiaBJiio Te6a... OcxaBB hh^ 

XOXB OAHOrO, XOJIBKO OAHOFO H3B A^ieft MOHXB, KaKB itJIOXB 0X1» 

HJSOXH ]ioefi»... 

... cBoHe, H ee, Apyra Moeft CKop6Hot shshh, asoHy moh> 

Tu npHSBajiB kb Ce6i. HoMorH 2se mh'6 CKasaxB xo, ^xo h xo^y 

CKasaxB: Aa 6yAexB Bojie Tboh»... 

Hi CKOJiBKO jiixB nosAH^e bb AHeBHHKrB 6bijio saneceHo: 

... «fl APPsy sa BaaAHMipa. CxpaHHO h neecxecxBeHHO, ho 

nOpOIO H He 3HaH), KXO HH^ fijUISe,— SXOXB BUMOJieHHUft CUHB, 
HJIH HJieMAHHHKB* ^:&MB AaJDLBIUe, XtlfB BCO CHJlBHie HyscxByexcH 

HexAy MBoft H cfiiEOMB He oxjiasAenie, ho ox?yaeA6Hie. Mii ne 
HOHBMaeHB ApyrB Apyra, uu tiyxxo qysie APyi^ ^7^7- ^^^ 
xaKB ^acxo Aynaexca: <o, ecjiH6H xu 6bijiib xo^loachb hjbh ro- 

PHHB». Ho BB HeHB H^TB HH XOJlOAa, HH Sapa, H MH^ KSSeXCH 
HOpOfl, ^XO OHB XOAH^ift HepXBei^^ He CnOC06HBlft HH kb JiH)6BH, 

HH KB HenaBHCXH. Ohb aroHf^xB ao Mosra Kocxeft. Ohb Bce it^ 
HHXB nocxojiBKy, HOCKOjiBKy 8X0 npHroAHO eHyi... 

Bhkxopb saAyuajicH naAB cbobmh cjioBaim h HHCJieHHO npo- 

BipHJTb npaBHJIBHOCXB OA^HKH HOKOftHBIMB CUHa. Bb CJIOBaXB 

cxapHKa cjiumaJiacB CKop6B, aRajiio6a na pasoHapoBanie, ho 

Jft 1. 09Aiuf% I. S 



114 PyCGKOE BOFATCTBO. 

oi^HKa saaajiacB npaBHUsoft. BBKropi SHajTB, tto xuBme 
tfyxerb o neiirb, h cipaxi nepeA'B 8THirb npsroBopoirb yxepxH- 
aajTb ero orb qieHi^. Bi ary cauyio MHHyiy ero nossajui na 
naHHXH^. Offb saspKrjTB xerpaAB^ cyHyjTb ee ai aiiihkb nuch- 
MeHHaro crojia yuepmaio ApKaxin CTenaHOBna, a nosxHie co- 
BciiTb nosatfujui npo AHeBHHKb. H touko h^ckoabbo jdln 
cnycTH npHnoxHHjiacb eiiy sra lerpaAB. 

IIOHHXHAH KOHHEJIHCB; Ha^B CBiseft MOniJlOt CTOflJTB HOBUft 

Bpecn; vb MockbI 6ujrb saKasavB ^oporoS HpaMopHuft naiuiT- 
^HBi. 3eifj[H npHHiiJia bb cboh Hixpa to^ ^i^o en^e B^epa 6ujlo 
cyn^ecTBOMB cb pasyMoiiB h BOJieio. A skshb He sxajuiy nuia 
BnepeAB. H naAO 6ujio shtb, h xynaTB o shshh. Ho rasejioe 
lyBCTBo He noKHxajio Bflsropa. 9totb TpHffiaTHTpeuiTHift 
^ejioBiKb, yse HcnBiTaHHufl hchshbh), BHAaBmift Hyssy? SHaKOMuft 
Aase CB rojOAOMi), CHJiBHuft t^jiomb, ropAuft^ BasajiocB 6u, 
AyxoH!B, 6ujrb vb nojosemH pe6eHKa, desnoHon^Haro, sajucaro 
AymeBHUvB fiescHJiieH^. 



VIL 

BnKTopB CHxijii CB nanHpocoS vb sytiarb vh KpecJiaxB vh 
CBoeHB AOMHKi^, KOFAa BOHijia ^yHfl H Haqajia cepAHTO npstfH- 
paTB vb ROHHaTd^, npH^eHB HeMHiocepAHO niBupAJia npoAMerLi 
ch OAHoro HicTa na Apyroe. 9totb npienb en 6e8oniH6oq[HO 
osnanajiB, hto ona qini-TO neAOBOJiBHa h hto-to xoqen co- 

06lItHTB BHKTOpy. 

— Hy, roBopH, qTO y xeCa xaniy— xnypo cnpocHjrb ohb, 
EOFAa eny HaAodbJia boshh jU^ynn. 

— ^To y MeHii? Hnqero y Menn, — cepAHio OTBiiwia ona, 
npoAOJisan cbok) pa6oTy. 

BHKTopB xepnijHBO BuasAajTB, H vepesB MHsyxy ^yHH ouatb 
saroBopHja: 

— BoH%, noj[K)6yflcfll IIpiATejiB-TO oiuitb npHnojiBB. 

— RaKofi npinxejiB? 

— En^e CDpamHBaexB, tfescxBiade nasa. Oahh y xefinnpiii- 
xejiB, — fi'&rjiBie a^ OpoA^rH. 

— HHEemKa^ ito-jih? 

— A SHaeniB, xavB qero h cnpanmBaemB? 

— IIOBOBH. 

AyHii Bsmjia, cepAHXO xjioiiHyBB ABepBio, h HexHoro cnycxH 
vb KOMHaxi no^BHJicfl HHKemEa, o6opBaHHHfi, sacajteHuift, ho 
paAOCXHo yji£i6aH)iiuflcA. 

— SApaBCXByflxe, cyA^^pB, BHKxopBEropoBHTB,— nporoBopnjrb 
OHB, KHBaa rojKOBoft H nonpaBJiHH pyKoft oxpocmie, BOJiHHCxue 

BOJIOCU.— Bee JIH BB AOCpOlTB SAOpOBB^ Baiua lOUOCXB? 



PACQIATA. ^ 115 

— CaAHCb, — oTBiTSJTb Bvanoph. — fl-ro «HBy, a botb th 
"^TO K^Siemh? Ho Bcin BHAHHOCTflirb — 6poAHrofi crajTB. 

— dz%, cyAapB, TajiaHTb norytfiui. ^epesib co6ctb6hho6 
npasBaHie nponaASK)... 

!^ — KaKoft TaKb en^e lajiaHrb? Tu h6 $hhth, — saaenib, He 
jmCjm TBOHrb xypai^sHxii ocTporb. 

— Jl^a HTO, 6aTEoinRa, Bhetopb EropoBHH'b. Ran ybxajiH 
-Bu, cy^pB, mfh KoHioaieBa, ocrajicji a Harb s CHpi. OAHaqe, 
^MaiD cetii, He nponaxaTB se xopomsMy qejiosiKy. Hy, h Ha- 
TOjiKHHCB a TorAa Ha oahofo Maetepa, HSb eBpeesi. Cjiobo sa 
CJIOBO, BHsy napeHB yiiCTBeHHBift, h npacTynHJTB Kb neny wb 
KOMnaniio. 

— KoHTpa6aHAoft hto jlk sanHJiHCB? 

— To ecTB Bu, Bhbtop'b EropoBB^i, saBcerAa vb caMyio 
i^eHTpy noipa^HTe. yAHBJteHiH aoctoAho. 

— Hy, Bacb, noAAei^oBB, subo h ci^anajni? 

— AKypaTB TacB-CB. A Bce <iepe3i> aroro npouflTaro 
lOae^Ba, — napenB Tasoft y nacB 6iiijrB noApyinHuft. JI^jiHHHuft, 
sa Gijuift, a cepAi^evB cjiia6i, 6ojiBinyK) cjia6ocTB HMiji'B. Ile- 
ceirb 9T0 Hu CB HHHi Toaapi, Kbjio Kb Beqepy. TyrB 6u HaMi> 
CBepHyTB nepeAb ropoAOMi> vb jitcoKi>, a^ npoftTH noAajEBine, a 
HoqBH) HOTHXOHcqKy nepeiacKaTB Kb niMyjiH). A btotb H)3e$Ka, 
ABABOJTB ero sa'&niB, CTaoTB cepeAB AoporH, a& ^ KastiTB hbi* 
Kapiiana tiyiujiKy. dAaicaii, AOJOsy h BaMi, cyAapk, BHsropb 
Eroptni, CBOJoqB, qio h pascRasaTB BHicaicB HeBosHosHO. 

— Hy, H HaAPHBraiHCBl Atb, 6ojiBaH£il— saxoxoTajn* Bhb- 
Top*. 

— Bon ysi HCTHHHoe same cjobo, qro tfojBaHBi. Ilpejio- 

XUIHCB dira HU Cb HHITB paSl, ABa, Aft H BUJIOIcaJIH BCK) 6y- 

TBUKy. 3to (Su en^e KyAa hh nuio, Bhktopb EropoBHqi, esejiH- 
6u noocxepeqBCfl AftJn»me. ^a Tyrb onai^ neHH joLyicaBuft tojk- 
hh: HaAO, xyvaK), mhI co CBoeft CTopoHU K)36(j[)Ky yBasHTB. 
nomapHJi fl BB cnHHSBBib, a xaMi y mchh cboh 6yTBijiBa; A 
BOAKa, cyAapB, bb Toft CToponi, caMH SHaeTe, KpiaKa. 

— 3HaH), Hy, AajBmel He pocnacuBaftl 

— Aa qToI— BdAOxnyji* HaiceinKa, — h pascEaauBaTB ne 
CTOHn: pocHHaH, a& Tyn se nepeAB ropoAOMb na Aoporfc 
cnaiB H sajierjiH... OqnyjiHCb ki> Beqepy — Bb TsraxbL. HepeAb 

JLeBHCOHKOft - TO HOAJiei^aMH KaKHMH OECaSaJIHCb: TOBapb TaKb 

Ha Aopordb cojiAaTHKH h noAo6pajiB. 

— AypaBi>, Aypaicb! OAHaso, th vnt botb hto csasH, no- 
coBi^CTH: HHBoro He yKOBoaiHjii»? a? 

— ?T0 BBi, cyAapB, BflBTop'B EropoBsqi, qaiB, mu xose o 
^yrndb-To HOMBinuiJieM'B. 

— K|iKi-se TBI y6iaRajb? 

— GojiAaTHKa KOHBoftnaro, npocTH, Bjibaubo, Moe nperpi- 

8* 



116 PyCCXOS BOrATCTBO. 

menie, KaiaiinKOirb no roaoBjnifffi hokhja. JleroHeqKO, pasHsa 
HeTHrpe. 

BsKTopi sacKpeserajn 'dy69iME. 

— Axi, noAiescbl Ha CKepTb hto*jih? 

— HHRaKb Bin. Caajniacii touo, a Tonso BceiaicH ot«^ 

— A p6B0J[BBepi» TA^ BdHjrb? 

— A 8X0, cynapb, Kynei][i oahhii noAapHJTB, — Beceio saro- 
BopHjii 6poAAra.— Bi* HptiHTb na ApMaHKj ixajnb. SL h ATMaio 
ce6i^: Ha ^^ito Kynuy JoiBOJiBBep'b? Ohi, Kynei^ii, h wb pjkh-to 
jiHBOJibBepa BSflTB H6 jui&Fb. A flMn^HKb-orb Mir6 ssaRoiiei^, 
ci poAHH npHzoAHJicfl: Bi OAHom TpaRTBpi H81 OAHoro cxaKamKa 
MHyjuH. Hy, Mu rp'&niHUirB A^oirb, Kym^y Ha meio Kyma^esb 
Xa no KapMamKaiTb. BanBKa bshjib qacu, a h dry mTyqKy, xa 
AeHBsaTaHH noA'bJiHjiHCb. ^a hto? nycroe a^o npHnuiocBy 
Bcero no ^exBepTHoft. Eynei^b-orb noposnit ixajrb. 

— SaAymHjiH Tan?... Fjiasa y BHKTopa CBepsHyjoi. 

— HHKaKHiTb MaHepoifbl H no ciio nopy Topryen. Tojebeo^ 
H 6uj[0, ^TO HcnyasajiCH chjibho. > 

— Hy, cjymafl, HHKemRa! MepsaBeiTB xu 6ounioftl Pasy- 
KftexcH, H xe6H bb cxanB He oxomjiH), nosaiyfi oAesoHKy Ka- 
Kyio HH^yAB A&VB h AOHerb na Aopory. Hy, a cairb xu noHnxB^ 
AOJseHB, 110 CEA^TB y HeHA xe6i ho foahxch. 

— RasB He nodHXB, cyAapB, Bhktopb EropoBHTB. 

— OxAoxHyxB MosemB. Tojibeo hxo6u HHKaEoro 6axoBcxBa«. 
CaumBmB? A xo, 6paxB,— AyxB bohx BuniH6yI 3HaeinB moha! 

— YsB Ha dToiTB HSBOJiBxe 6uxB tfesB cyiuiiHifl. 9, cy- 
AapB, BacB tiepeqH aojisohb. 

Ohb BBimejEB BB KyxHH), a BHKxopB AOJiro CHA^n, saAynaB- 
mHCB, nepe6Hpafl Mucju^Mfl MHHyBmie roAu. IIpHnoMHHajiacB 
eHy npesKHAH ero tiesnyxHan nojiEOBan aRHSHB cb oh Kyie- 
saMHy pasBpaxoMB h o6HAaMH hhphumb o6BiBaxej[HirB. Bb 
xoiTB ManeHBEOMB eBpeficsoMB irficxe'iEi, vjsik cxoAJia ero po- 
xa, npamjiocB eny nosnaEOMnxBCH cb iiiiqaHHHOiiB HHKHioft 
JyEOAHOBUHB. ^ejIOB^KB dxoxi nposHBajiB y CBoeft xexEH, 
BAOBU saHAapMcsaro yHxepB-o^Hitepa, xoproBasmeft na tiasap:^ 
soft-KasoK) MejioiBH). IlpH Heft npo»HBajia h ao^b e^, MOJuoAeHB- 
saH H KpacaBHi^a co6oft Ayn^, na Roxopyio sarjr^AUBajiHCB mo- 
jioABie o(j[)HAepu. ^epnooKafl, en^e ne pasBHBmaHCH ^HSiiqecRH^ 
HO HHoro o6iii](aBmaH bb CyAyn^OM'B, JI^yHfl A^pacajia ceiSa 
cxporo H cepAHxo. IIpH oahomb npntijuiseHiH eb hxb Aony 
o^Bi^epa Ayn^i ly^BmaH noixH bb EaaRAOHB MysqHHi, a oco- 
6eHH0 bb BoeHHOMB, Bpara, cepAHio xnypHJia EpacHBu^, xex- 
HUH 6poBH H BCH HacxopasHBajiacB, 6yAxo roxoB^cB EB oxnopy. 
Bb xo BpcHH y hoh HSB^sencREXB hhcxhhetobb pas^Hxo Cum 



PACnXATA. 117 

^XHO HySCTBO CTUXnBOCTH H CaMOO(JOpOHU, XJIfl KpTOpot tflUO 
B6 HMO nOBOAOBTb. 

BHKTop'b, 6esnyTHUflt h 6e38a6oTHut^ Tose yBiescH xpaco* 
Tofl xbhymKB. H CO CBoficTeeHHUirb exy 6ypHmrB HeTepiitHieirb 
<rrpeMiucfl Kb h^jiul. Bh ero noHmiflrb h6 6uj[0 saqero A7P- 
Horo o6ojB[BCT]iTB seHiiiHHy, Aa OHi H He saAyMfiiBajDLCfl Haxb 
dTHMH BonpocaMH. He paai miTajicH oh'b safltTH bi AOMHffb 
CTapyxH JlyROfiHOBoft, saroBopsTb ei> j^yeet; nuxajCH saxotfpsTb 
X^ByniKy noAapKaMU, ho BcerAa BCTpiqajr& oaho h Tose: rntB- 
Huft, OFHOBot BdrjMAB ^epHuxi rjiasii, rpy6ocTB h ocEop6ie- 
me. AiBymKa, savb aioft SBtpesii, TOTWci-se bch BcnuxHBau 
rH'bBOKTb H XBaTajiacB sa RO?epry, yxBan hjeh CKajiRy... He pan 
MOJiOAOHy maionaio h nonaAajio aobojebho 6oabHO no uAe^y 
saiBKOiTB, KorAa ohb HBiraJiCH 6uTb CMijiie. 

OtfpantajicH Bhetopb h n o6u9Huirb nocpeAHHKairb h no- 
«peAiiHi](airb nh arHXb xbjidLTb. HocpeAHHKs 6pajiH AeHbra^ kju- 
jmcb, ^TO jk^jLO 6yAeTb CA^ano, h niiqero ho Ao5iiBajD[HCb« TorAa 
Ha CKeny abbjca 6e8nyTHuft, jcaici* ero Bci SBajiH, HflsemKa, 

ABOlOpOAHBlft 6paTb )i,JBE. 

HHKemKa cyn^ecTBOBan iieiKHirb noAeHHiiirb sapa^OTSoirb, 
TacRaai na pini RyjiH, noAtferajTb jjmn,hij ctopoacHjn no ho- 
^an, He tipesraa caMuirb rHycnuirb noACJiysHBameirb o^Hi^e- 
pam; BpeiieHaMH owb npHKHAUBajiCH snaTOKOM'b jiomaAnHuxi h 
xopoBbBX'b 6ojr68Heft h cicbxo OTKpuBajrb tiojibHoft cbothh^ 
icpoBb Ha HHTRaxi, HO qante Bcero noBopoBUBan, npesiiynie- 
CTBeHHo y eBpeoBB, Koiopiie Bce tioibine h tfojibme oaio^JiBjiHCb 
sa Hero. M botb, cjry^uocb oAnasiu Taxoe a^o. Bhrtopb 
BbixoAHJTb H8:b CBoeft KBapTHpu H yse roTOBHACH sanepoxb 
ABepb KOMHaTKT, xaKb BApyrb ycjnixajrb neHcroBui kphkb na 
jui^ H TonoTb HHoroHHCJieHHUx'b Eon. He ycnfijrb ohb ohom- 
HHTbCfl, KaKi» H9b nepeyjisa fflMurHyjaLi Kb neiiy bb TeiiHUH 

€!bHS, Tfjb OHb CTOBJTb, tiliAUUft) BCKJIOEOieHHUB HHKeiHKa, BecB 

^rayTufty BaKB 6u npH?acb, pacrepaHHuft, noTepflBonft npn- 
^yiCTBie Ayxa. Ohb 6pocHjiCH npniio Kb norairb BHsropa. 

— Bame 6jiaropoAie, cnacHref— ne cbohhb roiocovB npo- 

SpHUJiB 0H!b. 

A 9b BTO BpeMfl HSTb yjEUfx yse BaJiHJia bb nepeyjiovb, rAft 
iSiaa BBapTHpa BHsropa, rponaAa oBpeeBB, pasBapeHHUXB, no- 
TepHBoiBXB noHflrie o crpaxt, o($b OTBiTCTBeHHOciH. PasscaxH- 
Ban pyBam, TOJsaflCb ApyrB o Apyra bb HecTpoSnoiiB mecTBiE, 

6BpeH, CB ^ypaSSaMH, OKOH^aTOJIbHO CbixaBQIHIIH Ha BaTEUKH, 

^ raasaMH, ropiBmsiCH sxoBin^Hirb orneiiB, Bci qepnue h bb 
^epHiixBy AJiHHHonojiuxB Ra^TaHaxB rpoMKO roBopHJiH Bcib pa* 
^om na HenoHHTHOMB CBoeiCB Hsust h aajaiH npflico kb BBap- 
^npb BHBTopa* 



118 VJCCKGB BOrATCTBO. 



VIIL 



flfijivo He pawyMBisaH, nonasaHcs nepBOMy notfysAesiio,^ 

BflKTOpi OTBOpEJTb SBOpi^ KBapTHpU, TOJIRHyorb Ty^a CKOpqHB- 

marocA y ero Hon» HflEeniKy, sanep'b ero, caoRoftno Bumejn^ 
Ha yjiBAy h CTaji y nopora cbnett Ha aepxHeft cryneHBirb. 
TojKua yse 6iajia nepexi hhvb. 

-^ IlaHe, oTBOpk,— pasAajiBCB HeHcroBue roJioca Ha aiona- 

HOITB pyCCRO-tOJIBCROirb ASUKi. Sa^^CB CRpBMCJI HOmeHHHRli! 

Tojri^a Hanapajra Bce 6oiiBiue h 6ojiBine. Eto-to crajTB Ha 
HHacBioK) CTyneHBRy ji'^cthhi^bi h npoiflHyjTB pyRy ri» pyRii 
BHRTopa, AepaRaBmefi 6ojiBmoft rjuoih on RBapTspu. Bhrtop'b 
6BicTpo yAapejii bthui bjuohohi no ROCTMBOft pyK& CM&iBqaRa^. 
H oTsiEUKHiift nepeAOBoS 6061^1 cnpEirHyjn> cb jiicTHHi](Bi. 

A RpHRH Bce BospacTajiH. 

BHRTopi cnoRofiHo CTOAJTB H cjiymaji'B. noTOiTB BUHyjTB na- 
nnpocy h MeAJieHHO saRypHJii ee* BoBfiyacAenie TOjinu, jKUBjien- 
Hoft 9THMi> cnoRoflcTBieiTB, CTdJio iioHeMHory yHeHBmaTBCH. Eto- 
to H31) 6ojAe pBBHBlX'B CROJLBBHyjTB Vh cIhH H CTajTB TpACTR 

pyqRy ABepn. BHRTopB iiOJi<ia oCepnyjiCH h MOJiqa ace, ho ao- 
bojibho CHjsiBHo yAapHJTB no meb CMi^jiBqaRa xjibictovb, cb ro- 

TOpUlTB HHROrAa He paSCTaBaaCH. CM'6jIBqaRl BCRpHRHyjTB OTB 

5ojiH H, RaRT> Ha HpysHHaxi, oTCRoqHai) bi cropoHy. Toana 
OHDTB 6bijio BamyMijia, ho cpasy yMOJiRjia, neAoyH^Baji, ito^ 
se 3T0, HBRonei^i, npoecxoAHrB. 

— y MeHfl h4t1) HHRoro,— rpoMRO cRasaJi Bhrtopb, — Aft h 
He cicfieTe bu jiomhtbch bi> hok) RBaprepy. Hahto sajiOBaTBCH, 

ROMy XOTHTB, HO OTCB)Aa HpOlB. 

— nani He cM'&erB np^TaTB sjioAieKB; nani 6yAerB otb*!- 
qaTB no saRony, — pasAajiBCB yse OAHHoqnBie rojioca. 

Bi 9T0 BpeMH npB6uj[i, HdB^n^eHBuft 6e8nopHARax%, no- 
juneflcKifi o(|)Hi](epi. 

— IIocjuymaflTe, RanHraHi, — o6paTHjiCA ri Heny Bhrtopb, — 
pasroHHTe, noacanyflCTa, bthxti noAJieAOBi. 

— • Mbi He noAJieuu,— pasAajocB vb Tojsini, — hu lecTHue- 
iioAH, a naH-B npnqeTi sjhoa^h... Mbi 6yAeHi sajiOBaTBCH noji- 
KOBHBEy, canoicy nany enapajny. 

— TyrB, BBBOJiHTe bha^tb, — cvyn^enHo naqaii noJiHiieH- 
CRift o^Hi^epB,— coBepmeHB rpaCesi. H'^rto JlyROflHOBi BBipBaji'B 
y OAHoro Rynj^a... 

— BipH), opepBajii BflRTopB, — ho h-to TyrB npnieifb? 
Bigb^ He noco($HHRi) se 2 BopaHT*. Mhmo mohh, A^ftCTBHTejcbHo, 
npoCinajii RaRoft-TO qejiOB^Ri h crpbijich bohi> TyAa, a ohh 

EO MHi... 

— GjiumHTe, — otipaTHjiCH RanHTani Kb Toini,— rocnoAHH'B^ 
o^HiJ^epi BHAiJii*, ^To BopB yCisajii bo ABopi. 



PACniATA. 119 

nocjramaiHCB BosrjiacBi HeAoeipiii, kto-to ^bea'^jtb, Ean 
HKEemsa Bomejrb bi ^sBaprapy BaKTopa. Ho Apyrie jcomeh- 
jiHCB Fb nocji'lsHeirb oCciomesbcmb^ ctajiH f,ovs^mmhCB^ ne 
n J[6i6&-j[H yGfisajTb Bopi, lasi KaEi Jleitiia Tose 6ojiBinoft 
uow^euib. HaKOHeiti, nopimHjra yflini, ocraBMBi KapayjibSBixi y 
AOMa. 

TorAa BnTopi, ne otfpan^aii (Sojibme BHHMaHifl Ha o^aaceH- 
HHrb, ymejtb vb tutj^. Ovb Tairb Hrpajrb ao uojiho^h h eo* 
BepmeHHO no8a6ujrb npo HHKemRy. BcnoMHHjrb owb o cboom^b 
rocrty jramB BepnyBmHCB AOMOft h sasHrafl csiqy. OEasajiocB, 
OAHaEO, ^TO HHKemKH BXTfji h^tb: eiiy HacRyHHJio cha^^vb Bsa- 
nepTH H offB BUJiisB ^epesB $opTO^, ycir^BB bb dTy CHacTjm- 
BjH) A^H Hero Hou yKpacTB eqe ^apryEB y crapot oBpetKH. 
Ho y BHKTopa ohb He TpoHyjiB HH^ero, zora na ctojA Jieacajio 

HiCKOJIBIO MOJIOIH H 6ujaL BOe-SaKlH TS^fLBUA WUIE. 

Ob TixB nopB HHKemKa crpamHO npHEfldajicfl Kb BHRTopy, 
nocTOflHHo TepcH Ha ero Kyzni h BcmecKn crapajiCH ycjiysEXB 
any. BHKTopB AaBajiB eicy nopy^eHia, h HHKemica scerAa hchoji- 
H£jiB HXB To^iHO H qecTHO. HspiAsa, noKynafl qT0-HH6yAB au 
BHKTopa, OHB nosBOJUEJiB ce6£ satiisaxB bb sa6aKB h buhhtb 
Ha 6apcKifl rpHBeHHHKB, ho, coBepniHBB »to, ksuulcsl HeiieAJieH- 
H0« HpocTO se CB KBaprapu y BHETOpa HHKorAa HH^ero He 
yicpajiB. 

BHKTopB AftBajiB e¥y HHorAa ipensy. TorAa HHEemEa no- 

eSHBaJICH, HO npHHHMaJIB 9T0, SaEB AOJESHOe, H H6 cepAHJiCH Ha 

cCBoero 6apHHa>. 

n BOTB, STOTB HHEeiHEa piiHHJicji OT^JiaroAapHtB CBoero 
H36aBHTej[E Hixb HH0yAB HOcymiecTBeHHie mcjieexb nocjiyrb. 
SHaa, HTO BHBTopB Bce 6oJiBni6 h 6ojiBine yBJieEaercH JJ^yneft, 
HO He HH^eTb ycnixa, oh*b, nojiBsyacB OTBtsAOHB crapyxH TeiEH 
BB codlAHit ropoAB, FAi OHa Bcsopi csopoHOCTHSHO yHepjia, bu- 
SBajTB pasB JljEJo BenepoHB noryjiflTB, CHaaHBB ee o6'bn^aHieiii 
syoHTB npHHHsoBB. Hnqero ne noAOsp^BaBmaH A'^Bymsa cna- 
najia crporo nocMOTpioia npflMO bb jihi^o HHEeniRb cbohmh nep- 

HBIMH, raiBJIHBUlfH FOiadaUH, HO HOTOMB, HO FOBOp^ HH CJIOBa, Ha- 

XHHyjra ujiaTOEB h Bumaia sa 6paToirB. 

HHEemsa AOJiro 6ajiarypHJiB, h^jtb nicHH, Aasce nycsajicE bb 
npHMAsy no nycTKiHHOfi bb dry nopy ahh jmni h hotomb, 
6yAT0 cjiy^aiHO, CBepnyjrB bb nepeyjiOEB, ta^ shjib Bhstopb. 

Sa^CB, nopOBHHBIHHCB CB SBapTHpoft HOCliAHflTO, OHB H60JRH- 

AaHHO cxBaTHjiB A^ByiHEy Ha pysH h, npeasAO ^iirb OHa ycn'&M 

OnOMHHTBCff, 6tIJrB CB HeiO y»6 BB CftHflXB AOMa. TyTB AyHH 

lyTB 6BIJQL0 He HcnopTHjta HJiaHOBrB HHEemEH, cxBaraBB ero oahoS 
pyEoft 8a HOCB, a Apyroft sa hhshiok) ry6y h BnycTHBB npH 

BTOMB HOFTH BB lijIOy HO HHEeiOBa yS6 OTBOpHJEB ABOpB H BTH- 

CHyjiB A^BymEy bb EOMHaiy. 



120 PyCGKOB BOriTGTBO. 

BEKTopi He Morb AftTB Ha Apyroft xohb otJiHCHenie anaRo- 
msnrb, noieiiy y Hero hoxb npaBum rjiasoirb Tasaa rjiy6oKafl 
i^apaHHHa n no^eny saCEHTOBana ero jr&Bafl pyxa. Ho, HecMO- 
Tpfl Ha dTH ABycHBicieHHBie npHsnasH, ohb ycH&rb yxepaRan 
y ee6B AyHio h jifiLxe Tasi kp^hko, hto ona yse ho nopuaa- 
jiacB yfiTH on nero. Ona AOJiro octaBajKacB ahkhitb, sjioShumi 
SB'bpEOM'by HOJDL^ajia, &ia vKpaAKofi, a njrasajia tojibko Torxa, 
KorAa en hhkto ne BHAajiB; ho noneiiHory, sasajiocB, npHBusjia 
Kb CBoeify HooioseHiH). 

Bhbtopb BCBopdft coBepmeHHO ouaA^^ kb neft m ne npo^B 
6ujrB, ^ro6u ona ymjia otb nero, ho A'i^ByniKa ne o^HapyacH- 
Bajia HH Maji'&flmaro sejiaHifi yftxH. 

Ofla, noBHAHMOMy, npHB^sajiacB eb HeMy, ho KasB-ro oco- 
tieHHO, no CBoeMy. Ona ne pasroBapHBajia cb hhmb, ho OTsiqajui 
Ha ero Bonpocu, rniBHO BsrjiAAUBajia na nero * orHeHHUHH rjia- 
saHd H nepasB ciapajiacB aocs^ahtb eny, hchopthtb ero JiiotfH- 
MyH) BentB, cfijbMTh eiiy 6ojibho« Boo5ii^e OHa rjiy6oKo npflrajta 
CBoe cepAi][e h pacBpuBajia ero tojibko OAHOMy £apo, qepnoiiy, 
ceiepy, KOToparo i^bjioBajia bb caMyio MopAy, cb kotopumb A'i^- 
jiHjia o&bjsib. Ho aa TO TocKOBajia, ecjDLH Bhktopb aojifo ne npn- 
xoAHJTB AOMoft, He jiosHJiacB ciiaTB AO ero BOSBpan^eniH h ch- 
A^ftjia BB HOTeiiKaxB bb yrjiy AHBana, rpycTHO ncAnepeBB rojioay. 
IIpH BosBpan^eniH BeicTopa ona cjierEa BcnuxKBajia pyMHHiieiiB 
Ha cicyrjiuxB jqeKaxB, ho, bcjtIa^ sa t£mb, ho npo?B 6uj[a 
OHATB AOCaAHTB OHy q'fiin>-HH6yAB. 

EorAa OAHasAu Bhktopb cepBeano dB:6ojAjrb, ona npocH- 
SHBajia HaAB hhmb i^iiua ho^h, tfai^AHan, TOCKyH)iiiaA h CTpa* 
AaH)n^afl, ho houoh^h ho yirijia OKasaTB HHKaRoft, ne noMHHJiay 
KOFAa HOAaTB JieKapcTBO, He SHaoia, KaEB nonpaBHTB nocTOJiB. 

npOinjIO HiCKOJIBBO Jl^TB, H BHKTOpB ySO CailB HO MOFB 6u 
npHHHpflTBCH CB BA yXOAOHB. Ona paSBHJiaCB BB HaCTOBHtyK) 

KpacaBHi^ H npHBHSBiBajia ero bb ce6i CTpacTBH), KOTopaa TaH- 
jutcB BB Heft. Ohb Haqajrb noAyMuaaTB o 6paKift, ho ona th'^bho 
H HaoTpisB oTKaaajiacB. 

^ EaKafl HTetiiacena 6yAy; h^sito Tann senu 6uBaioTB? 
He cifift H AyMaTB o6b dTOMi, a to yflAJ* 

Ohb nuTajcH OA^BaTB ee 6oraTo h xopomo^HooHane yuijia 
HOCHTB MOAHBixB HjaTBeBB H AypH&ia BB HHXB. Ona xopoma 
6uMj OA^TaH no irin^aHCEH, napBAHO, ho CBoeoSpasHO, bb 
Ko$T!6, cmHTOft He no TajiiH, vh mejocoBoirB njiaTO^Ki, naABH- 
nyTOMB Ha j[o6b. Bci en ABHasenifl, bb npoTHBopiiie cb rpy- 
6£i]fH padroBopaMH, 6bijih nisHBi, BpacBBU h mhteh, ona Bca 
Aumajia H'firoft npocnyBineftcH cTpacTH... 

jBa TpeTBeHB roAy hxb cosHTencTBa Bhktopb CTajrb co 
CTpaxoMB saniqaTB, mo Aynn 6epeHeHHa. Ho, KorAa ohb saro- 
sapHBajTB oCtb btomb, ona cepAHjmcB h OTpHo^ajia. 



PAGOIATl. 121 

— FjiynocTeBb-TO ho roBopH. Ob lero mk 6uTh Tflsejioft... 
Pan, BeqepKoiTb ona Bumjia h3i> AOMa h ne BOSBpantajiacb 

hAcbojibko AHeft, Tasi hto BeicTOpb yse AyHajii^ hto OHa 6po- 
cua ero. Korxa se Bepnyjiacb, to Ciua CTpamso xyxa m 
<Sjr6AHa; npoAHie npHSHasH Hc^ieajiH., 

y Hea 6ujD[o osho ^yscTBO, KOTopoe 6ejlo napysy, bi ko- 

TOpOWB H6B08M0SH0 6UJI0 COMHiBaiBCH,— dTO Sry^aA HeHaBHCTb 

Kb HHsenxKi. HflRennca Tepniji'b on hoh ropbKyio y^acib. Ohi 
no npeasHeiiy jno6Hjrb saflm Kb BsKropy, ^toCu Bsaib on 
Hero KaKoe-HH6yAb nopyqeme, Bcersa xopomo onjiaquBaeiioe, 
sjEH npocTO nocHAiTbiiTb A^Hbii^HBoirb Ha Kyxwb BoqepiTb. 

Bi 9Tn, EaKb BC&Tb HSBicTHo, DOdTHiecKU MHHyTbi npoofa- 
Hifl AHH HaKomica o6biBHOBeHHO norpysajica bi rpycTHoe na- 
CTpoesde Ajxa, 6pajrb rnrapy h n'&jrb TOHqafiniHKb $ajibi](eTOif-b 
vT0-HH6yAb HenpeviHHO MeiaszojinqecKoe h ceHTHMeHTajibHoe. 
0C066HH0 JBOtfzJTb OHl FA^-TO uoACJiyniaHHyK) ceiiHHapcKyK) nicHK): 
«AiBa npejiecTHaa, A'i^Ba secxoKan, aHren CesiuoAHbix'b ho- 

JIHTB'b>.«. 

3th HHHyTU BceiTta tiuBaju npiHXHu HHienncft, Tivb 60- 
Jc6e, HTo Apyi^ ero AeHbn^HKb ho 8a6biBajrb noAHecrn eny 
piOHKy-Apyryio boabh nn xo3iiftcKaro 6y$eTa. Ho oqeHb qacTO. 
AyHH oxpaBjiMa tipaxy BOCTopn nysuRajibHaro HacTpoemn. 
£^H OHa BXOAHJDia TorAa sa niwb HH6yAb bi> syxnio, xo ne- 
HOAJUi xHypHjia rycxuH, qepHbia 6poBH, cepAHXo BsrjuiAUBajia 
Ha Hero, h bcji en KpacHBafl ^Hrypa, en jOLUfi cxpacxHoe h bu- 
pasHxeAHoe— ABimajEH acryqet, nyraioiiiei aiofioft. 

— A, lyAal — niHa&ia ona, — TyAa so acyjiHKb n'icHn sa- 
ii^i... Boxb, xaKb 6u H paspasHJia noAJieita bi Apetfeara. 
Hpoqb oxcfiOAa! 

A ecjDi HHKeniKa, BcerAa npn dxoHi ciesHBaBmiftcH h sa- 
nxaBmifl,— iiuxajicH xoxb qxo-HHtiyAb BospasHXb, ona osonqa* 
vejtbHo CBHpinija, XBaxaoia ero sa SHAKifi BHxopi h npe6ojiibHO 
xeprajia KHnsy. Ob jiixaHH oea cxajia CHJibHa^ a HEKemsa, h6 
CMoxpn Ha CBOK) Boposaxocxb h naxajibcxBO, BcerAa 6ujn, xpy- 
^Barb. ]^jino OHb npocxo 6ohxch h Bejiaqaarb ee ffoae sa 
^JUtsa He HHaqe, KaKb EsAoideft RopHicBHot. 

EorAa BHKTopb Bumexb vb OTCTasKy h co6Hpaj[Cfl na CBOfi 
zyropby OHb AyHaJTb 5ujto pascxaxbca Cb ^ynefi. Ho bi xy mh- 
Hyxy, Koi^Aft nopimHJTb cfcasaxb eflt 061 aTovb, noqyBCXBOBajorb 
BApypb, qxo He Bi cHJiaxi ocxaanrb ee. Oea cxajia a^h nero 
9ftHi-xo npHBuqHbivb, HeotfxoAHHUMi. Jl^a npHXOMii OHb qyB- 
cxBOBajDTb, qxo Bxo He xaKb JierKo: ^yHH ne corjutcuiacb 6u na 
paaiyKy. 

— TuMeHflHory^HjTby— roBopHJia ona,— xan xa se h xep- 

UH sa 9X0. 



122 PyCGSOS BOrATGTBO. 

H ovb Tepn&Tb e^ TAsejiiaft, sjio^Hui xapaBrepi, en 668a- 
jia6epH0CTB, en HauoHHocr^ bii desnopHAKy. 

KoBUjuocB Tim, 9T0 owb yixajTbHa xyiopiBicicrt c%Het» 
oexaBBBi) HHKemKy sa npoHSBOJH cyAb6u bi» EoHH)in6Bi. 



IX. 

Koi%a BneqaTjiiHiA on HeosBAaHHoft CMeprH crapHBa Ba- 
xyjioBa HeHHoro yaer^CB, Bhrtopii BcnoicHHJii onmb o Tftx^b^ 
KOMI coBc:&]rb 6u3lo satfiijrb Kb bth Tnasejiue jsm Hero ahh^ 
ceML<6 A6a80B£irb h, rjiasHoe, o&b Osbvi. H Easb tojibko 
BcnouHHjTb, eHy ceflqaci se crajio KasinTO oco($6hho patocTHO 
Ha cepAci'&y Kasi 6uBaen BecHOK) B'b CB^Tjruft, Teuut achb, 
Eorxa nocji'6 HeAasHHX'b HenoroA^ naxHen, Bxpyrb, Teojuoirb h 

paAOCTBK). 

I&xaib Ki A6a80B£iirb, norpysHTbCH Kb qHCTyio aTMoc^epy 
qecTHoft, APJacHoft combb, a rjiaBHoe, ohhtb yBBAft^b Ojibry, 
npHFJiJiAbiBaTBCH Kb Bs MBJiOMy jiHii^y, cjiymaib e^rojiocrb,— bote 
qero xoT&iocb xenepB eiiy, o qeifb ohi AyvaorB. H lyn se BcnoM- 
Hsjacb eiiy ero coCcTBeHHaa acHSHeHHan oGciaHOBBa, Mpasib era 

BOCbMEJliTHiirO COSHTejEBCTBa Cb AyHeft, CBflSH HHCTO aSHBOTHOft, 

HanojiHeHHoft oahhmh qyBCTBeHHUHn BOCTopraMH, 6en HaiieRa 
Aase Ha ^to-jihCo AyxoBHoe. 

Hsii rjiy6HHKr MHHyBinaro na nero hob^jio tbhoS. TaMi^ 
B'b dTOHii MHHyBmeirb, ho 61JJ10 A&ace heicjih Heirb-jiH6o no- 
BKime Kyreseft h pasBpaxa* H npa tomi Tocsa, Tocca, Kasb 
6yAT0 CTOH'b AymH; nopaCon^eHHoft oahhmh r&iecHHMH no6yas- 
AeHiflMH. 

CouHiHifl H^Tb, OH^ caoco6eHB Kb jiyHmeMy, ohi xHroTHjaiCH 
nomjiocTbfo, sasAajrb kb tjl^6eiA AyniH CBixa, ho notfya^eHlH 
9TH. BcerAa cnajin h npocHyTca-jiH KorAa-jmtio — oahrb EorB 
snaerb. HaA'B HHVb CHjiBHa AecnoxH^ecKaH BJiacTb T&ia, aroro 
Moryiaro, nycKyjiHCTaro, KpacHsaro rljia, HeyroMuaro, roiOBara 
apoTHBOCTOATB paspynTHTejLBHKUTB BjuHHiflMB BHHa, pasryjia, 6e9- 
coHHurB Hoqeft. 

BHKTOpy CB 0C066HH0t ACHOCTBH) BCHOMHHJHCB rt P^AKIh^ 

HO sry^H MrHOBeaiH, EOTopbiH ohi> nepesHBajTB HHorAa kb 
HpomeAffleui. Ebisajio, chahtb ohi kb KOnnaHiH lOBapHnteft h 
oseHiiiHHB rA'i-HH6yAb kb KadHHert njioxoHBKaro npoBHHiuajiB- 
naro pecTopana. Yciajibift jiaKeft ynocHn nycTbia tiyTbUKE, ho- 
ceTi HOBbiJi, HOJiHBia KHCJiaro BenrepcKaro BHHa, na CTOjrfi 
ocTaiEH ysHHa; aceHniHHbi pacKpacnijiHCB, Ha bc^xb juii^ax'B 
nenaiB HCKyccTBOHnaro, neecTecTBeHHaro B035yasAeHiH. 

Haotb ^acB sa qacoM^B; nepeouio aa hojiho^b; crpaciK 
paaropaioTCH, no vipi loro, Kara jnma Cji^AHiiOTB. Cjui^ 



PACMATA. • 12a 

maTCH 6e8o6pa3Hue aHeBAOxH, pasAaioTCH He^HCTue nou&iyH. 
n BOTB, Bcerxa 6BiBajio xaicb, tto EniSTOpy, BApyrb, ch ne- 
crepnHHot 6ojiim yxapHn vh cepjme ne^tajiB no neirb-TO nevb- 
XOMOHi), HO npeKpacHOMi, no qeirb-To TaKon, ^to HanoiiHHTb 
Becny, HaflcKOe rojiytfoe He6o, CBirb jiaunaAU y Kioxa vh jAt- 
CKoft, Tj^% 6uBaj[o, sacunaji'b ohi* TasB cjiaARO pe6eHK0irb, no^ 
ii;&ryft mbjeuxi ycTB MaTepH, en iiHrKyio, jiacKOByio pyKy. H 
Bcer^a BcnoHnnajLOCB 3to hmohho cpoAs no^Rot opris, vb pas- 
rap^b Toro BecejibA, KOiopuirb om shji'b, na KOTopoe TpaTHorb 

CBOn CHJIU. 

Owb onaTb BcnoMHHaj[i> npo OjiBry, npo CBoe neiiOHoe, ho* 
OQpeAiftjieHHoe nyBCiBo ki> net. Owb ne 6yjLerb HimaTb Bjiaw: 
Hipy, Aa 0Hi> s ne AyHaerb BjcaAHuipi. EBfy npocTo xopomo 
npHnoMHHTb BaeqaTJi:bHiB orb BCTpiqii ci> Ojibroft, KaEi xopomo 
CuBaen BcnoMHHib Tenjuoiii) h achomi BeceHeeirb AH'i^- 

Snaji, HOBafl, HesAaHHan Mucjib poAnjiacb vb Heirb, bos- 
poua H 6ojLhio yxapHja wb cepxae. BnepBue sa B(r& sth BoceHb 
jrbTb BcnoHHHJiocb eny, hto owb BUHOBenii nepe^i) JI^yHet, npe-- 
CTyneHTi npeAi> nefi. Botb, HMeHHo, xenepb, Kor^a oH'b cmbf- 
^aeiCH Aymofi, Kor^a ohi> pacKpuBaerb cepme JiyqnsRirb no6ys- 
AemflM'b, Ror^a oTbiCKHBaeii bi> CBoeft Ay mi qejioBiEa, nueHHO, 
Tenepb-TO oni h npHnoMBHaeTb ce&h^ c% 668nontaAHOK) flCHOCTbio 
npoAcraBjiJierb Bsny cbok) nepeAi> ^ynet. Kacrb snaTb, hto buujjio 

^£1 BSli BTOft KeHn^HHU SpH BHUXl yCJIOBinXl? Ona, 6BITb 110-* 

Serb, Bbinum 6bi saMysT*, Hcnuiajiia 6u HacTOJiniyH) iiH)6oBb, 
nosnajia 6u paAocTb ifaiepBHcxBa. A OH'b jLHrnHjn ee Bcero 
BToro; OHi He npocTO cofijiasHHji'b ee, a bshjii chjioI, rpyCo^ 
noAJio, 6e8i> naMeica na jiK)6oBb, npocio paAH OAHoft shbothoS 
CTpacTH. Eny BcnoiiHHjiocb, BApyn, OTqexjiHBO, 6ojii3HeHHo, 
EaKi njiaKajia OHa, Kasi na KOJii^HflX'b yuojiHJia ero. B noxoirb, 
Easi CHA&ia OHa, xo^ho cpasenHan ^'fiM'b-xo HeBHHOCHMO ysac- 
HbiiTb, HHSKO onycxflBi KpacHByio rojiOBy cb notijiiAHi^BniBM'b 
jinnom>. Ob KaKHMi HenepeAaBaeiibiirb lyBcxBOM^b npoHSHecjia 
OHa, 6pocHBi BApyrb o6'& pyKH bbhsi: 

— 3ary6HJiH, saryfiHjiH!.. 

S Cojibme HH OAHoro cjioBa ynpoEa. 3ary6Hjiiif, ho BOpoxHXbt 

A 3X0 Hc^esHOBeHie en na nicKOJibEO AHefl wb xoti nepioAi^ 
KorAa OHa xasajiacb 6epeHeHHofl* KaRi> Maao ohi o6paxHjrb na 
3X0 BHHMaHin Fb xo BpeMH. Tenepb Aposb nponuia no Bceiiy 
ero xijiy. Heyacejin, neysejiH y hob 6hurb petienoKb?.. Bhe- 
xop^ oUBXb B3APorHyjrb. 

Hixi>,— AyMaxb 061 aroirb 6biJio oiBinKoirb xBsejio*.. Ovb 
onuxb BepnyjiCA MucjibH) ki ACasoBuirb h neiiHoro cnycxfl ne- 
jdji sajioacHXb jKomaAb h no^bxajii vb BacHjibeBCKii. 

^opora 6toajia vb ropy, xyxa, r^b nsii-sa Kyni AepeBbOB^ 
jse CBepEajiH sojioxuhh EpecxauH i^epBBH ropoAa. Tan, sa 



124 * PyCGKOB BOrATGTBO. 

8TH1IH sjnaMH ecTB HTO-To, "iTo HanojiHAorb cepffie BHSiopa 
npeA^yBCTBieirb hhsixi, hhctbixi pa^ocTeft. 

Oh-b po6ko nosBOHHJTb 7 ABepeft Aona AtJaaoBUXi h HeyBi- 
peHHo BomejTb B^b rocTHHyio. EaiepHHa HsaHOBHa He ysnajia ero 
CHaiajia, ho noroirb, ysnaB'B, o6paAOBajiacB. 

— Hy, vso^ KaKb naorb MHjiuft BjiaA^Mipb ApftasBeBa^'B ce6B 
^yBCTByen?.. — Axi, axi, axi, KaKoe nec^acTiel H savb, KOHe^HO, 
Mxejio, HO KasoBO eicy-TO... arB^ axB, axi... 

— PaiBi BojiOAH He Ceutb y Baci?— ciipocHjrb Bhktopi. 

— HirB en^e. SanHCRy npHCJUuii, a cavi enie ho 6ujrB. .. 
AxB, axB... H Kasoft npoEpacHBifi 5£urB crapHK'B. RaKi> iiu ro- 
peBajnH, Korsa ysaajiH... 

Bomjia H)ji[eHBKa, CKpoMHO npHcijia h bch BcnuxHyjia, 

BCnOMHHBB, TTO OHa BJIH>6j[eHa Bl 3T0r0 rOCTH. BsKTOpB CB 

yjiOBOJiBCTBieHi noTMf,ijn> na en xopomeHBKoe juiqHKO h no- 
HyBCTBOBajiB, HTo BTO JLH^HKO, T^Kb yxHBHT6jiB90 HanoMHHaBmee 
SBUfi CTapmeft cecrpu, Aoporo eHy. H ohhtb ohb xynajTB 061 
Ojibi^ h CBoeMi HaqHHaion^eMCH ^bctb^^. 

HsB Ea6HHeTa Buinejii A6a30BB h coqyBCTBeHHO noacajn* 
pyRy rocTK). AieRclio 6eAopoBH?y xot^jiocb 6u CRasaxB, ^to 
OHB 6fiijrB ray6oRO nopasoHB, ysHaarB CMepTH cxaparo BaRy- 
JOBa, TTO OHi, AjieRd^fi OeAoposHqif jm6un h yBaiicajiiB aroro 
^ejiOBiKa^ HO A6a30VB ne CRaaajTB HHiero h tojibro iioji^a TpncrB 
pyKy BesTopa. Euy, AfiasoBy, nejiBSH nacTpanBaxB ce6H na 
rpycTHuft TOHB, HejiBsa npHHHMaTB 6jin3RO BB cepwy KaKifl 6hl 
TO HH 6BIJI0 neqajiH. Owb AoasenB homhhtb, qio rpycTB, orop- 
HeniH HCToqaiorB qejioBisa, noApuBaioTB ero chjibi, a A6a^0By 
CHjiii HysHU AM pa6oTH Ha ccmbk). Ob% cRasajiB en^e ni- 

CROJUBEO CJIOBB SCOHi H, HBBBHHBinHCB UepOAB TOCTeHB, ymeJTB 

BB Kj[y6B CBHrpaTB o($uqHyK) qerseproByH) napTiio 6e8HKa. 

noTOVB npHOLsa Oj[Bra h lose noroBopHJia ofii) yMepmeMii, 
KOToparo HbcROJiBRO pasi Bcrp^qajia y snaROMiix'B, b ropi 
BjiaAHMipa ApsaABesHqa. 

Bhrtop'b npocHA'fiJi'B nijiut BeqepB y A6a80Bux% h ho sa- 
M^qajTB, RaEB Bpenn HAeiB. SBLeHmHHu patfoiaiH j Rpyrjiaro 
o6iAeHHaro crojia; ji^xe MajieHBKaH Bapa, h la qTO-TO sflsajia 

AJUIHHBIirB EOCTHHUITB BpfOqEOUB, EOTOpUft H6 KHOFO. CUJII HeHB- 

Hie en. H)jieHBBa h JIflAoqRa menrajiHCB uesAy co6ok) h xhxh- 
Kaj[H, H3p:6ARft BsrjiAAUBaH na rocTa jiyEaBfiiMH h bm^ctA aa- 
<^HqnB£iiCH rjiasKaicH, a RaiepHna HBanoBna, xio6HBinaH noro- 
BopHTB, 6e9B yMOJiKy padCRasuBaaa tohb, KasB ona 6uaa 
ApysHa CB noRoftHoi HaTepBio BiiaAHMipa ApRaAbeBHqa h RaR^ 
ropeeajia npH ROHqHH^ nocjr&AHeft. . 

Ona, KaxepHHa HBanoBHa, sHajia h BflRTopoBy iiaiB, ho 
MeHBine. H Boo6n^e cbubh BaRyjiOBLin BcerAa 6ujia 6AH8Ra h 
xopora ea, KaTcpHHu HBaHOBHu, cepAi^y; ToqHO CBBime onpe- 



PAGIUATA. 125 

jiijOHo eft, KaxepHHi HBanoBHi, npcTBOBaTb Kjmot oropqeniA 
BaEjjoBBin. 

BBKTopi cb [jAOBOJBCTBiem nouepsHBEjnb pasroBopi ch 
A6adOBoft, HO rjiasa h cepme ero 6ujin Aftunie, Ha tomi koh- 
il'fi CTOJia, FAi) CK<iOHHBi> xopomeHBKyK) pycjH) rojiOBKy ki 
mHTBK), aKxypaiHO h yHijto pa6oTaj[a MajieHBRHMH, KpacHBuiiH 
pyKaMH OjiBra. JI^iByiEKa paCoxajia npHjieaRHO, ho no saropas- 
niHMca . ea ymEairb Bhetop^ SHaorb, hto ona qyacTByen na ce6% 
ero BsrjiHA'^. Pasa ABa ona noAHfljia na nero jiy^HCTHe rjiasa 
H o6a pasa CucTpo onyciHJia hxi, uerKa xMypH tiijiuft jio6b. 
BHBTopi noHHHaAi, HTO ona ne OAoGp^ierb ero Bocropsen- 
Haro Bdopa, ho qro bi> caiioHi» OTAgJieHHOirB laflHHKi en cepAi^a 
meBejLBTca tfjiaroAapHoe n Heiiy HyseiBO. BjutroAapnoe,— bo- 
npera ea sejutfliio. 



X. 

Ho noTOMi ero oxBaiuBajia po6oGTB. Om ynpeEaoii ce6a 

Vh CaMOHSA'iflHHOCTH, HCHO BHA&DLl, ^TO A^BymiCa BOBCe H HO 

AynaerB o neui h ho saiiiHaerB ero, hto to, hto ohb npnHH- 
iiajii 8a BHpaseHie npoCysAaion^arocH wb en Aynii co^yscTBia 
Kb neify, — hb^to HHoe, Rasi npociaa b^jkjihboctb xosHflKH s'l 
roGTio. ToFAa ofb naAan'B jij:L6wb h Ha vrHOBeme BecB ulpi> 
sasajicji eMy HcnoJiHeHHiiMi neqajiH, RaKi vb to BpoH^, KOi^a 
BJiajiH vb 6ijrafl, nosyiieHTOirB yKpameHHuft rpofe Aopororo eny 
noRoftHHRa ApRigUH GTenanoBHHa. 

Ho, ROFAa BHRTopi npocTBJicji ci zoBHeBaMH nocjri^ ysHHa h 
ROFAa EaTopBHa HBaHOsna h Ojibra nomjoH npoBOAHTB ero, ohi^ 
CHOsa opoHHTajii Bi flCHBixi, CB^^TJoixi rjnasaxx A^BymRH, Aep- 
saBmefi CBiny bi TOMHoft npHxooRefi, ?to-to TaRoe, ^to sacTa- 
BHJio 8a6HTbCJi ero cepAite. TorAa eMy saxoT^ocB npHAyHaTB 
HT0-HH6yAB, qroCu xotb Ha MHHyTy en^e ocTaTBCH b6jih8h Ojiliii. 
HaA^Bi najUBTO h sacTernyBmHCB, ohi en^e paai noAomeJTB ri 
EaTopBHi HBaHOBHi H npoTflHyjiii eft pyRy. 

— ^0 CBBAaHiii,— cRasaii om>. — Bii ne noBipHTe, rertb 
H y Baci OTAOXHyjii Aymoft. 

— ^0 CBBAaBifl, — JiacROBO OTB^TBJia A6a80Ba, — saisacaftTe 
Han^e, icu BaMi BcerAa paAU... 

EoTOMi) oKb noBepHyjiCH co cnoBaBB npon^amn Kb Osbvb h 
€1 HacjiasAeHieM'B nonyBCTBOBaji's, RaRi en MaseHBRaH pyRano- 
TOHyjua Bb ero orpoMHOft pyR%. Eiiy jrbjiro 6ujiio BunycRaTB 
dry pyRy, h oub Jicuie, niwb RorAa-JiiB6o, noHyBCTBOBam, qro 

HOJnoGHJTB HOBOft, HBCTOft, AOTOJUt HeHSB^CTHOfi OMy JIK)60BbI0. 

Ohi ixajii no TOMHoft Aopori, hoa'b nepHBUfB He6oirfc, yRpu- 
Tum TynaHB, b fjmsk ero jiBROBaoia. Oai ne OTAaBas'b ce6i 



126 P7CCK0B BOrATCTBO. 

OT^eia Bi TOHi, HTO CyAen A'^aTB sajiBme, reki npEicEipErb 
CBOK) BJiio6ji6HHocTB B'B OjiBFy ch HaM^pemeirb BjiaAHMipa, KaK'B 
pimHTCfl ciaib conepHHSoiTB ABOiopoAHOicy 6paTy, h pimaTCH-jia, 
H HaAO-Jifi[ p'ImaTBCfl. Ohi npocio OTAasajicji HenecpeACTBeHHOMy 
HOBoicy a HHCTOHy HyBCTBy. H Bnepsue sa bck) cboio jrbshb 
Bspocjiaro ^ejiOBiRa ohx oxHecHJiCH bi Ajni^ ex rjiyfioKHicb yBa* 
^RemeiTb ri xeHn^HHi, He nosBOJiflA ce6i hh oAHoft He^HCToft 

MHCJIH OTHOCHTeJIbHO OjUBPH. A dTO 6iiIJI0 fiflS HerO HOBO H He- 
npHBUHHO. 

KaiepHHa HBaHOBHa AOJiro en^e CHA^^a b% aiorb se^epi) cb 
pa6oTofi Bi pyRan e see Aynajia OAHy Ay My. A6a30Ba xopomo 
BExka^y HTO BjiaAHMipi ApKaABeBEHi yxaxHBaerB sa OjiBrofi. 

Ofia xoxijia aToro 6paRa. UpaBAa, BpeiceHauH ^to-to TpeBO- 
SBJio cepAii;e HaTepa; TaMi», bi aToici cepAii'l, poejihcb BaKin- 
TO HasoflJiHBUfl onaceHiA, ho KaiepnHa jJlBanoBHa BcnoMEHaJia 
TOM-B, HTO roAa Hepesi ABa-ipn y hbh ea pyKaxi oiyTflxca 
en^e ab% AiBymKH-neBicTH, a TaMii CTanyrB noApociaTB Bapa 

CB JleHOHROfi, H HTO BjiaAEMipi ApBaABeBEHl 6oraHl>, ROTOpHft 

Moaserb Bcixi bxx o6e3neHHTB. H TorAa 6oJii8HeHHUH ioicjie 
yxoAME npo%. 

SaxoHeTB-jdi OjiBra? MaxB He eoMH'i^BajiacB bi BejiHROAy- 
mlH-AO^epH, Ayvajia, ^ito Ojibra noflMeiB rb nepcneBTHBU, ro- 

TOpUfl CBflSaHfil M^ CeMBH CB dTEBfB 6p^K0Wb. ^a RaRB HO HO- 

sejiaTB BK[flTH sa dToro ^eaioB^Ra? Mojioa'b, co6oft ne Ayp^H'^^ 
6orarB. 

— XyffB OHi oqeHB,— AyMajia KaiepHHa HBanoBHa,— co- 
Bciui, HaxjEuft RaROft-TO; Aa h Bcb bb aioft ceuBi (Sojibheisch 
pocjiH. — Ho sartMB OHa rjiyfioRo npaTajia bb ce6i kjmj o tomb, 
^TO H BTo He 6oJiBmafl 6tAa. Ecjih OjienRa h OBAOBiexB, to... 
cpeACTBa-TO Bce-ate ocTaHyica y ubh. 

Ho axy hucub KaTepsHa HBanoBHa cu'lmajia saaepeiB 
Bi xaflHHRi cepAi^a, a napyjRy BunycRajia CHnpoHHUfl coo6pa- 
^eniji: 

— Bee B'B pyi^-l 6osieft. BesB ero CBflxoi bojih hh^to ne 
coBepmaeica. H RaRi hbmb snaiB, hto a^^ nacB Jiy^me, ^ro 
xyjR6? Saxo^erB BcediJiarift, e BuflAexB Ojie^Ra sa BaRyjiOBa, e 
BjiaAEMipB ApRaABeBEqi 6yAeTB SAopoBi. 

H ysB roho^ho KaiepHHa HBaeoBa ho acejiana saicinaiB, 
TTO ona-io caica cipeMHicH BceiaRB Cosbk) bojik) HanpaBjiHiB 
no co6ciBeHHUM*B CBOHMi coo6paseHiHtfB. 

Koma, HepesB a^hb nocjii nccin^ema BeRiopa, nplixajii 
B'B ACasoBBiMi BjDLaAHMipB BaRyjtoB'B, KaiepHHa HBanoBHa ne- 
JiHi^eMlpHo oCpaAOBaJiacB rociK)^ BCipiiHJia ero, RaRi poAHoro, 
H He myiH BcnoiaRHyjia, bchomhhbb neAaBHioK) ero yipaiy.. 3a- 
liifBOHaociaBBJia ero BABoeiiBCB OjuBroft, a caua yniJia B'B cnajiB- 
nyio H ropa^o MOJiBJiacB nepeAi oGpasoifB o toitb, Hio6ia bojih 



PACniATA. 127 

Pocnoxa coBepmEJiacB no ea yRasaniflm, h OjoieHKa CTajia 6u 
Hes^TOfl BjiaAHMipa ApicasBeBHHa. 

Omra AoravisajnacB o HanipeHlaxi BjiaAHMipa ApsaABesHHa, 

HO CTpnUIHJiaCB BTOrO. H, BUicrt Cb lilTb, OHa HyBCTBOBaJia, HTO 

yse He Hiff^^en coCcTBeHHofl Bojni, hto BjnaAHndpi ApEaAbOBHTb 
rjuffCTB na nee, OjiBry, saicB na ni^TO, npHnaAAexantee eny, 
H, ecjiH saxoHen o6iiflBHXb o TOirb, ona, Ojubra, ne pimoTca 
<^nopHTB* Ona yse na nojiOBHHy ero co6cTBeHHOCTb, noroify hto 
Toro, ROHe^HO, xo^erB MaiB, xo^en oieiti, noTOMy hto 9to 
HyacHo H jifiA lOjieHBKH, H ffla JIhaohkh, h jifla MJiaAmeft a%t- 
Bopu, H xase jifls. 6paTa JleoHHAa, xota owb yace Bspocjiuft h 
coAepsHTL ce6ji cj[jx6oft. IlycTB cepwe ea paspuBaercfl orb 
xajiocTH Ki ceGi caHoJI, ona ne nocifien npeicocJiOBBTB Ma- 

TOpH H JSfiCTh CB06 COFJiaCie, H 8a6yxeTB O TOITB, hto dTOTb BH- 

<^Kift H TaKOft yacacaionte xyAofi nejiOBtRi cb xojioahumh h no- 
CTOJiJIHO BJiaSHHMH pyRaMH BOsCyscAaeTB Bl H6ft HoapiHTHoe 
HyBCTBO. n He TOJiBEO OHa sHaoTB, HTO yxo HOHTH HpsiiiaAJie- 
jBHTb eMy, HO H OHB HecoMH'&HHO HyBCTByorB CBOH Dpasa Ha 
Hee, OTToro^TO h TJLBjsfiTb Ha Hee TasHMB acaAHuiTB, Bocnajien- 
HUMi BsruAOMi, KOTopfiift CTHAHrB H oCHjKaeTB ee. 

Bo BpeMa pasroBopa BJnaAHHipx, Roropuft, A'bfiCTBHTeJiBHO, 
He cnycKajn'B xhhihbix'b nan cb en CBisaro MOJioAoro jmjqa, 

HporOBOpHJI'B CB ABEUU1> BOJIHeHieiCB Bl FOJioci: 

— A a Bce co6Hpajica CRasaTB Ban roo-hto, Aa TaRi h ho 
<X)6paj[ica. 

^iByniRa saHepjua otb ysaca: ona HOHHHajia, na hto naHe- 
xaerB foctb. Ho, xora BcaRift naMORB co CTopoHu BjiaAHMlpa 
Ha ero jiio6obb kt> nefi nosepraji'B ee bi OTnaanie, ona He 

MOTM HO CnpOCHTB FJiyXHlfl, HOAaBJieHHUlTB rOJIOCOlTB: 

— ^TO se TaKoe? 

— TenepB HeyAo6Ho ropopHTB, noTOMy hto... SaaeTe, ne- 
xaBHO yMep'B y Mena OTei^i... Hy, aA) botb, nepesB HeA^Juo 
HcnomHTca drorB npecjioByTfiift copoROBoft aohb, TorAa ysi 
CB3XJ.,. Yxb CRasy HenpeM'iHHO*.. 

Ohb caMOAOBOJiBHO sacMiajica h TOTnaci saRamjiajica xpHn- 

JmCB, HyHHTeJIBBHHB RamjieMB. 

Ohb sHajii, HTO Ojibra noHHHaerB ero HaiieRiy h Cujtb jwb- 
peni, HTO OHa cnacTJiHBa oti Ha^exAfii CTaTB ero a^eaoft. Eny 

XOT^JIOCB CROpie OCHaCTJIHBHTB 06 COBC^Hl, HO, Ayi^SLHl OHB, Bl 

cyn^HocTH MoacHO h noAosAaTB noA^BRy. Bce pasHO, ona yse 
ero h yace sHaeTi, hto ohi ea senHxi. H owb co CTpacTHOCTBio^ 
CBoftcTBeHHOK) 8Toro poAa 6ojiBHiiiifi, pasraaAUBaJTb ea jihao h 
.^Hrypy ne BHOJHi hhctuitb BsrjiaAOirB. 

BenepoMB Toro ace AHa bi ea ROMHaTy Bomaa EaTepHHa 
HBanoBHa. 



128 P7CCE0B BOFATCISO. 

— %o, OjneHKa,— CKasajTb om leGi ^J0-HH6y«B? — cnpocEjra 
ona, caABCB Ha KpoBaiB AonepH. * 

OjiBra BCA BCnuxHyjia h c*b yKopoMi* norjux^a Ha MaxB. 

— He roBopHTe, HHnero, H]iqer6 ne roBopare npo bto,-^ 
CKasajna ona ckbosb cjiesH. 

— ?T0 Tu, AiBOHRa, xa pasBi ofb TeCib He no cepxay? 

— FocnoxH! — ffi, pasBi bh ne BHXRTe, hto ohi na nojKK 
BHBy MopiBeAi? 

— Hy, HTO Tu? EoFb ci To6ofl... PascoiaBHJUi ero 6ojib* 
Hsnn, Aft H Bce Tyrb... A no Moeiiy, laRi vysuHa xotb Kyxa..^ 

— Maifa, rojuyfiHHK^B, ne roBopHTe HH?ero... ^aftie Mni co6- 
paiBCJi ci MucjifliiH, o6xyMaTB... 

H HaTB, HyBCTBya cbobitb aseHCKHirB cepwBMB, hto bi cepxi^i 
AonepH coBepmaercA BasHuft nepejiOMB, He nacraHBajia h Bunuia^ 
MOJiu nepeKpecTHBx xo^b. 

Ha xpyrofl x^hb EaTepHna HBaHOBna BcerasH ysnajia 
orb xonepH cynpocTB ea pasroBopa cb BaaxHifipoiii ApsaxBe- 
BHHeiTB H o6paxoBaj[acB, npexBHXH 6jiH8RyK) pasBasRy x^jia. Ona 
HHKOiiy He CKaaajia o6% btoitb, Rpoici xoB'IpeHHoft CBoeft, RyxapRH 
HacTacBH, bi ROTopyio Bi^pajia 9 ri ROTopoft nyBCiBOBajia yBa- 
seHie. A pascRasaiB 6ujiio Heo6zoxHMo: BcaRaa lafina, Tbu% 
6ojiie paxocTHaa, T^roTHJia en xymy. Ho AjieRcift OexopoBEHi 
HHHero He ysnajiB npexnojioacemflz^ »eHu; eMy nejcbafl 6hao 
OTRpHBaiB TaRBxi B0JiHjK)n;HXi> cooCpaseHift. . 

OjiBra Bce 6ojiiie h 60^ naxajia xy^oMi. Ona noHHMajiay 
HTO MaTB acejia^TB eft xo6pa h hto npexnojiaraeirafl 6paRi cy- 
HiiecTBefiHO Baa:eHi ji^a, Bceft ceuBH. Ho xepiBa RasajiacB CBume 
cnjn». Torxa Ojubi^ npBnoHHHJuocB, hto cTapmlft 6parB oa, 
JleoHHXB, xaR'B nepeMiHBBmificfl sa nocjuixBie roxu, jiioChji'b, vb 

TpyXHJUH MBByiH JRB8HB, SaxyM^BBO ZOXfl BO ROHHaT^, HOBIO- 

P^tb: 

— ^a He CHyn^aeicfl cepxi^e Bame... 

Ho efl cepwsfi TenepB 6ujlo cuymfiuo. Ea aRBSHeHHRft nyiB 
sacTHJiaJio ne^ajiBK), eft 6ujlo jRajiB ce6B, CBoeft mojioxoctb, xo- 
r&DOCB jiBHHaro cnacTifl. 

XoT%jiocB eft TaRse yBHxiiB on;siTB cBoero saxyMHHBara 
6paTa, ycjiuinaTB bsi ero yen: 

€fifi He CMyn^aeTca cepxi^e Banie>..« 

n. ByjIUFHHB. 

(UpodoAoiceHie cXtbdyefm). 



Ha-L HCTopiH erpeMJieHifi xy^oHCHHRa. 



„8a]i£HyT0CTB H ysocTB TpoxyDT^ H 
Tj6arb mffkrb caMux'L npeiecTHUxi 
TBopenift Tocnoxa Bora** (Klaubert, 
Correspondance, II, 5). „BcK)X7 yso- 
pa^HBaDTCA BejHHeeTBeHHEEfl 6oraT- 
eTBa npepoxii, Tasib hto Korxa hu ee 
odnapysHBaeifb b% es. x;iBCTBeHHOM% 
coBepmeHCTB^, ona Had yj^HBiAeri, 
sas'L ^yxo OTKpoBeHifl*' (EUabert, Par 
les champs et par les grdves, 153). 

dliqHOCTB BiiiAaDn^kflOfl — vb obooitb po;^, to se, ^ro xjAOse^ 
cTBeHHoe npoH3Be](6Hie. 3to — ooeAHHeHie oBoficiBi, mhofo pasi Borpi- 
^aeHuxi 7 jipyrwrb xnxeft, ho bi a&hhomi ejrpuBk% fijiaroxapfl ooo- 
tioHHoft E0M6HHaiUi[ Hxi, oCfHapysHBaDiOHrb TaKifl ^eprs, KoropuA 
7 js:pjTBTb HaxoAflTCfl Vb oxpHTOiTb HJiH BaqaToqHOifb coQTOflHiH. no- 
8T01C7, KaK'L H X7AOxecTBeHHoe npoii3BeA6Hle, Tasaa jmqHocTb uojib- 
37eTCfl flpHBHJierifi B0867iuaTb vb cetii ABoftHOft Hsiepeci* — ^HHrepecL 
^ero-TO o^eHB fimsKaro h BHasoMaro, h bi to se Bpemi ^ero-TO 
coBciirs HOBaro. Bi btoitb omicii ohchb apHMi^HaTeiBHa inHOCTb 
TDcraBa ^loSepa, ooBepmesHO HeBBBtcTHaro ^ATann^eft jrj6jnaA no- 
MHMO Ha;i[ijD[aBineft 1117M7 h non7J[flpHofi «r-sH BoBapH>. Bi ero or- 
HomeHiAX'L Kb jozee h 1CK700TB7, EaKi oHz o6Hap7aKHBai)Toa bi 
ero WTEipexTOMHoft nepenncKi, mh Ha zsMHowb inar7 BCTpfiueirB 

^epTH, CBOfiCTBeHHUfl O^OHL HHOrHM'L X7A0SHHKai(TrnH6aTeJUUrB, — 

H peaiHcraHi, KaEi» TeTO hu TojiotoA, h poMaHTHKan, saK^ BaS- 

POHB BO. rnro. Ho SBaKOMHfl HaiTL ^epTU OEOH6HHHpOBaHU 7 $10- 

. 6epa coBepmeHHo CBOeo6pa3HO h n0T0M7 npeAoraBJUiDTb cBoft 006- 

OTBeHHUtt HHTOpeCB. 

B-b HOMHOrHTB GJIOBaX'B, — HHTOpeCB STOTb o670J[0BIHBaeT0fl OBOe- 

o6pa3HO& K0M6flHaii;ieft AB7x'b OTpeiueHift: HenaBHOTH MeTraTOJU-noa- 

Ta Kb TipOdfb O6BIA6HHO& aSHBHH H HeTTOMHHOft CTpaCTH Kb HOft X7- 

AOSHHRa, B0367SAaeH0ft OTpeiueHieirs HCKaTB Buxo/^a hbi hoh ho b% 
CBo6oAHOlt Hrpl ^aHTasiH, a vb Hoft caMOlt, hxh Bipnie — b-b 
Kponn^OMCfl no;^ Heft 6oraTCTBi^ xhshh. 



130 PyCGKOS BOrATGTBO. 



I. 



CaMuft BHAanni^eitGfl ooo6eHHocTBi) $j[o6epa 6kuo ero crpacTHoe 
HeroAOBaHie npornBi nomiooTH o6uAeHHOfl shshe, npOTEBi hh^oso- 
OTBa efl co;^epHasiii. Gi jifiAjijijBmaArEaTO Boapacra, Kb Te^enie co- 
poKa jrfcTB, owb H jcTHO a nHCBMeHHO piAKo ynyoRai'B cjrfHaft, tto- 
6u TaKx HIE HHa^e ho Bupasatb btofo st^ymeBHaro ^ysoiBa cBoero. 
Jiflxe 12-TEiiTSHirB MaiBiEsoirB owb amnerB: tsaKi vsjuu jhdah, 
KaKi orpaHHqeH'b HapoAi»!> *). tllomjiocTB shbhh, sorAa noAOft^^einB ri 
Hett 6j[Hxe, BocKjmi^aeTb oh'b jipsro onyom, HaBO^HTB rpyciB ao Tom- 
HOTH> **). cBi 608;^^ BHCHTB cTOJiBRO Tynoyidfl, saiyerofl ohi 
MEi-TO, TTO ;^oxoflHmB ^0 oaecTOTOHia> ***). Owb cb co^yBCTBieM'B 
BcnoMHHaoTB Byaxo, yTBepsAaBmaro, ^to riynoGTE, EOTopna owb 
cjmuiHTB vb aRaAeidfl, ycKopaDTB ero KOi^HHy. Cam owb aa- 
xe saTpyAHfljicfl noAo6paTB AOcraTono cmiBHUfl BHpaaceHifl, tto- 
6u AftTB HcxoA'B OBoeny BOSMyn^eHiD npoTEBB roonoACTBa nonuo- 
OTH. «Axi, oTHero n ne Mory shtb cpe^H 6eAyHH0BT>I Moh oooiene- 

OTBeHHHKH BHymaDTB MHi TfBCTBO TOmHOTU. Ha Heifl HaXOJ^ffTB 

KaiapaKTU, pisH, oKeaHH rpycTH> ****), Bt> ooo6eHHOCTK se 
Hdi> oe6a ero BtiBOAflTB «6ypxya>. IIoiiuoctb 6ypsya npeji^oraBifleTCfl 
eicy itui^TO «ROJroccaxBfliiM'B, rHraHTOKHM'B, coKpymanmnicBi. Hxb 
oaxoAOBOjEbHaa orpaHnqeHHociB, npHorpaorie ko BceMy, hto HHqroarao 
E niocRo, H ^TB-JtE HO opraHH^ecRoe HepacnojEoseHie r'b Tony, mto 
BHme nocpoACTBeHHOCTH — B&k BTE qepTS ;^aJiH j^LSi Hero canoe hka 
<6ypsya> HeHaBscTHUM'B h sacraBAfljni ero BnpasaTB seoiORoe se- 
lame «yToiiHTB cbohxi coBpeiceHHHROB'B bi rpfl8H> eah — orpaHs^n- 
BaacB 6oAle cRpoMHott, ho sa to h 6ojAe ocyii^ecTBHMoft sa^a^eft, 
<no MeHBinefi vbpi e3ihtb Ha hhx'b hotore ooRopfiieaift h eoho- 
iiieHifl» *****). 

OxEaRO Bi aiofl Heo6iiqaftflofi naoToft^EBOCTE BOdepao^eEifl r'b 
npewery cBoero seroj^OBasifl ebho 6fiU0 e RaRoe-TO HeorpasEEoe 
BJie^eHie r'b seny. Ki aero/^OBaEiH) beaemo npEMlniEBajiocB oo3Ha- 
Hie, TTO 6opB6a co cRyAOOTBD e y6orocTBi) o6sAeEHaro oyn^ecTBO- 
Bamfl— Ai^io 6e3HaAeXHoe h 6e3it&zBsoe, ecn He Haftrs Hoxo^a vh 

OTOM'B CailOMl Mipi 06H;^eEH0CTE. TaROBO j^fiCTBETeJEbSO E 6eU0 TfB- 

OTBO, ROTopoe EMB BJiaAtio. KaR'B naTB Fere, — oro yAEBEieABSoe bo- 
nion^esie »H3EepaA0CTE0CTE, — ho Moria hohhtb «t&x'b cRyiHHX'B in- 
Aefi, ROTOpne fb BOcxoj^ameirB coihi^ ho beaetb Gonme HERaRoro 
qyAa>, BB TOMi se CMUoii $jio6epB nEcan: «Tro 3a Tynas orpa- 

HEqeSHOCTB BilEO BOCXEEl^aTBGfl 06MaS0H'B E yTBepSA&TB, TTO EOdSiH 



*) Correspond ance I, 7. 
♦♦; TaM-b se, n, 36. 
**) TtM-h sie IV, 11. 
*) Taut se IV, 31, 32. 
•♦••*) Tam se, IV. 78. 



13% HGTOPIH GTPBIUIBHIJBf JSJlfilXHEKA. 131 

:siiBeTB HXJEDdiavH; Rasi 67^x0 OTcyroTBie HJiiiDaift ne bo cto pa3i» 
nodtmsie oaiio no ceCtl*. H ho oAHHipas'B ohi jfiiasAajrL Mo- 
naccana, 9To <b% caHUxi HaTrosHHX'b Boniai'L bote itqio HeHSBi- 
.;][aHHoe>, HOHC^epaaevoe no CBoeiij 6oraTOTBy, Koioparo mu ho sa- 
irb^aeiTb toxero Cjiaro^apfl Tony, ^ro bm^cto AoOpoooBiorsaro na- 
Osjosjdma. npeASo^BTaeKi* aBonoMaaaTb, qio j^yicaiH Apyrie» *), t. a. 
^4^aHTa3HpoBaTB no roioBoicy nia6ioHy. 

B'L MUGJiflX'B 8Toro poi^a, — a Kb nratb owb BOSBpan^aicfl no- 
•cTOflHao, — npoiiBJiAJiaoB o6n^aa nepTa, KOTopyn miaaa. AOCTaToqno 
BHCOKO i^hhtb: doiiBmoe AOBtpie kb ooAopsaiejiBHOCTH sh3he bb 
^ea QeaBHCKyccTBeHHOMB Buj^y yCtsAOHie, tto oaa j^bj&q bb canuxB 

fiirarOSHBEXB OBOHXB npOflBieHiflXB, nOUHIfO RaSHXB HH6yAB Hjun- 

3ift OB nameft CTopoHU, xpaHHTB bb od6t hoto^hhkb b&^eo cBisaro 

HHTepeOa H nOj^B CJIOeMB OfiBIAeHHOCTH HOTO^HHKB BOSBUmeHHUXB 

•no8TH?eoBHXB Bne?aTj[iHift. 

EcJUH se MU onpocEMB, BB ^ejTB saKiD^aiofl jsfin $jio6epa bctoh- 

HHKB.COAepacaTeJIBHOOTH SB8HH «6e8B HJUK)3ifi>, TO BB OTB^TB Ha 
8T0TB BOnpOOB OTEpOBTOfl HaiTB 06BflCHeHie BCOft J^tflTOJIBHOCTH OFO 

E BMicTb CB T&UB ofiHapysHTCfl upe^B HaHH npaBO ero jraqaocTHHa 
name oooSoHHoe BHEMame. A EneEHo, bb ocHOBi BcibxB TpeGoBaHift 
ero OTB Jiiojiefl, JtBTepaTypHiiXB CKJioEsocrefi, xy^^osecreeEHUXB Bsy- 
coBB, cyxAOHiS no BonpocauB o6n^ecTBeEEaro xapasrepa, bb ochob^ 
BcixB ero CBMoarift h asTHnaiiS — Boio;i;y mu HeESirbHHO HaxoAHMB 
OAEO fl TO se 8aM']^^aTejiBH0 HacxoE^HBo BEipasessoe CTpevieHie — 
KB on^ymeHlK) mnpE a^ESBE. 

Obb ero B&ipasaiB bb caimxB passopoAHUXB o5cTOflTejiB0TBaxB. 

jIk)6hmoh sesn^EHi ohb namerB: «jih)6obb TOJibKO ocofiuft cnoco&b 
BfljrbTB E ^yBCTBOBaxB, — 8T0 TO^Ka sptsui fioflto B03B£inieHHa&, He- 
MHoro 6ojite mspoKafl; osa OTKpsBaeTB 6e3K0H6?sue neponesTEBu h 
ropEBOHTK 6e8B rpaHEi^B>. 

Ohb BB BocToprt otb UleKcnHpa, noTOny hto npa ^xesiE ero 
^^lyBCTByeniB oefia 6ojiiBnie, KaRB-6fii sa bucoroS ropt ob mEpoKEMB 
ropEBOETOHB, OB 6e3EOfle?Eoft nepcneRTEBoft, BAaifl otb SETeftcEaro 
jiypaBeftHHKa». 

<BiipB HeAooraTOHHO b6jD[erb j^sa AyniE, sairb^aexB ohb RaKB-To, 
oaa BaAHxaeTCfl bb HaoToan^eiiB. PasBt mh ne bItho iicbnjifleifcfl 
8a same npomeAinee? Bb sameK sas^^t sesee mu nepesoBUBaeHB 
BSOBB OBOE npesslE oa^yn^eHifl e Mo^nraeiTB 6yAyn^eMB». 

«Bo3AyxyI Bosjtyxyl BOORj[EQ;aeTB osb no^b Bne^aTii^BieEB nyxe- 
mecTBifl, — noSoJiBOie irboTal Hanm OTECHyxiUfl AyoiE sa^BixaiOTCE e 
ytfHpaDTB sa Epaio ORHa, namB njitHHHft yEB, to^eo neAsiAB bb 

flMt, BepTETCfl Ha O^EOMB UtCTt E TOjIRaOTOfl 06b CTfiSSfl; ^lafiTB 
HaHB B;^OXSyTB BB Ce6fl apOBCaXB BCI^XB BtlpOBB 00 BOiXB ROHI^OB'B 

3eMJifl, A^fixe B3opy npoHHRsyrB bo Bci OTpaEBi ropasoHTa*. 



*) Guy de Maupassant, Pierre et Jean, XZXI. 

9* 



132 PFCCSOB BOrjLTCTBO. 

ifl H ero CesrpaBH^Hoe c^acTBe boshoxhoctb norpysHTbca b^b* 
npHpoATi HO TepATKCfl, pasjiBTBCfl vb He8. «KaK% bi nopuBax'B jid6- 
BH xo^eTGH HMtTB 6ojiBm6 pyRi ffiH omymeBifl, fiojiune 1761 xJos- 
nonijBfyeBi, 6oiBine nasi, ^to6h CMOipttB, nCoiBine ^rymH, ^toSh 
id6htb, TaRi, OTT^aeaflCB niHpH DpspoAH, coxajsieiDB, ^rro ms'B ho- 
npoHHKaerB b'b si^ipa rop'B, bi rjiy6HHy vopefi, Vb ;^ib nefia, Tro6u 
yBH;{aTB, xaKi oosAaBTca ropu, aaposxanTCS boihu h saacaraDTos 
SBisABT. XortJiooB 6h, too6h Ayma, ly^eofipasHo paonpoorpaHflflOB^ 
no BoiMi HanpaBjreBiam, npoBZEJia 6u bo Boi saRoyjisH shbhh, 
o6ieuaoB 6u bo Boi ea ^opHii, h noAOfiHo hhi, nooroAHHO irb- 
HAflOB, nperep nfeajia MeTaMop4)08si Ha vb^aua. BpoMeaal^ 

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CFbauMB o6aaaieMB c^aoTBa jao6BEj cA^JtaTBca BApyrB onaTB yea- 
jieaao j[E)6e8aot eb aysy, eopmhtb ero ^aoraaiEOBmiB speMOMB a 
arpaiB nocjit o&kjifiL ero jiD6aMue saJiBcu. Ho ara npa^A^ npoAOJi- 
sainxsa aoAOJu^o, — laEB se aoAOiro, aaEB a ea o^acTBO. npaays- 



Hdl HGTOPIH GTPEMJIEHlS Xy;(OSHHRA. 137 

^^esHafl jiraTb, hto6h HaftTH npe:^jiorB a^a cBHj^amft, osa aoxoahtb 
^0 Toro, HTO «Boe ojn^ecrsoBaHie ea ofipaTEJOOB bi cKooieHie jish, 
Bi soTopjD OHa oGjiieKaia obok) jix)6obb, kmt> bi noKpiisajio... JIoaBb 
ci^jiajiacB Aifl Hefl nOTpe($HOOTBK)^ MaHieft, jAOBOJiBOTBieirB, ffo TaKOfi 
cieneHH, ^to ogjih ona yTBepasAajia, ^to npomjia B^epa no npaBofi 
cTopoHi yxnipj, to cii^oBaio nojiaraTB, vto OHa AopsaJi&cB jn-bsoft 

CT0p0HH». 

dKCTpaBaraHTHHfl TpaTH na hhkouj ho HysHUfl npHXOTH sany- 
TajiH ee ao tofo, ^to OHa cTajia noAAiuBaTB c^era, no^aBaTB iiysy 
ij^aiBmHBUfl pocnnoKH h lafiHo otb Hero npojaBaTB hx'b HMyn^eoTBO. 

He06X0ABM0CTB BSBOpTSIBaTBOfl H nyraTBGS B'b CJI[08H0ft eiTR o6Ma- 

^HOB-B CB Te^eHieiTB Bpevera tojibko en^e 6omne HanparjiiH h pas^pa- 
TRUSK es HepBu. BBipuBaflOB H8i AOMamnefi nyrasHAs, OHa sa cbe- 
jianiaxi AABajia hqxoa'b pasApaseHuo BceBOSMOSHBiMH HeHCTOBCTBanH. 
<&BHBinHCB BB rooTEHHHii,y noGjrb OAHoro dnasoAa ci AOHesHNMH a^- 
jiaifH, OHa cuiajiacB^ njiaRajia, irbia, njiflcaia, saEaaajia nyHmy, saxo- 
Ti^a cypHTB nanHpocu. €J[d6obhhri» ho noHHuaji'B, aaM'b^aeTB as- 
TopB, EaKaa peaRiufl Bcero ea oyn^ecTBa ycHJieHso TOjnsaJia ee, sacra- 
BiflE Ha6pacK[BaTBCfl Ha BceBOSMOssHE EacjiasAQHiE. Osa c/^ajaoB 

paSApaSETOJIBHOE, 06S0pJlEB0&, ^yBCTBeHHOft». 

8to 6£Lia peaRi^E AynieBsaro cxpoa, KOTopufi, ^yBCTBya CBoe Ces- 
cEJiie cnpaBETBOfl ci Tpe6oBaHiflMfl sesse, cb ea nooju^AOBaTejiiB- 
HOGTBD, cyAoposso i^njEflOTCfl 3a o6pnBRE ^yBCTBi, 3a RopoTKifl oiqy- 
EieHifl o^acTBE, rotopbte OTaEOBflTCfl tImb 6ojr6e HeEcroBiiME, TbifB 
OEE yRopoqeHHie, o6piiBO^Hie e CRyxH'be. 

Oniyn^afl npeciin^eHie otb oqacTBE j[K)6bh, dnHa orapaeTOE sa- 
€EiBHO yAepsaTB bto G^apTBe, Hanparafl cbod $aHTa3]D, npofiya 06- 
MaEyTB ce6fl xotb BEiniEEME aRGecyapaHE CujioS orpacTE. Ho 8te 
yoEJiifl, 8T0 Hanpflseflie e btotb GaMoofiHaH'B wb rohoi^'b pascTpaEBa- 
HXTB ee E, RaRB 3aMiqaeTB aBTOpi, — norpyaKaK)TB vb en^e Coshmee 
OTyniflie, limb A'i^flcTBEiejiBHUfl ESJiEineoTBa. Hsuy^eEEaE, pasfiETaa, 
^aTpaBJiesEaE, RaR'B zsifh, 9MMa ciiyBGTBOBajia senpeGTasEoe e Boe- 
o6niee pasGJiafijieEie; efi xotI^ogb 611 se setb, a Cbitb bb Bi^EOirB 
OH*!!. nepeA'B "^ROH^aTejEBHofi pasBasRoS OEa en^e ji^bji^erh hIcrojbro 
coBepmesHO Oe;{CHuojieEEHXX nonuTORB yxBaTETBoa sa ?to nonaio; 
ECTepflqeGRE'GTpaGTSo, Eo y»e coBepmeHEo 6e3EaAesEO, npoaBJiaeTB 
OHa GBoe sejaaie shtb, no nyTE nuTaerca osebetb bt> naMETE ie- 
OTBia E HeoQpeAijDfeEEHE A'bTCRia MeqiaEia, ho daiiiTB cpasy nona- 
AaerB bi* rpasEuit boaobopotb AoaesHUXB A^icb, 6e3noMon^HO 6apax* 
TaoTGE Bi HEXB, E — GO Bcoro p03Maxa oGpHBaeTB Bce: ToponiEBo, 
^3'B R0Jie6asifi OTpasjiaeTca. 

TaROBa ECTopia arofi sesniEEii, bge seshb ROTopoft 6iua Ecnoi- 
Heaa cTpeHJieEieirB E36aBETBca otb oRyqaoS npo3H o6HAeHRaro oy- 
tH^ecTBOBasia a Roiopaa BCDAy, bm^cto no83iE, EaxoAEia ofiMaEi ny- 
croro E npasAEaro BOo6paseEia. 



138 PyCCSOB BOrATCTBO. 



III. 



B'L jifjTowb fiojiBinoM'B poiiaHi $jio6epa nsT* coBpeiieHHofi shshh, 

fCeHTEHeHTaJtBHOITB BOCnHTaHlH», I^eHTpaJIBHOe HtCTO BaHHUaeTB 4>H- 

rypa ^pe^epHKa Mopo, npeACTaBaummaa ii)6oiiUTHUfl qepru cxoa- 
CTBa CL r-sefi BoBapii. ^poAepHR'B Mopo bi le^eHie i^'buaro psAa 
jubrb BecB yxoAHTB bi» aKsaiLTHpoBaHHyio jidCobb jsrb sanysHeii sen- 
n^Ht. CTpacTB 8Ta nojiKaniBBaerB e EScyniaerB soi ero no6ysA6Hia 
H crpeiiJieHifl. J[K)6oBHHa noxos;i;eHifl, nojiHTH^ecm mo^tu, saOoTu o 
RapBep'b — Bce Cesi* t^hh cosajrfcHia 6pocaeTca nocpej^B AoporH, RaK'B 
TOJiBKo OHi BcnoMHHaerB G^oeft jrH)6BH. Bce ofipBiBaercg, 7 Bcero 
OTHHiraeTCfl ufbuh^ Bce ismaeTCH KOHi^a — as-B-aa OAHHott cTpacxH rt* 
r-a* Apsy, CTpacxn BcenorjiomaDmefi n 6e3npeA*JiBB0fl. A Me»Ay 
Tbwh RaKOBa caua 8Ta cxpacTB? 

<Ofi'B JLJo6fijL'h ee, — HHTaeMx mh, — 6eBi sa^Heft mhcjih, Cob-b Ha- 
n<dmji,ii Ha BsaHHHOCTB, H bT) HiMOM'B BOCTOpi^, aoxoaceiTB Ha nopuBs 
6jiaro;^apHOCTH, oMy xortjocB 6h horphtb noi;*JiyaMH ea jio6i. Era 
qTO-To noj^HHMaao: bto fiHia noippe6aocTB noacepTBOBaiB oofiofi, mtbMb' 
6oAfbe cuAtnan^ nmo ona CtMa neydoeMmeopuMOil^ . 

•^epeSTb HtCROJlBRO AHOD, XOTfl HHqerO HO HSirfcHHJrOCB P^ HX-B OT- 

HomeHiflxx, OHii yse roBopHTB ce6i, ?to 6yAerB ea jiioGobhhrom'b. 
IIpH AaJiBH'bfiniHX'B CBHj^aniax'B oh'b RasAoe yxpo ;i;aBaji^ ce6ik, cjiobo^ 
mo 6jji<BTb ciiijrfee. Ho bt^ ea npncyicTBiH aenpeojiojuiMaa cthj^ih- 
BOCTB cROBBiBajia OFo. Chjiok) cbobx'b Mo^aHift OH'B nociaBHJii ee 
Bume BcaRHXi qeiOBi^ecRiix'B yosoBiH, h noTOMy pajioirs ci> aeS owh 
qyBCTBoeaj'B ce6a «6oji4e HnqroaHHirB, ^iwb RycoHRa raejRy, ^aJ^aB- 
fflie CB ea H03KHHifB». «^tflCTBOBaTB, — BaMiqaexB aBTopii, — M^ h3- 
BtcTHUx'B JBOAefi rbifB MeHie BosMoasao, ^inTB cHJEBHie sejiasie*. H 
^pe^epaRi Bcer^a npeAnoHHTaerB MeqiaxB. Eay npaxoAarB bi> rojosy 
qyAOBHiUEua, (JescinacjieHHBia aemB, bi po^t aeqaaHaaro Haaa;ieHia 

HO^BH), CB n0A06paHHUHH KJ[K)?aHH H CB HapRGTHqeCRHMH CpeACTBaKH, 

TO offB MOHTaeTB 6*rcTB4 B;iBoeMi Ha boctok'b, Bi Honaaito, b-b 
niBefii^apiK). Oahhitb cjeoboh'b, Bca ero jiioGobb — cnAomaoe aarpouoss- 
;i;eBie Heqraaid coBepmeaao deanioABux'B, a t'I^m'b Oojite aeofiysAaa- 
BBix'B, ^fkwb 6ojiie oaa aeBaaau. 

To^ho TaR»e act ero ^yaciBa, aopBiBaaia a nootyaRa xaRia ae- 
CesaaAo^HO o6puBoqaHa aa<iaj[a 6e3i> npoAOjrseaia. Gero^aa oh'b <He- 
aaaaABTB Bcixi. sean^aai)!, a Baaxpa oai npeacnojiaea^ r'b hem'B' 
cyHacmeAniax'B seiaaifi. CeroAaa offB B006pasaerB ce6a aABORaxoM-B, 
AeiryTaTOM'B, 3a^^B^^aH)I^HM'B fijuaro napoAa, coKpymaiomHM'B upoTHB- 
HHROB'B aaxoAHHBOCTBH), HpoBiefl, ropa^HOCTBK). Ho — ccajiBaBra pi^me- 
aia AOGTaaajmoB eMy A^meao^, a botb oai yse Me^aerB o tou'b^ 
KaR'B 6£i OA'&iiaTBCfl ipannaoToifB vb AvepaRi, GjysaTB y nania aa 
BocTOK'b, oTnpaBaTBca MaxpocoM'B bi njiaBaaie a t. a- nojiyqaai as- 
Bin^eaie o eoraioirB Hacj['6ACTB'&, oa'B ae cxoah g% icbcxa npoAcxa- 



HSl HGTOPIH CTPEIUBHifl XyAOZHHEA. 139 

BJiflOTB cetii saRi oh'b hbetch k% r-aci ApHj cbx thalGidph, b^tk 
jiy^me bi syna! b% ^epsoMi Kyna, vb usa/eewh b% KopH^HeBofi jth- 
Bpe4>, — H saK'B OHH fiyjiyrb ^'6ioBaTBoa, a Kasafl y nero 6jA€Tb cro- 
jiOBan, H Boe Bi TaKOft se nocjitAOBaTeJiBHOcTH. Cefi^acx se saiiMS 
owb o6%acHflert Maiepn, wo not^^ert b-l napHBn». «Hto th laiTB 
CyjeinB ;^«rB»? Ha^ero.— «A ^int se th 6yffefflB>?— MhhhctpomiI 
TaKoro se copra ve^TaTexB, Basx ^poAepHBi), ho toabko Apyrora 
KajHfipa,— JleoHi bi cF-si BoBapn*. Y nero hh HMieMi fltio ce 
096HB CEopot jrasBH^ai^iei MenTaHifl. HeHcxoBCTBa orpacTH, btl ko- 
xopHfl ero BTflHyia ero j[rK>6oBHHi^a Sulfa, eiiy He no jijm^ K'k 
TOMy se, oH'B Bu;^BHHyicH Ha cj[ys6i, — «nopa 6uj[o c^i^JLaTBCfl cepBes- 

HHlfB^. Owb plmaeTI) nOROH^HTB (CB ^JiefiTOfi, Cl» SRSaJIBTHpOBaH- 

HHMH qyBCTBaMH H CB MewaHMiMH, — HtTB TaKoro fiypsya, 8aMt- 
^aerB ^AoGepii, KOTOpufi 6u vb ropH^Rt moaoaocth, xoia 6ii na 
OAHH'B ^eHB HJiH fia o]iBj MEHyTy He qyBCTBOBajTB ce6fl cnoco6HBnr& 
Ha RojioccaiBHUfl crpacTH, Ha BejraRifl npeAnpiHTifl. CaMHft ah)seh- 
Huft pacnyTHHR'B MeqiajTB o cyjiTanmax'B, BcaRift HOTapiycrB HOcurB 
B-B ce6i 0620HRH nodTa». 

noox:I^HHH ^Hrypa npe;iGTaBJ[flerB yse flBHufi nepexoA'B r-b Apy- 
roft rpynn'6 H3Jiio&[eHHUX% $jio6epoM'B o6pa80BT>. ^'bjio wb tomi, ^to 
Ri ^HrypaM'B sjojiei, Sojite hjeh Menie cxpacTHO cTpeHfimHxcfl noA- 
HflTBCfl HaAi o6HAeHHU]n> cyn^ecTBOBaHieH'B, ^asie cobcj^itb yfiTH otb 
Hero, npHMHRaroTB y Hero o6pa3H jinqHocxefi cobc4mt> jipyroro paa- 
pflj^a, ROTopHfin OH'B Bi i^iioMi yj^tJiBjfi'B HO HeHBme M'i^cxa, ^'im> 
nepBUH'B. 8to HMeHHO Jifojsji Cojocbe o6HAeHH£ie^ cpeAHHHHe, joojpn 
TOJLBH, R-B ROTopBrMT) $j[o6epi HO opeHiiymecTBy jiio6HjrB npHjarait 
upe8pHTeiBHyD RXH^Ry «6ypsya», paayH'i^A no^'B dXHifB Boiuon^eme 
BcaqecRoft orpaHH^eHHOCTH h lynocTH. Ho ohhtb xaEH h TyxT», wo 
ero fiojiBme Bcero saHHMajio h hto owl ho yoxaBarB oeraBaxB njiowb 
npespETejrBHoft nacMtniRH, xaRi axo HHeHHO CBoeoSpasHuk nopKBanifl 
BBepxi. 

no iiOBOAy HSB'bcxifl seHHXidi^ oahofo BHaRouaro owh nBmex^: 
'<cTaR*B BOTT) OH'B H seHaxTb, ycxpoHJica H TSTb xoMy eme — ^hhobhhr'b. 
Hxo 3a 6ypsyal KaRi oh^ cxanerB samHn^axB nopflj^oRi, combd h 
cpCcxBeHHOcxBl Oh^ Bnpo'ieM'B mejLi> HopMajrBHHM^ nyxeMt. Oh-b xoace 
Bi;^ 6iUT> xyAOSHHROM'B, HOOHJix EHHsaji'B H 6pe;^njii^ npoeRxaim 
;5paMT>, noTOMi. 6ujl% cyMamecxByiomHM'B cxyAenxoM'B aaxHHCRara 
RBapxaia; y nero 6ujiia rpHsexRa, RoxopyD OH'B naauBaJTB CBoed Hex- 
peccoft, OH'B oTHJiflCBiBaJi'B RaHRaH'B H ycepj^HO niiAi) &lj[oe bbho b'b 
xpaRTHpt. noTOMi owb noJuy^HJTB flORxopa; xor^a na CMtny cepBesHO- 
cth b% ROBfH'iecROM'B flBEJiocB ROMH^ecKoe B'B cepBCSHfiMx: 0H7. c;^4- / 

JiaiGH COMAHHITB, CXaJTb CEpHBaXB CBOH DiaJlOCXH, OROH^iaTejirBHO Ry- 

nHJii ce6* ^acH h oxRaaaaca oxt> ^anxasift, — RaRT», aojsho 6hxb, 
6iijia xflSRa paaJiyRa! npocxo cxpanrno no^yMaxB! TenepB, a yfiipeni, 

OH'B rp0MHXT> OOAiaJIHCTOBB, XOJRyeXl <3;^aHiH», ofi'B fOCHOBaX'B*,^ 

rocy^^apcxBeHHOiTB pyjii^, o tvisjipk anapxiH*. KaR'B ^hhobhhr'b ob 



140 PyCCSOE BOrATCTBO. 

6yA6TB peaR^iOHepoM'B, KaKi mjsi — ^poroHocii,6irb, h npoBOAii shshb 
uesA7 caMKOfi, ^tbhh h opeAH Hepsocxeft cBoero peHeoia, cBepmErB 
3ce, TTo ;^ocTyiiHO ^ejoBiKy* ♦). 

Bi HafipocaHHOiTB cefi^aoi iHni, KOTopiifi $jio6ep'B o^Hiaen 
<Hopuaj[i>HUM'L», i^eHTpaxBHjK) ^epij cocxaBJKflerL rocno;](OTBO ^enie- 
Buxt HanycKHUx'B ^pasi, njifii h ^jbotb^, KoroptuL o^bhb Jierso ao- 
oiauTOfl H TaK'B xe jierKo EcqesaDxi. Bi poKaHaxi $j[o6epa caMaa 
BHAADiiiaflOfl HJ[H BipHie casafl pbsKaa ^Hrypa aroro poAa— aio an- 
leKapb ToHd, hma soioparo OA^ajocB sapsi^aTejibHnirB bo $paH0[y8- 
cKofi juTepaxypi. Tomb — Bonion^eHie npexeHi4o3HOft orpaHH?eflHOcxH. 
Maiifimift nyoxflsii BAoxHOBJ[aexi> ero na BHCOKonapHUfl ^pasu. Pe- 
KOMSHAyfl xosflfiK*]^ roGXHEHHi^u saiitHaxB cxapuft finjuiapA'B HOBmrB, 
OHi» BOCKJCHi^aexi: cflysHO eaxh BpoBeab cb BiEoinb*. Osii se osa- 
sexi> npocxo, mto aaAO nojuEBaxb i^Btxu, a saroBopExi o cropxE- 
syiBxypi», npeAiaraa caxapy csasex'b «saccharum> e x. n. Evy Bce 
oioxa norpixBGE wb jiyqaii BosBumeflsux'B cjlob^^ xoxb s senosEx- 
Euxi, A^ Bce se fleoxpa3flMo npEBiesaxejiBsux'B. Ero Bce xaserb Easi 
HE6yAB npflcxerflyxb cbok) iiajieHBRyi) oco6y k'b BeiESOMy e bo3bu- 
messoMy: y sero, saapHEipii, cjiafiocxB kii BejEsaH'B judaeitb, — e 
Easi As^HB axoMy qyBcxBy os'b EasuBaerB CBoero cusa HanojieosoMB, 
Apyroro — ^pesejieeom'b, ao^b — AxajiieS; ce6fl, anxeKaps, oet* npfl^E- 
cjuiexi KB Rjiaccy JUDAofti <oxflr^esEUX'B ycsjiesEOi pa6oxott muc2e», 
E Bce Bi xaKoicB ase poAi. Koeoieo, keei oh'b se cxapaexca, bnco- 
Roe 6My EC tio ajie^y e xojtbro eni;e pia^e ofisapysEBaexi ero Esq- 
xoacecxBo. Ho eny e ropa Majio. Jl^a, sero rjiaBEoe noAEEXBoa sa hbo- 
AeoxajTB noMonp>io oauuxi AonieBux'B cpeAcxBi, npio6ii^xBCE ri» bh- 

COROEy E BOJEROEy, BflqtE'B SO EOCXynaEOB Wb GBOeM^ EEqXOECeOXfi'b, 

EanpoxEBi xoro — BcioAy npEEOca i^tiEROH'B cbok) MajiesBRyiD jam- 
AooxB, 0Q0CD6Hyx) Tbwb rpoM^e RpE^axB, ^iwb 6ojiBnie yBtpessocxE, 
qxo 8X0 BEnero Be cxoexi, b MaBEoe — qxo axo ee ri qeMy AaJB- 
HiflmeMy se ofiaauBaerB. 

B'B OBoe nyxemecxBie no BocxoRy, ^Aofiepx sainejTB bx AjieRcaE- 
Apis sa Eoiossl noHses ems RaRoro-xo cToMcosa es'b 3yEAepjiasAa» 
EaqepxasEHMTb 6yRBaHfl bi mecxB ^yxoB'B. «3a nexBepxB mejie pas- 
.oxoEHifl 8xa saAnscB jAe BEAsiexca, nsniexi os'b B'B cBoeirB nECBirb 
4yb AoporE. Birb boseossocxe bea^xb ROAOssy s se yBSAaxB eme 
ToMCOBa, a cxaJio 6uxb ne soAyHaxB o ToMcosi. 9xox% RpexEsi bo- 
BJEOXEji'B oe6fl ffb MOEyueEXB E yBiROB'i^qEJi'B CBoe EME. ?xo fl roBopio? 
Oeo AABExi ero sejiEROJitnieirB oboexi^ rsraExcEEX'B 6yRBi>. He cjhebi- 
RoiTB jiE 8X0— saoxaBJTEXB Bcixi 6jsjinflrb nyxemecxBeEEEROB'B Ay- 
MaxB ToMOOEi? A b^ab Boi Tsjanu 60Jiie exe uenie cTomcosh esb 
3yEAepiaEAa>. Crojebro exi BcxpiqaemB bi sesee bt» caMUX'B BucsiErB 
fl qscxux'B c^epaxi efl! H oee saci oAOitsanxi; oee xaR-B usoro- 
qHosesBN, xaRi cqaoxjiHBH E xaRT* nuBiyxB 8AopoBBe]rB» **). 



*) Correspondance, II, 20. 
♦*) Gorrespondanee, H, 2. 



H8% HGTOPIH GTPEMJIBHitt XyAOZHBRii. 141 

He ocraHaBJEHBaflCb jijoshme na pflA*! jihi^x, npeAcraBiflDmHxrb^ 
noBTopenie BToro THna, mu o^Hraevx 6ojrb6 HHTepecHuirL BHEMaxejiB- 
Hie paacHorpiTB ^Hrypj mapju BoBapH, CToan^aro coBepmeEHo oco6- 
HiisoM'L, HO nui¥)mjnn> o^ohb saMi^aTeibHHfl totch conpHsocHOBemA 
c% ocraiBHUMH repoflMH 4>jio6epa. 

niapiB BoBapH, nysi 3hhh, ho 8K8ajQ»THpoBaHHui ^aHTasepi r 
He KpHsyHi, a cRpoMHoe h jsfl TjnocTH 6e3npHTflBaTejn»Hoe cosAame. 
Ho H ero ojABfia nooreneHHO BTarHBaen wb BOsoBopoTB HanyoKHiix'B 

^JBCTB'B, XepTBOft ROTOpurB OH'B H A^aeTCH. 

Bi nepioA'B nepBaro BEaKonoTBa crb dvMofi ero Tynoe paBHo;iymi& 
n acHSHH HapymaeTca: OH'B oTRpuBaerL bi btoS AenKaTHofi 6apuinH'fc, 
a no nyTH h fb oKpysaDii^efi oSoraHOBsi, HeBiAOHHfl eiiy Aoxoii on^y- 
H^eHiH H paAocTH 8H8HH. BosponoTHo HepeHecfl Bi DHOCTH H FL nop- 
BOirb Gpasi ct» neHoioAoft B^OBoft pflAi> ^^Tb, jiHrneHEHxi KaKoft 6ii 
TO HH 6euo npeJiecTE, ovb hph Borpb^i ci dicMoil TaKi saAevB ri 
ewcTBK), H Bi TO ace Bpemt tbr'b HenpHTHsaTeieHi, qro o^ohb jierRo 

H 6HCTpO HaXOAHTL HOIHOe fiiaSOHCTBO BO BCeUT>, ^TO OHa BHOCHTS Vb 

ero srhshb: h b'b ea mhiobhahoS oco6i, h fb Rpaooit ea rjiasB, fb 
fffasHOCTH ea KoasH, bi bh BOcnHraHHOOTd, npoaBJiflttn^efioa wb'mpi na 
pofljiii, pHcoBaniH h t. n. Ho saiii^aTeJEBHafl boh^b: xota bc^m'b bthki 
coAepsaHie ero shbhh nasi 6yAT0 h o6oramaeTCfl, ho bi> pesyjiBTaTft 

OHa OTaHOBHTGH OTB BTOFO BOe-TaRH 011^0 OrpaHH^eHHie. C^aOTJIEBUft 

TiMi>, ^0 sena y Hero Tanaa Hsamaaa h MHjeBHAHaa, ?to oaa yiifterB 
pncoBaTb; yAOBJiaacB Tovy, RaRi y aea 6£icTpo fiiraiOTB najBi^u, rop- 
Aiifi ea yMiHBeiTB nparoTOBHTB a^eRTHoe nnposHOe a^ rocTelt, ofb 
sa npe^'l^HH eTHXT* paAocTOfi HH^ero ho saMi^aoTB: hh tofo, c^a- 

CTlHBa-JIH OHa (TB HHM'B, HaQOJIHanrB'JIIH B&k 8TH paAOCTQ H OH SH3HB, 

HH Toro, ^TO OHa nocTenoHHo saOpacuBaerB h ero, h ao^, h ceiieft- 
HyD SH3HB. TaRi ^To Ror^a noA% ROHeii;^, nocjrb HicRoiBRHXi j^^tb 
coBMtcTHoft asHBHH, OHa OTpaBiaeTCH, ]ifia, Hero bto coBepmeHHsfr 

CDpHpHSl. 

H BTa yAHBHTOJiBHaa saMRHyTOOTB o^acTBa Illapia BoBapa Ticaift- 
HiHM'B ofipasOHii nepeiueTaeTca cb oco6eaHOft crjeohboctbk) r-b crpoH- 
leHiaMi 6e8i» nocjAjs^cumt. Ecjra i]K)6obhhrh 3mi(u lerROMucjieHHo Rpa- 
ji^yTB y Hea npiaTaua HrHOfieHia, ae safiOTacB o AftJn^aiSnieirB, h ona 
caHa XEXopaAoiHo BupuBaeTB y shshh Maayni aaojiasAeaifi, to b'b 
CBOD o^epe^B H niapxB Maio ^ini OTJiaiaeToa otb hrxx fb btomi 
OTHomeHia: OH'B sRaxHo XBaxaerB rb no^a^RH, RoiopBui eMy 6pocaeTB 
cyAB6a, oHi Taai se ypuBO^HO noiBsyeToa, ^vb Moserir, ae safoiacB 
BceH'B npo^eiTB. 

Ho noBOAy pasia^aHX'B sari^ft 9miiu fb otkaoTH Hsan^oft oficra^ 
HOBRH, $jio6epi> saHi^aeTL 06% mapjrb: c^itb MeHBme OH'B noHHaajTB 
B'B BTHX'B TOHRocraxi, TiiTB 6oABme oaa ero o?apoB£iBajiH». 8to 
HHeHHO a xapaRTopHo x^a btofo orpaaa^eaaaro ^eiOFbRa, HameAmaro 
CBoe c^aoTBe fb c^pt aaTepecoB'B, cb ROTopiiMa y aero HbrB Habere 
o6ntaro. Hyawue eay h no ero Boonaraaix), a no xapaarepy ero cno- 



142 P7CCK0B BOrATCTBO. 

€o6H00Teil, OHH npoxoAflTB B'B ero AJineBHOii'B nipt Ces'B shbuxii no- 
<u[£ACTBift, TOJOi&o aapasafl ero xjmj no6ysAOHiaMH 6eaniihawiti h 
T^wb caHUHX nocieaeHHo coofimaa ero orpeiureHiaM'B HanpjDEeHHOoTB, — 
nbwb 6o2bmyD^ ^wh ohh fiesiHcxoAffbe. 

Oco6eHHOft ocTpoTU 8T0 AjnieBHoe cooioaHie Aooraraerb y Hero 
noojrfc CMepiH duuu. Kor^a ea ne oTaio, ero noTpefiHociB jooCbh h 
ffhKHUx'B ^yscTBi, He flaHAfl Apyroro HCXOAa, BHAaeicH na see, ^to 
HanoMHHaeTL noRoftHHi^y. J^ia nero 6oshmoe yAOBOiBcxBie npsATH wb 
fiuBmyi) ROMHaxy semi h ycicTBca npoiHBi cea> Kpecia. Eoih 
f jasa ero BCipb^ajiH en pafio^yD KopsHHKy, jienroHEy hjul jifiaie 6y- ' 
jEaBKy, sacTpflBniyio^ bi h^ojiih CTosa, aioro 6huio au Hero Aocraxo^Ho, 
^o6h norpysHXBCfl vb ue^m h rpycxB. 

CjLy^afiHO HameAinH nHCbiia k'b aeft j[1)6obhhkobi, ofb yximaexi 
<;e6fl HucjEBiD, ^xo oxHomeHia hxi 6iiiH maxoHH^ecKia. Rasi saifi^aerB 
ABxepi, IQapjiB 3aRp£UrL riaaa nepex'B AOsasaxejiBcxBaMH. Sea's oom- 
ff&Hifl, HOAyMBJiB QWbj sa Heft Bci jtfijoKBH. 6ujm yxasKHBaxB, Bci 
jifijiSKEbL 6iufl o6osaxB ee. H oaa noRasajiaoB euy en^e npoKpacHie, 
eme npnBJieKaxejLBH^. Ero cxpacxb h ox^aiiHie Bci'^cxBie axoro xojibro 
jBOJiHUJEHCB. B'B yro^y efi, xo^ho ona soia, owb jcBonjrb ce6i ea 
BKyofii: Kymui'B ce6i jiaKHposaHHue 6amMasH, dmejLi> npsBmKy ho- 
^wtb 6bjLue raioxyxv, jtjmtun* yosi h, Kasi* oaa, cxajTB noj^aHCiiBaxB 
Bescejifl, — OHa ero pasBpan^a^a hsi aa MorHJUH, saMi^aexL asxopi. 
H A^o xyxB He wb ojifim.-b BeKcejux'b, a bo sceft axoft i^ina nyoxa- 
EOBib, B'B poAi fiamMasoB'B, rajicxyxoB'B, Aynieaux'B ycoB'B, leHXo^es'B 
H BcflKHX'b npasAHux'B Me^xaHifly xaKi se saBit^isinHX'B Bceft ero 
SH8HBI0, RaR'B OHH BJiaj^iiH aKHSHBH) dMMU. B'B oro cyn^ecxBOBaHie 
npoHHKJia axMoc^epa BceaodMOSHoft nycxaROBHHH, axMOc^epa ?yBCXBi> 
6e8'B nocj[iACXBift, A^nieBeHBKHX'B on^yn^eHii, hh zi> neny ne ofiasu- 
BannpLxi, naqero ho osaaiaDn^Hxii h no caiioicy cymecxfiy cBOOMy 
iiesi^iiBHux'B. 

HameAina nacBHa ki. Heft o6ohx'b ea jlio6obhhkob'b, ho ooxaBJiflBmiH 
yse HHxasHX'B coMHiHifi oxHOOBxejBHo xapaKxepa hx-b oxHoineH|ft, pas- 
^HXHfi oropiieHieiTB h o6hao&, ohi* bb cii^ocxpacxiH ropa aii^exnE», cb 
K^wb 6u noroBopnxB, h Bce-xaKH 061 neft. BcxpixHsmacB B'B 8x0 
BpeMfl CB Poj^ojiB^OMi H npHciiBinH CB HHiTB sa cxojTB, owb norpysHJica 
B'B HOTTaHia npe^B bxhh'b ^eioBt&oirB, Koxoparo oHa ja66nM. Eacy u- 
aasooB, ?xo oht» bhahxi» qacxHi^y ea. Bun^b iioMeHXB, Kor^a xe^enie ero 
Muciea 3acxaBHj[o ero cb pacKpacH&BmHHca jlhujoitb, padAyainHMHca 
Hos^pflMH, Aposac^HMH Tj69ME Hpauo H copAHxo BsrjiaHyxB Ha POAOXB^a. 
B'B axoxi> HOMeHTB, sasaiooB 6u, qyBcxBO ero mtjlo-6u noiy^axB RaKoft 
HH6yAB HOXOA'B- Ho cRopo yrpioMaa ycxaiocxB oaaxB aoaaaJiacB aa 
ero XRufk h owb caasajTb: ca aa aacB ne oepsycB». Bb ojr&Apomii^ 
;AeHB h bo Bcb nocjiiAymnue jime IIIapjiB oaAHJsca na cRavBH) B'B cbooitb 
caAERi: jihcxba BHHorpaAHHRa pHCOBajra xbaa aa neoat; acacMHHB 6jia- 
royxas'B, He6o chh'Ijio^ tfyxa syacsajra orojo JLEJiifi bb i^B'bxy h BlapiB 



11 

i 



mit HCTOPIB CTPBlfJlEElS X7A03KHHKA. 143 

3aAUxaj[Cfl saRi nHoma otl saniiiBa chjthuxi jidGobhhx'l omyn^eHifl, 
nepenoAHHBmHX'b ero oropqeHHyio Ayniy. 

£*& OAHjr HBl TaSHX'B VXSJTb BTOTB He^aJieJEUfi H CKpOHSUfi qeJLO- 
BtKli HeSaifiTHO yMHpaeTB, BCeS COBORynHOCTBD 0B0ettSH8HHKaR%6u 

seiaa sacBHj^TejiBCTBOBaTB, qro h orpaHH^eHHuvB jrojiflM'L h6 ^ys^a 
noTpe6HO0Ti» bi noasm, He ^ys^o CTpeHJieHie pas^BEHyTb TtonyD h 
TycEjyio nposy xhshh h nTo b% btoitb HanpaBJiesiH ohh h6 MeHLme 
^q^yrnxT* cnoooGsu BnacTb m> BKsajniTai^H) ^yBCTBi, riwb tonie Ha- 
npuseHHyio, n^wb OesHaAesHie n±jih cTpeiuteHit. 

IV. 

IIpeAx HaMH npomasi paA^ oGpasoBx jedaoA, y KOTopuxi, npH 
Bceft Hxrb passopoj^HOCTH, o^Ha ofiman nepxa— cuohhoctb ri nnipoRHM'b 

nopUBaMl, Bl» ROTOpUX'L OHH HHCTHHRTHBHO EIIQrTl* BHCDieft OTpa^lH 

a npejieoTH seshh. Ho &TEWb nopuBaBiflMi He noxi cEJiy no6opoTB 
MejLouocTB E HnqxosecTBo oOuAOHHaro cyiniecTBOBaHiHy — noTOMy ^o 
«aHE OHH cTpaAanrb riMT> se zzowb, cl RaREn eitb hpexoaetgh 6o- 
poTBCH. npE Bcefi Rasyfl^eflcfl mspEHi, bto otpuboihuh h oqenL Ropo- 
TeRbRia CTpeMJieHifl, TaR-L RaR*^ oh'6 nioxo cBasaHii ci ex% npEpoAoft, 
He cooTBiTCTBynrL etl CHJiaM'B n cpeAOTBan^, s aoTOHy ne HirbnT'B 
maHoOBi Ha npoAOisenie. 3to cjiy^aftHHH, npoHSBOJiBHO Hajf^yifaHHiifl 
nopHBaHifl, no oaHOMy oyn^eoTBy cBoeny CesHaAesno npas/^HUfl^ ho^th 
aaBt^OHO 6ednixbB£ui. 

Bi CBoefi TRBXKb nrnpn xslzer ^Jioeepi HHqero TaRx ne fioaicfl, 
RaR-L BTHX'i RopoTeHBRHXi E A^meBux'L no6ymA6Hift, Tan's jierRO cno- 
€o6hhx'b oGHaHUBaxb ce6fl e APyrnx'B. 

cMni ficerxa 6iiJio cthaho, saiiiTOeTB ohb RaR'B-To, yxaaKEBaTB' 
Ba seHnfEHOB-, h tofljca, ^o ocjih h npoESHecy irfa nodTH^ecRia $pa3H, 
ROTopufl npHXOAHjm MHi Ha yicB, RaRi 6s ona ne cRasajia ce6t: 
€RaRoft mapjiaiaHits — e iieHfl ocraHaBjiHBaio onaoenie RaRi 6u ne 
oj^aiBCfl flM%;iiftcTBHTeju»Ho». «y M6HH, npHCaBJiTflerb oH'B, 6iu[a Ror^^a 
TO TO«e oBOfl dnoxa ceHTEMeHTajn»HOGTE, e a, RaRi» RaTopsHSR^, en^e 
Homy RieftHo ea. Hooa cjitj^u o6sora, a hitId npaBo oyAHXB o npE- 
poAt orHa>. *) ^CxbjijeTb ne^iOBipaTB, nEmerb ohx bi Apyrofi pas-B^ 
BooMy, qxo noxoace Ha BAOXHOBenie, TaRi* RaRX bi neirb 6ojn»nie Bcero 
arpaerb' poxb npoABsaTOCTb, t. e. ECRyccTBenHaa BRsaibtaipa, aaHi- 
peHHo Hanyn^eHEaa na ce6a, a ne npHmeAinaa caiia co6ofi» **). 

RaRT* BHAEMi, BRsaibTEpoBaHflua ^yBCTBa HyiuiH ero ne caMH co6oi, 
a ToabRo cBoeft ycaoBHOcxbX) e, RaR% bto he cTpaEHO, cBoefi orpasH- 
qeHBocTbD; oMy Aoporo Cmo ne xoao^Hoe paBHOj^ynrie, ho Ces^B- 
CTBeHHOCTb, a npaBAEBOcTb HeyRopo^eHHaro ^yBCTBa, HecnocodHaro 
aaRjOD^Tb SESsb Kb ECRyccTBeHHua ysoHbRia paMRE ycaoBHaro. 



*) Correspondance, n. 82, 83. 
♦*) lb. I, 186, 187. 



144 PFCG£OE fiOrATCI^BO. 

noBTOMy ero takb nodujuiwb xon uodXH^ecEifi uaeoci, KOTopuK 

OOHOBaHl> Ha ErHOpHpOBaEia AtfiOTBHiejIBtfOCTH. «y S6HIIIHVB, — rOBO- 

pHTB oil, — KOTopHxi CB ^rbiCTBa npij^awTb KO JiXH, nocToaHHaa 
nOTpefiHOCTB Bt ^08TH3a^iH. MysuHa, noxK)6HBiiiit obod npauy, 
djAorb SHaiB, '■no oHa nyna, h 0to He noBpoAHTb ero ^BCTBam; ho 
eoiH seH^HHa noMX}6wrh KOHDxa, to okb OKaseica HeiipHSHaEHHiiiK 
reHieiTB, HsfipaHHoft Aymoft h t. h. TaKX ^to, (iiaroAapa atofi. 
CKIOHHOCTH Kb RocorjiasiiD, OHi He BHAaTB HH npaBAU, sor^a ona ne- 
peA'B HHMB, HH KpacoTH TaiTB, faI OHa CCTB. Tpe6oBaTB aneiBCHHa 

OrL h610HH— 8T0 HX'B nOOTOflHHaH 60jASEb. Oni HeHCKpeHHB CaHH CB 

co6ofi, He cosHaDTOfl HpeAi» oo6ofi bi cbohxi ^yBCTBaxt, npaEHMaiorB^ 
HiROTopHfl wcTH OBoero tijia sa oep^i^e h Boo6paxaDTB^ ?to Jiyna 
cBiTHTTB Hapo«o jifiSL TOFO, TTofiH ocBimaTB HMt Cyflyapi* *). 
B'B hoaoOhuxi npoflBJieHiflX'b ceHTHiceHTaiHSMa h 8K8aJ[BTa^iH, eo- 

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CTHqEOOTH H aHTH9ejlOBiUOCTH», OHt BH^'^'B COBepmeHHO npOHBBOJTB-^ 

Hoe coKpan^eHie npHpo^Bi qejioBiRa, jterKomiGJieEsoe seianie paBop- 
BaTB CI $H8HqeoRoft npEpoAofi. cHe Ha^o AOBipHTB, nEinerB oei, Tony 
poAy BosGysAenifl, ROTopoe HasHBaerca BAOXHOBeHieMi, laRt RaKi> b^ 
aTOiTb qyBCTBi 6ojiBme HepBHaro BoxHeEifl, ^fkwb MycRyiBHoi CHjni» **). 
cdro HeoHocEaH noasin, saMtqaerB ohi no noBOAy oahofo nponsBe- 
Aefiifl,— TOn^afl, 6ezT> BHyrpeHHaro ormi; b'b bthxii ^paaaxi h'&t'b he. 
iiyoRyjOBi, HE £poBE» ***). IIo HOBOAy OAHofi TOMU, ROTopafl eicy He 
no Aymi, ohi» roBopErB: cbto npOHSBeAenie ne bi Moei RpoBE, a ero 
se Homy Bi ^cBOHxx BHyTpeHHOctax'B» '*''*'*'^). BupasHBmHCBofi'b oaeoitb 
noarb, hto tevy eo XBaTaerB cepAita», ohi saH^^aerBi hto HHierB 

Vb BHAy CepAI^e HO^TH BI MOAEI^HSOROirB CHUGJ['&. cY RpOBHUXl 20- 

HiaAeft, RaKx h b'b OTHxi, RpOBB nepenoxEEerB boeu, e beaeo, RaRi* 
osa 6LeTCfl noAi* Roseft h nepejiBBaeTCE, HaHEEaa otb yxa ao eh- 
tori >***♦*). 

Ero caMoro cTpacTEO xflHyio ri> oniynieEiEifi>, ROTopiia pasiEea- 

IDTOfl bo BCi CTOpOHN, BO • BOeBOSMOSHUfl HyBCTBai RpaCRE, BByRH 
ROTOpUfl .He OrpaSE^eEU HERaRHMH yCXOBEUME ^OpMailE, HE^MT. He 

cOKpamenu. 

€H Ee yniK) EaciasAaxBos MOi^a, nHmerB owb, wii EysHH rpere, 

SeCTU, BRCnaEGEBEOCTB; UEi HySHO OpaTB, lOMaTB OT;jn»fl». B'B BTOlTb 

EMOEHo OHUcii ero TaR'B npejoji^ajEa oypoBaa npaaAa SE3HE-r668no- 
iii;aAEafl, xote 6u secTORaa ejls HEEE^Eaa. Osa ero EeorpasHMO 
npEBxeKajia gbooe cBo6oAofi otb Bcero npeAB3flTaro, otb Boero npo- 
ESBOJiBsaro e booCe^o Bcero yRopo^eEsaro. 

diEKii, HanpEEipB, ero TaRi sooxEn^axB boctorb. cAxb, 8tk 



*) Correspondance, n, 96. 
**> lb. II, 75. 
♦**) lb. II. 221. 
***♦) lb. n, 224 
*****) lb. n, 277. 



H81» HCTOPIH GTPEUJIBHlfi Xy^IOSCEHKA. 145 

CAaBHHe TypKH, HfliiierB owb oiryAa, — KaKi> a hxi j[K>6jaQ! a Bce 
He^Tan, OT^ero aro a ae nory M^aiEoa no (jtbx6jsj cl KpaKoirb: 
Ajuaxi! Auaxil SiccHK'b ajib tfopjjCB (bo ana Bora BOBBMareoB sa 
opjsie!) Tfl!k 6i>eTca cep;me qeJioBi^eoKoe acTBBHiiirB aaTysiasaoirB? 
Bi KoHCTHHTHHonoii, B'b ^JAH Boiocaiaro jj^epsama, EOTopufi ptnan 
npoTBB'L HOCKOBBT0BT>» *). Eto ^0 TOFO Bocxafl^ajia 6ea'&acKyccTBeH- 
BOCTL ascTyiueHaaro pEi^aaia ^aaaiasa, ^to oai caifb aiKOTopoe 
Bpeaa ycepAHO ynpasHaica wb noApasBaHia arony Kpaay. ^ase fieso- 
dpaaie npeAciaajiajocB eiiy aeoxpaaaHO o6aaTej[BaznrB, sojb caopo 
wh aeiTB ae ^yBOTByerca aa^ero yojiOBaaro ajia npoaaaojirBBaro, aa- 
saaoft yaopo^eaaocra, kojeb oaopo vb aoMi on^n^aeica noAiaaaaa, 
ae aaAyaaaaaa a ae cjiy^afiaaa caaab co aceft saaaeaaofi o6cTaaoBKoft. 
Taai vb GaBaxi eicy apaaaxca sapTaaaa toqapoBaiejaaua OBoairB 
CBaacTBOifB* **) (d'un cochon charmant). Oai» oieaB pa^yeTca, aaft^a 
aa BOCTOKt Bi> aeTpoayTOMi saAt <b6cb 8toti» orapaaaiitt aoMaairB — 
pa6a, £OToparo xyaarB, yrpDMaro xoproBi^a sean^aaib, iq)OAyBaoro 
Kym^^ — Bce axo xyxi emfi bi nojiaofi cK&secxa, namex^ owh, xyrB 
oao — npaa^a a o^aposaaie. Ha ymiijaxi, wb Aonaxx, ao Bcasoiiy 
QOBoxy onpasa a cjiiBa jiexaxL naio^aue jfljaipu. cb oxxaiaaBana^eft 
paoxo^axejibaocxLKi. FopjEOBue aByaa, noxosie aa apaaa xaa^azix'b 
aaipei; catxi, o6aapyxaBaDmifl 3y6H, aaai ojioaoaaa kocxb, n^ejisa- 
Dnpe noAi» xoicxeuib ry6aHB, aerpu ct luooKaaa aocaaa, aaaujea- 
SBia aora, osepejoa, 6paci6xu» ***). 

Bi BxoMi» aarpOHOSAeaia iffopwb, aaysoBi, apacosB eiiy Aoporo 
6iuo xo, ^xo a^icB Bce aa cboomi Mlcrt, ae auji^yMaao, ae npoaa- 
BOJCBBO, ae cxBcayxo a ae coapaaieao. 

Bnb lepycaiaMi ero o^eab aaaanaexi 6oSaa. <IIocpeAH aomobtb 
cj[yqaftao nonaAaexca nioo^t^, aa oion^aAa ana, a b'b exoft aai 
apoBB, aayxpeaaocxa, aoqa, B^inifi apoeaaJTB xeaiuTB xobob'b jua 
KoiopacxoBB. KpyroifB bobb o;iypa]Diaaa» ****). Bocxan^aacB «3oj[o- 
XBOTB OcJiOMi» Aayiea, Kasx ffleAeapoBTb, ob'b roaopaxi: «xyxi 
qyBcxByexoa eaaiaiTB a MO^eaaaa, ceoxcxbo aepemiexaexoa cb Haoxa- 
qasHOirB. H j[I)6jlk> rpaaB, apafiaajuierB oai, oco6eaao b'b xyxi 
Pa6ia» *****). 

Toxi> se CMHCJTB a xapaaxepi aidmo ero npeaioaeaie npex'B 
ooaepmeacxBoifB xy^osecxBeaaofl ^opMii, AooxaseaiK) aoxoparo obb 
OTAajTB qyxB ae 6ojiBniyiD ^laoxB oBoeK xaaaa. ]iM^ 'H'^ ^^^^ ^^^^ 
ae Fb yaie^eaia BaimaaiTB aaan^eoxBOH'B. Bpa/^-Jca axo 6£U[0-6£i 
npaBAonoAo6ao paAOMi (tb npaBeAeaasMa xapa^aaa oxaocaxeiBao 
«oKoxcxBa» a «rpa3a»« XyAosecxaeaaaa ^opaa xojibko noxoay npex- 
oxaBJiajia A^a aero acxo^aasB aeacxoBux'B BOcxoproBi, ^lo bb aett 



*) lb. n, 328. 
*♦) lb 1, £07. 
♦*♦) lb. I, 237. 
♦***) lb. I, 329—330. 
*♦***) lb n. 122. 

H 1. Ota1ji& I. 10 



146 pyCCBOB BOrATGTBO. 

ovb HaxoAHJTb Bonxon^eme rijOHHU Bemefi. cCauafl npocias ^pasa, 
nBinerB ohi, vHierB camia OTAajeHHUfl oTpaxeHiH*.*). 

MonaooaB'B vb cBoen^ iipexHCJiOBitr ki iraeBMaH'B 6ji[o6epa roBO- 
pHTi Ha 8Ty Teny CJrt;^yI)I^ee: 

<i$j[o6epa BOJDtsoBau ^^pasa, othxi, ocif oyMHUft hjth cirkraft bde- 

T6TB. OhT) HCKaJI'B llOJIfiJLSJSJSJ, BHJTpeBHOCTB dOBTb, UpOHBKaJi'b Vb 

TaSflSEA coofipaseHJfl asropa, ^HTajn> MeAxeHHO, HHHero ho npoayesafl, 
HB^a, KorAa $pa3a 6Hjia noEATa, He ocraiocB-jiiB enne ?ero jifisi 

npOHHKHOBeHifl>. . 

«Gjiopa, — sauiHaeTB otb cefig Monaccan'B, KaK'B j^oheki 4&io6epa 

HCTOJIKOBUBafl OrO MUCJB,— ofijHM^aDTb ^^JHIOfi. BOXBEIIHCTBO ^flTaTejIOH 

H jifiote nHcaTOJieft Tpe6yx)rb otb hhxb tojlbbo cMucjia. Ha^o HaSiH 
dty Ayniy, Koxopaii ofiHapysHBaexcH npH oonpHEOCHOBeEiH cb ;(pyrHMH 
0JK)BaMe, KOTopafl BcnaxoBaexB h ocBimaeTB HSBtoTHBiB npoHBBeAOHiH 

yAHBHTeiBHHMB CBtTOMB, He JierBO AOCraDII^HMCB. 

tCdjEBseBie h conooxaBJieHie bb HSUKt y ^tEOTopBix'B nscaTexett 
npeACTaBJi[fl]DTB oTKpoBeHie hsb oco6aro Mipa nodsiH, EOTopuS oCukho- 
seflHuvH JLiDjihUE. HO saniqaeTCH H He yraAUBaeroH. O^ieHB o6pa30- 
BaHHHe H yMHue jooah,. j^sane nHcaxeJiH, ^acro yAHBiflDTOH,^ Kor^a hitb 

rOBOpflTB O&b BTOMB TaHHCTBeHHOMB CMUCJlt HCByCCTBa; OH^ BH8H- 

BaeTB BB HHXB yj[u6Ky» iiesAy t^mb KasB t&, ]^k Koro ohb AocTy- 
neHB, noHHuaDTB KPjrb APF& cb aochth cjlobb, to^iho obh roBOpATB 
fia SLSUKi HenoHHTHOMB jsfio. ApyrnxB. 4&jio6epa bcd seshb vyqEJio 
cTpeHjenie kb BTOMy neyjioBHMOHy coBepnieHCTBy flsusa. ^jth Hero 
Kb azujsA cocpe^OTOWBajiHCB [Bct cBoficTBa, Bce, ^MTO cocraBifleTB 
MHCJiHTejiH H HHoaTeJifl. ;KaKB y opraHBSMa spoBB nHraoTB i^iro h 
oapeAinaeTB oofioft jumhq Konrypu ero, ero BHiniHift bhab, paooBHft 
H ^anHJiBHiift, xas^ A<fl Hero bb npoHSBeAOHiH caHO coAepsanie 
AHRXoBaio Bupaacenie, Mipy, phxhb, Boofin^e sot npoflBxeHiJi ^opiiH **). 



ToxB se cMuciB, KaBB h saCoxa o $opMt, Hirijio ero xpefioBanie, 
He Henie nacxofi^HBoe, qxo6u bb npoBBBeAeniflXB HCKyccxBa ne hm^o 
irboxa Bupaseme ^yBcxBB h MH'bHiS asxopa. 

<y MOHH, nnmexB oh'b, HeDo6tABMoe oxBpan^eme kb HBioseHiK) 
Ha 6yMari ^ero HH6yAB, HAyn^aro oxb cepAi^a. PoiiaHHCXB ne HirtexB 
npaBa BiipasaxB cBoe UH'bHie no noBo^y ^ero 6bi xo hh Gujio/'PasBt 
EorB Kor^a HH6yjiB BHCEaBiuajTB cBoe MHtsie? Boxb nonoMy ecxB ho 
najo Beu^eii, KoxopuH Menfl jiymsrh, Roxopua iswk xoxtiocB 6u hs- 
BeprnyxB h KoxopHH a uporjiaxuBai). Kb qeny roBopnxB o6b bhxb, 
BB caMOHB A^xi? nepBUH Bcxpt^Hufi BHxepecfl'i^e, "liMB rocnoAHHiF 



*) lb. II, 132. 
**) Letires de B'laubert h G. Saind. Pieiace de Guy de MaupasBant. p. 
LIX-LXII. 



H81> HCTOPIH CTPBMJrBHift X7A0SHHKA. 14T 

TKcraBi ^lofiepi, noTOMj-^o ohi vbHTO 6oiie o6ii^ee, tiojiie th- 
ini^iHoe» *). 

Ho OTOTO HEio: xyAosecTBOHHoe npoHBBeAeme ho aojisho HH^ero 

AOKaSHBaTB, HCEyCCTBO AOXSHO HSfiiraTB CHAeft>. «nOd3ifl, KaKJID fl 

jiDtJjnD, nmneTB ofl, cnoKoSHa h rpyfia (brute), KaKi npnpofla, — 6631* 
esHHOft noA^epBHyroft ba^h^ h KasAHfi ctaxi oTKpHBaerb sairB ropR- 
80HTK, sacraBiflioiiiie He^Taib is^jmi AeaB» **). cBucmee bi» HOEyc- 
CTBi saBiDqaexofl He vh rowb, mo6u saoraBHTB cuiflTbCfl, hih njia- 
saTb, iiH HeroAOBaTB, a ^mfijBi A'&ftoTBOBaTb, Kasii apHpoAa jsjiA- 
cTByerB, t. e. saoraBHTb Me^raTB (faire r$ver)». H Biicmia nponsBe- 
jifiMM HCKyccTBa HHtxyrb HMeHHO aTOTi xapaEiep'B. croHepi, Pafiid, , 
MvKejn^AkAseio, meBcnHp'B, Fere— fiesAOHHu h fiesEOHe^iHn. ?pe8i>. 
vajieHBKifl OTBeporifl OTRpmaeTCfl y hexi bha^ na nponacTH». <6o- 
o6me, BOHRoe npeojAAOBame i^iuiefi ecTB yse oAHooropoHHOCTb no ot- 
HomeHin bi CesrpaHHqHOMy Ben^K) sh8hh>. «KorAa hh CHOTpBM^ 
Ha Beo^H ci Rasofi HH6yAB qiiBS), mi bhahm'b tojKiEO OAHy cTopony 
flxi. Jdah jrerEOBtcHHe h orpaHH^eHHHe, jnu oaMOH^A'^^HHue xo- 
Tflfli BO Bcem sasjiDqeHifl: ohh Hn^yrs js^um shshh h xorairb tsbvA- 
pHTb 6e3EOHe^H00TB. Ohh 3axBaTUBai)TB B^b pysy ropcib necEy h 
roBoparb HopD: <fl coe^HTai), oeoibeo Heo^HHOEi na TBoeirb 6epery». 
MesAy Tfcirb hh oahhi BenEift reniA ho A:bjiarb saEiD^enift h hh- 
sasaa BeanEaa EHEra ho A^iaerb HX'b, norovy-HTO cano ^eiosi'^e- 
CTBO naxoAHTCfl Vb nocTOHHHOirb ABHseHlH H daEiD^emfi He A^aerb. 
SChshb Bt^HaH saraAEa h Hcropia TOase, Htiesi EOHi^a npH6aBJifliDTca 
HOBHfl i^4^pw, EOTopiifl noAJresarb eyMMHpoBaHii)» ***). 

KaEi BHAiMi, Bi* ero onaceHlH BEiaAUBaTb wb npoHSBeAenifl hc- 
EyccTBa CBOH ^BCTBa H HH&Hifl, HJiH BOoCiue HAefiHOo coAopsanie, 

BCe CBOAHJIOOb Kh 60fl8HH HCEJIDHHTeJIbHOOTH. 

dra 60B8Hb BAOft H npOTBl, EaS'b HCrO^HHEa HCEJnomeibHOCTH, 

riaBEKifb o6pa30M'b BH3iiiBaiacb bxi cnoco6HOOTbK) o6paniaTbCfl bi 

npeAB3flTEIfl HAOH, Vb ma6j[0Hl, HBCaBISDII^t orb He05X0AHM0CTH 

qyBGTBOBaTb h shtb co6cTBeHHiiMV rjiasaMH, Ha6j[X)AaTb, HSCjr&AOBaTb, 
BOBaTbHOBHX'b Bne^aTJiiHift. cY nocpeAGTBeHHOCTH, DHinerb ovb, ecTb 
pei^enTti ptmnTewHO na Bcei****). «nocpeACTBeHHOCTb oOoacaerb npa- 
Buo. A H ero HenaBHsy; h npoTHBi nero h npoTHB'b BCHBaro orpa- 
HH^OHifl, npoTHBi* BCflEiX'b EopHopaTHBHOOTeft — K&cTb, iopapxifi, paBHO- 
Bifl H CTly^HOCTH» *****). H Ha EasAOMi mary Wh cyaAeHijiXT>, ^yBCTBaxi, 
<;TpeHjiieHiflx% H nocTynEaxi) jtoaoS ero Bosicyniiaia posoBan cejioh- 
HocTb cpeAHHHaro ^eJioB^Ea bo hto-6£i he cTajio XBaTatbCH 3a roTOH 
BHe inafijioHH, CTpeMHTOJibHo SHAaTBGs Ha npoTopoHHuft nyrb, — He 
ci» rhiTb, htoCh, hah, xoth 6h h no roTOBOMy nyrn, bi to se Bpoiia 

♦) Correspondance III, 806. 
**) lb. II, 41. 
***) Id III. 87. 
**»*) lb. n, 300. 
'•♦♦**) lb. n, 313. 

10* 



148 PyCGKOB BOrATCTBO. 

coxpaHflTB riada otkphthmb jifls. hobuxx Bne^aTiiHift, HOserB 6htb^ 
;ijisi HOBuxib nyTeft,— oTHio;(b jArh\ a \ui Toro, vro6ii pasi saBcerxa 
OTjrbiaTi»ca on Bcero, tto HaxoAHTca BHt AaHsofi pamcH, ^tocIh 
6oj[Bine He npHoiiaTpHBaTbca ki xbshh, He Hsy^axB ea, a shtb Ha 
roTOBUx'B Bne^aTjiHiflxi. 8ra 3aosopy3JiocTb h 3a6aTJCTf> hucih h 
^ysoTBa, ocjia6jiflDn^afl hxb SEBjn Boe^aTJiHTejibHOCTb Kib hobuki 
BjeHeHTaiTB sh3Hh, A^iaDii^afl nxh paBH9AyniHUMH ei tomj, hto 
npoHcxoAHTB 8a npeji^aKH jifixxaxh neperopoAOEB, — 9to to h oo- 
cTEBJuuo BcerAammoH) ochobj Toro^ no Tasii BosMyDqaio ^loCepa bb 
BCflKOiTB BM-i^maTexbCTBi ^yBOTB'b H Hj^elt. CTpeueHie kb orpaHH^eH- 
HOHy H caHOAOBOiBHoiry ma6xoHy,— botb, tto oh'b Bcer^a naxoAHiB 

Vh HHX%. 

Bb ero TerpanaxB Hanuracb ii[toiH sojiieRi^iH, HJutncipHpyuntia 

8T0 npHCTpaCTie IDAefi KI npeABSflTUMB HAOHHB H HXB 03069HHyK> 

cnoco6HOCTB yAHBHTeiBHUirB o6pa30MB oospaoyiTB shbhb. 

<BoAa, HHinerB ^enejioHB, coaAana, ^robu noA^epacHBaTB qyj(HUfl 
coopyseHifl, soTOpuH nasuBaioTOfl Kopa6iflMH» *). cBjeoxh, ?HTaeHB 
Mu y BepHapAeHa-Ae-CeHTB-IlBepa, Bcer^a GpocaDToa na (Stiue npe^- 
Hexu. droTB BHOTHHKTB flaHi HiTB A^ Toro^ 7ro6Bi Mil lerqo Horaa 

lOBHTB HXl*. c^HH, Ofi'BflCHiieTB TOTB SO HHCaTeiB^ paSXtlBlia 0TB 

npnpoAU Ha nacTH^ vro6u ee hosho 6euo CB^xaTB bb cexBi, lUKBa, 
((y;(y^ 6oiBine, hosotb Cutb OBtxeHHoft cb coci;pniH> **). H mho- 
roe Apyroe — Boe bb tomb se po^i. 

EcjiH ysB Bu^aDniueca OHcaTeiH yxHrpjiDTOfl Tan roich^ho yso- 
paqHBaTB cmhctb shbhh, sor^a nipaDTB ee cbohmh cneipaiBHUMH 
vaieHBKHMH Hia6jioHa]iH, TO ?ero se oxHAaTB otb av>shhhux'b id- 
Aeft? Bb Hxi o6n^eoTBi $j[o6epB 6eu[b HaoTOfliu^HirB icyqeHHROMB. IIo 
cjoBaH'B MonaccaHa, «ero qpesuipHaa BneiaTiHTeiBHooTB sactaBJUua 
ero qyBGTBOBaTB RaR'b paHH Ti Tyiiufl nonuoorn, RoropHU hobio- 

pHDTCfl BCtMH eSO^^HOBHO. BuXOXfl H3% CaJIOHa, r^i BB TeioHie j^i- 

laro Beqepa i^apoxBOBaia noopeACTBOHHOOTB, ovb 6£Ub bb HsneMO- 
seniH, ^BOTBOBajTB oeds yApy^eHHiiMB, to^ho ero h36hjih naiRauB, 
H yTBepsAaJTB, mo caHi* ofipaTHJiofl bb HAiOTa. Ooofienno ero pas- 
xpasaio npH axoiiB, roBopHTB Monaocan^, <Boe iro npsHflTO, Boe 
npoABSHToe, BecB apceaarb o6BiAeHHax'B hih hoahuxb MHtnifi, Boi 
6e8yoj[OBHUfl BiposaHifl, Boi xasB HaaaBaeHaa deasMapraBie apia- 

^Ba ero npOHSBeAJ^Hifl, ooofieHHo Aoporia ero oepAi(y> — cHoRyme- 
Hie OB. AHTOHiH» H «ByBapB h neRK>]ne», — HpoAoraBJuiDTB co6oi^ 
le TTO HHoe, RaRB reHepaiBHuft odsopB ob aiofi HMeHao to^irh 3pi« 
Hifl nceBOSKOSHEiXB H^eft, y^OHift^ Bbsspinift h BipoBanifi, othoch- 



*) Lettres de G. Flaubert k George Sand. Preface de G. de Maupas- 
gant p. XXXI. 

♦♦) lb. p. XXXIV. 
***) lb. p. LXXIV— V. 



H8T> HCTOPIH CTPBlUEBlfi XFAOSHHSA. 149 

mHXCfl Kb canm'b pasHOofipasHBiH'B npoAMOTairB h kl pasuwi^ft- 
inHiTb Bonpocars shshh. IIpoHSBexeHifl 8th, ho Hirbi HHiero o6maro 
no $a67Jii, coBepmeHHO TOSAecTBeHHH no njiaHy: «E76api h lie- 
Kiome»— KOJureKi^ia <Hfleft>, «HcKyraeHie cb. AHTOHiat — ^KOMeMia 
«BtpoBaH]8>. H Bce coAopsaEie oCohxi cboahtoa rt> EJunocTpai^H 

pOBOBOfi OEJ[OHHOCTH Jlta qOIOBi^eCKaTO RT> nonUOfi OrpaHBHeHHOCTH, 

K'b onoco6HOCTH qejioB^Ka bhochtb orpaHH^eHHocTB BO Bci o$epu 

SH3HB, iMUCJra H ^JBCTBa, 

Bi cByBapii h IleKDinei A^a no^TOEHiix^B nncapfl vb 0TCTaBB*fc^ 
cqacTJHBiie o6xaAaTejiH SHawTejiBHaro cocToafliA h 6oj[Binie noiuoH- 

HHKH T^OHOCTH, pimHJIH OCHOBaTb C^aClie CBOeft SH3HH, TaS'B CKa- 

daTb, Ha paajHHHX'b Ha^ajKaxi, h, bibh^^j btofo^ bi» Teqenie qtiaro 
piij^a jAvh CTb Heo6HqH £nt<!b ycepAieirb ^HTaDTB khbsrb no bcobos- 
MosBuifB OTpacjiflMi» SHaHiB. So noBOA7 npoHHTaBsaro ohb pasMii- 
mjaDTL, A^BTCii Apyn cl ^ipyrcirb cbohbh Bne^aTJf&HuiHB, A66aTE- 
pyDTb CO SHaEOHHMH, npecil^iyfl ct> arofi nj^jojo ^OBTopa, cBan^eH- 
HBxa, Hoiapiyca, jifiMTb h co6cTBeflHyi) npHCJiyry, a TaKse 663% ycrais 

npOBSBOABTB 6e8K0H6?B£ie ORCnepHHeBTU HaA'b OBOBlfB BHlBieiTB, 

BBAi C060D H HaAi> cKpysann^BHH. npH btohi ohh nooHepe^Bo 3a- 
HHvanTGfl xxidonamecTBOiTb, oropoAHmqecTBOirb, pasBBAOHieirb iiBi- 
TOBi, npHTOTOBJiOBieifB KOHcopBOBi, BBHi, maMnaHCRaro H jraKepoB"^ 

CKOTOBOACTBOMl, XEMioi, ^HSiOJtOriefl, H6;iHI^H0ft, acTpOHOHiefi, MHspo- 

CRonieft^ reojiorieft, naieoHTOJioriett vb CBfl3H cb pacRonRaMH, apxeo- 
Jioiiefi, HcrepieS, poMaHaMH, rHMHacTEROfi, cnHpHTHSMOiTB, iiarHeTHd- 
vom, Marieft, ^HJiooo^ieft, rpamiaTHRofi, aoTOTHRofi, 6orooiOBie]n>, no- 

JUTHSOft, H MHOrHlTb 6^6, — BO BCOlTb 8T0MI BOO^OpeAHO paSO^apOBU- 
BaDTCfl, H HBROHem Bl OT^aflHlH (cOrJiaGHO BJiaHy, He A0BeA6HH0tfy 

Ao ROHi^a, xaRi RaRi poMavb ocTajioa ne OROH^eHHUirb) onoTB depyrca 
sa nepenHCRy. 

Hsy^aa ^aaioiorii), ohh no ^acaMi BBicBSHBaiyrB HarHmom na 
vboKTb; 3aHflBniH0B rHMHacTBRoS, THMHacTBpyx>T% ^yTB He <rB yTpa 
AO BO^epa/ fl Bce b'b TaRom ase poAi. Boofin^e, ohh myTBTB He 
jiDtSflTB, a oTAaDTCfl BCflRoft ofioeft aaiii otb Bcejl ajuih. Ho npn 
aroiTB RaRit-TO Bce laRi bhxoahtb, — h B'b aroicB bch coxb RHBrn, — 
HTo H caMH OHH HO nepecTaDTB A^t^TB HeBOo6padHiiHfl nynocTB h 
HaTajooiBaDTefl bi cbohxi qieHiflxi^ a oiqacTH h vb tiectAaxi erb 
ApyrHMH, Ha fiesROHe^HHft psA^ rjiynocTei h nomxoflreft. IIoxosAeHiii 
Byaapa h neRnme TaRHHi o6pa30Mi» npeACTaBiHiyrB tojibro BHimHit 
npoAiorB, qTo6£i oo6paTB wb oaho, TaRi oaasaTB, 8H^HRJ[o^eAiD orpa- 
HH^eHHocTH, HaTopiaiu A^fl ROTopoS ^^xofSepi ROJ[JleR^ioHHpoBaJrB trb 
sairb^aTejubHoi Haonofi^HBOCTBi) Bib Te^enie nojTB-aRHSHH h o6pa6oTKa 
EOTopofi BSfljia y Hero meoTB nociiAHBxi Jiivb ero sbbhh. Monao- 
caHB, cTOflBmifi o^ohb Gxhsro ri $jio6epy, bhabt-b vb aroft pafiori 
rpaBAiosByn no cbohmi pasHlpaM'B «RpHTHRy coBpeiieHHaro 8HaHifl>, 
cRpBTBHecRyx) HCTopiD HAOH, BO BceBOdMosflKxi OH npoaBJKeHii[xi»» 
<HCTopii) (MaOocTH ^ejiOBt^ecRaro yiia,. nporyny bi 6e8R0HeHH0H'B 



150 PyCCKOB BOrATOTBO. 

J[a6HpHHT% SpjAHUjiH CI OAHOft DJTeBOJKHOft HHTLD, a HtiEeHHO, O'B rjij- 

6oKofi HpoHleft miGiHTejTfl, BCH)Ay Haxo;][Hiiiaro cBHAixejibCTBo bI^- 
HOfi H Bceo6meft TynooTH» *). 

Ste cj[OBa Monaccana, ub^o noJiaraTB, ^^o HSBicTHOt creneHH oipa- 
3HiiH Bi ce&k To^Ry spisla oanoro c&ji[o6epa, rkwh 6ojkie^ ^to <&jio- 
6epi» vb cBOHXi nHCiiMazT> HHor^a BBipasaicjf^ ctojib ase piinHTejn»RO. 
Ho He AapoMi caHi» ovb HacTasBajTb Ha toitl, ^to JumsuK MHinui h 
B038piHifl «rocnoAHHa TKCTaBa $j([o6epa» He aoishh saoiOHflTB pe- 
ajiBHoe ooAepsaHie ero npoESBej^enift. A npHCMaTpHBSuaicB BHHicaTeJiEBHO 
jsfb 8T0My coj](epsaHi]D bi €ByBap'B h neK]Dine>,HejiB3fl hs npHsnaiB^ 
^To aBTopi nosasan coB&kwb He to, "ito yxBepiMaeTi Monaceanii. 
Crojibko 6u he Bii?HTaj[H Hamn repoE riiynocTefi e nomiocret b^ 
RHEraxi, xoTfl 6H E yqeHuxi), npR Hem xyrB, onpamEBaeTCfl, cco- 
BpeMeHHoe 3HaHie>, €HAeH>, e ccBEAiTejibCTBO Bi^naro h BC6o6niaro 
TynoyMiH»? IIo cioBairB MonaccaHa, ^jioGepi co6paii ,«ysacaK)iQyi> 
cepiH) rjynocreft, HOB'bsecTBa, qyAOBsn^HBixi e £ibhhi'i» npoTEBoplqitt, 

KOJIOCCaiBHIIX'L OmB^ORl, nOCTU^^BUX'B yTBepSjD(eHiE, HenOCTESEMUX'B 

cj[a6ocTeE caMUXii bucorexi* yvoBi e o6niEpa£ix'B paayMOB'B. Kto he- 
oaj[i» newb 6&i to he 6fiijro> sorAa HE6yAL as* osasajTb rjiynooTb. 
drj rjynocTB $jio6epi> HenpeiiiHHO Haxo^EJii h noA^EpaJiii, e c6jie- 
safl ee ci ApyroD, h ci ipeTbeft, h oi ^eiBepTofi, ohi coa^ajTb nt- 
jyx) c^Tb, ROTopaa paspymaerb BCERoe yOiKAeme h BOSKoe yTaeps- 
AeHie» *'*'). O^HaKo, na caHOMi A'^'b He TOjn>RO Tasoe saKjno^Hie co- 
BepmoHHo npoBSBOABHo, HO (Tb BTOft TOHKH spiHia A^se HejibBa no- 
HHTb, Kaaoft coficTBOHHo cepbe3HUE flvrepecb Moxerb HpeAcraBiflTS 
8T0 cajfoe cBEAtTeJDLbCTBO Toro, saKie npoMaxE A^aiE xoth 6u h bb- 
jiEKie yMU. ^To HeioBtay cBoficTBeHHO oniHSaTbca — aio TpDEsirb, 
H3i>-8a ROToparo spHAi jie gtohjeo cofiEpaxb HaTepiaiii vb Te^enie noi^ 

Sfl3HE. 

Mes^y TtiTb y $j[o6epa Bi «ByBapi e IleiUDniet A'i^ftcTBETejtbHO 
^ajroxoHa cepbe3Hafl e EHTepecflaH iiucjib, 6opb6a sa ROTopyio BaojiH'i^ 
HOHflTHa, a EMeHHo 6opb6a cb saRopentJiofi CRiOHEocTbH) yua ^eio- 
BineoRaro ncRaxb vb npaBEjit, bi* (f^opnyjii — saROH^eHHoe ptmenie 

BCeB03M0HflUXl SaAaHl H BOOpOCOB'b SE3BH. 3Ty-T0 CRJIOHHOCTb, OCHO- 

BaHHyK) Ha y6tsAeHiE, qTo juo6o& paspax^ sa^aTb sEsneHHUX'b Eiiierb 
cBoe roTOBoe 6e3noBopoTHoe p'bmeHie bi RaRofi HE6yAb HoaojiiBESEoft 
^opiiyjii, — BOTb HTO HeoTcrynHO npeciiAOBaii $Jio6ep'b bi pBoewB 
cByBapi E neRiome». 

Oco6eHBo HaEBso dia cRjioHHOCTb BupaxaeTCfl y npooTOAymHHrb 
repooBi noBiiCTH, Bce BpeME TBep^o yGtsAosHux'b, <ito leicy yro^HO 

M02RH0 HayqETbCfl OHOHb HpOCTO, — HaGpaBHIE npaBflJTb Bl yHHHX'b 

RHESRaxii, E, He cHOTpa Ha fiesKOHe^HHa neyAa^iE, 0% rometoorhmi 



*) Lettres de G. Flaubert h George Sand. Preface de C. de Maupassant p. 
XXIY, XXV, XXYI. 

**) ib. p. xxvn-xxvin. 



HSli HGTOFIH CTPBUEHlfi Xyj^OSHHRA. 151 

yaopcTBOiTB npoAoisann^HX'b A6psaTLCfl axoro yfiisAeHifl. Ohb hohb- 

M^HHO JfiipeHU, qXO eCIH H6 HaniJ[£ HCTHHy Ha TaKOfi-TO CTpaHBI^I^ 

y^efiHHKa ^hshkh, to yan> nas'bpHoe Hafijcyn ee bi Rypci xhhIh, 
apxeoJioriH, neAarorHEH hah «KaKoft HH6yAB lasoft HayKH>. H oco- 

66HHII& HHTepeCB dTHXl nOHCROB'K H 3J[0KJlK)^euift KX'B aaRJiDHaeTca 

Bii ToiTL, ?T0 OHH Bt 8T0iii» OTHomeniH HO ncKiH)qeHifl, ?Tcr npE Bceti 
TynocTH H orpaHH^eHHocTH, OHH KaKi OyflTO He rjiynie ]ipjTwx.%, — 
noTOMy ?T0 Ha KaacAOttf'B mary ohh BCTpiqamrB jnojuefi h Haxo;iHrb 

RHHrH, KOTOpue HOAAOpSHBaDTL Bl HHX'B 8Ty VUCJLh. 06uA6HHHe lIOj^H, 

yqoHue, B£[AaK)n^iecH UEcaTeiH — Bcrb Hanepep£iBT> roBopfln hmt>: 
<Bon> 4^opMyjia, botl npaBHJO HeoxpasHMoe, bot^b CHCTeua!» — n bh^ 
AaHHOi CHCTOMU HHqero h6 xoTarb snaTB. 

OAHaKO, yaopHUH Hey^aHH CHCTeuaTH^ecRH pa36HBaH)rB b% nainHxi 
repoflxi BTOTb n6AaHTH<iecKiii B3^Jlfl;^^ Ha xapaiiiepi OTHomoHift nesAy 

<HA6flllH» H SH3HB10. HTOHiO KHHrb H paSFOBOpU Cb JllOJlhME pOry- 
JIflpHBUIl 06pa30Ml> npHBOAHTli EX'b El* O^HOliy HeSdM'l^HHOMy SaKJIlO- 

HeniD,— qro wb RasAOMi Bonpoci o6fl3aTeJiBHo BCTpiqairrcfl HHibHiH, 
T. 6. HAeH, Apyn> Apyra yHH^TOsaioniifl; a npatflHenie «npaBHJrB» ho- 
jismIhho y6toAa6TL, hto BCflRoe npaBHJio ^to HH6yAB Aa opociiaTpH* 
BaerB e <{to nodTOtfy npocioro 3HaHia npaBHJTB ho AOcraToqno au 
Toro, ROMy HaAO upaMiBajb hxi bi> sh3Hh. Cejia Ben^efi RaR'B 6u 
cMtexcH HaAi) oahoctopouhootbk) HHlHiS H pascyacAGHia h HaA^orpa- 

HHqOHHOCTBIO ^OpMyjIl. 

TaROBO 3aRjiiH)qeHie, ROTopoe nosBOJiHTOJiBHO cA'i^axB hs'b Aannaro 
npoHSBeAeHur, ho HaBHSHBaH eny ^ero HH6yAB co cTOpoHBi. KaRi bh- 
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AOHifi H yTBepsAeHift». Ecm «e ByBapi> h IleRnme A^fiCTBHTOJiBHo 

HHOrAa CRJIOHHH AtiaiB BTOTB BHB0A1»9 TO 8T0 SaBBCHTB 0T:B HXl HpOA* 

cTaBienifl, 6yAT0 bchroo npaBHJio octb h^^to nenoABHSHoe, OesnoBO- 
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BHJTB. Ci Hxii TO^RH splHia npaBHjia aojishh npeACxaBjraTB h^tto 
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0Ti> npoAinecTBymn^aro h nocjitAyDniaro onuTa, otb pa60Tu hsicjih, 
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HHX'B npaSHJIl HHRaR'B HOJIbBfl HpHSHaTB 3a RpHTHEy HayRH H HAOft. 

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BecB HHxepecB noBtcxn saRimqaexoa bi H8o6paseHin xoro nycxoojio- 
pifl H npasAHOHHCjriH, ROxopiiH BBipocxamxi na no^Bi 8xoft npe- 
xeHBiH. 

Bb napauejiB Cb cByBapi h neRH)nie>, cHcRymeHie cb. Ahto- 
Hifl> He ^0 HHce, RaR'B oCsopi npHXfl3aHi& yiia HejioBtnecRaro no- 



152 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

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jsjkmi npe^x cb. AETomerb npoxo/pirb npeAcraBHTOJiH Mexa^HSH^e- 
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HcxHHH» paBiH^HHXi yieHiS pisKO Apyr^ Apyry npoiBBopt^axx. 
0;^HH yxBepamawTi, tto xpy;^i cBaxaa o6a3aHHOcxB, APyrie — wo 
0Ei» rpixoBOHi; o^^eh cxa'Bflxi fipaKi noAi> aospoBExejiBcxBo Ee6a, 
;^Byrie bbwtb bi fipaiEoiTB coaKBTiE rpix^; ojijijs. ^po^OBi;^yH)T^»B03• 
;^epaaBie b^ tfft n r.nibt, j^pyrie yEHqToaarorB moxb ^peBOyro^eii'b 
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EaRi E Bi € By Baps h neKS>ine», — o6EapysEXL xy jrersocxb cep^i^a, 
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yqeflift^ wo6u c^Exaxb cefis flCKJiDqflxejniSHME odiaAaxejEME ecxeeu. 
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BHxeJiBso ^emeBolt e jierEOMucjieEsofi i^EOfi paajfaqsua yqeEiE noja- 
rajTE B08H0SEHMi» ^ocxE^B cBOEx*B x^AOE, nopasaDn^EX'L CBOeft u- 

CTO EaEBEOt CIT&IOCXBD. B'B EpEBOAEMUXt EWb SaflBJieSUIX'L paS- 

HHXB cKyApei:(OB'B» BUA^^exca saEBEoe EpExasasie paonopHsaxBOfl 
npEpo^ofi no OBoeMy jEqEoiiy npoESBOJiy, xoxa 6u sanepoKopi ca- 
MUMi EecoHEiflEinrb saKOsaHii axoft canoS npEpoAU. <Myj(peitairB» 
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Eflxi vb pyKaxi*, so hxo e BJiaoxb saAi) npspoAOfi npiofipixaexca KaBi 
Efl6yAL oqeEB npocxo, EanpEuip'B, noEon^»iD EdBicxEux'L oaKpaHeE- 

XaJJTBEUX'B GJIOBl EJIE ^^Wb EEdy^B Bl aXOlfB pOj^. 

8xa EaEBEaE cauoyB'&peEEOcxB BusiiBaerB B'B AexoeIe e ch^xx, 
E saiocxB. Cirymaff ^KjjspeufiB'b*, owb xo AopsEXoa sa 6oKa otb xo- 
xoxa, xo ropBKO uaqerb otb saiocxE e o6eau sa qejiOBlsa e 3a s^pa- 

BEZfi CMUCJ[1>. * 

H3HyqeEEH8 cosepnjaflieirB ^asxacxEqecKEXi EopiiBaEift, GesEoq- 
BCEEHXi E 6e8Ejio;(Eux'B, CB. AsxoEift saROEenji EaxoAEXi paspime- 
Eie CBOEiTB AynieBsuMi 6jiysAaHiflirB nps be^I opraEEqeoEOft xe8ee. 

Bi jiB)6on£ixsofi no Bxouy noBO^y xEpi^, fiesii coME^EiE, BiipasE- 
JOCB co6cxBeEEoe oxpoMjesie cauoro $j[o6epa ^axB ecxoa'b cBoelt soecxo- 
Bofi saaKA^sEdEE, yflXE esb Hipa yojoBEUxi nyBCXBi e epoesboabehx'l 
yHCXBOBaEiE, E81 Mipa jierEOfiicEHXii npexessii a npasAEHxi nopuBa- 
flifi,— EorpysEBEiECBB'B xe^eEie EeEcqepnaeito 6oraxofi opraflE^ecRoi e 
MaxepiajUEOfi sbesse, EEq-fcui se yRopoqesEoS. Bi ea jcxofiUBocxE oet» 
BEAiJE'B onacesie orb 6e3noq[BeEEHX'B fiiya^aEifi mhgie e qyacxBi, 
vb BiqEofi B08o6EOBjiifleHooxE ea npoEBJieflifi — ecxoa'b esi npExyn- 
juiDmeft pyxESu o6iiA6flEaro cyn^ecxBOBaEifl, cnacoEie orb CRyAEaro 
E rbcEaro Mipa mafiiroEa, orb jmqEoft e napxi&Eoft orpaEEqeEEOcxE, — 
Boo6n^e, otb Bcero, qxo epoesboxbeo yRopaqEBaexL coAepsaEie 

SE3EE. 



ESI EGTOFIH CTPEHJOmmft X7J5flXBMVA. 153 

YI. 

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«HAeS> E «CHCT6in>», HO H (n> CailHMl C060fi. H HHeHHO TJTB CLOCO- 

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puMH eiiy npExo^HJiooL 6opoTBca, h jnofionuTHue ncHiojiorn^ecHie ho- 
THBH Boefi 8Toft 6opB6Bi, Tkwb oco6eHHo HHTepBCHue, w£0 6jiaroAapfl 
HMi ocHOBHot xapaKTepi ero cTpeiueHift h A^flTeJTBHocTH — npoHtfj- 
n^eoTBeHHO xosojijio npoHH^ecKifi — ocjiosHfleTCH h cBoeo6pa3HO ocfit- 
n^aercfl BJieiieHTaMH TporaxejiBEoft ^ynieBHot ap^^h. 

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6htb oxotsi h jifiMe ne racxpoHoirB. Oh-b nnmeTB oboh EHHrH h 
fiojiBme HH^iero. Owb BciynHrb bi» jrHTepaiypy, KaK'B b'b (J^jtuh Bpe- 
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AOTOTOTB Bl HeiTB BCfc CBOH pa^OCTH H B'B HOM'B yMepOTB. OcyAHFB 

ce6s Ha yeAHHenie, ohb nnnierB o^ny EHHry jAtb aoghtb cpa^y h 

Kia^eT'B B'B nee bch) cboid Ayniy> *}. 

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; rocTB en, h bi to se BpeMH pokobuitb o6pa30]rB BTarnBajicH B'B Hee. 
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OAHHOKO, Boe 6ojile h 6oiie oahhoko» **). H ABaAAaTB ji^tb onycTfl: 

€8. SHB7 TO^HO yCTpHI^a H HO 3HaD HH^OrO TOH'B, ^TO Ji^Si/ffroa Ha 

cB'bTft» ***). n emfi ^epes'B HiKOTopoe BpeiiH: cMH'b RasercH, ^to h 
craHOBiKCB HCRonaeHBiirB, cyn^ecTBOH'B 6e3i cBaaefi ot> oKpysasn^iTB 
HipoM'B. A He snan HHKoro, kto 6bi Sbutb bt> cocTOHHiH npoBecTH oo 
MHofi Be^epi), ^To6£[ no^iHTaTB Bir&cTi Kasoro hh67ab nodra. y hhxii 
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nojioasenle Tose, too b'b BOceHHaAAaxB jrbTi>. <?to Henn hphboahtb 
Vb o'naflHie, immeTB ohb tosc BCKop'i sarbui, Tasi bto ysacanni^ee 

OAHHO^eOTBO, B'B KOTOpOlTB fl SHBy» ****), 

^ra orpisaHHOCTB otb ocTaJiBHoro Mipa i^oho nepenjieTajiaGB j 
Hero ci 6ojil8HeHHoft cuohhoctbh) k'b no6ysA^HiHM'B HesaROH^eH- 

HHITB. 



*) 3. 3ojrfl. llapBSCRiA nHCbua, 47. 
**) G. Flaubert Correspondance, I, 102. 
**♦) lb, n, 371. 
*♦**) lb. ly, 19, 25. 



154 PybcKOE BOrATCTBO. 

MaKCHMi ^KKaHi *), conyrcTBOBaBinift $Jio6epy bi ero nyieme- 
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paaoqapoBfiiBajicfl n noqiH ho o6pan;aj['B BHHiiaAm na to, ki> qeisy 
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Ro BcoMy qpesiri^pHOMy a nMeHHO bi CBoefi qpeairbpHOcxa hobosmos- 
HOMy, T. e. 6e3i^tiBH0My, 6e3%HcxoAHOMy. 

no CBHAixeJIBCTBy paSAHqHBIX'B JUDAOft, OH'B BOCXOpraJECH RpOBO- 

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a OffB BHABMO fiUJIl) Bl ECRpeHHeifB OXqaHBia, qxo aeBOSMOSHO 

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xoHi, qxo coBpeveHaaa i^HBHjiaaaiiia noxepajia BRycB Kb caiBamti 
onuymeaiaMi. OAHa«Au bi Rpyry npiaxeieH oht* yRasai'B RaRi na 
oxAajieHHKifi oxroaocoRT) axax-B o^^y^^eHift bi name BpeMa — aa ocxpoe 
a cj[aAocxpacxaoe coAporaaie, Roxopoe mu acnuxBiBaeirb npH bha^ 
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paacRofi HMnepiH, pocRoma BpeMea'B BoBposA^aia a qyAecB «TBioaqa 
a oAHoS Ho?H>. Owb yxBepsAajn), qxo EWb CA^xaa^ npadjrasaxejiB- 
BHH pacqexB, a roBOpaji'B: <8xo cxoajio 6u ABiaaAi^axB MHiJiiapAOB^, 



*) M. du Camp. Souvenirs litt^raires. 
**) G. Flaubert Correspondance H, 64. 
***) lb. n, 101. 
•***) Maurice Spronck. Artistes litt^rairea. 



H31i HOTOPIE CTPEMJrEHlS X7A02KHBKA. 155 

caHoe 6ojn>ineel> Sth ueim, FOBdpHrB J^iosaH'B, coo6mfiLJus. eicy KEEofl- 
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Tasik $j[o6epa j^aerb Hain> HSBtcxHsft AsaTOJiL ^paHCL. 

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nencTOBi. Oh'b oinpaBJuiJiofl wb hoxoa'b npn bchkoicb cjy^ai, Taci 
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HsiKh BBjiiHMi. BKsaflBTaiciH $jio6epa 6£iJia oqeHB HeBHHHaro xa- 
paExepa; bch EanpflaKeHHocTb ero nopHBaHin daBHciia nMeHHO orb 
Hx^ HOBEHHOGTH T. 6. 6e3iHCX0AH0CTH. He A^^poM'B ero TaE-B aann- 
Majia y 3mmh BoBapH, y ^pe^epEsa Mopo, y niapjiH BoBapn h aP7^ 
THXi* — oTMiHeHHaa Bume ^epia, ^ito ^tM-BMente ocymecxBHMH cxpeM- 
jEOHifl, ^±wb OHH 6e3HaAesHie, Tttfi 6oj[Bine& ocrpoTBi ohe aocth- 
rauTB. H y Hero cairoro 6e3'BHcxo;iHocTB ero nopuBanifi toju>ro 
coo6ii(aji[a HifB xapaKxepi EaKoro-TO repoH3Ha OT^aflHifl. «JlHaxoAHJ['B 
y;^0B0J^»CTBie, HBmerB ohb EaEi-io, 6opOTBca cb mohmh qyBCiBaMH h 
Hy^iHTB Hoe cepAAe. OsecToveHHUH opoTHBi caicoro ce6fl, a o5tHMH 
pyEaME HcsopeHflJi'B B'L cefi*! ^ejiOB'^sa. Hs'b A^poBa cb sejueHoS: 
jracTBofi ji xoT&Jii CAiJiaTB o6HaseHHyK) EOJiOHHy, vrofiu noHicrflTB 
HaHefi, saEi na aEeprBenHHEi, He snaio EaEoe 6os6CTBeHH06 niaMfl» **). 

YII. 

CoBepineHHO eciecTfieHHo, ^to pascNOTpisHBUi oco6eHHOCTH jiHiHoft 
asflSHH $jio6epa bi* 3HaqHTej[BH0H cxeaeHH 0Tpa3flj[HCB h HaerojuLxe- 
paxypHoft j^tflxejELBHOCTH. n 3;rkcB Hu BHAHiTB npeiK;^e Bcero xaEoe ace 
ynopHoe cxpeueHie o6oco6HXBca otb A'^ficxBExeJiBHocrH — b'b ofijiacxB 
BcsyccTBa j^jle ncEycoxBa. Ha axoft no^Bi Bupocio xoMExeiBHoe ^ys- 

CXBO HesaEOH^eHHOCXH H OXpUBO^HOCXH GXpeiUeHifi, H JUlEli GliACXBie 

xoro — 8E8aj[BXHpoBaHHoexB HXi. 8xa assaiBXEpoBaHHooxB npoflBJU- 
jumacB, CB OAHOE cxopoHH, CEioHHOGXBD Haxo^EXB SqjiteHeHHoe y^o- 
BoJ[BcxBie B'B odoGxpesiE CesiEoxoAHaro xapasxepa gbohx'b nopuBaflitt, 
BGEycGXBeHHO yRopoqeHHUx'B Bi axMOG^epi HGEyoexBa ^jubi HGEyccxaa, 
a, CB Apyroft cxopoHU, cM'bHajiaeB repoH^ecEH orqaaHHUirB cxpenjie- 
HieH'B HaGHJKBGXBeHHo saAyniHXB B'B ce6i npoHBJieHie saEEXi 6u xo 
HE 6huio xeHAeHi^ifi e qyBcxB'B. XapaExep'B nojiy^aBoiefiGH npE axoicB 
AymeBHofi EOJuraBin oCpHGOBBiBaexGa HEsecjiiAyDn^flME GBoeofipasHiuis 
o6GXOHxej[BGXBaME ero jiflxepa'rypHOfi A'i^xeJiEBHOGXH. 

MaEGEHi ^EaH'B pasosasuBaexi, sasnirB juofionuxHuirB o6pa- 
soH'B <&j[o6ep'B o6paxEji[Cfl si E3o6paseHi» otujijdauoS. A^fioxBExejiB- 
HOGXfl. B'B ^eojA nepBUX'B GBOHXi jiHxepaxypHiiX'B onuxoBi>, ohb yse 



♦) Anatole France. Vie litt^raire n, 18—22. 
**) Correspondance in,- 109. 



H8T» HCTOPIH CTPSMJDSHlfi X7A0SHHKA. 157 

6jjijnM uovtE 30-TH xirb, HanHcajti cHcKjineHie ob. AHTOHifl> h 
crb TopsectBOMi» npeAcraBiurb axo npoHSBeAeme Ha cjxb abjxx npi- 
HTaiefi cBOHXi — ^^Kana h Byjibo. npeAi> na^iajioirL ^TOHifl $Ao6ep^, 
qo CBoftcTBOHHoft eHj MaHopoft^ BocTopaseHHo ToaTpaiBHofi, noTpacaH 
Hajii roioBofi pyKoaHOUD, BOcuHEHyjUB: «eciH bbi ne paspasHTecB 

EpHKaHH BOCTOpra, TO HHTTO HO BX COCTOHHiH BacB paGmeBejiiRTi>.> 

nocjiijIOBajio ^Teme, npo^iojixaBineecfl neTiipe ahh noApflAi>9 no bocbmh 

^aCOBl. B'L A6HB. IIpiflTeilE, HOGJli HisOTOparO K0J[66aHk, plmHJIH 
CUTB BHOJIHt OTSpOBeHHHHH H KaTeropHieOKH SaABHJIH aBTOpj, ^TO 

coBiTjioTB eny 6pocHTb CBoe npoHSBeAOHie vb ne^Rj. Majo Toro, ohh 
yrOBopHJBLH $jio6epa B3flTbCfl sa CDaserB, KOTopuft ne A&BaA'B 6u euy 
BOJiH H caM£iMi> coj^epsaHieMi cBOHin* HO nosBOJum euy 6e3E0Ee?H0 

paCHJIilBaTBGH, TepSflCB B'B EpaCHBHX'B, 3By?HUX*B j^pasaZTt H aCHBOUHC- 

HUXB odpasaxi. ^a aroro ohh peKOHeHAOBaJiH euy bshtb cnserB cosep- 
meHHo nposaHTOCRifi hsi o6uAeHHOft shshh h ipaETOBaTB ero bo3- 
MoasHO npocTO, ecTecTBOHHO. $j[o6ep'B aojisbh-b Ghjtb corjiacHTBOH cb 
AOBOAaMH npiHTeiefl. A Kor^a Ha cjiijijiomS. abhb ByjiBo, cjy^a^Ao 
BODOMHHBi ApaHaTH^ocKyK) HCTopiffi AOETopa fifiJLone 6j[H3b PyaHa, 
sena KOToparo OTpaBHJiacB, saMiTHJi'B: coT^ero 6u T66| ho HanncaTB 
HCTopiH fJI|ejioHe?» — $jio6epy btotb ciDserB cpasy noHpasHJicfl h owb 
ero B3fljix. UocjA nicKOJiBKHX'B lirB.ynopHofi pafioTS na ary Tony, 
owb HSAax'B cr-xy BoBapH>. 

<r-8a BoBapH» HMiia BUAaionuflcfl ycnixi. Ho ^jofiepi o6pa- 
XOBascH, ^To pasAiJaJicfl HaK0Heip» crb HenaBHOTHofi cpe^ofi mojkhx'b 
JUOAefi H cipeHBsaro cyn^ecTBOfianiH h o6paTHjicfl ki cDseTy nai* 
ApeBHe-a^pHsaHCRofi shbhh. Iloasi Buxo^a B'B cb^tb <r-»H BoBapH> 

OHl nHCaJLl OABOfi . SBaROUOfi: «MeHfl ' C^HTaXyrB BlI)6£6HHU]rB B'B 

peajiBHoe, a a ero nenaBHsy. B'B <BoBapH> h saAajiCH npeABSBToS 
^*J[BI). Bee, HTO fl jinfijiK) — oTcyTCTByerB B'B btom-b poMani. Hpes-B 
H'iROTopoe BpeMfl fl jiaMi BaiTB HiHTo 6oiie BoaBumeHHoe m> 6ojrbe 
^flCTonjEOTHoft cpe;i^...> ^BoBapn, nEHierB oh'b B'B Apyroft pas'B, j^ajia 
HHi Hf^ojuro oTBpan^eHie on Oypsyasnofi cpe^u. SL cofinpaDCB vb 
Te^eHie h^croju^rhxi ji^tb ikhtb cDaReroiTB BOJiHROJiiaHiiirB h A&se- 
RHiTB OTB coBpeHeHHOCTH, ROTopafl vwk HaAoiJia>. *). 

MesAy Tiwh, pafioiaii HaAi* CajiaH6o, oh'b ^esi HiRoiopoe BpeMfl 
HHmeTB: «iio jiiipi Toro, rbri a norpysiancB Bi aHTHqnoe, MeHfl 

BHOBB OXfiaTUBaOTB HOTpeCflOCTB IipHHflTBCfl 3a COBpeHeHBOe, H fl HpO 

ce6a roTOBJiH) Ry^ ^HrypBD **). g 

E A'i^ficTBHTeuHO, HeMeAieHHO no OROHqaniH Caj[aH6o, oh'b npH- 
Hfljicfl 3a cDsceTB HSi coBpeHeHHofi SH3HH H o6pa6oTajii ero vb 

cCeHTElieHTaJIBHOlIl BOCnETaBiE» B'B CaHOMl XpeSBOlfB TOHi, CaMKHE 

dpuMH EpaciaMB. Ilccjii BToro npoESBej^eBiE ohi o6paTEJ[Cfl oeatb 

R'B dESOTEqeCROfi odCTanOBE']^ E $aBTaCTEHeCRBMl TeiiaMl B'B cHcRy- 



*) Correspondance, m, 68, 71, 138 etc. 
**) Correspondance m, 161. 



158 PyCCROB BOFATCTBO. 

ineHiE CB. AHTOHifl.> Ho He ycnix'B ovb okoh^htb bto npoHSBeAeRie, 
Kasi ero onaTB saHHTepecoBU'B cospeHeHEHft cnserB n ouanh co- 
BpeHesHutt 67psya, soTopoMj owb no^nii 6e3pa3AtiBH0 nocBflTHJTB bi> 
AEyBapi H neKnine> nocitAffie mecTB jsin* asHsfiH. 

3to RHAanie mosaT AByua c^epaMH— oGiacTBio ctpeHBRHX'B fijAHefl 

H 06j[aGTBK) BOSBUmeHHUX^ ^JBCTWb, CEJEBHBIX'B CTpaCTC^ H flpKHX^b 
KpaCOE'B — 6BUI0 HpOflBJieHi61Il TOft »e OCHOfiHOit «iepTH, EOTOpyiD MBI 
OTMiTHJSH H B% BTO HHTHIfHOfi JIH^HOfi XH8HE. TyTB CRasaJiaCB BCB 

Ta 86 HosaROH^eHHocB noGysAOHift: h nposa* o6HAeRHocTE, h nossifl 
npEnoAHflTuxi nojioseHiS npHBjreRaiH ero, ho he n, hh Apyrafl He 
yAOBieTBopflJiH. Bi 6e3CTpacTH0H^ Ha6jiK)AeHiH HejiRHxi ^aRTOBi owb 

HB HaXOAEJIl> yAOBJUeTBOpeHlH EaEHMl> TO HHTEHHBIlf^ H 0^6HB BJiaCT- 

HBiiTB saapocaM^ qyecTB'B, a oTAaaaHCB hhcthrthbhum'b CTpeifJieHiiiH'B 
Bii c^epy npHnoAHHTHXi on^yn^eHift h flpRHXT* RpacoR'B, ohi qyBCTBo- 

BaJTb BX1> OTOpBaHHOCTB OTB SH3HH. 

npaBAa, OTAasaflCB crjohhocth norpysaTBca b-b Maocy ofisgieH- 
Hux'B AGTaiefl, ^jiofiepi bhahho HcnuTHBajTB npH stom^ ctojib Aopo- 
roe evy omynieHie niEpH seshh— cnocofiHOcrs en Ri 6e8R0He^H0iiy 
npoAOJiaceHiio m Bt^HOHy ofinoBJieHiK). Bi npoH3BeAeHiflX'B ero, b^ 
EasAOU'B oEHcaHiH, wh JLJo6om> oSpasi, bbi naxoAETe cjiijm pafioTU 
Boo^paseHifl, ynopno o6BOi[aRHBaE>n;e& RasAoe flBjenie i^imoft c^tbr) 

MeJOTHX'B ^BRTOBl H ^epTO^eR'B, HOJiyqeHHIIX'B HyreiTB 6e8qHCJ[eHH£rXl 
Ha6j[I)AeHifl tt CROHdBHEpOBaHHUX'B TaREM'B 06pa30]rB, ^TO BH ?yB- 

cTByere ce6H rarI) 6u uorpysenHUMH bi nenpepBiBHoe Te^eHie 

XH8HH. 

OAfiaRO, RaR^ xyA0SHHR%, ohi HelforB ne qyBOTBOBaTB, tto A^t- 

CTBHTOilBHafl HOJIHOTa OHiymeHlH 8E8HH ABOTOH HO CTOJIBRO 6e3R0Heq- 
HOft ClfiHOft OTAtjBHHXX BHeHBTJI'iHift HOBUMH, CROJIBRO 0IIO006hOOTBK) 
OBJiaAtBaTB HMH, OXBaTHBaTB HXT* GBHSB H SEByi) HOCJliAOBateJIBHOCTB. 

n opraHHsaTopcRafl cHja xyAoacecTBOHHaro HHCTHHRTa, npoaBjriiflCB 
yeAHHeHHUHH nopnBaicH^ ne tojibro ne AaBajia b% stoitb OTHomoHiH 
Hoisaro E cnoRofinaro yAOBjeTBopenifl, ho OT^aoTH en^e pasApasajia, 
6iiaroAapH cBoefi neyjioBEUocTE. ^±jlo wb toitb, tto HAeE, npflHii;HiiH 
cosHarejiBHaro Hipooo3epi^aHiH9 SHxeftcRie HHTepeca, peiHiiosHfiifl: 
y6t8AeHifl — Bce aro, pa3i> oho npiodpiieHo, RaxAtifi P^'b 6e3X oco- 
deiBaro ipyAa BOSCTaHoBJUieTCA bi* cosHaHin h ^yacTBi. A TBop^e- 
cRiH nopuBaHifl xyAOsecTBOHHaro HBCTHHRTa RanpESHO neyjioBHiru. 
H noBTOiiy ^jroSepii, ynopno oTropasEBaHCB on Bcero, qro opraHH- 
syerB shshb e Aaen hcxoa'b fiesROHe^Ho pasposHenHUHx npoBBJie- 
fliaiTB ea, — RpoM* cTHxiinaro xyAoaKecTBBHHaro HHCTBHRxa, — naxoAajTB 
E Bi co8epii[aHiH RapTEHH HeEc^epnaeMaro 6oraTCTBa 8E8hh Bce to 
86 qyacTBo pacrepflHHOCTE h pasApaseHifl. 

noA'B BJiiflHieH'B axoro padApaxeHifl, offB bi cbohxi H3o6pa8e- 
HiflX'b peaiiBHofl 8E3hh He npocTo EsCirai'B npa8AH£nn> HJijrH)3ift ^an- 
TasiE, a OTAaaajicH AerarejiflH'B cipeHBRoH A^HcTBETejnbHOCTH ci Ra- 
REHi-TO osecTo^eaieifB, CessajrociHO norpysaa Bce vb TycRinfi ct- 



Ed^ SCTOPIH CTFBMIEHlfi X7A0SHHKA. 159 

pHt TjiiavB MeJioqefi 668% HOXOAa, bi> KOTopoirb fiesHt^esHO 6apax- 
TaDTCfl ^BCTsa HJiH^HOCTB ^eiOB^qecfiifl. E pflAoiTB 0% dTHiTb, ^as- 
Tasiii ero jip KOHi^a shshh Bce HHRaK'B He Moria OTopBaT&ca orb 
npHcrpacTifl R'b HeHysHO apRHirL KpacKaifL, ki oGpasairB, coBepmeHBo . 

^JlKJS^Wb 06HAeHH0t A^fiCTBHTeJIBHOCTH H JSTb aRSaJtBTHpOBaEHHITB ^yB- 

OTBaiTb. KaKi vh toitb, TaRi» h bi ApyroHi cjiyqat eiiy AOoraBJiJUO 
6ojri8EeHHoe yAOBojiBOTBie Cepe^HTB wb oe&k on^n^eme CesiHcxOAHOCTs 
oBOHXi nopuBaflit. cEcm HHt ^to EflCyAB HecHOCRo, nHmerB ohi 
OAHasAU, TO HeHfl t&mi» 6ojrBme TEEerB rb aTOiiy EeoBocEoicy; Rorjia 
y MeEfl HTO BHfiyAB ^emeTcir,— e pacn^apanuBas) ce6fl ao RpoBH» *). 
3T0fi-T0 ORJiOBHOCTBD ycHjieEBO 6epeABTB BB oe&t TO, TTO pa3Apa- 
saoTB CBoefi 663i>ecxoaeoctbh), o6i>acBaiDT(Mi Bci Tb npeyBejH^eEm, 

rb npOEBRSyTUE OABOCTOPOHEOCTBIO H HCEJnonTeJIBSOOTBX) BOSSp^Elfl 

Ba HCRycoTBO E aKESEB, ROTopHE oEi* CB TiiTB 6ojrbniHHB OXOCTOqe- 
EioMi BucRasuBaJi'B, qtvB EecoMEiEBie 6hi2LB RXi flBsafl 6e3HaAes- 
BocTB. <MeEE c^HTaDTB BJiD6j[eEsii]rB BB poajiBsoe, a a ero EOEa-^ 
BHsy> **), saflBueTB obi. «SCh3eb ao TaRoft oreneHfi oTBpaTETeJOiRafl 
Ben^B, ^TO eAEflCTBesHHfi cnoco6B BepesocHTB ee — bto ES&braTB en 
A qTo6H EaGirEyiB ea — HaAO «btb acRyocTBOM'Bi ***). Maao Toro, h vb 
BCRyccTBt-To «npeaA© »cero — cTEaB, a yai aaTiHi npasAa* ****). 

BHCRasBiBaik bth napaAORCSi, oeii RaR'B tiyATo BexoT&rB savb^aTB 
qro eojiH Oh A'i^i^cTBBTejiBEO AepxaTBca exi Vb cepBesi, to bi pe- 
ByjiBTarb aojisso 6ii nojiyqETBCE si^TO hosotb 6utb en^e 6ojrbe eh- 
^TOXEoe e 6ojiie ysRo flCRjDqETejiBEoe, ^iwb otoib BOSMyE^aBUiafl ero 
<A6ineBafl no83ifl> mafiioEsuxB qyEOTBi e ycioBEUXB cTpacTefi. 

Ho A^o Bi* TOMB, hto ptsROCTB dTsx'B napBAORcaiBEux^ nojioxe- 
Bifi i^tjiEROMi saBRcrbjia otb co3EaEiE ex'b nojraoit 6e3saAe]KE0CTfl e 
6e3iEcxoAEocTH. A qyBCTBO ycEJieEEaro pasApaseEia, ROTopoe owb bi> 

BEXl BRJII^UBaJE'B, 6UJI0 lEpEqeORBMB BBipaseEieirB ESMyqefiEOCTE TE- 
SeiOfi 60pB60& CB GeSlECXOASOCTBH) SS3EB, SaHREyTOt m> TECKE 
BCaqeCROfi ECRJUOqETeJlBEOCTE E OrpaEEqeEEOOTE. . 9tO ^JIB RpERB 

AyniE, ROTopaa Bib AOBepmeEie Bcero vb ce6t caMoft saxoAEJia 8je- 

HOBTEI TOfi Se EeEaBECTEOft SaMRSyTOTTE E 6e3lECXOASOCTfl. 

TiifB Be Meaie, npa BceifB ynopcTBi, (vb rotopum'b $Jio6epB xa- 
BEHi o6pa30H'B OepeAEii vb ce6t 6ojii3BeEEoe qyBcxBo |;oTroposeH- 

HOCTE OTB SH3EE E Ea 8J10 CTapaJEGE HOAqepREBaTB npBEI^EIliaJIBEyK) 

6e3ii,tjiBEocTB xyAosecTBOEBaro TBopqecTBa, BceTBRE CB ero cropoBBi 
8T0 Cnjifl npasAEHE cjioBB, — npasAB, A&JieRO ae OesBpeAEua, eo ^to 
rJiaBEoe — o^eBB Hajio yAOBioTBopaBmia ero caMoro. A nea^y t'^itb 
- to fiiaroroBMsoe BOoxan^eEie, ROToptiM'B oeb 6iijix npoEEREyTB no 
OTEomeBiK) r'b ECRycciBy, i^^jierohb horoejiocb eb yCtoAOEiE b'b cdo- 



*) Correspondance, II, 64. 
*♦) lb. m, 68. 
***) lb. in, 86. 
*♦♦♦) lb. m, 71. 



160 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. ' 

oo6hocth npoHSBeAeHift xyAosecTBOHHaro TBop^ecTBa 6utb nojmi^ft- 
mHirb BOiuoiiiieHieMi sh3hh, coBepmeHHifiineft ROH]teHTpai0e& efl, bo 
Bceft EOHcqepnaeMofi ea nmpHHi. RponoTUBoe ssy^eHie xeoffrKOBi 

TOMOBl, MiCflipi H TOm G06HpaHifl HAOOK ^^aKTOB^b — CI eABHCTBOH- 

Hoft njlLiBio nojty^BTB Haiepias'L au HioKOibBEX'B orpows'L — seoono- 
pmoifl ^aETb, MHoro pasib mfiBniifl irtoTO bi pa6oTaxi $j[o6epa. 
Aifl Toro, TToQii cosHaTeiLHO ooBepmaTb TaKie Tpy^oBfiie noxBErs, 
spcHa 6uj[a njfioKaH sipa b% to, hto OAHHaa cipo^sa xyAOseciBOH- 
Haro npoHSBOAeHifl, Mejocaa ^epra xyAosecTBeHHaro o6pa3a bi> oo- 

OTOHHiH OXBaTHTB 006ofl rpOHaAHUft 061611^ XH3HE; HySHO OaiBHO 
BipHTb, TFO HOByOGTBO 06sAJlfik&rb KaKHMH-TO ^eSBBI^attHEIMH Ope^- 
OTBaVH AXfl OCOfieHHO HHTHMHarO npOHHKHOBeHlfl Bl SH3Hb. H IipO- 

oGjiaAannpEM'B ^botboh'b $Jio66pa 6£ua HHeHso ero Bipa, ^o zyAo- 
xeoTBeHflOHy ^npoHHEHOBemi) B-b shshb Aoorynna oiiooo6HocTb otea- 
pyaosBaTb bi Htf^TosHMnrarb nejioiax'b AiftcTBnreiibHooTH DmpoBift 

if^Wh XH8HH, AStTB nO^yBOTBOBaib CBflSb OAHHOKOft KOJIO^E Ol CeSEO- 

se^EHinb MaocoBuiTb noTOKOirb m. 

KoHe^HO, dTO 6sucb TOJibBO HAoajTb ero xyAOseoTBeHHurb orpeM- 
xoHifi, TOJiLbBo Buomaa Hrb To^uca. Ho BOOTaKH nAean-i» ero 6wFh 

IMOHHO 8T0Tb, a HO HOByOCTBO 6681 I](6j[H H HO HCSyOOTBO, BaBl paB- 

HOAymHoe noApasaile A^oiBETejDbHooTH. ^iftcTBHreiBHooTb bi ero 
na3axi» nopasena yKopo^eHHOCTBio, a HOKycoTBO— cipeHHToa paoniH« 

pHTb aUBHB. 

A. KpacHOceiibCKiR. 



HoejitAHflH nteHH. 



I. 

Oht* TOMHJicfl BX HeBOjA, nisei^i mojfoaoS, 
H Hejyrb ero TaftHHft cxarajn, 
Bee cipaniFie h ^ame nopoK) hohhoS 
XoJioyB cxepTH Bx kpoBH npofitraji'b. 
A BORpypB pasAaBaJUHCB npoKJUiixfl h ctohx, 
^Hidft ctrixx H puAaHBa JiioAefi, 

EeSROHeHHtlfl, XOJIOAHUfi, Hy?HTeJQ>HHft 8B0HX 

H 6pflitaH&e THKejuaxt iiclnefi... 

— HoHb. OroHL, Aoporaa, MepDiaeix bx yrjiy, 

J[k>aii cnJirb h TOMBTca BO cni^. 

Kto to BApyrb noAHHJica na xojiorhomx nojiy, 

^M TO TiHB BflpyrB Jierjia na ciifli, — 

To orB TarocTHHXi chobb npofiyftHJica irlsei^'B* 

XojfOAx CMepTH ero JieReHHTB. 

0, owh sHaerb, ?to CRopo HacTanerB rohoi^ 

n HeSpHHafl CMOpTB npHJieTHTB. 

H BB npeACMopTHoft TOCRi npoHecJtncB nepoAx hhitb 

A^TCTBa, H)H0CTH CypHoft roxa... 

KaRx jhoChjii ohi CesyMHO, RaRB 6iurB ofb jao6mtb 

H RaRB Bce ynecJiocB Cesx cJiijiiBL. 

^^ajRxa CHacTBfl oEHrajia, Toxima u'Ibi^i 

H, RaRB nyTHHRB bo MpaRi HOqHOH'By 

no CojiOTaifB H Ae6pjiMB OHx meji'B Cesx ROHi^a 
3a 6jiyjRAaH)ii(nM'B sjihm'b ofohbrohx. 
Hacna^AOHBfl h pocRomB bt> CoraTBixi ABopiiaxx^ 

JIaCRH JRCHII^BH'B H SaBHCTB BparOBX, 

Bce owb BcnoMHHJTB TenepB, yuHpaa bi uhusTb 
GpeAB npecTynHHXB h rpyCuxx patioBi. 

9i 1. ^*n I. 11 



162 PyCGSOB BOrATCTBO. 

BcnoMHBjrB ly, o ROTopoft He cm^jtb owl MeHTatb, 
Ho SesyHHo h cxpacTHO ice^ajrb. 

Eft XOT^JTb OWb BCK) JKH3HB H BCO CHSCTbe OTffi,Th^ 

^jifl nefl CBOH nicHH cjiarajrB. 

^yTRO, jRaAHO rbwb nicEnwb BHHuajia ona, 

3aropajiHCL sapHHt^u bi onaxi... 

Ho 2ReHa BJiacTejsHHa MeHiaiL ho xoJURHa 

BjnoSjieHHuxx h sajiRHxx niBi^axi* 

Mnoro pui^apeft cjiaBENxi h sHaTHux's BORpyrb.*. 

H OHX BCnOMHHJTb Ty rpOSHyK) H09B, 

KorAa CTpacTH h pobhocth jKrynift He^iyrb 

He cyHijiii ewb bi KYmi npeBOSMOHB. 

HoHB 6ujia H rposoft h npoRJUflTbeirB nojTHa... 

Owh ydHJU... 0, saiiiTb BcnoMHHaTb... 

H ROiTB xaRi 6e3yMH0 puxajia OHa, 

Owb He MOFb H TenepB pasraxaTB. 

A RorAa ohi na yrpo saROBaHHfiift meJTB 

n Bejm ero hhmo ABopi^a, 

Owb BsrjiHHyjiii Ha nee, ho ohdCbh ho Hamejnb 

&B BupaseHBH HiMoro jiHiiia. 



n. 

H xenepB ovb oahhi yHHpaerb bi it^oflxi 

H 8ary6JieHH0ft jrhshh ne acajiB, 

JiHmB yMHaxBCfl 61 CRopM na HespHioixi Rpiuiarb 

61 6e8R0HeHHyH), raxyio WLShl. 

JI^oropaerB ofohb, sa xiopeMHoft cxinoft 

3aropHxcfl ysi CRopo pascB'lxi, 

Axi), Roky si'b owh cnoexib bx axoft shshh seiiHOft 

CBOft nocjiiAHifty npoH^aJiBHNft npHB'i^Ti! 

H BsrjuflHyjLi ohi RpyroMx na Hecnacxmixi JuiOAeft, 

PasMexaBmHxcji s^b xarocTHOMi cni, 

H npHCJiymajica kb SBony xojioahux'b 'i^ineft 

Bik Henpo6yAHOfl hohhoS Tumiswb. 

Ohi BFJuiA'bJicfl BTi Hxi> JiHDia H wb rpyCuxi Hepxaxi 

BApyTB saH'ibxHJi'B cxpaAanBH nenaxB, 

HOHHJIB OHB BCK) USTb SCHdUB B HpORJUHTBa H CXpaXl, 



noca^AHflfl a^cHfl. 163 

H eny saxorljiocB piawaTL. 

no3a6uj[i> owp Bce CHacrie jkhshii CBoe' 

lid CTpaAaHBA CBOH OWb SadJUUTb, 

Oht» jibidb BHA^JTb Hec^acTHsx'b, desyicHUTb juoxefi 
H 6e8yMH0 h h^sho j[io6Hjrb. 
Ohi yBHJiijii, ROMy Bi aioft MpaHHOft tk>pbm% 
JIe6exHHyio nicHio cnoerb, 

JI^JIH ROrO dia uiCER ei TOlUITeJIbHOft TBlli 

no3a6uTOft sapeK) CjieceerB. 
BecB HeBixoMoft, HOBOft CEJioft oSbati 
Ohi» saa^Jix cpexB MOjiqaHBfl n tbmu. 
Gjiobho rpoMa Moryqifl h CTpaciHHft pacRaiB 

IIpORaTEJICA nOX> CBOXOin» TfOpBMU. 

npo6y»AeHHue jiioah, uibusnE SBeHfl, 
Bi HsyHJieHHOirB Bociopri vjisijsfrt'b. 
HoiB npoxoAHrb, JiyHH BocxoAfln^aro aha 
Ha OROHHUX'B ptraeTRaxi 6jiecMrB. 
A B0Jiine6HaH nicna Moryieft BOJiHoft 
IIpoHHRaerB wb jhoacrU cepAi^a, 

JlfiLmeVb CiaCTBeHl; CB060A0ft H lOHOft BQPHOfl 

H DJiuBeTB H sByqHTb 6e8'B ROHaa! ^ 

no8a6uTU npoRJiATBfl, H6B0JIH, nosopx, 
IIpecTynjieHBH h jrh8hh o6HaHi». 
nepeA> HEME cBepRaeiB JiasypHuft npocxopB 
n seiiaoft HCHesaerB lyMaH'B. 
BesROHeiHoft jdioGobbk) h CHacxBeMi ropa, 
OffB nocjii^AHH)io jrbcBJo noerB... 
3a OROHHOfl pimeTRoft nwiaeTB sapa 

H TOpjReCTBeHHO C0JIHI](6 BCTaOTB. 

BocTopacoHHue Bsopu BB n'J^Bifa ycTpenHBi^ 

Bci BHHMaiOrB 6e8HOJIBHOft TOJinOft 

H, cypoByK) roJioBy hhbro CRjroHHBB, 
Thxo njnaTCTx iiopeMmHRi ciAOft... 



III. 

Ho cjiafiieTB niBen^B, cepAae 6BeTca 6oJD[BH%fty 
Ojiesu 6jLemjTb bi* TyMaHHuxi) onaxB, 

n* 



164 PyCCKOB BOFATCTBO. 

n^^^Hfl JDBeicfl Bce Tflme, sBjarb see H&KHift, 

SaMHpaa he 6jAffaiTb ycTax^. 

Sbjkh pByTCA JieiA no leHHHiti oipoft, 

JKhshh nuierb ohi». nocJiiA^ npnBim. 

TaKi AepesBfl poHfliorB seceHaeft nopoft 

CBoft jsjunncniAj cepe6pflHuft ipiis. 

Ha saKOBaHHuxx, Mon^mixx h rpyduzi pyBax'B 

HiaCHO ySHHKH ffipXHTh U'lBI^k, 

Cjnesu sapKUi Cjien^yn b:b cypoBHXi» o^axi 

n 6ibryrB, h 6iryn 668!b ROHi^a... 

He cipanmrb ero CMeprb, ohi JiaBpoBuft BiHeAi 

SacjiyauuTb aroft nicHBio CBoeft 

H CB 6jiiaHeHHoft yjD[u6R0H) yxepi n^Bei^ 

Ha pyxaxrb npocBineHEBixB JonoAeft. 

Allegro. 



Cpe^H HOHH H JIB^a. 

HopBepxccKan nojispHajsi aKcaeAHnia 1893—96 rr. 
0pumho0a HaneeHa. 



BBE^EHIE. 

EenzsAjiflsinia. n HenpHOTjusEiff, onaiE uGptswrh ghoitb noup- 
ma cipaHBi orb na^aia BisoBx^ oKOBaHsufl JiQjimuwh noicpoBOiTB. 
Mory^ BejaiKaiTB, saRyiaHHiift b-b 6iioe o^i^flHie, onan, BUiflEjBi 
CBOH OJieAeH^Biide ^vlgbu. 

Ha 3api HOTopiH, ;(aieKO Ha K>rb, npooHjBmiilos ^eiOBi^eosit re- 
lit noAHAJTB roxoBj H nooKOTpin Ha seiui). Ob Dra na Hero nax- 
H7X0 TenfloiTB, CB oiBepa— xoioAOiTB. Tor^a h 06a i^^poTBa, — ^i^apoTBO 
BcecoKpymaDmaro sapa h BoeyHH^Tosaiontaro xoioj^a,— ohb sasaiD- 
qHJTB KB npexiuni HeHSBtofHaro. 

Ho Maio-no-ifaiy rpaHHUju HeHSBioTHaro oran .ororynaTB nepe^^ 
BOspacTaninHirB crpeiueHieirB nexoBiqecTBa kx osiTj h enaHiD, h 
HasoHeo^ ohh ocraHOBHjiHCB na cfoepb, 7 cavaro nopora Beimsaro 
lejiflKdkVO Zitkjfimofik npapo^, bt» odjiacTH Bi^naro 6e8ii02Bifl noxop- 
Hiix'B orpavB. lo arot MHHyTu ^ejioBt^ecsift roHift ho Bcipi^an bi 
CBoem no6iAOHOCHOirB mecTBiH hhiuikhx'b HenpeoAOXHioix'B npenflr- 
0TBit H, yonoKoeHHHt, ABHraioa juB^jome. Ho xyrB nepoA^ hhitb bos- 
eraxB BeuEaH^B, Vb oonsi 01 caHHHH orpanrauMH BparaxH shbhh: 
jeAHHmrB xoxoaoitb h aojotod shmhod ho^d. 

Toma sa tojeehod ycTpeiuuuacB kb ciBopy, araniB sattirB, mo6a 
TopuiTB nopasenie sa nopasemeiTB, ho hobko phak 6iuh Boerxa na- 

rOTOBi ABHHyTBCH BHepOA^ H BairbHHTB CBOHXl npOAnieOTBeHHHKOB'B. 

Aojrro He y;^BaiocB ^exoBtRy npoHHsaiB obohitb BsopOMi lyiiavB 
xe^piHoro Kopa. TarB, sa aron saBicot, cRpKBaJtaoB orpana oRseoBi; 
TaM;^ vb HH^nreftifi (i^apcxBo TyiiaHa), bi stoitb icpa^HOM'B i^ap- 

OTBi CarB, RpySHIHCB Vb J^IKOt BOEHCTBeHHOt HJUORt rpOSHilO BO- 
XHSaHH HHOfl. 

SaiiiTB Haei cHosa noTHHyio xy^a. TairB na ctaept, cpexH Mpasa 
H orysH, lesaJTB <rejarefl]rB>, oChtojib MeprBUTB, r^t i^apHxa 60- 
niHH CMepxH. Qsi^Awb se xdah yorpeMifliHCB ly^a, r^t na xorio ah- 



166 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

maTB BH OAHO SREBoe cyn^ecTBo? Xorkjin jib obh BepsyiB cbohx'b 
MepTBeiiOB'b, EaKi repAiOAi>, OTnpaBHBini&cfl sa BaaBAjpoMi? HirB, 
Be sa dTEMi niJiH Ty^a njojiji. Ohh xorbjiH j[^o6utb sflaHie j^ma rpa- 
^lyn^Hxi noEOJiiBifi, h b'b aiofi fijiaropoAfllfimefi 6opB6'& ^ejioBt^ecsaro 
Ayxa (VB npoApascyAKaMH n MpaROH'B BesisecTBa aaiunoqaeTCfl bqs 
MCTopia apKTH^ecKBXi nyremecTBift, ncTopia xaKBxi jD^teft, KOTopHe, 
Be OMOTpfl Ha TO, ^TO Bi Tb BpeHeHa SEMOBRa B'B noiiflpHUX'B erpa- 
Bax^ osHa^ajia bo^th BipEyn cnepTB, Bce laEH yoTpeMJifljiflCB Ty^a, 
Bi> o&iacTB HensB'bcTHaro, (fb pasBepHyTUui SBaveHeu'B B'B pyKax'B. 
HnrAi SHaaie He 6hjio KynjreHO i^tHOi) CTOJIBKHX^ cTpa;^aHifi h jih- 
memfi, ho ^ejiOB'i^^ecRit Ayxx ho ycndsoHTca ao Tixii nopi, noKaHH 
o^Hoft BBAH Be ocTaHeTCfl Henscji'bAOBaHHofi vb arofi o6;iaoTH h noKa 
He 6y;iy'rB pasra^aBu set ea TafiHH. lUarB sa maroMx JlDA^ hoabh- 
raiHCB BnepeAi*, Hanparafl BCJLJmJUii. Ho sapa tojibro en^e saHH- 
Maeica, h nao^ Bce eme oKpyxaeTi yTpeBnaa urjia, h naAi orpoK- 

HHHH nyCTHBHBIUH JipOCTpaHCTBaMH TaMT>, Ha HOJ^IOCt, I^apflTB Bce 
TOTB se MpaK'B. 

HaniH npoABH, AP6BHie BiRBHrH, fiujrH nepBHUH nojiapHUM h nyTe- 
HieoTBeHHHKaiai. FoBoparB, qro hx'b noisAKH B'B jieAaaoe nope ae 
BHftiH SHaieHia, Tasnb uk'b ohh ho ocTaBHu hhkbkhx'b cx^^^okb cbo- 
ero npefiuBaBia laifB. Ho sto ae Kbpao. KaBi GOBpeMeHHue bhto- 
jioBii B'B cBoefi nocToaaaofi 6opB6i oo jihjLowb a OReaaoai, npoKJia- 
jiuBaiorB Aopory aaniHiii ascilAOBaaiaa'B ciaepa, Tasi a Apesaie 
BopBesipi, CB dpBROirB KpacHUM'B, JIefi<j[^poM'B a ;ip. bo oaBi, Ceuih 
iiepeAOBBDia 6opi^aMB acixi nojuapBUXX ascjcbAOBaTejiefi rpaAyaiax'B 
noROJilaift. He cjiijijerb safiBiaaTB, ^o oaa ae tojibko nepBue iiy- 
cTaiHOB vb OKeaaTi, ao Tasse nepaue BCTynajta B'B 6opB6y co xbjifiwh. 
Oaa ropasAO paaBme ;ipyrax'B MopoRax'B Ha^ift p'bmajracii OTAajniTBca 
OT'B CeperoB'B a aa cbohxi cyAax'B npoplsaia bj^oib a nonepeR'B db- 
Bcpaua Mopa, OTRpma FpeajiaBAiD a HcJlaa;^D a sacexaia bth 
cTpaau; nosABie-se OTHpaBaiBCB B'B Aaepaicy a ae 6oaaaoB nepe- 
iTjruBaTB BecB AaTJsaaTH^ecEift oKeaai. aa 0608X1 oTRpuTUX'B cy^axi. 
He aajno TBsejiofl 6opB6H co jiBAava npaxoAaiocB Buaecra bitb y 
(3eperoB'B rpeajraaAia, a vaorie as'B btbx'b xpa6pei](0Bi» cJioaKajiEH lairb 

CBOB rOJIOBH. 

He oj^aa saac^a npflRjrx>qeaifi, xoTa oaa a cocTauaerB ocaoBayi) 
qepry aopBescKaro aapoAaaro xapaRTepa, sjieiua aamaxi npeAKOBi 
B'B 8TB HeasBijiaBBBia oSjtacra; Ba;io 6E110 OTfiiosaTB aOBoe nojie 
AtaTejiBBOGTH ;iJia aaoraxi (iesnoRofiaBixi rojcoBi, kotopbim'b 6iuo 
Ticao BHb Hopaeria. KpoM*! Toro ax'B noGyasAaia Kh dnwb noisAKaicB 
a aaoToamaa asasAS' saaaia. Yse Orrapx, aaxoAaaniiftca npa jsfiojik 
Kopojsa AjiB^pe^a wh Aariia, bx 890 ro^y OTnpaBEJica aa oiBepi, 
noToay ^to, xaai owb cam roBoparB, y aero vh xyinii BOBaasio 
<6o3RecTBeaaoe sejiaaie a cTpemieaie ysaaTB a noBi^aTB fjpjmtb, 
RBRi A&JteRo aa cteepi BCTpiqaeTca seimi a ecTB-aa ^eaosft^eoKie 
ofiHTaTera no Ty OTopoay JieAaaofi nycTszaa^. Orrapi san B'B oa- 



GPEAH HO^H H ILAA. 167 

xoft ciBepHofi ^acTE FeiBrejraHAa, BipoflTHO, b'b BiapROH h npoixaii 
EpjroiTL HopAKana, a Tasace la boctok^ ?,o oaiiaro Bi^jiaro Mopa. 

FapajiL;^ TapApaaj^i, cMHoroonuTHOM^ HopBe»OKoir& Kopojrb», 
A^airB BpeiioHCKifi pasoEasuBaerL, too oh'e» np6AapHHflJiT> ayreme- 
cTBie Ha o^Bopi h cnonpo6oBai'B Ha obobx'b cjAax'B npoHsBeciH Hsojii- 
XOBanie ciBepnaro oxeaHa, ho upaK'B BCTpiTHJiii ero na nopor& no^e- 
8ai)n;aro Mipa h ci BeiHKHU'B TpyAOMi> owb HsStsajiii rnfiejin, no- 
BepHyBi CBOE cy^a HasaA'B^. 

TaiTB 6£urB rnHHynrL — cTpanmaH siflion^afl 6e3;i;Ha na KOHi^t 
Hipa. Kasrb ^ajieKo daixaJiii FapaiB^TB, HensBicTHo HBKOMy, ho bo boh- 
EOiTL ojiyiai ero cjiAyeTi npesnaTB oahehi hs'l nepBux'b noup^ 
EHX'B nyiemecTBeHHHKOB'B, ycrpeMEBmnxcfl na cinep'B ESik oahoS 
TOABRO meoBim sHaniH. CaMo co6ok) pasyirbeTCfl, ito B&b 8th Hop- 

BOSipi He 6UJIE CBO6OAHU 0T1> CyeBipHEIX'B B083piHifl, rocaoACTBO- 
BaBHIHX'L B'B ETh BpeMOHa OTHOCHTOJIBHO HOIflpHUX'B CTpaHl, F^i, HO 

BXi MHiHin, HaxoAHJiECb: rHHHyHn> (3]flK)niafl 6e3AHa), HH^jKBrefiirB 
(Mipi TyMana), Teshreiwb (Mipi) iiepTBMX'B) e npoi. Ho e vb btex'b 

MBOTH^eCKHXl H HOdTE^eCEHX'b npOAGTaBieHiflX'B HopBesiJieB'b 6suo 

sepHO HacToan^aro HafijooAeBiH, xaKi qio nepBuirb nyTemeoTBeHHH- 
HaiTb HejBSfl OTsasaTB wb saMiqaiejiBHo tohkoitb h hohom'b noHSMa* 
HiH OTHomeHifl Ben^ei. 

IIpaBEjaHocTB E TpesBOCTB flxi» B3rjiEA0B'B A0Ra3£iBaeT0fl JEEyqnie 
Bcero HayqHiiui iipoE3BeAeHieM'b Hamefi ApeBHOfi JiETepaTypu, nofl- 
BEBniBMCfl ABa BiKa cnycTHy cKopoJEeBCRHirB 3epRaj[0irB», tjs^ roBO- 
PHtch: 

cKaRi TOJiBRO oCniHpHHE HpooTpaHCTBa 6ypHaro uopfl 6yAyn 
npoflAeBK, vb Hopi noaBJuieTCfi xaRoe rponaAHoe ROiE^eciBO jeba&i 
saRce He BOTpi^aexcfl HsrAi b'b i^oitb Mipi. HtROiopufl ji^hhu' 
TaRi niocRE, RaRi 6yATo ovb oCpasoBaiECB npHno vb oaMOirB Mopi; 
Offfc CHBanTB TOJin^EHon b'b leTupe-nflTB JioRreft h saHHiiaipTb bi^ 
Kopi TaRoe 6ojiBinoe npocTpaHCTBO» ?to sa^acTyx) naAO ixaiB leiiipe 
H 6ojiLme AHeft no JiBAy, npevAO ^wb AOCTErneniB 6epera... Ho ste 
jreAEHUA rjni6ii 6ojrbe paciipocTpaHflK)T'cfl ei> ciBepOBocTORy hxh cir 
Bepy OTL 6epera, HeseiH r'b nry, K>ro-3anaAy hie sanaAy— Oh^^ jlq- 
acaTB EHorAa hotoe ooBepffleHHO HeaoABESEO, pa3Ati[fleMiifl npopy- 
Cemi fliH 6ojiBmEME ^iopAanE, ho EHorAa osb ABHaRyrca Ee MOAxes- 
H'be cy^Ha npE nonyrHOMi Btrpt e qacro ne toxbro ci^ BtxpoMi 
BKiori, HO H npoTEB'B BiTpa». 

TaRifl onHcaHiA aoxshu noRasaTBca en^e 6oxte yAHBETexBHSHE, 
eoxE BcnoMHHTB, RaxiH HaHBSufl noHETUi cyn^ecTBOBaxE B'B li BpeiieHa 

OTHOCHTeXBHO BClX'B EeBiAOMHX'B CTpaVB. 

SatiE'B HacTynEX'B nepepuFB e npomxE Bixa npesAe, ^m oHOBa 
6hib npeAnpEHflTS noisABE bb ciBepEiiE Mopn. TenepB yxe Apyrifl 
Eai^lH, oco6eHHO roxxaHAi^ e aHrxE^aHe, o^yrEXECB BiiepeAE. Tpes- 
Bae BsrxEAU ApeBHEXi sopBeanteBi 6jEixfl 3a6uTs, e iiicTO ex^ sa- 
crynEXH paasHE ({^aHTaoTEiecRifl EAeE. TaR'B RaR'B Ha caMomb xbxk na 



168 PyCCKOE BOFATCTBO. 

oisepi He OKasaJtocB sceyHHTrosaiomaro xojiOAa, to BOSHHKia npoTS- 
BonojioxHafl reopiii, h qpesBuiafiHO crpaHHH HlKOTopufl upexcraBJie- 
HUi, jAepsaBmiflCfl Asuse ;^o chx'b nop^. 3to CTapaa ncxopifl, vro idah 
Bcero 6ojrte HsGiraDTB ecTecTBeHHUX'B 06'bflCHeHili: Easoro Hsfiy^s 
OBJieHifl, H eoiH He HaxoAffTB cpeAHaro nyTH, to iipEfiiranTB ki ca- 
10011 ;^[KHirB rHnoxesaiTB. Tojibso TaRHirb ofipasoH'B h Horia boshes- 
HyxB H jAepsaTLCfl Bipa bb cymecTBOBanie OTspuTaro noiapHaro Mopa; 
He CMOTpfl Ha TO, ^TO jnoAH BCDAy HaTajouBBajiBCB Ha Jie^^i npexnoia- 
raxocB, qTO 9T0 Mope naxoAHTCfl ^ajri^e, sa jtb^ohi. 

dra B^pa vb 0B0($0AHufi otb jnE>Aa npoxoAi na ciBepo-BooroK'B e 
oftBepo-sanaA'B, Be^ynpfi K'b 6oraTCTBairB KHxafl h Ehaie, cyn^edTBo- 
BaBmaa vh Konqi XV CTOjrliiH, CHOBa BospoAEJiacB, ne dcorpfl na 
B(A nopaaceHifl, KoropsH TepntjiH imjifi. TaRi KaEi bi Coiie dshbexi 
rnHporaxi nyrB nperpasAa^ca jobaomi, to npoAHOJiarajEocB, ^to cbo- 
6oAHoe Hope naxoAETCH jifi^Ae ki ciBepy h, HasoHei^, cran nsiTaTBGH 
HaiTE npoxoA'B qepesi caHufi nojuiocB. 

RaK'B HE HejiinH 6uj[e B&k bth xeopis, ho BCOTaRE owb nooiy- 
Xflifl Ro 6j[ary ^exoBi^ecTBa, TaR'B EaRi bi SHa^ETeJiBHOft CToneHE 
paomnpEJiE Hams nosHaniH seMJi'b; h3t> btofo cji^ydrB, tto HERaRoft 
Tpy^B vb jijiJLi HBoiiAOBaHiH He nponaxaen A^poMi, A^se eciE ohb 
HoxoAETi nwb jioacHUX'B npeACTasjueHifi. AHrxifl cboehi aoiosemeirB 
iioryni(ecTBeHHi£inefi MopcRofi naii^E vb He;iajiofi oreneHH o6ii3aEa 
EMOHHO BToro po^a XEMepaiTB. 

PasHUKE onocofiaiiE EpassuME nyTHME npofiosaiE jooah npoHER- 
HyTB B'B DTO i^apcTBO cHopTE. Cna^ajia ohe OTnpaBJiflJiHCB no BOAi. 
CyAa fiuJEE Tor^a coBepmeHHO HenpEcaocofiieHH ri 6opB6icoji[BAOHi^ 
H nosTOHy Ha hex^ oTnpaBJUHiECB BOCBMa HeoxoTHO. ^BHiH HopBes- 
'oRifl cyAa, TOJicrsifl aoore RoropsrB HsroTOBJifljracB esx cocHOBaro e 
exoBaro licia e yRjaAHsajiECB na noAo6ie RpuniE, 6£ijie otoib se 
uajio i],&iecoo6pa8Hu, RaRi e najieHBRiH neyRjiDxiH RapaBejriB nep- 
BETX'B rouaHACRDX'B E aHmftcREX'B HopeHJiaBaTeiiet. Ho jdae, xajio- 
no-Maiy, nay^HjiflCB Jiyinie cTposTB cboe cy^a s cTajni Bce CMixto 
HycRaTBCfl B'b onacHoe nJEEaBanie cpe^H JieAEHiix'B vnut-h. 

MesAy TiiTB HORyjiBTypHBie ciBepHHe napoAH, shtojie oeOepcrexi 
TyHApi E aMepERaHCRie bcremocut, eme saAoiro ao na^ajira nojiflpHim 
nyrenrecTBifi B3o6ptj[E 6ojrle Btpnui cnocoSi orpaHOTBOBaEifl no 
ja>jifi;Mi>: to 6ujie canE, B'B ROTopua 6ojiBineK) ^acTiH) sanparajEGB 00- 
6aRE: TaRofi 000006% nyremecTBifl BnepBue Ckjtb npEMtneH^ B'B Ge- 
6flpE A^E uoJiflpHiixi E3CJ['bA0BaHift. y»e bi XYII e XYUI B^Ri 
pyccRie npeAnpflHHMaj[E 6ojiBinifl nyxemecTBifl na caHEXT* e cHEEaiH 
RapTH CEOEpcREXi 6eperoB'B OTB rpaHE]];^ EBponu ao BepEETOBa npo- 
juiBa. Ho OHH nyTemecTBOBaJin ne tojbro baojub 6eperoBi», a ornpaB- 
ujECB da^acryiD As^Bme no njEOByqnM'B iBAaMi, bhiotb ao Hobo- 
oe6bpcrhx'b ocTpoBOBi, A^^e en^e ctBepnte, e bpeaib u fa^ HH6yAB 
BiAPyroM'B Micrb nyTemecTBeHHERavB npEXOAEJiocB bhsocetb otoibko 
OTpaAaniS e npoEBETB ctojibro buhocjibbocte. AnrJiE^aHe xaRse ao- 



CPBAH HO^H H Jlhjl,k. 169 

BOJiBHo paHO orajiH npHfiiraiB ri TaRoicy cnocody jxyTemeoTBiJi B'l 
flojupHiirB JiBAaxb AMepeKH. Ohh ynorpefijEEUH caHSH ejih hh/^S- 
ii[eBi», HJiH BCRflMocoB'B. 8th nyremecTBifl aoothfjih HaH6ojiBinaro pasBn- 
Tifl noA'B pyROBO;iCTfiOMi Masi RjiHHTOKa. 

B'B npOTHBOnOJIOSHOOTB pyCCKHHl, KOTOpue OTnpaBJUIJIHCL 06£IEH0- 

seHHO BT» nyxeiiieoTBie CB 6oj[BmHin> kojihioctboh's co6aB'i>Hi[eHBmH]rB 
AOJTHiecTBOU'B JiD^iefi, aHFJiHiaHe 6paj[H oi co6oe) MOHBine co6aR'B, ho 
TopaB^^o (SoiBme jidaoS, TaR^ ^ocasn nopoD npHxoAUOCB BesTEO)- 
j^flifB. Oahbro, HiROTopue anrjiificRie nyTemecTBeEHHRH, HaiipHirbp*B, 

MaR'B-RjIHHTOR'B, TaRSe nOJIBdOBajIHCB CoiBDIHirB ROJIHieCTBOlTB cofiaRi. 

Bo BpeMfl BHaMeHBTofi dRcne^Hi^E MapRFBMa, OTupaBHsmarocfl bb'b 
(iyxTH, r;^ sHMOBajio cy^Ho c Alert >, 33?eJiOBiRa ;i;ojish£i fiiun BeaxR 
<$aHH, He oKOTpH Ha to, hto Ha cyAHi 6ujro He icaio Go69xrb; mi> btofo, 
nosaiyfi, uosho bubocth saRjimenie, ^to co6aRH Tor^a ho ojiHinRoirB 
sucoRO qtmuECB, RaR'B pa(So?aa CHia. AMepHRaneqi IIhph, o^HaRO, h3- 
-Opaii coBepmeHHo Apyroft cnooo6'B h bo Bpeua OBoero nyTemecTBia 
HO rpeH:iaH;nH bsajtb ci co6oS RaRi» moxho CojEBme co6aRi> h RaR'B 
VOSHO MeHBHie iDAefi. 

A, Hnpo^eMi), en^e ao CBoero nyTemecTBiH fb FpoHiaHAix) ne comh'&- 

BaJEOfl BX OrpOMHOft HOJIBSt, ROTOpyD HpHHOGflTB C06aRH HpH HOiSARaX'B 

Wb caHflX'B, H ecjiH He bbah ctl co6ox) Tor^a oodaRi, to raniB hotomj, 
qTO coBciM^ He nameji'B poahhx'b j^a. aiofl is^n. 

Tperift cnocofii nyxeinecTBiH b'b apRTH^ecRol o&iacTH ABOHRift: b'b 
joARi H Ha caHflX'B OAHOBpeneHHO. B'B ApoBHHX'B HOpBescRHX'B oarax'B 
H B'B ^cKopojieBCROMi 3epRajrt> pascRasBisaeTCfl, ^to HopBOsiviM'B opH- 
TOAHJTOOB tb^htb cboh 20ARH HO sbjij ^opes^ TpoHJiaHACRoe Mope, 
'qTo6u cnacTHOB h AocTHrnyrB somih. IlepBuft, BOononsoBaBmiftcfl 
BTHiTB cMtmaHHUifti cDOcofioiTB nyTemecTBifl, Skjtb nappH, ocTaBBBmift, 

BO BpeMfl CBOefi SHaHeHHTOft nOHHTRH AOCTHTHyTB HOJUOCa, CBOe cyAHO 

B'B 1827 roAy H OTnpaBHBiniHCfl no njioByqHK'B uAaHi na dBep'B, 

BaZBaTHB'B CB C060K) JIOARH, ROTOpUfl BOB'B Ha CaHflXl. Oh'b Ao6paiGfl 

;^o 82^45', — Hero paHBme hhrto ho AooTnrajiB, — ho TyrB Te^eme 

OTaiO OTHOCHTB OPO R'B lOry, H OHB AO^SOHB dUJTB BOpHyTBOfl. 

nosAHte, BHpo^eH'B, Ri» TaROMy cnoco6y noiflpHiix'B nyremecTBitt npn- 
ftbrajiH yise ne TaR'B ^acTo, xota MapRreiTB xaRse Besi* cb co6ox) na 
<caHflx% JiOARy. Mflorifl Apyrifl SRcneAHipH aojishh 6wir noHeBOJi'6 
npHfiirnyiB R'B TaROHy cnooo6y nepeABflsenifl, nooii Toro RaR'B ohh 
^CTaBHjni cyAHo h saTepflJiHCB bo jibabx'b. B'b btom'b OTHomeHiH sa- 
cjiysHBaiOTB ynoHHHaHifl B'B ocoSenHocTH aBCTpoBenrepcRafl SRone- 
i^ Terexrro^a bi> Seiux) $paHi][a-IocH$a h neoqaoTHafl aMepHRan- 
«Rafl BRcneAHiqfl SaHHeTTu. 

HflRovy Barb nojispHuxi Hsoji'&AOBaTejieft He npHoiJEEO vb roiOBy 
Bocnoj[B30BaTBCfl yRasanieM'B bcrhhocob'b, bocth xaROft se otipasi 
;XH3HH, RaR'B H OHB, H BH^CTO Tflacejnjx'B jiOAOR'B 6paTB (TB co6oi> Jier- 
Rie RaflRH, saiipflseHHBie co6aRaiiH. HHRorAa en^e ne 6iuio CAi^Aano 
laRofi nonuTRH. 



170 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

IlyTH, KOTOpUMK npo60BaSH npOHHEHyTB paSHKMH CaOC06aHH Kly 

nojiiooy, 6hijLE naBHumb o6pa80M'£: CHHrb-SyHA'B, Mope uesjiy PpeH- 
jiaHAiefi H IIInHi^6epreH0]n>, nope y deuJLE $paEii,a-IocE4)a h BepHH* 
roBi) npoJiEBTi. 

Boero ^ian^e bi nocji'bAHee BpeMfl OTapaBiajiiicB ^epos's Cmhtii- 
SyHjii, naBHUiTB oSpasoMi BOiiACTfiie Toro, ^to aMepHKaHCRie nyie- 
mecTBeHHEEH ^epesir^yp'b nocntniHO 06'LflBEiE, ^to Tanii ose Ha- 
lUJEEH oTKpiiToe EOJiflpsoe uope, ASUI6K0 pacnpocTpaEflK)n^eecfl e'b db- 
Bepy. Bcb BEoneAHi^is, OAsaKo, 6uj[fl saAepsaEu rpoMajtHUHE jeAfl- 
HiiMH MaccauE, j^HraDii^iiuECfl El lory, e 6ujniL npEHcaiu hee ss 
6eperaH'B. BasstfiffleD esx ascaeAEi^ift, orapaBEBniExcE no dTOuy 
nyrflf, Cttia aErjriftcEaa 9KC^e;^B^ia 1875 — 76 ro;^a doat* pyKOBOA- 
CTBoiTL Hapeca, cxoEBmafl 6QJLhmETh AeserL. CEyTEESi Hapeca, saim- 
Tasi» MapEFBHi AOCTiirb EenpeBsofiAOEEofi Aorojut mflpoTu^ a EMeEsa 
83^ 20^ Eo 8T0 CTOEJEO rpoMaAEUxi> ycEjift e JiEineEiS, e Hapec^ cto- 
TajTx, qxo seBDSMossocTB j^ocTflrsyTB ciBepsaro nomoa viBWb nyrcMi^ 
OROfl^arejrBEO AOEasasa. Bo BpeMfl npe6uBaEiE BEcneAEniE FpBjifl b'l 
BTEXT. Kpaflii BT» 1881—84 rr. JIoKBy;^'B ;^o6pajiica ao83° 24'— bho- 
mift nysETB, Koroparo EocsyjiacB Eora ^eiostsa Ea seMEOEi mapi 
AO noGJuiAHeft 8Ecaei{E]](iE, soTopoft nocBflni^aeTCfl era sEEra. 

Bi Mopflxi, OMHBaDE^EX'L Gopera FpeEJiaE^E e Blnai^fiepreEa^ 
Be pasi* A^iiaiECB nonuiEE npoEEEEyiB TaftEy jieAflsoro ii;apcTBa. 
Baoib BOCToqEaro 6epera FpeEJiaEAiE FeEpE ryAcosi en^e bi. 1607 r. 
nonpo6oBaj['B AOCTErEyrB nojuDca, vjjjb owb saA'bflicfl EaflxE OTEpuroe 
Mope E npoGpaTBCfl ^epes'B Eero k^l Dry. Ho yase noAi> 73^ c. m. 
os7» flaTRflyjicfl Ea npenflTCTBin y oaeofo nyEETa sa 6epery, soTopuK 
6hLjn> EasBaEB Ein» tHold with Hope». HeMiiitEafl aRcaeAEipfl, eoa'b 
pyKOBOACTBOiTB KojiBA©Bea, (1869 — 70), T0»e nooiTEBmaa bth Micra, 
AOOTcna npfl noiion^E easeft 77^ o^Bepsofl mEpoTu. Beai ooHBisia 
dTO caMoe EeyAo6soe MtcTo aisl luaBaEifi r'b c^Bepy, TaEi RaRi no- 
iflpfloe le^esie baoib bteii 6eperoBi fosetb rpoEaAEua MaccBi iBAa 
E-L H)ry. Jly^me nyxB otb IIIaBi^Oeprefla, flcnpo6oBaEEUft FyAcoEoirB 
nocjii Toro, RaEii bi TpoEJiaEAifl oe-l 6ujpb 'saAopsaEi jbAomb; Ea 
8T0TB past OB-B AOCTEPB 80° 23' c. ffl. BcitAOTBie Tenjraro Te^esifl, 
BAyiU&ro no sanaAEOMy 6epery IIInEi^fiepreEa ei cteepy, nope vh 
8TEXI irbcraxi duBaerb cbo6oaso oto jibaa- Bb axoiTB ir&CT'b, 6e3^ 
coMHtHifl, EoacBO Bcero ler'ie AOCTErHyif* BHcmEXT. mEpoTB s noaxony 
TO BB 1827 roAy BABapAB IlappB CAtiajiB oiCDAa ESBtcTfiyi) no- 
nuTKy npo6paTBCfl eb clsepy. 

^aiie RB BocTOEy yoAOBiE Hesie GiaronpiflfEM, e o^esB flOMsoro 
noJupEBixB 8EcneAfln;ifl OTnpaBJurjiECB no 8T0My nyin. ABCTpo-Besrep- 
csaa 8EcneAEn;ia Befinpexxa e IlaftepaBB 1872 — 74 roAy nocraBEJia 
ce6i CBa^aia njfahM^ OTBccEaTB c^Bepo-BocTOiEufi npoxoAB^ eo, noBcxpi- 
^aBDiECB CO JiBAOMB y ciBepEoft OEOEe^EocxE HoBofi SeEJLE, noBepsyjia 
KB ciBepy E oxEpHua Somjie) ^pasi^a-IocE^a, oxEyAa IlafiepB nonpo- 
fioBaJHB npoOpaxBCfl eb oiBepy bb oaEEXB e aocxefb 82° 5 ' c. m. Ea 



CPBJ^H HO^H H JtBAA. 17 1 

ocTpoBl, ROTOptifi OHi> Hassajt'B SeMJieD KpoHnpHHi];a Pyji;oj[B$a. Evy 
noKaaajioci), ^to kx ciBepy orryfla JieanTB fioitmaa seMja h owl no- 
ir&oTBJix ee la Kap'rt npH6j[H3HTejiiBHHO noAi> 83^ h HasBaji'L 3eM- 
JieiD neiepMaHHa. IIoBAHte, B^ 1880— -81 h 82 r. Senrjno $paHn;a- 
IocH4[)a sBa pa3a nociTiiJi'B aHriB'^aHaHx J[eH'B-CaiHTTi^'*H bt> nacxo- 
fiiqee Bpeua TavB npeGuBaeTB aftnifiCRafl sKcneABi^fl Jl^eKCOHa- 
TapMcyopaca. JtaxcKaa BKcneijHBtia no;^^ pyKOBoncTBOMi ToBraap^a bi 
1883 ro;iy cocraBHjia naaFB npofipaiBca ki ciBepHOMy nojiiocy ^epesi 
Muc^ "?ejK)CKHH'B, B^ojiB BocTO^Haro 6epera cymH, KOTopaa, no npeji- 
noioseniH) FoBraap^a, j^oitkeq, JiesaTB etl BOcioEy otb Somjuh $paHi];a- 
loGH^a. Ho Bi KapcKOMi HOp*]^ HX'B saiepjo jbaom'b, 9EcneAHii;ia raiTB 
nepesBMOBaia h BepayiacB HasaifB. 

Hepesii BepHHroB^ npojiHBx 6ujio c^'^JiaHO Heunoro nonuTOR'B npo- 
6paTBCH El ciBepy. IlepBOH) bs'b hhx'b 6BiJ[a SKcneAHi^ia Kyna b'b 
1776 roAy, ^0CJrt;^Baa — BKcneAHnia JKaHnerBH bi 1879—81 r. hoa'b 
pyKOBOAGTBOiTB JlfiJLOEray jeftxeHaHTa aMepERancRaro <j[^jiOTa. Bpa;^ 
nvjsfkjui6o B^ 6ojr6e nsHuxi rnHporaxi noJiapHBre HSCJiiAOBaTejiH Ha- 
TUBaiTBCB Ha TaRia »e nenpeoAOitHMua npenaTCTBia, npejtOTaBJifteicrM 
JtBi^oiCB; rJ^M^B He iceHie nocjii^AHaa hbi HasBaHHUX'B dRcne^Hi^lfi HMiia 
ji.iB Hoero nyTomecTBia orpoMHoe sHa^eaie. KaRi cairB Jl^ejionrB 
roBopHjB B% cBoeifB nncBMt Ri TopAOHy BeHHeTry, ycTpoHTejM) 
BKcneAHKia, npaxoAHJOCB BB[6HpaTB oahhii bs'b rpexT* nyTefi: Gmhtb- 
3yH;n>, BocTO^HjBii 6eperB FpeHJiaHAiH a BepaHroB^ npojiHBT>. J(e- 
jroHPB HacTaHBajTB Ha noGS^jSMewb, ROTopuft a 6HjrB npaaaTB. Fub- 
HUHi OGHOBaflierB b'b nojiBBy SToro nocjtyxajro anoaoRoe Teqeaie, 
ROTopoe, KaRi npeAnojEarajHH) aanpaBJiaJiocB ri* ciaepy ^epe3^ BepaH- 
roB^ npojiHBX a A&^'^e bj,oj[b Bocro^naro 6epera SeiuB Bpaareia, 
BHTflHyBmefica, Aynajia, ^i^ajieRo ki* ciaepy. YTBepacAaja, ^ito TenJiaa 
Bo^a BToro TeHeaJfl ;^ojisaa npojiosaTB Aopory bj^ojb 6eperoBi, Cbttb 
voserB, npano kl nojrK)cy. Khtoiobu aa oniiri yAOcroBipajiHCB, ^to 
BeaRift pasi, Ror^a ax'B cy^a duaajiB saiepTH JiB;^aMH B'B btoitb Kr&cri, 
TO Hx% jiBBraJTo R'B cisopy. Hsi 8Toro cJit;^oBajio BBiaecTa saRjiiD^eHie, 
^To Teqeaie Boofin^e airterB xaRoe nanpaajieHie. cHscjrbAOBaTeJia 
tfom 6uf, noiB3yacB BTaMi Teqeaieai, AOCTarayrB bhcorhx'b mapoTB, 
DO HO 8Toft »e npa^aai xpyAaocTH oSpaxaaro nyra jifinxwa en^e 
(SojiBme yBej[HqHTBca>, roaopajii JifinoEVb, a eny caHoHy npamjiocB 
Ha ce6i npaoRopdauiTB o6pa3oui ^ORasaxB cnpaaej^iBBocTB 8thxx 
CJOBi. SCaHHeTTa 6iiJia saxepTa bo jn^^axi 6-ro CenraSpa 1879 ro^a 
uoxh 71 • 35' c. m. a 175° 6' BOCTOWoft AOJiroxH, R^iory otb SeiiiH 
Bpaareia, — oRaaaBmettca iiajDeHBRau'B ooxpoBOirB, — a noABaraiaoB 
leveaieirB BMicxI co shjifiu-h ri sanaAO-ciBepo-aanaAy vb npo^oji- 
sohIh jlByxi JrtxB, noRa, HaRoaei^'B, ne yxonyjia 12-ro Idhh 1881 ro^a 
R'B oiaepy orb HoBOcaSapcRax'B ocxpoBOB-B, no;^^ 77® 15' o. m. h 
154° 59' BocxoHHoi ;^OJ[^oxH. 

TaRHMi o6pa30irB BCDAy JL&Kh npenaxcxBOBaii niojffiwh hoabb-. 
raxBca Bnepe^i^ aa ciBepx, h xoabro bi AByxi ciy^aaxx BaxepTua 



172 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

jEB^aMH c7JD[a 6u3a jHeceHH Te^enieifB vh ctBepHOir& HanpasjieHiH. 
8to cJiy^HiocB CB TereTrro^oiTB h 9^aHHeTro8, uesA7 rbm xas'B 
tiojcbinHHCTBO j^pyrexx cjji,ob% 6ujio jHeceHO ABHrann^HMHCfl si nry 
jie;M3[HUMH HaccaME ^ajieKo otb nepBOHaqaiBHot i^ijiH. 

Esyqafl HCTopiD apsTE^eoKHxi nTremecTBift, a cb caHaro Haiaia 
npHmejn r'b saiuio'iieHiK), ^to Tpy^Ho 6y;ierB ho HcnpofiOBaHHOfi yxe 

AOpOrb H BCnpoSoBaHHUBTB CnOGoOoiTB BBrpBaTB Tafiay HeBBBtCTHUTB 

eme jificeA Jie^sim o6iacT6ft. Ho rji^ se JnesHTi Aopora? 



O06HB10 1884 r. a. cjiy^afiHo npo^en vb HopBoscRofi raserl 
«Morgenbladet» oraiBB) npo^ecoopa MoHa, vb soiopofl offB co- 
o6iE(ajri, ^0 Ha nro-sanai^HOirB 6epery FpeHjaHAiH 6uih saHt^ieHH 
H^ROTopue npeAMeTH, no Bcefi BipoflTHOCTH npEHaAJiesaBinie norsG- 
meuy Ropa6jii) JKaHHOTrt. Mofb AonycRai'b, ^ro 9th npoAMeTU 6hjis 
saHeceHBi Ty;^a, iep63^ nojiffpsoe Mope, na JieAflHOt rauO'L Y MOHfl 
TOTqaiTB flBHJiacB uHcn, Tto HveHHo TyrB H jesHTB HCBOHafl Aopora. 
£ciH*jieAaHa& rJiu6a Morjia coBepniHTB dtotb nyTB qepesnb HOHSBicT- 
nyx) ofijiacTB, to, SHaiori, uosho 6ujio BOCHOJiBSOBaTBCfl OTEifb TO^e- 
Hiesfi H ;^[H i^efl EscjAjiOBaHifl. IIxaH'B 61121 fotobi. O^naRO, npo- 
nrio BooTaRH HioROJTBRO jitTB npesAO, ^ivTB H H3Ji[0XHJrB ero FB cbo- 
eiTB AORiaxt reorpa^H^ecROtfy oSn^eoTBy vb XpHoriaaiH, no cbooitb 
BoaBpan^eHiH hsi rpeffi[aHAiE bi <|ieBpa2r& 1890 ro^a. TaRiRaRi Hoft 
AORiaA'B HipajTB 6oj[BniyK) poiB bi* scTopiH HUHifflseS aRcneAHmiHf 
TO fl H HpHBOAy SA^CB FJiaBHMniie nyHRTH, RaR'B ohe 6huaL Haneia- 
TaHBT Bi MapTOBCROiTB HOHepfe HopBosoRaro sypHaia «Naturen» wb 
1891 rofly. 

Hbaoshbi BRpaToi HCTopiK) ; pasjraqHsx'B JnpeAinecTBOBaBniHXx 
HOJKflpsHrb BRcneAHi^t, fl HHcan: 

«B[a ooHOBafliH Boero, ^rro mhoio 6uj[0 hsiosoho sj^cb, pesyjiB- 
TarB MHorQiiHOjieHiiux'B noafiiTOR'B hosotb noRasaTBOfl ^sbcROJiBRo ne- 
yrtniHTejiBHiiirB. Hsb Bcero oToro, noBHAflMOtfy, oitAyerB, ?to HHRa- 
RHMH nyrflHH HeiBSH AOHJniTB Ao HOJTOca. Bea^t jioa^ 6wL'b neiipe- 
OAOJEHMUBTB HpenflTCTBieiTB, BaAepsHBaBniHiCB A&iBHtSinee ABHseme, 
RaRB padB y nopora HeHSBiA&HSBix'B OTpasB. Tan^HTS ;;IOarh ^epesi 
BTH HepoBHUfl HJcaBy^ifl nu6u jiB^a, HaxoAflmiflOfl npHTOifB bb no- 

CTOflHEOlTB ABHSOEiE HOA^ BJIlflEieiTB Te^OHifl E Bi^Tpa, EpeAGTaBIflJO 

rpoHaAHBUi saTpyASOHifl. JIoa'b B03ABEraeTB na nyrs TaRin 'npenflT- 

OTBifl, ?T0 RaXAUft OHUTEHH qeiOB^R'B'AOJItSeHB EpESSaTB HOITE HO- 
BOSMOSBUlfB CB HEHE OnpaBETBCfl, EpE TOUl ROIE^eCTBt UpOBiaSTa E 

6arasa, KaRoe Heo6xoAEHO j^jlsl TaRoro npeAHpiHTisi. 

A nojiaraffB, hto yAo6ff6e 6KU0 6w eate no TBop^ofi seiuA, 
Tor^a vu MorjE 6h npE noMon^E eopboxcrexb jiEiarB AOCTETHyTB no- 
jTDca B-B OAEo JiiTo. Ho TaRaa seEJtfl Eaan* . HeESB-bcxHa. FpoHJiaHAifl, 
no MOBHy MEiHiK), npocTEpaoTCfl He meofo jsMie cauaro cteepaaro 
nyHRTat ESBtcrnaro jidaaitb sa ea sanaAHOiTB" 6epery. «^to Somia 



.CPEAH HOHH H JIB^A.. 173 

$paHi^a looH^^a aoxoahtb jss> nojoooa, aro iiajio BlpoflTHo. HacROJCbSo 
Haul hsbIctho, oHa o6pa3yerB rpynny oorpoBOBi, iiesAy KOTopmoi 
HaxoASTCfl rjy6oKie npojrHBu (syHjgai), h spflAi ih xawb mosho Bcrpir- 
TiTTB 6ojiBiny8) GiuoinHyK) uaccy 8eiijiH». 

cMHorie HaxoAflTi, Koserb 6ktb, HySHUM'b noAOSsaxB ci Hscii- 
AoBanieiTB TaKHXi HOAOOTyaHiix'B obiacTefi, Kas^ nojiflpHua cTpaHu, 
Xo Tixi nopB, noKa se tjfljrb ESoCplTeHU fiasie HH6yAB hobuo cno- 
QoChL nepoABBseHifl. Jdsi npninxocB oifinnaTB, qio Bi oabhi npe- 
KpaoHuS jieflB MOSHO 6jAQTb oTnpaBBTBCfl vb nojuooy Ha BosAym- 
HOM'B map-b; jsp HacryHJieHifl se aioro ahh Bct nonuTEH npodpaTBca 
isjb nowcy 6yAyrB 6e3njK0AHii. He^ero h roBopHTB, qro bth pascys- 
Aealfl He BBiA^psHBaDTB kphthkh. ^ase ecjiH AonycTHXB, qro paHO 
hjih no8;(Ho HAea nyremecTBifl ri nojiDcy Ha BOSAyniHOM'B mapi, 
CTOJiB ^acTO BucKasuBaeMaa, GyjcerB, HaKOHeA'B, npHBe^eHa bi hohoji- 
Heflie, Bce se noAo6Hoe HyTemecTBie, Kasi 611I oho hh 6uio HHie- 

peCHO B'B HSBtCTHOlTb OTHOHieHiH, JlfiJLem HO AOCTaBHTB XaEHX'B Ha- 

yHHuxi pesyjBTaroB'B, xaKie Moryxi 6utb ;io6utu SKcneAHiUAMH, 
opraHBdOBaHHUMH no ciioco6y, yEasaHHoiiy naMH. Eoi'be hjih iieHle 
SHa^HTejiBHHe nay^HHe pesyjiBTaTu B'B padJiHqnux'B HanpaBJteHiax'B 
MorjTB 6uTB AOCTBrnyTU jiHniB nocpeACXBouB hoctoahbuxx Ha6jiDAe- 
Hifi bo BpeMfl npoAOJEESHTOJiBHaro npe6KBaBifl B'B bthx'b o6jiacTflxi, 
mesAy TkM'b RaK'B Bci HagjiinAeHUi, Dpon3BeA6HHiifl BOBpeMS SKcne* 
AHiiiH Ha BosAyniHOMi mapi, aojishu no HeofixoAHnocTH hm^tb nonepx- 
HocTHBiA xapaRiep'B. 

«Mu AOJisHU, ejilAOBaTejiBHO, nonpo6oBaTB, h^tb jih Apyrnx'B nyiet, 
H fl AyMan, ^To ohh eciB. SI Ayuai), ^to ecjiH hu npHHeui) bo bhh- 
Manie chjih npnpoAU h noupcfiyeii'B A'^ficTBOBaTB saoAHO crb hhmh, 
a He npoTHBB bhx'b, to mu scero cEop'be h ler^e nalAeMx Aopory 
K'b cbBepnoHy nojiiocy. Besnojieano npoOoBaiB hath npoTHBi) Te?eHUi| 
KaRii 8T0 j(±JLMii Boi npeAmecTBaBmifl 8Rc^eAHI^H; naAO noHCKaxB 
Te^eHifl, CB ROTOpuM'B 611I UH vopjin ;itficiBOBaTB saoAHO. dRcneAH- 
ilifl SSaHHeTTU, no MOeMy HH'bHiio, tojibko oAHa h naxoABJiacB na 

HCTHBHOfl AOpOT']^, XOTfl H OpOTHBl CBCefi BOilH H CBOerO BtAinifl. 

«2£aHHeTTa i^'kruxi ABa roAa ABBrajiacB bo jiBAy orb Somjih BpaH- 
rejifl Ao HoBO-cH6HpcRHX'B ocTpoBOBi. Tpn roAa cnycTfl, nocjit oroh- 
^aTejiBHOi rH6ej[H oyAna, naBAeBBi Cbijih, no my cmopony nojvioca, 
Ha BJiaBy^efi JiBAHHt, |;b6j[B8H K)jiiaHraa6a, na X)ro-'8anaAHOH'B 6e- 
pery FpenjiaBAiB, niROTopue npeAueiu, HecoMHlHHo npHHaAJiesaBmie 
jTOHyBmeMy cyAHy h saMepamie bo jiBAy. 

fB'B qHci'b arnxi npeAueTOBi), Ba^A^HBUx'B acEBuocaMH h nosA- 
wke co6paHHUX'B bi K)jiiiaHFaa6'b ABpesTopoirB rojohIh JlHTiiteHOH'B, 
nouicTHBmBH'B HXi CHHCOR'B B'B reorpa<j[^BqecROM'B sypnaii^ (1885X 

HaXOAHJIHCB CJltAyDHlifl BOn^H: 1) npoBiaHTCRiS CHHCOR'B cb C06GTBeH- 

HopyqHOD noABHCBD ^ejnonra, na^ajuBBHRa 8RcneAH^iH; 2) pocnHOB 
cyAHa <2KaHHeTTU»; 3) napa HeDpoHORaeMuxii naHTaiOHi ci irbT- 
ROD <JlyABHrB Hopomii — hmh oahofo h8'b naTpocoBi SKaHHerrii, 



174 pyCCKOEBOrATCTBO. 

ROTopEifi 6ajn> cnaceH'L; 4) KosiipoRi ^ypasRH, Ha kotopoitl no no- 
sasaHuiBrB Jlnii^eHa 6ujio jianHcaHO <F. E. Liademann>, Hha oahofo 
H8I1 cnaceHHUXTi h31 asnna ^SaHflerra 6wlo <F. E. Nindeinann>« 
BipoflTHo, HTO CD^a BKpajnacb oaeqaxRa hah se 9to 6Hjia omHGEa 
oaMoro JlHTi^ena. 

. <Bi> AMepHKl OTHOCJiHCb 0^6 HB csenTHqecRH Ri> HaBtcTiK) oS-b axoft 
HaxoAKi, H B'B aiiepHKafiCEHXi> raserax'b 6ujiu jifijRQ BucRasaau no- 
j^ospimH Hac^eTB hoajihehocxh HafiAeHHUX'L Ben^efi. Ho npHseAOHEKe 

$aKTH BpflA'BJlHAOIiyOKaiDrB COMHtaie H MOSHO CqHTaiB AOKaSaHHU^IXj 

v£o JieAflHafl rjiii6a, cb saiuiiDieHHUHH B'B nefi npe;^M eiauH ci norH6niaro 
GjAHa, 6iua OTHecena cb Toro mtcra, r^t aorH6jia 3LaHHeTTa, Kb 
leojiiaHraafiy. ' 

cEaKHMi ace oyTeirb AOcxBrjia aia Jie^flfiafl rjm6a sanaAHaro 6e- 
pera TpeHjiaBAiH? npo^eccopii Moh-b jase bi HoaGpt 1884 ro^a ao- 
KasiiBajiii, ^0 8Ta jiBAHHa ne iiorjia nonacrb xjAa HHa^e, KaK'B ^lepeaii 

nOJUDCB *). 

<jIeAaHafl rjui6a He Morjia vb AaHHOHi) cAjitA npotiTH ^epesii 
CMHTL-SyHJTB, TaRi EaKi TeqeHie oirjAa HanpaBjaexcH ki* saaaAHoA 
?acTH Ba^^HHOsa saiHsa. Ecjih 6ii 8to Gojlo xaK'B, to ee noHecio 
6u Kb Ba^^HHOBoft seifjii hu ki JIaSpaAopy, a He kb saaaAHony 
6epery FpenjiaHAiH. Teqeme y axoro 6epera HAerB bi ctBepnoiTB 
HaitpaBJteHiH h cocTasJifleTB npoAOiiseHie rpenjiaHACKaro noiapHaro 
Teqeaifl, soropoe haotb baohb Bocxoinaro (Sepera TpeHJiaHAiH, orn- 
6a6TB Muci $apyajLiB h noAHHHaeicfl baoib sauaAHaro 6epera. 

«Ho BonpocTB xenepB 3asj[K)qaeTCfl bi tomi, no KaROMy nyxn riufia 
npomjua, ^lofiii oxi Hobo-ch6hpcrhx'b ooxpoBOBi nonacxB ei booto^- 
HOiry 6epery TpenjiaHAiB? 

«HaA0 nojEEaraxB, ^ixo axa raufia nanpaBHJiacB baojtb ciBepHux'B 
6eperoBi> Ch6hph, saxiMi Riiory oCornyjia Seiui) ^pani^a-IocH^a h 
npomjia qepeai* synA'B MesAy dxox) seMJieK) h inaHQ;6epreH0in>, bih se 
ee noxan^Hio E'b Dry BOEpyrB arott somjih h nocAi axoro ona no- 
najia B'B nojiflpHoe xe^eme, Eoxopoe h yBJieEJio ee bbhs^ ei Fpeu- 
jiaHAiH. Ho ecAH mi o6cyAHirB ycxoBia xe^eRifl B'B bxhx'b cxpanax'B, 

HaCROJIBRO OHH HaMli H3B'lcXfiU B'B HacTOHDiee BpeVfly TO npHAeiTB 



*) IIoBAH^ AHpeBTopi BOSOHiH JlHTi^eHi BUcxaiuuEoa B'B Tom se xyx'b, 
ecjiH TOJiBxo a B*bpHO noHBJE'B ero, bi BoneHrareHcsoM'b reorpatj^BqecBom syp* 
Haarb. 3aMlqaTejiLHo^ vto h y nero BBBxacB npB 9Towb mucjib^ bo mosot^ jib 
vroTb cjiyqaft oociysBTb cjiys6y A^a APyrBX-B apBTBqecBBxi» BBcneAni^ift b no- 
DHTOB'B AOCTBrayTb noJiH>ca. Oh'B roBopBXb Mes^y npovBirb: tEvb 9Toro bbabo, 
VTO noJiflpBHe ^yTeBIecTBeBBBBI,^OT^paBflBH)B^ecB bi* nojuocy qepes'B cb6bp- 
CBue JieAOBBToe nope, OjAyTi* b^poatho bi> KaBoifB BB6yAb uibcrb saTepTH 
jiBAaMB, BO BTB iieAflBUfl Maccu 6yAyirB ABBFaTbCfl TeqeBieui* no BanpaBneBlH) 
Kb H)ry BAOAB 6eperoB'B PpenjiaBAiB. GA^OBaTeABHO, HBiiero H^rb hob^poat- 
Haro B'B Tom*, vto BBcneABi^ifl, ecjB toabbo cy^BO cnoco6Ho BHAOpacarB AO^iroe 

BpOMB BanOp'B JIBAOBB, M0aC6Tl» nOBaCTB BB K)SByH> FpeHJiaBAiH). Ho BO BCBBOMB 

cAyqa'Jb osa AOASHa 6utb roTOBa npo6uTB MBorie roAU bi nyTB>. 



GFBAH HO^IH H IB^A. 175 

SI sauDHeHii), ^to laKoe nyTemeoTBie tjihCu bi Bucmefl oreueHH 
seBipoflTHO, ecjra He coBepmeHHo HeB08i[0XH0>. 

AoKadaBi 8T0 Ha ocHOBaHlH njraBaHifl «TereTTro$a3> h Apyrnx'b 
^asTOB'B, fl npoAOJisajfL: 

. f PascTOflHie oTh Hobo-oh6hpcehxi ocipoBOBii jif> Bocro^naro 6epera 
rpeHJuaHAiH no;^ 80 rpaAycaMH niEpoTu AOCTHraeTB 1360 MopcKHx^ 
MHJa; paacTOHHie xe ors dToro ayHSTa ao ImiaHraafia — 1540 MHJDb; 

BMiort dTO COOTaSHTB 2900 MOpCSHX'L HHJIB. IlyTB 8TCTB GlUTB npoft- 

jsfiwb Bi 1100 AHett, ^To no paso^eiy oooraBJUieirB bi a^hb 2,6 
HHiH. BpeMfl, HysHoe a^h Toro, qroCst HafiAeHHUH ooraHKH ^h- 
HdTTii iiorjcH AOCTHrnyib iDJiiaHraafia, nocsi Toro KasB owb yse no- 
6uBaiH fia 80 rpa^yci mnpoTu, voxerB 6utb BH^Haneno e'B to^hoctbk), 
Tafi'B KaRB leieHie y Bocxouaro Gepera TpenjiaHAiH xopomo HSBicTHo. 
Ha ocHOBaHiH TOro, ^to mu sHaeii'B o neirB, mosho apHHHTB, ^to 
HysHo He MeHBme 400 Aneft, ^tq6u npoftTR bto paacTOHHie; na ny- 
iremecTBie otb Hobo-ch6hpokhxb ocxpoBOBi ao 80 rpaAyca mHpoTH 
ocxaBTca, ciiAOBaTejiBHo, obojo 700 AHeft. npeAHOjaraa, qio bth npeA- 
MeTu OTnpaBHiHCB no EpaTqaflmefi Aopori, t. e. ^epesB noxDcx, — 

<;ROpOCTB ABnSeRifl fiyABTB paBHflTBCH AByHl MOpCBHHl MHJflMl B'B 

ji^eHB. Ha ApyroiTB nyre, eb lory BOEpyrB SevJiH ^pani^a-IocH^^a h 
xi Dry OTB IIlDHn;6epreHa3 cEopocxB Aoxxna 6utb ropasAO 6ojn»nie. 

Ho BU^HGieHHafl TaSHlTB OfipaSOHB CEOpOCTB ABBXenill, AB'6 HHlH B'B 

AOHB, nopasHTejiBHO coBnaAaerB co csopocTBD xeTOHiH, ynocHBrnaro 
JSKaHHeiry sb soHi^y ea nJiaBanifl, ob 1-fo flHsapH no 15 Idjm 
1881 roAa. Bb dro BpeMfl ^aHHeria ABHrajiacB co csopooTBD, npeBu- 
maDn^ex) ABi mhjth 3% abhb; cpeAnafl se osopocTB ABHseHiJi cyAHa 

paBHHiaCB TOJIBEO OAHOfl MHJrb. 

«Ho pasB* h4tb APyrnxi* AOEaaaxeaBCTBB, qxo cy^ecxByexB xe- 
^enie ^epesB noiiooB oxi BepHHroBa Mopa cb oahoS oxopoHu, B'B 
AxjEEanxEqecEift oKeanir— htb Apyrofl? nooMoxpHirB! 

€^-pB Phhsb noiy^HJiB otb oahoto rpeHjraHAi^a wb ToAxraaGi 
8aH'lux6j[BHiii£ KyooEi A^pcBa. 3x0 — APOBKO uexaxejiBHaro opysis, 
ynoxpe6jiiaeMaro 8CEHMocaHH na oxoxi, ho oxjiH^ann^eeca oxt» Tbxrb 
OHapflAOBi, sasie ynoxpe6xflX)xcH dCRHMOcaMH sanaAHaro 6epera PpeH- 
JiaHAiH. Ji^-pb Phhe'b buboxb hsb axoro saEJiio^eHie, tto no Bcefl Bt- 
poaxHocxH opyAie axo npHHaAJtesaso ecsHMocau'B Bocxo^naro Cepera 
rpeHJuaHAia. nosAHlflmia HSOxiAOBania yKasajur, ^xo oho npoHoxoAHXB 
HS'B AiacEH, no Cjibsocxh BepHHroBa npojiEHBa, xaKi saEi xojo^eo xaM^ 
ynoxpefixaexca xasaa $opMa opyada. B'B hom^ Aase OEasaxHCB B^i- 
JiaBHUMH KHxaficEia oxeEJUHua 6ycu, EaE'B pasi xasia, EaEia npio- 
OptTanxcj acEHMocaiiH y a3iaxcEHXi> napoAOBi cneiUaJiBHo cb i^jibbo 
yEpameHifl CBoero opyxia. Moxho 6wlo^ cjsiAOBaxejiBHO, yxnepsAaxB, 
qxo 8X0TB EycoEB AopoBa ]HeoeHB 6ujrb oxB sanaAHaro 66pera AiaoEH 
BBepxB EB 66peraMi> TpeHJiaHAiH xe^enieMB, Eoxopoe HakB en^e ho- 
flSBtcxao Ha bcomb cbooh'b npoxaseniH, ho, BeoBHa Btpoaxao, npoxoAQX'B 



176 P7GGR0E BOFATCTBO. 

o^eHB 61H8RO SI oiBepHovy nojiDcy Era se r;^ HH6fAB MeaA7 no- 
jriocoifti H SeMioD $paHi(a-IocE$a. 

«MoxHO HafiTE enie vsoro AOKasaTexBCTBi vb nonsy cyn^eoTBo- 
Basifl TBKoro Te^eflia. Bi FpeEJiaHAiE, EaKi HSBicTEo, eo pacTyrb 
AopeBBE, npEroAEHfl au nocTpoBKE jEEOAOKi, oaEOfl E spyrEXi xosaii- 
cTBeEEUx^ npeAMOTOBi. C£b;^oBaTejn>EO, niaBy^iA A^pefiBE, npaEocE- 
MHfl nojiapEBEiTB Te^BEleH'B K'B BooTo^isoMy fiepory TpeEiaEAiH e yEO- 
CEMUE Ki ctBopy BAOJu OE sanaAsaro eeper-a, cocraBJiEanTB oaeo e81» 
raaBsuxi* ycjLOBifi cyEiecTBosaEifl dcjuiMOcoB'B. Ho oiKyAa se npHEo- 
CETCfl aroiTB njiasy^ft jrboB? 

«3AicB EaiTB cEOBa npBxoAETCE EOAyiiaTB crpasaxi, JEEesa^EX-B 
no Ty cTopoEy nojnoca. JI caMi bmIjii cjy^afi: EscjrbAOBaTB doiBmiH 
MaccH njiBBy^aro lioa EaKi Ea sanaAEOM'b, Tas'B e Ea bocto^soitb 
6epery rpoExaEAiE; e EaxoAoJii njaBaDoue sycKE Aep^Ba e b'b uopi, 
AOBOJiBEo A&JieKO orb 6epera. KaKT* e npesEie nyremecTBeEEEKE, a 
npEmeji'B ki* y6isAeBiio> ^0 6ojirBmafl ^acTB dxoro itca Morjia no- 
flacTB cDAa TOiBKO ESI Ce6hpe, a MeEBmaa ^bctb — est* AuepEKE^ 
TaK^ Kasi» opeAE aToro jtca ms EaxoAEVB cooEy, cESEpoRyx) juict* 

BBEEEliiy E APyriE AepeBBE, EOTOpUfl BpflAl»-J[E MOryTB 6UTB EEoro 

npoEoxosAOHifl. HErepecEa bi AaHEoin> cjiyqa*! EaxoAEa, CAtJiaEEaa 
BTopofi repHaECEOi noXEpEOfi ascneAflAieft Ea BocroqEcicB 6epery 
r|)efijiaEAiE. n3i» ABaAi^aTE nETE KycKOBi njiaBy^aro Ji'ica 17 upeeea- 

JheSaJIE CEGEpOKOfi JIECTBeESEllt, EETb OAEOMy CtfiepEOUy BBAy COCEH 

(BipoETEO Picea obovata), Asa OAEOMy BEAy ojbxe (Alnus incana?) e 
oAEEi RyooR'B OAEOMy BEAy Tonojifl (Populus tremula?)~Bci 8te copra 
jrboa Bcrpt^aioTCfl bi GeGepb. 

^cBb AOfiaBJieEie rx 8tbmi Ea6jiK)AeEifl]rB, npoflSBeAeEEUM'B bb 
FpeEjraEAiE^ hu HOseMi yDOUEByTB, ^to 8Rc^eAE^ia uKaEEeTTM Ea 
dBepl Hobo-ce6bpcrexi ocTpoBOBi qacTO EaxoAEia CH6EpcEia 3Aot> 
(cocEy E Gepesy) uexAJ JieAflflUME rjunfiaME, yBxeRaeMUHE TeqoEievB^ 
EanpaBifljDmUMCfl b'b c:bBepy. 

^Kb cqaoTBK) js^m bcrbmogobb, eseroAEO npEfiEBaerL TaR'B Msoro 
noAoCaaro njiaBy^aro Jiica ri 6eperaM'B FpeEJiaEAiE, ^0 npaxoAExoa 
AonycTETB cyni^ecTBOBaEie nocToEEsaro TO^eEifl B'B btomi EanpaBie- 
His, TiMB 6ojAeyn:to bocb 8totb jiici cnjiomB epoesboabtb BaeqaTit- 
Bie, RBRB 6yAT0 osb se tojibro npojiesaJiB bb boa^, eo no6£iBaji'B b 
bo JiBAy*.. 

«TpyAEo AonycTETB, qTo6B[ btotb jiioii ycrpeHjiflJicfl rb iDry bo- 
RpyrB SoMJiE ^pasi^B-IocB^a e IIInEi^6epreEa: bto tbrb se Majio at- 
poETEO, RaRB fl npeAEOJioseflie, ^to JEeAflHaa rjnida ob ocTaERanE 
^H^EseTTu coBepmsjia btotb casuS nyrB. ^ORasaTeiBOTBOMB npoTHBS 
laRoro npeAEOJioseEiE cjyiKHTB to, ^to CE6EpcRi8 njiaByqifi jitoB 
BCTptqaeTCfl B'B ctaepy otb nXuEi^depresa bb Teqesis, EEinn^eii'B 
lusBoe sanpaBJieEie, npoiaBb ROToparo saspacEO GopoiCE Ilapps. 

f n TyTBy cjT&AOBaTexBEo, Ku BCTpiqaeMca cb ^aETaKE, ROTopse sa- 



CPBAH HOU H ILAA. 177 

cTaBJUuoTB npHSHaTB oyn^eoTBOBaBie Teqenifl, npoxoj^flii^aro qepesi 
noinci HIE BtixiBH OTh Hero. 

€B% cBnaH ifh VTEH'b oco6eflHHfi HHiepeoi npexcTaBJUierB saiii- 
^ame HiHeipuiro 6oTaHHKa rpasefiaxa, jKasaBinaro, tto rpeHJiaEjiicKaji 
^jiopa sauiOHaeTb Vb ee&^ i^tisft paffi oh6hpckhx'b bhaobi, koto- 
pue BpflA^ j[H MorxH nonaoTb Tf a^ HHa^e, Kas-b npa domoizpl Biime- 
yKasaBsaro Te^enia; otMeHa, BtpoaxHO, Cwol saseceHH Vb FpeuaH- 

.JOX> HMOBHO BTBM'b TeHeHiOlTB. ^ 

«A A^arb HadjoDAeiiiii hi^ab uaByuMH iBAanH vb AaTcsoMx 
npojiHBi (Hea^^y HoiasAieft h rpeHxaHAieS), yKasuBanntifl, ^to h 
8Torb jLojsib, nosaxyfi, Taxace cH6]ipcKaro nponoxosAOHiii. JI HamejorB 
wb Hem ffbKOTopoe soxH^ecTBo Hxa, noBHAHHOHy, npoHcxoAH^aro hsi 
oh6hpcxhxi»^ a Moserb 6utb Tasse h h3'b c^Bepo-aMepHKaHCRHX'B 

ptSl. B08MOSHO, OAHaXO, HTO 8TOTB MTb npOHCXOAHXl HS'B py^IBOBl, 

HaxoAflniHXCfl no^B x&AaMH vb ciBepHoft FpeHJiaHAiH hxh se vb xa- 
Koft HH6yAB Apyroii HensBicTHoft noxupHoft CTpani, nooroMy a h 
o^HTax) 8T0 AoxaaaTexBCTBo He ctoxb BasHioci^ xas'B npHBeAeHHHH 
Biime. 

<£CXH COnOCTaBHTB BCi 8TH ^aXTil, TO, XaX'B HHi xaSeTGfl^ Mil 

Heo6xoA9HO AOxsHu npHATH Kb saxjooqdHix), ^to r^b vatj^ nesAy 
SeMxex) ^paHB^a-IocHj^a h uosjoeowb HaxoAHToa Teqenie, HAyn^ee hs^ 
CH6HpoRaro xoAOBHTaro Hopa wb BOCTo^HOKy 6epery FpeHxaHAia. 

«?T0 8T0 Taxi, KLi Moxeui yOiAHTBCfl en^e h ApyrHMi nyreici. 
06paTHK'B BHHMaHie Ha aoxapnoe TOHenie, to mnpoxoe Te^enie, xo- 
Topoe HAerb Mea^y miuniiCepreHOVB h rpoHxaHAiefi h3b HeHSBicr- 
Huxi noAflpHsxi crpaffB. Oho necerb cb co6od Taxifl rpoHaAHua 

MaCCH BOAHy HUO HeCOMH^HHO HO HOSOTB HpOHCXOAHTB HSB XaXOrO 

HH6yA^ HeCoxbinoro BOAoeHa, a aoisho oo6paTb box) BTy Maccy HSAa- 
xexa, riwb fioxie, ^to, xaxi HSBicTHOi noxxpnoe nope y deperoB-B 
AsiH, EBpoiiH H AHepHKH OTXH^aeTCfl MexROBOAien^. IIoxflpHoe to^ 
qeHie, npaBAa, nonoxnaeTCH or^acTH pyxaBOMX roxbj^cTpetfa, koto^ 
putt npHHHKaerb BOOxoAaniee HanpaBxeaie y saas^aaro 6epera IIIaHii- 
Ceprena, ho OTOro He6oxbjnoro Te^eHia, xoHe^no, HOAOCTaTOUo, h 
rxaBHyx) Maccy cbohxb boa^ noxapaoe Te^eaie no Bcefl BipoaTHocTH 
DoxynaerB ob xaJBiBHaro ciBepa. 

cBosMosHO, HTO HojuipHoe To^eHle npooTHpaerb cboh pyxaaa ao 
6eperoB'B Ch6hph h BepanroBa npoxHBa h orryxa Taxse 8a6apaeTb 
BOAy* BoAa, soTopyx) oho yaxexaeTB cb co6ox), AOCTaBxaerca 
qacTBK) Bume aasBaHHUM'b TenxuM'b TeqenieM'b, HanpaBxax)n(BMca to- 
-pevb BepHEroBii npoxaai, laxi* se xaxx h BiTBbX) roxB^^CTpeua, koto- 
putt Ha ctaepB oti HopBeria oratfaerb vb boctouomi HanpaBxeniH 
HoByK) 3eMxx), OTxyAa Haaipaoe 6oxBniaa ?acTB dToro TOTOHia xAerb 
BAOXB ctBopaoft cTopoHH 8Toro ooTpoBa, Vb Cndapcxoe xeAOBxroe 
Mope. BecBMa aipoaTHo, ^0 h Teqenie, HAyn^ee ex x)ra, Taxse 
qacTBX) HaapaBxaeTca no droMy nyTa, Tax'b Basi BCxiACTBie o6pa- 
meaia seMaoro mapa Te^eaie, aaiipaBxaK)nt6eoa xi ciaepy, 6yAb oao 
j« 1. oiA*«» I. 12 



178 PyCCKOB BOrATGTBO. 

BoaAyniHoe hie BOAHHoe, HenpeMlHHO aoisho fiy^erB OTiuroHSTBCfl b'b 
BocTo^HOMi HanpaBJieHiH. IIo Toft 7KB npBUHt E Te^eHie, HATmee Kh 
Dry, jifiJiTBjio OTEJEOHHTBca El sanftAj, iTb BocTonouy fieperjr TpeH- 
laHAiB. 

<Ho eciflCi AAse ae cyn^ecTBOBaio bthx'b To^enlt, HanfiaBJuiio- 
msxcfl vb nojiflpHiifl BOAoeiii, to a^'nojiarai), tto Ty^a BcerasH sna- 
Aaerb ctojkbko Apyrnxi boa'b, ^to ohh jifixxBS. 6uih o6pa30BaTB no- 
jupHoe Te^efiie. HpesAe Bcero ysaseirb Ha Bni^annpfl vb JleAOBHToe 
nope ciBepo-eBponeficRifl, cH6Hpcm h ciBepo-aMepHEaHoda ptKH. 
OCJiacTB ocaAKOBi bthxi plKi AOBOUHO BOJUsa; OHa saHEvaen fion- 
myn qacib c^BepHoft EBponn, no'iTs bcs> ciBopHyK) Asud ejie Ce- 
6hpl ao AjiTalicEHX'B ropi e BaEEaiBCKaro oaepa, xaE'B ace Easi e 
(ojiiniyi) ^acTB Ajiecee e fipBTSHcxoi ciBepHoft AMepEEE. 3to bo 
BCflxoHi cj'yqal cocraBiflerB se Kajryn ^acib seMHOfi noBepxsocTE e 
ocaASfl B'L BTEXi tficTax'L oHesB BejisEE. TpyAEO AonycTETB, ^o6h 
JleAOBETiifi OEeaffb bx 8Ha^Tej[BEoft creneHE coAificTBOBai'b noasjie- 
HiD 8Tflrb ocaAEOBi; BO-nepBiixi ovb 6ojD»nieio ^acTBH) nospuTB nia- 
ByqEME JUBAanE, EcnapeHie EOTopuxi o^esB seasa^ETejiLHO, e bo-bto- 
pHxi, cpaBHBiejiLso BBSsaji leMnepaTypa, rocnoAOTBynn^ui vb vtwrb 
MiciaxT, To^so TBESce saAepsEBaeTB EcnapeHie oTEpuToft noBopxso- 
CTH BOAU. BoAft, HysHafl jifiSL oCpasoBaHifl 8thx'l oc8M(eob-b, AOiacEa, 
cjDilAOBaTeJiBflo, nojiy^aTBCfl bs'b Apyrsxi Mien, npeEMymeoTBesHO esi 
ATJiasTB^ecEaro h TBxaro OEeaHOBi, e Dpn6uiB boau, nojiyqaeHaa ?e- 
peai 810 JIeAOBBT£iHi> OEeaHOH'B, AOiiSHa 6iiTB oibeb SHaqflTeJiBHa. 

£CJIE 6U EH EMIjIE AOCTaTO^HUfl CBiA'bHifl EOJIfl^eCTBi AOSAE> BH- 

nsAaiDniaro vb passHxi cTpasaxT*, to hu HorsE 6u EonoopeAOTBeEHo 
Bu^cjiETB 8Ty opflfiujiB *). Em6 6ojBniee sHa^esie 8Ta npESiuB 
ncjiynaei'L aa toex ocBOBaaiE, ^to nojKapHuft BOAoeifB opaBEHiejiBEo 

He BejIBEl fl IipBTOEl, EBEl EH yse rOBOpEJEE, HeAEOBOAeS'B; HaE- 

CojiBniafl BSBbcTHafl rj[y6EHa AOCTEraerL tbui npH6jiH8ETeAH0 
120—150 MeTpoBi. 

«Ho cyniecTByerB eme APyrofl $aETOpi, EOTopHft lasse AoaateHB 
coAttcTBOBaiL ysejuB^eBix) boabkxi> Eacci bi noiflpsovB 6accefiEi, 
8T0— ocBAEE nojuBpBOfl o6jiacTE. yseBefinpexiTB yEasuBan, ^xoien- 
jioe cKpoe B08AyB]Boe le^eaie^ BanpaBiflDn^eecfl ci nra vb nojuip- 
BSfl cTpaBu, BcjiiACTBie cyniecTBynn^aro Tsxrb EESsaro aTMOo^epHaro 
AaBJuenia, aojsho siiauBaTB eeofo ocaAEOBi, onoeo6oTByH)H^Exi yne- 
juBieBiK) EOJiBHeciBa B0Ai» Bi BOJiapHoirL Hopi. HesEauTeJiBEoe co- 
AepsaBie cojbh bi bojibphoe'l xeqeBiE laEse noATBepsA&orb ppeAQO- 
jioseBie, ^to hi> nojiBpBufi fiaccefis'L nocrynaerB icsoro npicEot 

BOAH.Ji 

tHa ocHOBaBiE Bume EdJioseHHaro eosho BUBeoTE saEuo^eme). 



*) TaKoe BuucieBle Cuno msoh) CA'bsaHO nosAHie, h a npunejii xi sa* 



'^TO Hope BOKpyrB noinca noiy^iaeTii aobojibho ssa^ETejiBHoe koih- 
'qeoTBo BOAii, ^acTBD nplcHOtt, HacTLD coieHofi, AOCTaeifleHoe Buy 
paajiHqHuiiH mopcbhmh Te^OHiflMH. CorjacHO sasoHairfc TflxecTH, bto 

06BJlie BOAU JUOJOSBO HUiTB OTOKl H TaKHlTB HHeSHO GTOKOV^b CJLJTSiBTb 

j(ifl Hero rpoHJiaHj^cKoe noiapHoe TeneHie. 

«Ho noEQiieHi en^e h Apyrsn npHUHi, o6i>flOHflH)n(EX'b, no^OMj 
Te^eaie BsfiHpaeTB HMeHHo bto HanpaBJieHie. 

«Pa3CMaTpHBafl OTHOmeHifl TIj6EWb, MH HaXOAHH'B BQOIHi OCHO- 

BHTeJUBHUfl npH^HHU, ^^:o6u mBHoe jctbo Te^esifl jieHaio bi Hopt 
HOHAT FpeHjiaHAieft h HlQHnifiepreHoirB. 9to nope, HacKOjiBKo Hasn 
oho HSBicTHO, BOSA^ o^eHB TJiyfioRo; Bi OAHOMi Aase irbcrt rjydHHa 
AOCTHraeTB 4500 HeTpoB7>; m6sa7 rtni saKi Mope ki nry otb 
IIInHii;6epreHa h SeiuiH $paHi(a-IocH$a ^pesBinaflHo moiro h ho aepe- 
xoAHTB sa 300 MOTpoBi rj[y6HHu. Hepeai BepnHroBiB npoiHB'B, Kasi 
UH yse roBopHJiH^ Teqenie HanpaBiflercH Kicteepy; a CufirB-SyHA'B 
H npoxEBS He3KjD(y ocTposaMH Kh cieepy otb Ahophrh, r^t Te^eHle he i- 
-eTB yace dshoo HanpaBieme, cxEniKOirB uajiEi h ysRE h noTOMy se mo* 
ryTB oxysETB A^fl^cToxa raxoro 6oxBiiioro KOXE^eciBa boah. HraRi, 
exlAOBaiexBHo, npnxoAnTOE AonycTHTB, tto axa Hacca boau cxtAyex'B 
no HanpaBJieHii) noxapHaro »e Te^enifl. KcraTH HanoEHX) sa^ob o 

TOMli npOTOKi, KOTOpuft 6BIXI HafiAeH^ dKCUBAEI^ieft fflbaHHeTTU EesAy 

ocTpoB(m'B BpaHrexfl e Hoboce6hpcrhme oorpoBaME. 3totb upOTOR'B 
HithrB (rfaBepHoe HaapaBxoHie, e rxy6EHa ero npesiiinaxa 150 MerpoBi, 
lorAa xaKi cb o6*hxx ero CTopoai rxy6HHa 6HxaHe6oiie 80—100 

HOipOB^. BnOXHi BtpOETHO, HTO 8T0TB ^p0T0R^ HaXOAHTCfl BB CBflSH 

CI tIitb, ROTopHft xesHTB MosAy IIIiiHnifiepreHoirB e FpeHxaHAieft *), 
a 8T0 ecxH He Baoxvfa oapeAtxaeii HaapaBxeHie rxaBHaro Te^eaifl, 
TO CHXBHO BJiifleTB Ha Hero. 

<Pa8CMaTpHBafl BsaEHHUfl OTHomeHiH BtTpoB^ E aTMOc^dpsaro 
AaBxeHiH Bi noxflpHOMi uopi, mu npEAOEB R'B saRJiiDqeBln, ^to ohh 
Tasse AOJi^HH coAiUcTBOBaTB o6pa30BaHiH) Te^eHifl, npoxoAan^aro <ie- 
pesi^ noxDOB bi yRasaHHOMB HaapaBxeaiE. HoflCB HHSsaro aiEoc^ep- 
Haro A&BxeHifl (MHHHMyiia) HAerB ri x)ry otb III(iEi^6epreHa e Senia 
'^paH^a-IocH(|)a, otb AixaHTE^ecRaro OReaaa bi ChShporoo xoaobe- 

TOe MOpe. CorxaCHO ESBtCTflUMl SaROHaHl, hiTpiS. BI* lOSHOft ^aCTE 

BToro nofloa aoxshu HMtTB no npenEyn^ecTBy HaapasiieHie otb 
BanaAa S'b Bocioxy, aio laxsRe aojixcho coAMcTBOBatB o6pa30BaHiio 
BocTO^iHaro Te^eHia baoxb ciBepnaro 6epera Ch6epe. Taxoe Teieaie, 
A'i^ftOTBETexBHo, cyu^ecTByeTi**). Btipu wh (ybBepnofl ^aciH yaoHflayraro 
noEoa AOJisHEi no npeEHyoiecTBy AyrB b'b npoTEBOHOxoxHOirB nanpa- 



*) CA'^ftEHoe HaMH OTxpurie doABmoft rzy5EHu noJupHaro 6acoelBa noA- 
^sepsAaeTB bto npeAnoAOseHie. 

*) HaxnH HadJODAeHifl, OABaKO, bo Bpeica btofo nyTemecTBiJi He noATsepx- 
jfiWTh cyt^6CTB0BaHia BOCTOVBaro Teqenia baojib ch6hpokexi 6eperoB'&« 

12* 



180 P7CCK0S BOFATCTBO. < 

BieHiH, OTB BOOTOKa Ki sanaAT,' h, ojAjspBnueujio^ jipjoKsu bbisbetb^ 
aanaAHoe re^eHie, KOTopoe h HanpaBuerca repeal nojrocB wb rpes- 

JiaHAOKOe H0p6r 

«nTaK'B, (Tb KaKofi 6h CTopoHu MU HH paacHaTpsBaiH OTOrB BO- 
npooii, H A&se noHHHO onei^ajBHUX'L pimaDnmx'B npH^HHi, mh b 
A^yKTHBHUH'B nyToiTL jfflxxEU npHATH Ki BauioqeHix), TTO cyn^e- 
cTBjerb Te^eHie, KOTopoe npoxoABTb ^epeaii nojoxrB uh bGihbh on 
Hero H HanpaBJuerca b'l Mope i Mea^^ TpeHiaHAieft h innHA6ep- 

XeHOlTL* 

«IIpHHEi[aa BO BHHHaHie. see Bume cKasaHHoe, a nojiarax), hto 
MoasHo nonuTaTBCfl npn noMOn^H aroro Te^eHia, Kb toh'l Kicrb, rjti 
OHO HanpaBiflerca ki* ciBopy, upohhkhjtl ki nojincy e aocthrb Ta- 

KHXl HlCTHOCrefi, SOTOpHXl HanpaOHO CTapaiHCB AOOTHrHJTB Bci Ti^ 

STO A^cTBOBan npoTHBi Te^eHJfl. 

<Mofi njiani BEpaTi^i ojilAJDiiUfi: fl npeAHOJmraiD BucrpoBTb cjaho 

HaHBOSMOSHO HeHBrnHXl paSHlpOBl, H8% HaHBOSMOSHO 6ojii6 Kptn- 

Karo MaTepiaja; ho pasHipBi cjAHa BoeTasH aojkxhu 6utb Aocra* 
TO^Hii, ^To6£i BMicTHTB sanaoB yrjifl h npoBianxa jifiE asHnasa vb 
12 ^eioBiE'B, paao^HTaHHHft Ha hhtb sirb. Gjjsfio wb 170 tohhi 
(brutto), BlpoHTHO^ 6yAeirB OTB^qaxB aroft i^iiH. IlapoBaH HamHHa 
AoiSHa 6uTB Aooraio^mo cHiBHa, oto6u xoa'b cy^Ha Cbltb ho Hentfr 
mecTH HopcRHXi» MEih wb HdkVb, HO Kpoxi TOFO cyAHO AOJiSHO 6htb 
cHaOseHO noJiHiiMi napycHKHi» TaEejasem*. 

«npH nooxpofiKi dToro cyAHa naAo npesA^ Boero HMixB bi BHAy, 
nTo6ii OHO Korio BiiAepxaxB HanopB xBAa. Bou ero aoxshu 6htb. 
KaRi KOZHO 6ojiie oTiorHHH, laRi ^To6fii Jie;i:B, naAaBJiHBaH na hhx'b^ 
HEFAi He MOFB yAopsaTBCii, KaKi aio Cujlo cb SbaHHerrofl h ob Apy- 
fbhh oyAaMH apKTH^eoEHX'B aKcnoAHi^ifi, a cooKaABSUBajTb 6u bhhbi 
H noAHHMan 6u cyAHO aa Bopxi. ?to xasoe cyAHo ifoaoio nocTpoHiB, 

CB 8THK^, BtpOHTHO, COFdiaCHTCfl KaXAUft, KOMy TOIBKO CJiy^aJIOOB 

bha^tb, Kasi A&BETi JioA^ Ha KaKoe HH6yAB oyAHO. IIo axoft se npH' 
miwh cyAHo AOAHHO 6£itb He6ojiBinHX'B pasHtpoBi, xaKi KaRB, ne 
roBopa yse o tomt», qio cb TaREVB cyAHOHi yAofinie iraaeBpHpoBaTB, 
OHO jer^e 6yAeTB noAHHKaTBca Haaepxii npH aabjiohIh na nero XBAa, 
H npnroMB MajieHBKoe cyAHo jDiene cAtiaxB oqoHB KpinKHUB. Koho^ho 
OHO AOisHO 6iiTB BMcrpoeHO H3B HaHJiy^maro HaTepiaJna. CaHO co6(» 
pasyMleTca xasse, ^to oyAHO xaKOft 4^opHU e BOJiH^nHH ho oco6eHHO 
HparoAHO A^a njnasaHia no Mops), ho bto ho Baano, vb BBAy Toro>^ 
qro cyAHy npHAorca njiaBaxB cpoAH jn»AOBB. Koaeuo, npexA^ ^'^h'b 
AOOTHrByTB lOAHHOro Hopa, cyAHy hsao fiyAeiB npofiTH 6ojn»nioe npo- 
CTpaHCTBO no OTEpUTOMy MOpD, HO O^Ba-JEH TaEi ysTB npHAOTca njioxo, 
qio cyAHO coBciM'B He bb cooToaniH fiyAeiB noABHraiBca BnepoA'B^ 
xoxa, aecoHH'i^Hao, naccasHpu^^noABepseHHu^j aopcEofi 6ojii8HH, aox- 
SHU 6yAyTB oxAaxB AaHB HopcEHirB 6orairB. 

<TlwbsL vb cBoeHi paonopfl»eHiH xasoe cyAHo h 8EHnasi> h3S 

10 HJIU 12-XH OHJIBHUXB H BO BCiXl OXHOmeHiaX'B OX6opHUX'B JIDAOtt^ 



GPBAH HOTO H JIBAA. 181 

« TSKxe nomift aanaci opoBlaHra Ha nflrb xirs, HaoroiLKO xopo- 
maro Ka^ecTBa, HacKoiBKo aio soaiiosHO nps miHiniHHX'B yavoBiflxi, 
MOSHO, fl nojiarax), pasc^HTHBaTL Ha ycaixi* npeAnpiflTia. Ha TaROM'b 
cjjijA HH noiiHTaeMGH npoHHRHyrb qepes'L BepHHropi npojiHB^ *) 
Kb 8anaA7 bj^ojib ciBepnaro 6epera HoboorOhpcrhxi ocrpoBOBi paHO 

jrtTOH^, BOr^a yOIOBifl JOJlOB'b AOSBOJUIDTL 8T0. ^OCTHrHJBl HOBOCH- 
^HpCRHX'B •OerpOBOBl, HH AOJSHH RaKl> MO«HO Jiy^me BOCnOIBSOBaTbCH 

CBOHiii> BpeMOHeiT^ E xopomeHBKO H8CJiiA0BaTB ycxoBifl Te^eHifi h 
XBAOB'L H sariH'B Bim^aTB (SiaronpiHTHaro HOMeHTa,' Kor^a hosho 
6j][fiTh iipo6paTL0fl no OBOfioAHOMy otb nAa Mops) EaR'B hosho A&^ine 
Ki ciBepy. Cy^fl no ooo6ii][eHifl]n» aHepHKancsHX'B rhtojiobobx, xaRui 
(SjiaronpiflTHUfl yojEOBia RacrynaDTb ri ciBopy orb BepHHroBa npo- 
JiHBa wb aBrycrb uh b'b Ha^ajit ceHTflfipfl. Kor^a nacTynHT'L TaRoS 
(ixaronpiHTHBift HOHeHTB, hii HonpoSyeHB npofiHTLca ^epeai jbloab RaRi 
JHOHHo AaiBme vb ciBopy. Hto TaKHMi» nyrerb hosho npofiTH ropasAO 
AajQ»nie canaro ciBepnaro hsi Hoboch6hpcrhx'b ocTpoBOBi 8T0 AORa- 
8£rBaeTB, nes^y npo^HHi, h 8RcneAHi^iH 2KaHHemz. B'b to Bpena 
xaRi ara 8Rc^eAH^ifl o6piTaiacB bo JiB^y RX cbBopy otb ocrposa 

BeHHOTa, ^ejOHrB nHCaJTB BT> CBOOITB AHOBBHRi^, hto OHH CO Botxi 
OTOpOFB BBAflTB iTOHHOe BOAHOO He6o>, T. 6. TaROO, BB ROTOpOHl 

OTpasaoTCfl OTRpHToe Hope. H3x aroro cjiAyOTi, yro RpinRoe no- 
juipnoe oyAHO hosotb npoAepsaiBCfl ao HSB^cTHofl crenenH. 

cHaAO TaRse npisflTB bo BSHHaHie, ?to SRcneAHi^ SEaHHenH 
OTB ocipoBa BsHHeTa ao cHdnpcRaro 6epera nyiemecTBOBaia bb joa- 
Raxif qacTBD Bi> OTRpBTTOHB Hopt. Ha 6epery, RaRB h3b1ctho, 60JIB- 
maH qacTB 8toS SKcneAHi^iH norafijra. HopAOHmEjiBAi ho nomojTB 
AaiBme canaro nsHaro hsi HasBaHHtix'B ocTpoBOBi (b'b ROHi^i aBrycra 
1878 r.), HOTarB ^apBaTopi 61UB BCDAy cboSoaohi* otb JiBAa. BecBHa 

B03H0HH0, CliAOBaTOJIBHO, TTO HU tjJlfiWb B'B COCTOflHiH npOHHRHyTB 

E'B ciBopy OTB Hoboch6hpgrhx'b ocTpoBOBi, H ecj[H EAWb yAacTCH npo- 
({paTBCfl TaRi AftJiOKO, TO Hu noQaAOHi BB Teqenie, bi> RoropOHB na- 
xoAHiaoB SKaHHeTia. TorAa HysHo fiyAOTB nocTapaTBca noABHHyTBCH 
RaRi HOSHO jifisie Ri ciBopy, noRa vu ne sacflAen^ ujiotho bo 
jiBAy **). 

«KorAa aTO cjiy^HTCH, HaAO npHRptnHTB xopomsHBRO cyAHO Rana- 

TaHH H npOAOCTSBHTB IBAy HaEOHjirflTBOff RpyrOHB, HaOROaBRO 8T0 B08- 

HOSHO, H T^Mi fiojiBme, TbiTb Jiy^mo^ JLeji.'b 6yAeTB noABUiaTB oyAHO, 



*) Pafi&ine b. xyM&ini OTnpaBHTBca «epeB% BepHHTOB'B npojoBi, Tasi saKi* 
oojtarajTb, qTO HiieHHo crb SToft CTopoHu mosho Bcero csop'ibe h xerqe xocTHrnyTb 
HoBocH6HpcBBX'b ocTpoBOBi. IIpH 6aBSaftiiieMi HscirbAOBaHJH a, OAHaso, y6%- 
Xnacfl, VTO 8T0 coMHRTeii&HO, H noBTOxy p^HiHji'L HB^paTB xpaTqaftmift nyrb 
vepesi KapcKoe nope B'B c^sepy otl MHca ^ejiocKZHa. 

*) H yKaaajiB BnocstxcTBiHlBi cBoeft Jiesiun bi JIohaoh^ ^ito y iceaa 
Hhuio sejiaale oTopaBHTbca baojib sanaABaro fiepera Hoboch6hpcxhx'B ocrpoBOB'b 
sii cfoepy, TaK'B saKB a noaaraaB, qTO Tenjoia boau, npHHOCHMEU JEenoft, ho 
^onycKaiDTB aaxepBaHifl xopa B'B btoitb MibcT^. 



182 F7CGR0B BOrATCTBO. 

BOTopoe cfl^eTB emjB njioTsie h Epin^e. ?to cypro mosotb noA^ 

BJliflHieiTB A&BJIGHifl XbJSfi, CSJIOHBTBCfl Ha 60Kl, Vh dTOWb wkTb EWIQTO 

HesipoflTHaro, ho bto h He Baa^Ho. TenepB yace To^eme BosbMerb Ha. 
ceCa TpyAi ^BHraTb cyAHO Buepe^i; cy^HO nepecTaerb 6BiTb nepoBO- 
so^HUifb cpeACTBOMii H npeo6pa8yeTGfl vb xnioe noH'biqeHie, o6HTa-^ 
TeJiH KOToparo paonojiaranrb snojiHi AOCTaTO^HUH'b BpeHeneirb juui 
HpoBSBOACTBa HayiHux'b Ha6jiioAeHifi. ^ 

«TaKflMi» o6pa30M'L, BnojiHi BipofliHO, ^TO BKcne^Hi^ifl npotjueTi. 
^epesii nojiiocyb h saTiHi b'b Hope, MesAy FpenjiaHAieft h iniiHi];6ep- 
renoMi. TaMi, AocTRrHyBi 80^ mtrpoTu hjih a^^b paHbnie, ecxH axo 
6yAdTb JiiTOMi, Hu Bib cocTOflHiH 6yA6irb ocBo6oAHTb cBOe cyAHo b^ 
BanpaBHTbCH aohoS. Ecjeh 6h cyAHO nonopTHjiocb panbme BToro Bpe- 

HOHH (^TO, KOHe^HO, BOSMOSHO^ XOTfl H MaiO BlpOHTBO, eCJUH CyAHa ^ 

CyAeTb iH)CTpoeHO Bfinne-yEasaHHUMi cnoco6oii'bX to Bce se BRCneAE- 
. ipfl He nocrpaAaerb, TaRi* saKi oCpaiHufl nyxb Hoserb ooBepnurrboa. 
BceiaKH nocpeACTBOMb xe^eHifl, HanpaBiflR>iixaroGH ^epes^b noj[K)0'b 
B'b (TbBep^TJiaHTflHecKift daccefiHi. JIbaobx Tani AOcraTO^HO, mo6a. 
AepsaTbCJl ' Ha ehxi, h noAofinoe nyTemecTBie mh yse npoCosajiB 
paHbme. Ecjih 6h BRcneAHi^ifl XaHHeTTu BMtia AOcxaTO^HO npoBiaara, 
H ecjiE 6u ona ocTanacb na jrbAEHi^ na soxopofl ooTaBHJua Ben^H, natt- 
AezHUfl noT(fHi, to hcxoat* dEcnoAEiUE HaBipnoe 6ujrb fiu ooBep- 
HieHHO Apyroft.' 

<CyAHO H6 uoxerb 4^1 6NCTpo noTonyTb noA% Hanopoirb aaob^^, 
^Tb6H He xsaTEio BpeueEE jnoAflMi nepe6paTbGfl BvAcri co Bciiifl 
sauacauH e npoBiaHTOMii na KaRyD HE6yAb EpinEys) JniAEHy, eoto- 
paa AOJikHHa 6HTb sapanie BuCpana na dTOTb oiy^aft. Ha laEoft 
UAEH'b HBAO pa36HTb naJiaTEH, bbhtuh cb co6od ajih aiofi i^jih, a. 
?to(!h coxpaHETb npoBianrb h Bci ociaJibHHe npEnaobr, ne naAO co- 
cpeAOTO^EBaTb BXi B'b OAHoiTb wbcT^y a pacnpeA^iHTb hx^ vb pas- 
HUX'b M'bcTax'b no ibAy, e pacnojiosETb etl na luoTaxi, cAijiaHHHXi^ 
H8b fiaJiOE'b H Aocox%; TorAa ohb ho Horyrb noTOHyxb, Bb ojy^ai eojis: 
noAi HEME noAJioHETCfl jibAEHa. dKEEasi €raE3u», 6ojnbme nojryroAa^ 
DpocrpaflCTBOBaBmeft uo BOcro^HOMy 66pery rpesjaHAiE, HMeHHO 
BCJiiA^'TBie npoJioMa JibAEHU JiEmnJCH ^acxE cboexi npflnacoBi. 

<Hxo6£i xaEoe nyxemecxBie yAajocb, HaAO co6j[k>cxe ABa ycJOLOBia: 
HHixb xopomyn OAoaRAy h hhofo sanacoB'b nBmE, a o&b axoMi uu 
Mosem no3a6oTHTbCfl. IIpE xasEXii ycjoLOBiaxi hh e sa JibAEHt 6y- 
AOMi qyscxBOBaTb ce6fl xaKi se xopomo« KaKXEHa cBoeEi» cyAHi, h 
xaEi se xo^HO mosomi Aofipaxbca ao rpesjaEACEaro Mopfl. PasHEi^a 
GyAexi JiEnib . Bi xohx, ^xo, AOcxErEyBi Mops, hu, BMicxo xoro ^xo6£i 
nepeCpaxbCH qepesi* nero Ha cBoeMi cyAHt, oxnpaBEMCH wb joAEaxi 
EoxopHE xaEse Blpflo Horyxb AOCxaBHXb nacb Bi 62Esa8inyi) raBanb 

cHxaKT), no MOOMy, cyn^ecxByB)x^» 6ojibnila BtpoaxiH, tto xaEoa 
nyxemecxBie Moserb ystHHaxbcfl ycnixoMi. 

iHiKoxopue B03pa8flTi» MH'I: «Bo Bctxi* xe^esiflx'b cyn^ecTByH)x^ 
npoxEBEHe E noGoHEHe xoke. IIpeAcxaBbxe ce6t xaKOtt cjiy^at, hx0| 



CPBAH HO^H H JIBAA- IBS 

Bii nom^ere hkohho vb raxoi tovb Hn, 6snb MoaKen, Baoi npH^ien 

Vb BaROfi flH67^ H6H8B'&0TH0ft CTpSHi J HOIDOa, K BU TaiTB daOTpfl- 

leie, HTO BH djAeie lor^a A^aTB?» Ha bto a Hory oxBiTETB: ^cro 
saoaercfl npoivBHaro Te^eniH, to mh see se aojishh 6j]ifiwb bh- 
tfpaibca HffB Hero pano uh hosaho, 8to Tasiase BbpHO, Kasi h to, hto 
Hu MoseiTB nonacTB vb Jiero, a b^^b npoBiaHra y Haci XBaiBTi Ha 
BflTB jAvhl OTHooHTeiBHO BTopoft oiy^ftHOCTH oxasy, ^0 Mk npH* 
BiTCTB0Bau-6H 66 CB BOGToproui, TaKB Kasi BpflAB XH Ha Hamot 
BOMii nafi^erofl Apyroe mAoto, npeAoraBiflDmee 6oJDbiiiiit Hay^Hirft 
HHTepeoi: mh 6h npoHBBeiH sasi mosho foxbine nay^HiixB Hafixio- 
ABHift vb HOBO-OTspuToft OTpaHi. Eoih-6k Ham HO yAaioob CHOsa 
noaacTB vb Te^eme oo cbohicb cyAHon, a Bpe]ui-6u npoxoAHJio, to 
Ham He ooTaBajioob-6H HH^ero eojiie, Kara nosHnytb cyAHO h nonpo- 
6oBaTB caHmrb bi xoARaxi h go BoiicH npHoacaMH AOCTHrHyrs 6j[h- 
saflmaro Te'ienix, au Toro, qTo6u BumeyKaBaHHioii cnooo6otfi OHOBa 
nonacTb wb npesHee xeneHie. 

«Ho Kasi jsfijiTO Mosen npoAOJUKaTbca noAofiHoe nyreoieoTBie? 

cKaK^ loi yse roBopHXH, Ben^, npHHaAiesanUa BscneAHi^H XaH- 
HBTTEi, oBHoe 6oi£moe qepesi ABa roAa AOOTnrjin DTHirb Dyreirb 80^ 

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HaHB AOJIXHO XBaTHTB CB HB6HTK01CB. 

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no BCefi B^pOHTHOCTH 06xaCTB nOJDOa HltbeTB HOpCKOfl BIHMaTB, 

OTj[H?aK)npflc& q)aBHHTej[BHO HarKofi SHMOt, ho sa to xoxoahhhb 
jAtomb. 

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^aioTca BB fioflisHH— miHrt. Mh TaBase ne MoaKeMB ee HrnopHpo- 



184 P7CGS0K BOFATCTBO. 

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asefi HHiQB. Ho fl noJEtarai) BoeraM^ iro nps HameirB SHasdH saKui 
BeiEteoTsa Hyxsu ajui noAAopsaidii csjrb opraHHSMa k bosmoxhooth 
mArb Bci HysHBfl nHTaienEHfl BemecTBa vh {^opirt repMeri^eoKH 
3as7nppeHHiirL EOHcepBOB^, mh bi cocroAHiH yorpaHHTb ary onac- 
HOCTb. %!» TO se BpeiEfl, saBTB MHt saxeTOfl, nojiHaro HeAOcraTKa cBt- 
«e& npoBHSiH bi» BO^arb, Eoropmi mh 6jjsfiVh npoissaTB, He aoisho 
6£iTb; Hu MoseiTb ci TBJ^peHHOCTBi) pasc^HTEiBaTS, ?T0 Aase Ha ^a- 
aoKOHi oisept Han 6jfjTb nonaAaTBca HOJuacpHiie HexBi^H h Mop- 
cKiH cofiaKH H 6uTB MOSoTb MH BOTptTHiTL ETb ja[as6 J caMaro no- 
JEDca. KpoMi Toro, vh Hopt boahtch en^e Macca vBSKBTh shbothux'b, 
KoTopufl Vb ciymi hjsau Taisace HoryrL ciysHTB nHO^ett. 

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HOMi H rpoHJiaHAiefi, lasi se, sasi h vb cTe^enie ffltaHHerrai y 

HOBOCHdEpCRHXl OOTpOBOB'L. 

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nojriDca? 

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AOTB-jiH HauTB oyTB ^eposi MaTeMaiH^ecRift nojnooi soMHoro mapa 
HXH Ha HiROTopoMi pascTOHHlH 0TB Hero». 



A HSJIOHHJTB Bl> 8T0MI JlflJULdkJl,^ BCi TXaBHlfiiniH A^^HHfl, Ha RO- 



CPEAH HO^H 1 SbJlA^ 185 

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cyn^eeiBOBaHik Te^eHia, nepepteuBanntaro noiflpHoe icope. Bi> 
imoewh AOKJiajii reorpa^E^ecsouy o6ii^ecTBy bi XpHoriaHiH, 28 cbh- 
ix6pa 1892 roAa, a ynoKflHjJi'B o HlsoTopux'B nsi dTHXi hobbixi> 
^^osasaTeiLCTBi. 

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BaHifl, o6pa8yDmarocfli nps Haaopt ib^obi. 

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BpflAB'jEH Mosen npoEcxoAETB E81 sasoro HE6yAB Apyroro uicra^ 
KpoMi Cb6bph. 

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JIPXXRO, MHt EaSOTCa, YKaSHBaTB, ^rrO obi npOHCXOAHTB ESI 6OJIB- 

mofi HJion^aAH, csop'ie Bcero e8t> ci^BepHoft Ce6eph>. 

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neperHoa hjie 6ojiOTHofl bomjue. Ho ropas^o EErepecEte a's hbcb 
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SpO^CCOpOK'B KlEBOITB BB yiICajBt'6, BUCRa8aBniEHl» HEX'B cirbATK)- 

mee MBiEie: c^iaTOHOE fiescHopno MopcRoro npoHcxosAOEiff, sa hckjuo- 

qeHieH'B HiCROJLBREX'B HeMHOrEX'B npiOHOBOAH£IX'B BEAOBl, SaEOCH- 



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jyqeEsofi ci» inioa BasKapein*, h npHTOiTB 12 h8i ehxi ho Bcrpi- 
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nyTOH'L 6iuE saEooeEH EaftAOEEHE BoniE CI norE6flieft SCaEEemi. 
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nouipEHe nyremecTBeEEiiKE. 

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JILAaME. MOZEO, EOHO^EO, EOGTpOETB CyAEO, EaCTOJIBKO KpiEKOe, TTO 
OEO Vb COCTOEBiE CyAOTB BKAOpsaTB BBHOpB Bl Te^OEiE jrtTa, EO 

eciE BTOMy flanopy hh noABeprsoEcfl bi BEMSie HicEipj, KorAa aabl 



CFB^H m^m H JShJ^L. 187 

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mHxi, ^iTo HeB03M0HH0 HaA'^ATBOfl oHOBa yBHA^TB <Fram>, eojiH cy^aa 
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piqB MaSl KlESTOR'B Saun^HJTB CJliAyK)!!^!!^ CIOBaHH: «£[ sdjias) 

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paBiy^HUfl cb njiaBaHieiTB bi apETHqecRHXi BO^axi bo BCfiKoe Bpeiur, 
^ase vb TasHxi uicTHOCTJix'b, KOTopua ho TaRi bucoeo lesarB Ha 
orbsepti. 

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188 P7CCK0E BOrATCTBO.. 

^TBepsA&n, ^To roonoACTBynntfe Birpu jifljoKBU Mwbib cyn^ecTBeHHoe 
BjdflHie Ha HaopaBJieHie sioro ^icBHseHifl, e csaaarB: 

«npHHHHaa BO BHffMaHie BtposTHoe HanpaBieHie Te^OHia, <Fram», 
ornpaBHBinncB hbi Htsoroparo nyHKia b6ih3h yoTBfl JleHH, ifoserb 
pacqHTHBaTB BorpiTHTB rjiaBHiifl MacoH JEB^a He ciBepnle 76^30*. 
A coHHiBaDOB, qT06H HaHoeHi Hon npoHHSHyrB jifi^jAe na oiBepi, 
npexjud ?iH% sBjsjt oxBaxsTB ero cyAHo. Ho jsjBOte eciH mh AonycTHH'B 
caHoe fiomnee, h ohi yonierb noj^BHEyrbGH en^e Ha 60 HopcRHxi 
MHjn», TO Bce se oh'b 6yAeTL HaxoAHTboa jihiiib b% niHpoTi HHca 
^ejACKHHa, Ha paaoroHHiH 730 kopcrhx'b mhab on noJitDca h npn- 

<$J[B8HTeJnbH0 Vh 600 MOpCKHXl HHlflXl OTB rpaHHI^I A^flOTBHTeJIBHO 

x^yniecTByDmaro Moposoro xe^eHUi, KOTopoe a^^^^ho npHHOOTH ero 
p6paTH0 (TO HHOHHO, KOTopoe coycKaeTca b^ojeb BOOTO^naro fiepera 
rpeHiaHjUH). nospo6Ho pascHOTpbBi Bci 0Mii)n]i[ifloa AOHeceHifl, a 
nojiaraiD, ^ro rocnoACXByKmie siTpii cKopie oxnecyrB cy^Ho k-b sa- 
na^y hosojih kb Bocrosy. Dpi ofiniiR.iBAa Ha ciBepi h oiKpuroirb 
Mopi Hjm HOBOoepasoBaHHOirB j[BAt Ha di4, maHCu na cymecTBOBa- 
Hie d^Bepnaro TeqeniH, no Bpatfflett iiipi, bi Hajari, o^ohb HeBejESH; 

npH TOHB HHi H6H3BiCTHII TaiUH CHIU npEpO^H, KOTOpUfl MOriE 6bI 

Vb oupe^iJieHHoe BpeuH npoBecrn cy^Ho sBa^ETejiBHO as^^^^ ^'^ 
oECnpcRaro 6epera, libwt 8to 6vulo (tb SbaEHeTToit. Bo Bce dxo Bpeim 
cy^HO 6yAerB HenoABBano aauK^eno bo JB^y h 6yAerB noABepraxBca 
xopomo ESEticTHHVB onacHOCTflMB TaKoro noxoseHiH, xote 6u oho e 

HaXOAHJIOCB FB 8T0 BpOHfl HO^B Sail^HTOD HOBOOTRpUTUXB 3eHeJIB». 

Bb OAEoiTB nyHKT* HapecB corjacHJicji oo mhok), — vb toht», ^o 
criaBHOK) vlkxMO Bclxi TaKEXB aKCneAEAiK AOJnsHO 6utb nscjiiAOBa- 

Hle BCiXB HeHBBiCTEUX'B IIOlflpHBCxi CTpaS'B, a HERaKl He AOCTESe- 

Hie TO^Haro MaTeHaTE^ecKaro nyHKia, faI naxoAHTCH ciBepsafl oko- 

He^HOCTB 3eHH0ft 0CH» '*'). 

Capi AueffB lOnrB oKasaiB, uesAy npouHi: c^-pi* HaHC6Hi> 
npoAno-iaraeTB, qxo 64joe Micro BOKpyrB noiroca npeActaBMerB 6ac- 
ceflHB, HanojmeHHBift boaod hjth jibaohb. IIo uoeHy se HHiHiH), caMyD 
6ojBmyD onacHOCTB, ctb KOTopoio naAO 6opOTBCfl y ciBepnaro nojiDca, 
cocTaBj[fleTB seujifl. BoiBmsHCTBO npesHHxx nyTemecTBeHHEKOB'B, 
hIh'b jifiLSbme npoHEKajE na ci^BepB, riwb Bce 6ojiBine h 6oj[Bnie 
BCTptqaJiH senaiB. Ben^H ci oKaHHeTTU mofjih npoftTH qepe3^ ysRie 
KaHajiH Kb TOMy irtoxy, ta* bxt» HanuH, e h AynaH), ^to fiuJio 6h 
B'B Bucmefi creneEE onacso oTopaBHTBca na cyAHi no dTOsiy nyTE, 
TaKii KasB laifB cyAHo Mono 6u HaTKHyrBca sa seMJOO e sacipflTB 
Ha AOJirie roAH». 

OiHocnrejiBHO ^opmi cyAHa Ajuem. K)HrB saBrtxEJii, tto oBa 



*) Ilocjit Hamero BOaBpan^eHifl aAMHp&m Hapecb co CBoftcTBesHBiMi eMy 
pm^apcTBOMii D08;^aBHfli» mouji BHCbMeaHO, npasHaBafl, qro AOCTonaMHTsoe ny- 
TemecTBie <FraQi> iiepesi noJUpHoe nope AOsasiiBaeT'L B'IbpHOCTb Moeft TeopiE 
-H HeOCHOBaT6JIBHOCTb 6ro coHffbmft. 



«He HMieTb 6ojiunoro sHa^eaia^, lan xaif^, eciH cyAHO noABeprneTca 
cHAHOHj Haoopy Jiigta, to npn hsb^cthuxi joJLoiBliaxh owb Henpe- 
MiHHO AOJUseffB pasAaBHTB cjAHO, H3ii Hero 6H OHO HH 6iuo no- 
crpooHo. 

HivoTopHe aBTopHTOTH BHosasaiHOB, OAHaKO, vb uoshsj Hoero- 
uaHa. 3x0 6ujia: noiapauft nyTemecTBeHHaai aAMapan capi. 
8. HETja^EMhflih H HaHajUfeHEB'B aHTjdflCKaro THAporpa^l^HHecKaro jifi- 
napraiieHTa KanHiaai Baproat. 

AAMHparb Odpi A^opAS'B PaxapAOi Bi naciiMi ki reorpa^a^e- 
oaoMj ofin^ecTBy ao noBoxy Hoero AouaAa asjoauurb ojcfcAynn^^* «A 
coxajiK), HTo AOisoB'b BHCKasaiBO/i npoTHBi aToroniaaa, ao AyMan^ 
HTo saacAufif o6iaAaionufl aBTopaTeTOKi, AOJiseai OTspoBeaao Bupa- 
8BTB cBoe HHtaie, KorAa TaKi» naoro oiaBarcfl aa KapTy». 

Oai naniOTB, aesAy npo^ain, o TC^eaiax'B: «JI^oxarax), vto no- 
CToaaaoe acTO^eaie (a npoAno^Tax) bto aupakeaie oxoay: TO^eaie) 
ci ciaepa npoacxoAan Bci^ACTBie Burtoaeaia boah bi noxapaoft 
o6xacTH EOKpiiBaDnunrb ee xeAaaBuiB noKpoBowL, yBexa^aBaDn^mioa 
Bi» Toxmaai BcxiACTBie rpoaaAauxii aaocb caira, csaiuHBaDnpaea 
aa noBepxaooTH xBAa>. 

Taaoe aoTeneaie asi noxapaaro tfacceliaa coaepmaeTca, ao vab- 
BiK) PaxapAca, bo Boft cTopoau, ao aeero caxBaie oao Bspaseao b-b 
o6jiacTa aesAy saaaAaox) OKoae^aocrBX) ocTpoBOBi Ilappa a ninaii- 
66preaoH'L; apoTBBB aioro to aere^eaia a npaxoAaxocB 6opoTBOfl 
BotHB npesaHMB BRcaeAai^aM'B. 

PaxapACB, noBHAHMOMy, ae Al^aeTB acaxn^eaia aa a^ 2CaB- 
BOTTU, aa Aia Tererrro^a a «ae aaxoAaxi* aa aaxitipax'B ooaoaa- 
aitt Axa cyn^eoTBOBaaia Teneaia, aAyaiaro otb HoBOoaCapcaaxi ooipo- 
BOBi KB oteepy nepesB noxnoB, KasB bto AyvaerB a aa hto aa- 
A'i^OTca A-pi Haac6B'B». OaB npoAOXxaerB: «IIo Moeay aaiaii), ecxa 
AtHOTBHTexBBo yAacTca BpoaaaayTB bb to, hto aoxao aaaaaTB Bay- 
TpeaaaMB apyroMB, caaseMB npaOxaaaTexBao ao 78^ c. m., a ecxa Taa^ 
aa caaoMB Atxi cya^eoTByeirB KaKoe*Ba6yAB Te^ieaie, to bco se» 
BcxiACTBie ryoToro xbab, eotophA AoxseaB 6htb bb btoA o6xaoTa^ 
oao ae hosctb aaiiB aaRaxoro Bxiaaia aa cyAao. Toxbko BHflAa a8B 
BToro xpyra a BCTynaai bb orapHTHe ABJi^Kie aaaaxH, taI xoab ae 
TaKi> nxoToaB, hu aosea'B aonsTaTB aa ce&b Bxiaaie TO^eaia, a TyTB 
soaeuo xoab oceaBD CsaaexB ToaBme, a noToay ae ctojib onacea^ 
Axa oyAHa. BipoaTHO ae aaoro XBAa BurbcaaeTca aapysy asB Bay- 
Tpeaaaro xpyra; xoab TavB cTaaoaaTca cTapme foab otb roAy a 
Toxme, xaxi tto no Bcefl sipoaTaocTa coaepmeaao npeaaToxayeTB 
Bcasoay ABBseaix) cyAaa. Bto totb caaHlt xoab, KOTopui aaABa- 
raica aa snaoBxy Hapeoa y ciaepaoft oxoae^aocTB CaarB-SyaAa 
npafixBBHTexBao nOAB 82^ 30*c. m.; totb caaufl xoab, ob KoropmrB 
6opoxca MapsrsMB bo apeaa caoefi no'i^sAKa aa caaaxB a npoxasB 
xoToparo ae MOxerB ycxoaTB aaxaKaa qexoBi^eoxaa oaxa». « 



190 . P70CK0B BOrATGTBO. 

Haxoi^Ri Bomeft ci S&^bs&ttu PHxapACB He npffAurB HHEasoro 
cepBessaro SHa^eHifl. 

«EciH OHH A'bficTBirejiBHo 6ujm uhijifiEU wb FpeuaHAiH, CRa- 
BBJTb owh, TO oHi Morm 6uTB saHecesH xy^a sa sb^Eitk hsi o6ia- 
CTeH no cociACTBy cb CHHTB-SyHAOifb h npnHaAxeaKaTB o^HOfi Ea-b 
aHepHsaHCKnx'B aRcneAHitiiff, OHapaseHHiirb ]iflsi cnacemfl TpHJiH*. 
BuTB Moserb nnmerii owb nhsfbe, AORjueflTU ^eioHra k pasHue 
Apyrie npeAtferu cl ^B^araeTTH, 6ujih cbsatsi o% co6ok)> KOTOpoio 
HB6yAB H3i BTHXi 8KcneABii,ift. OAsaEO PflxapACi ho roBopsTB Ha 
^eMi>, BMeHHO, oHi ocHOBUBaerB Tasoe upeAnoxoaseHie. 

HsBtcTHKfl 6oTaHnK'B, cdpi ^03601 Tysepi, BucKasajTB ojrlAyK)- 
mee b^ ^oKJiaxt reorpa^n^iecKOMy o6n^ecTBy: 

<nj[aHi A-p& EaHceea oqesB OTJifl^aeTCfl otb Boixii npoeETOBX, 
EOTopue Kor^a ahoo 6ujih npHBeAenu b% icaojHeHie noJEflpHuuH Bscjii- 
AOBaxejiflMfl h wb 8tom'b, pasyMteTCB, mosho ycifOTptTB HaH6oj('be HCHoe 
AosasaTejiBCTBO onaoHocrn TaRoro njiaBa... Ha ocHOsaniH Hoero Tpexii- 
jstTHflro onuTa bi aHTapRTnqecRHX'B oGjiacTHXTi a He jsjmslw), m:o6u 
oyAHO, RaR^ 6u oho hh 6him nocTpoeso, kofjo ^ojiro npoTHBOcroHiB 
paspymeHiK), ecjiH oho noABeprfieTCfl nanopy JEB^a b'b noJuipHoft o&iacTH. 
CyAHo, TaE'B RptnRo nocrpoeHHoe RaRi «Fram>, ROHe^HO, b'b cocroa- 
HiH 6yAeTB npoTHBOoroHTB cHJiBHOHy A&BJieHiH) CB060AH0 ABHsyn^arocfl 
jiBAa, HO OHO He mosotb aoju*o npoTHBOAMcTBOBaiB noBTopHUH'B Haao- 
paMi H en^e Menie MOserB npotaBOCTOHTB TOJuaMi jieAflHoft rjra6H, 
BMicTi CI ROTopon EJiH ^epesx ROTopyio OHO CyAorB ABHraTBCH. $opMa 
€Fram> tojibeo ao xix-B nopi 6yAeTB HjitTB SHaqenie, noRa cyAHo Aep- 
SHTCfl ropnaoHxajiBHo na JBAy, Hesna^HTeJiBHo BosBunianii^eMoa HaAi* 
noBepxHOGTBK) BOAU. Ho eciH f Frain> OyAers HaxoAHTBca iieiKAy ibab- 
Hoft H a&cfieproM'B bjth se noABeprneTCH nanopy no jsawbA^ to $opHa 
cyAHa yse ne HnierB hh irajitflinaro SHa^^eHiai. 

Aase 6cjih5u «Fram» npHnecxo R'b deperaiTB rpenjiaHAiH hjih r'b 
anepHRaHCRHirB nojuipnuMi ocipoBaHi h ORasaiooB 611 BOSHOSHUifB 
BHcaAHTBCfl, TO Bce se, no MHinii) FyRepa, nirB HHRaRHX'B maHCOBi na 
Doaceflie, B'B BHAy Toro, >ito SRHnasi cyAna 6yAeTB, rohohho, o^ohb 
ocjiadjeHi H yueHBmeHi bi ^ECJii, h ho EAisfiVb cnaceniH na 6epery, 
BipoHTHO, coBepmeHBO noKpuTOiTB jiBAOMi, HXE Ha JieAHHiix'B ropax'B 
dToro najeORpHCTHHecRaro (t. e. HanojiHeHHaro JOAflHUMH rjni6aKn) 
MopH. ^SarbHi, npanaxu ih HaHcesoKi HaA^esan^HirB ofipasoMi bo 
BBEManie, — Rpoul oRop6yTa, npoTEBi ROToparo hu ne o6jiaAaeHi 

HERaRBHE BtpHUME CpOACTBaifE, E BCi APy^iH yrBeTanm^lfl BJliflHifl 

Ha HacTpoenie Ay^a BRHuasa? IIoAyMajrB-iH owb 060 Botxi nocjitA- 
CTBiBXi, ROTopBifl BJie^OTB 8a C06010 Ao^roBpeMeHHoe saRjinwHie b'b 

. ySROVB npOCTpaECTB*]^ B'B np0A0JBE3ReHiE HEOFEX'B MtCflIl[eB'B nOCTOflH- 

HOB TBHH, CTpamsafl cTy»a, desAtaieABHocTB, nocTOHHHSfl oaacHocTH 
H BeoTCTynno apecA'^Aynn^afl hucjib o HeB3BtcTH0Hi» dyAyu^eicB? IIo- 

(JoqflBIB' SaHHTia E OSaSaHHOOTfl He BI COeTOHBlE npOTEBOAtflCTBOBBTB 

paspymBTeiBHOHy BiiaHiD axEXi ycjioBift, ohh eABan A&^Re cMHrnaDTB 



GFBAH HOV H XLAA. 191 

WO BiuiHie, oKopie jsfixe- yoEUBaDTL ero. SI ho c^Hiaio hobosiios- 
HHiTBi vto A-P^ HaHceffB, HMtfl vb OBoeHi pacnopflseHiH Boi cpe^- 
OTBSy AOCTHrHeTL CBoeS i^H, HO laxosy, vto js,Bxe cqaoTusHft hc- 
xojiib TaKoro Dpexflpumii ho . hosotb onpaBAaxb craBSH na Kapxy 
^rroASBxii i^iHHKxi ^eioBi^eoKErL SH3He&.> 

renepan Fpun h8i» AxepiiKE, npeABOAHToiB h3b%othoS lec^acT- 
Hofi escne^iBiuH (1881 — 84), nanHcas'L oraTBK) bi* anepHKaHCKOirb syp- 
sajrb «The Forum» (ABryon 1891) rjsfk, ves^y npoqHin>, roBopHToa: 
«A c^BxaiD ooBepmeHHO hobosmoshiim'b, Tro6H niaHi A-p& Hasce^a 
xorb BcipiTHTB KaKy]0-JDi6o noAnepacsy Hn A^^e oAo6peHie. Mai 

XaSeTGH, ^TO 8T0TB BJiaHl OOHOBUBaOTCfl Ha JLOXRUTb npOAOTaBJiefli^X'B 

^asTB^ecEHxi ycioBiflX'B wb nojiflpHux'L oGjiacTflxi; h ecjiH j^b^vlq 
6jA&rb npHBOAeH'B bi HcnoraeHie^ to pesyjiBTaTH ero oEasyrcfl fies* 
nojiesHH, HO roBopa o toitb, ^to y^acTHBKaii'B SRcneAHi^iH 6yAyT'b 

nOCTOflHHO rpOSHOrB CMOpTB H CTpaAaBifl. HaCKOJIBKO HHt bsb^ctho, 

HaHcoHi HO npioGpki'b eme HBKaKoro apKTHnecRaro oauTa. Ero nyxe- 
jneoTBie no rpeHJiaHAiH, xota h o^ohb Tpy^Hoe, mosbtb ctojiBSo se 
cuTaTBCfl nojupHUMi A'^JioiTb (polar work), Rasi r BOcxosAeiie na 
ropy CB. HjiiE. Comshtojebho, itq6u KaKofi HH6yAB rHAporpa$i> craji'b 
HsepBosHO oGcysA&TB ero Teopis) nojflpHHX'b TeqeBiE hjie ho Kasott be- 
<SyAB nojiflpHuft nyxemecTBeBHBK'B oomacHJicfl 6u npflVKflyrB ki» ero 
npooKTy. EoTB, ROfle^HO, jidah, apRrnqecRifi onuTb ROTopEixi> BacroJiBRO 
BejULRi», mio ecj[fl6u obh otbjie noAAepsHBaTB npooRTB HaHceBa, xoth 

^U TOIBRO MiBBBIDHHCTBOM'B, TO 8T0 SaCTaBHlO 6u 0TE60TBCB Rl> HBHy 

00 BHEiiaHieirB sl AOBlpieMi. dn jik>ab: aAMBpajm MaR-b Kjehtokss 
PExapAOi, KojuEHSOH'b H Hapeoi, xaRse RaRi h RaaBTasi MapR- 
raiTB vh aHFjiifioROMi ^JLorb, capi Ajuohi JOnn b Jlefi Cmeti — 
Sl ' AnrjiiE, KonAysi — vb repnaHiH, Uafiepi— bi> ABCipifl, Hop^eH* 
msiBATi — Bi niBeiiiH H MejiBBEJUB — y sacrb. SI, se zojiebABCh, yrsep- 
SAaD, ^To He HaftAeToa AByxi ^ejioBtei h3i bthxi nyremeoTBeH- 
HHROFB, ROTOpne 6u nOBlpEJIH Vb BO3MOSE0CTB ooyntecTBJueHifl nepBo- 
Ha^aJEbHOft MHCJiH HaHCOBa, — doctportb cyAHo, ROTopoe fl cocToaEii 
^ujLo 6u npoAepsaTBCH bi apRTsqecRsx'B jiBAaxi, ^epesi ROTopue 
owb HaMipeHi coBepmsTB cBoe nyTemecTBie. Biopafl Mucjn> HaHcesa 
en^e OMiJEle. Osa npeAnojiaraerB cymecTBOBaHie Te^eHlB, HHtiomaro 
npoTExeHle fioiie "vkm 2,000 HopcRBXi ueil no npHHOB jibbIe h 
HAyn^&ro repeal HeBBBicTEyD ofijiacTB. IlyTB no eiouy TeqeBii) npo- 
AOJDiETCfl ABa roAa bie CoJite, e bo Bce aro BpeMfl aRcnoABi^ifl, 3axBa- 
THBmaa cvb co6ox) tojibro jioare, 6yAerB setb Ba jQ»AHHi, ci ROTopoD 
BvAffA H ooBepmETB cBoe nxaBaEie>. 

FeHepafli FpHJiH BaiiirB yRaBUBaerB Ha oniE6oqEHfl npeAnoio- 
senifl, BOCTaBJieHfliifl bi ocEOsy Mcero uaHa. OTBOCETejibHO naxoARE 
Ben^eft orb S^HBeTTH, oh'b npaMo saaBJuieTb, tto ne B^pHTb 8T0My. 

cBipoflTEo 6ujL0 HafiA^HO Rott-RaRoe njiaByqee BHyn^ecTBO, ho 
fiiaropasyMHte npoAoojiosHTb, tto 8te Ben^E npnHaAJiesajia «Proteus>» 
HorH6meMy vb CHETb-SyHAi npEfijiEdHTeJibEO orojio 1000 MopcREX^b 



192 PyCCKOS BOriTCTBO. 

MUL Ri cisepy oti K)JiiaHra6a... JliBjAe Basso saiiiTiiTB, ^ro eeiA 
8TH Bemi aUotbht6I£ho iipHHaAXdsaTB JKaHHorrt, to RpaTuftmitt 
nyrb ^epesi nojroci 6yAeTB ho baojib booto^hhx'b 6eperoB% TpeH-^ 
jsaHAiH, a no RaHajry ReHHexH, ^epesi CuMTh-QjoKb e Ba4N[»HH0B:b 
sasHBi — fOTb camifi nyrB, rotophS ciiAyen npsHflTB, eoiH npissaTK 
niasynie npeAMOTs npHBaAJiesaiUHifH npoTeycy». 

El caifoiiy nojuocy vu le Mosen noAOiTH Ha Cibskoo pascros-^ 
Hie,— roBopBTB rpHJTH. «Mh sHaeifi laKxe BipHo, KaR'B CyAio caiiH 

8T0 BHA^E, miO Vb 8THX'L HeESBtOTHilZl OTpaHBX'B KaXOAHTOfl 06- 

nmpHaa aevjui, cjtysan^aii RoiuGeni) uoorhx'b afio6eproBi hjoi 
na;^eoKpBCTH^ecRaro ibAa». Bi BToft to oTpani, noRpiiToft noTqepaiiH^ 
hmIdd^hmh, no ero HH'bHii), 6ojrbe 300 HopcRHX'B hhib vb Ai&verpk 
h OTCHJiaDn^HMH afic6eprH vb FpeHJiaHxiD h 36hid ^pani^a-IocH^a *)^ 
H AOiseHi iiesaTB nojiixrb. 

<?T0 xe KacasTCfl HepaspyniHMaro cyAHa, roBopHTB PpHiH, to» 
pasyirbeTCfl, aaha-P^ HaHCSHa 8to 6wiO 6a o^OHb seJiaiejiBHO^. Ha 
FpBJiH AyKaen, OAHaRo, qro Tanoe oyAHO BucrpoHTb Hejib3fl. c^'P*^ 
HaHCOHi), o^BBHAHo, npoAnojiaraeTB, vro Bonpoci o boshoxhooth no« 
orpoftEH TaRoro oyAHa, ROTopoe Morjio 6h ORaaaTb HaH(yojibmee conpo-- 
TEBJEOHie Hanopy jubab, ao chx'b nopi eme ho pasptmeH'b, xoni rh- 
TOJioBHUfl o6nieGTBa bi moTJiaHAiH h wb Hbi)-<^ayHAJieHAt HCTpaTHJiii 

Cb STOD UlkJLblO COTHH TUCflTb AOJliapOBl». 

FpHJiH onHpaerciL Ha aBTopHrerb MexbBHJur, roBopa: cKasA^vi^ 
apRTH^ecRift uyTemecTBeHHHR'B, o6j[aAaK)nu& onuxHOCTbi), conacHTca 
00 BsrjuiAatfH MejibBHjrfl, ^to ocjih Aase cyAHO fiyAOTb BHcrpoeno h81. 
OAHoro TOJiBRo AopoBa, TO OHO BoeraRH He vb cooTOflHiH 6yAerB bh^ 
AepacaTb ABBJieHie orpoMHHX'b nojupHHX'B jibaobi^. Bospasaa npoTHBi 
Moero saflBJieBifl, ^no jioa'b baojib cH6HpcRaro 6epera cpaBHHTeiBHO 

TOHORl (2 — 3 HOTpa), TpHJIE CHOBa I^HTBpyerB MeJIBBHJIfl, ROTOpilft 
rOBOpHTB JTBAHHaXl BilCOTOD BB 16 tfOTpOB'B (^OrO HU HO BCTpb- 

qaJiH HH pasy na BoeirB CBoeirB nyTB). ^ORasaB'B caniiMB pinrHren- 
HuiCB ofipasoHB, nro <Fram» Henpeii'bHHO aoj^vohb norafiHyTB, RaRTB 
ToibKO noABeprHeTCH nanopy JBAa, TpejiH roBopHTB A^Ji^nie o ho- 

BOSMOaROOCTH ABHraTBCfl BMiOli CO JIBAOlfB BB JSOARaXB. CbOD CTaTBIX 

FpHJiH saRHflqHBaeTB GjfbAynn^BVB saui^aHieirB: 

cApRTHHecRifl 8RcneAHAiH, opraHHBOBaHHHa o6iiqHuiiH cnoco6aMH, 
nacToxBRo onacnu h gtojibro Tpe6yiorB 6e3yMHoft oTBarn, hto nesa- 
qiicB eni^e npH6aBJiflTB rb hhhb hoboo fipeiiH, wb bha^ neJiornqHaro 
njiaaa cairoyHHqToseHifl, opeACTaBJieHBaro AORTopOHB HanceHOHB*. 

Bb GTaTBt, HannoaHHoS TpHJiH nocjii Hamero BosBpasieHiH bb 
< Harper's Weekly >, ohb, noBBABMOMy, npBmejiB ri 3aRjix>qeHi]D^ hto 
sen^H CB ^aHHeTTu A'^flCTBHTOJiBHo noAJiHHHiia H ^TO Moe npeAOOJio- 



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(JIpodoAMeHie Mthdyemi). 



*) Beport on the Expedition of 1875—76 (London 1877). Ecjra a ho yno- 
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200 P7CCK0B BOriTGTBO. 

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Mipi npesAeBpeMeHHUME. B% Apyron i^^crk***) hbm% cjiyqEjiocB 
noApo6Eo RooEyiBca oaeofo esi anESOAOBi*, nu^vimjiiy* oTHomeHie &!> 

OBOfiOAi BU6opOFB Vh ERaTepBSEEGRyH) KOHMECCiR), E MU HOSBOJIEM'B 



*)-B. GeprbeBHVb, Zoxi^Jh e HBCiitAOBaDifl no HCTopiH pyccsaro npasa, h8a- 
1883 r., n. n, c. 790-1. 

**) U. J^HTflTHH'B, GTaTfcH HO HCTopiH pyecR&FO iipBBa, Cn5. 1896, c. 343. 
***) Kii RCTopin H^SHHCK&ro nojoa, Cn6. 1896, c. 25-^39. 



ABOPflHGKlfi JUBUBlSfLarb BKATl^PHHHHGROft &nOXH. 201 

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Apyrb y Apyra cboh HaEasH, — BOrB RaKia hoapoCbooth mbi aojisbh 



*) CeopBHE* Hun. P. HcT. 06I^ec^Ba, t. 93, Cn6. 1894. 



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npHHHMajm k% cepAi^T HHTepecH canaro yrHeTeHHaro imacca h, bu- 
orynaa trt jtoKoft KpHTHKoft Bcii'B cymecTBeaHHxi ochobi coBpeMBH- 
Haro uwb cTpofl, rjiaBHue y^apu ea HanpaBJUUiH hmohho na yciaHO- 

BHBIDiuca CRJiaifB COI^iaJIbHKEX'B OTHOQieHifl. 

CauuM-b BHAHUMi H RpynHUMi ji%flTejieui> Btopoft fl3i> ysasaHEHxi* 
rpynni 6uji'b, HecoMH'J^HHO, III|ep6aT0B^, nsiBC'ix'B nHcareiieH AaHHoit 
»nop£i HanSoite sacjiysHBmiS HasBaHie ^BopaHCEaro ny6jiEi;HCTa. Bi 
noGJi'iAHee Bpena oahhm'l esi> ero noTOMSoBi npoAnpHHATO HSAaaie 
nonaro co6paHifl ero co^HHeaifi *). Ilojibsyacb ^aciBS) BUfflOAinHM^ 
Bi CBiTB nepBMMX TO HO Ml dTOFO HSAafiia, ^acTBH) HaneqaTaHHUMH 
paste ero npos36e;(eEiaMH, mu xoTtjia 6bi bi npe^tiax-b Hacroamett 
craTbQ noauTaiBca BUBecTH nepeAi> ^HTaiejiaMH bi> rAaBQUxi qepiaxi 
o6jihki cypoBaro h crpacraaro RpaTERa pyccRofi xchbhh ERatepaaBH- 
ORoS uopH CB To^u^a aptaia ABopaacRax'B flHiepecoB'B. CqaTacMi ae- 
aramaHiTB oroBopHiBca, qro, aaxepecyacb wb j^aaaoHi* cjoy^iat II]|ep6a- 
TOBUM'bs acKJiioqaTeJbBo KaRi) nyCjim^HCToirb, mu ae aaittpeau RacaTbca 
HH ero ofimaxi acTopa^ecKHX^ BsoaAOBx, aa aaaqeaia ero Tpy^OBi 
aa noqat pyccRoft aoTopia **). 

Ho npesAo, t^mii ofipaxaTbca Ri aeaocpe^^cTBeaaofi oaoea Tent, 
t^aaaReMi eaie Aaa cioaa o toui> bobom'b HSAaaia coqaaeaid U]^ep6aT0Ba, 
KOTopuiTb Hau'b npa^^eTca nojibq^Baibca bi> AaJ^^Htdffleifb asjioxeaiH. 
Ob Batioaefi cTopoau Buine;^iuifi yace bi cBiT'b nepBuii TOMb ero 
asAaF^ npeRpacao. Kpout MBtaiA(<rojiocoB'b»), noAaBaBoiHXcallJ^ep- 
fiaTOBUMi Bi ERaTopaaaacRofl KoMaccia, n-h aeai aaneiaraao abI^ 
HaAmaTb npoB3Be;^eaifi nyfijiH^acTuqecRaro xapaRxepa, bt> rowb qacjit 
aicROJibRo BnepBue noaajiaiOiiiBxca b-b catri, MesAy npoqaa^, oco 
fieaao Kpyuaoe no pasatpaM-b <nyTemecTBie bi aeajiio 0<j[)BpcRyK)», 
H TaKHMi} oCp^owb AJa jiaii;^, aaxepecyiomaxca dxofi anoxofi, BacToaa],ee 
aSAaaie npeACTaBJiaerb aaxaoe npio6p:bTeaie. Moxao noacaiitTb oAaaRo, 
wo peAaKTOpi asAaaia ae noipyABJica atcROJibRo oScToaTeJibate bu- 
acBHTb njiaai ero, TaR^ RaRi* oabo ae coBcba'b tohboo 3arjiaBle: «no- 
jiBToqecRia Go<iaaeBia», npaAaaaoe nepBoay Toay, ae o6^&cHaeTh eaie, 
iioqeay b^l aero ae bootjeb atROTopua Bnj5,Kua ny6jiai^acTB(ie€Ria pa6oTU. 
mepSaTOB^ uoqxa ae ocxaaajTb nocjut ce6a ^hcto TeopeiaqecEaxi 
xpyAOBi> no nojuaxBRt a dojibmeio qacxbio cbob oOniie nojraxaqecKie 
BsrjiaAbr BucRasiiBaAi) no noBOAy xeRymaxi coSbixifi aia acT(;paqe- 
cRaxx ^aRTOB^. Bi* oxoirb oxaom.eaia cb fiojibmaacTBoii'b ero xpyAOBi, 
BSAaaaHxii xenepb wb nepBonx xoai, catio Horyi'b 6uTb coaooiaBJieau 
xaaia padoxu, RaBi <0 noBpe^A^BiH apasoBi bt> Pocctai, «IlBCbMO 
Rii BejibMOScaM'b-apaBBxejiaif'b rooyAapcxBa» ajia ^OnpaBAaaie uoa^^i* 



*) CoquBeaia rbrsr M. M. II];ep6aT0Ba. Tom'b I. IIoa% pexaRiaeil H. U. 
Xpyn^oBa. HsAanie kb. B. C. II];ep6aT0Ba. Cu6. 1^96. 

**; Ou'tBBy Toro a Apyroro iHTaiejb Moaerb Baflxa Bt CTaTBjix'b n. H. 
MHjuoKOBa: <rj[aBaiia xeqeaifl pyccKofi ucTopn^ecKoA Mucsa XYUI u ZIX 
tJToafcTifl*, PyccK. Mhcjib, 1893, *>&J<i 5, 7 a 9. 



ABOPAHCKiS nyBiHiiHcrrb ESATSPHHiiHcsot anoxH. 20S 

Huejie&»^ He HameAinifl oe6t iiicTa s^tcB. PeAasTopi He nosafioTHios 

BMicrt 01 T&MBH JOiaHOBSTb XpOHOJIOriD H3AaHHUZ'B HM'B C0HBH6Hii^ 

xoTH no oTHomeHii) ko MiorHvi hsi hbxi» 8to He npeAoraBJuuo 
oepBe3Huxi> aaipyAHeHit. Bi dtomi OTHomeHiH bb HacTonn^eMi H3Aa- 
HiE eoTb jifioae HeapiflTHuft sypBes'B: H3BicTHoe cPaBcysA^Hie o hh- 
HimHeifb BB 1787 r. roji[OAi» bi» orjiaBieHiH OTMiqeno 1778 r., a 
El Teson A<^se 1878 r. To h Apyroe, soho^ho, ho 6oxfae, juikb ao- 
caAHUfl one^aTKH, ho npn 6o3a>me^ BHHMaTOJiBHocTH hxb hosho 6£uo 
BsgisaTB. Bb kohi^ HSAaHiH, saKB cootin^aeTB peAaKTopi, npoAooia- 
raerofl 6iorpa4[>ui asTopa. Hajoio HaAtflTBoa, qio bi hoS 6yAyTB 
HonpaBieHU omH6KH 6irjiofl reHeaiorHqeoRoft cnpaBKH, npeAmecTBj- 
DmeH HaoTOflntOHy Tovy. S^icB hosaj npo^HMB roBopHTOH, tig y 
H. M. II](ep6aT0Ba 6iurB oahh'b oiih'b h meciB AO^epefi, h8b nHOBMa 
se oaHoro II(ep6aT0Ba uu SHaem, hto y nero bb 1773 r. 61110 
xeBflTB ^eioBisB A^iefi *). Boo6ii^e, seJias cKopiflmaro noABJieHbi 
AasBH&itiinixB tomobb Hamaro HSAanifl, npHxoxHTCii, Easerca, npn-* 
ooeAVHHTB EB aTOHy HOseJiaHie, 7ro6ii npH bxb o6pa6oTirik peAaEi^ia 
o6HapysHj[a hIceojibeo fioiie HHiepeca k'b npHHflTOHy na ceCa jsjkMj.. 



Bb nqnot asHSHH II][ep5aT0Ba ih)6ohiiIthumb o6pa30HB orpasHnoB 
KHoriH xapaETepHEifl ^cepru TOtt ofin^ecTBenHoft cpeAS, eb soropoft oh'b 
HpHHaAiexajTB. He nepeosaauBafl s^bcB ero 6iorpa4>iH, uu HauoMHHMB 
TOJiBEo Havfioiie HHrepecHue ea ^aETu, uorymie nparoABTBoa juju 
yaoaeaia xapasrepa ero iBTepaTypaofi a^tojibhooth. $aMHjiia Eaaseft 
II](ep6aT0BHXB boaotb cBoe npoHcxoaKAeaie, ^epesB Enasa ^epaaroB-^ 
OEaro Haxaaifa, otb Pupaaa. Bb paAaxB MOCEOBCEott saaia DTa $a* 
MHxia ae arpaia, OAaaso, oco6eHao sair&THOt a BUAaDnieflca poxa^ 
6yAy?a OTOABHayra aa ^Topoft niaa'B 6ojiie cqacTjraBUMB poAava, a 
ea ^eau, xoxa a CBAtxa bb MOcsoBcsoft Ayni, ao ae noAHaMajHOB 
BHme naa ^OEoiBHH^aro. BocenHaAi^aTufi aisi* cb ero ypaBaeaieirB 
oiysaiBrxB aK>Aet bb oabomb cocJioBia cmiaxercTBai eme fojrfce no-^ 
HBsaiB saaqeaie II][ep6aT0BUXB, ae nonasipaxB bb ^bcjio i^xb <ojiy- 
^afiauxB> ^aaaiift, aoTopuaa rasB 6oraTO 6uje[0 XYIII croiibTie, a 
BMd^cTt ae BUABHayBmaxca bb aepsue paAu cjiyaEe6auxB Ataiejieft. 
X^Ai nHoaiaiia, ee. K)pift OeAopoaa^B II(ep6aT0BB, BoeaaxB bbl 
nerpOBCEaxB noxsaxB bo apeaa CiBepaoft boShh, botohb saBtAUBaaB 
EBpaa^ainia daBOAaaa bb IleTepfiypri, cMtaajrB cTapaaaufi ^eww 
OEOiBaaqaro aa HOBuft — dparaAepa a bb 1730 r. nociparca bb Moc- 
EBb bb MoaaxB. Ero ouhb MaxaBjiB 6ujib tpasAH seaaTB, Bufiapas 

Ce6i HOBtCTB TO H8B ABOpHHCTSa CpeABOtt pyEB, TO B8B TaEOB-SO HO- 

nepBOCTdueBHOft BHaTB, EB EBEoK npaaaAJtesajiB cavB; AOCJtyiKBBinaoB 



'^) JIlTonHca pyccB. iBxepaTypu h ApeBBOCTH, hba. H. THX0BpaB0BUM«( 
T. IV, 18Q2, CMioB, 0. 36— a 



206 P7CCK0E BOrATOTBO. 

HO reHepaJTB-HaftopcKaro «Ha, oki jMepi rySepnaTopoHx wh ApxaE- 
renosi. Oti 6paKa ero Ha RHaacHt CoJUHo^eBoi-SaciKirHofi e po- 
;iHicfl 22 iipHfl 1733 r. M^x. Mhx. II]jep6aT0B'B, 6jji,jm,\S. ncropHKi 
H nyGjiHi^Hcriv Uepeoe BocaHTaeie h o6pa30BaHie ohi» noiyqHJii bi 
poAHTejiLCROMi Aovb H jso oqeHB paso Haiajrb o6fl3aTeJibflyit> bi> to 
BpeMflAJUiBcflsaro ABopflHHHacj[ys6y,BCTynHB% HMeHHo bi1746 r. vb 
rBapAeficKitt CexeHOBCEifi nojisx; ci ($oj[BmoD BipoflTHocTsn mosho 
npeAaoiaraTB, n.To Ha nepBHX'B nopax'L STa ojiy»6a no ycraHOBHB- 
meHycfl Tor^a cpoAH ABopflHCTBa h TepniBmeHyGH npasHrejiBCTBOM'B 
oduHan 6uR2k ^hkthbhoid. B'b 1761 r. owb 6hVL% oBOHSBeAeH'L b'b 
nepBfiift o^i^epoKift ^hhi, a vb ejth]i,jvimfiwb ro^y BOcnojiBSOBaJica 

VaHB^eOTOBTb BOJIBHOCTH ABOpflHCTBa H BUmOJI'B Bl OTeTaBKy (yb ^H- 

BOiTB saQHTaHa, sa Tpn ir&ofli](a ao npoHSBeAOHHaro EKaTepHHon nepe- 
BOpoTa. Korj^a HOBaa HifnepaTpni^a cOBsajia Komkhcuo j^ui cooraBneHifl 
npooRTa HOBaro yxosoHifl, rh. II(ep6aT0Bi» uphhhjtb A'^TejbHoe 
yqaorie vb cooraBJieHiE HaRasa Aenyraiy orb ^BopflHi MOCROBCsaro 
y'bsAa, cam* Guji'l HsGpaHi B'B AenyxaTU apocjiaBCRHirB abophhctboh^ 
H sa Bpeufl'j^ScTBii KommhccIh saflBHi'L ce6fl oAHHirB h31 HaH6ojr&e 
eHeprHqHUX-b ea yqacTHBROBi h opaTopoBi. Orojlo btofo se BpesieHH 
offB BHOBB BGtynHJi'B Ha cj[[ys6y: bi 1767 r. ovb 6ha% noasaxoBaHi 
Bi RaHepi-K)HRepiii, bb ejiijij«imfiwb TOKf HasHaqevB npEcyTCXBOBaTb 

Bl ROHMHCCiH H ROMHepi^H, a sarbiTB HOCrbAOBaTeiBHO SaHHMaJIl j^ojix- 

HOCTH repojiBAM^ftcTepa, apesHAeHTa RaMepB-RoiJieriH h oeHaiopa. 
He CMOTpa Ha to, ^to ero JiHqHaA cjrysfia bch npomjia TaRHMi* o6pa- 
BOHi Vb i^eHTpi rocyxapcTBa, eiry npHxoAHJiocB hm^tb 6;B3Rifl cjiy- 
»e6HHfl se OTHomeHiH n kt> npoBHHi^iajiBHod aAHHHHcrpai^iH; TaRi, 
Vb 1784 r. OH^ SHI'S nocjiavB HSCJitAOBaTB sjioyaoTpefiieHifl Tor^a 
yxe noRoSHaro rp. P. JIap. Boponi^oBa no yopasjieHiH) BJnaAHHip- 

CRHMl HaMiCTHEqeCTBOirB H OTKpBIJI'B MaCCy BSflTOKl H ^pyrHXl H31- 

flHOBi> B'B dTOiTB ynpaBiOBiH. Cjiy»6a Ha btexii, ^obojibho boo se 
BHAHiixi, Htotaxi He uimajia nijepfiaTOBy HonuTUBaTB Qijijf anajio- 
imvjiD (n> TOK), OTB RaROH CTpa^aia Haoca TorAamflflro ^BopflHCTBa. 
Fojs,'b mjepdaTOBuxii B'B npeAmecTBOBaBmift nepioA^ He co6paii> ooo- 
6eHH0 BHaqflTejiBHSiX'B CoraTCTBi, xoth h ho npHHaAi6saii> Ri oqenb 
Gijivawb; bo bcarohi* ciyqa'b, M. M. U^eptiaTOBi, Hir&i fioiBmyx) ceMBio 

H CHHTafl HySHUMl B6CTH SH8HB, «COBlc4oTHyX) CB CBOHITB COCTOflHieBTb*, 

He HorB yAOBieTBopHTBCfl HH AoxoAOMi CB HacjTbACTBeHHBixi Aope- 
BOHB, HH nojryqaeiiHMi na ciysfit saioBaHBeHi* h Bomen B'B 6oja- 
mie jsfiiTE. GpeAGTBo, ynoTpe6jieHHoe hmi, htoSh hsShtb DTy 6tAyi 
OHHTB npHHa^iesajio B'B qnojiy ofiuqHiix'B bi tomb nepiOAi. Bi 1773 r. 

OffB 06paTHJICfl (TB JIIOfiOIIHTHMM'B HHCBMOITB RB cMOHapXHHt, COOAH- 

Hflnn^efl RaqecTBa sejiHRaro rocyAapa n RaqecTBaHH Beusaro $hio- 
vo$a>. Coo6niaa ERaTepEH'b, qxo owb nasHAB 6oiie 40.000 p. AOJiry, 
oHi oosHaBaica, qxo hofb 6u ynjiaTHTB ero, cooRpaTa ce6fl h a'^to^ 
CB0HX'B», H npafiaBiajTB, hto, tsHaa cocToaaie qejioBiqecRoe h He 
tuvb JODfiBiejiB pocRoniH, He OTpoRca 6u h cavoe cie hchoahhtb, 



ABOFHHCKlS nySIHItHCTB BRATEPHHHHCKOft dflOXH. 207 

^cjii6h He onacaxei!^ ^ro oie Mosen BoonperHTB xsi ji^BWb cbohitl 
HysHoe BocHHTaHie a^tb h otBieqH o'n>oj[ys6i2>; bi> bha7 nociLtAHflro 
eoo6pax6Hiii owh npooHjTb HMnepaTpHAy <o6hobbtb oocroAHie yaaAa- 
mnjBkTO poAa> OBoen muootbd. IIpocBfia era 6£Lia npHiuiTa iTHJiocTirBo 
H, Hi^o noiaraTB, noiy^Ma &saronpfarrHoe A^flea aBTopaplmeHid *). 
Ho 6uAh Vb SH3HH IQjepfiaTOBa h ^epTa, pdteRo OTraqaBmaa ero 
on rpovaj^aro 6omnHHGTBa ero coBpeiieHHHKOB'B. nojiynBi en^e b^ 
DHocTHi noBHAHMOtfy, xopomde o6pa30BaHi6, owh h bi> sptjiue ro^H 
npoAOJisaix Msoro h ycepAHO saEHMaTbea. Ohi coeraBHjrB ce6i BecBMa 
3Ha^aTej[BHyD no pa3MipaH'B 6H6jii0TeKy, saKJiioqaBmyx) ao 15.000 

TOMOBX, TmaieJIBHO djAwiJL'b 8a eBpOneftOKOft JIHTepaTypOfi, BRHMaTOJIBHO 

Haynafl npoHSBeAenifl KopH^esi npocBtTHreJiBHofi ^HJioco^iH, s ab- 
jUJica OAHHiTB HS'B HaflCoiie o6pa80BaaH£rx'B s EaqHraHHUxi jiDAeft 
pyoosaro o6iiieeTBa EsaTepiEHHccaro BpeMOHH. Co6oTBeHH£ifl ero 3a- 
Haxifl jiHTepaTypoft nonura b'b A^yx'B nanpaBJieHiflX'B, cocpeAOTo?HB- 
niHOB Ha BCTopiH H ny6jiHip[CTHRi. Ha^aBX o% saHflTifi BpeueHeMB 
neTpa I, owb nepemejft'B saTiirb rt* nsoaHiio oOmefl pyccRoft BciopiH. 
?To RaoaeTCfl ero nyfijnmHCTH^ecRnx'B pa6orb, to nepBU^ toi^okx vh 

HIM'B "JlfikVb dBUl, nOBHj^BMOMy, COSIIBOM'B H J^flTOJIBHOCTBlO KoM- 

iiEoeiH jsfla cocraaseHia aoBaro yjioseaia. A'^TejibHocTb ero aa no- 
opiin^ ny6jifli(HCTa, upHaaBinaa ocoGeaao saaqaTeiBaue paaifipu (tb 
ROHi^a ceMHAecaTHX'B rojiowb a ae apeRpamaBmaaoa ao caMofi ero 
ctfepTE, nocjTbAOBaBmett wh 1790 r., oxBaTUBaia BOCBua mapoRiS RpyrB 
BoopocoB'B: o6mia aanajia rooyjiapcTBeaaaro npaea a npaataeaie 
jsxb Kb Poccia^ aojEOseaie uepRsa bb rooyAapcTBt, Bsaaaasia otbo- 
mesia cocjiiobhkx'b rpynn'B a hxb npaaa nepeAi* BJiacrbio, Bonpoou 
oyxa a ynpaBJieaia, Batmaaa nojiBTHRa apaBaTejn»cTBa bb pa^i;^ ot- 
A^auxB cjiyqaeBB, npaRTBRa peRpytcRaxi aaeopoBB, aapoARoe 
o6pa80Baate, roiOAOBRa a npaBHTeuBCTBeaaiia HiponpiaTia rb bxb 
npeRpan^eaii), H'l^pn npoTHBB dnaAeiiiS — xaROBU Jiamb BasaMmia 
B8B pasaoofipasBBixB TeiTB, saTpoayTUXB bb ero co^aaeaiaxB. Iloqia 
aa Bcaayio Rpynayio Mpy npaaarejiBCTBa ERaTepaau, hottb aa act 
cTopoau oSmecTBeaaofi sasaa otipymaBajiacB ero pisRaa, aeptARO 
HdSKQ sejiqaaa a npaAapqaaaa RpaTaaa. Cbok) sa^aqy, RaBB ny6jia- 
igiCTa, BB pa86opi araxB BoapoooBB obb ^^opayAapoBaiB npa droitB 
Bnoxai coaaaTejiBBO a TO^ao. Obb oxotho totobb 6iiJrB npasaatB, 
^TO BB yRopaxB, CB RaRaaa obb oCpamajioa rb ooBpeaeaHOii eay 
AtlioTBHTeJiBBOGTai eoTB «aiROTopoe aerepntaie a qyacTfiaTOJiBHocTb, 
iipoacxoflan^ia otb jnoCaa vh 0TeqecTBy»; (tb flpyroft cxopoaw, <a*TB 
Haqero jierqe, aaRB ' MoiqaxB^, ao toxbro bb btohb MOiqaais ohb 
BaaiiB fCJiaSooTB, joctb, aeyqacxie o noJiBsi 6jiHaaaro a noAJioe 
noAo6ocTpacTie»; <a noaese, saaJOoqajiB owb, aioTB qejioataa, roto- 
put 6h ae noABeprayTB aopoay 6biJiB, to a a aoqaTas) sa Jiyqniee 



*) MvonHCH P76CX. JiHTepaTypH a AP^Baocni, IV, 1862, cifl^b, 36—8, 
TyvB se 6jiaFonpiaTaHi o««frn> KosracBaFO. 



208 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

ocraTBCfl npH Moeirb nopoKi, HeseiH safiuTB oTe^ecTBO, He 6hm> 

^yBCTBBTejBHOHJ Kl TflrOCTflU'b 6j[HSHflrO, 2raTB H81> JieCTH H 

iro;i;jio pa6ojr&aoTBOBaTb> *). TaRoe acHoe cosHaHie HeofixoAHMocTH h 

SaSOHHOCTH 0BO60ABOfi, XOTfl 6u H CTpaOTHOfl, pl^H HO BOM'bniaiO^ 

EaKi» MH jse jnoKHHajirE, pt^H rh. IE(ep6aT0Ba ocTaTbOH no mohl- 
mefl Hipb ho ^epesqyp'B rpoMsofi. Ero nyOiHipECTHqecKifl coqnBeHifl 

He BUXOAHJDI Vb CBtTB HpH aSHSHH dBTOpa H 6uiH HBBi^CTHU JlflOIB. 

He6ojB[Lnio]f7 spysBj ero 6j[EsafimHxi» SHaBOMHXi h npifliejiefi; bx ne- 
qaiE se OHH oraiH noHBJUiTBCfl ihoib cb nflTHAecsTuxi ro^OBi na- 
mero orojrfaTifl. 

HTBS.'b, BHaTHoe npoEoxosAOHie, qepesib moceobckhxi okojlbhh- 
HEXi Booxoj^m^ee ri jAiiBHOHj BHflsecBOMy poATy TicHan cbbsb gi^ 
ciysHJiinrB e HOnioTHiiirB ABopHHOTBOifB XYm Bi^Ra, 6j[H3K0e 8Ha- 
romgtbo cb xoAoiTB HpaBHTejirBOTBeHHaro MexaHHSMa PogcIe e cb npo- 
cBbTflTejnbHODnTepaTypoDSanaAa, — botb, craJio 6utb, HaE6oj['be o6nue 
E Kpyimue ^aKTU seshe EEoaTen. PascMOTpiEie ero oo'iHseEift 
jHfijoRRO noBasaiB hbitb, KaEOBu 6u» BsaaMEua OTHomeHifl btex'b 
(j^aRTOBi fl KARoe BxiEHie Rasi(Mg UB'b HEX'B OBasaji'B Ha ero jsjineB- 
HHfi cRJEaAib, Ha xapaRTepB ero BiTJLa]ifiWb h yStSAOHiS. AaaieRO ne 
pascqETUBas npE aioirB pasoMoxptEiE . Ec^epnaTB BecB ofiEJiBHHft 
HaiepiajTB, npexoraBuieuHft npoESBeAesiflME II][ep6aT0Ba, mbe oora- 
HOBEuofl T02BK0 Ha Tixii HaHCojite cyn^ecTBeHHHrB oTopoHaxi HX'B, 
Vb ROTopHX'B orb oco6eHHOK) flcsoGTBK) BBtpaaRaDTCi o6niifl ocHOBH ero 
idpocosepi^aHiH, onpeAtiHBmifl co6od e xapaKiepi ero OTHomeHifl k'b 
rxaBHtftniHirb BonpocairB coBpeHeHHoS euy rocyAapcTBeHHoS n o6n(e- 

OTBeEHOS SH3SE PoCOIe. 

PyocRie ik)Ae XYm OTOJiiiiH, Btiiw e8i Aynmaro uocROBORaro 

OOXpora, B-B ROTOpOirB OHH B^Ra OTCHSHBaiHCB OrB HaoiAABHIEX'B CB 

passuxi OTopoHi HeapiHTeieft, na fioji'be nnrpoRyi) apeny; BCTynEB'B 
wb sffBoe o6ii(eEie cb ehbieh HapoAanE, na nepBuxi se nopaxi arora 
o6n(eHiH jsflttxwa 6wie EciiHTaTB Rpyroft nepeBopon B'b o^Eofi esi 
camiX'B A^ERaiHUX'B o^epi sebhe, EMesHO, B'B.o6zacrE pejiHriossaro 
qyBOTBa. Ta ^opHaiBEafl peJiErifl o6pflAa, bi KOTopyi) OROsqaTeJiBEo 
BHpojQ[ExocB HpaBOOJiaBie Bb MooKBt XTI — Xyn BB., pemrifl, npn 
^TeJBSoS noMon^E oBiicRoit BiacTE paoapocTpaHHBmafl cBoe bjibah- 
qecTBO Ea Bci npoEBJieEiE ^aoTEOft e o6ntecTBeHsot sesee h Haio- 
XEBinaE Ea hexi pisRift OTneqatoR'B EORimqExejiBEaro naiiioHajHdMa, 
Vb ROHirb ROHi^OBi, fijiaTOAapfl cBOOMy ynopHOMy ROEcepBaTESMy, OKa- 
aaiacB npeaflTCTBieirB Ea xopori caHoro npaBETexBCTBa, chioio Bemeif 
BEiHysi^eHEaro nepe&TE Kb EOBOBBe^eEiflM'B^ e BusBaia npoTHBi oe6» 
ero ^^flcTBifl, pesyiBTaTOHib ROTopuxi 6kjio nozEoe noA^EHeHie euy 
^i^epROBHOfl iepapxiE. Bb sesee Hapo^a BTa RpaTROBpeMeHEafl pacapa. 
csasaiacB rjiy6oREifE nocxi^crBiaME: naoca EapoAa, OTpeRmscB otb 



*) «OiipaBxaHie MOEn mioxet h vaoro arb HSJuniHeio cufbuoevao aaraaro* 
saBHurb cjiOB%». BaSxiorp. SaiiHcsH, 1859, M 13, c 394—6. 



XBOFiiHCKitt nyBni^scrb skatephhehckoS anoxH. 209 

iribfimecTBi, coxpama vb ^ofwb pacsojia npesaioi) oSpflAOByn pe- 
jffliii), OKopo Ha^aBQiji), OAHaEO, npH hobuxii o6cToaTej[BGTBaxi» H3ifi- 
laib oBoe coAepsaHie h 3Ea^eHie; vb cbod o^epeAB b-l jMaxi* xkh 
jfii^ nomeAinHxi sa HOBOBBeAeHUiMH, ofipflAi* yTparux cBoe orapoe 
«6aaHie, a BMicrt o*^ Tbci ocj[a6ij[o h HenocpeACTBeHHoe pexHrios- 

H06 ^JBCTBO, He nOAA^psaHHOe COSHaTeJIBHOK) MUCJBH). npU TaEHTB 

jcJiOBiax'L pjccEoe o6mecTBO BCTptTHJiocB CB sani^EO-eBponeScKHMH 

BillHiflMH, Vb piTAT KOTOpUX'L BO BTOpOt nOJIOBHEi CTOflilifl caMOO 

BHAHoe irbcTO sasfljia 6oeBajar ^Bjoco^ifl, npoBOdrjiamaBmafl Heorpa- 
HH^eHHoe rocnoACTBO pasyif a h HanpaBJUBBinafl caMue ryfiirreJiBJSue cboh 
yAapu Ha cpoAHe-BtROBoe KaToiH'iecTBO. Macca ofimecTsa 6uGTpo 
noAA&AftCB dTOMy BJuaHii) h yoBOBJia ceGi ypoRH sanaAHUx'b ^hjioco- 
^^OB-b, noHflTue en wb bha^ nponoB:!^ HenocpeACTBeHHaro b rpy6aro 
MaTepiajBLHdiia. OicuAa nuo to fiesBlpie doiBinHHCTBa o6pa30BaHHaro 
•fin^ecTBa EKaTepHHBHCRaro BpeMeHH, Koropoe BMSUBaio Taitoi yxaci 
y fijiaro^ecTHBUX'L iioAeii npeAinecTBOBaBoiHX'B noKOJilHift h ctoxbko 
pa8i» BHOcJilAOTBiH HaBJLesaJio plsRoe ocjmjifime Ha STy aaoxy. IIpaBAa, 
yBie^enie MaTepiajiHCTHqecRHMH BsrjiHAaMH ne 6ujio BnojiHi co3Ha- 
TeJiBHUJCL H He oRasajiocB oco6eHHo npoHHMM'B. Bo BCHROifB (Mtyqa'fc, 
Ha nepBUXi nopaxi» ihiob Hedsa^iHTeJiiBHoe MCBBinHHCTBO conpHRa- 
oaBiDHXcfl CB SanaAoifB pyccRHXi juojifii ycnijio pasrjiHAi^TB bi> ero 

SH3HH H JIBTepaTypt BHOe OTHOmeHie RI peJUHliH H COOTB^TCTBeHHO 
BTOMy BUHeCTH H81> OBOBXl Ha(5jlIDA6Eifi HO OTpHI^aHle OH, a 6ojile co- 
3HaTeJDIBH0e, CpaBHETOJILHO CI np6AineGTB0BaB1IIHM<L nepioAOH'B, nOHH- 

MaHie H ou^HRy en BfllmHefi 4>opMU[ h BayrpeHHefi cyn^HOCTB. Il^epfia- 

TOBX Wb CBOHXl BdTJUlJlfiLXl, npEUURajl HMOHHO Rl* 8T0My MeEBBiafi- 

cTBy. KaRi H3BtoTflO H81 Qvo SJorpa^^iH, 0HT> npHHaAxesaJn ri Ma- 
coHCTsy, cji[1>A0BaTej[bH0, 6usi» CBa3aB'B RaRik pas'b ci TaRHMi Hanpas- 
jieHieHi, ROTopoe no npeHMjniecTBy cxpeMBJOCB pasBBTB wb pyccRoft 
o6niecTBeHHOi cpeAt Ay^OBHoe noHHMaBie pejiHrin. ilpRaro BJiflHiH 
HacoHCTBa He saMlTHO BB ero ooqHHeHiax^, h bpba^-jih aa^o crjiba^ 
§ro yMa, oahhiroe'b Tpe3Bufl h npaRTH^ecRid, no3BOJ[fljii eny cbjbho 
noAA^BaiBCfl TBROMy BJiiflEiio, Eo Bce se EtROTopuE Etcra ero npo- 
ESBeAeflifl, BB ROTopBixTi EAexB pttiB pejieriE, ofiBapysBBanrB 

H3BiCTHyJ0 6J[H80CTB R1» EAeflMl, nponOBtAJUBaBIEHMCfl MaCOHaMH. Oe'b 

ropa^o BoopjsaJioE npoTEBi» BHtmflaro, ?hcto o6pflAOBaro noHBMaBifl 
peaEriH, passo RaRB npoTEBi» cyeBipia, ROTopoe, no ero CfloeaMB, ceo 
no^oEie octb Bory e saROEy, eo oaqe pyraflie» *). Bitlcrb ex riwb 
owb OTCTaEBajiB caMOCTOflTejiBSoe 3HaqeHie pejiEriosflofi MopaJiH, ao- 
RasuBaE, ^To E rocyAapcTBeHHue saRosu «aojishh 6htb cxoaeu cb 
6osecTB6HEhiME y3aR0EefliflMi[> **}. ?T0 Racaexcfl caMaro coAepxaEia 
pejiflriE, TO Oflo npeACTaBiEJiocB eny hectuitb a^bsuomI), ooBpan- 
suiMCfl HCEJio^flTeiBEO Ea HpafiCTBeEflyD npflpoAy ^ejEOBlKa, noARpi- 



*) „0 noBpesAenin HpaBOBi'^, P. CTapHHa, 1870, II, 36. 
**) ^PastfuniJieHie o BaKOHOAaTOiiBCTB^*'. CoTiEHeEiJi, I, 372. 

/« I. OrAiJ% I. I 14 



210 PyCCKOK BOrATCTBO. 

nxfleMuirB tojtbko cosepi^aHiem BH^mHflro Mipa h ho cBflsaxmiMi^ 

HE -CB RaKHUl UOJLOTBaSHeJihEUWh JlftTH^LTR^eCKVirb y^OHieH^ H HH n 

RaKOK) o6pflAOBofl $opHo&. B^ TaRoiTb BHA^, no RpaiiHefl Mtpi, upex- 
cTaBJUJn owh peJ[HriR) wb nj^euhEOWh rocy;][apcTBi — seuiA O^Hp* 
cRoft, H3o6paseHHott Bi ero co^HEeHiz noji;^ 8thu% darjiaBieiTB *)• 
3ji!b/ch He Biipasesib B3rjui;^i> nHcaxeirfl Ha aTeHcraqooRUi yqeHia: b'S 
ero Boo6pasaeMOMi> rocy^^apcTBi aTenoTH <HaRa3yK)TCfl, aro 6e8yicHHe; 
h6o kto h6 qyecTByeii ecrecTsa Bosifl no be;(hhum'l euy TBapainb, 
TOTB HHaRo, RaRi 6e8yitHUM'B| He cqecTBCfl He uoace'rB»; aTeHCTB no- 
dTOMy JiHmaeTCH BCflRHXi AOJisHociefl h oTAaercH no^B oneRy, a eoiH 
ovB Ha'iHHaerb uponoBiA^BaTB CBoe y^enie, to noABepraeTca Aonam- 
HeMy saRJiioqeHiK), «;^OHAese BcnpaBHTCA h npHHeceTB nyfiJin^HOe no- 
RS^HieBi6e3yMiiicB0ein>» *'^). Ha 8tomi» nynRTt pyccRift BOJiBHOAy- 

UeJi;b AOBOJIBHO 6jIH3RO COmeJCH TaRSMB oCpaSOlCB CB SHaMeHHTUlTB 

seaeBCRHM'B ^^hjoco^oui., tosro He HameArnHMB ^n aTencTOBB H'i^cTa vb 

GBOeMB BA^aJIBHOirB oSo^eCTB^. IIpOTeCTyH npOTHBB HGRJlD^HTeABHarO 

rocnoACTBa pasyna h ^pesiftpnaro npocTopa am «Ayxa hoboS $eao* 
eo$iH> B% A^^axi peJiHriH^ ]I^ep6aT0B'B, oj^HaRO, apryMeHTHpoBai'B btotb 
npoiecTB He tojibro <npaBnjiaiiH B'bpH>, ho h HaiajraMH <3;](paB0ft 
noiHTHRH>. Bcero oxoTH'i^e n Bcero ^an^e ohi* bb cbohx'b pa3cy»A^ 
HiflX'B peJiHhB ciaHOBHJicfl Ha To^Ry 3ptHiH MoHTecEBe, padCMaipH- 
safl ee ne ctojibro RaR'B caMOGTOflTearBHyn cHJiy, crojbro RaKB opy- 
^16, ROTopuM'B MOseTB noiBSOBaTBCfl rocy;i;apoTBO hjih ROTOpoe MOserB 
6uTB o6panteHO npoTHBB nocjiiAHflro. He AonycRan, RaR'B mh bha'&ih, 

nOAHOfi CB06OAH CObIgTH, OWb GaifyiD HAeiO BipOTepiIHMOCTH H B08M0S- 

HHe npeAiJiu ea npaRTH^ecRaro npHioseHifl pasGMaTpHBajii no npe- 
HMyni,ecTBy go ctopohbt Toro Bpe^a hjih nojiBau, RaRie HoryrB nojiy- 
qaTBca OTB Hea ^m rocyAapcTBa ***), h bb ero npeAnojioaKeHiHX'B, RaR% 
MU en^e yBHABirb, bth npeA^Jiu 6uih ropasAo yase t^xb, Ranie pe- 
KOMOHAOfiajiHCB MoHtecRBe. HamH n;epROBHMe hgtophrh crjiohhh 
o6i>flCHflTB BTO OTHomeHie II^epCaTOBa n H'i^ROTopiix'B ApyrnxB nnca- 
Teieft ero BpeueHB rb pejiHris BORiio^HTejiBHO BziuiHieMi esponeft- 
cROft jiHTepaTjpH ****). E^Ba-jiH oAHBRoace npn xaRHxi. odTJicHeHijucB 
He ynycRaeTGH h3i BH^y, crojbro fijaronpiflTHuxi jifia. BosHHRHOBemfl 
noAofiHaro bsfjibaa ycAOBifl 6ujio noAroTOBJieflo npeAmecTBOBaBmet 



*) „IlyTemecTBie b-b seMJiH) O^HpcKyio". C01., I, 799—839. 
**) Twixe, 811—2, 
***) ^CTaTHCTERa vb pascysAeHiH PocciH**. Gov., I, 559. 
****') n. BHaMeHCKift, HcropiniecKie Tpyxu mjepGaTOBa h EojrrnHa b-l otho- 
meHiH K'b pyccKoft i^epEOBHoft HCToplir, TpyAu KleBCKOft JI^yxoBHoft ARaxeids, 
1862, T. II, c. 55. ABTop'b eroft, b'b o6ii^eM'B Becuia HHrepecHoft, craTLH h« 
8Bajn> rjiaBHUxik nySxBi^HCTHuecRirx'b paeoTi* III|ep6aT0Ba i noTOuy ho cOBctes- 
TOVHO B8o6pa8Hi['b flHVHoe oTHomeHie ero k'b pejiBrlK, p'bmHBiUBCb Aasne jTBeps- 
vaTb, ^TO BsrjiflA'^^ Ha eee cb rocyAapcTBOHHofl to^kb sp'bHia „ecTB eAHHCTBeH- 
Hafl TOVBa, KOTopoH) ero pejiflrioBHua HAen npHMUsaiorB K'B ({)HJioco(|)iK 
XVUI Btea*'. Kasi mh BBA'^iE, tovor'b conpHKocHOBemB cb nocjii^ABei j 
inep5aT0Ba 6ujio ropasAO 6ojBine. 



ABOPflHGKlft nyBJffl^HCrB BKATEPHHHHGKOtt 8nOXE. 211 

pyccROft »H3Hi>H), vb EOTOpofi no;];^HH6Hi6 uepRBH roojAapcTBy 6hjio 
cOBepmnBniHucfl ^aRTOM'B. Teopin aaaaAHO-eBponeficEHX'L nHcaTejiefl, 

H Wb ^aCTHOCTH B3rJlSJl,U MOHTeCRBe, Vh BTOHX C^y^ai TOIBEO nOMO- 

rajnB pyccRovy ny6jiHi(HCTy o6o6mHTB xopomo ssaROMiie eny ^^aRTu 
poAHoft A'i^ficTBBTejiBHocTH, npHqeiTb Tasifl o6o6ii(eHifl He BnojiHt s 
•€OBiiaAaj[H' c^ HasBaHsnuifH BsriflAaHH, ooxpaHBfl aa ce6i HtROTopyx) 
opHrHHajibHyio oRpacRy. 

FopasAo fiojiie rjiy6oRHHi h cepBeBHHU'B ORasaiocb Bjiade sa- 
naAHoft jiHTepaTypii Ha II]|ep6aT0Ba b'b ApyroMi oohobhoh'b nyHRrb 
ero BOZdpiuitiy HMeHHO, bo BsriBjiaxii ero na cyn^HOcrb rocyj^apcTBen- 
Hoft opraHBBaAiH h Ha BdaHMHUH OTHomeHiH pdSjniEux'L $opirB» 
npHHHMaeMHx^ eio. B'l Bonpoct o npoHCxosAeHiH ^eioBiqecRHTL 
o6n^ecTB^ oh-b ctoajeti na o6niefl nncaTeJiflirB npomiaro BtRa tou*]^' 
8p:bHifl ecTecTBOHHaro npana e BBireRaDn^aro h3i> Hero nepBonaqaiB- 
Haro AoroBopa, no RoropoMy «jih)ah ycTyoHin qacTB CBoeft cw)6ojm 
H cBOHrB BBiro;^, Aa6£i /^pyrEMs qacTHHH 6e3oaaoHO noj[B30BaTBca> *). 
HtcROJiBRO pas'B vb paajinqHUX'B cBOHrB ooqfiHeHiflX'b BosBpaiuaacB 
K^B BTOMy TedHcy h nojiBsyacB hitb ji,m ^oRasaTejiBOTBa HtROTo- 

PBIXI qaCTHHX^ HOAOSeHiH, OH'B OAHaROSe H6 BUB0AB21» H8% HOFO 

Bcix'B lorsqecRHX'B cjrbAOTBiS h bx ocHOBy obohxi* BsrjiaAOBi Ha 
rocyAapcTBeHHuft cTpoft hoioxhjtb ho AaHHutt TeascrB, a hucjib Moh- 
TecRBe pa3j[H«iHux^ THnaxi nojHTHqecRoM opraoHsai^lH bi saBHOH- 
mocth ot'b y'*jioBift, aaRJiiDqaion^BXCH b'b npapoAt cTpaHU h bi xa- 
paKTepi jiioAefi. Cxena bthx'b TonoBi h xapaRxepHCTHRa hxi otjib- 

qHTeiBHUXl qepTB, Sa HtROTopUMH HGRJIIQqeHiaMH, I^HROITB SaHlT- 

cTBOBana II][ep6aT0BiiirB y xoro se nacaTeJifl, h ero pascysAenifl ho 
BTOMy noBo^y npeAOTaBiBDTB co6oi) JiEmB nepecRasTi noioseniK ^pan- 
KysoRaro MucjiHTejiH, He JiHmeHHBift, BapoqeM^, Roe-RaRBxi JiK)6onuT- 
HuxTi opHFHHajBHHX'B ^epn. Cjit^yH MoHTecRBe, ovB pa3j[Hqajii'B ne- 
Tupe THna hjih ouocofia npaBJceHiH: «iioHapmnqecRoe>, apHcroRpaTff- 
qecRoe, A^MORpaTHqeoRoe hjih napoAHoe h «caMOBjiaoTHoe HiiH AeoHO- 
THqeoRoe>, MesAT kotophmh ycTanaBJiEBaji'B dsrtwb E3BicTByio reHe- 
TH^ecRyK) cBflSB. AP^BHiflniHEi TBHOM'B rocy^apcTBa 6ujia MOHapxiir, 
BosHERmaa hs-b narpiapxajiBHaro yapaBJieHifl poAOsaiaiBHHRa; npaB- 
jieHie €BejiBMOSHoe» o6pa30BUBaj!OCB hjie nyreicB coeAHHeHifl nt- 

CROJBRBXl pOAOBl, MaBH ROTOpHXl HO XOT*IH yCtyHHTB Jifijrh JS,pjrj 

BJiacTB, HJIE )i3^ MOHapxiH BCJttACTBie aioyaorpefijieHifi Monapxa h 
BusBaHHaro hhh BosoraHiii cHMeHHTi&ftniHX'B EWb HapoAa>; HaRoneqi, 
HapoAHoe npaBJueHie, «Ra»eTCfl, ne toib on eoTeciBa Ben^enf, Ron 
oTB odGTOHTejiBCTBi npoE3omxo», HMeHHO oyieifB BOBCTaHifl HapoAa 
npoTflBi Honapxa hjie seJiBMoarB. "^to Racaeicfl npasjieHiH cAecnoTH- 
qecRaro», to oho, no cjioaaui aBTopa, b^ cyn^HocTH «He ecxB poAi 
npaBJieHia^ ho 8J[oyaoTpe6jieHie B2acTH» h, ne onpeAtJiHH ero npoHc- 



*') ^PasMuuiJieHJH saROHOAaTejncTB^ BOo6ii^e". Goq., I, 421, cp. „Pa8MU- 
oLseBlfl cMepTHofi KasHB*', TaMHce, 427. 

14* 



^^* PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 



xoaweHia. aBTopi jjoBOttOTByexca jiheib fiiramii yKaaaHleiri m-a 

OHO CBBeAeno liy«TOMMB. H MOmen BOSHBKHJTb, KaiCB H3l MOHap. 
XM, TaKl H H8T. apHCTOKpaTiH *J. Hh 0^0 H31 8THI1 DpaB«Hiil 

He Hoaen. nasBaTBca coBepmeHHiajn.: y Ka«flaro HirtiDTCa cboh 
^OMSHOOTH H nopoKH», BaiMJDTOBnUeca Kb ero ombmoM oti jidv- 
noT. opraHHsamn. Monapxia BOBHHitaen. hbi Biacra <OT^oBl A^L 
fflJU. 5o OTe^^ «bi BaKHHxi ^tiaii onpamHBaen. coBtiy y cra- 
piflniHii HjiH MyflpMmHxi cbohii flixefl,. Ttui 6oate, cnpaniB- 

coiuiHeHHHft H31 MyapMmHxo. H 6oj*e SHaHiH HHtiomHxi Biitia?^ 
jBJiefl ero napofla, KOTOpHe aomhh eiiy ^pe;^CTaBMTl. to, ,to mo- 
xen. (uyxHTb ki cqacxii) rocy^apcTBi h OTCoBtraBaTB komko bob- 
■oxHo Kb Bemaii, npejiocyABTeiBBBiii rocyAapcTBy h luroHamHicH 

Kl C81«0BMCT1B?» ^Pyrofi npBBHaKl MOHapxiH BaMB^lieTCa Bl TOM! 
TO) OHa «flOWHa HjrilTB CBOH OCHOBaieJIBHHe BaKOHH H COXpaHaiB'^ 

Bc* ycTBHOBjieHHHe*. Tpy;iHocTB BToro cnocofia npaBaema nopoa- 
flaerca rtin, oCcroaTeabOTBOin,. ^to yirtpeanHxi Jwwa mojkho naflTH 
jmmh oqeHB ptflKo. <KoaB Maio, ci. rpyctbiD BocM■^aen. inepCaTOBi 

XaKOBHIl MOHapiOBl., KOTOpHe, HMia yse BHfflBlDK) BJiaCTB Chb*' 

CMOHCHH qecToapfiiein., paaEiniH OTpaoraiiH, a naie chmi aicKHin. 
lyflOBHmeirb, T. e. motud npHflBopHHii, He noBymaDTca flocTHravTi, 
JO oaMOfliacTia. Ko» se Maio eoTB h mhbhotpobi, EOTopMe fiuna 
ciinofi jriD6BH ki rocyflapio, a Coite am coficTBeHHofl hii. kopucth 
He roTOBH 6HaH euj bi tomi noHoraxB, hjib 6ii mowh coddoibb- 
iHTbea eracTaHiD Baaia h ^ioctohhctbiI TaicB se hbjo em. h napo- 
jOBi, KOTopHe 6h He xoriaH npocxepTB hxi npHBBjeriH ipesi yiieHB- 
ineHie B^acTH h aoxoaobb rooywa» **). Meniie cb4tjihmh yae' Kpao- 
BaMH, KaKi 8T0 HH CTpaHHo Ha nepBHft lartanT., onHCHBarb niep. 
fiaroBi apHCTOKpaTiB. EpaBAa, ohi yoMarpHBajii bt, apHCTOKpaMie- 
CE0« crpot rocy;iapcTB8 h MHoria lopomia cropoHH: «ci nepBaro 
BSPMfly HicTb HH>iero npeKpacnie rjraBHocreit cero npaBjcHia- ttti 
Myflpiflmie ibah coranaBTi cenan; bo no cBocHpaBiB e^HHrn Bo- 
no 3ApaBoiiy pascysAeniB pasyiiHiftmHxi jiBAeS rocyAapcTBa kia. 
MTOHie cBoe HMtBTb*; «3aK0HH TyrB He npeMiHflBTca am noibSH 
HJffl cBoeHpaBia eAHHaro>, «iecTB ne HMten aiacTH>, boIjckomi 
KOMaHAyBTi xpa6ptflmie h HCKycHMmie ^0JIK0B0A^H, a He «npoHHp- 
MBMfflie npHABopHHe», BBomecTBO BocnHTHBaerca jo. AofipoAtreM 
H (JaaropoAHOHi TOoroiBCiH. PaAOM. ci, bthmh nojioxHTejibHujiH top- 
TBHH OHi He saCHBaa-b OAHaKO yKasaib h o(5opoTHyB CTopony MeAaaa 
AOBOJiBHO cHJiBBo Aaso oTrfiHaa ee. «XoTa A*Ja h piraaBica no' 
fioabniHHCTBy tojocobi, osHaKo, 6o»inee mmo ho BoerAa ^yqmee fiia- 

s 

*) „PaBMHinjieHlH o saKOHOAaTeiBCTB* BooCme*. CoqaHema I 383-^- 

„Pa8HHa paacyHCAeHifl o npaBJieHia", TaMae, 336—7. * ' ~~^ 

**) ^Paanua pa8cya;?eHU o npaMeHia", TaM»e, 337 — 8- PaaMMimre^ 

aifl saKOBOAaTeJiBCTB^", Taiise, 387. ' " 



ABOPflHCKit II7BJIHI](HCTT» EKATBPHHHHCBOft BIIOXH. 213^ 

saeTB»; cnopu, nem6ixEue nps btoits npaueHin, noposKAanrB ve^- 
jreHHOcTb Bi j^'kiarB; oTjrbJiBHue BOJibMosH np6CjitA7K)TL jLWRua bh* 
^o;^H wb ymep6^ ^ocy;^apcTBy, ceTapanxca yqamTL BiqHuifH bi hxi 
jlouBXTy AOOTOHHCTBa II fioraicTBa, CO HCKJUDTOHieiTB flpypHXi, H yi4c- 

Hfl]DTT» nOAJIOft HapOJtl, ROTOpuft HHrA^ OTOJIB HO HeO^aCTJIHBl, RaRl> 

flOA'B apeoTOKpaTBqecRHM'B npaBX6HieMT>»; nps AaHHOifB onooofii opaB- 
JireHifl He JnerRO oTutHETB xopomie saROHii, ho Tpy^no Ao6HTfiOfl h 
yHHTTOxeHifl aaRonoBi bpoahux'b, ROTopue noneny jih6o npHHOOHTb 
BiiroAy OTj^'&iBHHU'B qjieHaiTB ooHaTa; cBoficTBeHHaa eiiy cthxcctbb'b 
^asoysAOBiflX'L e HcuojiHeHiH> uoseirb craTb onacHOio vh BOOHHoe 
3peMfl, HaROHeui, cpoAH SHaxHaro DHomeciBa apHOTORpaTia jiofro 
paRBHBaerB HeyMtpoHHoe qecT0J[i)6ie, ofipamaiomeeca bo Bpe^i rocy- 
j^apoTBy *). Cii emfi MOHBrneft cHMnaTlefl othoohjich pyccRifl nHcaiexB 
Kb AeMOspaTiH, flBJiflDn^eBcfl na cirtHy apHcroRpaTin vb pesyiBiarb 
<MynHTejiBCTBi BeiBHoasi npooTOMy HapoAy>. <AeifORpaTH?ecRoe npan- 
JieHie, no ero cjioBaiTB, <rB nepBaro BsrJUiAy flBJiHeTCH 6bitb cxoa- 
0TBeBff6flmee cb ecrecTBeHHUH'B saROHOM^; noneace *6ub'B bitI 
posAOHu OTB e^HBaro 0Ti];a, ho Bci jih HubioTB onpaBe^ra- 
BocTB rpeSoBaxB oiio paBHocTB cooroflHifl^ ROropaa HBrat HBJuieToa 
HsrHaHHon bs'b coofimecTBi? Ho, pascMorpa cie (tb APT^'oft CTpaHu, 
HtcTb HHiero HenocToaHHie cero npaBiema*. IIpH homtb bi rocyAap- 
cTB:b haotb nocTOHHHaa 6opB6a naprift, HOBOBifOSHO ooxpaaeHie rocy- 
AapoTBOHHBix'B TaltHi, Hapo^x yRiOHaerca otb Ha3Ha?eHia Heo6xoAH- 
MBix'B noAaTeft h, 6yAy?H Hecnoco6eH'B oi^bHHTB hcthehbee saciyrH^ 

fOHHTB JLfOflfii OnpaBeAIRBKIX'B H BOSBUmaeTB npOHUpilBUX'B **). Co- 

BepmeHHO ooo6oe mI^gto b'b H3o6paseHiH II](ep(^TOBa saHHMaerB «car 
iioBjiacTie» hih cAecnoTHqecTBO> He-RyjiBxypHHX'B napoAOB^, ROTOpoe 
OHB, RaRi Mu yse BHAiin, ho pimaeTca jsjaoie npn^HOJiHTB Ri «po< 
AavB npaBJ[eHia>. <H ho saai), roBopHTB ohb, ' mosho jih no onpa- 
BOAJiHBocTH caicoBJiacTie HueHeirB iipaBJieHia HMeHOBaTB, noaese cie 

^CTB My^BTOJIBCTBO, B'B ROTOpOlfB HtTB HHUX'B SaROHOBl H HHUX^ 

npaBHJTB oRpoica fieayMHHX'B OBoeapaBift Aecnora. Bm4cto ^to vb mo- 
HapxiH rocy^apB eciB ajw Hapo^a, b'b caMOBjacTHoa'B npaBJieaia na- 
poAT» aBJweTca 6htb CAtjiaHi am rocyAapa. Tmerao ecTOOTBO hcto- 
mBTB CBOH coRpoBBB^a AJI8 npoasBOAeaia Aecaoxa, oAapeaaaro Botxa 
BOBMoxBUMH AofipoA'^TOJiBaH, B% cevB poAt npaBJieaia, OAaaRo, owb 
BecBaa mbjio 6jiara aapoAy CA&jiaeT'B^ ecjia ae aonpoBepraerB caao- 
BjracTia: BuicTO tto aec^acTie a 3j[0Rj[K)qeBie aapoAa novra aesii 
nocjrtAyMTB noorynRaax TiRoro rocyAapa. BoDera la oax, aapB jh 
saRjuo^aeTB, aaaorAa aa bi neiTB o nojiBsaxTb aapoAa ne CTapaexca, 
BO 6ojrte aaieTB vb npeAicert ^ecTOJ[io6ie ajiB CBoeapasie rocyAapa; 
co^aaaeTB jra tfjiarie saROau, aapoAB ae aaterB npaqaan paAo- 
fiaiBoa, noaese bi ero caaoBBBOJueaia cootobtb axi OTBeprayrB an. 



*) „PaAHua pa8cyac;^eHifl o npasjieHiH", Co'i. I, 338 -*41. 
*♦) TaMae, 341—3. 



314 FJCCKOE VOTATCnO. 

noerau ixi, 0pe6iiBan, HapjmaTb itb, eotma 6hj yroxHo, p^s 
Belli Tkii, iKU Koro ovb Bocxo^en. H xUcTBHieibHo, uoe suo- 
lu Moryn 6HTb noiesBu xu Tajcoro iiapoAa, Koropuft, a jxe le 
ynoMHUio xftpOBBHiBxi CHacTUi, HO H caMjD »i3HB Bjiien TODia 
TorAftf noKa jfoabo xecnory ao3bo»tb eiiy OHoi noiBaoBaibca— aa- 
Bcerxa lameai Beia^afimaro xapa npBpoxH, to ecn, aoiiiHOcni? 
BoBMOxerb la hto yamcate 6htb, aaai Ba^i^Tb MHuioau JUDj^efi, 
q)aBBeHaiixi» cb CKOraua, aoropue paSoiairrb iamb au exaaaro a 
Xia ero BBsapa a ^^aBopaia, soropoS, tuarb posxeai. vh aeaoii, 
XOCTBrb AO aaiooTH rocyxapa unib npesi aepsKyi) lecib a nox- 
lOCTb— Tpe6yeTb, nTo6u xpyne eay noxo6Hoe ase noqieaie aoBxaaaia 
H xtiBJB 6u xu Hero to xe, ^no oai x^^ coxpaaeaia ceoero ciy- 
HBA xiJiaerbV* Ilpa tbehxi ycioaiaxi ibcrei^i, aeBtacecTBeaaue 
npaxBopaue a BBaToqaaaa <npectKax>Tb xopory» xo^ip^'X^TeibauMi^ 
aioxaai, saaionuiai Boaaaai a enpaaexJiBBUirb cyxbaai. cTaaaai' 
u6pa30ai ooA'b caai npaBieBierb Bapoxi» croaerb Bb aesoit, bohbi* 
(kaie crapaerca yroxHTb, aexeib xtiarb cbod xoisaoorb, cyxba npo- 
xaerb npaBOcyxie x^a yxoBoibCTBOBaaia cp66poja>6ia BpeaeHn^aKa^ 
xyxoBaaro ^iBay ^leJiOBtKi 6eai tbopaocth, bmIcto aacraBJieBifi, iamb 
uaaerHpHKa coqaHaerb, ToproBia ociafiiBaerb, aayaB, oia yspame- 
aia paayaa, ae aata BoibHOcxa MHCiHTb, fitryrb cax'b atcrb acaaTb 
GiaropacTBopeaffblimHXii B03AyxoBi>» *). cIIpaBieHieiirbxecnoTaqeoTBO 
aasBBTb ae Moa[BO, naoaii oai bi xpyroa pasx, an bi pox'b oauxi 
noatcTBTb, b6o oho ae ^to aaoe ecxb, saai aioynorpeOjeaie aoaap- 
ma^iecKoil Bjacra: noioay ^to aoaapxia xoisaa aaixb cboh ocaoBa- 
TOibaue saKOHU a coxpaaatb bcI ycraHOBieHHiie, a caaoBiacTie^ 
nocitxya exBHoay cBoeay xorbalD, no Boii caoefl Bot saKoau pas- 
pymaerb. Moaapxia no yoTaaoBieaaoHy saaoay xpaaarb saaab, ^ecxb^ 
a cnoEoScTBie caoaxib rpasxaai, a caMOBiacxie hh na ito aa cie ho^ 
BBBpaexb, ibOTb TOKB KpoBaBUo lyqmHxi CBOHX'b noAX&HHbix'b, ^eoxa 
ail He coxpaaaerb^ ae Bsapaerb aa atsaocib oepxei^b, aatHie no 
xoTbaiK) OBoeay OTBHaaerb n BoaMyn^aerb bo Bcix'b iiacTaxi sbbhb 
H onoKOilcTBie aasxaro rpasAstanaa; h6o, b% caaoa-b xi^ji, aoserb 
la Tyrb kto cnoRoeai 6uTb, rxt hbrofo nooraBiOHBH saaoHU ne 
aanianiaDTb? H a upapaBBBBaio SHByniaxi nox'B caaoBiacrieirb id- 
xeft TtHi aopexoxRaai, ROTopue bi> secToayx) 6ypK> iHrneiaca aop- 
MBia, aaqxu a napycoBT* oaoero Ropa6ia h rohxx po6Rie ciyacaTeia 
cb Taaceiuaa Beniaaa aaayia wb aope Rounaci a act xpyrifi PM 
npaaiqaaia coxtiaaaua opyxia. IIiUBerb en^e Ropa6ib, ao npa xHxa- 
Hla 6ypBux'b B^TpoBi HH yapaBHTbca He uomerb, hh SHaib aeieft a rbm- 
aeA, hb aiora oBoero Teqeala. CnoRoflaHiaHaHeH'bcaAaniie? Haorxa 
XooTHraeTb o^aoriaBaro npactaaHnia, ho to ne npaaaio, a He^aaaHocTK 
ero X0BexeTb». «HtcTb wb caMoaiacTia, npoxoiacaexb asTop-b cBon» 
xapaRTepaoTBRy, aarpasxeaie sa saciyra, a aanpoTHBi Toro caico- 



♦) Taa* S6, 343—6. 



ABOPaHCKlft nyBIHI^HCrB EKlTEFEHHECKOft 8II0XE. 21 & 

MaoTHTeJiB 3aBflAyeTB fijiiiOTaHii) ohuxi... PasAa'ia qHHOB'L se cl 
jTf qinHMi paafiopoMX uhbtga: Kajraryza jiomaAB cbok) soscyjueifB ca*)^- 
lajii. A MoseTB 6utb h UHoro JiDAei, He jryqme JiomaAQ cioamEx-B, 
eaMOBjiacTHTeJiH bt* BuniHie hbhu npoHSBeJiH. Ao6poAi^TejiB, aoctohh- 
cTBa Tan jTicHflfiOTca, h6o KasAuft caiiOBJiacTHTejiB bx Ao6poAtTeJiB'- 

HOHl n HCaOJUHeHHOHB AOCTOHHCTB'B ^eJlOBtR']^ MHJSTb SpHTB flBHaro 

ce6i jfiopHTeJifl; HaEOsei^, pasyiTB saTymaeTcs, h6o BpeAHO cano- 

BJLacriX), qT06l» KTO BHHEaJIX bo B3aHMCTBeHH£Ifl npaBU, CO^HEfllDIIUfl 

ocHOBanie odn^eciBi, h jmbhiib 6u o^aMB bossphjtb Ha cocTOHHie 
oBoe. TaEOBo eciB AecnoTHqecxBo, TaKOBU cjtb ero BpeAHUH cjitA- 
cTBiH. A ncTOMj fl H saKiKqai), ^to bi npocB'i^n^eHHOMx HapoA^OHO 
6uTB H6 HoserB. A e«ej[H oho h cAywrca, ne uosotb 6bltb npo- 

AOJI2RHT6JIBHO. XOTfl, UOSeTB CTaTBCfl, RaElH HOOTOpOHHifl ofiCTOHTeJIB- 

CTBa H yqHHflDTB ero npoAOJisaTBoa HicEoiBEO 6o2i, HeaEem SBHaA- 
xesajio, HO cie toeuo euy secioqafimift Eonen,!* npHroTOBJifleTB. H60, 

Bl CaMOUB A^'^) eCJra BCHEiS paSCMOrpHTX 06fl8aTeJIBCTBa CBOH SB 

EosieMy saEoay, e% OTe^ecTBy, e'b caMOMy ce6t, eb ceMBi h dtes- 
BElf^ cBOHHii, TO jspHTB, ^TO AOJKri> H CjiarococTOHHie ero BJie^erB 
ero HHSBeprHyTB cero EyHHpa, HHEorAa tbopau^'b hofb ho hmI^i)- 
niaro> *). 

m^epCaTOB'B ycBOHJiTi ce6i h o6niyK) mucjib MoHTecEBe o6i» oco- 
fioiTB HpaBCTBeHHOM'B Haqajii, CBodcTBeHHOM'B sasAOMj THny rocyAap- 
CTfieHHofi opraHH3ai^iH, ho bii npoBeAeHis hmx btoS mbicah mosho 
Ha6jH)AaTB jiiofionMTHiifl OTCTynjieniH otb ycTaHOBJieHHoS (j^panuys- 
csHiiB MuciHTejieirB cxeHii. €CaMOBj[acTie» y pyccEaro ny&iHi^BCTa 
coxpaEHerB npHHi^Hni», npHAaHHuft euy aBTopom» «Ayxa 3aE0H0B'B», 
npHHi^HH'B MonapxiH noABepraoTCH yise HiEOTopoMy HSMtHeHin h no- 
JiyqaeTB Gojite rpy6yi) ^pMyjiHpoBEy^ hto se EacaeTca apncTOEpa- 
tIh h AOUOspaTiH, to no OTHomeHii) ^Kh HHifB mhcib lE^epSaTOBa 

OHeHB CHJIBHO dUaHCHnHpyeTGH OTB BliflHifl MoHTeCEBO. <MoEapxu[, 

roBopHTB OHB, TpeGyoTB q:ecTOJ[]o6ifl, h6o eAHHoe nacB qecT0i[i)6ie e'b 
flpecTOJiy B^apcEOMy npHBfldyerB h no6ysAaerB qeioBtEy npeA'B qexo- 
BtEOMB A'i^ATB HH3E0CTH; Vh BejiBMosHOM'B npaBJieHiH Tpe6yeTCfl OC06- 
iHBaa AoGpoAtxejiL, n6o eto xoqerB iiesAy paBHiiVH ce6i HMtTB npe- 
BMyn^ecTBO, totb aojukohi AoCpoAtTeJiBH) cBoeio npHHyAHTB hxi euy 
OHoe ycTyaBTB... Bi napoAHOirB se upaBJieHiH ne ctojb aojiseo hm^tb 
AodpoA^teJiefi, CEOJIB 6j[HCTaTejiBHHXi> Ea^ecTB'B n nponupcTBa, Ea- 
soBu 61UH: nepHExecB, I^ecapB h KpoMBeiB» ^). Bi btoh^b h'Iceojebeo 
HaHBHOMi noAMini BHcmefi AodJoiecTH, ycMaTpHBaeMoft ^paHi^yscEHiTB 

TeOpeTHEOMl BB AGHOEpaTiH, tHpOHUpCTBOMl^ H yilipeHHOCTH apH- 



*) ^PasuuDuieHifl sasoBOAaTeiiBCTBli BOo6ii^e^. Coq. I, 387—9. 
**) TaMse, 386—7; cp. ^PasHHa pascysAOHifl npaBieniH": ^b* mo- 
■apzln IDAH veeT0AK)6HB£i, b'b apHCTOKpaTiH ropAU h TsepAU, bi* ;^6M0RpaTiK 
caiyTHOJDodHBiii H yBepT^HBU, Bi* caMOBJiacTHOH'b se npaBJieHiH noAJOiHHHSKH'', 
TaiuEe, 346. 



216 P70CK0B BOrATCTBO. 

OTOKj^aTiH Ao6poAiTej[B]D, noAviHi, oonpoBoai^aeuoirB He ueiAe HasB- 
HiiMH jioKasaTejiLCTBauH B^ BHAt npHB6AeHHux'B HCTopE^eoEHrb nps- 

MipOBl, OAHOBpeMeHHO, RaaceTCfl, CSasaJIHCB H HHCTHHKTHBHHfl CHMOa- 

TiH B aHTHnaTiH' poAoojiOBHaro pjocKaro nyfixBi^HCTa h HiEOTopafl ne- 
noAroTOBJieHHOCTB ero R'b noHHMaHiv) cjiosboA apryHeHraKiH h rjLj6o- 
KOfi MuoJDfB sanaAHaro nojiHTBKa. HaflmHEifl n ulTRifl onpe^'^ieBiir 
nocjii^^HJBiro noAik nepoMi ero pyccRaro nocjiiAOBaxeJUi h nepeiaraTOJUfl 
nepepoacA&JiBCL noBTOMj nopoio bi» nocnimHiifl h ^obojibho TonopsuA 
o6o6meBifl. 

Hi^To noAo6Hoe hm&io uicro e bi nosHMaHiH lE^epGaTOBmrB 
Apyroro, 6oi'^e EpynHaro Bonpoca b^l Teopin MoHTecRBe. ni|ep6aT0B'b 
yRasuBaen, ^ito wb AtHCTBHreJibHocTH Tpn rJiaBHMe xapaRTepHSOBaH- 
Hue HMi TBHU DpaBJieHifl cyn^ecTBOBajtE h cyn^eoTByoTB He b^ ?bc- 

TOITB BH^i, HO B-B CMtlIiaHHLXXl» ^OpMaXl. TaRTi 6UJL0 B'B ApeBHOtt 

HCTopiH, TO se BBJieHie noBTopaercfl h bi HOBoe Bpeiur. TaRi, bo 

$paHI],iE <HMHi TORMO HlROTOpUfl HSTi OH npOBHHAlft COXpaHHJIE npaBO 

co6paBifl qHHOBX, npo^ee me yapaBJiaeTOH napjiaMeHraMH, Tjiib npn- 
oyTCTBie nepoB'B, Gy^eft n OTpAnqnx'B, — nooji'&ABHX'L 6oji[Bn[afl ^acTB 
BZ'b M^uuML-b^ — RyoHO HOHapniHqecRoe, BeiBKOSHoe H Hapo^Hoe npan- 
jienie npeACTaBJSHerB. Ho HHr^t tojbcb bo x^BiieTB Bapojinafl bojebhoctb 
noA'B TbHBH) MOHapmHqecRiH BJiacTH, RaRi» B'B AnrjiiH; TairB buhihiob 
BJBiacTB, orpaHH^eHHyn saROFaHB, HiiterL RopoJiB; BepxHflfl Ranopa 
napiaiieHTa BejiBMosHyio BiracTB npe^CTaBJifleT'B; a HHSHflfl RaMopa, 
eAHHafl Moryn^aa HaRjiaAUBaTB Hajiorn, npeAcraBiHerb bibctb napOA- 
Hyx); H Bci cia ipi BJiacTH vb 6e3apecTaHHHXTb npeniax-B Mea^y co- 
6oK) no pasx&JiLHHM'b HX'B npHBaTHBtiTb nojEBsaiTB, CBHsaHU Heapeo- 
6opHif£[MH y3aMB, paBHUMH cTOHaMH R^b Oiary o6n^eify mecTByK)Ti»> *). 
HBse Mu eyAeiTB hm4tb cjyqafi y6i;^HThCff, ^to xoro, RaRi 6ii co- 
TfBCTBeHHaro, OTHoraeHiH ri aHMificROMy ycrpoflcTBy, Roropoe crbo- 
3HT% bb npHBeAeHHOMi iiicTb, m^epfiaxoBi na caHOirb A'^'6 He bh- 
AepsHBaeTB ao ROHi^a. IIoRa se ocraHOBBHCH toibro na ero noEHMa- 
HiH TeopiE pasA'i^eHifl BJiaciej}, aobojibho to^ho ^opMyjiiipoBaHHoft 
HMi> Vb cioBaxB 8Toro oTpHBRa, RacaioH^HXcH AHrxiE. Ohi* rOBOpBTB 
061) 8T0i TeopiE e B'B ApyrflX'B ificTax'B CBOEXii iipoHSBeAeHifl, noA- 
eyjiCB eio h bb Cojrke ^eotomi ea be;^, RjEaccE^Hi^Epya bb OT^^tn- 
HiixB cjiyqaaxB rocyAapcTBa na ocHOBaHiE npe^cTaBiaeMUXB ei) npB- 
SHaROB'L E onpeA'&iflE TaRia crpasu, bb ROTopuxB saROEOXaTejiBsaa 
E HcnojrBETejuBHaa BJiacTB cjihtu bb oj^houb jlboi^^ RaRB noA^BHen- 
HBia ccaMOBJ!acTHOMy» npaBJieHiio **). Bb njbjsBTb Gojiie Tn^aTeiBHot 
oa^hre ero oTEomeHia rb TeopiE MoHTOCRBe He6e3BBHTepecHo, oAHaRO, 
ocTaHOBETBca en^e na nojiosExejEBHHXB coBtTaxB, npenoAaBaeuuxi 
EMB A'H opraHEsaiqE AJkuA saROHOAaTeiBCXBa. IIo ero HHlHiio, hh 
OAEHB ^ejioB^RB^ 6yAB TO rocyAapB, BOJiBMoasa hjele ^acTEiift ^eJiOBiRB, 

*) ^PasMHiiuieHiii o saKoaoAaTejiBCTB^*', Tanse, 885-— 6« 
**) CxaTBCTaRa bi pascysxeHlH Poccia. Co«., I, 594. 



ABOPflHCElS nyBJTHipCrB BKATBPHHEHGBOft SnOXH. 217 

npH BceiTB BosMoSHon vh nQWb iipooBin][eHiH H jcepjiiH, He cnoco- 
^wb oo6oTBeHHUMH ouaMH <oo^i[HHTB BceHapoAHoe 8aROHo;^aTe»* 
«TBO», BCJitj^cTsie jierKocTH omHdoK'L H rH6eJiBHaro BJriflHifl cxpacTefi; 
«cTpacTH, E0J[e6i[K)I^uI JiDAeS, Maisui ooGpam, hhhhmbia js^sl zbko- 
liOAaTeJTBCTBa, TaEse Heonoco6Hu r'b OHOMy ^nHfln»>; 6oj[Binifl se 
^o6paHifl iHanojiHeHH cjtb cmjthoctud, HOBiaseeTBOirB h npscrpa- 
€TiflMn». Ci HecKpHBaeMOK) rope^BD BonoMHHaji'B ovb npn aTOUxcjcy- 
^at 061 EKaTepBHHHCKOt RouMHccin: «TairB HisoTopue KOsaRH s 
KpecTBflHe npe^poseHiflMH cbohmh ho^th h BOdjsjTb Aumynuft y abo- 
pflHi H Ryni^OB'B xorbiH OTHaTB;Tau'B Eyni(u crapajHCB pacopocTpa- 
HHTB cboh npaBa c% ymepOoM'B npaBi abopah'b h seMie^^BiiOBx; 
;^opflHe xoTfl H yMipeHu 6HiH, h6o bi ;iBa ro^a npeCiiBaaifl ceft 

KOMMBCCiH nO^TH TOKMO 06np[X'B OpaBaXl rOBOpOHO 6UJI0, HO H Ti 

oAHaRo HtROTOpyD saxBa'raHBocTB HaAi* npaBaMH ^pyrHxi OEaaajiHt. 
B'B KoifMBCcia 6uj[h o^HaRO n xopomia CToponn: «noAaBaHie roio- 
•covb^ no 6ojBBmefl qacTi B3aophhx'b, si BaROHOAaxejiBCTBy ne cjiy- 

3CHJI0»^ a np06RTU COCraBJUaUIHCB ^aCTHUUH ROlfKHCCiflMH, pyROBOABB- 

mHMBCfl AeayTaTCRHMH HaRasaifH h ryCepHaTopoRHHH o6'BHCHeHiflMH o 
'COCTOBHiH ry6epHifl, h xoth h B'B HaRasax'B Chih «npeA76t»A6Hlfl», 

<H0 cifl 6ujia rpflSB, hbi ROTopoft mosho 6ujlo mhofo soxoxa no- 
ji[ynHTB>. Cbog o6me6 3aRn>«ieHie oh'b ({)opHyj[HpyeTB vh TpefioBa- 

Hin, c^TOdB SaROHH COqHHHIHOB HOHHOrHMH ^OCTHUMH, paSyHHUHH, 
^CDOJlHeHHUMH CBiA^HiH, TpyA0i[]D6HB£[MH H ECRyCHBOIQMHCA B'B JSJb^ 

jcax'B H, HaROHeni'B, paBHUMH chjok) n RpeAHTOirB npH ABopt laojihUK 
.H HTo6i ^bjioe rocyAapcTBo cHafiseBaio BemaifH ri coqHQeHiD saRo- 
HOB'B H RasAuft 611I rpasjiaHHHx, no cejA h Moryn^ecxBy CBOeiiy, 
tfOFB nojiesHBifl ooBtrB AaTB: h6o Bci noA'B saRonoirb aojishu shtb, 
voi H yqacTie bi> hom-b j^ohxelu HMiTB>. Hcxo^a hb^b 8thii> Tpe6o- 
Banifi, II][ep6aT0BX npe^JiaraJi'B yqpe^BTb h^jlsl Bupa6oTRH saROHonpoes- 
TOBi> oco6yK) ROMMHcoii), pas^l^JieHHyx) Ha 4 AenapTaMOHra, h psco- 
BajTB jifiA Hen cJoi^i^AyDnUfi njian'B A'^ficTBift. IlepBufl AonapraiieHrB 
€0CTaBji[flji'B 6h bhohcrh H3X saROHOBi, HaRasoB'B H paBHUX'B npe^- 
€TaBj[eHifl OTB ryCepHaxopoB'B h npeACTaBjrajTB hxi bo BxopoH Aenap- 

TaifeHTB. IIOCliAHlt — H Bl BTOITB Ha^aJIO ^^ftCTBift ROMMHCCiH — CO* 

cTaBJiflOTB «cHCTeMy H njEaH-B aaROHOBi, pocnncaHHsii no rjiaBau'Bi, 
H ofinapoAHBaerB ero <crb npomeHieif^ RasAOMy rpasAaHHny, a^^i 
•eojiE ^TO Kh jry^nnevy ycMOTpHTB, iiHlHifl cboh npEciuani B'B onpe- 
j^oHflufl opoRi B'B TpeTifi AenapxaMeHTB, h totb AiuiaeTB h3'b hexi 
BiinHCRB; qTo6H h 6d^AHU6 jik)ab uorjur yqacTBosaiB b% saROHOAaTOJUi- 
cmh, 8TH cMHtHiai ocBo6oa;AaH)TCfl Ha noqrb otb njiateaca sa nepe- 
cujiRy. T'bH'B BpeMeHBMi BTopoft AenapraMeHTB oocraBJULeTi noApo6- 
Hufi nian^ nepBoft rjiaBS h, ne o6HapoAUBafl ero, oxAaerB bt> Apy- 
rie AenapxaHeHxu, a nepnuft HsroxoBJUiex'B coraacno axoiiy njiany 
BHUHCRH Hd'B oBoero Maxepiaia vb oxaIjibhuitb oxaxBflifB. no naro- 
TOBJieHiH 8XBXI BunHcoRi H cofipaHlH MffbHifl rpasAaHB no noBOAy 
juana, BxopoS AenapxaMeHxi» coUHflexi nepByio, a saxtirB xaRHM'B 



218 neoLOM wrAwno. 

Me m^uowh M xpjTiM tmbwb m nocieneno o6upoxHBa€n mn rv 
puamietth non^jWh Kasxoft erarsM h cb wxsumtnan epoia xu 
npe^ieraBieHU ntBif . dra ustaU i npoecn BToporo xenapraiiem 
moeflTCji sarkvi bi wrBepmfl, KGrropui laroTOBjuieTB oioHqneJB- 
Hiift Dpoecn> H nepejiaen ero, oahbko Butcrft ci opoecroirb bto- 
poro AeoapraxeBTa. Ha paacuorplHie cBumHBFO iipaBflT&iLCTBa», pfc- 
loaDfluro aaKOBOAaTeibHull Boopoci bi nociijHei BHciaHipH'). IIpK 
jiceft BeapBKpuTocrB xorasoBb OTBpanieHiB niepfiaiOBa si sasoHo- 
;iaTeiiiflHvi co6paBiBX'b npeACtaBiBeicB Maio BtpoBTHuirb, qTo6u ohv 
BooiBt HCBo oaiHBBan CMucii 8Toi aaxtHu noiBTHHecKoft opraHH- 
aaiUH Bejuiosell 6]opoxpaTHqecKOft Maniflfiofi, hmx npoeirnipoBaB' 
Koit. Ob ropasAO OojbniBifi BipoHTieirb mosho, KaseTca, Aonyc 
TBTb, mo QWh He Aasan ce6ft Toqaaro onera vh tomi*, b-b qi»H 
jiyxH nonaAerb ea npBBOAHHu peiieHb, h ^to bi ero jTBepa^eaiHX'b, 
(^yATO «KasA0H7 omjTHTeiBHo, qro Tasoe yqpesACHie msl cocraBie- 
hUi 3aK()Ho&i ecTB Haiuyqineei h «KasAHft rpasA&HEHi bo3Ji>6htv 
Taaoe 3aK0H0AaTe4bCTB0, ako TpyAs pyKi> cbohxi, h hb toibko &aa- 
aKeBCTBOHb, KOTOpoe HHBTB OTK Hcro ce&b nojiyqBTB, H onacHocTii> 
aa iipocTyiueHie HaKasaHi 6uTb, ho b ako orqacTH ki a^hik) cbo- 
eicy npHxinBTCfl h 6yAeTii loqao HafijLDAaTasL oHaro», — qio vhvivny 
yTBep»AeHlBxi aauDqaiacB ho Majtaa aojsb HanBHaro h HCEpeHHaro 
f'airoAOBojBbCTBa. Bo bcbkomi oiyqai BecoMB^HHo, qio 8totl ochobhoIt 
iiyBsrii Teopia MoBiecRbe ho saHHit'b m» BosspiHiHi'L pyccKaro ny6- 
JiHi^HOTa Toro Btcia, Ha BaRoe owb mAjn> Bct npana, h ocTajicfl He 
BHOiHi noHBTUMi H Hiioxo paspaCoTaHHUM'b. IIpHqHHU TaEoro ^asra 
iipHXOABTCH eABa-;iH Be bi paaHofi Mipi HcsaTb b'b ycjioBiaxb oo- 
uiajbHott o6cTaH0BBH nBoaiejifl a Bb ero HAeflHofi noAroTOBKi. Maxe* 
piajii, iipoAcraBJiHeHiiift pycoKott rocyAapcTBeHBOfl SHSHbK) TOfl snoxH^ 
fiujni ojiHuiROMb npocTb Bb opaBHeaiH ci rbnH cjioshumh nocTpoe- 
hIbmh noJtHTHqeoRoS mucjiih» RaRia Bcxptqajii TeoperHRx eTOftsesHir 
Vh saaaABoS jiBTepaTypt, h 8to o6cTOflTejn>oTBo aojksho 6ujiio ojsy- 
XHTb HeMBJioBasHHMb npeQflTCTBieMi AJUi Hero 8b A'i^ ycBoenifl h 
oiiIhrb aahhuxi nocTpoenitt. Tiirb cepbeaHie cTanoBBJioGb aio npe* 
UHTGTBio npa yojvoBiH BOAqHHeHiH nBcaTOja HCRjuDqHTeAbfluirb HHTe- 
peoaifx ysRolt o6niecTBeHHoft opoAu, xoia 6u TaRoe noAqaHeme fnazo 
ae BcerAB Bnoial oosHaTenbHUirb h nopoio Aase HHOTHHRTHBHUMb. Ht- 
ROTopufl paaiiacHeHiH aiolt CTOpOHu A'i^a Moserb AOCTaaflTb Hairb 
anaROMOTBO oi ooHOBHUMa BoaapiaiaMH II][6p6aT0Ba eb cymnocTb co^ 
illaAbHuxb OTHomeHilt. 
OapeAlJieHle HopHaJibHUXi oTHomeHilt iieavAy pasjia^HaMH odmeor- 

BOBHUMH RJraCCaMH npOACTaBHlO O060K) HMeHHO Ty otfiaCTb, Vh ROTO- 

poft fiarjiHAU II](ep6aT0Ba Haa6oile AaieRO paaomjiHCb ci aojioseHiaMB 

H BUBOAaHH npOCBlTRTeibHOft {^HJtOCO^iH. Qwh plmBTeibHO H BaRl> 



*) i^PaBMunuieBU 8aKOBOxaTeaI»oTBt^ Cov. I, 366- 7, 360 2, 367- 37a 



ABOPflHCKlfi nyBJlHUtHCTb ElLATBPHHHHCKOft dnOXH. 219 

HejiBSfl 6oiiie dHepraqHo OTBepraii <XHM6p7 paBHOCTH cocroiiHift ho- 
BUX'B 4^fU030$0Bi)», aanojiHpyfl ovh hhx^ ri Jleft6HHity, Eoropuft 
«B0H3ucKafiiH eciecTBeHHuxi Ben^et h caMaro OAHHaro poAj ho Ha- 
meJi'L HH OAHofi noAo6HoS AP7ron>. CymecTBOBaHie «6e3KOHe^Hot pas- 
HOOTH wb HapysHHX'B ^opxaxi TBap6fi» npHBOAHJio II];ep6aT0Ba R'l 
cno^TH HecnopHMOtt noTHHi, qio HicTb HH OAHHaro 9610 Bisa OOBOp- 
ineHHo noAo6Haro Apyrony bo BHyTpeHHHX'B cbohx'l pacnoJiosemflX'B^ 
a FAt HtcTB xaKOBaro noAo6iH, xyx'B HtTB n paBHOcxn; sasexoa, sa- 
EJiK)qajrB OHi, caMa npapoAa, npeAynpesA^fl Hamn cyoMyApifl b pao- 
uoiaraa nopfl^OR'B ofin^esHxin ^eioai^ecRaro, pasHHMH A&poBaHiflMH 
pasHMXii jrK)A6fi cHa6AHJia, aro My^po paoapeAtiJifl eAHHBixi 6ux& nps^ 

BHXeJBUiMH H Ha'iaiBHHRaMH, ApyrHX^ A06pUHH HCnOJIHHXeJIflHH, a Ha- 

KOHei^i> xpexbHtf B cjiinujiH xblkcTB^v^mfluw, ji[Hi^aMH». BosaptHis JleflC- 
HHi^a He jreriH OAHaRO bi> ocHOBy B3rjiflA0Bi» II](ep6axoBa Ha ^ejiost- 
HecRyK) npHpoAy h h6 ORasaiH Ha nero o^bhb oepBes^aro BjiiflHifl. Ha- 

npOXHB'B, HCXOAHOJS XO^ROft, OTh RaROft OWb OXapaBiaXCII ' Vb OBOHX'b 

AORasaxeiBcxBax'B xojibro qxo npHBOAeHHofi mugjih, hbhaocb noiosemd 
ooHoyajiHdMa, corjacHO RoxopoMy <Bci GBtA^HiH naiiiH mu qpes'BqyB- 
cxBa nojiyqaeMi, h6o B'b caMOm jsibsi, qero hu He BHAaiH, ne cjui- 
xajiH, He o6oHflj[H, ne BRymain h ne ocflsajnH, o xoitb h noHflxifl HHixB 
He M02Beirb». *) Ha bxom'b npocxoirB ooHOBaHin oh'b B03ABHraexi> nib- 
Jiyi) CHcxeMy, apryMenxoBB, ne oxmqaDaiHXCfl, snpoieH'B, qpesMtpnoiy 
oepBesHOoxBi) h ne ocofieHHO oaacHBEXii ji^jui «XHMepH hobux'b ^hjio- 
coj^OBi^. OH'BroxoB'B 6fiiJi'B, npaB^a, corjacHXBOfl, TroBci jodji^e torh 
eAHHaro namero npaoxi^a A^aiia h hoxom'b oxb Hoa npoBsomin h no- 
xoHy Bofi oyxB 6paxBH h sot cyxB paBHo6jiaropoAHiie», Hoaxo nepBO- 
HaqajiBHoe paaeHcxBG ne uorio, no ero UHiHiio, coxpaHHXBCH yse 
H Bi ecxecxBeHHOifB cocxoflHiH. HepaBeHCTBo AftpoBanmixi oxa^jblb- 
EUHB j[]DAflMi» oxi npHpoAH cnoco6HOCxett n eoxecxBennoe no^xeaie r'b 
jnoABMB 6oji±e spijiaro Boapacxa, bi oco6eHHOCXH se rb cxapnmM'B po^- 
cxBeHHHRaMi, ORopo AOJTSHU 6iijrH paspymHXB axo paseHcxBO h nojioasHXB 
pa3j[H^a MesAy ik)abmh. CxaptfimnHu poAOBi «nepBHe nojyqniH na- 
qaiBcxBo HaA'B paBHUMH ceGt, ofiflsajm xtxi ne chjiod, ho yqHHeH- 
HUMH HifB ycjiyraMH n npHBzeRJiH ri ce6t no^eHie>; HtROxopue rpy- 
6ue HapoAu o(h>flBHJirH 3a xo tOHXB cbohxb 6j[aroAiTej[eft» 6oraMH, a 
fiusallHiHX'B ETb noxoMROBi fciiHaMH 6oroBX», «H cie eoxB HaqaJio 6jia- 
ropoAcxBa>. Pa3x ycxaHOBBBmeeoa H^paBencxBO nepexoAHXB h na arbAy>(>- 
n^fl noRoitHifl, xaRi Rani «poAHBmifiGfl ^eiOBlR'B oxb (SiaropoAHUXB 
poAHxeieil^ no^epuaexB cboi BneqaxjitHiH, hohhmo jry^maro o6pa30Ba- 
HiH, B'b pasoRasax'B poAHxejiefi o cxapuxi noABHraxi, vb 6eotAftX'^ 
hx'b oocxohhIh oxeqeexBa, bb HpaBcxBenHiix'B HacxaBneHiHX'B poA- 
cxBeHHHROBi H Bco 8X0 BjTaraexi wb ero cepAi^e h paayirB <xi fijiaiiji 
ciMeEa, ROH aojish£i npoHSBecxH hjioa^ noJiesHuS oxeqecxBy bo BpeMS 



*) ^PaBirHiiueHifl o ABOpfiHCTBt". Ooq., I, 221-— 2, 225. 



220 PyCCEOB BOFATCTBO. 

«Boe». <EasAoir7, AT^ai), on^yxHreiBHO, roBopirrBnHoaTett,TroBoiX'B 
BHmeaHcaHHurii npeHMyn^eoTB'B n jAofisocTeS HHSKoposAesHHS jawk£h 
HO Moserb, a noxoiiy h sauD^iaK), ^to 6jiaropo;(CTBO aoxsho Chtb 

nOTOUCTBeHHO». C'B BTHITB BUBOXOITB AOISCHO 0006pa30BaTbCH npaBVTeJBEb- 

€TBeHHoe BCRycoTBo H noTOMy HepasyuHO, no UH'bHiio asropa, <Tn^aHie 
MHOrnx'B ABopoB-L yMOHBinHTB noTrenie Ko6j[aropoACTBy>,BHTeKaDme6 
flst «oyeMyApifl HUHtniHflro BtKa>. TocyAapcTBO jrerqe Bcero MOSerB 
noj[B80BaTBGfl yciyraHB rpasA&H-B, BosSys^afl Bt B^rxi qeorojiiDfiie: y 
^jiaropoAHaro oho jierKO B036ysAaeTC2 BocnoMnHaHieirB o ji/kBmax'b 
npe^KCBi, y HHSRoposAeHHaro ace OEOCRop'benojiy?HTB «3aBHAJinBufi» 
xapaRTepi; noojrfcAHflro mosotl h ho Chtb, HHSKoposAeHSHft, — roBo- 
pHTB aBTopi, He saiii^air, KaRi ohi» paspymaerB dtEWb CBoe Ha He- 
noj^xoAfln^eicB ^yHAaif enrt BHorpoeHHoe 3AaHie, — MoacerinoiiTfl «Ao6po- 
AiTejTLHBiHR cTe3flMH> E cpaBHflTBCH CB 6jiaropo;];HHME, HO DTO Tpy^- 
Hie AocTHSHMO, a rocyAapcTBO jifisxno «JierqafimHHH cnooo6aMH cTa- 
paTBCfl cefifl ynpaBj[flTB]»*). 

nocjd^ABifi ofin^ift Te3HC'L— o npeHBiyii^ecTBt ;^BopHffB jtflSL rocyAap- 
CTBa E BUTeRann^eS oicDAa o6H3aHEOcTE nocjiiABaro noAAopsEBaTS 
8T0 cociOBie, II][ep6aT0Bx pasBHsaerL saTiHi bi psA^ qacTHUX'B no- 
jroseHift, AORasuBafl, Bce riwb se apryMeHTom*, saRjiDqaDn^flHCfl bi 
yRasaniE na pasBEiiE b'b ABOpEHcxBt ci uajroji'i^TOTBa fiiaropoAHux'B 
^BOTBi, 6oj[BniyH) npsroAHocTB ABopflHi ro Btsiwh poAaiTB rocyAap- 

CTBeHHOS CJrys6£I CpaBHETeJUBHO CB JIHI^aMH APyrEXl GOOJIOBiS. B'B A^^'ft 

€0CTaB2eEiE saROHOBi fl oTnpaBJteHifl npaBocyAiE, y^eHue idpeotbi e 
npECTu-EpaETHRE AOS»HH yciyEETB nepBoe HtcTO ABopflHaM'B. Hayna 
DpflCTOB'B saojiysEBaeTB yBaseniE, ho pojiB ext* oaHEXi AOisna orpa- 

HE^ETBCfl COBixaME tIiTB, RTO «0TB pOAHTOiefi E OTB p0ACTBeHHER0Bl> 

Bi» K)H0CTE xiTB CBOEX'B Haciymaxofl HyacAax'B rocyAapcTBa, no^ep- 
HEyjTL SHaHie orb bex'b saROHOBtv n, cjoL-i^AOBaiejiBHo, uoaeTB npEM^EHTB 
o6nqfl noJioxeHiE nayRE r^b cnei^iaiBHtiH^ o6cTOATej[BCTBaM'B CBoefi po- 

AEEH. K)pHCT£I-IipaRTERE HOryTB CB A^TCTBa HSy^aTB cnpERaSHHE 

Aiiuia, yjioaKeHifl h 3aR0HU>, ho y hex-b Bce se ne HMieTCH 6xaropoA- 
Haro qecTOJCDfiia, KOTopoe npeAOxpanaeTB otb yBJie^eHia eophctbk) h 

KOTOpOe ABOpflBCTBy «T0JIB CpOAHO, RaRl rOpfllHOOTB OFHI) H MORpOTa 

BOAi», a noTOMy «ciE judae a& ynoTpe6flTCfl rti HanaMflroBaEiiD saRO- 
HOB'L fiiaropoAHUifB, AOHAese noBTopfleMUEE onHxaMs AORaxyrB, ^xo 
EOAocxaxoR^ BocEExaHiii H sayRE HarpasRAaexca wb bex'b ao^phmb 
pacnojioseHieM'B exb cepAua e npEj[esHocxBH)». ^EEioHaxifl xpe6yerB 
ooeAEHeHifl npiflXHOOTH ofixosAOfliH e BecejuocxE HpaBa cb sayEoS, 
oGuRHOBeHHo yHBqxoacaionieS axE RaqecxBa; xaRoe coeAEHeEie boseosho 
TOJtBRo AJifl ABopflHEHa, y Roxoparo <Ra6EEexHoft pa6ox&> ocxaexca 
TOJEBRo <npE6aBflXB Hi^a RO BJiiflEHOMy OB niaAeE^ecxBa Wb Hero ssa- 
Hin H Wh nopsAORB E'l^ROxopuB paonojiosEXB». He 6yAeini j^sm^e cjit- 
AEXB sa 8Xo£ OAEoofipasHOfl apryMenxai^ieB, npoxEBB^QXopoft, BipofliTu 



*) TaMKe, 224—8. 



ABOPaHCKlfi II7B2HI^[GTL EKATEPHHHHGJCOt 8nOXH. 221 

HO, HanuTH 6h MHoroe BOspadHTb coBpeiieHHEie K^eptfaTOBj nexarom 
yie6uiATb saBeAOHiM, vb KOTopux'b nojiyqajio cBoe oSpasoBame 6xaro- 

pOAHOe pOCCifiOKOe HUaXOTCTBO. OllC'bTHM'b TOJILRO WOTHUfl ooo6pa3Kd- 

fidfl, ABJflJOn^ACfl 7 asTopa, sorxa owh roBopnrB o 6oj[bineft npHrox- 

fiOCTH ABOpflHl no CpaBHOHil) (TB EHSKH COCJIOBiflMH Kb BOOHHOS CJ[jm6i^ 

Ha cynrb h Ha uopi. Sa^^gb II](ep6aT0B'B HacTaHBaen HesA7 upo^nirB 
Ha TOiTB BsrjBuiA'b, ROTopufi vu jKaBaiH jse H BHrne, ^TO OTJiH^ie coo- 
AOBifi He BHjTpeHHflro, a BHimflflro npoHCxoasAeHur. «Ee mmeHx or^ 

npHpOAU HH BAHHUd ^BIOBtK'B Cn0C060Bl> HplodptCTH BOt HySHUH 

SHaHifl H Mosen» cTaTbca, ^to mbsat naxapeft mu MHornx'B 6s AjiOEcaH- 

ApOBl H I],60apBfi HamiE, ho OHH, pOAflCB CL COXOB, oi»cozoft H yMHpai)Ti> 
HHfiorAa HB noAOsptBafl Tasui A^poBanifl HirbTb»; rocjAapoTBO so AOiis- 

HO HCSaTB 7A06hUX'B A2fl Oro GJiysSM JIK)ABfi IHHIB TBHl, FA^ CB 60JIB- 
UIBfl BipOHTHOCTbK) MOSBTl paSC^HTHBaTB HaBTH BXli. ^^a pflAa ap- 
ryMBHTOB'L OCTaBaJIHCB Vb Ojn^HOCTH TaEl niOXO CBflSaHHUMB, ^TO OAHH'B 
BS^b HHX'L 668'B BCBEarO HByA06CTBa MOFB 6UTB HanpaBiBHT> npOTHBl^ 

Apyroro. Bi APyroifB cjiy^at apryMBHTai^iH aBTopa, BorptTHBinHCb cb 

H606l>8CHflBMKM'b BID ^^^KTOMl, HBpBXOAHTb Bl HpflMOB MOpaiHSHpOBa- 

Hie. 3aroBopHBi> o npBHMyn^BCTBi anrjiifiCKaro ^loia, Bi* qHCii Ha- 
^aabHHEOBi KOTOparo 6ujio MHoro jibai hb ABopflHCEaro BJiacca, naA'b. 
4)paHi^y3CKHM'b, o^Hi^BpcRifi cocTaB'b KOToparo nonoiHHJicfl hckjid^h- 
lejbHO ABopflHauH, pyccsifi HHcaTOJib o6bflCHABTb Bro a^ctbIbmi ko- 

PUOTH, 3aEjlIK)^aK)D^Bfi0a BT* HaABXA^ SaXBaTHTb BpaSBCKlM Kopa6jibi 

aHrjinqaflB ^cb ynopcTBOMB cpasaioTCH, a hb oi> 6jiaropoAHOK) xpa6- 

pOCTb]0>, «H0 KaRl BCB OHOB OCHOBaHO TOURO Ha BAHHOH Tn^BTHOft 

npoBOSHOcjiHBOOTH H Ha RopucTOJiK)6iH, Bi) cj[y?at HBcqacria hoho^h 
C66i HB o6piTBTb, h6o BAHHafl fijiaropoAHafl xpa6pocTb hb BOsropsaBTCs 
no6iAOH), RopucTbD HB ocjriajuflBTCfl h noCtsAOHHa hb ynaAaBTb>. 
HuH'i^mHifl ^HTaTBXb Morb 6hi pasBi saiitTHTb no , aioiiy noBOAy, ^o 
Mopajib aBTOpa TaRi so HaJio oapaBAaaa HCTOpioS, RaRi Bro dchxo- 
jiorifl — npaRTBRoB gobpbmbhhoK Buy ierojibi. HaROHBi^'b, abophhctbo, 
oRasuBaDHiBBCfl HaB6oj[lB cnocofiHEiH'b H R^b SBHJBiBA'i^iK), H Ri Hay- 
Ram, H Ri) €6jiaroHpaBix)>, nojiBSHo rocyAapcTBy ysB cairuui CBOHirb 

GoraTCTBOM'b H numHOK) SHSHblO: ABOpaHHH'b HJIH npOSHBaBTb CBOft 

AOXOA^, BJiH OTAaoTb A^HbrH wh poGTb; <nepBUM'b oHb noCysAaBTS 
ECRycoTBa, pBMBCia H ToprOBJiD, a BTupuiTb QTb npB6uj[b]D 0061 Apy- 
rHxi» HysAuyA0BJ[BTB3pflBTi»; HaodopoTb, pocRomHO SHByiuift RyaoA'b. 
BUHHMaBrb A^BbrH ESI TOprOBJIE E xiiTb ooRpan^aoTb 6B*3. 

nTaRi>, ABopflHCTBo Bi CEJiy Bctxi yRadaHHux'b coo6pas6HiS aojis- 

HO SaHHEaTb nopBOB Micro B'b rOCyAapCTBi, COBOpmBHEO OTHH^aiOlI^BB 

Bro oTb APyi'HX'b cocJiOBifl. To^HOB onpBA'lABHiB 8Toro MtCTa, no mhI- 
HiD m^opdaiOBa, Mono 6uTb CA^JiaHO jnHmb ccb rjiy6o'<iafimHM'b nosna- 
hIbhi rpaAOHyApiH h saROHOMyApifl^. HirfaBmioca Ha jiei^o o6pa3Eiii 
nojosBHifl cocjiOBiE vb pasjiBqHux'b BBponBftcREX'b CTpanaxi Maia 



*) TaMae, 230-54. 



222 P7GCK0B BOFATGTBO. 

y;^oBJ[eTBopflJiH ero h npaqEHH TaRofi HeyAOBieTBopeHHOcrn vb cboio 
o^epeAB HejirHmeHii Esrepeca. Bi noj[biir& pyccKift nyfiiHctHcrb na- 
j.ojs,Bjn> HeyM^peHHUfl npeHMyn^ecTBa j^opHHii, KOTopua €ocj[&6ejib ca- 
mie saROHu, bi Hnqio apHBejocH BJiacTB KopojieBcsyi), yricHEJia HHSKiil 
Hapojp» aoA'B secTORHirb HroifL rbxi, koh 6h aojshh 6HTb ero san^HT- 
HBKB, £ HaKOHeifL Bit cEMyi) cj[a6ocTE» H descHJiieoTeqecTBo npHBeJQ[fl> . 
Bi TepMaHiH ycTaHOBjeAO Tasoe pasjinqie tvb cTenesfli'B caHaro 6jaro- 
poACTBa», qro Fb peaynTarb SHaTHoe abopahctbo, «ecj[n He ^BSHie- 

GKHITB, TO HOpaibHUVB 06pa30M'L» npHrbCHflOTb HO TOJIbRO HHSmiO 

CAOH HapoAa, ho h npooTUXii ABopanx. BoHei^iaHCRie ho6hih «cyTb 

B'b CaHOMlt JS.ixb HeSOJIbHHRH no CTpOrOCTH SaROHOBl BHyTpa HXli 

rpa^a, n TepaHH— bi uoRopenHux'b Hirb o6;iaGTflXT>» RaRi Toro abo- 
pflHOTBa, TaRi H npocToro HapoAa>. B'b AHr;iiH» vjii «cocTOflHie Cjraro- 

POAHUXI TOJIb CM'&maHp Cl» APyrHMH COCTOHHiflMH, ^TO HOTTH HO^yBCT- 

BHTOJibHafl qepxa HXb pa3;](tjLfleTi», eciafis ho ifyApne saROHH, yora- 
HaBJTHBaiomie pasA'^Jieflie BjiacTefi, «to 6k jierRo Horjiro BocHOci'bAOBaTB, 
mo&b oropqBTejsbHue hxi cnopn bi napjaMOBTb TORaMH RpoBH yno - 
HJiHCb». «Ho oAHaRO n npH BC'bxi ohxi My^puxi ysaRoneHiBXi ho 
spHMi Mu Bi> ArjunscROH'b HapOAt cero 6e3apHCTpacTifl, HeRopucTOiiK)- 
6ifl H 6j[aropoACTBa, ROTopua OTjiBqaK)'rb vb aapoAU, Roa yutpoHHO 
BOBBUCHJIH CBoe ABopflflCTBo; HO qjiOHU HXi napjianeHTa no 6ojbinea 
qacTH noARynJOHU, aaGpanie ne AocTofiHUX'b, ho no CTpacTam* A^aoTca; 
BoxAH axi He TOJIb cjiaBbi a djaronoiyqifl rocyAapcTBy an^yrb, RaRb 
npBfiuTRy, napoAi* o6nie OTaron^eaii tojibro noAaibMH, qxo noTra ca- 
Muft BOBAyx'b noRynaTb ji^oixewby. HaRonei^'L, Bb HaAepjianAax'b 
^vimaacTBO HaAii fiiaropoAHUMB npeaiiyn^eoTBO aMierbi h BayTpen- 
aie pasAopu, BoaMyn^eaia, norepa qacTa rocyAapcTBenHoft TeppaTopia 
«H CTUAHoe noRopcTBo qysairb Aopacaaairb cyib wiO]i,u nopoqaaro axb 
yoTaaoBjreaia a aeo6y3AaBia HttpoAHoft BiacTa*.*) BpaAi* Jia ojiyqa&HO 
Bb BTOifb nepeqat ORaauBaeTca nponyn^eaaoS <[»paai;ia. Ecjia npanoMaarb, 
HTO Aifl cyifipeaaaro B03Bi3meHia» ABOpaHoraa aBTopb omdJUi Hysc- 
Huirb OTRpuTb acRJwqBTeJibHO OHy OAHOMy Aoorynb ri BUcmaM'b 
ifbcTaMb B'b rocyAapoTBeaaoft cj[ys6i, ocBo6oAHTb ero orb ynjiaTbr 
noAaTeft **) a caa6ABTb oco6uMa laqHHMa npaaaiia, ROTopna, ot- 
A^Bfl ero OTb ocTajibBux'b RjaccoBX oCn^eoTBa, BMtcrt ho cosAaaaia 
6u aHTaroHBSMa MexAy Hani a BepxoBHon sJiacTbio, to ae 6yAeTb, 
KasoTCfl, qpe3HipH0K) CM'bjiocTbK) npeAnoJiosBTb, hto B'b ero rjiasaxb 
Haa6oiie 6jB3RHMb rii aAeajiy o6pa8itoM'b pacoaajiocb aMeano noio- 
senie ABopaHcraa crapofi ^paai^ia. 

OcTaHOBBMCfl SAtob H co6epeirb cAiAaaaua Hana ao caxi nop'b 



*) TaMate, 254—6. 

**) Tawae, 246— 7; no MffhaiK) airropa, Haaorn na abophhctbo BHBBaHH 
MBna qpesM^pHOH) KopucTbio: ^Ay^'^ KopiiicToiio6ifl, BceaaBiuificfl orb nisoero 
BpeaeHB bo bc^ npaBHTejbCTBa cB'bTa, y^HHHji'By qto rjiaBHBie npaBHTeJuar ro- 
cyAapcTBi* sa vecTB ce6t cqnTaK)T'B, ocjih aoryTi* h^ckojibkhmh n;H(I)pauH yu- 
HOSBTb cyxMy AOxoAOB'b rocyAapeaux'b". 



ABOPflHCKlft nyBiai^HCTb EKATEPHHHHGKOft 8nOXH. 223 

HaJuoj^eHifl. JSfimwb bt» c^epfi pejrnriB, He oco6eHHO ropaqo, supo'ieirB, 
nponoBiAiiBaBniifiofl, npeHMyn^ecTBOflHo nojiBTH^ecKaa TO^Ka aptHia na 
peiHriD H Ha Bonpocu cBo6o;^ coB'bcTH, npeAnoiTOHie BciirL BE]i,2kWh 
upaBJieHifl MOHapxiH, HMton^eS ochobhub saaoHu h coBiTL <HMeHHTifi- 
fflHX'L Jix)Aefi> npH rocjAapi, ocHOBUBaD^efi AtficTBia BJiacTH Ha BasoHi 
H ;^oiiycKax)ii;efi kphthkj nocjriAHflro noAAaHHUMH, no Rpaflnefi M^pb, 
fii MOMOHTL ero cocraBJieBifl, ^ HaK0H6i^» su^'i^eHie h31 pfl^a o6n^e- 
•OTBeHHUXi KJiaccoBi ;^BopflHCTBa BO HMfl HpEoyn^Hxi eiiy no caMuirb 
jonOBmwb ero sh3hh BpaBCTBeHHUXT* EaqecTBi, BHA^enie, conpo- 
BOSAaemoe TpetioBaHiHMH npHBHierHpoBanHaro nojroseHifl ajih btofo 
«ocj[OBifl h OTrpaHE^eHiH ero oti npoiBii bbicoeod crbHOX), CRa^SH 
^epeax Roiopyio 6£Ijih-6u bo3mosh£i tojibro j^is OTjiibuhnuTh jiai^'b h 
<oipaHa KOTOpofi nopy^ajiacb 6u BHHMaHiK) h 3a6oTatf^ rocy^apcTBa, — 
TasoBH ocHOBHUfl DOJioxeaiH, Ki ROTopuirb npemeji'L II1|ep6aT0Bi npn no- 
Mon^H saaaAHOfi ({^Hioco^cKOi h noiHTH^ecKofi UTeparypiii, npaB^a, 
He BcerAa Bnojint hicb ycBoeHHoi h nopox) nojiy^aBmefi no^i ero 
nepoMit opnrflHaiBHoe h ho cooTBtTCTBOBaBmee oyn^HocTH efl E^eft 
TOJiEOBanie. Ji^kjio bt> toitb, ^to vh BZjpa6oTRt bthxi nojiosemft 
7HacTB0Baj[0 h BJtiflHie $aRTOBT> A'^ficTBHiejibHoi sbshh, HoaMufi xa- 
paRTepi OTHomenifl IIl^ep6aT0Ba Kb sanaAHofi JiHTepaxypi n't 3Ha?H- 
TOJUbHOfi cxeneHH saBHc&jii otb Toro, qxo bi pasSopi npe^cTaBjreH- 
Huxii eD Teopii ohi ctohji'l na lo^Ki sptniH, bx HeMaioS irbp'b yse 
npoAOQpeA'biieHHoft ycJioBiflMH ero coi^iajibHott cpeAH. Pbdqe Bcero 
<cRa3aBniHCL bi> eto BsruAaxik na cocjtoBHuft cTpoft, TaRoe BiiHHie, 
XOTH E ex HeHBmeX) CHJIOft, npOflBJUJIOCL H Bl jD[pyrflxx CTopoHaxi» 

-ero Bossptmfl. Bii obok) oiepeAB nocjrbAHin aojeshu 6kuih nocjiyxHTb 
jUfl Hero HcxoAHHMB nyHRTaMH RpHTHRH, oOpan^eHHofl Ha ORpysaB- 
myD ero A'bBcTBHTejiLHOCTb. Mu bha'^kh yse, tto bshjii pyccRit 
ny6iBi^cTL y oBponeficRofi mucih; xenepb naMi npeAcroHTb o6pa- 

THTBCfl R'b TOMy, Ha RaRHrb flBJieHiflXl pyCCROM Sn3HH COCpeAOTO^BJIOOB 

STQ BHEManie h RBRifl nonpaBRH on xoriA'b bhocth bt> hhxi, pyRO- 

HOAflCb CBOHMH TeopeTHqeCREMH BBVJLOJlflMSL. 



II. 

noBOAH, ROTOpHe BUBHBajiH nyfijnii^CTHqecRyi) A^TeibHOCTb 
II(ep6aT0Ba, no6ysAui ero R'b RpHTBRi lixi hjih hrhxi CTopoH'L shbhh, 
-(iujiH noTTH TaRX xe pa3Hoo6pa3BU, rbri h caMUfl tomu ero npoHS- 
BeABHift. MnorAa ohi naxoAHJix laRott noBOAi bi cbohxi cj[yse6HUX'b 
06fl3aHH0CTflX'L H Vb laROH'B cjiy^ai ero coo6paseHifl npEBBnajiH xa- 
paRTep'B npoeRxa, npeAcraBJiflBniarocfl aBTopom nenocpeACTBeHHO 
HMoepaTpHni h HOCEBmaro xapasTepb CRopte AOEJiaAHofi sanHCRH, 
HeseJiH ny6jiHip[CTHqecRaro TpaRTaxa; HHorAa noAofiaue npoeETii no- 
xaBaJiHCb HM'B H BHi ero npaHott cjiyse6Hofi c^epu, na hto ohi 
OAHO BpeMfl, no Rpafinefi irbpi, Hirki'L, noBEAHuoMy, h pa8p:bmeHie 



v^f#^"«* 




P7GGR0B BOrATCTBO. 

ERaTepHHH *); TaROBu, HanpHMipi, ero <IIpoeKTi» o Hapoj^HOMi* 
%[87HeHiH», KaoaBmificfl npe^MeTa, HaCjsAeHie sa Koropuni bxoahio 
Bi Kpyrb ero o6fl3aHHOCTeft, saEi» repojELAHeScTopa, h cIIpoeRTb o 
npHHHHi fl3B£i»; ocofioe MtcTO Bi pnAj o6paii^eHHuxx Ki npasBTeifr* 
CTBy npoH3BeAeHi& II1|ep6aT0Ba saHHManrB. ero MHiHifl, npeA^araB- 
mlflcfl Ha pasoMOTptHie EOHMHCOiH au cocxaBJieHia HOBaro yjioseflia. 
Bt> jifijTETb, H ropasio 6orbe ^acruxi, cjiyqaax'B nOBOAom ki> Ha- 
iiHcaRlD Toro Bj(H Apyraro couHeniH ABiuucfl HSAaHHutt npaBUTexB- 
CTBOU'B 3aK0H0AaTejn»HHfi aKTii, BasHBift no CBoeHy SHa^eHiD k 
saTporHBaBQiifi 6j[H3£ie ny6iHi(HCTy HHiepecH; sKCTpeflHue cjiy^an^ 
BpoA'b roJiOAa, paapasHBmarocH Vb PocciH b-b 1787 r., hu neyAa^- 
Haro Ha^aja BTopofi lypei^KOft bo&hh, TaKse no6ysAajiiH ero BpeMH 
on BpeMOHH fipaibcfl 3a nepo h, o6cy»Aafl cneii[iajti>H£iH ifbps na 
xaHHOMy cj[y^aK), KacaTBca BMtcii ci> Tim h ofin^Hxi* ycjioBifi a^a* 
TejiBHOCTH rocyAapcTfia h o6ii^ecTBa. llopoio ero BHHMame oco6eHHa 

npSBJieKaJIH OTAiJIBHUfl CTOpOHU dTOi A^ATeJIBHOCTH H OHl* 6pa£i Ha 

ce6fl pascMOTptnie Bonpoca 061 hx^b npHunaxB n npoHcxosA^HiH, 
npH^eMi iiy6j[Bi;BCTH?ecKig TpasTaTOb na nojiOBHfly o6paniaJ[Cfl b'b^ 
HCTopH^iecKoe EscjiiAOBanie; laKOBO xoTfl*6H HanOojite H3BicTH0& 
npoRSBeAeHie ero <0 noBpesACHin npaBOB'B bi> PocciH>. Ho npn 
BceMx pa8HOo6pa3iH hoboaobt* h tomi npoBSBeAOHiS, paBflo KajKi- 
cnoco6oBi> nTb o6pa6oTKH, npH ne ocoOeHHO Aase p&akohi npoTHBO- 
pt^iB B'B ^acTBHXi nojioseHiflxi, ojBiyqaH soToparo hu y»e bba'^k 
y II1|ep6aT0Ba h 6yAeMi» en^e HHtTB bosmoshoctb Bft6jiH)AaTB, ochob- 
Hiifl ero uucjih BesAt ocTaDTca OAHiMH h tImh se; npBqeu'B aBTop'B 
ynopHo h HacToMqHBo BOSBpan^aeTCH ki* hhm'l Aase orb tbehxi leirB^ 
CTb KOTopuiiiH, KasaJiocB 6U, OHt HMtiorb o^eHL HBJio o6iii.aro. Bs 
AaibHifiineH'B B3j[oseHiH ms h 6yAeMi cjitAHTB tojibeo sa 8thmh 

OCHOBHbIMn HUCJIfltfH, MHflyfl t£ HaOTHUe nOBOABV, no ROTOpUM'L OHi. 

BucRasuBajiHOB aBTopoM'L. nocTynHTB TaRHiTB ofipasoMi Hatf^ npoA- 
cTaBJtflercH t^hi 6oj[l6 yAofiHuirb, ^to bi Hamy saAa^y o6ni;efi xa- 

paRTepHCTHEH HHCaTeJTfl He BXOAHTB oSCTOHTeJIBHOe HBXOSenie BCtX'B. 

MOMeHTOBi ero jtHTepaxypHofi AiHTeiBHOCTn. 

Oahok) e3'b BasHuxi o6j[acTett napoAHOfi shshh, cocpeAoio^H- 
BaBDUHX'B Ha ce6:b BHHMaHie pyccRaro npaBHiejiBCTBa h o6n^ecTBa B'b^ 
Xym vkKi, 6uj[H Bonpocu i^epEOBnaro ycTpoficTBa n peiHriosEofi 
noiHTHRH rocyAapcTBa. S^epROBEBrft pacROjrb npoA'bHAyn^aro cTOJiiTiB 
npH6aBBJ['B Kb snaqHTeJiBHoiiy h Ces'B topo ROjrHqectBy HHOBipi^eBiv 
asiBniHX'b B'B npeAiiaxx rocyAapcxBa, Macou napoAa, ymeAmifl hbi 
noAi) BiacTH npaBOCJiaBHofl iepapxiH, ycBOHBmifl ce6i hhuo cpaBHH- 
TOJOiBHO 01 rocnoAGTBOBaBniefi i^epROBbD oSpflAU h noA^acb Bupa6a- 
TUBaBmifl HOBue AorHaTU. Ha nepBuxx nopaxi OTHomeHie Rii dxHH'BK 



*) „npoeKirfc npH^HHt fl8BU> HavHsaeTca cJEOsaMH: cduBi ^o6ylSAeHl)^ 
JU060BLH) SI* OTevecTBy k o6oApeB'b noBeji^HieM'B Bamero niinepaTopcKaro Be- 
uiqecTBa, fifipBsao Hi^BOTopufl MH^izifl MOH npeA^oSHTii*'. Coq. I, 721. 




ABpPflHCKlft II7BmiECTb SKATBPHHHHCEOJt 8001 H. 

Haccam buiuoob vb iffopnj npflMoro roseHUi, ho sto 
o(k>cTpHBi» Bonpooi, HHMaio^ xaKfB OKopo yse osasaiocb, ne ooj^ii 
OTBOBaio ero pimemn; vb cBaan ei Ha^aBmeHca Tiwh BpeueneifL 
eeK7iflpH8a]4e& BepxoBHOft BJiacTs, KOTopaa ci XYHI-to BtEa craia 
noHeHHory c6pac£DaTB orb cefis TeoKpaTneosyH) o6ojio^Ky, b-b EaEyx) 
oHa (Siua sasyTaHa bi MocKBt, sto o6cTOflT6j[BCTBO itopq;^jio rojo * 
6aHie npaBHreiBCTBeHHoft hojihthkh bx a&hhoitb Bonpoct. yse npa 
nexpl oxtiaHa 6ii2a nepBaa cjia6afl nonuTRa HlcKOJn»KO oSjier^HTB 
roHOHie nyneiTB ssirlHeHifl ero ^opira, b ycsieHHiifl ero upeeMHHKaMH 
Hipu npoTHBB paoKOiBHEKOB^ 61UH BHOBL, H 6ojrbe dAa^HTejnbHO, 
ocjiafijieHii CB BOi^apeHieiTB aBTopa HaKasa, npoBoariamaBmaro, too 
croHeHie leJioBtieciue yjui pa8;Q)aasaerB, a ^ossojieme b^phtb no 
CBoeny BaROHy yiiHr?aerb h camifl secTOsoBHiHUfl cep;ma». IIpeRpa- 
lUeHie roHenifl npeAcrasiuo OAsaKO oo6od nosa emjd tojcbko oxpe- 
i^axeiBHoe yoioBie js^sa ptoeHia Bonpoca, cpexcTBi ace jsi> noioaKE- 
TeiBHOMy BOSAifcttcTBiD Ba pacKOiBHaKOBB no npesHeMy ae aaijiocB 
wh pyRax'b y npaBHTeACTBa. Ob Apyroft cxopoHH npodyxj^aaniiftca 
H BB Bucmax'B DO o6pa30BaHiK) RpyraxTi o6n^eoTBa 6orbe codaaxexB- 
Hui peJiBiiodHiifi HBxepeeB bojtb rt HexoBOXBcxBy ^pesaipao saaa- 
cflMfioii nojioseaieHi i^epasa ax rocyj^apcxai. 

IIi;ep6axoBX bb cbohx'b coiaaeaiai'B y^iiajTB aeaajio aicxa a aaa- 
Maaia nojioseaiio pyccaoft i^epaaa ero Bpeaeaa. Ilpaiaau, coBjiaBmia 
8x0 noioseaie, obb aaxo^ajTB wb nponuoirB, yoaaxpasaa bxb o^ao- 
Bpeaeaao wb ;^cxBiarB catxcaaro npaaaxeuoxBa a bb xapaaxept 
Ayxoaeacxaa. Mips, npaaaxiia nexpoai BejiaaairB no oxaomeaiD r'b 
cnoco6aM'B aosAiftcxaia ii;epRBa aa aapo^B, oaib c^iaxarB pasyMauMH 
b'b ooaoat, xaKib aaax oaft 6uie aanpasjieau rb yaaTOoseain eye- 
alpia, ao npesAeapeiieaaHMa a noxoay npaaecmaaa vfeji;b BMicxo 
nojusH. <B'B Poccia 6opoAy o6pa80irB 6osiairB noqaxaxa a aa rpkrb 
ciHxajia ee 6paxB, a ^pesx cie anaAaia B'B epecB. HyAeca, 6e3B ayx^H 
yqaaeaaua, aBieaaue ofipasKE, piASO AORasaaaiie, noacDAy npocJiaB- 
lajra, npaBJieaaia cyeaipaoe fioroMOJrie a A^aia aoxoah pasapax- 
auiiB OBani6aaocj[ysaxeJui]rB>. IlexpB asir&aajrB Bffk axa nopaARa, 
ao CA'^jiajTB OBB 8x0 cxorxa, RorAa aapoA'B en^e 6ujrb aenpocain^eaB; 
a xaab, oxaaaaa cyeaipie y aenpooain^eaaaro aapo^a, owb oaayio 
atpy R'B 6oseoxBeaaoMy aaaoay oxaaaajTBi. Mea^y linB, tAyxoaaHit 
^aax, Roxopuft ero ae ja>6afl'B sa oxaaxie csoeft aiaoxa, rpeai^ b-b 
xpaaax'B eosiaxi ero naaerapaRaiiai. Oco6eaao cfljn»ao aanaAairB 
III^ep6axoFB ob 8xoft xo^rb spiaia aa Oeo^aaa IIpoRonoBBia, roto- 
puft, no ero cioaaiiB, ai caoeft «IIpaBAi boju Moaapmefti ooxaaaji'B 
<naaaxaaRB xecxa a aoAo6ocxpacxia * aoaamecRaro asaoieauo rocy- 
AapcRoayi *). ^yroft*aeAocxaxoR'B^ Roxopuft RoacxaxapoaaiB IS^ep- 
OaxoBX BB pyccROiTB AyxoBoacxai, saRjiD^aioa bb MaioaB paenpo- 
cxpaaeaia cpoAa aero saaaia. Bet 8xa npaiaau a coBAaia naAoaie 



*) nO noBpesxeaia HpaBOB'b*', P. Cxapaaa, 1870, II,*36, 35. 

M 1. Oixin 2. 15 



226 PFCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

^ aBTopBTOTa npaBOCJiaBHoi i^epsBE, xomeAinee xo Toro, vro paeROi^ 
HHXE^ flBHHe H TdAjOLe, «ecjrH He xpetb, to, no KpafiHoft M'Ipft, ^er- 
BepTyx) flfiJOD noAxaro napoAa co^hhhiotl^. CpoACTBa, KOTopuMH di- 
caieJiB pasc^HTUBajTB noBJUATb Ha bto noioaiceHie h HSiiiHnTb ero» 
BUTOKajra saKTi hsi SHasoinix'L yse naiTB oGh^hx'b ero BBrifl^oFb 
Ha peisriD, Tanx h hbi Ha6jooAeH^ ero Ha;(i» pycoKOi) AiftcTBETeu- 
hoctbx). iPacKoiBHBKn cynpflMH ■ 6icH0Bipu bi cBoeft Bipi» h, 
BOAH cHjnbHjx) nponaraHAy en, MesA7 npoHEiTB h npH nOMonqi cbo- 
ETb HaTepiaiBHU^sL'L cpe^OTBi, caMH He nojsABxytesL HHKaKHH'B j6ixflfi- 
HiiiirB. noJiHTHKa neipa,. Koiopult «tfHerEMH BasoHaiiH crapaioii hxi 
yTicHHi%», 6iua HSiri^HeHa ero npeeMHHRaHH, ho toibxo noTOMy, ^to 
OHH He npoHHJuni HaAiesanprii'B o6pa30irL Vb npH^HHH nocrynKOBi 
BToro BOJiHKaro HOHapxa. Bi A'&icTBHTeiBHOCTE, cxoTfl npHHyxAOHie 
Bi Bipk H eoTB flBJUiS)ii^eeca h'^^to BecLMa cypoBoes , ho bi» pacKOcb 
ectb H HHaH CTopoHa. SaHflTifl a'^^^mh noTpoBCKoS TaSHOH Eani^e- 
jiapiH jGipjBuiz aBTopa bt> cymeoTBOBaHiH ope^H pacROJiLHRKOBi aaro- 
BopoBT» npoTHB'B IleTpa, onpaB;i;uBaBniHXCfl npeAcraBieHieMit o HeJTB, 
KaRT> o6t> aHTHxpHCTi HJQi ero npeAmecTBeHHHRt, Bosoxanie npoTHBi* 
KOToparo eoTb a^o 6oroyroAHoe. Totl se bztjul]{% no ero yB:bpe- 
HiK), coxpaHHJTB GBOK) CHJiy wb pacROJit H HO OTHomeHix) Ri npeoM' 
HHRaMi IIcTpa Ha npecrojii h ho noABeprca cepBesHuirB HBHiHeHiairB 
BOJi^ACTBie npoRpan^eHia roHenia: cxoth TaRHXT* 6icH0B'6pHEiX'B no- 
crynROBi h HeocroposHHX'B npoTHBy Honapxa h ne bhaho wb hexx, 

HO Be3Ai, TAt OHH HOryTB Cb HtROTOpOK) HaAOSAOD HORaSaXB CBOX) 

HenaBHCTB npoxHBy rocyAapa h poccifloRofi i^epRBH, He ynycRaH)n>, 
AORasaxejiBcxBOirb ^eiiy ciyxHxi yqacxie hxi vb npoHOXOAHBrnnx^ 
fiynxaxi. Bee axo A'^^aexi orb <HecyHHHxeiBHO ooacHUMH jifio, npa- 
BHxej[BOXBa». npaMoe roaeHie aa pacROJiT* npeAcxaBUJiocB OAaaRo 
II]^ep6aT0By neseiaxejEBEHirB, xaK'b reri oho BOo6n^e jramB noHoraexi> 
pasBHxiD rOHHMofi Bipu, a vb AannoirB ciy^ai, odpan^eHHoe na sna- 
^raxejiBHyD Maocy napoAa, Morjio 6u OBepx'B xoro hobocxh rx onaoHiorB 
nocjrbACXBiaiTL. «n xaRO ae roHeaieui a aaRasaHleM-b, ao aaoxaajie- 
HieMi, cTHAOiTb H yfiuxRaMH HaAiesHxi Hxi Hcxpe6jiaxB». npeAia- 
raenaa nporpanMa Miponpiaxift no oxaomeaiK) ri paoROJiy cooxb^t- 
cTBoaao Bxoay pacnaAajiacB aa xpa paAa MipB. Aaxopx ea aceiajii, 
qxotfH vb Mlcxa noceieait pacROJUbaHROBii nocsiJiaiacB xopomie cbh- 
n^eHHERH, Roxopiie, oo<{j[X)Aaa ntROxopue ofiBiqan paoROjnbHHROB'B, 
npio6piTajiH 621 rhwb ETb yaasenie, qro^H SHanntie cBan^eaaaKa 
roBopajra.aapoAy noyqeaia cfiesi siofiu h pyraxencxBa, ho xhxhm'b 
o6pa30M'B> a qxo6u yaejaqeao fiiuo qacio mROJTB ct» npenoAaBanien b 
rpeqecRaro asuaa a b'b aaxi npaBJieRaiacs pacRoiBaaRa, Roxopue 
npio6piiH 6hi xaRairB nyxeiTB BosMoacaocxB yCiABTBoa b'b onpaBeAia- 
Booxa acnpaaieaia i^epRoaauxit RaarB. JtflJLie owb sexaiti BosodaoBiieBiif 
AJUE pacROJEBBaROBi «oxj[aqHOGxa noHOCHoft», yoxanoBieHHoi js^jisl hhxi» 
nexpoMi, Bi BHAi aomeaia pasaoi^Bixauxi jiocRyxBeBx Ha oaosa^. 
TpexBe xpeCoBanie ero oboahjoeoob r'b xoay, qTo6u aia pacROJiBaaROB^ 



ABOPflHCRlfi nyBIHI^HCTB BKATBPHHHHCKOfi dOOXH. 227 

<uj[H yBeiHiOHH noj^aTH a nocTofiHaa dobehhoctb h Tro6£z Buioii 
trb riwb OHH 6iuh nmeHH npasa BoryiraTB vb noxpflAH, ABJULTBoa 
CBHAiTejuMH Ha oyA'b h nopyiHiejiflMB, ho 6uj!h npiBJie^eHH ri 
0T6HBaHii) BEi6opHOfi ropoAOKOfl oj[ys6u, lasi KaKB «HeynoTpe(SAeHie 
■XB BB oiys6Bi He TOKMO BB HasasaHie hmb, ho en^e bb noJiBsy o6pa- 
Tuiocfl, noeiHsy cin ciysfiu ecTB TarooTHU Apyi^MB Kyni(airB» *). 
AyxoBHoe BosAittcTBie bb KOHii;t rohi^obi saHHMajo bb 8Tofi npo- 
rpaHMi nmB o^ohb neBHAHoe mIcto bb cpasfieHiH cb ?hoto naTepi- 

4UBHHMH JIHineHiflHff, ROTOpUfl JfEHIB CB BOOBMa fiOJUBHIOD HaTHHROfi 
HOXHO 6jijiO 6VI OTIH^HTB OTB rOHBHifl. Ho npaBHTOJIBCTBeHHaa OHJia, 

npaRTERyDH^aa 8te mmeHiH, AOJi^sHa 6iua A^ficTBosaTB ne ctojibro 
paAH BoscTaHOBjenifl i^epROBHaro eAHHOTsa, croaro bb cbobxb Heno- 
<)peACTBeHHUxB HHTepecaxB, HanpaBJiflflCB npoTHB^ npoAnoiaraeMon 

HOlHTH^eCROfi TeHAOHI^iH pacROJia. 

ToTB se caMuS o6mift BsrjuiA'B cb Coibhiok) nocjiiAOBaTejiBHOCTBi) 
npHiaraicfl ID^ep6aT0B£[Hi» h rii SHBniHMB bb Poccih HHOBtpi^aiii. 
Bb hx^ pHAy 6ro oco6oe BHHMaHie npHBJieRaiH HacejiflBmie KaaaE- 
CRyn, CBM6HpcRyK) HOpeHSyprcRyi) rySepniH laTapKi, 6aniRHpu n iien^e- 
pflRH — HcnoBiA^HRH MaroneTaHCRofl pejiHriH, ROTopaa «bb pascysAO- 
Hia nojiHTE^ecRaro cocioHHiH Poccin npeAocyAHTejiBHa». IIpeAOcyAB- 
TaiBHOCTB dTa 3aRj[DHajiacB bb TOMB, ^TO A^HHaa pemrifl oeadUBaerb 
'CBOHXB nocji^bAOBaiejiefl rb BpasA^ cb xpHCTiaHaifH, eme ycHiEBaio- 
meflca y laTapB BoonoHHflaHioM'B o npesHenB hxb BJiraAH^ecTst naAB 
Poccieft, I CBflsuBaeiB hxb cb Typi^ieS, Roiopod ohh BCflnecRH h 
suRasuBaJin CBon npoAaHHOCTB bo BpoMfl ea boShb cb pyccRHME. 
OnacHOCTB, rpodan^afl otb HHOBipia, laRHKB o6pa30MB h bb 8tomb 
•ciy^a'b coxpaHflOT'B ^hcto nojiHTHqecRiK xapaRxepB. Mtpu, npHHE- 
MaBmiflOfl EpaBETexBCTBOMB RB efl ycTpaHOHiD, BB rjiasaxB pasfiEpaB- 
maro exb nyfijiEi^ECTa npoACTaBjifljtECB cosepnieHHO HeAOCTaTo^HmiE. 
Oni CBOAEJIECB RB Harpi^aMB . 3a RpeniCHie, ooBo6osAeHiK) nepexo- 
j^HBEiEXB BB npaBOCJuaBie MaroM6TaHB OTB 3acj[yseEHBixB EME panie 
HaRasanift h rb safieAeHix) Ay^OBHBixB y^Hjan^B AJia BOonETaEiE A'b- 
Tei HaroMeTaH'B bb* xpEGTiaacRoft Bipi^^ no ace bto ejie se aocte- 
raio opeAQOJioseHHofi ^^jol ejdie ace e ho Hono aocte^b ea. Bb jleu,^ 
jiaroMeTaflB, npEsaBniEXB RpemeEie ESB-sa aarpaAU, AepROBB npio- 
.{piTaia He ai^pHuxB xpscTiaHB, a «6e3COB'boTHuxB jiK)Ae8», nocry- 
HasEiie TaREMB ,^^o6pa30MB paAE EstiisaEia HaRasaaiA bb cyn^socTE 
He emAjlel HERaRofi pejiEriE e tojibro ysExajEE cauyK) xpECTiaECRyK) 
Btpy; ^To se RacaoTCE eirojtb, to ost <Ee tormo hb cnoco6ctfiOBajiE 
JCB pacnpocTpaseHiD Bipu, so na^e b'B HesaBECTB ee epeboaejie, 

h60 AyXOBEUtt pOCCi&CRifi lEHB, EOAB HBEHB B^^A'^HieiTB cIe mRO.lU 

H)ocTOflJ[E, tojib 3ioynoTpe6jieaiE ^eheib, hto 6oiBniaa lacTB ohuxb 
orpoROBB noMRpaiE, a s Apyne EonomeaEHe orop^enia e neEsyieE- 
Hue xpEcriascROHy 3aR0Hy buxoaeie>. Bb OBoeft rpeter^, eoxoaeb- 



♦) ^CxaTacTEKa b* paacyKAOHia PocciH", Coi., I, 551—7. 

15* 



226 , P7GCK0B BOFATCTBO. 

met H3% UpHSHaHifl Hey ao<$ctbi npsnioH HaTepiaAHux'B mothbob^* 
vb jsjbiBM'b Bipir, aBTopB xaKx 6yATo ciaHOBHircfl Ha Aopory, ^esjajjo 
Kb npoBOsrjEaineHix) npBBi^Hna BipoiepimocTH; vb AifioTBHTejEBHocTH^ 
OAHaKo, MHCiB ero pa6oTaxa Vb mowb sanpaBJieHiH h npHBOAHia ero 
B% saKjrD^eHiBiTB coBciirb Apyroro po^a. Bi ycjiOBiflX'B coBpeMeHHOft 

eny ;i:i&fiCTBHTeJ[BHOOTH OVb HaXOAHJTB GnmBOBTB MBJIO BOBMOaKHOOTB 

EaAiflTLOfl Ha jorpaHeHie HenpiaTHUxi euj oropoHi MaroMeraHOTBa 

HCBJIX)^HT6JI[BH0 CEIOD yfiiSAeHlH, H 8T0 SaCTaBJIflJIO 61*0 BiI8£ZBaTB Ha^ 

ci^eHy cHJiy vb npHMOirb cmhgiA btofo oioBa. «MEi Beobva rpjjijKy 
flBJKflercfl, HHcan oh*b, oIh napoAK vb xpHcriaHCKifi sasoH^ npHBecTH; 
h6o ogih ocofixHBaro XHXocepAifl na ehxi BosecKaro He 6y;^erb, to* 
Tpy;^HO TaEOMy AT^oBHOMy qnHy, xasoBi y nacrb octb, A^atB o6pa- 
n](eHiH, H TaKO Kaseros irai, HTo6'b si AT^oBHinrB y^in^aHiflirE He 
xyAO HiKOTopue npHfiuTO^Hue a'a otfpan^eHHSix'B ciioco6ii iiphioxhtb>.. 
PyKOBOAflOb BTBiTB coodpaaEeHieiTB, ohi npeAAaraii, pflxoirB ci yoH- 
jienieMX pejmiloBHOt nponaraHAKt nyrein* nponosiAH na ASHKaz'B- 
EHopomeBi H nepeBOAa na bth flaiiKH i^epKOBHUX'L RHHrb, astb iBroTs 
HOBoo6pan^eHHUBrB wb ynjiaTi no/^aTeft h orSHBaniH Giys6u h noorofi* 

HOfi nOBEHHOOTH, HafijCDAaTB, 1T06£Z OHB Hd HOIQITEIBajrH npHitoHeHitt' 

CO OTopoHU ;(yxoBeHCTBa^ h aosboutb hm'b saHflTia HiBOTopsMH cnpH- 
6111BH11HH MacTepcfBaMH>, xoTopnH sanpeTHTB MaroMeTanairB. cCIr 
0110C06U, saKJiDiaii OVB, MHorHxi» no6yAfln KpecTHiBoa, a oAHHOsa- 
ROHie yMHOSHTB cHiy rocyAapcTBeHHyi)>*).nepeAiHai[E,xoTHH oiipaB- 
AHBaoHafl HOBKMH MOTBBaiiH, Ta SO ciapaH nporpanMa, na KOTopyx>- 
TaRi oypoBO Hana^ai^ bphthei, tojtbbo en^e otiocTpeHHaa h Hoiy^DB- 
mafl 6ojr&e arrpeccHBHufi xapaxrep'B. 

3HaqHTejn»H0 yaee xflr^e h cHHcxoffHTej[BHie ornocHJica II](ep6aT0Bib. 
B'B npeAoraBHTejniM'B j^pyrsx'B peiHrift wb FocciH. IIpaB^a, h no otho- 
menlK) ki hhmt> ohb HacraBBai'B na Heo6xoAHMO0TH aia npaBHTOJiB- 
cTBa TB^aTeiBHaro HafiiDAOHiH sa Hapo;(aMHy ne npHHaAiesaniEHH z'b^ 
roonoACTByvmieMj BipoHonoBiA^Hix), c^HTaa aro oooCohho BasHuirB 
Vb rbTL cjKy^asx'B, Borxa Taxie napoAu noA^HHHxnrofl B'B Bonpooaxii 
peJiHriH jiHi](y, sEBymeMf bh^ npeaiiOB'B rooyAapoTBa, xaxi bto 6iuo 
erb xaMaHCiaHH — ^xanraxaini, canoe dlrcTBO xoTopfm hbi PoccIh Vb 
1771 r. OH^ o6BflOHfljrB BHymeHiflifH jraMi. 3a to Hexxifl lueMeHa 

CHfiBpCKHX'B HHOpo;^I^eBl, OCTaBaBmiHGH BB fl8£[^eCTB&, HO HO Mormift 

cosAaTB Hnxaxoft onaoHocTH jsjui rocjAapcTBa, BHSUBaiH B'B nncaTeorfc 
co^yBCTBie E^b oBOOHy noioxoHiiD. «MHt cjiy^Hioca, nnoarB oh%, bo 
KHornxB A&HHHX^ AU KoMMHOcin yjioxeHia HaxasosB otb cnrB na- 
poAOB'B flxi* AonyraTairB cxumaTB, tto ohh Bci na 6e3?eiOBt^ie b 
M3A0HMCTB0 [00008% saxyDTCfl, KOTopuo no^i HMeHeiTB nponoBiAHH- 

KOB'B rpa6HTB H My^IETB HXl ^BJXflTb. TaXOBHH HpOHOBtAH, KOHOnO, 

HO MoryTB xopomaro HHiHui o saxoHi, xoTopHft cIh aiiocTOjni npo- 
novkjajKiTbj noASTB, otb tofo h A^ioTBHreiBHo Maio ofipan^enitt jsfbr- 



*) TaMae, 557-60. 



ABOPflECKlft nyBIffl^HCrb EKATEPHHEHCEOft 8n01H. 229 

jiaeiQii, Aa H rt He HoxpeHHifl, a tosmo no Hesoii yuHeHHiiB. Ho, 
no spaftHOfi Hipi, naAiesaio 6u noAJMaiB, tto li asii om napo- 
AOBi, KOTopue npHMyTL xpHCTiaKCKift sasoffB, oqacTUBie yuHaroa; 
kirb, OHE liH'L en;e 6oiie noABoprajrcA vy^TejELoiBy h mbaohm- 
*0TB7 noQOBcxoHy. Ohh, isAS no hxi DpTam, ' npsMt^aiOTi) see 7 
cHXi tjAO Hsy^eHHZiX'B xpHCTiaH'B a eciE xoxii Maioe ^0 npoiEBj 
upaBHn H npoAaHiS xpHciiakcEaro sasoHa npHirbTarB, to ho toeho 
:2ReoTOKO Ha A^ HasadyDTB, HO a pasopaDTB exj> sojchso mosho». 
IIofiyaEAaeMHi cBoairb HOAOBlpiea^ sii AT^OBeacTBy, U^epfiaTOBi ne 
"FOJiuo- xoiin orpaaaqaTb ero iipoa3Boii> vb HaRasaaiaxi BOBOo6pa- 
n^oHHUxi HBAaaieirB no 8TOE7 noBOAy ocotfuxi npaBan on CnHOAa, 
KOTOpiza- Bificrt (tb Tim* acKJUDqan 6u a8i» ^acjia aaiaraoHHxi Ay- 
xoBOHCTBOirB Rapx TiiecHua HasasaHia a Jiameaie Hay^ecTBa, ao a 
npooExapoBajTb nocTaaaTb caMyx) pexarioaayx) nponaraaAy vb Taaia 
ydOBia, BOTopiu BB cyn^EocTa 6hju 611 paBaocaiLHH ea npespanie- 
aix), npeA^araa aaeaHO sanpoTaiB CBan^eHEaKavB isAHTb ao yjiycaHt 
a aadaaHBTB hmi au nponoaiAH onpoAtieaaua aiora, fa'^ 6isl oaa 
^ noy^aia npExoAan^ax'L. ToBopa asH^aasaxT* EBponeficsoS Poc- 
H^ia, ^yaaniaxi, ^epeaacaxi^, MopABi a BoTaaax'B, oai a no oiao- 
meaix) st» hhhi oiai^aJTb ni so npiejoi ofipameaia: xoth oaa «yBi- 
n^iaiaMH, a 6osbmQ oejlojo a CEioaeaH» st> npaaarii) xpaoriaaoTBa, 
^0 8T0 o6pan(eaie 6uio a ooraxocb ?aoTO ^opaaiBaiiH'L, Aft n ae 
Mono 6uTB aaHHTi, lasi sai» nponoBiAHBxa ae npaaaaan aa ce6a 
^yAa aayHBTb ax'B heue'b, nepoBecxa aa aero CBan^eaaua Kaara a 
AiaTeiBBO saaaTLca nponoaiAUO, <ho tokho Taai, sasi vb 6aai), 
TaE'b axi so spen^eaiD BOAajia a, jiflB'b aai specn, soropuft oaa 
no rpyfiocTH cBoeft aisiaa'B TaiacaaaoiTB no^aiauTb, o6pa8'L, eoto- 
puS oaa ^htb aa aAOia, a sanpen aai iovb aaco no nocraaii, 
'Hero oaa ae acnojaaiorBi, ciaTaBTb cBoe js!bio soaieaasorB *)* 

Kasii BBAaiTb, OTb BAea BtporepnaMocia npa npairlaeaia ea na- 
caTejieH'B jpb ycjoBiaa'B pycosott A'^fioi^BarejiLaooTa coxpaaaiaob JusMh 
AOBOuao saiEie ooteteh, a pyocsaro nytiiai^BCTa aanpaoao fisuo 611 
ynpeEaTb bi asiamaeai noAuaeaia TeopiairB Moarecsbe. Pesoaea- 
^yeaaa aai nporpaaaa OTaomeaia rooyAapciBa b% peiaiia asaiaaJia 
-cBott npexaii aoTOiaasii a ocaoBuaaiacB yse ae aa i^epsoaaHX'B, a 
aa rooyAapcTBeaaurb aarepecarb, aoai cymecTBi cBoea^b 8To6iua 
Ta se orapaa nporpaaaa aacajiiiCTBeaHaro BwbnaTeJiBOTBa BJEacraBi 
Bonpocii peiari08Boft ooBicra, Easaa npaKxaEOBaxacb en^e b'b aa^niib 
<€TOJiiTia, a, BOBoraaoBiaa ee, naoaxeib aaxOAan Bosaoxaaa^ acEUo- 
^BTB affB aea TOiBSO npaaoe yroxoaaoe npeoiiAOBaaie aaoBipii[a»i^i(^ 
ptmareibaie B03pasaa npoTaai BoaKarb aauxi oTcrynieaift orb aea, 
JloaymeaaHX'b vb sasaa. H OAaaso aiBOTopuft marb on cTapsxi 
npoAciaBJieaift 6HXb yse OAiiaai. Gacieaa BOABopeaia «eAaao8aEoaui» 
EipaBaTexbCTBeBBOX) caioft vb aaxepeoaxi rocyA^pcTaa lerie aorxa 



♦)-TaMate, 560-4. 



^30 P7CCK0B BOFATCTBO. 

6urb noxBeprHjTa kphthr']^, HeseiH Kor^a laKaa se cHcreMa npanv- 
noBaiacb Henocpe;i;oTBeBHO Ha noiBsy i^epKBv, a apryMeHni, o6pa- 
n^eEHue 3aiipTHHK0M'& srofi cEcteMH npoTSBi orapofi npasTHSH, no^ 
pHBajiH ero co6cTBeHHHfl nojioxeHlA. IIpHSHaHie, ^to croHeHie sa Blpy^ 
ecTb Hi^o BecBMa c7poBoe», h jKasaHie na to, tto noAMicB naie- 
piaiBHUXTi no67SAeHift b'b a^o pexHriosHOft nponaraHAH MOserB. 
TOJEBRo jHESHTb H 3arpfl8HHTB caMji) pezHiw, nxoio rapMOHHpoBaj|]» 
cb npoeKTanH JiHueHifl ynopcTBynnuixx HHOBifcpii[eBX rpaaRAaH6Kia'&. 
npaBx n narpaAU H0BOo6paii(eHHiiirL nyreiTB o62er9eHifl htb o&isaH- 
HocTofi nepeAi» rocyAapcTBOHiy h jhh, 6ojiie aHeprHqecsie h nocjrb- 
AOBaTejTBHHe h Mesie noAAaBaBmieca BJdflHiD ^aKTH^ecKaro ckxi^m^ 

OTHOmeHlt, AOJISHH 6UJIIH CKOpO paS'LeAHEBTB 8TH pasjiHqHiifl ^Bffnt 

nporpanHs h npaiiie h Aai^me noftTH no nyiH, tojibko HaMi^qeHHoiiy 
IIl^ep6aT0BUirB. 

Ty se TO^Ky spinifl nepBOHCTBa rocyAapcTBeHSHZ'B HHiepecoB'B^ 
saxyi) Mu' Ha6j»)Aaj[n vb OTHomeHUix'B II][ep6aT0Ba kt> xepnEiiHirB b'b. 
rooyAapcTBi peumifB, oHi'npHiiiHmiHK^ rocnoACTBynn^eft i^epus 

H, CTOA Ha 8T0fi 'tOlxA SpiHk, HO TOIBKO OAOfipflJTB MipH IleTpOBCKarO 

npaBHTOJiBcTBa, uoHEBmiHca B'B yHHTieseHii) noxHTH^ecKaro SHaqe- 
Hifl i^epEBH H K-B ycTaHOBJieHix) BJdHHifl BepxoBHaro npaBHreiBCTBa. 
Ha BKcmyx) ea iepapxiio, ho h HaxoAHxi 8th lApu He BnoJiKi en^e ao- 
CTaTO^HUMH. cApxiepeH H Apyria Ay^OBHiia jua^a, npHoyTCTBynnuaRB- 
CflHOAi, cyiB j[K)AH no^TeHEBre hx'b canoHi, a qaoro h npoHBipcTBOirB^ 
coqHHHDH^e Kopnycx, HenpecxaHHo 6opi)nufiGa ajia npio6piTeRia ceGL 
6oiBme OHJIH, a B'B oonpoTflBJieHie hhi nocaxeHT» OAHHit ofiepB-npo— 
xypopB, lexoBiK'B He6oj[Bmaro ^HHa h no (oiBmeft qaciH He ciy^afi- 
Huft npH rocyAapi>. Ecih npn TasHX-B yciOBiaxi Ay^OBeHCTBo e^ 
nonurajiocB saxBaxHTB ce6i bhobb 6oJ[Bmyx) BjracTB, to bto o(h>aoHa- 
jiocB, no HHiHix) II](ep6aT0Ba, touko cj[yqafiHUHH odoroaTeiBCTBaira 
H, xora cHKHi i^apcTsyiDn^aa HMnepaTpHi^a, nocjiiAOBaTejiBHBi^a ho- 
Boi $Hj[08o$iH, Kone^Ho, 3HaerB, ao bohx'b mIotb BiacxB Ay20BHaa> 
AOjnsHa npooTHpaTBca h isi npoAiioFB ee He BunycTHTBi, ho bi. 
eyAyn^oM-B catAyeTB onacaiBca Taraxi nontiTOirB *). nodtAyJomaa* 
HCTopia, Earb HSBicTHo, He onpaBAaia sthxi onacenift nyfixai^HOTa XVIIL 
Bixa. Ho, orpei^aa caHocxoarejuKHOcTB i(epKBH| KaKi rocyAapcTBennaro 
yipesAOHiH, oHB B'B TO se BpeMa BsorynarB ot> san^HTOK) HesaBHCH- 
MOOTH HpaBOTBOHHaro yqeaia penriH, aa soTopyio ne aojukhh noxy- 
maTBca yoiaHaBjraBaeiiue BepxoBHOD BJiacTBK) saxoHH, Tas'B xasi vh^ 
npoTHBHOiTB cjiyHai <eAHHiifi saxovB Apy^ofi paapymaoTB, o6a npH* 
xoAaTB B'B npespiaie, cbbtoctb npncara sa hh^to no^HraeToa, B'lfcp- 
HOCTB Ki oToqecTBy H TocyAapi) HcqesaoTii h npaBu noBpesAax)Toa».. 
B'B 8T0UI CMHOjrb OH'B BOScxaBai'B npoTHBi npHBHania pasBOAa, xax'B. 
HapymaDn^aro TaaHCTBO 6paKa, h npoTHBi aaxona, npeAnHCUBaBmaro^ 
«Ban](eHHHxy aohoohtb o6i ysHaHHux'B hmi na HonoBiAH saiiHOJiank. 



♦) Taase, 571—2. 



ABOPflHCKlfl njBJIHiqiCl'B EKATBPHHHHCKOi OnOXH. 231 

HponKB rocjAapfl En rocyAapcTBa, xaK'L KaKT> «ce ecTB saEovB, o^e- 
BHAHO npoTHBy6opcTByi)iiaft saKOHy Boadn e paspymaiDnpft CBflmen- 
jAUmee TaHHciBO aameft Bipu> *). BuicTi ct t&m'b npoTeon co cto- 
poini II1|ep6aT0Ba BHSUBajio h noxpoBflreiBCTBO, OKasnBaBmeecfl Esa- 
TepHHofi II pacnpocTpaHeHii) wb Poccis npocBtiHrejiLHoft ^pasi^yBORofi 
^uoco^^iH n^TeHi nepeBO^oBi co^EHeHii BoiLTepa, MapvoHreiifl h 

jQ^yrHXl aBTOpOBli, nOKpOBHTeZBCTBO, Vb KOTOpOVB OHl ycMaTpHsajTb 

paBHOAymie si peiHria **). 

En^e Vb 6ojiLmeD otieioflTejiBHOCTbi) pa3pa6oTaHU bi co^iEHeHiflX'B 
II(ep6aT0Ba Bonpocu oo6cTfieHBO rocyAapcTeeHHaro 6uTa Poccin. He- 
XOAHUVB nyHKTOM'B AJu Boro H Bjsjkisb cjiyxHTB pe^opMa neTpa h 
jn>6oiiHTHO OTM^TBTB Bi> HHcaTeit, KOToparo Hepl^KO cvHTanTB OBoero 
poAa aABOKaxOKT* MocsoBCSOfi crapEHu, xpaflse 6epexsoe e eo^e- 
Teji&Eoe OTEomeflie e vb Aassoft cropoEi j^jbaresbuoeTK ii;apa-pe$op- 
Maiopa. He nuTaacB oipwofi^sb icflorEx'B EopoKOBii e EeAOcraTEOBi bi 
Ilerpi, ROTopue oAflaBOse bb ero rjiasaxi Eaxo^EiE ce&k fb 6oji[b- 
niEsoTBi cjiy^aoBi AOcraio^Eoe ofiiacseEie vb spaBaxit bdoxe e o6- 

CTOflTeiBOTBai'B lflUO£ SEBEE I^apfl, OE'B GTaBETB JTEUOCTB nOCJCbABErO 

o^eEB BHCOKO. Ji^A Eoro Ilerpi npeAOTaBjuurB, npaBAa, jeb E^eajTB 
rocy^apE, so «Bej[EKaro MOEapxa», n BOTopiufB TpyAso BBiAepKaTB 
cpaBEBEie BOHy 6u to se 6hio Apyroxy. IIonnTBa oCepi-npoRypopa 
CoEaTa, HeKXDAOBa, bobbugetb bt* pi^E, oKasasEofi eo ciy^n sa* 
xjDvesifl nipa cb IIlBeipefi wb 1790 r., EKaiepEEy II Ea o^otb Ilexpa 
BHSBaia BB sem seroAOBasie. «He y Roro se orBSKja) — se 6e3^ 
BposiE nflcajTB OE'B no eroiiy noBOAy, — a neEBme Bcixi y san{efi 
i^apcTByDEiei rocyAapiusi mo6u Be mofb rto qpassflTBCE pasyHOMi, 
BejiE^eoTBOHi A^niE e npo^ee (stfoEi^eAP'BroonoAB bi ^apoBasiEXi^I) cb 
nerpoiTB B., so se emIdtb oee laRoro oiy^afl, ^rro6ii cie EORasaxB^*^). 
IIcTpB AiftcTBOBajfB cpoAE sapo^a senpocBin^essaro, nps TaRErB06- 
CTOSToiBCTBax'B, ROTopiiE SB MoryTB yase 6ojsie BunacTB sa aojoo 
pyccRETB rocyAapei, s noTOsy ero A^flreJiBsocTB se noAxeasETB 0611^- 
Eofi iiipRi, HeAOcraTRE, Rasie II];ep6aT0BB cqsrajrB bobhoxeuitb yRa- 

BatB Jfb 8TO& A^tETeJIBSOOTEy (TB npSEETOft EJTB TOHXE SpiSlE BUBHBa- 

jiEGB o6cTOETejBCTfiaME, SO SB EpEsaAiesajEE caMOMy Ilerpy. IIocjrbA- 
sift EOiBBOBBJica cBMOBiacTieirB^ EO ynoTpB6ifljrB ero sa fijiaro sapo^a 
E rooyxapcTBa e eehitb syieirB se mofb 6s npoBeeis pe^psH cpoAs 
«3arpy6iJiaro wb cboexi o6ii^aflX'B s npoxEBfln^aroca BOERosy npo- 
•Bifl(eflli» sapoxa. Bb sbitb epoebjujdicb, OAsaRo, s crpeiciesiE ssoro 
poAa: ero npasooyAie 6iuo OAssaROBO a^^ Bcixi, osb o6EapyxEBajrB 

Jm60BB R'B ECTE^, XOTE 6il E SBEpiilTEOft lE^SO BMy, OXOTSO C0B6- 
tOBaiOfl Crb OTAftlBEHHE CBOBEE COTpyAEERaVE E CB CesaTOlTB, CIO- 



*) .PamiuBueBUi BaROHOAaTeaBCTB^ Boo^n^e'', Gov. I, 372—8- 
**) ,0 noBpesAeHlH HpasovB vh PocciH**, P. CTapHHa, 1871, HI, 686—7. 
***) fiOrvkTb rpaxAaHBHA aa pt«B, roBopeEHyio... HeKJaoAOBKiMi^, Bh6« 
Jlorp. dancBH, 1859, M 13, ct. 393. 



232 FrCCKOB BOriTCTBO. 

BOM-b, fHjsAft oro saoraBJUiJia 6htb AecnoTom, ho wb oepxi^i OE'k 
Hifirb pacaoioxeHie k, moxho CKasaTb, BJriflHsoe nosHaHie BsasM- 
CTBeHHHXB otSflsaTeibCTB'b roeyxapfl ci nojwMnntmn^*). Tasoft Bsriajo 
Ha Ilerpa noxyqaen cetii ^^onojiEeHie bi H3o6paseHiH II][ep6aT0Biinrb 

HOQUTKH BepZOBHESOBI^ Bl 1730 F., Bl BOTOpoft OHl DOA^epUBan 

efl ojmrapxE^ecxyi) leHAeHi^lD. IIo ero cioBainb, an cboibmosh npeAo- 
npeA^Jom BeiHxoe navlpeHie, esen 6u caHoindie ■ ^ecrojoofiie 
oHoe He noMpa^Hjio, t. e. y^HHHTB ocHOBaTeiBHHe sasoHU rocyAapoTBj 
H BJiacTB rocyj^apeBy cenaTOVL hih napiaiceHTOirb orpasEiiHTB. Ho 
dact^aHie vb ceHart tokmo HioKOXbKHirB po^airB npoAOOTaBUH; Taso, 
yMeHBDiaii HannraniD BiaerB Mosapxa, npe^iaBau ee XHOsecTBy boxk- 
MOsaiTb &b orop^enieiTb MHOsecTBa aHaTHHXii po;(OBT> h, BirfcoTO off- 
Horo, TOMy ^ocy;^apeft co^HHJijni»**). Ho yae npH Hexp*, ho CHorpa 
Ha Ao6puH HaifipeHiH caMoro rocyj^apa. Bit xapaKxepi o6iiiecTBa h 
ocodeHEo aAHHHHcrpai^H CKasajcHCB ohxbhhh nepentHH, BiisBaHHiia 
yciosHeHieirB o6n^eeTBeHHoS shshh, yBeiH^eHiem pacxo^OB'B ■ hohb- 
JieHieirB pocKonm: cna^ajH jidj^ HaH6ojrfce npHBaaHBaTbca vh roey- 
AapD h vb BeiBMosaui, bko ko Hcro^HKRam 6oraTCT&a h BosBarpax- 
A6H]4[». TaBoro poj^a DpHBaaaHHOCTb ID^epfiaTOBi crporo oua^aJTB orb 
npHBHsaRHooTH Kb oanoS «oeo6ft rocyAapoKofi», nacTofiqEBo yxaaHBaa 
Ha CBoeKopHCTHUft xapaxrepi nepaoB: ona 6Hia, no ero cioBairb, <He 
npHBEaaHHocTB BipEHxi noMftHHUxi^ xD6fln](Exi» FOcyAapa h ero qecTB 
H GoodpaxaiDiipixi ace ffb noxBaoD rooyjiapoiBa, bo npHBaaaEEOorb 

pafiOBli HaeMHUIROBl, S6pTByH)IE(HXT> BCO CBOfllTB BUrOAaET* H oGlUir 

EUBaDn^EX'B jiecTHUirb ycep/deirb caoero rocyAapfl» ***). HeiBSfl hb 
caaaaTB, qro axa xapaKTepECTEEa aobojebho to^eo oCpaooBUBaia ape- 
MeEEiEEOBi XYUI Bisa. TpaEiaTB «0 noBpesA6siH HpaBoai vb Poc- 
ciH> E Euijn^cBoei) riaBEOD jj^bja^B yKaaaxb noeiiAOTBifl, BuresaBniiH 
H3i> laEoro HanpaBieHiH rocyAapcTBeHHoftA^uneJiBEocTH, HpHEOxopoH^ 
Ha nepBom niani^ oh OEasHBaxECB bhtoah (ytfllbubBurb JiaiTb, ne- 
peBtmEBaBHria oofioD EHiepeoH rocyAaporaa e biectb aaKoaa. Hi- 
cRoiLEO CTpaHHi^ BTOFO TpaBiaia, 6uTB Moscerb, HaE6oxie ropaqEX'b 
E crpaciHiix'b, 6iuH oTBeAenu aBTopoEi» xapasrepEOTERi EKaxepEHsi 
II H ea oTEomesiE Kb rooyxftpoTBeHHuiTB ji/ksB,irb. Ptesaa a nopox) 
Aaase npHXEpEEBaH KpETEsa ero se nonwAHXft* xaseTca, hh offHot 

CTOpOHH He TOIBKO HpaBHTeiBCTBeHHOft A^OIBEOOTE, HO H HHTHMHOt 

aRHSHE Toi EMnepaxpai^, Eoropyi) eairb ohb bi Apyrot paai aaaH- 
BajTL «coeAEHaDn(eft EaqeoiBa aeisEOi rocyAapuHE n EaqecrBan. 
BOJiEBaro fEJiocofa», ho i^eHrpaiBEiarB nyHBioirB Boei btoIbpetbbk 
ocraBaoocB ofiBEHOHie vb nepaxeHiH Kb cyn^eoTByiHifEirB saaoHain^ 
H Vb oTpemeEiE Kb npoESBOiBEHirB jijbAc^aiany o6BEHeHie, noAcaep* 



*) „P«8cMotptaie EOposazi e caMOBneTlH UeTpa B.," TAMse, 1859» 
}^ 12, 370-1. 

**) „0 noBpeBAeeiH ep«bob%*', P. Cmp., 1870, H, 47. 
***} TaMae, 82. 



ABOFflHGXii ^yBJIR^HGTl EKATEPHHHHGKOfi 8nOXE. 233 

wijsfiBMoe pAAoiTB RpacHopi^HBHX'B (jfBKTowb H onfltb-TaKH noA^epu- 
^aBinee aobojcbho saiiiTHyD h au coBpeiieHHHKOB'b crpyi) b'b a^- 
TenHOCTH ERaTepHHflHCKaro npaBHieiBCTBa *). Ob emfi 6oiie prte- 
&HMH jnpeKaiiH.ofipaii^iicfl E^epdaTOBTi xi JiEiuurB, cTCMiBinHirB bo 
naBi coBpeiieHAofi eiiy aflMHHHcrpaiUH. tBvxj butA — mccajiTi ovh 
m> oAHOicb H3i nocxiAHHX'b OBOHZ'B npoHSBeAeHift, npHHa^JiesaiE^eM^ 
Toft anoxi, xor^a ora axMHiHCTpaipa ooo6eHHo pacmaTaiaob, h 
oSpan^eHHOM'B k> «Bej[BKoaBaHi-iipaBBTej[a]rB, — saHH HapoAi yrtcHeH- 
oufi, saKOHH wb HH^TOHoocTB npHBeAeHEHo; HMiHie H SH8HB rpas- 

J^aHOKJK) BT> HenOAIHHHOCTH; rOpAOOTbD H iBeCTOEOCTbD JIHineHBHfl 

^f niH Hxi 60APOCTH H HUH 0B060AU rpaxA&HCKoft im^eTHHirB yqiisHB- 
meecfl h ^bmq oxBUiTie cm&iocth CTpaa^yn^eMy saiotiy npHHOCKTB».^ 
OrKasuBaflCB npHSHaTB BeuMoan BSBepraim orb npHpoAU, oht> xy- 
najn, iTo TOJfbW HenoHHiiaHie cBoero jsfisrh h oTpacTB «00AiJDiBa- 
M>rb H81 Baoi» He iDAoft, ho nisiHrB ^y^OBBmefty coBxaHHiix'L na 
^ec^acrie h Ha HorHfiejKB Banrnxii corpaxA&Hi*' Onpex&ieHHue &rrb 
BcnonHTeJumH aasonoBi, BeJiBMon, no ero cjioBaM'Ly hjih ooiaBBXH 
^Ty Hayxy saBOHOBi cBOHirb cespeTapflicB, use oyxHU npoHSBOJono, 
fie o6paniafl BEHMaaifl Ha aasoHH h Tin caMuirB noxHn^aa MOHap- 
myi) BJiacTb h paserpaiiBafl npaBHTeiBCTBO. CEopoerb oy^a Vb ero 
rjiasax'b ne oiysHiia mothbomt* ei orcryiueHlx) on saxoHHOft nousi, 
^ax'b xaxi TaxoS cy^B yse Heo6xoABMO A^^aioH HeoHpaBOAJiHBiai'b, 
^ TO B npHorpacTHHiTB, xaEi offb H Ha6j[i)Aajrb 8to na Aixb. He 
jforxa fiuTb MOTHBQirB E% noAoGnoiiy orcTynJieHiD h HeAocTaTOtraocTb 
cynieoTByE)niHrb saxonoBi au HaxasaHia npeoiynuHsa. «3aicoHU — 
paaiHCBflji nyfiiHi^HCTb — jifin Toro cooTaBJEeHu, hto ohh jHi^enpiHTiji 
HO HMinrb; npEcrpacrifl wb hhx'b nirb: a& oyAHTca xasxuft no sa- 
jEcoHaiTB, A& oTorynieHie leiOBtsa orb HSBtcTHHX'b eiiy npaBHjrb na- 
icaseTCff/a se noroHy, too eto BByniHJii yopaBJUuomeMy BeibMOsi 
o EOMii xyAo, HAH eiry ^to noxasaiocb. Ho bh sa cie roBopare, ^to 
xHTpocTb pasBpaTHuxi jODAeft eoTb TaEaa, ^no HKEaxie aaEOHu se 
HoryTb npeAynpeAHTb RVb EOBapcxBa x bjiootb x ^oto ohh, 3a ho- 
AocTaTsoiTb saEOEOBi, 6081 HaEasEHui ocTax)TCfl. Cero ocnopnrb xe 
MOXHO. Ho xe JiyqHie jib, eeix 6u eto Bxxxi.'n x K86iauurb xaxaaa- 
fiix, xesen, xorAa on xamero oaMoxorfcxix, yspesAOBix hjdi xyAoro 
Boaspixifl xexxxxbdl eto npeTepnxn x paopymxTex tesoxaoxocTb 
cpaxAaxcxax, saj^xnuieMafl saEOxaiix. Bh TOiXTecb xaxaaaTb Apy- 
Txxi sa npooTynoEii npoTXxy saEOxoBii xix aa xpeAxuft noAi 
HXKb noAfopi, xapymaa caxx oxue, x, cuTaa xxi Aoeroftxiuai 
xaEaaaxifl^ oaHK yse xcxo aiifimxifx xaxepraMXi paapymxrejuuix 
^asoKOBi B SAOAixMH, AooToSxuMx secTO^afimaTO ce6i xaEaaaxix, 
y^xxxerecb*. He xexte xeroAOxaxix oGxapysKsajTb owb^ roBopx o pft- 
inexix xMyn^ecTBexKHXi A^^n, ocxoBaxxoxi xe xa paafioiri^ AOxyMexroB'b 
M AoxaaaiejibCTB'b^ a xa npoxaBOJii cyAbx, lorx 6u Taxot xpoxaBon k«- 



•) P. CTap., 1871, m, 681—3. 



234 PFCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

xoAiuTB H81 flaHiy^niHX'b HairbpeHifi. XocTHrfljToe njnewh TaKoro npo- 
HSBOJia B03Bpan^eHie HecnpaBeAiHBo saxBa^eHHaro BMjii^ecTBa He y^OB- 
jieTBopflJio ero j^axe h bi toitb ciy^ai, KorAa hhofo nyrH Kb xa-^ 
KOMj BOSBpan^eflix) ho OKasiiBajcocB, b oh'b Jier^e conamajicji Tep**- 
niTB ^aoTHyD HecnpaBeAJEHBOcrb, ^itb HapymeHie npnii^Hna saKOH- 
HOCTH CO cTopoHu cj^bA h iipaBHTexefi. «EcjiH — pascysAan obx — 
I Tan Benpr ooKpuTBi hih Tasifl o6cTOflTeji[BCTBa npHBe^eHH, wto 
noxHTHTeJiL oeraHeTCfl BJBajrixejieH'L nozHmeHnaro, He Jiyqme ih^ 
iT06i rocyAapL hjeh HiKOTopue rpasxane on xhtpocth TaKoi npe- 
xepniJEH, HesejiH 6h BamHH'B CKoponocTHXHiiirB oyxAeHieM'B hoxbth- 
jiacB BJiacTb y rooyxapfli paspynmiHCb saKOHu h nornGjia 6u deso- 
sacHOOTB no;u(aHH£ix'L, a bu 6bi pasGoftHHRaMH y?HHHJiHOb?> Hapy- 
meHie Toro me ocHOBHoro npHHi^Hna yoHaTpsBajTB II](ep6aT0B7» h vu 
npoHSBOJBHooTH HaKasamH, najiraraeHiix'B cyxBaMH, HS^b soTopnx'B- 
OAHH ooji[a6j[fljiE CTporocTB sasoHa bt» nojLsy.flBHUx'B npeoryoHHROB^,. 
a Apyrie, He BHHsafl bi cMflrqann^ifl BHHy oGcTOflreJiBOTBa A^a, nar- 
xoAHiH Ge6t yAOBOJiBCTBie bi* yBeinqeHiH pasMtpoBx HaEaaaHia. H 
TO, H Apyroe npeACTaBJHJio ysypnai^iD saKOHOAaTejcbHoft BJiacTH, npH* 
HaAJiesamefi OAHOiiy Monapxy: wb ciyqai o6HapyseHifl HeyAo6cTBi' 
BT> caHOM'B saKOHi cji^AOBajito o6paTHTBCfl K'B Bucmefi BJiacTH cb npeA- 
oTaBJieHieiTB o&b ncnpaBJieHiH ero, a ho nooTynaxB Tan, KaKiBexB- 
HOSH,— «nponHcaB% saKonu B'b riynuxi Bamnx'B nHoafliflxi, a^^tb^ 
npon^eHie hih ycyry6juiTB caMyn crporoeTB saKOHOBii, hbjuh nepBun'b. 
cefiH HecmnnjieHUMH noxHTHrejuiMH BuniHefi BJiacTH, a BTopuMii — 
aiOAi^HH, npHJTHqHiftinHHH Curtb naia^aHH, neseiH upaBnrejuitfff 
rocyAapcTBa> *). G'b bthm'b jik)6oiihtho conooraBHTB oaho ^acTHoe 
yKaaaHie IS^epdaTOBa. FoBopfl vb ApyroirB irbcri o&b OTHlfffc CMepx" 
HOft KaBHH B% PoCCiH £j[H3aBeT0D, OET> ysadHBajTB, ^0 Ta|LaH oTirl- 
Ha ooraiacB bi oyn^HOCTH ^hkthbhoS, TaKi KaK'B Hasaaa- 
Hie SHyroifB ^aKTHnecKH qacro paBHAiooB CMepTHofi KasEH, h paa- 
hhi^ 6HJia TOJiBKo Vb TOiTB, ^TO €cyABfl, HOAnHcuBafl oupeAiieni^ 
yuHHTB TaKoe HaEaaaHie, o6HaHHBaeTB saKOHu, odHanuBaen ce6a 
H Vb caMOiTB ]s,i^i A^aoTCH cairB y6ifii^eD, riitb na^e HensBEHH- 
TeiBHiinmirB, ^o, bo sjio ynoTpe6juifl BiacTB^ AMHyn eHy saKOHaMH, 
B no HiKOHiTB yrosA^HiflicB Kb ABopy, cb aoBpeasAenieirB ooBtcTE^ 
BoeHapoAHO y6iScTBa ysHHaeTBi. BiicTynaa npHHi^nniaiBHUirB CTopoH- 

HHROITB CMepTHOft KaSHH, OBTB SanJ^HH^an eS BOBCTaHOBJieHie B'B 8aK0> 

HOAareiBCTBi HevAy npo^HiTB h t^mi cooepaseHieMi, ^to npH hoh^b. 
1CB8HB npecTyiiHHKa 6yAerB nooTaBJieHa vb saBHCHMocTB ne otb spo- 
iBBOia cyABH, a otb bojih saKona **). BceBOSMOSHBOi HapymeniH sa- 
losa, KOTopufl TaKi BOBMyn^aJiH ny62Hip[CTa, Boero ^an^e^ no ero 
yfiipeHin, npoHcxoAHJiH vb noiBsy OoraTfiix-b JiDAett, h oc oCohho ot- 



*) ^HiiCbMO Kh BexBMOxaiii-npaBKTejiAMi rocTAapcTsa**, P. CTapHHa, 1672^ 
Y, 2, 3, 5-7. 

**) nPagMunue^ia o cMepTHoft Kaam'i Co^i., I, 448—9. 



ABOPflHCKid n^BJH^RGTb BRATBPHHHHCKOft 8II0XK. 23S 

xymoHKOFB, wso saoraBJiflJio ero cmwrvtb coBpoMeHHiixx omj aAMH- 

HHCrpaTOpOBIb HJn «M8A0HlfI9U[H», HIKH KaCTOJDUKO € MaSOJHflUMB » , 

TTo ORE JSAKb 6si CTapaiHCb BiioTaBBTb oefifl Bi nasaxx Hapo^a bsa- 

TOlHHKaMH, He CjJIJ^E TaSOBHHH Vb /^fiCTBHTOJlBHOCTB. B'B UHOJCk 

nopoKOBi l^lIHHHCTpa^iH owb OTMi^an jifijibe h HeiioTHSirB npn sa- 
ntn^eHiH AOJiXHOcreft/ BOTopHfi TaxseseMaAO enocoCcTBOBai'B OTaro- 
TOfimo HapoAa *). HesaAOJiro ao OBoeft CMepTH, npeA^TBcrsya ys6> 
ea npidnxeHie h noABOxa HTora cBoeft nyGjiHi^cTHiecKoft Aiaxexb- 
HocTB, II][ep6aT0Bi> Ti se iiuojh o6% orcyroTBiH si coBpeiieHHoft 

eMJ pyCCKOft SH8HH HCTEHHOi SaKOHHOCTH, BHCKaSai'B B'B 6^6 fiOJlte^ 

mapoKoM a oope^bjieHBOft nocTaaoBKi. ynpaajieaie CBoeft anoxa ofb. 
aaBHBajTL s^iob «TaEBirL, Tjsjk xoTa eoiB nacaaaue saKoaii, ao ohbi 
Bjfacia rooyAapeaoft a cajii]^BeuMosi yoryaaDTb, r^i cocroaaie Kax- 
Aaro noAA&aaaro ocaoBiiBaerea ae aa saman^eaia saKoaoBi, ae otb^ 
eo6oTBeaaaro ero noaeAeaia, ao on* Maaoaeaia aaooraaro boibmosh> ''^*>. 
IIpaBOAa as'L aeAajtesaro npoauaro npauipH rafieia A^se o^eaL- 
cESbwarb jDDAeft, Kara Bojniaoaifl a aa. ^H. ^OJ[B^IlIa^, ocysAea- 
vxivb BoapeKa aasoaaMx, a yaasuBaa, ^to A^iace nopaAOK'b npecro- 
JEoaaoiiAiA ci Ilexpa oapeAiiuuGfl acKJuoqaTeiBao BOxen i^aporayD- 
niaro rocyAapa, oai pacoaai'B ne^aibayi) aapraay aooiiACXBifi Toa 
aeBaaqarejbaofi pojia, saaaa yAiJieaa 6cua saaoay ai ssasaa rocy- 
AapcTBa. cBosspaM'b — aacajrb oaii — aa caaoe couaeaie 8asoaoBi> a 
aa aaiosEeaie aaioroB'B: ae Bci Jia oaa ai Eadaaerb rooyAapeBOMi^ 
ao doumefi ^acia spfcnKO oxpaaaeMOMi otb npoaaqaaiA acraau m 
cBiA'i^aift OtAHocra aapoABOft, co^aaanTca a pacaoiaraDTca rocy- 
Aapeirb a fiiasaaaa ero coaiTaaxaMa, soropue ABopi ciBTanrb cbo- 
BMi oTe^ecTBOH'b? ynpaameau ai ABoposax'b npoacaaxi, airb ae- 
KOFAa a ae xoiarb ba aoraau, aa cocxoaaia aapoAaaro nosaaxb;. 
Kuoja, aaaaxii CAaauirb cBoaM'b jiDfio^ecTieM'b a caaojiDfiieirb, — ae^ 
ooTaBJUtDTb aa apeaeaa^ aa irbcTa aa rjiyfioaia pasMinnJieHia, a^ 
yBie<[eaH 6£ictpotok) a^i, — umb tokmo A'^KctByBTb TorAa, aaR-b 
pasMEimjuiTb aaA^exaxo; paBao iDtSoqecraaH, KaRi aecaiAyma hsl 
A'&Jia, TOJaKO j»)6oHecTaBU, koib ropAu. A aoA^ caaa^TO apaaaTe- 
juiia pocoificaift rp^MjijBiMEWh AOixeai Biaqaib xarocTb sasaa caoeS^ 
ae airhfl aa xBepAKXi aaKoaoai, aa saaDa^ax'b apaBaxejtefi^ aa apa- 
BaxejibcxBi, AOBOJEbBon cbjiod caa6seaaiixi; oa'b AOiSEea^ eseAHeaao* 
frpamaxbca aejibMoani; asaaab, lecxb, aalaie ero ae 6ojAe vb 6e3o- 
aacaocxa, aasi ojiaOaa lOAsa Gesi pyjui cpoAa cypoao aoiayDa^a- 
roca Mopa. Hioxb aa apaaajEa, aoeay 6ii aorb nooxbAoaaxb, aa npa- 
«raaan](a, Tpjb 6u apajrb oaoe oaaoeaie> ***). He 6oiie yAOBJiexaopaia. 
•ypoaaro apaiaxa a apo^aai^aibaaa* iw^Haaoxpai^ ero ^)eiiean 



. *) P. CTapraa, 1872, V, 8-9. 

**) ,OnpaB;iaHie MOHn loieieft ■ vaero <» iBAmoHeio ciriiiocTUO MBmro- 
jaBBturb clOB'b", BMMorp. 3anvcEK, 1860, J^ 13, 395-6. 

*♦*) Ta«:jt©, 396-7. 



:236 pyccjEEOB bofatctbo. 

iipeo6pa80BaHHafl EKaTepiHofl: BUurfcoTHHKH, Haaaa^eHHue ugto He^ 
jjiaqso, no npeHMyn^eoTBy ism bo6hhhx<b, ifaxo sHasoinix'B oi ipax- 
^aHOKBHH saKOHaMH H nopffj^iEaiiH, EOJiy^uH Bi CBoe paonopmeiiie, 
no ero otbhbj, ^esHipHjD BJiaoTB, Tim 6ojr6e, tto hmi 6uio npe- 
AOcraBJieHO y^aorie bi ptmenin yroJiOBHiix'b fffcn, a (SesaaKOHfliig 
M xvn^HH^eoKiA ETb ji^toTBui HaxoAUH ce6t noeTOflHHoe nociadioBie 
n ocTaBancb desHaRasaHBDEiini *). Cseprb loro, B'b npasTBKt saBO- 
HOj^aieiLCTBa, cj^a a aAiiVHHOTpanpiB Tor^aDiHet Poccia rphthb'b noA- 
^ffi^an erne Oj^sy otin^yx) h HecEicnaTH^HyK) eay ^epry, Bpe^HO or- 
pasaBmyDCfl, no ero MHiHin, na noioseniH ne toje&ko napo^ ho h 
-isaMoro npaBHTOAOTBa: «PoGcifl ne ako Apyrifl crpaHii, r^i npaBH- 
-reuoTBO xnurrcii o6flapyXHTb oboh onepai^iH nepeA> HapoAOMi, ho o 
^amixi Bon^ax'B, Kaoanniiicfl HenoopeACTBOHHO jsfi napoAa, vh co- 
BepmeHHott TdABi cie ooAepsvrB. ?to a roBopx) o napoA^? CaxKia 
'TaKOBHH A^a rjiBBHOMy npaBHTeiBOTBy neasBioTHBi, a SHaen tokmo 
ax-B TOTB, KOMy OHH nponopyieHH* **). 

HTaK'B, HeA00TaT0K% saROBHOom, vb bbji^ OTcyrcxBia aaoraxi 
^BasaHxi saROHOBi, BaMtaaeimrb HaoTHiiaa paonopaseaiaKH BjiaoTOv 
a aeyBaseaia kj* BaaoHaM'B oynteoTByD^aMi, — TaKOB'B raaBHsil bu- 
BOA%, A^aeMHft m^epOaTOBEDTb h8i ero aafiiDAeHift aaAi pyccKoft 
TOcyAapcTBeaaoi shsbbd, TasoBii, vb ero noaaHaaia) ocaoBaofi 
rpd^x'B BTofi sasaa, asi aoToparo BtireKajiB yxe a Bci ocraJDume. 
OTcyroTBie xaepAHx^ ocaoaaaifi bi BpaBaTeibCTBeaaofi A^areJiBaoeTa, 
rjiy6oBaa Tafiaa, xaxoft noRpuBajuicB acxoABHe MoaeaTU aroi Aba- 
'TeiBBOOTB BB FJiasaxB oOn^eoTBa a aapOAa, npajopBopaHe upOHCRa bb 
BHcmax'B npaBBTaiBGTBeHBuxB RpyraxB, npaBOAaamie kb apeMeanp- 
"^eoTBy, aaa^e roaopa, rb rocnoAcray oTAixBauxi Jiai^ aaAB Bciai 
-cooraBOHB ynpaajEeaia, npoHBBOJTB, paBBaBaamifica rbrb bb BUcmarBt 
TBRi a BB aasmaxi aAMaaaorpaTaBatixi c^epaxi, npoAasaooxB 
<;yAa a aAaaaaorpacqa, paasopeaie aapoAa, yraeraeaaro aenpaBOcy- 
AieiTb a jnixoaacTBOMi a OTflronxaeaaro aenocaiBauHB noAaTHaa, — 
soTB aaBfiojrfce o6niia o^epiaaia aaSpaoHBaeaoft ewl Rapiaau rocy- 
AapcTBeaaaro GiiTa Poooia B'B Ty enoxy; a, ae (»[0Tpa aa bod ryoroTy 
)RpacoRB, aaiaraeMuxB bhb aa cboh asodpaseaia, aexBsa ae npa- 
BaaTB, ^TO exa o6ma. oiepraaia cootBiTCTBOBaxa A^ttcTBaTeiBBOCTa 
a aaxanoB BipaHMB ea oTpaasealeHB. Baicrt cb tImb BOsaeAeaie 
Bcixi Biaxi lacramx aeAOcraTBOBB ynpaaxeaia rb OAaoay ofia^eay 
jioTo^aaay ae oocTaaiajio acxjnoiarejiBBoft aaoiyra II][ep6aT0Ba a ero 
yaasaaia aa oToyrcTBie an, no MOHBrnei icipi, aeAocTaionoe pas- 
Barie aaRoaaocTa bb sasan rocyAapciBa ae ociaaajiaoB coBopmeaao 
oAaaoRam roiocoHB. En^e. bb aauii i^apoTBOBaaia EaaTepaaH 



*) Taifse, 400 ~ 401; cp. ,0 BOBpeBAeaiH npMOB'b'', P. Cxep., 1871, 
III, 682-3. 

**) ^GocTOAHie PocoiK bi paacyigteHiH x^aerb h jmU9> sib Havaiib 1788 r.**, 
Oo^., I, 697. 



ABOPflHOKitt nyBJIHIlHCn BKATEPHHHHGKOft 8D0XH. 23? 

H. H. naHHVB, npoAiaraa eft nepeoosxaTB Bucmyi) aAKUHorpai^uo^ 
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^fWb noopoACTBO <66BrjiaoHiiX'b h HHsaRoro o6pa8a rocyxapoTBeHHai^ 
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t^^opnj H nopaxoiTb vb npaBflTeja»OTBi» % IIoaiiTU noAotiEara 
jTBepa^eEiE Cwol emfi AiiaeicH vb nepBiie foah EKaTepHEEScKaro 
npaBxeHifl, ho yse^ oneHb csopo oni 6iUE ocraBJiesH, e EeyAHBH- 
TOJOEO, ^0 rocyAapoTBeEEaa seshb uoKb sioKonso ESEisEBinfl'- 

MECfl $OpKaMH OOXpaEEJUk UpeaSEDD QBOD 6yia;E00TL. 

cXpaHEJEn^eiTB 8aK0S0B^» wb TorAanmeft Poccin o'mTaicfl Ce- 
EETB, Eo oH'b Eo 6urh E Eo MOFb fiscTb, Kast AOKasHBaTb II](ep6a- 
rovh^ xpaEErexeMi saKOHEOors vb rocyAapoTBi. CaKE coEaTopu 
XVni Bftsa npoEBJUus oiEOisoM'b iiajio EHtepeca h cnooo6HOOTE ki 
Taxoro poAa pojis, eo sxt uqEoe noBeAOEie, ETb cnpEcrpaciJE s 
nopo]ui» Ee Hc^epnuBaiE wb rjLasaxi Escaiejui o6xflCEeEiH A&HE&ro> 
EBzeEifl E Aftse ho eocraBXEiE oyn droro oSiaoEeHiE. IIo ero gao- 
BaM^, cne aobojibso oxyuTB coEaiopoBi sa oeho, vajifieaauLO 611 
npoHHKEyTB E EX'S Ea^aJio». Tasoe samo ejie npEVHy owb Eaxo- 
AEii Bi» ^pesMipEoft BJiaoTH reEepaxb-npOKypopQBi, soiopHe 00 spe- 
MOHE Ilerpa I <Ee npeoraBaiE BiacTB qbod EaAi* ceEaTOEi paonpo- 
crpasETb E ifOXEo oRasaTL, ^ro ECTpe6EiE jsjrb tbopaocte e ycep- 
AiE Bi ceEaTopax&». CenaxopH, ciymaBmie h pastiEpaBinie A^a. 
EGUDHHTexBEo QO onpeAiifleMofi resepai'L-nposypopoMi owpoAE, ho 
EEftBHiie EEKaEOft BJiacTE flaA'b xaEi^eispieft, ho Mormie 6evb pas- 
ptmeEifl reEopai'B-npoxypopa nepe^ETaib skjio Aftse bi CeEairb, se^ 
TOJDbKO B3flT& ero Kb ce6i sa.AOiTB, npEsyawesEue bi cjiry^ai 6aj[- 
JiOTspoBKE saKoro-EsfiyAB Bonpooa conimaTB yBin^anie h npoTSBEoe 
HaoTO saiuD^eEie reeepaii-npoKypopa, cb EanoMEEaEieirB yxasa, 
^To6u HeEie toiocob'b noAaBaxH, a orapaiECE 6h iiesAy ^^6& 00- 
rjiamaTBcai, Eaxosei^'b, vb cjiyiai pasEorjiaciE ei reHepajnrnpoxy- 
popoMi* osooEBmiecH cb BepxoBHOx) BJEaoTBX) TOJBKO TOpes'b ero se 
EoopeAGTBO, Taxie cenaTopH, no Msiflix) anropa, EeEsOiasEO yrpa^H- 
Bara isyamyx) dOApocxb, a'e rocyAapoTBeEEaro npaBJieEifl naAxesa- 
n(yD». lips noAo6EHX'b yoxoBiflxii «oeHaTopH noBpesKAaDTL CeHarb^ 
a CeEarb noBpeai^aeTL oeEaTopoB'b». ,0^ EcnpaBxeflifl aioro fleyAo6- 
Earo nopEAxa II(ep6aT0Bi> o^Eraxi EysEHirB yciasoBETB a^ paa- 
6opa A^bTB B'B eoEart onpeAiiOEsyx) o^epeAB, xoropaE Morjia 6u fla* 
pymaTbOfl toilko vb HOKJOD^HrejiBHBix'b ojiy^uuBDCB, saEOOEMiixi cb 
onpeAijieEieMi npH^niEi OAiiaEEaro orcrynjieEifl vb sypnan, npE- 
AaiB Kaa^OEy ooEaTopy no cexpeTapD e yqpeAETB xaxoft nopEAOxi, 
ito6h npE pasEoriaoiH oeEaTopoBii no xaxoiiy-xESo Bonpooy uwb cto- 

POEEEKOBI Kaa^arO ME^EiE Bu6EpajOCB no hIcKOIBKC ^OJlOVbKb JlfiA 

o6iflCEeEia ero rooyAapD '*^). Ha btex'b ^acTEKOTL ESM^fcEeBiflX'B vb. 



*) 06opHHK% PyccBaro HoTopHqecxaro <)<Sii^ecTBa, t. YII, 205, 206. 
**) ^GraTHeTHxa Vb paseyai^eBlH Poceix*, Gov., I, 564—670. 



238 P7CCK0E BOrATCTBO. 

oprasHdaqiH ceHaTopcKsro jd^onpoHSBOACTBa h6 ocraHaBUBaiHCB, ojsr 
HaKo, ero pe^opiraTopcKie niasii. Hczoaa En BucKaBaHHaro Esaie- 
PHHOD ffb HaKasi noiosemii, rto Ppodicjsas Hiinepifl npoAcxaB- 

JlflerB HBl Ce6fl lIOHapxiK), Vb EOTOpoft <HajpeSHTB HHtlB xpaHH- 

un^e saKOEOB^, h6o saKOHn wb nefi aojxhu xsepAo npefinBaTb noAi» 
tIhIx) jfOHapmeft BiacTH», ohi saRiD^an, ^to cnoHese MOHapx'B 

HiCTB BOTRHEHHEl, HO jnpaBHTeXB H nOKpOBHTeXB CBOOrO TOoyjiapcTBaf 
a nOTOHJ H AOJKSHO 6HTb HiEiHlTB OOHOBaTeJ[LH£IlCb HpaBaiTB, EOTO- 

p£ifl 6h He oricHaJiH Moryn^ecTso jfonapxa eo Bceiiy, noiesHOMy ro- 
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^OJiBmeft qacTH bo spe^i OMy caHOHy o6panKai)n(uiGfl». Bi pa^y 

^TETh OCHOBHNX'B SaEOHOB'b OB'b Ha nepBOH^b Mioil OTaBHJTB SaEOH'B 

upecTOJioHacji'i^AiH; jifiJL'be, txpaneHie Bjia;qiqecTBy»ii^ett Bi^pu h 
npe6£i6aHi6 rocyAapfl vb ohoJI h wb rpa»AaHCE2XT> daRonax'B aojihho 
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nojiarajTB ohi HasHa^HTB npexinj AonycEaeHoi bb rooyAapcTBt Bt- 
poTepHHMocTH. cIIpaBa HSAaBifl saEonoBi, pasEHncB najioroBrb Ha hi^ 
,po;rB, nepoA'i^JiiaHifl hohotu — bohie, eotophh no HenocroflHOTBy Bemeft 
^eioBt^ecEHX'B EEorxa npeniEflDTOE, to, no KpafiHeft Htpi, nopfl^OR'B 
upoESBeAeEifl oero vb A'i^ftcTBO na Henosoie6HMUx'b ocHOBaEiExi ;ioi- 
aReHi» 6htl yTBepsAeffL, paBHUM'b o6pa30Hi cy^'B h npaBO ce6fl sar 
c^HH^aTB H coBiTy AJtfl pa^E ocysBAaeMux'B iioAeft no yroiOBEHirB a'^- 
MWb cnpamEBaTB, e npaBO, soHy yTBeps^axB cis ocysA^EiE; EaRO- 
Een;B^ npaBO EHeBOBaflifl ABopflHcsaro no RTb pasHUH'B CTeneEEM'B 
HeHapymHMO b-b MOHapms^ecBOM'B npaBJieElE nooTaBJieEo 6ii1tb ^ojubeo*. 
-CBopxi) Bcero btofo neofixoi^HMO 6ujio 6k oo^Jlfi,Tb yqpesAOEie, eoto- 
poe Ea6jii)Aaj[0 6u sa coxpaHeHieHi Bcixi btaxi BaROEOBi, e Ta- 
eehb y^pesA^HieH'B mofb 6ii CAiiaTBOH CoEarB no^i ycjiOBieMi ojir 
HaEO, €He TOEMO cEa6ABTB ero aobojibbo ooEOBaxejiBEiiHE rooyAap- 
CTBeEsuMfl npasaME o ero Moryn^eoTB'b, eo TBRxe e EanoiHHTB ero 

TaREME JODABME B^B CEJiy SO OCEOBaTOJIBBUX'B UpaBIb, ^TOGl OJCb HO- 

pyqesEiift eMy saiorB m> cEJiaxii 6ujl% ooxpaEflTB» *). Bi erofl npo- 
rpaHMi npeofipasoBaBifi Cesary EaMinajiacB TasEirB o6pa80M'B pojcB 
Toro coBixa EHeEErifimHX'B idaoS, EOTopB[fl, saE'B mu beaIjie pasie, 
m> npeACTBBJieEiE aBTopa cociaeJiflJi'B oaee'b h3i» Eeo6xoAEMiiX'B npE- 
BEaEOBi MOEapxiE. Cepi>e3Earo BEEMasiE saciysEBaerB en^e OABa 
^acTB AasEOfi nporpaMMu, eo AociaTO^Eo egeo BupaseEEafl vb npn- 
•BeAessoifB H'bcTi, EMeEHo Ta^ Bi EOTopoft roBopETGfl cyA^ no yro- 

JIOBEUITB A'i^^aU'B. Ha APyrEXTi CTpaHEI][aX'B TOFO se CO^EEOEiE, EB'B 
SOTOparO SaEMCTBOBaEU BTE CXpOEE, II]|ep6aT0B'B paSlECEaJTB, ^TO OB'B 
EMijTB Vb BEAy AOOTaBlOEie BOSHOmEOCTH nOACyAEMUMl Vb yrOJ[OB< 

Huxi npon.eccax'B o6panKaTBoa ei noMonui caeiiiaiBEaro san^HT- 
EEEa— ccTpanqaro eie coBiTEflEa», — EaR^B bto npaETEROBaiocB b'b. 
rpasAaECEEX'B ECRaxi^ e apryHOETEpoBaJii'B cBoe HEtaie EioEOiBREME 



*) nPasMuiiuieHifl o saROHOAaTOJiLCTBd^ Boo6me", Taiise, 390—2. 



ABOFflHCKlfi nyaiHIUICT'B EKATEPHHUHCKOft dUOXH. 239 

^tno nsjios^HEHMH, HO cep£68HUUH no cymeoTBj coo6paseHiflHH *}; 
Bi 0BA3H oi vawb OHi BHCTaBJUiJii» eme ABa seJiaHifl, KJiouBniiflca 
Bi oxpani jiHnoft 6e8onaoHocTH rpas^aHi, njieHHO, ^toCu npe^Ba- 
pHTeiLHufi apecTK pasimaicfl no cbohitb yoiOBiflirb otb TDpeMHaro 
^aRJiD^eHifl no npnroBopy cy^a h ^to6u bqsbM odsHHAemiS mofl, 
flipeACTaBHBii nopy^HTOJieft 8a oe6fl, ocBo6o;(HT&cfl otb Tasoro apecia, 
npH^eiii no2B8a aroro nocjrbxHflro nopfl^Ka AOEasunajiacB ne coBciirb 
TO^Hoft cciuROft Ha aHrjiiflcKift Habeas Corpus Act **). 

TaKHM'B o6pa30M'B, saRB EpHTHsa ocHOBHiixi> flBJioHifi pycoKoi ro- 
'cyAapoTBOHHofi xhshh, TaK^ h nojiiosHTOJiLHiia Tpe6oBaHifl, npoA'BflB- 
juiBmiflCfl Ki aroJl xhshh II];ep6aT0BuirB^ ctohjib bb cxporoHi co- 

OTBiTCTBiH CT> tIhH TOOpeTH^eCEHMH BOBSpfLHlHMH OFO Hd FOCyAapOTBO, 

€1 KoTopuMH MU nosHaKOMHJSHCB paHto. BuTeEaBmafl OTCDffa nporpanva 
npeoGpasoBaHiS jijujieKO Hd BaEjno^ajia bi ce6i KaKHX'B-jra6o ^pesHipno 
paAHRajEbHux'B Tpe6oBaHi&, ho BMfecrt (TB TftiTB BB BTOiTB o6n^eHi> ea 
mi^i Tpy^Ho 6firjQ[0 6ii nassaTB ee h nporpaMHott KOHcepsaTHBHOft. Cy- 
H^ecTBOBanie bb rocy^apcTBi ochobhuxb saRonoBB h oco6aro y^pes- 
Aenifl, npHSBaHHaro o6eperaTB hxb HeHapyniHMOCTB, nocTpoenie ynpaB- 
jieniH Ha na^aiax^b saEOHHOcTH h rjiacHOciH, oxpana JomsoA h BMy- 
mecTBeHHofi fiesonacHOCTH rpaxAan'B otb npoHSBOia aAMnHHorpai^E e 
cy^a, — Bcb 8TH Tpe6oBaHiH, npeA'BSBJifleiiuH bb TorAamneft Pocoin, 
^Eop'te Bcero mofjih 6u 6utb noABeAeHu noAB noHHTie yiiipeHHaro 
jiiH6epajiH3Ha, cBHAiiejiBOTByfl o coBepmHBmeMCfl noABeiri^ o6n;ecTBeH- 
naro npaB0C03HaHifl. IIpH pa36opi ofin^HXib bsfjuiaobb IQ^epGaTOBa uh 
msiiLE yse oAHaso cjiy^afi saiiiTHTB, ^TO«ero Bosspinifl na co6oTBeHHo 
TocyAapoTBBHHyD opraHH3ai(iD, bb ysEOHB (»nicjsi 8Toro ciOBa, na- 
TOAflTB ce6i HOMajioBaxHUfl nonpaBEH h AonojiHeniH, nopon Hsicb- 
HHDniifl caHufi hx^b chbicii, bb ero noHaiinxB o poAH, saEyio 
AOJSHEt HrpaiB BT) rocyAapoTBi OTA^JiBHUfl oOmecTBeHHUH rpyntiE7, 

€b 60JIBniHMB BipOHTieiTB MH HOSeMrb OXHAaXB nOBTOpeHlH TOrO 7RG 

Hanaro $aETa h npn npHHtneHiH hitb bthxb odn^HXii BsrjuiAOB'B ei 
ycjiOBiBMi poAHoro 6uTa. Bi* BHAy btofo mu, ho j^ixBa nosa HHKasoro 
pinuTeAHaro sasjoDqeHifl o npHBeAOHHofi nporpaMiii, o6paTHMCH eme 



*) ^PasiihiniJieHifl o 8aR0H0AaTejn»cTB% Boo6n^6^: nBi* Majiofl iinH eejiHKOft 
uen^R Huteifl Hamero HM^eirb mu npH6^kBH]i^e K'b coB'^^Ty cTpairaHxi; ho Kavb 
•cEopo Kacaercfl ao Rameft srbhh ijui vecTH, ryvh bi* poGocrs, bi cvyo^eHiH 
H vh TpenerJb xyxft> iHmeBHue coB^Ty h noMOii^i, caMH xoxshbi oxBl^qaTB h 
HCRaTb ce6i ovpaBAftHiA. He iiorjio 6u OTb cero (t. e. otb npasa oGpan^aTBCii 
K'B ssn^THHKaM'B) HHsaKoro 8JIS npOHBOfiTHTb, h6o nycTB 6k OTii cero h^roto- 
pue BRHHue BaniiR cjiyqaft onpaBAaTbCR, ho ne ay^nne jir enacTR exRHaro ne- 
BRHHaro, HesejiR cto brhobhuxi noryGRTb". Coii., I, 417 — 18; cp. aHaiorRVHoe 
npeAXoaseHie II(ep6aT0Ba bi* Ek. KomhrccIh, Tavse, 20. 

**) „roBops coxepsaRiR noAB cTpaseft, ne Mory a yMOJivaTB o araRH- 
cRoii'B yaaROHeRiR, ta^eac» nopnyci HaauBaeMORi, uo RoeMy RaiRAuft, bi Ra- 
ROMi 6u yrojOBHOMi* A^i He Gun o6BRBfleM%, RMterb npaso, cucRaB'B no 
ce6i nopyqRTeieft, otb coKepsaHia noA% crpaseft nafi^hsaTb r nojosoBaTBCR 
«Bo6oAOH>. ^erosB 6u paAR cero y nacb He y^eARTB?", TaMse, 418. 



240 P7GCK0K BOriTCTBO. 

Ki pasoMorpiHiu bsfjuiaobi I0[ep6aT0Ba Ha ooBpeiieinnui exj pyc- 
cm cocjiOBifl, £OTopoe jsfixsEo dyxerB AOCTaBHTB aam MaTepiarB ajis 
6ojAe TOYHOfi oi^HKH npoesTHpoBaBineficfl oyfijiHi^HCToirb nepeorpoflEv 
rocyAapcTBeHHaro SAaHiii. 

nepBoe Micro vb psijij cocjiOBHUxt rpynirB Poccm saHHiiaio abo- 
pflHCTBO, KOTopoMy I0[ep(SaTOB% H yA^mii HaH6oj[ie BHHMaHifl bi. 
CBOHX'B ny6iHqECTH^6CSKZ'B npoHSBexBHiflrb. HcxoAHuirb nyEKTOHi*. 
AJifl nero h bi oroft, oco6eHHo 6iH3Roft ero oepAi^ otiJiacTH, Aft^eso 
H6 cjiysua 6e8ycJiOBHas san^Hra xo-neTpoBCKOft crapHSH, h, xota owh 
vb CBoeiTB crpeiueHiH o6ocHOBaT& npaBa h npHTflsaHifl cooioBifl h 
o6paiaaicfl sa apryMeinaicH Wb HcropiK, flo noci^AHflfl b-b vaxb ao- 
sadaTCiBCTBaxi Hrpaia ^hcto cjiyse6Hyi) poiB. X^^ ^^ Towb, ?to 
ero o6iitafl Tona aptEia aa abopahctbo, saK'b Ha cocioBie, Koropoo^ 
ton HecTH npoHCxoAHTL H ^ecTBD coAepsETCfl», no^epaaa cboh 
npaBa Ha HCKW^HTexBHoe HOJioseme bi BOcnHTaHHOirB vh neifB Bt- 
KaHH €6iaropoACTBi», jihiiib cb BocBiia tfonmHira h cepBesHUHH na- 
THSKaHH iforia 6BrrB npHirbHeHa si HCTopin 6iaropoAHaro pocciH- 
CKaro nuflxeTCTBa. J^u ^ejiOBisa, y6&KA6EEaro hih crapaBinarooa 
y6iifl,wTb APjrHXib vb npc^cxosAOHlH cooioBiii orB fijiaroAiieieft hcjio- 
BiqeoTBa, iiaio npiaxHaro npeACTasjuiJUi BOonoMHHaHiH o hookob- 
CKOITB nepiOAt, KorAa <rpy6Hi HapoAi», Birbcro Toro, Tro6u cqaraxB- 
noTOMKOFB BTHX'B CiaroAtieiefi ccbihobbhiih doroBi*, sasB noJiara- 
jiocB eiiy no odn^eft HcropHqecKolt cxeiii BejcbMoasHaro nydm^Hcra^ 

ypaBHHBaJTB HXI cb CO6OD BO BCeiTB, BSJIlDqHTeJlBHO AO fiHTBfl 6aT0- 

raMH H ApyrHTB nosopHHXi HaKasaHifl. EASHCTBeHHiift cBoeoGpasHiift 
HHCTHTyn crapoft Mocrbu, sasuo^aBmitt vb ce6i H^xoTopoe npa* 
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rocyAapcTBOHHEKa XYIU cTOiixia aojisohb 6£LrB epohsboabtb bho- 
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KOBCRoe 6oflpcTBo OTTajKEBaio ero otb ce6E cboehi^ pa6ojiECTBOH'Bv 
yaopsmrBKOEcepBaxEBHOirB e scBisecTBoirB *). Ilpfl TaxExii yoioBinxx. 

y EerO BI Cyn^EOCTE EO 6iU0 EpoqEUX'B E EOXpeEEHX'B CEHEaTift Kl 

HooKOBCEott crapEEl, oKOE^aTeJEBHo noxopoHeHEofi nerpoHi. nuTaflcs 
Tiwb Ee MeEie wb corjiaoiE cb cBoefi oSn^eft towoS sp^EiE ooEOBaTB^ 
npaBa coBpeneEEaro eny Bucmaro xiaooa na saoxyraxi ero npeA- 
£0B%, oEi paAE BToi qbiE couxajicfl Ea ECTopix) pyccKaro cxysEJcara 
uacca, so sacToiBso npeodpasarB ee, ^ito OEa npioGpiiaia xajio eft 

CB0ftCTB6EEUfl, ^TO&b EO CRaSaTB, ^aSTaCTEVeCRifl HepTSL ECJIE B^pETB. 

ero EeoAEOxpaTEUHi yTBepsAOEiflHi, <bi cosEAaEiE PocdE ocEOBa- 
Eie^ ^acTE E noAQopH ea Cum AP^BEie pocoificRie ABopflEe>, npn- 

^eVB 8TOTB RiaCCB COCTaBEJCE ECRJUO^ETeiBEO ESI PX)pER0Bfl96ft^ 



*) Co^niHeBiji, I, 61; n^A^CMOTptaie noposaxi h oaMoexacriH Ileipa 
B.", Eh62. 3an., 1859, J^ 12, c. 359. Pe(i>opMa Uerpa, no b8FUIA7 ny6j[S^BCTa^ 
epaBBflBi Ba 00726^ rocyxapcTBy xo^ona cb ero rocnoAHBOMi*, OBOEiaTenHO 
MBCTpeGHJia MHc^iB GjiaropoABOft ropxocTB trh ABOpABixi^, „0 nOBpesACHin 
HpaeoB-B", P. CTap., 1870, n, 35-6. 



XBOPflfiCKlft mBlEUKTb EKATBPHHHHCROtt dOOXH. 241 

reAHMHHOBEiei, TaTspoKHXi i^apeBHqeft h sHAsei a Apyrsxi* Birtxas- 

VlETb Vb MOCKBy HHOGipaHHUXl cSHaXHHX'B 0C06'B» *). TaKKXl 

^asrax'b, Kan Beporame bi vbcio cijXHJnix'L iD^ei Kpeorumi h 
Aase xoionoBi^ nHcaTen OiaropasjMHo yiiaJi^iHBan, a Kor^a vb Esa- 

TepHHEHOSOfi KOHKHCCiH OXHH^ H81> JSfiUjrBkTOJFb HanOMHHJTb npoHC- 

xosABHiH ABOpflHGTBa OTb caMHXb HesHaTHHX'b $ainuifi, KH. n^ep- 
6aT0Bi, <ci £palHHicT», no oiOBani AHeBHoft sanHOBH Kommhccui, abh- 
xemewb X7^xa>, jAHBiuea, <hto oHOft rocnoAH:H'b AonyrarB noxJranrB 
Hauiomb ;q^6BH]a pocdioKui ^aiuuiH nopHi^ierb, Tor^a, sorxa He 
TOKMO OAm Poccia, no Boa BceieHHaa cBHAiTejieirb npoTHBHOHy mo- 
xffTb ChOby **). dra^To apbbhogib poaocjiobhhx'b, saoBHAiiejiBGTBO- 
BaHHaa qiioft BceMHEoK, b BoeHHHfl sacjiyni, oKaaaHHUfl ABopaHam 
Fb xa^ecTBi paAOBHTB ooixaTB H npeABOAHTejiet apMifi, h ciysHJui 
Ttn, npaBAj oxasaTL, aoboibho mwnLBWb^ HOTopH^eoBHirB ooHOBaHieii'B, 
H8X KOToparo BUBOAHiHCB nHoaTOJieM'B npaBa oociOBia bi Hacioaii^eirb. 
BnepBHe nepe^esB sthxi npas'B h Bui!esai)ii^HX!b H8'b hhx'b xpe- 
(SoBaHift 6UXK cxbiaflnb II(ep6aT0BiurB B-b saiecTBt A^eni KoMMHCciH 
Au cooraBJieHia HOBaro yjioseHifl, cnepBa jips co^JoieHm ABopm- 
cKHxi HasaBOBi Bi> MocKBi E flpoGiaBjrt, sarbwb vb oaifofi KomhocIh 
nyieirB noAaqH wcthux'b MfiiHift. FpynnHpyfl BMlort Bci 8th iifliHiii, 
joi noiy^aeiTB u^bEjv) h mapoKo EocraBJieHHyD nporpamiy ABopflH- 
CKHX'B HHTepeooBi, rjiy6oKo saxBaTUBanmyi) sh8hb oocjiOBia h nepe- 
cTpaHBaDmyD ee Ha Ha^aiax'B^ secuia a^okhxi otl Tfaxi, Kasia 
6iUH 8aios6E£i npeAmecTBOBaBmeit ero BcropieS. Hcxoas h8i cBoeft 

OCHOBSOS JOICIH ABOpflHCSOft oeMBi, BaKl npOHHXHyTOft 00060K) 

Ao6poAiTej[Bi), II](6p6aT0Bi BnoJini nociiAOBaTexBHo seian, €Aa6fii 
ABopflHCKoe AOCTOHHOTBO ynoAiOHO HO 6£uo>, saKpuTB Aocryoi Kl 
Heiiy flflSi uoHOBi APyi'BrB oooiOBifi 'iepe8'B oiyxfiy, ysaKOHOHHui 
neipoBOSHirb yKasoirb 1721 r. h Ta6ejnuD p panraxi; noxesHue h 
Aase EeofixoAHMBie vb oBoe Bpeioi, bte saKOHii, no ero MHisiD, yxe 
nepeauuH sysAy bi hexi h sa fiyAyn^ee BpeME tojibeo Mosapxii 
AoxseE%6iU'bcoxpaHETBnpaBono3Baj[OBaEiii bi abopehctbo ***). OiAi- 
lessoMj TaKEiTb ofipasoirb on ocraiBHUx'B xjiaccoBi otin^eoTBa eo- 
cioBiD 0Ei> npeAnojnran ^aeiBD noATBepAETB, uotbd bhobb A^^po- 
Baxb pjiAB BaxHUX'B jonauvb, mujmfivrB&Ewsa.'b h sopnopaiEBEux'B 
npaBi E npEBHieilft. Bspasaa yAOBOAOTBie no noBOAy xoro, ^to 
no npaBHxaiTB noxKOBHE^DbeS EEcipyKpiH ABopane-pnAOBiie eiAih 
npE npoE8BOACTBi vb o^EiiepBi npeniiyn^eGTBo nepoA^Ee-ABOpEEaiffli 
0Ei> sexaJTb BM/bciA vb itMi b bi HaiaraeioiX'L cyAOM'B yrojioBEHXi 
EaKaBaHiflX'B ycraHOBETb pasuHie MexAy ABopaHaHE e npocruEiDc 
xDAbME, ?To6u nepBHe orB ESumEefl crporociE cne mofie mniETBoa 
SHaiEHXi joioieS^ KOTopiia qpesi Aoiroe Bpeiai poAETeiE vb hexx 



*) CovmeHiji, I, 221; cp. Taiise, 269—74. 
•♦) TiMae, 86-8. 
♦♦♦) TaMae, 12-15; 56-60. 
Jt 1. onis% I. 16 



242 PyCCROE BOrATCTBO. 

TioEiHCL BiosHTB>. ToHso Tasse owb BuoRasiiBaji'B sejiaHie, hto6u 
ABopflHe Be 6hULE noABepraeMU nuTsft SHa^e, Kasi Qocjii nmeHifl 
j^BopaHcsaro SBaaifl, a bti Apyroft pasi npej^nraJTB eoudtotb Hai 
ABopflHGTBa TOJLhKo sa TaRifl npecTjnieHifl, Koropiui, no ero MHtmi), 
AOJisHu KapaTBOfl h oHeprHOD KasHBD, T. 6. sa H^iftsy, 6ysrB, saMEi- 
cejii npoTBB'b rocjAapA, OGKop6ieHie BenqecTfia, y6iftcTB0, pa86oft, 
noAJKon* AOKyveHTOBi h Topn npaBocyAieirb *). Bojita BHHMaHifl 
nocBflmeBo Obuto n^epeaTOBciirb nepe^HcieHii) h san^HTi npaBi co- 
cjnoBiii B-b ofijaoTH HMymecTBefiHUX'B oTHomeHiS. IlepBoe Micro Vb 
paAy BTHxi npaB'b bi ero npexcraBJieHiH saHiMajio HounqHTejiBHoe 
BJia^i^Hie naceJieHHEniE AepesHflMA, HHaqe roBopa, KpinocTHUMH 
icpecTUiHaMH, CO CTopoHU ABopflE'B, <flEo 6ojiie B&hTh poawenieiTb 
cB0HHt> H BOcnHTasieHTi npHCToMEKXi BiaA^Tb APF^ira nOAXaHSUMH 
Efl H. B-Ba». HcKiDUTexbHoe noj[B30BaHie KptnocTHHiTB Tpy^oirb 
npex^e Bcero oojesHo A^iflcaiioro XBopflHOTBa **), a «noiHTHqecKoe 
noJioseHie PoocIh Tpe6yeirB, ^toGu ABopflHCKifi Kopnycib xoTa ho bi 
Kpa&HOH'B OoraTCTsi, ho, ho spaftaeft utpt, vb AOBoiBCTfit cOAepsaTB», 
wvh KaRx ABopflHe rjiaBHue cjiyrn rocyxapcTBa h hxi cJitAyerB 
«o6fl3aTb H co6cTBeHHuirb HHTepeoorb Ki b^^phocth eMy>. HapsAy 
ci 8THifH apryMeHTaMH ohi BuoTasiflji'B h Apyrie, aaKJiDqaBmieca wh 
yKaaaBiH Ha TflsecTB nojioseHifl specTKHH'b hoai* BJnacTBi) $a6pBRaH- 
TOBi H vh onaceEiHXi, qro Ryiiii;u, BJiaA^fl AopeBHfliiH, 8a6pooflrB 
ToproBJiK) H npoMuniJieHHocTB ***). ^arte, hs'l HpaBa ABOpaffB Ha Bjra- 
AlHie AepoBHHMH I^epfiaTOB'b buboahji'L h HlKOTopEifl APyriH npaBa: 
BHAH occCyx) HHJiocTb ERaTopHHu Vb ooATBepsACHiH novbniHKairB 
npasa BHHORypeHifl, ohi HaxoAHn, ^to TaRaa MHJiocTb <He otb qero 
HHaro Haqajio cBoe HuterB, RaEi otb Toro, qro bhho hsi npoAyR- 
TOWb seiiuH, KOTopoft eAHHuo ABopflHe BJiaAtrejiH, chahtchi, h npo- 
AOJKsajx: «no TOMy se pesony mhbtch, qxo h 4^a6pHRH, coqHHflnniiflCfl 

H30 XBHy H H81 nOHBRH H HS'L npoqnX'B 3eMJIflHHX1> H DROHOMHqO- 

oRflX'b npoHspan^eHiS, paBHUirB se o6pa30Mi ABopflBaHi aojltrru 
npHHaAJsesaTb»; sa Eyni^aMH se ovb corjiamaicH ocTaBHTB hoaoChuh 
$a6pHRH, saBOAeHHUfl hhh panie, jibhib hoa'b ycJiOBievi oco6aro HJia- 
Tesa Vb nojibsy «Ropayca ABopflHCTBa>. Ha cbobxi $a6pBRaxi abo- 
pflHe, HO ero cjioBaHi., <ooAepsarB b-b fieanpecTaHHOMi TpyA0Jix)6iH 
CBOHX'B KpecTBHH'B^ KOTopue, HOJoiyqaH orb rocaoA'B cbohx-b AOBOUHyio 
njiBTy, H pBoe co6cTBeHHoe 6jiiarococTOHHie bi npH6uTsi CBoero roono- 
AHHa HaxoAaTi*. SioynoTpeSjueHia bi bha^ qpesiiipHaro noHnsenifl 



♦) TaMKe, 18—19; cp. 82-3. 

*'^) HaHBHaa apryiieBTa^iii 8Toro nyHRTa sacjiysHBaerB, Kasercfl, BOcnpOHa- 
BeAeeiii: €ue mhk>, roBoparii ZX^epGaTOBi, vtoOh rto ubt* BJiaA^bi^OBi A^pe- 
BCHB mhI^ ocM'bJiHJicfl OTB^TCTBOBaTB, qTo6u BAaAtsie xepoBeHL eify He noaesHO 
Cujio. H ROJiL Bcb o6ii^e conamaiOTcfl, ?to Bfla^tHie ^ep^BeHb nojiesBO RasAOity 
oco6o,... cji^ACTBeHHO, H BcoMy Ropnycy oho ABOpaHCROMy nojesHO*. Co*i,, I, 
172 3. 
***) TaMae. 15, 157—174. 



ABOPflHCElft n/BJinipECTB BKlTBPHHHEGKOft anOXH. 243 

tiJiH noJHaro OToytoTBifl sapatioTsoft niaTsi HeBosMosHu, TaKi RaK'E 

TOJILKO C060TBeEHHft HHTOpeCB MOSOTB no6yAHTB $a6pHqHarO XX xo- 

pomeft patfoTft, a npn nioxoirb HcnojHeHiH pa6oTH ({)a6pHKaHTi» le- 
paeTB o^eHB mhofo *). He^ero h roBopHTB, qro BTa HAHJUHiecsafl 
KapTHHa noMi^ii^tiqBEX'& $a6pHK% ^aielu) orcTOfljra on cypoBOft a^- 
<rrBHTejiBH00TH. KpoM'b Toro^ II](ep6aT0B'B CHHiajfL Heo6xoAHMuni'B 
AonycTiiTb ABopflFB Ki yqacTin bi xjiMhoS ToproBjrfi, AOSBOjinBi 
HHi o^^HiTB sasynKy xj[i6a Ha specTBflHCKHX'B ^^Bopaxi, h flfljusau- 
BajcB, Bi BHAy naocflBHocTH pyccELaro Ryne^ecTBa, noAB3y orb ao- 
nyn^emfl XBopflHi kx sarpaHB^HOfi ToproBii, <gi» sanxaTOi) HiKoeft 
cymiu Ea syaeHecTBo **)\ HasoHOi^'B owb npeA^arajTB oiAaBarb na 
oTBynt BJiajiizBi^airB A^peBeHB Hifinnnieofl vb nocjtkfijLHTb nHTeiHue 
AOMa, AonycKafl Ki TasHiTB OTRyQairb Kym^oBi tojibro vl cjry^ai 
OTKasa 00 cTopoHu BJiaAtiBi^eBX ***). KopnopaTHBHiia npaBa cocioBiff, 

KaXl» WTh nOHHMaJTB ]I](6p6aT0Bl Vh 8T0 BpeHfl, He HUH 0006eHHO 

Aaxeso. Owh npooKTHpoBaji'B ycrpoHTb b'B KasAoirb yisA^ ^J^e npo- 
BEHi(iH exeroAEoe ABopjiECKoe coCpaHie, soTopoe Bu6Hpaj[0 6u C66i 
npeABOAHTeifl e saEHMaJiooB 6u pasGopoirb h noBtpEoft npaBi ota^u- 
fiuxi ^JieHOB'B cocjKOfiiE. SartHi, Bi BEAaxi ycTpaHeHiE eb'b cyA66- 
TLuvh ificTB Maccu MBjiRHX'B jifkn, owh npeAQoiaraii yqpBAHTB B'B 
sasAOE'B craHy ocoOyi) aohshoctb ROHHsecapa, eseroAHO BB[6Epae* 
Haro MtcTHUMH ABopflHaMH ESI CBoofi cpoAU, BiA&x>n^&ro MOJiRifl cy- 
Ae6HHE, aAHEHEOTpaTHBHiifl fl DOJEEiefiCRifl js,iji9k fl HOAoyAHaTo no 

CBOeft AOISHOCTE TOIBRO ABOpflHCROMy GOfipaHll) ****). 

TaROBa 6£ijiia nepBOEa^ajiBsafl nporpaMHa, cb ROTopoD BUOTynHTB 
II](ep6aT0Bi» B'B Boupoci o&b OTHomeHiflXTi ABopaHOTBa ri rocyAapctBy 
H Ri ApyrEMi cOGjKOBiEM'B EpE Ea'iajii CBOoft o6niecTBesEolt E EECa- 

TeiBCROi A'bflTejIBBOOTE. n03AHi^e OEl EOOAHORpaTEO BOSBpan^aiGfl Rl 

8T0iiy Bonpocy no pasiEUHirB ojiyqaflM'B, AonojiSflK e pasBEBaa cboe 
HacTSfiifl nojiosoEui. He cjrbAfl sa BciME TaREVE MejacflME AonojiHe- 

fiiaME, MH npflMO OOpaTEMCfl Rl erO Rp&TBRi ERaTopEEHECRaro saRO- 
EOAaTOJiBCTBa ABopflEOTBft. SB^osaEEafl rpaMOTa 1785 r., RaRX 
e3b1otso, nomia Ea-Borpi^iy MEorEirB sejiaEianx cooioBifl, BHCRasaR- 
suiTB Bi KoMifflCciE AJ^A cocTafiJieBia EOBaro yiosesifl, e, no Rpatt- 

Hefl H^pi, Bl HiROTOpHXX EyERTaXX yAOBJIOTBOpEJia 8TH SeAaHUE 

j^ase B'B CdJiBmexi pasMlpaxi), eosojie TpefioBaii Toro, noBEAHMOHy, 
caEi I0[ep6aTOB'B. Tiwb He MOEie nocjiiAHifi ne npECoeAHSEJi'B cBoero 
ro^oca R'B MsoroqEoieEEOvy xopy boctopsoheux'b XBaiBTOJueft abo- 
paacRoft rpaMOTU, e, Hao6opoTB, B'B ooo6oirBCBoeirBnpoH3BeAeHiH *****) 
nocBan^eHHOH'B pasGopy 8Toro saROflOAaTejiBsaro anra, sucrynEii ex 



•) TaM«e. 17, 93-8, 101-3. 
**) TaM«e, 17-18, 204-8. 
***j TaMae, 21. 

****) TaMA-e, 15, 69, 22—4, 208-13. 
*****) nllpBKd^Qaeifl B^bpearo cHHa oTe^ecTBa Ha ABopflHCRia npaBa sa MaHi- 
^ecrb", Co«., I. 

16* 



244 PFOC&OB BOrAXCTBO. 

pissoft ero ephtakoA, nepexoAsniett btb npaicoe ooysAOHie. 3a Bpemi, 
npomeAined ci 1767 r. no 1785 r., oocjiobehji npHTflsaHk II(ep6a- 

TOBa He TOUBO yKpinUHGL, HO H SHaUieiBHO BUpOQIH Bl oBoem 

o6i»eHi, paBHO saKi> ynopeHHAOCb e pasBHJooB vb neirb sa arorB 

nepioA'B KpHTHqecKoe oTHomenie jsi> xJ^flrasBHOOTH EKaTepHHHHoiuux) 

npaBHTeJOOTBa; HaKOHei^, Ha pisKift tohi /^aHHaro npOHSBeAeHifl 

MOriO HH^TB BliflHie H TO OfiOTOflTOlBCTBO, WTO HHeaiejEB 06panQU0fl 

wb HoifB He Ki npaBHieiBCTBy cb i^iiiBi) BOSAiftoTBia Ha ero hoih- 
THEj, a El o6mecTB7, XOTH 6h e oieHB ydsoiiy. EpHTH^eoKoe naorpo^- 
Hie HH Ha MHHyTy He noKH^aeTB HHoaieiH Bi sTom npoHSBeAeniH, 
BBcpasaflCB BB KiTKHxi>, Hep^AKo ocTpoyMHsrB H HAOBHTfiiXB sani- 
^aniaxB, nopOD se oho nepezoxHrB BCHKyi) irlpy, BUSHBas ueio^HHH 
npHAHpsR H HeonpaBeAUBua do eyn^eoTBy nanaARH aniopa. 

FjiaBHOD i^iiBD nocj[iAHifl nocraBHJTB oe6i paacMOTptTB* coot- 
BiTOTByKKTb-AH AApoBaHHUfl ABopflHCTBy iipaBa fHUHiHuirB Hspaace- 
HiaiTB H BeABKHirb o6iii](aHiflH'B» rpaMOTU, n bocb ero pasdopb bio* 

HHTGfl Z'b OTpHI^aTeJCBHOMy OTB^Ty Ha DTOTB BOIipOCl. Ohb HOAOl^O- 

jieHii yse oaMoft peAaK^ieft saKona, cxpaAaDQ^eS, no ero ifH!bHii), 

SHa^mxeiBHiUCH HeiOHHOCTflMH. nOA06HUH HerO^HOGTH 0H1> yxasBTBaji'B 

wb nepe^HojiefliH npecryueHift, sa KOxopHH nojiarajiooB iHmeHie abo- 
pflHOKaro AOCTOHHCTBa: on HeAoyBrfcBajTB, saKoe npeoTynjieHie pasy- 
Miexcfl noAT* cHapymeniem uflTBH>, tekb saE'B napymeHie npHCHrn 
rocyAapiD bxoahtb wb nouTie HSMiHU, ^acrnue idah cuhtbox) 
HesAy co6oD ne o6H3yDTGH», a KJiflXBa cynpyroBi* <o BsaHKHOirB 
j[D62eHiH> ecTB cxaHHOTBo i^epsoBHoei. To^HO TaEse, saMi^an om, 
cjCKHBue nocTynBH — tojib HeonpeAinrejiBHoe Biipasenie, ^rro h, no 
MaiiopasyMlx) cBoeiiy, h yMa npHAOXHTB ne ]fory»: Apysto ^&cto paa- 
cxpaHBaeTCH BOjfbAGTBie <jisHBaro nocTynKa» oahofo esb Apysefi, ho 
iBcixi JH oHxii oyAHTb H jiHrnaxB ABopHHOTBa?». cJIsHBiift nooTynoKi> 
BB ofin^esHxiH, npoAOxsairB deanomaAHHft bphthr'b, fioiie Bctx'B 6u* 
saerB npn ABopi: OAHaKO, ne oiumHo, ^to6u kto nonpaBHicH hih 6u na- 
KasaH'B 6uiB, a nanpOTHBi Toro fiiaroAapenifl, jokhbuh BOCKiHi^aHiH, 
npoTHBy JULOTBU o6MaHu rocyAapoTBy yHHoawirroH*. CloAepsaHie sa- 
Eona noABepraiocB ne MeH&e pimHTOiBHHirB nanaAeHiflirB oo CTopoHU 
EpHTHsa. Ohx HaxoAHJTb, TTO oiaxBH rpaMOTU, ofiedneHHBaBnnH nena- 
EasyoMOCTB ABopflHHHa 6e3'B cyAa, ne npeAoraBiflDTi co6ok) csaEoe 
oco6eHHoe npano, h6o HHTAi h caMolt noAiiSmift siOAtft Ceai oyAa 
He HaEadyeTCfl», caMoe ocBo6osAeHie otb Tiiecnaro HaEasanifl, no ero 
cioBau'B, cHO HOBoe npaBO», a cym^eoTBOBaio 6yATO-6B[ yse oo Bpe- 
MOHH Ilexpa B. Cb en^e 6osbmei iAROCTBD OTSUBaica owb o 21-tt 
cxaxBi rpaMOTH; naxoAfl <yAHBHTexBHUM'B» MEiocTHBoe paspimeHie 
HMOHOBaTBOH <no]iin(HsaifH>, AAHHoe ^epesB 70 JiixB no ynnqrose- 
^iriH noirbcxiil, h roBopa, ^o nassaHie <BOTUHHHEa>, ne jsfjomfie 

HHEaEHXB 0C06lIX!B npftBl^ OGXB cXOBMO HiEOTOpaH HHIB, CpOHieHHaH 

B'B t'lasa AU ocii^njieHifl h, kosotb 6uxb, npiaxHafl xaEHMi, eoto- 

pHe HHEaSHMH THXiaVH yAOBOIBCTBOBaXBCH H6 MOryTB H pftA^I ^xjkMUH 



ABOPflHCKlft nyBJIHIi;HGrB BRATBPHHHHCKOd 8JI0XH. 245 

6fi6jLetMo1t Beu^HRH KHHrs THTJiaiiH OBanmi HanoiHflTB». HiKotopuA 
se oraTBH h nojioseHiii rpaHOTBi BiisuBaiH 7 Hero npaxoe HeroAO- 
BaHie H npoTecTB. Cti ocofieHHoft aHepriei BOsoraBajTL owb npoTHB'b 
TTBepa^eHifl, ^to ABopflHe aoishh HaiHHaTL cbod ojiysfij 01 hhs- 
HHxi WEOVb, wro6u HajqHTBOfl diiTB xopomHifH na^aiBHHKaifH. Bi» 
onpoBepseHie Tasoro npaBHia ovb yiasuBajrB npHMipH — nomrefl a 
Koi^ie, KOTopiie He oiyxHn hh nox^b ihEWb npeABOAHrejiBCTBoiii, 
HO caHH 6uji[H €;(o6pue Haqai£HHKH>. noAoSEOifj npaBHiy npoTHBo- 
pt^jTH, DO ero yKasaHiD, h oiy^aH nosaioBanifl EEaTepsHon cu- 
HOBet sHaTHux'b jiDAeft eiofi vb uaAeH^ecTfii o^HqepaMH rBapAia: 
eojTB 621 npasHJio 6kij[0 Bipno, to vb TasHx^ nosasoBaHiflrb HaAo 
61UO 6h BHA^Tb He MEiocTB, a HaEasame, Tasi BaKi GjiaroAapa nwb 
nosaxOBaHHue oraHOBHTCfl «He toib toahu, RaKi APFie, tokmo otb 
HHBKHxi crenoHeft npoHciii6Ainie>. «HaROH^i^, ecjra cie npaBHJio eoiL 
ofimee, to oho Ha bc^xi roojAapeft npooTHpaeTca; ohh qpesib Bci 
qsHona^airiH ne upoHOXOAflTB; ytSo He MorjTB 6iiTH AO^pse Ha^an- 
hhsh, h6o wh CBoe Bpeiffl caiiH noBHHOBaTi»cfl ne npiofiHEU*. IIo^h 
€T0jib se CTpaoTHo Boopjsaicfl OH'B npoTHBi 7-i craT&H rpaMOTH, 
coxpaHflBmeft ABopflHCKoe SBanie sa ABopaHRofi, BHmeAHiet saicysi 
sa ^eiOBiRa ji:pjTOTO cooaoBifl, craTBH, Roropafl, no ero (U[OBaHX»^ 
<He TORMO ecTB He opaBO, HO fipoA^ rocjAapcTBj, paspymeflie npa- 
BOBi>. CH^enie cocjiOBifl jse cauo no ceCt cocTaBJiHio bi masax'B 
HHoaTeifl BpeA'B roojAapcTBy; OBepx'b Toro, owh oaacajicfl, tto npH 
AOSBOJieHlH noAo6HHxi 6paR0B%, xeHu-ABopflHRH 6yAyTi> passopaTb 
OBOHXi uyseft, a netforaTtie ABopane cTanyrB «npoAaBaT%> cbohxx 
Ao^epeft sa BynifOBi. cEh se HMnepaTopcsoe BeiHqeoTBO, He 6evb 
Iakocth BaRin^ajcB owb, vb Hanasi OBoeirb coHSBOJiHia cRasaTb, tto 
eoxH nocii ea. saROEOAaToncTBa napoA'B ea ne fiyAen HaHAo6poAi' 
TOJiBHtftHiit, TO Ao cero Hec^acTiH ne xon^erB ona a^shtb; a a, RaR% 
BipHoft noAA&EHoft, HH pasBpaTy ne xo^ h ne sejiaH) cHeprH Moero 
]f0Hapxa> *). Ro Boim nqnuiTB n HMyn^ecTBeHHUM'B npaBan, Aa- 
poBaHHUMii H noATBepxAeHHUir& ABopsHOTBy sajOBaHHOH) rpaMOTOD, 
II](ep6aT0B'B CHHTan nysHUMi npHCoeAHHHTB eme niROTopiiH, roto- 
pHH, no ero, ne ooBci^, Bnpo^eirB, cnpaBeAUBOMy, yBipemK), cy- 
mecTBOBaiH H paHBme h Roropufl Oflnb a'^bji'b na €noqeTHUfl> e 
«noxe8HHfl>. Bi paapaAi* nepBuxi oh^ oTHOcnjni ocBoCosAOHie abo- 
pflHi OTB cjiysSu BT* HHSHExi qHHaxi», ycTaHOBieue ocoOaro naRa- 
saHiH sa ocRop6ieHie ABopancRaro AOcroHHCTBa, npaBO ABopanaHa bi» 
A&iarBy RaoaDn^HXca ero ^octh h shbhh, aasHaiaTB oahofo bi ^hcjuo 
cB0HX% oyAet h Bu6HpaTB aABoaaTa (€CTpan?aro»), oTAihieaie abo- 
paffB npa saRjinveHiH noAi cxpaxy orB jhhii'b KPjwrb oociOBifi, 
npaBO ocBotfozA&'TBoa BHecenieirb sajiora otb apecTa ne no yroxoB- 
HiziTB A*Jia>rB, CB060AHB1I AOcryffB AJia bcAx-b ABopaai ro ABopy, 
npaBO ^BAHTB Ha nap6 xomaAet wh RapeT& h coxpaaeHle noiy^ea- 



*) C01., I. 279—80, 282, 283, 285-6, 275—6, 280—2, 



246 PyCGKOB BOriTGTBO. 

Hsucb 3a-rpaHHitefi ^hhob'b npi nocTjiueHiH Ha pycoKji) cjrysfiy. 3% 
^HOJio cnoJiesHUX'B iipaBi» owb noMin^an, iiesAT npomrb, Tasia^ 
saKi npaBO naTpoHaTa noMimHSOB'B h^mI'l CBfln^eHEHsaiCH h i^epKOB- 
HHKaHH, «ocHOBaHHoe Ha o6pflAi nepBeHOTByDH^efi i^epKBi, Boer^a 
npe6HBai)ii](ee, noATBepa^eHHoe rpasAaHCEHMH ysaKOHemaiiH h o6h- 
^aeirL», npano BHHosypeHifl h BBOsa BHHa bi ropoj^a, aepeBoaa 
KpecTMVb E OTnycKa hxi Ha mm e saBiniaHifl AepeseHb Ha Bpe- 

HeHHBIX'B yOIOBiflX'B *). 

IIpaBa, A&poBaHHSifl saiOBaHHOft rpaHoxolt ABopflHosnirB ofin^e- 
CTBaiTB, vh CBOD o^epe^ib noABepriHCB co CTopoHU I0[ep6aTOBa He 
Henie pIsKoft KpHTHEt. ^BopHHCKifl co6paHifl, cocraBJUiDnuflCfl no co- 
suBy H AOSBOieHix) reEopax^-ryfiepnaTopa hjih ryfiepnaTopa, no mhA- 
hId nHcaTeifl, €co6flpai>TCfl ne azh oysAeHia o cbohxi ^^axi, h6» 
pa3CM0TpiHia o6n;ett H ^acTHoS noiBss, ho tokmo, KaK'b Hi^KOTopuH 

OpyAiH»; ABOpHHCTBO He MOSOTL npOTHBHTbOH BiaCTH HaHtCTHRKOBl, 

HODOAcyAHuxi CeHaiy h nouBsyDn^Hxca oco6£iici AOB^pieiii jfonap- 
XHHB, H <ABopflHe 6j fijTb TOKMO cxissaTBCfl 611TB saxAue TpH roAa 
CBBA'i^TeiH yrfccHeHifl oBoero, rtirb rop^afimaro, uo bhaib 6yAeTB 
npefiuBaiB, aKo6Bi ohh caiui bhhobhu vb cBoeirb yTioEeniH*. 
npH xaKoui nojioseniH ne Hysen ABopancEoiiy co6paHiD h ooo6Hfi 
AoiTB, cpasBi yricHeHia ero 6jjifiTb navaTHHK'B h TeKHflii[a nvb cbo* 
6oAU>, a Bi apxHBi coSpania €6oJiBniaa ^aciB 6yAyrB coxpaaaTBca 
AiaHia ero pa6cTBa, a ne a^hIh fiiaseacTBa cero noxBaiBHaro co- 
6paHia>. "^Todii HonpaBETB 8totb nopaAOEi, aBToprb cqaTaJi'B npes^e 
Bcero coBepmeHHo HeoSxoAHMHirB aobboihtb ABopaHCTBy BHoiai cbo- 
6oAHUlt Bii6op'B ry6epHCEaro npeABOA&Tejui, TaKi sasi HHa^e «0'b 
^ecT0J[i)6ieM'B ^eiOBis'b b% SHaTHon ^HHy» ne pimHTca noABeprayTB 
ce6a pHOKy He-yTBepsAOHia co CTopoHu HaiiiGTEHEa. Owb seJianAa* 
jsie tosbe TO^aaro onpeAtieaia npani* aaa'i^CTHHKa oTHOcHTeiBHo abo- 

paBCRHXl XOAaiaftCTB^, HMeHHO Vh TaROlTB BHAi, ^o6u HaMiCT- 

HHKi ja6o npeAciaBJuurb 8th xoAaiaficTBa Honapxy, jih6o oo- 
ofin^aJii npauHH CBoero oisasa bi laKOirB npeACTaBieHin ABopanaMi^ 
npa^OHi nocji'lABie ooxpaaajra Ca npaBO caHH nocxaTB cbod ^eio- 
GHTflyu, CaMua 8th xoAaTafioTBa, no MHiHiK) nHoaTexa, aoashu 6iuih 
paspimaTBoa ae TOJUbKO b-b npeAiJiaxi* cyn](eGTByK)^HXi saROHOBi, ho 
H Bi cMiicii npocBfo o6t» HSHiHenia nocxiAHHX'B, eciH oHHiarocTHH 
cocjioBiD; Bx npoTHBHOMi ojiy^ai dto npaBo osna^ajio 6k[ tojibko to, 
^0 ABOpaaaM'L cnosBOJiaeTca BHSsaTB, KorAa hxi* 6bi)tb>. YcTaaoB- 
jieHHHft sasoHoiTB HMyn^ecTBeHHuft n cjiiyse6HHfi T3fiRZT> jmB saHaiia 
AoiSBocreft no BudopaHi II(ep6aT0Bi oTBopran oaMuiTB pimaTeAB- 
HMiTb o6pa30M'B, HpoAJaraa Jianib yciaHOBaTB, ^o6fii BumeAniie b% 
OTciaBsy 6e3i> cepBOsaux'B npaqHB'B ao nojry?enia o$Bi](epcKaro ^aaa 
MorjiH 6htb BH6HpaeMu tojibbo aa caiiBUi HH3mia aojkshocth*, mo 
EacaeTca Bospaoraaro i^easa, to bi ycTaHOBieHia 25'JiiTHaro Bospao- 



») Tawae, 290-5. 



XBOPflHCKlft nyBJrHn;HCTB BSATBPHHHHCROtt dnOXH. • 247 

Ta aBTopi BEfjbjTb oTAaJieHie cpoRa cosepineHBoitTifl h, oi^^^obe- 
TenAO, temfi jHemneme ApeBBaro npasa ABopflHCEaro> *). nopfl- 
AOVb samiCH ABopflHOKHXt ^aMHiiil vb poAOCjnoBHua eehth h AOKa- 
saTeucTBa ABopjiHcxaro npoHCXosAeHia^ wb lowb BHAi, KaKib ohh 
6UIH onpoA^eHH rpaMOTOD EKaiepHBH, paBHHirb o6pa80irb HaBJieKiH 
Ha cefifl CH2BHHe ynpesi oo ciopoHu I0[ep6aTOBa. HaxoAH, hto ycra- 
EOBxeHHHfl meoTb TOcreft poxooiOBHoK BEHni cbohitb nopaAKOMi h 
pasA^ieHieM'b, CHimHBaDHiHM'L HOBtie poAU go cTapuMH, HapymaDTs 
cHCTopHqecKift nopaxoKi* h chothhy HCTopH^ecKjD*, ovb TjTb xe 
BoacTaBan npoTHBi Aocryna bi abopahctbo njxewb cxysSii h npH 
noKonpi rpaMKaTHHeesHxi yxampeHift A0Ka8UBa2^ HesaKOHHOCTB Ta- 
xoro Aocryna, yrBepoBAAfl hmohho, Cjkio yKasi 1721 r. h TafieiB o 
paaraxi othochahcl tojibko si msfiM'h^ nojiynHBimiirB oj^Hi^epcKie 

qHHtl Jlfi HBAaHill 8THn SaROEOB'B. CoOTBiTOTBeHHO dTOMJ OVb OTBa* 

8UBajiofl cmaTb naTOHTH sa heeh h opAesa, sa EcxjoD^esievb op- 
AeEOBi, AftBaeMHxi oaMEiTB roojAapeiTB, xoKasaTeiBCTBOHi ABopsE- 
cTBa; E6 c^uiraii owb j]ffi6Exan> npssflaBaTB sa TaKoe AORasareJiBCTBO 
E CBHA^TejDbCTBO 12 ABOpEHi 6iaropoAEOi XHBEE A^A^ E OTi^a npe- 
TeHAesTa Ea ABopflEcaoe SBaEie, Tasi EaKi ^B&b cis cBEAlTe^B 
AOisEu 6uTb HecTopH^ sHBmie ipE BiKa neJioBiqecKHX'B*, h, cBepi'b 
Toro, npH BTOMi cnoco6i AOBaaareJiBOTBa jierKO BOSMoassu sioyno- 
TpefijieEiji **). 

BEEMaEie nHcaieJUi jcTpeiuEJioGB TaKOE'B o6pa80inb no npenMy- 
mecTBy sa rt ciaGsui cropoEtt vb shsee pyccsaro ABopflECTBa, boto- 
pufl irtmaiE BTOMy; oAapoEEOMy yse MEorEME npEBHieriflEE, BJiaooy 
saEETB npouce e caiEocTOflTeji])Eoe aojioHesie vb KaveoTBi o6ooo6jieE- 
Hoft co^iaABoj| rpyEEH. Obi xejiaxB bha^tb a&hehS ejuicci saM- 

SEyTUH'B E p:bQIETeJIBEO nepBOECTByiDIItHM'B Bl» rOCyAapCTBi COCJIOBi- 

eM'B, speABaBEaHeflEHiTB no npeEMyn^ecTBy a^ rocyAapcTBOEsofi 
ciysfiu E EBA'ikieEBUM'B Ea Eei oco6uiie apaBaxH, pacaoiarann^Hii^ 
npoEEHMi BKOEoiiEHecEEM'B 6jiarococTOflEiein>, KOTopoe oosAaBaioob 6u 
nyTOMi ECBJiioRBTejLEaro BjiaAmecTBa ei^ EeBOi&EHVb EapOAEUMi 
TpyAOHi E EOjiLsoBaEii pflAOKii BasEux'B npEBHJierifi wb c^epl Top- 
roBiE s npomimjieEEoctHy Easoflei^, o&iaAaionuiM'B eebpoehitb caMO- 
ynpaBieflieirB e BiouirB roiocom vb o6^e-^ocyAapcTBeEEUx^ fi^^nxb. 
Yse 8TH ^epra y&a8UBaDTii, KaKoe noioxeEie aojkxeo 6ujio vb npo- 
OKTaxi ABopflEGEaro nyfiui^cTa bhebotb eb aoid kpjtbji^ BiaoGOBi> 
flapoAa. II][ep(SaTOBi vb gboex'b npoESBeAeEiflX'B eo ocTaHaBiEBaiofl 
Ea EExi OTOAB SO EOApo6Eo E Eacaicfl EXi SE8EE naBEHMi o6pa- 



*) TaiiKe, 296—6, 298, 301, 302; 296-7, 199—800, 803-310. 
**) Taiixe, 315—325, 328—32; ohi npHBOAHn npHMtpi, vro „BBH8fc 
yp)'C0BTi H Apyrie 6xaFopoxHHe o ABopaHOTB'i^ IIojieTaeBa, xonona kh. ^gt^' 
pyROBa, noAOHoajDieb''; yKasaHHuft b% tokct^ b8f»a% Ba yBaBii 1721 r. e 
Ta66n o paHPBxi, BpoTHBop^aoiift Tony, wto saflBJuu'b n^epiSaTOBi* b% BBaTe* 
pHHiiBCBoft KoMMBCciv, cv. Tasse B'h ero „Pa8MHini[eBiax'B o saBOEOAaTeJObOiBt 
BOo6Bi;e^, Goq., I, 413—14. 



246 PFCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

soiTb Bi> rfaxi cTopoHaxi, RaKHMH OHa conpHBaoaxacB oi shshld 
ABopflHOTBa, HO cyn^HocTB ero Bsrjiflj^oBi na OTHomeHui sthtb Apj- 
rBX'B KJEacooBi K'b roojAapoTBj H nepBoxj oocjobud fisxa Boe-se 
BucKasaHa hitb gi AooraTOHHOD upbootld h 76iAvrexBiocTBD. 06pa- 
THHCfl en^d Ki 8T0fi cTopoHi ero BoasptHift, xoropas AoncHa oeoh- 
^aTejiBHO o6pFeoBaTL saHi ero coi(iaj[&H7D (|)H3ioHOiii]D. 

B'B SH3HH ropoACBoro Riacca II]|ep6aT0Bi ooo6eHHo no;q[)0($Ho 
ocraHaBJiHBajiofl Ha boshoshocth nepe;^o;^ hb'B Hero b^ BHcmee co- 
cioBie nyreiTB noauuiOBaHifl ^hhoitb, boshoshocth, nocjrbACTBiH koto- 
poft OHi>, B^ otporoM's oorjQiaciH ot o6n^MH cbohmh mvjuififiME^ o6pH- 
coBHBaii> caHUMH TeHHUMH EpacBaHH. Tasott nepexoAi, HHEor^a, 
Bnpo^eMi, He npio6plTaBniifi naccoBaro xapaKTopa, aBJiHioH vb ero 
TJieaaxb o^Hofi mrb rjiaBHtirnHxi npH^HH'b oiafiooTH pyccEofl ToproBjra 
H pjocEaro KyneqeoTBa. «?hhh, BooEm^aii ovb, octb fl3Ba, Eoxopan, 
3apa3HBi pocciScsHX'B syni^OBi Bpe^HHirB h o6niecTBy, h mn> caxHM^ 
desyuievBy coBepmoHHo pasopnerB poocificKyi) ToproBjno>. Bjraroj^apn 
nosaiOBaHin KymioB'B ^HHaHH hsi ToproBaro oOpan^enifl HBi&eHJiiDTCH 
fiojEBmie EanHTaiii, EoropuHH h TaKi nefioraTO pycoEoe syne^ecTBo, 

H HaHOCKTGfl OD^e BpOAIt TOprOBJlt Bl» TOMHb OKHCll, TTO diyseCTpafi- 

H£ie Eyui^?, 3Hafl, Eon jierEO vb Poccin hbi Eym^oBi wb ;(BopHHe 
nepenpurapB, y^epsHBaDTB cbohitb EpeAHTOK'B», 6e8i» soToparo ne 
Moxerb cyn^ecTBOBaTB pycoEaai ToproBJUi. Tarn nosaxoBaniH oojia- 
6juri)TB ropoxcEOit Ej[aoci>, h BiiicTt oi Ttirb etl <cjiys6a 
speTepni^BaerB h ieeu ynoAunroH, a ojiysanpft EopnycB ^BOpflH- 
oEot oropqaeTCfl>. KynqoBi xe, no MHinii) nytiAHi^HOTa, noCya^ai'B 

AOfiHBaTBCfl qHHOB'B TOJnOBO «pOA'B tieSyHlH, COHpaseHHKi (TB jiHoorix)!, 

TaRL EaB'B npn dtoitb ohh BBmrpuBaiH jmniB coAHHoe hmh, hosbo- 
jieHie HMiTB AepeBHH h Homeme mnarn, noroMy vro, eoiH npflMO 

paSCMOTpiTB, TO pOOOlfiOEift ABOpflHHHl HHEaEHXl, OEpOMfl OerO, HpaBIb 

He HHierB». 3a to ohh TepHJOi «npH6HUHufi TOprB» h BosiioaKHOCTB 
«cnoEoSHaro acHTui> ajul ce6a h fffcTeft h, BSBajiHBas na hocjAabh^I'i 
«B'B rpyfiocTH poa^eHHUXi h xy^o BocnHTaHHB[X'B», paoxoAvt h th- 
rocTH ABopflHOSoft Gjiys6u, noABopraiH hx-b pHCEy xersaro passope- 

Hifl H OTaHOBHJELHCB fBIOA'i^MH CBOerO HOHaAlH* *)• dTOrB BOUpOCB 

Epafine HHTopecoBajTB nncaTeifl h QWb neoAHOspaTHO vb neny bo3- 
BpamajiCH, noABsyacB HHorAa ajih ero BOsSyxAenifl coBcir^ EasaiocB 
6u, HenoAxoAflHiHMH noBOAaMH. Tasi, npeAiaraa wb 1787 r. pflA% 



♦) „Pa8MHinjieHifl o ymep6* ToproBJUi", xaMse, 620, 623 — 6^ bt. APy'O* 
pasi II^epGaTOB'b saaBJiJiaii A&3K6, qto bi> PoccIh npasa Rym^oFB Bume Dpass 
ABopancTBa, AOsasHBaa axo ciri^ymuHiui npiucipaMH: cum* HMeHHTaro Kyima 
HOsoTb d^BAHTB B'B BapoTb ^eTBepHcft, a ABOpflHEHii. HO HMiK>II^ft o^ffi^epcsaro 
vHHa,— TOJiLKO Ha APOSEazi*; „6oraTaro OTKynmsKa hjeh noApxA^BEa BHyEi, 
He MeHbme HMennTaro cbohm'b sanHTajiOH'B, BaB% bopobctboh% h OTaronieHievb 
HapoAB, npH posA^HlH cBoeMi npaBO Ha noTOMCTBeHHoe noveTHoe vmb XBopa- 
HHHa noiy«aen»^, a chhobba ABOpflHHHa He noxy^aBOTi 6e8i ciysdn M,»x^ 
HHsniaro o^Bi^epcKaro VHHa. — ^PasuHinseHifl o saKOHOAaTeiibCTBi", TaMse, 401. 



ABOPilHCKIH n9BJ[HI^GTl> BSATBPHBHECKOi SnOXK. 249 

Mipi jsfiSL noMon^H HapoxT b'b nopaseHHUX'b rojio^oirb MioTHOcTflX'b 
PoeciH, OHi B% noio Isthxi uiyb CTaBsn h ^apoBaaie Eyni^am* ?E-r 
HOBi H opAesoRb sa noxepTBOBaHia bi nojoaj TOJLOjifiJoinflTb, eo 
TfTB ace H npoesTHpoBajTL Ha tfjAyniee Bpeicfl npeRpaTHTB nojiftfiwunL 
noxaxoBaHifly e oepBiift npooKn aaHHiiaii ero ejD(Ba-jiH eb 6ojAq 
Bcero, sasi* opeAOTBO ;^ npoBeAesia nocjAffjuiTo *). SaKpsBafl Ta- 
KHKi ofipasoiTb nepoA'B syne^eoTBorb aoctjeii B'b ^ajsjn ABopaECTBa, 
owb mtbffii (Tb Ttrb jEopso BOScTaBaxb npoTEBi noKjmeEitt'KyniiiOB'B 
paBx&iETb 01 BiicmflE'b oocjioBieE'B ero rjiaBHOe npaBo Ea BiaAtEie Kpi- 
EocTEUMi TpjAoiTb. Kor^a vb EsaTepHEHEOKoft KoMMHGciE EisoTopiie 
ESI ropoACKEXi j^enyraTOBii bhctjeejie ci npocb6ai[E o paspimeEia 
Kyni^airB soKynaTb KpbnocTEHX'by ID^epfiaTOB'b ebeice OAEHMib ES'b 
fiafl6ojrte aEeprEUHX'b npoTBBEEKOBT» TaKixi npExasaEifi, noibsyflcb 
js^ui onpoBepxesiE exi TasEEE apryiieETaHE, ^o, no KpaSEefl nipt, 
HiBOTopHe E8i> EHXi Mom 6uTb o6pan^eHH e npoTEB'b ABopflEOKaro 
BJiaAisifl jnoAbME. OroraEBafl KptnocTEoe npaBo Eb pynaxi ABopaEi, 
sasi yqaniEXOfl Vh AopeBEEX'b ynpaBJUiTb rocyAapcTBOMi, oex BM^ori 
(Tb T^iTb Eaxoxui^ ^0 Ee Mozerb cy^ecTBOBaTb TaRHxi ocEOBasiS, 
flo KOTopuiTb 6ii cpaBEoM paBEaro mofb bi» EeBOjrfc y cefia EuiTb*, 
T&ifb (Soiie, ^To AXE BTOro Eysao 6suo caoSte ao TaKOtt oypoBocTH, 
TCo6u[ paBsoecrecTBeEEUxi Earn cpaBEETb ci cEOTaHE e eo oAHEoqsi 
npoAaBaTB». IIoKynKa xDAei, no ero meIeuo, Ee npEEecjna 6u nojasa 
fl oaMOMy Eyne^eoTBy, Tasi sasi oBo6oAHuft ^exoBibK'b iCJiysHTb 
oBpoME xaiOBaEbE CBoero no coBepmeEEOHy ycepAix), a bi» EOBoib- 
EuA fl npoEEKEyrb Ee Mory, yoepAesiriE oei» ko hh^ sje Ebrb>. 
CoiuaflOb Ea npEirbpi Bcefi Ebpoeez, Ea npHpo^y ^ejioB&Ra, vb csxy 
KOTopoft cBoibEUfi 'lOJioBiK'b, MoryEuft (Soiie fijiaronojiy^ifl OBoero 
noTepETb, EOxeiE pafii, MOElie sa naRoe sioe a^o OTBaxETcfl e, 
cjAactboeeo, 6ojr&e noBipoEsooTE aoctoeex», e Ea EEiepecu eeb- 
usKTb pa8pEA0BT» caiforo ropoACRoro Riaoca, pEORyDniErb jLEmETbca 
8apa6oTRa npE noflBxeEiE y KjmiflBh RpinocTHUX'b, U^epfiaTOBi nps- 
xoAEJTb B'b saRiDqesii) o HeodxoAEMocTE OTRasaTb Rym^aMi bi exi^ 
Tpe6oBaEiE **). Ho ovb mexi en^e e AUbme, EeApysejKD6Eo oteo- 
oflcb, tAsTb MU omacTE BEA^xE yaxe bto e Bume, h ri BJiaA^Eii) 

$a6pERaET0Eb HBl ropOXaEb T. E. EOCCeCdOEEUME EJIE $a6pE^EmiE 

RpeeTbEEauE. Oei» Ee oahbsiwi BaxporEBaxb btoti Bonpo(rb bi saoi- 
AaEiflxi RoMMECoifl E, yRBBUBafl sa npiT&cEeEiE $a6pERasT0B'b e 
BHBHBaeioie ehe 6yETH RpecnaE'b, Ea pasBparb, picnpocrpaEflionUtGH 
opoAH nocitAHHXi Ea Ryne^eoRHX^ $a6pflRarb, EaROsen^ Ea to, ^to 
lAROTopHe Ryni^ A^pxarb ^6pBRE xEmb a^e BHAy, vto6u nojibso* 
BaibOfl <no]rfcnv^[bE]is AOXOAaicE*, EacTaHBajfb eciE eo Ea coBep- 
meEEoft omtEi, to no MOEbnieft nipt, Ea cepbeBEOMi orpaEE^iesiE 



*} ^PascysA^Hie o HUHiniBeii'b Vb 1787 r. bovth noBcoHtcTHOEi voEOt/k 
vb Poccm". Con., I, 659—61. 
♦*) Con., I, 115-!*. 



250 P7CGK0E BOrATCTBO« 

npasa zjmovb Biaj^TB EaceieiHUME AepeBHflKH nyreiTB soonpeme- 
Hifl noKjiiKH ETh Ki ^atipHKaiTL Ha OyAyniee Bpeiui h npHHnui uiph 
Ki> nocreneHHOMj ocBo6osAeHiK> KjujieHHux'B panie hih ki nepeiOAy 

HX'B B'b ABOpflHCKifl pyUI. PjHOBOfifilOMWh HOTHBOITB K'L np06RTHpOBa- 

Hiv) TaKoro po^a Mtpi, soTopufl sbsAebse 6u Ha Eyae^eosHXi $a6- 
pHKarB KpinocTHot ipyx^ HaeHHHiii, ciysHjra y IIl|ep6aT0Ba x&^eKo, 
Birpo^OMii, He pjsjLdL safiora OS's yT&CHenHOH'B KpecTBflHCTfii; no ero 
pascHeTaMi, h «;^BopflHOTfio, Eoria hzi specTBAHe Mesji^y pa6oTHUxrb 
nopi 6yAyTb xoahtb kl Kyni^airb pa6oTaTB Ha $a6pHKH h saBOAU, 
Hpesi Bflii^iiiyiD i^pKyiflniK) AeEen noibay se ce6i npio6pi^TeTB» *). 
CTpeMflCb nocTaBQTB npoMumjieHHyK) ^TeuEOCTb ropoxcKoro uaoca 
HCKJinuTeiBHo Ha ocHOBaHin ere n^Earo h EaeMHaro ipy^a, ID^ep6a- 

TOB'L He 0C06eHH0 6jiraT0CKJI0HH0 CHOTpiS'b H Ha ToprOByD AiflTejiii»HoeTb 
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*♦*) „Pa8MHiinieHie abop«hctb*", Co^.. I, 268. 
**♦*) Co^., I, 129. 



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*) Co^- 1,181-9, ] 92—200, 115-6, 190-1, 268. 
••) Tam »e, 25—9. 



ABOPflHGKitt WBiWOfLCTb BKATEPHHHHCKOfi dHOXH. 255 

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H OTqaoTH no riwb se camiirB npH^HHairB. <2CejiaHie pobhogth, ao 
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*) nCTaTHCTHKa Vb pascyaA^alE PocciH', TaMTb se, 616—618. 



25€ PFCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

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*) ^npoesrh HapoAHOMi HsyqesiH", Co«. I, 728—33. 

**) y^Emovjtfi, H6 Moserb 6utb ts 6iaronojiy^Ha cTpana, rj^ib nponHTaaie aui- 
Texefl He Ha seHJEeA'bsiH ocHOBaeo^. „CTaTHCTHKa Bi pa3cysA6HlHPoccin^y Cov., I, 
481. 

***) Taiise, 491 — - 2; „Pa8cyaiA«Di© o HHnimHeMT. b% 1787 r. roiox^'^ 
TaMse, 638. 



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•) fCTaTHCTiiKa B% pascysAGEiH PoceiH>,.TaEse, 5dS— 9, 602— 3. 
jt 1. OvKjbn I. 17 



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sasiH ABopflHcsaro Giaronojiyqifl. 

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n^ecTBeflEofi rpynni, no cboehi HpaBCTBeHHUirB oBoioTBairB h 00- 



♦} „Pa8cyaB;^eHie o HUBimseEi Vb 1787 r. roJiOA^", Coq., I, 667— 8^ 
674—6. 

•*) TaMKe, 636—7. 



ABOFHHGKit nVBJEBiJlfiCTb BKATEPHHHHGROfi 8nOXH. 269 

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npoflSBeAefliH CBoeiTB, osarjtaBJieHHOMi: cOopaBAanie mohxi MUOJiefi 
H Hacxo CB HSjEHiHeK) CMtiocxBK) H3r4arojaHH&iXB ciOB'B>, OHB nope- 
EOCHJLB HHEiUaxHBy BOsfiysAeHiH Boopooa pe^opiti aa EaE6ojrbe 
daHHxepecoBaHsoe vb neM ABopancKoe cocioBie, y6:bSAaE ero <apE- 
HflXB AyxB 6jiaropoAEUi, aT^'^ XBepAOCXE e id6bh oxe^ecxfia^ QpeA- 
cxaBEiB npoA'B Epecxojii MosapmiK xyry cocxoaak oxe^ecxaa Ha- 
inero> **).Mosbo Ayv&TB, OAflaRO, ^xo cavi U^ttpOaxoB'B ho oco6eHHO 
BipEJi'B FB BOdMoauiocTB noABEHyxB cocjioBio fla 8X0XB nyxB. Ho KpaE- 
Heft nipt, wb ero HAeajiBsoMi rocyAapcxBl — «0$EpcKoA 3eMjit> 
fijiaroxBopHHtt nepefiopoxi» npoESBOAEXB BeuKift h A^6poAixeJU»HJuft 
MOHaprB no coScxBeEHOMy no6ysAeHiH), — ^epxa, xapasxepHaa au 
oii;tHKE A:fcScxBExejiBHOE cfljiu AAAHaro HanpaBJieHia. 

Mu Be 6jJifiUb yse ocxaHaBJiflBaTBca aa xojebko-tto noHaHyxoEi 
yxoDE^ecKOMi npoE3BeAesiH ID^epCaxoaa — «IlyxemecxBie b^ somjuo 
04^HpcKyiD», eABa-i[E se caMOMB cjnaCoM'B ero xpyA^ e no cejti o6fla- 
pyseBEaro«Bi aeifB xajiaExa, e no xapasxepy coAepsaHia. Ua no- 
lOBEsy uaif^jexB, sa noiOBEHy EAHJuia, oho saEJED^eiB bb ced& 
cjumKOE'B Maio noiexa hhcie jifio. yxonin e EanEcaao ciEniKOM'B 
fiji'^AHiaiiE E xycKJUiEE KpacjLaME fiflB xoro, ?xo6ii EMtxb aflaqeaie oa- 



*) P. CrapeHa, 1871, HI, 687—8. 
**) EH(5fllorp. 3aQHCKa, 1859, J\& 13, c. 408. 

17* 



260 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

THpu. Bi HeiTB TSKi uajio fjfVLUTQBm, TTO ;i[%ficTByiomlfl XHI^a H& 

TOJIBKO rOBOpflTB OJI^HHITB H TlVb SO BSilKOirB, HO H oGia^aiOTB BCik 

noOTH OAHOE) H TOD-se HapysHOCTbK); Tasi Hairo yronin, ^to bi h3o6- 
pasaeHoiCL hitb HAeajTBHOMx rocjAapcTBt oKasuBaDTCfl EpinocTH, 
Giyasamift He toilro a^ih OTpaseniH BniniHHX'b BparoBi, ho h j^jui 
ycMHpeHifl 6yHT7DmHXi rpaB^^Hi. Sa'^cb mm HaxoAHMi h A^nap- 
TaMOHTb A^ GooTaBJuenifl saKOHOBi, B'B TOHi BHAi, KaEi» MU nosHa- 

EOMHIHCB (TB EHITL paHiO, H apiHB'B BOT^HHHOfl KOJIXeriH CI yCTpoft- 

OTBOirs, npoeRTHpoBaHHUMi ]I]|ep6aT0BHMi pfls. coBpeMeHHaro eicy 
apxHBa, E MHorifl en^e APyna AoraJiH. HaH6ojiie se Epynnux'B bo- 
npocoBi mjepCaTOBB He ydrbji paapadoraiB B'B btoitb neAOEOHqeH- 

EOITB HITB TpyA^) 6CJIH HO C^ETaTB BOHpOCa peUHH, ^OVB 6WL0 

y HacB ynovflHyio paHBme. Bi o6ii^eM'B bi btomi npoBSBeAeHia mosho 
Ha&TOA&TB TO se coeAHHOHie nojiHTH^ecRaro caofioAOHBiGJiifl ct» ysEO- 

OOOIOBHUHl BrOHSMOlfB, OTOJIB XapaETOpHOe AU m^epfiaTOBa, COOAH- 

HHBmaro ypcncH sanaAHO-eBponeftcEoS Teopis cb Bne^aTitHiiiMH pyo- 
OBofi A^ftcTBHTeJOiHooTH B'B OAHO i^'l^BHoe, HO ysEoo Mipocosepi^aHie. 
HanpaBJieHie, EOTopoe 6sjio nopoxA^HO Bcrp'lqeil sanaAHOft non- 
TE^ecsoJl HUOJiH 01 pyccEHH'B Ep'bnocTHHHecTBOM'B V flpRHifB npeACTa-* 
BBTexeiTB EOToparo HBHJiofl II](ep6aT0Bx, ho yuepjio BMtcrt ci qo- 
CJri^AHHM'B E CB OFO BEoxofi. IIooJitAOBaBmifi ?a 6j[ecTBniBH'B no Bfiim- 
EOOTB i^apcTBOBaHieiTB ERaTepEHBi spaTROBpeHeHEuS nepioAi^ npaB- 
xeHifl IlaBia EarjEAEO noEasaii niHpoREirB RpyrarB ABopEHCRara 
o0mecTBa, sa ^oitb ocEOBtiBajiHCB Bct ex'b npHBHieilE, h bto oCctoe- 
TejEBCTBO jusao cEjnbSHft TOJt^iORi HAe&HOMy ABBsoHiK), coo6niHBi eHy 
66iBniyD cepBesEOCTB e cosEaTejEBEocTB. BiiecTflnufl opaTop'B Focy- 
AapcTBOEEaro CoB^Ta AiesoaEApoBCEoft anoxn^ RoppecaosAeETB e Apyn 
EeETaica, Mopabehobii A<u[eRO onepeAEJi'B jmjijdti ERaTepHHBHCRaro Bpe- 
HOEE vb rjiy^HEi EOEEMaEifl BanaAEuxi yqpesxeEifi e EAett, eo npn 
BEEvaTejiBEOxi. Ea&nDAeElE eo rpyAEo ompuTB qepTU pasHxejiBEara 

CXOAOTBa EOS Ay EEH'B E TflSeiOBtCEBIM'B, EeyRJTDSElTB yqeBBROMl 

crocnoAEEa MoEiecRBei — mepfiaxoBHMi. IIoCiAa bi cnopi o6nie- 
CTBeEBHX'B CKJTB EO AOCTaJiacB, OAEaRo, Ea AOix) A^HEaro HanpaBJieHiE 
E EOJtreco ECTopiH noBopEyjoiocB Ee bi» Ty cropoHy, vb EaEyi) xoxtjEH 
ero flanpaBHTB II][ep6aT0B% e ero diEsafimie npeeHHEEE. Ho no Mtpi 
Toro, EaRi BUflCEEJiOfl BTOTB o6nuft peayjtBiarB, pas'BeAEBBJiECB e era* 
EOBEiECB BO BpasAe^Eoe OTflomeEie ota'^ibeue qacTE EiRorAa u^sb- 
soft nporpaMMU. CaiTB lE^epfiaTOBi ocEOBUBajn cBoft njiafl'B o6n^eft 
pe^opMH Ea onpeAtJieEEOH'B coi^iajiBEOMX ^yEAaMeflrb e cb cBoei 
TOTCE sp'&BiE AOBOJiBEO nocjitAOBaTejBEO npeACEasiiBaJi'B pesyjoLBTaTH 
naABBiE Rp'i^nocTEaro npaBa a'e ABopEECEaro o6n;ecTBa: «qTO 6oj[te 
ceft EJinqi abopeecrhx'b aoxoaofb 6yAerB yMOBBmaTBCE, to 6ojiie 
ABopflsCTBO Vb AtficTBETejirBEyK) EEE^eTy, vb 3arpy6tJi[0CTB, bb yflBi-* 
Eie E B'B ApyriE 8J[u.;^EeE36isEUfl BnaAeTi>» *). HiRoropyn csarpy- 



*) CovFHeHifl BE. M. M. n^epCsTOBa, I, 160. 



ABOPaacKifi urBmnzcvb BKATEPHsnECKofi 8noxH« 261 

<}&iocTBHyHUHie» A'i^8cTBETeibH0 upHmiocB Ha6jtK)A&TL nosAHiftniHirb 
noEOJrtHiHH'b. mwh A&^te mjto BpeMfl, Tiwb 6ojLie npeACTaBHTeJUi 
ooCdBOBBUxi npHiasaaiA 8a6iiiBajB[H opaBHJto, Ha KOTopoMi> HaciaHBajTB 
HXi npeAinecTBeHHBK'B EsaTepHBBHCKofl snoxn, KuTopuMi OB'S onpaa- 
AUBajTb OBOH ropBKia yKopflSBiii cospeMeHBocTa: €yno;yieBie AT^a hh- 
KOFAB Be AtaaerL ^octbuxi juoabA h sctb ysacHO h 6e3yiffHO Tpe6o- 
BBTb, qro 6ojii'fte mh tsjuu 6yAeirL, to xjnie 6^jifiMi> rpasA&He> *)• 

B. MflKOTHM-b. 



*) TtMse, 333-4. 



yjIHHHHfi MaJIbHHK'L. 

Hbi* Aah HerpH. 



51 BHsy: Hxerb ohi no JooAHOft Aopori, 

6% rpflSH, HO npoKpaceHi, npoBopeHi. 
B'b KJiOHKax'B ero RypiRa, BzrjiBKb cwbjrb e saxopeffb^ 

Bi HsoApaHHoft o6yBn hofh. 
CpeAH aKHnaJseft, no yjoiirl rpasnoft 

Om micuracrb, 6iKBHA icajiBHHniRa, 
H KaMHn mBBipAerb bi co6aR'by yaci BopHniKai 

BescTuxift H narjoift n npasAHuft. 
Owb CKaien, cm^otca... Il^BirB AHsaro Tepna... 

S, xyMaio: icaTB na saBOA^^, 
Oiei^'b-a^e b'b TiopBMi; oh*b OAHHib na cbo6oa%. 

A Bi TBmsLwb xasi GesnpBsopno! 
H CTpax'b sa nero uber a^bhti, RaRfB ropH. 

%o 6jjifiTb CB To6oft, MajiBHyraHoiTB, 
HcnopHesHHiTb, ARKHirbi Ji'iHHBUirb, GyflHOiCB 

Eesi BipUy 6e8'B BCflKoft onopu? 
H86yniRH poAHoft coJiOBeft rojiocHcraft, 

mbiTb 6yAemB th bi> Bospacii spijioiTB, 
06MaHn^HK0irB HHSRnirb^ paCoTSHROM's cuijanrL? 

Eto nyTB TBoft yRaxen TepnncTuft? 
Pa6oHafl-jiB fijiysa c% T06010 cpoahhtca, 

KjiefiiceHafl-JiB KypTRa? Kto snaen, 
?t6 jrbrh nepesi ABaAi^aiB toCh oaRHAaen. 

TiopbKa, icacTepcRafl, 6oj[BHHiia? 
n xoHercfl iffli cpoAH jjoma saAHO 

npH»aTb Te6fl Kb cepAny c% tocroio 



yjiH^HHS UAJihmsKh. 263 

H nJiaicaTB ch to6ok) Has^ 8Jio6oft jik)ackoi(>| 

HaAi AOJieft, vo Tani GesoipaAHa! 
OiAaiB Te6% Bc6 noqiiiyH bi MTHOBesBe, 

CsnKafl Bi o6iflTi>£ix'b, jiacRan, 

H Cl 6paTCK0ft Jli060BBK) npOMOJIBHTB, puAaA, 

Cb^tua cjiOBa o6oApeH&fl: 
H Tasace SHJia 6e3i» npaaopa, TOCRya, 

Rasi AHKift i^BiTOKii Ha 6ojroTi. 
Bujia B'B MacTopcKoft MOA MaiB Ha pa6oTi. 
Mu Gjihskh... 3a aio, Moft 6parB no CTpsg^aHBio, 

Te6A 6e38aB%THO jiK)6jiK) al 

A. M. 



HsT) HCTopiH odflaaiejiLHaro ropnaro 

Tpy«a. 

MacTepoBUe h ccujibHO-KaTopwHue ua HepHHHCKHx-b sojiotuxii npoMu- 
Ciiaxi n Hasajia SO-x-b rr. ao 1861 r. 



Bi HCTopiH pasBHTiii $a6pHTOoS h sasoj^CKoft npoMimueHHOcn 
vb EeponeficKofi Poccifl wb XYIII B&Bft BecBHa bhahjh) pojiB (TBHrparB 
TpyA'B pa6oHHX'B HeoBo6oAHiix'B HJiH, no RpafiHeft nipt, o6flBaHHurB 
pa60TaTB vb EaBicTHoxB npoHunuieBHOirb saBeAOHiu. IIOMiiuHKH sa- 
cTaBJimiH cBOHxi KpinocTHux'B OTfiuBaTB 6apmHHy HH $a6pHKax'B; 
sym^axii aosbojibho Cuaq iipio6piTaTB AepesHH ki ^a6pHRaH'B h sa- 

BOAaiTB 01 Tilff'B) ?T06iI OHH COGTaBJIBJIH HX'B HOOTBeifJieMyi) npHHaA" 

jieacHOCTB, HAH Ha Tarn $a6pHRH npaBHrexBCTBO OTAaBaio hbii^iixi», 
tipoAflrB H T. n. (Bci 8TH KpeoTBflHe h pa6o^e, HaBcerAa npHKpia- 
jeHHue BTB ^a6pEBain>, noiyuriH Bnocjfi^AOTBin HasBaHie nocceccioH- 
HHXi)); HaKOHei;i>, Kb ropH^lMi saBOAairB npHnHcuBajiHCB rocjAap- 
cTBeHHue EpecTBflHe au OTpa6oTKH Ha Hflxi jDOAaieft (tbki Hasu- 
Baeuiie npHflHCHiie) *). Bx Ch6hph, xaki HSBioTHo, KpinocTHux'B 
DoqiH BOBce He Oujio, ho sa to ji^jlsi pa6oTB na ajrraftCKHXi h nep- 
vraoKEXii saBOAaxi BiAoxoTBa KadHHera E. B. 6uio npHnBcaHO He 
Maio rocyAapcTBeHHux'B specTBAHi, BOTopsie jifijonEbi Gujih hocte 
cBofi THsejiNt noAHOBoiBHuft TpyAi> Bi Hep^BHCKOMi ORpyrt AO Ha- 
^aia 60'Tby a Ha Axn/k ao na^ajia GO-xi roAOBi, nesAy itirB saK'b 
KpeoTuiHe, npHiiHcaHHiie si ypaiBCKHM'B ropnuirB saBOAairL, 6ujlk 
H36aBjieHH oTb Hero eni^e npH HHnepaTopt AjieRcaHApi I; 6ujio bi 
Ch6bph h HioROiBRo nocceccioHHUxx $a6pHRi: TajiBi^HHORafl ^aflHOO- 
Baa 6JIH8B EpRyrcRa, rAt pa6oTaiH coiutBHO-noceJieHi^Bi, TeiLMHHCRaH 
cyROHHaa (npn BnaAOHiH p. Toibmh vb Aarapy), lAt pa6oTajiH 
ccHJiBHo-noceieHi^i n RpecTBane, h niROTopHH Apyrifl. HaROHei^ Ha 



*) IIpHnHCHHZ'b HHorxa cMtnxHBanirb vh noccecciORHHMn: bt* Taxyio onuCKy 
Bn8AaeT%, HanpHxipi, H. H. BiipcoB'b b% CBoem TpyA^ „PyccKia ToproBO- 
iipoiiuiiuieHflHfl ROMnaHiH bi nepByio nosoBHsy XYIII cTOs^TiH" (Kas. 1896 r., 
cTp. 175^. Ho noccecclOHHSie xpecTiijme 6£iiui o^eHb Gjihskh no cBoeiiy H>pH- 
XHnecROMy nojEosoHiio Vh Rp^nocTHBurbp aiesAy t^mi Raxi npniHCHHe, zots 
H 0Tpa6aTUBaj» Bct noAaTH hie ^agtl hzi sa TopBun saBOAarb, ocxaBaiHcfc 
roeyAapcTBeBHHMH specTbBHaMH. 



H31» iCTOPIH OBflSATEJIBHArO rOPHAFO TPyAA. 265 

AjTraftcKHxi e Hep^EHCKHX'B ropnuxi saBOAaxi pa6oTaji[H nacTepo* 
B£ie, cocTOflBmie Ha noioseHiH BoeHHOcjDLysanpLX'B h noA^HHflBmieca 
crporofi jsjicnEJimwh. Ci itxii nopi, Kasx bi Hawaii SO-xi roAOBi* 
HUHlmHJiro CTOiiTifl Ha AiiTai h b'l Hep^BHcsoifB OEpyri 6iiUH ot- 
KpUTU SOJIOTUfl p03CUnH, 06fl8aTej[LHEIH TpjAii iiacTepoBiix'B, a Ha 
Hep^HHCRHX'L BpOMUCJEaXl H CCUJIbHO-EaTOpSHUXX, 6UJ11> HpHM'l^HeVB 

H El ;to6iiBaHijK> soAOxa. 



UacxepoBHe. — CciuBHo'-saTopsHHe. — 7po^HHSH« — BosHarpasAeBie sa 
TpjA^.— npoAOBOJiLCTBie.— Oxesj^a.— ffiHiHiDia. 

Ao TpHwailix'B roAOFb HsiH'bmHiiro CTOjrbtifl sojioto vb Hep^HH- 
«soirb oEpyrb He Ao6uBajB[OCB ota'^jibho otb ApyrHxi HeTajuoBi, laEi 
saEi AByEpaTHHfl oTEpuria pyAHaro sojora (bb 1777 h 1825 rr.), 
BOjE^ACTBie 6iAH0CTH coAepsania APAroi(tHHaro MexaiJia ociaBJieHH 
tiujin 6631) o)5pa6oTSH, ho HiosoiBso AOCflTEOB'B nyAOBB ero 6hjio no- 
j^^eno BB XYHI b^eI h AByxB nepBuxi A^cHTHJiLlTiflXB XIX cto- 
^tU HonyTHO npn BunjiaBEt cepeCpa. Ci 1830 r., t. e. co Bpe- 
MOHH nepoAa^H Hop^bhcehx'b sanoAOBB BMtcTt cb AjrralScEHHH hsi 
B^AOHCTBa Ea6HHeTa (npH rjiaBHoiTB Ha64H)AeHiH Ha MicTb reHepaAi* 
ryfiepnaTopa Bocto^hoU ChGhph) wb BtAtaie HHHHCTepcTBa $HHaH- 
COBB HanajiHCB posucsaHiH pascunfloro sojioia, botopbue h yBta^a- 
JHOB ycnlxoMB, HO nepBUfl HafiAeHHUH poscuHH HirbiH BecBMa osyA- 
Hoe coAepsanie, Tasi ^to cb 1832 no 1838 r. bi oEpyrb fiiuo ao- 
6uT0 H8i» HflXi BOJioia Bcoro HeMHorHMi 6oiie AByxB nyAOBB. Ha- 
EOHeiii, »B 1838 r. 6ujlo OTEpnio 6ojrbe 6oraToe sojoto bi AOJunnt 
pisH Kapu, BHs^annieft bi* IIlHJtrsy, ^h cb Tbvh nop'B A06uqa ero 
yBejiH^HBaerca: vb 1845 r. ona AOCTnria yse 21 nyAa, vh 1849 r. 
noAHjuracB ao 25 nyAOBB. 3to npHBOJio eb p'j^meniK), no npeAJioseHiD 
renepaji'B-rydepHaTopa BocTO<iHofi Ch6hph MypaBBeBa yneHBUiHTB ao- 
twij cepe6pa h nanpaBHTB rjaBHiui ycHJiiH na Aofiuny aoxoia, cb 
TiiTB, ^o6ii CB 1850 r. eiKeroAHO Ao6uBaTB no 100 nyAOBi Jinra- 
Typnaro hjih 95 nyAOBB nciaro BOJiota. ycepAHaro, A&se cjehhieomb 
ycepAHaro HcnoxHBTeJifl gbohxi npeAnojiosoHiS MypaBBeBB namen 
BB ynpaBAflDn](6Mi KapificEHHH npOHHOiaifH PasrHJiBAieBi, Eoropufi 
BB 1852 r. CAtiaH'B 6ujn» ropnuiTB Hh^ajiBHHEOHB HepqHHCEHXB sa- 
BOAOFB (o&b ero ynpaBieniH nenajDCBHoS naMflin en. nnse). UepBtie 
roAH, oinaEO, He yAajiooB ao6htb npeAnojoseHHaro EOJieveoTBa bo- 
Jiora *). Ho vb 1853 r. 6HJia paaBiA^^Ha maxTaHHHCsaH posounB, 
EOTopafl MicraMH oGHapyanjia HefiuBajioe coAepacanie — ao 1 ^ynia 
Boiora BB 100 nyAaxi* necEy^ opeAnee se coAepsaHie bb Bfla^BTOJiB- 

HOfi ^aCTH paSBiAKH 61120 npHHflTO BB 5 3010THHE0BB. Bb 1853 K 

*) B% 1850 r. H8-B B&bTb poacHneft Hep<iHHCKaro ospyn 6fiuio noJiyveHO 
73 n. BoaoTa, b-b 1851 p,— hoith 68 n., Bt 1852 r.— 72 n. 



266 PyCCROB BOrATCTBO. 

MypaBBGBi CT» TopasecTBOH'L AOJioxvji'B rocy^apD, 9to Ha HepiHH- 

CKHXl KadHHeTCKHl'B BpOUUCiaXl 6}iIL0 A06UT0 tiOJiie 171 UJPfi, 80- 

JioTa *). Ho noAHflBBiHCB ji,o 8Toro Eom^ecTBa, j!io6uHa soJioTa ciaia 
fiHCTpo ua;^aTB **). 

Pa6oqie Ha RafiHHeroEHX'B 30iotmx'b npoHucjiax'B Hep^Hcsaro 
OEpyra, EaKi> h na TaifomHHX'B saBOAaxi, cooTOflJUH ezi> jifijvb rjiaa- 

BUX^ COOTaBHUX'b 8JieMeHT0B'B: tfaCTepOBUX'B H COHJEBHO-RaTOpaULfiTXIb. 

K)pHAHqeoKoe noJiosoHie hop^hhckhx'b MacTepoBUXi Giuo coBepinanHo 
Tasoe 3Ke, Kasi h ajtxaMcKHX'B: to^ho TaEse ohh 6ujin noAuaeHH 

CypOBOft ]UELCHETlJLEJBAy TO^HO TaSSO EXb EOHTBHreHTB nonoifljucfl Ha- 

6opoM'B peEpyrL Hdi EpeciBflHi, npflnHcasHHX'b ei HioxHuifB rop- 
uuwb saBOAaiTB (ao lixii nopi, noEa 8th EpecTBflfle He 6ujLa ocbo- 
(30SA6HH vb 1851 r. OTB saBo^CEHXi pafioTb h o6pan^6Hu Bi EasaEH), 
a laEse aItbmh HacxepoBiiX'B, EOTopua aojishh 6ujih naojuiAOBaTB 

BpO^eCCiX) CBOHXX 0X11,081. CUHOBBII pafiO^HXl H31> CCiUTBHUXl TaESB 

DOCTynaJKH no AOCTHaseHiH HaAiesan^HXi jcbrb b% saeoACEie Maore* 
poBse. 

MacxepoBue wotbd 6£ijih nepecejieHH oi saBOAOBi na soxoth^^ 
npoHucjia, ^acTiiD xoahjih Ha jrbTHifl pa6oT£i Ha 'npiacEH, a na SHiiy 
onflTB BosBpamaJiBOB Ha saBOW. «Boi[ie a^chth i[lTi»», ao oobo6os- 
Aosifl Hep^flHCEHX'B ropHOsaBOACKHXi CJitysHTeiefi Bi 1861 r., roBo- 
parb OAHHii HloTHufi Ha6iK)AaTejiB, coBopmaioa ofiadaxexBHuft nepe- 
roHB JLiojifiA coxHflMH, Bi BH^i «pa6o9efi E0HaHAU>, no npoMucjcaiTB 
H Ha SHHOBEy AOMoi. nodxoHy jyqndH pa6o^ chiu coBepmoHHO 
oxBSEJH 0Tb ociAJiocxH H AOHoxo3flfloxBa. KaEi Ha rJiaBHifimyiQ npH* 
^HHy pascxpodcxBa xosflfioxBa cceHeftHiixii cji7SHX6Jiei», OsepoEifi^ 
B-b AOHecesiH MypasbOBy,. ysasBiBaii'B na qacxuH nepeABBsemfl pa- 
6oqe& EOMaH^u ci Eaps bi maxxaiffy, na aaBOAU h o6paxHo. He 
jty^oie 6ujL0 nojiroxenie h xix'b MacxepoBUxi, Eoxopuxi nepeceiflJiH 
CB saBOAOBi Ha soxoxue npoioicjia, xiH'L 6ojrbe, ^xo npn dxoiii, bi» 
6oJirBmHHoxBi cjiyqaeBB, ceMefiHuxi» pasjoiy^ajiH ctb hxb ceicBflMH. 0^^ 
^^Hi^iajTBHaa soHHHccifl^ HasHa^eHHafl ji,JLB HaojiiAOBaHiH pyAHHE0B7> 
H npiHCEOBB Hep^HHOEaro OEpyra vb nepsoft hoiobhhI SO-X'b ro- 
;^oBii, B% cBoeMB saEJW^eHiH roBopHxi: «ycHJieHHoe A'&ftcxBie soxo- 
Tuxi npoMucjioBB, xpe0yfi nepeABHsenifl pado^HX^ hsii uioxi apex- 
Hflro, nocxoflHHaro hxi xHxoJiBCTBa na cepe6po-oBHHi];oBiiX'B pyahh- 
saxi H wb saBOAaxB njtaBHiBHUXU), pascxpoHBaio hxi xoaattcxBO h 
BpeAHJ[0 ceHefiHHMi oxHomemHirB. Hsi 1300 pa6oqHxi, oepeBeAen- 
Huxi Ha soioxBie npoMuoia ao 1853 r., moAhKo 560 nepetuAU Cb^ 
ceMeucmeaMu, a 740 ocxaBBJiH hxt> na npexfleHi Bitcxi xHxejiBOXBa>. 
Ho cjiOBaMi* xofl xe eommhocIh, cEoiianAa najiafl, SAopoBaa o6ueho- 



*) CpeAHee ooAepsaHie soJiOTa eo eeeMh otcpym Tasse AOCTHrao b % vroin 
voKY M&KCHiiaJibHoft i^H(|)pH - 2 BOS. 36 A- &!» 100 nyAazi necsy. 

**) 8% 1854 F. ouHzoBoro aojiOTa 6£Uio nojiyqeHo 142 n., vb 1855 p. — 
98 n., B-b 1856—60 rr. AoCuva ero KOje(>aaacb Mex^y 60 h 70 nyAanH. 



H31 HCTOPIH 0Bfl3ATBJIbHAr0 rOPHAFO TPFj!^. 267 

* 

BeHHo nepeBO^HiacB na soxoTiie npomicjia h ociaBajraeB TairB ao 
T^xi nopi, noKa otb 6ojd^8HH hjoi HsnypeBiii He A^ajiacB Majoono- 
co6hod isTb npoMHoioBUM'B pafioTaM'B^ n Kb STOicB BHAi ofipan^ajiaoB 

CHOBa Kb Cepe6pO CBHHI^OBOMy npOH3BOACTBf ». CHfiBpCKifi ROMBTeTB Blk 

Biicoqatme OAo6peHHOM'B noxoseHiH 3 ^espajifl 1859 r. cBHAixejiB- 
GTByeTB, ^TO inoxoxeHie paOo^Hxi HepqHHCEHii> saBOAOB'b bi» npes- 
Hee BpeMH 6hjio HecpaBHeHHo jiyqme HUHimsaro. PascipoficTBO hxi. 
coeroBHifl H HpaBCTBeHHfiii exx yna^osi HaqajoEHCB ci xoro BpeHeHH, 
Korffa 6ujiL'L ycHieHHo pasBHTB bi Hop^hhcrbxi BaBO^axx sojioto^ 
npoMHceii. nocHJiRa pa6oux'b Ha npoHucjia, yAajseaie hxi otb am- 
am.'b H ocTaBieHie n%i> bii npoAOJiseHie AOJiraro BpeMenH 6e3i> ao- 
CTaTO^naro npHsptHifl h Aase Ha6jiDA6Hifl ho mosotb ho pascTpoHTB 
Hxi cocTOflHia Boo6nie>. HKaOHHerB bx 8T0 Bpeirfl npHSHaBajix ue- 
pecejieaie ceMefiHuxi pa6oqflxi Ha OTAajOHHue soiroTue npoMHCjia 

ASH HEXlk €pa30pHTeiBHHMl». Bl E3B'faCTH0fl IliCHt A'^HBiflXl PaS-^ 

THJiBAieBa na Kapt bi 1850 r. cRasano: 

„£[ ch secHu Toro se JiiTa 

Ha^ajicA noxoA'B. 
Co BC'i^X'b pyXHHKOB'b, sasoAOBi 
Kasi Ha TypiuH) noxoAU 

napxlKMH nuH. 
Hsi IleTpoBCsaro saBO^a 
npHmjo pasHaro sapoAa 

COT'S naTB qeioBisi. 
C'b KyroMapu, cb AsaTya, 
JIhidb &kAY 3Ty no^ya, 

Meoro pa36irj[0CB. 
Ci Ajiraneft, Kjih^kh, Jty^apy 
IIhjeh Ty ate ropBay lapy— 

Bet mis Ha Kapy, 
Gi BiaroAaTcaaro h ropHofi— 
TsLWh HapoA'B BJacTH noaopHHd— 

IljaaajiH j^a miii. 
OnycTiiJii sasojii'b Hep?HHCRift 
E npoHUcai'b KyiTXHQHCKift,— 

HapoA'B 6HJ'b Bt Kapfe" ♦), 

XpyrHMi cocTaBHHMi 8JreMeflT0M'i> pa6oqBxx na Hep^HHCEnxx 30^ 
jEOTHxi npoMuoiaxx 6ujiH ccujEBHo-aaTopsHue. reHepaxi-ry66pHa- 
Topi BooTO^HOfi Ch6hph, MypaBLOBi, bi saaHcai (1849 r.) npeA- 
OTaBJteHHolt rocyAapi), oGoya^Aaa Bonpoci o6i> ynnqTOseHiH HeBuroA- 
Haro cepe6po-njiaBHabHaro npoHSBOACTBa, eseroAHue ao^^bi^htu ko- 
Toparo BX 8T0 BpoMfl oraaa nospuBaTB aaniB Ao6uqa sojiora, roBO- 
Petb: cKyAa ace A^aaTB KaTopsaHxi*, ecu pa6oTy 8Ty npeapaTHTB? 



*) <Bj[aAHBO0TOR'b» 189dr. Jfid7. (MtcTami mh HciipaBJiiiejr& no pyxonHCH, 
coo6ii;eaHofi HaM'b JI. 9. HaBTejiteBUifB). Ki 1 aeBapfl 1859 r. na HepuHH- 
csHxii soaoTiiix'B npoMucjiaz'b 6bijio yqeHHKOB'b pasHuxi nacTepcTBii 26, nacTe- 
pOBii H noAMacTet^BOB'b 56, caysHTeaefi 1674, noApocTKOB'b, ynOTpe6jiaB]iiHZC4 
B% pa60TU, 149. 



268 F7CGK0B BOrATCIfiO. 

« 

Ha dTOTii crapHHHHft BOiipooi fl HHtD xenepb opaBo oTBi^aTB, qxo 
Bctxi EaTopsHuxi jsfiJixRo o6paTHTb E'B Ao6£iBaHix) 80JioTa'Bi> Hep- 
UHCKOHi OEpyri». 

HysHO 3aMtT£TB, Bapo^em, qTO b-l nosAHiftmeft sanHCKi TOro se 
Tojifi, MypaBbeBi* npoAJiarajii'L ho tojibko B&bvb ccujiBHO-RaTopsHUX'b, 
HO H Bcbxi BaBOACKHX'B pa6oux'B, saHflTUX'B HeBuroAHuifB cepe6po- 

EiaBHJDbHUHl UpOHSBOj^CTBOtf'b, 06paTBTb Ha Jl,06hmj BOlOTa HSl* 80- 

>iOTBiXT» iipoMEicjiOB'L Hep^HHCsaro OKpyra. Bi> 1850 r. hmii. HHKOiaft 
noBOJiijrB, jf^ia pascMoip'bHiH upeAnoj[OseHi& MypaBbOBa o HepqHH- 
iSKsiTb saBOAaxi (b^ qHOJii bthxi npeAcrojioseHiSi 6iuo n o6paiiieflie 
npHnHCHuxi E'B saBOAam EpeciBflH'L bt> Eaaasn), yqpe^HTb oco6utt 
EoirHTerB, bi cocTaBT> EOTOparo bxoahjih cj['bAyB>n4fl lai^a: eh. Boj[- 
soHCEifl, EH. A. ^epHBimeB-b, rp. Bjiy^OBi, rp. BponqeHso h My- 
pasBeBi). Bt> ^OBpait 1851 r. MypaBBOBi npeACTaBHJ[i> npoesrE 
nojioseHui o6i ynpaBJiemH HepqHHcsHMH ropHuiiH npoMuciaMH, bi 
EOTopoiTL 3aEjiK)?aj[HCB H npaBHxa TiopeirEo-EasapHeHHOMii noMi- 
n^enifl js,Jia. ccujiBEO-EaTopsHuxx. IIpeAQOJioseHio ero o&l oSpan^eHia 
Bcbxi EaxopsHEix'L Ha pa6oTH Ha soiothxi npoMHOiax^ BusBajio 
coMHinie wb qjienaxi* oco6aro EOMHTOTa, Tasi EaET> oho «TicHO cbh- 
aano cb ochobhbimh naqajiaHH Hamero yrojiOBHaro 8aE0H0AaT6jiBCTBa». 
no HHiniK) r;iiaBHoynpaBj[flDii^aro Il-ro OTAtieaifl £. B. KaHi^ejiapiH, 
eeiH CyAOTB npHSHano HysnuMi nsM'bHHTB hjih aohozhhtb A'^ficTBy- 
DHUfl nocTaH(»jieHi£ o cctuKi na saTopry BciiACTBie yHefiBmemfl 
pa6orB B-B pyAHBsaxi h pacmBpeHia npoMHCJiOBUX'B pa6orB, to oit- 
AOBaio 6u flCHo n noApoSao onpe^'i^iBTB: a) EaKHtfH pafioraiiH hjih 
EaEHM'B hhuhi» po^oifB HasadaHiH npeAQOAaraeTCH saMlEHiB pafioTH 
Bi pyAHHsaxi, cocTaBJiflioiuifl no HamHMi» sasoHaM'L BHcaiifl poA'B 
yrojiOBHKxi HaEasanift, 6) HoryrB jlh a^a btofo 6iiITB HasHaqenu pa- 
boTu Ha soiioTBix'L HpoMHc^naxi; b) saEOMy HaASopy 6yAyrB noABopr- 
Hyiu EaxopsHLie na arBxi* pafioTaxii; r) cAocxaToqau jih ont, uo 
cBoScTBy cBoeHy, Eas^ jj^jlo. tofo, qTo6Bi caacBTeiBHiiiM^ ysacoin* cero 
BHcmaro yrojoBaaro HaEasaHifl yAOpSHBaTB juoAefi otb npecTyojieflifit 
taEi> fl Aifl BaHfliiH ocysAedHuxii bi> Toqenie Bcero roAa> h iho 
yMHosaTCfl JIH OTB cero cjiyqan ei no6tratfi n He orb oCpan^enia jih 
KaTopsHHXi Ha 30JioTue npoiruoiH (qio no p,McTB^jomjiiwb Hbint sa- 
E0HaH7» He 6£iio AOnyn^eno) CHumaemdH menept e^ 6rh%axb do deyxh 
VMACHM^ KamopoKWAXh^ m.-e. nonmu fiOAoeuna eceio hucjm tixby h ho 
oyAOTb JIH BpeAHuxi OTB Toro noGJtiAGTBifl A^fl caiiaro o6n^ecTBeHHaro 
cnoEoficTBifl H 6e8onaoHOGTH». 

MypaBbeBX Ha 8to oTB^qaJii, qro €paffomu na soAomux^ npi- 
ucKoxh ne moAhKO coomenmcmeyiofm no mstxcecmu ceoei paOomoMh 
sh pydnuKaxh, ho daoice 6oMbe msoicKu h, cJBrbAOBaTejn»HO, hmh Moserb 
6uTb TaEx se hjih h jiyqme AOCTHrHyra i^tJiB yrojioBHaro saEona, 
EaE'b pa6oTauH B'b pyAHHsax'b>. PaGoxu 8th npoAOJsaDTca na npi- 
HCEaxi HenpepuBHO h bx leqeHie Bceft aniiu, HaA8opi sa Eaxops- 
huhh Ha aojiOTux'B npoMucjiaxi ropasAO yAofinie; nasonei^'B, ffbrb 



HffB HCTOPIH OBflBATMBHArO rOPHATO TPy;^.. 269 

B03M03KHOOTH 7nOTpe6jIiST£> BT> noj^eVENTfl pa60TH BCiVb, CCBUraOHUX'B 

in> pyj^HHKH Hep^HECKaro ORpyra, bcjAjs^gtbie htb HHoroqHoieHHOOTH^ 

Ocofiuft EOMBTOT^ BOSJIOSHJI'B Ha MypaBLOBa 06fl8aHH0CTB yAOCTOBi- 

pETLCfl, Ha ocHOBaHiH vHtHifl XHi^, ynpaBJUflBmEX'B ropnuMH saBO- 
AaHH E 30J[OTUirE npiECK&MH, wb Kasoft crenesE pa6oTBi vb py^EE- 
Kaxi HoryrB 6bitb saMtfleEU jihb saTopsEHxi pa6oTaufl Ea npo- 
Kucjrax'B, E, ecn TaRaa saMisa oKaseTca bo3uo»hoi), cocTaBSTK 
noApo6Hiifi npooRTL, coo6pa3yECB ci AonojEETeiBEUHE noGTasoBJOEe- 
EiflME^ BHCo^afime yrBopsAeEEHME 15 asrycTa 1845 r. rocy^apB 
eorjracEJicfl cb MEiEieiTB ROMEreTa 27 anpiura 1851 r. 
f 0;(EaRO Bonpocii stotb Ee 6ujix paspimeTB en^e e vb 1858 r. 
Uoojit Toro, RaR*B Hep^EECRie npoiiucjia BM'bcTt cb sasoAavE iusm 
nepeAaEH vh 1855 r. ohetb bb B^A'i^Eie Ka6EEeTa, nociiAHifi Ea- 
men EeBuroAEUiTB npEEETB sa cetifl B&k pacxo^H no coAepacaniHx 

OOiUBEO-RaTOpSEilXB E C^ETaJTB p606X0AEMUIfB, <Tro6E[ pacxoAU 

Ha coAepsaEie ccujBsO'KaropsEiiix'B naAara Ha CKerb KadHEera E. B. 

TOJIBRO B'B Mtp% A^SCTBETeiBHoS UOJIBdiJ, Tpj^OMB EXX TOpHOMy EpO- 
lfllCJ[y npEHOCHMOft, TaRl RHRX KOMETOTB EpEDieJI'B Kb j6iaiJ[fiBiViy 

vro Ee MacTepoBue sep^EEcsie bb tefoctb saBOAairB, so cc£ija»HO- 
saTopsEHe, TpyAi KOTopuxB HO HeECRycCTBy, senpEBsqRi e sepa- 
jifimt) HXi Kb TexHH^ecRHM'B saHflTifliTB, a maKoice no mpe6omuiHM^^ 
saKOHOMh ycmanoeAeHHUMh eh omnotueHiu offpatmniji Ch npecmynnu- 
KaMUj se ifoseTB cpaBEHTBoa (tb pa6oTOK) nepBUX'B> *). MypaBBOBBi 
BB sanECRt 1859 r. npeAJiaraji'B nonpexseMy ynoTpefiiETB ccuibso- 
RaTopsREuxii Ea saBOAaxB, pyAEHRaxx e soxotbixb npoioicjiaxi, Ea 
EBBflTB EXB EB^B BaBo^cRaro BiAOMCTBa E Eepe^aTB BB HenocpeAOTBeH- 
soe Bi^Ai^sie HicTHaro ofijiacTHoro sa^ajrBCTBa, npeAocTaBSBi eiry 
npaBO Eassa^aiB Ea pafioxii bb Hep^EECRoafB ORpyrb e npeuny^ 
mecmeeuHo na aoAomue npoMucAa. Baocjs'bACTBiE, yse npE reHe- 
paiB-ryCepEaTopb KopcaROBi, bb mecTEAecETUxi roAaxi, ccujubeo^ 
UTopacHHe 6HJIS cocpeAOTO^esH Ea KapiftcREX'B bojiotux'b npoMBroiaxi^ 
E coAepsasie exb oTfleceEO Ha cqeTB RasEH, sa EOEJHO^eHien'B toS 
cyMHH, RaRyi) obe mofjie sapaGoTaTB sa cqerB Ka6EEeTa E. B. **). 



*) 3th cAOBa noATBepsA&R>Ti> CBUjffbreshCTBo MypaBBesa, vto npoKUC2(H 
Bhui paGoTu 6ujiH Tflsejiibe o6uvBaro Tpy^a ccuJiBHC-KaTOpsniiix'B. 

**) B'B 1 flHBapa 1859 r. na boiotuxii npouucjiax'b Hep^HHCsaro ospyra 
6hjo ccujiLBHX'b 2059 veo. (cjribAOBaTeaLBO, 6021^6, vtaii HacTepoBUxi) h 
«ecuibBUX'B seHOKi>> 146. Bc^xi pa60THJiK0B%, 668% pasJiHqifl BBaaifl, &% 
1 BHBapa 1859 r. na HepqHucRax'B bojiotuxi npoMucJiax'B 6ii;io 4110 veaoB., 
vh Toifb VHCJit noJiHocHJiBHux'b 3651, cjD[a6ocHJiBHKX'b 459. Bcero eacejieHifl 

BOJIOTHX'B npOMUCJIUB'b Bl 8T0 BpeMfl VHCJIHJIOCL 6037 ^62., B'B TOlfB VHCnt TSf^ 

maro n'ROBHaro Kaaa^Baro BOflcKa 709 veJL, ypjiABBROB'B 65, 6ora;('6;iBfl^nROB'B 
36, MaaosiTHHX'B HaxBqBSOB'B 936- ^HCio paGoqnx'B, «8aA0JisaBinBxcfl no pas- 
eqeTy Ha oaeh'b a^hb*, t.^ e. $hbthbhux'b toaobbix'b pa6o<iHX'B, 6uJio B'B 
1842 r.— 718, bi 1844 p.— 1413, b* 1845 r.— 1297, b* 1847 r.— 1623, b-b 
1849 r.— 1496, B'B 1851 p.— 3236* IIo APJi'Oiiy HCTOiiHHsy, bb 1850 r.^cqaTajiocB 
4560 POAOBHxi pa^oHHZB. 



270 PyCCKOB BOriTCTBO. 

Pa6oTU Ha Hep^vHCKHX'B, RaR% h Ha AjTraSoKHXi, sojeotux'b npo 
loacjraxi npoE3BOAHJiflGB shhod h jtItou'b, paeiipe;^JifliicB TaKHMi 
o6pa3oui. Ci Ha^ajia bochu, wb Mai Htcai^, nperoroBiflJiH hhofo 
iiecKy, noTOMy qio ct ifaa ;^o hojuobehh idhh HjyrB jiflmjui h bo;jh 
Aifl npouuBRH AocTaTouo. SartH'B ao EOHi^a iiojui hjb na^ajia aBrycTa 
tiuBajna coBepmeHHaa sacyxa, ne j^aBaBmafl bosmojbhocth saHHiiaTBCfl 
npoMUBROH) soAOTa, He»;^y rbiTB RaRi oti chibhsi'l sapOBi sohjui 
Wb 8T0 BpeMfl coBepmeHHo paGTaHBaen, h TaRBM'B o6pa3oii'B xerRO 
AofiHBaTB necRH. Ci aBrycra CHOsa HacxyaaDTB aosah, h BCJiiincTBie 
BToro npoHUBRa soiora hosbtb npoAOisaibOfl ]s,bxq bi oeHTflept, 
OTJiH^ann^eHCfl hchok) h cyxox) noro;^OK). He cKOTpa Ha nacTyaanmie 
vb oRiaCpi xOJIo;^a, no^Ba ^o A©Ka6pfl BaMepaaert tojbro oBepxy, h 
8T0 BpeMfl MoserB 6uTb ynorpeejeHo jiflsi npHroTOBiefiifl necRy, vb 

CHJIBHfiie 3Re MOpOSS 3HM0K) AOfiUBaJICfl TOJBRO TOp^'B; Bl> Mapit H 

anptai, RpOMi jipowb npH chat^e Topjia h ot^cth necROBii, paso- 
rptBaHlK) seMJiH coAtficTBOBajo yse h cojiHi^e. 

Ha AjLTaficRBX'b RaseHEBixi* npoM£icj[axT> crb 1840 r. eiajra bbo- 

AHTb TpexcMtHHUfl pa6oTii (opH ROTopuxii MacTepoBoft ABt HeAtiH 

pa^oTajn, a TperBK) OT^HxajifB hjih TpyAHJica na orapaTejiBGKHX'b pa- 

6oTaxi), fl Bi* Haqaji[t 50-xi> ro^OBi TaRaa pa6oTa na AjiTaScRHXi 

npoMBicjiax'B 6ujLdk yse o6mHMi> npaBHioMi). MypaBbeB-B vb aHBapt 

1851 r., BO BpeMfl ijpe6iiiBaHifl CBoero bi nerepfiyprfc, npHRasajii 

PaarHJiBA'beBy, ynpasiiflioiueMy HepqHHCRHMH boiotumh npoMucjiaMH, 

no npitsAt na npoiiucjia, BHHMaTejiBHO pascMOxptTB, RaRaa h3i pa- 

fioTB 6oj[ie nojieBHa jiflo. BuroAi> npaBHiejiBCTBa, AByxcMtHHBfi (Ror^a 

pa6o^ie pa6oTaiOTB nocTOflHHO bt> ]i,wk cm^hh jsfiBWb hue ho^bid) hah 

TpexcHtHHafl, soFAa nocjit AByxi paCoqHxi HOAtjiB ohh nMiK)Tb o^Hy 

HeAtJiD OTABixa. BosBpaTflCB HBi IleTepfiypra na KapificRie npoMUOxa, 

PasrHjTBA'beB'B Hamejii, qio pa6o?afl ROMaHAa bo BpeMfl shmu 1850 — 

61 rr. CBJIBHO yMeHBmfljiacB otb anBAeMiH TB^a (cm HH»e), h noTOMy, 

^ro6u HaBepcTaTB HeAOcraTORi pa6o^BX'B pyRT*, BMicro TpexcMbHHOii 

pa6oTii, ROTopafl, i^aRX mu yBBABMi HH»e, Gfiijua BseAena bi> bba^ 

onuTa B'B 1850 r., npERaaajii bbccth AByxcMtHflyi). JifiEOOH, 06^ 

BTOMi MypaBbesy (bx aap'bji'b 1851 r.), FasrHiBA'^eBb nacajn, ^to 

<npH o6xflBJieBiB SToro pacnopflseflifl EOMaHAa npBHflia ero 6e8'B Ma- 

jilfimaro ponoTa. Xota ocjia6jieHflue B'B qncjieHHocTu pyRT*, npn AByx- 

GMtHHofi pa6oTb soioTue npoMucia OyAyrb en^e aobojibho chibhu... 

a npB TpexoMtHBOfi pa6oTi, rAt oAsa xpeTB ROManABi no«TOflHEo 

AOj»Ha 6htb Bi OTryj*, aiTB cpeAciBb BApyn noCopoTt pyAHH^Hoe 

h $a6pB»iHoe ji'kjLOy (i.-e. AoGuqy h npoMMBRy necEOBi), BMtcri cb 

TfeMi* PaarHJibAieB'B coodmBjH, MypaBBeBy, ito na npeAcraBiieHie ero 

HepqBHCROtfy ropHOMy npaBJieniK) o HeAocraTRt pa6oiBX^ sa npo- 

MUCJiaXT), OHO OTB'bqajio, qTo Bl BaBOAaX'B H pyAHHRaxb H'It'B jihoi- 

HHX^ jBDAett. Hepeai ABa roAa, B^ iiOHt 1853 r., npeAciAaToJiBCTBy- 

Boniift Bi coB'i^Ti rjiaBBaro yopaBJieHiii Bocto^boS Cb6bph, reHepajii>' 

Maiopi» BeHi^exB, o6paTBj[Ofl ri PadrHJOEBAtesy, ROiopKLft b^ bio BpeMfl 



HB'B HCTOPIH OBflSATBIbHAFO rOPHATO TPy^A. 271 

yse EcnpaBJifljix fl^osxEOiSTh ropnaro HaiajBHHRa Hep^HHCKHX'B saBO- 
MPVh^ ci sanpocoiii OTHOCHTeJtbHO js^jTb- H TpexcMisHuxi pa6oirb. 
YKasaBi Ha to, hto, vb AOHeceHie MypasBeay 1851 r., PasrHJB;^- 
evh He npeAQTaBHn no btouj Bonpocy ipiniHTejiLHaro 3aKJ[K)qeHiH» 
H vro Bi Te^eHie AByxi lirb ohi> mvfkjrb bosmoshoctb sunojiHHTB 
npeAJfosenie MypasBOBa, Beai^eAB npoAOJiasaexii, ^to, ocjihGbi cgjiaro- 
;^TejiBHoe» pacnopflsenie MypaBBOBa, ocHOBanHoe na 1620 fi oTaTBi 
ropnaro ycTasa *), no EaKHHi 6u to hh 6ujio npeqaHaMi ho 6ujio 
npBBeAOHo Wb HcnojiHeHie, to ohi, ci> CBoeft ciopoHU, nojiarai'B 6bi 
HOCTeneHHO bboahtb TpexcMiEHUfl pafioTu. PasrBJOfBAteB'B na bto 
^>TBlnaii»: 1) TpexcM'lHHafl pafioTa na sojotuxi* npouucjiaxi fisura 
BBeAona bx 1850 r. bi* bha'1^ onuTa, ho, BCJutAciBie Heo6xoAHMocTH 
hhItb 6oj[Bmee ^hcjo pyRi bo apeiifl itTa, nafiAOHa HeyA06H0K). 
2) npH OTnycEi JiioAefi bi «OTryn» BCxp'b^eHBi 6ojiBmifl saTpyAHeHiH 
vb pascqoTaxi h noBipsi soMaHABf. 3) Ilo cuucjiy saRona, KaTops- 
Hue, HeoAofipHTeJUBBaro noBeAeaifl h 6e8npecTaHHo A'^^Bmie no6trH, 

He A0JI2RHU nOAB30BaTBCa TpeXCMtHHOK) paboTOK). Ho ^T06U HCnOJUHHTB 

BOJLJD resepai-B-ryeepBaTopa MypaBBeBa, ptmeao TenepB AonycTHTB 
Ha doJiOTUx'B npoMHcjiaxi yqpesA6Hie fseiiJiflHUxi ypoqflHEOB'B> hsi* 
jn>AeS xopomaro noBeAeaifl h ceHenHux'B. Ohh padoiatoTi na cbobxi 
jEomaAflXT* H npH noMon^a pa60THHR0B'B tojibro bo apeiifl JitTa h 
CAaDTii BasBaqeanufi hbtb roAOBOft ypoRi, a sbmoh) coBepmeaao cbo- 
<SoAHu; ocraJBaaa se 6e3A0MHaa ROHaHAa ynoTpe6jiaeTC£ na bojio- 
TUTb npouHCJiaxi irb AayxcM'i^HHBifl paCoxu, ^to npaaaaeTCfl ceojuie 
7Ao6humi h m)ji[e8HBiMi>». TaRHHi o6pa30tfi bi bto apeMH na Hep- 

qHHGRaX'B BOIOTKIXI npOHUCJiaXl Cyn^eCTBOSaJlH hie AByXCMtHHUH 

pa6oTii, BJiH pa6oTU ypoMHHROB'B, HOy noBHAHMOHy, no3AH'be pacnpo- 
crpaHBJiacB h pa6oTH TpexcHiHHBUi. 

ypo^HHRH Ha AjiTaficEHX'B saBOAaxi saHHMaiHCB nepeaosROB) Apoai, 
fipeaeHX, pyA^? RaMneM, H8r0T0BJieHieMT> Rapnaqa, nocTaasoK) aofth, 
CMOJiH H clipu. Obh, RaRi H ocTaiBBue MacTepoBue, nojibaoaajiBCB 

JIBrOTOD OTB nOAaTOH H rOCyAapCTBBHHUX'B nOBBBHOCreft, HO, KBR'B 

OHH se, 6UJLZ noAq^BHOHBi BoeHHOHy cyAy. ^aioBaaBH h npoaiaaTa 
EWb He mjio, HO, no BiinojiHeHiH ypona hjth no qacTflMi>, ohh nojiy- 
^ajTH saA'i^BHyi) njiaTy. HcnoiaHamn nojiosenaoe, ypo^HBRi ocbo6o- 
acAajicfl otb bchrhx'B pa6orB ao cjiiAyK)niaro roAa. Ha Ajxat TaRBX'B 
ypoqHBKOB'B M£i HO BCTptqaetf'B Ha sojioTux'B HpoMBicjiax'B, Ha Hep- 
qflHCRHX'B »e npoMUCJuaxi, RaRi hu BBAtia h3b tojebro ^to npHBo- 
Aennaro AOHeceaia PasrajiBAieaa (1853 r.) ahh o6jierqeal£ vacrepo- 
Buxi xopomaro noBeAeflifl h ceiieflaux'B, bhi AOdaojueao 6iuo nepe- 
xoahtb bi> ypoqBHRH, npH ^ewb hxi noji02KeHie sAtcB nicROJiBRO hhoo, 



*) c HisHie qHHH H paGovie, HasHatieHHHe ei> paGoTaiTB ropHBiicB vb pyx- 
HHsaz'B H njiaBBJieBHuiii> wb saBOAax'b, npoAojosaiorb ohhji j^si hoa'^jir cpaAy, 
ae HCKJiH)«iaa BOcspecHurb h npasAHaqHiiirb Aseft, a Ha TpeTBio HOAtJiio orb 
BCJiKHZ'b pa6oT% ocBo6osAftH>TCfl> Cb. 3aK. H8A. 1842 r., t. VII. 



272 PyCCROB BOrATCTBO. 

^4in> FB Alia*. Botb tpo cooCmaerB o hhxi npoi. BorojHD6cKift 
Bi cBoeiTB onHcaniH maxiaHnHCKHXTi sojiotux-b npoHucjoBi. IIo era 

CJIOBaifL, B'B ypoqHHKH BUnyCKaJIHGB, H31> CeMeflBUXl H EM'InmHX'B 

xo3flftcTBO iDAefi, iipeHHyn^ecTBeHHo aosoko acBByii^ie otb npoifucjioBi. 
Ohh o6fl3HBajiHCB paspaSoTaxB jh^toitb posciiiiB h budojibhtb ypoKi 
B'B 50 Ry6. cas. cb otbosrok) Top^a na cbohxi lomaAflxi na if&CTa 
OTBaiOBi), ary Bupa6oTRy cTapaTOJiBHHft ypo^HHEi ci o;i;&hm'b pa6oT- 
HHROifi H AByMfl JEomaABMH MOFB HcnojirHHTB Bi TO^eHie AByxi HiftCfl- 
i^eBi>, H saitifB Ha Bce ocrajTBHoe Bpenfl ro^a owb ocTaBajicfl cbo6oa- 
HHiTB, nojoEy^aii otb Ba3HBi coAepsasie A^HBraMH n xji'b6oMx Ha cefis 
E oBoe oexeficTBO *). Ha AjoiTat ypo^HHKH He HOJiy^ajiH sasoBaHLfi 

H npOBiaHTa, ho Sa to Hep^HHCEHE'L ypO^HHRaiTB He npOBSBOAHiroCB 

3aA'i^BHofi: niaTH sa HcnojiHeme ypoEa. 3a BCEpuTufi nep^HHCEHHE 
f EaseHHUHB seMiHEUUH ypo^HHKaMHi Top^x ceepxh ypoKa ohh nojiy- 
TOJTH, no Epaflneft Hlpi bi EOHi^i 50-xi ro;ioB'B, saAtuBHyn luaTy 
HapaBHi CL BOJiBHOHaetfHBiMH, a HMeHHo no 1 py6. 50 k. sa Ry6. 
caxeHB Top({>a, cb iiajieHBEBirB BmeTOMi sa HHCTpyMeHiu. 

Ha Hep'iEHCRHX'B npouscjrax'B 6kjih en^e noJioBHHHue ypo^HHRH: 
TaRi HasuBaiHCB iK)AH, HaxoAHBmiecfl B'B ycjiyseHiH y HicTHMx-B 
cJiyasamnx-B (cMOTpHiejieft, ypflAHHROB'B, yoxaBmHROB-B, ^Hc^oB'L, miefi- 
repoBi, ynxep'B-mTefirepoB'B, no^MacTepoBi, jrhEapcRHxi yqeHHROBi)), 
ROTopue o6fl3aHEi 6iuH CAaTB sa sthx'b, HaxoxfliUHXCH y hhxi bs 
OTHyoBy JLfOjifit, nojioBHHHufi ypoRi. OsepcRifi upeAiarajorB bi 1852 r. 
npHHHTB sa npaBHxo ne yBoiBEHTB na oaho ihi^o fioiie oahofo hojio- 
BHHHaro ypo^HHsa. 

Pa6oTEi npoHSBOAHJiHCB Ha Hep^HHCRHxi npouHCJirarB h jijLewb, h 
HO^D. Ha inaxTaMHHGRHX'B npoMUCJiax'B (a BipoaTHo h na ApyrHxi>) 
duejm pafioTaiH ccfiiJiBHo-saTopsHue, coAepxaBmieca B'B TiopBMt h 
OEOBaxi, H ^acTBD ccujBHue, a HOHhio saeodcme CAyoicumeAU h ^acTBD 
ccujBHHe, yBOJiOHHtie sa xopomee noBOAeHie orb coAepsaHia bi 
TiopBui. Ha HO<rB npoiiKBaTejiBHUfl MamHHu ocBin^ajiHCB ^HapHKH, 
a paapisBi poscBinefl — nNJiann^HMH KOcrpaMH. Bhi^'b oraeft HoqBio e 
RHnyqafl A^TeiBHocTB pado^Hxi. npeAcraBJifljiH EHrepecHyK) RapTHHy, 
HO HejiBSfl He OTMiTHTB Ty aHoiiajiiD, ^TO MacTepoB^e iqecTHaro HHeHBY 
HOQOJiHHJiH pa6oTa so^BH), HTO KOHeqHo Tflsejrbe, a ccujiBHO-RaTops- 
Hue pafioiaiH ahohi **). 

Bi HaqaJii 50-X'b roA- BCRpHTie Top^OB'B npoESBOAHiooB shmok) 
nps HcsycoTBeHaoMB OTTaeBaHiH hxi apobbmh, ho ara pa6oTa ORa- 
saiacB HOBuroAHoK. Bo BpeMfl npefiuBaHia na Kapi OsepcRaro (sn- 
KOK) 1852 — 53 rr.) Top^'B yfiHpaiofl pa6oqEMfl na HocHjRax'B, jiiTOM*B 
se HacTuaiHOB A^porfl, no ROTopuHi ero OTRaTKBaAE bi> la^Rax'B. 
H OTB03EJIH Ha TapikTaftRaxi. OsepcRifi c^HiajTB Heo6xoAHHUHi yno- 



*) „3ain[CRH Ch6hp. OTA&ia' Feorp. 06m.*' 1856 r. kh. U. 
**) B'B KOHL^t 50-z'B vofifiB'b MacTepoBue Ha HepqRHOKHZi nponHciax^ 
pa6oTajiH 240—250 A^ek bi* roxy. 



HB'B SGTOPIH OBfl8ATEJ[BHArO rOFHArO TPy^A. 273 

TpefiiflTB ;^fl 0TB08KH TflsecTeS spyriHft fox's lomaAefi cb Tapaiat- 
xaMH HAH caHflMH. 0;^aEO laiEH E As^se hoohjikh ynoTpeCjiaJiHCB 
SAicB ji^ y6opRE Top^oB'B I j^ocraBRH necKOBT> fia npoHHBajiBHyx) 
MaiDHHy eme bi 1861 r. YcnimHOCTB pafioTU ccujELHO-saTopsHHX'b 
yMeHLBiajiacB en^e rbM'B, qro lacTB hxi xpyAHiacB bi KaHAajiax'B. 

Bi 1866 r. fiujn* cocraBjievB npoesTB ypo^Haro nojioxeHifl, no 
KOTOpoMy, uesAy npo^HMx, Ha jip6iimj 1 Ky6. casenn nojosoHO 6£ijio 
ynotpefijuiTB 4 nejioB. b% a^hb. Bi cj[tAyK)n9e 3a Thwb foabt, npa 
npHMiHefliH npaBEJTB axoro npooRTa, hoaojuhhtb STOrb ypoKx nepiASo 
ORaaBiBajiocB BecBjia TT^jjifiuwb bi> Bn;ty pasiH^ia gboAotb^ bojioto- 
HOCHaro luaora na pasHuxi npoHuciax'B, h noTony bi H0fl6pi 1859 r. 

ropHUfi COB^TB paSAilHJI'B pOSCUOH Hep^HHCKHX'B npOMKCIOBl Ha 

^OTBipe paapflAA h nasHa^HJii na eupaffomKy 1 sy6. caac. necRy otb 
2% AO 4Vi noAeHii^HH'B, na cxeHRy Mepsjiaro Top^a 6 no^eiinpiH'B, 

RpOHi 0C06uVb pa60HHX% A^H OTRaTRH. 

Hto Bi naqajii SO-x^b ro^OBi ypoRH 6ujie o^ohb THsejiH, bhaho 
H8i» csi]s,^TomfiVb cjroBi nicHH, BOcniBannceft A'^fioTBia Ha Kapt 
PasrHJiBAieBa vh 1850 r. 

„Ha pa3pi3'& co(5ep7TCfl, 
Ciesofi ropBROio 3aiBK)TCir, 

JiHOib npHHyTB yposi. 
IIonajieTB caseHB ApyraA 
O^Ha raiBRa juhhib cjiHBHafl, 

A ypoKB OT^aft. 
He 6epeTB hh rjibhi, hu moioti, 
Xa RB TOHj SB Bceo6iiufi roiOAB 

CxkisjL'h BcbxB 6e3B ghib^ *). ' 

TexHHRa nepBOHa^aiBHO fiuia bi o^beb HecoBepmeHHOMi BHxi 
Ha Hep^HHCRHxi HpoMucjiax'B. cIIpHHHBi wb coo6paseHie aootohh- 
CTBO h cTenoHB fioratcTBa sojiotohgchhx'b poacKneft HepiHHCRHX'B», 
roBopHTB r. OsepcRift, ciihojio xDAeft, ynoTpe6jiHBinHXCfl jifl& vrb 
pa3pa6oTRH H RojiEqecTBO eseroAHO BSBJieieHHaro Hexajua, yABBJiHTBca 
AOjfSHO GJ[a6oMy pasBHTin exoro js^indk, Ci oaiiaro Haqaia BBeABHiA 
ero, T.-e. gii 1830 no 1850 r., nooroaHHO ynoTpe6jiflAaoB bb js^iA- 
GTBle OAHa "lejioBi^ecRafl cHJia 6e3i noGo6iH MoxaHERH; Boxa mia 
TOjn>R0 Ha npoMUBRy. Cb 1850 r., npoAOJOKaexB OaepGRiS, i^aFB 
TexHHqecROMy Bonpocy BToiry Apyrofi o6opoTB h... no BBOAOHiH Pa3- 

rHJIBAieBHHl) npHJIH^HUXl) yGTpofiCTB'B, npaBHJIBHarO BOAflHOrO XOBflfi- 

GTBa, pacnpeAijieHifl pa6oTB, BipHO npHHopoBieHHiix'B r'b MiGTHmrb 

yGIOBiHM'B reOJrorH^eCREH'B E RJIBMaTHqeGRHirB, BOIOTOO npOHBBOAOTBO 

e^iiaio 6jieGTimie yontxH> '*'*). Ho« npn noGinceniH Hep^HGRHXi* 
HpoMHCJiOBx BB 1852 T., OsepcRift HameJTB npoMHBajiBHHfl HamnHU 



♦) „Baa;^HBOCTOBB" 1893 r., 16 37. 

**) OsepcKiH. jyOqepsi reoaoriH, xjiHe^aJBmz'b Cojwtervb h ropHaro npo- 
MUCJia 3a6afisaji>fl^' 18<67 r., trp. 52. 

Ml. OniAsl. la 



274 PyCGROE BOrATCTBO. 

qacTO eme bi Becbica HeooBepmeHHOMi BH^t, h a&sb nosAHie (vh 
1861 r.) BT> HRXi* qyecTBOBajicfl H6A0CTaT0Ki». 

BjitaroAapa Bdm TexHiiqecKQiii HecoBepineHCTBaMi — hock^ TOp^a 
H necROBi Ha EOCHJiKaxi, hjoxehi npouEieaibHBiM'b HamEHaifB, a 
TaEse H HenpoHSBOAHTeJibHOCTH o6ji3aTejiLHaro Tpy^a HacTopoBuxi h 
ccsLiBHO-KaTopsHBixi, Ha HepqHHCKHXX npoMHCJiaxT> o6pa6aTBiBaj[pci» 
MeaBmee, h1»mi vjifk jo[r6o, soJiBqecTBo iiecKOBi» na OAHoro ^eiosiRa 
Bi AeHB, a HMeEHO BT> 1851 r. Bcero no 12 ny^., Tor^a ebki jifiMB 
Ha AjiTaacKHXB EafiHHOTCKHXi upoMucjaxi o6pa6aTiiBajiocb no 25 ayA., 
a Ha qacTHUXB npoHHCJiaxx MpKyTcsaro ospyra aid ROJHqecTBO ao- 
xoAHJio Ao 84 nyA. bi aohb. TtMi He ireHte pa6oTii na soiotux'e 
npoHuciaxi fisirH EpafiHe thsojiu: ovfc c'lETaxHCB Bucmei) Mipoio 
HasasaHiS aia EaTopsHuxi. Ho sto 6faiJiH no EpaSHefi nipt npecTyn- 
hhrh, MacrepoBue se^ ne coBopmRBmie HBEaRoro npecTynjieHifl, Hcnoj- 
HHJiH Tk se pafiOTH (EaTopsaHi ho Hasna^ajiH tojibeo na npoMUBsy 
aoJKOTa), |[ AAse Bxi nojioseaie tujio xyse, TaEi Easi npn AByx- 
cH'i^BHUXB pa6oTaxi saTopsHue pa6oTajiH ahomb, a HacrepoBue ho^bd; 
EaROHeuB, cocjiaHHue sa caMUE TusRifl npecTynieHifl Ha3HaqajiHCB na . 
pa60Tj He 6ojite, EaiTB na 20Ji'bTb^ iiacTepoBHe se, RaRi exb xaiTB 
HaauBajiE, cqecTHaro EHeHHi, TpyAHjacB nepBOHaqajiBHO 6e3cpoqHO, 
Ao noTeps cnocofiEOCTE kb xpyjiy, a sartirB c% 1849 r. — b'b' TeqeEie 
35 jiiTB, E nocjii Toro yBOJiBEHJiHCB Bi OTCTaBRy G^ HEqTOXsoD nes- 
cien. KpOMt Toro, qaciB vaciepoHUXi, pa6oTaBmEXB na soiotiu'B 
npoMucjiax'B, nepeBOABjiH cb saaoAOBB na npiHCRH e o6paTflO, TaKB 
qro OHE BeAH CpOAaqyv) sb3hb h bto Htmajio hmi o68aBecTHCB, RaR% 

CJI^Aye^ CBOEMB XOaflMCTBOHl. 

Ha AjiTaflcRBXi saBOAaxi no mraTaiTB 1849 r. sajiOBaEBe npo- 
CTUHB RaseHHBiM'B paOoqfliTB Ha 3OJII0TUXB npoHUCyiaxi paBfrflJiooB 
6 py6. 70 Ron. — 10 pj6. eh lodh Bb HepqHHCROEB ORpyri oho 6h- 
BBJo E Mente *): Wh 1858 r. sa BaiiBA»BHCEOMi sojiotomi npOEUCii 
EaseHBue pa6oqie noayqaiE co6cTBesHO saioBaHBE eo eecb %odz 3 py6. 
57 E. Ha IQaxHaTHHCEOMB npiocKt bb nepBofi nojOBHHt 50-xb ro- 
AOBi> saBOA^Eie cjiyxBTeJiE nojiyqajiE sxajEOBaHBE 6 py6. 90 r. cepe6p. 
BB rOAB. Ho cu'i^Tt Ea 1861 r. qepHopadoqHUB Ea HepqBECREXT> so- 
jLOTux'b npoMucjiax'B, RpoHi EopEORuxB AOHorB E npoBiaHTa, 6buo 
flasHaqeBo aRanoBaHbO 9 py6. bx %odh (RpoHi xjiifiHaro nafiRa) **). 

CcujiBHORaiopsHue bb nepBOfi aojOBBEt 50-xb foaobb nojiyqaJiE 
fia niaxHaTHHCRBXi 3OJI0TUXI npoHLicjiaxx sajiOBaHBfl, raRse RaE'B 



*) B'B Baqaji'b 50-x'b roAOBi HepqHHCRie BasoACRie nacrepoBHe noayqajm 
saxoBaHBfl no 56Vi b. bi> iit<umi» (B'b foab 6 py6. 84 son.), a aa BoioTurb 

npOMUCJiaX'by KuKB yBBAHM'L BHS6y VLU'b mfifiBQJkUCh emfi CyTOUBUa KOpUOBUfl 

AeBBrH. 

**) Cnei^iajDHCTu ropnaro A^a (ycrapn^RRB, HaACMorpn^BKB sa pa6oTaiiH h 
pasBue Eacrepa) nojiytiajiB saaroBaBBa otl 36 ao 90 py6. bb roAV Koaeqao 
Bcb.oHH npB yAoCBGifB cjiyqa:b crapaiiBCB BOSHarpaBCA&TB ce6ii noinn^eEieuB 
BoaoTa, K ycjiiiABTB sa ebeb Gujeo novTH HeBOBMOSEO. 



H3'B HCTOPIH 0BH3ATEJIBHAT0 rOPHAFO TPyjUi. 275 

m saBOACRie ciyxHTaiff/no 6 py6. 90 k. cepe6p. vh rojCL, bi» 1S6I r. 
^ajDiOBaHbe .ccujibHo-KaTopsHuxi, laKse RaRi h HaoTepoB£ixi>, tiujio 

H'bcKOJBRo Bume. 

Ua HepqHHCRurB saBOAax's iiaoiepoBuifb nojiaraiocb roAOBoe xa- 
■jiOBaaBe h npoBianT'b, Ha uoaothxi me npoMucjiaxi MacrepoBue, a 

HapaBHt CB HEME H cGUTjiBHO-RaTopsHBce, noJiy^ajiE en^e rophobui'b 

EAH CyiOMUXTj HO 5 R. BX AGHB, T 6. 18 py6. 25 R. BT> rOJ.T> *). 

.Bi> BSBtcTHOH HaMi nicflt npoBcmecTBifixi sa Kap^ bi 1850 r. 
npii6aBRa paCoqHifb sa sojiOTiax'b npoMucjiax-b KopMOfiuxi> cyTOiHuxi* 
ABHerb o6i»flCHeHa xjioaoiaMH o tomii PasrflJiBAteBa: 

„npexAe He 6elio kopmobux'b 

X^A CeMeUCTBl>, CHpOT'b H BJlOBUXl, — 

Oh'b ucxjionoxa^'b*'. 

Uojurobbhrti paepcRift, nocjA ocMOTpa KapiScRijfxi soiotuxii npo* 
MucjioB'b Bi 1851 r., npeAiioasHJiY, npa nepecejieHiH ceMefiHux'b sa- 
BOACRBXi cjiyacBTejiefi na 3o;o[otu6 npoMucjifai He no coGcTBeHHoA hx% 
npock6b, a no pacQopBseHiio Ha?a;ibCTBa, suAaBarb eARHOBpeMeEHoe 
nocoOie no 15 py6. na Ayiny MyaccRaro noJiRa, iipuMtBHTeibHO Ri^ 
TOMy, ^TO TaRifl nocu6iH bua&k>tch safiaiiRaiibCRHEi RasaRaM-b, nepe- 
cejiflOMyMi Ha hobuu MtcTa, a ops nepeABB»eHia Cb M^bcra Ha ut- 
CTO cj[;2RHTeiieH xopomaro noaeAeHia jifikAte 50 BepcTb BUAasaTb eh -b 
sa Bpeua opoxoAa no pascqexy ABOaaufl RopHOBUH A6HbrB. reaepajii- 
rydepaaTop'b MypasbeB'b naniejix h to^ h Apyroa uojiesEuicb h npo- 
OEjii> HEHECTpa ^HBaHcoBi CA^iEaTb cooTBtTGTBeHHoe pacaupflsoHie, 
HO 6bijia JE yAOBiieTBopeHa ero npocbCa, mu ho saaeiii. 

Ua UepqBHCKHXi> sojiotiiix'b npoMbccjiax'B, RaR-b h na AiraBCRHXi, 
6fiiJiH, no RpaBHen Mtpt, bi* bO-Tb roAaxi, BOJibHOCTapaxejEbGRifl pa- 
'fioTu sa oco6y]D ujiaxy. Bi> 1858 r. sa Bb[pa6oTRy Top^oBi b npo- 
HbiBRy sojiOTa KBOJibflocTapaTeiflifb*, sa HCRiioqeHieMi Buqera sa 
HHCTpyMeHTU, saajaHOHo Ooiile 5000 py6. IIpH pasA^JieHiH aiofir 
cyiiMbi Ha Bce ^bcjo paSo^EXik, 8T0Tb Ao6aBO^uufl sapafioxoRi oRa- 
sufiaexca HHqxoxcHBiifb. 

KpoMi saiOBaBbfl e RopMOBHxi, HacxepoBfiie na HepqEHCRHX'b 
opoMbicjiax'b, BaRi h eh AixaftcRHX'by noiyqaJiH oti> RasEU npoBiaHTL: 
Vb 50 XI roAaxi BUA^Bajiocb 2 nyA* bi Htoai^'b pa6oqHM'B MyscKaro 
nojua, RpoM'fc xoro GeneiHiiie aojyqajH en^e wb Micai^'b 2 nyA. na 
.seny h no 1 nyA. bi Htcai^'b na MaJsoitxEExi xbtek (MysoRaro 
QOJia Ao 12 JLtTh E seECRaro jsjo 16 z1m>). TaROfi se npoBiaHxi» no- 
Jiy^ajE E ccbiJibHo-Raxop»flue. BAOBan'L e capoxaMi) RaRi» saBOACREXi* 
ojijacEieaeft, xaR-b e ccujibEO-RaxopsHux'b, a ^aR»e e HeaaROHHO- 
poaRAGHHUMi BXh A^TflMi 6631 pasjiBqlH HOJia BbiA&BajicH on RasHU 
BpObiaHTb Bi Bume yRaaaEHOHi pa3Htpt. XoJLOCxue sasoAORie cay- 
XHxejifl, xBBmie b-b oon^eiiii RasoEHOX'b notftn^eHiE^ ek^jul o6a(yio 



*) Ua AsTattcsBZ'b saBOAaz'bno mTaxam 1849 r. BasflavdHH 6ujui nopi^iou-* 
^Bua A^BbrH no 4 s. B'b A^nb. 

18* 



276 PyCGEOB BOrATGTBO. 

aprejiB, KOTopoD asBiwBan apTeja»HBlt crapocra; oh'b npEHHMarb. 
ESI Ka3HH BysHfiie jijui apren Ben^ e npflnacu, a TaRse BopKo- 
BBifl A^HLrE, Ha EOTopufl EOKynajTB flsi EasEu, TaKi) HasuBaeHBifi^ 
npEBapoB'B, T. e. roBEAHBy jifisi meft, Maojio ji^a saniE e npoq. fflie- 
HaiHe noiy^ajifl asajiOBaBBe e npoBiaBTB Ba pyKE e seie bi co6- 
OTBeHHUx'B AOMaxi. npoBiaETb BUA&Bs^cfl flsoFAa vb spaEEe BoyAO- 
BJieTBopflTeji[BBOin» BEjiib, Bx ESBicTHoi nicHi AtflHiflXi PasrEJtb- 
XteBa, cocTaBJieHsod MoBieBiiin>, cKasaao: . 

„A E^ TOMy-si Bceo6iuiS toioa'b 

GA'^ai'b BCJ^xi des-B chj'b. 
OTHcrose roiOAaiB? 
npOBiaBT'b AMI BuxaBajH,— 

CnpocMTe MeBfl. 
•BiH npasAa, bo nero— 
I^iiHBOiii Bpyrjo sepBo, • 

TOIBSO IBBft CBHCTHTB. 

H emfi CBasy ups^HBy: 

^H SaHOEb BOJrOBEBy, 

J^aBBHfi B'B npoBiaBTb^ *). 

BojrbACTBie EepacnopaAHTeibHOCTE MicTEaro Ea^aibcxBa ojiyqa- 
ncB ESOr;^a cexlene saTpyAHeEifl bi> npoKOHJieEiE pa6o^Exi> Ba npo- 
miojiax'B. no cjiOBBMi A. H. SaBajtHniEBa, behod 1852 r. sentM^ 
6HJI0 npoEopKETB pafio^EXi sa KapificEEXi 30i0T£irb npiEcsaxi., k- 
reHepajTL-ryfiepHaTopi bi A6Ea6pi HicBi^t npEcsaEajii EpyroE'^ 
Baftsaia bi ^sry nocjii Toro, Easi e rpaoA&HCEoe, e Easa^be Ba- 
^ajiBCTBo Bi 3a6afiEaiBi OTEasaiocB AocTaTB npoBiaETB. Ecie b^petb^ 
SaBaiEmEEy, tojibeo GjiaroAapa OMy y;i[ajiocB npioCpftCTE 45,000 ay^. 
vyEE y cEpHBaBBiflX'B ee bsi ODaceBia, ito6u osa eo 6Hia OTBEra. 
y EExi, fl AOoraBETB ee esb BepxEoyAEsoEa eb Kapy **). Ea6E- 
EerB, vb OAEott saiiECRi 1858 r., yrBepsAait, hto, xote no npEEfl- 
TiOTB Ea saBO^b npaBEJiairB sanacs npoBiaEra aojdkeu paBEBTBca 
ffByxroAEqEolt norpefisocTE bb EeirB, <bi Hep^EBCKoirB ospyrb eb- 
lE^EHO sanacu xji']^6a e^sa cocrasjiflDTB nosyroAOByi) nponopi^iK), k 

6iUni npEH^pB, HTO A^SCTBiE BlEOTOpUXB SOJLOTUX'B npOtfUOJEOB^ 

AOXSEO 6njio orpaEsqflBaTB no EeEHtEiD sanacoBi a^ npoAOBOJU»- 
CTBiE pafioqEXii*. Bb Ea^ai'b AOsafipE 1652 r. eb KapificEBXi npo- 
MUOJBiaxB 6h[jio TBEoe saipyABeBie b'b npoAOBOJiBOTBiE, ^to icboTBoe 
EB^aJiBCTBO npEEysA6Eo 6iU[o y Bcei pafioiefi EOnaEAK, «B0J[BE0lt e 
Wb apTejiflX'B», yAepsEBBTB no Va ^lA- npoBiaEia bi* irbcaiTB e bbb- 

UtWb ero A^BBTB JIBmBEX'B E0% 4^. rOBBABEU, <^T06hL Vb cyTEE He- 
XOB'bE'B EMijn 1% $. rOBBAHEH Vb npEBapOEl^. 

npE octforpt OsepcEBifB vb 1852 r., no nopyqeniK) MypaBBOBa, 
BOxoTHX'B npoMuciiOBX Hep^BCEBro oEpyra, oei Eamea'B, ^to npo- 



*) jjEaaAHBocTOKi", 1893 r., J\& 37. 

**) „AMypcBoe A^o h BxiaHie ero na BocrovHyio CH6ipfc h rocyA^^PCTBO^^ 
„PyooKaa CTapHBa", 1881 r... t. XXXII, 82. 



18% HCTOPIH OBflSATEflBHArO TOPHArO TPYM- 27 T 

J^OBOJ^bCTBie ccHiBHO-KaTopanHrB HeysoBaerBopHTejiBHO, «xoTfl Bii^a- 
BaeMoe sojiOAHHsaMi maco AofipoKaqecTBeiHO, xiiOi. xopomo Bune- 
qeffB .... Ha HlaxiraTHHCKOirB npoMHcri ohh ;^0B0jiBCTByi)Tca 
capnH^aHiTB ^aen^ riwh ae KOJrHqecTBOM'b xjii6a h 4>Ihtom'b luoa 
CT, npHBapROM'L HSB KHCJOft KanjcTH H Kpyfli. B-b TDpBMax'B SB Ka- 
piftoKHX'B BU^aw KHpnHMaro ^aa (tb isa& 1852 r. omiHeHa toctIb 
no AoporoBHSEt h HeBosMosHOCTH noKpiiTB HSj^epsKH, conpaaeHBOia 
"» yjiyqineHHUiTB cosepxaHieHB ccbubhuxb bb'b HasHaieHHUX'B hitb 
ouaftOB'B, qaoTiK) no HacroEiriiD Bpa^a, npnnHCHBaDmaro ycHieide 
doiBHuxB^ Oj^epsHMKix'B HOHOcoiTB, ynoTpe6jieHiH) ^aa bb sapaoe 
Bpeiia ro^a. Ilo BOTptTEBmeMycfl saTpyxaeaiiD wb nparoTOBJieaiB aa- 
^ycT£i, BB aoaCpi BUA&BajiocB soxoAaaRaifB sapificKBirB eseAHeaao 
ao % $. cBiporo Maca, atOB aoToparo uocA aapaa yvdHBinaeToa so 
32 BOJioTaaaoBB a ae ^oxoabtb BHOie 39 BOiora., no 4 $. xopomo 
Bcneqeaaaro xjiifia, no 1 $. apynB a^anx'B a no 97i boiotb. com. 
<;paBBaBaa ooiepsaaie aa maxTaai a Kapb, osasBiBaeroa, "iro aa 
Jtapt capecraaru, no apaflaefi irtpi bo speiia ocMOxpa, aaxoflaaaoB 
BB xy/^neiTB noaoaeaia a 4ib 6e3% nepeaiai 0AH006pa3ayi) a npa 
TOMB nptcayi) namy*. 03a6o^BBaacB yjiy^raeaieiTB npoffOBOiBCTBia 
4)CiUBao-saTopaa£ixB aa BHAaaaeHyH) aMi» maTy (aopMOBua A^aBra 
a aaxoBaaBe), Oaepcaia cocTaaajTB npoeaTB noioaeaia o ax'B oojep- 
^aaia wb nopBaaxB npa KapificKaxB npoaucJtax'B no cnpaBO^auMi 
JcicTaHiTB i^'baajfB sami 1852 r.; owb upeAHOJiaraJTB BUA^^BaTB wb 
AOBb: aaca % $., apynH % $., tod aapua^aaro okoio 1 aoaoia,, coaa 
S soiOTB., *), Myaa-BaxypaaB 67s boiotb., aapy aa v^ aon. Oroa- 
MOCTB Tasoro npoffOBOJiBCTBia paaaaxacB bb a©hb 2J5 kob., a b% m4- 
'eaisib 75 Bon. JltTOiTB, BcaiACTBie CojiBnioft AOporoBaaan aaca, npo- 
AOBOJBOTBie Aoaaao 6hjio oCoftTBCB aa 10% a. Aopoae, BCJiiACiBie 
^ero npoAnojiaraiooB itioMB yaoBBniBTB BHAaiy naa, saiypaaa a 
aapa. Ecjb auijiacB KBanieaaa aanycia a xjn'b, to wa paaao- 
.oCpasia nan^a bxb BHAaaajia aa 3% a. bt> ntcai^'B cb yaeaBniealeiiB 
aa 8T0 Bpeaa aa nojiOBaay BHAa^a apyna. Hbb 2 nyA. nposiaara 
nojioaeao 6suo eaeaioaqao BHAiaaTB no V, $. Myaa aa aapeaie aaa- 
ca AM apTem. OTnycKB aapnaqaaro laa, ooo6eaao bbmod, OsepcaUl 
npasaaiB secBMa nojDiesauirB a naraTeJU^auHB. Maauoe sioapeAaoe 
Bjiiaaie ero, npeApacaojiaraBmee, aaaB AyMaaa, Kb pasoTpoftcray 
•aejiyAKa, no npoasBeAeaaoify paBCjrtAOBaaiD, o6'BacBaJiocB npafiaa- 
-JieaieiTB bb aoTxu cupoft boau h naTBOiTB ^aa, aoAOcraTOUO acsa- 
iiaqeaaaro. Bb 1850 r. npa jtaxopaaiixB TwpBaaxB 6iiM pasBe- 
Aeau nepaue oropoAu; nepesB A^a roAa saorbaao 6euo 3 ]i,QonEBK 
Juipro<]^ejieMB a apoai Toro 15 A^caTaaB poab© npa YcTB-Kapi; 
apeAQOjiarajiocB poaB, co6paaayH) a o6Moio^eaayB) ccHiBBO-aaTopa- 
jiumb sean^aaaiia, npoAaTB a supyqeaana AOHBra oOpaxaTB b'b 



*) T. e. 2Va $. b* M4ca^'b; npeaA© BtwaBaaocB no 3 *., bo cojcb bhxo« 
jiua He BCJi, H MiCTBHft BpavT* 0A06pHjrb yMeHwneHie ea souvderBa. 



278 PyCCKOB BOFATCTBO. 

iTOjiBsy aprejieft. OsepcEift HaxoAHJTb uojiezwawb yseJiHqiTB yqpex- 
jiQWBae npH TnpBMax'B oropoAu n pasBOAHTB b'B ebxi xyEi, sa- 
nyciy, KapTO^ejub, CBeiwy, am o6pa6oTKH xe oropoAOBi ynoipe- 
6xHn opeBMyn^ecTBeBBO sesmBBi. ficb 8th npeArcojroseBifl Oaep- 
CKaro 6£jj[H coofimeBU ncirpaBJifliona^eify aojisboctb Ba^ajiBBBRa Hep- 
^BBCEBXi) sasoAOBi PasFEJiBAieBy, ci nopy^eBieMi noABeprByxB^ 
BXi cTporoMy pascMOTpiBiK) h, eciH ohb oEasyrcA yAo6oECiiOjiBH- 

MH, BpflBBTB HXX B'B pySOBOACTBO. 

OEaaaiocB, tto npoeETB nojioseBifl o npoAOBoxBCTBiH, cocraBieH- 
HHft OsepcEHiTB, HOFB Sbttb opBHiHeHi EeMeAieflHO 6e3'B BaTpyAHeHit: 
Bi npOMUCAOBUXi HarasBHax'B fiamracB sanacii ^aa h Beo6xoAflira» 
jiEtt Bapeaiii ero nocy;ia, a Tasace h Apyrie npsaacu, Epoirb EBameH- 
HOft EanycTU, BdairlH'B EOTopofi hosho 6hjio ynoTpe6ji[BTB iyKi>, npH- 
BeseHHug B'B fiuTBOCTB OsepcEapo Ha Eapi. Go BBOAeflieirB bi jtitt- 
cTBie HOBaro nojsoseflifl, co^epsaBie ccHiBHO-EaTopsBKxi Aoxsna 
6hjio 6utb pacnpejrbJieEo TaEi: no yrpy, ao Buxo^a Ha pa6oTy, sbb- 
TpaEi cyxHHi* xjiii6oirB; B'B 11 ^ac. yipa BHBOCBTCfl na pasp-bsu 
KOTJru ci ropa^HiTB naoMi, Bc^'b^cTBie Hero OTMiHaeTca pacEiaAii- 
BBHie Ha pa6oTaxx B'B SHiraee BpoHA KocrpoBi, oeoio soropHrB. 
rpiiorroff «EaBAajiBHHEv>, tbei ebei 6HCTpuft nepexojTB na crysy Bpe- 

ffHX'B HX'B SJlOpOBBK). Ilo B03BpaDieHiH CB pafiOTB— Ofi'bA'B H Jf,JLE HHTBH 

XBB/CTb. PasrBJiBj^eBT* npejtDHcaJi'B yapaBjrHnn^eHy soiothmh npoMBi- 
cjiauH npHHflTB 8To' nojosoHie Bi pysoBo^CTBo *). Tasi Easi npo- 
BiaHTB oTnycsaxcfl ccujiBHO-EaTopsHHirB, naxoABiuHHCfl B'B TiopBuax-B^ 
H EBBapiiarB, wb bha^ MyEE, a ceMefiHiiirB bi BH^i^ sepna (no 2 ny^. 
Ha ^ymy), Mes^y tIitb Rasi EasHaieHO ornyoEaiB no 2 ny^. HyEH,. 
TO OsepcEift npeAiosHJTB, fb osHAaEiH nooraBEB MyBH, npoAOjnsaTB 
oTnycK'B Bepsa, ho (tb ycTanoBJieHHOX) npH6aBE0K) <Ha npHMOJi'B», 
SQoropoe h BSHiiaTB ci nocraBn^BEOBi npn c^a^ hmh aepnoBoro xj['66a. 
CeMefiHiie oOflsaHEi 6hih xoahtb sa npoBiaHTOH'B na ycTB-Rapy sa 
15 BepcTB ABa pasa bt» if'6cflip», tbe'b ebki, no HeuitHiD pa6oHaro 
CKOTa, noxHaro EOXH^eoTBa xjilfia Ha Kapy ne nepoBOAflxn. Ilo HHiHiio 
OaepcEaro, HeyA06cTB0 bto aoosho 6uxo 6utb ycrpaHeno npn yBOiH- 
Ba Kap'b ceotb. npeAnoxoseaifl OsepcEaro Ckixh OAo6peHii MypaBB- 

eBUlTB, H HX% npeAQBCaHO 6hX0 HCnOXHHXB. 

B'B H0H6pt 1851 r. na KapificEHXi npoKucxax'B apTOXBHaa oynMa. 
specraHTOB'B cooraBJUixa 3697 py6. Ki* Ba^ajiy 1859 r. nps Rapifi- 

OKHXIb H JlyHaOIEHHOEHX'B HpOMHCXaXl 61UH apTOXH, H]rkK)niiH 2613 p» 

AenerB, 16 6ueobi, pasHua oropOAHua. oboh^h h npHnacH h npoq., 
TttKi TTO Bce Hxi HMyn^eoTBO oi^iHHBaxocB B'B 3123 p., npH npo- 
mieiax'B xe AxeEcaHApoBcsaro ospyra apxexBHHX'B cyim He mA- 



*) OsepcKift npeAXOSHJFb ne AOSBOsarb iiicTHoiiy eavajiBCTBy HSMtHHTb ho- 
aoxenie o nHn^b h oxdXA'b (cm. hhso) no cBoeiiy npoHSBOJiy, a o BUHyasj^ae- 
uarb o6cTOiiTeJ[i»CTBaMH nepeiitHaz'B aohochtb ropHoiry naqajiBHBRy n exe-^ 
roxBo cocTauxHTB HOByio Ta6eJiB na ocBOBauis cnpaBOVHHX'b i^tHTb h npe^^cTaa- 
jrnTB ee na yTBepHcx^Hie reHepa-ii-ryGepRaTopa BocTOVHoft Ch6bph. 



H3T» HCTOPIH OMBATEflBHAfO rOPHATO TPyftiL, 279 

jiocB, H apeoraETH AOBOJnbcrBOBajrHCL saroTOBieHHUHH otb KasHU npff- 
nacanH b'b TaKOirB pa3Mip'&: % iff. Mflca, 34 (jf. spyas ibl % (ff. Jtysj 
B% cyTRH CB npHfiaBJieHleiTB OBomefi, pasBOAHuuxi bx oropoAaxi. 
Hto KacaeTCfl oAesA^ ccujibHO-RaTopsHux'B, to QsepcKift, npH 

OCMOTpi npOHUCJIOB'B 3HliO]D 1852 T., HameJTB, qTO, XOTfl OHa H <npE- 

jiHqHafl», HO €He cobc^mi cooTBlTCTeyDniafl cypoBOMy BpeMeHHr0Aa>; 
TaRi KaKi*, no ero HHiHiiD, «no i^oporOBHSHt obehhx sarpyj^HHTeJiBHo 
CHa6saTb xoHaHAy noJiymyfiKaMH*, to ohi npe^JiarajLB, HoiBSfl m 
saicbHHTB sLTb Tap6oraHEfiiMH TyjoEynavE, AOCTaBiaeiuiMH hsi OKpeoT- 
Hooreft AsniE, e i^tEa KOTopuxB, 2 py6. 40 e. sa miyRy, EeMsorsirB 
npesocxoAETB K,tEy cyROHsuxB mHHejEeft (2 py6. 16 r.)- no nojio- 
sesiH), ycTasoBxeEEOMy, OsepcRHMi vh 1852 r., ccuiBso-RaTopsEsiEX 
noiarajiocB: o^sa py6axa xoin^cBaa Ea 27, MicEi];a, oahe xojinieBiie 
nopTu Ea 2V, wbofli^ay Tps napu (lo^TeBHXB) ^hprobb Ea 2V> ^^' 
cfli^a, OAHa napa pyRaBEi^B seacasuxB Ea 3 irlcfli^a, abI napu py- 
EaBEajB cyROEEHXB fla .SEMy, ojijiik niHHejrB cepHEXEaro cyRsa sa roAi* 
CB qeTBepTBX), t. e. fla 15 M'Icflii.eB'B, o;^Ei osy^E cyROEEua Ea SEiiy, 
OAEEi RypTB (sic) cyROESBift sa 8 irbcfli^eBB. IIo pasc^OTy sa o^^eeb 
M'i^cflii.'B o^esAa 8Ta o6xoj(EJracB 1 py6. 30 r., a nnn^a apecrasTOBX 
75 R., TTO BMicTt BB Htcfli^B fls^ 30 A^eS cociaBjrflJTO 2 py6. 5 r., 
a BB Micfli^ E3T» 31 jiMA 2 py6. llVe K. IIo nojEoseHiBQ OaepcRaro 
onpoA^Jieso 6ujio TaRsUB ofipasoHB pacxoAOsaTB sa Ras^aro bb toa'b 
25 py6. 1 R. no pacqHciesifio, nscajiB OsepcRiB, «nj[aTa, BUAaBaenaa 
RasAosy ocHiBEO-RaTopsEOHy OTAiJiBEo, AOCTaTO^sa Oesii ooraTRa, e^ 
o6peMeEEfl Rassy sobums AOiiraMH sa noRpBnie pacxoAOBB», yRasas- 
EuxB vb TafiejiE. IIiaTa aia oocTOSJia esb ropmobbixb no 5 r. bb 
AesB, qro cocTaBjuieTB bi> toab 18 py6. 25 r., HMicE^saro sajroBasBfl *), 
Mu se 3EaeMB opoROB'B EOCRE Bon^eft Ao 1852 r., so, a^esE^iEo, sen^H 
.socEiECB CRople, ^fbwb aio 6ujlo onpe^'i^eso no Rasessoft Ta6en, 
TaRi RaRi OaepcRifi o6BECEfleTB BeoBiia se paBsosipEoe pacnpej^- 
jneEie ]iflj[TOVb sa ccHJiBSO-RaTopacsuxB «6oj['b6 eie nesie xosEft-- 
cTBeESOK) socROX) 0Ae»EHXB BOEieK^. MypaBBOB^, o;^o6pHBmia Boo6n^e 
npeAnoioseEifl OsepcRaro oTSocETejuBEO oaosraki, npsRasaJ'B Hes^y 
npoiEEi 03a6oTETBCfl E BarOTOBJieflietf'B Tap6oraESQXB TyjrynoBB, ecjiH 
8T0 MosoTB 6UTB soiosso ji,JUi pa5owxB s Ee6e3Biir0AE0 A^fl 
Ra3flB[. npoT. BorojiK)6cRi8 OTHOCEiejiBEO cciUBso-RaTopxsiixB sa 
niaxTaHflscREX'B npoMUGjrax'B roBopsTB: «QAesAst h o6yBB, RaRi jsja 
3BMU, TaR^b fl ;^XE jiiia, y Ra»Aaro ectB, a b% cjryqai Hssoca ot- 
nycRanrca esb Raass no TaRct noTpeGsiie saTepiaw... exe aasrc 
roTOBaa o^esj^a s o6yBB». Ho RaROBa 6uxa era o^^es^a ccujubso-Ra- 
TopxEHXi, BEAEo ESB cjAjiyj^nifiX'b cxoBB saEEORE OAHOFO qacTsaro 



*) B% OTveri HepuHHCKHrb npoiiHCJiax'& sa 1858 r. asaaaEO, vro ccujobHO- 
xaTopsBEfiziiii tBuxaeTCE Kassoio fleo6zoARifaa OAeag(a, h sa Bce, ^tro e8% xasBu 
Bi apreax omycKaeroA, BOSvi^maiOTCfl wb osyB) AOBLrH ubt* naaTu, nosyqaejioft 
apecTas^raiTH*. 



280 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

80jiOTonpotfHmji6HHHBa BocTo^Hoft Ch6eph (1861 r.): «OAesAAootijiBHO* 
KaTopsHHXi H3BicTHs^ HHorAa ee HensA Aase sasBaTb JioxHOTbfliiH, 

nOTOMy ^0 OHH AOBOJIBCTByiOTGff B&kWb TilTb 6paK0M'B, BOTOpuft 

ooTaeTGfl BCjAflfiTBle coBepmefiHoi HeroARoors js^sb. Kasoro 6u to hh 
6hio oCHTa, Aa h Ha TaxyD OAOSjiy noAaraOTCfl cpoKib, KoropBitt ne 
MoaerL BHAepsaTB TOBapi canaro jry^maro KaqeoTBa, hsi CBOero aice, 
TBKi HasuBaeMaro, saiOBaHBfl... hh o^hh'b pafioqift Hnero sjiihtb 
AJifl ce6fl He bi cocTOflHiH». 

Ha IITaxTaHHHCRHXi npoHUCiaxi vb nepBott nojioBHHi SO-xi ro- 
AOBi xoiocTue saBOACKie cjiysnTejiH shih na EaseEHOft KBapTHpi bi 
oco6oyx SAamn, (tb noMlmeHiflMH Ha 500 ^ei., aiceHaiHe se shjih bi 
co6cTBeHEB[xi» AOMaxi», nooTpoeHHuxi no 6ojibmefi qaciH cb nocoGieiTB 
OTB sasHH. 

CcfiijiBHO-KaTopsHue, no saEOHj 1845 r., npH^HOJUAECB Kb paapAAT 
HcnuTyenHX'B h coAopsajrHCb bi ocTporaxi: fiescpoqEue KaTopsHue 
coxepsaxHCB bi py^HUX'B h hoshkxi osoBaxi, npo^e se saxops- 
Hue vb OAHEXi HOSHuxi. BpoHfl HCHHTanifl fi,3us. RaTopsHBixi pas- 
Huxi paspflAOBi npoAOJisajiocB otb oahofo ro^a ao bocbmh jAtb, 
noojrb lero xopomo BOAinie cefia bx 8to BpoMH nepoHHCAUHOB bi paa- 
p&A^ HcnpaBJinnn^HxcH, coAopsaiHCB desi oeobi h, ecjiH bobhosho, 
noMtn^aiHCB ota'&ibho otb Ecniiryeifuxi. Hepesi H3BlcTHoe Bpevfl 
(orb OAHoro ro^a ao ipexi lirB a^a pasHux^ paspHAOBi) KaiopsHue 
Mom cb paapimeHia ropnaro npaBarenifl noiy^aTB AOSBOJuenie shtb 
fie Bb ooTporb, a b'b SHJiHDiax'B saBOACKHXi MacrepOBBDCB hjih no- 
orpoHTB flfio. cefifl aoui Ha seMJii, npHHaAiesan^efi saaoAy* h BCTy- 
naTB BB 6paRX, npn ^eiTB hitb BUAaBaiocB nooo6ie AenBraME e sa- 
TypoH) H3i 8apa6oTaHEuxi eme A^Eenb. 

CcuiBEO-KaKTopsEse paOoTaBmie Ea maxTaMEHCRExi npoMUOiax'B 
DO cAOBaMi npoT. BoroJDoOcEaro, pasAtiEiECB Ea TpE paspflAa: 1) eceu- 
Tyemixi, Koroptie coAepsaxECB B'B TupBiii e vb osoBaxi sa no- 

CTOEEEUKl BOeHHKM'B KapayiOlTB; 2) EOnpaRUDn^EXCE, 0B060AEHX'B 
OTB TK)pT>MH E OSOB-B, EO EaXOAfln^BXCfl HOA^ CTpOFElTB ES^SOpOMl 

irbcTEoS ^OAE^iE e 6oj[Binex) ^aoiBK) SEByn^x^ Kb cafioiTB SAaEiE 

^OIEI^E OBOeD apxeJIBD E 3) ECaUTaESUX'B, CeMe&HUX'B, EMtoH^EX'B 

CBOE AOMa E xosattoTBa, noxBsyniUHXGfl OBoefl cBo6oAoft EapaBEi cb 
saBOACBEMH OAysETOJiflHE, a BEOcjrbACTBiE, no BHCJiyrfc Bi pa6oTaxi 
ypoiEHXi jitTB, nooxynaBniExi bi paspaAi^ nooeieEi^eBi e oraEo- 

BEBmHXCE nOCTOflHHIUCE »ETeJUUCE EpaE. TDpBVa, B'b EOTOpoS SflXE 

BaTopxEHe nepBaro paspEAa Ea maxTaMEscEExi npomicjiaxx, Cvao 
orpoHEoe AByxxaiasHoe AepoBESSoe BAaEie bi> 30 cas. bt» m^kj e 
15 VB mapEHy, pasAtJieEsoe EoppEAopoMi bo bcd Aissy; QO oCIeitb 

CTOpOEaiTB EOppEAOpa yOTpoeEK 6£UE naiBTU EIE SHJOUI EOMEaTH 
CI aETpeCOXEHE, SOTOpSfl OOBlmaiECB OSEaKE laEl, ^0 FB EasAoft 

naiSTi uosEO Ohio noMtmaiBOE e BBepxy sa aErpeooxEX^ e BEEsy 
Ha sapaxi. nepe;i:B rjtaBEHMi exoaoki fb TnpBiiy BucipoeEa 6iua 
rayoTBaxTa am BooEEaro Eapayxa, a oi npaBott oropoEU EaxoAuaoB 



\ 

HSTb HCTOPIH OBaSATEHBHArO TOPHArO TPYflA. 281 

KyxHfl H 6aHfl. Kaac^afl cotha counHo-KaTopxHux'b, ooAopaniHZirL b'k 
TnpBifi^, HBiiia OBoero apiejEBHaro crapoorj noA'B riaBHHiTB Ha^aiB 
CTBOM'B TupeHHaro cMOTpHTOJUi, KOTopuft BUj^aBajTB crapoorb bi ap- 
Tejn^ saKi upoBiaHTB, Tasi h npo^e npHnacu h boh^h, nysHHe pa- 
^oixwb, no yoraHOBJieHHUM'B n^isairB B'b c^otb hxi sajioBaHBfl h 
RopMOBiixi AOHerB. — TnpeMHHe CHOTpHTejiH AonycRajia padjE^mia 
aioynorpeCjievifl, h noTOHj OaepcKift noTpedofiai'L, ^toCh nxi B116H- 
pajH ESI JiiDAeft oTiH^Haro noB6AeHia 9 j[,o jBOJiBHeHifl ktb otb ^iojqk- 
HocTefi cofiHpajiE onpaBKH ^esi paaonpocy ROMaH^u, He craBffjra-iH 
OHH Ha c^erb KaxopsHnrB ^to-ih6o iHrnnee, ho sth npeAnHcanifl 
«ABa-JO[ AOCTHraiH cBoeft i(&[h. 

CetfeftHKe saso^icKie MacxepoBne hofje Hui^TB He tojibeo Aoira, ho 
H seHJiK), ho OsepoRift nameii hxi aKOHOKHiecKift 6uTb uaio jAOBJie- 
TBopHTejnbHUHi. Owb oGbhohhjtl 8T0 OT^acTH MicTHUUH ycxoBiknH, — 
T&iTb, TOO noHBft KaueHHcra UHHarB cypoB'B, BKtroHHHZ'B irlcTB Maxo, 
TpaBH xy^^oco^HH, H 9T0 npenflTCTBOBaio 8aBe;i[eHiR) ;i(ouaniHflro CKora; 
HO rjnaBHOK) npHqHHox) pascTpoScTBa hxi 6iiTa OsepoKift, sas'L orb 
y66AHJiGfl H8^ pascnpoooBi mhofhx'b HacTepoBcixi, 6ujLn ^acTUH ne- 
peABH»eHifl pa6o?eft KOtfaHAH 01 KapH bi» maxraify, vh saBopi h 
o6paTH0. 

II. 

ynpaBjreme PaarMBj^ioBa.— BoxtSHH.— jtojni padoraxi.— no64rH.— y6iftcTB» 
HaA3HpaTeieft.— JEhxohhctbo HaHaiBcxBa.— S&ecTOKiA HasasaHiA. 

CaHoe ysacHoe BpeMH nepesHJiH HaoTepoBue h KaTopsHHe na 
Kapi SHifOK) 1850 — 51 r., Kor;^a PasreiB^i^eB'B xoriix b'b yro^y 
MypaBBOBy aobocth Aofimy aoiOTa na HepqHHCSHX'B npoHticjrax'B ao 
100 ny^. BT> ro;i>. Mu yxe ynoHnnaiH hmh axoro AtereiH, ooraBHB- 
maro no cetit caHyD ne^ajiBHyK) navflTB; nysno nosHaKOMHTBCfl cb 
macb hIckoibro noApofinie. 

FopHufl HHaRenepB PasrHJiBj^B'B, KaR'B mh cjuimaiH, cjiysHin 
npesA6 Ha ypait, ho ero na^aJiBHHR'B noseiaii otb Hero OT^i- 
aaTBGH. PasrHJUBAieFB npitxax'B Vb neTep6yprB h« RaRi bh^ho hsi 
o^Hi^axBHux'B hoto^hhrobb, npe^cTaBEJii npoeKTB 061 ycoBepmen- 
<^TB0BaHiH sojiOTOnpoMuniJieHHOCTn b'b PoccIh bi* rexEHiecROirB h 
xoBflScTBeHHOMX OTHomoHuixi. YqeHsft EOHHieTB Ropnyoa ropauxi 
HHsenepovB namerB sacjiysHBann^HMH oco6aro BHHuaHiH HBoGpiTen- 
Hyx) HiTB BOJiOTonpoHUBaJBHyK) MamHHy, pasnaro poAa cnapflAU, o6jier- 
^annvie ao6u^ h nepeaosRy necKOBi* h npo^. h nocTaHOBHJTB nopy- 
"qHTB eny HcnBrraTB bx-b Vb RaROirB xh6o hsi ropHux^ ospyroBB, 
Hanp., B'B HepqEHCROiTB, rffi soioroe npoH8BOACTBO na^HHajio pasBH- 

BaTBGH H TA'b, nO MHtHlI) KOHHTeTa, BCOFO yA06Hie npHMlHHTB Ha 

Xbi rb H81 npe^noioaiceHitl, ROTopuH oRasyrofl noxesHUMH. MeHHcrpi 
<|^HHaHC0Bi corjiacHiEca cb bthitb npeAJtoxenieiTB h phnHjrB ornpaBHTB. 
PssPHiBAieBa na cjiys6y bi HepuHCRifl ospyn. 



282 pyCCKOE BOrXTCTBO. 

B'b Ha^ajii ^eapaifl 1849 r. owh npiixan vb npsyrcKx h o^eHL. 
noHpaBBJiGfl MypaBBeay, Koxopuft, no ero ojiOBairb wb o^$B^iajnHO]r& 
AOBOceHin uHHHcrpy ^BHaHcoB-h, r^wb 6oJLie ofipaAOBaJioa npii3;[y Pa3- 
THJiLAteBa, ?T0 «co BpeMeHH jLHiHaro ofisopa HepqeHCRaro ropnara 
ORpyra vh aBrycrt h C6BTfl6pl» 1848 roj^a «noiyqBjn» cairB xaep- 
;i;oe yCtsAGHie bi bosmoshocth pasBsrifl Tail's soiOToro npoH3BOACTB& 
HecpaBseHHO bi 6ojrBmeu%» npoTHBy HUsiinHflro pasMtpi*. MypaBBOB'K 
HeMej^eHHO ornpaBiurb PaaraiBAi^eBa bb HepqHHCRiH oEpyrB ci» npH- 
KasaHieMi ocmotpItb poscune, OTRpuTBia no pi^RauB Rapt h Bara^^ 
TeRyiaHirB wb p. HXfluiRy, h wb ApyrnxB MicraxB. Bt» kohi^ napia 
Toro me rojifi, PasrajiLAteBB aohbcb, ?to iiicTHOCTB no Ty oroposy 
JIOioHHaro ipefira 6oraTa bojotomb, ^o MicToposAesifl ocHOTptHHoft 

RWb EapittCEOft CHCTeMil HOD^HU E OChJIBHU SOJOTOITB, BOAOK) H jA" 

COMB a cyiflTB 3a6atRaji[BCR0My Rpaio BeiBRyx) 6yAyniH0CTB, ^to bocb 
jriBui 6eperB p. IUhjirh ori cjioGoau KyeHFCRot ao pt^Rn rop6Hi^£i, 
Ha nporasoHiE 210 BepcTB, sojiOTOHOceHB, h tto BBnepBHSse ro^B 
OBoet cjiysSu, ocjih eiry 6y;^eTB a^ho AocraTO^Hoe ROiBnieoTBO JOOAot, 
jioma^efi, icamBHB h Bcero Heo6xoAHMaro jifia ropHUXB pafioxB, offK 
Ha^'beTca jsfiQurb otb 100 pf) 125 nyAOBB sojiora. HysHO saMiTBiB, 
^TO MypaBLOBy bto o6iniaHie 6ujlo oco6eHHo RoraiH, xaRB RaRB Rasia 
He Morjia AaTB bb to speMa AOCTaio^Ho cpeACiBB ]S,Jta. ero npejo^npiflTia 
Ha AMyp'b. 

no seiaHin MypaBBOBa, PaBrHJiBffleBB bb inni^ 1849 r. 6ujib na- 

dHaqOHB ynpaBIflDD^HMB HepqilHCRHIIH BOjIOTHMH npouBiciaMH £ He- 

Hocpei^cTBeHHo noA^HHeHB euy^ a He Ha^aiBBHRy Hop^iehcrexb saBO- 
jKOBB. PaarHJiBAieBB o6BflBHiB, ^TO eiiy nysno 3000 MacxepoBBix'B. 
06Bt8safl pasHUfl ropHua cejtemfl HepwHCRaro ORpyra, osb npon3- 
HocHJiB pi?H, BoafiyAHJiB oxoiy pa6oTaTB na KapiftcRHXB npoMlicjiaxB^ 
H, RpoMi Toro; noxpeCoBaJiB, qiofiBi, OMy jifitM Gozie 600 RaiopsEBixB. 
Kb ocohh 1850 r., no cJiOBaMB K). E[. daxBanBAa, paBCRasuBaBniaro 
HaHB 9T0, 6UJ10 HaHUTO OROio 60 ny;^. sojiOTa. PasniJiBA'&eBB ybxajTB 
BB neTep6yprB, vjii lovjifik HaxoAHJca MypaBBOBB, npHRasaBB npo- 
AOJisaTB paCoTU. Mes^y Ti^uB, xenjuxB hejuhh^b ne fiiuio, Maciepo- 
BEie He hm^jih h SHMHaro njiaTBH. HacRopo nocTpoEJia Tenjiua npo- 
MUBajBHH; TaRB RaRB OHt nepenojiHflJiHCB napoMB, to pafiotaTB fb. 

HEXB 6WL0 OqeHB THSOJIO. Ha^ajlHCB dOJliSHH, TH^B BCO 6o3Lie ycH- 

juiBaicfl. Jlasapexii 6ujle TaRB rbcHM, ^o 6oja>Bue jresasH He tojibro 

Ha RpOBBTflXB, HO Ha HOJiy HeaRAy RpOBaTHUH H nOAB RpOBaTHMH. 

GrbHU 6ojn>HHi^B TaRB njioxo san^nmajiH oti* nojLOjsfik, wro Bojoca 6021b- 

HHXB, RpOBaTH ROTOpUXB GTOflJIH OROJEO OROHB, npHHOpdaAH RB nO^O- 

ROHHHRy. dfixBajiBAB coB^TOBajTB Houon^HHRy PasrHJBA'&eBa pacnycTHTB 
ROMaHAy, HO TOTB He pimHJicfl. A^aK anaTB bb HpRyrcRB; npiixai'B 
Bpaqe6Huft HHcaeRTopB^ npo6tsai'B no JiasapeTaMB h ohhtb ybxajiB. 
CMepxHOCTB cTaaa pfi Toro ycEiHaaTBCH, tto e^Ba ycniBam xopoHHTB. 
HaAB HsroTOBieHieMB rpoOoBB nooroaHHO pafioxajio 12 hjiothhrobb; 
sapuBaTB npBxoAHJiooB He oco6eHHO rjy60R0 (h otb btofo, BnocjiiA- 



H31 HCTOPIH OBflSATEffBHArO POPHATO TPY^* 282^* 

CTBiH, Ha^aiacB CH6HpcRafl flSBa). Tpynu cBajiHBa^HCB pfl noxopoHi 
6631) pa36opa, ho oojrAaiu Hd'BflBHjH sejiaaie xopoHHTB cbohxi (tb 6a- 
pa6aHHBiHT> 606111; npnxoAHjrocB BHTacKHeaTB nayAaqy JH)6oft xpyiTB h 
xopoHHTB no BoeHHOMy. Ha npoMucjuaxi, no cioBaMi dfixBajiBAa, 
yjiepjio orB xa^a oeoio 1000 qej.-, cROJibRo uotrCho :Ha nyTH, soPAa. 
pacnycTHJin KOManAy^ HOBSBioTHO *), 

no cjioBaiii A- H. 3aBaji0niHHa, «JiHmeHHfi[6 oo6cTBeHHaro KpoBa, 
upHPHaHHHe Bi cypoBoe bpomh po^a Tyi^a, p;^^ a^a hexi nnqepo ne 
6iU[0 nperOTOBjeHo, BUHysAeHHue sbtb vl seiiiflHRax'B, bkputsx'b 
Bi Hepsioft seMjrb, JK)An noABoprajncB Bcbwb nocjiiACTsuiirB POioAa 
H xojioAa: pasBHACfl cnjiBHuft noBaiBHud th^i, yHecmid cjiHmROU'B 
1000 H6I. £31 canapo lyqmaro SAopoBaro Hacej[eHifl> **). IIo cuio- 
BaMi C. B. MaRCHVOBa, na^ Kapi norfl6jio bi 1850 r. 6ojLie 1000 qei- 

BI» OAHBt POAT* ***). 

PasrnjiBA'beB'B cByMiJTB o6paTHTB b'b cbod noiBsy A&se ary cMepr- 
HOCTB, cocjiaBmHCB Ha Hee, RaRi na npHqeey BeAOMBiBRH sojiCTa: b'b 
OAHOui nsT, AOHecesift (otb 23 anptjifl 1851 p) ohi> nHcajpb 
MypaBBeBy: «B03BpaTacB hbi neTep6yppa sa KapificRie sojiOTue npo- 
MBECJiBi, a Kh cosajii^HiiD Hamejii, qro paSoqaa ROManAa na 3AtmHHX'B 
npoMucjiax'B, nooiHrHyrafl bo BpeMfl SHtfu anHAeirH^ecROK) Tfl$o3HOio 
ropa^ROH), noTopfljia mhopo chjib, BOJi'bACTBie qepo h shmhIh npoMHc- 
JioBUfl 'pa6oTii 6hiJiE 8HaH2T6JiBH0 0GJia6jfl[eHBi»« no CHixt Ha 1851 p. 
Ha Ao6uqy 110 nyA. sojioxa HcqHCJieHO pa6o^HX'B ex npHOMaxpHBan- 
niniiH 3a hhmh — 4560 ^eji., €c^ aadoMHcenieMz uxh eh KpyiMnH %odh, Bv 
HacxoAniee BpeMH cqHxaexca Ha npouucjiai^ ao 3478 ^eji.» C^iAo- 
BaxeJiBHO y6iijio 1082 poaobuxi pa6oxHHROB'B ****). 

A. SaBajEHmHH'B POBopHxr*, ^xo URi^'b na KapiMcRHXi doiornrB 
npoHHCJiaxii <(^lj!ajicfl, no noKasjiBiio caMOPO 3a6afiRajrBCRapo Boen* 
Haro py6epHaxopa no^H nocxoHHHuii'BflBjreHieMB* "*****). ^pypon 6o- 
jitSHBi), cBHplncxBOBaBmei) na HepuHCRHx^ npoMHCjrax'B, 6Bua 
i^£iiHPa. Bi iDJii 1850 p. MypaBBOBi* nHcaii OAHOuy juii^y: <fl noHH- 



*) B. A. Mhjuothh'b B'b cBOHzii BocnoMHHaHiflX'b MypaBbeB'b TaKJse roBO- 
pBTB, mo 6EacTpoe yBeJineHie fifl6hmis soaoTa <AOCTHra]ioci> i^'^hoid TUcaqH 
SHSHeft, norM6iiiiz'b OTib sapa if HCTomeHifl>. cHct. Bi&OT.> 1888, t. XXXIV, 
317. 

**) «PycoK. CTap.> 1881, t. XXXn, 82. 

»**) <Ch6hpb h KaTopra>, m, 359. 

****y Ho o4)4>Hi^i&J3^uu>ii> B^AOHocTflM'B ^MCJTb 6oABHiiirB H yMepnnfxii, c% 

ceHTfl6pji 1850 H no Mafi 1851 r. BKJnoqHTeiLHO yMepno ^flfbch Bcero 473 ves., 

a DO < B'^AOMOCTflU'L ^eBBuvaflHHXii npOHCinecTBUiz'ii> c% ORTflGpfl 1850 no 

xaprb 1851 r. BsnioiinTejiaHO 650 qeJiOB'bR'b. Ileppafl, MeHbmafl, uH<|^pa npe^- 

GTaBXJieT'B, B'bpOBTHO, ^IHCJIO JHepiiraZ'b iraCTepOBUZ'B ("cDBSBBZI* ^BBOBl*), a 

BTOpafl o6ii;ee vecjio yifepmHz% na Rap-fe. I(E(I)pa sTa, o^eBHAHO, MeH'be j^ift- 
cTBHTeibHOfi. noTepCyprcKlfl o(I)(t)Hi^iasLHUJi c4)epu OTHecjiBCb ri> crpamHoft 
cMepTHocTH Ha Kapi jiobojoho paBHOxyniHo: ;^BpeRTOp'B jienapTaHeHra ropHuz'b 

H COlBBUZlk A'^'B MBHilCTepCTBa iflHHaHCOBli noTpedOBaJTb TOJIBKO CB^tHift o 

Tom, «BaKifl Mibpu npeAnpsHBTH jiflu coKpan^eHlii 60Ji'b8HB>. 
***♦♦) <PyccK. CTap.» 1881 r., t. XXXn, 100. 



284 P7CCR0B BOriLTCTBO. 

Man, HTO BacB AOJisHa 6iura tpohjtb KapTHHa huetk Ha Kapi, h9 
BU 6Kurv HveHHO Bi TO BpeMa, sorAa OHa HaHCojrle pasBHiracB; b% 
iK)jiri^ oChkhobohho OBHpincTBO efl npeKpamaercs e Ha^BHaeToa ohhtk 
iyh paHHefi bochu; npHveirB npoTHB'B Hea pimirrejiBHUfl Mipu». Ho,' 

KBX.'b BH^HO, VbpU 6UJIE HOJ^OOTaTOTOO SHeprflqEUf, THKl RaRi 23 

anpiifl 1851 r. Pa3rHj[BA'6eB'B HHcajTB MypaBBOBj, ^ro ^nascAoroAHo 
roonoACTBjerb Ha KapiftoKsxi upomicjrax'B cb HacrynjieHieMii bochu 
cKop6yrB, RoropuS xoTa h ofiHapyxHicfl 8;!rbGB BiHaeroflu^ee spexfl, 
HO Ki c^acTis) ^HCJia OAepxHMiixi i^EinroTHOio 6oii3HBD BvtBi ropasAo 
MBHie npoTEB-B iiponieAiiiaro roji[a». 

B'B Ha^ajit jrbTa 1851 r. Hep^HHCKie saBOAU noc^THii* MypaBBevB, 
H PasrnjrBAflOB'B yirljrB nosasaTB Tosapi jthi^ou'b: ho Aapou'B 8HaBmi6 
«ro JDOAH HasuBaDTB ero ^oRyoHHROH'B H ipapiaTaHOiTB. HaBCTpftqy 
MypaBBOBy Ha lUHJiRy Bi caieHie niHjiRHHCRoe ohi Buoiajii r. 3ftx- 
BaiB^a. MypaBBCBi npHHHJUB ero Ha fiapst bb coopyaceHHOMi Ha He& 
AOMHKb, noApo6HO pascaparnHBajTB ero h cRasaiB, ^to na ApyroS aohb 
yrpoiTB Cy^eTB vh ycTB-Rapi. PasrHJiBA'beFB BuixaJic'B na Borpt^y 
renepai'B-ryGepHaTopy B'B noraott napaAHoft ^pnt h, saBHA^Bi cy^Ho, 
Ha ROTopOMi MypaBBOBi enie cnaii (fiBuo oroio 6 ^ac. yrpa), BB-i- 
xajTB BepiOMi B'B Bo^y, 'RaRi* 6u ropfl neTepn'lHieirB h ycepAieHiy h 
coBopmeHHO npoiioR'B, noRa ne no^ajiH cb 6apRH xoffRy. MypasBeBy 
^TO o^OHB noHpaBHJiocB. K'B HpitsAy ero 6ujih noorpoenu h itiRpa* 
menii orpouHBiH SAaHia RasapM'B h jrasaperoBB^ no^xi ROropHxi B'B 
Ho^B HaRanyHi upi'bSAa 6uih BOTRHyTBi cpy6iieHHUfl fiepesRE. My- 
paBBeFB, HysAftBimtcfl bi AOHBrax'B na aHypcRoe a^^io, roBapsBajTB 
BHocjitACTBiH Pa3rHjn»AteBi: <a BceTaRs owb noAAopsHBai'B ueHH>. 

noctTHB'B HepqEHCRie sojioTiie npoHUciH bhmod 1852 — 53 r., 
OsepcRifi Eainej[«B, hto vb BepxHe-KapiftoRorB rooQErait oAepsEMtie 
HaROSHUME eOJltSHflME, yMajEBmeHHtie H aceHn^HHH OOAOpiRaTCE b^ 
OAHOft najiart cb APyrEME fiOJIBEHME. ]i^ l^UHrOTHUXli cqHTaiE 6o- 

JEte nojiessoK) HOiiOHHyx) nnmyy ho B'B EcxoAt bembi, RorAa pasBE- 
Baercfl i^uHra, hojeoro h& BcerAa mofjie saroTOBSTB. OsepcRit oqfliai'B 
noiesHuui nonpo6oBaTB saifiHETB ero oepi^eM'B, t. e. RBameHBiirB 
MOJiORoirB, ROTopoe B'B GoJEBmoiTB ROjE^ocTBi npEroTOBJUiJiocB 6ypfl- 
TaMH *). OsepcRiit o6paTfljrB TaRse oco6eHHoe BHEMaEie MlcTHaro na- 
^ajiBCTBa Ha to, ^to TaMomHijft Rpaft, npoHSBOAflniift ARHopaoTysiitt 
JiyR'B H MaHrHpi hie ^epeMmy, a TaRse T0ij6EUj h fipycHHRy, ao- 
cTaBJifleTB BecBMa cejibhue ecrecTBeHHtifl opeACTBa au 6opb6h cb 
i^ikrofi, o6uRHOBeHHo pasBEBSDiaeficfl B'B ^OBpajit H uapTi, H noTOMy 
HysHo OTapaTBca saroTOBETB ex'b saR'B uosho fiojiie au ynoTpefiie- 

B% TlOpBMaX'B H rOCHHTaiflXl. OsepCRit HOCTaBEJTB MiCTHOMy Ha?aj[B- 



*) cBen^ecTBO bto,— roBopHTi OsepcKifl— nozose na Tsopon, yAo6onepe- 
sapBMO H, paBBOAeHHoe B^b BOA'b e npsHBiiaeEoe BayTpb^ sasi yB'bpaioT'b, npo- 
asBOAHTB cnacBTBjntHoe A-bftoTBie*. Upiodp'bTeHie cepua e AOOTaBRa Ha Kapj 
•cHe o6peMeHaT% rocnHTaTLHaro zo8jdlcTBa>. 



m% HGTOPm OBASATEJIBHArO rOPHAfO Tpy^^ 28 S 

eiBj Ha BHAii, ^0 HeyAo6cTBo, BHSBaHsoe HejposaeM'B Wb to Bpesffl 
RanycTu, lerso 6hjio ao HiKoiopoS crenoHH ycTpanHiB sthmh jt^eme- 

BUUH CpOAOTBaMH^ tJifiR c6opa SOTOpSIXl MOSHO 6UJIO-6iI nOCUTb 

soBH^HHi H noApocTKOBi>. MypaBBeB'b apeAnncajrb HcnojKHHTb Bci 
8TH yKasaHifl OaepcRaro, a Ha BepxHe-KapificKOMi npoMHOJii ota^- 

XBTB 60JIBHHX^ HaROSHKMH fiOliSHHMH 0TB yifaJlHmeHHKEX'B, SOHHlllH'B 

se conepsaTB coBepmeHHO ota^jibho otb MyswHi wh ocoSott na- 
aarfe ♦). 

B% SaSOlTB HeyAOBJieTBOpHTeJIBHOirB COCTOHHiH naXOAEJLBCB HiKO- 

Tupse KapificKie rooHHTau, BEji^ao h3i oj[iAyK)n^aro npeAQHcaHifl otb^ 
7 c6HTB6pfl 1853 r.: OKasajiocB, mx> na ycTB-Kapi «6ojiBHBie TaMom- 
Hflro roooHTaJiH noHi^eHH 6kuih hoai* HenoKpuTsiirB KpoBieio SAameMi, 
oTii ^ero OTB 6uBmaro bi toti» a^hb Aomjsfi ho toibko noiu, ho h 
caifUfl noGTeiH Cujeh nponiTaHU boaoio ao TOro, ?to iidah npn bcbacb 
ojiafioMx Bxi ooJoseHiH ho bi coeroflHiH fisjiE fioi'be Tarn* ocraBancA 
H Vb 0£ipoe nosAHee BpoHfl npH^ysAenu 6bu[h HaxoAHTBoa Ha KpiUBi^t 
rooiTBTajui». 3a 8to HonpaBJiflion^euy aoishogtb Ha^aiBHHU Hep- 
^HHCEBX'B saBOAOB'B, PasPHJU^'beBy, 6hUL0 CAiiiaHO cTpopoe saMt^ame 
H npeAHHoaHo hphhatb 6e30TJioraTejiBHo Mipu jtb ycTpaHeniK) iiOAoO- 
Haro 663nopflARa, noABeprEyBi bhhobhux^ saROHHOMy BSUoRaniK). 

OrHOCHTejiBHO mROABHapo A'^ft Ha 30jiotuxi» npoMuojiaxx, iiu 
saaeMi tojibro, hto bi» 1853 r. MypaBBOBi npsRasajTB nepoHecTii 
RapiScByx) mnojiy na ERaTopHHO-HHROiaeBCRifi npoiuKU'B h cHa6AHTB 
66 yqeOHUHH nooo61fljiH. 

npH noctii^6HiH Hep^HHORHX'B npoMHCJiOBi Bi 1852 p. OsepcRift 
oCpaTHJH BHHHaHio Ha HaRQHjieHie aojipobi sa MacrepoBHMH u 

6OI1IJIBHO RaTOpSHBlMH. Owb HamaA'B, ^TO A0Iiyn(6Hi6 HOBlIXIb BUAft^'b^ 

Vb AOATb 3a BKiAaBaeuiie B6mH h npHnaou h bi to s6 Bp6Hfl bu- 

^ertl AAI QORpUTiA npeSHHX'B AOJEPOBI «00CTaBIflK>TB HCTOTOHRl MHO- 

po^BCiieHHoS n6p6iiHCRH, 8iOHaMip6HHuxi> H H6yM£unieHHUx'B 0]iih6ori > . 
Ho owb nojrapaii, tto 6uj[0 6u npaaHiBHie paoxoAonaTB na coAep- 
sanio ROxaHAU Bce na He6 OTiiyoRaeMoe, BocapeTHB^ Aonyn^eBid 
HOBUX'B AoiPOBi, RpoMft cjij^MVb RpaflH6ll Heo6xoAHUocTH, Hanp. 

CHa6seHifl 0A6SA0K) npHB03HUB[X'B MJHE BOSBpamaDH^HXCfl 6iU6I].0Bli, 

R0T0p£i6 HBJUiXBeB HasaAi Ha npoMucju HeptAKO HaPHiiH. ^oira 

CCilJIBHO-RaTOpSHUX'B ' pacnpdA'&JIHJIHCB B6CBlfO H6paBHO]lipH0: HpH 
OABBBKOBOfi npOAOJrSBTOJIBHOOTH npe6BlBaHifl B% TDpBUi, OAHH COBCtU'B 

He HH'biH jm, Apyne 6uj[e hhh RpajBHe o6peH6He)^u, vro OsepcRift 
CTaBBii B'B saBHCHHOCTB OTB 6ojAe Hj[H H6Hie 6epexjuBaro HomeHUi 



*) OsepcKift Hamefli* Tasse, vto OAsoro Bpava Ha KapiftcsHX'B npoMucjiaz'b 
HeAOCTaTOVHO H qTo HysHO coAepsaTb TaMrb no BpaftHeft vl^pl^ Jisyxi MeAa- 
KOBHb, EVb xoTopHn OAHOny saB^ABiBaTb HHBHe-KapiflcKSMH H VcTb-Sapift- 
esHMH rociUTaJUMH H OTAtaeHiAMH, a ApyroMy noAVHHHTb rocnHrajiH aa BepzHe- 
KapiicRom npoxHCit h naAaopi aa OTA&ieHifljui vb JlyHsaHSiiHCsoirB s £ara- 
^iHHcsoM'B npoHUCjiaxik. MypaBiveBi BGo/bj^fiTBie btofo npHBaeaii OTnpaBHTb Ha 
He p^BBcxia sasoAH Tpezi uefifOLOWb. 



286 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

ojifijRflji. RofajifiK-b noij^eHiji oabsah 6usi> raROfi: sasJiDqeHHue 
eaflBJifliH cBOHrL, acejiaHiflxt TiopeHHOuy cHOTpnTejiD,' ROTopiitt sa- 
^Bpajn B6mH y KOuUHCcapa ji^na pas^a^H nxrb na pfKH. Co bctj- 
njieflifl Bi> AOJiHCHocTB PasrHJiLAibeBa 6ujK£ saBexeHU neqaTHue flpjoiSH, 
BUAasaBiniecfl sa pyRn Kas^OMy apecrasTy, h bi hhx'b oTMiqaiacb 

BdflTHfl Ben^E H CTOHHOCTB BX'B *). ^Jlfl nOKpHTifl HtKOTOpUX'b J^OJLTOVh 

OaepcKift npeAiiosHJii> BuoujuaTB apTeJBMH saAOJsaBinHxi ccujulho- 
KaiopsHuxi H 8aB0A(*KHX^ cjiysHTejiefi ABa pasa wh iitcfli^T no boc- 
speceBSBH'B £ npasAHBEaMi Ha cTapaxeJibCRUi seMjaaufl pa6oTu cb 
njiaTon, HaaHa^eHHOX) sa bojibhua pa6oT£7, h yAepacBBaTB dTo BOSHa- 
rpasAOBie bi cqerB AOJira. Oh^ nojuarajn, ^to aaHBTia pa6oTaMH B'b 
ABa npasAHHqHHXi ]Sfi& wb u^car^-b bo 6yAeri» js^b hbx'b HSHypoTejibHo. 
npH paseopi ^acTBUXT) sssjioGi OsepcKii HaIDeJl^, rto HapocTaaie 
AOJiroBi He noA^BHeHO CTporouy kobtpojih) h AonycKaeTCB no npo- 
HBBOJiiHuxi paSMtpoBi, npB qeMi GyBaiorB h sjioynoTpefijieHifl: TaKi> 
Ha BtROTopiixii apecraETCBB sflOBCUBaurt bb c^ctl AOJira bm^cto 
OABOtt — HtcKOJiBKo iBHHejiet HiiH Ao 70 apm. xojicTa sa py6amRB, bu- 
ABDrb Aa6y fpoA^ xoicTa) i;1>jiumh RycRanH, OTaycRaioTB Hecopasiitp- 
fioe ^Bcjro pyRaBHKi, ^HpROBi h npo^. ^Jifl yHH>iToxeHifl sjioynoTpe- 
6ieHift OBepcRiB Bameji'b HysBIl]M^ bt. nepau^ paGoiift A^Hb nocjit 
Haqajia Ra«A&ro H'j^caaa, do OROflqaaiB AeaesHaro padc^era, o6^flBJUiTb 
BOJbHOH ROMaHAt ^opesi HaA3BpaTeji[efi, a saEJuo^eBBUMi bi TJopbMaxi. 
repeal cxapocTi o cocTOBI^eH^ na rbsaomi AOJorb, n cMOTpHTeJiH 
AOJiSHU 6ujiH pa360paTb DpeA'bBBJifleMUfl npn 8tomi> acajio6£i. Hsii- 
aBBBi> neyAOBOJibCTbie sa A^nynieHie AOiiros^ sa ccujibHo RaTopacBUMH, 
M;paBbeBb 0A06pBJii> npejjoxeaie OaepcRaro (uesAy Dpo^HJfb h 
npBByAHTejirbByK) nocBiJiRy pa6oqHx^ aa crapaTaibcRifl pa6oTH} h npH- 
sasajii PaarBjBibA'ikeBy BCuoJBBTb bxi. 

TflsecTb pa6oTb Ha sojotuxi npoifuciax'b BuauBaja no6'lrH iyb 
fiflxii, oco6eHHO ccujibHO-RaTupacHUXB. TaRb B'b Teqeaie 1858 r. co 
Bctxi sojiOTUx'b npoHUCJioB'b Uep'iHHCRaro ORpyra CbsaJio BasoACRBX-b 
cjiysBTejoefi 77 (4,6% Bcero bxi ^bcjob), ccujibHO-RaTopsBUX'b 488 
{AO 24%) H «ccb]Jibflbixi soHORi^ 14 (10%) HsB Bc:fexi 6tsaB- 
mfixob noBuaHo Cujio 28% Bi BBBtcTBOfi naHb ntcat cRaaaHO, ^to 
saRi TOJibRO PaarfljKbA'feeBi crajs'b nepeBOAHTb MacTepOBbixi aa Kapy: 

^Cb KyTOwapH, ARaryA, 
^Bnib 6\iY 3Ty nonyji, 

MHoro paaOtriocb*'. 

A Ha Kapi HcecTORocTH OAaoro HaAaBpaTOifl, ^acTO HaRaauBaB- 
maro paCoHHX'b nierbMB, npaaoABJiB k% Tony, hto 



*] BscAeHle iipiiHROB'B, no csHA'^TejiLCTBy OsepcRaro, yBH^iTOSHio UHoro 
«6e8no}.fl;;KOBi> H 8JioynoTpe6jieHifl>, ho obi sameji'b, hto 6uao 6hi nojtesHO 
npBKasaTi* BOMUHCcapaMi BUAaBaTb TiopeMHUMi> BaASHpaTejiuMi* nen^H a^h pas- 
AavH ROJiOAUHRaMii H6 UBaiie, RaRi> ci> paap'bnieaiA npoMfai&:ioBUZi> CMOTpHTejiefl, 

« Tb A0A3KHU 6uilH yAOCTOB'IkpiiTbCJ], A^flCTBHT6JII>B0 JIU HySUU BTE BeB^H, A 

CTporo Ha6juoAaT&, vro6u oh^ ho Enlum RaBoro jib6o Huoro ynoTpe6j[eHUi. 



m'h HGTOPIH OBA8ATEJILHArO rOFHAFO TP7AA. 287 

„Orb TaRofi ero 7XBai;^H 
Eixai'B B'b Gonsy 609% ovjlsl^e 
Pa6oHifi Hapo;^l". 

no6irH 6UBMK omdBh ^acro, HecMOrpfl na to, hto sa Tpe jpm 
wopH4Hoi H noejAjijiomflTb oxjij^eKii KaseHSiie MacrepoBHe npoAa- 
BajuHCB BoeHHOMj cjAj H noABepraJiBCB saKaaaBiK), KOTopoe bhochiocb 
Bi ^opHjurpi.. Pa8T> HaKasaHHufi mnHi^pyTeHOMi HaBcerAa iHinaicfl 
npaBa aa jBOJibHeHie on pa6oTb, Ror^a »e 6u2li> HasHa^eH^ cpoR'b 
cjiysfiH, TO H no Bucjiyrb jArb ho nojiyqaji'B noHcioHa. OsepcRifi na- 
ineJiT>, ^TO <no6b^oB^, AOCTofiHuxi*. BoeHHaro cjAa no npoAOJUKHieJiB- 
HOCTH BpeMeHH, u6 AaJiBHift OTJijwb, no Bulmw ^aiBniHBUX'B bh- 
AOBi> H no ApyrHMi npecTynieHiflifB, BecBMa HOMHoro; ohh ^acTBi 

HeSAy CCUJIBHO-RaTOpSHUMH, UOSAy CiySBTOJUIMH OHH ptA^H, ntJIB 

noCira nocAiABBXi* — otauxi h 6poAflsecTBO». OsepcRifl npexJiosu^ 
CMar^BTB HaRasasie h wb bha^ onuTa aobbojihtb sa He^tjiBHyi) oTiy^y 
MacTepoBux'B He oT^aBaTB hxi noAi> cyAi^f a npHRasuBaxB HifB sapa- 
eoTUBaxB nporyjiLHue ahh bi npasAHHRH cb coAepsaHieiTB ao orpa- 
^OTKH noA:b apeoTOMx; ecjiu se cpoRi oTJiyHsa ho Bume Tpexi ho- 
A'biiB, ccaxaTB BHHOBHaro fiesob cyAa noAi apecTi, sacTaBHXB BOSHa* 
rpaABTB Bpeufl nporyjia npasAHB^Hofi OTpa6oTRofi h npoH3BOAHTB bi 
upHMlpi ApyrHui <nojiHi;eficRoe B3HCRaHie» (T.-e. rbiecHoe naRa- 
sanie) no ycTaBy. B-b qaojit Apyrnxi npeAJOsenifi OaepcRaro My- 
paBBeBi> FB AOHeceniH MBBHcrpy ^HsaHcoBi npnsHajii h sto nojLOs- 

BUMl, HO, nOBBABMOMy, HO HamOJl'B BOSMOSHUMl npflMO npOCHTB 

wo npHHflTiH: o^obbaho ohx nouraji'L, ^to TaRaa Mlpa AOJUsna 6utb 
npHHBTa He aAHHBHCTpaTHBHEiMii, a saROHOAaTenBHumi nyieiiii, a 
^uth uoxeTB 0Hi» pyROBOAHjcfl npH STOU'B E rhiii coo6pas6HieM'B, 
^To HO aaAOJLro ao Toro npeACTaBHjn> opoeRrb nojuosenifl jvul ynpaB- 
jieHifl Hep^BHCRHME daeoAaME, pa^ xaRie oiy^aH mofjeh 6utb npoAy- 

CMOrp'bHEI. 

He orpaHEUBaflCB naccHBHuui npoTecTOUi Bi . ^opiii 6trcTBa, 
pa6oqie aa bojiotkixi npoMucjiax'B He OTCTynaiH HHorAa h npoAi* 

yeiSCTBOlTB JIHI^'B 0006eHH0 HMl HeEaBECTHUXl). 

^a H He MyApeHo: npiHCROBue nopHAKE mofjih AOBecTH ao pas* 
^paxeBifl caMuxib TepaijiBBuxi jidaoS. ropHue qaHs cocraBBJE 
€e6t TaiyD penyxauiK), qro, no cjiOBaifb B« A. MsiiiDTHHa, MypaBbOB'b 

^CB 0C06eHHHM'B HeAOBipieMl OTHOCHJICfl Rl ropHOMy BtAOMCTSy BO- 

oGme, a vh RafiHneTCROMy bi oco6eHflocTH... ropHui o$Ei^epi» hjie 

HBHOBflHRl», Bl RaROMT» 6U ^EWh OHl HE 6UJrB, H6 HM'&jII EpaBa HO- 

AoftxH Wb BanirepAy> (AJifl py^Hoft npoMUBRH aoiOTa) <e BsrjiflHyTB 
Ha npo6soe sojuoto, ^to6u ero se conpoBosAaJi'B Easanift ypaAHHRi, 
sa jLE^k Koero hcso BupasaJiocB: <xotb tu h o^Bi^ep'b, a BceraRE 
npE^acieB'b HSBicTHoS sanoB'bAH» *). Ho npEMipy Bucmsxi ueob'b 



*) <r6Hepaji'b-ry6epHaT0p'& H. H. MypaBbOB'b bi Ch6hph (hb'b BOcnoMH- 
HaHifl B. A. MHjiH)TJiHa)>. cticTop. B«cth.>, 1888 r., t. XXXIV, 353. 



288 PyCGKOB BOFATCTBO. 

He EJiajiH oxyjiKH Ha pjKy h HHsmie, no cjroBaMi nicHH o Pa3rBJu- 
flieBi, ccT. Koro pj6jib — nojiTHHy bbmhi, rkv% «8aAaBaM paCoxy 
wh nojioBHHy>... 

Moserb 6UTB pacnpasa cb noBHHHHHH bi pasHurL dJioynoTpetS^e- 
Hiflxi), onHoasHafl bi> aiot niosi, fifiua nponsBeAeHa no npBKasamio 
MypaBBBBa, sasi pesyjiBiarB ero coficTBeHHHX'B Ha6jiDA6Hifl hjih ji^iA- 
GTBifi Gii^;icTBeHHoil KOUMHCciH, yqpesAOHHOfl Ha Hep^gHCEOiTB sasoAt^ 
9to, Bnpo^eMi, Bnojini cooTBtTOTBOBajio cypoBofi aecheujljilv% He cna- 
caBmeft^ OAHaKO, paeo^Hxi otl ssoynoTpeCjenifi Ha^axBCTBa. Ha Hep- 
nHHCKHxi saBOAaxii H npoKHCiax'L «He bi piAKOGTL» 6UI0 HaBasama 
posraMH HaA3HpaTej[elt pyAHHSoBi, Hapnj^qHKOB'B nsii ynrep'B-inHXTMefi- 
cxepoffb H OTOJioHaqajiBHHSOBi ropHHxi KOHTopx; a ciysamie n ypsA- 
HBKH (HUHi EaHi^ejiflpoKie cjiysHTeiH) nocHJiajiHOB TpyxHTLCH Bi pas- 
P'baax'B HapaBHi ci pa6oqHtf h. Maio Toro^ npn ny6j[HHH0Mi cfiop*! qsHOB- 
HHBOBi H ciysaniHX'B Kb Hep^HHcsoiTL aaBOAi o&b^Bnaiisch oahhitb 
fijiaroAapHocTB, a Apyrflirb nasasaHie cb TaEon o6oTaHOBKox), ^to 
onajiBHBix'B jiHi^'B ipipnjiBHHKH TyTB se caAHJUE Ha fiapafiani h o6pH- 
BaJiH y HEXi rasyHU, soTopHe 6pocaiHCB bi» napo^HO pasjEoaeeHHutt. 
KOCTep'B» *). dro cBHA'bTejiBOTBO noEasuBaerB, qio sapTHHKa, napHoo- 
BaBHaa b% iri^cHi, Moroia 6htb BipHiimb OTpaxeHieM'b a'^ctbh- 

TeiBHOCTE. 

ECAH Ta]£l MaiO I^epeifOHHlHCB Ol paSHUMH ^HHOBEHKaMH HHaA-* 

SHpaTeiauH, to h MacTepoBue noAseprajiHCB KpaflHe secroKHH'B Ha- 
EasaHiHH'B, a ocBMBHo-EaTopsHue, EJiefiMeHHue no TorAanmeMy sa- 
Eony 6yEBaHH C— (Ha OAHoft mesi), 0— (na i6y), if— (nfc Apyrofi 
iiieK'6), qxo osnaqajio — cccuiBHo-KaTopsHuft*, pasyirteTOH buhochjih 
eme tojiie yxacHUfl Eapu, h sxa, oco6eHHo cyposafl, aiHOc^epa Eaxops- 
HBixi TDpoHi AOJnsHa 6iura BpeAHo oTpasaxBCH h Ha, TaEi» nasuBae- 

MUX'B, pa60WX^ cqeCTHarO HHeHHD. 

PasrHJiBAleB'B 6iisjn> o^ohb soctoe^: cjiyqasocB, vro b-b bha'^ npo- 
GTOft aAMHHHcrpaTEBHOft paoHpaBU, owb npHEasuBai'B A&BaTB no 300 
poBorB Fb ABt pyEH. TpoaHO Eapait bhhobhhx'b, ohi> j^ui nyn^aro 
a^^eETa xorbji'B wh Tose Bpejui saaaTBca hhoS paai h MHiocTHBEnrii. 
BoTB qxo paacEaauBaji'B naK^b K). H. 3fiXBaiBAB. OAnaxAU 6wn> 
aaAaH'B HenocHiBHutt ypoEi*, xaE^b qxo EaxopsHHe BoaiiyTHJiHOB. Cmo- 

TpHTeJIB pa60TB HaEaaaJTb lUeTBMH TpOHXl C060TBeHHO]D BiaCTBS), HO 

8THM^ Ai^o He EonqfljiocB. Ha Apyro^ AQHb 6hjih BUBeAeHU Bct 
EaTopsHue, oEpyacenu BoflcEaMH, npeaBaHii naiaqi h xpoe HaEaaan- 
HKX'B 6uj[H en^e paai soctoeo Buctqenu njieTBun, aaEOBanu spy-^ 
roMi, T. e. He tojlbeo no pysaMi h HoraM'B, ho en^e pyEH h hofh 
62IJH coeAHHenu sejrbaHHMH nepeEiaAHHaiiH, laEi qro ohh ne mofjih 
noBepnyTBca, HoinpaBJieHH bi Apyro© Mftcxo. Ho Tyro ase no cnHCEy, . 
npeABapHTOJiBHo cocraBJieHHOMy naAanpaTejierb, PaarHjnbAieBi bu- 



*) Ba%awi€s%. cIlHCBMa b8% DpaapryEBfl*. <C6opHHBi> raseTH Ch6bpb>,t. I^ 
ChC. 1876 r., cTp. 248. 



H81 HCTOPIH OBflSATEJIBHiLrO FOPHATO TPyf^k. 289 

KiHKHyjrb KaiopssBix'B spflirtpHaro noBe;^eHui h BUAan urb na- 
rpa^y fb 26 py6. 

He AapoHi nlcHfl o a^biaxii PasrHiBA'&eBa HavHaerofl Tan: 

„EaKi B'b HexaBBBOCB to lOAaxi, 
fia KapificsHX'B npoioiciax'b 

I^apcTBOBaii HBafli! 
He HBaH'E BacHJBHH'B rposHsfl 
EBxenepB-OTib 6jwb owb topbhA 

PaarHjBA'^eBtib canBl 
B'B HasasaflBe ceio spaa 
Ero ctipocBio CB AjiTaji *) 

Bhabo sa rptxH*' h t. x* 

Dpnipy HaHanflflka ftii^ioBaiH h DOA^HHesHHe: TaKi sa HnxHe- 
KapiflcROU'B npoMHCjii 6£u^ BaAsapaTejiB MoposoB'B^ KoxopHi HMtx'B 
cTBKyi) yxBaTKy: xasjiy sops) EWb ;iecBTKa noA'iBBaTB nj[eTB]iB>, sa 
TO, <^rro noBABO BCTajiBs, bjdb «]iaj!0 cpa6oTajui>, bjsh «Be Taxii 
eTOBTBi. Ea BepiHe-EapificKOMx nponiicai [vb EOJueKAiH cHoipB- 
lejieS fl ycTaBmBECBB, BScCpaaeBBUX'B aBTopoii'B oicBB, CnjL'b BiRii 
IDaOaBKa, jijb Eoicparo bb nicBi ecTecTBOBBCK) pseiioi) oiysHTB 
<6M3aHKa 6aToroBB». Ha HBmHe-KapiflcEOirB npoMHCAi 

BapBOBB mTeftrepoMB c^Braica 
H Be zyse OTjraHaicn 
IlamsB najtana. 

Aa B npOMUCia GMOTpBTeJIB 
IIpeBOCZOABHfi tilUB ny^BTeiB, 

BapBapB, npaBO, 6iub. 
Obb cb 6E^ewb Bcerxa xoxuib, 
BesB nomaAu bmb lynsiB, 

Jto Koro AoftAeTB^ 

8totb €iiepTBHft AOin>» aia saseBBurB HaorepoBBonb npoAep- 
^uxca Ao 1861 r, RorAa ohh noJiy^njiH cBo6oAy otb ofiaaaTeiBHHxrB 
pa6oTB, a jiJUi ccbubbo EaTopssuxi ao Eosi^a 80-x'b toaobb **). 

B. CeMeBCKift. 



•) T. e. c* ypua? 

**) Mh BerptaEUDi BBpovem* yKasaHie, ito m» noea^ABee BpeMs bhobb 
cfiam ynoipe^uTb ccujiBBO-xaTopaBux'i> fiSM pa6orB aa HepiiHHCXBxi» boxo- 
na% npoKUciarB. Cm. <BicTB. 3ojiOTonpoiiuais.> 1895 r. ^ 5, CTp. 90. 

Jt 1. (HKin I. 19 



I 



Bt ffepeBHfe. 



KaKi Bi CRasid, sl xkbj... ^jtb yxpo sapyifflmm 
BepxH cocHOBHXi i^omiby h b'b ORna cojmite Bsrjumen, 
MeHfl yaci Cywrb porB npHsuBHsft naciyxa. 
0, s noRJiflCTBCfl-6'B MOFB, HO no6oflCB rpixa, 

MtO B'B XH8HH He CJOIXaJTB TaKHXl fl SByROB'B CTpaHHHXi: 

Hsi A^TCKHX'B rpes'B ohh h chobi 6jiaroyxaHHUX'B! 
H AOJKTO HyAHHft pon ne ycTaen sBy^aTb. 
Ho MH^, jri^HHBi^) rjiasx He xo^eTCA passaxb; 

Mh% CHHTCfl, VtO KOJIXyHl, SaBHA^Bl CTaHl BpaSA66HUft, 

PacRHHyTBift b6jd[H8h, TpyfiHTb B'B CBoft pon> B0JIine6H£lft... 

Moft A^HB emfi BejiBKi, h MHoro bi neirB ^yseci. 

Bxosy-JiH nojuAHeicB h bi> numHORyxpHBKift ji'bci, 

J^HBHTB iceHH ero TopsecTseHHafl Ayi^a, 

3a icepTBOft THmHHOft BOJina rjryxoro myna... 

A noxi^ Benepi RasB cb^'b 6epedi oausBinHxi jihctbI 

RaRHXi TyrB SByROBi xopi, Becejoift TpecRi e cbhctbI.. 
IIpoTflSHo BxajieRi RyRymRa npoRpH^ajia^ 
npoiuiaRaj[% flCTpe6oKB, lejiira npociynajia.., 
H Borb no npocisi, na'IsseHHuirB nyxeirb, 
TpycHrB c^i pHcn;oft c% nonypuiTB iiysHHRoirB 

HexHTpafl Ha bexi^, MOXHaiaH RJianoHRa. 
SaMOAJKeHi xoA'B rojiocb; Ryprysaa nui^neHRa 
Ci saTUJiRa naAaen bi no^eniH h^moitb 

POAHOft, 3a6UTBlft BHAli, 0H1> RaSOTCa MHi CEOlTBt 

He MyApHft pasroBop'B: Ryxa Aft bto? OTRyAa?.. 

H caiTB ce6i RasycB a ^iiTB-io BpoA% nyAa, — 
CRHTanei^ cyMpaHHHft cb pa86HTOK) JiaABeft, 
06HjiBmIfi BHOBB nopori otihseu Aoporoft, 

FoTOBUft BHOBB JIH)6HTB H B^pHTB Bl I];apCTBO CB^Ta, 

HeqajiBHOfi poAHHi cjiarafl rHUHi npHBiia. 

R. II. 



TpaMOTa H Myaa. 



BuTOBas H cejibCKo-xoaaficTBeHHas oropoHa AepoBeHCRofi 
vb efl oAHOo6pa3HO'GipiiM'B, KaR'B oceHHifl' cyMepsH, ahbitl, OTBieuen 
BHHHaHie on patfoTH caMocosHaHui, soTopaa xota h MOAieHHO, ho no- 
CTynaTejBHo coBepmaeTCfl Bsyrpa orojehi^u. Tojbso noToin>, Ror^a M!a 
pa6oTa npHMOTB ^piiy 6ox&e eak Meicbe ocsraaTeiBHyK), neBOiBHO aa- 
AjHEiBaeinBCfl Ha^^ BonpocoiTL: a^ rto se sapoHui bi stotb, okj- 
TaHHuft MpaRovB HeBisecTBa, cepifiiSHufi cHipii) cnaoHreiBHyx) HCRpy? 
M CHjiy RaRHXi ycjiOBii, RorAa, noBHAHHOky, Bce oiaraiooB Tasi He-* 
6jsaronpiflTHo, Tiijra h pasropajiacB STa cnacHrejBHaa Hcspa? 

IIposffBmH 6ojr&6 a^chte iirh vb aoboibho fiimsRHrB OTEomemHXX 
(TB AepeeeflCRHHH cociAflMH, mhI, rohohho, ho oahtb pasx npEXOAUOOB 
roBopHTB (TB HHHH rpaHorl, y^OHBi. Sflaa Ha 8totb c^erB HHtflie 
Toro Hjur Apyroro oociAAi fl flfi ohx'b nopii onacaicji A^^tb kslub jehCo 

BUBOABI Hail HaROHHBniHXGfl OBbflfkBli^ BO-l-X'B, HOTOHy, ^0 MOH Ha- 

6jiiDAeHiA orpaHHUBaiHGB spyroH'B toxbro mohzi anaROMUXi Rpe- 
orBflHi; BO-2-x'B, SHaa MHtnifl <8a» — sa rpaMOTHOcxb, sa y^oHBe, — a 

CJOnnaJBL'B MH'il^Hifl H <npOTHB7»> (<OJPO 6a20BCTB0» — RaR'B roBopfliH) 

H, Bi S-xir, AJifl HOHfl 6iijni cjiHiiiRou'B oeasatejobHu yssiii, aroHcxHie- 
cKifl nofiysAenifl, aaciaBJUiBmifl BBicRaaziBaTBca <3a» y^OHBO, a hotomj 
HHi RaaajiocB, vro ci yAaienieHi othx'b npi^HHib Horjio HaifiHHTBOH 
H caMoe MHtHie. 

TaR'B OABVB H3l MOHXli AepaBOHORHrB OQCijlfii H6 paa^ BHORaSH- 

BaJi'B Hfii cBoe HeroAOBaHie no noBOAy odn^eoTBeHnaro HHAe^epoHTHSxa 

Rli npOCBlTHTeOBHOft A^TOJIBHOCTH. 

— BpaTB-TO 0% Ha» 6epyTB, — roBopHJTB A^onadft, TaR%. BBan 
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yuTB, He Hxx A^o. 

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caiTB A^Hacift npeAcraBJUurB ao iBARoix)pofi crenenH HCRJoo^eme wn 
ocrajBHOfi cpeAu: ohb ueaRAy obohhh c^nraica uysHROirB yHCTBeH- 
HHHi, He paai tiuBajTB bi IlHTepi e boahjtb ROMaaHii) m crocHo- 
AaMH», HaiasaBHiHUH vb ero Ha6y vb Ra^ecTBi oxothhrobi. Ero ro- 
joGi MorB, TaRHiTB oiSpaaoiTB, HBHTBOfl noaaHMOTBOBaHieici (TB ^ysoro 
Toiooa. SartiTB, y A^nacBH <cio6qa> 6H2a Ryniena nyeroHnca, — a 



2 PyCCSOE BOrATCTBO. 

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sift BJiaAiHifl BHTeKajii la^ui psiji,% o^chb saQyTaHHuxi, 6hjom,ETb. 
no He6oraTOMy KapMaHj, npaBOBUXL ociosneHifi, pasofipaTBCfl h no- 

HflTB CMilOJTB KOTOpHXli BCe aSO, XOTfl HeMHOrO, JSfiL HOMOn 6U CilHl- 

rpaMortft. no Kpattneft iiipi, bi npHojTCTBiH cBoero rpanoTig, to 
cTpanmjiHme, KOTopoe oKpemeno b'b KpeoTBAHCKoirb MipoBoapisin 06- 
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xaHHOTBOHHoe H rtiTL na^o CTpamHoe SHa^eHie. ^TaKHu% ofipasovB 
A^OHaciil wb c^en h;^^ ho Mon. • 

ApyroB npBirtp'B. 

Eas^Hft npzxo;^ Ha misy Moeft coc^a^h HaiajubE conpoBoasAaJLCir 
ssBHHeHiaMH 8a CesnoKoBcTBO n ho oco5eHH0 jrecTHHMH OTSUBavE no 
iflpecy, KOMy to sijiBUb onijj^eTh: 

— BpasHH^aTB, jifi, npEEa3HBaTB— Hxi A^o^ a pefiaTB rpauort 
y^iHTB, — FAi-cra HairB, BpoMJiqEa HtrB. 

Ho onaiB-TaKH y HaTaxBH cBoa saSoTa: . ciawb vh cojcAaTaxi; otb 
efl A^peBHE ^0 Mii3£i BepcTU ^eT£ipe; iipo6isaBmH bto padcronHie, 
Giy^aioGB H B^ oaMyn »apEyx), crpa^HyD nopy h bt> HenpojasHyi) 
rpflSB, crapyxa, BHHHMaa kbx TpanoKi KOHBeprB, coo6ii^ajia o6usho- 
BesHo: 

— Otb 6oj[i3Haro cBoero rpaMOTKy nojcy^HJiH; nysHRy-TO uoeHy 
H6KoaH npHATH, otHTOff. Ho o6e8cyAB, no^nraft-Ka UHi, a a no- 
oji[yxai>. 

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xony Bcix'B BpeoTbHHCKnx'b e coixaTCRHxi «rpaMOTOR%>, HH^ero, KpovA 
Honpomenifl <HaBiii^ HepyniHuaro» poAHieiBCRaro CjiarocioBeHiii s 
HEsafiniExi DOuoHOBi €j[i)6e8Hifiineicy 6paTi^y ^exopy Ky3BUHqy», 
«iii)6e3Htftinefi cecrpEHii AsHi RysBMHHEniHii e t.a. ctb no^pofiHift- 
nraiTB nepeEMeHOBasieMii Bcixi> €jin)6e3HMmHX'B» poactbohsekob'b e^ 
OBoiCTBensEKOBi, HHoro HO 8aKJiK)qajB[00B, ecjis He cqETaxB nocjEiAHeS 
npEHECKE: <a eoAH Bame saHipenie Aonpeasi 6uxo npo^aTB xeJiyinRy, 
TO BtimiHTe 2 pjfijui sa noAveTKEt. Tbwb ne Mdnte npn qreEiH aroro 
HesamiojioBaTaro nodamH, no rpyfioiiy, EspuTony Hopn^EEaME jieqj 
HaTajn»E cKoiBSETBjAEBEreiBHO MflfRift JTfqi, Korxa se qTOEie Aonuo 
«A0 jiKK)6e8HifiniEX'B ooo^eft CTenana GTenanoBEqa, Mehjui Kapno- 
BE^a fl AP-»> Ha riasax^ crapyxs noRaaajLECB cjioBii: 

— HniB, cepAeniHHft, Boixi-TO e cyciATineRib npnnoiiEEjrBl 
TaREiTB otfpaaoiTB e cEicnaTlfi HaraiBE Kb rpavori e msojii, cb 

6H HeroAOBanieiTB na 6paaKHEqaHBe, ohetb Tass Bnojoii noHETSu: 
67AB noffi pyROfi OBoS rpaMOTiS, ne npEmiooB tu m^cetb rpESB qe- 

TEq>6 BOpCTH, a Cl 06paTHIIMB E BCi BOCeUB. CuHOBHflfl €rpaMOTKa» 

npo^ETaiaoB 6u He pasi e ho ab&» AOcraBiEE ne tojtbko BeiBRjD 
paAooTB E86oj[ifim6MyGfl no oojiA&TEKy poaetojibckoiit' cepAiQr> ho «> 
He uaioe yAOBOJiBOTBie no^reHSfinrB «HExainiEME noBJiroEaicE> oycft- 
flaiTB. 

IIoAoCsiixi OTopoHEEsoBi rpaicoTH, Ean A^OHacifi e HaTaiBE^ 



, rPAMOTA S MySA. 3 

3aH6C6H0 vh MOH saM^TKH HO ABa E HB TpH, a FopasAo 6oj[Bme; xiiTb 
He HeHie ajqi neHfl'Boe xe He paspinmjicfl Bonpooi, KaKi AepeBHs 
nocj[iAHHX'B jrbTL bi> bha^ i^aro, co6HpaTeiii»aaHO othoohtgh r% 
j^eHBD? 3a lue^aMH onpomeHHUxi hhok) otopohhhkob'b rpaHoxu 
oioflJTb <Mip'B» — ^Hacoa, rHyn^afl h30 aba bi aohb obok) oiiHHy ne Ha 
npHKjHHux'B cnyoTomaxii, ho na HaAtj^BHEixii noiooax^b, <i[ipB» — 
HH^erOy KpoHi cBoefi osoJIH^H, He BH;(lBini&, iiapeHbKH soToparo ho 
HonaiH Bi coiAaTu, ho nepetinBaiDTcs orojld AOMa h npHToirb ne rl 
Ka^ecTBi Jimn^axi ptOBi, ho saKi caiia ce6a oKjnaiDiii^afl pa6o^afl 
cHJia; ojiOBoiTb/BGa Ta leMHaa, HeB|p[6GTBeHHaii Maooa, HesA7 ROTopot 
H jHeH&eiTb He npoxoAnrb, bhahmo, HHKasHX'B shbbix'b HoriBft h koto- 
pas Bi> oHiy nepBo6iiTHOCTH yoioBii cBoero oy^ecTBOBaniH, Easaioob, 
6£ua 6U BnpaHb onpocHTb: <a hohito naui tboh rpaHOTa?» 

BoTi 8Tott-TO xacei ne naBflaiiBaeirB jeb mu obohxx xh^hutb 
BsriHAOB^ H cHicnaTifi? He npHnncHBaeiTB u hh eft, na ooHOBanui 
oahhouo BHXBa^eHHHX'b ^asTOBi, Toro, ^em ona ne ^w^rh^ Kaio 
Toro, OTB ^ero ona b^ obohxi HeDOBiAs^EEa'B HaMi nomoiaxib or- 
Kpe^HBaeTGfl? XQpomo «o6fl3aTejcbHoe y^eHBe>, h^tb onopa, ho, hah 
vh paapteb cb nosaiaHiflMH MaocBi, He npHAeTOH ih npn noHon^H 
cHQjiBiteicKHX'b ^iHHOBT>» H «]iipi 6j[aropa3yMHoft (rrporocTH> oipu- 
BaTb Ai^Tofi OTB Hxi on^oB^ H, HO cjnymaH riyxoft 6paHH, raaTB vh 
HeHaBHCTHyn niKOJi[y? 



B^ HUHinmeiTb roAy, bi HHOii Apyrnxi soMJieBJiaAiiBiteBi, a no- 
jiyHHjrB npHTJiameHie otb seicoKoft ynpasu Go6paTB bi naici^eHHOirb 
paioHi OBi;^HiH, HutonQH nenoopeACTBeHHoe oTHomeHie vh npeA- 
cTOflnKeiiy paspimemx) msojcuiaro Bonpooa. TaKi, mh aojeshh 6uih 
npoBipHTB: 1) ^HCio A^peBeHL h nooejuoBi nairtqeHHaro paiona, 2) 

^HCJIO ABOpOBl Bl KaSKAOlTb HOOeui H A^POBHi, 3) HHGIO ff^TOfi o6o- 

ero nojia, AOcrnrniHX'B HiKOiLHaro Bospaora otb 8—12 itrB, 4) qn- 

CJIO OyH^eCTByDHpXB HIROIli, 5) BHflCHBTb HH^IOTOfl IH HpaBHJIBHO 

opraHHsoBaHHue ho^huo npinrs a^ a^tbA, iipHxoAflntEXB bbhijcojui 

HSB AaJUbHHXB A^pOBeHB H, eeiH TaSOBUX'B HtTB, TO BaSB UOrfTB 61ITB 

ycrpoenu ohh, 6) naiiiTHTb nynKiH, bb soTopuxB i(b[eooo6pa8Rie 
yorpoHTb mxojiH h t. a- 

A ysaoHo odpaAOBaicH TaRoiiy npHTJianieHiK), oOpaAOBaioa HOTOMy, 

HTO OHO GTaBHXO UeHH JDlIllOirb KB JIHI^ ySO He CB OTAilBHilMH XH^I- 

HOOTHMH, He oi> A^OHacBeMB H HaTaJH^eft h t. Am bo 01 qliofi AepeB- 
HeS, CB KpeorBflHCKHifB fMlpoirbi BO Boeft ero ooBOKynnooTH. ?to-to 
cKaxeTB c^HHKci? YAa^OHB Hjm HeyAa^OHB BiiAerL nxe6HcitHn»? 

npeflwe ^iiTb npHHHTbOfl sa oSbIsab, hh& yse npHmiooB bh- 
ciymaTB (h npn tovb ne OAHaxAK) HoiHie n)Aoft, noBHAHHOvy, xo- 
BoxBHo (Sjoisko eTOflnpmb kb A^P^BHt, HO TbrB He Henfte BeoBMa 
ttenTH^eesH OTHecmnxoa tch ^anmasiu seiccTBa. 9th €OBiAy^io 
jn)AH» yBipaiH, hto uoe seianie oTaTB ni^oxB bb mmbj n BpeoTBHH- 



4 P7CCK0E BOr^TCTBO. 

oKurb <HipoMi>» H oo6pafB ovbji^mB Ha vAffrk, h8% acsBoro hotoh- 
HHsa, He HpHBexerii he ki KaKBM'B pesyjiBTaTaM^ ^o EpemnbHse, 
BO HStiisaHie mKOAhHoU noeuHHOcmu^ 6jjsjn» cKpuBaxB ucio AiTet, 
H iTo 86MCTB0, HB TpoBOxa seuiieBjraA'bJiBi^eBi, HocrynHio 6u ropasAO 
tiuropasyMHie, o6paTHBiDHO& si cTaTHCTH|Cf&, cQ6HpaeM0fi ypHjitHHsaiai 

H BOJIOCTHUMH HHCapfllCH. 

— BoTi eciH Bu 3% BasAoS jD;epeBHi no Be;^epK7 K9Jtquj boabh 
BHcraBHTO) Tor^a xPF^e a^o; o ^en jrojqio (Sjajtb TOUOBaTb «b 

BftHH, — eXHAHH^aXH 3HaT0RH A^peBEH. 

^iio co6BpaiiH CB^inift h ncTapajica odoraBHTb' EaB!B moxho 
npon^e h, sohouo, 6e3i y^aoria KaEHX'B 6u to hh 6wio npoAepxa- 
n^HX'b H HunoHHpyK)iiiHXX BjracTet. IIo BocspeoeHLHKi m npasAHH- 
Bam, EorAa Oojnmaa ^aciB EpeoTBaHi ohahtl no AOHairb, a, 6031 
sy^pa, saxBaTHBmi Koro HH6yAB hsi A'&Tefi, oinpaBiajica vb HBMb- 
qevHBH sapaHie a^P^bhh. IIpHMiTHBmH okoxo toS hjie APF^t h86h 
AByx'B-rpex'B KpeorbaHi, a npocHju'L exb cKJosEaTB Bcixi aohoxo- 
aaoBB, qTo6H noTOJiKOBaTB msojit. HeMeAxeEEo xoe 6flpH)TO ot- 
npaBiajiHCB vb pasEue eosi^u,— a MEEyn ^epesi 15, 20 ueEa yse 
ospysajiH E6 TOJiBEo €CTapHRH> (AOMoxosaeBa), 6a6u, eo e Aofipaa 
noiOBBsa pe6aTHmeR'B. KiEqB <flacqerB eieoxh», beaeho, saAto^i 
aa asBBoe boo Eaceieflie AepeBEE. 

nojiyqEBEiE yTBepAETejiBEuft otb^tb Ea Boirpooi: wb jle orapESK 
Bi c6opil, a coo6n^ajii, qio npiixaJTB roBopETB ob heme, Tjijk e EasB 
jyqme yorpoETB qieojih. 

— niTa-sB, MU roTOBii. Ao6po6 A^o, 6osBe a^o,— oouaeo, b% 
OAEEB rojiocB^ OTBiqaiB CToaBmifi BospyrB Mesa nxoTEoft crtHoi 

SpeCTBflECEift CHipBl. 

BoTB, 8T0f— GEasy, noHCTEst, yMEJHTeiBHoe €MU roTOBu^ Ao6poe 
Aiuro, 6osBe a^o>, sasB AABEOSAaEsufi roAOCB sapOAEaro caaooo- 
raaida, conpoBosAaiB aeEa Ea BceMB nyTs esb AepesEE bb a^P^bei). 

KcraTE, nepeAaMB caH'B no ce6i EeaEaqsTeiBEsift, eo xapaETep- 
HHi $asTB. 3a uqauMB aeAocyrOMB, a ae mofb ynoipefiETB oaho 
E3B BocEpeceEifi fla obiisAB. Bb oy66oTy, saRaaysb cjAjsjv^mjakTO bo- 
ospeceEBE, EO Mat npaxoAETB ABa <CTapEEa> esi AepeBEE T. 

— A MH Te6a bb BOOEpeceEBe noASEAan. Koay e EaAOTB 6iuo 
EOft-EyAa, no cbohmb, sHaqETB, A^JiaMB, — Aoaa ocraJiECB. BaEMi npo- 
jiesB 066a: CesnpHMiHEO th npitA^mB o6b peteTaxB TOisoBaxB. 

JI nosaxtiB, qio noaanpacny 8acTaBEj[% oxeaetb ce6a, o6Bac« 
HEji'B npEHEEy, no^BMy Ee mofb cofipaTBca, e coofin^HjrB, hxo sasTpa 
npi'bAy- MysEEE caajifl manEE e heseo eoeioeejieob. 

— BoTB sa aroMB cnacH6o. A to saoB cyMxiEie bbejio, Eot 
rpftxB? EflqiMB MU oynpoxEBB APyrsxi HenpoBEEEMmEOB, a AdpeBEa 
fiaaia bb cTOposi, cjiobeo orjiameEBaa; y jiDAefi pefiaTa yqaTBca 6y- 
XjTb, a Hama, EaEB mh se rpimaue, fj^Bxaxa pooxE. MysEEM 
fiaOB E nociaxE. IIoxjionoEE, pOAHXiift, h aaHamarBMaiiimet. BteB 
Be 8a6yAeMB. 



rPAMOTA H K73A. 



5 



OaHITB En HepBHTE nyHSTOm MOeft CTaTHCTHKH (O ^HOlt AOMO- 

xosaeFb; inerb o^ohb raa^Ko: bo4 h36h na BH;^y, xoaaeBa— na jnmo; 
Boadya^aeioie cidpovB* Boiipocs nppio othoceugb cb A^y. B'b 
poffi: 

— A BAOBi, y xoeft xoponHHKa cBoa, cqarraTB fiyAeniB? G^irrat. 
Tasi nmnn HanepBO Arpa^eHa MHraeBa npH js^rETb. 

Hjih: BoHa Mffrpifi CienaHOBX y Haoi fioiBmaKOMB, a cb Bsn 
6paTaH% HsaHB CTeaasoBB, a y HeaHa to Tose pefiflTHmsH, icaiB- 
^jTBiscb, Aa j^o^sa, bhuib sasoft myorpiitt (roBopflntifi hb'b Tonai 
peOflTHineRrB SHABHraerB tiiioroiOBaro, sasB KyxeJtB, napesBKa), (Xb 

HRMH Ha SaXHX^-TaKHXB IipaBaZB 6ttTB?^06'BflCHO): ](OtfOX03SHHO]rB 

cqETaiB 6oj[BmaRa JlfivipisL CTenaHOBa, a HsaHOBiixi pefiflTHmen 
sanHmeiTB, Korxa 6yAeirB no^cuTEiBaTB A^Tefi.— dTo xaAHo; HaaHa 
3a6HxaTB He HaAO,— iiysnsi ovb Ao6pHft. 
^ Hm: <A niHffioHKOB'b *) bb ototb siacTB*? — KiaoTB. He sa 
^0 HXi safiHBaTB. — 9to th opaBHiBHO roBopsniB; sa ^yaoft rpix'B 

K!B OTB'^Ty He TflHyTB. 

He ox TaKOH yse riaAKooTBD npoxoAnn offbAT^Q^'' nyHSTB 
iroefi oraTHCTHKH, o ^asb ji^Teft, AOCTHrmnxB msoiBHaro Boapaora. 
HysHKH H 6a6£i ox fiojiBinoft oxotoS, Ha nepepsiBB xpjrB nepexB 

XpyrOMB, A^HJIHCB 00 MHOtt CBOHHH CBt^HiflMH, HO FOpe Bli TOlfB, 
VtO HXB TO CBl;^Hifl rpiniHIH HeDOIHOTOft H 6oxBmofl[ HeyCTOtQ- 
BOCTBIO. A'^O BOTB BB ^eMB: HO HamHlTB SaXOiyCTBHHB HpHHHTO BO- 

CTH o^en rtTB AeoflTKaiiH' €0Ba8iiBaDTB mecTot, ceMott AOCflTOB'b 
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napneiTB na 6ap^^IHy ronain, noAOUTaft-RO okoxbro TOicy foaoitb 
6iuo» hxh: €He na aroTB, a Ha totb nospoBi, spe6itt MHt bukh* 
MaTB, SHauTB, cKOJTBKo MH^ roAOBB?» CHafisaTB xepoBHi) HOTpiKaia 
npHSHaeTOfl nsjiHinHHirb: naqaiBOTBO snaeTB, Korffa ort^yerB napmi 

BSflTB BB COAAft*™, HOHB — ^EOFAa UOXHO 06BiH^aTB S^BKy, a 81- 

TfarB He see xh paBHo 6vl6^ h MysHRy SHaTB, nHTROirB jqfjTMn 
fiojiBine HiH HeHBme nposHByrB ohh na oBtTt: otb hxb SHaHifl 
SH8&B He npntiyAen h He j6jjifiTh. 

BoTb 8Toi*-TO OBoeofipasHoft OHCTeuii npiypo^HBaHiH h npHXOXV* 
xocB qan^e Bcero agps^tboh npH onpeAikieHiH mROiBHaro Bospaora, 
TTO, EOHe^HO, BecBifa saueAJUiJio pa6oTy. 

TaRB, HanpHMipB, a^o aoxoahtb ao AOHOXoasHHa $HiHna Kap- 
HOBa H Boepaora ero AO^epn Archhbh. n^>eHHHacoB cb hofh na 
Hory, jsfk noqecHBafl bb RaTuiRt, MysHRB oaho tbopahtb: 

cSanaKHTOBajTB, npaBociaBHiie; xotb lOxoBy cHHHaikTe— saaaiiH- 

TOBaTB». 



*) Bb Hameft n^THoerH Rpeci&flHKH Oepyn csa rpyxb> (tma h roBopnoa 
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«iniHTOHKaiiH>. Shbttb ohh y cbohx^b BocnHTaxeieft ao nojDsaro eoBepmeH* 
HoxftTia. 



6 PyCCKOB BOFATCTBO. 

''IT0611 noMO^ ropn, npaBOoiaBHHo BEZABHravnrb hs ciiesy $e- 
jnnoBy 6a6y. 

— ^a cKasHBafi, TeTEa MaTpena, csojibso toaeobi^ tbooS AEoiDTsi? 

— A nonrro, ciapEEH^ HHi-ro 8HaTB. Arpa^Hy sauysi Bii^aBaja — 
Kon'b cKasuBajTB no BOcei(HaAii;aTOi[y roAO^icy, BacDTst sTopaa snua no- 
mra, a yanb HacnerB Akcdtkh xoibb no^^ xpeorb seAEre; hsi roio- 

BymSH BHIIULO. 

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zoAHio 611 coBcbiTb njioxo, ecra 6h Ha BHpy^Ey ho HBHiacB co- 
cftxKa, T6Tsa npacKOBBa: 

— nocToft, nocTofl, Marpena. Tu botb mro npnnoiCHH: bi rt 
nopH, KaKi TN AKCDTKy-TO posaia, a Kib Te6% Bi H36y upHnua, 
a Tu KHi TaKOBo-To paAOCTHo 6aHiiib: botb Foono^B Bofb h Aowy, 
It Tejio^Ry nociajTB, dtioroioBxy. 

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h 6'bJiorojiOBKH, BOSCTaHOBueTB Bi namiTH MaxpoHH sapiHEy kh- 
HyBmaro: 

— TaE'B, xaK'B. yTpe^KoiTB fl ARCDTRy poAHia, a Basi ofhh 
sase^B, rpyHH bi V36y fi^sHTB: HaHsa, RiH^erB, neorpyxa ore- 
JDiJiaoB, TOJiO'iEofi, (SiioroJiOBEoft. 3to BipHO. 

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H TeJio^eEii; osasHBaercH, mto necrpyxa bb HUHiniHeirB roAy xoAHxa 
Ha C6ABU0M<B Tejiensft. 

— SHa^iHTB, TBoeft Akcdtk* AocHToft roAOK-B noraojTB, — ^aBTOpH- 
TOTHO paspimaeTB nocxaBjieHHHft Bonpoci xeisa IIpaoEOBBH. Bci eft 
noAAaRHBa]OTi> e OAo6pflX)TB (cbot'b na sasyx) jams> 6a6a BUBexa»). 
MaTpena Tose cot'jiamaeTCfl: 

— ^eCfiTUfl, A^CflTIlfi, BTO BipHO. Ha CaHO CBiTlO-XpHCrOBO- 

BooRpeceHBe neorpyxa oeABuoro npEHecia. TaRi h nponnniEy poAH- 

Hllt: AECDlEb A6CflT£d FOAOE^B. 

OqeHB AOBOJiBHHfl, ^0 cnopHuft Bonpooi CTOn uyApo paspimeffB 
KB o6mfiKj yAOBOJQiGTBiD, o6i TexsE yAajuiJDTOfl vh TOjmy TOBapoRi, 
HO HEHyTN ^epesx ABi MaTpena ohetb BOSBpan^aeTCE. 

— yanb TH mohh rjoynyi) 6a6y ne o6e8cyAB, ho HapoKoiTB a. flio- 
Boi y MOHE necTpyxa toab xoAHxa. Bi rb nopii atp^ki-to not bo% 
jiidi EO HHt: npoAaxB, a& npoAaxB, A^pna ctao spexB. 

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^ieSHJIOAlA neCTpyXE, SHaHETB, ASOlOTKi FOAB CliAieTB HaEEHyXB. 

IIOAo6Hyx) »e pojiB, EaEB pojiB neorpyxE e (JiiorojroBEE no ot- 
HomeBiD Vb Bospaexy Aecdxee, flrpaiE no oxnomeEiK) eb ApyrEm 
AixflHi py6Ea lioa bb xoitb hie Apyroui yponmi^i, nanma xoft uh 
Apyroft nojiocBi e x. a«i ojioboitb, rb co6BiTifl, EoxopsE vb CExy CBoei 
xpynHOcxE ocxaBJUiJH Vb EpecxBEHCEoft naMEXE saviXEuft CJniA'^* 

Bull HxaKot cjryqafi. Jiflmih o^epeAB ao Ai^xefi EHeiBflsa HBaEOBa. 



rPAMOTA H M78A. 7 

— EocTOft, nocTOH HHcaiB, fl AyxoMTr o64raH).]J 

MysHKi 76^x01^; <Mipi>> He663'B yAOBOJBCTBifl oxHAaexi ero 
BOdBpan^OHifl, 3*6 lojiai cifiiniHTca axecxai^ifl: Aonuuft oh'b y HacB; 
8ce npeB3omoji:b. 

Mhhjtb repeal nanh tj^owLui^ BosBpamaeicfl b, darnSafl cboh 
spinKie, KaR'B Aofipue KopsH, naiBqu, seAerb oqerb: 

— TenepHia nnoiH: nepBO-sa-nepBO BaHDmsa chahtb j HeHE sa 
^ecHTOfi 8apy6fit, HHEHia o'b ^eTupHaAi^axofi oiixai'B, a A'^Bsy — 
HH saMyacB, eh wb yqenBe: sa MHKOJiy BemHaro ^epesi meoxyD 
nepoBaflnjia. 

— Ci KaKofi nepoBaJiua, sa Easyia CBtxajTB? 

EMej[I>flHl»/AOBOJIBHH&, yZMKJIfleXCJI. 

— A 6aiiisoBaxuft, pflmejrh. IIorjiflHB-Ea vh H86i sa hob koobkb: 
xas'b, sHa^Bxi, xo3flfiKi posaxL, a xod MBByxy 3a xonop'B b sapydsy 
fiJiacxB. ToAT> npomejTB— sapySsy. JlK)6e3B0e a'^o. 

EuEBajio, BBpoqeMi, b xaKi^ tfo be neoxpyxB, be ypovn^a, hb 
BEUA co6uxia A^peBEB ue;noHoraj[B BOSCxaaoBBXB Bospacxi pefeBsa 
Cb AOcxaxoqEott xo^bocxbk), Tor^a <Mipib» veEB ace EsGBpaji'B bi 6e3- 
-ane^uu^loEBue cy^BB. Ha oi^efly epeboabjecb Ka^nys'B Myxcsoro wa 
JcoECKaro nojia. 

— IIorMBB-Ka XH Ea Eoro caiTB, — Te6t BBAsie. 

['^ BHaaAa£)n(aa poiB npBBOAflia moee b^ BOMaJioe CHyn^eBie, fl6o 
MiTb EBiero xpyABte, Ka&i oapeAtjiBTB B03paox^ KpecxBHBCKBX'B a'^- 
xeA no BflimfleMy BEAy; ciuoeib b pBAoifB xpEBaAi^axB-JitxEioa) A'bBouy 
BJiB napoEBKa moseo ephbbtb bo pocty b csiaAy 3a ffficsLTjmcbiKEX'b. 
B'B qevB «Hip'B> bocxobEbo oKasHBajoa sa Bucoxi saAa^B — axo 
no BOBpocy^ rAt EaBjyqnie, no icbcxflHMi yoioBiBiTB, ycxpaBBaxb 
msojoi. KasAaa m^cxbocxb, 6e3'B bcbkbx'b saABBXi i^eft, pa36Bpa- 
xacB BiTB no EocxoqKaE'B, CO BctuB OB yAo6cxBaHB B EeyAo6cxBa]Cfl; 
vb pesyjBxaxb se axofi cxporoS pacq^iBKB, nyBBXik, Ea KOxopoBi 
ooTaflaaiBBajiGB <Mipi>,flBjrflj[Cfl ]ifia. scixi* npBieraDn^BX'B A^P^BeflB 
oaiouTB 6e3o6BABuirB b caMuirB yAofinuifB. Tas'B Banp., hob obm- 
-naxiE Obub sa. AopeBEK) T., CEMnaxiB ace <Hipa» Ea cxopofli n. 

— Til KaiCB saaeniB, a no Bameny n. bo B'B npBHtp'B JiaAEie. 

— HiM'B se jiaAffie? 

— A BOTB noAcqflxa&-Ka. IlepBBiMx a^omi vb n. pefiarB Fopasi 
6ojAe^ qiifB y BatrB, — ^a noxoH'B n. canafl cepeABBa: b EaHi», b 

r — CEBMl B 8 — CEBBT» — ^EBKOHy BO B'B 06BAy, BCiMT» BABBO BATE. 

IIoriflA'bxB T. 6JIB3BO, a b6cboS,— bo EyAa o6'bis7K8A, ptqeEEa^o 
maiafl, pe6flxaHB aohoS Be nonaoxB. Obbxb b Ji^iyb; boa'b Be^epi 
JcyauiE'By oBBpauTBCB, BABTB, a MaiiimaMx AOJiro-jn» sanyasaxBoa? H to 
E^o noAynaxB: noEa mxo, jsjb^ Eas'B, a y CeneBa n — cEaro e no oeft 
fi»n xopoHBBa ryifleTB. 3obb nona Ea^M0J[e6eE'B, a^ caAB pe6flxii 3a 
Jw»Ky. ToxoBo a4jio. 

Bci axfl QOo6paseBiE, no npoBipEi, OEaSBiBaiBOB Bnoisi npasxEE^ 
auMB B pasyMEUMB. 



O P7CGK0B BOrATCTBO. 

- B^ npewo»eHiH ynpasii mia, uemjij Dpoqawt, pi^ o ^I^^bexlbo* 
opraHHBOBaHHHXx npiBTaxi jim ^treft. He MorymBXi sa JiaiBHooTBH) 
pascTOBHiii nonacTB na ho% j^omoS. Tan KaKi bi OTM*TOHHoi jpsn 
veHiE MicTHOCTH HO tfnio HE ojsjBOA mKOJH, TO, caifo co6o») pasy- 
iritoTCfl, He MorjTo 6htb h p6^H o EaRHX'L 6h to he 6ujio DplroTaxt. 
BooCme, s BaMtTBjrt, ^to, bi cHJiy caifcfi hobhbhh rfjra, noHBTie a 
cHO^jreacHOMt npiioTi*, KaiCL o newh-ro 0T;^to.H0M^ otl mKojni, ho^ 

BHOJra* yHCHBJOCB EpeCTBflHaifH. cTIpiDTL* JjaXe Bl CaMOM^ CKpOM- 

HOMt BHUt npejiCTaBjaerB yae HSBicTHoe y;^o6cTBO, hmohho, to, qero 
xo cHii nopi He Bcrpi^ajTOCB bi ;^epeBeHCKOl^B o6Hxo;^t. %o ae 
fliuraTB pe(5flTaM'L, sacTHrHyTHMt bx niKOJt neirorojiHi^eft, BBroroS, He 
saiiepsaTB se no naniBirB HeBiiarasHuirB TpynxofiairL? 

— niTO TH, niTO TH, 6aTBraKa, — OTBiiajii irip^,— ;i;a bi JDo6yK> 
H86y cTynaft, OTKasy He tfy^erB, 'Bt^^B, ohh ho sa xy^nrt jijbjiowb npa- 
J^yTB, yTOTBca. npoxoaeiry leioBiKy, TocnojiB ero B*;^aeTB otkojib owb, 
xy;^ofl hjih xoporalft, BopoTa saBcer^ia y hsctb OTBopenn, a cbohmi 
to MSJirBiinaMi, xaKi npiroTy ne flaTB... Jajprni, j^a^irB, th ne 
oyirjriBaftcfl...''* 

Bi 0AH006pa3H0FB OTBifb npiDTaxi, nojiy^eHHoirB mhok) bo 
Bctxi noceiKax'B, CRasiiBaxacB ojina mhcjb: ycTpaHBaflTe tojbko 
mKOjra, y^iHTe ^tTeft, — a o cnpiwTax'B* no3a6oTHTca caiia ;^epeBHfl: 
He sa xyjuiTB jiiiowb npnjiyTB, b% j[K)6yi) H36y cTynaft. 

ynoMHHaa o&b OTcyTCTBin vh HaH^qeHHot ^ra venfl m4othocth 

nrKOJTB, H BTHITB He XOTy OKaSaTB, qT06H CO OTOpOHU KpeCTBHHCTBa 

He ^^ajiHOB coBepmeHHo cauocTOflrejrBHHH, hh otb soro HesaBHCH- 

XKUI, HHKtVB CO CTOpOHU HO HOACKaBaHHHH, aOIIUTRH Rl yHCHBD. 

HairpoTHBT», noTpefinocTB AepoBHH y^HTBCH hochtch bi Bosjtyxt; ne 
eifOTpii Ha EcntiTHBaeMNfl neyj^a^H, AopeBEH, 6uTh iioserb, hhctehr- 
TRBHO "qTBCTByn, HTO cfh T^ifi sanacoMi vpaRa, xOTdpuft y hoh 
HiritoTCH, shtb HejTBBfl, A&nme Hjqn HeRy^a, Ha co6cTBeHHsft RonrrB 
H OTpaxi cTapaeTGH yAOBieTBopHTB bhobb Hapo^^EBmyncfl noTpe6- 

XOCTB. TaRl, Vb OJ^Oft H8l ^CepeBOHB, n., RpeCTBHHe T]S^-TO BHECXaJH 

cxyvHTOa-rpaifOTlfl MHROiaH ^anacBeBH^a^, HanajiH €]npcRyx)E36y» 
H conacHiHOB HiaTHTB HO 50 KOH. 8a Hayny bi irbcHi^'B ci pe6eHRa. 

IIpOCJrtprrB HOTOpiX) BOSHflRHOBeniH BTOft CaKOOTOflTeJIBHOft mEOXU, 

ysnaTB, Rto Mes^y (SesrpaiiOTHiiifE vysHRaicH hbejich nepBuirB hhh- 
i^iaTOpoiTB j^Jira, BUAepsajrB n ohi» 6opB6y ci «]ripcRofi> rochoctbk), 
rB cczajiiiHiK), fi He vopb. OTBtHaH)Ti: «co6qa hojioshjie:» — <co6qa 
Haxy]iaaH»l HHRoiaft ^anac^HTb oqoHB nojno6BjicH xysHRairB sa 
eBot THxlft HpaBi, HO 0iAa bi toit^. qro, Hpoy^BmH OAHy SHHy^ 
OKB Ha^^Majni cBory nocjiyxHTB, Ha i^epKOBHHfi c6opB nomejrB», H' 
mxojia pacnaiacB. 

Bi Apyrott xepeBHt B. cUxooroiiTeiBHaH noniiTRa vh yqeHBD 
saRonqEjiaoB eme niaqoBHie: nysHRH Tanse namLDi «]iipoxyK) H36y»^ 
Tuase CRJiaAUBaiHCB no 50 x. B!b vioHi;:^ ci pefieHRa, ho npHrjia- 



rPAVOTA B vysA. 9 

ineHHue oahitb sa spjrRWh ABa neAarora osaaaiHCb HHRjAa [fleroA^ 
HiiMH npoxoAHKi^aicH, OAHfii xjXB Apyroro. 

«IIpfluo Te6b CKasaxb, 6aioBHHSH aoaajiHObi — BOOBna chhcxoxe- 
TeiBHO aiecTOBaJia AepeBHfl oairosBaHHUx'B neAaroroBi. drH «5aiOB- 

HHKH> T021B0 nUflAHCB EG EadaRaMl H HHqeHy A^TOfi H6 JUJIH. 

SaBtiiaTOJibHO, tto EejAa^HUift OEun oi ^^6aJiOBHHKaicH hhckoibso 
He noBJdflJii Ha kpootbhe'l, sa BXb seiaHie aoQhtboe cBoero: bea^tb 
Aixett rpaMOTEUHE. Ose h mohh npoonjiE: 

<noKa TaiTb ETTO, a ko4h npocAUOiflEiB spo xopomaro ^eJioB^Ra, — 
Eooian 6u ero k^b Hani. Moxerb mu gi ehmi h 0T0iKyeHCfl». 

HaKOReqi, b'b TpeiBoit AepeBHi 3. peay abtotu cb y^esBOicB oKa- 
saiHCB ycEinisuME. 

Ki o^acTix) 3 — csHrB Kpe(yiflH'B, ho BAaxE otb a^POBeh noceis- 
jiaoB Ea BCD BHMy flOMiniHi^a; oaeei hbi specTBaH'B eoepoohjtb ee 
Eoy^TB rpaMOTi cuHEEiKy, oHa corjiaoHJEaQB. IIo^Ba ei yiesiD 0Ka« 
BaiacB Ea otojibko EOAroTOBAOEEofl^, ETO r-sa $. BB nOlOBEHft 
yqe6saro cesoEa se Morja yae OAEa capaBBTBCE ci a^ohi. 
cEapufliEi) EaMB EpeAOCTaBHJD[a>i 06% btoS <6apuiEsis MysssE e 

6a6ll B'B OABE'B rOIOCl OTSUBaiEOB 01» HO06uSE0BeHE0ft TeOAOTOit E 
JUOfiOBEOCTBlD. 

cys'B laKi Ao6pa, Tasrb Ao6pa aia 6apu[HiEH, eto s oKasatB 
Te6i EeB03MoaKEo>. 

' Bb Eaysy Kb «Aotipoft 6apuinEi> peOaia (HaABEyraEsi e Ateo^SE) 
61raj[E sa 5, sa 6 BepeiB. ?tg6u oi^eetb ote 6, 6 BopcTB, a 
BH'&cnri^ (TB lAwb E cTeneEB sasAi^ ooBpeMeEEott aopobhe bi^ yEeEUo, 
cjAjijeTb npEEETB BO BEHMaEie Eanis nyiE coodo^eEifl BecEofi h 

OCOEBK) (jItOHI yEeEk Ee fisUO). 8t0 Et^IO EOETE EeBOSMOSEO OTBpa- 

TETej[BEoe: xaKB, ta^ Appora eo npoiosoEa 6opoBUMi> HicroMB, OHa. 
npeACTEBJUieTB cnioniEoe Hope nyCoKofi rpESE,— no EE3EEaHB-se 
B(rb raiE qexBepTE Ea ABi noKpHBaDxcE BOAoft. Bi axoi-TO rpsaE 
no KojrtHo nuenaxa bb pBaEEUXX SHnyEEEiBax'B esoAEOBEO 10, 12 
Bepci:i> HysEARafl A^TBopa kb 6jiaroMy EOTOEEEKy... 

Bx OAEOft E3B AepeBOEB, BB AOKaSaiaiBCTBO EIOAOTBOpEOfi A^- 
TOJIBSOOTH €A06p0ft 6apfiniEE», KO URi ElfEBdlH MaJIBEyraEE siTb 11. 

A OMy AajiB iipo^ecTB (uTorpa^EpoBasEyi)) €6yMary» 3. ynpaBU. 
MaflB^yrasB, OEaEaia KOE^ysacB, a hotohi 6ofiso etojirobo npoEOiB 
ee BCD Ao K0Bi](a e laRse tojieobo oTBiEaxB Ea Bonpocii, EeMy yEHU 
EXB €Ao6paa 6apumEfl>. Cb seMaiofi ropAOOTBi) npECJiyniflBaica 

TilOSHBElifiOS OSOJIO HEOB RpeCTBEECRlft €HipB> KB ETeElE) E OTBtxaiTB 

<cBOero> rpaMOrbH. Co soixx cxoposB nocuaajiacB noxBaia sa <«o 
RyApflByD roiOBy: <Bo RaRofi osb y HaoBli cHxEERa He BOJiEERa, a 
nepBBift HejiOHbRB!» <TaRi h pteeTB!». 

noHBMo Bonpoca: sejiaeiib n AepeBEE yEBXBCE, jiflE neEE npeA- 
oxaBjrEiacB He Meste HExepeoEoft Apyras oxopoEa a^&: etc sa ek- 
nyiBci sacxafiJifleTB AepeBEH) cxpeMEXBca bb rpaxoxb, RaREM^ — no ea 
xe MipoBosspiElK), — ^AyxoBEBiMB E HaxepiaflBHiorB noxpeteooxEM'K 



10 pyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

^ojDKHa YAOBieTBopflTB 8Ta rpimoTa. Pasi* AopeBHfl oosHaia, tto st^o 
y^HTBCfl, SHaqHTB vb ea iiipoBosspiHiH otipasoBaicfl npofiijn, He boc- 
nosHfleifiifl HaxHqHHMH cpeAOTBavH, bi qeiTB se sasjroqaeTOii btoti 
npo6£jn>? npHmejrB-jiH' MysnKi* ki BHBo;^y, hto laEHCTBeHHafl rpa- 
KOTa noACKaserb eiiy, niwb mosho h jspuviKo yroAHTb ciiaTepH-cnpoil- 
8eMJD[i>, qroOuE osa npnBiTJBBie, jiacKOBie oTHeciacb Kb CBOHirb 
o6ofiAeHH£[M'B A^TflifB? HjiTH, c6HTZifi CE ToiKj 6e8npaBieMi> H fiesypa- 
AHi^eft, nyraacb vb nepBOMx croAKHOBeHii, BSixo^^an^eirB sa qepTy 

HpHHHTHBHUX'B yeJEOBift, fieSCHJOkHUft OTRJIOHHTB 0Tb OOOfl OaMyiO 

BEraTosHyD npaBOByD h aKOHonHqecsyi) HessroAy, iiyacEEi sa rpauoiy 
XBaTaercfl Kasi sa oEopb cnaceaia, sasi sa cuy, — B-b qaaHin HaftATH 
B^b B6ft ce6t san^HTHHKa? Hib naROBeiiti, b% CHJiy npHnHCUBaemirb eiiy 

KaKHXl TO OCOCo-npBpoaKAeHHUX'b CBOtOTB'b, BOt SETefiCEifl HeBSrOAEiI, 

icpynHUfl H Henifl, bca XHTpociueTeHHaa c^tb o6ii^ecTBeHHUTb ycxoRifi, 
iipoxo;^rb KHHo icysHEa, HeAOoraTO^Ho sarporHBaa, HeAocTaTO^HO 
Hapymaa ero shshb, — a aoTOHy rpaMoroS owb saa^^en yj(OBJieTBopiiTb 
TOJiBKo BucmyK), AyzoBHyD n0Tpe6H0CTb? 

Hto6u noAOfixB Kb pasptmeHUQ stexi nojiosoHiil, a OTaBHirb 
Bonpocb Kb TaKoro po^a $opMt: saqiirb ayxHa BaMi* msoia, 06x0- 
jtoHCb ace OTipi h a'&Ak (^sii HOfat,— OT^ero ae o6ofiTaob a Bam? 
Ha 8T0 noiyqajiHCb ^BoaRie otbIth: o^an, TaBrb caasaTb, o6ii^aro 
xapasrepa, APyrie Gojiie KoaKpeiaue, ci 6oj[ie onpeAixeaaofi i^tJibK). 
Ki aepBUirb ojAjij&rb oTaecra otB^tu laaoro po^a: 

«no BoatmaaM^ BpeaeaaM'b, npaMo Te&b hoibhtb, saib 6&31, 
rpaaoTH noqaTaft aejn>3a>. Hjle: cSaci^a mu BeAai^a no 6ep2oraBrb, 
A& 'any coceirb. Ha caixy aairb, aa paAOcra, — jsji aaMi Kb yma, 
qro xomb, Bceay Aypaaa noB*pHM'b>. Hra: «HeqeBo aa-b (t. e. pe- 
tiaravi) no saABopaaa'b 6aA0B.aTbGa, — bi mKOiiyaa aa6epyToa. npes^e 
caasuBaia: sa dararo napy ae fiarax'b aa tfasapi A&Baia, a aoai^ 
sa rpauaiaaro^. H t. hoa. 

Ki OTBiTaai aropott aaTeropia oraocajiacb lasie. dloBicTKa 
npaAerb, ceibcaift cyaerb b^ pyaa, A0Te6a, aojrb, Kapayxa, ao^h- 
panrca, Aft a 6ujrb TaKOBi. Bepramb ee Taaaa^b a SAaaBM'b iiaaepovb... 
UlyTb ee pasdeperb. HsaoiloH'b aso&Aemx noir&ibTO ysaaeaib: aaRia 
Tasifl A'i^a y Te6a passejiacb.^ Hjia: ^npaaipao oaasaTb, — cxaia Kb 
Kjujsj aa Bosay; oa'b Tia'b xe qacoax ai aoBTopy: cxaab Mysaaa 
xpecTH. HeBo, aorb, CTaaaib, th onepaoaaqaiy BHqaTHBaa. iny-my 
opovearb ceda, rjuiAb a OTBirb roTOB^: Buqaruaaft, ae BuqaTuaaft, 
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BHmejTb, BTO npaBAa?* — noATBepaAa»' npaaAa. — «To-to npasAa, a 
BBWb copoaa aa XBOcrt atcTb npaaecjia. Taai KoseTb aixo a no apecxb- 
aacxay eoxb, loibRo aavb npo to aeasBtexao. Borb xenepeqa a pas- 
cyAB: ROia-6'b npoaearb aacb rpaaoxia to pasaeiacb, Aonuia-Sb kh 
ffi aaaax(i)ecTa, aia-6i ae Aomia? Aonu[a'6i, ae cyiuiBaftQa, lyqmaa'b 
Maaepoai>... H t. noA. 

CioBOM'b, Bci RoaapeTaiie otbIth acRiDqaTenao apaataiacb vb 



rPAHOTA H HySA. 11 

Mepri BKOHOHE^ecKH-npaBOBHrB oTHomemft. Eojih.cjobo <8euifl» h 
^HeAopoA'B> He Btytpbmnoh hh pasy, to noiaraD, tto bto npoHsonuo 
noTOMy, ^TO Bi Bossp'i^HiH AepeBHZ Kpinso aaciio jCixjifiuie^ hto 
sfficB BCfl TafiHa saKw^aercfl b'l AOcraTKi h pasplmaeTca ohbvo, 
npocTo: ecTB AOCTaiOK'B — npHKjnHJTB seHia, npHEynnjTB okothhu^ bo 
^peiui Bonaxan», bo speioi yHaBOSH^i, nootaii, e poahtb <KopifH- 
MxnjBk^^ He HaBOAfl onpaBOE'B, rpaMOiia hjih 6e3rpaM0THufi ofimBan ee 
CBOHiTb hotoitb; BfbTb jo^ooTaTKa— H HHKaRofi rpaMOrbfi He sau^HHTb 
jgparoi^iHHaro noseva. 

KaROBu 6u HH 6iuH OTBiTS, H3'B Bcero BHA^HHaro H dumaH- 
Haro a mofb bubccth opLO toibko sauD^enie: osasaiB, hto cOBpe- 
KeHHaa A^peBBH dceAaetm y^HTLca, cjiHniROH'B iiaio, aro ne 6yj(er& 
^KsooTB^TCTBOBaTB rociroAOTByE)ii];eMy HacTpoemD; ;^epeBHa vb 6ysBajiB« 
floiTb CHiiani saa^etB yqHTLCH: b'b oh ofin^ev'B THroxiHiH ki rpa- 
Mort ecTB HtTTO oTHxitHoe. KaKHMi> B'^TpoiTB saHecjio B'B ticdnpo- 
cBiTHyio rjiyniB 6j[aroAaTHyx> sasjiy,— BorB snaerb, — ^ho ona tomhtb, 

XyiHT'B 06e3CHJKeHH£lft, OfieS^OJieHHUft EpeCTBflHCKi& €Hip'B». UpH Ta- 

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xoxHMO HacraHBaTB Tam, r;^ $a6pH?Hiift oTanos'B h KamHHa Bupu- 
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XepeBHA He nr^a na Bcxpiny yqenix)^ eoiH 6u ee oji^AOBajio hoahhtb 
jsfi co3HaHiH' ero Heo6xoAHHOcTH. «no HOH'bmHHirB BpeMenairB fiesB 
ipaicoTii asHTB HeiB3fl>, OTBi^aeTB aopobhh h eroro OTBiia eft hhkto 
He nojD(CKa8HBaeirB. Ji,iJLO h& bb ofiasaTeiBHOCTH, ho bi» KOJiE^eGTBi h 
KOHecmefb msoji'B* yorpaHBafiTe 6oiBme xhkojib, ne 3arpasAaftTe flfl- 
porH cmsoxBHinrB B03pacTairB>, He npenoAHOCHie BH-bcTO syjiBTHBEpyD- 
Hfaro 3HaHia HaneHB oyxoi, ^oi'HaTHqecKoft Aox6esKH, h b'b mKoiaxi, 
tiesi o6fl8aTej[BHocTH, tjjsfirh tj^cho; ea orinu ne* BuicTHTB seiaio- 

J^UB. 

Ti, KTO KJUBXJTh HHa^e, kto noiaraerB, tto coBpeHeHflafl ^e- 
peBHH cHOTpHTB Ha HiKOJiy, KaK'B npes^e onorpiia na peRpyr^Hny, 
He BHanTB A^peBHH, uposiBajui pocrB ea caH00O3HaHiH« 



Mh£ jspwxbna ^acTO npHxoprrca npHCJiymHBaTBOfl, KaKi h ^to 
noeTB ;^epeBHfl. 8to b% Bucmefi creneHH jDtSonuTHafl h nasHAaTeiB- 
Has craiBfl; ju)6oiiHTHafl h Ha3HjD(aTeji[BHaa b'b gvmcjA xyAOseoTBen- 
Haro pasBHTui aapoAa HSBioiHoft anoxH, npeAoraBJieHHaro oaKHiTB se 

HapOAOlTB. 

Ha flpoBoiTB nojiri^ sHnnrB pa6oTa. ^eHB BHAaioH cone^HHfi, desi 
ToxflH^aro sapa. Bd, no ojiyqai) BocKpeceHBH^ paso^iTH no npas^- 
HH^iHOHy. Pa6oTaDTB He na combd, b'b o6n4fi oi^oBOKifi KomeiB, a 
na ce6fl, «Ha co6HHKy» — zaKb roBopaTB bx namnx'B MicraxB. JI^xhh- 
nan BepeHHi];a pasnoi^B'iTHHXB skhhi^'b pacTflnyjiacB no noJix) npH- 
xouHBO-HBorHyrott jraniefi ^yiB ne na noiBepcrsi. Hsi 8Tot jkhhIh 



12 PyCGROE BOrATCTBO. 

TO FB oAHHouy, TO noAXBa^qoHHaa xopoirb, HeyKOXRaexo xhffsom 
irbcHfl; taKse HOpiojiKaeHo cy^aqarb h nepedpasHBaDToa 6a0u-SHHi^i 
(nonrb toibko ^^BymsH, 6a6u — HHKorAa). Ha oahomi isi iipmop' 
KOB'b paBjr&CTHjiaGB KOMnanifl napneft hsi coe^AHeS A^peBEH. Osk 
npsmjiH Ha nojie bi Ka^eoTBi spHiejiefi, a rxaBHoe — nycrarB jx/bBjmr 
saiTB nusb vh rjiraaa <onEHsaKaBffl», ^ypaxKanH ob KOBupsaoL k 
poonHOHBuiH rojieHHiQaiiH. y opEoro b3'b napHOft HeHsfiizHaff, na 
oiy^aK) BOCRpeceHBfl, rapMOHBKa. 

^KaKB B^apHia jiysa 
Ci He6a roiyCoBa^...— 

noerB 0AHBi» H3'B napnefi h eny b'b TasTB bhssktb rapvoHSsa. 

H noAxosy 6jiHse, ^to6u iipocji'Iahtb nicHi) ao KOHi^a, ho «BAa- 
pHBmaa oi He6a iyHa» bhahvo ho A^^ca napBD. <Cj[OBa ohohb 
iiyApeHiu[>, a noTOMy, noA'B aKXOHnaHEueHTB. rapvoHHKE, napesB Ha>- 
xaAnn EOByx) n'j^oHi): 

^ejcaseEBSH niTO cjc^ah, 

JHfiAie MH'b BB BouoniKy noryjaxB. 

GRopo cAaAyxB Mena bo coiAaxu, 

iL He 6jxj 6oi4 noKynaTB. 

noixsuB bb ropoAB sa KanycTofi, 

Kb MOJOAeHBSHUB A^OHsaifB nonaiB. 

no rai^HHy KaTaica, 

Bb norpe6£axB 6jtiuljs,ii 6hib, 

rOpOACKHXB A^BOSB 1H)6h1B. 

Gaicy BOAOHsy-jHKepy 

da sajiHBy ho CHHxaiB (?) 

3a6aBoqKH KanyTB, 

MeHfl niTo BO cojiAaxH BesyxB. 

'MM'h mTO BOIOCHSH CHHMyXB, 

GHHHyTB niTO KyxepymsH 

Gb Becejiofl Boefi rojioBymsH. 

PasHecHacTHuA ropoAB JEyra! 

PasHecHacTHudJecTB nrco aokb! 

06pHIH BOIOCH KpyroMB. 

HOHBH^ mTO HaCOtAB-TO npOZOAHTBi 

HacTaexB BejiHElfl soctb. 
OAHa cyAapynota bb AepcBHt, 
A APF^ 3a AB^CTH BepciB. 

niBei^> H rapKOHHsa OMoauB, nicHfl oKOHuaaoB. 
• — CwoHTe napHH, ontyAa 6epyTca y Baoi Tam nioM?— onpa-^ 
iBHBaii a. 

— MoAa Ea^HHX'B nomaa. 

— A y^HTB-TO BTO BaCB HITB? 

— Tam npoMoaPB cefia, ApyrB y Apyara h y^MCi^. 

— A emie KOAHUflT^ecxB? 

— KaKB HB 6htb. 
napHH aairbaE xopoirb: 

EeperHxe EaTSH nacB, 

HaXB He BtKB SHTB y BacB. 



. rPAHOTA H My3iL. 13 

Hairb mro He b^ke Bi^soBatB, 

0;^H0 liTO noryiflTB. 

Ka6u He 6iuo noroxH 

He zeriii 6u 6'kmfi cHiri, 

Sa6u He 6iuo 3a6oTN,' 

fl He nomejnb cK)xa Bo'S'ikK^B. 

MoH niBipi o6opBajincB, ho sa to o^hvl,' caMuft rojiooHOTHft, o% 
HeofiuKHOBeHHKiTb BHBepTOifB BSBHSFHp'b Ha rapMOHHKt, npoiitn: 

HemTO— BamH 6oraTCTBa, hhhh! 
fiiniBexi Bo^q&H 

AeCATB COpOKOB'b 

H sasycBMi BeT^HHsl 

HeosHAaHHoe jifia neHfl cojio, <rb gtoib pinxHTejrbBOiirb npi^xizo- 
^emeiTB cteob'b h 6oraTCTBa AocaTH copoROBKaM'B, bh;(eho upois- 
BOJEO 6oiBniofi 9$eKTb Ha ooraJEBHiixi cjrymaTejieft. 

— dro Tose MOSHaa? 

— nepBtflmifi copTB. 

KaR^ HH cTpaHHO, onHcuBBfl saTep^flBmyncfl no saxoJiycTBflirB ao- 
peBHD, CB efl nepeKGCHBniBifHCfl Ha 6oki, kputuhh coJLomoi H36aMH, 
CB ea 6e8rpauoTHHMH CBAOpaMs h KapnaiiH, ynorpedjuTB ojoBa 
<voAa> H <M0AHHtt>, HO jnfi^xEO cKasBTB, TTO HapysHafl HenoAaTXH- 
BOOTB A6peBHH HO jcTOflJia HepoAB qapaMH JierEOMucjieHHoft 6ornHH: 
cjiOBO «HOAa» Bonrjio bi KpecTBABCsifi j[eKCHK0Hi>, eft vb sepiBj jsfi^ 
poBHfl npHHocHirB cBoft KocTioifB, ypoj^jfl ce6fl «cnHH»aRaiin» h ysop- 
^aiUMH EJiaTBflVH <ci ^eTHpexi CB o6opKO]rB>, eft ae Bi sepxBy 
oKa npHHecia cBoft hbuk'b, Hsypoj^oBaBi ero «Hy;i(peHaMi ojiobo^- 
KaiiH»,— H HO Menie My;Q)eHHMH odoporaiiH obod cxaBHyD, crapyi) 

IlilOHD. 

Buio 6h He yABBHiejBHini'B, nps Hapo;^OMi HeBixecTBi, eciH-6H 
«KOAa> CTajira A^'axB cboh fiucTpua saBoeBaHJui vb o6j[aGTH xylose-- 
cTBeHHaro MipoBOBspiHk toako 3a noojciAHee BpeHfl, to-octb sa 
Bpevfl, Kor^a o6HapysBBaeTOfl cb laEoft cHjioft oCmfie orpexjieHie Kd- 
peBBH filsBTB HS'B HacHseHHaro rn^Aa h sorAa nHorie a'^^^ctbh- 
TejiBHo CirjTB H8i HCfl. Eo o^eHB aaii'bTHoe BiiflHie fV0Au> o6Ha- 
pyaRHsajiooB ropasAO panie, TorAa, KorAa KpecTBflHHHi {wb Hamnx^ 
jtioraxB) en^e KpiHKO cEj^irb Ha zeujAy KorAa bocb ero bhahmuA 
mpb cocpeAOTOQHBaicji BnyTpH obojihi^ h KorAa eAHEOiBeHHUMH h 

npHTOH'B OneHB piAHHHH HOCHTeiHMH I^BHJIHSaipH flBUiaCB MOIO- 

AOSB, oiGuBmafl BOHHCKyn hobehhoctb. TpyAHO Aaxe hohhtb, jfh Ra- 
RyK) n^eiB npoHBSJia €H0AHafl> Ka6amE0-jiaReficRaa orpya h nojs:b 

BJUflHieiTB DTOfi IIAOBHTOfi CTpyH HC^eSaDTB H HC^OSJIH, A^aHTCfl flif,- 
KOOTBDy saEl ROCTH HOKOnaeMUX'B, Boi npesHifl HapOABBUI idoHs: 

Hpo BJiyi) rpycTB-TOCRy, npo nyseAaJiBHyD cToponymRy, npo noio- 
cuHBRy, sapocmyi) ^acTHiTB ejo^HHuoiTB, 6epe3HHqRoirB... B'b Te^e- 
3iH nocji'&ABHX'B jiItb MHi TOJiBKo OAHaxpi npHBeiocB noAOxymaTB 
Ji no MOTBBy, H no coAopsaHuo too-to Bpofffc nioHH; 



14* PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO, 

BsB^dcA, Bume nonecHCfl, 
CHSOKpiiLiufi rojy6os%! 
Ha Toe M*CTO onycTHca, 
Txh poAH^a CToposa. 

Ho, satfBZB-B CBOB OTapHH iitcHH, 668rpaH0THaf[ Kysa AepeBEK 
npoAOjisRaeT'B tbophtb no npesseny; EacTajiBORift hcto^ihek'b es. baox- 
HOBeHifl H6 H3CflKx; noTpe6HOCTB HapoAa b'b lAowb Tasi-se sHBjia^ 
Tasi se oEALHa, sai;:^ norpefisocTB bi ABHseBin, B'B BOSAjxi. Ilpe- 
AOcrasjieHHafl se ^bohitb coCcxBewELwrb cEJiaHi, ho wmAb he pjKO- 
BOAETBJEfl, HE xj AosooTBeEEHXi o0pa3i^oB'L nepoA^ riasaME, CiAHU 
Mysa Aep6BHE jAOBaeTBopfleTb 9Tot EoipefiHocTE, cnpaBjifleTCE crb xa- 
TepiaioiTL, A^BaeHUK'B eft sflssBK), sasi ssaerB h KaR-b yvierB. 

BecBva ecTecTBesHO, ^o npE HajotmooxE noAofisHxi yojiOBift 
$opxa coBpeMeHEOft HapoAEoS nicsH ypoAJiEBa, ea EOdis^eoKie Bsyoii 
E BozAejrbHifl rpy6si h sESMeEES, efl pEnn* om^aeiofl HenydBiKaib* 
HocTBK), es npeAUAymifl OTpo^si SH^ero se JoAiOTb o6n^aro (tb noojA- 
AynmEXE. HanpEMip'B: 

Bi HameE'B lopoxt B'B 6oiLinoA soiOKOjrb SBOsarB 

E MOK) TO HMflHHHEHI^y CeiOJSMiL XOpOHflTl. 

MeEA BaBfl rjiSLTh MaHEir&, a 6o]dcji hto o6MaEe'rb, 
Eyxy ci JlemeHBKofi ryjATB, ofii^aica saMysi BsaxB. 
PacBpoRjiATue KypATu Kpyny—fiopy (?) Be kj[X)K>ti, 
PascepxHiscH pe6flTa, ryuTB cb saMft to sefixyri. 

tiaMO C060X) pasyuieToa, ?to 6iuo 6£i ssaEmsEirB TpyAOirB ofii- 

ECEETB npE^flSEyX) CBEBB KOS^y I^epKOBESlTB SBOSOITB E paOIipOSJUI- 

THME KypflraME, HesAy nenajEBSHiTB otfpflAOVB EorpefieHia cHoeft eu- 
EESEHiqi* E Becejiofi ryjuissoft ci BasEHE e JlemeHBRaME. Bipo- 
ETfl'be Bcero, ?to vh noAo6sBix'B nicEontEiflX'B sapOAEaA iiysa, yio- 
BEBi E BanoMEEBi TA^ TO yojoiniaEHuft E noiio6EBmiftcfl eft cfmrb^ 
npEEiEBaeTB ero 6tiHHE EETsaME Kb soBOMy npoAyKTy oBoero iBop- 
qeorsa, e6 ocxaEaBJiEBaacB HaAi AHcrapMOEEmocTBi) oo^eTasift, saK*b 
B'B AAHSoiTB ciy^ai, noxopos'B cb eosuboitb Ea ryjusKy, i^epKOBEaro 
sBOEa Vb paonpoKiflTUHE KypfliaME. 

noEflTHO, ^0 npE TaKEXi EeAOCTaTKaxi BByiCE sapoAsoft ispH 
TaEse pisyTB e£okojibso npEBU^siift Kb^ xyAOsecTBeEEOOTE ciyxi,. 

XaKl piSReTB ero eAEECTBOEEO ICySUEaJIBEHft EEOipyHeETB, flaxoAE- 

nuftcfl BTB paonopflsoEiE a^Pobee, — rapnoEEKa. KoTaxE,— fizuo 6n 
xx)6oiiUTEO npoojitAATB aapaJueiBso oi Ecxopieft EsiessoBeHiE crapoft 
EapoAEOft ni cbe e sairlEu ea. EOBOft — ECTopiD Hc^esEOBeEk kb Ea- 
poAi^ Bcibrb icyBiuaiBEHTB EECTpyHeflroB'B. B-b axoft ofiiacTE xop- 

SeOTBO «K0AII» OTOdlB Se EOJSOe, EaiTB E B'B OdxaOTE flapOASOft EOdSiE. 

rapHOEssa B'B ooBpeKOEEoft nicst saEEia laRoe se EioTO^ EaiPB bi^ 
oxapEEEUXi paEcoAiflxi ap^a e impa. Bi cepAe^Eoft sebse AopeBSE^ 
eft, aioft npoTEBSoft^rapxoEEKi, cyi^eHo ErpaiB 6ojn»Diyi) poiB. 

Erpaft, 8a6aBo^Ba, b% rapEosB, nrpaft Ee pasBoxE, 
MeHji MoioxcBBByi) x^oHsy ao cieai se aoboae. 



rPAMOTiL H H73A. IS* 

^pyion^ie €p|3B0AU[> rapMOHHKH aoboaatb KpeciKiHCKjH) jslbsjmKj 

He TOJIBRO Jlfl GJEOSl, HO H AO CypOBfilXl* Mipi ICnpaBJeHlfl CO OTO- 
POHH pOAHTe^CKOfl BiaCTH. 

He BHHrpuBafl, 8a6aBO?Ka, b% rapHOHBBy zopomo^ , 

jMOJureTS CBoero MHJiaro (3a6aB0?E7) A'^Bymsa bib jsfijvot lAcwb, ho 
BUHrpuBafi, noTOMy tto 

Ctu^ho, sa Te6A 6aTioni£a 6Be'r&. 
npoBtpflfl aepioA'B cbohx'b cepAO^Huxi yBie^emfi, KpecTBHHCKaft 
XiBymEa HHKaRi He MoserB saCsTB rapHOHHRH, ea <pa8B0AH» sacjio- 

HflDTB B> A^BH^BOITB npeACTaBJemH H tfCHUe OCT H H0JQ[0AemEyi> 

noBaAEy^MHiaro. 

He CTofi,.8a6aBa, y sopoTi, He AosHxad OTBd^Ta. 

He nycTHTb 6aTH)iiiEa ryjiiiTB, npocTOHmB xo CB^Ta. 

Ka6u He 6£lio shmh, cniry He nanaio, 

Ka5u He 6iuo 3a6aBu, a ne noxyj^aia. 

& iK)6Hia SHTO saTB Taso sejieHoe (?) 

& is)6eia ch Tux'B ryxATby Koro rapMOHi* Beceiaa. 

CioBOMi) ten rapKOHHEH ne oGxoahtch (bx nicHi) hh oaho ]i!k- 
BH^e yBJKe^BHle. 

^OJDKHO 0Ka3aT&, ^TO OABa-jiH HafiAeicfl vb uipi cyn^eerBO 6oiie 
n^By^ee, ^wb pyooKaflspecTbaHCEafl A'bBymKa.KaseTCfl, sfcrBHOJioseHiH 
H yoiOBifi^ Kor^a 6u h r^t 6u ne paa^aBainoB ea nicHH: He roBopn yse 
€6eoiA&z'^> H f cynpflssax'b» % ona pacntBaerB, Taoaaa KoparH h31> 6o- 
lOTHCTUx'B HHSHH'B, HOA^Hpaa nyAOBHO EauHH Ha nojEflTb, pasdpaou- 
BaH rpyAH Hanosa, oraGafl b^ Tpn noradeiH CHHHy noA% y6ificTBeH- 
Hiiirb corai^eneKoirB na SHHBi. IIoeTB (no xapaKrepHOiiy MioTHOKy 
BupaxeHiK) €roiocETB>) — ^bi» MysuRajiBHOHx oTHomemH RpecTBHHCKaii 
ffbBymi^a Ha RaRHxi to H6o6uRHOBeHHO buoorhxi» ^aiBi^eTHiirb ho- 
TAXI CTOiB ase HJioxo, OROJiL Haio opHiaraercfl 8a6oTJU^0TH rib pas- 
BHTii) ea MysBaasaXBHUxi onocofiHocrei. 

KaEifl ae «M0AHfiifl» nicHH BiaraerB HapoAHafl iiysa wb ycT& 
cBoe& jooCuMsak? ?to6£i OTBtxETB Ha 8T0TB Bonpoci, Aocraxo^HO npo- 
6ktb Hi^oROJOiRo ^acoFb Ha towb se HpoBoin* noii, vji/b napHH bo- 
OHiBajiH BeiHHHy h BOAO'iRy-JHRepy. PenepTyapL AepeBenosoft itysu 
He OTiHweTGH o6mHpHOCTbK) H pa8Ho6pa8ieM%. 

He saiifi 6aTK)inKa Aener'B 25 py&refi,- 

CnpaBB-Ea napo^Ry im^ mejROBy, xaRy, RaRi y iK)xefi. 

KynH MHi 6aTK)iiiRy niaiHHBy 100 py6ieBy 6'hrpD, 

A sa dTy TO majniHRy bcd pa6oTy cxiiax). 

He RyiuufiTe, He xo^ hh 6ypA0 hh RyMany, 

A RyHHTO rojy6oBa, RaR'B py6aniRa y MHiosa. 

KaRi 621 Vb noHCHOHie RaRoe dHa^enie HMtorL €napoHRa^menoBa» 
Vb Aiux'B oepAi](a, OAHa nvb shhi^'b saTHHyia HOByn h^&ohd, hoa- 
XBa'^eHHyD xoponi: 

*y Ovh cjEOBa upacTB; oceHuo h no shimm'b A^ynKH co6HpaiDTca npaoriB 
■H^rt; Ha 8TH €oynpasRH> flBJUtiOTCJi h oapHH. 



16 PyCCSOE BOFATCTBO. 

Jtoporyma, ;^opo^o3, sltoahy o6ha*i^. ^ 
3a py^eHBsy bsajii, KOJeHesBRO chijb, 
BecB HapojCB yBHj^ii'B. 
MHt> Ha6paTBca 6tAH0BaT0, 
fc niTO OEpyTH MaioBaio. 

MHt mejESOBofi napii airy, 
niepcTflHofi MH*]^ HO napjiji^i. 

BooSnie TjajierB He cxoA^rB tyb ii3£iKa nlBHi^; nepeAOXHyBniH 
seHBoro, SHHi^ CHOBa npHHflJiHOB 3a Hero: 

Th no3BOXb-sa mb^ Haxama niaTBe posoBO Hax^TB, 
AaA-xa rocnoAH lepniBBe aa 8a6aB7 He riflxiTB. 
& CBoero Xopororo ABaxnaTH Mory ysnaTB. 
Hax^Ta 6±JLBA pybamsa, Bnepe;i;H Hxerb ryuiTB. 

He orpaHH^HBaHCB posobumh njiaTiflMH, maraHaMH h mensoBiniH 
napoHKaHH, HapoAHaa Mjsa nepe;^aerb jciaHH t^x'b se shhi^b h jifj- 
lifl a^bhuh BOSAejiiHifl: 

CBoevy 6aTioiiis'l noRJOHncB: 
KynH soHTHK'B H KaioniH, 
KynH BB TaiiK) najTe^KO, 
YcnoKoft Moe cepxe^o. 

9th KaiOHiH, Kasa^ bhaho hbi KpjToft nioHH, Heo6xoABMH A^ymsi, 

Ha cynpflxsy zoahtb, 
OsapflMB He noAAasaTBca, 
Bijoi HorH He hohhtb. 

BnpoqeiTb, <6'krEi hofh He mowtb> — bto tojibso si cjiobj, noa* 
TH^ecKaa bojibhogtb Mjaii, na cauoin» se js^i y HeMHorHXB o^ao- 

TIBBHX'B 06jiaAaTejn>HHI^'B 80HTHKH H raxoHiH HrpaDTB poiB O^eHB 
Aparoii.tHHaro yKpameQUi: B'b rpflSB raJioHiH BcerAa HOCflTca b^b py- 

KaZ'B, BOHTHKH SB HH B% AO»AB, HH B> 3H0S HO paCKpUBaDTCfl. 

CyAfl no QBawTeuHony qecjiy napoAHfiixx nbceH'B, vb Koxoptixi 
Tyaiery otboahtch opeoCjiaAaion^ee BHaqeme, Gi'&AyoT'B npHATH ki aa* 
KjnqeHix), qxo rpoMaAHoe paBcxoflHie, pa8A£iiHK)n^ee x^BymeKi^ pas- 
rnqnuxii o6ii^ecTBeHHux'B cjioeBi, ne hh^iotb OGo6eHHaro bjuhhui na 
xapaEiepi hxi» hombicjobi; pasHHiia 3aKjiK>qaeTCH B'B AOOTOHHCTBi 
Tyajiera, vb 6ojiBmofl oTRpoBeHHooiH napoAHOt iiyBu h b'b toitb, ^to 
<()aTi)niKa> KpecTBAHCEoft A^Bymu ocxaeTca o6BiKH0BeEH0 Tsjrb trb 
npocBfiaKb Ao^epH KynnTB eg majiBHy, SOHTHK'B h rasonm; net He- 
AocTaTKH CBoefi <0KpyTa» *) ona AOJiaraa BocnojranrB co6cTBeHHoft 
cnHHot H pyKaMH, padoTaa no BocKpeceHBflHi h npasAHH^HfiUTB AHflm 
«Ha co6HHEy>. diy ipyAOByn, THseiyx) cropony A^BH^Beft shshh na- 



*) <OxpyTa» ynorpe^xflercfl vh aboiisomi cmucjA: HHorxa B'B cMacA hi- 
^flA*,— a HHorAa npHAaHaro. B'B nocjrbAHeM'B ciyqaft ciobo OKpyra TOSAecv- 
BeHHO no «HaveHiK) 0% K0po6ox%. BoraTaa ospyra, 6oahmott Kopo6% dsmark 
ttoraTaa HeB-bcTa. 



TPAMOTA H My3A. 17 

^DHHaH nysa crapaTejiBHO m6ivskerhy pHcya cbod jiK)6Huni];y bi 6ojitie 
«09THtiecKOMX opeojA, B^ poji*: 

HsLK'h Ha 6^11011 Ha cEaMeii^K']^, 
H "j^ja Rapairejin^KK. 

B'B coBpeiieHHux'B nicHHxi jKepeBHH, ROHe^no, oqesB uHoro Ha- 
:HocHarO) nodaeifOTBOBaHHaro^ ho ueshsa, oTpHi^axB e Toro, ^to owb as- 
:jiaH)TCfl npoAjETaMH oaMoCuTHaro, M^CTHaro TBop?ecTBa. Ha axy cano- 
OUTHOCTB, m^cthoctb/ homrmo o6odotob'B pi^HH, COBUaAeHifl flBJrOHift, 
oTpasHBmHxcfl wh n'facul, ci flBjieniJiMH M'bCTHOft schshh, yRa3iiBa6TB 
«eii^e HenocpeAOTB6HHoe ynoMHHaHie toS hjlh ^pyroK A^peBHS. Ha- 
upHiiipi>: 

Th, Map(j)yinRa cecTpnua, najiceHBRa rojroByiiTRa, 
Tbobo OpaTi^a nojnodHJDLa, 6y;(eisb Mnd^ sojioByinRa. 
^sa HjaTO^Ka BBiraiiBcTaa, ho ^b± orpo^RU rojiy6oft, 
KoTopa CTpoHRa noMoji;n'M, ra lefi*, Mofi AOporoft. 
Th BesH, BesH Mannina, cxaHB na CepeOpHnKt! 

^TO 3a H'l^CHH, Sa npHH'J&BRH nOJIK)6lUCA napHB H'fjBK'fc. 

TaROBH o6pa3^u coBpeMeHHoi AopeBenoRoA noasiH. 



no^ieiiy 7RB TaR'B nsypoAOBaiaoB AepeBeHORaa Mysa, laR^ n^e^o 
^aoTO^aerB ona oBoe B^oxHOBeHie Ha ctojib vaio HOdTH^eoRia senur, 
icaRa BOAoqRH-jiHRepu. bohthre, raioniE, RapavejiE, yonoROHBaDiiiee 
oepAeqRo vb TaiiK) nasBTOUo h np., e np.? 

npeacAe ^itb otbItbtb aa. bto, a npoAnonuro uaieHBRyD vjun- 
trrpauiD. 

HHBimHEiTB jr&TOH'B, HosaAOAro jsfl ntcTHaro xpaMOBoro npas^^ana 
XHBaHi nocTHufi), npiixai'B hsi ropoj^a ri OAEOMy bbi mouxi jifif^ 
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Hxi 3a npfl^BHu ocHOBHUfl. Ho pa3'B npa^Esa, JiesamaE B'B ocho- 
BaBiE pfl;^a EBJieHift ;^aHEaro nopEAS&i HaftA^Ha, OTRpuTa, dTEiTB caMHM^ 
OTRpiiBaercH mflpoRifl nytB pa EaxosA^Hifl pfl;(a hobhxi EBJieHifi 
BTopocTeneEHaro nopa^qca, ao rbxi nopi ycEOJiBsaBmflX'B otb bhe- 
MaEia, E BH<icrb crb riwb A^a noHEMaHia Bcefi coBORynHOCTs stex^ 

EBieHifi E EXl BSaElIHOft CBESE. 

RaR'B npEM'bp'B mosho npsBeoTE saRosi aBOJUonjiE opraHflqecROn 

SB3SE, no ROTOpOMy pa3BETie SE3Hfl, OpraHESHOBl ofiyOJIOBJIEBaeTCa 

riM'B, HTO xapaRiepHue npEsaaRE opraEESMOB'B, no^ib B^iaHieM-B onpe- 
AbiesHUXi ycjiOBift, MoryTB ESMiflaTBca e nepe^aBaTBGa noTOMRaM-Bi 
Pa3i> AapBEHi cj^ajTB cBoe oxRpBiTie, oho npoE3Bejio nojiHifimifi 
nepoBopoTB B'B 6iojioriE, lerjio bb ea ocaoBaHie e nocjiysEjio OTnpaa- 
HOfi TOHRofi jiflSL i^iiaro pa^a OTRpuiifi, cnocoficTBOBaBniBX'B BuacneHiK) 
3aR0H0B'B opraHHqecROft aRESHE BO Bcefi ea coBORynaocTE. Btotb 
npHMipi) noRasuBaeTb Buicri (yb T&irB, ^to RorAa-TO cyn^ecTBOBaB- 
mee padAiiefiie sayR'B Ea EHAyRTEBHua e A^AyKTEBHiiia jiEmEiocB 
no'iBu... 

CJiiAOBaiejiBHO, EsyneHie oai[Exi» afiJieEitt Ea^EHaeTca (tb ROHRpex- 
EHxi cjy^aeB'B, npaieM'B oxBicREBaux'B e aaxoAarB HaEHCsie ofim^ie 
3aR0HU, EoxopHH'B HOA^Haioxca aBieEia. ^!bm> ji^ajiiQ n qtvB rjiy6se 
EAexB EscjiiAOBaHie, T'i^H'B oxucREBaaie EHaxooAeHie 3aROHOB'Biipio6pi<- 
xaDxi> Bce 6os.'bQ e fiojifbe o6ni;i& xapaRxepB. IIpE EsioseHifl se aa- 
jiesitt AAHHaro nopa^Ra o6£iRHOBeHHO npaxoAEXca AepsaxBca o6paxHofi 
nooitAoaaxeJiBHOcxE h Ha^aaxB o'b saRoaoB'B, rotophitb noA'iHHaDXca 
BBJieHia caMua ofiiE^la. 

B'B ocHOBi Bcero aROHOMHqecRaro y^eaia MapRca nojioseao no- 



H-BCKOJIBEO GJIOB'L OBI OCHOBH. nOJ[OSEHIflXT> MAPECA. 23 

'HflTie "0 CTOHMOCTH TOBapa, T. e. TO* $opMH, KOTopyro npio6p*Ta0TL 
npoAjKiTB xo3fl&CTBeHHoft A'^flTOJiBHOCTn qaooBiKa npa EannrajiQGTa- 
"^ecKoS ^^opui xosflficTBa. BejiH^BHy ctohmocth aBTopi onpej^iJiaeTi 
EOJiEqecTBOiTB o6ii(ecTBeHHo-Heo6xoAHuaro Tpj^a, noTpa^esHaro Ha 
flsroTOBJieHie AAHBaro TOBapa. Bto ochobhoS saEOHi. Bca cyuna 
Tpy;^a, sanflTaro bi npoHHimeBHofi j^'kiTejiBHOCTH nponsBOACTBou'B 
npo;iyETOBi, noTpedsHX'B a^a Bcero ofim^ecTBaY aBjrflercfl TpyAoifB 
06lI^GCTB6HH0-He06X0AHMBIM'B. Bcfl cyMMa 8Toro o6ii(ecTBeHHO-Heo6* 
xo;^HMa^o Tpy;ia npoHBBOAHTB, ci oj^hoU cTopOHH, Heo6xoAHMyiD cto- 
BMocTB, Heo6xoAHMyE) ji^ssL B03wbm,eMiSi saxpaT'B sanHTaiHCTa sa noRynEy 
padoqefi CESNy a vh Apyroft — npnfiaBO^HyH) ctohmoctb. Bca cyiwa 
o6iiiecTBeHHHX'B noTpe6HQCTeft b'b npoAysraxi onpeA'^Jiflercfl, bo nep* 
BUXB, cTeneHBD npoHSBOAHTejiBHocTii xpyj^a, bo sropux'B, ^OJieft bi 
npoHSBeAOHHOui npoAyErfa sas^aro hs'b EjaccoBi, Ha soTopue pacna- 
naeTCfl Bce o6n^ecTBO, h bi TperrBHxi, — bosmoshoctbid peaiH3aii;iff 

dTHX^ AOJiet, 06y0J[0BJI6HH08 HX'B BSaHMHOD BaBHCHMOCTBK). 

OTHocHTejiBHUfl satpaTfii kaiiHTajiacTOB'B ajua noxyqemfl npH6aB0^- 

HOft CTOHMOCTH, T. 6. TOfi ^aCTH CTOHMOCTH, EOTOpafl TOJEBEO H HHTO- 

pecyoTB HX'B, jj^JLa nojiy^eflifl soropofi tojbeo h y^pesAQ'^TCfl npe^- 
apiaTie, bi pasHHxi oxpacAax'B npoMHnueHHOCTH spaJtse pasjiH^Hij, 
(npe^no^iarafl bch) cyMMy saTparB oAHHasoBOS)), bi saBHCHHOCTH orb 
crpoeHifl EanHTajia, bb saBHCHMOCTH otb Toro, Easaa oTHOcHTeJiBHafl 
qacTB ero hs'b Bceft cyHMH saTparB saxpa^HBaeTca Ha nosyoEy chjcu, 
cosHj^aiDmefi CTOHMOCTB, Ha HaoMi pafio^HXB, npH^eMi, cTaio ^utb, h 
cyMMa npoH3Be;^eHHOfi npHfiaBoiHofi ctohmocth paaJSH^Ha. Me«Ay 

TiMB Bl> A^ftCTBHTOJIBHOCTH HOpMa npHfiBTJIH, HOJiyHaeMafl B'B Ea»AO& 

H3B oTpacaefl npe;^DpiflTifl, fioji'le hjih Menie OAHHasoBa. HiMi* se 
^6i>flCHETB Tasoe npoTHBopitie? OTqero me npH6aB0<iHafl ctohmoctb 
HO npncBOHBaeTCfl tod hmohho oTpacjiBH) npoHSBOAcrsa, bb EOxopoS 
ona npoHSBe^eHa? Hhhmh cjiroBaMH, oT^ero TOBapu, npo^yETB Eann- 
TaJiHCTHqecEaro npoHSBOACTBa, ho npoAaroTca no HX'B HHjuEBH^yajiBHOll 

CTOHMOCTH? ^fkHTb HaSOHeHj'B OHpeA^^IfleTCfl paBMipii npH6aB0?H0ft 
CTOHMOCTH Vb SaaC^Oft OTA'i^JIBHOfi OTpaCJIH npOHSBOACTBa? 

O^ieBHAHO, ^To ecm bshtb bod cyMMy saTparB Boi^x'B EanHraiH- 
CTOBT* AaHHaro o6in;ecTBa na 4>st6pHSH, saBOj^u, opy;tiH npoHSBOACXBa 
BOo6nie, Ha cupott h BcnoMaraTejiBHH& MaxepiajTB h na pa^oqyi) CHiy, 
TO oTHomeHie ex aroft cyMM^ Bcefi cyMMU npH6aB0?H0ft gtohhocth 
o6pa3yeTB oGn^ecTBOHHyx) HopMy dphGujih; npoAoojiaraff, soHe^Ho, 

^TO OH) He npHXOAHTCfl J^ilHTBCfl CB KbUT> 6li TO HO 6b[xo. PasMi- 

. poM'B dToS npH6aBO^Hoft CTOHMOCTH orpaHHHHBaexofl AOJtB. y^acTia vb 
Hefi Bcixi sanHTaiHCTOB'B H Eaasjiaro b'b OTAiABHOcrn. KasoBO 6ei 
HH 6u20 cTpooHie KanHTaia B'B EasAot hsi OTpaoiett npoHHm- 

JICHHOCTH Bl OT^BHOCTH, T. 0. RaE'B 6il OTHOCHTOJIBHO MHOFO HAH SaEX 

^£1 Maio HH 61UO aaTpaHOHO Ha naoM'B pa6oiiHxx; CTaJio Gbitb, Kas'B 6u 
MHoro HJiH EaRii 6fir Maso hh fiujio npoHSBOAOHO npHfiaBonoft otohmooth 
BiisasAoft OTA'bjiBHOfi oipacjH npoMHnueHHOCTH, ho, BCjrbA<)Tfiie o6n^eoT« 



24 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

BBHEaro lapaETepa Tpy^a, norpa^eHflaro b^ Kas^oft OTpacjiH DpoH3Bo;^- 
oTBa, BKpasaioniaroofl Bio6o;ecTBejBHOMiA'^6HiHTpyAa;BCJi:b;(CTBieo6fi^6-- 
cTBeHHaro lapaKxepa Bcero KauHTaJiacTa^ecEaro npoflSBOACTsa, KaR'w 

UpOHSBOAOTBa npOAyKTOBl Bl> BHA^ TOBapOBIi, H KaET> IipOH3BOAOTBa. 

m)H noMomn Kpejuma h 6aHK0Bi., BeAjmaroca Ha ^ysie AefleaHwe* 

KanHTaJBTU, boa npH6aB0uafl ctohmoctb, npoH3BeAeHHaa B&kiii> 06- 

meoTBeEHHiTB nepeM'bHHBiMi KanHTajioicL, noAi* BjuiHi6Hi> KOHKyppen- 
niH RanBTaJioB'B h cBofio^Haro nepeABHsema hxi h3-i> oAHofi OTpacjiE 
npoiramJieHHOCTH Bt Apyryio, pacnpe;^tiaeTCH Ha bo* KanHiajihHwa 
sarpaTM bi» KasAOd orpacJiH flpoHumjieHHocTH, nponopij^iouajiLHo BejH- 
qHHaiTL TaRHXi» saTpaTB. TaKHiTB odpasoMi KaaHTaiu noJiyqaK)rB B'k 
BHirfc iipH6HJffl He ly HMenHO npHfiaBomyK) otohkootb, Koxopaa 
npoHSBejeHa bi jiaHHOft OTpacJia npoMHnuieHHooTH, a laityi), koto- 
paa no oTHOCHTeiLHUiTB pasKipaiTL npH6i[Hsa6Tca Kb Hopni npH6uiH,. 
nojiyiiaeMOft Bc4in» oenxecTBeHHHMt KanHiaiojrL, Koxopajiu citAOBaxejibHo, 
npH6jiHaaeTCH' Kb cpeflnefl Hopjrt npH6HJiH. 

BoitAOTBie CBoero oSmecmeeHuato xapasTopa, KaaHiajiHCTHHecKoe 

np0H3B0ffCTB0, npH CB06o;^HOM'B CBOOM-B paBBHTUI, aBMOTCH Bi AaH" 

HOiTB CMHOit ypaeHum€AhHhlM^ no npeuMyrjmecmey. 

Oraio 6isctby Ben^HHa ctobhocth TOBapoai onpeAtueToa Kow^e- 
CTBoin. ipy^a, Heofixo^HMHiTB AJKfl H3roTOBjieHia aiflxi TOBapoBi Vb 
pasMipax'L, noTpetiHux'L juia A^^HHaro o6iiiecTBa. Bi to Bpena, KorAa> 
KaimrajiHCTHHeoEifi cnoco6'B npoHSBOACTBa Henoiy^Hjrbeme AO0TaTO»iHa 
nnipoKaro pasBHTifl BT>AaHHoin» o6mecTBi, cTOHMooTb, a, oaiAOBaTeabHo^ 
HHpntfaBO^Hafl ctohhoctb, npHCBOHBaii aa npeACTaBHTeAeifB onpoA'i^JioflHaro 
npeAnpiflTifi, fiOJiie bjeh HOHte cooTBiTOTByerb xofi, EOTopaa npoBsae- 
Aena pa6o?HHH 8Toro npeAnpiATifl. Ho, no nipt paaBHTia EaoHTaiHC- 
TH^eoEaro onooo6a npoH3BOACTBa, no irbpi Toro, EaEi ohi cxaHOBHioa 
Bce 6oji']^6 H 6ojiie o6mecTBeHHHHi, o6n(Lfi saEOH'b, onpeAtMD- 

mifi BeJ[H?BH7 CTOBHOCTH, BHA0H3HiHfleT0fl. OnpeAtieHie CTOHMOCTH 

cyMiioi) CTOHBmaro ee o6QiecTB6HHaro Tpy^a (otcda^ h TopMHffs 

CTOHHOCTb) nepeHOCHTCfl 01 HHAHBHAyaJDbHHXl CTOHHOCTefi Ha BCD 

cyHuy cTOHHOCTOft, noTpe6H£ix'B AJifl A&HHaro o6ii(ecTBa. IIoa'^^ 
Biknieifb Toro, ^to KanHTajiHCTH^ecEoe npoHSBOACTBO OTaHOBHTCA 
Bce 6ojiie h 60110 o6i]](ecTBeHBfi[H'b no HasHaqeHix), npH qeni EasAoe^ 
oTA^JibHoe npeAnpiiiTie ocTaoTCH b'b to se BpsMfl. ^acTHOK) oo6cTfieH- 
HocTbK) OTA^JiBHHX'b jmi^'B HJiH rpynai jehi^'b, EOHEyppeHi^ifl sanHTa- 

lOBl B'b paBJtHHEblX'b OTpaCAflX'B npOMUmieHHOOTE 8aCTaBJ[fl6Tb, B]fior&; 

CB TbM'b, npHfiaBo^Hyi) ctohmoctb, npoESBeAeHHyi) bcoe) cyMHOE) o6nie- 
GTBeHHaro nepeM^Hnaro EanHTajia, 3aTpa?eHHaro na noEyoEy pa6o- 

<ie& CHJIBI, CTaHOBHTbOH BCO 60J[ie H 60Jli6 AOOTOHHieH'b Boeft oyHioi 

KansTaioB'b AaHHaro o6niecTBa h paonpeAiuTbca nponopipoHaJOiHa 
iixi BeuqiHHaM'b. A bto sna^HTb, tto Ta ^acTb ctobhocth, npoHSBeAOH- 
Hoft BHOBb vb npoAoisoHie roAa, BOTopaa BoniOBieHa bi npHfiaao^Hoft^ 
ctOHMOGTH, Bi> OTA^BHux'b OTpacjiflxi np&AnpiflTift pacnpeA&ifleTCii 
iiponopi^ioHajibHO Bcefi cynni KanHTaj!bHuxi> saTparb vb Kaa^ott HSik. 



H-BCKOIBEO CJIOB'B OBI OCAOBH. UOJlOSBfiHIflX'B HAP£CA.. 2& 

Baxi>. TaKoe pacnpeA'^Jieme BajOBofi cyMuu npadaBo^flofi oxoflHooTn 

Mex;(y OTAtABHHMfl OTpaCAflMH HpeAIipiflTifl flBJiaOTCfl OliAOBaTeJIBHO 

yse A'^oM'B BTopocTeneHHSifB cjDI^ oT^iiJii^Haro EaiiHTajHOTa coBep- 
meHHo Bce paBHO, npoj^aioTca jih TOBapunoEX'B otohhogth, hjh HirB... 
^jifl Hero ooBepme^HO Boe pasHo, peamsyerb jih ohi npn npoAast 

CrOHMOCTB H npHCaBO^HyjD CTOHMOCTB, CKpHBaDlo^yioca B-B TOBapt, 

eciH ToiBKO npe;^noi[QSBTB, mo owh nojiy^aoT^ bb ^1^wb otu^nuA 
npeAnpHBHtfaxejiBCKifl aoxo^b ejol 6oJihme o6uiiHaro.> (KaiiHTajii>, III 
cip. 724), 

TaEB BOTB 8T0 TO cTpoMJieHie RaiiHTaioBi nojiy^aTB o^iiHaKOByx) 
Hopny 0pb6uj[h, RaEOBO 6u he 6ujio hx'b cipoeme, BHAOHaifbHflerB 
Bi> Eas^oft OTA'bJiBHofl OTpacjiH npeAnpiflTla ^noroe npoafiJieHie 3aK0- 

Ha OTOHMOOTH. 

BupaBHOHie npHCaso^HOfi ctohmocth h noABeAesie OTHomeaifl e& 
BO BoeHy saxpaqeHHOHy nanHTajiy wb sas^ofi OTAiJBHOd oipacjiH Kl^ 
ypoBHK) cpoAHjairo ofin^ecTBOHHaro OTflomeHifl ejih ki* cpoAHei Hopirh. 

UpHOUJlH flBJUiK)TCa BOpBUHB npHBXOAfln^Hlll ^aKTOpoiTB, MacKHpyio- 

mnwb qncToe npoflBJcefiie saKOHa ctohmocth. ' 

BiopuMB HBiuieTca ToproBjjfi sanHTajTB, o6oco6oBiiii&Gfl otb npo-^ 
li^BOAHTejfliBHaro, cTaBmifi no OTHomeHiio kx Heicy ^a&TopoHi caMocToa-^ 
tojUiHumb, h, EaKB TaEOBoS, TpedyDiECHMB cBoeS AOJiH y^acTifl wb npH6a^ 

BO^HOfi CTOHMOCTH, XOTH H HO HMl npOHSBOAeHHOd, TdEl EaSli BB. 

KanaTajiHCTHqeofioMB npoHSBOACTBt ohi* OEasuBaeTca ^asTopoMi TaEHHi. 

hie He06X0AHMHM'B, SaE'B H EanflTaJl'B npuHSBOAHTeJIBHUft. 

SaxiM'B HAorB ccyAHiiul sanHxajB, EannxaJiB saEi TOBap'B, EOTOpHH 

CB CBOeft CTOpOHU TpofiyOTB AOAH y^aCXlfl BB npH6aB0?H0H CTOHMOCTH, 

yMBBBmafl 8thmb cyMMy noiy^aeMoft npnSaBO^HOH ctohmocth A'a 
T^XB, eto hmb nojiBayoTCfl. 

E[aK0Heii,B a&iH6TCfl dOMieBJiaAtJiiei^'B, t. e. co6crBeHHHfi'B Heo6xo- 
AHM:bBiuaro cpoACTBa npoHSBOAcxBa, soTopufl xoth h ho npnEHMaoTB. 
BenocpeACTBOHHaro yqacTia b^ np0H3B0ACTBi, ho OTAaoTB Ha BpeMa. 
CBOK) co6cTBeHflocTB BT* HOJiBSOBaHie sanHTaiHCTa noAi> ycJioBieMiL 
iijiaiesa onpeA'^^OHHofi ?acTfl npnCaBo^Hoi ctohmocth, apoHSBeAOHHOft 
npH noMoiuH cpoAciBa npoHdBOACTBa, npHHaAJteacan^aro OMy, soMJie^ 
BJiaAtiBi^y. 

Bo Bcixii BTHxi cjiy^aaxi pasMipi npneaBO'iHofi ctohmocth,, 
BpucBOHBaeMOfi EasA^^VB HB^B npexeHAOHTOBB Ha Hee^ onpeA^JtaoTca 
ocoouHH saEonaMH, MacEHpyiontHMH npoaBJieHie fb ^hctomi bha& 
ocflOBHoro saEona, EOTopuMB peryupyeToa BOJiH^HHa ctohmocth.. 

BoJiBmaa nacTB aBJiOHifi SaE'B 4>H3HqecEHXB, OiojiorH^ecKHXB, xaE'B 
H xoaaHCTBeHHux'B H o6mecTBeHHi>ix'B Boo6Hie, ecTB poByjiBTaTB A'&ft- 
cTBiA MHornxi npnqHHB, a HHEaEi. ae oahoS. ^tio nayEH ysasaTK. 
ocHoBHiie sasoHU aBJEteHiS 9 saEOHu afijEeaifi, BHAOHSMiHaioiiJ^ie hxb^ 
BoBAtficTByiomie na hhxb. Ywb Eoae^ao hh oahhi ^hsheii ho cra- 
H6TB yTBopxiiaTB, HTO TpaosTopia, HanpHMd^pi, OHHcuBaeMaa caapa-*^ 
AOMB, Bunyn^eHH^iMB hsi* Ay^& opyAia^ aBJuieTca OTpHi^aHieMi saso^. 



26 PyCGKOB BOrATGTBO. 

HOBl AHHaUHRH, h6o 8T0 BCTB BUpa3KeHie BJiflHifl ^aSTOpOB'B, ROTOpHB 

HaMipeHHO He npnHHMajiHCB bi coo6paseHie h jcrpaHuncB i^ju xoro, 
^o6u nirbTB bo3ho»hoctb hsj^btb nposBJieHifl oghobhhx'b 3aK0H0Bi> 
^BBseHiH. P&mHTejUBHo TO se canoe mOsho cEasaTB o6'b Hsy^eHia 
aasoBOB'B, jiexaiQHX'B b^ ocHOsaHiii KaoHrajiHCTH^ecKaro xoaadcTBa, 

SaEOHOB'B GTOHMOCTH. 

EcjH MBi craHeH'B Ha dry to'^kj spinin, to ji^jlsl HacB npio6pt- 
TaerB oco6eHHo rjyfioKoe ^Hjioco^cEoe SHa^eHie nocjii;i;Hifl orji^iy 
TpeiBJiro Tova <KanHTaj[a»: «Aoxo;ih h hx'b hcto^hhrhi. SjitcB 

aBTOp'B, CB OAHOfi CTOpOHH, HOJ^BOAHTB HTOrH BCeMJ CBOeMy HSCJL'J^AO- 

BaHiD, pascMaTpHBaeTib BsanifHoe OTHomenie Kani pasAH^HBixii (I>aR- 
TopoBT> RanHTaracTHqecRaro npoH3Bo;^cTBa, BSHTaro b-b njtioM'B, TaK> 

H Ti^X'B JiflJLe% ROTOpUfl DpHXOJIiflTCH RaS^OMy HST) KHXl ESI BCell 

CTOHMOCTH, np0H3Be;^eHH0ft Bi npoAOisoHiH onpe;^eHHaro nepio^a 
BpeMeHH, CRasBM^ B% npoj^ojisenie toji^b,; yRasuBaerB na b03HHRH0- 
Benie h o6oco6jieHie pasjTHHHux'B o6ii;ecTBeHHB[xi RjiaccoB^, b-b 3a- 

BHCHMOGTH OTB HX'B pOJIH Bl OSn^eCTBeHHOlTB np0H3B0;iCTB'&, a Blfictt 

iyb* Tkwb 0Tb HCTOHHHRa Toro p5;][a Aoxojia, ROTopHii npEXOAHTca Ha 
floaio EaaJ^a^o h3^ hex-b. Ob ;^py^ofi cTopoHH, MapRCB bthbtb no- 
cjiiflHHM'B bT^iioM'B Ho^^roTOBMeTB ^HTaTeM Kb nepexoj^y b-b Apyna 
o6iracTH ofiH^ecTBeHHOfi nayRH, yRa3UBafi ocHOBaHin, na ROTopux-B 

CTpOHTCfl nOJIHTH^eCRifl, E)pHj[(H?eCRU[ H Hp. OTHOmeHifl. 

Bo HHorHX'B MicTaxii cBoero Tpy^a MapRci yRasuBaerB, nanpH- 
Mipx, fla noJiHTH^ecRyi) poJB, KOiopyiD BROHOMHqecRia ycjOBia «a«;i- 
ameawmz pasHUH'B areHTam RanHTajiHCTHqeoRaro npoH3BOACTBa, b3H- 
Taro Bi i^ijEOM'B. B'B nocji'b;(HeM'B »e OTA^t, rji^b plnb Hj^erb o 
no^^pasAiaeHiH Bcero npo;^yRTa ^o;^OBO^o Tpy;^a Mea;^y npe^^craBHTejiHMtt 
Tpex^B BasHMmnxi aroHTOB'B npoHSBOACTBa, Mes^y 3eMj[6Bj[a;i;'&iBi^aMu, 

RanHTaJLHCTaMH n pa60^HMH, — X03fl80TBeHH£Ifl npH^HHU BOSHHKHOBeHiH 
06nteCTBeHHHX'B RjraCCOB'B, B'B SaBHCHMOCTH OTB pOJKH RaaCA^rO H31> 
HHX'B BX npOH8BO;^GTBl, Ta HOJIHTHHeCRaH pOJIB, ROTOpyD KBTRJl^UVL II31> 

HHX'B no Heo6xo;p[HOCTH ;^oj2ReH'B HrpaTB, BosHHRHOBeme h saRpin- 
Jienie bxi npaBOBUxi h hhbix'b oxHomeHifl, o6HapysHBaioTGfl bo Bceir 
fiaroTi. 

TaRHMi ofipasoMi ;^ifl qnraTeirH stotb BejiHRift TpyA'B npsAcxa- 
BJTfleTCH ocHOBaHiem, na ROTopoH'B flfljoKEO 6uTB nocrpocHO SAaaie 
ooi^ioJioriH, Rasi HayRH, a noca4;^Hift 0T;^•6JI'B 8Toro ipy^a — aepexo- 

AOITB OTB dROHOHH^eCROfi HayRH R'B HOIHTHqeGROft H lOpHJ^I^eGRofi, 

a TaRse R'B HayR'b o HpaBGTBeHHocTH h t. a* 

Mfil BHAtJIH, ^TO aBTOpi HpH H3CJrbA0BaHiH oGn^eCTBeHHO-XOSflfi- 
GTBOHHHX'B flBJeHlft npeSAe BCerO OTpeHHTCH OTRpHTB OGHOBHOfi 3aR0H^, 

yiipaBjiflion^ii hmh, a yse sarfcifi Hsy^aeTB ABJieHifl, BHAOHSHiEflK)- 
ma A'tficTBie BToro ocnoBHoro saRona. 

To^iHO THRse H BX jifiRKOWb cJKy^ai, Ror;ia B'B ooHOBaniH Bcero 
o6n(eGTBeHHaro 3ji,B,mB aBTOp'B cTaBHTB ycjroBifl xosflficTBeHHofi jiM- 
tejiBHOCTH, onpeA^DH^ifl noiETHHecRifl, npHAH^ecRifl h ap- otho- 



H'BGKOJLBKO CJIOBl OfiX OCHOBH. HOJIOSEHIflrb HAPECA. 27 

ineeifl rjnaBHiKniEX'B areHTOB'b npOHSBO^^CTBa, He tpjaho bh;^tb, hto 
BuiflHie 8TOro ochobhofo ^aKxopa aojisho npoTepnixb hsb^cthnh 
opraHH^ecRifl sHj^onsMiHeHifl, BCJi^ACTBie see 6ojiBmaro b 6ojii)inaro 
j^aALHiflmaro ocJiosH^Hifl oCniecTBeHHux'B flBJiemfi, BSflTUZ'b bo BceMT> 

HZ-B I^tlOMl, HOBUHH (j^aKTOpaMH. 

droTb BUBOAB, BUTeRaion^ift hs'b Hsy^eHifl Bcero ipy^a MapKca, 
jEasaHifl Ha KOTopHfi mosho, Bnpo^eM'B, HafiTH vb paSHUX'B M'i^cTaxB 
ero co^HHenift, yorpaHHerB ynpeKH, KOTopHe ^iJiaiDTca eiiy cb AByxt " 
npOTHBynOJEOSHUX'B ToneK'B spiHut. 

Bo nepetaon, MapKca ynpeRanrB bb tom'b, qio npif p'l^meHiH bo- 
npocoB'B, no;pesaBmHx^ HScjr&AOBaHiH) bt> ipeiBeifB Toni, ohb oteio- 
HBJicfl OTB ocHOBHoro saBOHa, onp6AiJ[flDin;aro BOjiH^HHy ctohmocth 
TOBapa, HSCjiiAOBaHHaro B'b nepBom tom'&. Ciaio 6utb ew ynpena- 
lotrn eh moMz^ nmo ez oSMCHeniu KOUKpemnuxz xosjittcmeeHnuocz 
MeAeniH, Kb Hsy^emiD KOropHXX oh-b nepexo^BTB B'B TperBOMB tom*, 
om He nocmaeuM odny npununy. 

Bo emoptAXhy npH rphths'6 HCTopHRO-^HJioco^cEaro MipocosepujaHifl 
MapRca, ew ynpexaiomh ez moMz^ nmo, Oah oSzHCHeuiji KOMtiAeKca 
odmecmeeHutAxz jWAeuiri, ez oeuoey tixz om nocmaeuAz moAhKo odnu 
MAenin xosjiilcmeeHHaxo nopjidna, 

EsB Bcero ESJioseHHaro cji'l;i;yerB, ^to nepsufi ynpoR^ ocHOBaHii 
Ha HeAOcxaio^Ho hchoitb npeAciaBJieHiH xapaRxepa hcthhho Hayq- 
Huxi HSCJi'lAOBaHifi, H "^TO caHutt cnooofi'B HSCJiiAOBaHifl, nepexo;i;ii 
OTB o6n(HX'B saEOHOFB, jiesan^HX'B B'B ocHOBaHifE ABJieHifi onpeA^JieH- 
Haro nopHAKa, bb a&hhomb cjiy^ai aBJiemft xosflfioTBenHUxii, k'b 
TiiTB, ROTopae BHjjoHSMiHaioTB ^HCToe npoHBjreHie hxb, ecrB HecoM- 
HiHHafl Hay^mafl sacjiyra MapRca. Owb, bb aahhoitb cjiyqat, fla- 
cTOiBRo rjiy6oRo npoHHRca HayqEBiifB HeTOAOM'B, TFo, nanpoTHB'B Toro, 
o^acTJiHBo H36isaj[i ynpeRa, ROTopni Heo^^oRpaTHO A^ajsca BsROHy, 
iTO nocji*;tHia ne hm-Li^ AocTaiOHHO To^naro npeAcraBjema 061 otho- 
meBiH npH^HHB h A'^ficTBiS, npeAnojiaraa A^ficTBia pe3yjiBTaT0Mi> 
6AHHCTBeHHofi npH^HHu, "^0 wb npHpo^t cjiyqaeTCfl RpafiHe ptASO. 
(Cp. HanpHMipB, pi% npo$. To^apo nepe^B Reale Accademia dei 
Lincei, bi <Nature>, 10 AeKa6pfl, 1896). 

dTHifB caMHiTB pymHTCfl H BTopofi, npoTHBynojEOSHufl ynpoRB, 

TaRB RaR^ aBTOpi) CBOBMli Tpy^OlTB, HOJIOSHBB OCHOBaHiO HayiHOft 

coii^oioriH, He noABepraji'B CHcreMaTH^ecROMy H8c;[iA0BaHii) rbxB 
BBAOHSiiiHeHlft, ROTOpsMH (jf&KTO^u BUCBiaro o6niecTBeHHaro nopfljD[Ra, 
nojiiiTH^ecRie, npaBOBBie, npaBCTBenHue h np., h np., BOdAiflcTByioTB 

Ha npOHBJieHie ^aRTOpOB'B 06lI^eCTBeHH0-X03flfi0TBeHHUX'B, CB TaROK) 
TSJCbMOV) HSCJI^AOBaHHUXl EWb B'B HHCTOITB BH^^ Vb OrO RJIiaCCH^e- 

cRoirB TpyAi. 

Hal Bcero SToro h bbixoahtb, ?to MeiOAib, ROTOpomy ci'^AOBaJocB 
MapRci, coxpaHfleTB ^oro EayqHufl xapaRTepi npH aHajiHai Bonpo- 
^OBX, flOAseasaBmHX'B HSCJiiAOBaHin B'B TpexBeici loirb «KanHTaj[a>; 

E UTO eon, CB OAHOtt CTOpOHH, HO EtfiDrB OCHOBaHiH ynpeRE, ORO- 



28 PyCCKOE BOFATCTBO. 

Toprai TojttKo ^TO una pi^, to h, cx Apyroft cTopoHH, npH p*-- 
meHiH ucTO npaKTH^ecKHX'L BonpocoBi, Koiopue nocroflHHO cTaBflToa 
;iiftcT£HTej[BHOfi &H3H&K), HCJiBdfl npH;tepsHBaTbei[ ma6jiofiHux'B pime- 
Hifi, ro^uxi Au Bcixi HapoAOBi», Cos's AeTamaro aHaiHsa i^iAaro 
pfl^a B03jci&cTByK)ii;iix'B Ha hhxi» $aKTopoBT>, Kas'B 6oj[ie o6iiiaro, 

TaRX H nOA^HHeHHarO HM1> nopflAK^ H V^'^ BSaHHHOfl SaBHOHMOCTH. 

npHTOHi caHi MapKCB nocTOflHHO HacraHBaerB na tomi, ?to bko- 
HOHRqecKie saKOHBi seJiBaji oTosAdCTBJutTBOi saKOEava npHpoi[ii,TaK'L 
Easi HMH BupaasaeTcir oocyn^ecTBOBaHie nocjri^AOBaTejBHocTB asieHift 
JiHUiL A^HHaro xoasftcTBeHHaro crpofl, KOTopiii oairB noABepraoToa 
H3M']^eHiaii'b. To^Ho laKse Eeshda, orosAeoxBiflTL O'b saROHaHB npe- 
po;^ saKOHu xoBfllcTBesHO-HoropHHecKaro pa3BHTifl. ^opiiii npo- 
ABiem Hxi vb KazAOHi ota^juhoitb ciyqa'b h pasiHqHUit ^asu Ta- 
Koro pasBHiia Bnojiai saBHoarB otb 6e8SOHeqHaro pflAa yojioBlft, npa 
KOTopBix'b coBepmaioTGii xosflioTBeHHiifl ABieHifl 7 AaHHaro napoAa bi 
RaxAOHx oTAiiBHOifx ciyqa'k CjioBOHib, sasoHH bth HMtorb ctucjijumh 
npH EaJuraHOOTH i^liaro pa^a ycjiOBifi hbi npe^iJiaxi bthxi* yoiosifi. 

IIpeAiioJiaraTb, ^ro KaxAHfi HapoA'B HfiJiTKGVh HeHBdisHo nepesHTK 
Bct rk $opMH xoaoftcTBeHHaro pasBHiifl, KOTopua nepesffra bkoho- 

MHqeCRE 60Jlie paSBHTHlTB EapOXOHl, BEaWJIO 6U,-Cl OAHOfiCTOpOHH^ 

npHAasaTB BasoHaii'B EcropE^ecKaro pasBETiE SHa^eEie saKOHOBi npa- 
poAU, a ci jifijroU — eo npHEEMaTB bi coo6paseEie BosA^^ioTBia $aR- 
TopoB'B emjQ 6oj[le o6niaro nopsAKa, ^iirB xosfldcraeEEEie — noAAepaca- 
Eie cyn^eoTBOBaHiE, noAAepsaaie sn^a — ^bo nepauxi, bo BTopHXi— 
4^aKTopoBi> Bucmaro nopaARa, ocEOBUBaion^flxcfl Ea xosflftcTBeEEUXi: 
nojiETE^eoREX'L, npaBOBHxi^ EpaBCTBOEEHX'B H opl E up., E saR0Eeii> 

Bl TpOTBEXl, Ty ECT0pER0-X03flfiCTB6EEyi) 06CTaE0BRy, CpOAE ROTOpoft 

npEXOAETCE SETB AaEEOMy EapoAy. 

EcAE MapRcx, EElfl Vb BBAy flaE69Jrte asTEcpi^iajcbssui, he- 
HiH'B EC cTicEaeMiia npoflBjeEiE saaoEOB'B, ROTopuxi noA^EEEerofl 
RaaETajiECTE^ecRoe npoHSBOACTBO, roBopETB, qio coAEa Ea^iE AOxsEa. 
yiHTBCfl y Apyrofl^ cnocoCaM'B npoTEBOAiftcTBiE eex (apE noEOH(H 
$a6pfluaro e BooGn^e coi^iaiBsaro saaoEOAaTeiBCTBa e np.), to se 
Bo EEoroe JiE lEEOsecTBo pasi OEa Aoisaa y^ETbGE 6oiBnie, ttoShl 
CByiflTB icoRpaTETB E ofijioruTB Hy^eaiE poAOBi* CTaparo o6u^6CTBa, 
«£orAa OEO 6epeHeflso EOBiiMit? 

HNKOJiaN — OHB. 



HOBUfl EHHFH. 29 



HOBHH KHHra. 

BRKTOpi r»rO. Co6paHle creXOXBOpeHlft bi. nepeBOxaxi pyc*> 
>cTiETb nHcaTeJieft, no;^'& pexaKi^ieft H. ^. TzopsescRAro. TK(})3HC'b, 1896. 

Bi* Hamefi nepeBOHHoft JiHTepaTypife sto co5paHie jihphhc- 
CKHxi> TTpoH3BejxeHifl $paHTiy3CKaro noaxa uonoJiH«erB cyme- 
CTBeHHufl npo6'feji'b. JXapoBaeie Fioro npo^BJiJiJTOCb cb paa- 

HUM1> CjieCKOlfB BO BC'^&X'B TpeXl* — HO OIKOJILHOMy fli^JieHilO 

KJiaccHiecKoft 3CTeTHKH— Bflnaxi> noBTHHCCKaro TBop^ecTHa: bt. 
jinpHK-fe, Bnoc^fe H jipaM^. Fioro cnpaBCflJiHBO naawBaJiH He tojib- 

KO CaMUMl> CU^JlUWh H njIOJXOTBOpHLIM'b, HO H CaMUMIb MHOFO- 

CTopouHHikCB ^paHiiyscKHM'B nodTOUfB. Bujio ocHOBarejiBHO yxa- 
sano, HTO Bit najiBH'SfiineM'B h KaK-B 6u Heo^BnaHHOMB pasBH- 
TIE $paHixy3CKofl jiBpHKH, ci» BHjiy KaKi> 6yjxTo OTpHnaBmeifB 
Tioro, H^TB TeneHlH, KOTopoe He KopenujiocB 6u Bi. ero noaiH- 
necKou-h Hacji-feniH. Morrno k-b T0My-3Ke CKaaart, qxo juin xa- 
paKxepHCTHKH ero $Hrypu, saHHMaiomeft raKoe BHjiHoe m^&cto 
Bi* HCTopiH Hamero B']^Ka, ero JiHpnKa BaH6oJi^e BHTepecna. C-b 
651 oHi* Ha^aJiB, eio kohhhji'b b bi* Hefli 6ojii&e, h^mi* Tn^ 
jihCo, Oujii, caMHii-B C06010. Me^ny t^mb y nacB, m^ sanH- 
TUBaioTCfl ero BTopocreneHHUMH poMaHaiiH Bpon*! „Han d'lslande^ , 
rail snaiorB ero, KaKi* aBxopa „Le roi s'amuse" h „3pHaHH", 
r;^^ UBB^CTBU ero nojiHXEHecKifl p^^H, BocnoMBHanisi, ny6jiH- 
iXBCXBKa, cxHxoxBopeHiH ero ocxaioxcs HeHSB^cxHUMH, H 3a Bce 

BpeMfl 6BIJIB H3JiaH£I, KaHCeXCH, JIHmB B-B JCBVXB, coBepmeHHo 

Heflocxaxo^HHXB ceopHnKaxT. (nepesoflH M. H. CopoKHHa bb 
1833 r. H CpomiopKa „EBponeftcKoft BHeaioxeKH** b-b 1887). He- 
KocxaxoHen-B u hobuA onuxi*, xoxh oh-b h HecpaBHenHO 3HanH- 
lejiBH^e npeflMjtymHX'B: b-b nero BomJia eiiBa-JiH flecaxasi nacxB 
cxHxoxBopeHifi Fioro, b rpoMa^Hoe 6oJiBraHHcxBO nepeBojiOBii 
^y^Kjio no98iH, hhh^m'b hc HanoMBHan opHTHHaii'B. OsHaKo, 
c6opHHK'B Bce-^Ke ocxaexcH 6jiarBM'B no^BHOirB^ 3a koxophmti 
Moryx-B nocji^jiOBaxB 6ojfke y^ja^HUH nonaxKH. Kb xoMy-3Ke 
> j)H3ioHOMifl aBxopa BuacHflexcfl h bi* axaxi* ^panieHxaxB. 

EchhOu noHeiiy jih(5o ci. jiHua 3eMJiH Hcnesjia bce xyjco»ce- 
cxBeHBan JiHxepaxypa h bc^ xeopiH o esr cymnocxH, h ocxajiHCB 
ojiMB DpoB3BefleHifl Fioro, noaxBKa iiorjia-6ii 6iaxB B03C03JxaHa 
no axoMy ^acJI^AilO $paHiiy3CKaro noaxa. B% nacTHOCTH, b'b 

JIHpHK^ OHlt BOnJIOXHJI'B HC XOJIBKO J(OCXOHHCXBa, HO H HCHO- 

jXOCxaxKH caMuxi* KpafiHBX'B efl HanpaBJieHift. B'B nHCKyccxB-fe 
jinsi HCKyccxBa" ohi* jxoxo^bji'b noJii* B^Ka xoMy HaBajfB jxo xa- 

KHX'B aCcypAOB-B, no XaKHXlt ^OKyCOBl* BepCB(|)HKaiXiOHHOfl BH p- 



30 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

Ty03H0CTH, npejil. KOTOPHMH 6jI'£nHi&iOTl. yHOBKH HOB^^fimnXT*. 

^UEiM6ajiHCT0B'b^, KSiK-h HXi> HasuBajiT* noKofiHLift Bepjieni*. 
yKa>KeMT> jiJiH npHM-fepa ero SHaMeHHxyio GajjJiaj^y „La cbasse 
du burgrave", vji^ KaHCflufl BTopofl CTBXt saKjiio^raeTCH b-b no- 
BTopeHiH nocji^HHsiro cjiora b-b nepBoiii* cthx']&, npaieMi. o6pa- 
ayercsi hoboc cjiobo: 

Dames en brill ants equipages, 

Pages, 
Fauconniers, cleres, et pea b^nins 

Nains. 
En chasse! — Le maitre en personne 

Sonne. 
Fayez! voici les paladins 

Daims. 

• 

H TaKi> Ha npoTH)KeHiH bocbmh crpaHHii'B. Ho Fioro Chjiik 

TaK»Ce n03T0MT> yTHJIBTapHLIX'B MOTBBOBlt, nOdTOMl) noJiHTH^re- 
CKHM-b, 06meCTBeHHMBn., MOpaJIHSyiOmHMl. H Sfl^CB OHTb cjia- 

raji-B ojiu pasjiaraioni^eMyc? pe^HMy, 3;z(^cl ohi> jiajii* ne ojibhti 
o5pa3en'B xo^yJiBHaro naeoca, MHorocjiOBis, AHAaKTH^ecKaro 
nposaHsma bi* iiko-Cu noarnqecKofi $opMi&. Ho HejxocTaTKH ero 
B po^KAaioTCfl B noKpuBaioTCfl ero AocTOHHCTBaMH: 6ypHUM-B Be- 
jiH^ieifi* ero reHin, mapoTOio ero jiio6jimaro cepAua, BOSBUDieH- 
HDCTbio ero y6i&:KAeHiii. CaMoe xapaKTepnoe fljia Fioro to, hto 
0Hi> ChuiT* Bcerjia coBpeMeHeHi*: speMs niJio sa hhmi>, h ne- 
ncHUA CTpeMJieHifl HOBaro noKOJi'^nix Haxoj(HjiH b% HeMi* Bceraa 
CBoero 6jiecTHmaro JSHpasHTCJia. Oh-b He tojibko roBopBJii., hto 
f,BCHKifi nodTi* jioJi;KeH'B BMl&n[[aTB bt* ce6^ coBOKynnocTB Bci^xi* 
Hjiefl cBoero BpeMeHH^, oh-b b-b caMOMi* a^ji^ BMi^nxajii> hxb. 
HysKHo 6BIJI0 pa36HTB OKOBU ycJiOBHUXTt 4)opMi> nejiaHTHHe- 
CKaro KJiaccBiXH3Ma — ohi> ctsljito HeoCysAaHHHUfB go abkooth 
cosAarejieM'B caMuxi npHXOTjiHBux'B, caMuxx pa^HHHpoBaHHux'B 
bb CBoeMB GedyAepsK*^ no9THHecKHXi> ^opicB. Ho pesojiioixia bti 
c^ep-]^ xyffo^ecTBeHHofi 6ujia jibhib eapeio ero A'^HxeitBHOCTH; 

HyBCTSyH ^OTB-feTCTBeHHOCTB 3a BBi&peHHLI« CMy HyiDH", OHT* 

CTajiB yHHTejieMi*, npopoKOAfB; s^pH'^e, ohi* CmjiT) uwh Bcerjia. 
Ohi> Cujib o6niecrBeHHi)iM'B ji^srejiewh^ Korjia nHca;i7> aHTOJio- 
rHHecKiH 6e3A^JiyniKH; oh'b Gujvh hcthhhum'b hostom-b ^a^e bb 

CTHXOTBOpHOfi ny6jIHIIHCTHK']&. 

Bb rjiy6HH'6 ero $paHixy3CKofi BiaHepHOCTH HejiBSK nporjiK- 
R^Th HCKpeHHflro, BOCTop»ceHHaro H jiK)6jiniaro nejioBi^Ka. Cnopu 
o ero SHaneHiH no chxb nopi* npoAOJixcaiOTCH, h bto Jiy^raee 
izioKasaTejiBCTBO ero 3HaHeHiji; 6utb uoyKevb^ Tenepemni^ Bcnum- 
KH oTpBuaHiH Fioro HHKorAa He 3aK0HHaTCH poBHUMT), Henpexo- 
AHiiiHMB npeKJioHeHieMit npeAi* ero reHieMi*; ho HHTepec% kb 
HeMy ejiBa-JiH Hc^esHexi* Koraa jih5o. 

Ero nepBoe npoH3BefleHie, „Oflu", eme sanenaTJi'feHo pHTopa- 



BOBua KHHrn. 31 

lecKofi ycjioBHocTBK) KJiaccH^ecKaro KanoHa; MepTseHHuft naeoci* 
JiHinb Bi» „Ba7jJiaflax'B** cu^usiercsi ecrecTBeHHOCxtio h npocxo- 
Tofl. Ho Mipi» cpeflHHx-b B-feKOBT* KajKCTCH no3Ty eme cjiaCuM-B 
opy^icM-b Bi> 6opb61& ci* HorMaTHHecKofl niHTHKOfi; CAiy ny^HO 
eme Cojitraee nonpume, 6oJiLman cB060Aa, 6ojiBinaH apKocib 
KpacoKT.. no5!BJiJiioTCfl ^Les orientales**— axa 6e3i»HaeflHaa, »<3e3- 
noJieanaH" KHara, KaKi> HasuBajiii ee aBTOpi>, KHHra, rni^ oa- 
HaKo, cpeAH 3$<i)eKTHaro CTHxoxBopHaro MCOHTirepcxBa SBy^anb 
MoniHUH Hoxu ocBo6o)K;teHi5i — JiHxepaxypu oxi. xi^cHux'b paMOKi* 
ycjioBHocxH, nopa6oiiieHHaro HapoAa oxii xypeixKaro BJianu^e- 
cxaa. Ho see axo — aa HCMHorHMH HCKjiioHeHiHMH Bpo^i^ Hyanaro, 
naHTencxHHecKaro, h ysH, xaKt xonopeo nepeBejieHHaro ^SKCxa- 
aa*^— He Hacxoamaa jiHpHKa; ojiyxoxBopeHHaa »ch3hi> noaxa Hmexi*. 
Bupa^ceHlH CBOHMi> rjiy6oiCHMT>, usneyKHuwh hjih naccHBHO-cosep- 

IiaxeJIBHUMl> HaCXpOeHiflHli, — H B1> IX^0M1> pHA^ JIHpHHeCKHXli 

c5opHHKOB'B oHi* Aaex'B HHxaxejiK) CBoio noaxHHecKyio HcnoBi&jiB^ 
He AapoiiTt nepBufi b3i> axHXi> cdopHHKOB'b ^Feoilles d'automne^ 
HaHHHaexcH snaiieHHxoft cxpaHH^Kofl h3t> ero aBxo6iorpa$iii: 
„Cg si^cle avait deux ans'*. Ho jtHpHKa Fioro HHKorAa ne staicjiio- 
laJiacB BT> H3jiiflHUxi> f,o6oco6jieHHofl jiymH'^: oh-b jkhji'b ci» 
MipoM-B, H Mip-B yKHi'h Bi Heui>. He 6hjio xofl o6jiacxH nyxoB- 

HOfi BJIH 06meCXBeHH0fi ^H3HH, Ha KOXOpyiO OHl-dU He OXKJIBK- 

HyjiOH, — He noxoMy, hxo6u ohi> 6lijii> xaK'b HepBOSHO cchchxh- 
BeHi>,.HO noxoiiy, hxo ero He Bcerjia rjiy6oKifi, ho HeHSHfi&HHa 
BcecxopoHHifi yMi* C03HaBajii> noaxanecKoe sHaHenie jia^e xa- 
XBX-B ABJienift, Koxopufl xeopexHKaMH HCKyccxBa CHHxanHCb ny^- 
JXUMH noaaiH. Ohi> oxKJiBKaexcn neMHornHH uoxHBaMH, ho ck 
HeTi3M']§HHUM'b HaoocoMi* j6iyKjsfinB3.ro H ropflHaro nejiOBi^Ko- 
JiK)6ua; 0X1. ^exBcpocxHinia, KOxoptiMi* ohi. yuojiaexi. KopoJia 
noMHjioBaxB npHroBopeHHaro K'b cnepxHofl Ka3HH, no paacKaaa 

O £daJIIOXK-]&-BHyHKi&, BCe OCBi^meHO aXHMl. apKHMT) OXGjieCKOM-B 

jikj6bh. 

nepeH3j][aBaH cboh nepBue cxhxh nepesi. ^lexsepxB B^Ka no- 
cjii^ nxii noaBJienia, ohi* cb npocxHxe;iBHiuiT> caiiOMH']&HieMi> co- 
SHaexca bi> nepeMi^ni^ cbohxi> B033p']lHifi. ^Ecjih npaBAa, Hxa 
Miopan> Mon> noKa3UBaxB cb H'^KOXopoft rop^ocxBio cBoft xjiuctb 
pflAOMi> CO CBOHMi> CKanexponfB, roBOpa: s Hanan-b cb axoro,— 
xo, KoueHHO, ch eme CoJi'ie 3aKOHHofl ropAocxBio h cb Coji'^e 
y;xoBjiexBopeHHofi cob^^cxbio moxcho noKaaaxB cboh jti&xcKisi h 
iOHOcnecKifl pofiJiHcxcKia ojiu psijiowh cb jieMOKpaxH'iecKHMH 
npoH3BeAeHiaMH, nanHcaHHUMH bb spi^JiOMB BOdpacx^'^ Bn^mHia 
4)opMu H flpjiuKB jiajieKo ne Bcerjia o6yaHLiBaJiH ero nacnexB 
CBjero Hi&flcxBHXcjiBHaix) coztepxcaHia, h Bcxynaa nocjiife OTafl- 
naxHjii^xuaro HarHania Ha poAHHy, BOSBpaxHBmyio ceC']^ cboh 
ijpaBa, OHB He BHjii&jiB bb axHXB HOBUXB npaBaxi* KoneHuofi 
u'Ljiu cbohxb cxpeMjieHifl h tobophjib: „Le moment ou nous 



32 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

8omines passera. Nous avons la r^publiqe, nous aurons la libert^^ 
(L'ann^e terrible]^ 

C6opHHKT> nepeBojioB'b, jieHcamid npejcB naMH, npoHSBonifTi. 
HCBecejioe BnenaTJil&Hie; na nero saTpa^eno MHoro rpyna, ho 
yfla^HuxT. nepeBosoBi b-b newh iiajio. Bi* stomt. co6paHiH ne- 
pcBonoB-b no^TB HH oKSLJi'h HC ncpcflaerB ffyxa nojxJinnHHKa; npo- 
saH^HOCTb BupsiysceBisL rji^a npHicpuBaeTCii Tfl}KejibiMT> phtmomi* 
jii§jiaHHaro CTHxa; ecTecTBeBHati cBo6om Bupa)KeHifl saiii^HeHa 
ByjiBrapHofi pasB^snocTBio, a oparopcKaH, hhcto $paHiiy3CKa5i 
AeKJTaMaixifl, Koiopyio TaKTB^Hut nepeBajXHEKi* nocrapajicsi-Cu 
CMHTHHTB, neperaj*'^ b-b yTpupoBaBHuft, KpBKJiHBuft naeoctb. Kor- 
jia Tioro npocTo roBopHTb: ^Toulon, c'est peu; Sedan, c'est mieux"— 
nepeBonHHKi» HaiiHnxeHHO Boarjiamaex-B: ^TyjioBX yCiftaaM-b say- 
pWB (I); eMy— CenaHij'*. Koraa na BeJiHHaByio p^nh bb aacuB- 
Ty KHHrn, h*kto, nojXMcermifl 6B6jiioTeKy, npocro oxB'l'raerB: 
„je ne sais pas lire",— ^iHTaxejia paaoM-b oxBaTusacTii xpareniH 
ero poKOBoft npaBoxu; bo 3to chjibboc BneHaxji^nie saM-feH^excH 
nocanBUM-B lyBcxBouB, Koraa bb oxb-^&tb pa3jiaexc5i He axo npo- 
cxoe cjioBo npocxoro neJioRl^Ka, a HepcBsiHHUsi bbpibh: 

„— JLo SHaHBsi Baraero, no MyjipwxB Baraax-B KHnr-B 

KaKoe jci&Jio mh-S? TnxaxB a neyM-feio". 

XoxB 6h Bci& 8XH nepeBOflBi npHflanjieacajiH onHOMy nepcBon- 
'THKy,— HOBXB afl-ScB MHoro. Sn-icb 6ojiBrae xpHjmaxH iiepeBOH- 
^HKOBB, ueyKUj HBMH ecxB KpyHHH^ jiHxepaxypHHH HMeaa; ne- 
peBOflH, noflnHcaHHue hmh, HCMHoroHacjieHHti, hobojibho jiajieKH 
oxB 6yiifBH nofljiHHHHKa, ho GoJT^e noaxH^rau: o(5mift »ce ypo- 

BeHB OHCHB, O^eHB HBSOK'B. UpOCTO ySKaCHU BXH coBepmeHHo 

npoBSBOJiBHus nepeji^jiKH, noflpasKanis, Kyniopu, KoxopuMB co- 

BC^MB He M'^CXO BTi KHBF^, HOCBSimeHHOfi BeJIHKOMy HOBXy. B^Jlb, 

Fioro He ne'^axajiB o5opBaHHtiXB Kyco^ncoB'B hsb cbohxb npoHs- 
BeneHift; noHeiiy-Mce ero nepeBOfl^HKH xaKB bucoko cxaBKXT» 
^BOH HeyKJiio»cia nonpasifaHisi, ixo CHHTaibxT> ce6H bb npas-ife 
H3B onu BB njwnif cmpoHuw ne^raxaxB ffOxpuBOKB*' bb eoc€M% 
cmpoKh^ H3B Koxopuxa» n«XB npeflcxaBJiaioxTi coOoio, ni&ficxBH- 
xejiBHo, nepcBOflB, a xpH npHCo^HHeHU otb ce6ji (cxp. 22)? Ka- 
Koe npencxaBJienie o n'ijiBHOM'B xynoxcecxseHHOM'B npoH3BejieHiE 
Mo»cerB AaxB xaKofi oxpHBOKB? KaKoe noHHxie o BejiH«iaftnieiii> 
ifaoxep']^ $opMU Aaioxx xaxie nepjiu: 

EcjiH ecTB na cb^t^ rpy^B 

0% qecTiK) 6en yAoenu, 

Kh KOTOpOft 0T;50XHyTB 

MOXHO GesB CHopowu, 



Hjih: 



Ob% menb ifpesi aoiu, ropu, boau> 

Aepss Bib pysaxii 
B'IbTBB naji&MH, rpOMi h bc% aapoAu 

Bl CBOnX'B BOBSaX'B. 



■OBHS XHinL 33 



9to nepeBeACHO noHTH aocjiobho, cb Toft Be6oJiBmoft pasBH* 
tiefl, HTo 7 Tioro HanoJieoH'B I nepesi* boau He xoiKHrb h n 
^asMoxi BHKoro He nep^iCBrb,— Aa oho h HeBOsuo^Ho. 



B* n. HeHHpoBHix-^aH^eHBO. Bojri&fl chtb. Vombb% bi Tpan 

vacTflxi. Cn6. 1897. 

Oahhi* ceiiHHapHCTB nHcajn* CBoeuy OTiry: „MHJiLifi naneHB- 
Ka, npHmjiHTe mh% fleHen>: uw^ KomejiBKa ktiihtl He na "ito, 
a neHBiia KjiacTB He bo hto**. npH6jiH3iiTejn>H0 bi» TaKOMi> see 
CTpaHHOM'b noJio^eniH naxoASTCH a peueHseHTU no OTHomemio 
K'h HamHMi> MHoronHiiiymHM'B 6ejiAeTpHCTaMi» cpeAHefi pyKH: 
CKasaTB o HHXi> Henero, a OKasaTB o hhxi» hto hbCyal Henpe- 
M^HHO HaAo6Ho. CKaaaTB neKeio^ noroiiy hto Bce ny^Hoe Aanno 
o HHx-B HaMH »e caMHMH cKa3aH0, no noBOAy hxi> nepBLixi> 
npoHSBeAenill, ji^Th 15 — 20 HasaAi*. Ho OKaaaxB Hado6HO^ no- 
TOMy HTo npoH3BeAeHifl 3thxi» nHcareJiefi 6e3npecTaHH0 noaB- 
jiHiOTCji Ha cTpaHHuax'B Bdlx-B HamHX'B ^ypHaJiOBi*, BuxoAarb 

Sar^Ml* OtA'^JIBHUMH H3AaHiaMH, B-h Biajsfk AOBOAbHO yB'^CdCTUX'B 

KHHFB— KaK-b ^e o HE[xi> yuajiHBBaTb? B^jib 8T0 He MaKyjia- 
Typa, a jiHTeparypa, xora h BTopocopxHafl. A hto CKasaTB 06% 
BToft TCKynjefi 6eji;ieTpHCTHK']&, Kpoirb xoro, 'ito ona xcH^rb — 
Tenexi., upHxeKaerB h yxeKaexT>' ao OKOHnaxejiLHaro cjiiania c* 
HCAaJieKofi Jlexofi? Maxepiajia KaiCB 6yAT0 MHoro^ a nHcaxB He 
Q Hewh; AeHen> KjiacxB ne bo hxo, a KomejiBxa KyoHXB He na 

HXO. 

CymecxBycTB eme Apyroro poAa xpyAHOcxB: yacacHo bsm- 
CKaxejiBHu dXH rocnoAa BxopocTeneHHHe, y»acHO xpyAHO HaMi» 
yroAHXi> Ha unx'b. XIoao^chm-b, mh h nHineMi> ne AJia hx7> yAO- 
AOBOJiBCTBi:^, yro^KAaxB hiicb ne o^aaaHU h ixepeMOHiAMeficxepaiiH 
HJiH repoJiBAaMH y hext* ne cocxohmx. Ho ssL^iwh yice h cco- 
pHXBca BcexaKH? BI&ab h mli — xaKie ace, KaiCB h ohh, Bxopo- 
cxeneHHue, nenaxaeMca sanacxyio 6oici><o-6ok'b, o6panxaeMca kt» 
OAHofi H xofi ace UY6jmK^ h 6yAyniaa cyAB5a nama xa ace: 
ceroAHH HacB HHxaiox-B, a sasxpa — rxlk xh HejiOB'SKi>? HycxB 
yacB r. 3acoAHMCKifi uenxaerB o 6JiaroAapHOCxH noxoMcxsa h o 
iconyMeHxaxif, a uu csoft mecxoK'B 3Haeiii>. KasaJiocB 6u^ ^xo 
Moacexi> 6bixb o6HAHaro bi> xaKod xohk^^ spi^Hia? A box% no- 
cjiymafixe-Ka, hxo roBopBxi* na axoxi> cnexTb r. HeMifpoBHHi>-i 
JXaHHCHKo, KaKie penpHMaBAU HeoacBAaHHue ohi* npenoAHO- 
CHXi> BB CBoeMT) poMaH'l^ HO HameMy aApecy: ^Hrnaxifi EjiHcefl- 
CKifl (npcACxaBHTejiB peHenaeHxcKaro Aexa), xynoptiJiufli, Coaah- 
Bufi, TOj[cxojio5Lifi, CB jioKxaiiH $epxoMi>, caMofi npHpoAod yro- 
xoBaHHHMH no6ojiBme pacxoancaxB napoAa... niepe Aopory— 
orjio6jiH HAexi>l HcxHHHaa obohib oxi» KpecjTB kohchctopcichx'bI 
H pasyiriexca ohi> bua^^ahxcs. HyxB ero ua^ aceni*. PasBiifc 

M I. OtAin U. 8 



34 P7GGS0S BOFATCIBO. 

Bcajio TaicHxi> nponuio nepejio bchoio? Bi ropJi£— Tpy6H iepH* 
xoHCKifl, OHi* aacTasHTB ce65[ cjiymaTb — CA^safiTe oAOJi»ceHiet 
Ero HHH^Mi> Be yAHBHiDB, a oh% yAHBHTb uoyiceth, PaayMleTCfl, 
He 8T0My 6uAJiy pOMaHU nHcaxB. On-h foa'b, Asa uo6hercsi h, 
noH5[Bi>, HaKOHeiTB, HTO ero oix'%hhti> He xoTurb, cpaay o5ep- 
Hercfl BcepoccificKHMi> raaeTHUMX rpoMSJiofi. Bcio 3Jio6y neyjiai- 
HHKa OHi» nepeHecerb Ha Haco*^ rp'^^mnuxi, h h^ui^ 6ojihuie 
rjiynuxii ero ynoBanifi 6yneTi> pa36HT0 HeyMOJiHMoio s^ft- 

CTBHTeJIBHOCTBlO, T%M1> SJl^t—KJlUKU BHepeAl*! XB0CT1> Ha OT- 

jicrB, n^na Ha ryCH — ohi. 6yAerb naicHAUBaTBCX na xtx-B, y 
Koro Bi> Ayni^ TenJiHTCH acKpa HacTOflnxaro TBopnecTBa. Pa3B']& 
iiano 6BIJ10 TaKHxi>, ecTB h 6yAerB? HH^ero ohi> tojikom'b ne 
BHaeTit, HHHeuy He y^iHJiCH, HHKoro He bha^'b, ho bto, BHAHTe, 
erne Jiynme, mo3%u cetboicnu no HXHeMy**. 

BoTB KaKi* 6e3XcajiocTHO oTA^Jiajii> Haci> r. HeMHpoBHHT>- 
JIjaHHeBKol roBopBMi> — „Hacb^^ noTOMy "iTO xoTX oCJiHqeHie na- 
npaBJieno npoTHBi* ra3eTBuxi> peAeH3eHTOBi», ho qi&MT>-}ice ot- 
jiH^aeMCfl oTb hhxi> mli, peaefiaeHTU xcypnajiBHue? Ecjih ohh 

wCHflJIo" H ^rpOMHAH", TO, KOHeHHO, H MH TO^Ke, HOTOMy HTO 
npOBBBHJIHCB MU Bli OAHOU'B H TOMl* Xei MU, KAK'b H OHH, He 

3aM']&HajiH H Be 3aM'£'iaeMi> Aa^e noAoCi^i „BCKpu nacTOHmaro 
TBopnecTBa^ bi* npoHSBeAeniflX'B r. HeiiHpoBHHa-AaHMeBKo, a 
BHA'fcJiH Bi> HHXi> Bcero TOJibJto JiHxepaxypHoe peMecjieHHHne- 
CTBO, BHHerb, xpoiii uepBOHaiajiBHoft TexsHKH, Be Tpe6yiomee. 
EcjiH r. HeMBpoBHHii-JtaBHeBKo cepABTCii h 6paHHT0Ji, to 3T0 
CBHA^TejiBCTByerb tojibko o ero He6jiaroAapHOCTH. He mu jih, 
peaeHdeHTbi, 3aHacTyio cHHCxoAHTejiBHO nadUBajiH ero ^raJiaHT- 
jiHBuiTB^, TorAa Kaxii, B-h Ka^ecTBi^ „orAo6eJiB^', uotjivl 6u 
6eB'h CojiBmoro rpyAa paduaxHyTBCH h nanHcaTB TaKi>, hto otib 
r. HeiiHpoBHHa, syABrapHO roBopji, toai^ko MOKpeBBKo ocraJiocB 
6u. B3JITB xoTji 6u HpHBeAeHHufl BHme OTpuBOK'B HS'B poMaHa: 
B^AB Aynmaro Maxepiajia ajis cauofi yCiflcTBeHHofi nacM'^mKu 
HapoHHO He npHAyMaemB. Ho mli 6yAeMi> CHHCxoAHTeABBU ao 
KOHua H. T'^^M'B oaMUMi> HHcnpoBeprHeMi> HapeKaHiJi na HacB 
nuAKaro, ho HepasyMHaro poiiaHBCxa. Crb 6AaroAyniHUM'B h 

KpOTKHMl> ynpeKOM'B MU TOJIBKO CKaSKeMl* eMy CAOBaMH OAHOft 

xyu?HXH OcxpoBCxaro: „axi>, AnojiHTxa, AnoAHTKa, xopomifi tu 
napeHB, a san-^Mi* tu tojibko Taxi* AOMaemBCx, He orB CBOero 
yMa cjfoBa roBopaniB, BaixHOCTB aTy na ce5H BanymaemB^? 

Ci* aBTopoMTi H ci> ero npeTeHsiBUH uhi kohhhjih, ho hto- 
»ce ero poManii? Hto bto 3a ^Boji^bh cutb^ Taxasi h cb KaKHMH 

A'^&JliiMH, nOBIBMO npOMLUHJieHHUX-B, pOMaHl* HaHBCaB'B? BOJI^IBS 

CHTB, no oOiHcneHiK) OAHoro irtmaHHHa, ,BOTi. ?to Taxoe: ,,3to, 
BHAHTe AH, KOFAa TotnoAa Ha a^^to Ha'^^AyT'B bi* AepeBHK) — cb 
HBMH AO nponacTH ncoB'B BTHxi* caMBxi. Hy, Ha Jierxoiii. bo3- 
Ayxi^ co6aHKH TO eme nyme pacimoAXTcx. Kt» 3Hidi&— rocnoAa 



EOBBIA SHHrH. 35 

4 

«a3aAi>i a hotomctbo orB 6apcKHxi> Tpe3opoKi> Ha npoH3BOJii» 
•cyAi>6u ocTaeTCH... CTasMH oKpyn> AepeBHH 6']^raK)Ti> ao HoiiCpfl, 
!B'h HOflOp,'^ HOBue rocnoAa }KaJi7iOTi> — bojikh, h bi> Mi&csu'b see 
OHBCTJiTt: BH ojiHoft co6aHKH oTi> TopoflCKoro npHiuiofla Hc yix-fe- 
jv%e,i'bM OxToro a hma eaiy: bojihbh cutb. TaKi> botb-ci. h ro- 
poAi* Hami* AJXii AKyjia MaTB']leBHHa (Mi&CTHaro Kynua) Ta»ce caMaa 

BOJIIBfl CUTB. y^Klt OH'B HanOJIOBHBy 060Apa;i'B HaCB; KOJEH Foc- 

noAB BorB Kynaa BesM^HOBa ae yTHXOMHpBT-B KOHApaaiKod, OH'B 
H JipyryK) nojiOBHHy cb anneTHxoM-B oionaex'B. Y Hero Bcfe bt* Ky- 

Jl2iVi^'. H HHHOBHHKl>, H CBOfl CpaXB Kynem>, H M']&maHHBB, U My- 

^hkb'^ ToK-b BOTi> Hxo xaKoe BOJiHBS cuxb: axo bc^ oGuBatejiH 
HamHXB npoBBHuifi, 6e3B pasjiHHin cocjiOBifi. B'b KaxcAofl npoBBH- 
aiH ecxB CBofl AKyjia, KOTopufl npeACxaBJiaex-B co5oio „BOJiKa^\ a 
BC^ npoHie— „cuxb'% ch-^&AB a^a Hero. TaKosa^ o6ux2lsl KapxHHa 
'Hamero oxenecxBa. BapoieMi*, r. HeMBpoBEHB-AaH^eHRo He 
ocxaBJiJie'irB nacB OKOHHaxejibHo 6e3B HaAe^KAu: Ha Ka^;^aro 
Ascyjiy bb npoBHHixiH >Ke HaxoAHxcA HAeaJiBHoe cymecxeo, cb 
BOSBumeHHOcxBio GjiaropoAH'^finiHX-B homucjiobb coeABHHiomee 
caiiyK) yAHBHxejiBHyK) npaKXHHHccxB h a^Jiobbxocxb. TaKHMB 
cymecxBOMB B-h poMan'^ r. JlanHeHKo JiBJiHexcii 5biBmas $ejibA- 
mepima, a xenepB 6oraxaH noM'^mHixa, bi> H']&cKOAbKo Jii^x'B na- 
^HBmafl cocxoAHie coGctbchbumb yMOMB h xpyAOMi^. Anna C^e- 
naHOBHa (hmh repoHHB) roBopax'B: ^,iiu, ^KeHoxBHu, KorAa ne 
paoKHcaeMB, Aa He MapaHyemcfl bi^ canxsMeHxaxB, Aiodoro h3b 
HyjKiHB'B BaxKHyxB 3a nosiCB MosiceMB'^ TpaKXHpHufi cjiyra ro- 
BopHXB, Hxo AHHa CxenaHOBHa ,,MorymecxBeHHaH Aama-CB. JXo 
Bcero yMOM-B npoBHiiaioTx. Ho Hameny Kpaio Apyrofl xaKofl xo- 
dflfiKH H'^T'B^^ 06i>i&3:KaBmift enapxiio apxieepefl cKasajiB: y^ee 
uu^ 6h enapxiefi ynpasJiBXb, a BaMi., Anna CxenanoBHa'^ Top- 
roBeni> tcbopht-b Ahh-^^ CxenanoBH'fe: „yyKi> Ha hxo si MacxepB 
<B'B xoproBJi-fe), a cynpoTBBB xeCa ne bucxohxb". HaKoneu-b, 
<:iiU'h BeJiHKifl AKyjia tobophtb: n30Jioxafl roAOBKa... To ecTB^ 
ecAH H Koro.yBa^aio y nacB, xaKi> tojibko Anny CxenanoBHy". 
.Anna CxenaHOBHa, Anna CxenaHOBHa, MHorax ji^xa Ahh^^ Cxe- 
uaHOBH']^! iCi) yABBAeniio, caM'B asxop'B Aaexi> o CBoefi repoRH^' 
laKofl ox3biBB: ,,caMas oCjuKHOBeHHafl h3b xcenmnHB, xaKa5i ^e 
Tp']&niHHna, xaKi* h mu bc]^^*. Tanax axxecraqis Aaexi> hoboa'b 
AyMaxb, HTo cboh 6jiecxflniifl aAMHHBCxpaxBBHUH h KOHMepne- 
CKia cnocd6HOCXH Anna CxeoaHOBBa, ^KaKB Bcfe**, ynoxpe6AHerB 
Ha ix^jin JiH^Haro o6orameHifl. OAHaKo, h'^xb, cobc^^m-b h^^xb: 
,BB axH XH»eAMe ahb (bo bpcmh roAOAa) Anna CxenanoBHa 
Haaijia bb Aym']^ BeHSCiiKaeMbie hcto^ihhkh tkiuboH. boau h bcio 
^e6ii oTAaJia va CAyxcenie Bucmefi npaBA^^. 3xa $pa3a oocxaB- 
jiH^Tb xojiBKo HenocpeACXBeHHoe npoAOA^Kenie $pa3bi — y,cauafl 
06uKH0BeHBafl Bdiy xcesmBBB, xaKas xce rp'J^niBHua^ KaKi* h mu 
Bct**. J3k}6ouhxbo 6bi ysnaxB — Koro »ce r. HeMHpoBH^B-JtHH- 

3* 



36 ^ P7CCK0E BOFATCTBO. 

HeHKO HasoBenb npaBeAHHKomb hjih npaBesHHii^efi? yjiRSJisui cbo- 
'EWh syjiaHecTBOM'B BTh o6uicHOBeHHoe BpeMfl Aa)ice Bhicumz'h ap- 
TBCTOBi KyjianeoTBa, AHHa CTenaHOBsa bo BpeMs voJiOAa Bce* 
CBoe HHymecTBo paajiajia rojiOAaiomHu-b: „y boa ho ocrajiocb 
HHHero, Ki> HeMy xaKi^ jiesKHn* cepnae BoiKoft ^eHmHHu: hh 
ceperb, hh 6pacJieT0Bi>, hh 6poaieKi». Bi> ufkjiowh nou^ y nes 
Bu He HamjiH 6hi hh Kyco^Ka aoJiOTa. Caiia ona y:KT» M'i&cairb^ 
^na, jiepeBHHHUMH jio^xaMH— cepedpo nonuio Tysa ^Ke^. 8to c<y 
CTopoHU Ahhu CTenaHOBHU ne 6hjio npocTuici* nopLiBOMi> co- 
CTpaAanifl, aro 6u3io jiorHHecKHifB peayjibTaroiirb Bcefi es ^hs- 
HeBHofi nporpaMMu: naxcHBaficii h BCsnecKH KyjianecTByfi, ci» 
T%Mi>, HTo6u npio6p'£TeHH£iK TaKEMi* njrewb cpencTBa ynoTpe- 
6htb Ha no6puH A-l^a. „AfiHa CxenaHOBHa 6ujia cjiamKoirB. 
yMHa, HTo6u He noHATB, hto ccjih xonemb jio^HTbcn Hero hh- 
6yjXb— BHHuateJiBHO H3yHH o6cTaHOBKy, bi* KOTopoft Te6']& npH-^ 
ACTCfl A^ficTBOBaTb. He CTaBb Ha nu6u r^xi*, Kouy HHnero He 
CTOHTi> pasAaBHTB H TcGji H AOpOFoe xeG^ A^O. CoAAHCb Cb 
HHMH, cbyM-^^fi sacTaBHTb Bx-b cJiy^HTb Te6']&. He nocrynafics 
Ayniofi H coB'^CTbK) — dToro cobcSmi* He naAO, ho h ne KHAaflca 
Ha MejibHsmJ ci> xpynKHM-b KonbeM-b nesaCBeHHaro HcnancKara 
rHAajibro". 

• CaMo C06010 pasyM'^^eTC?, uu ne 6yAeMi> BXOAHTb bi o6cyHC- 
Aenie arofi nporpaMMu, xapaKTepasyionxeflc^a HSB^cTHofl ^pasoftr 

H HeBHBHOCTb COOJIIOCTH H KaHHTaJIl* npio5p'&CTH. Ho TCnepb HH- 

TareJib HM']^erb noHnrie o6i> ocnoBHofi mjie^ pomaHa: cmotphtc, 
jiiOAB, Ha Anny CienaHOBHy h yiHTecb TOMy, KaKi> ny^Ho 60- 
poTbCH cb ^BOJiKauH^, AaCu He CA'l^aTbc:^ ,,BOJiibeft cuxbio^^ 
BjiaroAapBMi> sa HacxaBAeHie, r. HeMHpoBHH'b-ilaHHeHKoI Ci 
aaBxpamHHro »e ah5i HaHBeMi* KyjiaHHib h MaKJiannxb, ynoAo6- 

JIAHCb f^BOJIKaMT)^', H KaKl» XOJlbKO OBOHHaxeJIbHO o63aBeAeMcs 

BOJiHbBMH 3y6aMH, xaKi. H KjiHKHeM'b KjiHH'b BC'^&M'b co6aHKairb 

H OBCHKaM'b: K-b HaMl*, K'b HaM-b HAH, ,,B0JIHbH CUXb'* MU TBOH 

samHXHHKH — ociaHembCfl AOBOJibnal 

Hxo eme cKaaaxb o BOBoitfi> npoHSBeAeHiH r. HeMapoBH^a- 
AaHieBKO? Aa ^xo cKssaxb — neqero! UpeAcxaBbxe 9e6^, hxo bu 
BHaexe nejiOBi^Ka Ji'^lx'b 15 h SBAHxecb Cb hhm'b e^KeM'^csi^HO. 
HpexcHifi xpHAn;axHn5iXHJii&XHift nejioBl&K'b mhofo ah oxjiHHaexai 
oxi» xenepemHflro nHXBAecflXHji-fexHflro? Pocxh oht. AaBHO nepe- 
cxajn> H HapyxcHocxb ero Bce xa Hce. BpioinKo nooxpocjio, Aa cfe- 
AHHKa cxajia B-b BOJiocaxi* npo6HBaxbCfl— boxt> bca pasHHiia, o 
Koxopofi H roBopHXb HC cxoHxii. Ta 3ice HeyAepjKHMas naicnoH- 
Hocxb K'b map^y, xo^e noJiH']&jaiaiee oxcyxcxBie Hyscxsa M^pu^ 
xa ^e acKHBHocxb bt* oCpncoBKi^ xapaKxepoBii, xox'b Hce mchbo- 

HHCHO BS'bepomeHHblS CXEJIb^-BC*^ 3XH BHaKOMUH HepXU H CBOfi- 

cxBa r. HeMHpoBHHa-AaHHeHKo coxpannjiHCb B-b noJiHoft Henpa^ 

KOCHOBOHHOCXH. EcXb, BOpOHeMl*, KOe-HXO HOBCHbtCOe. KaKOb HH* 



' HOBHfl KHHTH. 37 

icaKi», a n^Jio mnevh ki» CTapocTHf h r. .HeifHpoBH^i»-AaHieHRo 
s^CKOJiBKO uoju^pnuvb cBoft ^epoflcKifl Kj'^'h^ (roBopfl ero co6« 
<rrBeHH£iMT> Bupa^eHieii'B), OTJiH^aBmifl ero bi» npe^KHee Bpeiix. 

■YCTaMH QAHOrO H3'B CB0HX1» nepCOBaSKeft OHI* HUH^e BOT-B KSLICh 

roBopnTB: ^Kto BHHOsaT'B? Ci» 62 ro^a no ceft achb 6ojAe 
TpHAnaTH jrhTb nponuio— n^Jiasi skhshb. Hto bu n^jiajiH? Bckjio 
MCTajiHOB. EojirapcKifl ocBo6o3KAeHix aaAyMUBajiH h budojibjuih, 

KaKBXl» TO TeiCHHIieBl> nOJl'h bosh n'oKOpJiJIH, COSaJIHCB, KjAa 

sacB He onpamHBanH. Ecjih 6hL bu oahy neciiTyio aojik) 9thxi» 
meAporb na napoABoe oCpasoBaaie pacTOHHJiH" h np. h np. OieHL, 
oHeHB pascyjiHTejiBHo, KaKi» h noAoCaerb cojihahomy HOAOsi^Ky. 
Ho ^To HanHcano nepoMi>, Toro ee BupyCnmB ToaopoirB, h ch 
KAKBWb }Ke Tsixenuu7> HyBCTBOiii» nojiyscewb^ BcnoiiHHTb r. He- 

lCHp0B|IHl»-AaHHeHK0 CBOH HpeXCHiH M^POflOKifl CTaTBH^, Bl» KOTO- 

pu[xi» 0Hi» HyTB He KJisTBeHHO 3aBl^psiAi>, HTO pyccKift HapoAii 

<IULTh H BHAHTB KaKl» 6hl 0CB060AHTb nCpaxymeK-b^. A B^AB c% 

icaKOK) pa3B5i3HocTi»io cTasHTCii reoepB 8Torx» 6e3noAe3HLifl, ho 
ace ^e ropBKift Boapocb: „kto sHHOBairb?' To-to, r. HeMHpo- 

aHq-B-AaHHeHKO, KTO BHHOBaTl>? 



B)pltt BasH-BeKb. HepBeccxie paseBasii. MocBsa. 

B'B CKOABKO HH6yAB noApo6Hoe pascMOTp'^nie pa3CKa30B% 

r. KasH-BeKa mu oTKasuBaeiicfl bxoahtb, cosHaBaii cboio ne- 

KOMneTeHTHOCTb. Jl^JlO B'B TOWh^ HTO HepKeOCKaS aCTeTHKa AOASK- 

Ho 6uTb o^eHb OTAH'^aeTCfl 0Tb o6mefi acxeTHKH: mu AyMaeMi» 
TaKii noTOMy, hto ^epKeccKafl ncHXOAoriii HM'^erb oHCHb Majio 
o6niaro cb o6meHeAOB'%HecKofl. IIo noKa3aHi»Mi> r. KasE-BeKa^ 
Ha norH6eAbHOM'B KaBKa3^ AomaAH ^yscTByiorb cobc^k^ icaK-b 
JiiPAB, a AioAH— coBC^MB KaKi> AOHiaAH. CyAHTC cans. Ohhcul- 
Baerb r. Ka3H*BeK'b KpacaBaa koha: ,,BucoKafl rpyAB, tohkIx h 
Kp^UKiH, KaKi» CTajib, Hora H3o6j[aiaAH Momb h CHJiy. Tohho 
orneM-b AumanH pasAyTu^ hosaph^ h np. yAHBHTeAbHufi 6uA'b 
KOHb! Ho AAH Hacb BOTb HTO eoxe yAHBHTeAbH'^e: ,,6paBUJi ko- 

^UABIIU, KOTOpULM-b npHXOAHAOCb BHA'^Tb STOFO Kpacaeiia-KOHJI, 

npHXOABAH B'B TpeneTB H AOATO noTOMi* He MOFAH 8a6faiTb ero: 
ne«iajibHufi bhai» h onymeHBUx toaobh BUAABaAH hx'b TaflHUH 
AyMU^. BpaBBiH KoOhimma. KaBKaacKix ne nemyTi* ah craxoBb? 
B-b CBOK) oHepeAb KpacaBem>-KOHb ju^evb ne TOAbKO nyBCTBO- 
BaTb, HO H npeA'iyBCTBOBaTb: ^icaKoe to npeAHyBCTsie, caobho 
BM'tji, cocaAO ero cepAae, h cb Tpesoroio oh'b oxcHAaAB aha 
CKaneK'b^S TaKOBU vaBKaBCKifl AomaAH— aioah. O xaBKascKHX'B 
JHOAHXi, — AomaAax-B uu roBopETb He 6epeiiCfl, BCA^ACTBie lys- 
CTByeMofl HaMH HpesBunaflHofl OTny^KAeHHOCTH'oTTi i[xi» BHyTpes-^ 
axro Mipa. 



38 P7GGK0B BOFATCTBO. 

HBaH'E PyBaBHmHHBOBx. €tHfl, noBJieBaHHoe nTsntaHs^ 

BoB^cTB. MocKBa. 1896. 

B-B 3arjiaBiH uob'^cth r. PyKaBBmnHBOBa CKpura H%KOTopa» 
npopoiecKaa aJiJieropia: ^ctMa"-8TO caiiasi noai^cTB, a ^nTHati*'- 
8TO, KOHe^HO, Mu, peixeH3eHTia sTofi noB'^CTH. Hto-;ki>, noKJiioeM-b. 
Bnpo4eMi>, irainb o 6e;iJieTpHCT-]&, He ctohtb h CfcynHo h roBO- 

pBTb O r. PyKaBHQIBHKOB'^, BO OHeHB CTOKTb H COBCi&Ill> hOr 

CKyHHO oTMi^THTB CFO, KaKi> ({»HJioco(t>a — ncBXOJiora. Mu BaiDJIfl 
y Hero h'^^ckojibko rJiyCoKBX'b a(|)opa3iiOB'B, h3i> KOTopuxi. wk- 
KOTopue 3acjiy3KBBaK)Ti> caMaro mnpoKaro pacnpocTpaneBiH, A(f)o • 
pH3Mi> nepBfaifi: „rope h pajiocTb, posnaHCJb bi* cepffu-l^ Haineifi», 
pacnpocTpaHfliOTCfl He tojilko no x^jiy, 3acTaBJi5ifl BacB pusaTK. 
BjiH cM'^HTBcsi, pBaxB Ha ce6^ BOJiocu HJiH npuraTb, ho HAyrii. 
ABJor^e Hack cbmbxt., pasJiiiBaioTCA no BceMy oKpysKannieMy nacb,. 
DpBAaBa5i eMy upaHHyio hjih pany^Byio oKpacxy^. A<I>opH3M'B^ 
BTopod: „rope, BosBpama^cb bi. cepime, 6oJibHo c»cHifaeTi» ero^ 
HO Bce xce ne tsk'b 6ojii>ho, Kaicb npH nepeoM'B cBoeM-b noc^- 
meniH, H ecJiH cep^ae ne pa3opBeTCsi bip nepsufl pa3i>, to h bo^ 
BTopofl, xoTR cb TpynoM^b, HO nepeHecexT* XiisKecTb Hec^acria**.. 
A(})opB324'b xpexrfi: ^asTopcKoe caiiojiioGie canoe nxeKOXJiRBoe bs'k 
Bc^x'b*. Mucjib, 3aKjiiOHaioniaHCfl s-b nocji'fenHeM'b a$opH3if'§, B'b 
coeABHeHiH cb HamBM'b npHpoAHUM-b Ao6poziymieM'b, no6y;KAaexi> 
Hacb npeKpaTHXb naJibH']&flmift paBroBop-b o r. PyKaBHmHHicoBi& H: 
o ero noB'^^cxB. 



CTHxcTBOpeflifl H. HaeBB. MocRBa. 18%. 
A. SKeJiancBift. BacHH. MocKBa. 1896. 

Lolo. Oa'ftrftHX bbdihxx jijaeA. PoifaH%-(|^jaeTOHT> b% cTiixaxi. Mo- 
cRBa. 1896. 

H xoro xpH KHHrH cxhxobi>. JloKOJiife, o, TocnoAHl 

H'^CKOJIbKO Jl^Th HaSaA'b OAHHIb jaSlj COBpeMeHHUX-b CXHXO- 

Ai^jiaxejiefi naiDHX'b, nojibsyiomiflcfl, CJiaronaps CBoeMy ycepjiifo 

B'b CTBXOA^JiaHiH, B'^KOXOpofi JUSiyKt HBBi&CXBOCXblO, 06paXHJICj» 

Cb ne'faxHUM'b BU30Boii-b Kx Haifb^ KpBXBKBM'b H peixcHseHxaui*: 
nycxb-Ka, roBopHJix oh-b, nonpo6yioxi> bxh rocnojia Hanncaxb 
YfloCoHBxaeMoe cxHXOXBopeRie— mu nocMoxpHMBl KpaxBKa JietKa^ 

HO HCKyCCXBO XpyAHO. BUBOBB OCXaJIC5I XOr^a, CKCJIbKO UOMHHXCJI, 

6631, BCflKaro oxB-fcra, a xaKB KaKt ohb oxhochjicst, Mexcny opo- 

^THM-b, H J1HHHO Kl* HaMl,, KT» nHmyiUeMy bxh CXpOKH, XO 3A'^Cb. 

KcxaxH (3yiieTi> oxb'^xhxb na Hero, no Kpafineft u^p^ 3a ce6ff. 
ila, KOHeiHo, HaMB yfloGoHsxaeMaro cxHxoxBopeHisi He nauHcaxb. 
Ho B^nh BMeHHo nodxoMy mu cxHxoB'b h ne nnmeM-b. xorna 
KaKik Bu, rocnojia cxBxoxBopnu, nncaxb cxexobb xoxce ne yM']&exe> 
a Me^K^y x^mb nnmexe h nenaxaexe hxi* ni^uMH KHaraMB, Aa. 
eme ce6i^ axo bb Bacjiyry BM'^Hsiexe. TaKX B'J^Ab axo^ HaA'^eMc^v 



HOBHH KHHTH. 39 

padHflna! r. MepesKKOBCicift (sto ohi. BUCTynHJi* c* ropnejiH- 

BUM1> BU30BOMl») OTB^TOMIb HamHM'B AOJISKeBli DpeHCKpeBHO B08- 

iiyTBTbc^: nKaKi*, MU nHcan cthxob% hc ju^^ith^ mu, to ecn 
Haap, « H r. MHHCKifl?'* Hy, Jia, na, bu ct. r. Mhbokbmi, h c* 
K'^iii* yroAHO eme h3i» coBpcMeHHUXi* CTExocjiaraTCJiefl. Ilofl- 
MBTe :ice, rocnoAa: BepcB$BicaiiU coBc6ifi» He TOJKe hto noaais. 
Jlueatnt ctbxh BHaHarb tbopbtb, dtbAomt ctbxh anaHBT^ npocTO 

BpiHCKBBaTb pB^MU H 6JIDCTH paSMilpi*. ydO^fOVMmOdMWJKtf CTBXaMH 

liH HaauBaeMii se raxie, xoTopue moxcho uon'h raTapy pacni^- 
BaTb, a TaKie, no npoHTeniH xoTopux'B He no»aji']&emi> o na- 
npacHO HOTpaneHHOMi BpeMeHH. ,,H'£Tib bi» Te6^ TBopaniaro hc« 
xyccTBa, HO xflnaTi m» Te6% sKHsafl xpoBb^^ cxaaajii* HexpacoBib 
o CBoefi noaaiH, a bu MoxceTe cxaaaTB o cbobxi» nacaHisx'b 06- 
paTBoe: ecTb HCxyccTBO, ho w&vb hb ej^HHoft xaHjra xcbboA 
KpoB^. H ^o-xce, bu nojiaraere, hto bto HCxyccTBo OHcaTb paa- 
Mi^peHHUJi H saocTpeHHUfl pB$iioft cTpo^iKH HCxyccTBO TpysHoe 
H pi&ziKoe? Rs, nocMOTpHTe se xpyrom* ce6a: Bi&Ab mu saBajie- 
BU cTHxaMH, B-inb Haifb ni&BaTboa on> ctaxobi. Hexyna, B-fejCb 
OHH noTonjiflK>Ti» HacT». HneHHo nomonAJinnm: bto crpeifBTeJibHEiift 

I10TOKl» BOnU, to HBCTOfl, TO MyTHOfi:, HO 6e3npHlli&CH0fl H HH- 

KOMy He nyxcHoft. Bhho noaaiH 6e3iii^HH0, ho boau sepcH^Hxa- 
TOpcTBa HaifB napoMi* He Ha;z(0. Boti» npeAi. naiiH n'kmiT.'h Tpx 
„noaTa". Bc^&ohh, bi> ocoCeHHOCTa r. Lolo, nnmyrb ssm^hsl-^ 

TBJIBHO rJiaJXKO, Ai^JiaiOTb CTBXH 6e8yKOpH3HeHHO HHCTO. A JlSLJtb- 

me ^TO? HamH ctbxotbopixu o6oju>niaiOTCx H'^xoTopofi 3a6aBHoft 
MJiJiK>3iefi, xoTopyio bu MO»ceTe Ha6jiiocTH a ne^XAy... bcjioch- 
nejiHCTaMH, b-b oco6eHHOCTH nenpHBUHHUMH/ na^HHaioni^aiia; ohk 
AyMaioTB, HTO Ha HHx-b Bca yjnma jiio6yeTCH. 3to 6ujio xorna- 
to, — BT* TO Bpeiifl, xoFAa sejiocaneABCTU CHHTaJiHCB AecATxaifH, 
a Tenepb, xoraa bxi> tucbhh, Ha naxi hhxto h BHHMaHia He 
oCpan^aerb: npoi^aixafi ce6% mhmo, JiK>(5e3Huft. BejiocanenacTu — 
neKajieHTu, hto6u o6paTnTb Ha ce6fl BHanaHie, Benyrb ce65i ne- 
npHJiHHHO, opyrb, Ha^3}KaiorB na npoxo}KHxi>, noABepTuaaiOTcx 
nozcb BKHna^xa h, xone^BO, co6HpaK)Ti> tojitij okojio ce6ji. Ho 
ecjiH BejiocaneAHCT'B— cTBXOTBopeiTB i^jcerb hbhho h caapuOt 1*0 
xaxT* 6u OHT* hh HCxycHo ynpaBJifljiB cBoefl MamHHoft, Ha nero 
hhkto naxce h ne orJisHeTca. Boti» neBHAajn. xaxaat 

HamH Tpa CTHxoTBopiia BeAyrb ceGu bhojib'^^ npaJianao, 
i&Ayrb, xp^nxo Aep»cacb 3a pyjib, a cbaxti> na c^aji^ Taepflo. 
Hto cxasaTb xa^AOMi* h3i» hext* bi» OTA'&JibHocTH? Hto xa- 
caeTCH r. Haeaa, to aTo noaTi> CTapuft, nnraymift Jiirh 30 a — 
npexpacHax ^epTal — HanHcaamift 3a bto Bpeiis Taxyx) cxpoiiHyio 
nopiiiio cTEXOBBy xoTopaa hh ajia xoro ne Moxcerb Outb o6pe- 
MeHHTejibBa, Mu homhemii, noMBHiTB r. Haeaa: jr&rh 16, a to 
a GoJibme TOMy Haaasi*, uu peaeHSHpoBajia ary caiiyx) ero xhh- 
^eqxy CTEXOBB bi* OABoai», abbho y»e noKoftnoM'b ^ypnajii^, a 



40 P70CE0B BOrAIClM. 

^To roBopHJiH Toraa, to kohchho cKasajiH 6u h Tenepi>: ichh»k& 
r. Haesa jiaace Vh o6:be]c% no^iTH hc yseJiHHHJiacb. IIpoAOJX^iafl 
Hamy iieTa^opy, uu cKaxcenit, ^to r. Haesi ^jsmtb Ha Tpex- 
KOJiecHoiTb creLpMBBOWh BejiocHneA^: oho m^^hikotho h Tenept 
KaKrb 6yj^To CTpaHHO, ho npoHHO h yAo6Ho, a a'^jio r. Haeea, 
A^o He MOJiOAoe. BepcTi> hstoki* bi» cyTKH ohi» CA^Jiaen* ajui 
MoikioHa — ci> Hero h aobojilho. Tpioxi — Tpiox-b, noJieroHenKji 
noTHXoHeHKy, cTopoHOHKofl, a Bce*TaKH h ohi» sejiocHnej^HCTii, 
Bce-TaKH H oH% saHHMaeTCJi moahuitb cnopToicB. r. ^ejiaHCKift — 
BeJiocHncAHCTi* HaHHHaiomifi h Bujiatb eiiy ^HyiiepoKi^' mu aa- 
TpyAHHJiHCb 6u. Bi» cBOHxrb „6acHflx%^^ oHii nHmerb Taxie Ba- 
bhjiohu, KOTopue BHymaiorb sa Hero nenoJibHoe onaceHie, BacHU 
AOJixcna 6uTh xpanca h Mopajib ea AOJKKHa 6uti> oneBHAHa, 
Toraa KSiKb T. ^ejiaHCKifi uHmerb 6acHH nyTb ne bi> noJii»JiHCTa, 
H KyAa OHB co6cTBeHHO '^^jterb, t. e, ^to cxaaaTB xoneinb, 5ojib- 
meio ^acTbio ne pasCepemb. BaMi* r. XCejiancKifl, najio 6u enie 
noAi»y^HTi>cji. Ho r. Lolo — botb bto hctehhulA MacTepi> CBoero 
A^a: OHi» MHHTCX BnepeA^b, KaiCB xopomift pucaici, h bix hcmi, 
sa Hanii» Bsmaji-h^ Aoporo bmchho to, hto OH-b jiynme bc^&x^ 
aHaeTi», hto coG^xBeHHO cn'ioiHTb eicy neKy^a h Btsti^iwh^ 

HHTareiB Moft, th npHMemB Aoey 
nyoTuxb, xoTii sopoTRHxi cTpon. 

TaK-b Ha^HHaeT'b CBoft ,,poMaH%*$eJibeTOH'B^^ r<LoIo h toiho: 
nopuiD nycT'£fiinHXi» CTpoKrb ^HTaTejib nojiy^aerb noJiHocTbio, h 
ecJiH 0H% jiio6Hrb cthxi» jiJix cTHxa, parley nnsi pH$MU, to mu 
pynaeMCfl, hto ohi» He cocKyiHTCfl ci» r. Lolo. ?to sa rpai^ifl, 
hto 3a jioBKocTb H KaKoft HyAHuft $HHHini>! PeKopAi* r. Lolo 
no6HTb He jienco. ' 



nytiJiHiHiifl jieRi^iH no <|>HJ[OCo4»iH nayiRb. Oohobeha hoes- 

TiaHMeTOAH Haysi ^hbhxo-m aTeMaTHvecBHTb. A. H. GMHpHOBa* Ka8aHbl896* 
KHHra 8Ta nocBflmaexc^ aBxopoM'b ^bc^mi* mojioaum'b jik>- 
AHM-B, EHTepecyiomHMcx (|)HJioco$ied h CTpeMflmsiiCfl kb anaHiio 
$HJioco(I>CKH-o6ocHOBaHHOMy^. nocBflmeaie 3to hhckoabko ne 
npenflTCTByerb, oAHaKo, BucxaBHTb utbAMO KHHrn B036y»CAeHie 

BHHMaHifl KB (^HJIOCO({)iH, Bit KOTOpOlTb yHOMflHyTUe MOJlOA^e 
AIOAH, KOHeHHO, ySiCB He Hy)iCAaK)TCH. M03KH0 AyMaXb, HTO OHH 

He Hy»CAaiOTCA xaK^Ke b bi> yKaaamH aHaneHiJi (^hjioco^Ih aast 
Apyrnxi. HayKB h b-b bhsob^ y hhxb »ceAaHia 6AH3Karo h rjiy- 
6oKaro HayneHifl $HJioco$iH. Bee axo, noBHAHifOiiy, nysKHO aaa 
xod ny6jiHi^H, Koxopyio r, Cmhphob'b nasuBaerB „o6pa30BaHHoio'' 
H Koxopax, KaKi» 0Ka3UBaexcfl, Mo»ceTB cABa-eABa cqnxaxBCfl 
noAroxoBJieHHOK) hjisi cnymaHui Aeiciiift o M$HJioco({>iH HayiCB**; 
no Kpaflnefi M-^p^, MHoroe npHnuiocB aju Hen yp'&aaxB, coxpa- 
THTB, ynpocxHXb, a ni'Jiy^OKie h cxapue Boapocu Mexa$H3HKH 



HOBHa KHHTH. 41 

H TeopiH noanaHiii'' h bobcc onycTHTB. ^^ojiojme jiiojxh'*, cto- 
smtie, KaK'B to bbaho h3% npHBeAeHHux'b cjiobi> aBTopa, sume 
Bcero 8Toro, Tjrh he npa ^eMi»; ho bi> Bany o6%maeMaro bc£mi> 
6e3i» paaJiHqifl yj^oBJieTBopeHiji »cejiaHix 6;ih3K0, ocHOBareJiBBO 
H rjiy6oKO Hsy^HTB (I>HJioco$iio, npHAeTca, no»cajiyfl, h hm-b no- 
HcnuraTB Ha ce6'£ cocTosTejiBHocTb iieTOAa, o6'^maiomaro rjiy- 
fSoKoe Hsy^CHie nocpeAOTBOMB o5xoAa rjiyCoKHX'B BonpocoBi^ h 
ycBoeHisi yp'^saHHaro h npHcaocofiAeHHaro ki> HH3Kofi CTeneHH 
yMCTBeBHaro pasBHTin cjiymaxejieft Kypca. 

BcTp^Haa noon's yKasaHHuxii sa,siBjiem& npeAHCJioBix tojiko- 
Banie xaKHX^b TepHHHOBi*, xaKi* aHajinai*, CHHTeai*, onxymeaie, 
npeflcraBJieaie h t. Am ^vrarejih aojiskchx noMHHTb, mo Bce 
8T0 coBcpmeHHO Heo6xojiHMo JiJisi „o6pa30BaHHoA ny6jiHKH** r. 
CnHpnoBa. AoeeAeTB jih JieKTopi* cboexb cjiymarejiefl no 6jih3- 
Karo H ocHOBarejiBHaro SHaxoMCTBa ci> $HJioco$iefi h noKa^eTi> 
JIH Ty rJiy6HQy, KOTopyio o6'6niaeT'b noKasaxb, npeAP'^niHTb 
TrpyflHo, HO He mo^kbtb nojuie^KaTb coMHi&Hiio, hto nonyxHo oh'b 
coo6niHn> iiaccy o6iiienoJie3HUX'i> CB^A'^HiA. H omofm Tpyjii> 
B^Ab— A^Jio, BO BCfOLowh cjiyia'ii, Ao6poe h GjiaroAapHoe. Ecjih 
Mo6pa30BaHHafl nyCjiHica'f ne Hir&jia, HanpHifSpi*, cjiynas osna- 

KOMHTBCJI, Hy^ XOTB CB KHHHCKOH) AJIfl yHaniHXl» HO ^POAHOMy 

CAOBy^ yoiHHCKaro h, ycAumaBB na AesuiH TOAKOBanie aKTHB- 
Haro H naccHBHaro BHHMaHia, CTaneTB cTapareAbHO danocHTb 
CTxymaeMoe b-b cboh sanHCHua TCTpaAKH, — axo Ao6pufi daaKB h 
HMB cA'^AyerB noABSOBaTBca h CTapaTBca BLiAep)KaTB tohb HTe- 
Hift AO KOHua noAi> onacemeM'B pOAH Boniiomaro bi* nycTUH']&. 
Hrenie OKa)iceTca He 6e3]iAOAHUMi>, h 8thmb npeHe6peraTB He 
CA'feAyerB. 

OieBHAHO, OAHaKO, ^To, npHcaoco5AS5icB KHb cBoero poAa ^,06- 
pasoBaHHoft ny6AHKS^, mo^ho oKaaaxB eft naccy ycAyrb, ho oc- 
HOBaTejiBHaro, 6AH3Karo h, bi^ oco6eHHOCTB, rAy6oKaro anaHi^ 

$HJ10C0$iH HO^KUO HpH STOMB H He AaTB. H TO jyiCh XOpOCQO 

6UAO-611I, ecnH6B 0Ka3aAacB bo8mo}khoctb oObhchhtb^ hto raKoe 
$HJioco$i5i, HTO OHa TaKoe 6uAa npe^KAe, kslkisi Bsu^nemsi ne- 
pexcHAa, BB KaKHXB OTHomeaiflX'B 6biAa h ecxB kb noJioxcHxeAb- 
Hoify BHaniK) h t. a. F. Cmhphobb noAaraexB, tto ko Bceiiy 
BTOMy moxcHo npaATH, yp%3UBafl xyxB, ys^iHBan xaiiB, npo- 
nycKafl oaho h 06x0 ah Apyroe; nycTb xaxB, ho sax'^MB Boe ^e 
TaKH ocxaexca HeoCxoAHMUM'By xota 6u h CKanicaMH, Ao6paxBCJi 
AO xaKoro p'SmeHia xotb h'Skoxopuxb h3b yKa3aHBUXB Bonpo- 
COBB, Koxopoe casfO 6hi y»B ne orE6aAOCB ao ypoBHst „o6pa- 
30BaHHofi ny6AHKH^, a ee 6u noAHHMaJio ao ypoBHfl AeKxopa. 
IIoAroxoBAflftxe axy ny6AHKy KaKB 3Haexe h kslki* Mosexe, a 
sax'^MB y)K'B Aafixe eft 3ApaBUH, HenoAxoHeHHust neAyroMi* BHy- 
xpeHHsiro npoxHBop'l&HiH, 3HaHiH, — 3HaHis[, chocoChuls BUAep»caxB 

Hanopi* KpHXHKH, yCTOft^HBUfl, CAOBOMB, He HOAA'^ABHULII, a Ha- 



42 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

CTo^mifl. H icaKas nojn>3a, bi» cauom» n%ji%, na^aTb ci» rpoif« 
KHXT* ojioBii, Hao6'^maTi> CB TpH Kopo6a H 3aTi^Ml» npHATR Kl» 
TpeMi> KHxaiTb H Hepenaz*^, CBi^A^Hia o KOTopuxT* 6ujih coo6me« 
HU paaile GjiasKeHHoft naiiaTH iio6poK> hsihioiiikoio^ Bflo6aBOK'i» 
n roBopHBmeio ityAa o6pa3H'%e h cepseiH^e. IIonyjiflpHaaaiii 
$Hjioco$iH, pacmapeHie yBHBepcRTeTCKaro o6pa30BaHi9, rjiy6H- 
Ha nosHanifl, — ^Bce sto asyiHTi* npeKpacHO, bO/ KaKi* bto ojc%«^ 
jiaxi^, ee ynofloOJiHBCB KHMBaJiy GpnaaiomeMy^ — sorb raife Bca 

,,CyTI>", BCe AOCTOBHCTBO 9TOrO HCTHBHO TpyjlHarO H HCTHHBa 

6jiaroFO A^Jia. Toti>, Kony jnsjioch 6ii cosepniHTB bto 6jiaroe 
ji'i^jio^ Mon> 6li ocTaBaTbCfl npn yCi^sKAeHiR^ [tto Jia)Ke h 6poca- 
eMue Bu-h Dy6jiHic£ Mo6p'§3kB'^ npeAcraBJiBioT'B xotb KaKin hh^ 

Ha-eCTB Ui^HBOCTH, H HHKTO He CKaXCeTB, HTO BTH „06pfeiCH^* 

npocTO oopi> H GoJibine HH«iero. 

JlocTOHHCTBO HayBH Tpe6yeTi>, hto6u osa nuia no oBoeicy 
nyTH TBepAOK) h yB']&peHHOio nocTym>io, He Koc5iob no cTopoHaMi»^ 
He CTapaflCb noAS^JiaTbcsi no jii> he>b 6li to hh 6£ijio BKyou, 
npBXOTH hjih na^e noTpe6HocTB, He saacKHBas hbhx'b 6u to hh 
6uJio MHJiocTefl. IlyTB HayKH hjih esi sBOJiioiiifl He ecib hto- 
HBGyzib npoHSBOJiBBoe, BUAyMaHHoe, raCKoe, npncnocoGHiioe K-b 
cjiy^iadHLiMB MHifOJieTHuifb sanpocaM'ib.BcBKifi noHHMaerb hjih ho« 
^en> noHBTbi hto ecjiH HaKoruieBie sHasifl ne BM'^maeTCH 6oJi£e 
B-b npe»CHeM'b cHHTes'^^ to SHaHHTB uazp^no Bpenn j^jih HoBaro 
o6o6meBiH, jiJisi nepecTpofiKH nay^naro snaHiH saHoBo^ no ho- 
BOMy njiany h cthjik). ycTofiHHBbi^ HayHHUsi nojioxceain bhumb ny- 
TCMB B^jif» H He AOCTHraiOTCH.KaKoft :Ke chucjui Moacerb HM^Tb 
BA^CbTo ,,npHMHpHTejibHoe'^ HanpaBJienie, KOTopoe TaKi» HpaBHTCSi 
r. CMHpHOBy. KaKoe Ho^Kerb GuTb ,,npHMHpeHie^^ ueyscnj cHCTeMoft 
KonepHHKa h npemnecTBOBaBniHMH eft Bosap'^sijiMH? KaKB npH- 
MHpHTb Teopiio $jiorHCTOHa cb Teopieft OKHCJieniH? KaKB coBep- 
mHTb npHHHpeHie coBpeMeHHofl MejiBi^BHU cii menTaaiflMH sna* 
xapa? Bee bto cjioBa^ cjioBa h cjiosa... CaMoe ^npHMBpenie^^ 
npHHJieTaeTCH TyT-b no oanofi anaJioriH cb n^JiaMH ^h3HH npaK- 
TH^eoicofi R HHKaKoro CMucjia H 3HaieHiji h jxjih yCTaHOBRBmeficA 

H AJIH OTSKHBinefl TeOpiH He HMi^eTB. HfiaHB HBaHOBRHB MOrb nOMH- 
PBTBCH CB HsaHOirB HHKH(|)OpOBHHeM'B, HO CHCTeMa IlTOJieMeA 

MO)KerB, no^ajiyft, nqfyCRTB, HsspaTHTB, cnyTaTB CRCTeiiy KonepHH- 
Ka, HO npHMRpHTBCfl CB HeiO He MOSKCT-B: hjih COJIHIie XOAHTB 

BOKpyrB seMJiH, hjih aeMjia BOKpyrB cojiHna, — ^HRiero cpejiHHra 
6uTb TyTB He MO^eTB. ToHHo TBK^e H $HJioco$ifl: ecJiH ona 
He myTKa, He 3a6aBa, ne KyjibTypHaa no6pHKymKa, ona ne mo- 
aseTB npRHHMaTb Mi^py semefl coc^Aa ca cboeo- coGcTBeHHyio h 
npecji'^SOBaTb jib^ sajia^B 3apa3B. IIpecji'^AyH ocymecTBJieme 
TaKOfi ABOfiCTSeHHOCTH, $HJIOCO$iH TepfleTB CBoe aoctohhctbo h 
BsaM'^H'b He Mo^Kerb nojiyHerb BH^ero. 

Ho ecJiB, npeACTaBJUfl $Hj]oco$iK) t^mb, KOTopue eio HHTe« 



HOBUfl KHHTH. 4^ 

pecyioTOx HjiH »ce MoryT'B HHTepecoBaTBcs, HeoGxonnjio 6jik>cth 
ea flocTOHHCTBO H He ntixaTbCJ! hhsboahtb ee na cxeneHt cjiy- 
^aHKH, TO He MeH-^e Heo6xoAHMO npeacTaBJiflTk ee h bi* toA o6- 
CTaHOBlc^, KOTopyio OHa sacJiyxcHBaerB, h He noABepraxB ee 
cjiy^afiHOcraMi* mtinx'b 6u to bh Oujio opHXOTeft. Hano hombhtb, 
HTO cojitiiie BcxoflHT-b R Torjta, Koraa ntTyxH h ne KpHHaTi>, a, 
noTOMy— KT. leMy cjryjKarb Bct ByjibrapeuH cctinKB? Bi&jiB eoiH 
CHBTaTBCfl CO Bc^Mi> BSAopoMB, KQTopufl uHineTCfl H neHaTacTCff, 

Cb TeOCO$CKHMB, CnHpHTCKHMH H HHUMH 6pejXHflMH, H HaJIHHHOCTK 

Bx-b CHHTaTb 3a apryiieHrB, to bt* pedyjiBTaTi^ ooTiyHHTCA oabhi* 
TOJibKO cyiiCypii. Bcjib r. Cmbphob'b h o6eperaeTT> ce6fl orn 
rfexi> rycTux'b KpacoKi*, KOTopuA mohcctis jiaTB Teoco(|)iii hjih 

CnHpHTH3Ml>, TO BCC ^6 OWh^ HO OTHOmeHilO Kli COHOCTaBJieHt- 

siwb doKOBux-B no OTHomeHiio K-p $BdD[oco$CKOMy pycjiy TeieHifi, 
npBHiiHniajiBHO Aep»CBTCH Taxoro nyTH, KOTopufi otb tojibko-hto 
yxasaHHaro oTjiHHaeTca jihcob creneHBio, ott'^^hkom-b, Kojmnie- 
cTBeHHO, HTo AJiA jiaHHaro cJiynas h HeBa»CHo. npenocTaBJifla, na- 

npHM'^P'B, lieTa(|>B3HK'fe BHOCHTB Bl* (|)HJIOCO$ifO COOTB'^TCTByi>myK> 

cTen^HB nop^H, r. Cmbphob-b OTCTaaBaeTit 8Ty nop^y HueRHO- 
ByjiBrapHUM-b npieMOM-B, a bi. stom-b-to b bca ^cyTB^^ IIpbiih- 
caB-B nonyTHo Or. KoHTy Taxoe onpeA'^JieHie 2deTa(|>H3HKH, koto- 
paro KoBTB ne AasajiB h He mofb jiaTB (MeTa$B3HKa ecTB neHa- 
yHHUfi MCTOAb, rocnoflCTBOBaBmlfi b'b cpe^Bie B'i&Ka), r. Cmbp- 
HOBi), He BHHKafl B'B upBHixHniaJiBHuft xapaKTepx OTpHuaTeaiBHa« 
ro oTHomenifl ktb MeTa$B3HK']& Or. KoHTa h Apyrnx'B ^hjioco* 
(^OBHbf ccujiaeTCA, TaKi» cKa3aTB, na 6ajiJioTHpoBKy dToro sonpo- 
ca: BuxoAflT'B-jie coHBHeaiH no MeTa(|)H3HK'fe h t. a. IIpaBna^ 
BLixoAflTi>... Boji-fee Toro: n'tJiaa yflMa. jnoneft Oobtca 43-ro hh- 
cjia, 60HTCH Tpex-B QB'^Hex'B, (30HTC5I npocunaTB cojib; h Tora 
eme MaJio: KJiBxymH boiotb, anaxapH meniyTB, maiiaHi^ maMa- 
HSTi*... Ho Hey^ejiH »ce aro SHaHBTB, hto bck) STy ^npeMyjx- 

POCTB*' HaAO BKJIIOHHTB BB xypCB HayXli HJIH B'B KypCT> $HJIO- 

co$iB, xopomeHBKo Bce CM'^maTB, ,,npHifHpHTB^' H noAABaTB Ha. 
6aHKer6 Jiio6oMyApi5i? 

PascTaBaflOB cb HCKaji'^neHHofi bcbkhmh onepanijiMH, y6orofi 
H yHH:iceHHod $pjioco$iefi« BucTyuBBmefi nepeAi* naMH vis-b Jiex- 
ilid r. CMHpHOBa, mk ne Mo^eMi* ne cn'^JiaTB enie o/iHoro, xaxib 
noJiaraeifB, noJiesnaro kjih ^^mojioaux'b JiioAefl, HHTepecyioniHXCH 
^$HJioco$iefl^\ saifl^HaHifl. Ilopa 6bi nepecTaTB HanycxaTB bthx-b 
AOCTofiHULX'B yqacTin JiDAeB na njioxia KHHra, BOo6nie, h na co- 
BepmeHHO HeroAHLi5i KHHrn, B'B oco5eHHocTH. 

EcjiH K0My-HH6yz(B, MOxcerB 6utb, h noxa^eTca Hy^HUMi» 

riOXOAHTB HM'^^CT'I^ CB T. CMUpHOBLlM'B BOKpyFB Sa OKOJIO $HJIO- 

co^iH,— Ha TO ero jxo6paa bojia. Ham-B cob'^fb: jiynme BHHero 
He fli^JiaTB, Hi&M-B fl-tjiaTB ,,HHqero*'. 



44 PyCCSOB BOrATGTBO. 

Tamojspk ■ nojiiNBeHle aseHii^HHii. M. H. ByjiMinepa. cnB. 
1896. 

KHRra r. KyjiHtnepa cojiep3iCHTT> BecBua HHTcpecHusi jiaBBusi 
o pasBOzc^. B'B Hefi asTop'B, na ocHOBamH Oorararo aTHorpa(t)H- 
^ecKaro Marepiajia h cb noMomBio cpaBHHTeJiBHO-HCTopHHecKaro 
MCTojia, ocB'^^maerB oz(hhi> b3i» Ba^ECHi&fltnHX'b ota^jiobii ceiiefi- 

Haro npaBa CB TOft CTOpOHU, Cb KOTOpoft lOpHCTU ohchb piKKO 

K'b HCMy nonzoflsirB. 

no MHi&Hiio r. KyjiHinepa, pa8BOAi» bo3hhri» jiHinb cb ycTa- 
HOBJieeieMB aKsoraMH^ecKaro 6paKa nocpeACTBoiiB KynjiH. TaKi> . 
KaKB HeB']&CTa nepBOHa^ajibHO noicynaJiacB Bci&Mi» njieMeneM-B 
HceHHxa, TO npoHSBOJiii nocji^AHHro ecTecTBeBHo BCTp']&iajii> npo- 
TiiB0B']&ci> BB CTpeBUfeniH ero coponoBHieft orpaxcAaxB cboh hh- 
TepecU) — ^HeocHOBaTejiBHoe oTBep)iceHie ^eHB He tojibko BJieicno 
aa co6ofi HMymecTBeHHufl yiixep6B bb BUfffk noTepH BUKyna, ho 
HHorjia TaK^e rpo3HJio BceMy luieMeHH ^KeHHxa MecTbio co cto- 
poHu poflHuxB HeB'^oTBi. BpaKi>, uoBTOMy, pacTopraJic» tojibko 

no HSB'^CTHLIMB CepBeSHUMB OCHOBaHiflMB, CaHKKiOHHpOBaHBUUB 

o6u^aflMH H o6niecTBeHHofi BJiacTBio, — a Taxoe npeKpan^eHle 
(Spanaaro coioaa bb cymnocTH h ecTB pasBOAB. Cb TeneHieiiB 

BpeMCHH HHCTHTyTB paSBOAa SHaHBTeJIBHO pacniHpflJICfl, H BB 

pHMCKOMB npaB^ OHB y}Ke HBJi5ieTCJi BecBua paspaCoTaHauMB 
OTji^jiou-h 6paHHaro npaaa. KaHOHH^ecKoe npaso Taxxce BUHyxc- 
jieHo 6uJio noflTH Ha KoiinpoiiHccB cb ^khshbiO) ohchb jtojiro 
HrHopHpoBa^med pHropHCTHHecKi^ npejinHcaHiH nepKBH, h nony- 

CTHTB paSBOJlB HO Hi^KOTOpUMB OCHOBaHijIMB. He CMOTpil, O^BaKO, 

Ha TaKyio ycTyniRBOCTB iiepKOBHaro npana, napoAu, npBHsiBinie . 
xpBCTiaHCTBO, OHeHB Me^JneHHO npoHHKajEHCB BsrjisiflaiiH ero na 
<$paKB, B BHjiOTB Ao XV B. HOHTH HO Bceft BBponi^ pasAaioTCH 
xcajioOu* nyxoBeHCTBa aa to, hto bb hpoctomb napoji'^ 6paKH 
saKJiioiaiOTCH h pacTopraiorca 6e3B noiioniH h yqacTis iiepKBH. 
JlasKe BB HacTOflmee Bpeiiii o6uHHoe ceMeflHoe npano 3Ha- 
HBTejiBHo pasHHTCH OTB HHcaHHaro, xoTfl HOOJi'^AHee Bce 6ojii&e 
H Goji'^e cTapaercsi napajiHSOBaTB A'^ficTBie napoAHarp oGu^aa. 
Pa3CMaTpBBax coBpeMeHHyio nocTanoBKy Bonpoca o pa3B0A^, r. 
KyjiBmepB noApo6HO ocTaHaBjiHsaeTcs na npaKTHK'£ cyAOBB, 
npeHsiyniecTBeHHO aHrjiiftcKHXB, aMepnKancKHXB h pyccKHXB, no 
A&iaMB o pacTop3iceHiii 6paKa, h ii'^jiumb psaomb xapaRTepnuxB 
npHM^poBB HjjjiiocTpHpyeTB nojio^eHie SKennxBHu upn coBpe- 
iieHHOMB cocTosnaiH 6pa<iHaro npana. G6nienpBHflTUXB ocHOBaHifi 
pasBona asTopHb oTM^naeTB 5: aAiOABTepB, ABoe^enciBo, :KecT0- 
Koe oGpameHie (ciOAa bxoahtb n tjixckia ocKop5AeHix hccth, h 
HpaBCTBeHHUs o6nAu), ajioHaii'^^peHHoe ocTaBJieaie h BsaHMHoe 
OTBpameaie. CymecTBOBajiB paebine b pasBOAB no B3aHMH0My 
corAaciio, ho TenepB ohb BumeJiB h3B ynoTpe6AeHia. Cbhu'^^* 
TeJiBCTBa o npe)KHeMB cymecTBOBaniH pa3B0Aa no B3aHMH0My 



HOBUfl KHHni. 4S 

corjiaciio cynpyroBii moikho HafitH ojibhekobo H,y repMaHCKHXi» 
HaponoB'B, H 7 MajiopoccoBi», H y BeaHBopoccoBii, h asTopob sa- 
naeTCs BonpocoiTB, KaKir mofjio cymecTBOBaxB TaKoe ocHOBaHie 
pasBona Bi* npe^Hin BpeMeaa, Koraa HceemBHa nrpajia bi> ceiiBi^ 

BnOJIH']^ SaBHCHIiyiO, yBB3HTejIl>HyiO pOJIB. OlB^Tb Ha 8T0T']b BO« 

npocB caMi> aBTopi» jiaerB cji'^jiyiomifl: „pa3B0iii» no ssaHiiHOMy 
corjiaciio ecTb nocn^ACTBie, HeB36'£^'Hafl npBHajiJie^BOCTB 8hao- 
raMHHecKaro Opaxa, npoAojuKaBmaro oymecTBosaTb bi» Teieme 
Bceft HCTopiH KyjiBTypHux-B HapoAOB'B, caanajia bi» bbj^ jiosbo- 
jieHHofi (^opMU Opaxa (ti8US)« ssa^wb bi* bha^ K0HKy6HHaTa h, 
HaKOHem>, BTh BHiii& cBiisn, KOTopafl HMeeyeTca HeaaKOHHofl^^ 
06'hsicaeBie 9to 3acjiy3KBBaeTi> oco6eHHaro BEHMaHis noTOMy^ 
HTo lopHCTLi Bi* 6ojii»niBHCTB'£ cayHaeBOb cosepmeBHO He chh- 

TaiOTCfl CB rtlll» HCtOpHHeCKHMl» MaTepiaJIOMl*, KOTOpufl JlAJl'h 

B03M0)KH0CTB T. KyjiHinepy npHjXTH Ki» npHBeAeHHOMy JifoGonLiT- 
HOMy BUBOAy. OneBHAHO, >ito TaKi* Ha3UBaeMufi HeaaKOBHuft 
6paKi» He ecTb KaKoe-HB6yAB cjiynafiHoe iiBjieHie^ a coaioAoni- 
HecKifi $aKn>, HM'^ioniifi cboio caMocTOiiTejiLHyio HCTopiio pa3Bn- 
Tifl H CBOH cneniajiBHiiiii nepru. BeAs CBoe npoHcxo3KAeHie orb 
dHAoraMHHecKaro 6paKa, 6paHHoe co^htcjibctbo no B3aHMH0My 
coFAaciio He ocTajiocb 6e3i> BAiJiHiii na saKOHHue 6paKH, koto- 
poe, no cJioBaM-b aBTopa^ 6luio bhojib'S o6jiaropa»CHBaiomaro 
x^paKTepa, h6o ^ao r^xrh nopi^ noKa AJiHJiaoB CBoOoAHas CB^aB, 
ona MorAE Aep^aTBCJi jibuib aio6obbio h npBBsisaHHOCTBio; 
My^KHHBa npiyiaACii bi> STofi CBfl3H ki» ysasiceHiK) ahhbocth skch- 

mBHU, H STO HyBCTBO, XOTA, 6l1TB MO^CTX, Bl* OCAa6AeHHOMl> 
BHAi^, COXpaHflJIOCB BnoCAi^ACTBiH H HO BCTyDAeHlB Bit 3aK0BHiafl 

CpaK-B". 

CaMo C06010 pa3yiii&eTCfl, hto BAuiHie^ He3aK0HB£ixi» 6paK0Bi» 

Ha 3aK0HHUe 6uJL0 TOABKO OAHOft B31> BTOpOCTeneHHUXli npH- 

iHHi», coA'^ficTBOBaBHiHX'b pacmBpeHiio npas'B aaKOHHofi >KeHLi, 
CMjirHHBtnHX'B efl noJio^eaie b'b ceiiB*^ h orpaABsmaxx ee, xotb 
CKOJiBKo-HHGyAB, 0Ti> HacHjiifi H DpoB3BOJ]a Myxca. Fopa3AO 60- 
jrke cepBe3Hi>ie pesyjiBTaru B'b btom'b HanpaBAeniH abjih raKie 
$aKTU, KaK'B pacKpl^nomeBie abhhocth Boo6me, HaiaBmeecji bi> 
EBponi^ Bi> xoHn'^ npomAaro ctoa'^tIsi h npoAOA^aiomeecH eme 

nOHUH*^, a ISLKTKe 6uCTpUft pOCrB, XyJIBTypBLlfi H yMCTBeHHBlfi, 

Bc^xit cjioeB'B esponeflcKaro BaceACHiH. T'^mi» ne Meni^e mucjib 
r. KyjiHmepa ne ABOiHHa oparBHaABHOCTH. Boo6nxe, cA'^AyerB 

OTM'^^THTB, HTO B'B KBUr^ F. KyABHiepa BCTp'^^HaiOTCfl BeCBMa HH- 

TepecHue buboau h m-^tkis coDOCTasAeBifl, ho, KaK'B n'^Aoe, ona 

HeAOCTaTOHHO npOHBKByTa eABHOfi MUCJIBK), TaK'B HTO Aa^e BCTO- 

piH pasBOAa H3A0^eHa bi* nefi AajieKO Be TaK'B nocAi^AOBareABHo 
H CHCTeiiaTB^HO, KaK'B 3T0F0 iio^HO 6ujio o)KBAaTB, cyA^ no 60- 
raTOMy MarepiaAy, KOTopuMx pacnojiaFaAi* asTopii. 



46 P7CGB0B BOTATCTBO. 

aSeHCKfft BonpoeK vh epexHie Bftxa. lip. Bi^xepa. Hep. (a 

siM. OA6ooa. 1896. 

JIioncKoft aroHSMi* sceraa ocoOeHHO npHBOJibHO pacnpasjiflji'B 

CBOH KpUJIBSI Bl» BOnpOC^ O paBHOQpaBHOCTH ^eHmBHU H My»C- 

"fHHU Bii Toft ofijiacTH, FA^, cTajiKHBaflCb Me3iCAy C06010, BejlYTh 
ynopHyio 6opb6y 3a cymecTBOBame— xpyflt, chocoOhocth h ana- 
fiifl HeJioBi&Ka. 3A'^cb, bi> TaKoft 6opb6']&, My^qHHa Bcerjia 3a6oT- 
JIBBO oGeperaJii* ceGii otb HSJiHoiHeft KOHKyppeHD(tH co cTopOHU 
jKeHDiHHbi, cTapaJiCb aaKpuTb ajis Heii pasHua o6jiacTH npHJUojKe- 
Bifl jiHHHaro Tpyna, OTKaausasi efi bi> o6pa30BaHiH9 HHmeHCKH 
onJiaiHBaH efl pa6oHift neah. H bi. to jkc BpeiiB — B-b jipyroil 
o6jiacTB, rji% xceHmHHa ^Bjiajiacb nepeAtb aaMH "gEyxcaafl jc^Jio- 
BHTocTB, 6e3neiHaJi h JserKOMucJieHHasi, CJincTaiomaii CBoeft (^Ji- 
3E[HecKofl KpacoTofli ^apyiomaa h ooBHHflioxaafl HacB cbohmb 
npejiecTMMB,— TaJTb MysiCHHHa npeAOcraBJiiui'B ed nepBoe m^cto, 
jiHaeM']&pBO BOCZBaJiiui'B ee, uaii'&jiflji'b HenpHcymaMH efl Kaie- 
CTBaMH H npeflynpcffHTeJibflo ycxynaji-B efl flopory, 

Bpomiopa npo($. Biozepa, TpaKxyx o ;KeHCKOMi> Boopoci^ b'b 
<:peAHeBi&KOBofl FepMaBiH, dohtb HCKJiio<iHTejiBHO pascMaTpaBaerb 

BOnpOCb O $II3HHeCK0M'b ^eHCKOICB TpyA')^. OAHaKO, He CMOTpil 

Ha TO, HTO dTa 6poniiopa xacaeTca tojilko oaboA cTopoHu ^ea- 
CKaro Bonpoca B'b cpeiiHie B'^Ka, uu HafiAeifb B'b Hefl Ty ;Ke 
icapTHHy My^cKofl BecnpaseAJiHBOCTH, i^ 3Ke aroHCTHHecKie mo- 
THBbi, r£ ^e nenanbHUfl nocji'^ACTBi^, KOTopua mu HadJiioaaeM-b 
H B'b HBCTosimee Bpeua. PasHHaa JiHmb B'b tomi*, ^to, ecjiH Te- 
oepb HAerb p^Hb o Goji'^e npasHJibHOfl nocTaHOBK*^ Bucmaro 
iKeHCKaro oGpadOBanifl, o AonymeHiH xcenoiHH'L na rocyAapcTBen- 
Hyio a oGmecTBCHHyio cjiyxcCu, 06'b ypaBBeeiH B'b sioM'b nxii 
npaB-b ci> MysiCHBHaM^f to bi> cpcAHi^ B-^^xa — fiojibmax ^acTb 
npejiMeTOB'b, oTHOCflmaxcfli ao ^eHcicarp Bonpoca, npeaiiyme 
<nrBeHH0 cocpeAOTOHHBajiacb B'b onpeA'^JieHiH t'^^xi* ycAoeiA, ko- 
TOpLifl AonycKaJiB npHH^HCBie b% oOnxecTBeaHofi }Ka3Ba ^KeacKaro 

TpyAa: AaBaAH B03MO)iCHOCTb OABHOfCOft ^eBniBHi^ npo^KBTb 6e3'b 

HyjKAU a JiHiDeHift. H B'b BTou-b oTHomeBia 6pomiopa Eioxepa 
3acjiy;KBBaerb t'^mi» CoJibmaro BBHMaaisi, hto, houhho H3;i02Ke- 
fiifl paBAH^HUxi* nepaneTifl Bonpoca o ^KeacKoicb TpyA'fi B'b cpeA- 
Hie B']&Ka B'b FepMaHia, HHTaTCJib naflAeTi* bi> aefi Hi^KOTopusi 
HpesBUHafiHO HHTepecHUfl CTaTHCTBHecKis AaHHua: o Hacnea* 
HOM-b oTHomeaia o6oax% nojioanb, o xceaaiaaazit-n/iaTejibmHaax'b 
Haj]oroBi» a npoH. 



ysaBOHeHie h ycHHOBJieHie A^xeft. Hbx. n. MtpTuaoBa. one. i896. 

Bpomiopa 3aKJiiO<iaerb B'b ce6']& coAepHcaaie BaKOHa 12-ro 
MapTa 91*ro roAa Cb noc;i']&AyK)maMH paaiiacHeHiflMa ceaaTa. 
HDpacT'b-TeopeTaK'b aaflAeTb bi> aefi motebu 3aKOHa 12-ro Mapra 



HOBUfl KBHTH. 47 

m npyriii cooOpasKeHis, pyKOBonnBmiji saKOHoxaTeJieMX bi> pe- 
TJiaMeHTaiiiH HacTHHzi> BonpocoBi> yaaKOHesis h ycunoBJienisi, 
lOpHCTynpaKTBKy h sasice JinaaifB, npooTO ^HTepecyK>II^IMCM 
BTBifb BonpoooMi, 6pomiopa ara jiSiCTh noApo6Hux TOJiKOBaalH 
icajKAOft coMHHTejibHoQ CTaTbH, pa3i>flCHeHiH ceaara no Bonpo- 
cairi>, Bcrp'^^aBmHM'B saTpyAHeeiH Ha npaKTBK^ (nanp., othoch- 

TeJlbHO A'^Xefi HHOCTpaHI^eB'B, paCKOJIBHHKOBlt, OTHOCHTeJIbHO co- 

raaciji cynpyroBii h np.)i HaKOHem>9 oCpsLsnu npomeBifl h 6y- 
iiarB, HyacHux-B npn x;ionpTaxi> oC-b ysaKoacHiH h ycHHOBJie- 
bIh, a TaiuKe uopsLjioK-h npOBSBOHCTBa A^Jia. Bo bchkomb cjiy- 
Hat, TOTB $aKTi>, HTO BT. TCHeHie BenpoAOJDKHTejiBHaro spe- 
neBH sBBJiacb HaAo6HOCTB BO BTopoin» BdAaniR dTOfi 6poai!opLi^ 
flCHO noKaauBaerB^ Ha ckojibko ^HBoft HHTepecB npencTaBJiHCTB 
ji,jis Hamero oCmecTBa es coAepsKanie. 



Hermanii de Baets. HcBjeerBO tobophtb ea cjA'b- nepes. 
c'B (})paHi^. BmoBcxaro. M. 1896. 

ABTopB HasBaHHaro co^HHeniH— rcBTCKifl aAB0KaT'B« a nepcBe- 

ACBHUfi r. BuXOBCtCHMli Tpyfl'B eCTb paSB JieKmft, ^HTaHHUX'b 

BeTcoifB BO $paHiiy3CKofl K0H(^epeHniH mojioauxi^ aziBOKaTOB-b. 

OcHOBHaH MLICJIB 6pomK)pU O'leHb CHMnaTHqea. ABTOp-B — npOTHB- 

HEKii Toro aABOKaxcKaro KpacHop'i&ii5i, KOTopoe roHHTCfl sa 3$- 
•^eKTaiiH, sa MemypHUM'B ycn'§xoiii>, sa GjiecKOMB (|>pa3u, nnor- 
jia Bi* ymepCi) caiiony A^Jiy. Abtop^ cmotphtb na aABOKara, 
KSKi) na oepBeanaro coTpyAHHKa cyABH, oGiiaaHHaro Bui^cTi^ cb 
HBMi> BjiTH KB HaH5ojii&e npaBHJiBHoiiy paap'SmeHiio BonpocoB'B, 
K-B yscHCBiio Toro, HTO He noflHaexcH ycBocHiio CesB cocpefloxo- 
'HeHHofi, BaDp^BceHHofi pa6oxu MucjiH. HaKo MHoro pa6ox»xB, nay- 
^axB Ka^jioe n^jio cb npBJie»caHieMi> h nacxofiiBBOcxBio; Hajio 
iiHoro HHxaxB no paanuM-b oxpacjisHB anaHin, ynoxpe6jiflXb He 
Majio ycHJiifi Ha ycxpaBenie cbohxb oprann^ecKHX'B neAOCxax- 
KOBi», Hajio paCoxaxB, xpy^HTBca peryjispno, CHCxeMaxHHecKn — 
H xorna bu jiocxHrHeTe HCKyccxaa* roBopnxB na cyji'fe, x. e. ao- 
'CXBFHexe Btb CBoeft p'^hb acbocxh, KpaxKocxH, nocjii&AOBaxejiB- 

HOCTH H y6'§ABXeJIBH0CTH... 

Boxib cymBOcxB coiHBeHis Jle Bexca. ABXopx He ny^AB 
yBJieneHifi; xaKi^, nanp.^ bt* ero ^paa-^: ,,6yKBajiBH0, aOooJiniHo 
H 6eaycj]0BHO ae npnroxodJtHflxe aapaa^e Bamnx'B cyi]e6HJbixB 
p^iefl**, Bl&Koxopue HafiayxT., noxcajiyft, napaflOKcaJiBHOcxB. Ho, 
KOXAa BexcB roBopHXi», hxo HCXHsnoe KpacHopi^nie ny^AaexcM 
He Bi* cjiOBaxB, a bi* BAeaxB; hxo o6jiaAaK>nUfl CoraxbiMB aa- 
nacoMB AyzoBHUX'B cokpobhoi'b Bceraa HafiAexB ny^cHiaiH, Aa^e 
H9LVL6oJi^e noAXOAflOiifl Bupa^iceHisi bi* CBoeft p'^rh; Korjia ob-b 
Bume Bcero cxaBHTB cxporyio JioraHHOCXB h nocji'^AOBarejiBHocxB 
Miiicjiefl, KoxopuH AOCXHraiOTCfl ynopauMi xpyAOMB, xo hcbojibbo 



48 P7CCX0B BOFATCTBO. 

sBJiJieTCfl yC^acAenie, hto aBTopi» BnoABi^ npaBi». CoHBHenie 
BeTca, nepeBejtieBHoe scBUM-b e KpacHBUMi» ABTepaTypHuifB sou* 
KOMi>, noJiesBo npo^BTaTB ho tojibko lopBCTy, bo h KaBCflOMy 
oGpasoBaBHOMy nejiOB^icy. 



HoBHH KHHrH, noeTynHBnilflBTbpeAaKn;lK). 

Co6paHie coHBHenifi H. H. Hay^osa. Bi xsyxi lovaxi. Esx- 0. H. 
nonoBoA. Cn6. 1897. I^. sa o6a Tova— 3 p. 

GTHxoTBopeHia AJieKcaB^pa MeflcBepa. Cavapa. 1897. 0. 50 x« 

Epefiaeposa coHaxa HcnojHHTeia. SaiiHcsH Tpyxa^eBOKaro. Cs6. 
1897. D;. 50 K. 

A. A. Haspoi^elft (H. A. BpoI^elfl). GBasania MHHyBinaro. PyccBia 
5IUHHII H npe;^aBia bi CTHzaxi. Cn5. 1897. II. 1 p. 75 s. 

Pascsasu J^& x^iefi. P. KHnnHBra. RBBSsa BTopaji. Ct asriift* 
cisaro. A. PoasAecTBeHCKit. M. 1897. Il(. 4o x. 

aCH3Bb H yxHBBTeiBBHfl BpBEJiDHeBia PoChhcohb Kpy80, iopx< 
csaro BopflKa, pascsasaBBKH flu's caifEM'b. Co^BBCBie J^bhIbjih A®<do. 
nep6B0A% ci aBrjiiflcKaro UeTpa KoBnaiOBCKaro. Hs;^. U-oe. M. 1897. 

n;. 1 p. 50 K. 

3apHBim. BTopofi ctiopsBsi pascsasoBi jifis. cxapniaro BOspacTa Jl^ H« 
MaMHHa— ChOhpbkb. Hsx. pex. sypnaja ^^^TCKoe ^eaie". M. 1897. 
D;. 76 fi. 

AieeyinsHHii cRasBH. A. H. MaBAHHa— ChOhpbkb. {Bb6j. nJifb^ 
CKaro HieBia"). M. 1897. JJ,. 75 k. 

CoHBHeflia HapjiBsa AHKKenoa. Uojmoe co6paBie bi 10 Toiiaxih 
cb nopTpeTOB^b H 6iorpa4)iei H. ^BKBesca. T. X-hS. Hsx. ^. IlaBieHsoBa^ 
Cn6. 1897. H;. 1 p. 50 a. 

Co6paBie coHBHeBifi FeHpHKa .HGoeHa. T. lY. Esx* I- DpoBCxaro. 
Cn6. 1896. H;. sasAOMy Toiry 1 p. 

H. A. Eofi^eBCKlft. DMopBCTB^ecKaa <3BeBAa>. IIodHa bi CTHzan^ 
Cn6. 1896. H;. 1 p. 50 b. 

A. MaMHH1k-CH6HpHKn». UpBBaiOBCBie BBJUiOBH. PoKaHi. 'Bsju 
A. EitiBvoBa H M. RjooBHHa. M. 1897. Hj. 2 p. 

BB6iiOTesa xajeBBKaro ^mTaieiii. 1) CCopsBKi pascsasoBi h cthxotbo-> 
peHid. CocTaBHirB B. KojiBiMOBrb. Kbbsbh nepBaa h BTopaa. 2)6oMBa— 
AypaKi. Pascsas'b Ahhm Aopbhobh^'b. 3) C6ophbbi pascBasoBi b 
CTHzoTBopeHid. CocTaBHii A. Hbhhi». Hsa. B. G. GiupHAOHOBa. M. 1896. 

B;. SaX^Ofi KHHSSH 15 B. 

A. A. B'JtoOMOpoKlft. GiBzoTBopesia. Gn6. 1896. I^. 50 k. 
P. A. MeB^eneBiByvh. GBAxoHBua nodiiH. M. 1897. b;. 50 k. 
n. n. FepacHMeHKO. MEHiaT£)ps. Ha6pocKB h pascEasu. XapB<« 
BOBt. 1896. n;. 1 p. 

GBo6oj(HaH BOJLB, JljpaHa bi bbtb j^i&cTBiJiX'b. AHjQpeH HHOKaro« 
Kiesi. 1896. 



HOBiifl lEHflnr. 49 

ApOysOB'B. Gsasu. Phto. 1896. I^. 60 k. 

Hb. a. ByHHH'B. Ba Kpat CBiia h xpyrie pascKasH. Hsx. O. H. 
HonoBoft. Gn6. 1897. S;. 1 p. 

PeflHCKUi leresxH. B. BaJEOOEHOBOft. Cn6. 1897. B;. 1 p. 40 k, 
A- MaMinTB-CHgHpHirb. HcnoB^xb. PascsaaiN Cii6. 1897. 
BacHH H 6Hin. H. B. MaoJiOBa^a. Cn6. 1897. !(. 50 s. 
CpeXH KOPJUCOBI. PascBasH K. M. GTaHK>KOBHHa. Ob pHCyHBaMH. 

iBXftHie pexaKKiH sypnaia ^^iTCsoe ^eme**. M. 1897. H, 60 s. 

UpRBJDo^eHiii OAHoro cKHTaiiiKa. IIoBicTB M. H. AjEbCkiBa. C% 
pHcyHEavH. Haxame pexasJUH sypnaia c^iTCBoe ^Tesie*. M. 1897. 
m.1 p. 

r. BpaH^eorE. JEBTepaxypHiie'iiopTpeTii. JTaccaib. — SyxepnaH'b. — 
raynmaHi.— B8pB6.— 'FeftHe b ApBCTotj^asi. nepesoA^ 0%. Btoeosaro. ISsi. 
L DpoBCBaro. Cn6. 1896. U. 1 p. 35 k. 

HcTopU BOBiftmeft pyccsofl jraTepaxypn. 1848 — 1892 rr. A. M. 
CKaOH^esoKaro. Esx. TpeiBe HcnpaBi. b xonojcaeBBoe $. IlaBieEBOBa. 
Gb6. 1897. K. 2 p. 

Saa^eBie A. C. rpB6otxoBa bi yxcTBeBBOHrb pasBBTis pyccsaro o6o(e- . 
CTBa H BJOBBie KOfliojacBaro ara aa Pocciv). M. I. CarapaAse. ^1^ 
ny6iflHBHfl jesidB, ^BTaB. vh r. SyTaBcd^ 14-ro b 26-ro aapijifl 1895 roxa. 
KyraflCb. 1895 H;. 40 b. 

Kapji'B BK>xeprB. npoBczosxeaie raseTH. IlepeBox^ c% Btaeiquro. 
Ebx. L DpoBcsaro (.MesxyBapoxBaa BB5iioT6Ba'' Ji 46) Gfl6. 1896. 
H. 15 B. 

niaTOBL Ero sbbbbl b (f^aiocoij^cBaA x^TeibBOCiL. £ioTpa4>. onepBi 
B. OpjiOBa. H3X* ^' IlaBieBBOBa. (^Kasab sandb^. jooxefl^). Cb6. 1896. 
31. »B. 

BeiBKie juoxa b azi BejBBia upoBBBexeaiB. Pascsaw o coopyatefliaxi 
SBaaieBHTim BBsesepoKb. <t». M. FojiBMOa. Ob npajoseaieii^b acTop. 
o^epsa pasBBTiA seiisaiirb xoporb, aapoxoxcTsa a cpopyateBia MOCTOB!b 
B Tyaaeieft b% Poccia^ cocTaBieaaaro E. SpacaoBUMrb. 77 auDCTp. Fb Tes- 
crt. nepeBox^ c% aariiftcKaro. Cfl6. 1897. II. 1 p. 50 b. 

n. rB,%]sjm». HcTopifl BCsyccTBi. T. I. Biia. 1-Hft. Ga6. 1897. II 
1-ro Bun. 1 p. 

npo4». 8bc. HayMannb. HuDCTpEpoBaaaafl Bceo6fliaB acTopui MysusB 
PasBBTie nysHBaxbaaro aeByccxBa cb xpeBaMmaxi Bpeiiea'b xo BaaiBZ'b 
xaeft. nepeBoxi c% fliM. c% japadaBieHieiirb ovepaoBi aeTopia HysiiKB Vh * 
Poccia flox'b pex. Hbb. ^J^aaxefiseBi. Ton. I. Bua. 1, 2 a 3. Hsx. ^. B. 
nieaaBcaaro. Cn5. 1896. noxaacaaa otaa (20 bhb.) 10 p. 

A-prb 8jiB3eHraHOi». l^jeiieBTapBoe onacasie xyBieaaim jtBiesiA 
(nSpaTEaa ncaxoioria xia caHOo6pa30Baflia''). nepeaeirb ci» b^m. M. Oro- 
iflpoBi. Eax. BBBsaaro Bar. A. ^. Sap^aniaa. XapbBOBi. 1896. I^. 40 b. 

HoBiifl MeacxyBapoxaufi sL^uiL'b „npoMeTefl-BpocBtTBTeib'*. Bub. l-aft. 
X-pa H. HOBO^yMa. Riesib 1896 H. 15 b. 

fl. KojiyOOBOKift. $aj[oco4»ckifi eseroxBBBi. Odsopi Baarb, CTaTei 
B saM^TOBi, apeBMyBtecTBeaao aa pyccBOMi ASinci, amiiDBiBzrb OTBomeBie 
Kb i|^BJoco(t)CEaM'b SBaaiflifb. Fox'b Biopofi. 1894. Hsx. «S* $• naBTeiteaa. 
If. 1896. - 

M. M. OHJiHnnoB'ib. ^aiocoij^iB x^flcTBBTeibBOCTa. HcTopia a 
BpBTBHecBifi aaaiBSi aayHEO-ij^BioecHJ^CBaxrb vipocosepKaaiJt oti xp^bboctb 
xo aauiax'b xsefl. Bun. III. Co6. 1896. IIoxuBCBaH iitea (4 bhb.) 5 p. 

H 1. OTjKbs-h n. 4 



HTOrrb HCH8RH. noiiyMjij^feiii Oioxomeesift onepc^ CM, 1887. 

ill p. 

H. MHHOKlft. npH cBiii coBicTH. Mhcxh m iceiK o vbm mmam. 
Hsx. Btopoc. Gn6. 1897. H;. 1 p. 

Al. !6. OeUHBafiOB^. %o ecn HOVKsa. #aioe<4eBii onepK^. 
Omck'b 1896. 

'KpaTsift OHepBi Hcropis rpevecsoft 4^uoo(M|^iH. Bsn. nepBHft. IC. I.* 
Carapaffde. :E^aH<yB. 1896. n;. 40 b. 

fiaiiia MBTh npHjio^^a, sasi cyn^eoxBo «eioBtBO»N(o6Hoe vb mtx- 

. Y^BOMl. H SenCKOlTb pCXaX!b &H8HH. M. 1896. !(• 1 p. 

H. KairbeBi^. OcHOBHiie BonpocH ^exoco^iiil ncToplH. O&h ^cth a» 
oxHOte TOM'b. Tpene (c6KpaKeHHoe) HsxaHie. Gn6. 1897. U. 2 p. 60 e. 

^. Bdp^nb (Ch. Baard). Pejiopmiiiii XYI Bisa Kb ea OTfloiaeBiH <% 
HOBOMj MHBueHii) H 3HaHiD« IlepeBOxi Jl. A. BBflrHHiieBa aoxi p^ a «& 
irpexBcioBieiTb npoif). H. H. KapdtoBa. Hsx* O. H. IIonoBoft (y^jATypHO- 
"tert^. 6h6j[.). Cn6. 1897. It. 1 p. 25 s. 

H. B'bJiHiiieBOKlft. ApxeoioTHHecBift (ybiax^ vb Pnii. OrjMCK^m&b 
^HfpBtLtA „KieBCKafl OrapiiHa*'. RieBi. 1896. 

BHTanlft BfiHTopHrb. Rhhth RieBCBOi h JIlbobcboI aeuTS a% 

IfOCEFb F& TpeTBD ^eTBOpTB XVII B. M. 1894. 

£ro-»e. PiHH, npoRSHeceHHBUi loaBBEKieMrb VtJuaoBcsmM% vb MoQiift 
's% 1670 r. M. 1895. 

8t>ReoT% JlaBHOorb. QvepaH no HCTopiH Ilpyccui. nepeBox^ A. 
Tncxj^eeBoA. M. 1897. H;. 1 p. 

OoBOGOHTAQHle RpeoTBAHnb Ha 3ana^ h bctopU nosexen- 
iBbHtzob OTHomoHift Vb repMamH. GxaTBH m Ha^dwOrterbach der Staatsiria- 
Bensehaften. IlepeBOXi npoB^peHi H. Boxobobobhmi h C. ByirasoBim. Hix. 
%. n. BoxofBdsiMioft. M. 1897. I^. 1 p. 50 s. 

'MeiKeHMlb KoaaajieBOKlft. npOHexoaxeme coBpcMemoft x^o- 
tpatiB. T6wb IV. Hbx. K. T. OoxxaTemeoBa. M. 1897. It. 2 p. 

HcTopia <|^aB^yBcaoft peBOumiB. CoHHHeHie MHHBe. IlepeBO^ eb 
9-TO (1865 r.) <^paHi(. HBXaHia nox% pex. b cb apexHCioBiex^b S. K. ApeeH&- 
eBB. Hsx- 3-e, p. H. IIonoBoft. Oie6. 1897. I^. 1 p. 

npoo. Koneprb. DpaBO, RaKi aieiieBT^b BjATypu. IlepeBOX^ A. 9. 
'^B^ca. („Bonpocu HayBB, vcByeCTBa, iHTepatyps h amsHH'S J^ 4). Hix* 
itH. 'xar. rpocvan h Bae6diB. M. 1896. I^. 20 s. 

TjopexBuft xipi. (Tbiu h xapasTepHCTBBH) A-pa Biihjdlh HopaHa. 
'IlepeBOX^ c% (^paHQ. C. ULiUBepa. Esx. A. SaHTopoBH^a. G,K)pBxnecMa 
BB5ii0TeBa«. J\6 13). Cn6. 1896. b;. 1 p. 60 k. 

' Hapoxi H BiacTB b's BBsaHTificBOiirB rocyxapcTBi. Omirb hctophbo- 
'^XorHaTB'iecKaro B3ciixoBaHia. B. M. FpHGOBOKaro. Cn6. 1897. 1^.2 p. 

CHSuHHoe npaBO KpecTBBH's zapLBOBCsofl ry6epBiH. Bhh. I-hA. IIox^ 
*'pex. B. B. HsaHOBa. Hax* XapssoB. ry6. CTaTHCTHT. KoxHTOTa. Xap^- 
BOBi. 1896. 

B. HpMOHRHHrb. OcHOBu HeorpaHB^eHHoft xoHapxiH. Cn5. 1895. 

B. <E>. San'JbOKlft. BiacTB b npaBO. ^uocoj^ia odiesTB^Baro npaaa. 
EasaHB. 1897. H. 2 p. 

BeHHcaMeHi» KtLjifl;i>. CoiuaiBsaB bbojuoi^U. Ci ipexBcioBiiuyi 
H. R. MflxaAjroBcxaro h iipo(|» BeficHaHa» IlepeBOX'b ei aHriificBaro. Hsx- 
O. H. IIonoBOiS („KyiBTypBO*HeTopHqecBaa Bn5£.^'). Gfl6. 1897. !(• 1 f • 
25 b; 



P. ;pop^iO^. .Q(5mflcx^(^9^ ,oiM!a^8i|>. ^epeJ^<Y^'^ c* teaHn. no^ 
pex. H c% npeAHCi. iipo<t^. A. G. TpaveBcsaro* Hba. ^. IlaBiepKQBa. ^Cii6. 

KanHian. RpHTUsa noiHTH^ecsoJI dftOHOMiH. Qp^H^nie ^^Iffift 
J|fapK<^|, is^iaHHQe ,poj^* peji, *p. anrejiBca. DepeBOJit^ci p4|i. TrilL 

Logica ekonomii Napisal Zygmxvat Heryn^:. Warszawa. 1896. 

^apoffqpacjCMxaBle ^ yH^^i0 o 9apo;q;OHi^oeMi^^ir. CraTBH 
|Q» Handwdrt^rba^h der S^t^wisseasQhaften. IlepeBOj^B npoBipen C. Bj^zra- 
MOMwth, HsA. M. H. BoxoBoaoBofi. M. 18d7. I^. 1 p. 50 k. 

tHnpxpHf(i»d[ l^peg^fiTB b'b AB(iTpo-Bejp[i:plH. SpifHre^i cits- 
^IfiVb npeACTajBftXQAe^ ji^a^eHift pyccitaro sexe^naro spe^HTa. Cii6. 
^886. ■ ■ 

BonpocH pyccBoft npoMuauoHHOCTH. C. CeprbeBB. („Bh((i. Qfio^ecT- 
jAeHHsxi 3q[aHift'\if:ox:B p^ X G. dw^). O^ecea. 1897. n. 40 s. 

I^H^poBo^ f^BfkW'h pa3c?eTBaro 6aiaEca PocciH 9a nuTBaxiiaT^Tie. 
1881—1895. Xouax'B oCmficiBj jua eojc^ficTBia PyccKoft npoininueHHOc^ 
fi Tpprppycb^C. O. ipapanoBa, Ha ooBOBaniH igi^^poBiixi xaHHHzi» ccKSp^k- 
Him H crpynnHpoBaHHim n. B. Oieitu Gn6- 1897. 

4L A. Kay<q^|4aHnb. I^peciBUHCRaa (XSnqraaBi^^^tfipn. Uoii^cthbii^ 
ii3Cjrl^o^»Hia;n 1886—1892 rr. Cn5. 1897. H. 1 p. 50 k. 

HflpoAHHH nepenHCH. 06niexocTy]iHHft oneps'L. CocTaBH^TB H. C« SafCB. 
<»,Bh(Si. OOjD^ecTB. 3HaBifl'S CepU L Bun. Il-ft) Oxecca. \BQ7. I](. 30 k. 

Oixoxie npoHHCJOi Bi CifoieHCBoft ry6epHiH bb 1892—1895 rr. ff,- ^. 
^Ca^KOBrb. HsAasie CxoxefiCKaro ry6epHcxaro SexcTBa. Gxoi^Hcn. 
1896. 

To(!ai&csiA canoauusi. (OnHTb nacTHaro Hsci^AOBaaiA (;aii<>fKHafo 
spoMiKMa H nojosBHifl canoBKHHKOBB B% To6aiBCKi). naBeji'B ,Cy,^a- 

BOB'B. ,Tp6(aBCK'B. 1896. 

CpOjapoKoe nepeoejieHle. Cn6. 1897. U. 17. x. 

B. O. MocKBa. RpaxRie o^epsH ropoxcKoro 6jaroycTpoftCTBa. y. Ig97. 
.H. 40.^ 

GHaHHsn y x^Teft. Ero bphhhhh, chiuitoiisi, nociixcTBia h lexeme, 
^-pa H. K^ OlMyKjiepa. KIbb'b. 1896. H. ZO jl ' 

6i^BHe()jiorH%ecafn:i cpexciBaxi PocciH. JI. BepTBHOOBa. J(ouiix^, 
5piTi^HHiifl sa ^esxyH. KaBrpecc:ib no rHxpoJoriH, reoioriH h UHJiaToioriH 
Wh KiepxoHi— ^eppaHi, b's ceHTH6pt 1896 roxa. CnO. 1897. I^. 20 k. 

Kib Bonpocy coBpexeHHovi noioseniH h (SiHsafiHiHX'b saxa^nn 
licceHB^aiuH pyccEHxi , ropoxoBB. MaTepiain no otfn^ecTBeHHoft rHrioH^ 
n. II. B-ltooycOBa. Cn6. 1896. IL 1 p. 

AisoroJiH^rB h o6HiecTBeHHaii 6opL6a cb wsLWb. (Ho HOBoxy otkphtU 
ooneHHTejbCTB'B TpedBocTH) A-pa xexHi^HHH M. H. KosHHi^eBa. CTapo* 
xy6i. 1896. U. 25 K. 

Or^eTo* HHseropoxcJEaro ropoxcKaro caHHiapHaro Bpa^a H. A. Fpaixla- 
HOBB sa 1895 rox'B. HHSHifi-HoBropoxB. 1896. 

KoHcneKTb OHHcaieiBHofi aHaTOMin HeioB^Ka. CocTaBHTb npHxiHHreiLHO 
K% Tpe6oBaHiAHi MexHKHHCKod HcnuTaTeiBHofi soKHcciH Mhxbhji'B r* 
Bhh. I. y^eHie soctbxb. M. 1897. I(. 20 s. 

A-P'i> r. IIjiocci>. ^eHopLHa bt* ecTecxBosHaHiH h HapoxoB:IM^HiK» 
AHTponoioruHecsoe BcjixoBanie IlepeBOX'b cb 5-ro tfbx. hsx. J(-pa A. R^ 

4* 



^^2 PyOOKOB BOriTCTBO. 

xapoBCKaro. T. I. Bim. I. Hsx. ^. B. n^eoaHcsaro. Cn6. 1897. Hoxo* k^hi^ 
(20 BHn.). 10 p. ' 

Mosrosaa pa6oTa h nepeyroMieme. A. BjidRKa. IlepeBOA'B c% aHri«. 
HsA* 9. nasieHSOBa. Gn6. 1897. II. 80 k. 

Asc. n. KyiTB. HoBas zHiiiji. IlepeBoxi* ci 10-ro aHu. rax. A. B.. 
AiezHHa noAi pex. M. H. KoHOBaioBa. („BH6iioTeBa xucanoot^asoBaHui'^ 
VI). M. 1897. II. 1 p. 75 B. 

OaAO. Hay^HHfl satiaBii. 2BieBiA h onum, ocHOBaHHHe Ea otixaH^L 
^jBCTBi. IlepeBoxi ci> ^paHi(. E. npexTe^eHcsaro. Esx* ^* UaBieHsoBa^ 
Cn6. 1897. Hj. 50 a. 

SHBOBHCHafl acTpoBovui K. OjiaifMaploHa. Otfn^ee oinicaHieBceieH- 
Hoft, yB^HHaHHoe MoHTioHOBCsofi npeideft h oxotipeHHoe 4>paHn. Mhh. npooB. 
XiA HapoxHHX'b 6B6jdoTesi. IlepeBoxi* £. IIpexTe^eHCBaro. Hsx. 9' IlaBteH- 
KOBa. Cn6. 1897. Uj. 3 p. 

Cto paaoRaaoBTb hb'b »ch8hh schbothmx'b. nepeBoxi c». 
anriiftcEaro 3. AypaBCsoft. SsHra xu x^Teft Miaxmaro Bospacxa. Gii6. 1897. 
n;. 50 K. 

CTpana deionoB'b (A6HccHHiJi) E. B. AojtraHeBa. Gn6. 1896. H. 2 p. 
cb uepec. 

Pyccsie KOpeniaBaTen: B. Fojiobhhhi, 0. j).— KoneOy, F. HeBei&csoft. 
06pa6oTaHuno boxihhhumi coHHHeHiiui*E nyTei]iecTBeHHi[BOB'& M. A. HiUiH- 
Bofi. H3X. A. $. AeBpiesa. Gn6. 1897.. 

HeaHrb UJMeJieB'ib. Ha csaiaxi Baiaaxa. IlyreiBHe o^epsH. M« 1897. 
i;. 80 K. 

nyTeBOj^HTejib no Bonr'b Ha 1896 rox^B. Hax. Hb. HBanoBa. Toxi- 
BTopoft. EasaHb. 1896. K. 80 k. 

nyTeBOARTeicb no Boni, Rani, Biiofl, Batk^, Ok^, CTpft, GsEiBi^ 
H xp. H8A. 0. CypHHi. Cn6. 1896. H. 75 b. 

no aaM'b'iaTeJiBHBiBi'B M'^oTaM'B noBOji»BH. nofexBano* 
KasascBod ry6. h bi tioJirapcBHM^^ pasBainHaM'b. Esx. 6. CypHHi. KasaHL. 
1896. U. 1 p. 

Jlflin nyremecTByiOiijgsx'B no BBponeftoKoft PoooIh h 
AbIh. Hax. 0* CypHHi.^ KasaHB. 1896. Ii;. 75 b. 

nol^AKH Krb OiiiBniKiirB BOJiHCORHM^b OTOJiHiiaMib, vh pas- 
BaiHHam 6ji. r. E^apeBa h ceia GeiHTpeHaro. HcTopis SHn^aBCBoft hib 
BOiOToft opmi H MoHTOiBCBaro Hra wh PoccIh. Hsx. 0. CypHHi. KasaHb. 
1896. n.. 75 B. 

HapoxBoe sa^aiBHoe o6pa30BaHie bi RypcBot i76epHiH. GocTasEn no- 
npexioxeniH bomhccIh Rypcsaro ry6. SeiiCTBa no HapoxHOMy 06pa80BaHii>' 
H. n. B-bJlOKOHOKlft. KypcBi. 1897.* 

j[](. H. TBXOMHpOBIb. SanHCBH ry6epHCBHZl SpaTBOCpO^HHTb- 

nexaroFH'iecBHX'b Bypcaxi bi TBepn 1896 r. Hsx. pex. xypnaia nJlt^TCBoe 
^WHie". M. 1896. U. 1 p. 

Ot^OTB coctoahIh RapaMSHHCBOi 06n(ecTBeHHoft Bn^jdoTeEH sa. 
1896 6H6j[ioTe'muft rox'B. IlepeneH. nai J^ 86 ,,Gh]i6. ry6. Bix." 1896 r. 

OT^ex'B HapoxBiDCb ^Teniax'L bi Boiorxi ci 1-ro Get. 1896 r. no 
16-e Maa 1896 r. Boiorxa. 1896. 

npaBTH^ecBoe HacTaBxeme xin rr. ceiBCEHzi zosneBi b% nocTanoBBi' 
H BexenlD bb dBOHOidflX'L npaBHibnaro ceiBCBO-BosflficTB. c^eroBoxcTBa no 
CHcreifi XBofiHofl dyxraixepin. CocTaBsiB n. n. SaxBOpHHipclft. Hax^ 
BE. £. R. ^exBepTEHCEoft. Gmojohcbi. 1896. H. 2 p. 



wffb #PijnpH, 53 

XofiKBaeie noranm roi bojh. npaBT. pyxoBoxcTBO vb npHroroBieHm 
XpeBecHaro h xpaBflHaro soTama. GocTaBEXb n. Oe^OTBeBnb. Hsx. O, B« 
ntenaHCBaro (nOdiiidxocTyn. h xemeBaa 6h&i. cencsoxosAflcTBeHHoft tox- 
HBH''. Bhil 2). Ou6. 1896. K. 20 k. 

B,% craTHCTHX^ jBiqift h noBpesAOHift padoHExi ceiBCKO-xosiificTBeH- 
HnvH xalkHHaMH h opyxiflm. OaHinapiiaro Bpa^a II. O. Ky^pflBi^eBa. 
IlepenewTaHo wb% xypHaia ^Mexm^HHeRax Becd^xa'^ BopoHes'b. 

HSl xiSTOJILHOCTH MOCSOBCBHXl ropOXCBHXl J^aCTSOBHTb none'IHTeiBCTBl 

o 6ixH]ix% sa nepBiift loxi hxi cyn^ecxBOBaHiii. CeprrbH CnepaH- 
^Kaxx>. 

Cik>pHHKnEi CapaTOBORaro aeMOTaa 1896 ro^a. 76 32 i-t» 
Hoa6pa 11B96 roxa. Hsxanie GapaT. ry6. SencTBa. CapaTOB'L. 1896. 



Hsii $paHi][m, 



He TaR<b xaBHo, no noBo^y OTxpuTifl hobhx'b sxamft napnaiu^ftaTO' 
THHBepcHTeTa, wh «$Hrapo> nojiBHiacB npeiDtfoniiTHafl CTaTBA AepH 
^yue, npecioByTaro AepH ^ysBe, KOTopoMy 6ypsya8HaA npecca xaia 
HasBame <aeHHaHHHa hs'b MapceJH>, no xoToparo AT^OBHaa poxena 
xojsea Ha caHoifE-TO AiA HaxoxHTBca He vh Atthk^, a h^ckoibko 
c^Bepniey cRaseMi, b*b coc^XHefi BeoTiH. Ahph $yBBe — rorb cawaft 
HJiOAOBHTHfi xpoHHsepi, KOTopiift CTOJBKO i^T'b yroH^aii. wTaxejet 
(SyABapHux'B raset'B 4^HiHCTepcR0ft nposoft nox'& HceBxoHHkaiiH He« 
CTopa B Koj[Om6bhh. 9to — tot% caHHfi rjiy6oBiS hoihthx'b, koto- 
pHft, nonaB'B no BanpHsy BstfBpaTejiefi b'b naiaxy 1889 ro^a, OTMe- 
aceBaj'b ce6i ba^cb sjia^Hnfl yroJOR'b vb 6oxot% i^enrpa h npocja- 

BHICJI CBOeft ROMH^HOfl p%9BD B'B SaH^HTy «TepHHXOpa»» BTOt 

nomiiflmefi HLecu TeaxpajiBHiixi a^xb Mctepa, BHaTopbena Cap- 

Xf 9tO — TOTB CaHHfl HpOHHI^aTeiBHUft MHCJTOTaiB, KOTOpHfl B'B 

npomioH'B roAT TCMOTp'ki'B rposHdfl npsspaK'B npHtfiHsann^a- 
rocfl coi^iajBHaro nepenopoTa B'B ...naHTaioHaxi, hochmux'b Be- 
JOCHnexHCTsaMH BHicro d6bh. H boti btotb-to rocnoxHHi i 
e^ei'B HysHHiTB pacnpocrpaHHTBca o choboA kjuA yHHBepcHTeTa». 
Gmucjtb ero CTaTBH — nymeHBe na^'B tfeasopucTHUifH CTpeiueHiaira 
Hpesnaro CTyxeflHecTBa. EoHe^HO, vb xa^eCTB^ caHTHHeHTaiBHEHaD- 
Hitaro tfypsya, Mocbe $yRbe npaHO He nanaxaerB na cnpesHDV uo- 
iOAesb»» h6o, mojb, to 6ujio Bpexji h «ero hoioxocth, npexMera 
ero B'&^HHX'B cosajr6Hift». Ho sa to ovb xocBeHHO CTapaeTca np^- 
CTaBHTb AtflTejnHocTb TorAamnaro moioaofo noKdjima B'B bobmdosho 
cir&niHoirb h xase HeopHBiesaTejaHOMi bha%. IIpHCdiyinafiTecb, n- 
TaTeib, B'B ci^AJDn^eA THpa^i: 

<H a BcnoMBHaK), ciobho sto (juo B^epa, o to» BOCBpecHOM'b se- 
«iepik, Korxa 3. J(enya (E. Despois) npHBeii xeHii, B'b to BpeiUL en^e rHMHa-; 



5^ Fyccltbjf ^ip^Aifct^o. 

skcTa^ i6i]ijBLTh ch cjae&UkioBaM'Ik^eBHUMR) yHHB6p€itttfti!ra]ii&' Bi^ il&i^filteoint 
XciMHB'l, i-B *oHTeH^-o-Po3i: 8a jceccepTOM*^, OXH^^ H^T5 rocTpeft BHHyii ir*t 
iij^uam ibuieH^Kift TOMflSii «Ee8 Chfttiment^>. OioHitb iBettntcAmnSath ti^ 
locoKi DsaHHHa, xpo^uuiiHxi on HeroxoBaBin, afot'L xoioxoft dpDHers^ 
Biii eeflji on fb^^, ^Htaxb h xeuainpoBan, c« nopasareiBBHM^ hcbjo- 
citeM^' ctpacTHHJi HaHaxemji nosxa h noTp£c&i% CBoran syiftsoiE% bi Tf 
CTopoHy, rjcft ^epHvft lopBSOHn ]ipo08|iBaii» noiocaaMH cBibTa on xau- 
HJiro ifapsasa* dion ^xen'b 6iu%— duBU OxiiiBbe». 

time BHTepecH^e xpjroe BocaoMHHaBie: 

<^T0 KacaeTCH xo nena, to B'non xenb, Korxa npojwccopi HHsapi,— 
soTC^ufi 6iLrb coBepmeHHo npaB's,— saroBOpsii o ffifx^ poxarb HpaBCTBeH- 
HOCTHy a ycxTfei-B TaRH nonacTB bi T»pBiqr, h o^chb ropxKica STmi*. Ok- 
xecATsaMH XByva ciyxeHTOB'b, mh npoBexH bcd SHiiy b% toki, ^to c% Hpe 
BoiHKHirs cepLesoMi coHBHaiH soHCTHTyiUio, ^To6ii npexiosHTB ee napoxy 
Ba ciixyioo^ XBHB nocil seiaHHHTb 6appHsax'B. Haib aBTopoBi btoI koh- 
CTHTyiUH oxflH 6111H yHeceHH, bi 1870—1871 r., BoftHoft h ROMMyHoft; xj^y- 
rie noxHiUHCL o^chb bhcoso no JiicTHHui nojiosemft, soTopua ohh aaeaiM 
HJH 8aHiiMaK)n en^e TenepB. EoMHsmb saKis^aica Tyn bi tomi, ^to cpexs 
HEX'S HaxoxBJica ^eJOB^bsiy KOTOpBtfi CT&i^b Bocii MKHHCTpom HMnepis: 
dTo—SienaH'B ^Bepnya. Bnoci^xcTBiH a ysHan, ^to "sepeai Hero Hano- 
xeoHi HOSHaKoiuuica C!b iipoeB!roi&'& namefi soHCTHTyiUH; a Tasi Baxi 
HMHopaxop'b 6iirb 6ojbiiihx'b pecnydiHKaHiieirb, to OB'S Hamejii ee npe- 
BocxoxHofi. <Ho dTO nosso, cBasajTB OB'S H cspiui yiii6£y bi cBonrB^ 
^ojannDCB ycax%>. 

Bb dTOMi BocnoMHHaHiH yifyApeHHuA ouutoki csenTBi^HSX'B cHe* 
€iojpa» H raepcTBo cEoiom^bhii* AoCTHraDrb Tofi bucots, c% koto- 
pot H Han9ieoH'& lU, h pecHy6jnBsaHKH, 6opoBmiecH npoTnei ysyp* 
nawpcTBa, abjuuotch oAHiHaKOBO eHtmHHMH, nacsapaARHKH ^Hrj« 
panH. 3HaMeHaTeju»H0 h to o6cTOHTeibCTBo, ^to KOci>e ^ysBe aaxo* 
AHrb Tenepb «0OBepmeHHO HpaBHM'B> opecioByTaro Hasapa. ^ih ^h- 
TaTOJiefi, KOTopHO Kor^iH sanaiUTOBaTb 9toti annaoA'b Bxopoft Hm- 
BepiH, HanoMHX), ^to ynoiuiHyTHfi Hnaapi, DonepoKtHHO 6uBmift 
pecnytfjuusaHi^eMi, opieaHHCTOWB h (ioHanapTHCToirb h saHHiiaBiiiii 
uieeAPT «<|>paH]^y8CKaro xpacHop%qia>t CpasHyxb na oahok'b yns- 
BepcHTeTesoiTB AHCnyTi bi 1855 r 9 ^to, mojtb, na CBirb ecTB f,vb 
KopajiH: oxHa KopajiB o^HKHOBeHHan, aanp., He yspaxH, He y6ifl, — 
o6a8aTej[BHafl xu npoCTiixi cMepTHuxi; a Apyraa KopaiB hojihih- 
^e&uLB, cyn^ecTBy]oni.aa aih yAo6cTBa CHUHurb, soTopuirB ho aia 

WrO CT^CHATBCA OfiUKHOBeHHHH^ £0X6X0011% HpaBCTBeHHOCTH. Bl CBOe 

Bpeiu Bd^ nopaxo!iHHe idah (Seijb BoaKys^eHB arofi Tcopiefiv koto* 
paa ocBHHiajia a AGKa6pi>caift nepeBopoTi*, h Boofin^e BCHHecisia 6e8- 
aaBOHiji. Cam HHsapi Haniejii,^TO cihuikohi cKOHnpoKOTTHpoBajTb 
oe<^ OTBpoBeHHHM'b i^HHHBMOMi, H BCKop^ Hocjii BTOFO naccasa CTan 
yaipaTBi hto owh HuorAa He roBopHjii HH<iero noAofiHaro, 9to ero 
H6 noQfljH, H T. X* n HTO se? CopoKi jAt% onycTH onaopTyflHCT- 
ciujl pecny6jHsaHH8K'B $yxi>e ne naxoxHTi HHnero Jiyqoiaroi saai 
nyOjiH^Ho. saABHTB cBoeHi coBepmeHHOHi corzaciH ci Teopiefi AByu 
licoB'B H XByt'B ifi'kph. He BanoHHBaeTi ih sam bto sjiyi) sappH- 
xaTypy ^opank* BOTopaa H3o6pasaerB nocrapiBmyi) h osHpiBmyi) 



B9% WAXOfM. $6 

llapiaHHf— p6cii;6jHKy» ospyseHHyB TOJinoK) xueso He tfesvopiwiv' 

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sojqmcB rxaoHT%: «h noxyMaxb tojebbo, RaB^ KpacHsa ($«4a oNa iq^ 
HifiiepiHl» 

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nxi TpaAHi^ifl napTiH, soropua vb Hame apeva a^bjib xapaBvepi 
^ecTHBHi H TBepxuKi, HO jwh cKBoiBOirb y8BBM'B>. JIbhho a JL7Ma»t 
no $7BLe CHnHO satfjysAaeTca, HpHnaciiBaa ToaepeBiBeft MoioAesa 
Hecnoco6HocT& ciysHTb j&bxj^eEm: HMeHHo bi nocJi^AHie fqah vh 
yHHBepcBTeTCBOft cpejifb saifiqaDTca npasHaBH abbho Be6EiBajaro 
HxefiHaro oacBBieHia. Ho thdh^ho bi apflBeAeHBOft 4>P&d^ vo yTBops-^ 
xeaie, tfyxTO b^phoctb onpeA&ieBHOKy idpoBOSsp&HiK) aBJiaorca 
«cTicHeBieif%» mm paBBHTia qeiOBiaa; TBUH^Ha npoapawaa vucui 
tfyXTO TOCTHocTb H TBcp^ocTb xapaKTBpa, KOTopiza uimaDT'B ?ejio- 
Biiy 6HTb noiHTH^ecKBK'b 4>Ji)repoM%, HCBJiDHaDT'b BiHpoTy yna... 

H a ropbso saxynajica aa^'b dTHM^b axTeeraTOMi rpaxAaHcaoft 
spijoCTB, BOTopiifi BH^aeTca tfypsyasHHin pecHytfiBBaHAaam Bctm 
BTHK% nepeKeTHHMi^cyMaM'b, hto nepetfpacsBaDTca c*b oaboS cr0'« 
pOHH Ha ApyryiD, cuoTpa no Tasecra h i^iHHOCTH ooab^xb. A b% 
foiOBt opoxoABn i^^JDifi pax'b <|>Hrypi BxefiBiix'B peaoraTOBi, ko- 
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ya^paa xasAHfl pas'b cBOBZ'b eropoHfiasoBi, hto aa oefi pas'b jui% 
yeTSMH roBopBT'b rojToci caxofi hctbhii, fojioctb Bcefl «qecTfloft $paH-« 
]pB». BoTib OBiy SHaMeHBTHd opaTopi cb JUBH^oA roiiOBo&y koto* 
pnA 6BXb HstipaH'b Bi 1869 r. bi saaoHOAaTejibHHfi aopnycb oaho- 
BpeMOHflo BT»napBaci h MapceiB, aaas «BaBABj(aT% HeapaMapaMOfi 
oboo8hiub», h BOTopuft MOH^e Hopes'b 10 Ji^T^b yse asjiaraii tbo- 
pi» crocnoACTBa bo «o6s to hh cTaJo»: €mo6u yji^epsaTbca y bjui- 
CTH, pecny6jiaBaHcsaa napTia aojshb cji'6jiaTbca napTiet VBaBcrap- 
caofl... ?T0 sacaoTca xo mohb, a BcerAa roBopBu (?!), ^xo a w- 
loata'b npaBHTeACTBa, a ho HejOB'^a-b oBaosBi^H... Fojcb bjebcth 
axoxoTBopBie, H^wb xeoaTb jAt% cbhoA repoa^ecBofl onooaaii^iai 
(pi^b vb MapcejiB 7 aBaapa 1878 r.); a eflo^e ^epes^b Tpa roxa (90 
apeMB aBrycTOBCBBZ'b BH(iopoB<b 1881 r.) yse rposaa'b apocTHO caoep 
TpocTbD cBbaHmcb HJOTa]rB», no npocry caasaxb caoHicb (Sej[bBHJib- 
ouufb HstfapaTejaicb, He jj^asmBMi CBHCTaaMH a apaaaifa roaopaTb 

IWtHHHKy. BOTb ^HepmHHfi H TajaHTJHBHfl BMfiOKBTh HB'b 

AenapTaMeHTB BoresoBi, cTaamift riaaoio onnopryHBCTCBoft nap- 
Tia no CMepTH TOJibBO TTOowpHeHHaro HBifH opaTopa; nexoaia^b, 
aoTopHfi B'b 1869. r. yHacTBOBajn ai B36flpaTeJ[bH0& arBTauia, xas'b 
oxavb HBi» BpeAcraBHTejLrt cpaAaaauaoft A6iroapaTia», a aoTopitft 
wpesi XBB roxa aaajica oahbmi mz% aiifimaxi aparoB'b pa6oHaiio 
aneca, a «b 1882 r. ycfltfb aoAth ao ^^opM&ibaaro o6%aBjieHU 
boAhh TOMy caHOKy HanpaajieHiE), hto noMorao eay eM.iMB.Th nepaae 



56 PyOCKOK BOFAICTBO. 

main Ha nojiHTH^ecsoifB nonpsnt^. Bot% dxecnsufA nj6iamcn w 

4»HJIOC04K^KH-o6pa30BaHHHft MBClilTen, HBTHaHHHfl HSl $paHAiE IM^ 

BpeMir HMnepiH sa cboh pecnytfjniKaHCKui yfiisxesifl v xpatHui HAee; 
BnocjiixcTBiH, saHHUafl pasiH^HHe BasHne bocth b'b Tperbefi pec- 
nytfjiHK'b, owh wh 1888 r. ctb TpH6yHii GeHara noxBepra p'&BRoft 
spHTHR'b, sa HexocTaTOHHBft BOHGepBaTHBiTBi WMB Tasji) yir^peHHyB- 
oojiBTHBy, Kasi onnopTyHBCTCsaA. 

A saTaRHUH KpynHiniH ^arypaMH, BaR'E— FaiitfeTTa, 2£rab ^epps,. 
niajiJieMeJiB-JIaKyp^, mj^evh i^^jiaA TOina BTOpocreneHHiiz'b noaBTHHe- 
CRHxi peHeraTOB'B, Bct bth Mopaca PyBi>e, Sdjs PamB, Hbh ri)fi<> 
H T. n.> bdjotb xo 6HBioaro xBHBcrpa 4>BKaHC0Bi 3*6 paABsanHOiA 
xaOHHCTi, AyMcpa, BOTopafi na BTarb AHjiz^b noxopoHB Ji caoro pe- 

4K>pMaiU0HHyi)AtBTeJIBH0CTB, COFJiaGBBniECB npBHBTB B81 pySl OOOOp- 

TyHHCTCKaro MBBHCTepcTBa nocTB reHepaxx-ry6epEaTopa Hhxo^Ek- 
TaB, T. e. upesjKB Bcero 120000 <|^paHBOB'B bi vok^... 

nCHXOJrOria BJCefiHIlXl BSMtHEBKOS'L UCTO BBEBMaia HeHH. A 

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nopi, RBRl OH'B €0% JierRHUl CepAA6M'B> npHHBJTB Ha Ce6fl OTBiTCT- 

seHHCCTB sa BotHy c% npyccieft h noci^AOBaBOiia aa neft CTpamHBji 
co6£iTiB, HHRTo HO DpHHHHaeTB sro cynteoTBOBamH KB cepBeail Ot'b 
BpeMeHH Ao BpexeHH oh% cpHBaerca cb h^ctb, hto-to roBopHTB, o 
HeMi-TO nHmerB, ho, sa HCRiD^enieirB o^enB HesnauTenHaro HHCJia 
ero npiBTejet, (j^pani^yaH ocrfiDTCfl riyxH ri ero nonHTaaM i hbhom- 

HHTb Ce6t. nOTOMy HOMl CK&IO MOBUiO rOBOpHTB* RBRl <ieXO- 

vbvb CI aaROHMeHHOfi Rappbepofl. 



roB WAsnjM. 57 

Ha^auo drofl xappBepii (Shjo otfierneHO x^a dnis OuraB&e 
*T%]r& o6cToaTejBCTBOM%y no ero oreAi 6ujrB crofiKHitb h cMtuurB 
pecny6jiHBaHiieiii, KOToput tfopojiofl npoTHS'B pecraspai^iH h iDibcsoft 
noHapxiH n 6ui'b BH6paHi xenyraTOK'b EekejULenEo nocii <|>eBpaj[i»' 
•csoft peBOJK)iuB; Baxiicb 6h». apecTOBae^b npn nepeBopoi4 2-ro 
jfiBt^pE H BBTHaH'b HSi $paHiuE,. H6 iiepecTaBaA cjiysHTB HxeaiaMib 
CBoefi MOJOKOCTH. IIo xpys6i ki OTi^y, JleApD-PousH'b, uetfb Bpe- 
veHHoro npaBBTeibCTBa, HasHaHBjrs bi $eBpaji 1848 r. 23-iiTHflro 
dMHiA rjraBHUM^b ROMMHCcapoMi wb fifinaprsLuemi YcTbeBi Pooh. 
Ho MOJOAoft aABOsarb, tojibko hto KOHHBBmifl KypcB wb yHBBepoHTert, 
iipoflBJifljii yse BB to Bpeiui CBofl TeHnepaiieHT'B He ctojibko hoio- 
stsaHxeH H yfitsAeHifl, cBonso RappBepacTa h idShtma Hajnin^eHHofl 
^pasH. npBCjyiDHBaacB R'b TOjaaiTB, npHcuaTpHBaflCB vh jidahitb, 
owb CTapajcfl 6utb b*b xopomHXB OToonieHuirB cb npexcraBHTejuiMH 
^^eHB paajH^flaro oCipasa MHCJefij ibbib 6h ohh hochjih bvlvoxbuA 
SB TO BpeMfl pecny6jiHRaHCKifl apjiuRB. Heqerono^TOHyyAHByiflTBCfl, 
HTO xorxa BB iDHi 1848 r. bb MapcejH Bcnuxeyjio pa6o?ee bo3- 
<TaHie, 6EiBinee BocnpoHSBeAOHieifB bb MaxoMB pasxipt napHscRHXB 

<iK)HBCRHZB AHefi>, 9mBJB OlJIHBBe B6J[B Ce6fl TaRB AByCMUClCHHO 

Mesxy BpasxyDniHMH jiarepflMH, wo npaBHxejiBCTBO aanoAOspHBaJio 
«ro BB no6j[asRi j^BHseHiK); xor^a RaRB nHcypreHTii o6BHHajiH ero 
BB 4>opMaj[BHo8 HSM^Hi^. IlepeBeAeHHHfi Ha ueE^e Basnsft nocT*B rou- 
MHCcapa BepxHefi Mapnu, a siiT^MBy nocjt Bu6opa Jlye-BoHaaapTa 
HpeaHxeHTOXBy h cobc^kb jBoieHHufl OT'B cjiys6s, OJiJiHBBe Bep- 
syiofl BB IlapESB BB 1849 r. h npHHHJicji sa aABORaxcRyx) npaR- 
TBRy. nepBoe Bpeva evy npBniJiocB ba'&cii aobojibho Rpyxo* h6o rju- 
<eHTH 60HJIHCB jEHi^a, CROMnpoHeTTHpoBaBHiaro ce6fl cjyaceHieMB pe- 
BOjDiQOHHOMy HpaBBxejiBCTBy, H BO BpcMH Teppopa, conpoBOsxaBQiaro 
BOABopenie KMnepiH, ohb mofb sbtb jihqib ypoRaxH. Ho CRopo exy 
yxaaocB npio6picTH ce6'b penyxaipK) 6j[ecTfln(aro a^BORaTa, h A^^a 
iOOTCRJin BB ero RafinneTB. Oh'b CHOBa mof'b buhjhtb Ha noBepxHocTB 

nOJHTHieCROfi SH3HH B'B 1857 r., H RB 3T0My BpeMeHH OTHOCHTCa 

3a(SaBHHfl aneRAOTB* rotophB h ceftnacB pascRaay h ROTopiifi so- 
pomo otfpHcoBHBaerB HpaBCTBeHHyn (t)H3ioHOMii> BxoABBniaro bb CHjy 
>iioj[HT9qe€Raro A'baTeJKfl. Bo Bpevfl bh6opobb bb 8aR0H0AaTej[BHH& 
RopoycB, bb iiDJit 1867 r., nenpHMBpHMHe pecny6iHRaHiiu coatTO- 

BBJH H86HpaTeJIiiMB BOBAepSaTBCA OTB rOlOCOBaflifl, HTOtfUTaRHMB 

^tfpasox'B AaTb noHflTB npaBHxejiBCTBy BTopofi HMnepiH, ^T0 HaAifl 
e^HxaoTi canoe cyniiecTBOBaHie ero o6n^ecTBeHHUMB npecxynjreHieHB. 
fio pecny6jinRaHiiH[ 6oji%e yMipeHHaro o6pa3a Mucjiefi HaxoABJiH Taa- 
rrHHHEiK'B npHHRTB y^RCTie BB H8($HpaTej[BH0fl 6opb6% h BH(SopoicB 
onnoBHi^ioHHUxi A^nyxaxoBB naHecxH npaBHxejiBcxBy nopaseHie Ha 
TOl caMofl HOiBi, Ha Roxopyx) oxaHOBHjEacB Hiinepui. TaRaa xohrr 
apiHiji 3an^Hn][ajacB bb ocoCieHOCxH BJciaxeiBHofi bb to apeKx raae- 
Tofl Le Si&cle h ea pcAaRTopoMB Abshoxb (Havin)^ npHHABoiHifB 
j^iaxejBHoe y^acxie bb nocxaHOBatv nponaraHA^ pecny6jinRaHCRHXB 
isaHAHAaxypB b'b CeHCROMB AenapxaueHx^. 9mhjb OjuiHBBe cna^aia 



58 F7GCK0B BOrATCTBO. 

BUBjuu'E rpavorjiacEO o CBoevi nojrai^nievB oorjiaeiB m nonTH-- 
Koft H6npBHHpHHHX'& pecnytfjHKaHi^eB'B. Ho BdpAwh BHesaiiHo oepe- 
M&BHJTB <{)povrE. Si ycTf naD M^CTO pascBaBTOsy aHCBAOTa: 

OxHH% HOI coTpjxHHKOB^ Si^de, 6HBurii caifL saHXHxaxoifb Vh oxHOirb- 
iro% DSHHxi xeiiapTaHeHTOB«b, BCTpttHrs^OxiHB&e y xBepHxa^BfleraABdHa: 
A, B(yfb H BH ptmaeTecB 6tesb KaBXHxaTom! ,^, bubo Bospasui Oijiibm: 
0, s HHBOPXB He BOdBuy e»&k pon b% dxoft xoMexiH, Koropaa pararpuBaerca 
vb IIad[d-Byp6oH% (aaiaT^), xa h Bacb npHrjamaD sociixoBaTb Moevy spfl- 
ifipy'*. Ck)TpyxEHS'b raserii ^acx cnycTa ysH&rb, tto ro^a^ifl CTopon^HKV 
BosxepsaHifl, ysieHeHHuS spacnopi^ieifB AB9Ha» yxe npHHan Easiwca- 
Typy *) 

B» yse SA^CB MoaceTe OTM-bTHTB ocHOBHyi) qepTy peHeraTOBir: 
jiHmifl ycuixi BBjaeTca y hhsi eAHbCTBeHDUM'B 'BOMnacoM<B hcb^ 

O^B^eCTBeBHOfl A^ATeJOiHOCTH, B CB HHM'B TOIBBO OHH H CnpaBJIfl- 

DTCB npE njaBanifl bjih, jynine csasaTB, BopcapcTBi^ no Hopio am- 
TeficBOMy. Gra^ajca qejioBi^rB npHBHsaeT'B jiaBRpoBaTB a nepeBr^HBT^^ 
Kypci no "iaCTuuui BonpocanrBy no^i BjuBHieifB 6jniBcafiniaro BHre- 
peca, a saTtM'B, eMOTpnniB, bo speMa caMofi 6htbii noj^nnMerB ho- 
npiaTejiBCsifl 4^jiarB h BSMinHB^ecsn mapazHeTi bc^itb 6opTOMi^ no^ 
CBOBMi HAefiHUM^B TOBapBni,aMi, Aa emjd noTpe6yeT'B ILanBTOJia n- 
SBpnaro OKjaAa aa caofl ^naxpioTHSK'^ pacsaaHifl*. B'b ABfiBOH^B- 
cjyHai, HanpBMipi, jidah mofjih coBopnieHHO BcapeHHo pacxoABTBcat 

no BOnpOCBM^B TaBTBBH B CTOBTB OAHH SB BOSAepSBHie, Apyrie 8fr 

ynacTie b'b Butfopaz'B... Ho caMaa caoponajiBTejBHOCTB bb nepeesa- 
KHBaHia OTb oABoro MH^ma B'B Apyrony BBJiaeTca xapasTepHuirB. 
BBBAenieM'B b:b nocjtAyion^efi A'l^^eJibHOCTB Ojubbbo. OieBHAHO, bb« 
TeneHie c^aca», mycTpufi BABOsaTi yse ycn'&ji'B cooCpasBTB, qro^ 
paai saHABABTypa eMy npoAJaraeTca b pas'B osa tfyAexi sam^ii^ 
maTBca Bj[iflTej[LH£[H'B opraHOHi) maacH 6utb Bu6paEHUM'B y nero' 
CBiBHO BospocTBDT'B. H JH^HHft HHTepecB cofl^acB se uoACBasajn^ 
eMy, HTO KasoBEi 6u he 6hj[b ero TeopeTBHecKie bbfjeau Hacieri. 
BOSAepsaaia bjih yqacTia, npaBTBHecsn eMy BuroAHO npo6paTBoa bi^ 
DBJiaTy. 

H A'bficTBBTejiBHO, OjJBBBe 6ux'b BstfpaH'B AenyTaTOMi* h bbejcb 

OAEHM'B B31i Ttxi 3EaMeHHTHX'B <tnaTH», KOTOpEIO BOnJO^aJIB BS 

ce6i BCD onnoBBalX) bi SasoHOAaTejBHOM'B Eopnyc^b 1857 r. B'b^ 
Teqesie ebth ji^tb, eobb eMy 6iiJ0 bspoaeo BUCTaBiflTB na noBas'S^ 
cfioS pecny6jiHBaBU3M'B, oh'b ne ynycaajis cjiyHaa nanaAaTB sa Hm* 
nepix). Ho yse bi 1862 r., saM^THBi, hto cpeAB cTopoEHHBOBfB< 
HHnepiH naqBHaeT'B npoBBjiaTBca cipeMjieflie hatb hb niBOTopfia 
ycTynKE, oh'b saAyMan nepexoA'^ bi pbah 6oEanapTECTOB'B eB i^iJiBKK 
BrpaTB TBMii pojEB BOSBBa JTeraJBHOfl ABEacTBHecBofi onnosni^is it 
npHBpuTB TBBEMrB nyTCMi dry BuroAnyx) ma Eero ESMtEy hbcto- 
BHimEei BipsocTBD npBHi^EnaM'B JiHtfepaiHSMa. IIo noBOAy npeHift 



* TaxilFDelordyHistoire illustr^e du second Empire (nouvelle Edition) 
Paris, T. n, npHM^v. ki orp. 840 



H31 WAiaSfSL 69 

ibCTHBHiii n^HrjumeHieMi, otfpan^eHHHMi vh HanojteoHy, ooju^mb 

HiCEOJUAO BOSSB H 

„gBt!N>ciA nyseerfieHHincb y^rateieniBeniKaro Hapoxa no nytH K'b obo* 
6oxi» oTBepiHyT^ coBtai icaiaxyniHiOL^ h eiaTB HenocpexcTBeHHo xmiom 
s» BaiuH: Bi roTh AeBh, sorxa 6yAei% si neft o6paiiiBHi Tasoft ^HSUB'by 
Moserb 6uTh ocxaHyTCA ewfi bo ^paniaH jdxh, BipsHe BocnoMHHamjiirB 
npomiaro h Haxesxan aa dyxymee; ho rpoMaxnoe 6ojn>iiiHHCTBo 6yAeTi 
BpeuoHaTBCA nepexi Bau, Capi, h nouepsKa, BOTopyi) oho osasen 
BaMi, ^yxeTi t^mi x^ftcir^^HTeAHd^e, ^o OHa BBHTca coBepmeHHO fiesso-- 

pUCTHOft** *). 

Ho noBOxy ookipaBKB B'b oil^Hn^iajBHOM'B oriert Bac^xasiB, lo- 
TOpHft Be coBciifb TO^HO nepexjajfE p^hb Ojubbbo, npexel^xft^eib 
3aKOHOxaTeji>Baro Eopnyca, repn;ori xe-MopHH| BnepBEie cx^Jiaa'B 
KOKBJiHMeHTi axBOsaxy onnoBHiuH: 

„3to a BHdpocHXB H81 Moniteur'a cjOBa, npOHSBecoHHiui B'iepa i. dioi- 
i&wh OiiHBLe: „A, peciiy6iHsaHeu%*'. A He xorbii npHSUBaTB ki nopflXKy> 
HSi-aa cjOBa, BupBaBmarocA •6e3i coiceEiHia b% niuy H]fBpoBH3aiUH| OKHoro 
B8B cBOHxi co6paTOB'L BO Baiarl^, p^iL BOToparo npexcxaBiBJia Tasofi za- 
pasTepi yuipeBHocTH h ^ecTHocTB b xasi xopomo OTxasaia cnpaBexiBBOCTB 
BpaBBTeiBCTBy ci cBoeft tohxh sptHiB, HTO BopHuaHie Mono 0h nosadaTbOA 
HesaciyaeHBinrb. H ys%, BOBenHO, ^^ vh totb xoiieBTb, BOrxa i. 3mhj& 

OUBBbe SaBBlflai, HTO BpBCOeXHHBTCB K% npaBBTeJEBCTBy, Be CMOTpE Ba CBOH 

npexmecTBOBaBnuB pecny6jiH£aBCKiB MHtalB, eciH BMnepaTopcKaa BOJiHTBBa 

•BpBMerb xapasTepi, cooTBiTCTByK>niifi en^e 6ojiie iB6epaiLBnH% Boaap^ 

BifljTb opaiopa, — ae Bi 8tot% HOMeBTi h hofi 6ii aaftTE HysBiurb npir- 

BoxBHTB oMy xenyTaicsyK) npsciiry. Ho opaxopi, eciH'OBi seiaen Bonpe- 

IfiBBO dTOrO, BOIOBI CerOXBB flOBTOpHTB BH6pom6BBiIJL Bl OT^OTi BUpa- 

xeBiB^ ♦*). 

Ho BE BaAyMEBBiift peHeraTCTBo xenyTaTi, he ero TOBapuB^d no 

OHnOBHl^iE H6 COUE X<MU*OMX BOX^epBHyTB HO BTOHy BOBOXy OBOB 

ytf-JbatxeBiE. H cb Tixi nopi EsfispaTejiH OuflBbe craiE KpidHe 

HeXOBJbp^BBO OTHOGBTliCE £*& CBOeHy XOOyTBTy, EC 6eZ'h OCBOBafliE 

yse BOxoBpiBBE ero wb ESvilHt sBaMeHE. A^^^HiflBiaE xisneMh^ 
HocTB OuBBBe npoACTaBjiEerB aoFE^ecsoe pasBHTie ero sepaaro 
Eiara no nyTE peneraTCTBa. y Eamero ncEXB^ecBaro annapaxa octb 
CBOB nenpeEiOHEHe BaBOHU HezaBBBH, e pasi xonycTBBmfl cKiJEy 
e% ooB^CTBD, ^.eiovbvb caMi ne BHaen^ vb Kasoi larepB e vh mm 

06%ATiE OWh CBaTETCfl npH KOBI^t HEBJIOBBOfl BIOCXOCTE. IIpH OT- 

BpiiTiE cecciE 1863 r. Oxiebbo BHCBaaajiGE vh oxHofl esi cbobx'b 
p^^efl EpOTEBi «cHCTexaTflHeeEO& onno3BAiH» HMnepifl. Bb 1864 r. 
ov% jme noxB^pn fj^opnajiBHofl rpetek^ x'^etoiiiHOctb cboexi to* 
BapEEtefl no onnosBiiiB, ynpeiaii bzi b'b 

yfioMfkaa BBCCHEBsxa, KOTopaa coeTOHxi b% tokb, tto, Korxa jooxe cto- 
fm Bepexi BpaBBxeiBCTBOWb, Boxoparo obh Be oxofipaiorb, obh be^^cto 
Toro, HX0611 npBBBEaxB 6x1 Bero xo, v£o xopomo, b BopB^axB xo, ^xo xypno^ 



♦) Taxlle Delord, i. m, cxp. 56. 
*♦) Ibid., cxp. 69. 



60 pyCGKOB BprATCKBO. 

aanaxaion na Bce h vphthbtdtb Bce, a oco6eHHO to, tto xopomo, n Tom 

OCHOBaHiH, TTO 9T0, MOfB, IipHHOCHTl^OILSy IipaBHTeibeTBf, XEBBieirf 9t0 

xopomee^ ♦); 

BecHofl 1865 r., nocji^ cicepTH MopHH, cb Koropinrb owh yse 
xaBHo BBWJica H ROTopHfi TOJiBai^ 6ro Bce Mjuhme no nyra peee- 
raTCTBa, OjUbbbb npv o6cysAeHiH axnya orspHTO nepemen Ha 
CTopoHy 6oHaiiapTHCTOBaro tfoaBniHHCTBa, roBopx, vro oHi 6yxen 
BOTBpoBaTB c% dTofi rpyiinofi, h MOTHBflpyA CBoe pftmeme d^xyv)- 
in(HMi oCSpasoiTB: 

% 

„npaBxa, ^To ^paHiuA bo vBorarh OTHomemaxi ocxaiacL nasaxH xpy- 
THXi HapoxoB'b; npaBxa, ^to xia dxcft ropxoft HaiiiH 6ouho cpaBHHBaTB 
CBOH oTcxaiua yvpexxeHui c'b y^peacxeiiuuiH fliaiiH, BeuriH, Foua^^H, 
niBefiiiapiH, HO HMnepaTop^BnotKen, hto xaicoe noioaKeHiexii^ ho Hosen 
npoAoisaTBca 6e3% BCflRofi onacHocTH... '^xo Bacaexcfl jsfi Hero, Bmhu Oi- 
jraBBe, AO Hero, xoxoparo c^Hxaiox^ HaHBHim noiHXHKO» hih ByiBrapHHM'b 
^ecxoiK>6KeK'B, xo ohi ho 6jf,erh coauuribxB o xoirb, hxo owh ynoxpe6Hjra 
BCK> CBOD cHiy BolH Ha saiuuo^eHie npoHnaro consa uexxj AOMOKpaxiet b 

CB060X0ft, npH nOMOH^H CHlBHOft H Hai^OHaJLHOft BiacTH** **). 

B% 1866 r. OjiJiHBBe hbhjich yse BBpasHxejieirb BsrxH^^oB'B roi 
^paKAin 6oHaaapTBCTCKaro 6oumHHcxBa, soTopaa nojiy^HJia He sea- 
Hie tiers parti, «TpeTbefi HapTiH>r BipH^ cBasaxB, MexeyMO<iHoft 
HapxiH. 3anpiH^M nonpaBsy wh upecy, BHeceHHyD copoEa luiTbX) 
HjreHaMH axofi ^^paKi^in, 6HBmifl pecny6jHBaHei^ yxonan b% HanH- 
H^eHHOfi 4>pa8eoj[oriH, yxBepsAaS) ^to ^xpexBa napxia patfoxaex^ 
Bi^x paspimenieicE BeJHRofl sajta^n XlX-ro B^Ka, npHMHpeflifl CBOr 
6oABi H aBTopHxexa». CaHo go6oi) paayniexcji, vro bxh ycjqrriy 
OBasuBaeMEifl peaeraTOM'B pesHicy Bxopofl HMoepiH, hb ocTaaaxHCB 
6eiffb M8AH H HarpaAH. OjiHBbe yse cb 1865 r. Bcxp^iaica 
Ch HanojieoHOKi h ero cynpyroftt h xor^a se 6wth HasHa- 
^ewb ROHxpojepoMi b:b Gyascsoft KOiraaHiH cb roxoBsiMi juuio- 
BaHBeMi B'B 30000 4>Pm a BCKopi HMnepaxopi^ nopy^Hji evy, Ha 

OneHB BHFOABHX'B yciOBiflXl, COCXaBHTB paHHOpTB A&iaXl BTOft 

soxnaHiH. maHcs OuBBBe cxain oco6eHHO noAHxaTBCH npH ABopi 
CB 1866 r., aorxa neyxa^H BH^niHefl hoihthkh naaeiH EDinojieoHa 
Ha VHCJiB yRp'&nHTB CBOD pacmaxaBHyD nonyiapHocTB Hrpofi wh 
jrerBifl jHtfepajiHBM^. HMHepaxopcaifi pecapHHn 19-ro HHBapa 1867 r., 
BOBBini^aBmifl HiBoxopiia <pe(f»opxH», nanojHHjr'B Aymy OiJiHBBe 
npeXBByineHieifrB MVHHcxepcBaro nopx^a, ho oxofi ciaxaoft v&rri 
peneraxa 6um cys^eRo ocy^ecxBHTBca xhuib row Tpa cnycxa: B§p- 
Hue cjyrH HMnepaxopa, x*bjiHBniie xpy^H h paxocxH aBaHxcpncra 
€1 caiiaro naqaaa ero nojiHTH?ecBot aappBepii hih *e cTaamie 60- 
HanapTHcxaMH cei^acrB xe nocxt nepeaopoxa, oxhdxb ho XTMan 
AonycxHXB xaa^B lerao nepe6ts^[HRa hsi pecnytfiHRaHCRaro aarepa 
Vh crocyAapcxBQHH(»fy nHpory>, b'b Koxopnft ohh BOHsaiH 8y6B bot% 



♦) Taxlle Delord, x. lY, cxp. 22—23. 
*») Taxilo Delord, t. lY, cxp. 175. 



yxe 15 livb. Hao6opon, Kasi Bcei;;^ ^HBaeri, ohh co zxo6oi h 
npesp^Hieirb OTHOCHjac^ u uofBovj soHEyppeHTy no ouaxy h co- 
6paTy DO iinpei h crapajBCB Bca^ecxH Boopysaib Haaoieosa m 
npoTHB'B lOBsaro Kopcapa, Boropnl, iioji%» yse BZiAwBrh oAHOMy 
BHaveHH H — BTO HopyHHTCii? — ^opoAacTb, KOxeTB 6HTB, H HmiepiD. 
BuoTB ffl EOHua 18^9 r. npsABopHaa 6opi>(Sa napTifl Biipasaiacb 
B^ nepoBicb peaKiKioHHofl nojiHTBBfl, BouoBiaBmeficfl vb Pyapi (ao- 
Toparo 3oM H8o6pa8Bjrb b% <Ero CuiTejiBCTBi Qmeni PyroHt>), h 
Bce 9T0 BpeiM CBOAKO pas^ cyAB6a npoHOcaia ^amy tfjiaronojy^n 
MHMO caMaro pra Smbjih Ombbbc b CKOJibso AUbHiflmHx^b BBSocTeS 
OH'b xoxsefl'b 6hu% coBepniBTb! HanoMHi) jboxb 4M>pMajbBiifi aBBHcib, 
CA'bJiaHflHfl BM'b Pydpy b cMaHajnosaim 6ojBDiHHCTBa vh naqart 
1867 r.; ero pi^B vb 1868 r.; ero KaHABxaTypy b'b BapcBOMi xe- 
BapTaMBHT^b Ba Butfopaxi 1869 r./sorAa uapsscBie BsfiapaTejB 
o6i>BBBjfl ero BexocTOfiHEiMi npeACTaBJBTB Bxi B*B napjiaxeHTt h 
acecTOBO ocBBCTajfl ero aa oahomi bs'b co6paHifi; ero BHTparfl b*b 
BOBut 1869 r. CB K'bjBX) BpeAJiosBTB ce6& vb mbhbctpu HanoJieoHy 
BpB Boxon^fl APyroro xopcapa, raaeTHBKa KieHasa ^DBepflya, bo- 
TopoMy OBI nanBcaji'B, Mes^y npo^flxi, bbcbmo, vf,% nocit ctoib- 

BBXB flSM^HB fl peBerBTCTBl, OB'B OCM'bjIBBaeTCB BIipaSBTBCB CA' 

AyK>in;BM^ ofipaaoirB: c^yecTBo BpaacTBeHHOCTB lepaerCB vh aapoA^; 

BOSBpatBlTB eMy BTO HyBCTBO, CTpOrO BCflOJIBflB CBOfl AOJIfBi a Ba- 

BOfi AOir% Biime» ^iwh b^phoctb b*b xpyaUS^ a ysaseflie nepe^B 

BOlBTBHeCBBMB ySBHB, CBB8IfBai)n],flMfl BBCB Ch eAflflOXHnIJe^BB- 

Ba]iB»; B BBxoBei^'B, <|>pa3BCToe nocjaflie bb TOMy se JijowpnYtL, 
nocjA Toro, bbbi HanojieoBi nopy^BiB eny coctbbbtb Ba6flHem; 
BOCJraBie saBiD^aeTCB ciobbmb: cUbcbmo BMnepaTopa Taai bcdoi* 

HCBO AOBipiB, TBBl 6iaropOAflO, ^0 oho BOCTOpXeCTBOBajlO HaA% 
BCtaB MOBKH COMH^HiBMB. Si p^mBJECB HB BCO B B^y Vh 6ofi. JUjBL. 

(xarocJOBflTi Eon Hanie opysie». 

MBHBcrepcBofi A^BTeJiBHoCTB Smbjui OjiJiBBbe fle^ero pacnpo- 
CTpaHBTBCfl. SafiflHeTB 6^^% c4>opiiHpoBaH% OBOHqaTeAHO peaera* 
TOMi 2 BHBapB 1870 r., a 9 aarycTa yase najTB npa nepBHX'B no- 
paxeBiaxi ^paai^yscBOfl apirifl; 4 se ceHTB6pB a caHa BMnepia no- 
Toayja b'b xpoaa h rpasa. Ho am OBonqaTeJBHofi xapaBTepacTBBB 
aamero repoji CA^iaeicB en^e oabb'b — ^abb BiTpaxa. Hbxoabcb wb on- 
uo8B^iB, OHi, bbbb hsb^ctho, rpoMflJTB 0({)4»aiiiaxBHiifl BaaAaA&Typii 
B BcaqecBB BjeftMan apaBBTejBCTBO aa AABJioaie aa asOapaTejiefl. 

lIOCKOTpBTe TeoepB« BBB'B 6lIBmifl OpaTOp'B Onn08BiqH A^flCTByOT'B 

Vb Ba^ecTBt BceMoryfli;aro MHaacTpa bo apeMB araiai^B, xoropaa 
apeAmecTBOBBja opraaflsoBaaHOMy am njietfaci^RTy 8 mbb. 

„ny6jnniBiu co6paHUi, lOBopBTb BCTopBEi BTopoi BxaepiB, floXBepTByru 
caaoay CTporoKj Baxsopy. TaBi, reaepaiBHHfi nposypopi b Bpe4>eBTi> Be- 
saacoaa aaxoxBTi, hto bi Tasox'L-To BOBspeTBon cjy^at 6iuo 6u ae- 
yjrbcTBo aaqflaaTb cyAe6Boe opeci^xoBaBie, peBOMeBxyeMoe MBHBCTpox'b. 
Ho 3bub OuHBbe ynopao BpoAOJixaeT'& c^UTBTb 9to BpeeiiiAOBaBie Beo6- 



.^ P^CqUPP JJOl^ATCTBO. 

xq^iqoiinii: nHopa, ^HaKOHeirBi XftT& no'ijBCTBOBaTB pjKy npa^pHT^^xBa*'. 
H TO se cakoe peKOMeH^tyeTCfl mrs no OTHomeHii) k% iiydjm'iHiiMi'co'tfjpa- 
idxm jM MapoeiDi: »He soietiiHTeeb sepex'B npvirtpHiiifi BasasaHien h 
tfefljie^cvolBi raiDBy. IIp]aoneo& b'l ocoiSeBBOGTH sa iwosamDB'B h «^- 
p^jyiepa looifotxib Tf reives ygub ,eiiaax ayocats, ^ux ia«saieurji>''.iKaawMi 9S^ 
ero ^jpiKH9CTpaTH^H|ix'& x^penrb ecTB lopa^ee BossBaHie jsi% ycep^^is) rene- 
paxBBim npoKypopOBv. ^IleperoBopHTe c% BanxiiiiH TOBapHn^aiiH. TLjc.'^h 
omr Bi eBOK) o^epex^ ycxoBJiTea cl mhpobhmh cyABflMv. YcEJBTe hxi pse- 
Bid**... &o BOU«ra, xhhhctpi BByTpeHHiirb ajleb, nHmerb eiiy ors 5 iiaa: 
»ra9e9H tlia MarjieiUai8e> h cLe Rapp^l* ho 6iuh soH^HQEOBaHii caroABii 
fspowh. H, ojiHasOv 'fHJ^ saseicji, ^to nps BisoTopqirb sewaiH mosho qii40 
tiu HafiTH Bi paxMxai&Hux'B raseTaz'L Ben^H, KOTopua MorxH 6h nociysHTB 
noBOxoM^B SI npeciixoBafliK), h & npoxpxsax) xyvaTB,' vto eaMi 6uxo tin 
«paftBEe nojiesHO BOcnpenflTCTBOBaTB Bcim vnan rocnoxaiTB oTpaBiATB, b% 
an XBH, QBomcB axom HamH xepeBSH** *) 

nycTB ^HTaxeiB ho 8a6yAe'rb Twi^e, ito rapoH^ecsiS mhhhctp*b, 
BOTopHfi «(r& jierRiiTB cepx^eirB> o6i;i9Ji4XB BoAHy npycciH, ue^ 
TOJBSO noTepjuTB cBofi nopT4>ejii> n BHnycTBJTB fla% pjk'b 3J»ctb, 
cefl^acixe saAaii CTpecaqa bi ^HTeHefiJo, ,a OTTyxa ^npaBHJrca 
cBOAi Dji^BBTejiBBoe He6o> HTajtiB, — 3T0 vh TO caMoe Bpen^, sa,B'& 
4)paBi^y8H BsaeMor&m wb 6oph6i ci cwhEuwh Bparoxob, — r bob- 
BpaTBJCfl Ea pojmHy ae paHBoie bojiobbhh ]873r. 

H bot<b BTOTi-TO HCjEOB^Bi oeiiliCflBaeTCfl orB BpeMeHu ^0 Bpe- 
neHH noBBjiJiTBCJi nepexi* nytfiHKofi b^ otipasi ropiiqaro, ho aec^a- 
CTHaro naTpioTBy Biicosaro h aenoxi^ynBaro , nojHTwa, Mxoparo 
(;yA]>($a h HetijaroxapHOcrb coBpeMeHHBBOB'B QToxBHayjiH Ha aaxHifl 

Il4llH>. OhI CyABTl H pflAHTb BCizi H BOB H HC AOraxaeTCH* ^TO 

idTO cyA"^ AOJiceHi 6uxb 6u Ha^axBCB cb nero ca^oro... H%T^,.o^l 
iipoAOJUBaerB ot'b Bp^veHB j^o BpeHeifiB cyBpaniaTbt CTOjtfmi «$^- 
rapo» pascy^AeHiBMH o j[,o6pojifiTejm h CTpasHi^ii La Bevue des 
Deiix-Mondespea6uHTauieft HanaieoHa m **). C% 18.95 ro^a OH*b 
aaHJirb, HaaoHOA'B, HsroTOBjeHieirb cbobxi HeiiyapoB'B, nocBAineH- 
QjEiTb <iH6epaAHoft HiuiepiB», T. e., BHa^e roBopa, onpaaAaHix) 
^Bcero CBoero noJUTB^ecsaro KopcapcxBa. Ho Hacxojia^ee Bpeiia no 

4BHJCH OAEWb TOWh dTOTO TBOpefliB, JeaKaD^ift B'h XaHHElfl VOXeHT'B 

nepej^o mhod. Or% HMiex^B npexeHsix) tfpocBXb BCxopBHeoKifi bspjua'b 
B HiHxo Ha cnpflHUBHi Hai](i0HajBH0cxeft», ho HBxepeceH'B, co6- 
CTBeHHO, saBi Haxepiaocb x«u HayHeniB HCBxojorin HepacKiMiHHUx> 
peneraTOB'B. Hero cxobti oahh'b 8UBrpa({)'B 83*6 Mapsa-ABpeiiB h 
pjiacBn^ifi: «nycxii bo Bcixob tbobxi cjOBax'B SBy^Hxi rojioc^ repoB- 
^ecBofi HCTHHU». A ero HOCBfln^enie seai cb laxBHCKHMi* oHBxe* 
TOMi Uxori dileetissimae, «cj[ax^fiineft cyopyri*, <ifoei noApyr^» 
ojaBHoS, sasi HysecxBom h hpbhoxok) Ajza, xas'B h BosBumeH- 
HOcxBD yaia, h 6e3'B npeAaHHofl ix)6bh soxopoft a BBBorxa ne Bxi^'B 



•) TaxUe Delord, t. VI, p. 103. 

**) Cm. ero noaosBTesBHo 6e8CTuxBuft no ibuiboctb 9x»M> «Le priace 
W)iUB Napol6on» B% Reyue des Deux-Mondes otb 16 j^eK%6^ 1895 b otb 15 
BBBapa B 15 xesapfl 1896. 



ESI WAHI^m. 63 

6a n cuu BHHecTH rHeix cotfiirifl, hh chqkoActjbU jfjmWi ^to(Si( 
l«8cxa8aT& Hx%>. A, HaBOHeK'b, ero neaxHcioBie) bi soTopoMi OB'S 

«I6 CTSAHTCil 068HBaTB ^Cirj6XBMMllfiVh <iipe3p^HHiniH nHcaKaiiH, 

vcnoxHeHflraiH caifoft npecTynflofi BeHaBEers^i h ocMftuHBaMca bh- 
jttBaTL cEMOHy ce6i aTTecrarB BeiHicaro neJioB^Ka h narpkmt. 

,,EcjDi 6u HavH renepaiH 6iuh nofiiAHxexaMH, a ciaii ,6ii Bejcssmn 
iieiOBftson... Ho „ex e?eiita fiiinam", t. e. ycn^i coBxaei^B penyraqiD. 
Ji He npeTeBAjD aa to, 9to(Sh ji86tea;rL o6ii^efi y^aciH, h ho npoTOCTyi) 
]ipoT«KB Tasoro npHSOBopa* 3a6oia o ^ogtb xorja (Mi oxna notfyxHtL yew 
«a n^Biia onpajw^ui; bo voa ^ecn be xenepiB, eh noai^e se aaBECflTi 
^m npoHSBOia sore 6u to be 6iuo; paai a coxpaHEi^s yBaseaie (b% ce6i?), 
•Bcasoe Apyroe OAo6p6Hie au xeaii samiiHe. Motebi axEX'B axn^xoBi e 
^Exi o^epsoBi, BOdToxy, coBepnesHo 6e3BopHCTeH:fc. IlepeAi xim, saai 

BOXBHyTB 8T0TI CBiSTL, E XO^ XBTL BOCliXEOe XOBaaaieACTBO EpQAaSBOCTE 

BcauotiieHHOEy oxenecTBy, xoTopoMy e eocbeteii Bcrb cboh Ayvii. JOE xony 
*4>ii]iT& ero nepeAB soTOEOTBomb orb njiTBa, fiyXTo oeo 6pocEio BOtEoft ix>- 
4eft wb nyusy secnacTiE, BexoBipifl, HOHaBECTE e sapBapcxBa. S. xony 
jtosasaTB, 9T0 bi 1870 r. oho xaicB se m&io j^yxaio sanaxaxB, sasi B!b 
1792 r.' H 1806 r.;^TO bitohi b BixpyrHxi cjrynaAX'B oho aanpnoaio cbox> 
seBaBHCHHOCTB, B HO EOCETajio EB ^lysyx). npexocTaBAEE jDTOHJiif npeaBfiaiD- 

■UOIl CBOE Ef BBB, Ti eTOHU E SBlotfH, KOTOpHU BOT% ySA eTQ»BO jixi 

•OBH ocxaftuDTb xyseouo oxe^ecTBa, e npoTErBBaio exy ^Kamy cb kpIee- 
TesuuiBCb HanHTKOH'b, xaiDB^Hxi B±py, CEiy s Hd^^esxy. H ecjE oho npn- 
JieTi 8ty ^amy, rkwh lyime xie nero!' *). 

^yMav, HTO BCflsie KomeHTapiH ax^OB EBjramHH: sTa upoUk^ Vb 
soTopofi aBTops to OTosxecTBifleiRb c66e (no noBOAy BoAaii 1870 r.) 
^ih <B08JE)6jeHHEnirB 0Te^racTB0Mi», TO pasBEBHO flpexJaraesieKy 
«Ep^nHTeji£iBiift 0ainiTas%> Myseevaa, EBEaeTCE EOiosiTenHo luuc- 
aB^ecBBiTB o^^aBUBom xipoBOBBp&Hia nixHOEotero h aerMinic* 
j»HBaTo xo tfescoBHaTeJiBHOCTB peaeraTa. Ho arriHSH peaeravoTBa 
paajoiTOii; ecTB HxelHiie bbx^hhekh, xapBepa kotophtb 0B0H]n» joyT- 
fwam'b TparflaMom Bostfyaiw^Ti ne eTOiBxo onepaisie, qmmbm 
«aaocTB. UpeBo-napaxojB npiHaxJ«BHTB bsb aciy aTHZib bqou- 

WHBXl TEn0B%. 



Bb EocE^AHeirB «EaMroxHHRt» ncBZOEorH^ecBoft ia6opaTopiE npH 
Gop6oHHil ecTB AOBOEBHo HHTepecEaE OTBTBE Epo^^oopa Ph6o, xo- 
TopaE TpaBTyeri o «HeHopMaEBHUX'B h 6oEiteHeHEiixB x^paxTepara* 
X ($1X8X0 xacaercE npexnera xoero nxcBxa **)« Axropi niiTaercE 
xaTB xiaccH^Hxai^iK) pasjni^HHZ'B poxoBi HeEOBtneexaro zapaxxepa. 
Bb 9Tofl rajjepe^ theobi e nazosy, Meaxxy npomrB^ abx ncxzx- 

^eCBHZ^B 06pa8IVl, OXHH'B UVL XOTOpHXB OHCHB 6eE8B0 DOXZOXHT'B Kl 

zapaxTepy dxEjE OuEBBe, xpyroft — k% zapaxTepy IIpeBO-napaxojE. 



*) Emile OlliTier, «]ii'£mpire liberal. Etudes, r^eits, souTenirBi. PaciSy 
1885, T. I, crp. 32—33. 

**) Cx. Th. Ribot «Les caract^res normaux et morbidea*; L^ann^e psjebo- 
kgique 1895; Paris, 1896, crp. 1—17. 



64 PyOCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

nepBOMy Tflny Pfltfo n&tb HasBEHie <sapasTepoffB npoTBBop%«iHBiiix^ 
jBBib BHtmHBMi o6pa80Mi» H HO 668% HpoHiH xoCSaBiBorB: 

^HMH HBOtfBJiyeTIi BOlHTflYeCUUI BCTOpuI. Aaiexifi orb npOTHBOp^HUl m 

HeycToft^HBOCTH, zapaKxepi vb sthxi ciy^a^i ecrb h^^to onpextieHHo^ 
H npoHHoe: coBepmeHBoe oxbhctbo bi KiiH a npoTHBopiHie ismb bi cpex* 
CTsazi. MopaiBCTi no npaBj HasiiBaoT'b 9th zapasTepu 4>BJbinHBuiia, no- 
Tony TTO OHH BOCflTl lUtCKy; HO XIA HCHXOJIOra OHH BOpMaibBH R p^SO 

no^^epBHyTu. Ohh BCTpinaDTca b% Cojbmoiii HHciib bi o6iZAeHnofl buishh, 
H jiAE HBxi H^Ti Baxo6HOCTH 6iiTb asTopoicb Coibiiioro HCTopH^ecsarO' 
Toatpa; xoctbtohho iHinb ocTaBaTbca BipHmfb npecjrfcxyexofl iitiH h ho- 
dpesTjniBiDi'b OTHocHTeibHO ynoTpe6iHeiQix% cpexcTBi. Tb, KOTopue b% pe- 

BOIDUiOHHHA dOOXH CTaHOBATCfl BHesailHO SeCTOEHMH «8%-3a CTpaXB, OpH- 

Haxiexarb bi dTOft saTeropin: bx% oxhbctbo x'bflTeibHOCTn saKxiDqaoTCA 
B% 8a6oTax% cavocoxpaHeHiH^. 

AoTOp'b Kori 6u npH6aBHTb» ^to sra secTOsocTb conpoBOSAaer^ 

BTBXl rOCDOAl H TOFXa, BOFXa peBOlDI^iOHHafl Bojaa haoti hb otjihbi 

H OHH nepe6irai>T% b% npoTHBonojiosHsft jiarepb cl»opysi6lIrb'Ho6o- 
80lrb•OTOH 6oBi-o-6oB'beb<|>aHaTUBaMH peBoiDi^ioHHofi baob, HaxoAflCb 
noxh BiiflHiem ma> BHepriH, ohb, ccjih He acerxa A^fiCTByDTi, to 
Bcerxa spa^arb o^eHb ptmHTejibHO, Tpetfynn bpobh, fojobi h bob- 
XHxi ysacoBi h jiK)6AT'b pasurpsBaTb poib jbBOBi hjh TBrpoBi pe- 
BOjnouiB, Aase hoob hoaucb cooTBiTCTByDiuia bihhbh. Ho KorA& 
napTia nopaxBa yAaetea otChtb Hanaxeflie, ohb yaoTpetijuDn aci* 
ycBJiBy 4to6h BBK'b HH6yAb BTepoTbCB Bi paAtf nodlxHTejiefiv sa- 
iiecTH zBOCTOKi CBoe npoHiioe; h, CMorpamb, nauii jieai rse THrp^ 
npeBpan^aeTCA wb sajsaro fflaKaia, Koropufl aoxHHMaeTi aofi crpaxa 
H HeyxoBjieTBopeHHaro aoaeTHia h roroB'b rpusTb caoan thsmuo- 
paHeaux^ ToaapBD^efl a xaase naTaTbcx Tpynaiia yfianixi, paspuaaa 
CB'&adB HorBJiu. Tasie cy&beKTu^ ho cmotph hb BH'bnrHia npoTHBO- 

pftqia A^BTaibHOCTH H H3H'6hu aceMy B BC^^MI, A'^flCTBHTUbHO 

ocranTCB b^phhxh caMHH'b ce6£; ai btoms cHucji, Hanp., OuHBbe 
6Brii> npaai ci ncBxojoraqecBofl tohkb sp'^aia, otfpaTBBmacb OAHaacAB 
Kh cBOBMi BsdapaTejiBir'b c«b TanHUOfi ^ptaoi: ca He BSMiaaiCfl^ 
HSMiaaiacb jiaiub b£[>... 

Ho pBAOMi c% sTBM'b uiabHHMi xapasTopoxi oTpauaTejibHaro THaa^ 
a Haxosy y Ph6o hhoS o6paBeii'b| &*& BOTopoMy mosbo npiypoqaxb XPF* 
ryn Bareropii) peneraTOBi, h bitoxx hbcjA IIpeBo-IlapaAOiB. 8to — 
xapaBTepi, «8aBjiK)qaK)ni;tfi vb ce6^ 6oj£e rjiytfoaoe npoTaaop^^ie, no- 
TOHy HTo oho cyBKeCTByexi Bx^cb Mea&xy AByMB HaBepaMH qyacTBoaaHifl^ 

AByMB TeHXeHKlBMH B XByMH CHOCOfiaHB A^BTeJIbHOCTa, HCBJD^aDH^HXfl 

OABHi> Apyrofi». H BBTop'b uBTBpyerb, a'b lacjiii cbobxi npav^poBi^ 
<jK>Aefi, paspuaaeMBXi noTpe^HOCTbD A^BTejbHOCTB b noTpe6HOCTbx> 
oTAuxa a 6e3npecTaHHo nepexoAfln^ax'b oti oahoA bi APyroMy»; a 
BBEi Ha BOHBpeTHUfl o6pa8ei;'b npoTHBopi^flBaro BHyTpeaHO ^eio- 
b^bb, yBaauaaeT^ hb sHaMBBHTaro soMnosBTopa Baraepa, BOTopHft> 
no cJiOBaM'L jEBAi, xopomo SHaBmax'b ero, coBMiuiiajii li cetfl «hh- 

CTHHETU aCBeTB H CBTBpa, nOTpe6HOCTb JK)6aTb H BeHaBBAtTb, CBlb- 



HSTb ^PAHIPH. 65 

BHfi nosHB^ Ki HacjasxeBiK) h sasAT H^eaJia, BUCOKoe cosHame 
HeioBinecKaro xocTOHHCTBa h canoe HHSMeHHOe JiaRefiCTBO, noiricb 
npex&HHOCTH H THycHaro npeAaTejiBCTBa>. H 6u CAija[ajii> ri dTony 
vy oroBopsy, «ito OAHOBpeMeHHOe cymiecTBOBaHie pasjraqHHX'B Ten- 

AeHOtifi B% TaROlCB qeiOB^Ki HHCROJbRO He HCRJHD^aerb TOrO, HTO 
BpH HBBi^CTHiai 06lI^eCTBeHHnX'L H JIHHHBXl yCJIOBiflX'B H06iflfiL 6y- 

ffiTb ocTaBaTfcCA wb npoxoJUBeHie HSBicTHaro, — nopoD, moxot'e 6urhj 
H AOJiraro> — BpeiieHH, sa oxtioA TeH^eHiqefiy a npn HsiiftHHBiimzcA 
ycJioBiflxi sa ApyroS. H npes^e, h noci'b 6opB6a BHyTpeHHnx'b npo- 
THBopi^Hifi, oqeBHAffo, He yMOJCRaeTTb b'b j^ymi^ noj(o6Hoft jih^hocth, 
HO BjijiHie BBBJiCTHofi cpejku MOseT'B AftBaTB 6ojAe HJiH Mee^e no- 
cTonHHufi aepeBi^CB, CRaseH^B, nojiosHTejiiHUM!B CTpeHJeaiBifB, a Bjiia- 
fiie Apyrofl cpeAH TaRoft se nocrojiHHHfl nepesftcB CTpeujeHiAM'B 
OTpeuaTejiBHiiM'E. 

BosBMHTe DpeBo-IIapaAOjiH. 3to qejiOB^Ri Coifbe cjoshsto h 6o- 
jAc cBHnaTHHBaro TBna, niwh MixHOiofisfi h 6e3CTUsifi noiHTB- 
Raui> «j[erRarocepAil&>- £ro Aymapano BB^flexcA apenoft ctojirho- 
Beflk aroBCTH^eCRBxi h ajbTpyHCTH^ecRBXi hhcthhrtobi. Ho noRa 
ycjiOBia o6n;ecTBeHHofi h jra^nofi shshh cjiarajHCb oahhm'b cnoco- 
^oMx, 9T0 6ujn> BBaMeHHTUft sypHajiflCTB onnoBHi^iB, jiBJiaBmiflCfl, 
no cjOBasfB, ecJiH He omBfiancL, JKedjir GBMona, «cHacTOjin^efi cja- 
Bofi ^paHi^yscROd neqaTH>; a BSHtHnjiHcii bth ycJOBin, h OHnb CTai'b 

"IBHOBEHROMl HpeSHpaeMOft HBTB HMaepiH, A^a TOrO, ^T06U, B'b nO' 

puB'b HOBOfi xynieBHoft 6opb6a, paBpiniHTB BHyrpeHnee npoTHBopib* 

^ie HHCTOJieTHHU'B ' BHCrpijIOM'B, AORaSaBl dTBHl UOejiAHBH'B aR- 
TOHl CBOe CpaBfiHTeJLbHOe npeBOCXOACTBO HBA'B ^HCTORpOBBHlCb pc- 

HeraTOKi: jidab TBna OiJiHBBe He CTp^junoTca... 

TaRnb, no RpafiHefi M'bpt, a noHHHai) thbi IIpeBo-IIapaAOJLfl, 
HacROJibRO oE'b BupHCOBHBaeTca He ToibRO B8i» ero CO^BQeHiS, HO 
H HB*b ero 6iorpa(f)iH, HanacaHHod nexaBHO FpeapoHi, b nHTHMHofi 
nepenHCRfl ci ApysbaHH, npHiosenHofi r'b aTofi rhbsr^ *). MeHji, 
bo BcaROMi ciyHa'6, yxBBHjio cji^yioniee oCcToaxejibCTBo. Fpeapi 
CTapaeTca peadHJiBTapoBaxb noBOfiHaro npiaTeJii h AORasaxb, qxo, 
co6cTB6HHO roBopfl, BpHCoeAHHeHle napaAOJH ri HtfnepiB 6imo He 
HBKi^Hofl, a CRopie jiorBqecRHMi bhboaom'b hbi ero MipoBOSBpiHia. 
H^Bi TO se canoe BpeMa coBepmeHHo ynycaaerb Ed% BBfj xaaofi 
Aparoi^^HHHfl AORyMOHTi j^ia ncHxojioriH IlapaAOu^ RaRoft saRjiD- 
HaeTCfl B'B ({^aHTacTn^ecROMi paacRas^ TaiaHTJiHBaro nyfiiHu^ncTa 
<Mofi Apyn FepMaHTi. B'b oahohi hbi Hinei^RflX'B ropoAOB'b, hb- 

BOJHTe-JIH BBA^Tb, SHJl»-6ui'b MOJIOAOfl CTyAeHlYb repuaHl, ROTO- 

paro npnpoAa n^e^po HaxtJCHja bc^mh xapaMH: HCRpeaHeft jidSobbd 
Ao6pa, CTpeMjieHieH'b ri hcthh'6^ 6jiaropoAHHifb xapaRTepoH'b. 7 
Hero saM-bHajiocb jiHmb Asa HeAOcxaTKa hjih, Btpniey A^i^ oxpa^rHo* 



*) OetoTe Gr^ard, nPre?OBt-Paradol. Etude gairie d*an choix de lettres"*; 
PftTiB, 1894. 

H I. Oxj^^vh n. 5 



66 PyCGEOB BOrATCTBO. 

cth: oh<b HHKorxa He uorb 6oxpcTBOBaTb no aaxoxi^ cojrHii;a, b o 
066% roBopHjTB (TB rzyCoj^HKi ^yBCTBOM'B irejiaHzojiH. He yKEBjaft- 
TeGi> BTOMj: Ayina 6%;iHaro repHana ^uia noA^JieEa iresAy AByMA 
T^jiaMB; AHCHi OHa o6HTaj[a b'b o6oio^r^ xo^poj^tieJibHaro rtnei^- 
Baro lOHoniB, a na hohb yjieTaia bi AscTpajin v TairB, cpexB ^bk 
aHTHHOAOB'B, BOJia BopoHHyi) SH8HB Bi T%j[% H^Koero 6poji^rH nap- 
Bepa, BOTopafi CBopo AOinejrB ^o apecTyiueHifl. H bote, b'b oaho 
npespacHoe yxpo ApysBfl MHjiaro TepuaHa Hanun ero 6e3A£rxaHQfi[t 
Tpyn'E B'B spoBaTB: OBasajiocB, hto ber'b pas'B B'B btotb HOMenTi, 
Tan's, Brb AajieBOfi ABCTpajiiB, HeroAflfi napRepn^ 6aji'B noB^men'B 
no npHroBopy cy». TeuepB h npHciyinaflTecB, HnxaTejiB, k-l cJiiAy- 
loniefi saBJCEoqHTeJiBHOd Tnpaxi ocTpoyxHaro anxopa: 

^Ho pasB'i^ B'B 9T0M% <i)aRT']^ saKjm^aeTca yxe Tas'B mhofo ^yxecHaro? 
n Bct Hu He aBjaexea-JiH CTpanHOK) cm'j^cbio Fepiiaaa h napsepa? Passi 
MOSHO OTAtJEHTB 6j[aropoxHyH) CTopoHy Hamed npHpow ot'b HHcmHX'B h rpy- 
6iix'B CTopoHi, H pasBli MU HC HOCMM'B Bi ce6i^ iie]SAyyco6HyK) BofiHy cTpe- 
lueHifl. Ceroj^HA mu— FepHaBH, saBTpaMu^-IIapKepxi, a nopoE) o6a Bud^ci^: 
xo TaKod cTcneHH mothbh naniHX'B jifkHcTBii CMiniaHU h bojcbhshu, ^o Ta* 
Bofi cxeneHH mu B3HliH^HB£i H HenoxosH caxH Ha ce6a, js,o Tasoft CTeneHH, 
HasoHeii'B, ;^o6po h sjo rj[y6oBo nepenjeTeHu b'b namefi ^[yiM'fe" * . 

KaK-B Ban's HpaBHTCA 9Ta cBasica, ^STaTejb? H He HaxoAHre-jra 
Bu, HTO snafi HJiH BcnoMHH 9T0 npoESBexeHie Pn6o, OB'S AOJseH's 
6aji's 6ti uHTHpoBaTs bto h^cto jsaa xapaKTepHCTHBH cnpoi^Bopt- 
qHBaro xapaKTepa>? Eor^a a Hanaj's, no spafiHefi uipi, cs BTofi 
TOHKH spieifl BxyMEiBaTBca Ibi o6cTOiiTej[scTBa shshh h nepenncsy 
UpeBO-IIapaxojifl, lfe^a nopasHjrs, HMeHHo, btot-b npcTOAHHHfi JcyajHSirs 
ero HBTypH, Bia 6e3noKoflHaa, 6JyaJ^aK)^^aa h MflTyniaACA Jiyma, 
Bxoji;aD^ai[ to b'b HHTOpecH sroHCTa UapEepa, to b'b cTpeMjieHiii 
aiSTpyncTa — repMana. He b-b jiorOTecKOirs BjeMenTi IIpeBO-IIapa- 
lOJiT, a B'B ero TeBcnepaMCHTt, ero xapaKTep* na^o OTBrcBHBaTB 
TafiiHy ero noJiHTHHecsaro peneraTCTBa. 

PasBepHHTe nepenecay MOJiowro h yae 6jiecTan^aro napaxojifl. 
Owb npofiyatxaica B'B coseaTejrsHoft xhshh b'b Koei^t 40-x'b roxoB-s, 
H 6ypa (freepajiscBoft peBOJIlo^iH jiojana (Jajia ycEopHTs ero pasBH- 

Tie. HOAOfiHO MHOrHMKB Bne^aTJHTejISHHM'S yMaJTB BTOfl anOXH, OB'S 

co»iyBCTByeTTb coi^iajH3ify, cJiij^yeTB ottocth sa ^ypse, ne Cea-s h*- 
BOToparo DHoniecEaro caMOAOBOJBCTBa HasHBaers cefia cMaTepiajiH- 
CTOM's-coi^iajiHCTOM's»; cTpoHT-s cBoc o6^^ecTBeBHoe MipoBosspiHie Ha 
€6jiarococT0flHiH bc*x'b jiiDAeft», cs BHTysiaBMoifB BcnoMBHaex-B o 
HtBoeMT> Apyri-Myjax*, ySiaAenHOMi co^iaJlHCT4; cbmi nnmeT's 
DHoniecKyH) Cpomropy boa's sarjiaBieifs «Cob*th MojioAOMy HeJOBisy, 
HJIH BHOop-fe napTiH> H saaBjaeT's ce(5a piniHTejSHHMi CTopoH- 
HHBOM's oCmecTBeHHaro nepeycTpoflcTBa. Ho Aase h bi stoti mc- 
AOBufi Mtcan's DBomecKaro BHTysiasMa xpnnjiHfl fiacysyaroHcxa-IIap- 



♦) Greard, crp. 61—62. 



H81 «PAHmH. 67 

Kepa npopuBaercA nopoD cpexH bucorhx7» hoti HxeajHCTa-Fep- 
Masa. TaK^ b'e hhcbm^ (ot'b 27 anp'fejiA 1849 r.) bi Tdsy, 6ub- 
meMy ero CTapmHH'b TOBapomeiTB no HopiiajBHOft mKOJi% IIpeBO- 
napaxojB, coo6iita£ saK'B pas'B o CBoeS nojHTHHecKofi 6poinK)p%, 
BApyr'b AOBOJiBHo HeosHAaHHo roBopHT'B: €j[ He OTCTynjiiD HH nepeA'B 

RaBHMH CTpaXBMHf HT06u TOJBKO Bu6hTBCJI HSl HOerO COCTOHffiH 
nOCpeACTBeHHOCTH H BOfiTH Bl BTOTl CB'&TX, KOTOpsfl EBJ^O (^JAOTl 

BSflTB npHCTynoM'B> *). 9to yse HOTa sauHCHoro sapBepecTa, hjh 
KaB«B CKaseTii coBpeMeHHufi 4>P&B^y3'B| appHBHCTa (arriviste: bo 
4)paHiiy3CKoirBy BaRi h3B'&ctho, u^tb ciOBa «caiTi6riste>^ xot^ Hami 
«BappBepHcrB> npoHCXOAHTB OT-B 4>paHity3CKaro cjosa «cani6re>). 
B-B ApyroM-B DHCBMi KB (TsHy OTi l6-ro iDJA 1849 r.) y IIapa;i:oM 
BspuBavDTCH cji'bA7K)in;ifl CJOBa, yRasuBaDo^ix aa ero cbjohhoctb 
^ KB dDHKypeflCTBy B siasA'^ HacJiasxeHifi: c^a, tu, BOHe?Ho, MoxeniB 

rOBOpHTB CBJI^ BOJIHI.. Ho XJJI MeHJI CJIOBO <BOJIA» He 8aBJ[K)4a- 

eTi B'B ce6'6 Hfl^ero^ spoM'b CTpaAaniflH nyBCTBa pacKaaHix. YvLeEx 
nHRorxa He 6uio chju cr&cHflTB w6a B'B HeM'B-jH6o, h HHRor^a He 
fiyACTB* *•). Bb t4xb caMHX'B ^^paaax-B ocyjsxeHjjf, BOTopwa ohi 
gpocaex'B, HanpHM^pi, no aji;pecy Torj^amHefl sojotoS MOJOAesB, 
HasuBafl ee cnoAOHRaMH mojoaofo noROJiftHiA>, nporjiAj^uBaerB sa- 
BHCTB BB nix's ofipasy SH3HH: <H BTa-TO HepsB Baai pas'B o6j[avKa- 

eTB CaMQHH XOpomHMH JOmajUIMH H CBMUMH BpaCBBUMH SeHO^H- 

HaMH> •**) (hhcbmo B'B Tpeapy otb 1-ro 0BTa6pa 1851 r.). Tasia 
BOCBJHiiaHifl HenpiaTHO nopasaiOT'B bb K)Honi'6, BOTopufl pa^oifB cb 
9THMB nojoH^ BHTyBiasMa B'B HxefiHuifB RanajiaMB, HayB*!, 4)hjoco- 
((>iB, cBo6oA^, H sagHBaeT'B o MaTepiaJBHUx^ jiHmeHiax'B (IlapaAOA 
6uji'B CHHOITB He6oraTaro BoenHaro h pane yMepmeft aBTpncEi) b<b 
njaneHHUXB pasroBopax'B n cbohmh APy3Bainr, A6y, Tbhomi, Fpea- 
poMi, H np. 

EL BTH ABB napajiJieJBHua Te^eeia, hosho cbbbbtb, nocroaHHO xh- 
Byro B'B xjmi hojoaofo nejiOBiBa, xoxa y Hero bb bth toah Ha^^e 
Bcero HBBepxB BcnjtHBaiOTi corp'i^Tua anTysiasMOHB bojieh 6e3Bopii- 

CTHUX'B HyBCTBOBBHift. A SH3HB HACTTB CBOBMB Hepe^OMi: BOJ^BOpeffle 

HnnepiH h HacTynHBmaa peaBi^ia chjbho M^maDTB yHHBepcHTeTCBoS 
BapBep'6; BpeMa npoxoxHT'B B'B noHCBaxB ypoBOBB, pa6oTu, npo- 
(t>eccopcBofi BB^eApu; a TyT'B npHMirnHBaexca ju36obb, seHHTB6a, 
X^TH H Heo6xoj(HHocTB BopMHTB ce6a H CBOHX'B. TasejiBB 6opB6a 
BB cyn^ecTBOBanie, o6e3BypasHBaa btofo anHBypefiua no hbbjohho- 

CTBlfB H aCBCTB HO HeBOjt, OTHHMBeTB HAeflfftlft ntlJTB, B XOJOAHBa 

cTpya droHSMB nopoK), bbb'b Baserca, oxBBTUBaeT'B bcid xynry 
UpeBO IlapaAOJia. Tbbi eni^e ^o ;BeHHTB6Hr, nojiy^HB'B aBaxeMsqec- 
By» npeMiio sa cBofl 3tk)A'b o BepHapj^BHB-Ae-Cen'B-IIiiep'i, nani'B 



•) Gr6ard, cTp. 155. 
;♦♦) 1. c, CTp. 163. 
♦•*) L c, CTp. 173. 

5* 



68 PyCCEOE BOrATCTBO. 

MOJOAoS qeJOB'&K'b uonOHeTt o Kaeexp^ B*b IIojHTexHHqecKoft 
mKOJrb H npnHysABH'E pa($OTaTb JioKTAMHt ?to6u Ao6paTBca ao dToro 

M^Cra, A^ftA BH3HTII ^(|)HiqajbHHM'b JBI^aHli H T. n. ErO, 0?eBHAHO« 

miHiLieT'b cjerKa yrpuseme cob^cth sa stj ycTynsy nepex^ Heea- 
BHCTHaMi eny pesBMOMi h ero npe^CTaBHTejULMH, KOTopuz'B ohi 
npeanpaeTi: cHpacKaeBaiocb, 6j^h Measly naMH csasaHo (nHmeTt OH'b 
Fpeapy 24ro Hoi[6pa 1852 r.)« bi tomi, ^to csnoMnpoHeTTHpoBajL'B 
3% dTofi CBajiRi^ fl3'&-8a MtcTa CBoe sHaMB, BOTopoe AO cflX'B nop*b 
ocTBBajiocb i^tjio H HeBpeAflMO>. Ho TyT*B se c^ yjiu6Bofi pascBa- 
3£iBaeT% o6i <o6]i(eMT> pacnoioseniH, BOTopoe BCTpi?aeT% b^l Ila- 
pHsi MOJiOi^esb, flifiiDniiyH) xoTb BH'bniHiB 3acjiyrB», b HeMeAJteHHO 
se Be 6e8*B caMOAOBOJibCTBa npatfaBJueTi: «Tt, eto npoBjBHani'b 
o6n(ecTBO, boxoabti na npoBJtBHaion^BX'b TpB6yHy; obb npocTO-sa- 

npOCTO He yM'^DT'b nOXHHMaTbCB B yXepSBBBTbCB 3;i^']&Cb» '*'). 

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xoiTb: Qocjit TajiaBTjiBBot san^BTH AByxi Tes'b na AOBTopa JBTepa- 
TypUf OHi nojyHaeTb s'b 1855 r* BaeeApy vb dBCBcsoM'b yHHeep- 
CBTeT^ rji,i OHi saHicTBA'b ^opxyjB, CAiiaBmarocfl MUHBCTpoM'b 
upocB'&ni.eBiB. 3a6HTa sa Bpena onnosBuia BMnepaTopcBOiry pesBMy, 
aafiuTo H TO o6cTOBTeJibCTBo, qxo caH'b ^opxyjib tffirxb nepe6ts^B- 
Boifb HS'b pecny6jinBaHCKaro jarepB. Bi nHCbMi bi Fpeapy (orb 
10 Anpi^jB 1856 r.) oH'b BpasHaeTCB, ?to «nBTaeTi BCBpeHHi>H> 
6jiaroAapHOCTb k% ^opTyjio, AOCTaBBBmeicy eny «cnoBoficTBie b 
B03M0»H0CTb pa6oTaTb» **). 

Ho EorAa IIpeBO-napaAOJb oxAoxHyn b'b npoBBiiiajrbHoirb ysB- 
BepcBTeT^ OTb MBTepiajibHHX'b jiHmeHift, ero 6e3noKofiuyK) Baxypy 
orajio TBHyxb bi. IlapHaKi. HoBud noBopoT^b BOjeca <{)opTyHii no- 
KOfb eny ocyni.ecTBHTb 9to sejaaie h BH'&cTi^ ch rbwh BHABHHyi'b 
ero Ha oaho bs'b caMux'b nepBuxi M^crb bi TorxaniHeM'b jHTepa- 
TypHOMi) Mipi: B-b BOHB.^ 1856 r. ohi nojiy^nji^ nparjanieHie no- 
CTOBHHaro coTpyABB^ecTBa Bi « Journal des Debats>. Btotb opraHn^ 
Bej'b (SypsyasHo-aEaAeKHqecsyK) oanosBuii) npoTHBi BTopolt BMaepia 
H san^BB^aJi'b bphei^hi^u M^niaHCBoft MonapxiH OpieanoB'b. Ho 9to 
H fiujio BBE'b pas'b na pyBy UpeBo-IIapaAOjiK). Ero cbb3h cb yHB- 
BepcHTeTCBBM'b B aBaAeMBHecBBifb nepcoHaJOMrb yse oRasajB cBoe 
BOSA^&CTBie Ha ero MipoBOSsp'i^Hie h sacraBHjiB ero no6pocaTb B'b 
Aoport DHomecBifl BAen h saii^HBTb bxi yii'&peHHiiM'b jrB6epajiB3- 
Moirb. KoBe'iHo, B'b cjiosKHofi Haxyp'b UpeBO-IIapaAOJifl b caHHfi 
iipouec(rb dTOro npeBpaiii,eHiB npsHan cjiosnyi) <t>opHy: HxefiHufi 
dJieneHTb npeBpacuoAyniHaro FepMana CBpaniHBaji'b ao H^Boropofi 
cTeueHH nrpy droBCTH^ecKBxi> HmepecoB'b aBaHTDpscTa-IIapBepa. 
HecoMH'&HHO, Hanp., ^to shboA h BQeHaTjBTeJbHufi lOHOma, noAofiao 
MHorHMi jsfijFim'b cuepoTHBBaii'b Bsi BHTeJUflreHi^iB^ 6urh cTpaoiHO 



*) 1. c, CTp. 203. 
*•) 1. c, CTp. 251. 



H31> WAHIUH. 69 

nopaseHi AeBatfpBCKHMi nepeBopoTOiTB, a oco6eHHO nocj[£AOBaBinBX'& 
BE HBMi nje^BCiiHTOii'B, B^ KOTopoM'b flpso BupasHjocb paBHOAyinie 
HapoAa Ki cBotfoAHUH'B noiHTB'iecRBU'B y^esAeniiiH'b. Hbao ^HTaxb 
HeroAyionufl nncBMa IIapa;iojifl ki> Tdey, bi* KOHn^'b 1851 r. h na- 
^^hjA 1852, ?To6£i noHATb CflJiy RpHSHca, paspasHBinarocfl bi xym^ 
uoJOAoro HejoBtsa. 

nTpedoBaiB Bceo6iuefi noxa^e roiocoBi Aia jiaiiJiaHXiieB'B, nerpoB'B hjih 
o6e3BaHi, BTO Bce oxho b Tose, aTO desyxie, ae BHiK)ii^ee xase saciyrii 
jorjH^HOCTH... jQ^aft BpaBO roioca noJHnaMB, k ohh BOTBpyiOT'B, ^TOHexoiXBO 

XBHTaTBCfl, HO, lUflHyCB, Jl HC BOX^HBDCB HXB :jaKOHy. EasB! Bl dTOd He- 

cvacTHofl CTpaH'fe cyji^ecTByerbU'ljiaflMaccaseiLxeji'i^iBiKeBB, peMecjeHnHBOBBy 
BOo6n(e tIxb voAeH, hto cocTaBiHiB nepconaiB aHTH^iHiixB pa6oBB, Macca, 
KOTopafl, noTOMy ?to bc yjcfeeit hh ^HTaxB, hh tobophtb, naxo^HTB hsihui- 
HHifH H ue^aTB H TpH6yHy; KOTopafl, He HHia HpaBCTBeHHaro nyBCTBa, xk' 
laiomaro jufl nacB cBo6oAy Aparou^HHofi h Heo6xoAHHod, Bpy^aeTB ojCHOicy 
HaioBtKy BceMorymecTBO, u a hosbojid Tepn'kiUBO yBi^HTb cbok) npnpoxy 
BB yro^y 3thmb TyniiMB HpoBycTaMB. Mtb, hh 3a ^to, KaK-b h ne hosbojtk) 

H rpUSTB HOH KHHTH SpiICaKB, KOTOpHH, b4^ TOKe BHOIHi HeBBHHO, HaXO- 

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30UB, 3HaiHT'L-JIH HOCHraTB Ha lipaBO T03BH? OtHI);II;B Hill! OHa HirfeeTB 

cToiBKO se upaBB, cKoiBEo HOTpedHOCTed, nanp., npano shtl, hhtb, hojB' 
BOBaTBCH rpas^aHCKHMrb daaoHOAaTeaBCTBOMB, OTeqecEHM'b ;i[apoHB npocB'b- 
meHHaro siacca aTHVb HecoBepmeHHoi^THHM'b ;r^TAit[B nauiH. Ho otbputb 

HOIHTH^eCSyK) 06j[aCTB HOAAlfb, KOTOpue He yniDTB HHTaTB, EOTOprafB 

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nycTHTB 6Luca bb laBRy cb (|>aaHCOBofl nocyAo£> *) 

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uoMy, 6e8Rop£icTHOfi THpaAliy Bu MOseTe yse otrputb aroHCTBHO- 
CRJM) noTpe6HOCTB BHrejJHreHTHaro 6ypsya bua'^jihtb ce6& hsx aToro 
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«ocia», dToro €6HRa» h ^aBBTB arHM'b «BecoBepmeHHOj%THHMi Ai- 

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M'bn^aHCROfl <jiaBBH(rB 4»aAHcoBofl nocyAofi». KasajiocB, HanrB MOJioAofi 
^eiOB'bBii Aojwiewh Chjh 6ii npHsaAyMaTBCJi h hbab nojoseHieM'B 
napoia, soTopoMy wb nocrtAHie tph ^oj^a (1848 — 1851) nepenajio 
uajo peajBHHX'B tfjar^B h kotopomj 6ypsya3iH, RorAa oh'b pas's^ 
nonpocHji'B y hca xj'ib($a, au^ cBHHi^a. Ho, RaR'b BB^HTe, IIpeBO- 
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fiOBaro XHB, a nosaAH, b'b napcTB^ Hi^ni.aHCTBa h nojBTHqecRBX'B 
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6JIB3R0 RB san^HTHHRairB «jierajibnoft CTpaHu> h opjieaHCRofi Hosapxia. 
A RorAa eiiy oTRpmacb B03M0SH0CTb npOBOABTb cboh haoh b<b aBTO- 
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no TorAaniHHirb ycjiOBiaifb tfipoBOSsptme, a othuh'^ SBSHb CTaja ajle 



•) Gr6ard, cTp. 186-187. 



70 pyOCBOB BOFATCTBO. 

Hero pflAOM'B ycn'bxoB'B.*) IlapBep^ h FepMan'B saRjnD^Hjre o6opoHHTejKb- 
Hui H HacTynaTejibHsfi coDdt wb ero aw% h bi Te^eHie secflTH 
jArb HameMy repoH) npainjiocb Majo CTpa^aTb otb BnyTpeHHefi 6oph6ii. 
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THB!b EMnepiH h A&se cbohhh BparauH 6iiJ['B DpHSHaH'B BapTyosoK'B 
TorAamnefi noM^HsypHoi ne^axB. A bm^^ct^ (tb t'^mi oh'b 6hctpo 
cocTaBjfljii. ce6i KappLepy, nojioseeie, ycn'bxi b'l o^n^ecTB^, bi 
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HAeajbHufi cTpofi pHCOBaJica eny b% 9to bpomh «pecny6jiH&ofi bih 
jiOBapxiefi», ho bo bcakom'b cjiy'^'6 <cbo6oahhiki pesBMOMi bjeh, 

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B% KOTOpyi) M03RH0 6uA0 6u KHHyTbCH CB HeCTbK)> *). 

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xoAoiTb 2% iiarepb SonauapTBCTOBi. 

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JHTepaTypa TOJILXO B HMtexi UOAOTBOpHUS CMUCJH B BCTBHHyiO 

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peUTb? Tarn aBBeTi rocnoABHi> *paHAiBl Hy, xax^b & aiejiaji|b 6h 
6htl rocnoABHOMi axoro rocaoAHHa*. KorAa «jiH6epajibHaK BMae- 
piH>, (fb peHeraTOMi OjuHBbe bo rjiaB!^, aaT'&fljia cbok) K0iieAix>9 
HpeBO-DapaAOJib BooSpasHjii, hto 6jLaronpiflTHui MOMeHTi> nacry- 



•) CeHTb-BeBi), Cb caMaro Haqaaa npBMKHyBmift K-BHMnepiHjTpOHyai. 6ojb- 
Hoe xicTO npeBO-IIapaAOJifl, BorAa, pasfiHpafl ci> yTOHqeaHOfi wkaumsocThso ero 
<JlHTepaTypHiae HnoJiHTHqecRieonuT£i>, fl;iOBHTO sau^THjrb: ta vacTO roBOpHjrb 
8T0 canaMy ceC^ h Hifbio npaso cKasaTb xpyriiM'b: 6yflfiM'b ocTeperaTLCfl, 9to6u 
Hame cys^^enie o seiuax'b Be 6ujio no;]^KynjieHO caMUMi* TOHRHU'b h lOBSHirb 
ESI HHTepecoBT*, HMeHHO HHTdpecoMi> Hamero yMa>. Cm. ero Nouveaux Lundls. 
P. 1884, 6-e HBAaHie, I, 103. 

**) Gr6ard, cTp. 275. 



H81 •PAJBOpn. 71 

lIHJl^b H, CO BC'hWh niUOMl BjaCT011D6l(a-aBaHT]DpHGTa, (SpOCHJCfl &*& 

pAXtt cJiyaKHTOjefi HanoJieoHa h Cua'b HasHa^eHi flociaHHHKOMi bii 
BafflflHrTOHi&. AxTaiLOBaHHiifl He TOjnbRo pecay6jiHKaHAaBfn, ho h 

CBOHMH nOJHTHHeCKHMH APySBBMB, 0H1» B'b HHCbMi H'b O^HOMy HS'b 

TOBapHH^efi, caA^cb yse na saaTJiaHTHqecKift napoxoA'B, o6HapysH- 
BaeT'B KaBii pasi aroT'b TeMnepaHeHT'E aBaHTiopHCTa, BOTopoMy b'b 
AaHHufi MOMeHT^b MaJO A^ja AO fil^pHOCTH noJHTHHecKHui y6i^sAe- 
HULMi, HO BOTopufi BecejBLO 6pocaeTCA BnepeA^, OTapajicb OTMaxHyTbCfl 
ovb AocaMHBUX^b Mbicjefi: <Mofl ji]D6e8Hui Apyrrs, nanpacHO bii 
BOjHyeTecb ropasAO 6ojie, Htni cj'&AyeTx, ox'b bcabofo BSAopa, 

BOTOpufi rOBOpHTCfl H HBHieTCfl npOTHBli MeHH. 9tH Beni.H E}i±V)Th 

OHQBh MBJio SHaneHifl. BpeHA — npeBpacHuft ?ejOBibBi>, BOTopufi bos- 
Aaerb BassAOMy ho ero sacjyraM'b. T'6, bto bph^bti rpoK^e Bcero, 
HOftMyTii Jtynme BorAa HH6yAb> *). 

IIpoHHTafiTe en(e pasi 9th nociiAHiai crpoBH h npBnoMHHTe,HTo 
«ABa npeeo-IIapaAOJb crynBj'b na no^By AMepsBH, BaB'b ao Hero 
AomjiH HSB-bcTui HaHasmBxcfl HeyAanaxi ({^paHi^ysoBi bi BoiHt 

C'b HtHI^MH, H OHl HHCTOjeTHUlTb BHCTptjOlfb paSMOSSHJI^b Ce64 

rojOBy: ne AOSHAaflCb <fipeMeHH>, ohi caMii bosabu ce6t aojis- 
Hoe. 3a OBeaHi OH^b nepeBes'b cb co6ofl ne tojilbo npaBTH?Haro h 
Hepa8($opHQBaro vb cpeACTBaB*b IlapBepa, ho h Me^TaTeJbHaro h hua- 
Bare BAeaAHCTa FepiiaHa. Qtotl Ao6poA'i^Tej[bHufi lOHoma ycHyj'b 
{(hao^bi ero Aynit noA'b BAijiHieifb ycntxoB'b, CAaeu, Bj[acT0JK)6u{. 

Ho TBMl, B'b HOpaAbHOHl OAHHOqeCTfi^, BAaJEH 0Tb ^AeCTflH^aFO Ila- 

pHsa, synojia HncTHTyra h yHipeHH0-AH6epaibHHHaK)H^Bx:b cajio- 
HOBii, noA^ BAuiHieKi npHXOABBmHXii B'6cTefi pasrpoMi HMnepia 
H, CTaAo 6uTb, 0()>()>Hi(iaj[bH0i Bapbepu^ TepMaH'b npo6yAflJCA n ho- 
CTBBHJii noA'b AyJto DHCTOJeTa CBoero ciaiicBaro 6AH3Hei]^a. B'b paa- 
CBas'fc IIpeBO-IIapaAOJifl aBBHTiopHcrb 6ust> apH^HHofi cMepTH 6AarO' 
poAHaro uojiOAoro qeAor^iBa: bi shshh caMoro asTopa repKaHi* 
OTOMCTBA'b sa cofifl, yfiflBi. HeyroMOHHaro Bapbepacra. <^Ti, bto bph- 
qarb rpoMne Bcero, oofiMfTb jy^me bofab HH6yAbl..» Ohh hohjiah 
H roTOBEi jsjBL&e npocTHTb HapBAOJiD sa ropbBifi h caacHTeAbHua 

JpOB'b, A&HHHlfi ero CMepTbD CAa^HM'b HBTypaifb, HAyH^BM'b Ha CA^ABH 
Cb COBiCTbD. 



Mh'^ xoT-j^jocb 6u B'b saBJ[H)HeHie nocraBHTb nepeAi* rAasaHH 
^HTBTeAH CTporys) H u'J^jibHyx) <i>Hrypy BjiaHBH. Si no Heo6xo- 
AHMOCTH 6yAy BopoxoBi. Slf BopoHeMi, yse bi caMoicb nanajc'b 
dToro dTiOAa CBBBajcb, hto 6epy BjiaHBH jamb, bbbi Tsn'b jchihocth, 
ocTaBaBHieficH BcerAa h npH bcIxi o6cTOflTeAbCTBax'b B^pnofi CBoaifb 
y6'l^eHijiHi>. Menu HHxepecyerb JHuib ero HpaBCTBeHnaa <j^H3ioHo« 
Mia, ero, tbb'b csasaTb, peAHriosHoe oTHonienie B'b npeAMexy CBOHX'b 



*) 1. c, cTp. 300. 



72 PJGGSOS BOrATCTBO. 

B^poBaHifi, HeaasHCHifO orb Toro, 6yji;eT% jih bthmi npeAMeTOX^ 

HCTHHHHd BorB HJH lOSHHft UOJIl. IIOJIlTHE'B MOSOTB EpaftH& 
pi3B0 OTHOCHTBCII B'B otfn^eCTBeHHOft A^flTeJBHOCTH EiaHKH: XHCIH- 

TejiB H xyAOSHHK^ He MoryrB ho BOCTopraTBCfl nepexi 3Ha?eHieM<B 
H dcreTHHecsofi RpacoTOfi axoro HenpesjOHHaro xapaKTepa, BOTopHft 
cjoBHo ceft^iacB BHinei's bsi CnapTu h Pnna, hjh, no BpaSnefi Mtpi» 
H3% BejHqaBHxrb TpareAifi KopHeiA. H boitb Bam xoKasaTejBCTBO. 
CobcAm'b ne^aBHo aoABHjacB 6iorpa$iA KiaHRH *)y npexcTasjaioiiuui 
C060D JiyHBiyK) Beoib hs'b Bcero HanHeaHHaro o6t> BTOifB x^Tejit. 
H BTO efl BBTopi? He peBOJim^ioHepi', ho ^^anaTH^ecBifi yqeHHB'B 
cTaparo peBoiK)ipoHepa h ^ase ne nojHXHK'B b:b co6cTBeHHoir& sna* 
HefiiH SToro osobb. On'b npesAe Bcero bphthb'b Hsan^HHX'b HcsyccTB'B 
H xpoHHRepi xyAOsecTBeHHaro ABHseeifl bo ^paniuH. TajanrjiBBuft 
H Be tfes'B cBJioHHOCTH B'B jHTepaTypHOHy HMnpeccioHHSMy, OH'B rjiaB- 
HuirB otfpasoifB BHmeT'B shbouhcb, cKyjiBOTypi h t. n. Bemax<B 
H Ha^BHaeTB npio6ptTaTb B'B btoS cneii^iajiBHOCTH BSS'bcTHOCTb b 
cpeAH o(j[)(i)HAiajikHEix'B dffep%. IIo cBoeiiy oGn^eny MipoB033p%HiiD» 
OHi — paABBajfB, a oxotho 6u xase csasajix — nporpeccHCT'E, ecjiH 6U 
BTHifb cAOBOMi He cxajiH B'B HOCJT&AHee BpeMfl npHspuBaib CBoe no- 
jiHTB^ecBoe y6osecTBo oanopTyHHCTu h pea&iUoHepH. 

H BOTE STOTl-TO BHCaTeJEB-apTHCT'B H BAOXHOBHJICA o6pa80H%^ 

EjiaHBH H ptmnji boscosabtb ero ho bosmoshocth BipHo h shbo. 
Bbi ceinacB ase ^yacTByere, hto aaxopa npesAe Bcero no6yAHJn^ &*& 
TaBoft BBi^aHi ero xyAosecTBeHHHfi BOCTopri nepeA'b <f»Hrypoft btofo 
repoH y6'&2BAeHifff tot'b caMufi xyAOsecTBennufi BOCTopn, BOTOptift 
OBJiaji'bBaeT'B ami npn qTenlH saBOfi nafiyxB xo^nofi ApaxH hzh 
mrjusA^ Ha TajuiHTJHBoe HsaaflHie. Pa6oTaji'B nami bbtop^b hba'^ 
CBOHMi npeAMeToiTB AOJro b cb jid6obbk), ho npHCMOTpBTecB xopo- 

HieHbBO B'B CaMHMl HpieMBIfB dTOA pafioTH. AeCflTB ifbVb OWh co- 

6Hpaj['B HBTepiajEi ajul 6iorpa(|^iH, «(HTaj'B naH^jieTU, CTaTBH, HHCBMa 
B HeHSAaHHHA pyROHHCH BjiaHRH^ HpeAOCTaBjeHHUfl B'B ero pacnopa* 
senie cecTpofi h HjeHanHBAed noRoSHaro, ace, ?to 6ujo HanHcaHO 
Bjibhrb; pacnpamHBaji'B ibi^i, BBaBmnx'B ero, h t. a* Ho naa- 
HSM'B-TO o6pa30Mi OH'B HOc^Hi^aj'B H Bsyqaaob, oco6eHHO cBxyAOse- 

CTBeHHOft T09RH Sp'^HlA, MtCTB, T^b HpOTOBaJa SB8HB BjiaHRH. IIpH 
BTOlfB, ROHO^HO, ryMRHHUfl CBMHam BBTOpa HpHMi^niHBaVTCfl B'B OFO 

dCTeTH^ecROMy BocTopry. Ho rbri qacxo xyAOsecTBeHHaa agtbib. 
apTHCTHHecRoe onncauie ropnofi MicTHOCTH (aosjii Hbi^uuX ni yaH- 

Xtjl CB!&T% BiaHRH (cm. CTp. 15 H CA^Jk.), TaJBHTIBBOe, HO CJHOl- 

ROM'S noApo6Hoe HSotfpaiaeHie scixi i^BtToa-B a uepoBHocreft ct^hu 
MoHii-CeHi-MBnieJEBCROfi RpinocTH (cTp. 85), sbbbb ao BMupeccio- 
HHSMa RapTBHa peBOJiDi^iB 1848 r. (cxp. 134, 140 h np.))— kbri^ 
wcTO, roBopi) a, dxa xyAosecxaeHHaa xexajB oxoABHraexi Ha» saA- 
Hifi njBH'B i^eHxpaJBHyD (j[)Hrypy dXEOAal nopoK) npocxo sajtems^ 



♦) Gustave Geffrey, aL'JBiiiiermfi*; Paris, 1897. 



HTO 8Ta KHBra ciHmROirb xoporao HanHcaHa Qa marine est trop belle, 
roBopflTi^ B'B TasHX'B CJiy^aflxi ^pani^ysu): ji^jtsL cxporofi h AijibHOfi 
jiHHHOCTH xoTi^jiocB 6u Hx^Tb H HHyD, 6oj[ie npocTyD, Tasi csa- 
saTb, B% AopH^ecKOM'E cTHJi% paMRj^ Gesi Bcixi BTHXi apxHTesTyp- 

HUXl 4>iopHTyp'b H KOpHHGCRHX'E SaBHTROB'B. Bo BTOpoft nOJIOBHH'6 

EQurH, apTHCT'B, BupoHeM'B, Bce Han^e h Ramie ycTyuaoT's h^cto 
eHiinaTH3Bpyi)ii(eify qejiOB'^Ky, h sor^^a bu aaiLpuBaeTe btoti toji- 
cTHfi STDArb, nepeA'B BaMH BCTaen, Eas's aBBSoft, otfpas'B h66ojb- 
moro, cyxoro» d^AHO, ho hhcto ox'i^Taro cTapHqxa, KOTopufi doa'b 
8ToS HeBHaqHTejiBHofi o($oJ[o«oft HOCHJ'B p^ABifi yMi, HecoRpymH* 
II yK) anepriK) h CTajbHoft xapa&Tepi. Tan'B MaHiaRa-ROHCnHpaTopa, 
coquHCHHufi 6ypsya3H0i npeccofi, 6jitABr6eT'B, pacnojidaexcfl, RaR^b 
TyMaHi, H coBd&M'B Hc?e3aeT% nepe^'b peajbHUM'b ^eiOBtROH'B, y ro- 
Toparo 6ujH peajbHUfl se ^yscTBa, npHBflsaaHOCTHy jd^obb r'b seH'b, 
poAHHiTby HO ROTopui Bce jiL^xh opHHOCHTb B-b asepTBy cBoexy 
HAeaiy. 3a6yAbTe, Aoporofi MHTaTCJib, xoTb na Bpeiffl o xapaRxep-b 

A'^TeJbHOCTH RiaHRH, ROTOpaa HOSeT'b ROpo6HTb BaCl, OCTaHOBH- 

Tecb TOJbRO Ha dToft BHepriH h rjiy6oRofi npeAaHHOCTH y6'&SAeHiio: 
o6pa8'b BjiaHRH BCTaHei^ nepe^'b brhh npocB'^TJieHHUM'b b, sa^uBaa 
ero HeAOCTaxRH^ bu npHMnpnTecb (Tb ReJiOBtRO]^^, npeACTaBjtBBmHM'b 
TaRyK) pisRyi) npoTBBonoJOSHOCTb <rb thhomi 6e3cepAeHHaro aroBCTa, 
B-b poA'b dMHJH OjjiHBbe, HJH (j^HFypofi pa3ji;npaeifaro BHyTpeHBHMH 
npoTHBoptqiaMH RapbepHcxa, b'b poji;t IIpeBO-IIapaAoafl. He jahbh- 
TeJbHO, qxo TajaHTJiHBHift xyxosHHR'b BaRJD^aeTi obod RHHry ry- 
MaBHUMn cjfOBaMB: 

^11:1^%, 3Ta CBepxqejoBi^iecKafl shshb, khbhb, nojHaa j[o6pobojbho npH- 
HATaro Ha ce6fl ropa h ynopnaro caMonoxepTBOBaHifl, ata shshb hb ho- 
seTB 6uTB noTepflHa xapoiCB. Ona inmRja ROJOB'&Ra ero Q6wmvarb paj^o- 
CTefl, oHa ocyxHjra ero na HecHacxie ne 6iixb noHaxuMi, He 6utb iK>6Hiriai'B, 
ona npH^aja ero (i>B3ioHOMin axox'B oxne^axoRi oc£op6j[eHifl... Ho npuM'i^p'B 
ero ocxaexcfl Aia nacB naBcerxa... Btoxo^ ^eJioBisb He xonexi HcsaTb hh 
yximeHifl, hh narpaAn. Oh-b rop;^o npHBHiiaerB cbod cyji;B6y CesB scAKoft 
naxesAU na BosHesxie. 3to— hobuA repofl, cooxB'ikTCXByioiuig Hxeajy nameft 
9II0XH h qejOBi^ecxBy** *). 

H. K. 



*) L'fclnferm^, crp. 442. 



74 PyCCEOI BOrATCTBO. 



JlHTepaiypa h 3KH3hi>. 

Bi> HacTynHBrneirB 1897 roAj pyccsaa jizrepaTypa odoraTHJuacB 
Hisuwb pflj^oiTb ese^HeBHaxi rasoTB. Tyrb s cJIfHi* HSj^aBaeiuiilt 
EHflronpoAaBi^eMi» Boj[b4>om'b no^-b peAaKi],ieft r. HyfiKo, h «yTpo», 
HSAaBaoMoe h peAaETEpyeuoe r., BaTajiEHHifB, h tMipoBue Orro- 
JI06KH1, H3AaBaeM£ie h peAasTEpyeMHe r. TpyeHHEOBUMi*, h cPycbt, 
asAaBaemafl r. raflAe6ypoBHM% noA'B pej^aEi^ieft r. KpeHiena, s «rj[ac- 
H0CTB> r' IlflTKOBCKaro^ H €HapoAi»», HSAaBaeMUft r. MaibinHHOKHirb 
uoA'b pe;(a&ii;ieii[ r. CTe^BKBHa. ^ 

4.JLywh» no cjioBaicB ero o6'BflBJiieHifi, cBBjiiiexcfl HesaBHGHMUirb, 

BHOJIHi CaMOCTOflTeJlBHHM'b, 60J[B]nHH'B OpraHOMl. ne^aiH, Cb BUJlflp- 

saHHBiiTB HaapaBjieBieirb h CesyGjiOBHO ^^ecTBuwh, o&beKHEBEwrb 
orpaseflieM^b sysAi* Bcero HHoroHHwoHHaro HacejioBia Pocom. Ooo- 
66HHoe BHHMaHie yAtifleTca o6b^6Ctb6hhoh sh3hh ^poBHH^iH ci» en 
tfHoro^flCJieHSHMH BonpocanH h HysAaMH. 3aHHMafl, KaK'B no otiieiiy, 
TaK'B H no nporpaMMi CBoeii o^ho hsx nepsux'b MtcTB bx pfljqr TaK'b 
HaauBaeMUX'B <6ojibniiix'bopraHOB'B» ne^aTH, easeAHeBHafl rasaxa cJly^Ti» 
H6 yciynaerB hmi no noinorb h cBoeBpeHeHHocTH cooSmeHifi. y?acTie 
me Bt raserb MHornxi* HaH6oji[ie TajiaHTJiHBiix'B chjl'b pyccEOft »yp- 
HajECTBEE BEOJifll o6e3neqEBaeTi> SBBoe, yMljioe, OTSUB^EBoe BeAOHie 
Aifla». JifiuAe — «Ee BAaBaacL b'b 60JLie mnpoEifl o&bmaBiE, pe^aEi^iH 
EaA'iteTCfl, 9T0 caMO fl,'^o 6yA6TB AOciaxo^HO roBopsTb aa ced&». 

cHapoA'Bs pefiOMOHAyerb cefia TaE'B: <PeAaEi^ifl raseru npEEE- 
Haen cjiOBO iHapoA'b* se B'B jskowl oCosnaqeHiE arEMi EMeneirB 
KpecTBflECEaro coojoioBifl, a b% mEpoEoifB CMUcji'b Bcero pyccKaro na- 
poAa, Bi noiHOM'B ero oocTaBt, bo Bcixi npoEBJieEiflX'B ero seshe 
rocyAapcTBeEEoi, o6n];ecTBeEEofi, yMCTBeEHOE, peiErioaso-BpaBCTBeB- 
EOfl, xyAosecTBOEsofi, dEOBOMEqecsofl. KasAAA EysAa pyccEaro na- 
poAa, EAKi> OAEEaro i^tiaro, KasAoe ero ABHseflie BnepeA'B no nym 
EGTopEiecEaro pasBETia Ha xBepAHxi ocEOBaxi pyccEoM rooyAap- 
CTBeflHOCTE H o6n];ecTBeEHOCTE saftAyTB B'B raseri^ e ^aETB^ecsoe 
EaioaseHie, e 6e3npECTpacTflyK) OBjiHEy. BodAepsEBaacB otb mnposo- 
Bini;aTeJD[BHBix'B o6tn;aHiJI, sepiAEO BTys'b ocTaion^Exca se no beh'& 
peAaEAiE, CEaseifB tojibeo, ^to raseia €HapoAi>» ynoTpe6ErB BCt 

OBOE CEJIU E CpOACTBa Ha TO, ^T06h AOCTOftHO HOCETB npESETOO OK) 

HaEMeHOBaBie». 

<yTpo>: «06niflpHafl nporpaiuia, onuTBOciB e MsorojilTHafl esbIct- 
flocTB peAaETopa-ESAaxejufl, paBHo EaEx e CjiEsafimnx'B ero coTpyAHE- 
soBi>, cjiysaTi> pynaTejiBCTBOifB bi> tom'b, hto HOBaa rasera tYTpo^ 
6yA6rB opranoMi sebum'b, EHTepecHHMx e AOcrofiHuiii oCn^EX^b ceh- 
nailE. MdJiEniHaM'B oHEiaeM'B BcaEia mapoEia oetn^Hia, noTOny hto 



JiHTEPAXyPA H SfiflSHB. 75 

^isTdkreJih HanrB, a^bhiA h npcTOAHHuS, s 663'b Toro jB'i^peHi btl sa* 
meifB npaB'b h o6fl8aHHOCTH sasflTB BHAaK)nieecjB[ nojoseHie cpeAB 
;g[>yrHX'B opraHOBi> npeccu. He Gy^eTB hh oahofo Boupoca aha, Ha 
KOTopLift HHTaTejuB H6 BCTpiTHJTB 6ii Bi raseit «yTpo» rpotfsaro 

OTOHKa; H6 npofiAOTB 668CJliAH0 HH OAHa MeJIO^B SH3HH, KOTopaa 

He Hamjia 6h m> Hefi apEaro h npasAHBaro ocB^n^eHiH.' IIojiHTHKa, 

BHJTpeHHflfl SH3HL, Cy^l), SeMCTBO H AJMa, COCJIOBHUfl y^posAOHifl, 

XHTepaTypa, Tearpx, 6Bpsa, cnoprB — Bce EatififiTb KOMneTeHTHuxi 
Js/kEwieAei, nojiHuxi GesapHCTpacrm h oiAjeocth p^ Toro, qTo6u 
BUC£a3UBaTB npaBAy 060 Bcen'B h 060 Bcixi no cob^oth*. 

XoTfl TaKHMX o6pa30Mii TpH ynoHflHyxufl raseifii h cne BAanxoa 
Bi> 6ojiie mepoKifl o6'bii^aHifl», «B03AepsuBa]DTCfl otb niHpoKOBin^i- 

TeJILHICL'B oG'bn^aHifii, «H3JB[HmHHH'B CHHTaDTB BCflKlH HIHpom 06i- 

n](aHJH», opfidjuo, EaEi> bhahtb wtaieJiB, 06'imjBkJorb aoboilho HHoro. 
ropa3;^o cAopsaHHie Bt CMucji:b oGim;aHift cMipoBue OTroj[OCKH>. 
Hxi o6i>flBJ!eHie roBopHTL mniB nopflAK^b h cpoKaxi HBAaHifl, 
iiipB4»rb H ^opiiaTi. HanpHuipi: cMipoBue OrroiocKHi 6yAyTB B£I- 
xoAHTB Kb o6i>eM'l OTx OAHOfo jifi AByxi jiHCTOBi 4)opMaTa CuBmett 
rascTLi croiocBi h CyAyrB ne^axaTBCfl nojifitwawb se spynHuirB h 

^eTKHMl inpH$TOM'L». Bx nOCJliAy^IAHX'B 06XflBJB[eHiflXl> dTOTB HyHETb 

tfujii) oTMiHeH'B Bi ciiij5;jjomfiXT> BupaseHiflxi>: «B% BH^ax'B ycTpane- 

HiHBCflKHX^H6A0pa3yMiHiH, BOSHHEHIHX'B HO HOBOAy $OpMaTa H mpB^^ia 

radeTu cMipoBue OTroji[ocKH>^ EOHTopa pe^aEi^iH CHirb o&baBJUL&rhy 
TTO, corjiacHO sejianiiD o^eHL HHorHXi* noAnHC^mKOBi, ^opiiarB raseiu 
6yAeTB He b% mecTB ctoji6i(OB'b, noAofiHO fiuBmeft raaeri €roio(rL», a 
wb ceMB H BOceHB cT0i6i^0B'B oGieMa fiojTBniHX'B rasen. IleqaTaTBCfl 
rasera 6yAeTi> cOBepmeHHo hobhui> mpH^ou'B, BHnHoaHHUMi Hsi-sa 
rpaHHiQj. IIodTOMy BcaKiH npeAnoioxeHifl cxoACTB'b BHineyKasaHHUx'b 
rasoTB naAanrb caHH co6o]d>. 

«rjraGHOCTL» Bupa3Hji[acB KpaTEo: <PeAaKipH <rjiacHOCTH» — o6n^afl 
(TB p6Aas^i6fi «Ha6ji[]DAaTejEUi>. 3to HseaBJEfleinb naci otb hboOxoah- 
tfocTH BUflCHHTB HOApofiHO HanpaBji6Hie ra3eTU. CKaseiTb tojibeo, ^to 
M£i cTOHM'b 3a nporpeccHBHoe ABHseHie HameH rocyAapcTB6HH0H h 
o6mecTBeHHoS shbhh, na HaipoHaiBHOft uoiiBt>. 

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76 P7CCK0E BOrATGTBO. 

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HEPHO-OSEPCKIH PECTOPAHV 

cymecTByeTt ci 1872 roAa. 
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ynpaBjenieHB KanejUiueilcTepa flpeftcNra. 

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BKycBi, cyroMHTejnbHO a^hhhhm'b h iiaAocoAepsaTejiBHHM'Bt. 

KaRi 6u TO HH 6UJ10, CB HOBaro roAa mk HMteifB i^iiiifi paAi ho- 



JHTEPATyPA H SH3HB. 77 

Bux'E rasoTL, ^eTO aabho yse se 6hj[o, b to h jsjkjLo npBxoAHTCfl 
cnumaTB, rjiaBBmrb ofipasoMi oti ^poBBH^iaJOB'B, Bonpoci: tto bto 
SHa^HTL? Mh, nerepfiypsi^ii, Hapo;i;i cKenxB^ecRia, aa b Gojiie bi 
Kjpci A^a, B noTOMj OTBi^aeM'B: BB^ero Be sflaurB. Kobb^bo, aroro 
B BS'b nereptiypaa^eB'b bo csasyrB bb r. BaT&JiBfli, bb r. TpytisH- 

KOBl, BB r. nilTKOBCKift, BB Vh 0C06eBB0CTB fl CaiTB B KOMB. B(A 
OBB — a, BOpO^eiTB^ BOi JIH B OBB TO?— Ba^o jiyMaTB, BipyDTB, qTO 

BBB Ba^BBaoTCfl BOBaii snoxa wb BOTopiB pyccKOft jBiBTepaTypu b 

JBBSBB. Ho CO GTOpOBH BB^Bte. H^TB BBRaKOFO COXB^^BIB, ^TO AO 

BUBiniBflro roAa raaoTii y Bac^ 6wio cjiBBiROifB Maio jifla. yAOBJse- 
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fleqBo, paAOBaTBCfl npeKpan^eBiiD mobohoiIb BicKOJiBRBX'b yAa^nBEOBi, 
6GJU 6h... eciB 6u, BO-nepBux'B, 6uj!a ysi^peBflOCTB, tto BTa vobo- 
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yRasHBaTBy a Ba to, ?to ero rasera 6yAeTi> noxosa Ba trojuocBY b 
coBO'l^ii'B Be 6yAerb Ba sero noxosa. 

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B Be^epoHi 1-ro BBBapfl flxi» BOJiBaa yse 6iuo AOcxaTB y Toproe- 
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BTBxx nepBEixi floxepoBi, ROTopne noi^BtTB'be. 

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ra3eTB QesnoJiesBO, a bb BteoTopKLXB oTBomeBiaxB b BpeAB0>. KaRaa 



78 pyCCBOE BOrATCTBO. 

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ne^eH'B TaKHMH cjmhumh, TajraHTXHBBiiiE h nepeAOBUMH» nosapajai, 
KaKi* rr. ^^julobi,, CupoMHTHHKOB'b H npo^i. 

HTaKi, qivB ace xoiSHa 6bitb rasera? BacceliHOM'B, aspanoirL, 
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He ocTaBJCfleTB sexaxb xyqmaro Bi cK^cit Kpaooni cxora, ho neiiHOSKO 
HeonpeAtieHHo. Hojibsh jh, no KpaftHett nipt, ysHaTB, vb qeirB co- 
CTOHTb TO «oiipejiiiieHHoe Ka^eoTBO», 6ezi> Koroparo A&se MHOsecTBO 
raseTB fiesnoiesHO, a b'b HbKOToptirB OTHomeHisn Bpe^HO? 8to 
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BspanaMH h dacoeinaMH: HCKpenHOCTb. Owb fobophtb: cJI Ttyvan^ tto 
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My^HTeJiBHHe, Bonpocu ycrpoftcTBa namet neqaTH pimajmciHSu can 
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H CB060A0S, He TOiBKo noflBxeHifl na OB'brB, ho h pocTa h A&ficTBiii 
owk nojn»80Baj[EOB-6H Toze b% Mipy, HysHyiD ji^jui shshe, ho 6oj[BDie 

H He KeHBHies. 

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noTOMy ^TO, ecjmOin ORasaiocL HSJeinecTBo raseTB, Tara caHa shshb 
n HHHH H cnpaBHTca. A botb, noAvre se, — BoiHyeTOH qeJioBtKi>, m 
vh BOiHeHiH oBoeiTB jiKXB HCKpeHHOCTB n;tHHTB Bi Ba^eoTBi peryiH- 
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BCet BtpOHTHOCTH, HeOSHAaHHUXl. Ho MU BTHICB dHHEHaTBCfl HO 6y- 

AOiTB. Sairbqy tojibko, hto b^ab, HanpHvtp'B, h r. MeAs^ACRitt Tpe6o- 

BarB OTB MOHfl HOAaBHO HCRpeHHOCTH, TOJIBRO HCRpeHHOGTH... 

J[K)6oniiTHO eo^e esbjijiDinfie saBiiqaHie r. FaflAe6ypoBa: <y naoi 
HHue OoflTCH neqaTH, RaRi BexHRoft onaoHOOTH, Apyrie BOSJraraDTB 
Ha nee mhccId RanoS to 6opb6bt, no cyn^eoTBy neiiaot, h6o ona 
Aoxsaa 6utb npflMO hjih ROCBeHHO, ho b-b rohi^ rohj^obb sceTaRH 
cAOBBOJieHa i];eH3ypoft». 

a AyvaK), qTO eciH na neqaTH jieHHTB HSBicTHas coshaai^At 
Has, TBopqecRaH BaAaqa, to ne Mente Toro h saAaqa 6opB6u, ao* 
Roxi na CBirb cyntecTByeTB scHRaro poAa nenpaBAa^ — nenpaBAa ne- 
B^bsecTBa H BafiiysABHift h nenpaBAa npaBOTBeHnaa. H ecxn 6opB6a 



JUBTEPATyPA K XBBBh. 79 

era nponexoAHTB hoa'b KOHxpoxeirB i^eHsypii, Tasi» sijsj» He HsiiflTa 
H3i> Hero H <HOKpeHHOOTB» T. FaftAeOypoBa; h a&so ero nepeposAe- 
Hie BOXH vb opeAoraBJieHie... 

Ki xapaRTepHCTHRi cPycH» Ha^o erne iipH6aBHTB ortATDmee. 

Bi craTbi^ «PacnpooTpaHeHie seMCKHX'b y^pesAOHiS^, MesAj npo- 
qHHi, roBopHTOff: «HH3Ke Vb (ytjifhxi ccysA^Hift ne?aTH», ^HrarejiL 
HaftAeri oaho hsi* BaffiHiixi* coo6paseHifl, npHHaAiesan^ae KtcTHQMy 
opraay ne^axH h KacaDmeecH BiiflHifl^ sencKEx^ y^pesAenifi Ha 06- 
mift TOffB oCmecTBeHHOfi sh8hh». HanpacHo, OAHaKo, ^iHxaTejiB 6yAeTB 
HCKaTB «HHse> ynoMflHyraro <BasHaro coo6paseHia>: ero h^tb he 
HHse, HH Bume, xairB b^tb h Bcero OTAiia «cysAeHi& ne^aTH>. F. 

FaftAeCypOBl, SaHHTUii «CaMHMH TaHHerBeEHBIMH MipOBBIXH I^iilHIIH 

Bcero npoi^ecca opraHH^ecRoft XHaHfl», He aoomotp^jtb Toro, ?to y 
Hero noA% hocoitb fljbjLs&tea. 8to 6£iBaeTB, oco6eHHo, RorAa <Sl caM'Bi 
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Tejuo 9T0 OABdJiH BHFOAHO. A T. FaHAsCypoB'B, DOBHAHMOMy, eme mho- 
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HSAaHiflxi: nepBOiTB, EOTopoe AoiacHO npeAoraBJUTB C0601) 6ojiBmyH) 
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xexHTB TenepB nepoAO mhoS. JS. vb neici nane^aTaso: cIIepBoe bbt 
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BHXOABTB Vb CBiTB JUHHIB HOpeSl HiKOTOpCO BpeKH. BnpOAB AO BU- 

xoAa nepaaro HSAanifl, noAHHoqEKairB aioro HSAaEifl 6yAeTB bucu- 
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MeflHaro apxHBa» H. Jl. FiaARaro, ho py^aexcii sa hxb <xo^hocxb>. 

dnE se jiix)6oiiuxH£ie AORyMOHxu, Hane^axanu vb npotiHoin» h 
nepBOMTb ^Jfc raaexH <yxpo». 

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ciysHJia ona axy Rapy, ho, ne Hnifl npaqaHB xeiaxB ycntoa ra3eii 
r. BaxaiBHa, ne naxosy BceraRH yA06HHirB roBopHTB o6b neS, hmohho, 



80 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

xenepB. IIo xofi se npn^HHt o6oflA7 MOi^aHieifB rasery «JIyTB>, 
4-ro flHsapfl nojiy^HBinyD nepBoe npeAOCiepeseHie sanpememe 
pasHH^urofi npoAasH, a saiiMii npiocraHOBEBmyncii Biipe;(b ;^o ytBeps- 
Aemfl peAasTopa... 

nepexoasy k% cMipoBUMT* OTroJiocKairLi. Fadeia ara, ctojib no- 
xosafl H CTOJTB He noxosafl Ha «rojio(yL», ctohtb npes^e Bcero, no- 
Ao6ho «PyoH>, sa HcspeHHOOTB. cBesycjroBHafl HCRpeHHOctB h TBep- 
jlocTB yfi&RxeHiK ctobtb y naci na HepBoici niani*, — bthmh cjioBaMn 
HauHaoTCA nepeAOBaa ciaTBH m> nepBon HOHopi. B'b ^enBOTOHi 
Toro se HOMepa npo$. TapxanoBi H3JaraeTB «3aAa^H neHaTH>. Co 
oape^i^eHiK) noTreHHaro 4>H3iojiora, H^eaiBHuft ny(SiHip[crB jifimevh^ 
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OTBieiTB ero npHpoAHaro Bie^emfl k^ npaB^t; a ceoeepeMmuocmt 
noAHHMaeMUX'B ny6jrai^HcxoM'B BonpoooBi h o&BeRXHBHoe oCcysAQHie 
HxrB flBJ[flK)xca nocjr6ACXBieHi> ero npHpoAHaro xaETa.» 

HaAO, OAHBRO, saiitxHXB, TTO saiiBJieHie o&b hokpohhocxh, jifixe 
«6e3ycj[OBHot HCKpeHHO0XH», He llimaex^ nepoAOBoft cxaxBt cMipo- 

BUX'b OxrOAOOROBlt 61IXB Vb BUOOROS OXeneHH RpHBOIHHe&HOI), saRi 

ORasajn 6hL npo$. TapxanoBi, oxosAecxBJuinniift, BipoiiTHo no ho- 

OHHTHOCXH B'B HyClHI^HCXHRt, HORpeHHOCXB (TB <npflHOJ[HHeftHOeTB]D». 

nepeAOBaa cxaxBfl 8xa npeACxaBiaeTB co6oh) naRie xo crpan- 
HHe, RanpHdHO nepenyxanHHe apafiecRH. Apa6ecRH — o^ohb Rpa- 
CHBUfi opnaiieHXi, ho xojibro opHaMeaxB, h cxpoHXB no hxi» 
o6pa8y H noAo6iK) caMoe SAanie a^uio neBOsicosHoe. ApafiecRH, ne 
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npeAGxaBJ[aioxi» cofioio ai^xo .xyAosecxBOHHO i^ijiBHoe. A jiofhto- 
CRie apafiecRH nepoAOBofi oxaxBH cMipoBiix'B Oxfojiocrob'b^ xo^ho 
pasHHMH pyRaicH BHnHcaHH, npH ^^eMB OAHa pysa hhcrojibro 
He coo6pa30Baj[acB 01 xiHi>, ^xo jifbis^en Apyraa h, Mosexi 6uxb, 
xpexBa, HexBepraa. Ofimja iticxa Oiart poAHHU, ciysemH 
HCXHH^ H X. n. — B'B c^OTB HO HAyTi: HXi BO Boixi xasexaxi, HO- 
BHXX H cxapuxi), KorJia 6u OAna a xa se pyaa naoaxB, ao xaEofi 
cxeneaH ohh mafijioHHU. Ho botb cpeAit' hoaoOhiixi ofin^HX'B MtcxB 
BApyr-B Rxo xo BonoMaaaexi «6HpseB0M'B asioxasi> h BnacuBaexi* 
oooxBtxcxBeHHoe, a Apyroft npaA'bJiHBaerB Htqxo OBoe, RaRofi xo 
<6ojiidHH MHtHia», xpexift aaxepecyexca cocxoameiTB fieJuexpncxHRH h 
onaxB se cBoe npanacBEBaexB. Iloiy^aexca oJoAAyDHKee: 



nTEPATTPA H SH8HB. 81 

cMipoBue OTroxocRE» 6j]5jrb Boeir&pHO crapaTBCfl nocraBHTB ks- 
sicTHue npe;^jui pasBHtii) eobhxi nopoROBi h mobult> o6in;eoTBeH- 
muTh asBx. Ohh 6jfljTh oroaTb sa ncRopeHOHie 6HpseBoro aacioTaasa, 
sa jAaieHie Boa^eosHxi mapxaTaHOB'B, maffrasHCTOBT* h, B0o6me, bo3- 
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sarb OAHOBpeMeHHO h Bory, h MamiOHi. Ohh en^e aHeprH^Ete, Htin» 
waviy 6yj[jTi> crapaTBca Hay^aTB jnoAefi cjiysHTB rpasAaHCTBeHHOcrn 
H6 paAH HAOioBi asu^ecKOJl i^HBEJiBsauiE, a BO HMfl Bora shbofo h 
HOTHHHaro, noBejiBTejiBHo Tpe6yDmaro jidChtb <Maiux'B ohjii>» h sepT- 
BOBaiB acH3BiH) «3a APyrH cBoa». Bi sAopoBot Pocoiu oRasfiiBanron 

HBCTBeHEUe npH3HaRH ti0JI'63HH. ECTb 60Jli3HB T^Jia — TbjlO Poocifl 8A0- 

poBo; ecTB 6ojil3HB MEinia, ROTopaa HMiers t& se npHSHaRH, eak'l 
(k)jii8HB T&Ka. MosHo cpaBEHTB npoH3BeAOEia neqaiH ci xoponHMB 

HU ATPHHHH SRHSHeHHUlia EpHnacaMH, ROTOpue HJIH yRpi^EJiaiyrB, HIH 

pascTpaHsaioTB Tkio. K^ qncjiy noojrbAHHxi cjriAyen oTHecTH Ty $e- 
aoco4>iD, ROTopaa OTBepraen Bora h xpHcriaHoifyi) MopajiB. BcaRoe 
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texHHqecRH ycoBepmoECTBOBaEEofi, nps orcyrcTBia riyfioEaro Bayr- 
peaaaro coAepsaaia. Maio Toro, 6jiaf0Aapa aceiiy aroMy, aapoABHa 
maccu, jHoiaacB bi HSBicraofi irbpi SApaBaro pyROBOAan^aro sie- 
xeHTa, 6'bAH'bK)TB a rpy61(X)rB». 

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cBa3B MesAy oTAlJiBEBiMa ea '^acxaMH? HoBue nopoaa... OapxeBui 
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cTpoR^... ynaAOR^ acayccTBa... o6iAHiHie aapoAHUxi MaccrB... Bbitb 
MOseTB, a ecTB xaRaa Towa spiaia, ob ROTopoft Bci bth npeAMera 
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padEUHH pyRaifa nacaaa, ho oaa npoHsBOAHTB Taaoe aneqaraiHie. 
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BHeHHo, cpacapoorpaaaeTca iiea^y OTpoRi)»? cooooficTBOBaja la, aa- 
npHMtp'B, BB aETH«iao8 Tpeiua aacToaniaa asuqecRaa KHBHJiHsaiiifl 
yna;iRy acRyccTBa? KaaaHB njienB nacaaie MesAy CTpoRB BiiaeTB 
Ha o6^AHtaie aapoAHUXB aacoB? a t. a-> > t. a« 

Hto Racaeica ^^eibOTona npo$. Tapxaaoaa, to Axa napoxHHRa, 
BSAyaaBoiaro Ta^iatB canorH, orB a^^^ oqesB HeAypeaB. A cb to- 
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AOTB BB CBOH) BOBfiD pojiB. MoxAy npo^avB, OEB BOsiaraoTB aa 
ne^aTB 6j[aropoAByK) saAany, cAtficTBya bb Ayi'i^ caanaTia coaaAaxB 
MipB (uapB?) a cofjiacie aesAy aapoAaaa, caoco6oTBya aa noiai^ jnofiaa: 

M 1« 0%K«j|% II. Q 



92 pyOCfiOB BOrATCTBO. 

K BsaHMHocTE BHTOA'B ooej(EHeHiD HapoAOB'b idpa vb ogsj va€mjv> 
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on cjimEoiTB H86HTott anajiorlH, oro npespacHaa muous xora Tosd 
AOBOJ[BHO HsOflTafl, HO HysA&V)ntaflCfl bi nocToaHflonii noBTopoHiH.. 
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noxoseiiie: <ne^aTH He^ero cMyn^aTBGa xapTHHott rpaHAiosHuxi saipan 
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(TblcTb caMi» ce6fl: ^tm rposHle h yCificTBeHHte 6jji,jvh caooo6u 
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Ha spoBaBUH pacQpH. BoTi ^To HasuBaerca a'^otbhtojibeo <npaE0- 
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Wb HeHSBiCTHOU'B 6yAyiI(eMl> K'b T^Hl tlL^TSLWb pesyjUBTaTaUl, ROTO- 

pHXii aA6TB r. TapxaHOBi. Ho BceiaKH yjiHia iAerx— Kor^a to 6y- 
AOTi, a no6o?Hue peayiBTaTu pasBHBann^aroca no BceS Eapont UBr 
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roBi) GOBCfkwb He TaKoro cBottcTBa, ^rro hmh cne^aTH HC^ero cicy- 
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mjLOjifiWb ^eioBtKl, €8T0 OTB MOJiOAymecTfia, co BpeHeneM'B Hpo- 
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0TA;bJiBHBiitB jiHqHOCTairB. MesAy t£hi>, noHaiie nanjioHajiBHoft cbo- 
6oAi H HesaBHCHMOCTH HHKorAa He ciysHJio npeAHeTOiTB cnopoBi h 
HeAOpasyiitHiS; upEBflsaHHocTB ri poAHOHy asuRy^ OTeqeoTBy, pe- 
jnHiiH H ofimaaiTB, T.-e. r'b Tony, qro HaauBaexoa <Hai^ioHajiBHOi> 
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BHaHlH HapOAOBl^ HO CMOTpH Ha npOHOBlAI* ROCMOnOJUHTOB'B EaROft TO 

<o(SmeqeJi[OBiqecROft ceuBi». 

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Hea^y noJiHTsqecROio h Hai^ioHaiBHOx) cbo6oaoh) — mosho oiqaoTH 
yse E H3X nepBaro HOHepa BHA'i^Tb. OpraHi r. IlaTROBORaro 

O^eHB HOAOBOieH'B EBpOnofl, BO BMlolt CB TtlTB Bu6flpaeTB flfia 

ce6a OAHy hsi eBponeftcRBXi nporpauMi, npETOMB oAsy hb-b xyA- 
mnxi: aBTEceMHTHSHi. BajiHTB BCi 6tji,u na OBpeesi no Maioft 
Mlpi He yHHO H Vb Enpont, xoth 6BiBaeTB h butoaho ajui se* 



JOTEPATyPA H aODSHB, 83 

jaDmHTb MyTBTb B0A7, Aa6u CB T&ir& 6oxbisnarh jAodcTBoirB jiobhtb 
vb Het PH67. A «rj[acHocTb> seiaerb h ki nairB npEBHTB btj no 
Kaioft Mipi H6 jMHyn Touy splHifl. EorecTBeHHO buxo;pitb eme He 
jMHte, ^iiTB Bi Esponi. IlepeAOBafl cxaTBa nepBaro J£ tfjiacHOOTH* 
peRoifeH;i(7eTOfl, uesajj npouifb, Tasi: cMs OTpHi^aen h apas^e- 
eBiiiBHy, HjtyniyK) OBepxy, h nyra^eBmHHy, noAHOMaiomyjDCfl 0HH8y». 
dro He yAHBRTejibHo: xopomaro MaJio, KaR'K bi apaK^eeBn^nHi, oi o;^HOft 
OTopoHur, xasi n vh nyra?eBiii;BHt ci> Apyrofl, TaKi ^to e^Ba-JiE j^ase 

•OTb HaA06H0CTB CTOJUB TOpseOTBeHHO «OTpni^aTL» HX1>. Ho yABBH- 

i!0jn>HO HeaocpeACTBOHHoe npo^oJiseHie orpHitaHifl €rjiacH0CTH»: ^^Hds 
no omoMy nymu^ mu 6y^eH'B otxoahtb OAHHaROBO j^asoKO h otl ah- 
Karo oficEypaa^HSiia nameft nceBAOROHcepBaxEBHoft npeccs, h on 
6ypsya3Ho-6Bpeficsaro JiHCepajusiia, BeA)maro HeAOCTOfiHyjo Hrpy oo 
bcImi npBHn;HnaMH xpHcxiaHcsofi itHBHJ[H8ai](iB n ryMaHH00XB>. EiieiibflHib 
Dyra^OBi B:6poflXHO o^eHL yABBHJicfl 611 xasoMy conociaBJieHiiD ero 
cb «6ypsya3HO-eBpefiOKiM'b uSepaiHSKOM^i, xa h nocjitAHiA> bi oBon 
oqepeAb, noqyBcxBoeajTb 611 ce6fl HeiiHoaKKo scyxso b% oGmecxBl 
EiienflHa Hyra^eBa. Ho <cfl ^yvaio, tto KapeareHi Ha^o pa3pymHTb». 
B^ xoKi xce nepBou^ Kt €rjiacHocxfl» ecxb cxaxbfl «Focoia h Saaa^- 
Haa EBpona>, wb Roxopoft ^BTaeHi: «?xo xasoe H3o6pasaexi 0060D 
specjioByxoe sanaAHO-eBpoDeficsoe «6paxcxB0 j[iOAe8> RaR'b ho 6pax- 
CRift conaii Jise-jiHSepajiHaMa qtb ^Bt^Huifb sHAOin>», ofin^aiiH yoH- 
juiflMB noAroxoBJDfaioiiiBl'b nofil^y xajmyAHSMa naA^ xpacxiaHCXBoifb h 
KaaBxaj[aHaA'bxpyAOM'b>. — flcHO, ^xo Ha^o paspymaxb, UHenHO, Kap- 
•areai, a He vro jiib6o HHoe. — Sa^aqy cbod <rjiacHOGXb» ^^opMyjra- 
pyexi xaRx: cOiRpuBaxb h On^eBaxb BCHRoe 3jioynoxpe6jieHie Ay- 
xoBHOH BjacxbD, BOHRoe HapymeHie saRona h AOira nepoA'b H^apeirb 
n oxe^ecxBoiTb, cuoooficxBOBaxb pasBHxii) h caMocoBepmeEcxBOBaHiio 
cosAaHHUX'b pyccRHMi HapoAoiTb H AapoBaHHUXi eny BepxoBHOfi 
BiacxBD Hai^ioBaibHUxab y^pesAOHiS, — boxx tto vlu noHHMaeii'b noA'b 
rjnaoHOOXbiD h nporpecooMi, h ri qeify 6jji,ewh cxpeHHXboa no Mipi 
CBn H onoco6Hocxett Ha Gxoj[6Aax'b namefi ra8exH>. 

Ho pa3pyaiBxiy-xo BcexaRH naAo KapeareFb, h6o bt> [Apyroirb 
Micxt xoft ace cxaxbM, oGiaBiaa cefia «npHHaAaesanieK) ri napxii 
eoK)3a II,apfl ci napoAOMi^ (BosMoacHO aa roaopaxb xaRoft napxia?), 
raaexa cboahxi ea eaAa^y, bod i^iAHROii'by ri caiAynn^eicy: tno bos- 
KosHooxH oxcxaaaaxb rooyAapcxBOHHoe h aai^iOHaibHoe oahhcxbo Poc- 
ciH orb npoca^BsaHifl HyaceaAHUx'b pasaarann^Bxi BaeneHxoB'b; ae 
CMOxpa Ba Bct xavoseHHua nperpaAU, saeneaxu aiH, bi aaqt 6e3* 
HO'iBeHHUx'b CHLHOBi nspaaifl a iyAeSoTByiDiaBX'b aH6epaji0Bb, yse 
yon'&aa caaxb Ge6£ ralsAO b^ pyccROirb o6iii;ecxBi a A&^e, yan, npo- 
HBRJia Bi* Ra^ecTBi napa3axoBi> wb pyccaid HapoAi»>. 

TaRaanb o6pa30ui», <BcaRoe3aoynoxpe6a6HicAyxoBHOX) (?) BaacxbD, 
BCHKoe aapymeaie 3aRoaa» hcxoabxi, noBBAHiioay, orb cqyaceaAHHX'b 
M padJiiaraniiiaxi aieaeaxoBX*, a Bfliax'b qyseaAHux'b a pa3aaraK)nuix'b 
aaeneHxoB'b, apoat tGeanoTOeHHiixii oubobi^ Hapaaaa a iyAOfioxBy- 

6* 



S4 P7CCK0B BOrATCTBO. 

DiQHrb iH6epajioBi»», y Haci» virh... CoKHiBaDOB, 7ro6u raserai ojv>- 
riBaenaa ctojib OAHonpeAMeTHon id6e fixe, norjia eooxjwiWTb noiesiiyB 
Giys6y cBoeMy oTe^eoTBy. H Kara ho bchohhhtl KaiKOBa, soroparo, 
Ha;^o AyMaxB, h r. ILiTROBCKift He aanoAospHn eh bi ciyAeSoTByi)- 
n^eiTB^, HH vb KaKOiTB ;q[)yroirB jiHGepaiHSMi e ROTopufl, RaseroH, 
He nojiJcesHTB noAosptHiD no nacTH crocyAapoTBeHHaro h Ha^ioHaxb- 
Haro eAHHCTBa PocciH.> 6% 1882 r. oh'b micajnb: <Hejn»8H Bctr^ 
eBpeeBi coOpaxB bi ojiny meio, Tro6]Bi sapas'B orpydsTB hmti BotM'B 
rojuoBK; HeJBSH lasse BurHarB hxi Bcrbx'B sa nanry rpaHHiqr, eciM 
He cqaTaTB TaKOBOD Te^enie ^ffbnpa; nejiBdfl h nepecexHTB Bot 8th 
^enipe HHjuiioHa bb BooTO^HBie KpaH, TpyAHO TaKse BucjraTB mtl 
B&kvb BB najiecTHHy hjhh bb AMcpHsy. CsojibKO 6ii yMHUXB Bemett 

MK HH HarOBOpHIH, MU BC6TaSH OCTaHeilOfl CB eBpeHMH, BB STOITB 

coinrbHifl 6htb ne MOseTB npn MaJitfimeirB oepBesHoiTB BsrjuiAt na 
MikJio. OTKyAa-se xeoepB, HHeHHo xenepB, sto orpaHHoe B036ysAeHie, 
BOTopoe HH Kb ?eMy Ao6poi[y npBATH ne HOserB.» (cMocrobcuh Bi- 
AOi[oeTH» 1882, }k 110). Bb toitb se roAy Qk 94) Roteobb no Off- 
HOMy qacTHOMy Bonpooy nncajiB: cEcjih r^b Ba6aRy mh paBHOAymHH, 

TO npOTBB'B niHHRapfl SHi^a Mil BXPjn BOSHerOAOBaJIH AO rOTOBHOOlX 

HsGoTB H csBTB CO CBtxa BC6 oBpeficKoe HacejieHie. Bb SHji(l-mHH- 
Kapi yBBAtiH Mu noqeiiy-To BApyrB BHHOBHHRa passopeHia Poccin k 
6iACTB6HHaro coctohhui oh KpecTBHHeTBa>... 



I^HTaTU BTH HanoMHHanrB Haui, qxo octb h en^e o^Ha, ecn Ht 
HOBafl, TO o6HOBJieHHafl raseta — cMocsoBCKifl BtA0H00TH>, nocTynaB- 
mifl CB KOHi^a nponuaro ro^a b'b saBtAusaHie r. rpHHruyra. 

Caoe BCTynjreHie bb peAaRTHpoBaaie «Mocrobckhxb BtA0MO0Tet» 
r. FpHarMyTB onoBtcTHJi-B ocofioft CTaxBeft, ckucjtb EOTopoit coctohtb 

BB TOMl, ^TO HOBUit pO^aKTOpB HaMtpeHX CDOCXeneHHO BBOAHTB VB 

coAepsaaie raseis AUhvMmia. yoBepmeHCTBOBaniH, cooiBiTCTByi)- 
Di^iH en AOCTOHHCTBy H 8HaqeHiK)»; ho — npHfiasjifleTB r. FpHHrMyTB — 
€H3iciHeHiH 8TH, caHO C060K) pasyvteicfl, othuab ho 6yAyTB EacaxBOH 
Toi flCHoS, OErpeA'faJieHHOfl nporpaMHU, Koxopyi) saBtn^arB gbohmi» 
npeeHHERavB M. H. KaTROBB> (MocRob. B^a* 10 AeR. 1896, % 340). 
nporpaMMa KaxRosa eAsa in 6uj[a gtoib Hcna h onpoAtieHHa, KaBB 
xyHaexB hobu^ peAaBxopB cMocrobcehxb BfaA0H0Cxeft>, ho ntRoxo- 
puH efl Macxtf, H rjKaBHtiHx o6pa30Hi» oxprn^axejESHue ea nyHRXEi 
6ujLE A'bftcxBHxejiBHO Aocxaxo^Ho onpeAtxeaau. TaE^ tio b^ btovb 
OTHomeHiH r. FpHHrMyxy e^xb HaA06H0GXH BidAyi^BaxB nopox'B. Ho 
BB qoMi se cocxoaxB «ABJi»HtSiniH ycoBepmeHCXBOBaHiH, cooxBix- 
cTByjomia AocxonHcxBy h 3HaqeHiK)» rasexu? 

OaAH^ dIIH30Al> Hdlk A'^BTOJIkHOCTH HOBOH peAaKI]iH «M0CR0B0RHX'B 

BtAOMooxefi» HHAtjiaJiB 6oj[bnioro myna, h mosoxb 6hxb HHeHHO B'B 
HetfB ciiAyeTB HGRaxB BHtpasenifl t^xb ycoBepmeHcxBOBaHiu, Roxt- 



IHTBPATFPA H SH3HB. 85 

PHS COOTBtTOTByBTB cAOCTOHECTBy H 3Ha?eHiD» Ue^aTHarO CJEOSa, 
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B"^ }& 349 (19 AeK* 1896), b'b nepoAOBOft ctaTLi, osarjiaBJieHHofi: 
«EcTB JiH B^ PocciH napTiH?» <MocEOBCEifl BtAoiiocTH», MesAJ npo- 
"tHMTi, UHinyTb: «Mu cHOBa noBTopaeiTB to npHnameHie, KOTopoe uu 
yse pasi G;^aji£ o^^Hi^iajELHUifB opraHam HarnHXi BparoBi, <Pyc- 
•KHMi* BiAOMocTani h cBioTHEKj EBponii» *): nycTB ohh KaTero- 
pH^ecKH saflBflTi oe6fl BtpHOHOAAaHHUHB Pfccsaro GaMOAepacaBHaro 

II,apfl, H MU TOT^aCB nOBipHITb HMl. PaSBi 8T0 Tasi TpjAHO AU 

HBXi>? BiA^ dTO TOJiBKo 6uao 6u noBTopeHienib npnEeoeHHoft hmji 

npHcarH*. 3a HCooiHeHie dioro TpefioBaHia cMocKOBCRia BtA0MO0TH> 

.o6tn^kJiH BeaBKiH h 6oraTHfl MHaocTH, o61ntaj[H cci otkpbitok) pa- 

AOGTLX), Cl> HCKpefiHHlIl BOCTOprOlTL nopBUo npOTBHyTB pjKy OBOHm 

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Ha 8TH o61iii;aHifl, h tbs'e KaKi bto 6ujlo yse He nepsoe jsrb hhitb 
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npocu>, H vb cbok) o^epoAB cava saAaia Bonpoci: RiHi ynojraoMO- 
neH> r. rpHHrMyn* npHsuBaTs jaojifitL ko BTopH^Hofi npHcarii? Bo- 
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TpEErMyTB, — Mon> vb ja>6oe BpeMfl XBaraTb jiioSoro MHMOxoAEiii^aro 
^eiOBtRa, — XOTE 6h 8to 6hurb ero BparB, — e npEsoAETb ero R'b npE- 
oflrb. HenyApeEO, hto Bonpocoirb, si^aEEuirb <PyccREME BiAOvo- 
GflME», saEETepecoBajiacb e neTep6yprcRafl ne^aiB: «C.-neTep6ypr- 
cRifl BiAOM0CTE», cHoBoe Bpevfl*, cToproBO-IIpoMunuieEEafl ra3eTa>, 
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BHyniaTB jundoBb Kh Tony, bo hme Roro eju ^ero BOSBumaenib ro- 
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CROBCRia BiAOEOCTEi GqETEDTb Oefifl, nOBHAEEOVy, BCOD PoCOlefl, 

•AEEOX) PoccieB e eAEEOTBOEEO pyccRoft napTiefi, a TaRse moeoeo* 
EHCTEME (karoEaAesEOCTE. MEiy nosajiyS, moseo 6iuo 6u paAO- 



*) B'b oAHoft RSI* HamHZ'B CTaTeft, noflBHBnxaxcfl wb cPycoKOMii OSoaptaiK* 
M noAnHCLK) « Spectator >. 



86 P7CCK0B BOrATCTBO. 

BaTbCA axoMy, noTOMy qio a tojbko tpo uojLjmuub otb hhh cbh- 
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nycTB HacTOfimafl CTaTi»fl 6y;i;en hohm'l OTBlTOin>». 

r. TpHBrMyTy opHmjioeB BuojiymaTb Msoro HenpiflTHuxi jijm Hero 
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^pyrie oprann ne^aTH AynaDTi HHa^e. Ho botb ?to jrio6onHTHO. 
GaM'B r. rpHHrMyTB ysasHiBaerb, hto oh^ y»e ne bi> nepBiift pasi 
Ai^aerB cBoe crpaHHoe upeAiosenie. IIo^eMy »e tojibeo TenepB 
BCTptTHJio OHO HacHiniKH H HoroAOBaEie? Habent sua fata 
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HH. B'B OaMOH^ A^'b, Bi^B HMeHHO HCRpeHHiftOliS BipHOHOAAaHHUft 

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npo^eRia cHMBOia nips. Hsi dioro cjitAyerB, ito Taai nasBiBaeiiafl 
fiiaroHsuiipeHHOcTB, npH HSJEHmHeirB ycepAiH ho no pasyny, caocoG- 

Ha CTaBHTB CBOEXl HOCBTeJiefi Bl O^eHB AMyCMKCJieHHUfl nojiooeHifl. 
CbOHITB BOHpOCOM-B cPycCRifl BtAOHOCTH» ptSRO BUABHHyjIH 8Ty CTO- 

pony A*Ja, ho y nero octb eme h Apyraa CTOpona; naci, npeAcxa- 
BHTeiefi neqaTHaro cjioBa, coGpaTOBi r. rpEnrMyra no npoj^ecciH, 
6iH2Re RaoaBDn^aHCH. HeiB3fl CRaaaxB^ ^to6u h 8Ta cTopona ne 6faiJia 
saTpoHyxa b^ raseTHHX'B cTaTBAXi, BusBaHHUXi ynoMHHyTHiTB no- 
leMH^ecRHiTB anHBOAOH^, HO nHi RaseTCH, OHa He GBua on,tHeHa b:b 
AOcraToraolt M*pt. 

^opiiajTBHaro, K)pHAH?ecRaro npaaa npnatiBaTB Roro eiiy b3AT* 
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Ha aTO He evy npHHaAJcesanjiee npano, — ohi cairB cefia craBHT'B B'B 
ROMB^ecRoe noAosoHie ButoTo Toro rpoanaro, ROTopoe ohb sejiaen 
saHBTB: OHi* noTpefiyoTB npHCHrn, a eiiy nocHinrcH B'B riasa, h a^o 
CB ROH^OM'B. He HMterB owb TaRse npasa noABopraTB sanoAOsptn* 
HHXi HMx wb ^eiTB j[h6o npeAocyAHTOJiBHOH'B HoiHi^eftoRoiiy Hf^aopym 



jmrBPATypA h sh8hb. 8T 

«HCK7, — A^fl aroro oymecTByxnrb oco6ii6 cneipaiBmie opnum rooy- 
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Topuft, uHMOxoAaiTb csaBaTB, Tenepb cKaTeropflerB yen oHoreiiy* bi 
raaeT* r. rpHHrHyra: qui se ressemblent— s'assemblent), a uomerb 
6irtb npoAocTaBJiD oMy BoniflTB bi nycnisi hjie osasy, KaR:& «Pyc- 
cRia BiAOMOCTH»; €Ha Tasie rjiyaue Bonpoou a He oTBt^aD*. Ho 
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Hse opraHU neqaTH BUCKasaJiBOB, ho nHRaHTHuft Bonpoci o npaBi 
T. rpHHrMyra npvBOAHTB r'b npHcarb RaRB to saoiOHHJTB 00601) 
apaBCTBeHHHft BJieueHTB noABHroB^ hobofo peAaRTopa mocrobcroS 
raaerii r noM'binaji'B o6paTHTB aoishoo BHHMaRie na hIrotophh hoa- 

PO6HOCTH ETb. 

Bb Ji 363 cMooROBCRHX'B BiAOMOorefty (13 a^k.) nane^aTaHa 
«raTBfl <KpaoHoptqHBoe MOiqaHie», noAHHoaHHafl «8cRatfHJ[B0». 3to 
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qeHiD €RpacHopi?HBaro M0ji9aHifl>, r. dcRaMHiBO HsoiiAOBarB Tep- 
MBHU cAOHOCBB, <EHOHHyaitifl>, cHORRSbHie mioiofti. Ob% npsniejrB 

R'B TOKy SaRJID^eHiDy HTO TepMHHfil BTH ynoTpefijuDTCH <JIH6epaJiaHH> 

HeHpaBHAHo, a HBceHHo AXH saiiaoRHpoBaHiH jb[h6o cBoero fiesoHiifl, J11160 
npecrynHux'B n^bjiei, a rh (JiaropoAHiftmie noorynRH, ROTopse €jiH6e- 

pai£I» RiefiMflTB 8THHH HaBBaHUIHH, OTHDAB MTh He SaCiySIBaiOTB. 

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88 P7CCK0B BOrATCTBO. 

6ut, TonepB noxoABii be BHsrb maKaia, HiTro nessxy lura^eirB ■ 

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A Be TO, Koseuo, xo^y cKasaTs, ^to r. dcsaMBJi&o laBi ase orpa- 
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H norpycTBTb o6i> yBBseHiB ^cAOCTOHBOTBa e 8Ha?eBifl> ue^aTHaro 
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H r. dcKaMEJiBo BnojuHi fieasaerlEWBO paaoBasuBaerb, Bb ^omb^ 
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6u HeqaTBTB o6^ dtexb TopseoTBaxi. BcaKifl ^ExaTejiB rasexfii wM^rh 



IHTBPATyPA H SH3HB. 89 

6u npaBO npeAoojiosBTB, ^xo xasoe nojnaHie npedHOMnpeHHoe^ noioiiy 
^TO neecmecmeeHHoe. Ecmecmsmno roBopiTb o npoHCXoj^n^HrB Top- 
secTBan, a ho saiiaJiqHBaTB hxi*. Ilo^eiiy xe koj^ftl raaera? Ha 
8T0 HaicTi MoseTB ABTb OTBiTB ofl 060(66 HanpaBiesie. EcjKfl oea — 
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HCUK>q6Hieirb pyooRaro), to 6681» Majilflm6A HaTflssH h bu, h a, h 
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%6 86, OAHaKO, A'^aTb ci jiioabmh, MOJiqaflieirii BupasaDnmHH cbo6 
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MOAHamh>. (H^Hxapyio ao nepOBOAy r. MoAooroaa: cCo^BHOBifl Kopae- 
jufl Tai(BTa» I, 4). TaRHiii» odpasoiTB, Ha ?xo ysi 6uj[h seoxoRia spe- 
MOHa, a ea «BiacTB i[0JEqaTB» hh y RaRoro xorAamHflro dcRaiCBiBO 
BcexBRH He noAHBMajiacB pyRa. HpH KiaBAit oiaBBJioa wb RaqecxBt 
€o6BHHHxeifl», RaR'B TOFAa BasuBaiH SToro pOAa JooAeft, niRxo CyHJuift. 
MesAy npoqHHX, oh'b o6BHHflj[% oAHoro pHMORaro.; BcaAHHRaBi xoitb, 

qro XOTB BHAbJTB HOfijUirOHaMipeHHUH COHl, €HMeHH0, qXO OWh BHAtX'B 
KiaBAlH B'B BiHKt HSli ROIOCBeBB, HpHqeiTB ROJIOCBfl 6lUH nepOBOp- 

HyxH BBEdTb, H Sydmo Sm am %oeopuA^y qxo Bxo OHOBBAtHio obeb- 
qaoTB AoporoBBsny xjrfe6a» (Tai^Bxii, ^JUtohhob*, rh. XI, vjl. IT). 
BcexaRH — c6yAT0 6u ohi to^optu^y... 

He 6yAy 6oj[Bine j^HxapofiaxB TaQExa, a toji^ro nocoBixyi) rr. 

rpHHTMyxy H dORaMBJIBO OCBiXHXB B% CBOOft OaMflXH XB0p6HiH BeiE- 

Raro HcxopHRa, Roxoparo h ohh, roho^ho, flpH3Hai)xi» BOJiHRHirB. Sto- 
jiaa A&se npeBsofixH onHcaHHHH m*h KpaqHiimiH BpeMena Bceiiip- 
Hoi BcxopiE, OHH A^aioxB xaRofi se npouaxi, rbri h npHBUBaa 

MHMOXOAHDIBX'B RO BXOpflqHOft HpHCHri: HO B'B BXl BiaCTH OXHflXB y ROrO 

HH6yAB «B4aoxB MOj[qaxB». Ho AonycxHirB, qxo hx'b Hejiinua buxoarh 
Moryxii oxpaBHXBCH Ha iiojiqaniHxi npaRXH^ecRHMH nocjr&AcxBiflMH. 
KaROBu se bxh nocjrbAcxBiH 6jjijTb7 DpeAcxaBHHi oe6i, qxo, Ha« 



90 PyCCBOB BOrATOIBO. 

nproAyb, HHcaTeiTH X h Z Mojc^an o ^pano-pyocKHrb ffftiarb h 
OTHomeHiarB, hjih o KaROirB 6ii to hh 6uio qpyroirb npe^Mert; h 
MOjiqarB, HMeHHo, noTOMy, ?to nxi* HH'bHifl Ha btotb cneTB, eeiH 6h 
OHH 6ujni BNCKasaHH, 6ujiE 6ii npRSHaHii spexHUMH. ?ero xe xy^nre 
<rb canoft apxn-oxpaHHTejRiHoi touh sptHia: BpeAHtza axeE Hopae- 
npocTpasflUTCfl. Ho botb iiBjifleTCfl r. doKaicBXbO, tjifeerL bi Ayniy» Vb 
X E Z H BUBOJiaRHBaerB orryAa Ha ftbiufi ob^tb apeAHyK) ra6I). Mosho 
6u 61120 He 6e8T> yoirbxa AOKasHBaTb, hto 8to nooTyDOR'B cho narpioTH- 
qeoKifii H «He fijiaroEaiitpeHHufi*. Ho uu 8thiii saHEMaTBca ho cta- 
HeifB, a npoAOJisBiTB cbok) rEnoTesy, hto <8aii3aHio whjs,jmj^ orpa- 
kaercfl sa X h Z, f BpacEopiqHBoe Mai[«Hi6» KOTopiix-b aojhkeo, no mo- 
ryntecTBeEHOMy cjiOBy r. dcsaiiiibo, npeKpaTHTBCfi. HpeAnoioxEirB xa- 
jile, ^To, npoKpaTEBX cBoe EOJiqaHie, X otrpoboeho BUCEasuBaerB 

OBOE BpOASBUI EAOfl,— HaOTOJIBSO BpeXHUE (H8l-8a nyOTflSOBl nOAHE- 

KaTB myiTB, KOHe'q[Ho, ho ctoetb), qTo HeMeAieHHO se ejie no npo- 
mecTBiE flSBioTHaro speiieHE aojisoei onarB sanoJiHaTB; Z ase, na- 
npoTEBi Toro, yoTpamesHuft, Ea^HHaerB npEREXUBaTBoa fiiaroHaiii- 

p6HHlIin» BO BRyot r. SCRaMEJIBO E, MOXeTB 6UTB, AftSB npSBOCXOAETB 

oro pBOHieiii... Bnpoqeiii, HiTB, bto ysn, nosaiyS, e jiHnrsee, a& 
OABa jiE E B081I0SS0, a nycTB Z npeRxoHfletoE nepe^'B BOSsp'i^HifliiE 
r. dcRaMEjBo E orapaeToi, bi ntpy cboexi osrB e onooofiHocTefi, 
OMy noApaxaTB: Bi cbod o^epe^B 3aji!b3aeTB Eoxy ciiAyorB wb xymy, 
BHBOJiaREBaeTB oTiyxa BpexHUE each e t. Am BmoTB AO noinaro 
ownieHifl Bcero nou pocoiicRofi oxoboohocte. KaRaa BaiEqeoTBeH- 
Has nepcnoRTEBa e RaR'B onoRoftEo AOJraReE'B ce6fl ^yBCTBOBaxB ope^R 
BToro iRoraro noia r. dcRaMEJiBo! Kor'b BEitooRO noAHEJrB owl «ao- 
CTOEECTBO E 8Eaqesie> ne^aTHaro cjiofia!.. Bet nxoBejiBi BUAepnyTii, 
H ocraiacB o^Ha nmoHEi^a... Ho... — octb, b^ab, ote KaxeHBEiE «ho>, 
onoco6HBifl EHorxa HcnopTETB cavyu BeiH^eoTBeHsys) neponeRTHBy e 
OTpasETB caMUE BOSBumoEHBifl paxocTE,— -HO hiji^h Z HE Cojibme, HH 
HOHBrne, RaRi jiaRen'B e XHi^eifip'B, jiRniB BHtniHHH^ ofipasoirB, cipaxa 
pa^H BCRaMEiBCRa, OTpeRmiflofl otbcbohx'b bpoahux'b Exefl. Ohi> hxi 
XepsETi, KaRii RaMOBB, sa nasyxofi e npn ojiy^ai mBBpnerB hme 
ooBciiTB HO Bi Ty cTOpoHy, Ry^a sejiaxejiBHo r. dcRBMEJiBo. EoxE se 
r. 3oRaEflj[Bo, ctoxb oiohH. ao sajfi^sasifl bi Ayniy, ho EHTepecyeTCE 
rhwb^ ^TO y ero copaTHHEOBi> HaxoAHTca sa nasyxofi; ecjiE ohi hcqo- 
BiAyon tiesoCpasnyx) HopaxB, BupasaeMyx) nocxoBBHiefi: «jiio6h — Ee 
xx)6e, a no^anie B8rjiEAUBafi>, to uu-to, nocTopoHnie, otieiho bh- 
AEiTB, ^0 8Ta MopaxB HO TOXBRO 6e3o6pa3Ha, a E 6xfl8opyRa. JKoEa, 
OTB ROTOpofi Tpe6yDTB, ^To6£i oHa TOXBRO cno^an^o B3rxflAUBaxa», a 

XX)6eTB orb EXH EO XK)6HrB, 8TO, AOCRBTB, BOe paBHO, — ^TBEafl aROHa 
HO AAOTB Hysy E HaGTOflmSX'B XaOR'B. TaRl E y Z EiTB E He MO- 

xeTB 6htb HacToan^Exi, otb cepAi^a Kb oepAi^y HAyniExi» cxobi axe 
Bupasesifl XHiieMipso BocnpEHflTux'B EWb EAeft. Ohb noxerB c'b 
AixaHHOK) BBrpasHTexBEOGTBH) RoxoTHTB ce6fl Bi rpyAB, pBBTB Ha ce6i 
OAoacAii, MeraiB oxoBecHHo rpoMH h moxeIe, ho Bce 8to- 6yAeTB ne 



IHTBPATyPA H SH8HB. 91 

vacTOA^ee h hh ROHirb odpasoirB He aocnocodcTByen noKieny cao- 
<m)flH6TBa H 8Ha?6HU[> jiHTepaTypu. Haoe sjioe cep^i^e Mosen, ko- 
HeqHO, pf^oBaTBOit, no RAea r. 3cKaMHiB0 nojajifipxuBBJOTca. 663CHjn»- 
HUUH JHHi^eictpauH, — H Aase Kosen 6uTb coBc:bn» He awiTB cepA- 
QOMi Ha^o AJUt TaKoro paAOBaaifl ofiJiaAaTB, — ho h roBopio Toibso o 
AOGTOHHCTBi H BHa^emH niepaTypu, HosaBHOEMo oTh efl HAefiHaro 
<x)AepsaHui, a JinniB bi CBasH crb npieMaiiH h npaBavH ea npeAora- 
BHiejieft. Ka£i> ECKpeHHee Biipaseaie HSBicTHurB imtHift, OAHHaKOBO 
AOCTOfina yBaseflifl h €OxpaH£TeiiHafl>, h cra6epa2[BHaa», h BCHRafl 
Apyraa .jmrepaTypa, — mosho b^ab h spara yBasarb. Ho iBi^eMlpie 
AH Bi RoiTB yBaaE6Hifl ho BHSiiBaerb, ero bi ROHii;t EOHi^oB'b neape- 
MisHo AOJisHK npesipaTB H Ti) soMy oHO xo^oTL yroAHTB, He roBopa 
yse TkTh, na ^e& oqen oho cboh onepai^iH npoHSBOABTB. 9to-to 
jsi> HH Bi EaROifB Gjnyqal ne nmeHHi^a, a HneHHO mefieiu, Hacas- 
j^aemie (b'b namefi ranoTesi) v-wb dcKaHHiBo h komh. — Ho sa to 
Apyrle HJieBeiH BiipBaHA, — HanoHHHaeTB r. dcKaiiHJiBo: X.to moi- 
^HTB. — ^a, ho b'Iab OHi H npes^o Hoi^an^, no KpafineS Mtpt no 
TOHy Bonpocy, soTopufi r. dcKaHHiBo npHHHn 0TnpaBH&iMi> iiyHSTOVB 
jtflo. Boero oBoero noxoAa. H eciH ohx lenepB saMojiK'B eoBoiirB, to 
xora 8T0 H ecTB a^jio pyKX r. 8cKaMHiB0, ho nocAiAHiS Tbwb camiH^ 
BUAaJTB caHOxy ce6i testimoniam paupertatis, cBHAiT6j[BCTB0 o a7' 
xoBHoii OiAHOCTH, 6e30HjaH0ii 6opoTBCfl ci JiHTepaTypHBUfB BparoM-b 
jiHTepaTypHUHH cpeACTBaHH. H eciH aia AfxoBHaa diAHOCTB babooitb 
•€B uuoMlpieu'B rapii;yK)Tt no HHOTOMy doid pocciflcRoA cioBecHOCTH, 
TO caoctohhctbo h 8HaqeHie> neqaTHaro cioaa... rAi ohh? 

Bee 8T0 qHCTaa rHaOieSa^ BB AtHCTBHTOJIBHOCTH Wb HOIHOITB CBOeMl 

06'BeM'l HeMucAHHafl: rx cqacriH), y r. doKaMHiBO pyRs ropotrh. Ho 
vh HiROTopux'B opranax'B ne^aTH HecoMHiHHO rocuoACTBjrerB TeHAOH- 
^iH Ri ooyniecTBJieEiD 8toS nnoTesu, BoilACTBie iero Ay^OBHafl cRy- 
AOCTB H iHi^ewbpie nrpanT^ AOCTaTb^no BHAHyn poiB bi» coBpeMen- 
Hofi JtHTopaxypt. H 8tb-to sajTRie HHntie n JiHi^eiitpu cirbiDTB roBO- 

PHTB AOCTOHBCTBt H 8Hai6HiH JLHTOpaiypH, OHH, RaSABIin» CB0HM1> 

maroMii yHHsaK)n^e jiHTepaTypyl He MHt saitTB 061 toitb, hto rr. 

rpHHTMyTU H ^CRaMHJIBO ROHnpOHeTHpyDTB COfia H CBOIO naprlD BU- 

xoARaMH vb poAi TpedoBaniH BTopn^Hofi npHcarn hjih onpaBAaaifl 
«3ajil3aHifi Wb Ayniy». Ecjih 6u jaijio tojibko 06% hhxi nuo, to nycTB 
<i[i ce6b rpoMOSAHin OAHy ropy rxynocTeft h fiesTaRTHOCTefi na Apy- 
ryD. Ho B-B cBoex'B 6e3yKHOirB CTpemeHiH ne miTBeiii, TaRi Rara- 
HBeiTB nory6HTB cbohxi npoTHBHEiKOBi), yrouHTB HXi* RaRHMH 6ei TO 
HH 6hjio cpeACTBaHH, OHH, caMH Toro He noHHuaa, TooflTi ne tojibro 
«e6fl, a H BCK) JKHTopaTypy. Buio HpeMH, ROFAa HMtja OMuon na- 
^MlmRa HaA^ TiicH, ROMy <neuTHufi RaacAu^ jihctb Gbitb RaseTca 
cBflT£iii'B>. BpoHfl 8T0 npoHiJiOy TonepB ysi> OABa jra ecTB naHBHue 
WAHf 0% 6j[arorOB'bHieu'B BSHpaDn^ie he RasAsiA neqaTHufi jmcrb h 
Ha RasAaro nHcaTera. H xopomo, roho^ho, ^to sto Bpexfl nponuio, 
iioTOMy ^To OHO cBHAiTeiBOTBOBaio, CB OAHofl CTopoHii, sapoAUHie- 



92 P7GGK0B BOrATGTBO. 

BOiTB cooTOflHiH ofin^ecTBeHHaro cosHanifly a cb apJi^' — o noiiHoft 

OTOpBaHHOCTH JIHTepaTJpU 0TB SH3HH. IIO Mipi TOFO, KaRl JTHT^pa- 

Tjpa o6jiHsajiaoB ci» sesbbd, ooyoiuuiCB cb xoJiOAHurB BepniflrB oi- 
BieqoHHooTH Bi Mipi SHToficKEX'B paAOCTOft H neqaiofi vb exi oca- 
daieiBHoi npaKTR^ecKoft $opirb, ecTeoTseHHO AOJacHii 6ujih aBJurrBca 
jnoAH 6jiaroAapHize ei h o6flseHHHe en, ApysBfl h sparH. HacTynHAo 
Bpemi ropa3;^o 6ojiiie Tpy^Hoe, hotohj ^o ropasAO 6oite OTBiTCTBeH- 
Hoe; HO sasi 6u hh 6sj[o oho rpjjsjio, saK'B 6ei he 6e3B03BpaTflO 
Aaiena ott> nacB 6uia nepBosa^ajiBHafl Hjpjrjdii, a JiHTepaTypa bs 
i^'^jroM'B, RaRB mepaTypa, RaRB rojiocrs o6meoTBeHHaro cosHaHUi no- 
BoiMH ero orriHRaHE, mosotb nojEBaoBaTBoa o6iii;biii ysaseHieiirB; 
HOseTB E AOJBQKEa BTOFO ;B;o6RTBOfl, EEa^o B'B RopoHB noAP^SftHii ca- 
Muft ouuojn> ea cyn^eoTBOBaHia. jSi^iJio ho b:b tokb, ^to r. FpHHrifyrB- 
HIE r. dcRaiiEiBo — ROHcepBaiopH, a wb toitb, uto ohe npB6traK)TB 

Rl Hejl[00T0fiHHI|l XETepaTypU npiOHaiTB E ABESyTOH HeAOCToSflUME 

iBTepaTypu MOXEBaHE. He oi ROHoepBaTEBHoA.Hfl CB RaRoS Apy- 
rofi noAHTHTOORofl TO^RE spiHifl «3ajii3aHie vb Ayiny MOA^aniara 
^ejiOBiRa H6 HysHO e ho bojiosho. HysHO oho bthitb rocaoAaMB^ 
Tro6u saoiysBTB oAo6peHie csoeft naTpiOTB^ecROfi A^teiiBHocTE, otb* 
ROTopot se ycR0J[B3aeTB Aase h6 pacnpocTpaHflOMafl, se BBipasen- 
Hafl BpeAEafl baoe; oho noiesHO ami, RaRi^ OTpaBJueHHoe opysie bi*- 
6opB6i CB ROHRypEpynniBME opranaHH ne^aTH. A 8to, RoneiHO, ho- 
tebh Maio no^reHHue, npaMo HeAOCTofiHue iHrepaTypu, RaRi Bup»- 
soHifl o6n(eoTBeEHaro cosHaHia (bb ero ROBcepBaTHBHOEi, RaRii w 

BOflROHl APyi'OMl OrriHRt). nOBEABMOHy, BUXOAKE <M0CS0BCRRX^ 

BtAOMOOTefi* HH^Boro OAofipesiH Ee sacjiyzHJiE e oTpaBJOHHoe opy- 
Hie oRasajiOGB ne cMepTOHocEUMB, ho (jfBRTb ysBseHiH jmTepaTypu 
ocraercH. A BiAi> buxoare 8te— toibro rpyCtfimiH Bapiai3[ifl na Tenii^ 

AaBHO E VaCTO BRCHJIOaTHpyeMUfl. MU laR'B Rl 8T0My npEBURIH^ 

^0 As^e He 3aMi^aeM'B ao RaROft CTeneHH nama ofiE^ecTBeHHafl aiMO- 
c^pa sapasena neiinoD noA03pETeJiBHOCTBio e 6e8CMiicjreHH£iHB 

OOBEEeHUUIH. 

B03BMeHl>, HanpHHtpB, TBROfi BHEBOAB, — OAHHl HBl COTeHIi, HO- 

xerB 6uTB, THoaqi. Bb M 146 (14 A6R. 1896 r.) raseTu «BflTCRift 
Kpafi» HaneiaTaHi oTqerB o 8aciAaHifl^i> BHTCRaro ry6epsoRaro oo- 
(Jpasifl 11 — 13 A0Ka6pH. CjymajiCH, HesAy npoiEUB, AOR^aA'B o a^- 
meBUJit cejiBCRHXi> 6H6jnoTeqRaxB, ycTpoeHHUX'B no hucjeh noROft- 
Haro, TaR'B 6e3BpeHeHHO norH6inaro BaTyena. ^oRiaAi BU3BarB €npo* 
AoiSETOJiBHiifl E sapRiH iipeHlfl». HtRTo T. ^OHOAaHOB'B npo^HTan 
sanECRy, vb Roxopoit nesAy npoHBHi roBopsTB, cqro ohi HH^ero ne 
HHieTB npoTHB'B cEHHaTE^nsaro h noie3Haro y^pesASHifl AomoBux'K 
oexBCRHXi 6H6j[i0TeRi, npeAopEHHraro rydepscROS) ynpaBOD no hhh- 
^iaTEB'b He8a6BeHflaro npocBiTHTeJUfl ceiBCRaro naceJieHifl BHTORara 
Rpaa A. n. BaTyeBa>; ho ^to npn toht» ohb HeAoyHteaeTB, oTRyAa 
€Bi^ o6pan;eHiH y napoAa BOiptiaDTCfl RHsrE, ROTopsa EeoAo6peHU 
HiH He HoryxB 6utb OAo6peH£i a^ vreHui wb sapoAi, Rbri nanp. 



JOTEPATTPA S SE8H&. 93 

^0 noni b pafioxHiiKi ero Bai^i* nymKiraa, <X08aHHx h patfor- 
fiHn», «CBiqKa>, «TpH 0Tapi)(a» h TOiiy uo]s,o6eiib TeHAeH^io3HUfl 
ii3AaHUi rpa$a TojiOToro, <PycaiRa» ZlymEHHa, bi ROTopoA peKOMeH- 
^yexcA pasBpaTB sa jsfiBhTE, ^Tjii adCobl — lairbxEorB*, sanpeiueH- 
flaa ^yxoBHHM'bHaqaJiBCTBOirb*. Ilojiarafl, ^ro seiioTBO He tfyAOTB pac- 

iipOCTpaHflTB RHHrB, nOApUBaun^HX'b OCHOBU, Ha ROTOpUX'B SHSAeTCIE 

HpaecTBeHHufi crpoft Hamero npaBocjiaBHaro napoAa, no HHtHii) r. l!e- 
MOAaHOBa ecrecTBeHHO AonycTHTB, ^o <KHErH dra iioa'b npHspuiieirb 
seifCTBa npoHHRaDTL vb Hapoi^, Moserb 6iitb, no BHymeHiD hsi II>o- 
pHxa H iSeHeBU h Tony noAodHMxi npocBirHTeiBHUx'B nempovb 
43% i^aix) pacnpocTpaHHTB bi HapoAi^ HexosBoieHHSH haoh h iiwb 
'«6 ooA'bficTBOBaTB, a DpoTHBOAtftoTBOBaTb fijiarEiTB sejiaHUUCB seii- 
cTBa>. Jl,ajite r. HeicoAaHOBB npH6aBifleTB, ^o cjfbiaHHoe HirbsaHB- 
jieaie BUieRaerB ho hs'b sejiaHiH orpaHH^HTs pojb seiiCTBa bi x^jA 
Hapo;(Haro npooBtn^OHifl, a eAHHCTB6HH0 h31 sejiama orpaj^iB Ha< 
poji'b OTb HeseiaTBJibHHX'B BJiiflHiS H BiiTCRoe BOMCTBO 0Tb HapoRaHifi. 

r. AjiameeB^ ofiiiflCHHJrB r. ^enoAanoBy, hto na ooHOBaEiH aa- 
ROHa 15 MBfl 1890 ro^a 6H6iioTeRH 8th noAUHeHii MHSHcrepcTBy 

BHyTpeHHHX^ A^'B Bt^ COCXaBJIfllOTOfl HO OC06o HdAaHHHirB MHHHCTep- 

^SRHM'B EaTaioraiTB, vb ROTopux'B, paayMiercfl, He MoryrB naxoAHTBoa 
XHHrH, noqeiiy jthCo HeseiaTeiLHHH ji^ia o6pameiiifl bi HapoA^^ ^o 
flOMHHO Toro, no' npHHaTOMy o6£iRHOBeHiK), RaasAaa RHira, BXOAfln^afl 
vb oooTaBT» 6H6jnoTeRH, 0A06pfleTGfl en^e oco6o r. ryfiepnaTopoK'B h 
AopeRi^ieft HapoAHUXi y^HJiBmi*; npHTOicB 3aBiAyH)aiie 6H6jdoTeRaHH 
yTBepsA&^TCA T&iTB se ryGepHaTopoiTb no npeABapHreiBHoini oao6- 

peniH BTb lltCTHUHH OBfln^eHHHRaMH, SeMCRHMH HaqaiBHHRaMH H AH- 

peRI^eft HapoAHHXi y^Bjinn^'B. ^axBme r. AiameeBib saHBHjrL, uro 
«0HHHeHifl nyniREHa oAotipeHU fie toibro j^a HapoAHUxi fiH&nioxeR'Bi 

HO B A^fl mROJIBHUXl, H VTO SA^OB HO MOSeTL 6UTB H BOnpOCa HO 

oyn^ecTBy. T. niflueroACRift npoqHTajrb ctbtbh ycraBa 6E6jdoTeR'B, 
KOTopiiiiH Touo onpeAtinercfl, RaRB nopsAORi y^pesA^Hifl h cocxaB- 
jienifl HXB, TaRB h nopaAORB ns^sopa, ROiopni Bcei'Aa co6ju)a^ch 

^eHCTBOM'B fl He MOrB He 006lK)AaTBCfl. 

npeHifl npoAOisaJiBCB, h bb rohi^ hxb co6paHie aocHTHOBaio na 
noAAGpsaaie bb 1897 r. 6H6jii0TeRB 3000 p. Hi^o saiilTHTB, ^o 
BB BBTCROft ry6., 6iaroAapfl HHHi^iaTEBi BaxyeBa cymecTByerB 2573 
6H6;ii0TeRH bb cejEBCRHXB o6n;ecTBaxB, 51 npn 6oiBHH]],axB h 23 npn 
apecTHUXB noMin^euiJiXB, laRB ^to na noAA^pauiHie rbsaoS bsb hhxb 
BB 1897 r. npHXOABTCfl py6j[B cb RoniifiRaMH. Oah&ko, btotb py6xB 
OB RonlfiEaMH npomeJiT^ fiojiBniBHCTBOMB Bcero ipexB fojiocobb (16 — 
npoTBBB py&ifl, 19 — aa nero). Ho o^eHB BipoHTHo, ?to bb ^uoii 16 
OTpBQ;aTej[BHB[XB roJioooBB 6hULK H xaRifl, ROTopne He npoiHBi py6j[fl 
GB RontfiRaHH BOSctaBajiH, a noBipHU r. HeMOAanoBy, ?to nyniRHH- 
cRifl cRa3EH HJKH OFO SO <PycaiRa>, €BB ROTopoft peROMOHAyeTca pas- 
BpaiB sa A6HBrH», npoHHRaiOTB BB HapOAB €no BHymeniD hsb Ujo- 
j>Hxa H SLeneBu h Tony hoaoOhuxb npooBtiHTeiBHBrxB i^eHTpoBB». 



94 PyOCXOB BOFATOXBO. 

Ha^o se STaKoe BUffyvaTBl KasaiooB 6ur,60jra r. ^euojsfiittowb jifix^ 
noHHTifl He BH^erB o <Pycajicb» nymsHHa, laKi eny, EaKi seHCKoiif 
AiaTOJiD, HHiepecyttii^eiijofl coibckhmh dHfiiioTesaMH, aosxeu 6htb^ 
HBBtcTHU, no spataeft Mlpi, rt ^eaBBiqaSHUfl rapasriE 6j[aroHa- 
irbpeHHOCTB, sotophkh 8th 6H6jiiOTeKH y nacB o6cTaBJ[eHu. Ho hh 
^npoRi^ifl HapoAHHXx y^HJiHiirb, hb seiccKie Ha^ajiBHHKH h OBBiiieH- 
HBKB, HH ry6epHaT0pi, he MBHHCTepcRie EBTOjiorH HO BacjroHflKnrB. 
Q^npBxa H SKeHeBii otb npoHHj^aTejiBHaro Bdopa r. HenoAaHOBa! H^ 
noflCTHBi, iiosHo vb ysacb npEjiTw, kbk'b noAyMaeinB, croxlkhh'b. 
eieMeHTapHMinHMi fijiarairb HauBaBiflM'B BCTaBJUiH)rB najiKH bi» ko- 
Jieca noAo6Hue npoHHi(aTejn»Hue jidah, bi HeBHHHocTH CBoefl yvb- 
poHEBe, qio nymsBFL cpeKOMeHAyen passparB aa AeHLrM>, vro riwh^ 
SRO o8a6oieHu II^DpHX'B ki HeHOBa h np. 

Ho BoPB cb BHiTb, 01 r. ?e]f OAaHOBUHi. CyAfl no BtunenpHBeAeEHOMy, 
oHi ^eJiOBto'B Heo6pa80BaHHuft, MoaerB 6iiTB, HHKorAa Hsqero, Rpoirb. 

«M0CB0BCKHX'B BtAOMOCTefl » , BO ^HTaJTB, TBEl ^0, BAOXHOBHBniHCB 
HXli npHM^pOlfB, BHOCeTB B'B OAHHl npeRpaCHUft A6BB Vb BflTCRO& 

seiioRoe co6paHie npooRTB BTOpH^Hoft' npBcarH hxh AosHaBia «o6*b 
^ewb MOJi^arBi TaRie to h laRie rjracHHe. Ho eciH quod licet Jovi, 
non licet boyi, to e Hao6opoTT>: quod licet bovi, non licet Jovi. Hto 
npocTBTejnHo r. HeMOAanoBy, to HeapocTHTeji[BHo JiBTepaTyp'^. H 
ofimecTBeHHoe MHiHie efl ho npoo^aeT^. YBaseHie ri neft HecoMHtHHO- 
naAaoTB, ^to cainiH'b ropBEBMi h yHnsHTeJiBHtiirB ofipasoiTB otsh- 
BaercH na ea cyABfiax'B... 

fl roBopi) He TOiBRO npioHax^ cMoorobcrhxx BiAOuocrefi*. 
nepecMorpBTe Bce BiimeHSJioseHHoe. dra noxBaJTB^a r. BaTajiHHa cbood 
«HHoroji'bTHeK) B3BicTH0CTB]D>, BTB qyAOBEH^HaH poRJiaMa r. FafiAefiy- 
poBa B ero se id6e fixe — ne ciHmROMx jih mhofo raaerb paspimeso? 
dTs «MipOBHe OTroj[ocRE», sa^iifB TO TaR'B noxosie h tbri neuo- 
xosie Ha ^cFoiocb), bto mephoo cosetojibctbo vb oahoS h Toft se 
peA^^Rn^iE rr. A^AiOBa h Bi. GojioBBeBa, rr. AfipanoBa h CupoHBT- 
HEROBa, — pasBi bcc dTO MosoTB B036ysAaTB yBaseme Ki pyccROHy 
neqaTEOMy cioBy? A, b^ab, mu sarjEHHy^in toj[bro B'B o6iiHBJieHifl h 
nepBBte HOMopa hoehxi vhd&rb h xheib «Mocrobcrehi B'6aohocthm'i>> 

yA^JIBJIE HtCROJlBRO 60JB[Bnie BHEHaHiH. 3arJ[[flHHTe, HaUpHMip^, VbNt3> 

«PycE», Txb HanenaTaHa nHRaHTHafl cTBTeftRa r. ^iAJtOBa cJLxOepaJiB- 
Hafl ne?aTB»... 



HaAO HaAiflTBCH, ^TO TOIBRO ^TO B03HBRmi&. <C0K)3'B BsaHMono- 

Mon^B pyccRflX'B nBcaTejiefi> nocuoooticTByerL ynopHAO^eHiK) Hamnx'B 
jiHTepaiypHurB npaBOBi h noAi>eHy ysaseHla rb ne^aiHOMy cuoBy. 
9to nepBuft wb cBoem po^t onuTii, e «6paTbfl nEGaTej[H» aoisbu 
oTEecTECB Kb HOMy CB BejuEqafimeio cepBesHOCTLD, otiosebb bb oto- 
pony Bci JiflqEtie e napTiSflue cqeTu e nanHTyfl oaho: aoctoehctbo 
H BHaieBie jiHTepaTypBi. Bujlo 6ii HeiinocTBD MO^TaTB o npHHi^- 



JIHTBPAT7PA S »H8H^ 9& 

siaiBHOirB o(hieAHHeHiH npeAcraBHTejieft neqaTH no pasHoofipasHHirB 
TeopeTHqeoRHMi h npaKTH^eoRgiTB Boapocam, noAiesaniniTB Bi;^Hii> 
jiHTopaTypu, a bi npsHi^Hirfc, ecin He Ha ji!bi% — hto ne uoAiesHTb. 
en BlA'&Hiio? He tojilbro TaRoe o6i>eAHHeHie neBosMOSHO, ho oahoi^ 
H3i> sa^ai'L coDsa aojisho Cutb, ho apattHei Mtpi, crpemeHie o6e3- 
ne^HTB RasAOMj MHtHii) 6e8ap6nflTCTB6HH06 BOMomeHie Br> cjiob^. H 
Ha 0TO& T0| BctM'B o6Hieft, npo^^ecoioHaiBHott no«iBt o6T>ej!(HHeHie h 
seiaTejiKHo, h boshoxho. 

Jifl cHxi nopi Hama jiETepaxypa npeAoiaBifljia co6ok) HiROTopyx> 
cpaacsnaHHjK) zpaHBHy», vb pasHuxii yraaxi ROTopoS Hono coBep- 
maTBCdi MHoroe HesejiaTejUkHoe, oT^acTs GiaroAapH, HMeHHO, rtl 

aaMRHyTOCTH H OTpOSHeHHOOTH. jS^OirOe BpeilA 6ABH0TBeHHUin» CROAB- 
RO HB6yAI> OfiieAHHUDIUHHl IHTepaTypgUMX I^eHTpOlTB CUJTb TaR^B 

HaauBaeiiufi ciHrepaTypHBiS 4^ohai>, HMtioiiiifl^ o^HaRO, coBep- 
jneHHo cnei^aibHUff saAa^H. Eme 6ojiie caei^iajtbHUH i^Ijih npecii- 
jLjerb o6pa30BaBniaflca snocJitACTBiB npii JiHTepaTypHoirb 4>0HA'fc, ho 
coBepmeHHo orB nero HesaBHCHMafl, «neHoioHHafl Raoca>. C'b 1886 r. 
cymecTByeTi bi neTep6ypr6 apyccRoe jiHTepaTypHoe o6H(ecTBo>, ho 
H oho HMioTx npeHMym^eoTBeHHo cneipajiBHiiH sa^a^H — acTeTHHecRiH. 
SaHBTifl o6mecTBa coctoht'b rjiaBHUM'B oGpasoirB vb tomx, ^to bi ero 
co6paHiHXx GjiyinaioTCfl h o6cy»AftH)TCfl xyAoseoTBeHHHa has iirre- 
paiypHO-RpBTaqecRia npoHSBeAeniH ero qjneaoBi. Hsi* OTieroBi ofin^e- 
CTsa bb;^ho, HanpHulp'B, ^to r. AaeHapiycrB ^HTajTB pascRasi «na 
RHymeHiK)>, r. ABepRieBi> — OTA^JiBHua rxmu hsii poMaaa cXy^os* 
HHRi> BesnaiOB'B h HorapiycB noiiJiemHROB^>, r. AHApoeBORifi — cth- 
xoTBopeeifl h t. h. Ho cHJia Beo^eH pasopsaia aron TteHuft apyrB 
j^-feaTejiBHOCTH cPyccRaro jiHrepaTypHaro o6mecTBa», TaRi^B-B 1893 v. 
rpyona necaTOjiefl o6paTHjiacB vb ofimecrao cb npocB6oft B086yABTb 
Bonpoci iHTeparypHoft oo6oTBeHHocTH, h o6meoTBo npHHHJio na 
ce6a BTy sa^a^y. B'b npouuioii^ rojiy Apyraa rpynaa nacaTejieft, xo- 
BOJBBHo cJny^afiHaro cooraBa, ^HCJieHHOCTBiD oroio 60 ^ejnoBtR'B, o6pa- 
THJiacB Vh ofin^ecTBO (tb npocBSott cojrbflcTBOBaTB o6xeABHeHiK> a^h- 
TOJieft neqaTHaro ojiOBa« Ha noiBt hxi* otimnxi npo$eccioHajrBHUX!B 
HHTepecoBi. 06n^ecTB0 Tivi ox 6ojiBinHirB BHHMaHieM'B OTHecjiAcB ja> 

BTOH npOCB&l, TTO Vb HCITB CaMOMX ySO SapOSA&'ftCb HHC^IB He- 

ofixoAnMocTH pacaiHpHTB RpyrB cBoefi A'^TeiBHOCTH. nepBOHa^aJBHue 
60 yqpeAHT6Jiefl BH6paj[H ROMEGcix) bsx 6 qejiOB'ibRB (K. K. ApceHBOBi, 
n. A- Bo6opiiiRKHi, H. n. KapioBX, H. K. MHxafijiOBCRiS, JI. £. 
06oj[eHCRitt, B. ^. CnacoBH^x), Roropaa, no corjiameHilo ci «Pyc- 
CRBMi> jiHTepaTypHUMX o6ii^ecTBOirB», BupaCoxasa upooRTi yciaaa 
«CoH}8a B3aHMonotfon^H pyccRHX'h nBGaTeJiefi», huhI yraepsAeHHufi, 
(TB cjiiAynniflHH HSMlHeaiflMH h AonojfleHiflMH, ne saTporHBaDmaiai 
cyn^ecTBa npooRTa: 

IlyHRTB J § 2 HpoeRTa npeAocxaBiaei'B Consy <BsnycRaTB b^ 
CB^TB ne^aTHBUL BSAaHifl e c6ophhrh». Bi yciaBl rtb axoMy npHfii^ 



96 P7CCE0R BOrATGTBO. 

BioHo: €5 TaKse HS^aBaTB nepioAH^ecRift opraHis cb co6jiDJD(eHieii'B 
A'bficTByDn^x'b i^eBsypsuxB npaBHj[['i>». 

njEKTB U TOrO S6 § npoeKTa." cHM^TB CBOB) 6B6liOTeK7 H ^B- 

TajrBBX)». Bi> ycraBi npHSaBJeso: «orB coGiDAeaieM'B npaBBjrB, yoia- 
HOBJieBBBix'B fi,j[A ny6ifl?Biix'B 6fl6ji[ioTeK:L». 

Ko BceMy OTfljhrf o ^n^tifixiCoioBat npfl6aBJ[eflii cjrbAynii^fl bbtb 
npsifb^aHifl: «i) Ilpn ycTpoficiBi jiBTepaTypBUX'B iTeflit, xotb 6h 
BaneqaTaBHux'B otb A08B0Jieflifl iieBsypii npoHSBeAeflifl, AoiasHo 6utb 
KasAHfi pasi ncupaniBBaeiio pa3piineHie c.-n6T6p6yprcKaro rpaAOBa- 
^aJiBBBKa. 2) ^jui npeACTaBHT6Ji[fl noiBi^iH HasaaqaeTCfl oooTBiTciBy- 
Dii^ee hIoto Ha KasAiift Be^epi hjlh ROHii;eprB. 8) MysuKajiBHiie Be- 
Hepa, eciH ohh orpaHH^HBaioTca HcnojiHeHieHTi MyauKajibHLix'B HBeei, 
HSAaHHHX'B 01 HaAxeasamaro paspimeHia, Moryrb 6ifrB ycTpaRBaemi 
6681 npeABapHiejibHaro pasptmeBia, ho ecjiH npeAaojuaraercfl iiysu- 
KajBBoe HcnojiHeHie npoH3BeAeHifi, ho HSAaHHux'B b'b nenaTH, to Ta« 
soBBifl AOisHH 6uTB DpoACTaBJiaeuii npeABapBTOjnbHo Ha paacMOTpt- 
Hie u'bcTHaro i^eHsypBaro y^pesA^i^ bjih bjibcth, ohob aaM'bBxinniefi. 
4) HeaaBHCHUo otb BHineBSJioseHHaro KouHTerb CoDsa yB'^AOMJuaerB 
OBoeBpeMOHHO uicTHoe nojiHueficBoe Ha^ajBCTBo o Bcixii ycTpaBsae- 
Mux^ cofipaniAXi h Boo6iii;e co6jiH>AaeTi» ofimeHSBicTBUH h o6u^h£ui 
no coMy npeAMOTy npaBBJia. 5) IIpH ycTpoflcTBt niaTHuxii sp'bsHHCB 
H yaecejieHiS BOMHrerb Coiosa Aoxseai pyBOBOACTBOBaTBca npaBBJiauH 
ofiopi CB iiy6j[HqHUX'B sp'bxHm'B B yBeceJuoHitt b^ nojibsy b^aom- 
fTBa y^ipesAOHift HiiuepaTpHAH Mapint. 

§ 6 AonojifleH'B npeiftqaHieux: <KoMHTeTB Gonsa pGflsaH'B 8a6jia- 
roBpeiieHHO aoboahtb ao cBtA'i^HiH c.-neTep6yprcKaro rpaAoaa^ajibHHRa 
AHi, Hacft, Kiorb h opeAMeTaxi saKBTift Bcix'B co6paHie[ u6hobi» 
Cei03a>. 

§ 10 npoeKTa rjiacHTb: €06ii1Shob6hhuh co6paHifl pasoMarpEBa- 
DTB TeRymiH A^a Consa, BuojiyniHBattTB pe4|)epaTu h aokibau, Ka- 
oannnieofl npo(|>eccioHajibHHxi. HHTepecoB'b, saaBJieBiH hjiobobi Coiosa 
H asajioSu na xoMHreTb h o6cysAaH)TB hxi>. HooitAHifl ciobb poabk- 
THpoBBBH B'b ycTBB'b ciiAyuniflM'b pacnpocTpaHeHHUM'b o6pa30M'B: 
€H Boofin^e o6cyHAAB)Tb iBmb TaEie npeAHeTu, KOTopue OTBocBTCfl 
HonocpeACTBeHHo B'B onpoAtxeBHofi ycTaBOMi> A'bflTeibBocTH CoiDsa h 
o ROTopbixi AOBeAOBo AO CBiA^Bia c.-neTep6yprcKaro rpaAoaa^aJib- 

HHKa>. 

§ 42 (h noGiiAHift) npooBTa AonojiBOBX wb ycraBi cjiOBaHB: <H6« 
saBHCHMO OTB npoAOOTaBJieBHaro c.-neTep6yprcR0My rpaAOHaqajibBHRy 
(cT. 321 H 863 O611;. ry6. Y^p.) npaBa saKpHBatb o6mecTBeBHBia 
co6paBia npa o6BapyseBm B'b hhxi qero-j[B6o npoTBBHaro rocyAap- 

CTBOHBOMy nopaASy H oCmeCTBeHBOS 6e80naCH0CTH H BpaBCTBOBBO- 

CTB, rpaAOBaqajubBBRi Moserb aaRpuTb CoH)3'b BcerAa, rofab nps- 
BBaerb 8to HysBHMx no AomeAniBM'b ao Hero csiA'^HiaM'B Gesao- 
paAK*]^ Bj[H HapymeBiaxii ycTaea*. 

Cons'b oocTOHrb «npH PyccBoirb JiHTepaTypHou'b o6ni;eoTBt>, ho 



XHTBPATFPA H XH8HB. 97 

«9& ciy^Ali npespameHifl A^TeiLHOOTH <PycoRaro JtHTepaTypsaro 
o6mecTBa» Cok)8i uoxevb npo^ojacaTL cymecTBOBaiB, KaK'b caiiocTDa- 
TeABoe o6niecTBO» (UpBMi^. ki § 1 ycraaa). SaiiirB saBHCHMOCTb 
€oi)8a OT'b tryccKaro JLarepaTypBaro o6mecTBa» onpeA&ueTOfl AByiuc 
oyBKTaMB; 1) cHai ^acjia 12 uesoBi KoMBTera *) 6 B36Bpa;DTCfl 
HBi HBCJia "ueBOBx CoK>da, comoaxnjsTh eABBOBpeneBBO ueBaHE Pyo- 
eKaro JlBTeparypBaro ofimecTsa. 1/Lz% RaBABAa'iOB'B ki ueaairB Ko- 
KBTera — ABa B86Bpax)Tca aax ^BOJia coctobii^bxi uesaicB PyccRaro 
JlflTopaTypBaro o6mecTBa> (§ 17). (OorajiiftBue oprasu (3oD8a,— cy^B 
^ecTB fl peBBSiOBHaB KOMflcoifl,— paBHo KaKT> B jifl^Buft oocraBi Go- 

B)8a Be COCTOBTB BB BT» KaRBTB OfiBSaTeJIBBIIX'B OTBOmeBlBrb Kb 

PyccKony JEHTepaTypBoiqr o6o];eoTBy)». 2) B'b cjiy^at npeKpan^e- 
flifl A'iuiTeiBBOOTB CoD8a, cooraunafica RanBrarB b Biiyo];ecTBo no- 
erynaDTb vh paonopaaceBie PyccRaro JEBxepaTypflaro oCn^ecTBa, 
Au o6panieBiB Ba npeAMon BBaBMOnoxoBQi HBcaieiefl b A^Teiet 
nepioAB^ecKott neqaTB» (§ 42). 

II,'&ui CoDsa cocTOBT'b Bi^ 0JiiAyx>iiieirB: 

a) o6iexBBeBie' pyccKBzi nBcaTeieft sa bohb^ vx% Bpo(|>eccioBaibBiix'& 
■BTepecoBi, jvuL ycTaBOBieeiA nocTOflBBaro Mosxy hhmh o6meHia u oxpa- 
BBBui xo6puxi> HpasoB'b cpexH xiflTeieft nenaTH; 

6) nocpexBH^ecTBO Bex^y aBTopaHH, coTpyxHHsaicH nepioxH'iecsflX'B hb- 
xasift B nepeBoxHBKaMB, cb oxeoft cTopoBu, HSxaTeiaini b pexasTopaiiH, ci 
xpyroft, saics bi OTBomeHiH cnpoca h npexioseBia Tpyxa, xaa'b b xib pas- 
CMOTpd^Hia Bxi BsaHMBHX'b HexopasTB'^Hlff H caopoBi B*^ ciynat bobbbbbo- 
BeaiB TasoBHz^b; 

, B) nocpexemecTBO h pascuoTpiEie ih^bhzi CBopoBi h BexopasyBi^sift, 
BosBBBaDBiHZ'b B'B fle^aTB Mesxy ueHaMH coDsa, a laKse Bexxy bbxb b 

flOCTOpOHHUMH IflHaBB; 

r) npexcTaBHTOJiBCTBo Ba pyccKHxi b BBOCTpaaBuxi ciisxaxib e vb xpy- 
TBxi CAyHaflxi, sorxa coiosi npHsnaerB 8to BysHUM's, coBicdbcTHO ci P70 
CKHBi JlHTepaTypflHU's 06n^ecTB0B'B hjih BesaBHCHMO OTi Bero; 

X) xoxaTaflcTBo nepexi* flpaBHieiBCTBeBBUMH h o6ntecTBeHBiixB y^peis- 
XeBiBMB no npexBeTaBx, BacanmHBca JHTepaTypsoft npo<i>ecciB h ea 0Tx:kiB- 
BHX'b npexcTaBHTeiefl; 

e) xoxaTaficTBo b nocpexBHqecTBo sepex'B ynpeBueBijiMH b o6niecTBaMB, 
Bd^xaDBiBBu noMOBiB BHcaTeiBBi* B Bxi coMeflcTBaB'b, a Tasse cox'ibficTBie 
9TEWb yHpeBLxefliiiii'B bi sHxaxi odiexHEeeiA h pasBHTia bx'b X'I^tcibeocth; 

s) BaTepiaiBByK) noBomi* cborbi coHieBaiii bi Tixrb (|>opBax'b, soto- 
piiB 6yxyT% npuBBaau u'kiecoo6pa3Bincfl. 

^iia CoK>3a BbA&K>TCB: 1) KoMBTeroirb (12 uobobi b 4 xaBXE- 
xaTa), 2) CyxoMi ^ecra (7 ubbobx b 2 saBAVAaTa) e 3) PeBB3ioB- 
Bofl KOMBccieft (5 nenovb b 2 KaBABAaia). ^oBcaift bsbooi— 10 pytf. 
VbvoKh. no yorasy Gov^n cqKTaerofl cocToaBinsBOfl, Korxa bi aem 6y- 
fjfft'b Be MOBte 100 ueBOBi. 15 BBBapa nepBOBaqaiBBue y^pexB- 
lexfl co6paiBCB au nonojiBeBiB onBcica uobobi ao Tpe6yeMaro ycra- 
-Bowb ucia, B Ba aroiTB otohtb a^o bi ly MBByry, KaKi nBBryroa 

STB OrpOKB. ITO BCeft BipOBTBOCTB GODSl OTEpOOTB CBOB AiftOTBifl B^ 
Te^BBiB BBBapB S6. 



*) 3aBl»X7K>B^aro x^aiiH Consa. 

M 1. Orxtei. II. 



98 PyCGKOE BOrATCTBO. 

noseiaeirb HOBOposAeHHony Codsj BUAepsKs h cepBOSHOOTH, ae- 
o6ioAHMBirb js,JUL * fonixa ;ri^a. Ha^o HaAtflTbcfl, qTO Codsi o6pa- 
THTB npeHMymeoTBOHHoe BHHMaHie ho Ha xaTepiaiBHjD noMon^b im- 
oaTeuurB, 6ojcfie hjh xesie o6e3iie?eHHyD oyn^ecTByDo^HMH yse y?- 
pexAOHiflKH: jrarepaTypHUM'B ^oh^omb, neHcioHHOfi saccoft, Kacco&> 
y^esAOHSoS npn aEaxeiiiH Hays'B, — ^a sa APyrifl yKasuBaeMEia ycia- 
BoiTB saAaqH. TjiaBHitiimicH nn hhx'b Dpej^oraBJiflDTOfl MB:b: toxpa- 
HOHie AoGpux^ npaeoBB opeAH a^tojioh ne?aTH», <noopeAH£qecTBo 
H pascMorpiHie caopoB'B n HeAopasyjrbHifi, BOSHEKaDn^HX'B bb neqaxH 
MesAy qjiCHaMH Coiosa, a xasse uemjij hhhh h nocTopoHanuH jse- 
i^aitH», cxoAaiaftoTBO nepeA^ npaBHTeiBCTBeHHuicE h o6mecTBeHS£iKs 
yqpesAOHiflMH no upeAMOTairB, KacanmHMCH jHrepaTypHofi npo^ec- 
ciH H efl OTA'i^BHux'B speAcraBHTeiefii... 

ConsB BdaHKonoMon^H pyocRHX'B nscaTejiefi MOserB 6u[tb h oqesB 
toJLhmzwb A^oMB, E RpyrjiBiMB HyjieMB. CiaTB Tbwb wiB ApyrsiTB 
saBscsTB, KOHeqHO, He 0TB Hero OAHoro, ho bb SHaqBiejiBHofi cTe- 
noHH BcexaKH h otb Toro, bb Easoft Mipi cain> ohb npoHESHeTca 

CepBeSHOCTBD CBOHXB I^IOft E fiipOK) B'B AOGTOHHCTBO H SHaqome 

neqaTHaro cjiOBa. 

Hhk. MNxaRjiOBQKifl. 



XpoHHKa BHyipeHHea mchshh. 

rocyAapcTBCHHaH pocnncB Ha 1897 ro;cB. 

Bb HOBoroAHHXB raseiax'B ony6j[HKOBaHa, no o6u[KHOBeHii), «ro* 
cyAapcTBOHHafl poonncB aoxoaobb h pacxoAOBB» na HacTynaK>n^ifi ro;^. 
HTorH pooHHCE noBa3iiBax)TB, mx> h btotb foa'b, no 6i)AseTHHirB 
npeAHoioxeHiHirB, aoxsoh'b 6htb npEqEcioHi* k'b TasBirB se 6jiaro- 
nojyHHHMB roAaH'B, KaKB h pha'b eicy npoAniecTBOBaBmHX'B. 

TocyAapoTBeHHoe KasnaqeficTBO aojubho noJiy^HTB B'B 1897 roAy 
1.322,2 M. p. rocyAapoTseHHUX'B aoxoaobb. 1131 btoS cyMMU 3,8 x. p. 

OOCTaBlflDTB T. HaS. c^peSBUqatHHO peccypGlI>; HTOrB «06jUKH0B6H- 

HSXT»», TOKyn^HX'B rocyAapcTBeHHiixi AOXOAOFB (ot'b naJiorOBB, npoA- 
npiflTiS H HMyn^eoTBB KasHu H t. a) onpeA^JUieTCfl B'B 1.318,4 h. p. 
dia i^(j[)pa Ha 78,9 m. p. npoBuniaeTB htof'b aoxoahoA pocnHCH 
npoAinecTBOBaBniaro 1896 r. (1.239,5 m. p.). TaKEMB o6pa30MB e Ha 
BTOTB pasB mi BCTpiqaoMCfl CB ^asTOtf'B BoapaoxaHifl h31> roAa bb 
roAB odoieH oyMMU rocyAapcTBOHHuxB aoxoaobb, OA'i^JiaBniflMOH yse 
oSu^HiiiMB jifio. HanrsxB pocnnceB. FjiaBHaH aoah npEpocia aoxoaobb 
no poonBCH 1897 r. npoTEBB pocnHCE npeAmecTBOBaBmeE AOJOtsHa 6utb, 
finpoqoM'B, OTEeceHa ne na cqexB yBejiBqenifl upoE3BOABTeABHocTH na- 



XPOEHEA BHyrPBHHEft SHSHH. 99 

jioroB'B, a Ha cnerb pacmnpeHifl onepaipfi ooGcTBeHHaro xo3flftcTBa 

RaSHH. JtoXOAOB'B 0Tb Ka3eHHHX'L SeJltdBHX'L AOpOFS H OTL EaSOH- 

fiot npoAaxH nHTett hohhci6ho no pocnHOH 1897 r. na 59,5 m. p., 
6ojrfie nponuoroAHflro; ho cl ;Q)7rofi cropoHii h no pacxoAHoiry 6M>jir 
xery na oaHaHeHHUfl craTbH upeAHOJiraraeTCfl EcrpaTHTb Ha 43,9 m. p. 
fiojrte npoTHBi npomjiaro ro;ia; TaK'b tio ^hctuS Tuaotyh no o&ban> 
vtjorh craTBflH'B Aoxo^a cocTaBHTB 15,6 m. p. 

B% oTjijbjA HaioroBi yBejiH^eme nocrynjieHifl npeAQOJiaraeTCfl no 
HaioraiTL KoceenHtMn (na 15,6 u. p., vh rowb- HHCit 5,8 m. p. no 
TaHOseHHoiiy cSopy h 5,2 no caxapHOMy aKi^Hdy) h notuAUHOMz 
(5,5 M. p.). Hao6opoTL, MOH'le nponuoroAHHro aojishh a&tb npj^Mue 
HaiOFH (na 6,7 m. p.) e eufynuue -nMineoicu (na 1,3 M. p.). YMeHi.- 
mesie nocTymenift no npHMUirB HaJEoraiTB i^jibboitb oCiflCHfleToa 
c6aBK0D Ha noioBHHy OKJiaAOBi rocyAapoTBeHHaro nosoMOJiBHaro Ha- 
Jiora no RopoHaipoHHOify ManE^ecry. 06n^afl oyima TaKoft c6aBKH 
npocTEpaeTGH ao 8,5 m. p., ho laRi Kasi no sl^Rotopuu^ Apyi^i^"^ 
eraTikflirB npHMiiX'B HaioroB> npeASEAHToa yBeiH<ieHie nc/crynjieHift, 
TO B'b otfn^eiTB pesyjubTaTt yEeEBmoHie nocrynjieHift otb npflimrB Ha- 
JioroB'B no pocnncH HC^ECieHO vb HtoROJSBKO MeHBmefi ipr^pt — 6,7 x. p. 

Bee npHpan^enie 6K)AaeTHHxi aoxoaobi 1897 r. npoTHBi npoA- 
meoTBOBaBmaro roAa oocraBJUieTB, RaRi* us ynoHHHain Bume, 78,9 m. p. 
T. 6. 6,496; a ecu oxREHyTb ri 43^9 m. p., na Roropue yBoiineHi 
H pacxoAEiifi 6KAserB (no RaseRHuirB seji. AopoiuM'B e BHHHOtt xo- 
Honoiin)— TO qncToe npeBumeHle AOXOAa onpoAi^xHTOfl fb 35 x. p. 
HJDi Bi 37o oGn^aro nrora AOXOAnaro 6i)A2ReTa 1896 r. (1.239,5 x. p.) 
TaRHxx o6pa80Ki» aoxoahsh cxiTs otenxi foaobi o^ohb (Iiesre 
xea^ co6oD.. 

Touo TaRse xaio OTiH^aeTca otb nponiiaro roAa h pacxoAHidt 
OTA^i poonncE 1897 r. Bi 1896 r. o6n^afl cyxxa o6iiRHOBeHHUXi 
rooyAapcTBeHHHXi paoxoAOFB onpoA&ieHa 6Hxa b'b 1.231,1 x. p., na 
189.7 r. oxiTHHH accErHOBaHifl cooTaBiflDTB 1.284,9 x. p., na 53,8 x. p. 
Hjra Ha 4,3Vo 601^6. HaH6o2Bniafl wotb btofo npEpan^eHiH naAaen 
Ha ajA ynoxaHyTUfl yse Bsme craTBE paoxoAa: accErHOBanifl na 
paoxoAU no RasoHHoft npoAaaA BEsa yBejnrieHS na 22,2 x. p. e sa 
pacxoAU no 8RcnjioaTai9E RaseHHHXi xexisEuxii AoporB na 21,7 x. p 
3a ECRjroqesiexB 8tex% oraToft yBeiH^esie paoxoAOBi no ocTajEBsmrB 
oTA&xaxi pocHHOE cocraBifleTB TOjn»RO 9,7 x. p., t. e. xenie V/^ 
o6ntaro HTora pacxoAOB-B nponuaro roAa. Croibro HE6yAB saxtTHoe 
yBeiHHOEie accsrHOBaHift, Rpoxi pacxoAOB^ no nnHHoft xoHonojciH h 
no RasoEHOxy seitsHOAoposHOxy xosattoTBy, ORasuBaercE eme no 
HiGR0JD[BRHXi> jipyTEWb oTaTBEXB cx^TBi xESECTepcTBa nyTOfi coo($nie- 
sifl (sa yjiyqmeHie 7Kejii3Burb AoporB 6,7 x. p., Ha mocceSHue n 
BOAHHiie nyrn 4,4 m. p.), no cxtT* xHEBcrepciBa BHjTpeHHHX'B fltn* 
(2,8 X. p.), cBflTtflinaro CBSOAa (2,2 x. p., B'B Toxi "mucjA na aT~ 
xoBHO-yMefiHLiR 3aBeAeHiE 1,6 x. p.) h xopcKoro XEHEcrepcTBa (2 x. p.); 
accurHOBaHifl no MSHHcfepcTBy BoeHHOxy yxeHBnieHU Ha 4,1 x. p.; 



MO FFCGEOS BOFAfOTBO. 

no oomiBHinrB ot^iiairB pocmieH pacxoxH, npeAiiojioxeHHfiieHal897 r., 
no^TH He omraaDTCfl otl accHTHOBaHii npomiaro ro^a hh b'b tj, 

SB Vh npyrjD CTOpOHJ. 

Bet o6iiKHOBeHHHe paczow <^ HanoiiKoirL noRpKBaDituc 
o6aKHOBeHH£nfH AoxoxaMH, oxHAaeioiiai ki nocryaiemi) fb 1897 r. 
PocnscB 0Be;ieHa ci H36KTK0]rB oCuKHOBeHsurB aoxoaobi ebjcb 
paciOAaiiH Bi 33,5 m. p. (aoio^i 1.318,4 m. p. h pacxo;i> 
1.284,9 H. p.). Bi npomioiTb roxy laKoft E36iiT0Ki npeAnoiaraios 
wb 8,4 X. p., vh ;i^ftcTBHTejcbHocTH owb OKasaioB ropasAO Bume: 
sa 10 utoiiiieBi, no Koropmrb cBexesu cwni, o6HKHOBeHHHrB 
XOxo;^OBi nocTjfluo sa 84 x. p. 6ojrbe npoTHBi cxiTHUxi npoA- 
noxosBOHit. B'h 1896 r. (noci^AHeiTB, no Boropoiiy lui HMien 
8aK0fl?eHmft or^eTi) Bwanneicb o6HKHOBeHHHX'B aoxoaobi naj^ pao-* 
xo;^aMH npn cocraBieBdH pocnHon oxHAfticji vb 22,9 m. p.; b^ js^i- 
cTBHTeAHOOTH HonojnieHie pooimcH xaio npeBHmeHie aoxoaob'b Ha^i 
pacxojjaiiH n H66uBaioirB ;^o rtx-B nopi pasiiipt — 114,9 m. p. 
IIpaB^a, 1895 ro^ib 6hurb HCRjiDiHTeJiBHo djiaroapiATHsifi, TaKi Kan 
OB'B cjLiAOBan sa piyiifl ro;^aMH o6R2BH£[rb ypoasaeBi nojs;b pfl^ib — 
1893 E 1894; BjriBHie otexi jposaeB^ aojkho 61110 OTpaBHTbcfl 
OTTOCTB H Ha cjAfljvijjjfiWb 1896 roAy. HacTonmift rojub HaxoAHTca 
B% ycjEOBiaxi iceHie Buro^Hux'B, ho bo bchsoitb ciy^ai, cy^ no 
npHirbpy pg^ita nponunixi i^tb, HtrB ocnoBaHiH ozHAaiB, vro6u npex- 
nojoaenia pocflHCH, nocrpoeHHUH, BooCme, aoboxbho ooropoxHO, hb 
onpaBAaiHOB npH HcnoMemH. BipoHTHte, tto bt» KOH^t ro^a mh h 

Ha BTOTB paa-B BCTpiTEMOa (TB EBJUanKOITB ;^OXO;^a 60J[BniH]rB OpOTHBl 

npexnoiaraeMaro, — eoiH, kohbiho, BaKifl HEdyxB HenpeABiijKiHHiui 
oficToarejiBCTBa ho HapymarB Toro 6j[aronoiy^Haro cooTOHHiir, bi ko- 

TOpOMl HaXOAHTCH HafflO jIHHaHCOBOe XOSHiaCTBO. 

OfipaBOBaHie Epynniix'B HBinniKOB^ fljoxo^a na^^B pacxo^oiTB sa 
pa^TB jiiTB BUABEraoTB B^epe;^'B Bonpoci 061 ynoTpefiieniE bthtb 

HSJEmKOBl. no jaHHEOTB, EWOaeBEHlTB Vb J^OKiajSJh HEEEOTpa 4)B- 

HanooFB no pocnECE HUHiniEEro ro^a, ociaTKE otb pocnEcefi npes- 
HEXi jiiTB, oGpasyDnUe CBoSoAHyro naiHTOocTB rocyAapoTBenEaro 
HasHaqeficTBa, aojixhh Cuih cocraBBiB k-b naqaiy roj^y okoio 150 m. p. 
npEcoexEHEa cK);^a 33,5 m. p. npeBiimeEiE, osEAaoMaro no HHH*ai- 
HOi pocnBCH, nojiyqEiTB o6nUft $OHfli, KOTopiurB MoaerB pacnoiaraTB 
rooyAapcTBo jifia. ynoBJieiBopeHiE obohxi Haflo6HOCTet, BHXOAaniExi 
■Bi paHOEi TOEyn^aro eBxaexa, no iceHBmelt M*p4 b^ 183,5 m. p. 

HpeBBBiqaftBua saTpaiBi, KoropHa npe^nojiaraeToa cAiiaiB sa 
eqen. aioro ^oH^a bt. TOKynxeicB ro^y, npep»3Eaqai)Tca HCKJiDqE- 
ToiBHo Ea pacniEpeBie aeJIt3flo-;^opoKBoft c4te. 

Boa cyMMa qpesBmaBEHxi paoxoflOBi no pocnncE 1897 r. onpe- 
^^tlOEa Bl 129,1 M. p. HSI 8T0« cyMMH 61,1 n, p. BaBHaqaBTca Ea 
coopyaoEie CEfiEpcKoft aej. 40p., 3,3 ic. p. na BonoMorareiBEHa npoA- 
npiaxia, cBasaHEHa ci nocrpofiKOD exoft xopora, 54 m. p. Ha 00- 
opyaoEie Apyraxx acejrtsEHTB Aopon o6^^a^o sflaqeHia a 10,7 m p. 



XVOVBUl BHTTPBHHBft SHSBH. 101 

Ba ooopjseHiQ irboTHUX'B seJEtsHUxi ;^oporB h noxi^isAHHX'L ityrett. 
HpesBUiafiHHTB flfixojs,owb no pooimcH npeAnoioseso, xaKii mh ro- 
BopHU Bume, Boero 3,8 m. p.; boTajobEHO 125,3 m. p. noKpuBanT- 
efl ocTaTsauH on o6u&HOBeHHNX'b ji,oxofffiVb: no cM^bTt 1897 r. na 
33,5 M. p. H no oniiairB npesHHX'B Jiirb — 91,8 m. p. Sartm Vb 
KOHiQr roAa oTb OB060AHO& naiH'iHooTH rooyAapoTBOHHaro Kaana^eM- 
CTBa AOJOKHo ocxaxBca en^e okoio 58 mm. p. (150—91,8). 

OSmift HTOFB BCeft pOCnnCH — E 06lIKH0BeHH0ft, H qp63BUHafiH0ft — 

onpeA'kjiEeToa Bib 1.414 m. p. Hsi. dToro ofin^aro HTora 1332,2 h. p. 
(BOft 1284,9 M. p. 06£IRH0BeHHHrB paczoAOBi H 37,3 paczoAOBi> 
^esBUHaftnuxi) noKpiraanTCfl AOxoAaMH TOKy^aro roAa, ooTaji&Hue 
(91,8 M. p. HpesBBnaiHUX'L pacxoA0B^) oMiTHUMH ocTaTsaMH npom- 
jTEixi jrbTB. HnKasEX'B saHHOBi jifla BunojiHeHiA npeAnojiosoHHUXi^ 
Ha 1897 roA^ HpesBu^aftHUX'B pacxoAOB'L ho noTpefiyerca. 

TaKOBa vb canuxi oCii^hx'b e RpynHuxib nepTax^ ^HSiOHOida 
rocyAapoTBOHsaro duAsera sa siarbniHift roA^. RaKi mh yse roBO- 
pnjra, 6k)as6thbia i^H^pu pncynn aioTb roA> EaET* roA> npoAOJi- 
xattn^arocji ^HHaHcosaro Gjtaroaojtym. Boupo(n» CBeAesiH KOHi^oB'b 
CB KOHi^aHH, enie HOAaBHo Tasofi oorpuft jijui Hamero 6K>AseTa, He 
HBjfleTCfl y»e ^HEaHcoBOio 3206010 a^. MunaxoAHifL ne ab^hi^htzi, 

a H36UTKH AOXOAOBl B^ rOCyAapCTB6HHK[X'I> pOCDHCaXi; Ha 8TH H36UTRH, 

H6 npH6iraa kx saiMaiTB, Moryx'B 6uTh BunojiEfleMBi KpynHue qpes- 
BBi^aftHue pacxoAU. 

Ho E ^HHaBcoBoe H3o6Hiie, TaKi) ze KaR'B e ^EHaECOBua cRyAooxb, 
BUABHraerb BaepeAi* HSBioTEHfl s^aqH. H ^wb npo^nie e ycTOfl- 
HEBie MOserB o^raraTBci tbroo fl3o6EJiie, TtMi HacroflrejiBHito 8th 
saAa^iE craHOBflTCE. 

KoFAa Ha nepaorb mant au rooyAapoTBOHEaro dDAseia ctohtb 
Bonpoci TOiTB, RaR:b saTREyrb BucTynannuE napyiRy AHpu vb xo- 
3flficTv6, RaR'B HaftTE cpoAOTBa AU noRpuTifl o6fl3aTej[BEUX'B, Eeo6xo- 
AEUUxi pacxoAOBT», Bonpocx oaxocoxpaEeEiE, eojiH mosho xaR^ but- 
pasETBOff, — TorAa no HoofixoAEMocTE OTEJiaABiBaeTcs ao Jiy^mEX'B jijsLek 
yAOBJieTBopoEie meofex'l Boninn^EXi* RyjiBTypHiJX'B noTpe6HooTett, au 
ROTopuxi H6o6xoAEMa noMO^B rocyAapoTBa; no RorAa 8te jiy^oiie 
4»EEaEC0Bue ahe esi osEAaaiE o6pan^aK>TCfl wb A^ftcTBETOJiBEOeTb, 
RorAa rocyAapcTBO nepecTaerB crtcEETBCE bt> cpsACTBaxi e HirbeTb 
Bi> cBoeiTB pacoopflseEiE RpyaEKE cboSoaebui cyMMU, oo6paEEKa ny- 
TeiTb EajEoroBi 01 EacejieHiE, — pacmHpeme rocyAapoTBeHHuxi> 3a- 
Tparb Ha KyAtmypntM noTpe6HO<rni crpasH EBiEeTOE o6fl8aTejiBSiiiirB 
E fleo6xoAEMii]rb. KaRoe niEpoRoe nonpHme a^e pa6oTu bi vtowb 
EaapaBjrefliE npeAOTaBJ[EK)TB yciOBiE pyccROi AiAcTBBTejn>HOCTH— oOi 
dTOH'B Hoqero mhofo paonpocTpaHETBca. H bi> o6j[acTE MaTepiaiBHoft 
tf oco6eHHO Vb oSjiacTE Ay^OBSoft RyjBTypu ji^vA pflAi» 3SM(aTb nep- 
BoereneEEOi BaaRHOciE EaoroS^EBo BizABHraexofl BnepeAi* oaMOD 
xfl3HBK>. A^craTO^HO yRadaiB xoxa 6u na noTpefiHocTB bi mEpoROirB 
pacnpocrpaHOHiE HapoAHo& msojinii, na Heo6xoAHMOCTB SEeprflqeoROft 



102 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

6opb6H Gi TOK) 663rpaHOTHocTBi) Maccii HaoeJieEdfl, KOTopaa OBJuieToa 
TaROD KpynHOD noicizox) h j^jlb. BOflKsx'B fiTunefliS bi c^ep'ift 
Hapoj^aro Tpy^a h Hapojpiaro xosatcTBa. 

SaiiiTL Bi roAu ^HHascoBaro diaronojty^ BUABHraercfl Bnepe^^ 
H Apyrafl sa^a^a: aio HueHHo sa^a^a ynopflAO^emfl hoto^hhsob'b 
6¥)WReTBUTh noorymeHiS h o6j[eri6Eifl noAaiHaro 6peMeHH na- 
cejieHifl. B'B Tpy^HHe to^u ^HHaHOOBaro xosaficTsa, sorAa npHXo- 

AHTCfl OTUOKHBaTB BO 9T0 6u-T0 HE CTaiO HOBUe HCTO^HHKH AOXOAOBl 

jifiXL ncAAepsama paBHOBioifl bi» dDAxert, — npn Bufiopt bthx'b hcto^- 
EHKOB^ HJDS spH onpeAtieiDH pasMipoB'B o6j[OseHifl, rocnoACTByDTB 
npeBMyn^ecTBeHHO mai hotth ncEJin^HTejiBHO cooSpasoHifl ^HOEajiBHUfl. 
Ha nepBufl niaH'B BucrynaerL Boiipooi> He o pasHOirbpHOOTH h onpa- 
BOAUBOCTH, a iiph6hjibhoctr Toro EJiH HHOro BHAa HajioroBi. Kib 
o6ioseHiD npHBJieKanTOfl Bcb rb npeAHOTEi, ROTopue MoryrB jsfimdL" 
BHTB ^flORy HeofixoAHMUH cpej^GTBa. Otb 8T0r0 Bl 6DASeT& noHB- 
juDTGfl H yAepsHBaiQTCfl MHorifl cTicHHTej[BHH6 jifs, HaoaieHifl H He- 
pai^OHajibHHe vb ^HHaHCOBoirB OTHomeniH bhah o6xo8eHiH9H bchco- 
BORyDHOCTB HaioroB'b jumaercH xapaRiepa npaBHjniHofi h oxpoitHoft 
CHcreMH. noAaTHaH pe^opna flBiflerca noaTOvy oahok) hsi HacroH- 
Tej[BH:fafimHXi» ^^HHaHCOBUX'B saAa^B, RorAa BoapocB o paBHOsiciH 
AOXOAOBi H pacxoAOBi B'B rooyAapcTBOHHOiTB 6x)Aserb lepaerB cboI 
oorpHfi xapaRxepL, aaoJiOHiiiQn^ifi Boi ocTaiBHiifl norpefiHOOTH npa- 
BHJiBHaro ^HHancoBaro xoaaftcTBa. 

EcjiH npHHOMHHTB Hamy 6DAseTHyx> HcxopiiosanociiiAHui a^ghth 
jilTifl, xapacTepHsyDnuflcflfiuorpiiifi pooroirb rocyAapoTBeHHaro xoaaft- 
oTBa (35 jAvb Tony naaaAi nepBHft ony6iHROBaHHuft 6x)AseTb 1862 
roAa A&BaxB htofb rooyAapcxBeHHHX'B aoxoaobi bi 363,5 m. p. h 
rocyAapcTBeHHUXi paoxoAOBi vb 398,4 m. p., vb HacToanieicB roAy 
ofiuRHOBeEHue pacxoAU BuncjieHH vb cyuiii 1,284,9 m. p., 6oiie 
niM% etnpoe BHcmeft), e gtojib se Cuvrpuwb yBeuienieirB naioroBoft 
TflrooTH A" cTpaHH,— HeiBSfl He npHSHaxb, ^to r'b Heft npHBeAeHHUfl 
Baif&HaHifl MoryTB 6utb npHMiHeHH bi> noxnoft nipt. 

KaRifl se yKasanifl o nojioseniH AByxi HasBaHHiixi RaDHiaiB- 
Huxi si^TB, BiiABHraeMHX'B Au Hamero rooyAapcTBeHHaro xosflficTBa 
iiepioAOH^B n^BHaHcoBaro (Siaronoiyqk'', HaxOAHirB mh bi ony&iHKO- 

BaHHUXl A&HHHX'L HO rOOyAapCXBOHHOft pOCHHOfl? 



AnaiHSHpya fiDAserHua ii(H$pu nocxiAHHXi lin, mu bhahui, hto 
ycHxeHHoe BHEnanie locyAapcTBa o6pameHO 6sxo sa aio Bpeiia Ha 
yAOBxeTBopenie tojibro odnou hsi syjiBTypHux'L noTpeSaocTeft cipanu — 
HMOHHO, Ha yxy^meaie nyxeM cooOmenia a, bb qaciaocTH, Hai^actm*- 
peuie u paaeumie oiceMb3HodopooicHdii Cfhtnu. OSoporu sexisHOAOpoz- 
naro xosafioxBa Rasau saaHMajiH sa btotb iiepioAx oaho nai* nepauxi 
KtoTB Vb HameMi CDAserb. 

3a AecaxHxtTie cl 1886 no 1895 r. — nooxtAaee, aia Roroparo 



XPOHHKA BHTTPBHHEfl SII3HH. 102 

xbi Eufbewh cwjsfiBShie oT^eiu 06% nonoiHOBiH rooyAapcTBeHHUxi poc- 
HEceft, — npesi roojAapcTBeBHUA xaocu npomjio orojio 11 MHuiap- 
jffiwb pyfiieft. 06mafl oymia rocyAapcTBeBBiiX'b aoxcaobi> 3a bto Aeofl- 
TBjrtTie cocTaBJUUia 10730 mhiji. p. Hs'l btofo qnojia on sejocbsBurL 
Aoport nocTynBJio aoxoaobi 1196 m. p. Ci APyroi cropoBH, h 
acejri^SHOAoposBUd pacxoAu npeAoraBJunDTB o^ohb Kpynsua BeJiH'iHHH. 
Ha Bct FooyAapcTBeHHiifl n0Tpe6H0CTH, oSHKHOBOHHUfl H qpesBii- 
qaiHHfl, Ecrpa'QeHO 6ujlo sa 10 sirh 10.669 mhjui. py6. Hai aioft 

OymOI 1878 m. p.— T. e. OROJIO 18%,IIpHX0AHJI0CBBapaCX0AIllSeJIi3H0- 
A0p0XHH6. UpeBumeBie pacxoAOBi hbat^ AOxoAaMH no KaseBBovy 
«ejrii8BOAoposBOMy xosaScTBy, oocTaBjrflJio 683 Jietuu. pyff.y hjih cpoA- 

BHH1> qBOJIOM'B 68,J2 M. p. BZ %odz. dlBllfl I^B^paMH OnpeAtlflOTOff 

BeJiH^HBa nosepTBOBaBifi, cAiiaBHSix'L bsi o6iubx'b cpoACTB^ rocy- 
AapcTBa Ba EysA^i seii^BBOAoposBaro A^ia. 

Hto6u BarjiflABi^e npoAoraBETB ceGt sna^eBie SToft BOJifl^EBH axs 
o6niaro tfioAsoTa e ry nepcnoKTEBy, b% KOTopofi oroflTb saipaTS Ba 
xeJiisBHfl AopoFE no oTBomeBin ki Apyrflni rooyAapcTBOBBuirB no- 
Tpe6BooTflMi>, npEBeAeM'L o6niie etofe rjiaBBifiniEX'B KaTeropifi rocy- 
AapoTBeBB£ixi> pacxoAOB^ sa BasBaBBoe AooflTEJrfcTie. Mh mosoitb ca^^ 

JTBTb dTO TOJIBRO Bl> CaUOMl rpyfiOHl BEAi, TBK'B KaEl AaBBHfl TOFO 
flCTOUESa, E31> BOTOparO MU SaBMCTByeE'B npEBOABMUfl BEse iiE^pu % 

H6 AOCTaBJiflK)Tb Goji'be to^buxx e AoraiBBHXi* yBasaflifi pacnpoA^* 
jresiE rocyAapcTBeBBux'L ESAepsevB bo no oMiTaiTB pasauHHwn 
jmHucmepcmeh^ a no eu^aM^ coMuxh nompeGuocmeU^ sa yAOBJieTBO- 
pesie KOTopuxi ob£ Ba3Baqav)TCfl. 2Cejii3BO-AopoaEBue pacxoAs no Boim 
BlAOMCTBaiTB MoryTi ISiiTB pABBKO BUA^^OBU Bi oco6yx) py6pflKy. 

06n^afl oyHMa scixi oGtAKHoeeuHuxb rooyAapcTBOEEUx'B pacxoAOBi 
^a Ba3BaBEoe AOOHTEJrtTie cooTaBJUijia 9.360 m. p. 9totb etofb pacnpe- 
j^tiEeroa Tasi: 

EEU. py6. 

1. MEBEorepcTBa: boobeoo e MOpoBoe 2.905 

2. rooyAapoTBeBBJEii AOXTb (Bpoirb sejr]teEOAopo2B- 

Baro) 1.924 

3. ^jiisBUfl Aopom 1.398 

4. MeB. ^EEaflCOB'b E KOBTpOJn» (BpOMt XOliSBO- 

Aop. pacxoAOBi) 1.091 

5. MeBBCT. BByTpOBBBX'B A^^ H DCTEI^ifl • . • 1.017 

6. SemeAiWe e rooyA. miyn^., KOBHOsaBOACTBO • 259 

7. nyTE cooCn^enUt (spoMi sejri^3BBix'B Aopon) . 246 

8. HapoABoe npocBtn^enie 221 

9. CBETiftmifi CEBOAi 119 

10. HMnepaTopcRifl ABopi 109 

11. Mbb. BEOorp. A^i E BscmiE rocyA. y^eaRA- * 71 

9.360 



*) Om&Pb FOcyAapcTBeHHaro BOBrposfl no HenojEEesiio rocyAapcTseHHOft 
pocDHeH 1895 roAa. Cn6. 1896. 



104 FirOCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

Ha HpeaeuHo/fiiHUH HaA06H0CTH HcrpaqeHO Ciuo sa 10 Avb 130f m. p.> 
a HMesHo: 

MMja. py6. 

1. Ha norameme rooy^uipcTB. AOJua 625 

2. Ha zextaHUfl Aoporn *) 480 

3. Ha RjmfM HapoAHaro npoAOBOAOTBifl (b'b 

1891—92 rr.) 161 

4. Ha yoEJieHie opeACTBi rocyA* 6aHKa h roojA. 

ABopaHCsaro 6aHRa h hb aP- HaAofiHocni • 43 



1.309 



fi^ cpaBHenifl ci» ApjrHMB KaxeropiflMH rooyAapcTBeHHux'B pao- 
xoAOBi tfu AOitSHU 6paTB HO o6ii^ie BTora Bciii pacxoAOBi* aa ze- 
itsHUB AopoFH, a Tojn»KO pasHOCTb MesAJ saTpaTaMfl Ha xejrfaaHUfl 
AoporH H nooryiueHiflMH otb hhxi. PasHOoib sia cooraBuerB, Kasi 
MU ynoMEHaiiH Bume, 682 m. p. Bra i^H^pa oinmROifB empoe 6ojn»nie 
BolxT> paoxoAOBi HBEBciepcTBa HapoAHaro npooBt^eHlB, baboo 6o- 
jLiQ otiufiX'h pacxoAOBi Ha mKOJiy h sa i];epBOBB Birborb, e BOo6iue 
npoBumaoTB 3HaiEToiBHO sarpaTii no sotirb BaxeropiflMii rocyAap- 
OTBeHHuxi pacxoAOBi, KpoMt njiaTeseii no rocyA. AOitry, pacxoAOBi 
no o6opoHi orpasu, no ^asaEooBoA h o6nteft aAEEHEorpai^fl h 

DCTBipH. 

TaKoe ase beahoo irbcTo iKeji'baHOAoposHue pacxoAH BaEEicanTB m 
Vb 6i)AseTi AByx'B noaKiAHEXi* roAOBi— 1896 h 1897. ]i,sa. bthxi 
roAOBi y Haci wbvb ot^otbjux'b a&hhuxi, h HamHin» EcroHHEJCoirB 
ojiysaTb TOJiBKO cifiTHUfl npoAHOJioseflifl. H^E^pu pocnHoefi ho Aa- 

DTB BOBMOSEOCTE TOIEO BLIA'l^HTB Bci EBAOpSBE HB SOJitSSUfl AO- 
pOFH no OfiilBHOBeHBOMy 6l)AS6Ty. Ecu npEHBTB JULB. TbVb CTBTeft 
BTHXl EBAOpseK'B, KOTOpiIfl Bl pOCnEOH HO BBlAijieHU OOO60, I^fl^pU 

1695 roAa (oH'fc GyAyrB OKople HEse, ^iifB Bume a^otbetojib- 
Hux% jiAB AByx'B nocr^Ayun^Hxi toaobi), to ofin^aa cyuiia Bctx'B 
o6uKfioeeHHuxh pacxoAOBi no seji'i^BHOAoposEOMy xoBaiicTBy onpeA^- 
jiHTOfl npH6xB3ETeiBH0 jvui 1896 r. vb 276 iolu. py6. n ajui 1897 — 

B1^ 304 MEJU. AOXOAOBI OTB SexiSHKX'B AOpOFB AOJUKHO 6ujio noGTy- 

naTB 8a to so BpeMfl : 249 mhjii. py6. Vh 1896 r. b 255 keju. b'b 
1897 r. TaKEMi ofipasoiTB ezeroAHua npEnjiaiu na Tesymifl himo6- 
EOOTH sejrfcsHOAoposEaro xosflicTBa EasEu onpeA'i^DTca vb 27 meju. p. 
AAA 1896 r. H bi» 25 meju. py6. aa^ 1897 r. Ho, RaKi mu BHaoM'B, 
OBopxi Toro 8a bte toabi accflrHOBaHU 6wai no rocyAapciBeEHiarB 
poonECflM'B enie oiobb BpynflUB cyMifBi sa HpesmdHaunue pacxoAU no 
pacmnpeEiD sextsEOAoposHOft otTE. 3a o6a nasBaEHue roAa xpeAETU 



*) Ha qpeaBmaftHufi 6]DAseTb oTHOcaTca paczoAu Ha coopyiseHie sejrito- 
EHTb Aopori H Ha npio6pibTeHie noABflSHoro cocxaBa B'B vpessu^iaAHEm pas- 
MbpuL'h; ocrajBHue sejiteHOAoposHHe paczoAU n^ABxyn, Ha 6jofi,m&rb adsab^ 

BOBeBHUil. 



XPOHHKA. BHyTBBHHEt SH8HH. 1#6 



BO ^qwsBuqaiHOMy SD^lceTy HaaHa^eHu 6iUE Ecuno^HTeiuo na : 
jrbsHOAoposHiui Haj^ofiHOOTH — Vb 1896 r. fl cymii 130 mhjiji. p. h 
n]897r. Bi>C7iiMftl29 xhu. p. HiiKaxHrb oneiuaiLHUxi seiisHO- 
j^opoxHHrb nooryiueHiS (otl saiMOBi* na seitsHOAoposHoe a^o 

HIH APyrHX'^ OAHOpOAHHXl HCTO^HHSOBl) HO pOOnBOfllTB ABJX'b nOCJTfcA- 

HExi jri^TB HO BHeceso: Bci HassaHHue ^pesBuqafiHue pacxoAu bh- 
nojiHflDTCfl Ha c^erb o6maro 6DAseTa h uphtoitb vb rponaj^Hoit OBoei 
AOi'b Ha o^eTB ocraTKOBi* on oOhiKHoeeHnuxh aoxoaobi, HaKonHBniHXca 
sa HtoRouKo tirby 3a noKpurieMi Boix'L TORyn^Hxi paoxo^oBi no 
pocnHCHiTB. €Hpe3BiiqaltHue> jsflxoxa, no pocnncflirB otenxii nocxtA- 
HEXi roAOB^ cocraBiAiE TOUKO 6 MHJU. py6., HUH noKpuBaiaob iamb 
He3HaqHTaiBHafl nacTB o6nieit cyMMu HpesBmaltHHxi pacxo^oB^ 
(259,5 MBju. p. sa o6a rojo^a)- B'b o6n];e]n> Hiori Bci sarpaTU KasHu 
Ha zejildHOAoposHUfl norpefiHocTH, h no o6uKHOB6HHOxy, h no 
HpeaBu^ftHOMy 6DAxeTy, HenoKpuBaemui nooTynjieHiflMH on* ace- 
jAshhxi Aoponby n^MSL AByxib noojilAHHXL jAvb Moryn 6iiTb onpoA^ 
jiOHH, no MOHLmefi Hipl, bi» 300 mima. py6. 3a 10 npoAinecTBOBaB- 
nuxi jfbTB Taufl aaxpaTu: cocTaBJUUH, KaKi mh BHAtiH, Vb cpoA- 

HOITB 68 MHJU. p. Vb VOJi:b. Mu MOSeiTB EOHCTaTHpOBaXb TaRHHl 

ofipaaoifb HO TOJiBKo spynHue paairbpu, ho fiucipoe BoepaoraHie aa 
nocjrfcAHee BpoMA noasepiBOBaHift rocyAapoTBa aue pasBHTUi asarbsHO- 
Aoposnaro ^tia. 

Xoponrie nyTH coofin^enifl BOo6nie h seiisHHH Aoporn vb nacr- 

HOCTH HeCOMHtHHO COCTaBJ[flK>n> O^Hy H81» BaSEtftmHX'b noTpe6HO' 

ereil naTepiaAHott syjcbTypu crpaHU, nodioxy HejEBSH ne cqaraib 
no cyn^ecTsy cBoeiry npoHSBOABiejibHuiiH paoxo^u rocyAapcTBa na 
yAOBieTBopenie atofi noTpeSHOcxH. 

Ho Kasi HH BasHO aHaqoHle seiiaHuxi '^oporb ji^m paaBHiiH 
HapoAHaro xoaaficiBa, BceTasH noTpeOnocTB wb pacmnpoHiH sojrbaHO- 

AOpOXHOfi CiTH H6 MOSOTb aaCJIOBHTB COOOD BOt OCTaJUbHUfl KyJIBXyp- 

HUfl norpeGHocTH crpaHU bi lasofl irtpi, KaEi oro mu BHAHirb b'b 
HanraiTB 6K)Aserb. Ecu cpaBHHTb cbt^KOJioccaiBHUHH aarpaTaMH na 
sejiiano-AoposHoe xoaaHcTBO rb cyMMU, Koiopufl TpaiHTca rocyAap- 
cTBom Ha yAOBieTBopoHie norpefiHOCTefi dyxowoU syjiBTypu, — owk 
nopasaDTB cbood ckpomhoctbd h CBOeft HonoABHSHOCTbD nai roAa 
B'B roAi». BecL roAOBofl 6i)Asen> MBHHCTepcTBa napoAHaro npocBtn^emn 
BABa npeBumaoTb 25 m. p. Ecjih mu opHooeABHHM'B CDAa Bob bo- 
oOn^e accHrHOBaHifl Ha yqeHua, ^ne6mia h xyAOseoTBeHHUH ynpez- 
AOHifl H npeAnpiflxia no BoiMi BtAOMCTBaMi (BRjuoqaa ciOAa h booh- 
HUfl H AT^oBHUfl niKOJiH, H aKaAOHuo xyAOsecTBi, H HMnepaTopcKie 
TeaTpu)— to noJiy^HifB bi o6nie& cjioxhocth 44 x. p. jsja 1896 r. h 
45 M. p. A^fl 1897 r.; Vb HTori aa Aaa roAa aro cocTasHTB 89 m. p.; 
npH6aBJUifl H Bci paoxoAU Ha i];epKOBL — 12 h. p. wb roAi>, — nojtyqHirb 
o6myi) oyMMy rocyAapcTseHHUXii aarpaTB Ha yAOBJierBopeHie bcIx'b 
norpeGHOcret AT^OBHoft KyjibTypu B'b cairoM'b niBpoKOii'b cicuoi'b, 
113 M. p. aa ABa roAa, hohth wnpoe Menttue Toro, ^to aaTpauBaerca 



106 PyCCROE BOFATCTBO. 

Ha xejtkzvua Aopora. To^ho TaRse crpomhh h pa3Hipu rocyAap- 
CTBeHHUX'L sarpaTL Ha ocTajiLHHfl^ RpoMi acextdHuxi Aopon, no- 
Tpe6H0CTH RyjtBTypu MamepiaAbHoa. BecB 6i);qierb MHHHcrepcTBa 
seMJieAMfl H rocyAapcTBeHHiixi Bifyii](6CTB'B cocraBJifljrB tojibro 32,2 m. p. 
Kb 1896 H 33,4 M. p. B^ 1897 r.— 9To Bcero Vb lacTb Baiparb na 
seJiidBLiH AoporH. HysHo npH btoh'b saMiTHTB, ?to 6oiBinaH aoih 
pacxoAOB'B no om^tI nasBaHHaro MHHHcrepcTBa MjudTh Ha yHpaBieme 
rocyAapcTBeHHuun nvymecTBaMH, t. e. OTHOCHTea Vh EaTeropiH hb- 
AepaceRi BSHMaHia rooyAapcTBesHHX'B ;i[oxo;^obi; pacxo^H co6cTBeHHO 
KyjuBTypHHO,— Ha yjiy^meHie n pasBHTie seiueA'i^Aifl— oooraBjiHiDTib mohb- 
niyD qacTB Bcixi> acoHrHOBaBifi; ho TaRi saR^ npoBecTH TaRoe pas^i* 
leHie ci TO^HOCTiK) iiH4>pu ony^jTHROBaHHiixx pocHHceft He hobbo- 
JiiiKiTB, to mu 6epeM^ o(mA HTorb Bcixx pacxo^osi MHHHcrepcTBa 
(RpoHi y^eCnuxi), BomeAniHX'b y»e bi* npHBOAeHHyK) BHine cyHMy 
pacxoAOfiii Ha norpedHOCTH ^y^oBHofl RyiBTypu); npH6aBiHfl cioAa 
pacxoABt Ha rocyAapcTBOHHoe ROHHosaBOAcrso h na no^u, Teierpa^H 
E TCJie^OHU, nojsy^BM'B 43 M. p. M^ 1896 r. h 46 jijUL 1897 r. — 
Bi cyMifi sa of^a ro^a 89 m. p., ctojebro se, croibro haotb na 
niROJiy, Hayny h HCRyccTBo h tojibro 0,3 orb o6n^efi cynifu saxparB 
Ha seju^HUfl AopoFH. HaROHei^'B, na nyTH coo6n](eEifl, RpoMi peiB- 
coBuxi>, H Ha ofin^yio aAMBHHCTpai^iK) t^x'b h apji'bx'b nyreft — r. e. 
E peiBCOBSxx, H He peABcoBUxi — 6DA3ReTH2ifl accHrHOBanifl cocraB- 
jflBorB Vb 1896 r. 30 m, p. h bi 1897 r. — 32 m. p. (bb HTorf 3a 
ABa roAa 62 m. p.). ^eilsHO-AopoxHUfl saTpaTU npeBHmaK)TB vh 
nnmh pa3i> hba^PSRh rocyAapcTBa na Bci^ . npo^s HaxoSnooTH Tpanc- 
nopiHaro A^a* 

EffiAseTHHH accHrHOBaHifl na RyiBTypHUH noTpe6HocTfl, homhmo 
nocTpoeflifl h yiyqifteHifl AoporB, ne toibro crpomhh aficojiDTHO, ho 
h pacTyrB ebi roAa bb toa'b oqeHB iieAJieHHO. 

Oco6eHHO 8T0 cjilAyeTB CRasaTB pacxoAax'B na napoAHoe 
o6pa30BaHie. BDAxeTB MEHHcrepcTBa HapoAHaro npooBin^eHiH na 
1897 roAi He A0CTHraeTB2% o6nieli cyicMU oduRHOBeHHiix'B rocyAap- 
CTBeHHUXi> pacxoAOBB, sa AeGflTHjrfaxie 1886 — 95 r. na vhhh- 
CTepcTBO npocBimeHui npnxoAHiocB ho^th 2,4^/o o6ii^aro nrora 
BdAepseRi no o6uRHOBeHHOMy SnAseTy. TaRHiTB o6pa3oirB omnocu' 
meA/hHcui doM rocyAapcTBeHHUX'B pacxoAOBi na o6n^yD mROJiy 
ynoAa sa nocJiiAnee Bpeioi, xoth aScojDiHaa cymra bthx'b pacxoAOBi 
BospacTaerB Birbcii co bc&mh ocTajiBHuuH OTAtianH 6DAaKeTa, ho 
BOspacTaexx mhofo neAieHHie Apyrnxi bhaobi nsAepsoR'B, noneify h 
saHEMaoTB Bce MeHBmifi h MCHBrnift npoii;eHTB o6n^aro HTora. CpaB- 
HBTejiBHUfl ASkHHKA Sa A^cflTHJiiTie 1886—95 r.r., crpyniuipoBaHHHH 
wb OTqerb rocyAapcTBeHHaro ROHTpojH ofiii HcnojraeHiH pocnHCH 1895 r., 
noRasuBaiDTi, ^to HauMenhtuee npEpan^enie pacxoAOBi sa bto A^ca- 
THJitTie ORasBiBaiocB no cuiTt MHEHcrepciBa napoAHaro npocBin^emH. 
Bi npoHesyTRt iiesAy AByHfl RpaSHHHH roAaMH AecHTHiiTiH sro npH- 
pan^enie cocxaBH/io 11 ^/o, TorAa RaR-B nanp. pacxoAH no eyAti mh- 



XPOHHKl BHTTPEHEBfi SE3HH. 107 

HHCTepoTsa nyiefi coo6meHifl (spoMi^ sejg[^8Ho-AoposHuzi>) jBQjonMJLECb 
Ha 63^, pacxow no MSHHCTepcTBy BoeHHOMy sa 337oi ^o mhhs- 
eiepoTBy ^HHaHcoBi na 327o h t. a. 

IIpHBeAeHHHfl i^H^pn JiCHo o6pHcoBHBaH)Tb TO HanpaBJcoHie, K0« 
Topoe npHHflJia bi HanieirB rooyAapcTBeHHOMi xosflfioTBi nepBaa hsi 
Haiii'TeHHHXi Buine o6iiihxi> saAaHi, BHABnraexuxi a^a ^HHaHCOBoS 
nojiHTHKH nepioAoiTB 6K)AseTHaro HSofiEjiia. PacmipeHie saTpaTi* ro- 
cyAapcrsa sa KyjiBTypHua HaAo6HOOTH haotl onpoAiieHflo toibko vh 
OAHy CTOpony. YBeaH^eHie h yjiyiffleHie aeaisHO-AnpoaHoft cira 
ABJiaeTca AeHTpo]n>, orojio EOTOparo cocpeAOTOCTBaoTca bca 8a6oTj[H- 
BOCTB rooyjEiapcTBeHHaro xosflROTBa vb btohi OTHomeHiB. Bet ociajiB* 
HHA KyjiBTypHHA noTpe6HOCTH ooTaDTCfl AOJieso Ha BTopoHi niaHi. 

Bb OAHOMl nSB AOKJiaAOBB MHHHGTpa ^HHaHOOBB HO TOCyAapCTBOH' 

HoM pooHHCH ysasaHO 6ujio na Heo6xoAHMocTB CAiJiaTB PocciD npo- 
fbsoicefo, KaiTB Ha OAHy hsb KanHiajaHBrx'B saAa^i, BHABnrann^Hxofl 
AJUi Kyjn»TypHHX'B MiponpiflTift rocyAapciBa. 9to Bnojiffk onpaBOAJtHBO. 
Ho HecoMHiHHo laKse, ^o ho MeHie Bassyio saAa^ cocTaeuerB e 
oAtiaTB PocciD tpaMomHow. K'B coxajiiHiH), Cdasbthbui ip(j[)pu[ AaE)TB 
o^BBB Majio noEasaHifi o nocTynaTejniHOH'B xoa^ paSoiH jsfin p'ibmeHifl 
BTofl nocjr&AHefi saAa^H. 



Touo TaKase Haio CA^JiaHO 6wlo bb nepioAB namero ^HHaHcoBaro 
6iiaronojiyHifl h jsfia npeodpasoBanifl noAOioeou ctucmeMu. KasB oto hh 
KavoTCfl napaAoscaiBHUMB, ho HeiBsa ne OTHtxHTB loro ^asia, 
qxo cROJiBEO HH6yAB KpyHHUH Mipu AJUI o6jier?eHU[ naioroBofi ta- 
acecTH npeAnpEHHiiaJuicB y nacB tojibko bb Tflzejnie ^HHaHcoBse 
poAU. OriftHa coiHHoro naiora pimeHa 6£uia bb tomb roAy, KorAa, 
HOCJii AByxB 6j[aronpiaTHo aaKnoqeHHuxB poouHcefi, fiaiancB o6hkho- 
BOHHaro 6DAseTa oGnapysEfB ao^hi^htb Wb 40 cianiKOirB khjuIohobb 
pyGiefi (1880) h SHnoJiHOHB bb cjitAyDn^eirB roAy, 1881, osHaiieHO- 
BaBmeMCH caioiMB KpynHiiirB bb namet 6DAS6TH0ft HcropiH ao<j[)h- 
lUiToiTB BB 80 M. p. no ofiuEHOBeHHOMy fiDASOTy. BosAxb SaTlMB, 

BB nepBOft nOXOBHHt BOCBMHAeCflTUXB rOAOBB, BB rOAH XpOHH^eCKHXB 
6DA2KeTHHXB A^^HI^ATOBB, npeAHpHHHTB 61IIB pflA^ pO^OpUB BB OH- 

creiii npiiHoro o6j[03K6HiH; oTMineHa fiujra noAymnafl noAaTB, bboaoho 

HiCKOJOkKO HOBKXB HaiOFOBB, HHiBHIHXB I^tlBI) HOpeXOSHTB ^aCTb HO- 

AaTHaro 6peM6HH Ha 6oxie cocTOHTeuHHH rpynnu naoejieHiH, bb no- 
AaTHony o6j[oseHiD, bb HisoTopuxB no Kpafineft nipt ciy^aaxB, 
snepBHO npHH^neHB 6eub npHHi^HnB noAoxoAHocrn. IIpaBAa Boi 8th 
pe^opioi npoBOAHJiHCB bb aoboibho oKpoHHOicB Macmradt, cb ypis- 

UHH H KOXnpOHHCCaHH, H npHTOHB ^HCKaiBHHfl HySAH HOp^AKO BEI- 

HysAan 6paTB o6paTEO Apyroft pyRoft to, 9to A&BajiooB oahoS: no- 
BtnneHifl KooBeHHHXB HaioroBB, a^ sanonoHifl fiuAsoTHHXB hoao- 
H6T0BB, HUH pflAoicB CO jiBroraMH BB npfltfOMB o6j[oseHiii. Ho^bo 
BCflROMB ciy^at BonpooB noAaTHofi pe^opirb 6ujrB TBepAo nocTaB- 



108 PFCCEOB BOrA^TCIBO. 

xewh Ha oqepeAB h nepBHO marH ki ooyn^ecTfiieHix) 8Toft pe^pnH 
6buh yse cA^aHZt. 

C'B HaoTymeHieiTB anoxE ^SHascoBaro diaronojiy^ Bonpoo^ 
dTOTB cioAHTB CO cjifiwhi. Hfliepecu HOKonAeHiH BuoryaanTB snepex^ 
H 6ep7TL Bepx'b Ha^B HHiepecaMH paenoMthpHato pcumpednj^emM. 
Tifiwrpiy TflsecTH HaioroBoS OHcrenu enie ptniHTeiBH'be nepeHOCHTCM 
vb c^epy HajioroBT» kocbohehx^, EOTopse pocTyrB HS'b rQ^a vb roA> 
noA^ BJDflHieiii npHBAeqenifl si objioseHii) hobuxb ectohhhkobi h ycE- 
jieHifl o6jios6Hiii npexHHXi. PflAoin» oi dTHMi EAerB Kpynsoe pao- 
lEHpeHie o6iacTE coGoTBeHHaro xoaaficTBa KasHH, — He coeAEHHOMoe, 
oAHaKo, CB yHeHBmeHieirB noAaTHoro 6peMeHE EaceJieHifl. 

Egie B3flTb ABa KpaftHHX'B roAa Toro jificarnLSlmay sa KOTopua 
hmIdtch nocjiiAHie no BpeMOHE oi^eru o&b HoaojiEHeHiE pocnflceS— 
1886 E 1895 rr. — to naBHua cocTaBHUH ""lacTH 6K)AseTa oCHSHOBeH- 
Eiixi AOXOAOBi BupasflTCE TaKEHfl ip^paKE. 

Bi 1886 r. AOXOAHUJit Cdasctb cocTaBUix 774 meju. p., esi 
KOTopuxi 608 M. AOOTaBJumcL saJioraxE (IsRjnonafl ODAa e BUKyn- 
Hue EJiaTesE), 83 h. p. nojiy^eno 6bmo otb KaseHHiiix'B EMyn^ecTB'B 
E npeAnpiflxifi n 83 m. orb ocraJCbHux-B beaobi nocryiLieHift. Hpesi 
10 Avh cyHMa najioroBHXi nocryiueHifi sospocia na 246 hejut. p. 
(ci 608 AO 854 M.) EJra Ha A0% ciHrnsoMi; aoxoabi on KaseHEaro 
X03flScTBa Bif^CTO 83 H. p. A^fl 311 M., 6oj[te na 228 x., t. e. 
CBiime ^ikwb BTpoe npoTEBx nepBOHa^axBHaro, ocxaiKsue beah AO- 
X0A0BT» ocrajiECB noTTE BB npesHen pasMtpi (79 m. p. bt> 1886 r., 
83— BB 1856). Bi o6nieirL nrorb BecB aoxoahbie Gdasofb Bupocib 
8a AOCETB jAtb cb 774 AO 1,244 ii. p., t. e. nowE na ^/^ (38%). 
HaHUHbnHift roAB, KaKi bhaemtb, owl npoAnoiosesB bi en^e 6aiB- 
mefi i^H^^pi 1^322 m. p., npEqeiTB na ocHOBamH onbira SjiEsafimEX'B 
nponuBixi roAOBB mosho AJMaTB, ^ito A^icTBETeiBHoe nocTynieHit 
AoxoAOBB A&JKeso o6roHHTB cmItshh DpeAnojioseEifl. 

TjiaBEaH "lacxB npnOaBouux'B najEoroBiixB nocrynxeHitt naAaerB 
Ha KOCBeflHue HajrorE. Botb o6n^ifl i^E^pu, noKa3UBax)in;iH pasMipu 
BToft npH6aBKH (bb meju. py6.): 

1886 1895 
UpflMue Haiors h BHsynH. njiaToaKE . 174 207 -|~ ^^ ^'^ ^^^/o 

KocBOEHHe HEJiorH 385 ,575 -\-l9Q > 497© 

IIOfflJiEHH 49 72 + 23 » 47% 

608 854 246 Era 40% 

TaKEMB o6pa30irb no BoiirB BEitaMB o6jioseHifl HaceieHie bb 
1895 r. ynjiaTEJio 6oAe^ "itHB aQcetb xbrb naaaA'B, ho ocoCieEHO 3Ha- 
^HreiBHu 8Tn npEiuaTu 6iziE no OTHomeHix) kb naxorairB kocboh- 
HHMi, no KOTopuifB B3H0CU HaoeJieHiE yBOAHqEmCB nO^TE BDOlTOpa 
pa3a. 3a sto BpeMfl bhobb BBeAenu HaiorE ci« KepocEHa e co ohe- 
^Qjn>j HOBumeEB Ha 2 p. cb BOApa 6e3BOAHaro cnEpra nErefiEHk 

9iSjpS3% yCTaHOBJBieVB aEi;E3B Ea AP03KSE, yBOXE^eHl Ea 50% aEI^ESB 



j 



XPOHHKA BHTTPBHHBi S13U. 109 

«b HHBa, aoxHflTii TaMOseHHiifl nomnHU (wb o6mfii cioshogth Ha 
22%X noBumeFb okiiesi cb caxapa, ^Ba pasa yBemuBaJioa aKHjHsi 
cr& Ta6aK7. IIo Bdbm rjiasHHin. CTaTKHir^ KOCBeHHiixi c6opoB% 0610- 
xeHie nuo Ksepxy. Touo Tanse pocio oho h no ApyrHm xaTero- 
pifliTB KaiorOBsxi nocrynieHifi — otb npflMux'b naioroBi s noin- 
jowb — xoTH MeiAe pidKO h ne ctoxb 0HCTeiiaTH«iH0: s^toL paAOirb 
ei yBQiEqemeiTb nocTyueHift ofinapysHBaiocB h noHHseHie hx'b bi 

B^KOTOpHXl* OTA&IbHHX'b Ciy?aflXl>. ( 

BosBiuneme aoxo^obi otb co6cTBeHHaro xoBflficTBa Kasnii 8a 
Xanmift nepioAB saBHo&io riaBHUMi o6pa80in> on paoniHpeHifl 
saseHHOi sejrteHOAopoxHofi oitn. Hsb 228 m. p. npHpan^eHiH sa 
10 JTbTBHO OTOMy oTj^iy GnxsoTa 179 x. p. naAaen na Aoxo^iton 
xejrb3H£ixi» AopoFB. Ho, sasB hu yxe bha6xh, seiisHOAoposHEUc nocryn- 
jOHifl, aaHocHHiifl bb ;(0X0AHHft OT^iurB 6DAseTa, neiBSfl en^e ouTaTB 

HUCmUMh' AOXOAOMB Ra3HH, TaK'B KaK'B EITB OOOTBitCTByDTB H H3B^T- 

HUH BHAa^H no 6K>AseTy paoxoAHOvy. ^o ohxi nopB ofin^ift daiancB 
KasoHHaro seiisHo-AoposHaro xosflftOTBa 6ujrB lompuname^tHmt. 
IIodTOJiy BB oaMoft SHa'iETejrBHOft cBoeS jipA yBenqenie aoxo^obb 
%rh coOcTBeHHaro xo3flftoTBa KasHu hbjuuocb touko bhaemhitb. Ecjds 
HCKiiDiirTB s6jr&3Ho-Aoposaufl nocTyniemH, to oooTBtTOTBeHHiie jifl- 
xoMja 6jAjTb AU 1886 r. — 65 M. p. h ^M 1895—114 M. p., t. e. 
•yicMa npHpan^eHifl sa 10 jrfaTB no A&HHOMy qtji^ 6iOAseTa Sy^eTB 
He 228« a toxbko 49 m. p. 

Sna^HTB, riaBHaa THzecTB rooyAapoTBeHHaro 6DAseTa BiiAepxH- 
BaeTCfl BO BGHKoiTB oiyiat HaioraMB. ^^ 

3a nocjitAHie roAS HaJioroBUA cpeACTBa AOJtsHU 6uih BHAepxH- 
BaTB na ce6t h ho OAHy toxbko thsootb Tesyn^aro ^DAsexa KasAaro 
xaHHaro roxa. Hsb o6fiucHOBeHHiix% AOxoaobb — r. e. na cqeiB naio- 
roBB ^jiaBHUMi o6pa30irB — ^aoixhu noKpuBaTBca e ^esBfiiqafiHsifl 
sarpaTu na TaKiA npeAnpisTifl, KasB nocTpoenie fiojiBmot oh6hpckoS 
AoporH H Apyrifl KpyoHUH sejit3HO*AopoaRHiui ooopyseHifl. Eotb ABa nyiH 
Au yAOBioTBopeniH jsfiKemKtiTb rocyAapcTBOHHurB HaA06H0GTeft, — 
HaiOFH H saftiiti. HepBuft hsb haxi THnH^effB j^eb. TeKjmfctb pacxoAOBB, 
pasouTaHHuxB HayAOBieTBopenie noTpe6HOCTefi nocroHHHuxi. Kb Apy- 
rovy npHfitraDTB o6uuhob6hho, KorAa A'i^o haotbo KaiCHXB HHOyAB Ea- 
nETaJUHuxB npeAQpiflTiflXB, pesyiBTaTu soTopEiXB aojixsu orpasETBCfl na 
AJIEHEUX'B nepioAaxi BpeiieBH h BunoxHeHie KOTOpuxB se hoab OEiy 
leKymeify rocyAapcTBeHHOMy dDAsery. H bb tokb h bb apT^itb ciy- 



*) B'& BteoTopfim ciyvaflrB ■ BospacTiHie qHCTaro Aozo^ft orb RaBeHHim 
npeAnpiATit rroaKe paBHOcHUHO yBeiHveHiio o5ioseHifl. Tasi bi* pocmcK 
i 895 r. <|)0rypHpyerb HOBuft 3SS>^ojch ot% KaseHHOft BpoA^SH nHTeft (sa BHiierom 
pacxoAOBi cocraBjiaioiiufl 3,7m. p.), ho sto Ao6aBoqHoe nocTynjueHxe novTH i^luur- 
BOMii BEBHcibjio 0Tb BOBBHiiieHifl 1^'bHH Ha BHHO 8% KaseHHoft Dpoxaari^. BirbCTO 7 p. 
HacejieHle aa sasxoe boapo 40-rpaATCEaro cnxpTa saniiaTHio 7 p. 75 k. 
dro B'b cyn^HocTH paBHocHABHo noBumeHiB) au^ua Ha 1,9 kod. c% rpaxyca 
^uui Ha 1 p. 90 B. <rb sexpft 6e8BOAHaro cHHpTa. 



]10 pyCCKOB fiOrATGTBO. 

^^'k pacxoAi* ni^aeTB bi> kohi^ kohi^ob'b Ha cpe;(CTBa njiaTejiEn^HEOB'& 

TOCJJlfiipC^BeWBUTb HaiOrOBl, TOIBKO He Ha 0;iHHX'B H Tbrb 3B6 H 

wb pa3Hoft $opMt. PacxoAH, BunojiHfleifue na cqerB safiMOBi, ynia- 
HHBaiDTCfl njiaTejn»n;HRaHH, KOTopue bhochtb b^ Teqenie pjiAft ^^'^ 
npoi^eHTBi H norameHiH no 8thmii safiMaii'b; pacxoxu, noKpiJBaeMue 
HenocpeAGTBeHHo Ha c^btb HajroroBi, uoji^viTrb Ha njiaTeiBn^HKOB'B a&h- 
Haro <j[)HHaHCOBaro ro;^a. Eojih roojAapcTBo a'^s^ti saeirL a^ noKpuTUi 
TOKyni^HX'L HaAoGHOcreft — luaTejrLn^HRH Sy^yn^Hxi dD/iseTOBi* o6ia- 
rasTCfl KOHTpafiyqieH) js,3Ui oSierqeHiH .njiaTeiBn^HKOBi HacTOA^HX'b. 
KorAa, Hao6opoTL, TQZjmLa HajioroBUa cpe^cTBa HAyn Ha Tam npes- 
BuqafiHUA npeAnpiHTiH, soTopua aojishh AABaxB aoxoa'b 6yAyn^HirB 
aoKOitHifliiii — Ha niaxeJiB^HSOBi nacTOfln^Hxi BOBJiaraBOTca KpynHUH 
sepTBii vb HOJiBsy BTHXi HOKOJimfi. B'b Hamefi 6K>AseTH0& 
HCTopiH MOSHO ysasaTB H tI, H Apyrie oiyqaH. KorAa Cuih h6o6- 
xoABMH safiMU AJUi o6ajiaHCHpoBaHifl o6iiKHOB6HHaro fiDAxeia, cpeA- 
OTBa GyAyn^HXX noKOiimft npHBiesajiHOB k7> yAOKnerBopeHix) TOKyniHXi 
6i)AseTHiixi noTpe6HOCTefi HacToaniaro. TenepB mu HHlein> a^io (tb 
o6paTHU]rB flBJienieirB: njiaTejBii^HRH naioroBi no 6K)AHeTairB noc- 
jrbAHflx^ AiTb HecyrB na ce6i E3BicTHyD qacTB TsrooTefi, KOxopBu 
AOAXHU 6h naAaxB na njraiejiBniHKOBi CyAyn^HX'B noROjriHlft. 

CooTBiTCTByerB jih xaKoe fipevfl maxesHmfB cHiam HacejenLaL 
cxpaHH B'B HacxoAHiii MOMOHxi H HO HysAaDXCH SE nj[axej[Bn(HRH ro- 
oyAapcxBOHHux'B najioroBi bb noHHseniH xtxi xp660BaHift, ROXoptuL 

CXaBHTB HMB $HCRB — BOXB BOUpOCB, ROXOpuS eCXeOXBOHHO H H6H36iSH0 

B03EHKaexi BOflEift pasB, ROFAa BOxpinaemBOfl cb 6jLQc^am,EUE 6dasot- 
HUHH HxoraHH, yRasBiBaDn^HHH Ha nenpepuBHUft pooxB aoxoaob^ 
eocxaBJuinn^Hxcfl bi naBHOft cBoet Maoci H3^ najioroBux'B bshocobb 
HaceieHia b'b pasHUXB ^opMaxi. 

^oRjiaA'B HHHHCxpa ^HHaHcoB'B HAorB Ha Boxp'ibqy axoMy sonpocy. 

«B6CBMa ycntniHoe EcnojoieHie rocyAapcxBeHHUx'B pocnHoei bi 
xe^oHie i^iiaro poA^ nocjiiABHX'B lixx — HExaeifB mu bi AORiaAl— 

AaiO HHHHCXepOXBy ^HHaHCOBB BOStfOSHOGXB o6paxHXB BHHMaHie Ha 

HiRoxopuH HaH6oj[ie oxflroxHxejiBHUH cxaxBH odiosema, bi* i^iJLaxi 
o6j[erqeHifl noAaxHoro 6pe][eHH2». Bb AORJiaAi nepe^HciflexcH jifijt^ 
xo, qxo y»e npoAnpEHflxo B'b axoMB oxEomefliH sa 2Vs nooA'&AHEX^ 
roA&. Bb nepeqesB BomjiH npE axoM'b eo OAHi xojibro noAaxHiiH 
iBroxu, so E EiROxopuH Apyrifl Mipu. TaRB B'B AORJiaAb ynoEEflaexoa, 
CB OAEofi oxoposBi, o6b ocBoGosA^HiE seMCREXB c6opoBB (DO saROsy 
6 iiDEfl 1895 r.) oxb HiROXopnxB oGflsaxeiBEHXB pacxoAOBB (na co- 
AopsaEie rpooxbehcrexb yqpesAeflift s cxaxEcxE^ecREXB ROMExexoBB) 
(TB o6pa30BaEieirB BaaM'kfl'B xoro oneipaJiBflaro AopoacHaro $0EAa no 
RasRAOfi ry6epEiE, a cb APyroS — o nocxanoBJieEiaxB UEEEOxepoxBa 
14 sofl6pfl 1894 r., Racaffin^EXoa yBejiH^OHifl Rannxajia RpecxBancRaro 
6aHRa eaceroAHUMH oxqEOJieHifliiH e3b nocxynann^EXB cb RpeoxBaa^B 
BHRynnuxB njiaxesefi. Ho RaROe 6ii fioiBmoe sna^esie ee EirtiE 
o6i sasBaEEKfl Mipu, oni buxoaexb esb c^epu noAaxEUXB oCJier- 



XPOHflJU BayTPEHHEft SH3JEUI. Ill 

^efiiS H H6 MorjTb hitItb obohitb pesyjiBTaTOMx saEoe jib6o ymeHB- 
meflie jresamieft na Hace^ieHiH noAaTHoS TarocTa. 

?T0 KacaeTCH eo6cTB6HHO no^taTHuxi nrorx, to bc£ crpynnnpo- 
BaHHSifl vb AosJiaAi jKasaHia roBopflTB tojibko o ab7xi> KaTeropiflxi 
HajioroBui'fr nocTjnjieHifi,— nomjiEHi e npflMuxi* HajiioroBi>. Ho ot- 
HomeHin kt* KoceenntAMz c6opaMi>, cocraBiflSD^HM'B vislBejio ooHOBf 
Haniero 6i)AseTa, ho inuLO OAiJiaRO HH^ero bi flfiEROwb HanpaBie- 
Hin 3a nociiAHee (Aa h ho 3a nocitAHee toibko) BpeMfl. 

JlBroni, Kacann^iflCfl uomMWb, uHoro^Hc^ieHu h pa8HOo6pa3£u, 
HO AA^eKO H6 Bci HMiDirB CKOJIBKO fiflGjAB KpjnHoe SHaqeme A^ ^^^' 
poEaro Rpyra njiaTeJBmHKOB'B. Bojtbe Bcero BOcnojBBOBajiacB huh ho- 
ABBSHMafl coticTBOHHocTB, oco6eBHO ceiTBOKafl. IIo saEOHy 10 anptJifl 
1895 r., npH noKynsi no boibhoS niwb seMoiB, saJioseHHiixi bt» 

KpOAHTHBIXl yOTaHOB^ieHiflX'B^ EpinOCTHIiIfl nonUHHil HO JlflZTESU HB' 
HHCilflTBCfl Ha Ty naCTB CTOHMOCTH, KOTOpafl Bl> BHA^fc AOAFB HOpeXO; 

AHTB Ha HOKyDH^Ra. EcjiH fl noBynax) BMime, cToioin;6e, nanp., 100 tu- 
csLWb py6ie&, ci> nepexoAOM'B AOJira, bi 90 tuo., to RptnocTHyi) 
aomJiHHy sanjia^y ne co Bci^xi 100, a tojibro sa 10 t£io. py6. T'^itb 
ze jsaROHeEieii'B hs'lhtu 6sj[h HajiorH cb HacjriACTBi, sevjiH, nepexoAfl- 
nua Kb 6jiBsafimHM'B poACTBeHHHRaM'B BJLdLji,ijLhnevh. 06i 8th dUBroni, no 

HC^QCJieHiK) MBHBCTepCTBa ^HHaHCOB'B, OHflJIH CI deujLeBJL^^bnevb 

OROJio 3 MHu. py6. eseroAHaro ujraTesa bx Ra3Ey. OGier^eHie, Ra> 
oaBmeecH soixi bbaob'b HeABHSBuoS oo6cTBeHHOOTH — h ropoACROii h 
ceJiBCROfi — saRJUQ^ajiocB bi AosBOJieHiH dpohsboahtb oTcpo^Ry H pa3- 
cpo^Ry, H6 cBHme vkwb Ha 5 JiirB, RplnooTHHxi nonuHHi, npH 
nepexoAt neABHSHMOCTeft. 9Ta JiBroTa ycraHOBJieHa 6ujia BpeMenHo, 
Ha 3 roAa, no saROHy 4 iDU 1895 r. 

Cjr6AyK)n^afl 6oiie hjih Menie RpyoHafl iBroTa paoxoAOBi nonuiHB'B 
CO cipaxoBaflifl HifyntecTB'B: paaxip'B eroS nomiEHu, no saRCHy 
15 Maa 1895 r., noHBseHi Cb 75 k. ao 50 r. (TB RasAoft Tucau 
P}6ji. sacTpaxoBBBHct cyMMH, cTpaxoBaaia RanHTaJtoB'B h aoxoaob'b 
coBcim ocBcCosAeau otb sajiora. OsHa^eHHufi saROffB o6iemfiJsrh 
BJiaTejiBn^BROBX — t. e. cipaxoBaiejefl BM^n^ecTBi, RanHTajioB% h ao- 
XOAOBTB CoJiie liv'b aa 2 mbju. py6. bi foa'b. 

17-ro iDHH 1896 r. OTMiBeH'B Chjocb qeiBepTB-npoi^eHTHHfi c6op% 
CB i^HHOCTH rpyaoBi H TOBapoBi*, OTDpaBJiaeHUX'B no bophbi oy- 
THM'B HHEepiH. rpydcOTlipaBBTejBH ynjTa^HBajBH Bi Ra3Hy eseroAHO ao 
800 T. py6. aroro c6opa. IIoHBseHie naccasHpcRaro xeir&3HOAopos- 
Haro Tapa^a'AaJio RpynaHa ofijierqeBia jim Bcixi jibi];^, nojiB3yi)n;flxcfl 
xejiisHBiMH AoporaME a'a nepeABBseHia. 06jier^eHie nojunoeoe oo- 
CTaBJia.110 rpa btomi noHHseBie lofi ^bcth njiaTBi, ROTopaa aBiaeTca 
rocyAapcTBeflBUM'B HajoroMi. Bcero EpyitH'i^e 8to noHBaceHie oRasa- 
jiiocB flflu Dacca acnpoBi) nepBUxi) AByxi RjiaccoBx — npeacA^ ohh ynjia^jn- 
aajDH' BX BBA'fa rocyAapcTBeHBaro najnora 25 npoi^eflTOBi npo'i^sAHcft 
BjaiBi, TenepB btb nopua Ha3HaHeBa 6ujia bi 15%, rbr^ ajia nac- 
esacEpcB'B TpeaBjBio EJiacca. Ecjih }iu yncMCBeM'B o ncBBseBiH ncni- 



IM FYCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

mwh CB npHBEJueriS sa H3o6p'lTeHifl, onpeffimeiaixi hobsmi ycra- 
Box'B npHBHiJieriflX'B, 1 injfl 1896 r., h o noHHseHiH ci 2 k. ao 
V) B. sa sojiOTHHK'b Dpo6HpHoft nonumHS, no hobomj npoiiEpHOHj 
ycTaBj 11 Mapia 1896 r., — to Hc^epnaem Boi o6jieweHia no rpynni 
aonufHH'B, nocjii;iOBaBiniji sa 2V, nociijsjBie ro^a, KOTopurb Kacaerca 
vjarjeuui AOuaA^ MHHCTpa 4>BBaHC0Bi. 

Bb oCiiacTH npflMoro oOjioaseHifl AOKJraA'B ysasHBaerb sa nocitAO- 
BaBmee no HaHn^ecTy 14 Mas 1896 r. noHHseme Ha 10 jrbTB OKia^a 
rocy;i(apcTBeHHaro Haiora, Tam, r;rb owb ho npeBumas'B 10 k. ctl 
xecHTHHH, Ha noAOBHHy, a fi^s rbxi ry6epHift, rflfk cpexHiK ORiaj^ 
CHjit 6ojr*e 10 K.-— ;^o 5 k. ci ;^ecaTHHH. Bt CHJiy woft jibfoth hbi 
npeacHflro OEJia^a vb 13,2 h. p. cjiaraercfl c*b 1896 r. exeroAHO obojo 
7,5 M. p. Ha TOTB se cpoKi noHHacoHH (Ha 1 m. p. b'b o6meft cyMMt) 
B anajiorE^Hue rocy;^apcTB6HHOMy noBeMeiBHOiry najsory cfiopii Vh 
ryCepHiflX'B i^apcTBa noiBCRaro. Bci yRasaHHHfl Btnne oSJier^oHiji 
KacaiHCB TaKHXi BHAOBi o6jios6Hii[, KOTopufl — KaKOBO 6hs. HH 6uso 
HXi* SHaqeHie jifis vbTb rjlr hhux'b ot;c&'bhhx'b rpynirb niaxejiBmH- 
KOBi — 6ojn>mofi pom B^ o6mefl cyMici HaioroBi He nrpaDTB. XIcht- 
pom TflsecTH npflHoro o6jio»eHifl ABJumTca BUKynnfiie njiaiesH. IIo 
OTHomeHiD si* aroMy BH^y nazoroBi wb xouaA^^ MHHHorpa ^HHan- 
ooBi yKasBTBaercfl na jsfii irbpu, HanpaBXHeMua bi ero odiieraeHiB; 
HMeHHo Ha pasptmeHHyi) BasoHOiTB 7 ^eBpau 1894 r. orcpo'wyi h 
paacpo^By HeAOHMOKi, HaKOiiHBmHxcA no BHsynHUJTB niaiesairB, i 
Ha ysaKOHeHie 13 Haa 1896 r., paBpimaDn^ee laKyn nepecpo^Ry h 
OTcpo^Ky H AJiA KanHTajiBHoft cytfHH BHsynnoro Aosra; nooxbAHee 
yaaKOHeHle AonycKaerB bt» HSBicTHux'B oiy^aaxi* h ntooTopoe no- 
HHsenie Tosy^aro nponieHra no BUKynnoHy AOJiry. 

06a npHBeAeHHuxi irbponpiflTia no oTHomeHix) jsrb BUKynHim 
jULBnexBWh He HOCflTB Ha ce6t xapaKiepa ofiniaro, cajiomHoro ofiier- 
^enifl, pacnpocTpaHflK)n^arocH na bod coBosynnocTB njiaTeJiBoiHKOB'B. 
H vh TOWby H Bi APyroHi esjisA saKOffB OTspHBaerB toibko eos^ 
MOotcHoam npnirtHeHiH ycTaHaBjiHBaeMEiX'B hitb xhwrb wra rfaxi ot- 
dtMtMHXh nAameMtvmKoeh (ceieHift h cejBcsHX'B o6n^ecTBi>), soTopuH 
6yAyTB npHSHanu HyxAaion^HHHOfl vh o&ierqeHiH co CToponii M^cTHurB 
i^HHHHCTpaTHBHux'B yqpesAeHifi, BtAaK>n^HX'B HaoTOfln^HirB A'i^oirB. 
Otb Toro, HacKOJiBKO mnpoKo h npaBHjn>HO bth y^pesAOHUi boohoib- 
syDTcanpeAocTaBJieHHHH'BHirB npaBOJTB, 6yAeTB saBHciTB creneHB a^H- 
CTBHTOJEBHaro oSjier^eHiH, BOTopoe noji[y^HrB specTBaHCEoe Haceieni^ 
OTB npHMiHeHifl HasBaHHurB ysaKOHeHift. ^o ohxi* nopi en^e cjA- 
Aofb aioro bb onySjraKOBaHHHX'B jifiMSsrb o nocrynieHiH BUKynHKr^ 
njiaiesefl ne Hono oSnapysHTBOH. 

Mu nepecMOTpiiH Bcb yRasaHifl niHTyeMaro AORJiraAa o tou*b, tto 
cA^JiaHO sa nocj['&AHie vojs;bl no OTHomeHuo ex npeofipaaoBaHin na- 
jioroBi H o6j[Br?eHiD AJiA HaoeiieHifl no^aTHoro 6peMeHH. UpHBexeH- 
HHlli nepe^BHB nosBOJiflerB cA^JiaTB tojibeo oahhi o6n^itt bhboai&, sto 
HMeHHO— vro sa^a^a laRoro npeotfpaaoBaHiH i^'&iHKoirB en](e npHnaK- 



XPOHHKA BHyrPEHHSS SH8HH. 113 

lexHTb GjKTmewj. JSfi ohts nopx loi mrteiTB imnL psffi oT^^iuBHurb 
^aomHKXB Mftpi, He o6ieAHHeHHEn7b HexAT co6ok) oxehitb o6imvb 
niaHoiTb H coBoin He saTporaBaDnicHXi npn otoitb rftrb bhaobi 
o6ioseHifl, KOTopHe HMenHO oocraBJuiDTB riaBHoe ocHOBaHie namei 
aaioroBoi CHcreioi. Gavaa paspatforaHHaa noAaiHafl pe^opiia, ecu 
6u OHa orpaHHiHBaiaoB oahod toju^ro oSjiacTBD npHHoro ofiioxeHiH, 
He moTjLBrCu AOCTHraiB q&nH, Tasi KaRx, noBTopaeii'Bi i^eHrpi lasecTH 
noAaTHoro 6peHeHn, lesan^aro na HaceieHiH, oocraBiflDTL naioni 
KOcecHHue. 

no oTHomeHiio Kb arot rpyiint najioroBi vh Aouajlt MHHHcrpa 
^HHaHooBi HU He HaxoAHiTL yEasaHifi Ha saEifl ih6o BHOoineHHua 
yse HJiH npoeETHpyeHHfl oOjierqeHifl aih naceieHifl. MexaHHSJTB Koe- 
BeHHaro ofiiosenifl (conacHO Tofl toirh spiHiH, otb KOTopoi . hgxo- 
fffiTb odHa^eHHHH Vb sToiTB jifi^BjLdii^ TeopeTH^ecKifl coo6paseHi£ 
cpaBHHTejiBHOH'b AOOTOHHCTfit pasjiH^HUxx THnoBi HaioroBi) cam Vb 
ee6b otfiaAaerB HaBieiHHVH CBOftcTBaMH, KOTopua aphboahtb njutTesa 
Bi> cooTBicTBie cb njiaTesHUMH cpeACTBami — cootBfcTCTBie, Roropoe 

npHXOAHTCfl JCraHOBJIflTB HBBHib HaXOrOBl npflHHX'L. 

<KocBeHHHe HajiorH — ^HTaeirB mh vb Aoui^i no pocHHCH Ha 
1897 r., — npH Bcbxi cbohxi* HeAOctaTKax'B, npe;i[OCTaBifli)Tb nia- 
TOJEL^HKaMx BOSHOscHocTb ^OBOjiBHo HiBpoKaro ooo6pa80BaHiH luaTeseft 

He TDJIBKO CI C^tnfiWh TpOBHeiTB CBOefi X03flftOTBeHHOft SaSHTOHHOOTH, 
HO H CB BpOHeHHHMH ROJLeSaHiflMH Vb npE6UTRaX'b. dlHlTB BOCLHa 

;q[>aroi^lHHiiirB cBOficTBOiTB He ofiiaAamrB npaxHe naiorn h noinraHH. 
^ase npH caMofi coBepmeHHOfi opraHHsaipH npaiioro o6jioseHiH, oho 
iHor^a He kosen Hst^fisaiB piSRaro HecooTBiTCTBiA oRiaAOBi oi 

HaJLHHHUMH XOafliCTBeAHMH JCJIOBlflMH lUaTeilBII^HROBL. H OCIH Bl> 

OTHomeaiH aoxoaobi 6ojr&e hjeh Menie npo^Enxi h nocroAHHiixi 
MOSHO eme ;^ocTHrH7TB niROToparo ooBepmeHCTBa npHMoro o6jioxeHiji, 
TO wb OTHomeniH aoxoaobi ho o6e3neqeHHUX'B, RoieGjoDn^Hxcfl, npa- 
Moe o&ioseHie bx hhuxi cjiyqaaxii HeiuiHyeMO aojUSho noposA&TL 
HecnpaBeAXHBUfl h nenocHJEBHUfl oTflron^eHia. Mes;iy riwb Aoxojm 
on xjrb6onaineoTBa, cej[BCRBXi> sapaCoTROBi, oTxessxi) npoHHCJioB'B 

H T. n. CraTOft HMeHHO H OTJIH^aDTCfl SHa^HTeiBHEIM'B HeDOOTOHHCTBOlTB, 

3aTpyAfiflH)niHirB h ycxaHOBJieHie, h BSHMame HeHSMiHHUXi oRJiaAOBi. 
EcjiH npEHHTB BO BHHMame, ^To Aoxopi orpOHHUmefi HaccH na- 
mero HacejreHifl o6jiaAa]DTB TaROBUMH cBoAcTBaMH, to HeAsa He 
npHSHaiBy ^0 ROCBeHHoe o6jioseHi6 aojisho HirbTB rjaBencTByDmee 
Mtoro Bi* Hameft noAaTHoft cflCTeni'. 

Pa36epexcH h'6croj[bro bi npHBeAOHHUX'B coo6paseHiflX'B. 

Bi RasAOMi Haiort nysHO pasjrauTB ABi cTopoHu: ero oyniHOCTB 
H ero ^opuy. IIo cymecTBy cBoeiiy Hajiorb cocxaBJiaerB HSBtoxHoe 
nosepTBOBanie, HSBicTHUii Bu^erB hs'b HMyn^ecTBa OTAixBHaro inqa 
Ha jAOBJieTBopeHie o6n^eoTBeHHBirB HaAoCnooreft, h spHTOinb bhiotb 
iipHHyAHTejn>Hiifl. 8Ta npHHyAHTeiBHooTB HMierB pasma oxeneHH 
H paBHiifl ^pMU. Boero fiesyciOBHie oHa bi npaMOiTB ofiiosenm — 

M 1. o«x«n n. 8 



lU P7CCK0B BOTiOCTBO. 

S^Cb H paSlltpH H CpOKH B3V000B% OUpOA'i^DTGa HSBEt B ofilSa- 

tejiLBH AU BJsaTeib^BKOBi, BesaBHCHBO 0Tb Kaurb 6U TO BB 6iU0 
» BXb cTopoBU A'i^fl<^TBi&. Bi KocBeBBoiTb o6joaefliB npBByABiejKbBiift 
xapaKiepb npoflBJiBeTCB bi 6oj[te OMBrqeHBol ^opirb. 3A'6cb jnitaTa 
jiajiora ofiycjLOBxeBa noTpe6jieBiein> ofijioseBBBixi npeAMOTOBb bib 

BUnOIBOBieHb KBRBXI BBdjAb aSTOBl, MOMOBTb KOTOpUXl itpBBBaeTCfl 

noBOAOHb Ki DpeATBBJireBiK) Tp66oBaBiB CO CTopoBii f^HCKa. niaxeib- 

mBKl MOSerb, TaRBMl 06pa80Ml>, Bb BtKOTOpUXl CJiy^aflX'b OOBCtlTb 

BsGirB^Tb Baiora b eme laiQe Moxerb peryiBpoBaTb no cBoeiiy 
ycMOTphBiD cposb ynjiaru Baiora. yujauBaercB KocBeBBufi Baiorb 
6oj[bmeH) lacTbD Bb cocTast nibuu aoTpefijuieMaro TOBapa, nuTexb- 
lE^BKb Be npflxoABTb Bb BeaocpoACTBeBBoe oTOiRBOBBBie 0% aroBraiiB 
^Bosa B Be flcuuTUBaerb ci BXb cropoBH rbxb sosAtficTBift b no- 
BysAeBift, cb KOTopuMn conpflraeTefl BducKaaie apBMuxb c6opoBi b 
KOTopuB A'i^auTb BBorAa cbmuA npoueccb BToro BsucKaBiB KpatBe 
TBsejEuiTb, a BpeveBaMa b passopHTOibBUMb. 

Ho BTB (|)<>pMajnBUfl npeBMymecTBa RocBeBBuxi BaioroBb oo- 

eABBBDTCfl CO MHOraMB BpyilflUBB A^4^^KTaMB Bb OTBODieBiB MaTOpiBA- 

BOMi. KocBeBBue BBjoFB BO caMoMy cyn^ecTBy ropasAO MOBte npa- 
UiAYb DOiiAaioTCB Tpe6oBaBieHb paenoMnpHaxo uxh pacnpednMrnn^ 
coo6pa3BO Cb AocTaTEBMB HJiaTeiiLmuROBb. ^To6u BMi^Tb cepbosBoe 
SBaqoBie ajib ^^bcrb, Bajorx AOJiseab nopaBcaxb npoABeTEi MaceoeiAO 
nompeGAeHiM, TojibRo npB aruub ycjosifl OHb Moacerb npBBocBTb Rpyii- 
BbiH cyMMBi nocTyaiieBiB; Bopa3Mt,pu aoTpe6jieBiii TaRBXb npeAMeTOBi 
BBRaRb Be Mdryrk cjysBTb npnsBaRoirb creneBB oocTOBTeAbBOCTB 
nJoarejibniBROBb. IIao6opOTb, HtMb Bume AOxoAb njiaTejiboiBRa, rbwb 
MCHhiuyio AOJiK) B^ ero oGmeHb 6K>AseTb cOcTaajraerb pacxoAb bb 
norpeOjieflie odjoaReaBUXb RocpenHUMB c6opaMB DpoAyRTOBi, tbri tto 
rjiBBBtftinit) BBAU R*iCB*^>iBuiXb BafODBb BeB3&b»B0 pacijpeAiJiBDTCB 
MesAy BBcejeBieBb ^npatnno nponopuionoAhno mi* njiareaBofi coo- 
co6boctb. jl,aaRe b Bajioni bb npeAMeTu pocRomB se nyacABi BToro ae- 
AOCTBTRa, TBRi RBRb B OHB aopascaiOTb TOibRO AUHHoe nompeOAeHie^ 

ROTopOe, RBRb B, BOOfioie, BCBRlfl paCXOAV BOJIbSfl 611^6 CqBTaTb Btp- 

BUMb DORasaTeJievb pasBtp^Bb A<'XOAa b BMymecTBa uaTe^bmaRa. 
CepbedBaro 4>B<^KBJibBaro BBaqeaiA uaiiorB bb apeABeru pocRoniB bb- 
FAt, BDpoqeMx, ae BM'lK)rb (a TiMh Cojite wb BaiiieMb 6x)AxeTt): BApo 
RocBeaaaro ofijioaceBia aesAt b BcerAa cooTaBJUinrb Bajtora sa npex- 
xeTU BaccoBoro ooTpefijieBUi. 

DpfAno^TBTejibBaeTb RcCBCBHuxb Baj[oroBi> o6ioaceBifl npeAi» npa- 
MUMB BucTynaeib nodroHy TBMb, rAt 4>^pMajibButt MOMearb o6Joxe- 
Bifl nojiyqaeTb noqeMy ih6o oco^eflBo aasaoe SRaieaie, b rAt, bb- 
o6opoTb, yperyjBp( Banie MaTepiajihBoA cTopoBU o^iosesifl ycrpaBfleTCB 
fl8i> BBAa^x 4>BCRa;ikflufi nOdDBTBKR. KorAB paaMttpH o6jioseBifl ciBin* 
ROMb OTaroTHTeJii.Bbi A^B BuceJueHifl B RorAB Bd BBJiorB — B npBBue 
B RocaeBBue— BceK) caueio Taxecibio jioxaTca aa MBJioAocTaTOVBiiUi 
M&ocu BBcaieBiB,— oOJierqefiie, ROTopoe nojiy^airrb uaTeibo^BRfl on 



XPOHHSA BHyrPBHHBft »I[3HH. US 

^!BO3MOXHO0TH coo6pa30BaTb cpoKu uaTesa o:b ESiiiaeHieici bi CBoeiTK 

.^OCTaTR'h H B'b OBOHX'b UOAJ^QBisa'bf UOSerB HHtTb JUJIH HSX'b O^eEh 

^oju»moe 3Ha?esie. To^ho Tasaca npa Rpa&aeiii HecoBapoieHCTBi jtl 
npoi^eccaxi BsaifaHifl npflHux'B HaioroB-b, oooGesHO npa buookom'k 
nxi OKjraA^— OTbcHesifl ako. Haoejieaifl Morjrb fiirrb xas^b BdJiuii, 

^TO SaCAOHflTb COSOH) APT^® HOlCeHTU KiJUk. 

Uo I Bi 8THXI oiy^aaxi npeHMfn^ecTBa KOCBesHurb HajroroBi 
ABJUDTCfl Becbica OTHocHTejn>HUMS. He oitj^yeTb yaycRaTb ssx bhaj, 
4T0 xapasTepi npHHyAHxejibHocTH, OBotCTBeEHBifii caHOKy noHflTiH) na- 
Jiora, H6 ycrpaHfleTOfl, a TOJn>Ko ciiflrqaeTGfl B'b KocBeHHOirb ofijioxeHiH. 
H^j^Byib Tasejiaro Haiora hosho toako €B03AepsaaieM'b» onnoT- 
pe6jieHifl ofijioseHHux'b npeAHeroB'b uh coKpan^eaietfb BToro norpeS- 
jieRifl. Ho BbA^ lasoe BOSAepsaaie oauo flBJULercii BUHysAOHHiiirb, 
TaKi iTo MOMearb npeHysA^sifl xoibso nepeHOCHToi hsi o^Hoft c^pu 
Bi APy^y^- Sarbux ae Bcer^a BOSAepsaHle n ocyn^eoTBHiio peaibHO, 

XOTfl 4^0pMaiIbH0 OHO E BO BJEaOTH lUaTeJIbQHKa. C'b ApyroS OTOpOHH, 

6CJLS Kocfieaflue HaiorH . jier^e yniawBaoTOfly to ohh h lerae esu^ 
juaKmcH. fl,jui $HORa >8to oaHuS yAoSsuft hcto^hbsi no OBoeft dia- 
€TaHflocTfl. PdCuiBpeaie aaAoroBuxi Tpe6oBaHifi bi aaaiieHie ptsso 
omyraMOft ^opat aocthsbmo, BMeaao, npa KocaeaaoMX o6ioseHiH. H 
Wb dTOu-b jiesaxb eABa-jia ae rAaaaaa onacaocTb cacTeioi Kooaeaaurb 
aaJioroB^b. Saaacaapofiaaaaa a ae BBiCTynaDn^aa ptsao aapysy o6pe- 
xeaaTeibaocTb aaiora ae A^aeica tfcitACTBie droro aeate peaibaon, 
ao oaa ropasAo Maa'be o6paii;aeTb aa ce6a aaaiiaaifl a ee xerqe 
npocaorpttb Hjia araopapoaaTb. 

BuTb noqeay cacTeua oSjioseaia, Taai plmaTeibao onapana^aaoa 
aa KocBeasue aajiora oi rjiaBatftniax'b npeAKeioB'b MacooBoro noTpe6-' 
jieaia, aaai bto au BHAaai bi aameMi 6K)AxeTi, aasasi ae no- 
•sen 6uTb npaaaaaa aopaajibaoK), a saAa^ mapoaoft noAaiaoft pe- 
4»opa£i ae nepecraerb 6mb aacroHTejibaoD a aeoiJiosaoD, ae oaorpa. 
fla 6jiecTaa^ie pesyjEbTaxu OBOAeaia dDAseTauxi 6axaaooBb. 

H. AHHeHCKiH. 



8* 



116 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 



031) inBeflu;apiH. 



MajeHbEaK UlBefiuapia co cbobu'l TpexMBJUiioHHUM'B HacejreHieH'B. 

4IBJrfleTCH CJBinROMl BeSBaHBTeJIBHHM'B FOCyjLapCTBeflHHlfB opraHHB- 

MOH%, ?To6ii HrpaTL coBepmeBHo caMOCXOflTejiHyK) poiB na apee^ 
eBponefiCKOfi noaBTBSH. OBpy^KeHHaji TasBMB Moryii^ecTBeBBiiMH h 
BJiiflTeJikHHifH cocixBMB, RBR^B $paBiuii,* TepMaBifl, ABCTpifl H Era- 
zis, MBjieHBBafl ajiBnificRaji pecny6jBRa se MOSeTi» a Aase ne nii- 

TaeTCfl XOTii 6(1 B'B B'J^ROTOpOfi CTeoeBB nOBJSiflTB Ha XOA'b MipOBHX'B^ 

co6BTii. Efl roiooa ne cjiuniHO b'b eBponeScBoiTB ROHi^epxi. Ecjih 
msefiiiapieft h BBTepecyDTCA b^b ocTaibHofi Esponi, to sMtDn b'b. 

BHX7 HJU RpaCOTH CH BpflpOAH, BJIB paSJIB^HUJI CTOpOHM 62 RyiB- 

TjpHoft acBBHH, BB ycntxB Ba nonpBni,i BBBBjiBsai^iB. Ecjh bt, cb- 
poneficRofi npecci roBopaT'B o DlpefluapiH, to 9to npoBCxoABTi* o6h- 

RHOBeHHO B'B JI'i^TBie M'bCBmi, BO BpCMH RBHBRyj'b, ROF^a B% IIlBefl- 

iiapiH coCBpaDTCJi pasjBHBHe Bay^BHe hjb jiaTepaTypHHe RonrpeccH.. 

Tn,Kh, FaBpBH^P'B, BOCJli^BBB SeBCBCRBA BlfCTaBRa E COnpOBOSRAaB- 

mie ee cl'^sau o6pan^aJui Bceofisiee BBBMasie na IIlBefin,apiiD. Ho 
npomja BHCTaBRa, h BSB'i^cTifl bs'b DlBefii^apiB bo^tb coBepmenHO 
Hc^esjrB CO ctoj^ixob'b noBpeHeHHuxi BSAaaifl. HysHO sAaTb RaRoro 
HB6yAB ceHeanioHBaro co6»Tiji b:b po^i B86ieHifl BTajibAHueB'B b'b 
I^iopHxt HJiH. quasi-peBOJirouiH b% Tccchb*, hto6vi o IIlBeftuapitt 
CHOBR saroBopHJiH. 

MeTRjLj T^Mi> B'b niBeJiuapiH ohcbb mhopo b^ BHcmefi CTeneHH 
H^Tepccnaro h noyiBTeJibHaro a Bt uojBTBHecROMT. oTHomeniB. Ca- 
Mafl nojiBTBHecRa;! opraHBsai^ifl btoS cTpasbr^ ne noxoscaa na BBy- 
TpeHHee ycTpoflcrBO ocTajibBux'b rocyAapcTBi) Sana^Hofl EeponH, sa- 
cji^SBBaeT'b oco6eHHaro BBBHaHifl. B'B IIlBefiiiapiB ecTb i^'i^jiufi P^A'b. 
ycTanoBjieBifi h saROHOBi, ROTopue (])flrypBpyK)T'B bi nporpaKHax'B 
paBjrBHHTjxT sanaiHO-eBponefiCRBX'B sapTiA noRa enie TojibRo B'b Ra- 
TCCTB* TpefioBaHiff, Ha CRopoe ocyn^ecTBjeBie ROTopHxi BaAeaxw 
Majo (pe(|)epeHAyMT&, BBHn^iaTHBa, nponopi^ioHaJibHaB no^a^a' rojio- 
coBi H T. A.)- niBe^uapiB BuojiHi^ 6iiaronojryqHo paspi^majTa Baiiio- 
HajibFHfl BOiipocij, KOTopafl BTF» APyrBx-B rocy^apcTBax-B co cMiraaH- 
HHH*B HaceJieHieMi nrpaeT'b enie ao cbxi nop^ TaRyio BUAaioni^yDcs 
pojib H BBjrBeTCB TopHaaoHi npfl ocymecTBjieHiH BajKHux'b bojibth- 
^ecRBXT, couiajibHUX'b H BROBOMH^ecRBX'b pe4)opMi. Boo6n^e, pasjHH- 

HHH npOBBJlOHifl BOJIHTH^eCROfi JRBSBH IIlBeill^apiH BHtK)T7> CBOft 

cnei^H^B<iecRifi, . BBOJiflt opHrBHajbHud xapaRTep%, hto o6xacHaeTC» 

n4MH HCRJIDHHTeJILHIIMH yCJIOBiflMH, Bl ROTOpHA 6HJia BOCTaBJeaa 

rejiBBeTHHecRafl pecny6jiHRa B'b Te^eaie Bcefi csoefi HCTopiB. 

IBb HamBX'B nncbMax'b mu dy^eii'b snaROMHTb qaxaTejiefi «Pyc- 



H31 niBEfil^APIE. 117 

^Karo BoraiCTBa* npeHMymecxBCHHo ci> uoxnTmecnoi atHSHBi) IHBefl- 
<xnapiH, KaM MOHBine Bcero naBicTHoft pyccKofi ny6jHaft, npH^eMi 
HaMi HepijiiKo npHicTca npH6'6raTi» kti DCTopiiqecKoify ocBtmeHiro 

paSJjnHHX'B CTOpOHTi COBpeMeHHOft fflBCflliapeKOfl ;^i&fiCTB!ITeJII»HOCTH. 

CaMHMT* Bwj;aK)in;aMca coCnTieM'b bo BHytpeHHefl nojaTHRt niBefl- 
i^apia 3a nocji*AHeo speMa aBiaroxca HecoMH^HHO bh6oph vb na- 
lUoHajftHpft coBtTi (Nationalrath), KOTopHe b^ btom'b ro;i;y chjibho 
aaMHyjACB, 6jraro;iapfl j^ByxapaiTHOiiy AonojHHTeJBHOMy HsSpaHiro 
i(K)pHxcsaro AeoyraTa. SKeJiaa nosaasonHTL Hamax'B qaTaTeieft ci» 

TOJIBKO HTO 06Hap0;i;0BaHHElMH peSyjBTaxaMH BEl6opOBB; MU AOJISSBI 

npesAe csa3aTB h'&cko.ibko cjiob'b o napTifiHSX'B OTHOineHiax'B niBefi- 
i^apia H ea napjiaMeaxapasMi BOo6ate; axe sToro HairB sysao 
AaxB KpaTKifi o63op'B Toro Hcxopaqecaaro npoi^eccay peayxBTiiTOH'B 
KOToparo flBHica coapeMeHHufi noiHTHHecRifi cTpofi IIlBefii^apiB. 

nocji'6 naAeaifl AHHacTia roreBinTay(i)eHOB'B bo BctrB repnaHCSHX'B 
senjiax'B CTaiH BOSHHsaTB cuyTti, sotophmh ae saveAJniEH BOcnoA- 
'^OBaTBca 4)eoAaj[Ei» ciapaacB Bcaaava apaBAava a HeapasAaBfa yse- 
juiHHTB H oapyrxBTB CBOH BjiaA'baifl. 3to aciSBaio Baojnt noeaTHUft 
OTnopi CO cTopoHU ropoAcaoro nacejeaia, aoTopo& CTaio opraaa- 
BoaaTBca ji,j[B aaa^aTu ofia^axi aaTepecoBB. TaaaM'B ofipasoicB bos- 
HHiuH coK)3u npapeflHCKa];:!! a mBa6caax'B ropoAOBB, TaaaBiB se 
nyTeMi sapoABiacB a nepaaa aqeflaa coBpeMeaaoft maefii^apcKOft 
pecny6j[DRa. HMeaao, bi noitOBaat XIII ct. Tp^ ropaux'B ospyra, 
pacaojLoseaaux'B no Ceperam (j[>HpBajiBniTeTCKaro osepa (IIlBai^'B, 
Tpa B YaTepBajiBAeHi), sasjiDHajiB 001031 AJ^a 6opB6u cb yraeTaa- 
ineft HX'B KjaAniefl (MeaJieadyprcsofi) jaaiefl ra6c6yprcK0fi AsaaOTia. 
-XoTfl nacejieaie dTflxi Tpex'B aaaxoaoBB ae aoxoabio ao 30000, 
OAHaao, MjaAmaa xaaia ra6c6yproB'B ae vorjta ci aam cnpaauTBca, 
no3TOMy oaa ycryaajia CBoa npaaa hjib, B'&pa'be, npexeasia^ rjiaai 
^rrapmefl Jiaaia radcdypiOBB, PyA0J[B4)y. drony yAajocB caosa noA- 
HHBHTB naceaeaie Tpex'B CTpoaxaBuxi aaaxoaoB'B BAacxa axaepa- 
TOpa, flo KorAa PyAOiBct^'B yuepB a ai repaaaia bobbbkib acesAy- 
yco6ui, maefiiiapE^Bi BOcaojEBSoaajiBCB axairB b BOSofiaoBaAa coDsi 
Tpex'B RaHTOaoB'B. Ha axoxi pas'B cyAB6a bmb, bbabmo^ 6jaroapiaT- 
'CXBoaajia. Qocji'6 n'bcaojiBsax'B aobojbho HeyA^^aux'BDOaciTOK'B oaa» 
uasoaeii'B, coaepnieBBo ocBo6oAaJiacB oxi axacxa an aepaxopoB'B. Ko- 
€jA 6axBu npa Moprapxea'^ (1315) saxejiB xpexB aaaxoaoa^B aa- 
BoerAa oxa^abjibcb oxi FepMaaia. Codbb xpexx RaaxoaoB'B aaiiji'B 
xapaaxep'B hbcto o6opoBaTejBBoft epraaasai^iB. aKaxeja Ypa, HlBBi^a 
H yaxepBajBAeaa aoRiajiacB noMoraxB Apyr^B Apyry ai 6opB6:& cb 
ofini^BM'B BparoM'B, npa qeai'L Bayxpeaaia A'biA aaacAaro Kaaxoaa 
^asptmajEBCB coBepmeaao aedaBacaifo ot'b a'^i'b Aayxi Apyraxi aaa- 
TOBOB'B. BoBBBRaaaiia se uesAy oxA'i^JiBaiitfB saaxoaaMa aeAopasy- 
Jiiaia pasp-bmajiBCB cyAOM'B cxaptfiniBai. 9xorB cyA^ aajaexca xa* 
JKBM'B oCpasoMi sapoAumeM'B Teaepemaaro coDBaaro coaixa. 

Bcaopt K'B xpeifB ropauifB saaxoaain cxaja apacoeAaaaxBca. 



118 PyCCKOB BOrATGTBO. 

^ipyrie ospyrB. TaB^, bi 1332 r. k'b hbui DpuMRByji'B JIiDiiepBi,. 
jieBfltfiawaTB ji4ti cBycTJi — l^ropax^, b'b cjri^tyrmeMi rojiy — Fja- 
pyc%H^y^^, e, HaKOHem, hT> 1353 r. — Eepa-B. 9th BoceMb KaeTO- 
BOBi o6pa80BajiH coDBi pTapux'b seuejB (der alten Orte), cynie- 
CTBOBaBmijB bo^tb fies^ bc^rbx'b BSM^BeBiii B'BTe^eHie bohth nojy- 

TOpHXB CTOJ^Tlfi. 3a 8T0 BpeUfl euy UeOAHOEpaTSO BpBXOUBJIOCb BOA- 

BepraTBca (^ojiiniofi oBacBocTB, b tojieo nijiJAi pajii Bo6i>A'B, oiep- 

SaSBUXB CODSBBMH BOfiCKaUB, OCeSBe^BJI'B euy HeSaSBCBMOCTB.. 

EasAufi EaHTOHB BOBpesBeify coxpaBBj'b BOJiByio BByTpeBBDD 

CaHOCTOflTejIBBOCTB, BSaflMBHB Se OTBOBieflifl OTJlfkjShBJiX'h SaBTO- 
HOBl BOpMBpoeajIBCB BeCBMa BBCJOXnUMB BPCTaBOBjeBiaXB. Ea»- 

Aufi sasTOBi 6e7J['b o6fl3aB'B BOMoraTB bcI^hb ApyreicB b'B Boes- 
Hoe BpeMii, BOCTaBJTjiA flSBi^CTBoe ROJiBMecTBO BoScRa. BcaRie- 
cnopii H BeAopasyiiiBiji, BosBBRaBmifl ne^Ay AByna RaHTOBaMH^. 
AOiXHii 6hjIb paap^BiaTBc^ uoj[H)6obbo. SasBTepecoBaHBiifl cTopoBu 
Biii6BpajB BO ABa speACTaBBTej^ EasAaji; stb BpeACTaBBTeJB bh6h- 
paJB qeiBpexB bouobi.bbrob'b, b a^Jio ptoajiocB coo($Bia. ^btojib. 
OABoro RaHTOBa BOJiBSoeajicB bc^mb BpasaMB b'b Apyrous, ecjH oh'b 
TyAa BOBBAaJT, hto 6Hao ocofieiiBo bbskbo AJa ToproBuxi cBonieBifl 
nesAy xaflTOBauB. EaBTOBu 6ujib ofiasaBu BUAasaTB BpecTynsB- 
KOBii OABBi APyroMy. HoBHfi HjieBB coDsa Mora 6htb bpebht^b 
TOJBRO CB corjacia Bcixt fixoAflniBxt b'b cocTaBB coroaa RaBTO- 

HOB'B. 

B'B A*SCTBBTeJBBOCTB C0H)3l BOCBMH RBBTOBOBl BpCACTaBJTBJ'B. 

BSi ce6B coBepBieBBO cauocToaiejiBBoe locyAapcTBo, Hero OABaRO-^ 
repvaHCRie HMBepaTopu Be seJsajiH BpBBsaBaTB. XIobutrb Bosapa- 

TBTB CODS'B BB COCTaBB BpOBHBUifi repBaBCEOfi BHflepiB He BpBRpa- 

H^EDTca AO ROHua XY CT. £orAa BMsepaTopB MaRCBUBJiiaBB I ycTa- 
HOBBAB BB 1495 F. TaRB BasuBaeHufi B^sBufi MBpB, oBB cTapajica> 
noAHBBBTt> B fliBefliiapcRifi codsb piaieBijiiiB BHoepaTopcRaro cyAa. 
(Reichskammergericlit). Oabbro bto emy Be yAajocfc, h ohb Cujii^ 
npBByacAeBB spBSBaTb BOJiHyK) HesaBBcavocTB coDsa otb repMaacROft^ 
HHBepiB, HTO ROHCTaTBpoBa;iB 6a3ejiBCRifi TpaRTaTB (1499). Bb robi^% 
XV H Bi Ba^aAi XVI ct. rb coK)8y bpbcocabbbjiocb eni,e bbtb rbh- 
TOBOBB, a HMe^Ho: $pefl6ypr% a CoAOxypHB (1481), BaseJiB e 
ina4)4>ray8eBB (1501) n AaueBueAB (1513). Bb btohb cocTaai^ mBeS- 

I^apCRifl CODSB BpOCyn^eCTBOBaAB BOHTB TPB CTOA'^xiB. 

Bb TCHeHle Bcero btofo BpeMCHB DlBefluapia CHjra, co6cTBeBRO- 
roBopii, coDBOHB TOcyAapcTBB (Sta^atenbund), noTOMy hto BcaEifl b3b. 

efl XaHTOBOBB CUA'B BB Cyni,B0CTB COBepmeBHO CaHOCTOaTejBHBU'B 

TOcyAapcTBOMB. ^4jio aoxoabjio AO Toro, HTO, BaBpDMipB, BO Bpeua 
pei))opiiaKiH B'lEOTopKe bbb ebhtobobb 8aEjiK)HajiB MesAy co6ofr 

001)311 B 06bABJIBJIB BOfiBy APyrBMl RaBTOBBMB. EfOJIBTBHe-^ 

CRaa opraBBsaiiiB BHyTpeBsefi sbsbb b'b pa3j[BHBUx*B rbhto* 
Hax'B npBBBvajia pasBootipasBuxr ^^opuBi. Bo bcIxb EasTOBaxB roc- 
noACTBOsaja pecBjGABRaBCRaB ^op&ia npaBJiesiB, bo ona bbaobbb^^ 



H31 bibeKi^fih. 119 

HfljracB, coo6pa8HO Touy, KaRofi coiiiajii»Hufi djreMeHT'b 6ui'b j Bia- 
CTH. TaK'b, HanpBMip'b, wb stKOTopux'b BaoTOHaK'b <{)eoAajH, nox- 
AepsBBaBinie wbKorjsfii cTpeHjienie RpecTBBB^ bt. eesaBBCDMOCTB, 
yiitjH oTCTOBTb CBOfl ^iBopflHCBia npBBBJierifl B de facto saxBaru- 

BBJIB BJraCTIi BT> CBOfl pyKB. CymeCTBOBajIfl BaHTOHV, Bl ROTOpUX'B 
BC^HB A^JiaMH SaflpaBIBJIO HtCROlBRO apBCTORpaTaqecRflxx pOAOBIb. 

O^HaRO, 9T0 BHyTpeHBee pu3Boo6pa3ie hbcrojilro He'M'Imajio noji- 
flOMy eABHeHix) Bcixi kbbtohob'b, pasi A'bJO Racajocb BHTepecoBi 
Bcero cojossL. 

IIpeACTaBflTejEeM^ b coej(flBHTejii»fl»rM'B sBesoM'b Bcefi coBoaynBO- 
CTB uiBefii^apcRBX'B RaQTOflOBi Ouji ROBrpecB (Tagsatzung), saHi- 
HBBmifi npesHifi cyA'B CTaptfimBB'B. KasAufi b3i bxoa^^bx'E bi co- 
cTaB-b coDsa RasTOHOB'B BucuJiaji'b Ba ROHppecB AByxi npoACTaBBTe- 
jiefl, CHa6seHHUX'B noApoCaiiMB HBCTpyRuiaMB. Eoarpeci cofiapaica 
eaieroABO j^tomi. Owb bbjbjica npeAcraBBTejeH'B conaa bi* ][,iMVh 
BBiuiHefi nojiBTBRfl, 8aRji]DqaJii» AoroBopEi h consn cb xpyrflMB xo- 
cyA^'PCTBaMB, o6*BBBjaji'i» BofiBy a npHHBMaj^ utpu ai san^BTt coDsa. 
CaMoft se BasHOfi ero ({^yaai^iefl tiiua 3a6oTa o BnyTpeHuex'B cno- 
RofiCTBifl H nopjiAst* Eoflrpec^ Abibjcb nOcpeABBROM'B wh cjyHa'6 
KaRBXi Hfl6yAB pa8AopoBi» MesAy oxAtibHUMa RaaTOnaMB, OH'b b8- 
AaBaji o6B^ie saRonu o 6poAflSQHqecTB']^, dnflAOtfiaxx, hbii^hxi, o aep* 

COBBBiB COJAATl H T. A* 

Co6iiTia BTopoS uojobbhh Xym ct., HSK^EBBniiB caHHMi paAB- 
RajibHHHT* o^pasoMi BecB nojBTflqeCRifl cTpoS SanaABoi EaponiJ, b% 
o«ieflb cBJiBHOft CTeneHB noBjiajs h hb IIlBeBi^apiK). $paBi;y3CRaa pe- 
BOJiDuifl BHSBBJia CHjbBoe tfpoaceBie CBa^aiia bo 4>P&Huy3CREX'b rbh- 
TOflax'b niBefii^apiB, rxb Haceiesie vb cbsj o^otHocTH asuaa aer^e 
Bcero npoBHsajiocb BAeflMH, pacDpocTpasaBmBMBca bbi napasa^ a* 
Baxiifb fl B'b ocTaibBMX'b. noqBa RiaTOMy yaae 6iMa noAroTOBjieHa 
ci oABoft CTopoHs nponoB']bAi>K) SK. K. Pycco a (|)paHuy3CRBxi bb- 
n^BRjioaeABCTOBi, ct* Apyrofi — Tiwb yifCTBeHHUM ^ ABQseHieH'B, ro- 
Topoe pa3BHBaJ[ocbB'bH'6Mei^REX'b yHEBepcTeTaxiy to^ho tbrx seaaRi 
B ({^BjaHTponHqecRO-neAarorfl^ecROfl nponaraBAofl lIecTaj[0i^i].B. Kaa- 
TOEi GojOTypH'b yse bi 1785 r. ocBo6osA&€rb apecTbBH'b, ero npa- 
Mipy &x'bAyK>Ti» caycTB etROTopoe apeiifl, h Apyrie BaBTOHu. En^e 
Wb 1781 r. BO $pfl6yprcR0ii'b aaHTOE'k BCBUxaBaexi BOscTaaie ape- 
CTbaBi fl H'bn^afl'b upoTBB'b CBOeaojia n^TpBi^ieBib. 9to BoscTaaie 6ajio 
noAaaiieflO BOopyseHBHMH cBAaHB Eepea, ROTopufl 6£iJi'b Ba ace apeica 
cyniecTBoaaBia niaefiiiapifl caiiuHi peaai^ioBHiiMi RaHTOsoM'b. ^paa- 
nydcvML peaojDiua ocBo6oAflAa rjfaBBux'b Ba^aBii^flROB'b btofo bob- 
cTaflia, ROTopue no corAameaiiD ci npaaBTenCTBoiTB ^paaiiifl 6hjh 
cocJiaHH Ha rajiepii ai TyjiOH^. Bta-to mBefiiiapipi, aBBBoiBCb b'b 
Hapflsi:, saeajiflCb peaojiDi^ioHHod araTaiiiefi. Ohb cTaiiH cRJOuflTb 
R'B BosxyoieBiD cTOflBfflie bo ^pasiua BiaefiiiapcRie hojrh h bhch- 
j!aiH Ha poAHHy BossBaHia h abbc OTBasBUxi dMBccapoB'b. Kbhto- 
BajibHua npaaBTeibCTBa BcaqecRH crapaiflCb BpoTflBOAMcTBoaaTb SToft 



120 PyCCSOE BOrATCTBO. 

arHTaiuHi npn^eMi BepHi sanpaBiflXL Bcefi ROHipi^arHTai^iett. OAHaBO, 
8T0 He jAaBajiocfc. IIo seed IIlBefii];apin BCDuxHHajui BOBMyai^eHiji, h 
(f>paHi](y8CKoe npaBHTejiBCTBo otbphto nouepsHBajio BOscTaBaBioHx'b. 
HaKOHei^i; <^paHi(ifl o6%BBHj[a IIlBefiiiapiH Bofisy, saBOH^BBinyiocfl 
B8£TieMi Bepna (1798 r.). En^e panLme ot'b ]nBefiii;apcKaro consa 

OT;^BJHCb BeJIBTJIHH'B, EieBeHl H BopMCl H npHCOeABHBJIHCb JLTi 

TOJiBKo ^TO oCHOBaHHod uojk'b dTBjifiA (f^paHKyscsaro npaBBTeJibCTBa 
i^Hcajibni&CBod pecny6jiBBi, a SCeHeBa npHHBHyjta opBMO K'b ^pasi^iQ. 
12 anptjiH 1798 r. 6iua npoBosrjiameHa reejiiBeTHqecEaa pec* 
]iy6jiHBa. Bi Aapay coCpancb npeACTaBBTeJH 9-th saHTOHOB's (I^k)- 
pHxa, BepHa, JlDAepna, Baaejfl, lUacl^^^rayaeHa, 06epj[aHi(a, Bpya, 
JleHana h Apray). BtipafioraHHaji hhh KOHCTHTyi^iA ynH^Toxaia co- 

CJOBHQfl npHBHJieriB, BBOAHJia CB060Ay TOprOBJQ B BpOHHBIJieHHOCTB, 

CBo6oAy coB-bcTH H neHBTH, npauo bhochtb nexHi^iH. Oaa npHSHasajia 
paBHonpaBHOCTb Bcivh KaHTOHOBOb, yflHHTOXHia nuTsy, cnei^iajrbHiid 
Haion Ha eBpeoBx, sanpeni^eHie CMWaHHHX'b 6paB0Bi h t. a* ElBa 
jra He caHUH'B BasHSM'b marovB 6ujeo yHH^ToseHie bc^x'b <|^OAajib- 
Hiixi upaB'b. OABBKOt axa soHCTHTyi^iA He 6iiia npHSBTa BctMn 
niBefiii;apcRHMH saHTOHaiiH xsh OAeHaBOBOd cHMnaTiefi. Canue cTapHe, 

BBTOJEH^eCBie EaHTOHH, HOACTpeBaeMHe XyXOBeHCTBOlfb, BSJIJIHCb Ba 

opysio H BOBCTaan npoTHB'b $paHi];iH. Bopb6a npoAOJiasajiacb ne- 
AOiiro. BoficBa BoscTaBinax'b kohtohob^ 6sjih pasdBTii, h ohk 
SfijzLEU 6eijb npBHBTb 'BOBCTHTyuiK), Bupa6oTaHHyH) B*b Aapay» 
ByAa OHH BOBce He BHCsjiau cbohxi xeJieraTOB^B. 

dia ROHCTHTyiua 6tfjia bi* ochobhux% cbohxi Heptaxi Koaiefi c*b 
<|)paHKy3CB0d. HHAHSBxyajibHoe pa8jH?ie KaHTOHOB'B, hxi BHyTpenHiia 
aBTOHOMia — Bce bto 6ujio yHBHTOseno. EaHTOHU npeBpaTHiBCb in* 
npocTue aAHHBBCTpaTBBHue OBpyra. Bce HacejieHie 6uxo npeaBaBO 
B'b ynpaojieHiH) pecny6jiBBot. KaacAaa cothb rpaswcrb Biitfapajia' 
AOBipeHHoe jmufiy a 8tb aobI^hhuh jihiui BuciuajiH hs'b caoefi 
cpeAu JnenyTBTOB'b bi o6i BaBOHOAaTeJibHHa naiaTu: 6oibaiofl co- 
BiTb (Grosse Bath) h cenaTi. Bi dojibmofl coBtrb cHa^axa Kas- 
Aufi KBHTOHi BucHjaJH HO BocbMB AenyTBTOBi, BHOCJrfeACTBiH se 
9Ta KD^pa 6Hjia HdMiHena nponopB;ioHaibHO KOJiH^ecTBy HacejieBJa 

ABHHarO KBHTOHa. CeHaTIb COCTOBI'B BBl 6HBniHXl AHpeBTOpOB'b BBH- 

TOHOB'b H Bu6opHiix'b ABHyTaTOB'b (ho bocbmb). CeHaTopaHH HOriH 
6uTh HCBjix)?HTejibHo jiDAB, AOCTHPniie SO-jiiTHaro BOspacTa, seea- 
Tue HJiB Bj^oBi^u. AoB'bpeBHUH JHi^a Bu6Bpaj[H BB'b CBoeft cpej^H eni^e 

H UeHOB'b BaHTOHaibHHXl Cyj^OB'b H aAMBHHCTpaTHBHIIX'B HBJiarb, 

tfojibmoft coBiT'b B ceHarb H36HpajiH naTb ABpesTopoBi, soTopHe 
HasHBipjiH ^eTupexib mbbbctpobi. 

TaBaii opraHHsaaia He uona 6BrTb AOJroBtTHOD, tbicb kbri 
ona He BflTexajia opraHH^ecsH BB'b Bupa6oTaHHiix'b CTOJii^TiaNH m^ct- 
HHX'b ycjOBift. Ona 6Hjia nysxa HiBefiiiap]](aH'b yse noTovr, tto 
coBepmeHHo yHH^TOsajra MicTHyn aBTOBOMix) BaHTOHOBi. HesAy 
riwh, HO^TH KasASifi mBefliiapcKift saHTOH'b, sasx hocbobxi hcto- 



m-b mBEiu^m. 121 

pH^ecsHMi TpaAHiufliTb, TaKT* H no ByATypHOvy ypOBHD HacejieHia^ 
npoAcraBjiJiiti iiaccy HHAHBHAyajn>HHx% oco6eHH0CTeft, KOTopuH co- 
BepmeHHO HrHopHpoaajHCB cocTaBHTeiAMn soHCTHTyuiE ajisl DJoeft- 
i^apiH. IIpHTOMi caMuft 4)aKT% HacuBHaro BBeieHifl ROHCTHTyu^iH^ 
noA'B AaBJeniein HHOcrpaHHux'B boScb'b, rjyfioKo BOBHym.aji'B cbo- 
<5oAOJiK)6HBax'B mBefiAapn;eB'b. IIoaTOHy He Myjupeeo, hto cmHTaa 
^tjHMH HHTsaMH HOBaA opraHHsaipA DlBefii^piH yse oneHB cKopo 
craja pacnojsaTBCfl no lUBaH'B. B'h saBOHOAaTeJbHux'B co6paHijix% 
BOBHHiuia osecToqeHHaji 6opb6a Mesxy AeHTpaitHcrauH — ctopohhb- 
SaMH HOBOft KOHCTHTJI^iH — H $eAepajHCTaH0, oejiaBinHMH B03BpaTa 
Ki spesHefi sae^fOHaJiBHOfi aBTOHOMia. Bcsop'6 8Ta 6opB6a nepeoua 
wb Hesxoyco6HyK> Boflay. Saaif a BoscraHia oepBuiCH noxHUH DSHue 
saHTOBB. BoscTanie pacnpocTpaHHiocB xoboxbho 6iicTpo, Tas'B hto 
K% 1802 roxy rejibBeTHqecBoe npaBHTejiBCTBO AepsajiocB yse tojibko 
vh RaHTOHax'B Baa^Tx n $pefl6yprx. Ttirb BpeHeHeM'b bo $paHi;iB 
n&ia ABpeETopifl, a HanojieoETB coriacnjica cj^^JiaTB h'^eotopha 
ycTynxH 4^e;iepajiBH0My xyxy mBOdi^apcBaro Haceaeeifl, ABTOHOMia 
KaHTOHOBi 6ujia BOBCTaHOBjiesa, npesHifl isxi> rpaHBi^u xose, npa* 
newb ceaBCRie RaBTonti nojiyqHXH npesnee CBoe caMoynpaBJieuie, a 
r4>poACRie — ^HOBoe, npeACxaBHTeiBHoe. IIpaBa cejia h ropo^a tfiUH 
ypaBHeHH. H36HpaTejBHoe npaBo b-b ropoxcRHX'B oRpyraxi 6eijio 
orpaHHHeHO, npa^eirB 6usb ycraHOBjeni bbb^cthhS HMyj^ecTBeHHuft 
^eH8'B. EasAUft HS^BpaTejBHiift ORpyrE bhchxbji'b oahofo Aejeraxa 
wb RaBTOHajBHoe oo6paflie. KaHTOHu BufiBpajH xenyTaTOB^ b'b cefiuu 
<Tagsatzang, di^te). niecTB RanTOHOBi BucuJiajiH no ABa AenyTaxa, 
ocTajBHue no oxHovy. Bb Bixt^mvL cefiva naxoAHjiBCB cJi'^AyiDn^ia 
j,iusL: cBomeaie cb aaocTpaaHUMH rocyAapcTBaMH, TpaRTaTii a Top- 
roBiie neperoBopH, apviai o6TaBjeaie boShh a saaJiD^eaie mipa. 
McnojHBTeJiBBaa BjacTB npaaaAJiesaja npesaxeaTy cefiaa. Bb npe- 
SBxeBTH cefiaa Bcer^a Bsdapajca 6yproMBCTpi> Toro ropox&i B'B ro- 
TopoH^ sactjtaj'B ceflac'B. GefiHi esero^ao aiaajTB CBoe M'bcTonpe- 
^HBaaie a aasAHfl pa3*B coCapaJicfl bi oabomi asi citAyDniax'B 
ropoAOB<B: n^iopBX'B, JlDB^epair, BaseJB, CojoTypa'B, Repaid a ^pa- 
<5yppB. 

naxeaie Hanojteoaa ae saMeAJaio OTpasBTBca aa cyAB6'& rocy- 
AapcTBeaaiisB ynpesAeaifi IIlBeftaapia. Btacaifi aoarpecB rapaaTB- 
poaaji aefiTpajBTeTTB maefli^pGEaro consa, ao bh^ct^ cb Tbu% 
^wb CRJioaajica aa CTopoay 6oa'be RoacepaaTaBBUxB ajreaeaTOB'B, 
ROTopae ae mofjib 8a6uTB o HBayBnieH'B Moryn^eoxB^ ropoACRoro 
HRTpaaiaTa. Bb aBrycri 1815 r. msefiimplfl noiy^ajia aoByx) Roa- 
cTBTyiyK), ROTopaa ycajajia caaocTOHTeiBBOcTB oTA'&Aaux'B aaaTo- 
HOBi, TBRi HTO DlBefii^apia caoBa crajia codbomb rocyAapcTB^ 3to 
6Hjro cA^iBHo B'B yroAy RoacepaaTopairB, rotophh'b Jierne 6imo 
cnpaBBTBca cb onnosaAieft rrrofo Ba6yAB OAaoro Raaroaa, aeseja 
d AevoRpaTaHecRHHa Tpe6oBaHiaMa aapoABHXi dJBHeaTOB'B acefi 
HXaefii^apia. Uo^ B'iacROMy TpaRTRTy niBefii^apia yBeJLB^axacB Tpeaa 



122 PyCCKOB BOrATCTBO. 

luiHTOHaxH: SeHeBoft, BkjTHCcoMi h KusecTBoirb HefleHdypr^. 
dTorB nocj^AHift KaHTpHi npeACiaBjifljrL co6oS HtBOTopyx) EHOHa- 
jiiiD. Ohii oAHOBpeMGHHo HpflHaAJTesajn h si mBefiaapcBOHf conayi 
H El IIpycciH. OhI) nocHJiait'B CBoero npexcTaBHTejiA bx mee&nap- 
csifi ceJBM'b, a Me»Ay TIM'S hmi ynpaBJifljn npyccBifi ry6epHaTopib. 
BnyTpeHHAA se ero opraHHsai^ui 6£ua cirbcbK) MOHapxHqecKHxi h 
pecny6iBKaHcaHx'B yqpesAGHifi. 

?T0 BacaeTCA ocTajbeux's saHTOHOB'b HlBefiiiiapiH, to oeJBCBie^ 
coxpaBHjiH CBoe npesHee ycTpoflcTBo,' vb ropoACRnx'b se naTpHaiarb 
nojiyHHJi'B AOBOJTbHO saaHHTeJibHoe npeo6jiaAaHie nax'B ocrajLHim 
HacejieHieMi. KouneTeHiiiA ceflMa tfutjia o^ieHb orpaHHHCHa cootb'&t- 
CTBeeeo yBeinqeelK) caHocTOJiTeJbHOCTH saHTOHOBi. 8th nocjrbxHie 
BOjyHHJH A&se^npaBo sasjiD^aTb c% HHOCTpaHHUMQ rocyxapCTBanK 

TpaKTaTH, BOeHHUe H TOprOBUe, npHHOM'b Olfb tOJIbSO BM'bHJimCK 
Bl 06A8aHS0CTb A^BaTb SHaTb Otf-b dTOMl CefiMy. SaSASfi SaHTOffE 

BUCHJiaa'B Bi cefiM'b tojibko oxHoro AenfraTa. 

^paHi^yscBafl peBOJiK)i;ifl 1830 r. cnocotfcTBOBajia KopeHHOiiy hs- 
u^HeHiK) lUBefiAapcKofl KOHCTHTyB;iB. IIoA'b BjiflflieiTb hobhxi Bia- 
Hifi, HAyn^HX'b mzT> Ilapnxa, niBefii^apcRaa AexoKpaTia noAHflza ro- 
jioBy. Bb H'&cKOJbSHx'b saHTOHax'b BcnBXHyjiH BOSMynKeHia. Tpe6o- 
sanifl HapoAa 6hjh bi* HSBicTHofl CTenean HcnojHeHH. GaMOCToaTeA- 
HocTb saHTOHOB'b 6HJia BHa^HTeJibHo cbysesa bi* nojibsy BOMneTOH- 
nm i^eHTpaJbHoft BjacTH. PasHH^a MesAy ropOAOH'b b cejOMi bi no- 

JIBTHHeCBOM'b OTHOmeuiH HCMeSJia. Bl 60JbfflBHCTBt BaHTOHOB^ ysH- 

4T02Kai>Tci[ orpan^^enifl B35BpaTejibHaro npaBa. Bboahtch Bceo6mafl, 
fieuocpeACTBeHHaa noAana rojiocoB%. BcaojHHTeJbHaa BJiacTb ota^*- 
jiaeTca oti* cyAe6Hofi h t. a- 

UOHCTHO, HTO Bci dlH pe({)0pMU CHJIbHO HO HpaBBJIHCb BOHCep-^ 

BaTHBHUMi 9jieMeHTaMi>. AHTaroHBSMi MesAy BOHcepBaTopaMH H pa- 
AHsajiaMH Bce BOspacTaji'b, ^to, HaBOHes^i, npHBOjo bi BoopyseH- 
HOMy cTOJEBHOBeHiK) BTHX'b AByx'b uapTift, qyTb 6hjio He OBOH^BBine- 
Myca OTA^JieHieH'B HicBOjfbKHX^ BaHTOHOB'b OTi coK)3a. Bopb6a MesAT 
BOHcepBaTopaMH o paAHBaaaHH npHHfljia pejariosHiift xapaBxepi. 
PaAHBajiH seJiajiH ycTpanHTb iesyHTOB'b oti^ Bcaaoro BJiaEia Ha no- 
jiHTH^ecBia A'&Jia, axoMy npoTHBHjiHCb BOHcepBaTopH. CeMb BaTO- 
jB^eeBBX'b BaHTOHOB'b (niBHi^'b, YpH, yHTepBajbAeHi, JLoi^epHi^ Il[yri» 
$pefl6yprx h BajjHCb) ochobbjih bi 1846 r. cneniaibHHft cons'b (tb 
flBHO cenapaTHCTH^ecBHMH TOHAeHiUflMa. 3T0T:b coK)3*b (Sonderbimd> 
Hiiij'b s^tjilK) san^BTy orb nocaraTeJbCTB'b Apyrexi BaHTOHoarb 
H 6opb6y cb jH6epaj[bHHTH cTpeHieniflUH y ce6H Aoiia* OcHOBanie 
3oHAep6yHAa npHBejio ei MesAoyco6Hoft boSh^, saBOHWBnieftcJi ero 
yHHqTOseHieH^. CoDBnafl apMia Bsajia npHCTynou'b Jlroii^epH'b h $pefl- 
6yprb, rjKaBHue i^enTpu peaBi];ioHHo-cenapaTBCTH«iecBHX'& djie]feHTOB%» 
nocii Hero cAaiHCb h ocTajibHue BaHToaii 3oHAep6yHAa. CxiACTBieii'b 
sTBX'b ]iesAoyco6ifl aBHjracb hobbh BOHCTHTyAia (1848 r.)» saAaneft 
KOTOpoft 6qj[0 npeAOTBpaTHTb BcaayK) BOSMoacHocTb qero HH6yAb no^ 



H81 mBEli^pm. 12t 

j(o6Baro. CaHocTOATejiHocTB ota^jilhiix'B KaHTOHOBi 6iiJia emfi 60- 
jiie orpasHHena, a i^eHTpaJikHoe npaBHrejBCTBO noJiyqHjo rpoMaAHoe 
aiinBie Ba nojiBTBHecKyK) s^3bi> crpaBu. KpoHt cefiMa, cocTOflm^aro 
]i3i> AejeraTOBi, BUCHJiaemixTi BpaBHTejbCTBOM'B OTA^babBm'b rbh- 
TOflOBi, noBBOJiacB najHTa jieujTSLTowhy saR'B npeACTaBBTejiBflUE^a Be- 
uoci^eACTBeBBofi BOJifl Hapoxa. TaBBU'b ajTen msefii^apuar, Haso- 
uem, npeBpaTHJiacB bsi* coDsa rocjAapcTBi vb coDseoe rocjAap- 

CTBO. 

EoflCTBTyuifl 1848 r* ee ocTajracB 6gzt> HSM'^HeBiJi. Bi 1874 r. 
BaBOBeii'B 6ujia npBBHTa soBCTBTyi^ifl, ocTaioni^aflCA bx cnjit h la 
HacTOBBiaro BpeifA. Oaa 6BJia BpBBJiTa 6oji}>niHBCTBOU'B 142,186 ro- 
jiocoBT, Tasi BaKTi sa see BucRaaajocB 340,199 roiocoB^, npoTBBi 
nea — TOJiBKO 198,013 EoBCTHTyuifl 1874 r. SBaiBTejiBHO ycHjiBjra 
ueHipajiBSMi roc7AapcTBeBBaro ycTpoflcrBa DlBefii^apiB. Saa^BTen- 
Boe soJiBHecTBO A^JVbf BaxoAHBDiBxcA npesAe wb B^jifkniE otaIib- 
HHx'B KaRTOBOBii, Bepemjo wb B^A'&Hie Bcero Soosa. Caifofi rjraBHoi 
pe^opuofl B'B dToifB BaflpaBJueBiH 6uja BoeflBan. ^o 1874 r. vb cjmr 
flOCTB Be 6ujio o6fliemBeSiiapcKaro soficsa. Eas^ufi saHTOB'B aoji- 
seui 6hji'b Wb cxj^afb OBacBocTH, yrposaBmed b'&jioctb rocyxapcTa, 
nocraBjfBTB BSBicTBoe KOjiflqecTBO BoBcRa, npflqeMi o6i ofiyneBiH h 
BOopyseB\^ dTflXi orpaj^oBi aojibcbu 6uj[b satfoTBTBca odatb TasH 
OTA^jikBue saflTOBu. 8x0 Bejio ri i^ijiOMy paxy BaTpyABeaifl b He- 
AopaayM'bBifi, ROTopuA ycTpasBJia soBCTBTyi^ifl 1874 r. Ci dToro Bpe- 

UeBB C0K)3l CaM^ BeBOCpeACTBeBBO SaB'&AyeT'B fiCtlCB A^jraifB, OTBO- 
CBBllBUBCA B'B OpraBBSBIUB BOftCRB; OABaRO, OTA^JbUUB OTpBAH H 

Kopsyca cocTOATi B8*B sBTeJcfi OABoro fl Toro se aaBTosa. 
0^ BepexoAOifB BoeBBux'B js.tx'b vb B^A^Hie coDBa yaejBHBiBCB 

erO BBAepSRB, HTO BBSBBJIO Beo6xOABHOCTB B'B pe(f)Opir& ^flBBBCOBIb. 

HBorie aoxoah, BOCTyaaBBjie apesAO bi> saocy ota^jibbuxx Rasro- 

BOBl), TCBepB CTBJIB C06CTBeBB0CTBK) BCerO CODSa. B'B CBH3B (TB 3TflH'B 

6ujio flpaBo coDsa o6BapoAOBaTB saxoBii, RacaDB^iecB saASopa sa jfb- 
caHB, oxoTofl fl pHfiojiOBCTBOifB, A^^^e BBA'B pa6oTod A'J^Teft Ba 4>a- 
6pBRax'B» BaAi dHBrpai^ioBBuiiB areBTCTBaHB, Bocrpofiaofi b dRcnjoa- 
TBi^iefl sejiisBHX'B Aopori b t. a- Corosi BOJiy^Bjii spaao ocbobu- 
BBTB Bucmiji yqe6HUB saBeAeeiA b o6A8aB'B 61^11 ciiABTB sa t^m'b, 
qTo6» RBBTOBU A&Bajifl cooTB'i^TCTBeflfloe BBcmee ofipaaoBaBie cbobmi 
xBTexBWb. KoBCTBTynifl 1874 r. orpaBBiBja BpaBO RaaroBOB'B co- 
AcpsBTB MODacTHpfl B saflpeTflja iesyBTaM'B BpefiusaTB B'B UlBeBiiia- 
piB. n^esTpajiBCTBqecKlfl TeBAeBi^ia ROflCTBTyiiiB 1874 r. oco6eBHo 
iipRO BiiCTynanT'B B'B p6<|>opMax'E, Racanfl^Bxca rpasA&HCRaro, Topro- 
Baro B y(*ojioBBaro saxoBOAaTeJiBCTBa. Tbri, ROBCTBTyiiiB cana OBpe- 
A^^Bja 3aR0Bii, OTBOCABiiiecfl R'B BepeceJieflii^aM'B b31 oabofo RaBTOsa 
Bi APyrofi, CjaroAapfl neuj ycTpaajUBCB coaepmeBBO h£ctb{jb« Raa- 
TOflajiBBHfl nocraflOBjeBia. EoBCTBTyi^iji 1874 r. pimajia, hto 6paRx, 

SaRJIDHeBBUfl B'B OAHOH'B BSl RaBTOBOB'E, flpBBBaeTCJI SaROBBinT'B H 

BO Bcixii ocrajiBBuxa, ^ero spezAe Be 6ujo. To^bo tbr^ se rob- 



12i FyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

cTWTjviE pi^mua, ^to rpasj^anHHi oahofo saHTOHa itBjiAeTCii eo ips^ 
rpas^aHBHOM'B Bced IIlBefluapiB, fijuiroAapii ^eny coBepmeHao ycxpa- 
Bfljiacb npea&Hflfl aHOHaju, bi CHjiy Boxopofi jioboibho SHaiBTeibaoe 
BOJiflqecTBO mBeftii^apcaBX'b rpasAaBi 6uao €heimathlo3». 3to Cujik 
jiDAH, noTepABmie npaso rpasAaacTBa bi oahou'b saHTOfl'b a hobo- 
jiyqBBmie ero bt* xpyroHi. 

HyjKBO savi^TBTB, qTO TopacecTBO iieBTpajiBBMa, Tas'B Jipao OTpa- 
BBBmeecH b^ BOHCTBTyAiB 1874 r., orpaHBqajro TOJibBo BJiacTb san- 
TOHOBi, HO HHCBOJiBKO EC HapyoiBJio BjacTH sceti uauiu. 

SaKOHOAaTejBHafl BjacTB niBeSuapcBaro coDsa cocpejuoToqeHa bi 
pyaaxi coDsearo Go6paHiA (BundesY6rsammlung» Assemble g^n^raleX 
cocTOJiij^aro bsi naiuoHajiBHaro coBtTa b cociosHaro coB^Ta (StS.n- 
derath). Tasi saK'b hli HaM'&peHu rosopHTb b'l HameMi nHCBM-fa o 
BH6opax'i» B'B HaaioHajibHufi cob^t'b, to mh apAMO bi HeMy n o6pa- 

TBMCB. 

HaojioHajifaHiifi coBi^n coctobtii nsi jieayTaTOBi, nafiBpaeiiax'B 
Ka»Aue Tpfl roja BCl&M'b napoAoirb Ha ocHOBania Bceo^n^aro, Heao- 
cpeACTBeHHaro, Tafiearo, HS^HpaTeJbHaro npaaa* BcBBifi msefii^apcBift 
rpasAaHHHi, AocTflrmifi ABaAS^arBJi'&TBflro Bospacra, BM'ibeTi npaao 
rojioca. Oahhi AenyxaTi HsfiBpaeTca Baa&AUMer 20,000 saTeieft, npn- 
qeu'B BcerAa npHHBHaeTCB bo BHBMaHie boca'&ahbb nepenkcb nace- 
jteaifl, — uepenBCB ycTpanBaDTCfl b% IQBefiiiapiH jcanAHB AeckTb ji^xi. 
EaxA^fl ocTaxoKi CBuuie 10,000 Bmi^eri, npaBO HsfiflpaTb OABoro Aeoy- 
xaxa. IlaccBBHiiM'b HBtfopaxejiBHuii'b npaBOifb ne nojibsyDxcfl qjieHiiBaH- 
TonajibHaro coB-iTa, h coiosBaro coB^Ta, tohho xasi se, BaBi h bc^ 

^HHOBEHBH, HaSHaqeHHUe BXaMl nOCJliAHHM'b. JI^yXOBeHCXBO JflmeHO 

KBRi naccHBHaro, tbe'e h asTBBHaro HadBpaxeJibHaro npaaa. Aeiiy- 
xaxu HBi^ioHaJibHaro coBtxa nojy^iaiDT'B bi xeqenie Bcefi cecciH no 20 
^paHBOBi eseAHeBHO, npHqeH'b coiosHufl coBtxi noBpHBaex'b xasze 
H BXi nyxeBUB HSAepsBB. 

Bb B^A'^HiH HaaionajibHaro coatxa (BMi^cxt cb BaHTOHajTbHuacb 

GOBiTOMl, COOTBi^TCTByDn^HHl BOpXEBlfB OaJiaTaM'b HJKH CBHaxaifB 

ApyrBxi eBponeficKflxi rocyAapcxBi) naxoABTCJi Bct Atja, HiiiK)- 
wia o6ii^e-niBefii^apcRifi xapaKxep'b^ sa HCBJDHeHieirB x'fix'b pfijrb^ vio- 
TopuMH 8aBiAyH>T'B ApyriB coDSHHB yqpesAeHifl. HxaB'B, nai^io- 
HajibHufi coB^T'b ycTBfiOBjiBex'b saBOHHy oTHocBB^iecA SI opraHHsa- 
uiH Bu6opoBi coiDSHiixi BiacTofi, onpcA'biBex'b sajiOBBBbe bxhm'B 
BJEacTAUi^ Butfapaex^ qjEOHOB'B consflaro codd^xa h consaaro cyAa, 
^aiie BBHi^jiepa h rjaBHOROiiaHAyDH^iro niBefia;apcBofl apiiiefi h, hb* 

ROHeAl, BCiX'B APyVBXl HBHOBBBBOBliy BO CBOJIbBy CODSHOe SaBOEO- 

AaxejibCTBO nopyHBx'b sxo ji^^jio HaiuonajibHOHy coBtxy. HauioHajib- 

HHfi COBixi 06B3aH*b BBBJIDHaXb 00D8II H TpaBTaXEl CI HBOCXpaH- 

HHHB rocyAapcxBBKB. 8a6oxBxbCB oCrb otfesneqeHiH BH^niBefi 6e30- 
oacHocxH, HesaBBCHMOCTH H HeflxpajBxexa niBefli^apiB. Os'b HNtex^ 
npaBO ofi'BBBflXb BoflHy H sasJDqnxb vhp'b. Haij^ioHaJbBUiS coBtx'b 
rapaHXBpyex'b BOHCXBxyi^iiD b xeppsTopiK) oxAtjibHuxi BanTOHOBi^ 



H3X iubeSi^pih. 125 

8a6oTHTCJB[ BHyTpeHHefi 6e3onacHocTE h HHiex'B npaso aMHecTiu. 
Eai^ioHaJEBHufi cob^T'b pacnopasaeTca codbhoS apuieS, ycTanaBjin- 
BaeTi roAH^HuS tfjoAaseT's coDsa. h cosepniaeTrb saflMH. HaAioeajiB- 

HOMy COB^Ty SpBHaAJieSHT'B HaASOpi EBiXb C0K)3H0fi aAHHHHCTpaAieft 

B T. A. Oaho H31 caMHX'B BasHHX'B npaB'b Hai^ioHajELHaro coK>da — 

dTO npaBO peBHSlH COlDSHOfi EOHCTBTyi^iH. 

Bopb6a n]Be]3ii;apcKQX'B napTifi pa3urpErBaeTca rjraBHfJM'b ofipa- 

30MI Bl Hai^OHaJlBHOM'B GostT^, TJifk BCTp^qaDTCfl npeACTaBHTeJH 
BCixX SaHTOHOB'B, TJifk CTaJRHBaiOTCfl paSJCEHBHe COIJ^iaJIBHUe dJie- 

MeHTH, Tjijk pa6oTaK)T'B coo6ni,a jioah, CHJibHO oTjarnqaion^ieca h no 
BBrjuAaMi, H no RyjBTyp'b, h no TpaABi^iiiM'K, h no nai^ioHajiBHOCTH^ 
H no pejinriH, Ras'L OTJiH^anTca oabhi otb Apyroro OTAiJiBHue Kan- 
TOHEi IIlBefin;apiH. 

Bi Han;ioHajiBHO]i'B coBi^Ti tohho xaKi se, saR'b h bi ocTajiBHUX'b 
napjraMeHTax'B sanaAHO-eBpoueficsBX'B rocyAapcTB'B, n^iiercAi npasafl^ 
ACHTpi H JiiBaa. Mh npHBOAHMTi Ta6jHqRy, HarMAHO npeACTaBjaro- 
myiD KOJiflHecTBOHHoe iBMtneaie tojocob'b, oTAaenux^B b'b nojiLsy Tod 
H.5H APyrofi napTin. 

Jl!bBafl. njoHTpi. HpaBaa. 

EoooraecTBO Eoihvo- KojniqecTBO Kojnqe- EoiaraecTBo Kojoive- 

rOflOCOB'fc. CTBO ffi' rOflOCOB'B. CTBO AO- rOflOCOB'B. CTBO A^~ 

nyraTOBrb. nyTaTOBi. nyraTOBi*. 

1881 169788 83 77687 26 97976 36 

1884 180585 88 79818 22 99319 35 

1887 173328 87 67747 24 80099 34 

1890 215848 92 58068 19 89342 36 

1896 en^e HeH3B'i^CTso. 94 eni;e neBBB^CTHo. 19 enie HensBicTHO. 31 

To o6cToaTejibCTBO, hto KOHcepBaTBBHue n peaRiiioHHKre dJie- 

lieHTU B'B nauiOBaJIBHOM'B COIDSt npeACXaBJtaiOT'B MeHLUlHHCTBO, 

upespacBO o6'BBCHBeT'B HBHi, noqeny niBefii^apcEifi H,eHTpaj[B3M'B 
BcerAa 6u jri BupasnTeJieMi nporpeccHBBux'b Teqenifi, b'b to BpeMH 
KaK'B AeueuTpajiHsai^ij] (4)eAepajifl3Mi) mja pyna o6'b pyny cb peaR- 

i^iefi. ]i/kjLO B'b TOM'b, MTO 6oJ[bniBHCTBO BaHTOHOB'b B'b CHjy M^CT- 

Bux!b coi^iajibHo-dRonoBiBMecRHX'b ycjoBifi ropasAO CRJiOHH^e ri pa3- 
jiBHSuMi nporpeccBBBbiU'b pe4)opuaM'b, nesejin MeobmnHCTBO. IlpH 
cf)eAepaTnBHOM'b ycTpoficxBls GojbinnHCTBO bo bi CHJiax^ 0Ra3UBaTL 
ABBJieBie sa MeabmnBCTBO, hto Bnojini^ AOCTynno npn nsB^CTHofi 
ueBTpaiEsauiB. IIodTOMy to B'b coapeMenHofi nieeSi^apiB iipuMB cto- 
poHHHRauB (t)eAepaj[fl3Ma b npBHUHniajibHQMu npoTBBBHRaMH uesxpa- 
jiu3Ma aBJBDTca RjepDRBjiEi-yjibTpafiiiOBTaBH. KjiepBRaJibBiie Aeny- 
TaTu Hai]^ioBajibBaro coeiTa, Bu6pauEHe B'b RoncepBaTBBBux'b, Ra- 
TOJiBqecRBX'b RBHTOBaxi * cpeABefi n sanaAHofi IIlBe&i^apin, cto^it^ 
Ha Tout spfiHiii BpasAe6flofi BcaRHMrb pe^opHaHi, ycfljiBBaK)ni;BM'b 
ROMneTeHAin coDsa bi yn^eptfi RanTOHanib. UosTOHy Bca bx% a'^^- 
TejbHOCTb HM^eTb <iHCTO OTpBi^aT&xbHiifi, o6cTpyRn;ioHHEifl xapaa- 
Top'b. OflB A&se He ofinapoAOBaJiH cnei^iajbHoft nporpaMifu, a uo 



126 PyCCKOB BOFATCTBO. 

BonpocaiTB, He saTparHBanmeifB npHHi^aaoB'b 4>Gi(6p&^B3iK& ^ ^^h*" 
TpajiHSMa, o6uBHOBeHHO HacTb RjiepHBajibHux'B xenyTaTOB'B noAaeirb 
rojEoci sa, nacxb — npoTBB'b. 

OcTajbHuji meefiAapcBia napTin Hii'biOT'b xcno 4>opB7JrHpoBaH- 
Hua, Bupa6oTaHBHa na napTifiHuxi ROHrpeccaxi, nporpaMMu. Oa- 
HaBO B'b Tpe6oBaHiHM'b, BupasoHHuifb BinapTiflRMx^ nporpaMMaxi^ 

CJllAy^Tli OTHOCHTbCfl AOBOJbHO 0CT0p02BR0. H Bli HlBefiuapiB, TO^HO 

TaBi Z6, Basi H wb APyrHXi cTpaaaxi, MHoroe ooaitmaeTCfl b^ npo- 
rpaMMf He noxotey, hto napriH BCBpeuao coqyBCTsyer'b 8T0My, a 
npflMo noTOMy, qTo BCflKoe rpoMBo SByqaii^ee, cupaeeAJmBoe Tpe6o- 
Baaie MoseT^ npaBJiesaTb ctopohbhkobt, BAymoxi aa yAoHBy <l>pa- 
BeojoriB. BuBaeirb oqenb ^acro, hto napTiii ao T'bxi nop^ TOAbBO 
OTCTaflBaeTik BaRoe-HH6yAb Tpe6oBaHie, iiosa Bir% p'bofHreAbHO hb- 

BBBOi HBAeSAU HB TO, HTO dTO Tpe60BaBie HOXeTl CUTb HCBQA- 
HeHO. PaBl BBABeTCB BOSMOSlfOCTb npOBeClH B^ DapjlkMCHTt II0A05- 

Hoe Tpe6oBai!ie, HeA&BBie ero cropOHUffRB yaoTpe6jiBioT'b Bct yt hjib, 
^To6u coA'ltficTBOBaTb ero BpOBujiy. mwb uapriii BOBcepBaTBBH'be, 
Tbwh Bi efl nporpaMut 6ojiinie TasBXii, jiuaeMtpao BUCTaBJeHHux'b 
Tpe6oBaHifi. 3to Ha6;iK)AaeTeB h y ujBeniiai)CKnx'b ROHcepBaTOpOB^. 
TaB'b HanpBMip-b, oub bi CBoefl nporpaMMt Tpe6yK)T'b yqpeflCAeiiiB 
<soK)3Haro 6aHRa. Kofab se b^b BauioaajbHufi coBtr^ 6hao BBeceuo 
BpeA^oseme OTBocBTejbHO SToro 6anKa, to RuucepBaropH noAaJiu 
CBOfl roAoci npoTBB'b Hero, He CMOrpn ua to, hto upoeaxi 6hiJk'h co- 
CTaBJieHi Bi* Ayx'b bxi nporpaMMU ci uoJIHMM^ BHQ3(aMieHT> k% bh- 
Tepecaifb RafltOHOB'b. KoBcepBaTopu oTnecJiocb BpasAe6Ho bt> spaB- 
THnecROMy npBM'bHeHiK) oabofo bbi ^yMR^0B^ cBuefi uporpaMMu eAOH- 
x^TBeafio noTOMy, hto consfiufl 6aHR^ 6i^A% 6hi 4ucro rO( yAapcrseB- 
Buwb y«)pe»AeHieBAi, hto ajlh HBX^, rhr^ ji,a» npeACTBBBTejefi Kpyn- 
Haro nacTBaro BaQBiaJia, 6bijo 6u OMeHb ueBuioAHO. 

£oflcepBaTBBHufi i^eHTpi uiBefiuapcBaro uauiouaAboaro coBtxa 
BHCTaBHA'b cjLiAyfom,Ui Tpe6oBaHiii nojiuTHMecRaio h BROuoHQMecRaro 
xapaRTepa: yRpinAeBie coiOBHO-rocyAapivrKeiinoft DAeo, oco6eBHO b'b 
oSabcth eAHHCTBa BBBOHOB^ H BooHHaro At»ia; opaRTuqecKaa pe<lK)pBa 

niTaTB HBHOBBBROB'b Bl AeUORpaTBHecROM^ Ay&'fa; 6()pb6a CO Br'b\IB 

6DpoKpaTB4ecRBMH TeBAeBiiiiiMD; CHXpiuefue sa cok)3uumi cot^pa- 
sieMi Bpaaa Bu6opa coiosBaro cobIth; pei|iopMa aapoAHUxi upaB'b 
Bi Ayx'b, o6e3ne4BBaK)Bieii'b AyxoBBoe u Maie(»iajihBoe ~p8i:iBurie 
mBefiuapcRofl rocyAapCTBeBBofi bcb^bu, ()6.ierqeHie (|)aKyjibTaTBBHaro' 
pe<|)epeHAyMa; TpeOosaiiie Bceo6ui.aro b o6iia:iTe.ibuaro o6yqeHifl iipH 
HOAAep»Bt consa; BauioTa pejBiiB b ct<o^>oAhr contcTu 0T^ uaiia- 
AOB^, cb BBBofi 6u CTopoHU out He Bi4X0i.Bjiu; cupaBeAJiuBoe upeA^ 

CTaBBTeiBCTBO MeHbBJBHCJBa flpB Bhl6opa\^ JlliUI ua COK).iUUii A0JI2K- 

hoctb; DOAroTOBAeuie B'b Tasofi Hauioiia.uj3ai;i» ncejibHuyx^ Aoporb, 
BOTopaB 6ii Be npBBecja ynie|i6a ctiuiiaHcoHiasib Hiire|>ecaHb cTpaau; 
Tpe6oBaBie cpeAcTB^ hb aocTpofiRy ajbinfiiRnfi jKe^it^nofi AopoiB na 
BOCTOBt H Ha saaaA'b UlBeflAapiH; uau,iouajbuud 6aHRi> npB- coa^A- 



H81 mBSfilUPIH. 127 

^TBiH H noAi HaA3opOM'b coDsa (TB yqacrieiTBKaHTOHOB'BB'bpaBAi^e- 
eIh AOxoAOBi*; noAAepssa BeMJie^^Jifl) peMecji h npoMuoueHHOCTH; 
o6nui npoMunueHHBi ycTaBi; san^HTa rocyj^apcTBOM'B dsoHOMHSLecKB 
^a6Hzx; crpaxoBaHie ott» 6oj'68Hh, secqacTHUX'b cjiynaeBi, crapo- 
€tb; noAAepsKa CTpeMieeifi s'b Bupa6oTs£ MesxyHapoAHaro 4>^- 
<$pHHHaro saROHOAaTejBCTBa; BseAeHie Ta6aHHofi MOHOnojiH; cne- 
luajBBHfi BBKOHi, npeciiAyDn^ifl 4>&JiBCB<j^HKauiD C'bicTHHX'B npu- 
nacoBx. 

Hdi BToro nepeiHCJieHiA TpetfoBaedfl BOHcepBaTopoB'B bhaho, hto 
HX^ oporpaMMa Tii^aTeJiLHo B36i^raerb acboA (i)opMyiBpoBBH Bonpo- 
coBi. caMuxi sopeeHux'B Boapocax'b, nrpann^Bxi o^cbb Basnyio 
pojb vb noJHTH^ecsofi h coi^iajbHoi sbbhh, BOHCepBaTopu OTapatoxcH 
roBopHTb Tasi, HTo6u Macca HafiflpaTeiefi He Mona nojiynHTb to?- 
Haro npeACTaBjeuifl o cyn^BpCTH Tpe6yeHEixx hmh pe^opifb* B'b 
-((ojbDiHHCTB'b cJiy^aeBi soHcepBaTopu ota'&JHb&dtcii TeMHizMH o6n- 

H4iBaiifl, CBHA^TeUCTByK)III(BMH TOJIbKO SeJiaHiH pe^0pU1^» HO HB- 

Hero He roBopaniiHMH o Ayxi h HanpaBiemH hxi. 

JItBaa HauioHajbHaro coB^xa ofijaAaeTb nporpaxMOfi, ropasAO 
HSoj'be onpeA^JieHHOfl h achoS. H CB060A0Mucjaii^ie, h AeMospaTu 
flM^Dirb cuei],iajibHUH nporpaMMH, xota MHorifl Tpe6oBaHiA cbo6oao- 
Mucjiflni^HX'b BQojiHd^ pa3A^JAK)TCA H AeMospaTaMH. Gboh Tpe6oBaHifl 
<)Bo6oAOMaciflnue aepeHHCJHiH B'b nporpainii, o6HapoAOBaHHod B'b 
1892 r. BoT-b ohb: pe^^opMa coK)8Haro yripaBjEenia; sasoHOAaTejbHaa 
HHBaiaTBBa; rapaHTia HapoAHHxi npasii B'b OTA'i^^KbHux'b KaHTOHaxi>; 
coDBBoe opaBO o6A8aTejibHoft noAa^n roiocoBx ch BOBMOsauM'b o5- 
jierqeHieicb rojiocoBaHui; crporoe ncnojHenie § 27 soHCTHTyiiiH, sa- 
caDH^arocfl BlpoHcnoB'^Auaro nefiTpajHTeTa B'b djeMeHtapHOMi o6y- 
^enifl; 8an(DTa CBoGoAOuu&ian^HX'b codbhuxi ynpesAeaift orb bca- 
SBxi HaoaAOK'b sjepBRajiHSMa; yHH<i)QBai]^ifl rpasAancsaro h yroiOB* 
Bare saBOHOAaTejtbCTBa; nai^ioHajiHBaii^ifl CTpaxoBanifl; MOHonojbHuti 
•coiDSBUfl 6aHS'B; TaGaqnaA h cnH?eHHafl uoHonoJiia: AftJBB^Binee 
paSBHTie <f>&^Pfl^Haro ycraBa B'b Ayxt coKpan^eHi^ pa6oqaro Bpe* 
neHH H orpaHH^eHiA xpyAa scHn^HH'b h A^Teft; AaibH'bfimee paa- 
BHTie BasoHOB'b CTpaxoBaniH pafio^axi; noAAepssa CTpesueaLi kt> 
BspafioTiL'b MeJKAyHapoAHaro sasonoAaTejibCTRay sacaDm^arocA nojib- 
•sefiia paCo^iXTi; peMecjeHHuS ycraBs. 

XoTfl Bxa nporpaHMa npHHATa BciKH cBo6oAOMiicJUin](HMn o4>- 
^HiiiajibHO, HO TbM'b He Men-ie Ha x^ii HSB'bcTHoe MenbinHHCTBo pac- 

XOABTCA (Tb 60JibaiBHCTB01i'b HapxiH no AOBOZbHO SHdHHTeibHOMy 

KOJHqecTBy BOopocoB'b, sax'b nanpBMip'b, bo BpevH npenift no no- 
BOAy pasaB^HUxx rocyAapcTBOHHux'b Mononojifi, HaiUonajiHsaiJ^iH 
jLejitsHux'b Aopopb H T. A- 06uRH0BeHH0 B'b TaKHX'b cjy?aBrb nap- 
Tu pacoaAacTCji na ab^ (t)paBiiiH: H'bMeiiKyD (sa) h HTaJbaHCKyi) 
{DpoTBBi)). Hto axe RacaeTCH xaxHX'b BonpocoB-b, xasi samiHTa xpyAa, 
peMecjeHHuft yoxaB'b, to xyxi B'b cpeA'6 CBo6oAOMiicJi;intBX'b r^tt» 
HHxaxoro eAHHeniH. Becb jiarepb pa86HBaeTC< na Meuia rpynnii^ 



128 pyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

BOTopHfl o6HapysHBaK)'rb caMUfl pasHooCpasHcifl MH^HiA no oAifHm 
n Tiifb se BonpocEM'B. 

^eMOBpaTHqecBax nporpaMMa bo MHorHxi ciyiaflrB coBepmoHHO 
coBnaAaoT'B c% nporpaMMOfl cbo6oaouhcji4|]i^hxt>, ho ciiijerb sa-^ 
wkTmhf HTO AOMOKpaTfir ropasAO paABsajbHie CBo6oAOMHCjiamHX'b. 
EcTb HHoro nyHKTOB'B, no soTopuMi nepBue H^yT^B ropasAO AaJBine> 
BOciiAHHX'b. Tasx HanpHMtp'B cb Tpe6oBaHieMS pe^opMu coDscroft 
aAMHHBcrpai^iH AeMOspaTS coeAHHHDTB h Tpe^oBBHie Toro, hto5u 

CODSHUd COBiT'B H36BpaJICJl He HaiUOHaJBHHM'B H COCJOBHHMl COB'b-^ 

TOM'S, a HenocpeACTBeHHO bc^mi HapoAOMi. EpoM-b CTpaxoBaeiA orh 
HecqacTHHX'B cjy^aeBt h 6ojb*3hh AeMOKpaxH Tpe6yro'rB. eme CTpaxo- 
BaHiJi Ha cjyiafi CTapocre b HecHOco6HocTH vb pa6oT'6. ^OMOBpaTu 
sejaK)T'B rocyAapcTseHHofl MOHonojiH b'b ToproBji xji1^5om%, ^ecHTH- 
QttcoBoro pa6oiaro ]i,Ba, conanoft cy6BeHiiiH js,jin npoBeAOHifl HOJiio- 
paTQBHux^ pa6oT% vh o6jacTH seMieA^Jiiii- 

MiioriH nporpeccHBHtifl Tpe6oBaHiii, BUD'ieHHUii bi DporpaMHy 
CBo6oAOMucj[Bn]^eft h oco6eBHo AeuoKpaTHHeoBofi napTin/ o6fl3aHH 
cbohm'b nojiBJieHieM'B Taiiii RiijiHiK) patfo^Hxi, Boxopfiie npH bcabhx'e 
Bu6opax'b noAaBajiH rojocB wb noaiisy KaHAHAaTOBT» JiiBoi, jibjaack 
RaBi-6u en paAHBaibHUM'B spujiOHi. H ao chx'bhop'b pafio'iia MaccH 
oco6eBHO Bi BBHTOHax'B, FA'b npoMiiniJieHHOcTB pasBHTa CJia6o, noA- 
AepsBBanrB KaHAHAaTOBii AeMOspaTHqecKaro hjh nporpeccHCTCRaro 
jarepefi. 

OABaKO Bi HacTOflTnee BpeHH 9to cjyqaoTca jT&e ropasAo ptse, 
HOTOMy ^TO vb 6ojBmHHCTB^ saHTOHOB'B pa6o?ie BUCTynarorB b'b 
KaMecTBi cofiepnreHHO caMOCTOHTeABHofl nojiHTBHeosoi naprm. Co« 
i^iajti-AeMORpaTB^ecsafl napTia ^BJuieTca caMoft MOJiOAOft noJiHTHHe- 
cKofi opraHHsamefl meefii^apiH, Tasi* Basi ona b'b nepaufl pasik 
TOJiiKO B'B 1893 r. BUOTaBHjia 6ojbmoe ^hcjio cbohxi caMOCTOflTOA- 
nux^ KauAHAaTOB'B. DporpaMiia dTOtt napriH oSnapoAOBana b'b 
1888 r'.... 

TaK'B RBR'B pa6o9aH napTia He BMioTi ao chx'b nop'B hh oahofo 
npeACTaBHTejLH b'b codshou'b cob'6t'&, to efi hprxoahtca irpnd'i^raTB 
jsTb laRBMX cpeAGTBaMi, RaR^ neTHuie, HHHuiaTaBEi h t. a- Tasi 
nanp. B'B 1893 r. HHHuiaTHBa pa6o4efi HapxiH, Racann^aacA npaaa 
na TpyAi*, Aajia b-b pesyiBTaxi 52.387 noAOHceft, t. e. Ha 2.38 T 
6ojiknie, q^Hi 'rpe6yeTCA. 

nojiosseHie patfo^efi napxiH cpeAH ocTaJiBHtix'b napxii canoe He- 
6jraronpiaTHoe b'b CDJiy t'&xi^ ycJOBid, bi* ROTopua nocTaBMHa 
alBefiuapcKafl npoMumJieHHOCTB. IIlBefiuapcRafl HHAycTpia ne cocpe- 
AOTOHeua B'B RaRHxi HH6yAb h%crojbrhx'b RanTonax'B, a pasCpocasa. 
no Bcefi cxpaHt. IIodTOMy niBefiuapcRie pa6o^e paacibanBi no JHi^y 
Bcefl pecnyfijQRH h bo Bci^xi. RanxoHaxi^ npeACTasjiflDT'B MenBrnnHOTBO^ 
yTonaK)u;ee cpeA^ RpecTBaHCRaro sacejieHifl. Bo Bcefi UlBediiapiH 
jBi^a, saHflMaEom^iaca EHAycTpiefi n peMecjioicB, npeAcraBMDT'B Bcera 
3996 o6n^aro HHCja Haceiema. IIpHTOirB hsi 327,000 asA'B, sana^ 



Hal niBEfiiUPiH. 129 

THTS BHAJCTpiefi H peMeCiaUH, DOHTH 100,000 JIBJIfleTCH BJUU'&JB- 

naMH npoMsnueHHHrb h peuecjieHHcn[% saeeAeHift. HeiB3A Tanse 
ynycMTB hs-b bh^j h to otfcroflTeJibCTBO, hto rpoMaAHafl Macca 
paGoTaiDi^HX'b na <{^a6pHRax*b ne nepecTaerB 6utb BjiaA^iiBii^aMH bjio?« 
KOB'b zeum, qTO He MaJio saTpy^HaeTB paSBOTie hbcto pa$o«ieH 
opraHRsaiuH. HaRonei^'b BjiflHie pa6oqeft napTiH cflJibHO yxeabinaeTCH, 
6jiaroAapH Touy, ^to bi QlBeBii^apiH rpoaiaj^Hoe soia^ecTBo pa<5o- 
HHXT»-HHocTpaHi^eB*B, HO HM'&iDQ^nx'B H86apaTejibHfiix'B opaB'B. Tan's 
HanpHMip-b, H3% 47,000 pa($o?HX'b h petfecjeHaBKOBB b'b D^fopax'ft 
8000 HHocTpaHG^eB'B. Bb Bi3exb ohh npeACTaBiflsorb 40^ Bcix'B 
pa6o'{HX'B, a bi SKeHeat 42^/o. 

Oj^saRo, T^Mi He Aienbe pa^oiaa napTia j^ijiaeT'B ji;oBOJibHo 
tfuerpue ycn-i^xH. Bb 1884 r. vb E^iopax'^ 6Mia BiiCTaBJieHH b'b 
nepBuft paa^B ^b^ pa6otifl RaeAH^^aTypu apoTHB'B Aayx'B ja5epaioBB. 
EaHAHAaTU pa^o^eft napTia nojy^aJiH — ojxjiWb 1955, Apyroi 1636 
roJocoB'B B*B TOBpeMA, RaKi Jia6epaj[a — 5321 h 7416. Bb 1887 r. 
pa6oqifi RaHAHi(aT*B nojyiHJi'B 2100 roiocoBi, a vb 1890 patfo^ifl 
KaHAHAarB npa noAAepsai xeMO&paTOBB 6ujrB Bu6paHB bi Hai^io- 
HajiBHuft COB^TB, HOjyqHBi HO^TH 12,000 rojEocoBi. Bb 1893 r. 
pa6o'iaH napTiii BHcxaBBia cbohxx RaHAHAaTOB'B B'B 14 oapyrax'B. 
9Tn saHAOAaTH Qojy^aja orojio 30.000 toiocob'b, hphtomi oabhb 
HaB HHXB 6b[jri BufipaH'B. Bo BpeuH nocjitAHHX'B Bu6opoB'B 21 pa- 
6oqiS saHAHAarB BucxynajB B'B 12 oapyrax'B. Xoth Ba6paHB 6iiiJi'B 
CHOBa TOJiBKO ojsjiwbj OAHaKo, wh HflTH ospyraxB AOJUKHS '6euh 6aTB 
o6BaBjieHEi AonojiHOTeiBHae BU^opu h toibko Tor^a pa6oqie saa- 
AHAaTU 6ajH nofiHTii, 6iaroAapfl Apysaaii'B ycHiiaiTB ocTaiBHHX'B 
naprift. B<b o6n^eM'B KOJia^ecTBO tojiocob'b, nojiyieHHincB KanAHAaTavH 
pa6oqei napm, yaejaqtuocB hotth Ha 10.000. 3to yaeJHqeHie 
*oco6eHHO saMiTHo B'B Eajity vm,^ b'b 1893 r. pa6o?ift saHAHAaT'B 
nojiy^HjiB 1728 tgjiocob'b (renepB 3397), B'B JIosaHst (1893*— 2891, 
1896—3200) H Vh Au^eH^eAt (1893—994, 1896—1650). B:b IIid- 
pnx'b npfl emopoMh AonoJHHTejibHOM'B Bu6op'& CTapuft BOsas'B pa5o- 
HeU napriH FpeTrax^B noAyqajTB Bcero na 529 rojocoB'B Menbine cao- 
ero npoTHBHHKa (10.969 h 11.498). 9th i^H({)pu nosasiiBanT'B, hto 
B'B BeAajieRoui 6yAyHieM'B pa6oqaH napTui moisotb npoaeCTH b*b 
BaiqoHajrBHufl cob^ti 5—6 cbohx'b KaHAHAaT0B*B. 

Jl. BaciuieBCKili. 



Ml. OqctekB, 



130 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 



JlHeBHHKT> 3KypHaJiHeTa. 

H^KOTopue HTorEC 1896 ro^a. ' 
I. 

Bo MHorHXB OTHomeHiflxx dauiHaieievB ro;r^, ROTopuS tojibko ^to 
nepesEJio ^ejtOBi^ecTPO. Cerc^iBfl Bama 3a;ia?a tojibeo otm^^thtb (|>aKTiiy 
no bosmcshocth^ fo BsannHofi cbbsh h saBHCHVOCTH. Ha $aKTaxi> OAHoro 
ro^a BejBiaa ctpoetb o6idbpbuxi> o6o6n^eBifiH A^^ieKBX'B npeABBjulBift 
HO H ci iijT> DOMomEK) MOSBO jsy^me ocB'i^THTB cj[(2EHoe TeqoHie 

COBpeMeBflOt BCTOpiH. 

EcjDH iru CHa^aja BsrjrflBQHi* sa 6j[Bsafiinifl k% Hamb ABieHia 
ooBpenoBHofi HCTopiH, Ha TO, ^TO A'^jnaeicfl H padBHBaeTCfl BOEpynb 
Haoi, Bi> PocciH, TO DpesAo Bcero le MoaceHi ho aaM^TBTB, mo 
HciexiDifi roAi, aajiflBCB, noBHAHMOny, npaHUM'B npoAOJuseHieiTB npoAH* 
jrymnxi, coBepmHTeJueMi h HcnojiBHTeJieM'B saxa^'B, y»e RaK^ 6u 
pinKHBux'b wh rb roAU^ b'b cymHocTH SH^ero se p'j^oiHJi'ii h ho 
HCDojiBBju. H 8T0 BO Bciix c^epaxi) Bamefi BCTopio, bo BBimneft noJSH- 

TBKi, SaEl H BO BByTpeBEffi^ Vb 8EOB0MB^eCE0fi SB8BE, EaEl H Bl» yM- 

CTBeBHofl, 81 ofimecTBeBBofl jitaTejiiHocTB, EaEi>H B^ rocyfljapcTBeHHoS. 

Hh oaho b8i> RpynBUxi saAyMaHBUix niponpiflTiS rocyAapcTBeEEBncL se 

ccymecTBBJiocB wi 1896 rojiy, be ^^BajiBBanjfl, he faBROBafl pe^pva, 

HE CEfiflpCRie OJAU, BE BOBOO EpeCTBEBCEOO BOJIOSeflie, HE BBeA^Hie 

8€iicEaro B rcpojiCEcrc cauoyDiaBJieBia bt^ BeseifCEBXi ry6epHiax% 
Ob jtpyrofi cTopoHUy h seMCTBo, cb TaEOD aflepriett BUABEEyBmee 
BT> 1895 roAy Bunpoci o BceoCmeirb o6y^eHiE, bt> 1896 ro^y tojibko 
npoAOJisajio iio^iroTOBBTejiBHUfl paOoTH no aiouy HacroaTejiBHlfimeMy 
Bocpocy ^Bfl E Be ycDtjic em,e npHciynBTB e-b ero ocymeciBJieHiK) 

Bi vacHTaC'l, ;iocioj)EOEi saAaqE. He oahe MaTepiajiBBue ne^o- 
^eTU 6iUH Tony DpaqBHOB, HO seplAKo E HeseJiaTejibHoe cooep- 
BB^ecTBo BpeACTaBETeJD[e& pasBUxi bIaohctbI) (EaRi to EOHcraTEpo- 
MJTh E OT^erb KieacEaro none^ETCJia, mhoh) CBoeBpeMeBHO npoi;BTE- 
poBaEBuft Bi> OAHOMi H31 dTEXi JfueeuuKoei). Eme 6ojAe Toro saAop- 
sajiocB paaBBTie seHCEc fi Bpa^e^sod e caaBTapHofl noMomB HacejieHUO, 
BCTp'bTDBmee DpenETCTBie bi> HecorjuacoBaBBOCTH jii^efiEaro yotaBa 
1893 roAa ci aeECRBM'B nojioaceHieu'b e ycjiOBiaME ceJiBCico Bpa^e6flaro 
A'bjia. 3Ta aaAep&sa bi A'bJit osxopoBJieBiE, xote 6u t mbeo seMCREXi 
ry5epsifi, BtpoBTHo, cRopo ycTpaEBTca, 6j[aroAapfl yse ptmeflHOMy 
HepecMOTpy jil^efinaro ycTana, ji^ ^ero oCpaaOBana npE HEBECTep- 
CTB:b BByrpeBBflii fljkjL% oco6aii EOUEcciE. IlpE6jiEseHie rpoanoft 
BDEAeifiE Rikr BamaiTB rpaHEaaMi aacTaBTEerB ocofieHSo aROJiaTB ceo- 
pifiniaro ABHseni^ aToro A'bjsa, ^to6u HaMi ne npEmiocB ropBEO 



AHEBffBRT» SyPHAAHCTA. 131 

nosaiiTB o ojcHmROifb fiDpoKpaTH^ecKOM'B xapasTepi ycTaBa 1893 roAa. 
06iiiecTB6HHafl HHEi^iaTHBa vb HoreKmeiTL ro^y cKasaiacB h bi paxi 
BasHEiii xoAaraftoTB'B nepeA^ upaBHTeiBCTBOirB. EeiH 1895 ro^B 

BHA'i^HJGfl Fb BTOITB OTHOmeHlH CBOHMH XOXaTaflOTBailH o6b OT- 

Mini TtjrecHaro HasasaHifl, to opomiHll 1896 TOjs;h ooo66hho 6o- 
rarB xo;(aTatcTBaMH o npeoGpasoBasiE Hamefl openHe-oOpasoBaTejiB- 
Hoft yqetfaott cscTeiiii. Hsb Kypcsa, Tfl^uca, HepHHfOBa h APyrHXi 
irtcTB noorynirjrH noAo6Hiifl xojiaTaftcTBa, bcI cEJiOHflflCB sb ocia&ie- 
Hin HiH Asse OTMlHt KJiacGHi^H3ua H BB sairbHt AByx% TBnoBB cpoA- 
Bflro o6pa30BaHm oahhhb. BorarB ECTOKmill ro^B h o6mecTBeHHUJCB 
xoAaTaficTBOiTB BiicmeiiB o6pa80BaHiH. XapBROBB, EEaTepHHoojukSB 
fl'*^EKaTepHH6yprB xo^aTaScTBOBaAH 06% ooBOBaHiH BToporo ropnaro 
BHCTHTjTa, O^ecca h KieBB — TperBaro TexHoiorH^ecKaro, npa toitb 
ABa noQjLijme ropo^a ptmuH bhocth KpynHUfl nosepTBOBaHifl na 
ooymecTBJieflie cbohxb xoAaiafloiBB. Xota KOHe«iHO KopHH BToro ma- 
poKaro o6meoTBeHHaro ABflseBis kb pacmHpeHiD HapoAHaro, opoAHiiro 
H Bucmaro ofipasoBaHiii h saAO HC&aiB vh npomjioM HCTopia Hamero 
oCmecTBa, tImb ho ueaie HasBaTB ero apaiiuirB npoAOfsemenB se- 
nocpeACTBesBaro npeAUAymaro 6ujio 611I omH6xoi). HenoopoACTBeHBoe 
npomioe 6ujlo AaJieso se 6oraTO BHBiiaHieMB kb saAaqaMB npocB&- 
mesifl, Aa h Tenepb en^e saTpyABHTeJibEO yTBepssAaiB, ^Tofifii npo6y- 
ABBmeecfl ofimecTBeHEoe BBHMaBie kb BonpucauB npocBimenui yse 
npifBecjio njioAU b noBOJiefiajio ycTaHOBBBmjDOfl pyTBay. yKasaHHoe 
npo6ysA6Hie o6iii(eoTBeBBaro BBBMaflifl b BBJiflercfl noaiOMy, kbkb mh 
CKasajiH, 6oji'&e yKasaTOJieuir 6yAyn(aro, BesejiB BosoiBBTeAeMB 3aBi« 
TOB'B BeAaBHaro npoHiJiaro. 

dToro BpaTKaro pesioue le^eBiB pycoKot rooyAapcTBesEoft b o6fl^e- 

CTBeBBOfl SB3BB BB 1896 FOAy, MBI KaSOTOB, ySe AOCTaiO^BO, qT06fiI 

onpaBABTB BamB buboa'b: MBByBiniA roAB b6 cBepsyiB OB*paBBflie 
BaMlqeBBUXB BCTOpfl^ecRBX^ nyxefi, bo Bflqero aa btbxb nyrax^ ae 
BcnojiEBiB; ovb Be BctynajB aa bbub nyTB, ao, noBBAflMOBy, Koe- 
^0 BaviTBJi'B a noAroTOBBJTb vb 8T0MB BanpaBAeaiB. He to se la 
oaHoe BaHtHaeuB uu b bo BBimaei BOTopia aafflefl? noAA^psaaie 
status quo 6kio aamex) saAaqeD a bb 1896 roAy, kbkb a bb npeAUAy- 
Bi^XB, ^paBKO-pycoKifl C0108B a bb dTOHB roAy cjiysajiB ocbobod aameft 
bcjbtbbb, noJiy^BBB caaoe fijiacTaTeiBaoe a TopsecTBeaiioe noATBepsAe- 
Eie, BO OB AP7i*o8 CTopoau, se bb otomb la 1896 roAy, BnepBBie cb 
1891 roAa, ofiaapysHica a CBpuTEifl aaTaroaasHB acropBqecKBX'b tb- 
^esia AByx'b codsbux'b aaiUfl? Bb aaojitACTBo 6iBacaflniflin» roAaicB 
Mu nepeAaeiTB aeTpoayTiiHB status quo aa BocTOKi a i|)paBEo-pyo- 
CKia coudB, bo dyAyniee anleTB npaso saAyMaxBca aaAB BTBHa flBieHiaim, 
a npaso bto Aaao cofiuTiaaa BoreKmaro roAa. Kb BonpooaHB MesAy- 
BapoAaaro nojioseaia bb aaoroanxee BpeHa, BaKi oao cosabbo bcto- 
pied BoieKUiaro roAa, mi en^e BosBpaTaaca Base. Teuepi* ace uu 
xorbAa OTirbraTB tojibko atKOTopaa o6mia qepTii, xapasTepadyiomifl 
Eauiy Baimann a BByTpeaanx) acTopin 1896 roAa. IIoBBABMOMy, 

9* 



132 PyCGROE BOrATCTBO. 

ToiBoe H BipHoe npoxoiseflle HeAaBHaro irpomjiaro; bi ;^8GTBiiTejEL- 
HocTF SQ, noj[(roTOBRa Hero to soBaro,— e^Ba-JiH aro ho tijAerb HaH6o« 
jAe o6meK) xapaKTepHcrasoi) nepesHiaro HavK ro^a. 

To.secaHoe se Tpy^HO noAHiTBTB^ odpan^aacB vh BKOHOiraqecRofi 
HOTOpiH 1896 roAa. 

Bl HaoTOfln^ee Bpeim Hame MHHHcrepcTBo $HHaHOOB% sHaerB, qero 
sejaoTL, RaRi to bhaho hsi BcenoAAaHHtfimaro ^oiuaAa ki poonHcii 
1897 r. YKaaaBt sa to, tto norpefijieHie vh Pocoin pocrerB, r. mh- 
HHcrpi $HflaHC0Bi» BUBOABTB, ^0 BOo6]qe 6jiarococToaHie napoAHoe 
Tose BOspacTaerb. SBriwb sair^HaerB: <EOHe?HO, 9to ho OTstnaeTB 
eme sa Bonpoci, noiynaeTOH-xH BospaoTanmaa ojifMa iipb6iitrob^ 
nyxeiTB paBsoirbpHaro noAxeMa ypoBHfl 6jiarocooTOflBiH Bcixi RiaocoBi, 
UH se njTeiTB 6ojAe 6EiCTparo xosflficTseHHaro nporpecca nEmb wh* 
KOTopuTB rpyniFB HacejieHifl. HysHo AyvaTB, ^o ini HuieirB a^o 
<rB npomeccoiTB BToporo poAa, rbri bto hitIjio ubcTo h bo bc^x'k 
ApyrHTB crpaBaxi, npn nepexoAb otb ^cTO-cencRO-xoBflflcTBeHHaro 
uepioAa SROHOMH^eoROft siishh h OHCieMu naTypanHaro xoBflficTBa rib 
nepioAy npomimxeHHouy h oHOTeiit AOHesHaro xosaftcTBa. Mosho, 

ROFe^HO, OTHOCETbCa KpHTH^eCRH Rl HOpflASy X03JlflCTBeHHarO paaBHTUI 

RyzBTypHBixi cxpaHi; OAHaRO, Ao caro BpoMOHH en^e He yRasaso 
npaRTH^ecRHX'B cnoco6oBi paspiineHiH saAa^H paBHOMipHaro xosafi- 
GTBOHHaro pasBHTifl Bcixi RjiaocoBi Haoej[^Hifl». 9th otporb oqeHB 
SEaueHaTeJEBHu... 

^OHesHaa pe^opua, TaR'B BOXHOBaBinafl Hame o6ii^eoTBo bi o6o3pi- 
BaevoHi 1896 roAy, Tose xenco HoxerB 6eitb BRXiOHeHa vh 
vfiuh flBxenltt TOXBRo HTO yKasaHHaro 8Ha?eHifl. fl He co- 
6HpaH)0B ^'bcB o6cysA&TB Ty ^opuy, wb BOTopyi) npeAHOxaraiooB 
OTXHTB B030TaH0BxeHie MaTaxxH^eoRaro o6paii^6Hifl h nepexoAi R% so- 
xoToft BaxDii vh PocciH. 06% btom^b o^esB uHoro nncaxH, roBopHXK 
H cDopvxH B'B 1896 TOAy. H y HacB, Bi <PyocROirB BoraTCTBi* HH- 
TaTexH HorxH HatTH noApotiHiift aHaxnrb vb oiaTBt H. 6. AHHeHCRaro, 
Bi «XpoflHRi^ BHyrpeHHeft sh8hh» (1896 r., >E 5). %o npeAnoxaraa- 
maflcfl $opMa neyAa^Ha, bto buaohhxoob hs'b noxeHHRH AOcraTono 

OTHOTXEBO. BUECHEXOCBi OAHaRO, B*B TO SO BpeUfl, HTO Bl> TOfi EXE HEOft 

$opirt saAa^a BoscTaHOBxeEia HeTaxxHHecRaro otipamenifl tyb nepexo- 
Aoifb Kh aoxoToft BaiDTi BOBce Eo EoserB c^ETaTBca a^a PoccIe 
Heocyn^ecTBHEoi) yronieS. IIpE EaxE^HOCTE 750 eexxioeobi pySxeft 
Bi soxoTfi, ofiesiiewBanic^eM'B 1 UExxiapA'B 200 mexxIohobi p;6xeft 
06paiiiaK)iitExca RpeAHTEUxi CExeTOBi*; npE bsbIctsomi Eeo6xoAEMOirB 
npoi^eETJ^ RpeAETHux^b fiExeioBi, yHEHToaceHHHX'B E Ecnopqessuxi; 
nps fleBosEosHOGTE npeAnoxosoHiE o npeAi»EBxeslH vb ofiHtEy Bcrbxi 

COXpaHEBIHEXCfl 6HXeT0B'B, 0006eHEO Vb BBAy 06fflEpEar0 paftOHa EXl 

06paiiieE]fl E HenpEBUiRE ri veTaxxE^ecROMy o6pan^eElx), e cyni^e- 
CTBOBasiE ynopELixi vb pyrEii saxoxycxifl; saROEei^, npE BOSEoaR- 
BOCTE CA'&XaTB AOnOXHETeXBHH[ft BOXOTOft saovB, — saAB^B, oqeBEAHo, 
paspiniEEa. Heo6xoAEEU jiM BTOro MEpi, OTcyTCTBie BaRBXi xEfo 



AH8BHHR1> SyPHAJIflCTA. 133 

oepi»68Hiixi aROHOMH^eoKHXi noTpflceflift h noAXOAflH^aa ^opiia, ci 
SHaHieifB Aiaa saAyiiaBHaat ncKycflo e sacTOfi^HBo npoBeAesHafl, 
Mh He 6epeMCfl 6utb npopoRaMH b% btomi OTHouiefliH n npoACKasti- 
BaiB HonpeMtHHyx) najiHuocTb Bcixi bthxi 6iaronpiflTHiaxi> ycjioBift. 
A'&ia Ha BociOKt o^enb Heyorofi^HBU, h mhp'b uoserb 6uTb napy- 
meH'B BO BCHKoe BpeMH BonpeRH sejiaHiio jsfiusiQ Bcixb A^psaBX, 
OrpainHafl anHAeiiia pasiHBaeToa HUfli no asiaicKOMy MaxepRKy h jtfijse 
Bi ciyqai, ecia yAaerca orpaAHTb PoccId orb ea BTopseBlH, OAHa 
<iopb6a cb aiHMb BiopseflieMb, oaho ea noHBJieHie wb Esponl Mosen 
BusBaTb BKOflOMflqecRifl noTpflceaifl. HaKOHei](b, 6yAerb-u yA&uo 
Bufipana $opva ocyn^ecTBJieHia saAyMaHHaro A'^a, paao ente raA&TB, 
BOFAa axa ^opua He BUflCHHJxacb. IloaTOMy Bce to, ^to mu CKaseHi 
no aioMy Boopocy hhso, othochtch JUHmb k% uden BOScraHOBieHia 
KexauHqecKaro oCpan^enifl cb nepexoAOMb k^ soAOTok Bauorb e^bi 
TOHy cjiyqaio, ecAH HAea SyAOib yAaqno flpoBeAeaa npn HaJiaqHooTH 
HeofixoAHHBixi fijaroapiflTHiaxb ycjiOBift. 

Bb Teqeflie cminKOMb copoKa Jiixb) oo BpeHOHH npoKpan^eHiA Bb 

KpUMCKyX) BOflHy paSMiHa KpOAflTHUXb 6HJeT0Bb, lOI nOJ[b30BaiHGb 

i^flCTeuoK) 6yMasHaro A^HeaKaaro o6paii^eHUi, ho oCesaeqeHnaro obo- 
<!oAHiini'b pasMtaoMb Ha MeTaiJiHqecRyio HoaeTy, npn qeicb chokokl 
Biaa Hama BaJiioTa Hcqncjifljiacb na cepeSpo. Heo6e3neqeHHoe 6yMas- 
Hoe AOHe^Hoe odpan^eaie h cepefipanaa Bajuora — raKOBiii ABa ocaoB- 
Hiixb ycTOfl HameM A6HesHofl cBCTeMu. 06a atn ycToa craBgrb 
Hamy aaoHOHHqecKyK) sasHb bi noioaceaie, HSBlcTHoe Wb nayict aoAb 
. BHeseMb HeoffesonaiueHuato npouaeodcmea. Eosh bh cejiHiecb Ha 
TeppHTopiH, coc^ABoi BapBapcKOMy hib A^iKOMy njieiieHH, oxxaqaK)- 
nieMyca paafiofiBBqbHHH HaooHHOCTflMH^ h ^tcb HaqaHaexe aeiue- 
AtJbqecEyi) Kyibiypy, ropaoe julr jitcHoe Atio, ToproBoe npeAnpiaiie 
> T. n., TO Bu craBflxe cBofi npoHHcejib, hmohho, Bb aio noioseme 
Heo6e3onameHHaro npoBSBOACiBa. 8to caiuift npooroi ojiyqaft, ho Ha 
Heifb coBepmeHHo HBCTBeHHO BBAHo Bce SHaqeHie yKaaaaflaro yoioBU 
HeoCeaonameHHocTH. BosMOSHOCTb EpynHHXb yfiuxKOBb AoaBomerb 
BosHBRHOBeHie pasHuxi xoaaficTBeflHuxb npeAnpiaxiS na axoti Teppa- 
Topifl xHmb npB ycjiOBia oqeab BucoKBXb fiapjamefl, SHaqflTejibHo npe- 
Bumaioniiaxb HopMaj[bB£iS 6apuinb A^HHaro BpeiieHB e MtcTa. TaKflHii 
ofipaaoMb, oAHo onaceme pa36oftaHqbBX'b Ha6iroBi» CTioHaen xoaaft- 
OTBOHfloe pasBHTie npeA^iaMB oco6o bufoaeuxi xoaaflOTBeEHUXi 
jcioBift, TOFAa KaRi nepiOABqecRE noBTopaioii^ieoa Ha6trH oxb apa^ 
MOHB Ao BpeMegE jiflinaioTb bto pasBExie e rbxb peayibxaxoBb h 
ycntxoBb, KOTopue AocTErflyxu. To ace canoe saMiqaeroE e npa Bca- 
KOMb Eeo6e3onaineHfloM% npoESBOAcxBi, npE aAEBEHCTpaxEBEOMb 668- 
sasofliE, npE cyAe6H0& noARyoHocxB, npE BoodeaneqeEHOMb 6yHax- 
HOMi AeEesBOMX o6paii^efliE, a Bb nocjitABee Bpena e npE cepe6pfl- 
Hoft Baj[K)ii. noflCEEHb samy vucjib. 

Hxo xaRoe Bb oyn^aocTE Eeo6e3Eeq6EBoe 6yHasEo-AeEesEoe o6pa^ 
iiieHie Bb paacaaxpEBaeiiOHb naMB OTflomeBia? 9to npesAO BoerOHe- 






134 PyCGKOB BOrATCTBO. 

6e30DacH0CTB Beasofl cj^biui Ha csonso UE&jXb SHa^HTejibHiift cpoR'L 
npH Bcer^a HiKoropofl .onacsocTE o^esb cepLesHux'B yduTKOBi. Bi^ 
1870 roAY, AO o6-hBBJiemK $paHKO-repMaBCKott boShu, Banu npe- 
jpsTBue 6HJI6TH npHHEMaiHCB Bcuj^y 3a 3^1, ^paHKa. no nepBOi 
TexerpaMirt o BoflHi, ^m> soTopoft Poccifl ho npHHHMaJia, oxHaxo^ 
yqacm, ohh yaaJiH jsfi 2^4 <|^p., npB6jia8HTejubHO na oahj TpeiB Hd- 
AaBHeft i^HEi. Bci ojiaTeaBmBSH BUHrpaiH btewb 3070| Bci noiy- 
UTeJTH noTepflJiH. dTo, noHCTHHt^ CTOHTL oavaFO onycTOniHTejBHaro 
pa86oiiHHqBflro HamecTBifl. MbjuIohu, ocjih H6 iiHJjriapAU, nepeiiioTB- 
JKHOL Hsi OAHoro KapHasa vh ApyroS. BoJUBniHHCTBo orpa6xeHHK[xi> Aojiro 
DToro ;iase He SHaio, ho pano bjih bosaho B&b ohh noqyBCTBOBajrH,. 
xoTfl MHorie, 6utb hosotb, HHKorAa h6 Aora^aJiHOB o npHHant nocTHr- 
Hiaro HX'B pa33opeHifl. dTO spynHOC Gt^mhle, bi apBofi h KpacHopt- 
OBOt ^opici. He CTOJB b^^^^ktho, ho 3a to hoctohbho h3i roAaB'B 
ro^ npoHCxoABJio to so caMoe vh Teqenie Bcero copoKajriTHflro oe-^ 
pioAa HeofiesneHCHHaro fiyvasHO-AeBesHaro oGpan^eHia. Ha 6ojiBniyi> 
oymry BUBe3JiE h31 PoccIh TOBapoBi, nypoi noBumaeTCH h TepaioTB 
uaTOJiBmERH. Ha ueHBmyi) cyMMy— Rypci noHHsaetcfl, Tepanrb no- 
jn^Te^H. Hhkto AooroBibpHo He mosotb npeABHAiTb, ne noTepflerB- 
IH owh 6ojrke hjth Menie sna^HTejiBHo na Toft hjih Apyrofi xosaiicr- 
BeHHoA onepai^iH, ooBepmeHHo He3aBHCHiio otb ea ycnixa. dia neoSes- 
onameHHOCTB, KaRi mi yse yRasaiH Btime, AOJsna HeH36tsHo booth 

R*B He06X0JlBM0CTH OHJTBHO HOBUCHTB npeAHpHBHMaTeJIBCRyJO npH6HJLB 

Xifl TOro, HTofiu RaoHTas'B corjiacHicfl saTpaTHTBCH B^ npeAnpiHTifl, 
Kb orpaBH^eniK) npoMunueHHoft h ToproBofl npeAnpiBM^mBocTH npe- . 
jijkxAMR oco6o BuroABEix^ ycjiOBiK, Kh iipeDe6peseHiK) o6mHpHaro noiui 
HHa^e B03H0SHUXT> H BBiroAHUX'B HpeAnpiflTiS, CJOBOM'B, Ri CTicHenija 
H Ba^epsRii dROHOUH^ecRaro pasBHTiH cxpaHH. HoRa crpana Haxo- 
AHTGH 3% yciOBiax'B HaxypaiBHaro xo3HficTBa, ona HOcerB, npaBAa, 

y6STRH Ba MeXAyHapOAHOtfl pUHKi, HO O^eHBRpynHBlX'BBHyTpeHHHX'B 

nOTpflceHifi ne HcmiTiiBaeTb. Ob nepexonoMi ri AoaesHoiiy xosaficTBy 
paBBiiie CTaHOBHTCfl bo3uosho h mucjihmo JiHmB npH ycjioBiH ycTOft- 
YHBO&, o6e3neqeHHOft, o6c3onanieHHOft AeHoxHofi oHCTeiiu. MeTaiJume- 
ORoe AOHOsHoe o6panieHie h boiotbh BajiDTa, bi ycjioBi^xi* MlcTa h 

BpeMeHH, H MOrjTl HBHTBCH TBROB) yCTOM^BBOK) AOHeSHOD CHOreMOD. 

nocToflHHoe naAOHie i^hu cepetipa oxqacTH npEpaBHHBaeTB oepe6pflHyK> 
BaiDiy Kb Heo6e3neqeHHOMy 6yMa3RHO-AOHesHOMy o6panieHii), xoth, 
Rone^ao, sa^ob ho mosbtb 6utb tbrhxI) Rpynnuxi cRa^ROBB, a, oiii- 

AOBBTeiBHO, H TBRHXl RpyOHHrX'B nOTOpB. 

Bi BumenpHBeAeflHOMii jticrb BcenoAAaHfli^ftBiaro AORJiaAa r. mh- 

HHCTpi (j[)BHaHC0Bl> rOBOpHTCfl HOpOXOAt pyCCROfl aROHOHH^eCROft 

a;H3HH OTB CHCT6MU HaxypanBHaro xoBaficTaa rb CHCieirb xo3flftoTB& 
AeaesHaro. £cih npaBHaiB sxy BBojooiiiJK) n HeasdisHoi), h sejuaTOiiB- 
EOD, TO HaAO efi a&tb h HeobxoAHMUfl yoAOBia pasBBTur. Hpeodpa^ 
BOBaHie AonesHOft CHCTeMu aBJueTCH TaEHMB ochobbumb h Heo6xo« 
AHMUHB ycioBieiTB. BoBce ne 6yAyw ctopohhhrohb RanaTaJUHCTHqe- 



;^HEBHHK^b atFPflAlHCTA.. 138 

eMro pasBHTifl, a ne Mory Be npoaaaTB, owaKO, ^to bx ycjiOBiflxt Micra 
V BpeMGHH AeHeanaa pe$opMa npeACiaBJiaeTca BKOHOMHqeoEoi) Heo6- 
xoAHMOCTbD. Heo6e3neqeHHoe 6yMaaHO-AeHe»Hoe o6pameHie HHCKOJbKO 
He BwepaHBaeTL ^po^ecca KannraJiHaai^iH aoxo^obi (oKopie jiflse 
o6jierqaeTB), ho aBJweToa o^eaB cepBeaaoH) BaAepHKO© am KanaTajra- 
saiqa npoMHCja. ^I^pyraiiH cjiOBaan, He ooraaaBiiflBaa xo3a8oTBeagaro 
ynaAKa MaiOMomaun ^py^a^ aacejieHia, coBpeaeaaaa Aeaeaaaa oa- 
cTema aaTpyAHaert pasBOTie xoaaBcTBeaaHxi npeAnpiaTift, KyAa momh 
6u 6uTb npaaiaeau ocBo6o3K:^aDmiaca pyaa... 

HejBBaa ae oTMtxHTB Apyro* ^'^ Bucniea cieiieHH Baanoft, TO«e 
qaoTO BKOHOMaqecKofl CTopoaw A^seaaofl pe^opaa (ceroAaa a He 
Kacawcb ea ^aaaflcoBOft CTopoHH, cmhikomt, cnei^iaJibHoS Ansi roAai- 
naro o63opa). SL roBopx) o tomi HecoMHtnaoMi oecroaTejibCTBt, w 
BOSCTaaoBJieHie MeiajuiaqecKaro Aeaeaaaro o6pameaia a oAo6peaie 
BOJioToft BaJiiDTH Bi rpoMaABOMT* MaciHTaSt o6jierqaTb npaxoab aaooT- 
paHaHXi aanarajiOBi b^ PoccIh) a hxt, saipary bi pyccma Hpoanai- 
jieaaua npeAnpiaxia. H lenepb aaocrpaaaue Eanaiajiu oxoTao npa- 
jiBBawrb Bi PocciD, ho npa BHrneofr^acaeaaoS Heo6e3onaffleHHacTH 
npoB3BOAOTBa TpeSyioTb o^eab bhcokhxt* npaoiuefi opaBaaTeibao Vb 
TbMH, KOTOpHMa AOBOJQ[bCTByH)Tca AOMa a, Boo6me, B-b cxpaaax'b Cb o6e3 - 
ne^eHHHHi AeneaHiiM'b oSpameaieiiii, Caflbaua ae npaJraB-b aao- 
cxpaaaaro EauaraJia BHaMeayerb o^eab, o^eab Maoroe: a noaaaenie 
paaoTOaro npoi;eaTa, a 6oai4e ducrpyH) KanaTaaa3aa,iH) Aoaaoiaaxi 
a KycTapaHX^ npoMHCJioB-b, a B03iioaaocTb btoH Kaaaxaiaaaipa npo- 
MHCJioB^ 6e3T> npeABapaiejibaofi KaaHTajia3ai;ia aoxoaob^, a rpoaaAaHl 
eaeroAaHfi otjhb'b aojioia sa rpaaamy bi» bha* npafiajiefl a m^^' 
AOHTOB^ Ha saTpaneaaHe aaooipaaHHe KanHiaiH, a Maoroe APyro®- 
3to npa ycJiOBia rocnoACTBa npoieKnioaasMa, aoaeqao. llpa ycJioaia 
cBoOoAHoft ToproBJia nepcneKTHBH 6hjib 6h aicaoabKO aaaa, ho 
yojiOBie bto OABa-Jin aifberb maacu 6jiH3Karo ocynteciBJieaia. 

A ae Bxoay bi* 6oJD[ie noApo6afi[& aaajias'b aBieaia, aa KOTopovb 
KH ocTaaoBBia Tenepb aame samiaaie. 3ro aac^ a^^^ko yseio 6h 
OTb cioaeTa. GKasaaaaro, OAaaao, xaseTca hh&, AoaojibHo, qiofisi 
onpaBAaxb Bume BucKasaHaoe MH'iBie o A^Heaaofi pe^opat, aaK'b 
oABOMi B8i> aaeabeB'b i^inn paaie oTM^^eaauxi aaaa dKoaoHa<ie- 
caaxi BBJieaia orqeiaaro roAa. 

Hame o6H^eeTBO aaaHiiaao m> acreKmeirb roAy Taaae a apiexb- 
Hoe ABaaeaie bi* 8eMjieA'ihQ>qecE0M'b HacejieHia lOaaofl Pocoia^ 
B036yaAeHaoe othbcth ho aBai],iaTaBt r. JleBHi^Karo. Oiaocacb ci 
Hcspeaaaa'b coqyBCTBieirb ki aioft 6jiaropoAaoft BaHi^iaTBBt, a He 
Mory npaaaaTb ynouaayToe apieibaoe ABaaeaie aa ai^ro sna^a- 
TejibHoe, KOTopoe mofjio 6bi 6uTb npoTBBynocraBjieHOBanHTajEaoTa- 
qecKOM]. HecoMHtHHo, aacrynajio h AJia pyccaofi dRoaoHH^ecKoft aasaa 
BpeHfl o6o6ii^ecTBJieaia npoiaabACTBa; qaoTbio bto Bpena yae aa- 
crynHio, KaKi xojibKo ^ro caaaaHO, qacTbu nacryaaerb. KapAaaaibHuft 
Bonpocb Bi» TOMi, Heo6xoAHM'b JIB jifB BTOFO KanBTaiHaiii, Kaai TO 



136 PyCGKOis BOrATCTBO. 

6uMo sa 3an&Ai, bu o6o6mficrBzejm boshosho 6681 Kainrraii* 
8aI^£, 52 Ha^axaxB KpynHaro ofin^ecTBeHHaro idpcxoro xosaftcTBa. 
^P^eAK r. JleBHAKaro, bth HaioMomHHe, JiajiiocBftATWe, BpeMOHHHe 
^ ofiesonameHHue* codbu BsaHUHoi noHon^H, kohowo, AaJieBo ho ot- 
Bi^asTb aaAa^t. BoABinaA oiDH6Ea pascMaTpsBaTB bxi, saRi na- 
^aio caHOOToaTejBHaro HeKanHiajiHCTH^ecKaro xoaaficTBeEHaro npo- 
rpecca. TtMi se MOHie, nocKOUKy oHt jcniBanTi onacaxb orb (Sihs- 
saro pasopeHifl 6oite uh MeH'be aHa^HiejiBHoe ^hqio ABopoBi, bth 
apreflu ojiysarb CjAymeiiy, ofiJierqaDTB e^BaxH ho HeHHsyeMO AOisen- 
CTByDmitt HaciynHTb npoi^ecci cavocroaTeibBaro HapoflHo bko homH' 
^ecEaro pasBHTia. HImi* fiojibsie laEExi npeAoxpaHHTejEbBurb cTeuii- 
Buxi KOjinaBOB'b BOSABBrHeTca no smuj sameft semjiii, rbwb xer^e, 
cnopte H cKople 6jjifiTh aro EapoAHo-aBOBOMHHecRoe pasBBxie bi 6yAy- 
mfiWb H irbirb Mes'i.e ropa, Gojilsflefi h BapoaueBiA bi Hacrofln^eirb. 
HeHOseMiMiiBasBaTbapTeJiH r. JleBHiucaro nepBoio xacTOWOK) np H6iH* 
-mDn^eflca BecBU BapoABO-xoaflficTBeBBaro pasBHrifl, so ne M02ge M'b ho 
ymixwrh odmecTBeBJioe BBHiiaaie n ebmt* bi 1896 ro^y, EaKi* 
OAEfl'b flai cepbesBuxik (t^aKTOBii aROBOHBHecKoft HcropiH aToro ro^a. 

I Mu BadBaiH BtKOTopufl aKOHOMB^ecKifl co6uTiA pyccKaro 189 6 roAa . 
Kasie aca HiorH noABeAoirb mi noA'b aiauE pnAaiui sepaBso^i- 
Huxi ^asTOBx? He rb se n canue, ^o boaboxb hocjA nepecMorpa 
^axTOBi BBimBefl h BsyipeBBefi bojibtbkh, rocyAapcTB6HBOfi h o6- 
mecTBeBBOfi sB3BH?EMeHBo: roA'b 1896 cTapaxca 6uTb ToxbKo^npoAOx- 
saieieirb, HcnouBTeieirb h coBepmHreieicb Hanararo bi npeAi»HAy- 
n^em nepiOAt, no sB^ero aa aiBxi nyiflxi* bo HcaoiHfljrb h ho co- 
BepmExi; BautiBiBCb OT^aciB axn nyTE. Ha^ero se A^^aoTCA cpaay, 
Bce Biiierb EopsE \n> BpomeAineM'b, oco6eBflo TaKui MeAxeflBO aa- 
Eonjannuiicfl asJieBia, EaBi aKOHOMB^ecsifl. HaAO nouBBTb ary oro- 
BopKy, mo6u noBBTb Barny xapaKTepflCTBKy... 

yMCTBeflBaa 2ee8bj» 1896 roAa filAaa ^asTaKB, cEoxbKo-Hfl6yAb 
apEEMH flBxeBiflMB. H:bROTopoe BoaposA^Bie ToxcraaMa vb o6hobj[6b- 
Hoi ^pMi Ba cTpaBBi];ax'b €HeAiJiE>, BeosEAasBafl noxeHERa MesAy 
axEME EOfiOTOxcTECTaME E «EapoABflRaME» Hoeaio C/Jtotfo, npoAoiisaD- 
E^eecfl cavooDpeAixeflie aROBOEE^ecEaro MaTeplasESJia, npoAOjnaio- 
maacE noAeEERa aa axoS no^i, — Borb Tb ne o^eEb rxyfioRia 
yHOTBeBBua Te^eaia, aoTOpbia cboemi nepenxeTOirb Qieraa pafiais 
noBepxEocTb Bamero yHCTBeEBaro vopa. Hto to apierb Vb ero riy- 
6EEaxi?ME'bAyvaeTca, ae TOicrasM'b, EeEapoABHHecTBO,BeMapROE3E[i>, 
no Rpaflflefi aipt aa oabo aai atEXi TeqeEifi vb exi 00BpeMeEE0M% 
BEA^ fl yfipascTBt... CaBmROMi yaRia e OAEOcropoEEia, oxamRoirb 
npBROBaBBua aasAoe Ri oneab orpaaa^eaaoMy i^BRxy o6n;ecTBea- 
aiixb aBxeflifl, aa oaeo aai asx-b, e6 npeo6pa30fiaBmECb RopeEsuMi 
o6pa80Mi, Be BocnpESflsi 6QjAe paaEOCTopoEEEro coAepsaaia, e« 
oxBaTEB'b wb cBoeai MipOBoaaplBiE 6ojLie niEpoRBX'b ropEaoETOBi, e« 
Hoserb paac^ETUBaTb oiaxb ECTOiROBaTejieM'b coBpeiieEsooxE, aa 
EysAi, Ayai e aaAaqi. 



AHEBHHR1> SyPHAJUHCTA. 137 



n. 



Htofb pyocKofi HCTopiH 3a 1896 roA'b noABejifiWb HaifH Bi Touii 
cioiGjii, ^To vh 8T0Mi» po;^ no^jBCTBOBaJiocB KaKX 6ei saMeAJieHie abh- 
soHia, saBtn^aHHaro |HeAaBHEMi> npommMi, BM'facTi (n> cHHQTOUOH'b 
^ero TO HOBaro, sa^HHaHm^aroca. IIoAHflBniHCb eiEce Hidkojn»KHHH cry- 
noHflMH Bume h oxBara b'& oahhi» ropHaoHii BceHipHyD ncropiio 
1896 ro^a, mei lyqine yflCHHUii cedi b Tb ^pameHTu Hamefi Hcropin, 
fiOTopue KM noHHTajiHCB CB6CTH B^b o^Hy KapTHHy Ha npeAUAyniHX'B 
crpaHHi^ax'B. 

He OAHa Poccifl b-b 1896 ro;^y c^iiajia p'lmHTejiBHiift marB ri 
o6e8(>naineHiH) npoHSBOACTBa nepexojioHi k:l sojiotoh Bajnorb. To se 
pimeflie dphhato bi AmophkI, rAt npesHAeHTosie B£r6opu 4 H0fl6pfl 
ptniBiH 8T0Tb Bonpoo'L 6e3noBopoTHO H FA*^ Bi 1897 roAy, KaRi H y 
Haci, npeAciaBioHo 8To pimeHle ocyn^ecTBHTB na npaRTHKi. He 
Aajiie, Kasii bi Moeu'B H0fl6pBCS0M'B ^neenuKrhi fl pobophjtb o6i» dTOMi 
HaoTOJiBRo noApodHo, ^TO oeroAHfl orpaHH^ycB HeMHoniUH saMiqaHiflVH. 
roAOHx paHBme AHrjifl 3aHiHHJ[a h bi HhaIb cepefipBHyio BansTy 
30JI0T0H). 8to noKasuBaio, ^to a^ BKOHOMH^eoKH ^epeA0fiE[x^ cTpan^ 
Buwb BHroAHO o6e3onameHie npoasBOAOTea bi> BsoHOHHqecRH orcTa- 
iKXT> cTpanaxi. HpesA^ bto 6ujio HeBuroAHo, noTOMy ^to TorAa ry- 
sejiHafl npoMEimjieHHOCTb uorja KOHKyppHpoBaTB cb bboshod varb ne- 
peAOBuxi cTpaHi>, KOTopua cBoe aKOHOMB^ecKoe npecfijiaAaBie crpoEiH 
H onspajiH HMeHHO Ha 0Ha6seHiH cbohmh $a6pHBaTaMH CTpaHi oTCTa- 
jQixi, dTHX'B npecjioBytuxi <piiHKOB'B», H31 sa ROTopux'B npojmro 

CTOJILRO HeJOBt^eCROfi RpOBH, H l^HBHJHSOBaHHOfi, H BapBapCROfi. B'b 

HacTOfloiiee se Bpeiui npoHsonuia o^eHB 3HaMeHatejrBHafl BBOJUonifl 
HepeAOBBifl cTpanu HaHHHanrb onspaTB CBoe BRoHOMH^ecRoe rocnoA- 
<sTBo 6ojLie Ha aaTpaTU cbohxt> RanHTajioB'L Bi TyseiiHys) npoHunuieH- 
HOCTB oTcrajiux'B crpavB, opHHOcamyH) 6ojAq BucoRie 6apMinH. Ho- 
dTOMy, npesA^ BapBapcRoe cocToanie cpuHEOBi), H6o6e8onaineHHOe 

UpOHSBOAOTBO B'B CTpaHaXl OTCiaJIUXB 6UJIE BiirOAHH dROHOMH^eCRH 

rocnoACTByn^flii'B crpaHam, a npoTeRi^ioHBBirB fb OTcrajoiX'B crpanax^ 
HeBuroAeHi. TenepL Hao6opoTi: npoTeRipoHHSirB BuroAOHi, a Heo6e8- 
ODameHHOOTb pasopHrejiBHa. Anrjiifl bi HhaIh bboahtb ^ojlotjjd sajixrry 
01 n^hio o6e3onacHTb npoHBBOACTBO otb ROJiefiaHia wb niwb cepe6pa 
H oGeraBjiflerb (B'b 1895 r.) HHAtftcRoe DpoHSBOACTBo nporeRiiiOH- 
HUiTb rapHj^oiTB. SojioTaH BaJiDTa h npoieRi^iOHHSirL, ara aHrilMcRafl 
nporpaHMa jijisi HHAiK, oaHR^ioHBpoBaHa bi 1896 roAy h a^^ Aiie- 
pHRH no6iAOv> MaRi-KHHiefl. Ona h ootb Ta nporpaMMa, ROTOpaA 
HysHa H BHroAHa dROHOMHqecRH rocnoACTByK)n(HMi> Hai^uDTL. 

Bi> o6o3piHiH 1895 roAa {Pyc. Eo%. 1896 r. }6J^& 1 h 2) loi 
ocTaHOBHJmoB em^e na oahoitb o^ohb xapasTepHoirb jifia coBpoHeHHaro 
HCTopH^ecRaro HomeHTa HKieHil, npeAoraBiflioni^eHCfl ueo6xoAHMBiin> 
nocjrlACTBieiTb aroro HOBaro RO^ynn^aro RanHiajia, npoHHRamn^aro 



138 P;^CGKOB BOrATCTBO. 

Bcio;^y B'B noHCRax'B 8a bucorhhh npnOujiflMH. 3to ABJieHie oco6eHHO 
apRO cRaaaiocB bi AHrjiiH, HMeHao ocHOBaaie tsr^ Hasubaeiifiix'B 
xaproBaHHUx'b ROMnaHift, chartered company, VLwkJomjiVb cBoe rocy- 
j][apcTBeHH06 yupaBJieHie, boScko, ^HnjioiiaTiR), BeAyiRHXii boKhbi, saRJuo- 
^ason^HX'B TpaRTaTH, saBoeBtiBaioniHX'B seiiJiH. ^st xaRHX^ ROMimaHiH 
sacxaBJiajH o .ce64 Msoro roBopHTL Bt ofioaptBaenoMi 1896 roAy^ 
South Africin Chartered Company h West African. K)aHO-A$pHRaH- 
cRaa ROMnaHifl ci> HSBtcTHUM'B CecBieiii Poacomi bo rjiast npocjiaBHiHOB 
Bi 1895 ro^y GBOHSfb paaQoSHH^bHtfi Ha6troM'b Ha l^paHCBaajiBORyi) 
pecny6jLHRy, naG'broM'B, ctojib ne^aJiBHO OROH^BBmnMCfl ajia nocjiaHHaro- 
ex) Jl^seiicoHa. 1896 roAi BHiits-b AHRBB^^ai^iK) aroro a^^^i cyA^ k 
npnroBopi Ha^ii ^seucoHOM-b, OTcraeRy C^cn^ifl Po^ca, csaHAaiibHiUi 
pa3o6j[a^eHifl o6i> yqacrin bi> aBaaTiopt BucoRonocTaBJieHHbix'b JLtnnTi. 
He o6i> 8THXi> o^HaRO A'i^axi> K)»HO-a<|)pHRaHCRofi ROHnaHia a HM'lji'b 
vb BHAy HaaoMHHTB, a o co6fiiTiax'L, npoHOxoAHBOiEX'k Ha ea co6cTBeH- 
Hofi TeppHTopiB. noTOiiiy-^TO, RaRx Bume cRasaao, 8th xapTOBaHHua 
ROMnaaia HM'bion* coficTBeHayH) rocyAapcTBeHayK) ToppHTopiio, noAo6HO 
ne^ajibHofi nauaxH OcT.-HsACRofi ROHnaaiH. IlycTUHa Kajnaxapa, 6ac- 
cefiH^ 03epa HraHa (BeqyaHasaHA'B), PoAesia, MamoaajtaBA^ a Maxa- 
fiejieJiaBAi) cocTaBJuiDrB aiy ofimapayio rocyAapcTBeHayK) Teppaxopiix 
K)»HO-a$paRaacRoi Roaaaaia. 3to aayTpeaaocTB nsao-a^paRaacRaro 
HaxepBRa, A^iHaaaa nojioca, aa lori nycTuaefi Eajiaxapa upacJEoaea* 
aaa b,% aamKcRofi KanjiaaAia, aa ciBept xeppaTopieK) MaTafiejtejiaaA'B 
ynapaioniaaca b^ repuaacRia i;eaTpaiBao-a(})pBRaacRiaBjD[aA']^aiHBOTAt- 
jiaK)n][aa JieacanUe r-b BocxoRy aesaBacBMufi TpaacaaajiB a nopryrajibCRift 
Mo3aa6HR^ otb jieaBani^x'L aa SanaAt repiiaacRofi ROJioaia Aarpa-IIeR- 
Baa&i a nopiyrajiLCRofl Aarojuu. HenocpeACTBeaaofl CBasa o^ MopeiTB 
rocyAapcTBO K)sao-A<|)pBRaacRot Roxnaaia ae aaierL. Jl^ocTynii ^epes'B 
aanificRyK) KaojiaaAiEo BaTpyAnaerca nycTuaeBo Kajaxapa. Otc^as^ se- 
jiaaie saajiaAiTb TpaBCBaajieMi> a ^epea^ aero upacjioaaTBca ri> aarjiiS- 
cRouy HaTaJU), leacamieMy aa6epery HaAiBCRaro oaeaaa. HeyAaqa aa- 
6tra Jaceiicoaa sacTaBaJta ROunaaiK) o6paTaTi>caB'B ApyryK) cTopoay a oaa 
BBRJUoqaira AoroBopi) ciIIopTyrajilefi, no ROTopoay e'A npeAOcxaBJieBO npo- 
Becxa aceJitBayH) Aopory oxB nopxyrajiLCRaro fiepera HaAiftcRaro oKoaaa ne- 
pesi iiopxyrajibCRyK) xeppaxopiio Mo3aM6aRa bb PoAe3iH).Ki nocxpofiR'& 
Aopora yae npaciynjieao b^ 1896 roAy, nocjit ^ero saaqeaie a bhpoa- 
bocxb rocyAapcxfieaaoB xeppaxopia Aoisau caj^ao aospaexa. A bkefoau 
8X0 BJiaAtaie cyjiaxB 6ojibfflia. Kyjibxypa RO(j[>e, caxapaaro xpocxaaRa, xa- 
aaaa, xjionRa, npaaaocxefi o6tn;aexii rpoHaAauoe 6apuma aa pocRom- 
atiTb HepaoBeMBbixi npepiaxi axofi 6oraxofi a oSajibaoft cxpaabi. Koh- 
naaia ptmaia upacxyoaiB Ri axoay bb o6mBpBK[X'B pa3M'bpax'b, a^ 
qero aaqaJocB naccoBoe nepecejieaie qep&oROsax'B xaMBJOLOB'B a Maia- 
6apoBB lOsBOfl MaAia, aapaot, noRopaofi a pa6oxan^efi pacu, ao- 
uoiiBCXByjon^eBca o^obb jtajiuMi: aeiiaoro paca a fiaaaaoai a^ nan^a, 
RycoRi RoieBRopa A^a noaca cxuAiiaBocxa. Ilpa xaRoa AemeBasat xpyAa 
a aexpoayxoMB uoAOpoAiH A'J^BoxBeaaoB no^au, Capuma aojisblk 



AHBBHBR'B acyPHAJUSGTA. 139 

6uTi» KOJioccajiBflH. He HesBinifi fiapunrB oMn^aerB h pa3pa6oTKa jrto- 
ma'b tforaiCTBi spaa, HaptsaHHaro ropaHH, H8o6Hi7K)n^eMH jrbcoMnb 
oaMHrB i^^HHurB nopoA^ j^epeBa. Hj osoHqaTexBHUii'b ajtB^opaAO 
KOvnaHeficRoe rocyAapoTBO craaoBHTca nooxt OTKpuTUi bi 1896 ro^T 
rpoMaAHHxi MBBepajfLBHrxi doraTCTBx, oSanHifimsi'L sojotuki* ' po3 
ocineii h pja^, aJHasBux'B iiioTopos^eaii, h np. Taraui oOpasoin., 
He oMorpfl Ha AseMCOHOBCKyio neyAa^y h otuai^ BToro paaCoiHH'ie 
QEaro npeAnpiaxui, Koifaafiifl Bifbjia npaBO 6uih AOBoxLHa obohhh 

npH6iZJIBHUMH BJiaAtHiflMH. npOH30IIIia OABBKO iiajieHBsafl SaHHHKa, 

OHXbBO noTpflcmafl wb 1896 ro^y axo BuroAHoe aRUiiOHepHO-rocyAap- 
OTBeHBoe npeAopiHTie h yorpaHeHHafl e^Ba vb caMOvy Koaay orqer- 
Haro roAa. A')^^ ^'^ tOHi, hto TeppHTopia ne Gfiua 663jiioahok), a 
npHHaAxesajia HSAaBna SAi^cb lEHByDiHifB napoAairL, BeqyaHaH'b, Ma- 
moHaM'B H MaTaOeiflMii Sth napoAu, npaBAa, npHSHaiiH aHrxincKift 
npoTeKTopaTB nicBoiKEo xbrb TOMy nasaAi*, ho aeiuio HutJiH vk- 
xoTcpoe ooHOBaaie o^HxaTB OBoen). KorAa ROHnaHia na^ajia pacno- 
pflsaTboa seMJiex) no cBoeMy ycMorptBiH), Tya^Mi^u HaoLSH ato napy- 
meHieHii AoroBopa o npoTeSTopart. Ee^yanH. nocxajiH oaoero Kopoxa 
0% »ajio6oH) Bb JIoHAOHi), a MamoHU h MaraCejiH BiflXHtB sa opyade. 
BoopyseHHiie oahhmh ApoTHKaMB^ sth rojoie, ho MysecTBeHHue jooab 
fipocaxHCb Ha aHrxiacsie oTpflAU, BoopjseHHHe Mara3HHKaMH Hosopo- 
OTptjBHUMH nymRaMB. H He toxbko fipocaxHOB, ho h AOOTBraxH pyBO-* 
naoiHaro 6oh, HCTpefixfla i^iiHe orpaAU KOnnaHeficsHX'B RyjiBTyprpe- 
repoBi a Mtofli^aifB AepsaxH Bb ooaAi RoiinaHeficEiH RptnooTH. 
iKyiBTypai, RoaeqaOr BSHJia bi ROHi^t rohd^obi Bepxi* h TpoHHaa 
pi^B RopoxeBU BHRTopitf npfl CTRpuxiH napxaneHTa bi HHBapi 
1897 roAa coo6niajiia o ooBepmeHHOui noAaBxeaiH «BO;{GTaBiH» b'B 
MamoHajiaH;^ h MaTa6ejieJ!aHAt. Ona ne yaoHSHyjia o Eeqyana- 
laHA'fe, rAt yse b'b ROHi^t 1896 roAa Tose noAHajiHCB TjseMipi aooxt 
Toro, RaKi) o6rkniaHifl, a^hhuh hxi* RopojsK) Vb JIoHAOHi, ne 6uxh 
HonojiHeHu. Pasyii'j^eTCfl, 6yAyTb cycMHpeHH* h Be^yanu, xose no 
omHeRl c^HTann^ie oBoe OTe^ecrao CBpeio seMxeio. IlepioA^ norpfloeHift, 
oqeBHAHo, saBepmHJUcfl h ROMnaHia cRopo HaqneTB noisHHaTB axoAU 
OBoee MyApoii rocyAapcTBeHHott noxnTBRH. MyApofi, norony qio xbq- 
HH^ecRoft H 6e3HpaBOTfieHHOft... Kto TeaepB He saaerB, vb qea'B aa&iiD' 
laerca MyApocTB RaaHTaAHSMa? 

IIosAHie South African Chartered Company ocHOBaiaoB West 
African, ROTOpoft aarxificRoe npaaaTejiBCTBO nepeAaxo bo BxaAtHie 
CoJTBnijD qacTB aarjiiKoRHX'B BiaA^Hid Bb raHHei, ocTaBHB'B vb RopoB- 
aoMi> BjEaA^HiH xBmB HteR0jn>R0 onopHiixi nyHRTOBi, BHtionum crpa- 
lerflqecRoe sHaqeaie a aBJiaDnxaxca co cBoaaa ropohhumh BofiCRaaa 
Raai 6u pesepaoiTB ROMnaHeHORHXi pasGoMBHqBHX'B orpaAOBii, npaa-* 
tiaHHuxi» Ha aoporb XX b. saTHHTB JtereHAapnue Eh6ikrh Koprenia a 
nasappo. FBHHea npeAOTaBxaeTB aj^hhhjd 6eperoByi> nojiocy, omh- 
Baenyx) AiAaHTaqeoRali'B OReaaoMi* a orrpaaaqeaayK) otb Bayrpea- 
HBXi RoaraaeaxaJiBauxx niocRoropi£ buoorbm'b xpefiroirB. Ha (rbaepi 



140 PyCCEOE BOFATCTBO. 

era mapoicafl, o6hibho opomeHHaa, SHoftsaa h JuicHCiafl nojioca ji^ogtH'- 
raen p. TaMSm, Ha KOTopoft xesHrL x^BiTyo^ui aHrjoficKaa bojiohui, 
ocraBmaaca bi» bopohhomi> BJiaAlHlH h OTAtireHHafl oil Dsste Jiesa- 
uiflTb asrjiiHCKHX'B leppHTOpifi nopTyraAbOKniia BJnaA^bHianH. Ha mrft 
iBBHefl ;iocTHraerB npHOjunsHTenHo p. Koflro, sa KOTOpoK) jresarb yace 
ynoMflHyxaa Bume nopTyraiBCKaa eoiohui Aaroxa. OfcBepaie Ronro 
cHa^axa HAyrB SHa^iHrexbHUfl n oneHB i^tHHiifl ^^paHUQ^scKifl BxaA'&Hifl, 
noTOiTb repiiaacKafl koxohui KaicepyffB, HeiiHoro ae ;^oxoA&niaa xo 
ycneBi p. Hflrepa. MesAy nopryraiBOKHMH BJB[a;^HiiiHn R3» B)ry orb 
raM6iH H BlMei^fiHirb KaMepyflOM'b bco raHHeftcKoe nofiepesbe, Tuoa^a 
BepcTb fieperoBofl nojiocu, aaaaro aarxaqaaaMa aoqia oiuoDib. HlHei^- 
Kift ToroxeaA'b a $paai],y80Kafl ^aroaea aicKOJiBKo npepsBaioTb 8to 
aamfioKoe 6ABBOo6pa8ie^ ao o6t btb Koxoaia ae yriy&iaiDTCfl wh Mate- 
pBKi a aarjii&cKifl BxaAiaia cbbab axi» BM'biorb BCDAy aenoopeACTaea- 
ayid cBflSb aesAy co6ok). Ki> cliBepy oti> aarjdAoKoft raaOia jiesari 
aa p. CeaeraJit a aa aepxaefi FaMfiia oqeaB saa^aTejibaaa a Bnojral ufik- 
Tyniaa$paai],y8CKaa KoxoHiaCeaeraMCia, npocTapaDiiiaacaAaJieEO aayrpb 
MaiepBKa ao clBopaaro noSepeacba oaepa Il,aAa. 8Ta Kpama AaaaHa 
Aaiorb alKOTopoe noaaTie o rkrb BexaKOAepsaBauxi* aaTopeoax-b, 
KOTopue BAtob nepeaxoTaiDToa. SaTepeou Aama aa oiBopt craxaa- 
BabTca CL aarepeoaMa ^paaiuB, aa Dri— oi aHTepecaMii Fepiiaaia, 
Borpbqaacb oi t^jib se aai^flaa a bi ToroxeaAt a bt> ^aroaet. Hare- 
peou aae ^paai^ia a repaaaia sAtob aarAi ae aHTaroaaqati. OicDAa 
alBOTopoe napaxxexbaoe A^Boraie aiaxi AByxi Aeps^Bi bi. SanaAHot 
A^pasi. 8x0 o6cToiiTexbOTBO aaxaeica cepbesaHicb orpaaaieaieM'b 
Axa npeAapiBH^HBocTfi KoaaaaeflcEaxi KopT6i](CBi, Eoropue Bapo^earb 
Bce TBEB BO Apenxiorb. 6i> aaqax'b 1896 roAa EOMnaaia saBoeaaxa 
EopoxeBCTBO AmaHTH. 6b Eoai^t roAa coo6u;aH)rb o noxoAt npoTEBi 
^yxaxcEBXi rocyAapciBi aa Kaoppb, aazi rtpaaaio aasiiBaTb Harep'b 
h% ere cpeAaea'b le^eaia. $yxaxa — BoaaoTBeaaufi aapoAi^ xaMHTCEott 
(aeioacEOB) paou, acnoBtAyH)ii;ifi acxaai* a rocnoACTaynni^ift b^i 
aabiqecEaMi aerpaTaacsHirb aacexeaieM'b. GpeAS ^yxaxoai npoxaaaerb 
MBOro apa6oBi a Boeaaoe acEyccTBo ctobtb aa oTaooBTexbao buoo< 
KOMI ypoBEl. PasApoSxeaie aa aioEOXbEO aesaaacaabix'b coaepaa- 
^aion^ax'b rocyAapcxB'b ocxa6xfl6Ti> caxy btofo aapoAa. npoTaB^aax'b 
to caapasaerb aanaAaoa^paEaaoEaa EOMoaaia BEonoAai^iio. Dtjcca, 
Easi oOiiEBOBeaao aasHsaDTb orpaay ^yxaxoB'b (no aaeaa aerpa 
taacEaro aapoAa, noABxacraaro ^yxaxaai) aBxaexoa Vh BHomeft cre- 
iieaa xaEoauM'b EycsoMi. Bhcosoo nxoAopoAie, Goraiaa npapoAa, aoEop- 
Hoe^ npBBUEmee ei xpyAy aerpuxaacEoe aacexeaie, boxoto, o6aibao 
Ao6uBaeHoe Aase ^jabxsl^r, cxoaosaa Eocxb^ cyAOXOAHaa ptsa, npo- 
piBUBaiomaa bcjo oOmapayio xeppaxopiK), Hero ea^e aysao Eoanaaia? 

1896 roAik bha*]^ xamb nparoxoBxeaie. Ocyn].ecxBxeaie nepoAaao 

1897 roAy. 

Ecxb Kb A^paai en^e xpexba noAo6aafl se 'aarxiSosaa xoicnaaiH, 
Bocxovao-a^pBEaacEaa, East African Company. Oaa en^e aeAaaao ToxbE9 



AHEBHHKB SRyPHAJIHCrA. » 141 

ocHOBEHa H H6& VH en^e yoxuniHirB. Ona 3axBaTBis wb Haqarl 
1896 ro^a apa6cRUt ropoA'B .MoM6acoy^ Jiesamifi Ha Gepery Ehj^S* 
osaro oseaHa, h npouaxuBaerb oe6i nyrn ei daocefiiy BopxHe-HOJi^ 

CKHXl 036pi»^ 

O^eHB xapaKiepHH j5^ Hamero BpeiieHH bth qacxHOBJiaAiiB'vecRTfl 
rocyAapcTBa Ha asi^xi, aro canoe nocjfbABee npoflBAenie Raanxa- « 
jTHSMa. Bi HOHCKaxi sa npH5i£UMH, Boe noHasann^HUHOfl AOHa^ Kau- 
Taiii HanHHaiDTi yoHJieHHO so^enaTB no Bceiiy jihi]^ aevnoro mapa: 
H wh 8KOH0MB^ecKH OTCTaxHfl oxpaHii, T^t, SBTpaqEBaflCB vh TyaeM-^ 
HyK) npoMunukeHHocTB, jTb^anTB secTORyK) KOHRypeni^iK) co5cTBeHHoft 
HaKioHaiBHOft npouumieHHooTH; h b'b abkIh ;i'&BCTBeHH£ui Toppn-^ 
TopiH, vKk BiiBUBaiDTB HOByD He6uBaiyD KyjiBTypy, opraHHsyH ajih OToro 
aRipoHepHUfl rooyAapoTBa, KOropUH en^e oHJiBHte, en^e raCiejiBHie koh- 

KypHpyiOTB H 01 0050TB6HHOK) HaiVOHaJTBHOn npOHBimJieHHOCTBK), B 

crb npoMiiinjieHHOCTBD oTcraiux'B cTpaH%. KoHeuo, he HaI^0HalBHaa 
npoKUHiJieHHocTB nepej^OBUX'B orpanx, hh saHHrajni, saTpaqHBaeioia 
HHH-se vh npoMsmjieHHooTB OTCTaiiiix^b crpaHB, hh hmh-so oohobbi- 
Baejiufl asi^ioHepHUfl rocyAapcisa, oosAaDn^ifl KOHBypepyDmyi) npo- 
minueHHocTB TarB, r^t HHqero ne 61120, ycxynaTB KOHEypoHTairB na 
HaiiipeHU. 

BaaHMHoe noiAanie bthxi nopoxAOHift KanHrajiHSMa OTaHOBHTCHsaKO^ 

HOITB COBpeMOHHarO BKOHOMH^eCKarO GOGTOHHiH H flBJUeTOfl HCTO^HHROITB 

nepMaHeHTHaro ^>B3Hoa. HtMB hosbtb paspimHTBca btotb onacHufi npo- 
itecci, y Haqajia ROToparo ku xeiiepB otohm'l? OaTHHHcni iroryrB 
yRssaTB, TTO ROHRyppeBi^fl Bcerj^a cooiaBjaia oxHy h3i> oohobhux'b 
qepTB RanHiaiHCTHHecRaro crpofl, ^to ona npHBOAHJia h npeiEAO npo- 

HUnueHHOOTB R'B BpeMeHHUH'B RpHSHCaM'B, HO TTO OHa Se H HOH'i^ilflja 
OTB BTBXl RpH3HC0B%. KOHOHHO, CB SOEJlD^HTeJIBHO 8R0H0tfHie0R0fi 

TOHRE spbHiH E TeHopB HHqero Apyroro ho spoHsoftAHrB. ARn^ionep- 
HUfl rocyAapoTBa H)«Hoft h SanaAHog A^phrh, pacnopflsaacB HOTpo- 
HyniiTB uoAopoj^eMB obohxb Biaji^'bHift, pacnojiarafl noTra AapoeuM'B 
Tpy^oiTB rayoooBB vh SaaaAHoS A(()pHRi, TaMHJiOBi bb K)shoS, h 
o6JiSM^aa Moryn^eoTBeHHSMH RanEiajiaHH, MoryrB saBajnEiB MipoBoft pBi- 
HORi, Haiip., xxonROMTB, HO TaRofi piHi, ROTopafl HeiiucjiHtfa AJiH Apy^ 
FEXi nicTHocreft. nepeHtcTHTCfl ulcTo npoB3BOACTBa xionna, h npo-« 
KmnjeHHOOTB BSHrpaerB na AomeBHSHB cspBH. KoHe^Ho, bto npaBAa, 
HO nsHue nrraTEi Amophre, ErflnerB, BpasEJiiH, ciBepHaa HbaIh 
HoryTB 6htb nocraBieHu bb 6e3BuxoAH06 aROHOHBqecRoe nojioseEie, 
H npeABHAtTB noci^ACTBifl Taxoro nojosenifl HeBU3H0SE0. ^ih auepE- 
Rani^eBi, HHAyooBi, erEaTHEi ooraeTCfl bi pacnopflsoBiE somjui, ROTopaa 

BViCTO XJEOHRa iKOXeTB HpflBeCTE APTHO niOAU, XOTfl iiepeCTpOHTBXOSflft- 

CTBO A^o TpyAHoe H conpaseHHoe cb CoiBniEME fiiA^TBuiME. Haioro 
KHCJ[aro yriineHifl ho mosotb EictTB aaiiioHajiBHaH o6pa6aT£iBaDiiiaH 

DpOmiflUeHHOCTB. nOJOSEITB, ^TO Ta aROHOUE^eCRafl nOXHTHRa, ROTO- 

paa BB 1895 roAy BoepBiie jteno o6BapysEjracB bb AnrjiiH h B£rpa- 
SHxacB BB ofixoxeHiE nonuiHHaMH anrjiitcRBXB dyiiaxBuxB Marepift,, 



142 t P7GGK0E BOrATCTBO. 

BB08H]nix'& Bi> SHAiH), oKOHqaTejiBHO BOBO^JTaAsuia: noniJEBHfii noBii^ 
meva jifi cTeneHB, RorAa BosMoseHi bbo3i jiHnib o^eHB BUcoEO-npo6flaro 
TOBapa, pasc^BTaHHaro sa BeuBoroiBOJieBHaro 6oraTaro noTpefiBTeifl. 
ABriificRie KanBTajoru, saTpa^i'eHBiie bi CyifarorrpflABJibHoe h 6yMaro- 
TsapiKoe ji.'iM.o b'b HHjiiiB, cbibho BUHrpanrB, ho to ise a'^^o vh oaMo8 
, AflrjiiH noiepuBTB secTOKiS jAap'B. Eoui Ta se nojiBTHKa paonpocTpa- 
HHTGfl na jifjna kojiohIr (a bto BUOJiHi JtoraqHO h ji,Jia. RO^OBoro 
Eanfliaia o^eub BsroAHo); ecjiB aROHOMHqecsE OTcraiHfl cTpaHH 6y- 
jiyrb apoAOJUxaTB oficraBjATbCfl buoorhmh npoTeRi^ioHBUMB lapH^aHB; 

eCIB yCHJiiflMH I^HBBJIBSOBaflBHt'B AOp»aBl BOABOpHTCfl HHpii H 6680- 

iiaoHOOTB fla MycyjibMaHCRoifk h HoarojibcsoirB BooTORi, nocji^ ^ero 

H BTH CTpaHH, BM Bl KaqOCTBt eBponeMCRHXli KOIOHift, BAR Bl Ra- 

qecTBi HesaBflcBMBix'B BRbHOMBqecRB OTorajmx'B crpaHi npBMyrb 
Ty ,ae CEcreiiy, — mo cxaHeTb Tor^a co book) oCpafiaTHBawn^eio upo- 
BUHIJII6HH0CTBK) Aarjrifl? IIoTepfl UBJiiiiapAHiix'L RaaBxaioBi £ noJiHoe 
pasopoBie aocbtrobi MHiiioHOB^ pafioqExi,— bott> tco MoacerB 6fiiTB 
nocA^ACTBieicB bojibthrb, ROTopaa TeaepB BansHaerB 6paTB Bepxi bt> 
AflFJiiH, vjA Roqyioniifi RaaBxajotx cTaHOBBTca, o^eBHAHO, cHJiBHie Ra- 
BBTaJia, 4^BRCBpoBaHHaro bt* aaiuoHajiT^Hofi npoMumjieHHOCTH *). Kor^a 
yRasttHHuft npoi;ec(rb acB'be scRpoeTCB h BaqaerB qyBCTBBTeJiBHle 
npHH0?BTB CBOH MOAH, Mipx yBBAHTB xecTOEyio noJiHTaqecRy© fiopBfiy 
BORpyrB BTflXi xryqEXi BonpocoBi. 3tgtb nepexoAi* RanflTaiBBva 
OTB 4>&3Hca Hai].iOBaj![BBaro, o6o6m6CTBJ[eHBaro k RaBEra^flSOBaBHaro 
npoBSBOACTBa b^ ^bsbitb BMHrpa^ioflsaro ABBxeHia, HMtDmaro bii 
RopesB paapyniBTB coBAaHHoe npeABiAyn^BiTB nepioAOMi, a, cxbAOBa- 
rejiBHo, H o6MaB;TB Bci BaAexAbi, CBB3aHBUfl c^ Beo6xoAHMiiMi> 
6yAT0 6H npeoCpasoBaHieMi RanaTa^iBCTHqecKaro orpoa, btotb nepexoA'i> 
BBaiieHyeTB co6o£) aRecTORyD 66j[t3HB Bcero EanBTaiBCTsqecRaro pe- 

SHUa H BROHOIffBqeCROfi SB3HB, Ha EeWh OCHOBaHHOfi... 

Apyroft CBMaTOMTi Bacrynaion^efi aroaiH RanHTajiBCTHqeoRaro pe- 
aRHMa 8T0 noficentcTHoe HeB03MO«floe oocTOflHie aoMJieA'i^JiBqecRaro 
npoHucja. SoMJieAtJiie aojisho oyn^ecTBOBarB, qrofiu cyn^ecTBOBaio 
qeJiOB^qeoTBo (h aRi^ioHepHUfl rocyAapcTBa bi tomtb qHOJui). Buqepa- 
HyTB BOMJieAiJiie h31 o6HxoAa nai^oHajoBHOfi xhshh h6B08moxho. MeasAy 
rkwb 6£ioTpoe pacnpocrpaHeBie raflrpeHU RaasTaiiBsira noRymaeioH 
BMOBBo Ba 8T0 ynpa3AB6Bie seueAtJiiH bo Bctxi ero BHAaxi» h 4>opMarB, 



*} MosHO npeACTaBHTb ce6% eme h Tasyio cxeHy: o6pa6aTiiiBafoii^afl npo- 
HHiDJieBHOCTB, CHa6saBmaii ([)a6pHKaTaMH OTCTSJiufl cTpaeu h kojeohih, nepe- 
BO^eTb TyAft) a Bi. MOTponojiiH, co6HpaH)ii;eft sosoTyio 2BaTBy npH6ujieft Cb 

npOHUHUieHEOCTH OTCTaJtUZ'b CTpaHT» n ROJIOHift, paSOBbeTCfl npOHBBOACTBO npeAM€- * 

TOBit pocRomH HJLR 6iiaroA<*HCTByK)n^efi 668% Tpy^a njiyroKpaTiH. Ej(Ba-JiH OAHaRo 
canoe mepOKoe npoHSsoACTBO npe;^MeTOB'b pocRomH J^flE cpaBQHTOJiBHO Maio- 
qHcaeHHaro 6orATaro MeHunHBCTBa cnoco6HO saHflTB BBaqnTeJotbayio vacTb pa- 
6oqaro HaceJieHifl. MBJudapAU-ise, aaTpaqeBHue B'b nocmojiwtuu sanHTas'B 
TenepemHefl nponBinuieHnocTH, Bce paBHO o6peqeHia aa rfl6eJiB. HftRoaei^'b, u 
npoHSBOACTBO BpeAMeTOB'b pocRoniH He Gy^erb am BBiroAB^e bi OTcraJOirfc 
crpaHazi h sosoHijiX'B. 



;^HEBHHK1» SyPHAJIBCTA. 143 

^iKsnirrajiHCTH^ecKoft $opir& js,»Me piiuHTejibEie h HeyMOJiHirbe, nesejis 
BB HapoAHoft. KaiiHTaiH3M'B HeH36isH0 H HeMRHyexo apoBOAHTii seic- 
jieAi^BqecKift upouuceji'B He TpoazqecsHxi s se cf6TponHqecKHrB 

CTpaBTB (BCixi CtpaH'B, TJljb HSJILSA C06HpaTB ^Bfl SCaTRU Bli rOJTB H 

rj^ noTOMf H'J^TB 3UMHeA aeMAedfMhHecfuyA pa6oTu) Bib cocro- 
iiHie 6e3ucxoAHaro h HensJii^BMaro xpHSBca, HeHSJiiqHtfaro npn 
jQjEEOBiH RansTajiHSHa. SeMjeA^^LqecEift icpRSHCB, oxBaTHBmiH TeuepB 
BeoB i^HBBJiHSOBaHHiift Mipi, AaiBEO eii^e He cRasaji'B CBoero noojitx- 
saro cAOBa. Ecvh HHiero ne HSMiHETca, to seMJieAtiie cTaHeri, EaE-b 
npoHumjieHHOCTB, HeBosHosHo, ocraBaflcb jromB, EaEi bctovihek-b 
xajiRaro nponHTaHia BBiposAfliomarocfl h BHunpaDn^aro HaceJieaifl, 
a Tasii sasi» Tanoe nojiosesie aBHJOCb 6ei Biiicrt oi> Ttin> BuposAO- 
HieiTB H BUMBpanieiTL h ocrajiBHOro ne senjieAtJib^ecEaro HaceieHia, 

TO HeJELSa H nOHUOJBfETb BHa^QTeJirBHOft UpOAOJtSHTeJIbHOCTH 9TOrO 

(SiACTBeHHaro iipoi^ecca. IIpeRpaTHTb ace ero BoanoacHo, Jiimb oiEa- 
BaBHiHCb OTb yciiyrb sanaiajiHSMa. Oahhm'b nsi secroRBX'b npoaase- 
Hift dToro Bce pacniHpaDmaroca h pacnpocTpaHaniqaroca seirjieAtJib- 
^ecEaro EpasHca aBBJicaB'b 1896 rOAy BHAiScsifi roJUOA'B, noTOHy tto, 
roBopa cjiOBaHH r. HHHHCTpa 3eMJieA'6Jiia, aeyposaft saBHcai'b orb 
^OTecTBeHHHx-b ycjoBift, a o6pameHie ero b-b rojoAOBKy— orb ycjro- 
Bift ofimecTBesHBixi. Hpn TeneperaHHX'b nyTax-b a cpeACTBaxTi co- 
o6meHia, npa nepenoiHeHia BceuipHaro puHEa xjs±6owb, npa yaaAEt 
xjit6BHX'b u^why npa boshoshooth npoABBAi^Tb aeyposafi, roAOAaTb 
voaceTB TOJibEO passopeaaoe Hacejieme. Xji'b6i saeaiaBaeTb aafiapH, 
ae BaxoAa noipeCaTejia, a noTpe6HTeJib ynapaerb orb roJiOAa a orb 
rojioABoi qyira! drn EOHTpaeru cosAaDica tojtbko saaaTajiasMOirB 
H Horyrb fibiTB ycrpaaesH tojibeo cb aairb se. dia soHTpacTH cyTb 
TOJibRo ofiocTpeaaoe npoaBjieaie nocToaaao oymeciByiomaro broho- 
ua^ecRaro npoi^ecca, 3aRjiK)'q[&JK)DDiaroca vb aenpepuBHoab paasopeaia 
seHJieA^jibqecKaro npoMHCjra no laay n&^vh Tepparopift, EjAa npo- 
HBEi EanaTaiasBTb co cbook) BiacTBOD a 663noniaAHOio MyApocTbiD. 
daarpai^ioaHoe ABaseaie Eanarajia ns'b nepeAOBUxii CTpaai, Mory- 
n^ee Fb sopesb noAopaaTb CjiarococToaaie aiaxi nepeAOBMXii orpaab, 
4yh OABOfi cTopoBH, a CI Apyrofl noBcoM'&cTauft a aeaBaiaao ycajia- 
BaK)mifica noApBiB'B a ynaAOR'b seurJieAtibqecEaro npoifucjiEa aajra- 
K)Tca ecTecTBeHBua^ djioaom^ EanaTajiacTaqecEaro pasBBTia bi co- 
BpeMeaaoHii ero $a3H(rfc a o6a vb Eopai noAPHBaDTb ero sasaecno- 
€o6aocTb. 



ni. 

He Vb oAHOft eEoaova^qtecEOfi c^ept uh npaoyrcTByeirB npa aa- 
ndjA soana, npa sa^aaaDn^eflca aroaia Mory^axi aoTopa^iecRax'b o6pa- 
BOBaaift. To se Ba6jix)Aaeirb a bi> uesAyaapoAaofi nojiaTa^ecEofl sasaa 
<M)BpeHeaaaro leJioBlqecTBa. Eoia Tasia apsia co6uTia, sasi npesa- 



144 PyCCEOE BOrATCTBO. 

AeHTCKie Budopii Bi AuepHEi '*'), no^BHra asi^ioHepHiix^ roojxapcTBeH- 
Huxi KOMnasift biA^phk*!, roio^i h ifMa b% HHAOOTaHt, flBHJiHCB^ 
Bi 1896 roAy noKasaTejiflMn eKOHOUH^ecKaro paaeHTiA samero spe- 
HesH, TO TOTB se roAi eABa u ne ap^e en^e o6Hap7SEi'B MeasAT' 
HapoAHyio nojiHTHTOCKyD DBOJOoi^iH) Ha npHM'bpi Toft 6e8iuoAHOfi m 
flevoniHofi TonoTHE, KOTopon crojib ycHJieHHO s ycep^no, crb TassMH 
TpeBoraicH h onacHOGravH, saffHuaJtHOB Boi A^psaBu EBponii no no- 
BOAJ TypeipLHxi jijbjrb. HanovHuirB cna^ajia BKpaxi^i xojpy co6h- 
Tift **). 

BcjTbACTBie otinteHSBicTHEiXT* apicftHCKEXi E36ieHifi 1894—95 rr., 
Vb KOHi^ noojrbABflro ro;i[a, Poccui, AHrjUA h ^pasiufl BiipafioxajiH 
jaB,wb pe^opifu BinflTH BHiaidTax'B cbfioiie hjoi xeHie 8Ha^HTairs- 
HuiTB apuflHCEHM'B HacojieEieiirb h npoAiossjiH ero orroMaHCROuy npa* 
BHTeiBOTBy. nocjA HtsoToparo soj[e6aHifl, ycTymui eAHHOAyniHoicy Ha- 
OTOflaii) AepxaBib, Gyjn^aHi» yrBepABJTB btotl njiaHi h masHpi-nania, 
o;(Hsi Hsii HeuHorHxii Typeo;RHX'B caHOBHHSOBi, BHymann^HXi h^ko- 
Topoe noB'ipie^ 6ujrb Haaaa^eH^ naBHiurB BOicMHCcapoirb cyjrraHa no 
BB6AeHiiD pe^opM'BB'ByKasaHHux'B menrfl Buaftaraxx (dpaepyx^, BavB, 
BflTJinoi, KapHyTL h j^iap(JeKHpi>). TorAase^yorynaa HaoroflfliD oBpo- 
neicjOLTb soHoyjiOBi, oj^aiHOB seftTyHCKie noBOTani^d, npn ^ewb seft- 
TjEOKaa Kasa (yi^A'b) fiiua BRiffiqesa vh paftoE'B pe^opEi (SefiTysi 
jiesETB Vb BJUL^dri Ajrenno). dTEicE ^aRTaHE saBepmflJicfl 1895 toj^ 
E OTKpEuaoB EGTopifl 1896 ro^a. HacTynaKm^ift 1897 ro^i nojiyqaerB 
Bonpoci GOBopineEHo wh toitb se oocroflfliH, Kasi h 1896 ro;^. Mec- 
. cifl niaEEpa-naniE 6&ijia OTEiHeHa; oi BBOAOEieE'L pe^opxii ho c]sik- 
jiaHH fffioae onuTfii; EsdieHia apMEEi npoAOjaaiHCB ^jAch e xaMi Bi 
Te^esiE i^aro roAa (se roBopfl o KoHOTaHTEHonojii, bi Bas*]^, Ge- 
Baoi, Q^esapei, TpaaesyErt, AieEcaEApeii n t. aO; OTiOMasosoe npa- 
BETeiBOTBO A^Bajio o6iii(aEiH; nocifir coBi^aincB e A^aiE npeACiaB- 
jieHiE... 

BeoHoiD 1896 ro^a, BciiA<)TBie nocTOEEHaro e Hanaro sapymeEifl 
AapoBEESiixi ooTpoBy KpHTy npasi, BoxiACTBie seEpepBIBa]DI^EXCfl 
npETioseHift sesaKosso BBeA^EEoft sa ocrpoBt xypeiiEoft aAMEEEorpa- 
^iE, B(U[tAOTBie pa3Ey3AasfloS a^bocte e HeEpeRpaa^aun^EXCE Hacs- 
Jiift Typei^soft ooiAar^EEU, RpsTETe bseiecb saopysie. IIoAaBETBBos- 
orasie bb oavoEB saiaifc TypRavi^ se jAajEOCB, a RorAa oho paspoo- 
jiooB E 66i(CTBiE EaoeieaU npsBieRiE BHExasie EBponii, yoepAiOTy- 
pei^RDrB ycHspETeieft 6uj[0 yMtpeso AepxaBaEE,H IIopTfi tim npe;^- 
jTosoEB niasB pe^opEB A<9 oorpoBa. Ilooii a^boibho opoAOJiSBTejiB- 

HEIXB yRIOSTOBUXB EOperOBOpOBB H He BEAE BOBEOSEOOTE OOnpOTEB- 

jiETBOE eAEsoAyoiEUEB npeAOTaBieHiflvi^ Boixi nooioBi, Typei^Eoe npa- 
BSTeibOTBO OAo5pHjio 8T0TB HflasB E A&se HaBEa^EJi xpEOTiasEfla ry- 



*) UOApOiSHi^e oS-b dKOHOMBqeCBOEl SHaveHiH 9THX% BH(k)pOBl HI Moon^ 

BOfldpBCBOM'b ^Heanwcf^ 1896 r. 

**) IIOAPo6sooTE wb osTA6pbosoM'b AHe9HUKn 1896 r. 



XBEBHHK'B STPHAJIHCTi.. 145 

CepHaTopOMi oorpoBa. Ji,o chxi nopi» oth jctjuke en^e se npsHeciH 
moAOBi. XpHCTiaHHH'B-ry6epHaT0pi» desonjieH^B, jiot6vj ^to BoeHHafl 
cua HaxoAHTCfl bi pyEaxi reHepaia-iryoyjibuaHHHa, h HyoyiBMaHCKoe 
HaceJteHie He o668opyseHo; saHAapMepk hsi xpHciiaHi eme He op- 
ranssoBaHa, h IIopTa Aocejit Topryexcfl ci A^psaBaMH o6i> ea cocraBt; 
^yrifl pe^opifH Tose enie osHAax)TB CBoero BBeAeiifl, ^ft fieB'B opra- 
HH8a^iH zpHcriaHCKofi saH^apMepiH ocraHyrcfl MeprBOD 6ysBO]o; no- 
CJIH, KOHe^Ho, coBin^auTCfl H ;^aDTB npe^craBjieHifl... 

Bi» aBryoT'b BicaMOirL KoHCTaHTHHOnojrfe, hoa'b OEHaMH efiponeft- 

CKHXl nOCOALCTBl H KOHCyJILCTBli, Bl IipHOyTCTBiH Jl^BtHaAG^aTH 6BpO- 

neficRHXi BOQEKELVb CTaiqoHepoBi, npH CBbrb ahh h Ha nasaxi y 
Bcero Mipa, 6uj[0 opraHBSOBaHo TypeipcBHH BiaoraHH xacooBoe H36ie- 
Hie apKHHi. Eepona Bocniuajia HeroAOBMdeifB h hocih npeAciaBHiH 
rposHyD KOJueETHBHyi) Hoiy, TpeCya oTporaro oy^a h Hasadanifl bh- 
HOBHiixii. IIopTa yCTynnia, HasHaqnia ^esBH^afinoe ciiACTBie h npH- 
Kaaaia oyAHTB. CyAnra, OAHaKO^ h npe^aBajiH KasHH ne TypoKi>, pl- 
aaBHiHxi (no seJiaHin CBoero npaBHTeiBCTBa) apMAHB, a bthx'l ca- 
MUTb apHflHi. EojiH se H lypoKi, TO hih npo^eccioHaJibHUX'B pas- 
6oftHHKOBi, He n(aABBniHxi» h irycyjtBMaHi, hih se TaRi HasHBaeimx'B 
HiaAOTypOKi, 3anoA03piBHHX'B Bik seJianiH nporpeccHBHKxi» pe^opirb. 
PflAOHi QTb BTHUii opHrHHaiLBHUii yAOBieTBopeHieiTB upaBocyAiH) nua 

MaCCOBBH aAHHHHCTpaTHBHaA BUCUlBa apifflH'B BSl KOHCXaHTHHOnOJUl, 

apHieu'L SHaqHTeiLHaa hxi qacTB npocTO Bii6pacuBajiacb bi MpaMop- 
Hoe Mope. B% canoe noojiiAHee BpeMH, OAHaRo, cyjEtaHi HSAasi Hpa^e 
o6i»aMHHCTiH apMflHaiTb... nocjiu, KOHe^Ho, H B'B 8T0MI cjiyiai A^- 
jiajEH npeAcxaBieHiH. 

To se H BO Bclxi ocTajBEbHUX'B Bonpocaxi, Kacann^Hxcfl BoniDHJ^HXi 

X^JTB* TBOpHBHIHXCfl Hd BCeMl OpOTflSeHiH OTTOUaHCKOfi HMHepiH, Wh 

MaKejiOHiH, AifianiH, CnpiH h t. a* » 

TenepB nooiu ohhtb ooBin^aDxcH, BHpa6aTiiBaa niani ofin^eft pe- 
({lopMU OTTOHaHCKaro rocyAapciBa. By^eTB ih h hsii SToro xoisi, ne 
TpyAHO coo6pa3HTB, h He 6j]sjiE npopoKOiTL. Jl^onyoTHU'b, ^o nocui 
Biipa6oTaDTii caMui i^ecoofipaaniifi iuiaHi» (^to o^enB BaTpy^HH- 
TexBHO npH pasHomepoTHOCTH h ahkocth HaoeieHiH) h ^to oyjiTaHi 
GoriacHTCfl ero yiBepAHTb. Kto CyAen ero ocyn^ecTBiflTb h kto 6y- 
AeTB ooxpaHHTB HiTB yoTaHOBJieHHHi nopHAOKi? IIoKyAa Typi^ifl cy- 
n^ecTByerb, KaKi nesaBHOHMoe rocyAapciBO, ooyn^eciBJiflTb Moserb 
TOJCbKo xypeiqcafl aAMHHHCTpaipA, a coxpanaTb touko xypeip^oe Bofi- 
cRo. He AOcxaTO^HO jih aroro HeMHHyeMaro OTBtra, ^toGu ho BipHXb 
HH vb oABy pe^opMy, 6e8ii HCRJinqeHifl. roBop&Tb mhofo o nony^^H- 
TesMLSiTb jj^bitymsTb. Bi RaRofi Mipt ohm boshoshu fies'b saBOOBa- 
Hifl H ORRynaiUH bcoh TypAiB? Mosho npHHyAHTb cyirana oitf^ffR- 
AiaibHO yTBepAHTb njani pe4)opHn h ofinapoAOBaTb o toui ^Hpnasb. 
Mosho npBHyARTb ero noojiaTb ryfiepnaTopairb npHRasii o6i ero npn- 
niHeHiH. Mosho HacTOHTb Ha exoirb npnMtaeBlH na ocxpoBaxi h (bi 
ifeHbmelt wbfi) bi> npHMopcRHXx iiioTHOCTHX'b. Hto Racaexcfl BnyT- 

3ft 1. 0*xiJi% u. 10 



1 46 pyCCKOS BOrATCTBO. 

pesHefi cTpaHH, to (Sesi oBponeftcKsxi BoficRi h eBpoueftoKoft a^MH- 
HHCTpaI^H HeBosMOSHO ocyiuecTBAeHle HHBaEHX'B pe({)op]rB. Bi dtobii> 
y6isAeHU Bci Ao6poooBtoTHHe Ha6jiK)AaTejiH Typei^Eoft shshh. He- 
B03M0SBU pe^^opmi H 6e3i AeserL, a jifi.Th AdHerb T7pe^K0ll7 npa- 

BHTeJTBCTBy SHaqHTB TOJIBKO BOOpjSHTB OFO E yCHlHTB SHaqOHie OrO 

«onpoTHBJieHifl, noAroTOBHTB 6ojrto nojiHoe HdfiieHie xpncriaHi. Ilosy- 

AHTOilBHUfl UtpU, 6631 pi^inHMOCTH AOBOCTH A^O ^0 ROBI^a H ORKy- 

HHpoBaTB eBpone&cRHMH BoficRaMH TypeiiRyio leppHTopiK), tbrii xe 
Haio npHHeoyTL noshzUj rbri h AHnj[OMaTH?ecRifl Mipu. 9to o^e- 
bbaho, ho TaRse o^eBHAHo, ^nro EBpona se corjiacnjiacB Mex^y co- 
60D AOBOOTH jsjbjLO ][fl KOBJSfik, Mu HO sHaeiTB, Ha RaKifl noHyAHTejn»- 
HUfl MipH H Ha RaRHX-B yciOBlflxi coriacEAHCB HTajda h ABorpia, 
BO ycjioBiH corjiacifl TepHaHiH, PoociH h ^pani^iE yRaaanu b'b aHTjiift- 
cKofi Cuneu nnutn^ HOAaBHO npoACTaBJieHHofi napjiaiieHTy. Bet dth 
TpH AepxaBsi CBoe oorjtaoie na noHysA^Hie o6ycj[OBHj[H eAHHoriacieirb 
ptmenifl Bcirh jsfipTKBBi,, tto HaciyaHjrB ncHxoxorH^ecRift MOHeHTb 
uoHyi^eHiH. Ota'I^ho se repvaHifl BBcroBopEJua ce0i npaao eme 
oSoyAHTB BonpocTi; Poceia nosejtaia, ttoGbi AepsaBu Bnepeffi OTpeR- 
jQHCL orb HSOJiHpoBaHHaro x^iCTBifl; a ^panu^iH, ^to6bi BnepoAi Cfiun 
noATBepsAOHii vb npHHi^Hni n;iiocTB lypeiiRoft HuaepiH n HHRaRoro 

KOQAOMHHiyMa (T. 6. npOTBRTOpaTa OOOAHHeHEOft EBpOHU). $paHi^3- 

«RiH ycJioBifl fiiJi^Byrh coBepmeHHO 6e3noj[e3HU][H h HanpacHiaiH Bot 
luaHu pe^opuu. ^pann^H h renepB HBiAeTCH rJiaBHOD san^HTHHuei) 
H oxpaHHTOJi&HHi^eio Typei^Rot opAu, roonoAOTByDn];efi hba'b KHoro^Hc- 

JieHHilMH RyXBTyp0-0n0C06HUMH XpHCTiaHCRHHH HapOAaHH. npH 8THXI 

yoiOBiflTB H 1897 ro^^ xajro xopomaro ofiiniaeTB aTHn noAaBiae- 
HUMii HapoAatf'B, a 1896 roAi» np^e caMoft apRocxH o6Hapysui ho- 
xon^HOCTB BBponeficRaro ROHi^epia B'B ero TenepemHSirb cooioaHifl. 
dia HeMomHOCTB, (Tb TaROK) 6o;[BD H (TB TaRHiTB cTuAovB AORasaHHaH 
eo6uTiflMH HCTORinaro roAa, h ootb totb RapAHHaiBHuft $aRTB nou- 
nnieoROft HoropiH coBpeifeHHoft EBponu, Ha rotophh mh xoTiiH o6pa- 

THTB BHHJiaHie H Ha ROTOpOlTB XU TOnepB OCraHOBHMGH A2H BHHCHe- 

Hifl ero BCTopH^ecRaro sHa^enifl h cmicja. 

IIpHHHHa HeMon^HocTH oBponeftcRaro ROHi^epra daRjnD^aeTca wh 

flOJIHOlTL paSCTpofiCTBi OFO o6uqHO&i HOTOpn^eCRH CJIOSHBinefiCfl op- 

raHH3aqiH. Eepona toibro noBHAHMOMj ne nirterB o6fl^aro ycTaaoB- 
jioHHaro npaBHiejcBCTBa. HcropHqecRH ojroxHJioob xaR^b, vto TaRHirb 

npaBHTeABOTBOlTB flBIfleiGS OOBirb meCTH BBIHRHXI JSfipiSAWb, RO- 
TOpUfl pyROBOAOTByDTCH Vb CBOHXl pimeHiflX'b xe3MyHapoAH£iifi> 
HpaBOXi, pflAOMi) TpaxTaTOB'B, HSAaBHa saRiDieHHUx^ oBponeM- 
4RHMH A^psKaBaHH, H TaRBHH HHTepecaMfi, RoTopuo HOJEy^aBTB o6mee 
npH3HaHie. OcoCohhootb aroro npaBHreiBCTBa otb BCflRaro HHoro, 
saROHHO ycTaHOBieHHaro, b% tomi, tto jsfia nociaHOBJieHia p'J^moHiH 
Tpe6yeTCfl OAHHorjiacie, a bi» oiyqai^ ecjiH ero cocraBHTb HOBOSMoxflo, 
pimoHie xe ji^ui ROTopoS juiOo CTopoHu 6e30TJiaraTej[bHo Heo6xoAnMo, 
MexAynapoAHoe apano npHsnaeTB iipaBo boAhh. 8to npaso Boftnu 



JHfOBEXn XTPHAnCTA. 147 

Aaen raa^eme iiaTepiaJCbHOxy MorymecTBj, h Heo6xoffMOCTB ew- 
Horjiadfl BeJia 6u Kb 663K0He^Hii]rB npoBoioqEaui h Barpyji^flia fiu 
itcaKoe ptmeKie, ecjoi 6u. Hcropiai onHpaacB sa npaao boAeh, ho cosAa- 
jua fipea^eHie noisTnecsoft rerexoHin, yqpesAeHifl, HHEassn TpaR- 
xaMH He jcraHOBJDLeHHaro, ho ugto h MorymeoraeHHo npoHBJifliiniaro 
cBee Bnoiirft peaJiBHoe oyn^eoTBOBaHie. Kasaa jdi6o xepssaBa, nenpe* 
vbHHO HS'L HHCJa oaioirB Moryn^ecTBeHHtiTB, rpynnnpyerL Bospyr^ 
€e6fl Apyrui A^pxaBU, He toibko Bejimun, ho h BTopouaccHiu^ R 
XOCTiraen sthhi nyTeirB lasoro npeo6iaAaHui, ^to eBponefiosift 
EOHi^eprB ;^o HSBioTHofi creaeHH pysoBOAHToa ea nojiHTnsoi). Oimo- 
3HE(ioHHaH rpynna oymecTByerB o6K»H0BeHH0, ho bo Boix'B Bonpo- 
caxi, vb KOTopurL nepBeHOTByDn^as A^pxaBa yirberB coxpaHHTBHe- 
npnsocHOBeHHOK) obod OHcreicy codsobi, onnosHiqH BUHysAe^a ycry- 
naTL, H HojiHTHKa ea ofiiicHOBenHo oboahtch k-l crpeMJieHiflirB pas- 
cTpoHTb ycTaHOBHBBiyDOfl CHCTeify ooDSOBi. Tax's, nepBeHGTByK)meK>' 
AepHaB(») BB Haqait XIX B. 6£ua^paHi](U[ HanoxeoHa I, onHpaBmaaca: 
qyTL-JiH He Ha bod Efipony; bi onnosHipH 6uxb Pocciai Asriia. 3a- 
t4m'b c% 1815 no 1855 rr. nepBeHCTByjDH^ei) A^psaBOD 6iua Poccia^ 
onnpaBmaflCfl aa Tasii nasuBaeioift cBaniteHHuft codsi; onnosHipoH- 
HyD rpynny cocraBiajiH ^paai^ia h Aarjua. Ci 1855 r. ao 1870 r.. 
OBponeflcKaa rereuoaia onaxB nepemxa ki <&paH^ia, onapaBmeftca 
aa Aariix), HiaJiii) a AbctpId; onao3aB[iD A^aia Poccia a Upyccia. 
Oil 1870 r. a ao KOHi];a BOOBMaAecaTHX'L roAOBi rereaoaieS saBiaAi* 
jia repxaaia, fijiaroAapa npoAOnxHTejibaoS a acsyoaoS dKaaxafipa- 
^TBKi, coxpaaaBmeS Apyx^y ci Pocoieft a AariieS, a Aacrpiefi. 
repaaacsaa rereaoaia fiiua yse Aaxeao ae Tasi acao a yAo6ao 
opraaasoaaaa, repaaacaoe pyKOBOAarexBCTBO Aaieao ae laKB o6nie- 
npasaaao, co apeaeaa-xe saaiB^eaia ^paaao-pycoaaro conaa naia 
H dTa Koxe6ji]on(aaca rereaoaia. Poccia a ^paai^ia cianisoai xory- 
mecTBeaaii, HTo6ir, coeAaaaBmacB, aorxa OKaaaTLoa tojilko onno- 
3B^iefi, ao a TpoicTBeaaHfi coiosi ae tbri ciaCi, ^to6ei 6e3i» npo> 
jBtpaa cajiH aa noii cpaaeaia noaapajioa ci pojUD onnoBBQia a 
npoAOcraBajTB pyaoBOACTBo eBponeficsaaa A^aaa ^paaKO-pyccROik' 
rpynni. A saTia'B a aayrpa aioS rpynnu wbrh nepBeacTByttniei 
Aepsaau. Ha^paai^ia, aa Poocia ae aoryrb 6HTb caTejiaraHa co- 
iOBaaipi. Eepona ae aa'beTB lenepB nepaeacTByioniefi AopxaBu, ae 
HMierb pyaoBOAflQaro nieaipa, a npa btowl o6cTpyKI^a bb 
coBin^aaiaxi a ptmeaiaxi craaoBarca a BosaoxaoD, a ecreoTBea- 
HOD. Mu 8T0 a BaAaaB. BaAaaib aaicrt a aeaon^aocTB espo- 
neicaaro Roai^epra, Rasi ecrecTBeaaoe nocji'bACTBie toS Aoaopra- 
HHsaipa, ROTopaa aaoryaaxa BCjitA^'TBie OTcyrcTBia nepseaoTBy- 
lon^et A^psaBH. SaatTaai, vro 8Ta A^opraaasai^a aajiaeTca B-b 
B'baoTopoft creneaa aeofixoAauuMi a OAsa-Jia ycrpaaaaiiirB nocxtA- 
cTBieiTB BOBaro cooTaomeaia nojiaxa^ecKax'B oaii» bi EBpon*]^. A^ 
BOsaaRaoBeaia repaaacRofi Hanepia bb 1870 roAy, EBpoaa bt> xe- 
^eaie aicRojiBKaxi cxojiixifi saaia BcerAa bb cboohb oocxaat ae 6o* 

10* 



148 PyCCKOE BOrATCTBO. 

jAe ^BjTb conepHHKOBT) 3a rerexoHiH). CHa^ajia dro Cbijdih ra6c6yprE 
H Byp6oHSi; ^o nojoiOBBflii XYII b. npeo6jiaAaHie npHHaAJtesajio FaGc- 
6ypraHi> (to Hcnaaifl, to TepHaHiflX nocii — BypBoHaMi (^pani^ifl). 
Bi XIX B., noGjit osoHqaTeJiBHaro ycTpaHesifl aBCTpiScEaro conep- 
HH^ecTBa, BOHKyppeHTauH ocTaJEECB ^paHi^fl n Poocia. Gi 1870 r. 
B03ABHrjiracB FepMaHia, ipeTBfl conepHHi^a, npn^eifB coiosii jifijTb bi 
jno6oi K0M6HHai^iH OABa-jro ae cEJLiwke BceS ocrajTBHolt coeAHHeHHoft 
ROHTHHeHTajiBHofi EBponu, EJiH upH6jrii3nTejiBHO pasHua no cejA. Ho 
ooD3ib ffByxi) ecji[H6u a cyifijrB ycTpaaHTB onnoaai^iio TpeTBeft, He 
HOPB 6hi A&TB EBpon'fi HOByn rereHoaiio, aaa's ee a ae ]ifiLjn> j^paaao- 
pyccRifi coR)3i». Gi Apyroa cropoan, jifiixe onapaacB aa bcd octajiB- 
ayi) EBpoay, o;(aa as'B ipex'B rjnaBHUxi ;^epsaB'B EBponu ae xoria 611 
napajiasoBaTB coeABaeaayio onnosai^uo AByx'B, fi,^me ocrasmaxca 6e3'B 
coDdBBKOBi. Acao, ^To npesBaa opraaasaiUa, ocaosaaaaa aa o^e- 
pexaoft owkni rerenoaifi pasBBtxi nojiHTaqeGRExi oaJt^B, npa coBpeMeH- 
aoMi cocraai BTaxii chjh, cTaaoBHTca aeBosMOSHOfi, a eBponefioaift 
KOBi];epTB, ecjia xejraerB HMiTB RaRofi-aB6y;iB cmhcjtb, AOiaseaT) ac- 
EaTB aoBUXi ocaoB'b opraaB8aii,ia. Bi> btoitb aonpoct saajuoaaeroa 
iieaTpajBaaa aa^a^a nojiBTa^ecRofl aoropia Esponu a, 6utb HoserB, 
MH y2Be ae Taai Jtajteaa cnrb opraaasoBaaaoft vb o;qio consaoe Ttjio 
Eaponu, aaR'B sto hosotb KasaTBca js^m aesaiiMaTejiBaaro aza cjiam- 
RoiTB dHnapa^ecRaro aa6ji[D;^aTej[a. 

Sairb^arejiBHaa aaojini^ia vb cpe^i aarao-oaKcoacaax'B aapoj^oBi 
EBponii, AiiepaRH a ABCTpaiia, aoropoS a noApo6ao roBopajn> vb 
BoaGpBeaoiTB ^neenuKih a ROTopaa saRjnoqaeTca bi ycnixaxii eabb naa- 
6pBTaaa3Ma, aaxoABTca, aoae^ao, vh npoTEBOpiqia ci> aAeeS naaeBpo- 
iieasaa, npafijiBaEeaia ROToparo hbe tojtbro aro roaopirjia. Ho nijih 
Aarjiia Morjia 6ii a ae yqaoTBOBaxB bi eaponeicRoai comai, a wh 
naaCparaacRoai. GoBHicraua ;^ScTBia Poccia, ^paai^ia a repva- 
am Bi aiaoTopuxi aonpocax'B, aenpiaraBixi o^aoft Aarjiia, Kaa^ 6u 
aaif6Ra£)TB aa BoaMoasaocTB Taaoft dBOJiDi^a. 

BTopooTeneHBua rocy^apcTBa Eapoau Toise BucTynanTB (tb npoea- 
Toin CBoefl opraaadai^a. Bi aioxi OTaomeaia 1896 roAi> 6jji&rb 
HCTopaaecaairB foaou'b. Bi uapjiaHeaTax'B ^aaia, Hopaeria a inae- 
iqa BaeoeaH npe^Jioseaia aeliTpajtasaipa CRaH;iBBaBCRax'B rocy- 
AapcTBi a 3aRn)qeBia ues;iy hehb cb BeiaRaxa A^psaBaita ;^oroBo- 
poBi TpeTefioRoiTB oyAi. Oflflwb aai aaAaux'B Bapo^aHxi BOSAefi 
HopBoria, ea saaHeaaTuft nacaTOjiB EBepacoai no;iaajrb B'b OBponei- 
cEOfi neaaxa araTai^iD bi nojiB3y o6o6a(eHia atoro pimeaia aa aci 
BTopocreneaaHa rocy^apoTaa EBponiz. YcTpaaeaie BofiaH aesjiy 
BropocTeneaaHMB j^epsasaua no^roTOBaJio 611I a ea ycTpaaeaie aesAy 
BejiaRBtfE, npoRJEa^uBaa nyra a ajui BAea BceeaponeflcRaro coBDaa, 
ni rereaoaia npaaaAJtesajiia 611 ayjuBTypft, npooBlnieaiH) a TajiaHTy. 

^Jia npaRTEROB'B-nojiHTaROB'B, j[ia. acTopnROB'B-axnapaROB'B set ara 
aaAesA^ Ha eBponeficRoe corjiacie a codsi RaiRyrca aJUDSiaaa a^ao- 
upaBamix'B BAeoioroBi. IIpaRTBRaH'B a aanapaRaai KasajiocB baoojio- 



AHEBHHK'B aC7PHAJ[0OTi.. l49 

deft icHoroe,' ^o lenepB yse a^bho Bonuo bi acas^L e He BO867S- 
Aaerb he yAHBiOHifl, hh coHH^Hifl. Haui EasoTCfl, ^vto 1896 voji'b, 
epenvL Bci^i> obohxi HecTpoeHift, neyAa^'B h 6i;(CTBid, HapHcosajTb 
Bam* H'&oRoJiBRO flCHie ysopii Hamero eBpone&cRaro 6yi[yiiiaro. 9th 
ysopu HaMii ;^as)TB yKasaHie Ha npfl6jiHsaH)m;eecA naAOHie KanHTa- 
jiHBMa vh asoHOMHqecEoft shbhh h na TaKoe so naxeHie pyKosow- 
n^aro SHa^enifl MaTepiajibHofi chjiu bi MesAyHapo;^Hoft noxHiH^ecKoft 
xhshh. GncTeMa noiHTH^ecKofi: rereMOHin 6uj[a BiipaseHiexi npHH- 
anna HaTepiajiBHOft chjik bi MesAJHapoAHoftnosHTHsi, KaR^ o6o6n^e- 
OTBieme h RanHxajiHsai^fl Ha^ioHalBHOft npoMiimjieHHooTH Bupase- 
HieifB RanHTaxHSHa vb aROHOHHHecROM'B fiiiry. HeBOSMoacHOCTB rere- 
hohIh npH coBpeHeHHoiTB cooTHomeHiH CHJTB H 663aoj[e3HOOTB rpoMaA- 
Haro pasBHTifl MaiepiajiBHofi chjiu npH ea ^arajiBHOMi paBHOB^ciH 
TaRi me HOAroTOBJiflDTB ea OTMiny, RaRi 8MHrpai];ifl RaoHTaia wb 
OTCTaiHH crpaHii h rojiohIh h aeHjieAijiBqeoKift ephbhcb noAroTOBjrfl- 
BTB naAOHie RauHTaxHSMa. HexoBl^ecTBO em^e He Majno noTpaxHTB 
CEjn> H cpe;^CTB'B na MHiRTapHSM'B h na RaiiHTajiHBM'B, ho yse hoho, 
mo MHjiHTapHSH'B co6BpaeTCH caiTB oe6fl coRpymnrB, Rani h RanHra- 
jiH3iii> caHi ce6fl ynnqTOSHTB... mvrb CRbpie^ t^mi lynnie, ho qe- 
jiOBi^eoTBO xopomo c^tiaerB, ecxn oBoeBpeHeHHO noAyxaerB cno- 
co6ax'B o6j[er>iRTB norpaceHifl nepexoAHaro cooroHHifl. 



HoreRmifi 1896 ro^^B, HiROTopue o6npe HTorn ROToparo mu Bume 

DOABeXH, VB ^aCTHOGTH %Ii HamOft CRpOMHOfi RyjUBTypHOft SH3HH, OeIJTB 

roAOMi MHorHxi nCHiees'B. IIpadAHOBascfl TpiLjsjijBminsiTEsiTmJk i36h- 
jiet jiHTopaTypHofi AiflTexBHOCTH K. M. GmaHWKoewHa^ ROTopuft vh 
Te^enie Bcero aioro xoxraro nepio^a, npn BecBxa H8]iiHaK)niHXGH 
ycxoBiaxii, TBepAO A^paKajTB sHaHH H^eajiOBi, BOcnpHHHTBix'B bt> sejui- 
Ryn 8D0xy ocBo6o9RAeHifl, h HeHSMinno cjiysHTB hitb h Vh nacTOtf- 
mee Bpeiui cpe^H Hamero jHTepaxypHaro pa36p0Aa, h ROTopufi vh 
€B0Hxi HopcRHXi pascRasaxi BosBucHxcfl AO sHaieniH eBpoaeficKaro 
HHcaTeJUi. OTHpaBAHOBaxGH H D6Hjiefi H. E. Pfbnuua^ uhofo h Ta- 
jraHTJUHBO nocxysHBmaro poAHony HOsyccTBy. SL xo^y emjB yaoMHHyTB 
AByxi n^Hxeax'B, HMiioniiHxi cnei^asBHoe BHaqenie, 22 H0fl6pfl bi* 
Ojific&k fiiUTB oinpasAHOBaH'B ABaAi^aTHnaTHJiiTHlft lofinjieft M. X 
KponuenuttKaWf 20 ;ieRa6pH bi neTep6ypri — copoRaiiiHifi D6Hjrefi 
HaxopyccRoft se jraTepaxypnofi j^ieiBHocTH ^. 1. Mopdoetieea, 
yRpaHHCRafl iHTepaTypa JlfiamJ!^ vb OTqeTHoiTB ro;^ uorxa noABecrn 
HTOrH nxoAOTBopHofl E GHHnaTE^Hofi A^ATeJiBHocTH CBOHXi npoAOia- 
BHTejiefi H pa6oTHHROB'B, ABasAK Bi dTEX'B HToraxi no^epnaa yst- 
peHHocTB Vb cBoevB npESBaniH h E0ByH)CHj[y ajul npoAOXsesia cbo- 
•ro RyjiBTypHaro A^a. 

C. IO»aROBi». 



OTH ET-b 

KoHTopu penaKE^lH HcypHajia ,,PyccKoe 
BoraTCTBO*^ 

90 c6opy nozEepTBOBamfi Ha uocraHOBEj naMflTHEROBi> Ha Moraiax'B 

HHcaTeJieii. 

OcraTOK'B Kb 1-uy flHBapfl 1013 p. 10 e. 

nocTynHio wb HHsapt: 

Orb A. 8. CajTHKOBCBaro 1 P- » > 

> B. E. K 5 * » » 

Hioro . . ? . 1019 p. 10 X. 










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