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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
Bulletin 129 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 


BY 


MARY J. RATHBUN 


Associate in Zoology, United States National Museum 





WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1925 


ADVERTISEMENT 


The scientific publications of the United States National Museum 
consist of two series, the Proceedings and the Bulletins. 

The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are 
intended primarily as a medium for the publication of original, and 
usually brief, papers based on the collections of the National 
Museum, presenting newly acquired facts in zoology, geology, and 
anthropology, including descriptions of new forms of animals and 
revisions of limited groups. One or two volumes are completed 
annually and copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed, 
as soon as published, to libraries and scientific organizations, and 
to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The 
date of publication is recorded in the table of contents of the volume. 

The Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of a 
series of separate publications comprising chiefly monographs of 
large zoological groups and other general systematic treatises (occe- 
sionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, 
and catalogues of type-specimens, special collections, etc. The 
majority of the volumes are octavos, but a quarto size has been 
adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as 
indispensable. 

Since 1902 a series of octavo volumes containing papers relating 
to the botanical collections of the Museum, and known as the Con- 
tributions from the National Herbarium, has been published as 
bulletins. 

The present work forms No.°129 of the Bulletin series. 

WILLIAM DEC. RAVENEL, 
Administrative Assistant to the Secretary, 
In Charge of the United States National Museum. 

WasuineTton, D. C., April 15, 1925. 


II 


TABLE OF CONTENTS 


Explanation of measurements and abbreviations used _ -_______________ 
me spider crabs or Oxyrhyncha of America_____.__..._....._.-.._._._- 
Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent___________________ 
Reece On bOLn Bides of the continent - =~... 2.3 
REET TE RIS CUISCR EN Se ie Sey Osan eee 
Keys to subtribes, superfamilies, families, and subfamilies______________ 
UNMIS SONS TER ECP a 
MERC AMOR IEOME oon ee iN ge 
BORA y eM e oe ee 


ReCtMS oo LOROryRGlbt. 2 aye Bo eee 
PLEMOFYNCHKUS SEbicOrMisg-g 08 Se 
MDS eae Ii ys Sh rege ee 


PU OMpEIS See see eb wy ig See Ce 

Rau Ine ve DA COpIM as 2 Ag pe ae eh ner ph 
eIAOUrIsts DROMIAOTN 27 = 2 ok ee se 
Reps PU US EAC EN oe en sf ee ek ee 


SIGE Vetter te se ee ier pe a ee 
SPU COLA Sa 22 es ee ee ee ed ee ee, 
GR UN GS = ees = ata BR gee oe i ee 
TMVAAT EAU UT ee ee Peis oy a eee 8 SS 
TIVE CTO CCD Heese as eee erg. ec yet et i we 
PROS SUES ee paren oh ae eee eh aE ee ee 
TCH CS oe a SS eo SE 
IDET bane eee ee eek 
CUNVINOSUDI Rea Se Se eee eee 
pCi Geran ssa ee ee ee 
IDSEDATCHSIS= 2 eee ee ee A BE 
SADT aT Se eal ee is Sek See S 
lObiiiO nS ewer gh a oe A 
Gentispinacholdes ss ee ee ee a 


omiis Mutie pene tees ak eel a eR SR ot 
Prleptus SHiOSUs = <6 428 cetet ett Epi ea Sa eek 
GOGTin MOREE OMy sO iene ove hod re eee le toe ee 
Cieicomis praciienei<£ 22s irene ae, ool den a ee 
SURI Caete eeeek seee e eare eh 


IV TABLE OF CONTENTS 


Superfamily Oxyrhyncha—Continued. 
Family Majidae—Continued. 
Subfamily Inachinae—Continued. 


Genus (Hurypodiis3 3.29 26? eee ere 
Runypodmustl ah rei ins eee ee ee 


LON PIROSURIS | Syne es AS yet ere ea ee ms 
Genus Huciietops ect ean bias Nek I a ee ee eee 


HUICIN ETO MSs Casii ayes ene en ee 


Tubellula 2s ose Sa eee ie ae a 
DATA OM SIS ee ieee Binge SS leer ee 
Dolavkita mg) oe co er atin Cn Bee ter eaten a ee 
Genus Arachnopsige: (oe eee ele cer ee eae ae ee 


ATachnopsis Hlipes=<. Je Sees a as 
Genus: Acpinilste: 2= 22 oes Toner Sie ener 


Aepinus.septemspinosus 2222. be ee 


Genus Buproprist hase oy oe a ae 
Euprognatha rastellifera__..___________ 


rastellifera, mantic esa amen mere ee 


rastellifera acuta________- 


GenusiCollodes' 2: ite oe oa ae rene eee 
Collodes*eranosus: =< oe ss Ye eee 

FLISPINOSTISsea ae, ee 

* ODESUS et kes kerr ces 


TOSULAGUISE ere ree epee eee 
CENUITOStHistee se tee ee 
LODUStTUSS= = eee BOER et eae 
: leptocheles______ yeh Lc Rela Lace 


PINOTIN I Gate wes eer ee ee. Pe) 


ATTA CUS ee See eee ee fe) Ve a Lg 


Genus *Batrachonotus!+<2% =e te ee 
Batrachonotus fragosus_________.____-- 


MICH Ol Sian Ta at eg ss A Oe ea 


Genus -Pyromaian:< = Pate aa eet es 4 


Pyromaiajcuspida tar s* cw Seepere o ane! aie als ee a bee 
ATA CHINA heer eee Ae Lr ae Nana 
tubercula taceers ne roreten renee oer ! OCLs 


Genus -Dasy gy iiss * aes -seaae 5 + 


Dasy gyrus eibhosuse =. + soe. eee 


depressustes s2e6 Cee ee eee Se 


Subfamily Acanthonychinae____-_____.________ 
Genus Acanthonyx==*22>* == 75s" haee Ov ees 
Acanthonys petiverils <4" =>“Fa9Rl Ss es2 

Genus Epialtus _____.___- 1a 9) 8 te ei 


Epialtius bitulbercul situs ieee eee ee eee 
brasiliénsis..+=:2=* =. -=S— ase Seen eee 
sulcirostrist #22 2se-s eR EON a eee 
longirostrisa.: 42-4 .fS Deh 3 Jo Sa ee 2. 


longirostris forma portoricensis 


TABLE OF CONTENTS 


Superfamily Oxyrhyncha—Continued. 
Family Majidae—Continued. 
Subfamily Acanthonychinae—Continued. 
Genus Epialtus—Continued. 

Benaline cinesleyi ener weal 8k 2 
dilatatus-.---~4!s Bhp age eit Sb ee fu. oa eee 
dilatatus forma, clongatasstael2 eens) os - 
MINNIS! 2s eee rshewe peter iedys 
GOT Ae ee pepe ine ey tpens YS 2 
perimianus. - -eorslage piegridasgsh. 2 22. 
Crenulatue= 22 22 5 ay ae e_epeeet os = 

Genus. Macasoan... sit teat & ereiggee te}. =2 8 : 
Moasosca erchripunctatar diego es 6 2 oe esse 
Genus, Buplegradon., ote hand ape. 22 
Eupleurodon trifurcatus_____- bs Eu pegs yop) gh pte D8 arte eee 
DSSHIAAIIS THIEME 8 oe 2 ee 

Connie AER ae etl ee oe ee a SS 

TAMeMIS meal. Inwiepe: 6 2s So bs 
MALPIN ATS ee ele oS Le eee 
Gentatnss 35 ee ep ee ee 

puma Emerita 6S oe 2 eel ere phe PE oe = Ls 

Pogetiis producta.-- 22. -esieto Pe ee EE eee 
eracilig. ws tqedele wuteiatgnn 92 a SS 
TIGHU 2. = os senses ania Mery 8 ee 


Gren Tie NL lmiig ates 8 2 ook yet. ptr pi 2 2 ee 
Maminlnsioltatais ts 7k epi apepedtee oe Se es ee 
(Gans legen ce, IE ke 
LEG CAP ARE AERP OOM,  geOeemer. 2 ee 
Geaus Sphenprarcinuse 2. ealeralyn 2 ee 
SHHENOCATeINUs Corrosus.... selon eiseay__—-.- 
BGaRsIT- else serie. oS 2. A 

Genus, Mennpthiogs. 504 2 segslnio/ eta ____- 
Menaethiops portoricensisa! seus! ssqoler ec --_-- 
(lenisuisaiate tee a MMS Ss LB 
PRapUsweroneisa Be 2 2s oe el eA pre ys 
Sabiamiiy, Pisinge 2. 22 25 lente adfeti ee = 
(,eDUISIBCYTOea ss oe sit Jt pine ym T page) 2 
Seyi aeiirons. 52 4 ete day penta. ee 
Genrissluoxorliynebus. 23 htop) _ ee 
Loxorbyochus prandig as wecntryqse piaden =... 
CTISPRUUS! ogee ee 2 eek 

Spee CAT TNS he en, eine el Ok aS 
Oar ile, WinCE Oe oe es a eee ee Ee 
IGRGIOCS DUEDION ap eS ESE ae 

Geri ARICA seen ee te Ie eto s 


COU Ue ee ee wale see ees Po ek ee 
PtHomipese 2 Sew seeer eile ke Bash p 
OCCAenpalis= 22s ees ees SS i es ul el 5 
VERICUISTIS™ “22 senate OAR ok 
UIMPOnNaAtA eas «eat MER BOIS oo Soe 


Page 
t52 
153 
154 
155 
156 
157 
158 
158 
159 
160 
160 
161 
162 
162 
164 
165 
167 
167 
172 
176 
178 
180 
182 
182 
184 
184 
185 
187 
188 
189 
190 
191 
192 
193 
195 
195 
198 
198 
200 
202 
203 
203 
204 
210 
214 
216 
207 
218 
220 
22 


Val TABLE OF CONTENTS 


Superfamily Oxyrhyncha—Continued. 
Family Majidae—Continued. 


Subfamily Pisinae—Continued. Page 
Genus Libidoclaea.... .- _ barottes Jane eeipig SE ete) 3 PoP 
Libideclaea ‘pranaria, ..... /alemcbt ee tial 2 oe 224 
STAG ea. ey Co ee ie be 226 

Genus ‘Oplopisasteeeher sare} eeleidiiiy 3 oe ee 228 
Oplopisaepinipes> 2. J. eae See 228 
Genus Drachiymalaseie 22 - ost Regep ee etp es 10n Ree eee te epee 229 
Trachymaiatcornutac < ou seee he | ee 229 
Genus Léeurocyclus2254.... 2 2oeeiy a ee 230 
iLeurocyclus: tuberculosus2.2= = Pee eee 230 
sracilipes aia riiety aiwien PL Ld 231 

Genus Chionoecetes.-.. ..-.. - .sobosoleqe. eae Zoe 
Chionoecetesopilio 22d senutin) sobowmlans oko 233 
opilio.eloneabist = = 35 aS ee 233 
bairdiicis....2. eterna eee eS 235 

tanneri 3. ee We ey epee oS 243 

sngulatus eee ese rs 247 

Génus ciyass . <<. ae ee 2. seer a 58 eae as 252 
Hyasvaraneusitectics ceo ce Be) mene) 253 
Coarctatuss Selo .52 Rye BE ee 258 
Coarctatus alutaceusses eames 9oe ee = see 258 
COaRctatuscursinuUs-325- 25 Bae n> hk ee 258 

ATER UES ese AS eae No ot 3k yn hs a 270 

Genus Relate ree hei oar Raa: | aC CaCI Ly ae 275 
Pelia. muti¢aee ses ee a Rene Soe 278 
roti da hte 3 8 Se esha pe ec 279 

tumidan wees =. 22s ope et pias 281 

Paciiicar awe =H Ul Marea mikyemes anew NS le Daa 283 

pulehellace sec 2. a sup baeenastge ret oe 284 

Genus: Pisoides e345. atya titans saptin Sy sinty ryayeghy ee 284 
Pisoidestedward sii: 2 teteeiee Se she a eee 285 
Genus Notolopas 22.505 seine DA deed) oe 287 
Notolopastiamellatusziel satya oa bhp ye 287 
brasiliensis. 22.2525. sesget ween oo ae 288 

Genius sNibiliay ses: Crete boo payeasyen pepe oc Es 289 
Nibilia antilocaprad 22 oi. 2 Wi eee hie eed gee 290 
Genusvheptecessc 2 28 2 bs ee ee 292 
Heptecesiornatus.c. 5. Lasor eben wegen co he ve 292 
Genus -HerbstisSuces2 = 22k Ao xe sees 2 oe 293 
Herbstiarcamptacantha a taee: Bano iy eee 294 

DAL Vilir ons sae aS PE i a ee ie ee 296 

GE POSS aes Sie ce tes we ee A 298 

CC UIT Gh eae a ees eS Sa en 299 

iy euT GSU 2 ewe Na ane re) ice eye ye 300 

PYyRlOTMIs = 252 LSS eee a eee een nee 301 

PD UCSC TS Baym cs a= epee 302 
Genusiieropisa so oa ae ee ee 303 
INI CTO PISA AO LACS ae a0 Re ae a eee 303 
Genus) Choris Bese a oy pa ee eee pa 304 
Chorinuatherose oes ah ne oe Bae thn ara see 305 
Genus Holoplitessssork . 25. hire Sa ee 307 


Holoplitestarmatas ..) 24323 ce ae 307 


TABLE OF CONTENTS VII 


Superfamily Oxyrhyncha—Continued. 
Family Majidae—Continued. 


Subfamily Pisinae—Continued. Page 
Genus Chorilibinige 0s 95 > 4 Re Peet See 309 
CHOMmibiis: ROUstd =e eee eee eee 309 
Genusehibinige= = 53 a5 a4 se te ee eo = 310 
Libiia-Cmareinntes >see eee ee ace ee a tees 311 

CU pia es ee ee ey eee es Be ee 313 

CHINACEA Ss eee re ee oe fee ye 321 
THOMpDOICeA See ee ae eee Se ee ee 323 

LETTER ACT ee ee ee ee eee iecees 324 

Spe ae eens eee ee Spe ecw 325 

SCHORR atte eee se ie. Se eee 327 

AUTOR COTS Se eee ee a eS ne eee 328 

PIserAt eS se ee eee See 329 

eS THT SR Lies eee eee eee eel a a en ee ee eee 331 
Passavbicarinaba sce ee aie ee oe ee ee ee oe 
EGU V TUES eet ee re es en ie ee ee eS 333 

CU SROSR a Sere a ea tL ee Se ee oe 333 
brasiliensise: 2s ee he ewe 2 ee eee eset Soo 
Drain See Sie fee ne oe aaa o te eee 30D 
Gone istopsise serene Oe ee men eee 337 
NATOPSIE UAC URIS ene ns Se eee eae 338 
Gemisvearanithtaxs \ se ot ee es e alae ae ae ee ea 338 
Paramithrax DACKSUDOMMN === to ea eee ee an 339 
(GenticwlomnonGuusess a2 en == pe a ene ee ae ee 340 
Temuoanobtus, PranUlOSUS= 28 28 UE OS US ee 341 
SUHDIONs 0 ote Se ee ee Sea 342 
Geniisilinersanaruse + cease ek Oke ae een ee Nee ete os 343 
‘Thersanuris Compressuge.$ 5402 aS sect ee ee 343 
Genus Hemuse!. =.=) alae a ee Bee eee eas 345 
Hens. eristulipes.-- Setete vests be ese 345 
SHOES 2 Ope Ne oi ieee 347 
Genisihoee ss ee ere OY ee Dee Pe eee aoe 347 
SERBS ONENE Ys ae ee ee eee 348 
SUWCAtete nese ee Ne oS eA eos 349 
PaisHeUSIS so eae ioe ene 351 

ChOSAS ae ee OR, = Se he SESS ose ses 351 

ASPOTA aOR = oe Sel oF Seas 352 

@enus) Pieroceroidest= 22 or ne ee eee Sa Esse 353 
Picroceroides bUDUIATIS¢ ton ee eee eee ooo eto 354 
Genisseithoee sere wee th SS One Sess 355 
Pithoracilentaete ee ee ee ae Poe See Pel se 357 
WREAR Ee oe ee eer os are oe ee 359 
Gwinguedentnta. 8 eee tes isc. 361 
NESTING ite Se te ee ee ee oe ee 362 

ATU LS ee ne wee eee See BS ee eae 366 
REXGEItA US ee ee een ee we eT SS oe 367 

ISOC OL ee eee See ee eee See 368 
quadrinentabe saci iee 2 Ps eels cool osc eH = 369 

lneyigdih._. eset =. 25-22 25-55 =~ 5--2 372 

ingen ese pe. Mew OS ee eek ote aes ce 374 

penis: Leppopsa.._._ #hlanehennys_- 5 = else == 375 


Leptopiss..setirostristiaivgorru_ . -_ ===. ---=------ 375 


VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS 


Superfamily Oxyrhyncha—Continued. 
Family Majidae—Continued. 
Subfamily Majinae—Continued. 
Genus Anaptychus=-. 2. 205 > ee ee See 
JAMA FY;CHUSHC ORIG US ota a ep 


Genus Mithrax 


Subgenus yMithraxc 2 ae fee ee 
Mithraxys pinOsis simi ts Sse eee eee 


NOSUTATUSS 2. ea eee ee 
COTTUGUS = 3 tea ae et ae 
ACULICORMISL Se see ee on ee hoes ee 
SPUPINES yee Sar Ea eee 
Wold eres Liss PNG sis ey eee a ee Ts 
babamensig?es aye ie Se Ne 
DILOSUS eye ee ee ne. 8 ae 
hero bit a ee ea ee 
ORCUNG UIes ter a ge cee eam i a 


VERTU COS US m2 et eta ee ae tase, eee ene at a ee 
RANT Sete ey oleae Sa 
braziliensisoo.. 22 soe ek ee 
IY TNN CU SE a eg 
isis ates a es ee Se 
CAanlbDACUS = 2225 hl eee Sit he 
PICURRCATILONUIB 2222s Ue ee 
TOLLUG AC soph ee eis. ei a Sc 
huberculla tus es. 25 sa2 are ee een 
BINGNSIS ns see eee nee ee ee ee mae 


ancolatuss 2 = 5.2 peas Nee eye 
cCinetimanss... 2 Sty hae ae SE Seek eae ee 


Genus;Meleophryses22 2. 2 225 ee es eee eal a) ear 
Meleophrysicristwlipesss.s ess ne See ea Te 


Gimp shee or eh ee eee ag pes oS NE 
DO COC Kes Se ye 1a os oe ay a a 5 meas ee ol 
OTA GUISE ee Ie 2 oy eae PA oe See. Sere 


Genus) Cocloce rise ces ayaa ate ae eas one ee 


Coelocerus 


SSPETIOSUIS eo ce os eee ek A se oy 


Genus Sten¢deionops= ee ee ee ee 
Stenocionopstuncata st = 9 see ee et ee 


furcatarcoclataeem eee e ta ae wee nets 
Contig uate es BONEN Coe See 
SPINOSIssiniges FOE ANE Le Se 
spinimana 22. ee bees 2 eT eee 


Page 
377 
378 
379 
383 
383 
386 
386 
388 
391 
392 
393 
394 
395 
397 
399 
400 
403 
404 
406 
406 


TABLE OF CONTENTS Ix 


Superfamily Oxyrhyncha—Continued. 
Family Majidae—Continued. 


Subfamily Majinae—Continued. Page 
Seekad SIRE OCOCIO Maas ee hn ee 463 
Muacrococioms’ trispinosum 22 (oP ee 466 
trispinosum, variety. -2-2.-...-=5, ..— 468 

trispmnosum nodipes__-__.........-..- 468 

Cen UOCERUM Sao ee ee ee 469 

NE PUNCHMUMUNA He en ae ne 473 

RGMpOI SUG SULMe terre nee mre Wee oe 477 

PPUPI ANC PRRE LTS URTIA Beare wee Set as a i 478 

SUD parse lie eee es 480 

Nl COVES VAD bec in ai og ae ne doa 482 

ERE kD ek GLUTEN ee ee ee eee ee ae eve 483 

CULUC CMe ae oe eee ee ee eee ee dee 484 

PPOPELIMEUIN ENG cone ee ee 486 

CONMGA VU ee ae re oe 487 

CAV gle chy iy 7 ele ate irae Repent tenes lagi ele ag 488 
Micropurys OlGOMMNbUs. = 22 es ete 489 

WEG Elite tage peter kt aa oe ae ae 496 

, DIStYEOM teen = a eee ee Ee 497 
SLE CT Sis eae permers ies Ae ee a ee eee 498 

SLCHI CS Sees reg ge hess ng ee 500 

area cust ls reek SC a ee ee 502 

APRICOT RUD DUB Spee Aes oes Ses Fes 504 

GUAT TRIS og reel 2 ae 505 

ReaD CRU ees 2 Pine tae el se ee es ee 2 507 
Wigene lemelnirrong.. 2.52 ee ek eee poe 508 

CMAN OM AUR: see Se a ea os ee a 508 

Family Parthenopidae-____ pi Se ce ee eee ee Age En meee! IL 510 
BitaTN ye AvhOGnNODINACy =~ oe 2. te ee 510 
Grup EMPL OP WIE 7 et ne eae 511 
SUP PeMIssE aT Ghenope=—s 2 ween oon a ee eee 513 
IPAEUNERODGrAC OMNIS ee a oe Bl ot es 513 

TOU ge yee on ee Bs 8 514 

SUbgeNUISP El Aby lam DRUSS= ees ton es Tie eee ee 516 
Parihenopesermavaue. tes 2 2 eee 2 SE 516 
OUGUALCS ieee = ae) ae = ees rte eS 521 

CxmlIpess = se emia ee eee 523 

depressiuscullas 2-2 ee Se 524 

PEUO TRIN 2 re eg eg ae 525 

fraterculuse sete eee ee eee 525 

Sublenus Escudolambrus=,. =.= 8 S4-= — 528 

PPS POCHOPO GIADIWIA, 98 oe nk. ge 528 

CRC ONE ee ss te 529 

(a Sena Aa oo te on 4 ee 530 
(Cuisiminameneristabipes<.. 3... 2.2.2. -s.-5.--5 5 530 
CPmlise Ln rOImraise 62h ee we ee 531 
(Dbigrol nm DriniAaiTOINeR 256003 2-6 2 ee Se 532 
CLOSUSM sean Wem 8 ey Se 533 





2 


5487—257 


x TABLE OF CONTENTS 


Superfamily Oxyrhyncha—Continued. 
Family Parthenopidae—Continued. 


Subfamily Parthenopinae—Continued. Page 
Genus Solenolambrus=s-2 2425025 a So ee ee ee 534 
SoOlenoiambrus  typiclse. 22 Se ee eee 537 

ALCUAPIS 58 2 ee = eee eee 538 

PeLtonApOsis: —— > {ee eee eee 539 

Gecemspinosus== 22 =.= <a Sse ee =. eee 540 

Tene list: yowe Sei eee ee 541 

Genus: Lelolambrug 2... ee eee ene 543 
Heiolambrus punctatissumusso =e) sone] eee 543 

MUUCH Sse: neta se ees eee cree ne Ce 545 

Genus’. Mesorhoceae st 2 ae ee ee ee ee ee 546 
Mesorhoeasexspinusa 200 pos Te ee eS eee 547 
REDLINE ent ee 548 

Greens Ae tI aera tg ees ee te EE See 550 

ACthra SCrUPOSa SCUUal aaa ae cee ae ee 552 

Genus Cryptopodia 22s 25. -2 2S ee ae ee eee 553 

Cry ptopodia, CONCAVAL- no ia ee 553 

NASslebie esa Se a ee 554 

Genus, Heterocry pias 2. vee ae os ee ee ~ 554 
FHeterocryptar eran ata sess ee ee ee 555 

TTA CHO EAC INA as er ee ee ere 558 

TREAT Gl Geyer coe eee eee ee tay aetna 559 

Occidentalisa=. ka eee. eee ere ae 559 

Kamily:Hymenosomidaese ooo. sau ee ek Se ee ae 561 
Genus Halicarcinuis: once ee ae ee ee ee eee ee 561 

a licar eins pl aire Gus see a ee eee nee 563 
Bxplanation of plates 90220. fesse ces ee ae eee ee 565 
Ne rare 2 race eR en ee pene ah eee) OC yO a oe 599 


10. 


11. 
12. 
13. 


14. 
15. 


16. 
£7. 


18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 


23 
24. 


25. 


27 

28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 


TEXT FIGURES 


Diagrammatic dorsal view of a spider crab, showing the terms used in 
description. By W. L. Schmitt. 


. Diagrammatic ventral view of a spider crab, showing the terms used in 


description. By W. L. Schmitt. 


. Stenorynchus seticornis (9467), maxilliped, X 7. 
. Stenorynchus debilis, male (15544), profile of orbital region showing basal 


antennal article and its small terminal spine, X 10. 


. Metoporhaphis calcarata (11385), maxilliped, * 14.5. 
. Anomalothir furcillatus (18127), maxilliped, X 17. 
. Achaeopsis thomsoni, station 951, Fish Hawk, X 2.4. a. Dorsal view. 0. 


Carapace in profile. (After Smith.) 


. Achaeopsis thomsoni (18769), maxilliped, < 14.5. 
. a. Podochela riiset (18075), maxilliped, X 12. 6. Podochela riisei (50991), 


propodus and dactylus of last leg, X 5. c. Podochela sidneyi (8814), 
propodus and dactylus of last leg, X 5. 

Podochela algicola, female holotype, carapace 19 mm. long. a. Anterior por- 
tion, ventral view. 6. Propodus and dactylus of third ambulatory leg. 
c. Rostrum. d. Chela. e. Maxilliped. (After Stebbing.) 

Podochela macrodera, male (6368), left chela, X 4.66. 

Podochela gracilipes, male (18089), left chela, X 6. 

Podochela barbarensis, X 2. Legs 1, 2 and 4 are Cat. No. 29955, U.S.N.M., 
and may be from different specimens; leg 3 is Cat. No. 48256, U.S.N.M. 
a. First leg. 6. Second leg. c. Third leg. d. Fourth leg. 

Podochela latimanus, male holotype, left chela, X 5.3. 

Podochela lobifrons, male holotype, carapace 20.5 mm. long. a. First leg. 
b. Second leg. c. Thirdleg. d. Fourth leg. 

Inachoides microrhynchus (18056), maxilliped, X 17. 

Inachoides laevis, male (43023), right chela, 6.3 mm. long. a. Inner side. 
b. Outer side. 

Erileptus spinosus, male (53957), maxilliped, 21.3. 

Oregonia gracilis (17065), maxilliped, X 4. 

Oregonia gracilis, male (14705), abdomen, X 2.76. 

Oregonia bifurca, male (46488), abdomen, X 2.76. 

Eucinetops panamensis, male (55120). a. Left chela, X 24. 6. Rostrum, 
ep laeG. 

Eucinetops panamensis, male (55120), maxilliped, X 29.5. 

Eucinetops blakiana (19405). a. Right chela of male, X 35. 6. Rostrum of 
female, X 20. 

Eucinetops blakiana, female (19405), maxilliped, X 29.5. 


. Arachnopsis filipes (15199), maxilliped, X 22. 


Arachnopsis filipes, male (18117), left chela, X 13.33. 

Aepinus septemspinosus (15165), maxilliped, X 9.8. 

Aepinus septemspinosus, male (15165), left chela, 3.3 mm. long. 

Euprognatha rastellifera marthae (3350), maxilliped, 11.1. 

Collodes granosus, female (21863), rostrum, X 26.66. 

Collodes trispinosus, male (9783). a. Rostrum, X 16. b. Left chela, X6.66. 
XI 


XIT 


30. 
34, 


35. 
36. 


ov. 


38. 


39. 


40. 


41. 
42. 


43. 
44, 
45. 
46. 
47. 
48. 
49. 
50. 
51. 
52. 
53. 


54. 
55. 


56. 


57. 


58. 
59. 


60. 


61. 


9 
“. 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 


Collodes obesus, female (46984), rostrum of carapace 11 mm. long. 

Collodes rostratus. a..Rostrum of female (21865), * 16.66. 6. Rostrum 
of male (21864), X 13.338. c. Left chela of male (21864), X 10.66. 

Collodes tenuirostris, male (21867), X 8. a. Left chela. 6. Rostrum. 

Collodes robustus, male, station 940, Fish Hawk, dorsal view, X 1.5. (After 
Smith.) 

Collodes robustus, young male, station 1036, Fish Hawk, dorsal view, hair 
removed from one side, X 2.9. (After Smith.) 

Collodes robustus, male, station 940, Fish Hawk, right chela, * 1. (After 
Smith.) 

Collodes robustus, young male, station 1036, Fish Hawk, right chela, x 8. 
(After Smith.) 

Collodes robustus, male, station 940, Fish Hawk, ventral view of anterior half, 
xX 2.66. (After Smith.) 

Collodes robustus (5775), maxilliped, * 5.92. 

Collodes leptocheles, male (9748). a. Abdomen, X 4.66. 6. Rostrum, X 12.66. 
c. Left chela, X 7.33. 

Collodes inermis, male (24142), frontal and orbital region, * 15. 

Collodes inermis, male (24142), left chela, & 13.33. 

Collodes levis, male (24083), left chela, x 24. 

Collodes levis, female (23772), dorsal view of carapace, X 2.5. (After Rathbun.) 

Collodes tumidus, male (21571), left chela, * 9.33. 

Batrachonotus fragosus (47070), maxilliped, 18.1. 

Pyromaia arachna (46778), maxilliped, < 3.75. 

Dasygyius depressus (21873), maxilliped, * 5.26. 

Dasygyius depressus, male (21873), left chela, * 2.66. 

Acanthonyx petiverii (40455), maxilliped, 11.2. 

Epialtus, outlines of the carapace of different species. a. bituberculatus, male, 
Chile, X 3.5, after A. Milne Edwards. 0. bituberculatus, female, Chile, X 
2.8, after A. Milne Edwards. cc. sulcirostris, male (47112), 5.7 mm. long. 
d. brasiliensis, male (56011), 6.6 mm. long. e. brasiliensis, 13.7 mm. 
long, after Dana. f. crenulatus, female (18135), 6.4mm. long. g. longi- 
rostris, female (43019), 7 mm. long. h. longirostris forma portoricensis, 
male (24154), 5.7 mm. long. 7. peruvianus, male (54208), 4.8 mm. long. 
j. dilatatus, female, St. Thomas, after A. Milne Edwards. k. dilatatus 
forma elongata, male (47090), 11.5 mm.long. l. kingsleyi, male holotype, 
7.7mm.long. m. hiltont, male, holotype, 13.6mm.long. n. hiltoni, male, 
Laguna, 16.1 mm. long. 0. minimus, male, Patos Island, 21 mm. long. 

Epialtus bituberculatus, male (24849), maxilliped, < 16. 

Epialtus brasiliensis, male (56011), propodus of last three legs, X 18. a. 
Fourth leg. 6b. Third leg. c. Second leg. 

Epialtus longirostris, male (48742), left cheliped. The carapace is about 7.5 
mm. long. 

Epialtus minimus. a, b, and c from drawings by J. 8. Kingsley of a cotype. 
a. Carapace and three legs, X 4. 6. Anterior portion, ventral view, X 4. 
c. Maxilliped, enlarged. d. Propodus of second right leg to show two tufts 
of hair, male, San Marcos, * 12. 

Epialtus peruvianus, male (54208), loose leg. The carapace is 4.8 mm. long. 

Mocosoa crebripunctata, male (18129), maxilliped. The carapace is 7 mm. 
long. 

Eupleurodon peruvianus, female holotype, maxilliped. The carapace is 10 
mm. long. 

Taliepus nuttallit (50014), maxilliped, * 2.63. 

Pugettia producta, female (2139), dorsal view, carapace 86.8 mm. long: 
(After R. Rathbun.) 


63. 


64. 
65. 


66. 


67. 


68. 
69. 


70. 


wi. 
72. 
73. 
74. 
75. 


76. 
at. 
78. 
79. 
80. 
81. 
82. 
83. 
84. 
85. 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS XI 


Pugetiia producta (19315), maxilliped, X 2.78. 

Pugettia gracilis (18140), maxilliped, 4.44. 

Pugettia gracilis, anterior portion, ventral view, X 1.8. (After Dana and 
Schmitt.) 

Pugettia richii, male, carapace and chelipeds, X 0.8. (After Dana and 
Schmitt.) 

Pugettia dalli, male (29951), anterior portion in profile to show flat side of 
postorbital lobe, x 4. 

Pugettia venetiae, female (50268), maxilliped, X 10.5. 

Pugettia venetiae, male (50268), left chela, X 6. 

Mimulus foliatus, male, cotype, carapace 28 mm. long, dorsal view. (After 
Stimpson.) 

Mimulus foliatus (22874), maxilliped, 5. 

Leucippa pentagona (47119), maxilliped, X 8.4. 

Sphenocarcinus corrosus, female (15183), maxilliped, X 16. 

Menaethiops portoricensis, female, holotype, anterior half of carapace, X 14.5. 

Menaethiops portoricensis, female (56012), basal article of left antenna, 
much enlarged. 

Menaethiops portoricensis, male (56012), endopodite of maxilliped, X 43.8. 

Menaethiops portoricensis, male (56012), chela, much enlarged. 

Menaethiops portoricensis, female (56012), a loose leg, much enlarged. 

Scyra acutifrons (31548), maxilliped, 6.2. 

Loxorhynchus grandis (54738), maxilliped, X 1.87. 

Chorilia longipes (31637), maxilliped, 4.3. 

Chorilia longipes turgida, front and orbit, X 1.6. (After Rathbun.) 

Rochinia crassa, front and orbit, * 1.5. (After Rathbun.) 

Rochinia crassa, male (11213), maxilliped, 2.9. 

Rochinia umbonata (11377), front and orbit, after Rathbun. a. Male, total 

length of carapace 26.5 mm. 0b. Male, total length of carapace 28 mm. 
c. Ovigerous female, total length of carapace, 31 mm. 


. Libidoclaea granaria (21919), maxilliped, X 7.5. 

. Trachymaia cornuta (11400), maxilliped, X 11.6. 

. Chionoecetes opilio (43803), maxilliped, X 3.7. 

. Chionoecetes opilio, young male, dorsal view, enlarged. (After Smith, MS.) 
. Hyas, left basal antennal article of three species. a. araneus, male (10031). 


b. coarctatus alutaceus, male (40182). c. lyratus, male (15927). 


. Hyas araneus, male, dorsal view, X 1.55. (After Smith, MS.) 
. Hyas araneus (10031), maxilliped, X 2.85. 

. Hyas coarctatus, male, carapace. (After Smith, MS.) 

. Pelia mutica (40750), maxilliped, < 17. 

. Notolopas lamellatus, female (48799), maxilliped, X 11.5. 
. Notolopas brasiliensis, male (16315), maxilliped, X 10.66. 
. Nibilia antilocapra (14091), maxilliped, X 3.6. 

. Lepteces ornatus (9546), maxilliped, < 18. 

. Herbstia parvifrons (32962), maxilliped, X 6.4. 

. Micropisa violacea (55769), maxilliped, X 6. 

. Chorinus heros (53044), maxilliped, < 6. 


Holoplites armata (2866), maxilliped, * 9.37. 


. Libinia emarginata (3898), maxilliped, * 2.85. 
. Libinia emarginata, young male (40178), total length of carapace 43 mm., 


dorsal view. (After R. Rathbun.) 


. Libinia dubia, young male (40177), total length of carapace 38 mm., dorsal 


view. (After R. Rathbun.) 


. Libinia dubia, young female (40176), total length of carapace 35.5 mm., 


profile. (After Smith, MS.) 


XIV 


107. 
108. 


109. 
110. 
111. 
112. 


113. 
114. 


115. 
116. 


LET. 


118. 
119. 
120. 
2k. 


122. 


123. 
124, 
125. 
126. 
127. 
128. 
129. 


130. 
131. 
132. 
133. 
134, 


135. 
136. 
137. 
138. 
139. 
140. 
141. 


142. 


143. 
144, 


145. 
146. 
147. 
148. 


149. 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 


Lissa tuberosa (21927), maxilliped, x 19.5. 

Paramithrax bdckstrémi, male (55121), median length of carapace 16.3 mm., 
maxilliped. 

Thersandrus compressus (48744), maxilliped, X 17.1. 

Hemus cristulipes (19724), maxilliped, < 30.7. 

Thoe puella (14442), maxilliped, X 18.2. 

Thoe puella, female (14442), basal antennal article and subhepatie region, 
x 9. 

Thoe panamensis, female (48786), basal antennal article, 9. 

Thoe aspera, male (23773), total length of carapace 10 mm. (After Rath- 
bun.) a. Carapace, dorsal view. b. Merus of a right ambulatory leg. 

Picroceroides tubularis (24082), maxilliped, X 8.58. 

Pitho, appendages of first abdominal segment of male of different species. a. 
lherminiert. b. anisodon. c. aculeata. d. mirabilis. (a, b, and c, after 
Rathbun.) 

Pitho, first and second movable articles of antenna of different species. a. 
quinquedentata. b. lherminiert. c. mirabilis. d. anisodon. 

Pitho anisodon (6424), maxilliped, 8.58. 

Pitho dispar, female (24205), outline of front and orbits, from below, X 6. 

Leptopisa setirostris (48658), maxilliped, X 9.16. 

Leptopisa setirostris, female (48667), basal article of antenna with post- 
orbital lobe, * 9. 

Anaptychus cornutus, male, type. a. Antennal region, ventral view. 6. 
Maxilliped. (After Stimpson.) 

Mithrax braziliensis, male (19953), basal article of antenna, X 7. 

Mithrax hispidus (17962), maxilliped, X 7.6. 

Mithrax (Mithraculus) sculptus, male (14058), maxilliped, X 11.8. 

Mithrax (Mithraculus) sculptus, male (14058), basal antennal article, X 5. 

Mithrax (Mithraculus) nodosus, male (25673), maxilliped, X 5.4. 

Teleophrys tumidus (40466), maxilliped, X 13.5. 

Teleophrys ornatus, female (23774), carapace 5.6 mm. long. (After Rath- 
bun.) a. Carapace, dorsal view. 6. Ambulatory leg. 

Coelocerus spinosus (9694), maxilliped, X 2.33. 

Stenocionops furcata (43084), maxilliped, X 2.7. 

Macrocoeloma trispinosum (43028), maxilliped, < 7. 

Macrocoeloma heptacanthum, maxilliped. (After Bell.) 

Macrocoeloma heptacanthum, female (21932), basal antennal article, with 
postorbital lobe, X 12. 

Macrocoeloma villosum, Guayaquil, maxilliped. (After Bell.) 

Macrocoeloma laevigatum, male (46933), basal antennal article, X 6.66. 

Macrocoeloma eutheca (46932), basal antennal article, X 11. 

Macrocoeloma intermedium (9492), basal antennal article, X 6. 

Microphrys bicornutus (7580), maxilliped, X 8.4. 

Microphrys platysoma (20292), basal antennal article, X 13.3. 

Microphrys antillensis, male (43017), total length of carapace 14 mm., basal 
antennal article. 

Microphrys aculeatus (25677), basal antennal article, X 12.7. 

Microphrys branchialis (21576), basal antennal article, X 13.2. 

Microphrys interruptus (48573), basal antennal article, < 16. 

Micropkrys triangulaius (21943), basal antennal article, X 14. 

Parthenope agonus (51009), maxilliped, X 11.7. 

Thyrolambrus astreides (9515), maxilliped, * 12. 

Solenolambrus typicus (50388), maxilliped, X 17.7. 

Leiolambrus punctatissimus (17366), maxilliped, * 19.2. 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS XV 


150. Mesorhoea sexspinosa (50456), maxilliped, X 33.8. 

151. Cryptopodia concava (49226), maxilliped, X 28. 

152. Heterocrypta granulata (8485), maxilliped, < 14.6. 

153. Heterocrypta lapidea, female (20324), carapace 5.9 mm. long, dorsal view. 


OCONoar WN 


(After Rathbun.) 


PLATES 


. Dasygyius depressus. 

. Stenorynchus seticornis. 

. Stenorynchus seticornis. 

. Stenorynchus debilis. 

. Stenorynchus debilis. 

. Metoporhaphis calcarata. 

. Metoporhaphis calcarata. 

. Anomalothir frontalis and furcillatus. 

. Anomalothir frontalis and furcillatus. 

. Achaeopsis thomsoni. 

. Podochela riiset and lobifrons. 

. Podochela sidneyt. 

. Podochela sidney. 

. Podochela vestita. 

. Podochela margaritaria. 

. Podochela macrodera. 

. Podochela gracilipes. 

. Podochela hemphillii. 

. Podochela curvirostris. 

. Podochela lamelligera and barbarensis. 

. Podochela latimanus. 

. Inachoides microrhynchus, laevis. 

. Eucinetops blakiana and panamensis, and Anasimus fugax 
. Oregonia gracilis. 

. Oregonia gracilis. 

. Oregonia bifurca. 

. Oregonia bifurca. 

. Oregonia bifurca. 

. Collodes robustus. 

. Eurypodius latreillii. 

. Eurypodius latreillii. 

. Arachnopsis filipes and Aepinus septemspinosus. 
. Euprognatha rastellifera and rastellifera marthae. 
. Euprognatha rastellifera acuta, gracilipes, and bifida. 
. Eurypodius longirostris, Huprognatha rastellifera, and granulata. 
. Collodes granosus, obesus, trispinosus, and rostratus. 
. Collodes tenuirostris. 

. Collodes levis, inermis, and leptocheles. 

. Batrachonotus fragosus and nicholst. 

. Collodes tumidus and Pyromaia tuberculata. 

. Pyromaia cuspidata. 

. Pyromaia arachna. 

. Pyromaia arachna. 

. Acanthonyx petiverii. 

. Epialtus kingsleyi, dilatatus, and bituberculatus. 
. Epialtus hiltoni and sulcirostris. 

. Epialtus minimus and sulcirostris. 


100. 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 


. Epialtus dilatatus forma elongata. 
. Menaethiops portoricensis, Mocosoa crebripunctata, and Eupleurodon peru- 


vianus. 


. Taliepus nuttallit. 

. Taliepus nuttallit. 

. Taliepus marginatus. 

. Taliepus marginatus. 

. Taliepus dentatus. 

. Taliepus dentatus. 

. Pugettia producta. 

. Pugettia producta. 

. Pugettia gracilis. 

. Pugettia dalli and venetiae. 
. Mimulus foliatus. 

. Leucippa pentagona. 

. Sphenocarcinus corrosus. 
. Sphenocarcinus agassizt. 

. Loxorhynchus grandis. 

. Loxorhynchus grandis. 

. Loxorhynchus crispatus. 

. Loxorhynchus crispatus. 

. Rochinia crassa. 

. Rochinia crassa. 

. Rochinia hystrix. 

. Rochinia hystriz. 

. Rochinia umbonata. 

. Rochinia umbonata, Lissa brasiliensis, and bicarinato. 
. Libidoclaea smithit. 

. Libidoclaea smithit. 

. Libidoclaea granaria. 

. Libidoclaea granaria. 

. Libidoclaea granaria. 

. Scyra acutifrons. 

. Trachymaia cornuta. 

. Notolopas lamellatus. 

. Leurocyclus gracilipes. 

. Leurocyclus gracilipes. 

. Chionoecetes opilio. 

. Chionoecetes opilio. 

. Chionoecetes bairdi. 

. Chionoecetes bairdi. 

. Chionoecetes tannert. 

. Chionoecetes tannert. 

. Chionoecetes angulatus. 

. Chionoecetes angulatus. 

. Hyas araneus. 

. Hyas araneus. 

. Hyas coarctatus. 

. Hyas coarctatus. 

. Hyas coarctatus alutaceus. 
. Hyas coarcatus alutaceus. 
. Pelia pacifica and mutica. 
. Pelia pacifica and tumida. 


Pelia rotunda. 


101. 
102. 
103. 
104. 
105. 
106. 
107. 
108. 
109. 
110. 
111. 
112. 
113. 
114. 
115. 
116. 
aY7. 
118. 
119. 
120. 
121. 
122. 
123. 
124. 
125. 
126. 
127. 
128. 
129. 
130. 
131. 
132. 
133. 
134. 
135. 
136. 
137. 
138. 
139. 
140. 
141. 
142. 
143. 
144. 
145. 
146. 
147. 
148. 
149. 
150. 
151. 
152. 
153. 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS XVII 


Micropisa violacea. 

Nibilia antilocapra. 

Nibilia antilocapra. 

Herbstia depressa and pyriformis. 
Herbstia camptacantha, edwardsii, and tumida. 
Herbstia parvifrons. 

Chorinus heros. 

Holoplites armata. 

Libinia erinacea. 

Libinia emarginata. 

Libinia emarginata. 

Libinia emarginata, variety. 

Libinia emarginata, variety. 

Libinia dubia. 

Libinia dubia. 

Libinia rhomboidea. 

Libinia rhomboidea. 

Libinia ferreirae. 

Libinia ferreirae. 

Libinia spinosa. 

Libinia spinosa. 

Libinia dubia (holotype of subspinosa) and rostrata. 
Paramithrax backstrémi. 

Hemus cristulipes and analogus, and Thoe aspera. 
Thoe puella, sulcata, and panamensis. 
Picroceroides tubularis. 

Pitho aculeata. 

Pitho lherminieri and mirabilis. 

Pitho lherminiert and mirabilis. 

Pitho sexdentata and picteti. 

Pitho anisodon. 

Pitho dispar, quadridentata, and laevigata. 
Pitho dispar, quadridentata, and laevigata. 
Lepiopisa setirostris and Anaptychus cornutus. 
Mithrax spinosissimus. 

Mithraz acuticornis and spinipes. 
Mithrax bahamensis and cornutus. 
Mithrax holderi and pilosus. 

Mithrax hemphilli. 

Mithrax orcutti. 

Mithrax orcutti. 

Mithraz bellii. 

Mithrazx bellii. 

Mithrax verrucosus. 

Mithrax hispidus. 

Mithrax hispidus. 

Mithraz braziliensis, tortugae, and hispidus. 
Mithrax caribbaeus. 

Mithrax caribbaeus. 

Mithrax pleuracanthus. 

Mithrax tuberculatus and sinensis. 
Mithrax (Mithraculus) sculptus. 

Mithrax (Mithraculus) coryphe. 


XVIII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 


154. 
155. 
156. 
157. 
158. 
159. 
160. 
161. 
162. 
163. 
164. 
165. 
166. 
167. 
168. 
169. 
170. 
Lael: 
172. 
173. 
174. 
175. 
176. 
Vite 
178. 
179. 
180. 
181. 
182. 
183. 
184. 
185. 
186. 
187. 
188. 
189. 
190. 
toa: 
192. 
193. 
194. 
195. 
196. 
197. 
198. 
199. 
200. 
201. 
202. 
203. 
204. 
205. 
206. 
207. 


Mithrax (Mithraculus) areolatus, and denticulatus. 
Mithrax (Mithraculus) nodosus. 

Mithrax (Mithraculus) forceps. 

Mithraz (Mithraculus) ruber. 

Mithraz (Mithraculus) cinctimanus. 

Teleophrys cristulipes, ornatus, pococki, and tumidus. 
Stenocionops furcata. 

Stenocionops furcata. 

Stenocionops contigua. 

Stenocionops contigua. 

Stenocionops furcata coelata. 

Stenocionops triangulata and spinosissima. 
Macrocoeloma trispinosum and trispinosum nodipes. 
Macrocoeloma trispinosum. 

Macrocoeloma trispinosum, variety, and trispinosum nodipes. 
Macrocoeloma diplacanthum and laevigatum. 
Macrocoeloma eutheca, intermedium, and concavum. 
Macrocoeloma eutheca, intermedium, and concavum. 
Macrocoeloma subparallelum. 

Macrocoeloma heptacanthum and septemspinosum. 
Microphrys interruptus and Macrocoeloma camptocerum. 
Microphrys bicornutus. 

Microphrys platysoma, antillensis, and branchialis. 
Microphrys triangulatus. 

Parthenope agonus. 

Parthenope agonus. 

Parthenope (Platylambrus) serrata. 

Parthenope (Platylambrus) serrata. 

Parthenope (Platylambrus) pourtalesii. 

Parthenope (Platylambrus) pourtalesii. 

Parthenope (Platylambrus) exilipes. 

Parthenope (Platylambrus) exilipes. 

Parthenope (Platylambrus) fraterculus. 

Parthenope (Platylambrus) fraterculus. 

Parthenope (Platylambrus) depressiuscula. 
Parthenope (Pseudolambrus) excavata. 

Parthenope (Platylambrus) guerini and fraterculus. 
Parthenope (Platylambrus) guerini. 

Solenolambrus typicus. 

Solenolambrus typicus. 

Solenolambrus decemspinosus, tenellus, and portoricensis. 
Aethra scruposa scutata. 

Thyrolambrus astroides. 

Thyrolambrus erosus. 

Leiolambrus punctatissimus. 

Leiolambrus nitidus. 

Mesorhoea sexspinosa. 

Mesorhoea bellit. 

Cryptopodia hassleri and concava, and Halicarcinus planatus. 
Heterocrypta granulata and macrobrachia. 
Heterocrypta occidentalis. 

Heterocrypta occidentalis. 

Anomalothir furcillatus. 

Anomalothir frontalis. 


208. 
209. 
210. 
211. 
212. 
213. 
214. 
215. 
216. 
217. 
218. 
219. 
220. 
221. 
222. 
223. 
224. 
225. 
226. 
227. 
228. 
229. 
230. 
231. 
232. 
233. 
234. 
235. 
236. 
237. 
238. 
239. 
240. 
241. 
242. 
243. 
. 244. 

245. 
246. 
247. 
248. 
249. 
250. 
251. 
252. 
253. 
254. 
255. 
256. 
257. 
258. 
259. 
260. 
261. 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 


Podochela grossipes and riiset. 

Podochela margaritaria and hemphillii. 

Podochela curvirostris. 

Anasimus fugaz. 

Erileptus spinosus. 

Erileptus spinosus. 

Anasimus latus. 

Eurypodius latreillii. 

Euprognatha rastellifera marthae. 

Collodes granosus, obesus, and armatus. 

Pyromaia tuberculata and Collodes tumidus. 
Aepinus septemspinosus, Arachnopsis filipes, and Eucinetops rubellula. 
Epialtus brasiliensis and Taliepus marginatus. 
Taliepus marginatus. 

Acanthonyx petiverii, Leucippa pentagona, and Esopus crassus. 
Sphenocarcinus agassizi and corrosus. 

Chorilia longipes and Scyra acutifrons. 

Chorilia longipes turgida. 

Rochinia crassa. 

Rochinia tanneri and cornuta. 

Rochinia occidentalis. 

Rochinia gracilipes and occidentalis. 

Rochinia vesicularis. 

Libidoclaea granaria and smithit. 

Oplopisa spinipes, Trachymaia cornuta, and Leurocycius tuberculosus. 
Leurocyclus tuberculosus. 

Chionoecetes tanner. 

Hyas lyratus. 

Pisoides edwardsii. 

Notolopas brasiliensis. 

Notolopas lamellatus and brasiliensis. 

Nibilia antilocapra. 

Herbstia edwardsii, pyriformis, and camptacantha. 
Pelia pulchella and Micropisa violacea. 

Libinia rostrata. 

Libinia setosa. 

Libinia mexicana and Lepteces ornatus. 

Libinia rhomboidea and ferreirae, and Holoplites armata. 
Lissa tuberosa and aurivilliusi and Chorinus heros. 
Maiopsis panamensis. 

Thersandrus compressus and Hemus cristulipes. 
Thoe erosa, Temnonotus granulosus, and simplex. 
Pitho quinquedentata, sexdentata, quadridentata, and laevigata. 
Pitho aculeata and anisodon. 

Pitho picteti and lherminieri. 

Pitho mirabilis and Leptopisa setirostris. 
Anaptychus cornutus and Picroceroides tubularis. 
Mithraz rostratus. 

Mithrax cornutus. 

Mithrazx acuticornis and holdert. 

Mithrax pilosus. 

Mithrax bahamensis and hemphiili. 

Mithrax sinensis. 

Mithrax laevimanus. 


xx 


262. 


263. 
264. 
265. 
266. 
267. 
268. 
269. 
270. 
271. 
272. 
273. 
274. 
275. 
276. 
277. 
278. 
279. 
280. 
281. 
282. 
283. 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 


Mithrax pygmaeus, spinipes, and armatus, and Teleophrys cristulipes and 
ornaius. 

Coelocerus spinosus. 

Coelocerus spinosus, Stenocionops spinosissima, and ovata. 

Stenocionops spinosissima. 

Stenocionops triangulata and contigua. 

Stenocionops spinimana. 

Stenocionops macdonaldi. 

Macrocoeloma diplacanthum, villosum, and heptacanthum. 

Microphrys branchialis and Macrocoeloma camptocerum. 

Microphrys aculeatus and weddelli. 

Tyche emarginata. 

Tyche lamellifrons and emarginata. 

Dasygyius gibbosus and depressus. 

Parthenope agonus, hyponca, and (Platylambrus) serrata. 

Parthenope (Platylambrus) pourtalesii. 

Parthenope (Platylambrus) exilipes and Tutankhamen cristatipes. 

Parthenope (Pseudolambrus) triangula and (Platylambrus) guerini. 

Solenolambrus typicus and tenellus. 

Mesorhoea bellit and Thyrolambrus astroides. 

Leiolambrus nitidus and Thyrolambrus erosus. 

Heterocrypta granulata and macrobrachia, and Cryptopodia concava. 

Halicarcinus planatus. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 





By Mary J. RatHBpun 


Associate in Zoology, United States National Museum 


INTRODUCTION 


This volume is the second of the handbooks projected for the 
study of American crabs, the first volume of which, ‘‘The Grapsoid 
Crabs of America,’ forms Bulletin 97 of the United States National 
Museum. The introductory remarks in that bulletin under the 
headings “<Sources of material,” ‘‘Special researches,” ‘‘Acknowl- 
edgments,”’ and ‘‘Glossary of terms used”’ apply also to this bulle- 
tin. The author has been able to examine much rare and type 
material at the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy and the Philadel- 
phia Academy of Natural Sciences, and a number of photographs of 
the same have been contributed by those museums through the 
courtesy of Mr. Samuel Henshaw and Dr. H. A. Pusbry; while Dr. 
W. T. Calman of the British Museum has furnished a photograph 
of the type-specimen of Lambrus crenatus White, which is here repro- 
duced. I am constrained to acknowledge also my indebtedness to 
my various colleagues in the United States National Museum who 
have assisted in getting this volume into shape for publication. 


EXPLANATION OF MEASUREMENTS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED 


Explanation of measurements 


The length of the carapace, unless otherwise stated, is measured 
on the median line, from the anterior to the posterior margin. 

The width of the carapace is measured at the widest part. 

The fronto-orbital width or exorbital width is measured from the 
outer angle of one orbit to the outer angle of the other. 

The length of the rostrum in the Majidae is usually measured to 
the angle which it forms with the orbit; in the Parthenopidae and 
Hymenosomidae it is measured from the tip to the posterior line of 
the upper margins of the orbits. 

The width of the rostrum is measured at its posterior end. 

The length of the segments of the chelipeds and legs is measured on 
the upper or anterior margin. The length of the whole cheliped or 
leg is measured on the lower margin, from the articulation of the 


coxa with the sternum to the tip of the dactylus. 
1 


Y > la are a ; 
<i Heatsauyy yr 
(7 Se > A 












ac 9079 
[Piysuesgelay \letyau ea eys 2. 
PY 7 .----~ eG) eC Ne ibeorca === oft 
fof ine / \ we 3 
FP fx “\. BY svipavs 7 ‘OY d 
fi} ax, u ip 2) ' pt “AM 
C Ny ® ie 7 "Ot 
S a o » oe Ss 
BuydUreigosy hte es RiusuRacosay 
(etypuraqosa, Ripe JPIYouRsdosapy 
>~~ Ly et i Okay — 
e TS ee Near Ze \= @ 
/ aeeeSooee Mes a s 
2 yi feu oP ee ee e 
Py Jeupuragidy & (etysurigidy\ 
— > a } tO: “I ‘ 
3 re! eh ‘ ' ' 
a % OP ONE 9 Bi 
<x ~ er, oN ! 
ey } a 
A) L vie ) ‘ 
sue (RpG404804 es oN i 
vA 3 


auds IPR4g4oa4y _»f 47 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Jee 


snpodoiy 
stu(ey pue 4abuy aiqeacuus a0 pou, 

3 eo 
Sq ; 

ff 24 > 


» SHOWING THE TERMS USED IN DESCRIPTION. 


CHMITT. 


Br W.L.S 


Fia. 1.—DIAGRAMMATIC DORSAL VIEW OF A SPIDER CRAB 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 















and 


Antennule 
Opening of “green? or excretory 
Coxa Bg Mchi 
WORE FA ai Techium 
aay? 


Orbit 






I—- Antenna 


lm 
p) 


Fic. 2,DIAGRAMMATIC VENTRAL VIEW OF A SPIDER CRAB, SHOWING THE TERMS USED IN DESCRIPTION, 
By W. L. ScHMITT. 


4 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


The width of the segments of the chelipeds and legs is measured 
at the widest part. 3 

The length of the immovable finger is measured from the tip to 
the extremity of the sinus between the fingers. 


Character of bottom 


Under ‘Material examined,” the abbreviations indicating the 
character of the bottom are those employed by the Bureau of 
Fisheries. Nouns begin with a capital, adjectives with a small letter. 





bkets 225 black Prsy oon erassy Sa. bis sand 
breek arene brown fy = eed gray setra A scattered 
brke of =e broken brags 54 hard sift. 28 2 soft 

bust z-ss 2 blue Ieee 2 ae large Parr eey FS shells 
Co: use coral Teste. pa 2/8 light shy 422 Vo shelly 
Crees eae coarse Mey St 38 mud sm See = small 
kee eee dark QOz224--= 400ze Spee skh specks 
aah 2 eet fine Bee Tee pebbles ss $a ES stones 
Bows. ee foraminifera | Ptr_-_____- pteropod stky 2... sticky 
Gee e pe gravel Bt er st rock vol_— __ __ 4voleanit 
Globes aor globigerina rdw. 5 te red Vetere ee seaweed 
7 ee green RE wee _ -Treef We 3 a white 
(ors. Nias Se grass rey 5s a rocky sy gd Be 1 yellow 





Additional abbreviations and notes 


In the synonymy an attempt has been made to give all the different 
names or combinations which have been used, but not all the references 
to a species. 

In the lists under ‘‘ Material examined” a number in parenthesis 
following an indication of a specimen or specimens denotes a cata- 
logue number of the United States National Museum unless otherwise 
indicated. The following abbreviations are used: 

Amer. Mus.=American Museum of Natural History, New York. 

B. S. N. H.=Boston Society of Natural History. 

Cal. Acad.= Museum of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 

M. C. Z.= Museum of Comparative Zoélogy, at Harvard University. 

Mus. S. U. I.=Museum of the State University of Iowa. 

Phila. Acad.= Museum of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. 

Y. U. M.=Yale University Museum. 

y=young. 

The words “U. S. Fisheries” should be understood before 
“Str. Albatross,” “Str. Fish Hawk,” or “Sch. Grampus.” 

In the same lists have been entered, besides specimens in the 
National Museum, many types examined elsewhere, as well as such 
specimens from other collections as increased our knowledge of the 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 5 


range of the species, but for lack of space no attempt has been made 
to record all of the many specimens examined in museum and private 
collections. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OR OXYRHYNCHA OF AMERICA 


The term Oxyrhyncha owes its origin to Latreille,t who used it, 
with a different spelling, in 1803 for one of two divisions of the 
section. “ Brachyuri” or short-tailed crabs as opposed to the “Ma- 
crouri” which included the long-tailed crabs as well as the shrimps. 
Latreille’s ‘‘Oxyrinchi” included not only the so-called spider-crabs 
of to-day, but the Oxystomes and the Euryalidae or Corystidae. 
In 1834, Milne Edwards restricted the term Oxyrhinques ? to spider 
crabs of the families known herein as Majidae and Parthenopidae. 
Dana in 1852 used the expression “ Maioidea or Oxyrhyncha.” 
Miers later* adopts the name Oxyrhyncha with the same limits, 
while Borradaile, 1907,5 adds the family Hymenosomidae to the 
Oxyrhyncha. It is in the latter sense that the superfamily is used 
in the following pages. 

By far the greater part of the spider crabs belong to the family 
Majidae (=Inachidae). The members of this family have usually 
long, slender legs, which suggest the name “spider crab”’; the chelipeds 
also are elongate, but are in most cases heavier than the ambu- 
latory legs. The shape of the body is very diverse, varying from 
extremely long and narrow with a filiform beak, to broadly oblong 
or rotund with a short, and either bifid or entire rostrum. All 
are marine animals and occur in shallow water as well as in con- 
siderable depths, exceeding 1,600 fathoms, and on all sorts of bottom, 
from soft mud to coral rock. 

Spider crabs are notable for their habit of decorating or masking 
themselves by placing bits of foreign substances on their backs and 
appendages. The crab picks up, one by one, fragments of seaweed, 
hydroids, aleyonarians, sponges, or other suitable objects, by means 
of its claws, using one or the other as needed. He then thrusts each 
piece into his mouth seemingly to soften the end, then places it on 
his shell where it is held in place by the hooked hairs which are always 
present to some extent on these crabs, forming a regular pattern of 
bands and patches especially on the anterior and lateral portions of 
the carapace. The artificial covering thus produced serves as a 





1 Oxyrinchi (Oxyrinques) Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 6, an XI (1803), p. 85. 

? Oxyrhinques Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, pp. 263 and 266. Cancériens Cryptopodes 
(formed for the genus Oethra) Milne Edwards, same reference, p. 368. 

4 Maioidea Dana, Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 1, 1852, p. 66. Maioidea, or Oxyrhyncha, Dana, 
same reference, p. 75. 

4 On the Classification of the Maioid Crustacea or Oxyrhyncha, with a Synopsis of the Families, Sub- 
families, and Genera. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., vol. 14, 1879, pp. 634-673, pls. 12 and 13. 

‘On the Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, 1907, p. 480. 


6 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


disguise, the crab having the same appearance as its environment.® 
Among the genera most commonly decorated are Libinia, the shore 
crab of the eastern coast of the United States, the various species of 
Hyas, and Oregonia. The members of the Acanthonychinae are less 
likely to be obscured than those of the other subfamilies, on account 
of their smoother carapaces. 

The Parthenopidae are relatively few in number of specimens as 
well as species. Their appearance is so different from that, of the 
Majidae that they can be distinguished at a glance. They are usually 
small; the largest ones in American waters do not exceed 4 cm. in 
carapace-width, with the exception of Aethra which attains a width 
of 9cm. The carapace is in general broad-triangular or pentagonal 
with angled corners and facets. The smoother sorts resemble small 
chips of stone while the tubercled and eroded species simulate rock 
surfaces. Hooked hairs are nearly always absent. The ambulatory 
legs are usually small and delicate, the chelipeds immensely long and 
heavy in American species, the elongate hand terminated by short 
fingers. The Parthenopidae differ from the Majidae also in having 
small, complete orbits and an insignificant basal antenna-segment 
which is not soldered to the epistome or front. They incline toward 
the Brachyrhyncha.? 

The Hymenosomidae form a small family, the species inhabiting 
chiefly the southern hemisphere, India, or Japan. They are small 
marine or estuarine crabs, with a thin, flat, triangular or subcircular 
carapace. Only one species is American, distributed in southern 
Chile, Patagonia, and various subantarctic islands eastward to New 
Zealand. This family is by many authors associated with the 
Grapsoid crabs,’ but is included here chiefly on account of the form 
of the outer antennae, the longitudinal position of the antennules, the 
presence of a rostrum, and the absence of orbits.® 





6 For details of methods and motives, the following works should be consulted: 


Aurivillius, Carl W. S.: Die*Maskirung der Oxyrrhynchen Dekapoden. K. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. 
Handl., vol. 23, Stockholm, 1889, 71 pp., 5 pls. 

Pascoe, Francis P.: Foreign Substances attached to Crabs. Nature, Dec. 26, 1889, p. 176. 

Garstang, Walter: Foreign Substances attached to Crabs. Nature, Mar. 27, 1890, p. 490. 

Bateson, W.: Notes on the Senses and Habits of some Crustacea. Journ. Marine Biol. Assoc. United 
Kingdom, n.s., vol. 1, No. 3, Apr. 1890, pp. 213-214. 

Stebbing, Thomas R. R.: A History of Crustacea. The International Scientific Series. New York, 
18938. Pp. 112-116. 

Sayce, O. A.: Some peculiar Habits of Crabs. Victorian Naturalist, vol. 17, Melbourne, 1900, pp. 74-75. 

Minkiewicz, Romuald: The Instinct of Self-Concealment and the Choice of Colors in the Crustacea. 
Rev. gén. Sci., Paris, 20th year, No. 3, Feb. 15, 1909; Transl. in Smithson. Rept. for 1909 (1910), pp. 465-485. 

Pearse, A. S.: The Influence of Different Color Environments on the Behavior of Certain Arthropods. 
Journ. Anim. Behavior, vol. 1, No. 2, 1911, pp. 79-110. With bibliography. 

Milligan, H. N.: The Habits of the Four-horned Spider Crab. Zoologist, ser. 4, vol. 19, 1915, pp. 248- 
252. 

Nininger, H. H.: Crabs taken at Laguna Beach in the summer of 1916. Pomona College Journ. Entom. 
and Zool., vol. 10, No. 2, June, 1918, pp. 36-42. 

7 See Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 7, Syst., 1893, p. 412. 

*See Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 69, 1900, pp. 280, 282, 285, 291, and 385. 

*See Ortmann, Bronn’s Thier Reich, vol. 5, pt. 2, Arthropoda, 1898, p. 1168. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 7 


ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT 
Family MAJIDAE 


Subfamily INACHINAE 


Atlantic 
Stenorynchus seticornis. 
Podochela riiset. 
Podochela gracilipes. 
Eucinetops blakiana. 
rastellifera. 
rastellifera marthae. 
Collodes trispinosus. 
Collodes rostratus. 
Collodes inermis. 
Batrachonotus fragosus. 


Euprognatha\ 


Pacific 
Stenorynchus debilis. 
Podochela vestita. 
Podochela hemphillit. 
Eucinetops panamensis. 


Euprognatha bifida. 


Collodes granosus. 
Collodes tenuirostris. 
Collodes tumidus. 
Batrachonotus nicholst. 


Subfamily ACANTHONYCHINAE 


Sphenocarcinus corrosus. 


| Sphenocarcinus agassizt. 


Subfamily PISINAE 


Pelia mutica. 
Herbstia depressa. 
Lissa bicarinata. 
Lissa brasiliensis. 


Pelia tumida. 
Herbstia tumida. 
Lissa aurivilliust. 
Lissa tuberosa. 


Subfamily MAJINAE 


Hemus cristulipes. 

Thoe puella. 

Pitho aculeata. 

Pitho lherminieri. 

Pitho mirabilis. 

Mithrazx spinosissimus. 
Mithrazx acuticornis. 
Mithrax hemphilli. 

Mithrax verrucosus. 

Mithrazx coryphe. 

Mithrax ruber. 

Teleophrys pococki. 
Stenocionops furcata. 
Stenocionops spinimanus. 
Macrocoeloma septemspinosum. 
Macrocoeloma subparallelum. 
Microphrys antillensis. 
Microphrys interruptus. 
Tyche emarginata. 


Hemus analogus. 

Thoe sulcata. 

Pitho pictett. 

Pitho quinquedentata. 
Pitho sexdentata. 
Mithraz rostratus. 
Mithrax spinipes. 
Mithraz orcuttv. 

Mithraz belliz. 

Mithrax denticulatus. 
Mithraz areolatus. 
Teleophrys cristulipes. 
Stenocionops contigua. 
Stenocionops macdonaldi. 
Macrocoeloma heptacanthum 
Macrocoeloma villosum. 
Microphrys platysoma. 
Microphrys branchialis. 
Tyche lamellifrons. 


8 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Family PARTHENOPIDAE 


Parthenope (Platylambrus) pourtalesii. | Parthenope (Platylambrus) exilipes. 


Parthenope (Platylambrus) guerini. Parthenope (Platylambrus) depressius- 
cula. 
Thyrolambrus astroides. Thyrolambrus erosus. 
Solenolambrus typicus. Solenolambrus arcuatus. 
Leiolambrus nitidus. Leiolambrus punctatissimus. 
Mesorhoea sexspinosa. Mesorhoea bellii. 
Cryptopodia concava. Cry ptopodia hassleri. 
Heterocrypta lapidea. Heterocrypta macrobrachia. 
SPECIES ON BOTH SIDES OF THE CONTINENT 7 


Family MAJIDAE 


Subfamily INACHINAE 


Inachoides laevis. 
Eurypodius latreillii. 


Subfamily ACANTHONYCHINAB 


Acanthonyz petiverii. 

Epialtus bituberculatus (fide Milne Edwards). 
Taliepus marginatus (fide Bell). 

Leucippa pentagona. 


Subfamily PIsINAE 


Libidoclaea granaria. 

Leurocyclus tuberculosus. 

Chionoecetes opilio. 

?Hyas araneus (noted in the Pacifie by Birula only). 
Hyas coarctatus alutaceus. 

Notolopas lamellatus. 

Libinia emarginata. 

Libinia spinosa. 

Libinia rostrata. 


Subfamily MAJINAE 
Microphrys weddelli. 


Family HYMENOSOMIDAE 


Halicarcinus planatus. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 9 


SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION 


Order DECAPODA 
Suborder REPTANTIA 


TRIBE BRACHYURA 


SUBTRIBE BRACHYGNATHA 


Superfamily OX YRHYNCHA 


KEY TO THE SUBTRIBES OF THE TRIBE BRACHYURA 19 


A!. Mouth field (endostome) prolonged forward to form a gutter. Last pair of 
legs normal or abnormal. Female openings generally sternal. First 
abdominal limbs of female wanting. Gills few____Subtribe Oxystomata. 

A?. Mouth field roughly square. 

B!. Last pair of legs abnormal, dorsal. Female openings coxal. First abdom- 
inallimbsoffemalepresent. Gills usually many____Subtribe Dromiacea, 
B?. Last pair of legs normal, rarely reduced, not dorsal, except in Cymopolia 
and Retropluma. Female openings sternal. First abdominal limbs of 
female wanting. Gills few__..____--- Subtribe BRACHYGNATHA, p. 9. 


KEY TO THE SUPERFAMILIES OF THE SUBTRIBE BRACHYGNATHA, 


A!, Fore part of body narrow, usually forming a distinct rostrum. Body more or 
less triangular. Orbits generally incomplete. 
Superfamily OXYRHYNCHA, p. 10. 
A?. Fore part of body broad. Rostrum usually reduced or wanting. Body 
oval, round, or square. Orbits nearly always well enclosed. 
Superfamily Brachyrhyncha. 


KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF THE SUPERFAMILY OXYRHYNCHA 


A!, Carapace not thin and flat. Chelipeds either mobile or powerful, with bent 
fingers. Male opening coxal. 

B!. Chelipeds especially mobile, rarely much greater than the other legs, or 
with fingers bent at an angle with thehand. Second article of antenna 
well developed, generally fused with epistome and often with front. 
Orbits generally more or less incomplete. Hooked hairs almost always 
CSE bis 5 ok a ree eee ee epee Re Family MAJIDAE, p. 10. 

B*. Chelipeds not specially mobile, usually much longer and heavier than the 
other legs, and with fingers bent on the hand at an angle toward the side 
on which the fixed finger is set. Second article of antennae small, 
short, and not fused with epistome orfront. Orbits wellmade. Hooked 
hairs almost always wanting______- Family PARTHENOPIDAE, p. 510. 

A?. Carapace thin and flat. Chelipeds not long or specially mobile or with 
fingers bent at an angle with the hand. Male opening sternal. [No 
orbits. Second article of antennal stalk slender, fused with epistome but 
not with front. No hooked hairs]____Family HYMENOSOMIDAE, p. 561. 





10 The keys to the subfamilies and higher groups are taken mostly from Borradaile’s work above cited, 
Those names in the right-hand margin which are printed in capitals indicate the subfamilies and higher 
divisions treated of in this volume. 


10 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY MAJIDAE 


A!. Basal article of antennae extremely slender and usually long. Eyes without 
orbits. Eyestalks generally long, either non-retractile, or retractile against 
the sides of the carapace, or against an acute postocular spine that affords 
no\concealment 22 3 Ses 5S. 5 oe ee Subfamily INACHINAE, p.11. 

A?,. Basal article of antennae not extremely slender. Eyes either with orbits, or if 
without true orbits, the eyestalks are more or less concealed by a preocular 
or postocular process, or are short and sunk in the sides of the rostrum. 

B!. Basal article of antennae of moderate width, often broader at base than at 

extremity. Orbits incomplete, never entirely concealing the cornea. 
C!. Eyes without true orbits. Eyestalks little movable, short, and either 
concealed by a supraocular spine, or sunk in the sides of the rostrum. 

Basal article of antennae truncate-triangular. 
Subfamily ACANTHONYCHINAE, p. 140. 
C?. Eyes with orbits, having a large, cupped postocular process into which 
the eye is retractile. Basal article of antennae usually not truncate- 
(brtiaun praises septs as ee 0 fae Subfamily PISINAE, p. 193. 
B*. Basal article of antennae very broad. Orbits either complete or incom- 
plete, but always complete enough to conceal the retracted cornea from 
dorsal view. Eyestalks usually long______- Subfamily MAJINAE, p. 335 
KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY PARTHENOPIDAE 

A’. Carapace usually triangular, sometimes suboval or subpentagonal. Rostrum 
simple. Chelipeds much larger than other legs. Branchial regions 
deeply separated from cardiac-___- Subfamily PARTHENOPINAE, p. 510. 

A?. Carapace usually sharply pentagonal. Rostrum cleft in two. Chelipeds 
of moderate size. Branchial regions not deeply separated from cardiac. 

Subfamily Eumedoninae. 


Superfamily OX YRHYNCHA"® 


Carapace more or less narrowed in front, and usually produced to 
form a rostrum; branchial regions considerably developed, hepatic 
regions small. Epistome usually large; buccal cavity quadrate, with 
the anterior margin usually straight. Branchiae almost always nine 
in number on either side; their efferent channels open at the sides of 
the endostome or palate. Antennules longitudinally folded. 


Family MAJIDAE (—INACHIDAE”) 


Macropodiens and Maiens MitNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 
1834, p. 272. 

Maiinea and Oncininea Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., 1852, 
pp. 76 and 77. 

Maiinea Mixers, Journ. Linn. Soe., London, Zool., vol. 14, 1879, p. 640. 

Maiidae Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, p. 160.—Bor- 
RADAILE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, 1907, p. 480. 

Inachidae RatHBwn, Occas. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, 1905, p. 11. 


Chelipeds especially mobile, rarely much greater than the other 
legs, or with fingers bent at an angle on the hand. Second article 





11 See Rathbun, Bull. No. 97, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1918, p. 14. 

12 Maja having been restored to validity in accordance with Opinion 10, International Commission on 
Zoological Nomenclature, Publ. 1938, Smithsonian Institution, July, 1910, p. 15, it seems best to use also the 
family name Majidae in place of Inachidae. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 11 


of the antenna well developed, generally fused with epistome and often 
with front. Orbits generally more or less incomplete. Hooked 
hairs almost always present. Male openings coxal. The palp of the 
external maxillipeds is articulated either at the summit or at the 
antero-internal angle of the merus. 


Subfamily INACHINAE 


Inachinae Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, pp. 160, 162, 
and 168. 
Inachidae Stessine, Ann. Durban Mus., vol. 1, pt. 5, 1917, p. 435. 


Eyes without orbits; the eyestalks, which are generally long, are 
either non-retractile, or are retractile against the sides of the carapace, 
or against an acute postocular spine that affords no concealment. 
The basal article of the antennae is extremely slender throughout its 
extent and is usually long. (Alcock.) 


KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY INACHINAE 


Al. External maxillipeds somewhat pediform, with the palp large and coarse, 
merus often narrower than ischium. Basal article of antennae usually 
subcylindrical or convex on the ventral surface. Carapace usually 
elongate, narrowed in front. 

B'. Basal antennal article not longitudinally suleate. Rostrum long, ap- 
proaching or exceeding in length the postrostral portion of the carapace. 

C!. Rostrum a slender spine. Merus of outer maxillipeds with an antero- 
internal notch. 

D!. Rostrum armed with numerous spines on the lateral margins. Ambu- 
latory legs armed with numerous spines. Carapace smooth. 

Stenorynchus, p. 13. 

D?. Rostrum armed with a few spines irregularly placed. Ambulatory 

legs with few spines, including a very long spine at end of merus. 

Carana cami. 52. 3-32 = ES BOT Metoporhaphis, p. 19. 

C?, Rostrum more or less deeply divided into two long slender horns. Merus 
of outer maxillipeds lacking an antero-internal notch. Ambulatory 
legs of last two pairs prehensile_____________-- Anomalothir, p. 23. 

B?. Basal antennal article longitudinally sulcate. Rostrum short. 

C!. Merus of outer maxillipeds narrow, suboval, the palp articulating at 
the summit. Carapace ovate, not much longer than broad, spinous, 
Rostrum bispinous or bidentate________._______-- Achaeopsis, p. 27. 

C?. Merus of outer maxillipeds subtriangular, notched anteriorly. Carapace 
elongate, subtriangular, not spinous. Rostrum variable, usually a 
simple lobe or spine. Ambulatory legs more or less prehensile. 

Podochela, p. 31. 

A?, External maxillipeds with the merus as broad as the ischium and the palp 
of moderate size. Basal article of antennae flattened or concave ventrally. 
Carapace usually subtriangular. A postocular spine present. 

B!, Eyestalks long and slender, when extended reaching forward beyond 
rostrum. Rostrum bilobed. Basal antennal article little longer than 
SNUG Bet cd sees Pog a tri epee Sep eich no ne oes Eucinetops, p. 84. 

B?. Eyestalks stout or if slender, not reaching forward beyond rostrum. Basal 
antennal article narrower, considerably longer than broad. 


r BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


C!. Postorbital tooth large, close to the orbit and curving about the ex- 
tremity of the eye, so that its outer margin is subparallel to the 
median line. 

D'. Carapace broadly ovate, with very short rostrum. Chelipeds not 
longer than carapace. Second and third pairs of legs longest. 

Dasygyius, p. 137. 

D?. Carapace triangular-ovate, with long, pointed rostrum. Chelipeds 

longer than carapace. Ambulatory legs diminishing successively 

in length from first to fourth pair___.__.-_--_--- Pyromaia, p. 127. 

C?. Postorbital tooth either small, or, if large, not curving around end of eye. 

D'. Rostrum longer than its basal width or, exceptionally, just as long. 

E!. Rostrum divided into two narrow spines. 

F'. Ambulatory legs of moderate length, not prehensile. 

Oregonia, p. 70. 
¥?. Ambulatory legs long, prehensile, the propodites more or less 
dilatediandt compressed! === sa oe es Eurypodius, p. 80. 

E?. Rostrum simple, spiniform, or terminating in a spine. 

F!. Sexes differing markedly in shape of carapace, postorbital spine 
and cheliped. Chelipeds of male extremely long, several 
times as long as postrostral portion of carapace. 

Erileptus, p. 68. 

F?. Sexes differing only in the usual way. Cnelipeds of male not 
noticeably long. 

G!. Legs subprehensile, the propodites more or less enlarged dis- 
tally, the dactyli curved. Carapace sparingly granulate or 
smooth except for a few tubercles_______- Inachoides, p. 59. 

G?. Legs not subprehensile, the last two articles slender. Cara- 
pace very rough between the spines and tubercles. 

Anasimus, p. 64. 
D?. Rostrum shorter, or no longer, than its basal width. 

E!. Eyestalks slender, extending laterally beyond the oblong, post- 
orbital lobes. Ambulatory legs long, filiform. Three erect, 
median, dorsalispines. 4252452222 Arachnopsis, p. 89. 

E?. Eyestalks not slender. 

F!, Seven long, capitate, dorsal spines. Anterior margin of hepatic 
region oblique to median line. Basal antennal article and 
male sternum sharply cristate___.__________- Aepinus, p. 92. 

¥?. Dorsal surface when spinous, not furnished with seven long 
capitate spines. 

G!. Carapace depressed, the branchial regions considerably flat- 
tened posteriorly and laterally, so that their lateral margins 
are visible from above for nearly their whole length. 

H!. First and second ambulatory legs of about equal length and 
longer than third and fourth legs. Postocular process 
usually large. Hepatic region with outer margin con- 
VCS ates NL Tie ie, Air ro Oat Collodes, p. 105. 

H?. First ambulatory leg much longer than the other legs in 
male; legs all short in female. Postocular process typi- 
cally small. Hepatic region with angular outline, its 
anterior margin at right angles to median line and approxi- 
mating the postorbital process____ Batrachonotus, p. 122. 

G*?. Carapace higher and more convex, the branchial regions not 
remarkably flattened, their lateral margins for the most 
part invisible in dorsal view. Ambulatory legs of first 
pair much the longest. Rostrum bilobed. 

Euprognatha, p. 95. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 13 


Genus STENORYNCHUS Lamarck 


Leptopodia Leacu, Zool. Misc., vol. 2, 1815, p. 15; type, L. sagittaria (Leach, 
1814)=S. seticornis (Herbst, 1788). Not Leptopodia Leach, Edin. Encyc., 
vol. 7, 1814, p. 431, which is a synonym of Macropodia Leach, 1814. 

Stenorynchus Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., vol. 5, 1818, p. 236 
(part) ; not Stenorhynchus Latreille, 1825, nor Stenorynchus Milne Edwards, 
1834.—RatuBun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 158; 
type specified, S. seticornis (Herbst, 1788). 

Carapace triangular, longer than broad, smooth. Rostrum very 
slender, flattened, longer than the carapace, its lateral margins spinu- 
liferous. Orbits not defined; postorbital spine small. Eyes short, 
not retractile. Basal article of antenna very slender; flagellum con- 
cealed beneath the rostrum. Epistome very large. Ischium of 
external maxillipeds produced at its antero-internal angle; merus 
somewhat obcordate, bearing the next article at its external angle. 
Abdomen in male six-segmented, in female five-segmented. Cheli- 
peds long and slender, with merus, carpus, and palm subcylindrical ; 
fingers much shorter than palm, inner margins dentate. Ambulatory 
legs extremely long and slender, especially the dactyli. All the legs 
spinuliferous. 

Inhabits both coasts of middle America; also the islands of the east- 
ern Atlantic, and the Atlantic coast of northwest Africa. 

Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: seticornis 
(Atlantic); debilis (Pacific). 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS STENORYNCHUS 


A'. No spine at end of basal article of antenna. Rostrum very long, up to two 


and a half times as long as remainder of carapace__-_-___ seticornis, p. 13. 
A?. A small spine at end of basal article of antenna. Rostrum usually about as 
long as remainder of carapace, in the old longer_____-_-___-_- debilis, p. 18. 


STENORYNCHUS SETICORNIS (Herbst) 
ARROW-CRAB; ARANA DEL MAR 
Plates 2 and 3 


Oost-Indische Zee-Krabbe Suaspper, Natuurkundige Verlustigingen, Haarlem, 
1778, p. 162, pl. 18, fig. 2. 

Arana Parra, Descripcion de diferentes piezas de historia natural, 1787, 
p. 162, pl. 56, fig. 3. 

Cancer seticornis Hersst, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 1, 1788, p. 229, 
pl. 16, fig. 91 (after Slabber) ; vol. 3, part 3, 1803, p. 27, pl. 55, fig. 2 (Guade- 
loupe).—O.tvirr, Encye. Méth., Hist. Nat., Entom., vol. 6, 1791, p. 178. 





13 The crab Cancer seticornis was described by Herbst, 1788, after Slabber, who stated that it came from the 
East Indies. It has, however, never been found in that region. It is obviously congenerie with Steno- 
rynchus sagittarius (Fabricius). There are only two species in this genus of arrow-crabs. The length of 
the chelae in Slabber’s figure prevents its union with S. debilis; therefore, it is here combined with the other 
existing form, sagittarius, which is widely distributed in the Atlantic Ocean. This is in line with the pro- 
cedure of Herbst, who, in 1803, united the West Indian form (he had then a specimen from Guadeloupe) 
with that of Slabber. 


5487—251——3 


14 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Cancer sagittarius Faprictus, Entom. Syst. emend. et auct., vol. 2, 1793, 
p. 442 (part), (type-locality, Guadeloupe; types (probably) in Copen- 
hagen Mus., labeled ‘‘Cancer sagittarius,’ and in Kiel Mus., labeled 
“Tnachus sagittarius’’). 

Inachus sagittarius Fasrictus, Suppl. Ent. Sys., 1798, p. 359. 

Cancer sagittatus Turton, Linn. Syst. Nat., vol. 3, 1800, p. 738. 

Maja sagittaris Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1802, p. 253. 

Maja seticornis Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1802, p. 255, pl. 7, fig. 2 
(after Slabber); Mediterranean. 

Macropus seticornis LATREILLE, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 6, 1803, p. 111, pl. 
49, fig. 3 (after Slabber). 

Macropus sagittarius LATREILLE, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 6, 1803, p. 112. 

Maja sagittaria LATREILLE, Gen. Crust., vol. 1, 1806, p. 38. 

Maia sagittaria Leacu, Edin. Encye., vol. 7, 1814, p. 395. 

Leptopodia sagittaria Leacu, Zool. Mise., vol. 2, 1815, p. 16, pl. 67.— 
Mine Epwarps, Cuvier’s Régne Anim., Disciples’ ed., Crust., pl. 36.— 
Bru.uf&, in Webb and Berthelot’s Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries, vol. 2, Entom., 
1840, p. 15.—A. MitnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 172; Bull. 
Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 8, 1880, p. 6—Kinestry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Philadelphia, 1879 (1880), p. 388; not ZL. debilis—Smitu, Rept. U. S. 
Fish Commr. for 1885 (1886), p. 620.—AvriviLLIus, K. Svenska Vet.- 
Akad. Handl., vol. 23, 1889, p. 32, pl. 4, fig. 6—Osorio, Jorn. Sci. Math., 
Phys. e Nat., ser. 2, vol. 5, 1898, pp. 185, 187 and 192 (IIhadeS. Thomé) .— 
GuUNDLACH and TorRALBAS, An. Acad. Habana, vol. 36, 1899 (1900), 
p. 298; reprint, 1917, p. 9—A. Miutne Epwarps and Bovuvimrr, Expéd. 
Sci. Travailleur et Talisman, Crust. Déc., pt. 1, 1900, p. 153. 

Macropodia sagittaria LATREILLE, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., vol. 18, 1817, p. 
355.—GuNpDLACH and Torraupas, An. Acad. Habana, vol. 36, 1899 
(1900), text-fig. on p. 297; reprint, 1917, pl. 1, fig. 1. 

Maia seticornis LATREILLE, Tableau Encye. Méth., part 24, 1818, pl. 281 
fig. 5 (after Slabber). 

Stenorynchus seticornis LAMARCK, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., vol. 5, 1818, 
p. 237; ed. 2, vol. 5, 1838, p. 424. 

Leptopodia ornata Guitptne, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, 1825(?), 
p. 335 (type-locality, St. Vincent; type not in Brit. Mus.; perhaps not 
extant). 

Stenorhynchus seticornis LAMARCK, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., ed. 3, vol. 
2, 1839, p. 411. 

Leptopodia canariensis Bruuub, in Webb and Berthelot’s Hist. Nat. Iles 
Canaries, vol. 2, Entom., 1840, p. 15 (type-locality, Canary Islands; 
type not in Paris Mus.). 

Leptopodia lanceolata Bruuuf, in Webb and Berthelot’s Hist. Nat. Iles 
Canaries, vol. 2, Entom., 1840, plate ‘“‘Crustacées,” figs. 1-16. 

Leptopodia sagittarius HerKkutots, Symbolae Carcinologicae, Leyde, 1861, 
p. 23 (Sénégal). 

Leptopodia vittata GufRIN, in Kingsley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 
1879 (1880), p. 384, (type-locality, Senegal; type in Mus. Phila. Acad.). 

Leptopodia lineata G6un1, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 52, pt. 1, 1886, p. 37, pl. 3, 
figs. 24-31 (type-localities, Rio de Janeiro and Cape Frio, Brazil). 

Stenorynchus sagittarius Ratapoun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897, p. 4; 
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, 1900, p. 293; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 
vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 ,1901, p. 53 —Hay and SHorg, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, 
vol. 35, 1915-16 (1918), p. 455, pl. 37, fig. 8. 

Stenorhynchus sagittarius VpeRRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., vol. 10, 1900, 
p. 577 (Bermuda); vol. 13, 1908, p. 397. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 15 


Diagnosis.—No spine at extremity of basal antennal article. 
Carapace nearly naked. Rostrum usually much longer than carapace; 
palm much longer than fingers. 

Description.—Carapace naked or nearly so; 
in the old the rostrum, chelipeds and legs are 
pubescent. Rostrum horizontal, tapering 
very gradually to an acuminate tip, length 
varying from about one and a half to two 
and a half times as long as carapace, occa- 
sionally less than one and a half times; lateral 
spinules directed obliquely forward; margins 
also setiferous. A strong spine at middle of 
basal antennal article, directed downward 
and forward; no spine at anterior end. 

Chelipeds and legs finely spinulous and armed =~ 
besides with two rows of spines on the merus, [!6. 3.—SteNoryNcuvs sen- 
E : CORNIS ($467), MAXILLIPED, X 7 
two or three spines on the carpus, besides 
several terminal spines on both articles. In old specimens the 
distal end of palm and basal half of fingers are shaggy-hairy. Palm 
of male cheliped from two and one-half to four times as long as 
fingers. Ambulatory legs of first pair from eight to nine times the 
length of the postrostral portion of carapace. 

Color.—Creamy white or buff, with bands of brown or black 
diverging from the median line to the posterior margin; fingers blue; 
spines of rostrum, legs, and teeth of chelae orange or red. (Hay.) 

“Light buff; chestnut and white lines; legs reddish with bright red 
spots at joints. Claws bright purple.” (Bartsch.) 

“Tight orange vermilion; ends of claws mauve; eyes maroon.” 
(Bartsch.) 

Variation.—Although there is a great range of variation in this 
species, as to length of rostrum, relative length of palm and fingers, 
and length of legs, there is only one specimen (9862) which leans 
toward L. debilis; the rostrum is very little longer than the rest of 
the carapace and inclines slightly upward from base to tip, and the 
palm is one and a half times as long as the dactylus. 

Measurements.—Male (43066), length of carapace with rostrum 
57.3, length of rostrum 41, width of carapace 13, length of palm 36.2, — 
of Saamable finger 11.6 mm. Male (32515), length of carapace w ith 
rostrum, tip ieane 63, length of rostrum 37.3, width of carapace 
22, jeneth of palm 43, of second leg 225 mm. 

Range.—From Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Rio de Janeiro, 
Brazil; Bermudas; Madeira; Canaries; Cape Verde Islands; Senegal; 
St. Thomas Island in Gulf of Guinea, off French Congo. ‘ Mediter- 
ranean”? (Bosc, Latreille, Lamarck) needs confirmation. Depth, 
2 to 814 fathoms, but usually moderate. 

Material examined.—See table, pages 16-18. 


- 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


16 


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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 19 


Rostrum usually about same length as carapace; palm shorter and 
fingers longer than in seticornis; palm usually twice the length of dac- 
tylus. 

Description.—Carapace covered with a short pubescence; chelipeds 

and legs pubescent in small as well as large specimens. Carapace some- 
what wider across branchial regions 
than in seticornis. Rostrum slightly 
ascending, length in small and me- 
dium-sized specimens about equal 
to, or less than, that of the post- 
rostral portion of the carapace, in 
larger specimens attaining to one 
and a half or even twice the length 
of carapace. Asmallspine directed 
forward at ‘anterior end of basal 
article of antenna, at the inner "4 Stowsews pone, wate cio 
angle; this spine is larger and  ANTENNAL ARTICLE AND ITS SMALL TERMINAL 
sharper in males than in females. “"*” 
The fingers and palm never get so shaggy-hairy as in seticornis. Palm 
of male cheliped stouter than in seticornis, usually about twice as long 
as dactylus but varying from one and a half to two and a half times, 
in the largest specimen. The ambulatory legs of the first pair vary 
from six to seven and a half times the carapace length. 

Color.—Bright green; lateral portions of carapace and also the 
feet covered with soft gray down. Fingersreddish: (Milne Edwards 
and Lucas.) 

Measurements.—Male (15544), length of carapace with rostrum 
34.6, length of rostrum 20.6, width of carapace 12.6, length of palm 
15.5, of movable finger 9.8 mm. 

Range.—Magdalena Bay, Lower California, Mexico; Gulf of 
California; Nicaragua; Panama; Galapagos Islands; Chile (Milne 
Edwards and Lucas). Low-water mark to 31 fathoms. 

Remarks.—This species has at times been united with seticornis, 
but the anterior spine of the basal antennal article separates it 
specifically. 

Material examined.—See table, page 20. 





Genus METOPORHAPHIS Stimpson 


Metoporhaphis Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, 
p. 198 [70]; type, M. calcarata (Say).—A. MitnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. 
Mex., 1878, p. 174. 

Metoporaphis Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, 1876, p. 643; Chal- 
lenger Rept., vol. 17, 1886, p. 4. 


Carapace triangular, longer than broad, uneven. Rostrum long, 
very slender, subcylindrical, tapering to a sharp point. Eyes pro- 
tuberant, peduncles terminating above in a spinule which projects 


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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA at 


beyond the cornea. A postorbital tubercle present. Basal article 
of antenna slender; movable portion elongate, visible from above on 
either side of rostrum. Epistome large. Maxillipeds similar to 
those of Stenorynchus. Abdomen of male with the last two segments 
not completely coalesced; last three segments of female coalesced. 
Chelipeds of moderate length, stout in male. Fingers as long as 
palm and slightly gaping in male, shorter than palm and widely 
gaping in female. Ambulatory legs extremely long and slender, the 
middle of the three distal spines of the merus much elongated. 
Contains only one species. 


METOPORHAPHIS CALCARATA (Say) 
Plates 6 and 7 


Leptopodia calcarata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, pt. 2, 
1818, p. 455 (type-locality, Bay of Charleston, South Carolina; type 
not extant "*). 

Metoporhaphis calcarata Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 
1860, p. 198 [70].—Kinestery, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1878, 
p. 316 [1]. 

Metoporhaphis calcaratus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, 
p. 174.—Smiru, Rept. U. S. Fish Commr. for 1885 (1886), p. 620.— 
RatuBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 45.—Hay and SHore, 
Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35, 1915-16 (1918), p. 454, pl. 37, fig. 5. 

Metoporhaphis forficulatus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, 
p. 174; 1879, pl. 31, figs. 3-3e (type-locality, Guiana; type in Paris Mus.). 

Metoporaphis calcarata, Mimrs, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, vol. 14, 1879, 
p. 643; Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 4. 

Meétoporaphis forficulatus Mirrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 5. 

Stenorhynchus longirostris? Gé6up1, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 52, pt. 1, 1886, 
p. 41, pl. 3, figs. 32-36; not S. longirostris (Fabricius). 

Diagnosis.—Carapace uneven, tuberculate. Antennae visible in 
dorsal view. A long spine at end of merus of ambulatory legs. A 
spine on eye. 

Description.—Surface pubescent; long, marginal hairs on chelipeds. 
Narrow neck longer in male than in female. Carapace nodulous, 
each nodule surmounted by a tubercle and this in turn usually with 
a pencil of soft, hooked hairs. Tubercles as follows: Four gastric, 
of which three are in a transverse row anteriorly; one large cardiac; 
one postorbital, remote from orbit and slightly in advance of gastric 
tubercles; two hepatic, one of which is marginal; three branchial, of 
which one is marginal and the other two in a nearly longitudinal 
row; a subbranchial tubercle in advance of marginal tubercle; a 
tubercle on pterygostomian ridge, visible from above; a granule in 
front of angle of buccal cavity. The rostrum is armed with four or 
five slender spines which project outward alternately from opposite 
sides of lower surface, and are not always apparent in small specimens; 





14 “* All that remains is the stomachal region with eyes and rostrum attached.” (Gibbes, 1350.) 


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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA a8 
# 
two of these spines are near together close to the extremity 
and give the rostrum the appearance of being trifid. Basal 
antennal article with a spine below midway of its length 
and another at outer distal angle; a spinule at end of 
next two articles. On sternum in front of male abdo- 
men, two or three spines on each side forming converging 
lines parallel to terminal segment of abdomen. 
Chelipeds twisted, those of 
male stout; margins of lower 
(really inner) surface armed 
with sharp spines; at distal 
end of inner (or upper) sur- 
face of merus, a long spine; a 
sharp spine near each extrem- 
ity of upper surface of carpus; 
hand broad, inflated; fingers 
about as long as palm, pre- 
hensile edges furnished with 
truncate, denticulate, widely 


separated teeth except at ex- ( 
tremities where they become “! 
closely fitting, triangular z 


Fic. 5—METOPORHAPHIS CALCARATA 
(11385), MAXILLIPED, X 14.5 


teeth. Chelipeds of female 
much feebler, palm shorter, 
fingers much longer and more gaping, sharp spines on 
prehensile edges. The merus of the legs has besides the 
conspicuous armament at the extremity a single short 
spine situated about midway of its length in the fourth 
pair but successively more distad in the other pairs. 
The dactyls are longer than the propodites, are fringed 
with hair, their extremities are gently curved and drawn 
out to a very slender tip. 

Color.—A dirty gray (Hay and Shore). 

Measurements.—Male (18071), length of carapace 19.5, 
width 8.2, length of rostrum 11, length of cheliped about 
21.5 mm. 

Range.—F¥rom off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to 
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Georgia (Gibbes). Shallow 
water to 49 fathoms. 

Material examined.See table, pages 22-23. 

Genus ANOMALOTHIR Miers 


Anomalopus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 
124; type, A. furcillatus Stimpson; name preoccupied by 
Duméril, Cat. Coll. Rept., 1851, p. 185, for a genus of Rep- 
tiles —A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 187. 

Anomalothir Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, 1879, 
p. 648; substituted for Anomalopus. 


24 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
*% 


Carapace much elongated, almost subcylindrical. Rostrum very 
long, bifurcate; horns contiguous for half their length or more. Eyes 
without orbits; preorbital spine small, acute; postorbital minute. 
Antennae exposed in dorsal view, basal article narrow. Antennular 
fossae large. Epistome more than half as long as broad. Merus of 
maxillipeds without a notch at the inner angle where the palpus is 
inserted; outer angle sharply prominent. Chelipeds in adults longer 
than the carapace; merus subcylindrical; propodus elongate, slightly 
compressed; fingers of male less gaping than of female. Ambulatory 
legs of first two pairs long and slender, the first pair much the longer; 
third and fourth pairs shorter, stouter and prehensile, the third pair 
the shorter. Abdomen of seven segments in both sexes. 

Contains only two species. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS ANOMALOTHIR 


A!. Three spines on lower border of merus of third leg. Length of palm more 
than three times its greatest width. Carapace with regularly placed 
tubercless 2248 S255 = Saas see = eee es ee ee ee ne furcillatus, p. 24. 

A?. No spines on lower border of merus of third leg. Length of palm 
not more than three times its greatest width. Carapace almost 
smootht - . 7a. 22 2 eee ee SE I) 2 Re frontalis, p. 25. 


ANOMALOTHIR FURCILLATUS (Stimpson) 
Plate 8, fig. 2; plate 9, fig. 2; plate 206 


Anomalopus furcillatus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. 
Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 125 (type-locality, 
off “‘The Samboes,” 123 fathoms; type not 
extant).— A. Mi,tne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. 
Mex., 1879, p. 188, pl. 35, figs. 4-4e; Bull. 
Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 8, 1880, p. 8. 

Anomalothir furcillatus Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc. 
London, vol. 14, 1879, p. 648.— RatTuBuN, 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 65; 
Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 
4, 1898, p. 254.—A. Minne Epwarps and 
Bovuvirr, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 47, 
1923, p. 368, pl. 10, figs. 6 and 7; pl. 12, fig. 1. 





ne 


= 
Fic.6.—Anomatotamrurcitatus — Diagnosis.—Carapace with regularly placed 

ee eeu tubercles. Preorbital spine as long as post- 
orbital. Length of propodus of cheliped, measured on its upper mar- 
gin, more than three times its greatest width. Three spines on lower 
border of merus of third leg. 

Description.—Carapace pubescent; a small median spine above 
posterior margin; four gastric and two branchial prominences; lateral 
margin of branchial regions with a row of spinules, continued on 
the pterygostomian region. Hepatic region with a minute spine. 
Rostrum long, from two-thirds to one and a fourth times the post- 
frontal length of the carapace; forked in the terminal half; horns 
slightly divergent. Antennae shorter than rostrum. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 25 


Merus of chelipeds with a row of small spines below and a less 
distinct row above; carpus with three spines on outer surface; palm 
unarmed, widening distally; fingers short, stout, slightly gaping in 
basal half. Fingers more gaping in female than in male, on account 
of their greater slenderness in the basal portion and the smaller size 
of the basal tooth on the dactylus in the female. 

Ambulatory legs pubescent; merus of third pair with three strong 
hooked spines beneath; propodus and dactylus strongly curved and 
of about equal length. Propodus of fourth pair nearly straight, dis- 
tally thickened; dactylus shorter than propodus and less curved than 
in third pair. Dactylus of third and fourth pairs spinulous. 

Color.—General color, light orange yellow, palms of a much deeper 
color (Henderson). ° 





Measurements.— 
Length | Ros- : Cheli- First Second Third Fourth 
Cat. No. Sex (entire) | trum Width ped leg leg leg leg 
OOP i o 17.4 7.5 6 21.2 51.4 42.6 4; | eee we 
JD eee Series 2 19. 6 6. 2 5 14 43 33. 5 10 20 


Range.—From off Cape Lookout, North Carolina, to Gulf of Mexico 
and Grenada. Depth, 30 to 262 fathoms. 
Material examined.—See table, page 26. 


ANOMALOTHIR FRONTALIS (A. Milne Edwards) 
Plate 8, fig. 1; plate 9, fig. 1; plate 207 


Anomalopus frontalis A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 189, 
pl. 36, figs. 1-lf (type-localities, off Barbados, 100 fathoms, and off Havana, 
175 fathoms; cotype, Barbados, in Paris Mus.; cotype, Havana, in M. C. 
Z.); Bull. Mus. Comp. ZoGl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 8—A. Minne Epwarps and 
Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 47, 1923, p. 368. 


Diagnosis.—Carapace almost smooth. Preorbital spine shorter 
than postorbital. Length of propodus of cheliped, measured on its 
upper margin, not more than three times its greatest width. No 
spines on lower border of merus of third leg. 

Deseription.—Differs from A. furcillatus in the carapace broader 
behind and less cylindrical, and in the more deflexed rostrum, the 
horns of which are contiguous to near the extremity. A preorbital 
spine is present though smaller than in furcillatus; the antennal spine 
also is shorter than in that species. 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


26 


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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA Oy 


The carpus of the chelipeds has four spines, three small ones in a 
diagonal row near the inner margin and a larger spine near the anterior 
outer angle. The manus is less elongate than in furcillatus and of 
more nearly uniform width throughout. Fingers of male more 
gaping than in male of furcillatus and with a large basal tooth. 

Ambulatory legs shorter than in furcillatus, the last two articles of 
the third leg less faleate. Fourth leg not much longer than third, 
but less falcate, as is the case in the related species. No spines on 
lower surface of merus of third leg. Longer spinules on lower border 
of last two pairs of dactyls. 

Measurements.—Male (15157), length of carapace including rostrum 
13, rostrum 6, width of carapace 4.8, length of cheliped 15.4, first leg 
28.3, second leg 20.5, third leg 10.5, fourth leg 14.2 mm. 

Range.—Oft Havana; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Bar- 
bados. Depth, 73 to 183 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 28. 


Genus ACHAEOPSIS Stimpson 


Achaeopsis Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 9, 1857, p. 
219 [25]; type, A. spinulosus Stimpson; Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. 49, 
1907, p. 21. 2 

Dorynchus NoRMAN, in Wyville-Thomson’s Depths of the Sea, 1873, p. 175; 
type, D. thomsoni Norman.—RatuBun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 
vol. 11, 1897, p. 162. 

Lispognathus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 349; type, L. 
furcillatus A. Milne Edwards, 1880=A. thomsoni (Norman, 1873); Bull. 
Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 8, Dec. 28, 1880, p. 8. 

Carapace ovate-triangular, convex, spinous; interorbital portion 
narrow; a supraorbital and a postorbital spine. Rostrum usually 
bifid, not very long. Eyes retractile to sides of carapace. Antennular 
fossae long and narrow. Basal article of antennae very long and 
narrow and placed almost in a vertical plane; movable portion much 
longer than the rostrum and inserted beside it. Outer maxillipeds 
spinous; merus narrower than ischium, constricted at base, rounded 
at extremity, palpus articulating at summit. Abdomen composed of 
six segments in both sexes. Chelipeds strong, spinous; merus 
trigonal; manus dilated; fingers broad. Ambulatory legs long and 
very slender. 

Contains several species of which only one, which has a very wide 
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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 29 
ACHAEOPSIS THOMSONI (Norman) 


Plate 10 


Dorynchus thomsoni NorMAN, in Wyville-Thomson’s Depths of the Sea, 
1873, p. 175, text-fig. 34 (on p. 174), (type-locality, deep water between 
the Faroes and Scotland; type in Brit. Mus.).—Rarusun, Bull. Lab. 
Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 254. 

Lispognathus furcillatus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, pp. 
349 and 360 (index), pl. 314A, figs. 4 and 4a (type-locality, Grenada, 291 
fathoms; type in Paris Mus.). 

Lispognathus furcatus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 364 
(index); Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, Dec. 28, 1880, p. 9—Smirtu, 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 6, 1883, p. 12. 

Lispognathus (Dorynchus) thomsoni A. M1LNE Epwarps, Comptes Rendus 
Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. 93, 1881, p. 932; transl. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 5, vol. 9, 1882, p. 42; Arch. Miss. Scient. et Litt., ser. 3, vol. 9, 1882, 
pp. 16 and 39. 





Fic. 7.—ACHAEOPSIS THOMSONI, STATION 951, FISH HAWK, X 2.4. a. DORSAL VIEW. b. CARAPACE IN 
PROFILE. (AFTER SMITH.) 


Lispognathus thomsoni NoRMAN, Museum Normanianum, Crustacea, 1886, 
p. 6.—Mrers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 28, pl. 5, figs. 
2-2c—A. Mitne Epwarps and Bouvier, Expéd. Sci. Travailleur et 
Talisman, Crust. Déc., 1900, p. 148, pl. 3, fig. 8 (color.); pl. 21, figs. 8-14, 
and synonymy.—Dor ten, Brachyura Valdivia, 1904, p. 75. 

Achaeopsis thomsoni RatTuBuN, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, vol. 14, 
1911, p. 248; Biol. Results ‘ Hndeavour”’, vol. 5, part 1, 1918, p. 4.— 
Stepsine, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 50, 1914, p. 258. 


Diagnosis.—Two slender rostral horns. Carapace spined. Fin- 
gers not gaping. Spine at end of merus of legs. 

Description.—Carapace slightly pubescent; two median spines, 
cardiac and gastric; two branchial spines, the anterior sometimes 


30 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


reduced to a tubercle; one spine on each protogastric region; a 

slender spine above the orbit, and one at a little distance behind orbit. 
Subbranchial and pterygostomian regions 
each armed with a spine; lateral margin of 
hepatic and branchial regions with a few 
spinules. Rostrum upturned; horns longer 
than interorbital width, slightly divergent. 
Kyestalks with some sharp granules in front 
and a tubercle above at emargination of 
cornea. Basal antennal article with two 
rows of spinules and an outer terminal 
spine; first movable article half as long as 
second. Three rows of spines on maxil- 
lipeds. 

Chelipeds of male: Merus armed on mar- 
gins with numerous spines; carpus narrow, 
spinous, the spines of upper inner margin 
longest; manus swollen, very narrow at base, 

Fic. 8.—ACHAEoPsis THomsonr Upper margin armed for its proximal two- 
Cee ee ean aes thirds with a few long spines and several 
spinules; fingers longitudinally sulcate, thin at the margins; teeth of cut- 
ting edges irregular, so that the fingers though not gaping do not fit even- 
ly together at base. Chelipeds of female much more slender; armature 
similar to that of male except that in the manus the spines are con- 
tinued to the fingers, which fit together more closely. 

The ambulatory legs diminish gradually in length from first to 
last pair; they are furnished with long straight hairs as well as tufts 
of curled hair on upper surface; a terminal spine on the merus; first 
dactylus straight except at tip, the remainder more curved, diminish- 
ing in length but similar to one another; a fringe of hairs on lower 
margin, also a few distant spinules pointing toward the propodus, 
and a larger spinule near the tip. 

Color.—Reddish white (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier). 

Measurements.—Male (18119), median length of carapace 10.8, 
length to tips of rostrum 13.4, width of carapace 8.8 mm. 

Range.—Western Atlantic from Nantucket Shoals to Grenada. 
Eastern Atlantic from Faroe Islands to Cape Verde; Mediterranean; 
Gough Island (South Atlantic); Agulhas Bank, near Cape of Good 
Hope. Indian Ocean. West and South Pacific Ocean. South 
Australia. Depth, 100 to 2,080 meters (55 to 1,137 fathoms). 

Material examined from American waters.—See table, page 28. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 81 
» 


Genus PODOCHELA Stimpson 


Podochela Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 194; 
type, P. grosstpes Stimpson.—A. Mine Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 
1879, p. 189. 

Podonema Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 197; 
type, P. riisei (Stimpson)=Podochela riisei Stimpson. Podonema was 
used by Solier in Gay’s Hist. Chile, vol. 5, 1851, p. 19, for a genus of 
Coleoptera. 

Driope DesBONNE in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, 1867, 
p. 2; type, D. falcipoda Desbonne= Podochela riisei Stimpson. Spelled 
““Dryope”’ in introduction, by Schramm, p. ii. Dryope was used by 
Robineau-Desyoidy in 1830 for a genus of insects. 

Acrorhynchus A. MiuNe Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 189; type, A. 
depressus A. Milne Edwards= P. grossipes Stimpson. 

Anisonotus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 195; type, A. 
curvirostris A. Milne Edwards=P. curvirostris (A. Milne Edwards).— 
A. Mitne Epwarps and Bovuvirr, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 47, 
1923, p. 363. 

Coryrhynchus Kinesutey, Amer. Nat., vol. 13, 1879, p. 585; type, C. riisez 
(Stimpson)=P. riisei Stimpson. Coryrhynchus is substituted for 
Podonema.—SteEBBING, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 50, 1914, p. 259. 

Ericerus Ratusun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 223; type, E. 
latimanus Rathbun. Name preoccupied by Signoret, 1874, for a genus 
of Coccidae. 

Ericerodes RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 164; 
name substituted for Hricerus. 


Body and appendages usually ornamented with tufts of curved 
hairs, and also with straight hairs most often on lower parts of 
chelipeds and legs. Carapace somewhat depressed, elongate, pyri- 
form; gastric region narrow, swollen. Rostrum arcuate or tri- 
-angulate, sometimes prolonged in a spine. Supraorbital margin 
elevated or thickened. Eyes with short, stout pedicels, which 
terminate above in a prominent tubercle; cornea oblique, more 
projecting above than below. Postorbital tooth or lobe, when 
present, remote from eye and either wel! developed or reduced to a 
granule. Basal article of antennae very narrow, longitudinally 
suleate. Sutures between sternal segments of male depressed; 
sternum of female deeply concave, margins elevated, laminate, form- 
ing a capsule. Abdomen of male with last two segments, of female 
with last three segments, coalesced; first two or three segments of 
male and four or five of female are visible in dorsal view. 

Chelipeds of moderate length, merus curved, trigonal; palm either 
slender or dilated. Ambulatory legs slender, subprehensile, dimin- 
ishing in length from first to fourth, the first sometimes much the 
longest; dactylus of first leg slenderer than the others and often 
unarmed; remaining dactyli more or less curved, lower edge spinulous. 

Coast of middle America from North Carolina to Pernambuco, 
Brazil, and from San Luis Obispo, California, to the Gulf of Cali- 


82 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
» 


fornia; Galapagos Islands; Bermudas. Shallow water to 201 fath- 


oms. 
ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF PODOCHELA ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT 
Atlantic Pacific 
TUSet. vestita. 
gracilipes. hemphillit. 
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS PODOCHELA 


A!. Postorbital protuberance a large lobe. 

B!. Supraorbital margin armed with two long spines. Sternal segments of 
male elevated, flat, closely and finely granulate. Manus of adult male 
not inflated. Rostrum long, spiniform, arched upward. 

curvirostris, p. 50. 

B?. Supraorbital margin armed with a series of spinules or small spines. Ster- 
nal segments of male not closely and finely granulate. 

C!. Manus of adult male inflated, fingers widely gaping. Sternum of male 
pubescent, not granulate nor laminate. No prominent lobe behind 
and below postorbital lobe. (Rostrum in doubt, perhaps bilobed.) 

lobifrons, p. 57. 

C?. Manus of adult male not inflated, fingers contiguous. Sternum of male 
laminate, each lamina overlapping the one behind it; surface sparingly 
granulate with scattered, pointed granules. A prominent lobe behind 
and below postorbital lobe. Rostrum short, pointed. 

lamelligera, p. 52. 
A?. Postorbital protuberance a granule, or wanting. 

B!. Rostrum long, ending in a spine. Manus inflated in male. 

C!. Only one tubercle on first abdominal segment. 

D'. Rostrum very long, much more than half as long as postrostral portion 
OMCATADACE 2 kos ee 2 eS ee ee ee latimanus, p. 56. 
D?. Rostrum less than half as long as postrostral portion of carapace. 

E'. Size small (not over 13 mm. long). Gape between fingers of adult 
male subtriangular, deep at proximal end. Neck long. Rostral 
Spilneyslend Gres tage ae Ag ia gracilipes, p. 47. 

E?. Size large (up to 24 mm. long). Gape between fingers of adult 
male suboval. Neck short. Rostral spine stouter, gradually 
tapering Boe eld SEER ee heats SM hemphillii, p. 49 

C?. Two median tubercles on first abdominal segment. Rostrum from three- 
fifths to one-half as long as postrostral portion of carapace. 

barbarensis, p. 54. 

B?. Rostrum short, not ending in a spine. 

C!. Rostrum thin, hood-shaped, hollow beneath. 

D!. Rostrum somewhat triangular, widest at its origin. 

E'. A postorbital granule. Sternum of male not granulate. 

F'. Sternum and basal articles of legs not vermiculate. Gape 
narrow between fingers of adult male. 

G!. Dactyls of last three ambulatory legs curved, short, contained 

twice, or more than twice, in their respective propodites. 

Cardiac prominence low____._2_--_-__--.-2---- riisei, p. 33. 

G?. Dactyls of last three legs less curved and longer, those of last 

two pairs contained less than twice in their respective propo- 

dites. Cardiac prominence higher and more acute or ending 

In /ashort spines _— = 2 ane a eee sidneyi, p. 39. 

F’. Sternum and basal articles of legs vermiculate. Cardiac promi- 

nence elongate, compressed. (Gape between fingers of adult 

maleimnotiknowms)ic a-. 2 eho ae vestita, p. 42. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 83 


E*. No postorbital granule. Sternum of male closely covered with 
pearly granules. Median carina of rostrum sharp, continued to 
front edge. Gape narrow between fingers of adult male 

margaritaria, p. 43. 

D?. Rostrum not triangular, very broadly rounded, widest in front of 
its origin. Concave surface of basal antennal article very broadly 

ia a Vig WHEY geoph Bs Se ays aa Se ee ee algicola, p. 41. 

C?. Rostrum thick, subtriangular, not hollow beneath. 

D'. Propodus of first leg four or more times as long as dactylus. Pro- 
podus of last two legs considerably longer than dactylus and 

Sliph thy Cunvedssh sao eat sated eee nee macrodera, p. 44. 

D2. Propodus of first leg twice, or at most three times as long as dactylus. 
Propodus of last two legs very little longer than dactylus and 

BELO Rhys CULE Us ser ore cea een See ee ee grossipes, p. 45. 


Macropodia occidentalis Guilding (Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 
14, 1824, p. 335), from the Caribbean Sea, is probably a species of 
Podochela, but the description is too short to permit of its exact 


determination. 
PODOCHELA RIISEi Stimpson 


Plate 11, figs. 1 and 2; plate 208, fig. 2 


Podochela riisei Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, 
p. 196, pl. 2, fig. 6 (type-locality, Island of St. Thomas; type not extant).— 
Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 11—Auvrivitutus, K. 
Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 23, 1889, p. 34, pl. 4, fig. 7—RaTHBUN, 
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 48; Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, 
p. 508, fig. 1 (after A. Milne Edwards); Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1900, 
vol. 20, part 2 (1901), p. 54.—VeErrILL, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts & Sci., 
vol. 13, 1908, p. 398.—Hay and Snore, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35, 
1915-16 (1918), p. 453, pl. 37, fig. 9. 

Podochela deflexifrons Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, 
p. 197 (type-locality, West Indies; type not extant). 

Driope falcipoda DESBONNE in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, 
1867, p. 2 (type-locality, Guadeloupe; type perhaps not extant). 

Podonema riisei Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 2, 1871, p. 126.— 
Miers, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, vol. 14, 1879, p. 643. 

Podonema hypoglypha Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 127 
(type-localities, Key West and S. W. of Loggerhead Key, 4 to 9 fathoms; 
types not extant). 

Podochela spatulifrons A. MitNe Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 192, 
pl. 34, figs. 2-2f (type-locality, Guadeloupe at considerable depth; type 
in Paris Mus.).—RatTusBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 48. 

Podochela hypoglypha A. M1tnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 194.— 
Ratusun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 49; not Univ. Iowa 
Studies, vol. 9, 1921, p. 80. 

Coryrhynchus riisei Kinasuey, Amer. Nat., vol. 13, 1879, p. 585; Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 31, 1879, p. 384. 


Diagnosis.—Rostrum hood-shaped, hollow beneath. Fingers of 
mature male narrowly gaping. Last leg about one and a half times 
as long as carapace. Dactyli of legs faleate, that of second leg con- 
tained two and a half or more times in the length of the propodus. 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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38 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


cave, on the edge facing the dactylus; the surface where the tip of 
the dactylus touches is densely haired; dactyli moderately curved, 
second propodus two and a half times as long as its dactylus, third 
propodus a little over twice its dactylus, fourth propodus just twice 
its dactylus (fig. 9, b). 

Variations.—Rostrum variable as to shape and length. Margins 
of basal antennal article thick in the old but may be quite thin in 
younger ones; the anterior end of the article is always truncate. 
Sternal segments of male usually with a rounded surface, but some- 
times flattened. 





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Fic. 9.—a. PODOCHELA RIISEI (18075), MAXILLIPED, X 12. b. PODOCHELA RIISEI (50991), PROPODUS AND 
DACTYLUS OF LAST LEG, X 5. c. PODOCHELA SIDNEYI (8814), PROPODUS AND DACTYLUS OF LAST LEG, X 5 


Color.—One male (47042) preserved in alcohol has retained the 
color pattern in brown: A longitudinal band along outer margin of 
branchial and postorbital regions; a slightly curved band each side 
of median line beginning at line of larger gastric tubercle and ending 
at cardiac tubercle; rostrum and mesogastric region spotted with 
irregular patches; first two legs are largely brown. 

Measurements—Male (47048), length of carapace 20.6, width 16 
mm. Female (53053), length 20.5, width 16.6 mm. Female (1832), 
length 23.2, width 19.6 mm. 

Range.—North Carolina; Bahamas; west coast of Florida (common) 
to Cuba and other West Indian Islands as far southeast as St. Thomas; 
south of Pernambuco, Brazil (Miers). Rio Janeiro. Bermudas 
(Verrill). Shallow water to 30 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, pages 34-37. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 39 


PODOCHELA SIDNEYI® Rathbun 
Plates 12 and 13 


Podochela reisei A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 193, pl. 34, 
figs. 1 (ambulatory legs excepted), la. 

Podochela riisei Smita, Rept. U. S. Fish Commr. for 1885 (1886), p. 620 [16], 
not synonymy. 

Podochela sidneyi RatHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 14, 1924, 
p. 1 (type-locality, off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, 49 fathoms, sta- 
tion 2297, Albatross; 1 male holotype, Cat. No. 7253, U. S. N. M.). 


Diagnosis.—Dactyls of last three legs elongate, more than half as 
long as their respective propodites. Palm of adult male very slightly 
inflated. Sternal segments of male forming flat, sharp-edged plates. 

Description.—Closely related to P. rrisei; most easily distinguished 
by the longer and straighter dactyli of the last three ambulatory legs. 
Cardiac and posterior gastric prominences more produced than in 
riisei, spiniform. Rostrum a little narrower at base and in conse- 
quence more triangular. Pterygostomian region bearing a long thin 
lamina which may be subtriangular or produced downward in a lobe. 
The sternal segments are flat, and the flat surfaces have sharp, cristate 
margins; the flat, elongate tubercles in front of the abdomen are 
more triangular and in an oblique plane, enclosing the end of the 
abdomen. The margins of the basal antennal article are thinner, 
deeper, and more convergent anteriorly, the lobe at the posterior end 
of the outer margin is more pronounced. 

Chelipeds of adult male with manus less dilated than in rivsez, 
gape narrower, prehensile teeth more numerous and more uniform 
in size. Legs longer than in riisei; first leg three or more times as 
long as carapace, dactylus about one-seventh as long as propodus; 
second leg two and a half to two and two-thirds as long as carapace, 
fourth leg about twice as long as carapace. Dactyli of last three 
pairs less curved than in riisei and distinctly longer; second propodus 
no more than twice as long as its dactylus, third propodus from one 
and a half to one and three-fourths time its dactylus, fourth propodus 
from one and a third to one and a half times. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 14, width 10.7 
mm. Larger male (48676), length 17.3, width 13 mm. 

Range.—North Carolina; eastern part of Gulf of Mexico (sparingly 
on west coast of Florida); northwestern Cuba and Yucatan Channel. 
Depth, 2 to 49 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 40. 





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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 4] 


PODOCHELA ALGICOLA (Stebbing) 


Coryrhynchus algicola StEBBING, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 50, 1914, 
p. 259, pl. 23 (type-locality, off the coast of Brazil, lat. 18° 24’ S., long 
37° 58’ W., 36 fathoms; station 81, Scotia; type in Dr. Bruce’s Mus. 
Antarctica, Edinburgh, except first antennae and mouth parts which 
are mounted and in Mr. Stebbing’s collection. 


Diagnosis.—Allied to P. riiset. Rostrum short, broadly rounded. 


A pair of tubercles on surface of carapace between eyes. Edges of 
fingers (of female) crenulate, not denticulate. Ventral concave 





Fic. 10.—PODOCHELA ALGICOLA, FEMALE HOLOTYPE, CARAPACE 19 MM. LONG. a. ANTERIOR PORTION, 
VENTRAL VIEW. b. PROPODUS AND DACTYLUS OF THIRD AMBULATORY LEG. c. ROSTRUM. d. CHELA. 
€. MAXILLIPED. (AFTER STEBBING.) 


surface of basal antennal article acute at distal end, broadly tri- 
angular. (After Stebbing.) 

Remarks.—This may be the same form as the Brazilian specimen 
referred by Miers to riisei. The rostrum of algicola widens more 
than in riisei, but the dactyl of the fourth pereiopod (third ambula- 
tory) is of the same shape as in riisei; the penult article shown in 
figure “prp. 4” should undoubtedly be divided in two, as shown in 
the entire figure of the animal. 

Measurements.—Female, holotype, length of carapace 19, width 13, 
length of first ambulatory leg about 47 mm. (Stebbing.) 

Range.—Known only from the type specimen. (See above.) 


49 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PODOCHELA VESTITA (Stimpson) 
Plate 14 


Podonema vestita Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871, 
p. 97 (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; type not extant). 

Podochela vestita A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 195. 

Podochela (Coryrhynchus) mexicana Ratrusun, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 16, 1893, p. 225 (type-locality, Gulf of California, 11 fathoms; holo- 
type, Cat. No. 17330, U. 8. N. M.). 

Diagnosis.—Rostrum short, rounded. Neck short. Margins of 
basal antennal article thin, prominent. Legs filiform, propodites 
without thumb-process, dactyli short. Sternum vermiculated. 

Description.—A species with short neck, very high gastric region, 
two prominent gastric tubercles, cardiac tubercle uncommonly large, 
laminate, the lamina continued forward in a blunt ridge; a large, 
laminate, hepatic lobe, a thin pterygostomian ridge bearing a small 
lobe. Rostrum short, arcuate, thin. Basal antennal article anteriorly 
narrowed, margins thin, outer margin broadly bilobed. 

Chelipeds of a probably immature male feeble, palms slightly 
swollen, fingers meeting. Legs slender; first one less than three 
times as long as carapace, its propodus slender, about seven times 
as long as dactylus, which is unarmed, slenderer, and less curved than 
in the other legs; fourth leg about as long as carapace; second, third, 
and fourth legs similar, diminishing successively, as do also their 
propodal segments, which are a little thickened distally, that of the 
second leg three times as long as dactylus, that of the fourth leg twice 
as long as dactylus, that of the third leg intermediate; the three dac- 
tyli are of the same size and form. 

Sternum and basal segments of legs vermiculated. Sternal seg- 
ments in the form of raised plates with sharp edges and separated by 
deep depressions. 

Said by Stimpson to be more hairy than rizsei or lamelligera. 

Measurements.—Male (17330), length of carapace 10, width 8, 
length of cheliped about 12, of first leg about 27, second 21, fourth 
11mm. Female (Stimpson), length of carapace 0.52 inch (13.2 mm.), 
width 0.42 inch (10.7 mm.). 

Range.—Mexico: Gulf of California to Cape St. Lucas. 

Material examined.—Off Adair Bay,*Mexico, in the Gulf of Cali- 
fornia; lat. 31° 21’ 00’’ N.; long. 113° 49’ 00’’ W.; 11 fathoms; S. 
brk. Sh. G.; temp. 67° F.; March 25, 1889; station 3024, Albatross; 
1 male, thin shell (17330), holotype of P. mexicana. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 43 


PODOCHELA MARGARITARIA Rathbun 
Plate 15; plate 209, fig. 1 


Podochela margaritaria RaTHBUN, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, 
p. 283, pl. 12, fig. 12 (type-locality, Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island, 12 
fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 24834, U.S. N. M.). 
Diagnosis.—Rostrum hood-shaped, carinate. No postorbital lobe. 
Sternum coarsely granulate. Fingers of adult male narrowly gaping. 
Description.—V entral surface covered with coarse, pearly granules; 
dorsal surface inconspicuously granulate, especially on the depressed 
portions and the branchial regions. A high conical tubercle on the 
cardiac and on the gastric region. Rostrum long, hood-shaped, the 
hood thin, sharply cristate on median line. No postorbital lobe. 
Hepatic region small, swollen, converging to a small, downward- 
pointing tubercle. A similar pterygostomian tubercle. Sternal seg- 
ments high, closely covered with white granules, and separated by 
deep smooth depressions; two tubercles in front of the abdomen ter- 
minate ridges leading upward between which is a deep trough. 
Basal antennal article narrowed anteriorly, deeply concave, 
lateral margins prominent. Chelipeds moderately roughened, chiefly 
on the margins, a few tubercles on the carpus, manus swollen, fingers 
narrowly gaping except near the tips. Legs of moderate length, 
first pair two and a half times length of carapace, dactylus short, 
slender, curved, propodus five times as long as dactylus. Remain- 
ing legs respectively twice, one and two-thirds and one and a half 
times the carapace length; dactyli of similar length and curvature, 
the second a little slenderer. Propodites distally thickened and 
bent upward, the amount of thickening increasing from second to 
fourth leg. The second propodus is two and a half times its dactylus, 
the third twice, and the fourth a little less than twice its dactylus. 
Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 15, width 11 
mm. 
Range.-—Known only from Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island, 
Galapagos Islands. 
Material examined.— 
Tagus Cove; 12 fathoms; Stanford Univ. Exped.; one male holo- 
type (24834). 
Tagus Cove, on reef north of Tagus Hill; 2 males, 1 female (Stan- 
ford University). 


44 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PODOCHELA MACRODERA Stimpson 
Plate 16 


Podochela macrodera Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 
1860, p. 196 (type-localities, St. Thomas and Key Biscayne, Florida; 
types not extant).—A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 191, 
pl. 34, figs. 3-3c.—Rartuson, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 50; 
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2 (1901), p. 53; in Boeke, 
Rapport Vischerij Kolonie Curacao, 1920, p. 343 [27] 


Diagnosis.—Rostrum short, thick, subtriangular. Fingers of 
adult male widely gaping. Distal ends of propodites of ambulatory 
legs curved. 

Description.—Cardiac region depressed, bearing a low tubercle; 
two median gastric tubercles; hepatic region swollen, its tubercles 
very small; a small tubercle on the pterygostomian region. Rostrum 
small, short, thick, subtriangular, ob- 
tuse or subacute, flat above, sides 
steeply inclined. Sternum of male with 
smooth convex segments separated by 
shallow grooves. In front of the ab- 
domen are two white-tipped tubercles. 
First abdominal segment in male and 
first and second in female with a white 
median tubercle. 

Basal antennal article long, much narrower anteriorly, lateral 
margins thick and convex, uniting on the anterior third. Chelipeds 
of adult male stout, manus much dilated, fingers widely gaping. 
Ambulatory legs of first pair about two-and-a-half times, of second 
pair about one and two-thirds times, of fourth pair about one and a 
third times the length of the carapace; first pair similar to that of 
risei. Propodites of last three pairs falcate, the distal portion 
being curved, and the tip of the curved dactylus fitting against a 
thumb process; second propodus about two and a fourth times its 
dactylus, third propodus a little over twice, and fourth propodus 
less than twice its dactylus. 

Measurements.—Male (6368), length of carapace 15.3, width 
11.2 mm. Female (18670), length 10.8, width 8.6 mm. 

Range.—Bahamas; Florida Keys from Key Biscayne (A. Milne 
Edwards) to Sand Key; Yucatan Channel; West Indies from Cuba 
and Porto Ricoto Guadeloupe (A. M.E.). Curagao. Shallow water 
to 1434 fathoms; 50 fathoms (unusual). 

Material examined.—See table, pages 46-47. 





Fig. 11.—PODOCHELA MACRODERA, 
MALE (6368), LEFT CHELA, X 4.66 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 45 
PODOCHELA GROSSIPES Stimpson 
Plate 208, fig. 1 


Podochela grossipes Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 
1860, p. 195 [67], pl. 2, fig. 5 (type-locality, island of St. Thomas, W. I.; 
type not extant)—A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 190, 
pl. 34, figs. 4, 4a.—Avurivituius, K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 23, 
1889, p. 34. 

Acrorhynchus depressus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 190. 


Diagnosis.—Rostrum short, triangular, acute. Last two pairs of 
legs,with the penult article short, strongly curved, and the dactylus 
when closed forming an oval gape. 

Description (after Stimpson).—Body everywhere short-pubescent; 
feet setose. Rostrum acute, regularly triangular, very little longer 
than broad at base, setose. Chelipeds with the hand much inflated; 
fingers much shorter than palm, slender, gaping, and annulated with 
crimson near tips. First pair of ambulatory legs very robust, with 
a single series of very short, small tufts of curled hair along upper 
side; penult article very thick, armed on lower edge with a distinct 
tooth or thumb-process, against which the extremity of the dactylus 
closes. The rest of the legs become progressively shorter and more 
slender posteriorly and have much shorter hands; in the last two pairs 
the penult article is scarcely longer than the dactylus, much curved, 
and concave within, with the thumb-process at the base; the dactylus 
is almost always closed against this process and can be opened only 
to a limited extent, so that the last two articles are transformed into 
a strongly subcheliform or ancoral hand, which projects at a right 
angle from the carpus. 

The specimen described and figured by A. Milne Edwards is much 
larger than Stimpson’s type; it has a much longer rostrum and 
longer propodites of the first and second legs. 

Measurements.—Male, type, length of carapace 14.2 mm. (0.56 
inch), width 10.4 mm. (0.41 inch), length of first ambulatory leg 
35 mm. (1.39 inches), length of last leg, dactylus excluded, 17.3 
mm. (0.68 inch) (Stimpson). 

Range.—St. Thomas (Stimpson); Martinique, 10 to 20 fathoms 
(Aurivillius); St. Pierre, Martinique (Doflein); St. Lucia (A. Milne 
Edwards). 

5487—25t 5 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 47 


PODOCHELA GRACILIPES Stimpson 
Plate 17 


Podochela gracilipes Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 
1871, p. 126 (type-localities, west of Tortugas, off Pacific and 
Carysfort Reefs, 36 to 60 fathoms; types not extant).—A. 
Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 192, pl. 35, 
figs. 1-1b.—Ratrusun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 
1894, p. 50. 


Diagnosis.—Rostrum long, spiniform, unarmed. 
Carapace much constricted behind orbits. Fingers 
widely gaping in adult male. Legs filiform. 

Description.—A small species. Carapace narrow; a 
rounded protuberance on 
the cardiac region and 
two smaller median pro- 
tuberances on the gastric 
region; two pterygosto- 
mijan tubercles; a small 
tubercle at either end of Fic. 12.—PODOCHELA GRACILIPES, MALE 

: : (18089), LEFT CHELA, X 6 
epistome whichgtogether 
with the projecting angles of the buccal cavity, is visible 
in dorsal view in large specimens. On the male sternum 
a thick blunt spine at base of cheliped. Basal antennal 
article long and narrow, posteriorly with two blunt 
margins which converge and unite anteriorly. 

Chelipeds stout in male; manus much inflated, fin- 
gers gaping to near the tips, more widely gaping than 
in any other Atlantic species, ‘the fixed finger slightly 
bowed downward below the line of the manus; a large 
tooth near base of dactyl. Chelipeds slender in female. 
Ambulatory legs very slender; first pair much the long- 
est, three times as long as carapace; dactyli long and 
almost straight, about one-third the length of the pre- 
ceding segment; propodites of last three pairs thick- 
ened toward distal end, dactyli somewhat scythe- 
shaped; in second pair the dactylus is two-fifths as 
long as propodus, in third pair one-half, in last pair 
two-thirds as long as propodus. 

Measurements.—Male (18079), length of carapace 
12.7, -width 8.7 mm. 

Range.—Off Cape Lookout, North Carolina, to Gulf 
of Mexico, Caribbean Sea (to Colombia and Barbados), 
and Cape Frio, Brazil. Depth, 18 to 79 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, pages 48-49. 














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FODOCHELA HEMPHILLII (Lockington) 
Plate 18; plate 209, fig. 2 


Microrhynchus hemphillii Locx1neton, 
Proce. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 
1876 (1877), p. 30 [3] (type-locality, 
Bay of San Diego, 7 fathoms; type 
destroyed in San Francisco earth- 
quake, 1906). 

Inachoides (Microrhynchus) hemphillii 
Locki1neTon, Proc. California Acad. 
Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 75 [13]. 

Inachodes hemphilli Streets and 
KinGsteEy, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 9, 
1877, p. 104. 

Podochela tenuipes RaTHBUN, Proc. U. 
S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1898, p. 224 
(type-locality, Catalina Harbor, 
Santa Catalina Island, California; 
type, Cat. No. 17505, U. S. N. M.). 
Identity with P. hemphillii deter- 
mined by Dr. 8. J. Holmes who ex- 
amined the type of the latter. 

Podochela hemphillii RaTHBUN, Proc. U. 
S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 569; 
Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 
1904, p. 171, pl. 10, fig. 2—Houmgs, 
Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., 
vol. 7, 1900, p. 17.—Scumirt, Univ. 
California Publ. Zool., vol. 23, 1921, 
p. 195, text-fig. 120, and synonymy. 


Diagnosis.—Rostrum acuminate 
or spinous. Postorbital lobe small 
or minute. Fingers of adult male 
widely gaping. First pair of ambu- 
latory legs about three times length 
of carapace. 

Description.—Carapace without 
prominent tubercles on dorsal sur- 
face; cardiac region low except in 
very large specimens; gastric region 
rounded, bearing five tufts of curved 
setae, two of which are on either side 
forming a rectangle and the fifth 
posterior and median; branchial 
regions fiattened, having a longi- 
tudinal row of curved setae 
across its surface and a tuft of 
the same at the inner angle; 


50 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


hepatic region tumid and bearing a spine or tubercle. Pterygosto- 
mian ridge having a similar tubercle at its middle. Rostrum thick, 
triangulate, longer than broad and varying considerably in length, 
acuminate, with two double rows of curved setae above. A small 
postorbital spine or tubercle. Segments of male sternum convex, 
deeply separated. ; 

Basal antennal article narrow anteriorly; posteriorly it bears a 
thick, compressed protuberance nearer the inner than the outer 
margin. Chelipeds in adult male robust, pubescent; merus trihe- | 
dral, curved, outer margin spiny; carpus with a supero-posterior 
spine; palm inflated and with several spiny projections, especially 
on lower edge; fingers shorter than palm, gaping in basal three-fifths. 
Chelipeds in female and young slender, hands semicylindrical, fingers 
nearly meeting. Legs long and slender, especially of first two pairs, 
long-hairy, hairs on upper surface curled; dactyli falciform, dentate, 
in the first pair about one-third the length, in the other pairs about 
half the length of the penultimate articles; these last have no thumb- 


processes but in the last two pairs are slightly thickened in distal 
half. 


Color.—Plain pale brown (Hilton). Some formalin specimens are 
brown and white mixed. 

Measurements.—Male (21862), length of carapace 24.1, width 16, 
length of first leg about 57.5mm. Female (50614), length of carapace 
18.2, width 13.3 mm. 

Range.—From San Luis Obispo, California (Lockington), to Gulf 
of California. Depth, 1 to 47 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 51. 


PODOCHELA CURVIROSTRIS (A. Milne Edwards) 
Plates 19 and 210 


Anisonotus curvirostris A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 196, 
pl. 36, figs. 3-3d (type-localities, Barbados, 100 fathoms, and near Havana, 
127 fathoms; cotypes in M. C. Z.).—A. Minne Epwarps and Bovvirr, 
Mem. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 47, 1923, p. 364, pl. 10, figs. 4 and 5, text-figs. 
14 and 15. 


Podochela spinifrons RatusBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 51 
(type-locality, off Havana, 199 fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 9510, 
U;.S.N...M_). 

Diagnosis.—Rostrum terminating in a long arched spine. Post- 
orbital tooth well developed. Bases of legs ornamented with lamini- 
form plates inclosing shallow cavities. Sternum of male formed of 
plates separated by deep grooves. 

Description.—Carapace spinuliferous; an erect cardiac spine; 
gastric region with a spine directed forward and in front of it a spiny 
tubercle; rostrum long, sharp, arched, a median spiniferous crest; 
orbit with an erect crest bearing spinules. and two slender spines; 


51 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 


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antennal article largely visible from above, bearing a spine at anterior 
angle; an oblong postorbital lamina and behind and below it a flat 
triangular tooth; these two teeth correspond in position to the small 
tubercles present in P. gracilipes and other species. Hepatic re- 
gion much dilated laterally and ventrally, its spine narrow, flat- 
tened, obtuse; a similar pterygostomian spine; buccal cavity con- 
spicuously crested at anterior angle; basal antennal article with a 
cristiform inner margin and an angular ridge on posterior half. 
Sternal crests in male flat, tuberculate, separated by deep sulci; 
crests on coxae of legs similar to those of P. lamelligera but less 
prominent; anterior part of male sternum pubescent, two stout spines 
in front of abdomen, projecting downward and forward; first segment 
of abdomen bears a spiniform tubercle at distal end. 

Chelipeds in both sexes slender, hirsute, spinuliferous; fingers in 
contact. Legs very hairy except slender, yellow, horny tips of 
dactyls; propodites slender, dactyls slightly curved. 

Measurements.—Male (9510), length of carapace 22, width 15 mm.; 
female (6945), length 21, width 13.5 mm. Male (A. M. Edwards), 
length 29, width 16 mm. 

Range.—Straits of Florida and Yucatan Channel to Barbados and 
Carriacou. Depth, 73 to 201 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 53. 


PODOCHELA LAMELLIGERA (Stimpson) 
Plate 20, figs. 1 and 2 


Podonema lamelligera Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 126 
(type-locality, off Tennessee Reef, 21 fathoms; type not extant). 

Podochela lamelligera A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 193.— 
RatusBwn, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 49. 


Diagnosis.—Rostrum short, pointed. Postorbital tooth well 
developed. Bases of legs ornamented with laminiform plates enclos- 
ing cup-shaped cavities. Sternum of male formed by overlapping 
plates. 

Description.—Cardiac region protuberant; gastric region with two 
small pointed tubercles, the posterior the more elevated. Rostrum 
triangular, rough above, tapering to a sharp point, hollow underneath. 
Orbits with erect, spinuliferous margins. Postorbital tooth triangu- 
lar, laminiform. Farther back and lower down, at either extremity 
of epistome, there is a smaller tooth. Hepatic projection tipped 
with a slender spine. Angle of buccal cavity cristate. A large 
tooth in the middle of the pterygostomian crest. At the base of each 
cheliped two thin plates project downward and inward, and there 
are also two on the sternum at the extremity of the male abdomen. 
Sternal plates broad, thin, spinulous, their posterior margins turned 
downward and overlapping the next plate. Coxal segment of each 


53 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 
































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54 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


ambulatory leg furnished on the lower side with a cup-shaped 
expansion. 

A small acute tooth projects forward from the antero-external angle 
of the basal antennal article; laminiform margins very prominent, 
especially the inner one, which is deepest at about its middle, at 
which point there is a transverse, bilobed crest on the article. Inter- 
antennular partition prolonged downward at middle in a sharp tooth. 

Chelipeds of both sexes with palm not dilated and fingers almost 
meeting throughout their length. First pair of legs much longer than 
those following, merus rather stout; all the legs have a long propodus 
with a very slight thumb-process, and a little-curved dactylus. 

Measurements.—Male (18076), length of carapace 18, width 12.5 
mm. Female (18076), length 20, width 16, length of first lez 60 mm. 

Range.—Florida, from Cape Florida through Straits of Florida to 
Gulf coast. Depth, 21 to 60 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 53. 





FIG. 13.—PODOCHELA BARBARENSIS, X 2. L&EGS 1, 2, AND 4 ARE Cat. No. 29955, U.S.N.M., AND MAY 
BE FROM DIFFERENT SPECIMENS; LEG 3 IS CAT. NO. 48256, U.S.N.M. a. FIRST LEG. 6. SECOND LEG. 
c. THIRD LEG. d. FOURTH LEG 


PODOCHELA BARBARENSIS Rathbun 
Plate 20, figs. 3 and 4 


Podochela barbarensis RatHBuN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 14, 
1924, p. 1 (type-locality, off Brockway Point, Santa Rosa Island, Califor- 
nia; 38-45 fathoms; station 4431, Albatross; 2 males, Cat. No. 48256, 
U.S.N.M.). 
Diagnosis.—Rostrum a long spine. Antennae filiform. First leg 
very much longer than the others. Two median tubercles on first 
segment of abdomen. 


Material examined of Podochela barbarensis 





Bearings 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 55 











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Description.—A hairy species. 
Cardiac region with a large conical 
elevation; two median gastric tu- 
bercles, the anterior the smaller; 
two blunt median tubercles on first 
segment of abdomen. A prominent 
strapshaped spine on hepatic re- 
gion; a small, similar one on the 
pterygostomian ridge, and a still 
smaller postorbital spine; some spi- 
nules in front of the angles of the 
buccal cavity, a few of which are 
visible in dorsal view. Orbital arch 
finely spinulous. Rostrum a long, 
slender, gradually diminishing 
spine, varying from three-fifths, in 
the largest, to one-half, in the smal- 
lest, as long as the postrostral por- 
tion of the carapace. Antennae 
overreaching the rostrum, filiform, 
the movable articles of the peduncle 
as well as the flagellum unusually 
slender; the basal article has lam- 
inate anterior and outer margins, 
the latter spinulous. 

Chelipeds moderately enlarged, 
spinulous, especially on and near 
the margins, and hairy, the hairs 
entangling mud, foraminifera, etc. 
A spine at outer distal end of me- 
rus; a stout, spinuliferous knob on 
outer surface of carpus;chela widest 
behind middle of palm, thence ta- 
pering to end of fingers; gape cor- 
respondingly narrow, one tooth on 
the dactyl at middle of gape may 
be somewhat enlarged. First am- 
bulatory leg three times (in largest 
specimen) as long as carapace with 
rostrum ;merus and propodus equal, 
nearly twice as long as carpus and 
three times as long as dactylus, 
which is very slender and slightly 
curved. Dactyli of remaining legs 
faleate. In the second leg the car- 


56 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


pus and propodus are equal, nearly two-thirds as long as merus and 
two and a half times as long as dactylus. (See Measurements.) 

The sternum is deeply grooved between segments, the tubercles 
in line with base of chelipeds are very large and flattened antero- 
posteriorly. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 23.8, length of 
rostrum 9, width of carapace 12.7 mm. The legs are nearly all 
detached and those measured belong to four different males: 











Leg MeruUs carpus | propodus dactylus 
te, See eee 23 12 23 7.4 
eS Ee A ll 7.5 7.5 3 
3ab ies’ 16. 2 13.2 7 4.2 
Aue 5 7 7 4 3 


Range.—Santa Barbara Islands, California; northern extremity of 
Mexico. Depth, 38 to 50 fathoms. 
Material excamined.—See table, page 55. 


PODOCHELA LATIMANUS (Rathbun) 
Plate 21 


Ericerus latimanus Ratusun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 224 
(type-locality, Gulf of California, 11 fathoms, station 3024, Albatross; 
holotype, Cat. No. 17324, U.S.N.M.). 


Diagnosis.—Rostrum a long spine nearly equaling postrostral 
length of carapace. A postorbital tubercle present. Sternum almost 
smooth. Chelipeds dilated. 

Description.—Male: Cardiac region elevated, conical; branchial 
regions swollen, a tubercle on their antero-lateral margin; gastric 
region with two median tubercles, the anterior the smaller; hepatic 
region not prominent, bearing a marginal tubercle; pterygostomian 
ridge with a tubercle; postorbital tubercle small, midway between 
orbit and buccal cavity. Rostrum a triangulate, acuminate spine 
nearly as long as the remainder of the carapace, posteriorly hollow 
beneath, anteriorly upturned. Orbital arch thickened. Basal anten- 
nal article partially visible from above, a tooth at its antero-external 
angle, from which a convex ridge extends backward and inward; 
flagellum visible at sides of rostrum. Surface of maxillipeds spinulous. 

Inner surface of chelipeds spinulous; outer margin of merus irregu- 
larly lobed; a spine at distal end above and on inner side; carpus 
with a stout external, and also anterior, spine. Palm dilated, fingers 
gaping; in the gape there is a truncate and a spiniform tooth on the 
dactyl and a triangular tooth on the immovable finger. First pair 
of ambulatory legs about one and two-thirds, second pair one and 
one-third, times the total length of the carapace; fourth pair not so 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 57 


long as the carapace. Propodus slightly thickened distally, about 
one and two-thirds times the length of the dactylus in the first pair 
and one and a half times in the remaining pairs. 

The sternum has very slight depressions between the segments, 
and two stout cylindrical spines tipped with a granule at the base of 
the chelipeds. A tubercle on first abdominal segment. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace with rostrum 
26, length of rostrum from 
anterior margin of orbit 12.3, 
width of carapace 12.3 mm. 

Range.—Gulf of California, 
Mexico. To a depth of 11 
fathoms. 

Material examined.— Fic. 14.—PODOCHELA LATIMANUS, MALE HOLOTYPE, 

Off Adair Bay, Mexico, in eo 
Gulf of California; lat. 31° 21’ 00’’ N.; long. 113° 49’ 00’’ W.; 11 
fathoms; S. brk. Sh. G.; temp. 67° F.; Mar. 25, 1889; station 3024 
Albatross; 1 male, holotype (17324). 

Patos Island, Gulf of California; anchorage; 414 fathoms; April 
23, 1921; Fred Baker, California Academy Expedition; 2 males, 2 
females (1 ovigerous) (Cal. Acad. Sci.). 

Concepcion Bay, Lower California (gulf coast); March 19, 1889; 
Albatross; 1 male (17325). 





PODOCHELA LOBIFRONS Rathbun 


Plate 11, figs. 3 and 4 


Podochela (Coryrhynchus) lobifrons RaTHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 
1893, p. 226 (type-locality, off Abreojos Point, Lower California, 58 
fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 17331, U.S. N. M.). 


Diagnosis.—Postorbital and hepatic lobes large. Carpus of cheli- 
peds rough with spinules single or clustered. Dactylus of first 
ambulatory leg very long, half as long as propodus. 

Description.—Carapace covered with a short, dense pubescence; 
margins ot lobes, of basal antennal article, of all ventral ridges, rough 
with sharp granules; chelipeds rougher than in other species, armed 
not only on the margins but elsewhere with spinules, largest on the 
upper and lower edges of the palm. The type and only specimen 
known is of large size and in a very soft-shelled condition. The front 
is very short and bilobed; in spite of the symmetry of the lobes, it is 
probable that the rostrum has been accidentally abbreviated, as the 
basal antennal article extends far beyond it and the antennular cavi- 
ties are anteriorly incomplete. A deep sulcus surrounds the cardiac 
region except in front. Postorbital lobe large. The long thin 


58 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


hepatic lobe projects obliquely forward and slightly downward; 
close behind it shows in dorsal view the large pterygostomian lobe, 
and in front of it the obtuse angle of the buccal cavity. 

Segments of sternum rounded and deeply separated; in front of 
the abdomen a rounded lobe on each side close to base of cheliped. 
Basal antennal article strongly angled, the extremity of the ridges 
accented. 

Chelipeds stout, bordered by long straight hairs on lower edge of 
ischium and adjacent parts of merus, on upper edge of remainder of — 





Fic. 15.—PODOCHELA LOBIFRONS, MALE HOLOTYPE, CARAPACE 20.5 MM. LONG. @. FIRSTLEG. b. SECOND 
LEG. c. THIRD LEG. d. FOURTH LEG 


cheliped (hairs directed inward), on both edges of fingers and outer 
surface ot dactylus. Some of the spinules are clustered on tubercles, 
as on the ischium, and the outer surface of the carpus. Distal two- 
fifths of fingers in contact, remainder gaping, leaving an oval inter- 
space into the middle of which an enlarged tooth of the dactylus 
projects. 

Legs slender. First leg three times as long as the carapace, pro- 
podus twice as long as the slender and little curved dactylus; second 
two and a third times, third twice, and fourth one and three-fifths 
times, as long as carapace; second, third, and fourth dactyli equally 
curved, the second perceptibly longer; second propodus nearly three 
times as long as its dactylus, third and fourth propodites nearly one 
and three-fourths times their respective dactyli. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 59 


Measurements.—Male, holotype, length (perhaps incomplete) of 
carapace 20.5, width 18 mm. 

Range.—Known only from off Abreojos Point, Lower California; 
lat. 26° 16’ 15’’ N.; long. 113° 42’ 15’’ W.; 58 fathoms; gy. S. brk. 
Sh.; temp. 56° F.; April 10, 1889; station 3044, Albatross; 1 male 
holotype (17331). 


Genus INACHOIDES Milne Edwards and Lucas 


Xiphus Eypovux and Sovutnyet, Voy. Bonite, atlas, 1842 (?), pl. 1, figs. 1-6; 
type, Xiphus margaritifére Eydoux and Souleyet. 

Inachoides M1uNE Epwarpbs and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. l’Amér. Mérid., 
vol. 6, pt. 1, Crust., “1843,” p. 4; type, Inachoides microrhynchus Milne 
Edwards and Lucas.—Eypoux and Souvutryet, Voy. Bonite, vol. 1, 
pt. 2, 1842 (?), p. 219..%—Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, 
p. 432; Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., pt. 1, 1852, p. 83; pt. 2, 1853, p. 
1421.—A. Mintnr Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 198. 


Carapace longer than broad; cardiac, branchial, and gastric 
regions swollen. A preorbital spine may be present or absent. 
Postorbital tooth present, small, and pointing outward. Rostrum 
short and simple, with triangular base, terminating in a spine. 
Basal antennal article with an antero-external tooth; flagellum 
exposed from its insertion. Merus of outer maxillipeds cut at the 
antero-internal angle for insertion of palpus; antero-external angle 
rounded. Abdomen of male with six segments, of female with five. 
Chelipeds of male enlarged; palms swollen. Ambulatory legs slender, 
of medium length, first pair longest; subprehensile, the propodal 
segments more or less enlarged distally; dactyli curved, folding 
against the propodi. 

Restricted to America, on the west coast from Magdalena Bay, 
Lower California, Mexico, to Valparaiso, Chile, and on the east coast 
from the Gulf of Mexico (west coast of Florida) to Desterro, Brazil. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS INACHOIDES 
A!, Carapace with tubercles and granules. Antennal spines incurved at tip. 
microrhynchus, p. 60. 
A?®,. Carapace nearly smooth dorsally except for a cardiac tubercle. Postorbital 
spine minute. Antennal spines divergent__._.....____.__._____laevis, p. 61. 


Species on both sides of the continent: laevis. 





16 This synonymy is arranged in the sequence vouched for by Eydoux and Souleyet (Voy. Bonite, vol. 1, 
pt. 2, 1842 (7), p. 219), who, however, omit dates. It is obvious that the dates here given can not all be 
correct. 


60 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


INACHOIDES MICRORHYNCHUS Milne Edwards and Lucas 
Plate 22, figs. 1 and 2 


Xiphus margaritiféere Eypoux and Sovutryet, Voy. Bonite, atlas, 1842 (?) 
pl. 1, figs. 1-6 (type-locality, Cobija, Chile; type in Paris Mus.). 

Inachoides microrhynchus Minne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. 
YAmér. Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, Crust., 1843, p. 5; atlas, vol. 9, 1847, pl. 4, 
figs. 2-2m (type-locality, Chile; type in Paris Mus.).—Nico.uet, in Gay, 
Hist. Chile, Zool., vol. 3, Crust., 1849, p. 126 (micrornynchus).—MIERs, 
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 65.—RatuBon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 38, 1910, p. 538, pl. 36, fig. 1. 

Inachoides inornatus A. MiLNE Epwarps, Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 4, 
1873, p. 77 (type-locality, ‘les fles Viti; 1” type in Mus. Godeffroy, 
Hamburg).—OrtTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1893, p. 38. 


Diagnosis.—Carapace tuberculate and granulate. Postorbital 
tooth with anterior margin transverse. Antennal spines incurved at 
tip. Chelipeds longer than ambulatory legs. 

Deseription.— Cardiac region surmounted 
by a tubercle and perhaps a few granules, 
otherwise smooth. Gastric region with two © 
median tubercles, the anterior of which is the 
largest of a transverse row of five; each of the 
terminal tubercles of this row has usually a tu- 
berele in front of it. Branchial region with two 
irregular, longitudinal series of tubercles, one 
marginal, the other considerably higher and sep- 
arated from the first and from the inner border 
by asmooth space. Hepatic region with mar- 
ginal tubercles, a larger one at anterior angle. 
Rostrum triangular, longer than its width at 
base, acute, and with a shallow median sulcus 
in its posterior half. Orbital border elevated, 
Fic. 16—Inacnowes wicro- granulate, surmounted by a tubercle or blunt 

RHYNcHUS (18056), maxuu- tooth. Postorbital tooth triangular, its ante- 
ve rior border transverse or nearly so. 

Abdomen of both sexes medially carinate, a tubercle on the first 
segment in the old. Sternum of male sparsely granulate. Basal 
segment of antenna with two finely granulate crests meeting in an 
acute antero-external tooth visible at the sides of the rostrum. 
Mazxillipeds granulate. 

Chelipeds of male strong, about one and a half times length of 
carapace; palms swollen; fingers narrowly gaping except near the 
extremities; an enlarged tubercle near middle of fixed finger. Am- 
bulatory legs shorter than the chelipeds in adult males; upper sur- 


RSS 


*° This locality is an error; it should be Valparaiso; see Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1893, p. 38. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 61 


face of propodites terminating in a rounded lobe, produced beyond 
the articulation of the falciform dactyli. 

Color.—Bright bottle green (Edwards and Lucas). 

Measurements—Male (40463), length of carapace 17.7, width 
14mm. Male, type, length 30, width 21 mm. (Edwards and Lucas). 

Range.—Peru and Chile, as far south as Valparaiso. 

Material examined.— 

Bay of Sechura, Peru; dredged about half way between Bayovar 
and Matacaballa; 5 to 6 fathoms; Apr. 10, 1907; R. E. Coker, col- 
lector; 2 males, 1 female (40463), received from Peruvian Govern- 
ment. 

Paraca Bay, Peru; U. S. C. S. S. Hassler; 1 ovigerous female 
(2051, M. C. Z.). 

Caldera, Chile; U. S. C. S. S. Hassler; 1 male, 1 ovigerous female 
(1837, M. C. Z.). 

Valparaiso, Chile; U.S. C.S.S. Hassler, 1 male (1838, M. C. Z.); 
2 females (18056), purchased from Henry A. Ward; 1 male (Copen- 
hagen Mus.), obtained from Museum Godeffroy and labeled ‘“ J. 
inornatus.” 

INACHOIDES LAEVIS Stimpson 


Plate 22, figs. 3-6 


Inachoides laevis Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 
192 [64] (type-locality, Panama; cotype, Cat. No. 1247, M. C. Z.).—A. 
MitneE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 200. 

Inachoides forceps A. M1tNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 199, pl. 
33, figs. 4-4d (type-localities, Guiana, and Desterro, Brazil; types in 
Paris Mus.). 

Inachoides obtusus A. M1LnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 199, pl. 
33, figs. 3-3d (type-locality, Guadeloupe; type in Paris Mus.). 

Inachoides intermedius RatHBuN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 
57 (type-locality, off Rio de Janeiro; holotype, Cat. No. 19942, U.S.N.M.); 
Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 59. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace nearly smooth. Postorbital spine minute. 
Antennal spines divergent. Immovable finger of male arched down- 
ward at its middle. 

Description.—Body and appendages covered with a soft pubescence. 
Regions of carapace protuberant, rounded; cardiac region with a 
median tubercle; hepatic region produced to a submarginal, deflexed 
tubercle; a small tubercle on margin of branchial region, above 
base of cheliped; otherwise the regions are smooth. The rostrum 
has a triangular base and a styliform extremity as long as the base. 
Supraorbital arch furnished with a tubercle which may be acute or 
be altogether absent. Postorbital tooth or spine minute. On the 
infero-lateral regions, in front of the bases of the chelipeds, one or 
two branchial tubercles and one pterygostomian. 


62 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


The basal segment of the antenna has on its margins two ridges 
which anteriorly converge, and at its external angle an oblique spine 
or tooth visible from above; the marginal ridges may be smooth to 
the naked eye or more or less denticulate or spinulous. 

The maxillipeds have a longitudinal, denticulate ridge on the outer 
part of the ischium; antero-internal corner of merus projects sharply 
and obliquely forwards. 

Chelipeds of male long and heavy in comparison to the body; 
merus subcylindrical; palm stouter, increasing distally, margins 
convex, surface sparingly spinulous, spinules arranged more or less 
in rows, especially along the margins of the inner surface; both fingers 
curved, a larger tooth at base of the fixed finger, which is strongly 
bent down in male, leaving a narrow, oval gape. 





FIG. 17.—INACHOIDES LAEVIS, MALE (43023), RIGHT CHELA, 6.3 MM. LONG. @. INNER SIDE. b. OUTER 
SIDE. 


- 


The second, third, and fourth ambulatory legs are nearly the same 
length, the carpus and propodus are subequal to each other, and the 
dactylus falciform; first lez not much longer but slenderer, dactylus 
straighter. 

Sternum of male with a large tubercle on either side in front of 
the abdomen. 

Variations.—A most variable species. Differs in proportion of 
length to breadth of carapace, in length of rostrum, smoothness of 
carapace, in roughness of margins of basal article of antenna and 
size of tubercles on hand. See notes under “ Material examined.”’ 

Measurements.—Male, cotype, length of carapace 10.7, width 8.2, 
length of cheliped 22.8 mm. 

Range.—From west coast of Florida to Desterro, Brazil; from 
Magdalena Bay, Mexico, to Panama. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 63 


Material examined.— 

Deadmans Bay section, Florida; Fish Hawk; lat. 29° 37’ 00’’ N.; 
long. 83° 35’ 15’’ W.; 3.5 fathoms; S. G.; temp. 15° C.; December 6, 
1901; station 7206; 1 male, soft shell (47076). 

Pepperfish Key section, Florida; Fish Hawk; lat. 29° 08’ 45’’ N.; 
long. 83° 28’ 00’’ W.; 6.25 fathoms; S. G.; temp. 16° C.; November 
27, 1901; station 7170; 1 ovigerous female (47077). Antennal ridges 
denticulate. 

North Key section, Florida; Fish Hawk; lat. 28° 54’ 00’’ N.; long. 
83° 30’ 30’’ W.; 11 fathoms; R. Co. S.; temp. 17° C.; November 28, 
1901; station 7185; 1 male (47078); antennal ridges granulate. 

Off Northwest Channel, Florida; Fish Hawk; lat. 24° 44 ’50’’ N.; 
long. 81° 55’ 50’’ W.; 10.25 fathoms; hard, smooth; temp. 19° C.; 
February 24, 1902; station 7292; 1 ovigerous female (47079); no 
cardiac tubercle; antennal ridges distinctly denticulate. 

Jamaica; 1910; E. A. Andrews; 1 male, 1 female (43023); nearest 
approach to J. forceps, pl. 33, fig. 4, cited. 

Montego Bay; 1910; E. A. Andrews; 1 female (43022); antennal 
ridges faintly granulate. 

Mayaguez, Porto Rico; Jan. 19 and 20, 1899; Fish Hawk; 2 males, 
1 female (24185); small specimens; 3 large tubercles on hand, as in 
24186; antennal ridges slightly rough. 

Boqueron Bay, Porto Rico; Jan. 25 and 27, 1899; Fish Hawk; 3 
males, 1 female (24186); largest male, depressed tubercles on cardiac 
and gastric regions, 3 large tubercles on hand; nearest approach to J. 
obtusus, pl. 33, figs. 3 and 3d, cited. 

St. Thomas; 1915; C. R. Shoemaker collector; gift of Carnegie 
Institution: 1 male, from piles near town (50997), antennal ridges 
nearly smooth; 1 small female (55487); 1 ovigerous female (55488). 

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Dredged; 1876-77; R. Rathbun; 1 female, 
holotype of J. intermedius (19942) ; antennal ridges slightly roughened. 
Thayer Exped.; received 1865; 1 male, 4 ovigerous females (1833, 
M. C. Z.). Rat Island, Rio de Janeiro; U. S. C. S. S. Hassler; 2 
males, 3 ovigerotts females (1834, M. C. Z.). 

Lower California; Magdalena Bay; 1917; C. R. Orcutt; 1 female 
(50641) ; a sharp supraorbital tubercle; antennal ridges nearly smooth. 

Panama: Rey. J. Rowell; 1 male, cotype of J. laevis, received from 
Smithsonian Institution (1247, M. C. Z.). May, 1869; Dr. Sternberg; 
1 male (2044, M. C. Z.). 


64 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Genus ANASIMUS A. Milne Edwards 


Anasimus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 350; type, A. 
fugax A. Milne Edwards; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo@él., vol. 8, 1880, p. 9.— 
RatTuBvun, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 58. 


Carapace pyriform or ovate, very convex, armed with spines; 
rostrum simple, pointed, ascending. Eyes large. Postorbital spine 
usually prominent. Supraorbital spine present. Basal article 
of outer antenna long and narrow, terminating in a spine. Exognath 
of outer maxillipeds broad posteriorly, very narrow anteriorly; 
merus of endognath narrow at its base, deeply cut at its antero- 
internal angle for insertion of palpus, and strongly auriculate behind 
insertion. Sternum forming a considerable angle with the plane 
of the maxillipeds. Chelipeds of moderate length, the palms swollen 
in male; fingers long and slender, of nearly equal length and more 
than twice the length of carapace; dactyli long. 

Inhabits the Atlantic coast of America from South Carolina to 
Cape Frio, Brazil. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS ANASIMUS 


A!, Carapace much longer than broad. 
B!. Three spines in longitudinal row on branchial region. Interantennular 


TOotnewell ie Vel Opes ste soos wees abe eee are eet eee a fugax, p. 64. 

B?. Two spines in a longitudinal row on branchial region. Interantennular 
toothrshallo wes. 2 SR aoe IR ee, hE latus, young, p. 65. 

A®, Carapace nearly as broad as long, subcireular____________ latus, old, p. 65. 


ANASIMUS FUGAX A. Milne Edwards 


Plate 23, figs. 5 and 6; plate 211 

Anasimus fugaz A. MiLNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 350, pl. 31 
A, figs. 1-1d (type-localities, near Santa Cruz, 115 fathoms, and near Bar- 
bados, 56 and 82 fathoms; cotype from Santa Cruz in Paris Mus.; 2 
cotypes from Barbados in M. C. Z.); Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo@l., vol. 8, 1880, 
p. 9.—Ratuesven, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), 
p. 59 (part).— A. M1tnr Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., 
vol. 47, 1923, p. 366, text-fig. 16. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace much longer than broad.» A longitudinal 
series of three spines on branchial region. Interantennular tooth 
well developed. 

Description.—Three erect median spines on carapace, one gastric, 
one cardiac of equal size, one intestinal, smaller. A spine on first 
article of abdomen. Protogastric lobes each armed with a spine, 
three spines or tubercles in a longitudinal series on branchial regions. 
Surface of carapace irregularly granulate, rostrum short and spinu- 
lous above. Supraorbital border armed with a spine. Basal article 
of antenna with a spine near its middle pointing obliquely downward 
and forward; flagellum long. Interantennular septum prolonged in 
a strong triangular tooth. Chelipeds of male feeble, clothed with 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 65 


stiff, distant hairs; merus armed with some small spines; fingers in 
contact throughout their length. Ambulatory legs cylindrical, 
smooth, first and second of equal length, third and fourth a little 
shorter; all have the dactylus and part of the propodus thinly fringed 
with hair. Sternum and abdomen granulate; a spine on first seg- 
ment of abdomen; abdomen of female very wide. 

Variations.—A Porto Rican male in the National Museum differs 
as follows from the type described above: Instead of an intestinal 
spine there is a very low tubercle; instead of three branchial spines 
there is only one, which is in the middle of the region; before and be- 
hind it there is a very low tubercle. Postorbital spine more slender 
than in the figured type. Besides the two spines on the anterior half 
of the basal article of the antenna, there is a third one behind the 
eye. The carpus and the outer margin of the merus of the chelipeds 
bear some good-sized spines; manus oval-globular, thicker than in 
Edwards’s figure 1. The chelipeds of the type male are described 
as ‘‘ faibles,”’ but they are stout in the figure cited. The dactyl of the 
ambulatory leg is armed below with very small, sharp spinules, visible 
only with a strong lens. 

Measurements.—Male, type, length of carapace 13, width 9, total 
width of animal with legs extended 75 mm. (A. M. E.). Male 
(24222) length 7.6, width 5.1mm. Female cotype (2888), length 15, 
width 11mm. Male cotype (2889), length 14.6, width 8.7 mm. 

Range.—From Porto Rico to Cape Frio, Brazil. Depth 35 to 115 
fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Porto Rico: Mayaguez Harbor; Port del Algarrobo, E. by N. 4 N., 
534 m.; 97 to 120 fathoms; Co.; temp. 24° C.; January 20, 1899; 
station 6076, Fish Hawk; 1 male (24222). 

Off Barbados; March 9, 1897; Blake: Lat. 13° 13’ 55’’ N.; long. 
59° 38’ 50’ W.; 56 fathoms; Co.S. brk. Sh.; temp. 74.5° F.; station 
292; 1 female cotype (2888, M. C. Z.). Lat. 13° 14’ 23’’ N.; long. 
59° 39’ 10’’ W.; 81 fathoms; Co. S. brk. Sh.; temp. 64.5° F.; 
station 293; 1 male cotype (2889, M. C. Z.). 

Off Cape Frio, Brazil; 35 fathoms; U.S. C.S.S. Hassler; 1 male 
(1836, M. C. Z.). 


ANASIMUS LATUS Rathbun 
Plate 214 
Anasimus latus RaTHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 58 (type 
locality, Gulf of Mexico, station 2378, Albatross; holotype, Cat. No. 9656, 
U.S. N. M.); Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 254, 
pl. 2, figs. 2-5. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace nearly as broad as long in the old, narrower 
in the young. A longitudinal series of two spines or tubercles on 

branchial region. Interantennular tooth shallow. 


66 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Description.—Carapace broadly ovate, elevated on median line, 
posterior half semicircular, anterior half broadly triangular; surface 
covered with unequal granules; four median spines, two gastric, the 
posterior the larger, one large cardiac spine, one small, backward- 
pointing intestinal spine; also a long, acuminate spine directed back- 
ward at the distal end of the first abdominal segment; the anterior of 
the median gastric spines is one of a transverse row of five; in front of 
the end spines of this row are two longer and sharper; on the branchial 
region are three small spines or tubercles forming a triangle; three 
antero-lateral spines, one hepatic, and two branchial above base of 
cheliped. Rostrum short, broadly triangular at base, ending in a 
short, sharp, upturned spine, medially carinate. Supraorbital spines 
prominent, separated by a depression; postorbital spines long, ex- 
ceeding eye in large specimens. Antenna short, exceeding rostrum 
but little; the basal article has, beside its terminal spine, a stout 
spine pointing downward and forward in front of eye; peduncle not 
attaining end of rostrum. The pterygostomian region has a row of 
spines and spinules continued to antennal segment and including a 
long spine at angle of buccal cavity. Sternum of male coarsely 
granulate; abdomen of female with a median tubercle on third and 
fourth segments. 

Chelipeds of male a little more than twice length of carapace; 
ischium, merus and carpus granulate; merus cylindrical; palm swollen, 
shorter than fingers, and covered with fine scattered granules; digits 
slender, curved inward, gaping at base only, where there is an en- 
larged tooth on the dactyl. Chelipeds of female a little longer than 
carapace, much smaller than in male; fingers not gaping. Legs long, 
slender, cylindrical, roughened, except.on the dactyls, with numerous 
short, stout, appressed spimules; propodi and dactyli with a double 
fringe of hair. 

The young are narrower, rostrum and dorsal spines longer, postor- 
bital spine very small and pointing directly outward, and in speci- 
mens 9 mm. long and less this spine is scarcely more than a tubercle. 

Measuremenis.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 25.5, width 24, 
length of cheliped 58, of first leg 106 mm. Young male (18122), 
length of carapace 10.5, width 8.7 mm. 

Range.—¥ rom South Carolina to Florida Keys and Gulf of Mexico; 
West of Trinidad. Depth, 26 to 88 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table page 67. 


67 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 


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68 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Genus ERILEPTUS Rathbun 


Erileptus RaTHBuN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 226; type, 
E. spinosus Rathbun. 

Carapace pyriform, convex, regions well defined; rostrum simple, 
slender; postorbité# and supraorbital spines present. Sexes differing 
in shape of carapace, postorbital spine and cheliped. Basal article 
of antennae long and narrow, with spine at distal end. Antero- 
internal lobe of ischium of outer maxilliped large and strongly 
advanced; merus subtriangular, the anterior margin the longest; 
outer, or principal, margin of next article nearly as long as outer 
margin of merus and almost straight until near distal end where it 
forms an elbow; terminal article unusually long. Chelipeds of male 
extremely long. Ambulatory legs very slender, decreasing in length 
from first to fourth pair and in male much shorter than chelipeds. 

Contains only one species. 


ERILEPTUS SPINOSUS Rathbun 


Plates 212 and 213 

Erileptus spinosus Ratusun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 227 
(type-locality, off San Diego, California, 36 fathoms, station 2934, Alba- 
tross; holotype, Cat. No. 17341, U.S.N.M.); Harriman Alaska Exped., 
vol. 10, 1904, p. 171, pl. 10, fig. 1—Houtmes, Occas. Papers California 
Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 21.—Werymouts, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. 
Ser., No. 4, 1910, p. 27, pl. 3, fig. 7. 

Anasimus rostratus RatTuBuN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 227 
(type-locality, NW. of Cerros Island, Lower California, 58 fathoms, 
station 2983, Albatross; (holotype, Cat. No. 17340, U.S.N.M.); Harriman 
Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 171, pl. 10, fig. 4-Wxrymourtn, Stanford 
Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser., No. 4, 1910, p. 27. 

Anasimus spinosus Scumitt, Univ. California Publ. in Zool., vol. 23, 1921, 
p. 196, text-fig. 121. 

Description—Male: Carapace behind the rostrum equilaterally 
triangular, and spinous, as follows: Two median spines, one gastric, 
the other cardiac; one long branchial spine, with a small spine or 
spinule considerably in front of it and two or three small spines on the 
outer margin; a strong marginal hepatic spine; two very small spines 
arranged transversely on the gastric region, well in advance of the 
median spine; a slender spine on orbital arch. Rostrum slender, 
about one-half as long as postrostral portion of carapace, margins 
spinulous. Postorbital spine very small, sometimes tuberculiform, 
at some distance behind eye. A spine on first abdominal segment. 
Abdomen and sternum granulate, segments of sternum separated by 
deep grooves. Antero-external lobe of merus of maxillipeds bent 
strongly downward. 

Chelipeds three or four times as long as carapace, slender, granu- 
late; arm with a row of spinules along inner side and a spine at superior 


69 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 





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70 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


distal end; hand slender, slightly compressed, increasing very little 
in width toward distal end; fingers from a third to a fourth as long 
as palm, arched, gaping narrowly in basal half. Legs much shorter 
than chelipeds, decreasing regularly in length from first to fourth; 
fourth leg a little more than half length 
of first; dactyls minutely spinulous. 

Female: Smaller than male and of 
very different shape, the carapace being 
broader anteriorly and narrower poste- 
riorly; it lacks the long neck of the 
male, the postorbital spine is longer 
and not far behind the eye, the hepatic 
region is more prominent laterally and 
the branchial region less so. Rostrum 
shorter than in male, about one-fourth as 
long as postrostral portion of carapace. 
Abdomen densely granulate except in 
the depressions either side of the median 
elevation. Chelipeds one and a_ third 
times as long as carapace and shorter 
\x\ «" than the first pair of ambulatory legs; 

fingers nearly as long as palm. 
nae Ree ee MALE Measurements.—Male (53957), length 
of carapace 11.5, width 7.8, length of 

cheliped 41 mm. Female (17340), length of carapace 7.5, width 5, 
length of cheliped 10 mm. 

Range.—From Santa Rosa Island, California, to Abreojos Point, 
Lower California, Mexico. Depth, 21 to 58 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page, 69. 





Genus OREGONIA Dana 


Oregonia Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, pp. 270 and 431; 
type, O. gracilis Dana; U.S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, 
p. 105; pt. 2, 1853, p. 1421. 

Carapace subtriangular or suboblong, moderately convex and 
tuberculate; a large postorbital, but no preorbital spine; rostral 
spines slender. Antennae visible in dorsal view at sides of rostrum, 
basal article narrow. Merus of maxillipeds distally truncate, bear- 
ing the palpus at its antero-internal angle. Chelipeds in male 
much elongated, somewhat enlarged; palm long, compressed and ° 
distally widened. Ambulatory legs of moderate length, slender, 
and decreasing regularly in length. Abdomen composed of seven 
distinct segments. 

Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean. Shallow water to 764 
fathoms. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 71 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS OREGONIA 


Al. Rostral aorns long, parallel, contiguous. Supraorbital arch prominently 
angled at posterior end. Body, including rostrum, subtriangular. 

gracilis, p. 71. 

A?, Rostral horns short, divergent. Supraorbital arch not prominent nor angled 

pocperiariy. ody subobleng-——. .-..-..-2---..2..--.4.- bifurca, p. 79. 


OREGONIA GRACILIS Dana 
DECORATOR CRAB 


Plates 24 and 25 


Oregonia gracilis DaNa, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, p. 270 (type- 
locality, Puget Sound; cotype, Cat. No. 1232, M. C. Z.); U. S. Expl. 
Exped., vol. 13, Crust., part 1, 1852, p. 106; atlas, 1855, pl. 3, fig. 2a—c.— 
RatTuBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, Be y Harriman Alaska 
Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 171—Dortern, S.B., K. Abh. Bayer. Akad. 
Wiss., math.-phys. Klasse, vol. 29, 1899, p. 183. Sat Occas. Papers 
Cahora Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 19.— Way, Puget Sd. Mar. Sta. Publ., 
vol. 1, 1917, p. 369, text-fig. 20 —Scumitt, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 
vol. 23, 1921, p. 198, text-fig. 122. 

Oregonia hirta Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, p. 270 (type- 
locality, Puget Sound; type not extant); U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, 
Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 107, pl. 3, fig. 3a—b. 

Oregonia longimana Spence Bate, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 663 
(type-locality, Esquimalt Harbor, B. C.; type in Brit. Mus.); Lord’s 
Naturalist in Brit. Columbia, vol. 2, 1866, e 267, plate facing p. 262, fig. 5. 

Diagnosis. —Rostral horns 
long, parallel, contiguous. 
Supraorbital arch prominently 
angled at posteriorend. Body, 
including rostrum, subtrian- 
gular. 

Description.—Surface  cov- 
ered with setae and bunches 
of longer hairs. Carapace un- 
evenly tuberculate; cardiac 
region somewhat depressed; 
hepatic region with a_ tuber- 
culate prominence below the 


Fic. 19.—Orgconia crac- margin. Postorbital spine re- 
LIS (17065), MAXILLIPED, 
x4 





Fic. 20.—OREGONIA 
GRACILIS, MALE 
mote from the eye, long,lanceo- 4705), anpomEN, X 


late, directed abliquely for- *” 
ward, and projecting laterally beyond the eye. Supraorbital 
border posteriorly dilated and terminating in a dentiform 
projection. Rostral horns contiguous, sometimes distally diver- 
gent, slightly arched, curving downward at the extremity, of variable 
length, often more than half the postfrontal portion of the carapace. 
Antennae long, often exceeding the rostrum. 








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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 79 


Chelipeds longer than the legs, the merus, carpus and upper margin 
of manus tuberculate. Fingers in adult male two-thirds to three- 
fourths as long as upper margin of palm, gaping in basal half, deflexed, 
lower margin of propodal finger convex; dactylus with a large tooth 
in the gape, fixed finger with a smaller tooth nearer the palm. In the 
ambulatory legs the carpus and dactylus are more than half as long 
as the propodus. 

Color.—Tan or gray, with dots and small markings of red; color, 
however, can not be seen until decorative material is removed. 
(Way.) 

Measurements.—Male (48833), length of carapace with rostrum 
65.7, length of rostrum 19, width of carapace 39 mm. 

Range-—From Bering Sea (Nunivak Island and Commander 
Islands) to Monterey Bay, California, and Honshu Island, Japan. 
Shallow water to 212 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, pages 72-78. 


OCREGONIA BIFURCA Rathbun 
Plates 26 —28 


Oregonia bifurca Ratupun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, 1902, p. 885 
(type-locality, North of Rat Island, Aleutians, 270 fathoms, station 3785; 
holotype, Cat. No. 25287, U. S. N. M.); Harriman Alaska Exped., 
vol. 10, 1904, p. 171, pl. 6, fig. 5. 


Diagnosis.—Rostral horns short, divergent. Supra-orbital arch 
not prominent nor angled posteriorly. Body sub-oblong. 

Description.—Body and appendages covered 
with soft downy hairs. Carapace wider ante- 
riorly than in O. gracilis, the width at base 
of postorbital spines about two-thirds of the 
branchial width. Tuberculation finer than in 
gracilis. Rostrum short, flat, horns divergent 
from their base, gradually tapering, acuminate. 
Postorbital spines similar in shape to the rostral 
horns, but shorter; they are directed more for- 
ward than in gracilis. 

Basal article of antenna with spinulous outer 
and inner margins and a stout antero-external 
spine. Lower margins of arm furnished with 
stout spines, upper margin with much smaller 5, 9) orgconia pirurca, 
spines. On the inner surface of the palm are four maze (40488), anpomen, X 
longitudinal rows of spinules, one just within the *” 
upper and the lower margins and one at the middle and below the 
middle. The fingers are nearly as long as the palm and gape ever so 
slightly in their basal two-fifths; at the base of the fixed finger an 





80 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


enlarged tooth fits into a hollow in the dactylus. The first ambula- 
tory leg may exceed the cheliped. 
Measurements—Male (46488), length of carapace including 
rostrum 33.7, length of rostrum 5, width of carapace 25 mm. 
Range.—Western part of Bering Sea. Depth 270 to 764 fathoms. 
Material ecamined.—See table, page 78. 


Genus EURYPODIUS Guérin 


Eurypodius Gutrin, Encye. Méth., Hist. Nat., Entom., vol. 10, 1825, p. 
700, footnote; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 16, 1828, p. 350; type, E. 
latreillii Guérin——MiLng Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 
283.—Dana, U.S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., part 1, 1852, p. 100.— 
Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, 1879, p. 646; Challenger Rept., 
Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 21. 


Carapace elongate-triangular, moderately convex, and spinous or 
tuberculate above; a distinct postorbital, but no preorbital spine. 
Spines of rostrum contiguous, at least in part of their length. Abdo- 
men seven-segmented. Antennae visible in dorsal view at sides of 
rostrum; peduncular articles slender. Merus of maxillipeds distally 
truncate, bearing the next article at its antero-internal angle. Cheli- 
peds of male well developed, with the palm compressed or turgid 
and the fingers distally acute. Ambulatory legs considerably 
elongate, with the penultimate articles more or less dilated and 
compressed; the dactyls slightly arcuate, shorter than the propodites 
and reflexible against their inferior margins. 


Contains not more than two species, inhabiting South American 


waters. 
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS EURYPODIUS 


Al, Rostrum almost horizontal, only slightly arched upward in the middle 


ofits lengthy Nosupraorbitalispimes2 — 2t2H28_ Sees eee latreillii, p. 80. 
A2, Rostrum of male inclined strongly upward (about 45°) from base to tips. 
AWSUPEAOTDILal Spine: Ses ot a ye longirostris, p. 83. 


Species on both sides of the continent: latrealli. 


EURYPODIUS LATREILLIT Guérin 
Plates 30, 31, and 215 


Eurypodius latreillii Guirin, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 16, 1828, 
p. 354, pl. 14 (type-locality, Iles Malouines [Falkland Islands]; typein Paris 
Mus.); Icon. Régne Anim. Cuvier, pl. 11, fig. 1 (female)—Mtine Ep- 
warps, Régne Anim. Cuvier, Crust., Disciples ed., pl. 34bis, fig. 1—Butt, 
Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 40—Dana, U.S. Expl. Exped., 
vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 104; atlas, 1855, pl. 3, fig. 1—CunnINGHAM, 
Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 27, 1871, p. 491.—Stessine, Proc. Zool. 
Soc. London, 1900, p. 527. 

Erypodius latreillia M1tnz Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 284. 

Eurypodius cuvieri Aupourn, in de Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., pl. H. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 81 


Eurypodius tuberculatus Eypoux and Soutryet, Voy. Bonite, Zool., vol. 1, 
pt. 2, 1842, p. 221, atlas, pl. 1, figs. 7-9 (type-localities, Chile and Peru; 
types in Paris Mus.). 

Eurypodius latreillia NicoteT, in Gay, Hist. Chile, vol. 3, 1849, p. 123. 

Eurypodius latreille)’ M1tne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. l’Amér. 
Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1848, p. 4.—Taraion1 Tozzrerri, Zool. Magenta, 
vol. 1, 1877, p. 9, pl. 1, figs. 14-20.—A. Mintnr Epwarps, Bull. Mus. 
Comp. Zoél., vol. 8, 1880, p. 10.—Mrkrs, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, 
p. 64; Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 22.—CourTimre, Bull. 
Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 6, 1900, p. 238 (two forms of male).—LENz, 
Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. 5, 1902, p. 755.—LaGcrerpere, Schwed. Siidpolar 
Exped., 1901-1903, vol. 5, Lief. 7, Anom. u. Brach., 1905, p. 17. 

Eurypodius audouinii Minne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. 
Amér. Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, 18438, p. 3 (type-locality, Chile; type in 
Paris Mus.); vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 1—Nuicount, in Gay, Hist. Chile, vol. 
3, 1849, p. 123.— Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, 
p. 104.—CunnINGHAM, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 27, 1871, p. 491. 

Eurypodius septentrionalis Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, p. 
270 (type-locality, Nassau Bay, Fuegia; types not extant); U. S. Expl. 
Exped., vol. 18, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 101; atlas, 1855, pl. 2, fig. 6a-d.— 
CuNNINGHAM, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 27, 1871, p. 491. 

Eurypodius brevipes Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, p. 270 
(type-locality, Nassau Bay, Fuegia; types not extant); U. S. Expl. 
Exped., vol. 18, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 103; atlas, 1855, pl. 2, fig. 7a-—c.— 
CuNNINGHAM, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 27, 1871, p. 491. 

Paramithrax peronii? Taraiont Tozzetrri, Atti Soc. Ital., Milan, vol. 15, 
1872, p. 2; not P. peronii Milne Edwards. 

Eurypodius danae Taratont Tozzett1, Zool. Magenta, vol. 1, 1877, p. 15 
(type-locality, Valparaiso; type not extant). 

Eurypodius audouini Tarcioni Tozzerti, Zool. Magenta, vol. 1, 1877, p. 16, 
pl. 1, figs. 1-3, 7, 9, 12, 13, 21. 

Diagnosis.—Rostrum almost horizontal. Supraorbital margin with- 
out spine. Carapace wide, length without rostrum less than one and 
a fourth times its width. 

Deseription.—Surface pubescent. Carapace rough with tubercles 
and short spines; five median spines: two gastric, one genital, one 
cardiac, and one above the posterior margin. Branchial region 
surmounted by a spine, from which a row of smaller spines extends 
obliquely to the inner angle; margin anteriorly spinous; a spine 
near the antero-external angle, from which an irregular row extends 
backward above the margin. Hepatic region with a spine near the 
inner angle and one or two on the margin. Gastric region with a 
stout marginal spine behind the postorbital spine, and a dorsal row of 
spinules extending forward to each rostral horn. Many of these 
spines may be replaced by tubercles; there are two tubercles side 
by side on the genital and the intestinal regions. 

Rostral horns stout, tapering distally, contiguous, usually less than 
one-third the length of postrostral portion of carapace, curving 
downward toward the tips. The horns may have a buttonhole 
interspace or may be slightly divergent in the terminal portion. 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 83 


A strong, spine-pointed, interantennular tooth. Orbital arch un- 
armed. A conical spine or tubercle on first segment of abdomen. 

Merus and carpus of chelipeds tuberculate and spinous; merus 
triangulate, more or less swollen, upper margin spinous, the row of 
spines continued on the carpus. Manus roughly granulate, either 
wide and swollen or narrow and compressed (a less developed form) ; 
fingers gaping for more than half their length, dactylus with a large 
tooth midway of its length; immovable finger with a smaller basal 
tooth; these teeth are much reduced in the narrow form of manus. 
The two forms of cheliped are found in individuals of the same size 
and from the same locality. 

The propodus of the ambulatory legs usually greatly exceeds in 
length the carpus, but occasionally the carpus nearly equals or even 
exceeds the propodus. The latter is dilated below: and the distal 
half of this expansion, where the dactylus closes, is margined with a 
thick fringe of hair. The dactylus, as a rule, is more than half the 
length of the propodus. 

Color.—Greenish brown (Guérin). General color, light green; 
lateral portions of carapace and feet covered with a grayish down 
(Milne Edwards and Lucas). 

Measurements.—Male (21887), length of carapace including rostrum 
69, length of rostrum 12, width of carapace 51.6 mm. 

Variation. —Extromely variable, especially as to length and direc- 
tion of horns, prominence and sharpness of tubercles and spines, 
amount of pubescence, development of chelipeds of adult male, and 
relative length of carpus and propodus of legs. In the young and 
immature the horns are more horizontal than in the old and are more 
likely to diverge towards the tips; as they grow the horns gradually 
arch upward, the tips get in contact or occasionally overlap. 

Range.—From Peru to Strait of Magellan and northward to Rio 
de Janeiro (Bell); Falkland Islands. Depth, 4 to 77.5 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 82. 


EURYPODIUS LONGIROSTRIS Miers 
Plate 35, figs. 1 and 2 


Eurypodius longirostris Mirrs, Challenger Rept., vol. 17, 1886, p. 23, pl. 5, 
figs. 1, la (type-locality, ‘‘off the coast of Chiloe,” lat. 50° 08’ 30’ S., 
long. 74° 41’ 00’ W., 175 fathoms, station 308 18; type in Brit. Mus.).— 
STEBBING, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1900, p. 527. 

Euripodius longirostris Murray, Challenger Rept., Summary, pt. 2, 1895, 
p. 1152. 


Diagnosis.—Rostrum of male inclined strongly upward. Supra- 


orbital margin armed with a spine. Carapace narrow, length with- 
out rostrum one and a fourth times its width. 
18 “Off the coast of Chiloe”’ is an error, as station 308 is much farther south, off northeastern end of Madre 


Island. See Challenger Summary, part 2, 1895, p. 1149. The error was due to a mix-up with station 303; 
see Summary, p. 1138. 


84 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Description.—Distinguished by the remarkably reflexed rostrum 
of the male, which is bent upward at an angle of nearly 45° to the 
front, with the spines laterally divergent toward their apices. Body 
and limbs thinly pubescent, carapace narrow in proportion to its 
length, with the spines disposed as commonly in specimens of E. 
latreilliit of the same size and sex, as, for instance, two upon the 
gastric, one upon the cardiac, one on each branchial region and one 
on the posterior margin, besides some smaller granules on the sides 
of the hepatic and branchial regions. There is a small spine on the 
upper margin of the orbit; also a postocular spine. The spines of 
the rostrum considerably exceed half the length of the carapace," 
the spines are contiguous at the base, but in the distal third of their 
length they curve laterally and outward; there is a strong spine on 
the interantennular septum. [Eyes, antennae, and maxillipeds of 
same form as in F. latreillii. The chelipeds have, as in the young 
males of that species, the palms not turgid but compressed, the 
fingers acute, without teeth, and without any intramarginal hiatus 
when closed; the merus and carpus have a few distant granules on 
their upper margins. The ambulatory legs of the single male are 
very imperfect, but they were evidently slender and considerably 
elongated, with the penultimate articles a little larger than the 
preceding and very little dilated. 

An immature female from the same locality has the rostrum 
scarcely at all reflexed and somewhat shorter, with the spines less 
divaricate at the apex; the chelipeds and legs clothed with a denser 
pubescence; the latter much less elongated. This specimen, though 
distinguished by the narrower carapace and more elongated rostrum, 
much more nearly resembles typical £. latreilii than does the male.” 
(Miers.) 

Measurements.—Length of carapace to base of rostrum, about 19; 
length of rostrum about 11; width of carapace a little over 15, length 
of cheliped nearly 32 mm. (Miers.) 

Range.—Knownti only from the type-locality, inland waters of 
western Patagonia (or Magallanes Territory, Chile), off northeastern 
end of Madre Island, Wide Channel, lat. 50° 08’ 30’’ S., long. 74° 
41’ 00’’ W., 175 fathoms, blue mud, January 5, 1876, station 308, 
Challenger; 1 male (type), 1 female (Brit. Mus.). 


Genus EUCINETOPS Stimpson 


Eucinetops Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 191 

[63]; type, #. lucasit Stimpson.—A. Miune Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 

1875, p. 119.—Minzrs, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, 1879, p. 644.— 
RatTuHBunN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 55. 

Carapace oblong. Rostrum small, bifid, little deflexed. Eyes 
very long, reaching much beyond the margins of the carapace. 


19 This is not borne out by Miers’s fig. 1, pl. 5. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 85 


Orbits small, inclosing only base of eye peduncles; external angle 
acute, spiniform; superior margin with one fissure, without teeth 
and spines. Antennular fossae not deep, round, margins obtuse. 
Basal article of external antennae small, armed at external angle 
with a minute tooth or spine; movable part depressed, first and second 
articles very broad. Epistome very short or wanting. Buccal cavity 
very broad anteriorly. Merus of outer maxillipeds subtriangular, 
outer front angle prominent, distal margin longest; palpus very short 
and stout, terminal article much narrower than the others. 

Found sparingly on the west coast of Mexico and Panama, and in 
the Bahamas and West Indies.” 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS EUCINETOPS 


A!. Rostral horns long and narrow. 
B!. Rostral horns blunt at tips. Fingers of male gaping__-____-_-_- lucasii, p. 85. 
B?. Rostral horns acute at tips. Fingers of male not gaping__rubellula, p. 86. 
A’. Rostral horns short and broad, tipped with a small spine. 
B!, Eyes reaching beyond postocular tooth by little more than length of 
ennnese> oti ogra viasoin wijety. sooyop _(nlen panamensis, p. 87. 
B?. Eyes reaching beyond postocular tooth by half their length_blakiana, p. 88. 


Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: blakiana 
(Atlantic); panamensis (Pacific). 


EUCINETOPS LUCASII Stimpson 


Eucinetops lucasii Strmpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, 
p. 191 [63], female, not pl. 2, fig. 3, male (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; 
type not extant).—A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 119. 

Peltinia longioculis LockineTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 
(1877), p. 76 [14] (type-locality, Lower California; type not extant). 


Diagnosis —Horns blunt. Fingers of male gaping. Transorbital 
width lgss than half greatest width of carapace in male. 

Description of female.— Body and feet hairy above. Carapax 
oblong, subquadrate, with very uneven surface, not granulated, 
much depressed between the branchial and hepatic regions; gastric 
region strongly prominent, with three small tubercles in a transverse 
row across the middle. Protuberant parts of frontal region clothed 
with curled hairs. Horns of the rostrum bluntly rounded at the 
extremities. Lateral margins of the carapax without teeth or spines. 
Feet moderate, cylindrical, unarmed. Inferior surfaces short- 
pubescent, not densely so.’’ (Stimpson.) 

Description of male.—‘ Posterior portion of carapax broadly trian- 
gular, post-orbital spine expanded, trans-orbital width rather less 
than half the greatest width; rostrum short, stout, bifid. Stomachal 
region prominent. Fixed joint of external antenne emarginate at 


20 Eucinetops ? stimpsoni Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hists, ser. 5, vol. 4, 1879, p. 3, is probably not a true 
Lucinetops, but may be called Anacinetops as Miers suggested. 


5487—251——8 


86 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


apex, the outer tooth acute, not longer than.the inner. Peduncles of 
eyes about equal in length to the distance between the eyes. First 
pair of feet about equal in length to the second and to the length of 
the body; meros tuberculate; hand thin, broad, smooth, marbled; 
fingers touching at the extreme tip only; a tooth on the inside of 
the movable finger near its base. Four hinder pairs short, slender, 
cylindrical, setose, except the tarsus, which is smooth and shining, 
like the manus of the first pair. Carapax and abdomen tomentose 
above and below.’ (Lockington.) 

Measurements.—Female, type of EL. lucasii, length of carapace 0.36 
inch (9.1 mm.), width 0.27 inch (6.8 mm.). (Stimpson.) 

Male, type of Peltinia longioculis, length and width of carapace 
nearly equal, about 8 mm. (Lockington.) 

Remarks.—In a manuscript note in reference to P. longioculis, 
Lockington says: “Stimpson’s description of Eucinetops lucasit 
agrees closely with this. He describes a female, but figures a male 
specimen which he states may not unlikely be of a different species. 
My specimen (male) agrees pretty closely with his description of 
the female, but not with the figure.” 

Range.—Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico. 


EUCINETOPS RUBELLULA Rathbun 
Plate 219, fig. 6 


Eucinetops lucasit Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, 
p. 192 [64], male, pl. 2, fig. 3, not E#. lucasii, female. 

Eucinetops rubellula RatHBuN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 36, 1923, 
p. 73 (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico; type 
not extant). 


Diagnosis.—Horns acute. Fingers of male not gaping. Red spot 
on dactyls of ambulatories. 

Description of male.—Compared to the female of £. lucasis, it is 
smaller and narrower,”! with the horns of the rostrum acutely pointed, 
and the external antenna narrower, with the external angle of the 
first movable article considerably produced. Chelipeds large, much 
compressed and crested; carpus with two slight crests confluent 
posteriorly in a projecting angle or point; hand rather broad, flat, 
tapering to the slender fingers, not gaping. Dactyli of ambulatory 
legs much shorter than in female lucasz. (Stimpson.) 

Color.—Apparently pale orange; a distinct red patch on dactyli of 
ambulatory feet at middle. (Stimpson.) 

Measurements.—Stimpson does not give any, but according to his 
figure, which is twice natural size, the length of the carapace to tips 


21 The statement of narrower body is not sustained by the figure, when compared with the measurements 
of the female type of Z. lucasii. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 87 


of horns is 8 mm., length on median line to base of horns, 6.7 mm., 
width of carapace 6.2 mm. 

Range.—Known only from Stimpson’s description of the type- 
specimen, which no longer exists.* 


EUCINETOPS PANAMENSIS Rathbun 
Plate 23, figs. 3 and 4 


Eucinetops panamensis RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 36, 1923, 
p. 73 (type-locality, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama; holotype, Cat. No. 
2040, M. C. Z.). 
Diagnosis.—Rostral horns widely separated, tipped with a spine. 
Carapace tuberculate. Eyes extending slightly beyond postorbital 
tooth. 





a b 


Fic. 22.—EUCINETOPS PANAMENSIS, MALE (55120). a. LEFT CHELA, X 24. b. RostRuUM, X 17.6: 


Description.—Carapace high on the median line where it is strongly 
tuberculate; three large tubercles cover the cardiac region while a 
smooth oblong tubercle forms a bridge to the gastric region; a large, 
median intestinal tubercle. Branchial 
regions also tuberculate. Lateral angle 
marked by a small but strong spine; 
antero-lateral margin nearly straight, 
tuberculate, interrupted slightly between 
the hepatic and branchial regions. Ros- 
trum one-third as wide as the fronto- 
orbital distance, divided less than half 
way into two shallow triangular teeth, 
each tipped with a small sharp curved 
spine. Postocular tooth large, triangu- 
lar, almost equilateral, obliquely up- 
turned. Eyes exceeding postocular tooth 
by little more than length of cornea; 
stalks not tapering. First movable Bea Fia. 23.—EUCINETOPS PANAMENSIS, MALE 
ment of antenna very large, as wide as (55120), MAXILLIPED, X 29.5 
half the rostrum, furnished on its antero- 
external margin with a row of long hairs. 

Chelipeds shorter than next leg, chelae tapering distally, fingers 
narrowly gaping in proximal half. Ambulatory legs hairy; dactyli 

. strongly curved, terminating in long, pale, horny spines. 





88 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace to tip of horns 
10.5, width including spines 8.5 mm. 

Range.—Gulf of California, Mexico, to Panama. 

Material examined.— . 

San Francisquito Bay, Lower California; beach; April 9, 1911; 
Albatross; 1 male, soft shell (56219). 

Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama; S. W. Garman; 1 male (holotype) 
and 1 female (2040, M. C. Z.), 1 male (55120, U.S.N.M.). 


EUCINETOPS BLAKIANA Rathbun 
Plate 23, figs. 1 and 2 


Eucinetops blakiana Ratusun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 19, 1896, p. 141 
(type-locality, Port Royal, Jamaica; holotype, Cat. No. 19405, 
U.S. N. M.); Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897, p. 4; Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. 
State Uniy. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 252; Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., vol. 20, 
for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 55. 





Fig. 24.—EUCINETOPS BLAKIANA (19405). a. RIGHT CHELA OF MALE, X 35. 6b. ROSTRUM OF FEMALRF, X 20 


Diagnosis.—Rostral horns broad, triangular, tipped with a spine. 
Fingers of male not gaping. Carapace width behind postorbital 
spine three-fourths of branchial width. 

Description.—Antero-lateral margins slight- 

J/ | ly converging anteriorly, nearly straight. Sur- 
/ face uneven; median regions elevated, hepatic 
. x | region depressed, separated from branchial by 
pee \I | a deep hollow and a marginal sinus. Antero- 
lateral margin tuberculate, a spinule at pos- 

tero-lateral angle; a few additional tubercles 
on upper surface of branchial region and on 
intestinal region. Front depressed, with two 
triangular, rounded lobes, tipped with a 
small, sharp, upturned spine and separated 
by a V-shaped sinus. Outer orbital tooth 
longer than broad, acute, upturned, separated 
Fic. 25.—Evcinetors siaxtana, from upper margin of orbit by a narrow, 
Ou” rounded sinus. Hye-stalks filling orbit, taper- 
ing to near cornea; tip slightly enlarged. 

Antero-external lobe of first movable article of antennae moderately 
developed, a tooth at outer angle, not reaching end of rostrum. 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 89 


Abdomen composed of seven free segments in both sexes; in the male 
constricted at fifth segment; sixth segment with convex lateral out- 
lines; seventh rounded, broader than long. Chelipeds small, smooth; 
and shining; merus subtrigonal; carpus with a tubercle above, near 
merus; hands compressed, margins converging toward fingers. Ambu- 
latory legs subcylindrical; dactyli very slender and much curved. 
Carapace and ambulatory legs clothed with hair. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, median length of carapace 4.4, 
Jength to tip of horns 4.7, width of carapace 3.3 mm. Female 
(19405), median length of carapace 5.9, length to tip of horns 6.3, 
width of carapace 5 mm. 

Range.—Bahama Banks; West Indies. 

Material examined.— 

Bahama Banks; 1893; State Univ. Iowa Exped. (specimen in 
SeWsl.). 

Port Royal, Jamaica; P. W. Jarvis; 1 male (holotype), 2 ovigerous 
females (19405). 

Arroyo, Porto Rico; February 4, 1899; Fish Hawk; 1 young female 
(24219). 


Genus ARACHNOPSIS Stimpson 


Arachnopsis Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 121; type, 
A. filipes Stimpson.— A. M1tne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 181. 


Carapace oblong, narrow, and somewhat truncated in front. 
Rostrum short, bifid. Orbital arch high, protuberant. Postocular 
lobe !ong, separated from the orbital arch by a deep, narrow fissure. 
Eye long, considerably overreaching the tip of the postocular lobe, 
but capable of being drawn back beneath it. Basal article of anten- 
nae with two spinulous crests on the inferior surface which meet 
anteriorly, the outer crest continued back to the angle of the buccal 
area; a small, sharp spine at extremity, pointing obliquely forward 
and outward, between which and the rostrum the long movable part 
of the antenna is exposed. Merus of maxillipeds broader than long, 
and with sharply prominent internal and antero-external margins. 
Ambulatory legs long, filiform, second pair longest; dactyls slightly 
curved, nearly as long as the penult article. The last three segments 
of the abdomen are coalesced in the female. 

Contains only one species. 


ARACHNOPSIS FILIPES Stimpson 
Plate 32, figs. 1 and 2; plate 219, figs. 4 and 5 


Arachnopsis filipes Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 121. 
(type-loealities, off Conch, Carysfort and French Reefs, Florida, 34 to 45 
fathoms; types not extant) —A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 
1878, p. 181; 1879, pl. 33, figs.1-1c; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, 
p. 6.—KENDALL, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 9, for 1889 (1891), p. 303.— 
RatTHBon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 57; Bull. Lab. Nat, 


90 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 253.—A. Mite Epwarps and 
Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 47, 1923, p. 370, pl. 11, fig. 1. 
* Dragnosis.—LKye long, slender. Postocular spine long, directed obli- 
quely forward. Rostrum short. Legs filiform, varying little in length. 
Description.—Body armed above with three erect, slender, blunt 
spines, one gastric, one cardiac, and the other on the first sezment 
of the abdomen; abdominal spine small, cardiac and gastric spines 
~ equal and about as long as the distance between 
the orbital arches; these last armed with aspinule. 
Carapace convex anteriorly, flattened posteriorly; 
surface smooth and glossy, naked, except for a 
few hairs on the anterior part of the branchial, 
the sides of the gastric, and the frontal region. 
Beneath, the subhepatic and pterygostomian 
regions are armed with spiniform granules. 
The triangular rostral teeth are widely separated 
at their tips by a shallow interspace, in which 
the sharp point of an interantennular tooth is 
visible in dorsal view. Antennae half as long as 
\ carapace. 
Chelipeds in male moderately enlarged, a little 
Fic. 26.—Aracuyorsis FIll- Jonger than carapace, much curved; edges of 
PES (15199), MAXILLIPED, . : f 
a ischium, merus and basal portion of propodus, 
and surface of carpus spinulous. Remainder of 
propodus smooth, upper and lower margins convex; fingers as long 
as palm, gaping except near tips; the largest prehensile tooth is on 
imniovable finger in middle of gape; just distad is an enlarged but 
still much smaller tooth on dactylus. 
Sternum, abdomen and maxillipeds granulate. 
Measurements.—Male (18117), length of carapace to extremity of 
rostral teeth 6.9, width of carapace 5.5 mm., length of ambulatory 
leg of second pair about 17 mm. 


NS 





Fiu. 27.—ARACHNOPSIS FILIPES, MALE (18117), LEFT CHELA, X 13.33 


Range.—South and west coasts of Florida; Dominica und Bar- 
bados. Depth, 15 to 130 fathoms. 
Material examined.—See table, page 91. 


91 


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92 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Genus AEPINUS Rathbun 


Apocremnus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 184; type, A. 
septemspinosus A. Milne Edwards. Name Apocremnus preoccupied by 
Fieber, Wien Ent. Monschr., vol. 2, 1858, p. 320, for a genus of Hemip- 
tera.—Atucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, p. 188. 

Aepinus RatTHBuN, Proce. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 163; 
substituted for A pocremnus. 


Carapace triangular, or pyriform, wide behind, narrow in inter- 
orbital region. Rostrum short, bifid. A strong supraocular spine 
and postocular tooth or spine which is close to the eye.”? Basal 
antennal article narrow, its antero-external angle forming a strong 
spine visible from above on either side of rostrum; remaining articles 
also visible. The maxillipeds completely close the buccal cavity, 
the ischium increases in width distally, the merus is as wide as or 
wider than the ischium. Chelipeds not much enlarged. Ambulatory 
legs short and slender, propodites distally thickened, dactyls capable 
of flexion against them. 

In the male the last two abdominal segments are fused; in the 
female the last three are typically fused. (In A. indicus they appear 
to be all separate.) 

Contains only two species, one on the Atlantic coast of middle 
America, the other in the Indian Ocean. Depth, 7 to 100 fathoms. 


AEPINUS SEPTEMSPINOSUS (A. Milne Edwards) 
Plate 32, figs. 3 and 4; plate 219, figs. 1-3 


Apocremnus septemspinosus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, 
p. 185, pl. 35, figs. 5-5d (type-locality, Florida Strait, lat. 24° 55’ N., 
long. 83° 25’ W., 37 fathoms; type, Cat. No. 2882, M. C. Z.); Bull. Mus. 
Comp. Zo6l., vol. 8, 1880, p. 7.—Mzusrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 
1886, p. 17. 

Aepinus septemspinosus RATHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, 
vol. 4, 1898, p. 254; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, part 2 
(1901), p. 54. 


Diagnosis.—Rostral projections lobiform. Seven dorsal capitate 
spines. <A postocular.tooth. 

Description.—The carapace and feet bear a few hooked hairs; 
carapace punctate. The seven capitate spines from which the species 
takes its name are situated on gastric, cardiac, and branchial regions, 
these four spines being large and subequal; on the first abdominal 
segment, spine shorter and directed obliquely backward; and on the 
orbital arches, spines considerably smaller. Gastric region narrow 
and high; in front of spine there are a few tubercles and, on the 
outer slope, a triangular laminate projection with an acute tip. A 








22 There is a small but distinct spine in A. indicus Alcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, pl. 4, 
fig. 2a, and Illus. Zool. Investigator, Crust., pt. 4, 1896, pl. 20, fig. 1a. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 93 


tubercle either side of cardiac spine; margin of branchial region 

tuberculate. Hepatic region steep, a granulate ridge running down 

to a laminate tooth on the margin. A triangular pterygostomian 

tooth. 

Front very short, formed of two rounded lobes separated by a 

narrow cut. The antennular cavities extend nearly to the extremity 

of the front and are separated by a partition 

developed inferiorly in a triangular tooth. 

Eyestalks short, with a flat upper surface, a 

tubercle on the anterior margin and another 

at the extremity in the emargination of the 

cornea. The postocular tooth is small and 

easily broken off; it is thin and, at its origin 

a little behind the orbit, is laid close to the 

carapace; it is directed first forward and then 

outward, close to the eye; viewed from behind 

it is subtriangular, viewed from below it is 

narrower. Basal article of antenna very deep, 

with a prominent crest below, which near the 

Fic. 28—Axpinvs sepremsrixo- ANterior end bifurcates, the longer, outer 

sus (15165), MaxiLureD, X98 branch continuing to epistome where it 

terminates in a lobe. The exognath of the maxillipeds has a tooth 
on its outer margin. 

Chelipeds slightly enlarged; longitudinal lines of granules or small 

tubercles on margins and between; palm narrow; fingers gaping 

slightly in their basal half in maie, the propodal finger hollowed out 





Fic. 29.—AEPINUS SEPTEMSPINOSUS, MALE (15165), LEFT CHELA, 3.3 MM. LONG 


in the gape. Merus, carpus and propodus of ambulatory legs a little 
thickened at middle; dactylus very slender, slightly curved and hairy 
with below a row of minute spinules. 

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the coxae of the chelipeds; and four minor crests opposite the ambu- 
latory legs; in the younger and less developed males the sterna] 
segments have transverse lines of granules. Abdomen of old 
female coarsely pitted, terminal portion tuberculate, a smooth 
median carina; in the smaller females the abdomen is granulate, 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


94 











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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA © 95 


Genus EUPROGNATHA Stimpson 
Euprognatha Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 2, 1871, p. 122; type, 
E. rastellifera Stimpson——A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, 
p. 182.—Mrnrs, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 14, 1879, p. 645.— 
RaATHBUN, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 57. 


Carapace pyriform. Rostrum short, with two small teeth or horns. 
Interantennular spine usually present, pointing forward and down- 
ward at a much lower level than rostrum. Basal antennal article 
narrowly triangular, with an outer and an inner granulate or dentate 
crest; armed at anterior extremity with a slender spine reaching 
forward as far or nearly as far as do the rostral horns; movable part 
of antennae exposed from its insertion. A spine or tubercle on orbital 
arch. Eye peduncle short, with a tubercle at the emargination of 
cornea. Postocular spine reaching beyond extremity of eye. Merus 
of external maxillipeds somewhat L-shaped, strongly produced beyond 
insertion. of palpus in front and at postero-inner angle. Abdomen 
of male with last two segments coalesced. 

Chelipeds with palms dilated; fingers in the male slightly gaping. 
Ambulatory legs of first pair much the longest, the others decreasing 
regularly in length. Dactyli long and slender, more than half the 
length of the propodal joints. These crabs are almost naked, the 
ambulatory legs with a few curled setae above. 

Restricted to American waters. Distributed on the Atlantic coast, 
from south of Nantucket (lat. 40° 13’ N.) to south part of 
Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies as far as Grenada and Barbados; 
and on the Pacific coast from Lower California, Mexico, to Panama. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS EUPROGNATHA 


A!, Interantennular spine present. 
B!. Antennal spines about equaling, or falling short of, the pair of rostral 
spines. 

C!. Interantennular spine long. Sternum forming a narrow border 
around postero-lateral portions of carapace. Antennal spines 
diverging anteriorly. Immovable finger without a noticeably 
enlarged tooth. 

D'. Gastric, cardiac and branchial regions each surmounted by a - 

tubercle. Legs without spinules___-_rastellifera marthae, p. 96. 

D?. Gastric, cardiac and branchial regions each surmounted by a spine. 
Legs spinulous above. 

E!. Dorsal spines stout. Legs finely and sparingly spinulous above. 

rastellifera, typical, p. 96. 

E?. Dorsal and other spines slender. Legs more spinulous. Cara- 

pace closely and finely roughened --_--rastellifera acuta, p. 96. 

C2, Interantennular spine very short. Sternum forming a wide border 

around postero-lateral portions of carapace------ gracilipes, p. 101. 

B?. Antennal spines considerably overreaching the pair of rostral horns. 
Anterior margins of postocular spines laciniated ___-_-_-_ granulata, p. 104. 

A?. Interantennular spine absent. Two spines on intestinal region. Gastric, 
cardiac and branchial regions each surmounted by a spine. 
Antennal spines as advanced as pair of rostral spines__------ bifida, p. 103. 


96 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF EUPROGNATHA ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT 


Atlantic Pacific 


GOSECD ORE Oe i a cig ele DN Ne ae > 
rastellifera marthae \oigia a. 


EUPROGNATHA RASTELLIFERA Stimpson 
EUPROGNATHA RASTELLIFERA MARTHAE, new subspecies 
EUPROGNATHA RASTELLIFERA ACUTA A. Milne Edwards 


Plate 33; plate 34, figs. 1 and 2; plate 35, figs. 3 and 4; plate 216 

Euprognatha rastellifera Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 2, 1871, 
p. 123 (type-locality, Florida Keys, 80 to 138 fathoms; type not extant).— 
A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 183 (Huprognata); 1879, 
pl. 33, figs. 2-2e; Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 7. — Smita, 
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 3, 1880 (1881), p. 415, and vol. 6, 1883, p. 9; 
Rept. U. 8S. Fish Commr. for 1882 (1884), p. 347, pl. 1, figs. 3 and 3a, 
and for 1885 (1886), p. 621.—Rartusun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 
1894, p. 55; Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, part 2 (1901), p. 58. 

Euprognatha inermis A. Miune Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 183, 
(Huprognata); 1879, pl. 35, figs. 2 and 2a (type-locality, Guadeloupe; 

type in Paris Mus.); Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 7.—A. 
Mitne Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 47, 1923, 
p. 374, text-fig. 17. 

Euprognatha acuta A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 348 
(type-localities, St. Kitts, St. Vincent, and Barbados, 84 to 208 fathoms; 
types, Cat. Nos. 2728, 2580, 2600, M. C. Z.); Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., 
vol. 8, 1880, p. 7.—A. Mitne Epwarps and Bouvirr, Mem. Mus. Comp. 
Zool., vol. 47, 1923, p. 376, pl. 11, fig. 3. 


Euprognatha rastellifera spinosa RatHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17; 
1894, p. 55 (type-locality, off Havana; holotype, Cat. No. 18108, U.S.N.M.). 
? Inachus cardenensis GuUNDLACH and TorraLpas, An. Acad. Habana, vol. 
36, 1899 (1900), p. 299, text-fig. (type-locality, Bay of Cardenas, 
Cuba; type in Mus. Habana?); reprint, 1917, pl. [1], fig. 3. 
Piragnosis.—Antennal spines nearly or 
quite as advanced as the front and directed 
obliquely forward. Interantennular spine 
equaling or surpassing the front. Four 
principal regions of carapace each  sur- 
mounted by a spine or tubercle. 
Description.—Carapace granulate, a tu- 
bercle or spine on the gastric, cardiac, and 
each branchial region and on supraorbital 
margin. Postorbital projection dentiform, 
tapering to a slender point. Frontal teeth 
short, spiniform or triangular; basal anten- 
-’ nal article terminating in a slender spine 
Fic. 30.-Eurrocnataa rasteu directed obliquely forward and equally ad- 
FERA MARTHAE (3350), MAxILLIPED, vanced with the front or nearly so. In- 
el terantennular spine inclined downward, 
equaling or surpassing the front. A few small spines on sides of 
branchial and on hepatic and pterygostomian regions. Sternum 
regularly granulated, except on concave portion between the chelipeds. 


ee 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 97 


Chelipeds nearly twice as long as carapace, granulate, margins 
spinous; manus swollen; fingers more than half the length of palm, 
gaping, though narrowly, for two-thirds their length. Ambulatory 
legs granulate, with tufts of curled setae and often small spines. 

Variations.—In the northern part of its range where the species 
occurs in greatest abundance, the dorsal protuberances are very 
short, usually tubercles or sometimes short truncate spines; the 
postorbital projection is rather broad, triangular, dentiform; the 
margins of the merus of the chelipeds are irregularly granulate; the 
legs are granulate, not spinulous. This form is designated as 
Euprognatha rastellifera marthae, new subspecies. 

Among the Florida Keys which is the type region for the species, the 
four dorsal protuberances are each surmounted by an undoubted 
spine of medium length, capitate; the postorbital projection is nar- 
rower and the spines of the frontal region slenderer than in the north- 
ern form; the merus of the chelipeds is somewhat rougher; the legs 
are finely and sparingly spinulous. 

The most southern form (Havana, Porto Rico) has longer, slenderer 
and sharper spines; surface of carapace more closely and finely 
roughened; spines bordering the merus of the chelipeds well developed; 
legs more spinulous; carapace a little narrower and higher and the 
regions more deeply separated than in more northern forms. This 
form is F. rastellifera acuta.; 

None of these forms is entirely restricted to its own range, they 
overlap one another, and two forms may occur in the same haul. 
(See table, pages 98-101.) 

The specimen of rastellifera figured by A. Milne Edwards * is a 
typical one; but the roughness of the merus of the cheliped is not 
indicated. The subspecies marthae was described and figured by 
S. I. Smith, 1881 to 1886.24 I am unable to say whether inermis 
should rank as a subspecies or not; it may be identical with marthae. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype of marthae (18749), length of 
carapace 14.3, width 11.6 mm. Typical male rastellifera (55482), 
length 9.8, width 7mm. Male, acuta, holotype of spinosa (18108), 
length of carapace 9, width 6.8 mm. ‘The length is measured to the 
tip of the rostral teeth. 

Range.—From off Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, to Straits 
of Florida, southern part of Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Islands, 
as far as Grenada and Barbados. Depth, 15 to 387 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, pages 98-101 





23 Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, pl. 33, figs. 2-2e. 
24 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. vol. 3, 1880 (1881), p. 415, and vol, 6, 1883, p. 9; Rept. U.S. Fish Commr. for 
1882 (1884), p. 347, pl. 1, figs. 3 and 3a, and for 1885 (1886), p. 621. 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


98 





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101 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 


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Aqt[B00"T 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 103 


of epistome in place of two or three tubercles. Sternum covered with 
large tubercles. Sternum extended over bases of legs, forming crenate 
border around posterior portion of carapace. Chelipeds about one 
and a half times the length of the carapace, granulate; margins of 
merus with short triangular spines; palms swollen; fingers very slender 
and gaping, a large triangular tooth not far behind middle of fixed 
finger. Ambulatory legs also rough with sharp granules, and with 
tufts of curled hair above. 

Measurements.—Male (9504), length of carapace to tip of rostral 
horn 9, width without spines 7.3 mm. 

Range.—Southern part of Gulf of Mexico and West Indies as far 
as Barbados. Depth, 69 to 201 fathoms. 

Variation.—In some small specimens, 3 or 4 mm. long, the carapace 
is more oblong than in the old, lateral spies stronger, dorsal sternal 
plates subtriangular (55490, 55491, and 2651), epistomial tooth large, 
triangular, acute, and merus of legs with a few rows of short spines. 
This form is figured by A. Milne Edwards, 1879, but not by Bouvier, 
1923 (pl. 11, fig. 2). Perhaps two subspecies are involved. 

Material examined.—See table, page 102. 


EUPROGNATHA BIFIDA Rathbun 
Plate 34, figs. 5 and 6 


Euprognatha bifida RatHBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 231 
(type-locality, Gulf of California, 33 fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 17335, 
U.S.N.M.). 


Diagnosis.—No interantennular spine. Two spines side by side 
on intestinal region. An arched lamina at each end of epistome. 
Pterygostomian spine visible from above. 

Description.—Carapace conspicuously and coarsely granulate; a 
spine on gastric, cardiac, and branchial regions and on first serment 
of abdomen; two spines on intestinal region. Postocular tooth with 
slender tip. Frontal teeth small, triangular, subacute. Antennal 
spines slender, directed obliquely forward, equally advanced with the 
front; a shallow, subtriangular, interantennular plate without spine. 
A short spine on orbital arch. Lateral margins spinous; one hepatic 
spine, two prominent branchial spines, and one spine on pterygosto- 
mian ridge, visible in dorsal view just behind the hepatic region. 

An oblique arched lamina at each end of epistome. Sternum of 
male and abdomen of female coarsely granulate; in both a granulate 
raised A-shaped ridge at anterior end of sternum. 

Legs covered with spiniform granules, larger on margins of cheli- 
peds. Palm inflated; fingers moderately gaping in proximal three- 
fourths. First pair of ambulatory legs a little more than twice as 
long as carapace. 





104 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Measurements— Male (53955), 
length of carapace to tip of rostral 
horns 15.3, width without spines 
13 mm. 

Range.—Both coasts of Lower 
California, Mexico. Depth, 18 to 
40 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, 
page 104. 


Remarks 





Cat. No. 
Scripps Inst_ 
05709 232) 3s 
Amer. Mus-_ 
BBO eae 
17335_...-.-.| Holotype. 
Noo4s = - se 


63955... 222-22 





EUPROGNATHA GRANULATA Faxon 
Plate 35, figs. 5 and 6 


Specimens 


Euprognatha granulata Faxon, Bull. 
Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 24, 1893, 
p. 149 (type-locality, near Cocos 
Island, 52 fathoms; cotypes, Cat. 
No. 4477, M. C. Z.); Mem. Mus. 
Comp. Zo6l., vol. 18, 1895, p. 6, 
pl. 1, figs. 1 and 1a. 


2a Ore ee tee 
Le = ee oes 


Motel O Sse ae ee 
EO (NSE See ees ji 19) apes REEF, Cee 


Ugless2 Shresase 


Aue = eae 








LAO he ae cee el Ole nce eee 


Collector 
Scripps Inst___-- { 


po Soo Rees | Mians TOMO TIS Ee: 2 ae Albatross.....-.-|{ 
ee GO: een eee 





2998 


Pragnosis. —Antennal spine 
greatly exceeding, and interanten- 
nular spine equaling, the rostral 
horns. Anterior margin of post- 
ocular spines laciniated. 

Description.—Carapace coarsely 
granulate; two erect blunt spines 
in median line, one on gastric, the 
other on cardiac region; a transverse 
row of four or five small tubercles 
in front of gastric spine; a spine 
near middle of each branchial region, 
with a smaller lateral spine below 
and a little in advance of it; the 
hepatic region bears a short blunt 
spine on its most prominent part; 
there are, besides, three or four 
prominent tubercles on the angle 
which divides the hepatic and 
pterygostomianregions. Antennal 
spine very long, reaching beyond 
rostral horns; the three horns of the 
rostrum (interantennular and lat- 
eral) are about equal in length; the 
supraocular spines are well devel- 
oped and, like the antennal and 
three rostral spines, are conspicu- 


Sta- 
tion 





Date 
Mar. 16, 1889 | 3001 


ie OOo secs 





62.9 | Mar. 23, 1889 | 3014 


64.5 
64 


Temp. 
Re 








Bottom 


Sh. 


Material examined of Ewprognatha bifida 
=o 
Det kao 0a 


CA tS a aN 
fne. gy. S. brk. 


29 
33 
40 


Fath- 
oms 
Meters 

33 
‘athoms 


PF 


ur 


Longitude 
Ww. 
, 





Bearings 
24 51 00/110 39 00 


Latitude 
N. 
, 





Locality 


Dots Set. ae 





Cerros Island. 


Gulf of California: 


Island. 
Off San Josef Island____-| 24 55 15 /110 39 00 


Southeast of Tiburon | 28 28 00 |112 04 30 


Off Cerros Island___-_--| 27 54 00/115 08 00 


Middle of east side of 





West coast of Lower Cali- 


fornia: 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 105 


ously granulate. Postocular spines even more coarsely tuberculate; 
when viewed from above their margins appear laciniate. 

Surface of abdomen thickly set with beadlike tubercles; the first 
segment bears a prominent granulate spine, and there is a rudimentary 
spine on each of the three following segments. 

Chela slender (in female), covered with small tubercles; remaining 
articles of cheliped and also ambulatory appendages furnished with 
small spines, tubercles, and scattered curled setae. (After Faxon.) 

Measurements.—Female, cotype, length of carapace 7, width 6 mm. 

Range.—Known only from the type-locality, Cocos Island, off Bay 
of Panama. 

Material recorded.—Near Cocos Island; lat. 5° 32’ 45’’ N., long. 
86° 55’ 20’’ W.; 52 fathoms; nuilipore or rky.; 62.2° F.; February 
28, 1891; station 3369, Albatross; 2 females, cotypes (Cat. No. 4477, 
M. C. Z.). 

Genus COLLODES Stimpson 


Collodes Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1860, p. 193; type, C. 
granosus Stimpson.—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 
175.—Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 14, 1879, p. 645.— 
Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, p. 189.—RatuBoun, 
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 55. 


Carapace ovate-triangulate. Rostrum short, entire or bifid. 
Hepatic region convex. Postorbital process usually large, triangular, 
not close to eye and separated from the supraorbital arch by a deep, 
open, marginal fissure. Eyes of moderate length, partially retractile. 
Basal joint of antenna with a terminal tooth or spine and two margins 
more or less dentate, the inner margin in a plane at right angles to 
the outer; flagellum longer than rostrum. Merus of outer maxillipeds 
obcordate, deeply cut on distal margin, strongly produced at outer 
and inner angles. Chelipeds of moderate length; merus trigonal, 
eurved. Ambulatory legs of moderate length, the first pair a little 
longer or shorter than the second pair; third pair usually shorter 
than either; fourth pair the shortest, dactyli very slender. 

Abdomen of male with six, of female with five segments. Surface 
usually hairy, the hairs collecting and retaining particles of mud; 
upper surface of legs usually furnished with curved hairs, lower 
surface with long, straight hairs or bristles. 

Distributed on the Atlantic coast of America from S. of Marthas 
Vineyard, Massachusetts (northern limit, lat. 40° 07’ 48” N., 
eastern limit, long. 69° 30’ 00’’ W.), to Gulf of Mexico (eastern half) 
and West Indies (as far as Martinique); also from Cape Frio, Brazil, 
to Gulf of San Matias, Patagonia. Pacific coast of Mexico from 
Abreojos Point, Lower California, to Cape St. Lucas and into the 
Gulf of California. Also Malabar coast of India (Alcock). 

Bathymetric range, shallow water to 373 fathoms. 


— 


106 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS COLLODES 


Al, Carapace with median spines. 
B'. Rostrum bifid. 
C!, Ambulatory legs hairy. 
D!. Inner or lower margin of basal antennal article denticulate. 
E!. Rostrum narrowed to a spine which has a bifid tip. 
tenuirostris, young, p. 113. 
E?. Rostrum not narrowed to a spine, but with two small teeth or spines 
at tip. 
F!, Granules evenly distributed on branchial region. 
trispinosus, p. 107. 
F?, Granules of branchial region unequal, divided into two areas 


bysaasmoothmspacesssa= sas. aaa rostratus, small, p. 110. 

D?. Inner or lower margin of basal antennal article unarmed. Carapace 

and female abdomen coarsely granulate___-_---- granosus, p. 106. 

G2. “Amibulatony legsynaked ts 22 8-e5 22 sae ae ee nudus, p. 110. 
B?. Rostrum simple, not bifid. 

C!. Rostrum with a terminal spine__-----_-- tenuirostris, adult, p. 113. 


C2. Rostrum triangular, without terminal spine. 
D!. Basal antennal article with inner crest unarmed. 
rostratus, large, p. 110. 
D2. Basal antennal article with inner crest armed with three spiniform 
POCtH 6 et ee ke Ss a RN aN Mie eee obesus, p. 109. 
A?, Carapace without median spines. 
B!, Ambulatory legs not spinous. 
C!. Interantennular spine advanced as far as rostrum. Chelipeds slender. 
leptocheles, p. 117. 
C2. Interantennular spine not advanced as far as rostrum. 
D!, Carapace smooth. Postorbital lobe small______------ levis, p. 120. 
D2. Carapace granulate or partly so. 
E!. Carapace mostly smooth, four tubercles near its center. Male 
sternum finely granulate____..-._-.-._-----=+ tumidus, p. 121. 
E?, Carapace mostly granulate. Male sternum coarsely granulate. 
F!, Postorbital lobe of good size. Basal antennal article with con- 


spicuously dentate crests___.._=-----== 22 robustus, p. 114. 

F2. Postorbital lobe small. Basal antennal article with almost smooth 

Crestes. a BE SURG lee ee Series ee ees inermis, p. 119. 

B?. Ambulatory legsspinous. Rostrum short, subtruncate___ armatus, p. 122. 


ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF COLLODES ON OPFOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT 


Atlantic Pacific 
trispinosus. granosus. 
rostratus. tenutrostris. 
inermis. : tumidus. 


COLLODES GRANOSUS Stimpson 
Plate 36, figs. 1 and 2; plate 217, fig. 1 

Collodes granosus Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, 
p. 194[66], pl. 2, fig. 4 (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; holotype not 
extant) —A. Mitnr Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 177.—Ratu- 

BUN, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 569. 
Diagnosis.—Three median spines; rostrum subtriangular, tip 

bifid; carapace and female abdomen coarsely granulate. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 107 


Description.—Carapace nearly naked, conspicuously granulated, 
especially on the branchial regions; granules rather large and distinctly 
prominent. An erect obtuse spine on the gas- 
tric region, a larger one on the cardiac region, 
and one on the first segment of the abdomen. 
Anterior half of cardiac region and sulci or 
depressed parts of carapace generally, smooth 
and glabrous. Rostrum subtriangular, fissured; 
tip minutely bifid, points tuberculiform. A 
minute tooth on superior arch of orbit. ee 

Chelipeds of female weak. Ambulatory legs y¢. 31—cottopes cRrano- 
rather depressed, ciliated, dactyli hairy. Mar- 8S, FeMaze (21863), Ros- 

S : 5 TRUM, X 26.66 
gin of female sternum raised around egg-cavity ; 
abdomen strongly indurated, with the outer surface covered with 
large closely set granules. 

Measurements.—Female (55766), length of carapace 9.7, width 
8.6, length of first ambulatory leg 15.6 mm. 

Range.—Southern and Gulf coasts of Lower California, Mexico. 
Shallow water to 10 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Cape St. Lucas, Lower California; March 23, 1911; Albatross; 1 
ovigerous female (55766). 

E. of La Paz, in Gulf of California; lat. 24° 11’ 30’’ N.; long. 109° 
55’ 00’’ W.; 10 fathoms; Sh.; April 30, 1888; station 2828, Alba- 
tross; 1 ovigerous female (21863). 





COLLODES TRISPINOSUS Stimpson 
Plate 36, figs. 5 and 6 


Collodes trispinosus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 120 
(type-localities, off the Quicksands, off Carysfort Reef, and off French 
Reef, 34 to 50 fathoms; types not extant).—A. Mritne Epwarps, Crust. 
Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 178. 

Collodes depressus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 176; 
1879, pl. 32, figs. 4-4e (type-localities, near Sombrero, 54 fathoms, and 
west coast of Florida, 20 fathoms; cotypes from Sombrero and W. Florida 
in M. C. Z., and from W. Florida in Paris Mus.).—Smirts, Proc. U. 8. 
Nat. Mus., vol. 6, 1883, pp. 5 and 8; Rept. U. 8. Fish Commr. for 1885 
(1886), p. 621 [17].—Raruegoun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 52. 


Diagnosis.—Three long, slender, median spines. Rostral spines 
slender, longer than broad. Female abdomen covered with large, 
depressed granules. 

Description.—Carapace hairy, covered with coarse granules every- 
where except on the front, the anterior portion of the gastric region, 
and about the bases of the spines. There is a slender, erect, capitate 
spine on the gastric, and one on the cardiac region, and a third on 
the first segment of the abdomen. The rostrum bears two minute 


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108 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 109 


and usually well-separated horns. The basal article of the antenna 
is so twisted that the terminal spinule of the four or five on the outer 
margin is in the same horizontal plane as the rostrum; the laminate 
crest near the inner margin ends in a large tooth. A short inter- 
antennular spine present. A granule on upper orbital border. 
Postorbital tooth slender. Sternum of male very finely granulate; 





a 
Fic. 32.—COLLODES TRISPINOSUS, MALE (9783). a. ROSTRUM, X 16. 6. LEFT CHELA, X 6.66 


terminal or seventh article of abdomen elongate-triangular. Abdo- 
men of female furnished with coarse but depressed granules. 

Chelipeds of male moderately stout; palm thick, smooth outside; 
margins of merus and palm and surface of carpus spinulous; fingers 
widely gaping, a triangular tooth near middle of fixed finger, a very 
shallow, molariform tooth near base of dactylus. Ambulatory legs 
long; dactyli about as long as the preceding article. 

Measurements.—Male (9783), length of carapace 14, width 11.5, 
length of first leg 28.7 mm. Female (9783), length of carapace 12, 
width 9.7 mm. 

Range.—North and South Carolina; Florida, gulf coast, and keys 
from Tortugas to Carysfort. Depth, 4 to 82 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 108. 


COLLODES OBESUS A. Milne Edwards 
Plate 36, figs. 3 and 4; plate 217, figs. 2-5 


‘Collodes obesus A. M1itne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 177; 1879, pl. 32, 
figs. 3-3d (type-locality, near Sombrero, Florida Strait, 54 fathoms; holotype 
in M. C. Z.). 

Diagnosis.—Carapace narrow, entirely covered with granules. 
Postorbital lobes large and turned outward, not forward. 

Description (after A. Milne Edwards).—Near 
trispinosus. Distinguished by the form of the 
carapace which is longer and narrower, but 
wider across the postorbital lobes. Surface 
entirely covered with large flattened granules. 
Postorbital lobes broadly triangular and turned 

directly outward, the anterior margin being 

ay ccc quite transverse. Median spines as in 

oF CARAPACE 11 mm. tone ftrispinosus. Inner, lower crest of basal 

antennal article ornamented with three large spiniform teeth; the 

outer edge bears three teeth followed by small granules. Chelipeds 
5487—251——_9 





110 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


smooth, fingers finely denticulate on prehensile edges and, as in the 
female of trispinosus, without a large tooth. Ambulatory legs short 
and hairy. 


Measurements.—Female, holotype, length of carapace 13, width 
9 mm. 


Range.—Sombrero, Florida Strait, 54 fathoms. 

Material examined.—A somewhat smaller female in the National 
Museum is placed here with some reserve, as it has, at the end of the 
rostrum, two small teeth. The specimen was taken by the Fsh 
Hawk in the Gulf Stream off Cape Florida, one mile E. 44 N. of 
Fowey Rocks Light, 50 fathoms, fine gray sand, coral, temp. 69° F., 
March 30, 1903, station 7516 (Cat. No. 46984). It has not been 
compared with the holotype. 

Remarks.—¥or occasional bifurcation of an entire rostrum see 
under C. rostratus and tenuirostris. 





COLLODES NUDUS Stimpson 


Collodes nudus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo@él., vol. 2, 1871, p. 120 
(type-locality, off Carysfort Reef, 40 fathoms; holotype not extant).— 
A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 178. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace and feet naked. Dactyli of ambulatories 
spinous on inner edge. 

Description (after Stimpson).—Alhed to C. granosus and C. trispi- 
nosus, having three spines on the dorsum similar in shape and posi- 
tion to the spines of those species. C. nudus differs, however, in its 
naked carapace and feet and in the less numerous and prominent 
granulated tubercles on the dorsal surface. The carapace is also 
much broader anteriorly. The ambulatory legs of the second pair 
are rather longer than those of the first pair; dactyli of the legs 
armed with spines along the inner edge. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 0.24 inch 
(6 mm.), width 0.18 inch (4.6 mm.), length of first ambulatory leg 
0.45 inch (11.4 mm.). 

Range.—Known only from the type male from off Carysfort Reef, 
Florida, lat. 25° 13’ 40’’ N.; long. 80° 10’ 45’’ W.; 40 fathoms; sand; 
March 21, 1869; station 7, U.S. Coast Survey steamer B26). 


COLLODES ROSTRATUS A. Milne Edwards 
Plate 36, figs. 7 and 8 


Collodes rostratus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 179; 
1879, pl. 32, figs. 2-2d (type-locality, lat. 41° 40’ S., long. 63° 13’ W., 
[30 fathoms, Hassler, Mar. 7, 1872]; holotype, Cat. No. 2962, M. C. Z.).— 
RatuHBunN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 569. 


Diagnosis.—Rostrum narrow, hood-shaped, without terminal spine. 
Postorbital lobe broad, directed strongly forward, then outward. 
Fingers of adult male narrowly gaping. 


i 


111 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 
























































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a4t2 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM f 


Description.—Carapace covered with curved hairs and coarse 
granulation except in the deep interregional furrows which are 
smooth; granules less numerous on gastric and frontal regions. 
Spines of gastric and cardiac regions stout, spine of first abdominal 
segment slenderer. Rostrum narrow, advanced, hood-shaped, edge 
arcuate, a median keel, and a very short, closed, median incision at 
the end in the male. In the female the rostrum is narrower and 
without incision. In the type male described by Edwards the ros- 
trum was more pointed and not incised. Basal antennal article long 
and narrow, inner lamina not deep, subentire, ending in a lobe, outer 
margin obscurely denticulate, terminal lobe elongate. Postorbital — 
lobe large, advanced, its margins parallel in basal half, its inner 
margin then becoming transverse. Male sternum and female abdo- 
men covered with fine granules. 





Fic. 34.—COLLODES ROSTRATUS. a. ROSTRUM OF FEMALE (21865), X 16.66. b. ROSTRUM OF MALE (21864) 
X 13.33. c. LEFT CHELA OF MALE (21864), X 10.66 


Chelipeds feeble, merus and carpus and upper surface of manus 
finely roughened, fingers gaping for two-thirds their length, basal 
two-fifths of fixed finger hollowed on its prehensile edge in male. 

Variation.—Three small specimens, one of which is from the type- 
locality, differ from typical rostratus in having the rostrum split for 
a short distance into two small horns. As the other characters are 
so close to rostratus, it is very probable that the bifid form is the 
early form and that the horns disappear with age leaving an entire 
rostrum, which may show slight indication of a bilobed tip. 

Measurements.—Male (21864), length of carapace 11.6, width 8.4, 
length of cheliped 12, length of first ambulatory leg 20mm. Female 
(21865), length of carapace 11.7, width 9 mm. Male (2049), length 
20.1, width 15.6 mm. Female (2057), length 7, width 5.2 mm. 

Range.—¥rom Cape Frio, Brazil, to Gulf of San Matias, Patagonia. 
Depth, 101% to 52 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 111. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 113 


COLLODES TENUIROSTRIS Rathbun 
Plate 37 
Collodes tenuirostris RatHBuN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 230 
(type-locality, Gulf of California, lat. 30° 16’ N., long. 113° 05’ W., 36 
fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 17333, U. 8S. N. M.); Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 21, 1898, p. 569. 
Collodes, doubtful species, RATHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, 
p. 53. 
Diagnosis.—Rostrum terminating in a slender spine; in addition, 
three median spines on carapace. Chelipeds slender. 
Description.—Carapace slightly pubescent; unevenly granulate 
with unequal granules, the largest ones on the summit of the branchial 
regions, which have the greatest number of granules; a few small 
granules on cardiac and gastric regions; more on the hepatic regions; 
lateral and posterior margins covered with small granules. Four 
median capitate spines, one at end of rostrum, one gastric, one 
cardiac, and one directed obliquely backward and upward on the 
first abdominal segment. In young specimens the rostral spine is 
bifid at tip; and this bifurcation sometimes persists in older speci- 





Fic. 35.—COLLODES TENUIROSTRIS, MALE (21867), X 8. a. LEFTCHELA. 6. ROSTRUM 


‘mens up to 12 mm. in carapace length. A supraorbital tubercle; a 


rather broad postorbital lobe directed obliquely forward. Basal 
antennal segment with a prominent inner lamina ending in a lobe 
and an outer margin cut into numerous denticles. The male sternum 
is granulate on the cheliped segment near the abdomen and especially 
on the most protuberant parts; granules few on other segments 
except close to abdominal cavity. Female abdomen roughened 
with numerous but separated granules. 

Chelipeds slender; outer margin of merus armed with about 
eight stout spinules, other margins finely spinulous, as is also the 
inner margin of the carpus; manus nearly smooth; fingers narrowly 
gaping in basal half. Legs long-hairy, the hairs retaining large 
quantities of mud. 

Measurements —Male (21867), length of carapace 18.8, width 
14.7, length of cheliped 20.6, of first ambulatory leg 35.7 mm. 
Female (21867), length of carapace 17, width 13.4 mm. 

Range.—West coast of Lower California and Gulf of California. 
Depth, 36 to 145 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 111. 


114 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


COLLODES ROBUSTUS Smith 
Plate 29 


Collodes depressus Smitu, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 3, 1880 (1881), p. 414; 
not C. depressus A. Milne Edwards, 1878, nor Smith, 1883 or 1886. 

Collodes robustus Smit, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 6, 1883, p. 5 (type-locali- 
ties, 21 stations between off Marthas Vineyard and off Chesapeake Bay, 56 
to 156 fathoms; cotypes in U.S.N.M. and Y.U.M.; largest cotypes, station 
940, Cat. No. 18763, U.S.N.M.); Rept. U.S. Fish Commr. for 1882 (1884), 
p. 347, pl. 1, figs. 1, la, 2-26; for 1885 (1886), p. 621 [17]. 


Diagnosis.—Carapace granulate, without median spines. Rostrum 
two-spined. Palms of chelipeds dilated. 

Description.—Larger than C. trispinosus, carapace longer and he- 
patic regions more protuberant. The median spines of trispinosus 





Fia.36.—COLLODES ROBUSTUS, MALE, STATION 940, FISH HAWK, DORSAL VIEW, X 1.5. (AFTER SMITH) 


are replaced by small tubercles which, in full grown specimens, are 
scarcely larger than the granules of the rest of the surface. Granules 
less abundant on the gastric region than elsewhere. Rostrum wider 
than in trispinosus, with two short horns more widely separated at the 
tips. Postorbital tooth triangulate, broader than in trispinosus, 
slightly exceeding the eyes in adults. Sternum of male coarsely 
granulate. Margins of basal antennal article dentate. Interanten- 
nular spine long and slender. 

Chelipeds much as in trispinosus; in addition to the enlarged teeth 
on the fingers in trispinosus, there is in robustus a tooth on the dactylus 
opposite the one on the immovable finger. Ambulatory legs long- 
hairy. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 115 





Fic. 37.—COLLODES ROBUSTUS, YOUNG MALE, STATION 1036, FISH HAWK, DORSAL VIEW, HAIR REMOVED 
FROM ONE SIDE, X 2.9. (AFTER SMITH) 





FIG. 38.—COLLODES ROBUSTUS, MALE, STATION F1G. 39.—COLLODHS ROBUSTUS, YOUNG MALE, STA- 


940, Fish HAWK, RIGHT CHELA, X 1. (AFTER TION 1036, FISH HAWK, LEFT CHELA, X 8. (AFTER 
SMITH) SMITH) 


Color.—Y ellowish, in alcohol. 
Measurements —Male (18763), length of carapace 27, width 21.2, 
length of first ambulatory leg 68 mm. 





Fic. 40.—COLLODES ROBUSTUS, MALE 
STATION 940, FISH HAWK, VENTRAL VIEW OF Fia. 41.—COLLODES ROBUSTUS 
ANTERIOR HALF, X 2.66. (AFTER SMITH) (5775), MAXILLIPED, X 5.92 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED SIATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA eTZ 


Range.—South of Nantucket, Massachusetts, to off Cape Hatteras, 
North Carolina. Depth 49 to 373 fathoms. 
Material examined.—See table, page 116. 


COLLODES LEPTOCHELES Rathbun 


Plate 38, figs. 5 and 6 


Collodes leptocheles RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 53 
(type-locality, Gulf of Mexico, 68 to 169 fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 9748, 
U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis —No median spines. Carapace granulate. Rostrum 
bidentate. Spine on fifth abdominal segment. Chelipeds slender. 

Description.—Allied to C. robustus; surface granulate, without 
median spines. Rostrum divided by a V-shaped notch into two 
acute teeth shorter than in robustus, their outer Margin convex 
Interantennular spine rather slender, extending a little beyond the 
rostrum. Postorbital tooth long, exceeding the eyes, and pointing 
directly outward. 





Fic. 42.—COLLODES LEPTOCHELES, MALE (9748). @. ABDOMEN, X 4.66. 6. ROSTRUM, X 12.66. c. LEFT 
CHELA, X 7.33 " 


Abdomen of male broader than in robustus, constricted at fifth 
segment, which bears a long spine directed downward and backward; 
a sharp median tubercle on first segment; tips of first pair of append- 
ages more slender than in rabustus. A small spine is present on the 
fifth segment in the female. 

Inner margin of basal article of antenna very prominent, cut into 
three coarse spiniform teeth; outer margin also dentate with four or 
five teeth including the one at the extremity. Chelipeds weak in both 
sexes and about as long as carapace; hand slender, fingers as long as 
palm and very narrowly gaping in their basal portion. First and 
second pairs of legs nearly equal in length, second often exceeding 
first, about twice as long as carapace; dactylus of last two pairs longer 
than propodus. 

Color.—In alcohol, a pale ecru. 

5487—257——10 


——- “ee 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 119 


Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 16.5, width 
12.7mm. Female (18101), length 17.5, width 13.2 mm. 

Range.—Gulf of Mexico; 68 to 169 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 118. 


COLLODES INERMIS A. Milne Edwards 
Plate 38, figs. 3 and 4 


Collodes inermis A. MitNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 179; 1879, 
pl. 32, figs. 1-1le (type-locality, coast of Brazil, 17 fathoms, lat. 11° 49’ 
S., long. 37° 27’ W.; holotype, Cat. No. 2949, M. C. Z.).—AuvriviLu1vs, 
K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Hand1., vol. 23, 1889, p. 36.—RatuBun, Bull. U. S. 
Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 56. 


Diagnosis.—Postorbital lobe small. No spines on carapace. Car- 
apace partially granulate. Two very small rostral teeth. Fingers 
of male widely gaping. 

Description.—Carapace depressed; 
partially granulate, especially along 
the posterior margin, on the summit 
of the cardiac region and the outer 
two-thirds or more of the branchial 
regions; a few granules on the front, 
on the middle of the gastric region and 
on the outer margin of the hepatic 
region. Amount of granulation varia- 
ble. Rostrum bluntly triangular, tip 
cut into two minute teeth. Post- Fic. 43—Cottopes INERMIS, MALE (24142), 
orbital lobes small, directed straight Bae ea 
outward and much exceeded by the eyes. Sternum of male coarsely 
granulate except between the chelipeds; abdomen nearly smooth save 
for the boss at either side of the third segment and the spine or 
tubercle on the first segment. 
Abdomen of female covered 
with depressed granules. 

Basal article of antenna with 
margins almost unarmed, the 
outer one finely roughened, the 
inner margin not exceeded by 
the outer one. Merus of chel- F!6-44.-—COLLopEs INERMIS, MALE (24142), LEFTCHELA, 
ipeds with denticulate margins, oer 
chela dilated in male, fingers widely gaping for their proximal fifth, 
this portion of the fixed finger being curved downward and excavate, 
a triangular tooth at end of gape; a broad, low tooth projects from 
the dactylus into the middle of the gape. 

Color.—Probably dark, as the paratype after long preservation 
showed traces of dark blue and olive; chelipeds green. 








730 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Measurements.—Male, holotype (2949), length 7.5, width 5.5 mm. 
Male (24142), length 8.7, width 7 mm. 

Range.—Porto Rico; Martinique; Brazil, north of Bahia. Depth, 
5% to 18 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Mayaguez Harbor; Black buoy 
entrance, N. by W. 14 W., 44 mile; 12 to 18 fathoms; S. M.; temp. 
26° C.; January 20; station 6061; 1 male, 2 females (24142). Off 


am lil 


Porto Real; Point Guaniquilla, S. 14 E., 2 miles; 814 fathoms ; Comm 


S.; temp. 26° C.; January 25; station 6074; 1 female (24143). 

Off coast of Brazil, North of Bahia; lat. 11° 49’ S.; long. 37° 27’ W.; 
17 fathoms; January 18, 1872; U.S. C.S. S. Hassler; 1 male, figured 
type (2949, M. C. Z.). 


COLLODES LEVIS Rathbun 
Plate 38, figs. 1 and 2 


Collodes levis RatuBun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 
(1901), p. 56, text-fig. 9 (type-locality, off Vieques, 15 fathoms; holotype, 
Cat. No. 28772, U.S.N.M.). 





Fic. 45 —COLLODES LEVIS, MALE (24083), LEFT CHELA, X 24 


Diagnosis.—Postorbital lobe small. No 
median spines on carapace or abdomen. 
Carapace smooth. ‘Two very small rostral 





teeth. Fic. 46.—COLLODES LEVIS, FEMALE 

Descripiion.—Carapace narrow, moder- * @7/2), DonsaL view OriChHARAGH) 

. < 2.5. (AFTER RATHBUN) 

ately convex, pubescent, smooth, without 
spines, tubercles, orgranules. Rostrum medially sulcate, tip minutely 
emarginate forming two small, blunt lobes or teeth. Interantennular 
tooth little developed. Postorbital tooth very small, reaching only 
about one-third the length of the eyestalk. Male sternum nearly 
smooth, abdomen smooth in both sexes. The vertical plate along 
the inner margin of the basal antennal article is entire and anteriorly 
very prominent; outer margin feebly denticulate. The only male 
known is immature; its chela is scarcely more enlarged than in the 
female. 

Measurements.—Male (24083), length of carapace 5.4, width 4 
mm.; female (23772), length 5.5, width 4.6 mm. 

Range.—Porto Rico; 1424 to 16 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 118. 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 121 


COLLODES TUMIDUS Rathbun 
Plate 40, figs. 1 and 2; plate 218, fig. 5 


Collodes tumidus Ratuswun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 569, 
pl. 41, fig. 1 (type-locality, Magdalena Bay, Lower California, 12 fathoms; ' 
holotype, Cat. No. 21571, U.S. N. M.). 


Diagnosis.—Carapace mostly smooth; four elevated tubercles 
forming a cross near the middle. Postorbital lobe curved. Male 
sternum finely granulate. 

Description.—Carapace granulate along the posterior and lateral 
margins, the granules large on the hepatic region and reaching for- 
ward a little on the branchial and cardiac regions; a few granules 
also between the orbits. Four tubercles near the middle of the cara- 
pace at the most elevated portions, one gastric, one cardiac, the other 
two at the inner angles of the branchial regions. Otherwise the 
central part of the carapace is smooth. Front bidentate, the teeth 
triangular, blunt, and separated by a space subequal to either tooth. 
Postorbital tooth slightly cury- 
ed, convex forward, shorter 
than the eye. Basal antennal 
article broad, inner or lower / 
edge entire, outer edge un-* 
evenly dentate, upper and Fic. 47.—COLLODES TUMIDUS, MALE (21571), 
lower terminal lobes equally LEFT CHELA, X 9.33 
advanced. Male sternum and elevations of first three abdominal 
segments finely granulate; otherwise the abdomen of both sexes is 
nearly smooth. 

Chelipeds of adult male slightly enlarged. The palm narrows 
perceptibly near the distal end. Fingers gaping to near the tips, 
dactylus with an enlarged tooth near the base, fixed finger with a 
similar tooth marking the proximal third. Ambulatory legs rather 
stout. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 11.6, width 
9.5 mm. 

Range.—Lower California, Mexico; 10 to 12 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Middle of east side of Cerros Island; March 12, 1911; Albatross; 
1 young female (56221). 

Magdalena Bay, Lower California; lat. 24° 32’ 00’’ N.; long. 111° 
09’ 00’ W.; 12 fathoms; fne. gy. S.; May 2, 1888; station 2831, 
Albatross; 1 male, holotype (21571). 

Southern part of Gulf of California; lat. 24° 11’ 30’ N.; long. 
109° 55’ 00’’ W.; 10 fathoms; Sh.; April 30, 1888; station 2828, 
Albatross; 1 female (21868). 





122 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


COLLODES ARMATUS Rathbun 
Plate 217, fig. 6 


Collodes armatus RatuBun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 
1898, p. 252, pl. 2, fig. 1 (type-locality, off Havana; holotype in Mus. 
S. Usk). 

Diagnosis.—Carapace smooth and unarmed above. Rostrum 
short, subtruncate. Ambulatory legs spinous beneath. 

Description.—Carapace narrow; dorsal surface smooth and shining, 
nearly naked; cardiac, branchial and gastric regions much swollen; 
hepatic region depressed and with one or more granules and a spinule 
on the margin; pterygostomian region with ten or more sharp spines. 
Front subtruncate, margin slightly excavate, not advanced beyond 
the antennular fossae, with a deep median sulcus terminating in the 
interantennular partition which projects slightly forward as a median 
tooth, not visible in dorsal view. Postorbital tooth triangular, 
shorter than eyestalk. Abdomen of female with two median tubercles 
on the coalesced segment; surface covered with curved hairs. Basal 
antennal article with an acute tooth at antero-external angle; outer 
margin with four irregular lobes; inner margin with a shallow sinus, 
anterior angle rounded. Maxillipeds spinulous. 

Chelipeds of female slender, margins spinous, largest spines on 
outer margin of merus and inner margin of carpus. Manus slender, 
unarmed distally; fingers nearly as long as palm, in contact. Legs 
long, slender, and of nearly equal length, margined with long, straight 
bristles set in short, stout, cylindrical sockets, which remain as hard, 
beadlike projections when the bristles are removed; a few curved 
hairs present; the first two pairs of legs bear sharp spines underneath. 

Measurements.—Female, holotype, length of carapace 9, width 
6.8 mm. 

Material examined.—The type female is the only specimen known; 
it was taken in 1893 off Havana, Cuba, by the State University of 
Iowa Expedition, and is deposited in the museum of that university. 


Genus BATRACHONOTUS Stimpson 


Batrachonotus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 122; 
type, B. fragosus Stimpson.—A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 
1878, p. 180.—Ratusun, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., vol. 20 for 1900, pt. 2 
(1901), p. 56. 


Carapace triangular, broadly expanded behind, especially in male; 
surface rough with granulations; gastric, cardiac and_ branchial 
regions strongly protuberant; hepatic region angular, approximating 
the postorbital tooth; cervical depressions deep and broad, giving 
carapace a superior outline much like that of a frog’s back. Rostrum 
very short, scarcely projecting beyond the walls of antennulary 
fossae, slightly emarginated at the middle. Basal joint of antennae 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 123 


with dentate margins and a small tooth or spine at anterior ex- 
tremity. Postorbital tooth or spine small, close to eye. Merus of 
outer maxillipeds broad, with prominent outer and inner front 
angles. Last two segments of abdomen in male and last three in 
female anchylosed. Ambulatory legs of first pair very long in male, 
more than twice as long as those of second pair; posterior pairs very 
short. In the female all the ambulatory legs are short. Dactyli 
rather long. 

This genus is very closely allied to Collodes, from which it differs 
chiefly in its carapace, broader posteriorly, its smaller postorbital 
tooth, in the shape of the hepatic region, which is angular in outline 
instead of rounded, the anterior margin being at right angles to 
median line, in the merus of the maxillipeds, which has the inner lobe 
more produced and transverse than in Collodes, and in the great 
length of the first ambulatory legs of the male. 

Found only in American waters, between Cape Hatteras, North 
Carolina, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on the Atlantic side, and on 
the coasts of Lower California, Mexico, on the Pacific side. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS BATRACHONOTUS 


A'. Postorbital tooth small, not nearly reaching end of eye. A large tooth on 


Mmmovanie: finger Of male." = ok ee fragosus, p. 123, 
A?. Postorbital tooth larger, reaching or nearly reaching end of eye. No large 
tooth on immovable finger of male___._.____._________-- nicholsi, p. 127. 


Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: fragosus 
(Atlantic); nichols. (Pacific). 


BATRACHONOTUS FRAGOSUS Stimpson 
Plate 39, figs. 1-4. 


Gripus januariti Kr¢yER, nomen nudum, on label in Copenhagen Museum. 

Batrachonotus fragosus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 122 
(type-locality, south of Tortugas, lat. 24° 36’ 40’’ N., long. 83° 02’ 20’’ W., 
16 fathoms; type not extant)—A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 
1878, p. 180.—RatusBon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 54; 
Bull. U: S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 57. 

Batrachonotus brasiliensis RatuHpun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, 
p. 54 (type-locality, Rio de Janeiro; holotype, Cat. No. 19943, U.S. N. M.); 
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 57. 

Diagnosis.—Postorbital tooth small, not nearly reaching end of 
eye. A large tooth at middle of immovable finger of male. Anten- 
nal spines subparallel. 

Description.—Male: Carapace coarsely granulate, especially on 
protuberant portions. Cardiac, gastric, and branchial regions and 
first segment of abdomen each surmounted by a stout spine or 
large tubercle. Two small tubercles on intestinal region just above 
posterior margin, and one enlarged tubercle on the margin of the 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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126 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


branchial region; also a short spine on subhepatic and on pterygosto- 
mian region. Rostrum formed of two rounded lobes separated by 
a shallow notch; its margin and the supraorbital margin denticulate. 
Abdomen and sternum granulate, except for a transverse smooth 
area between bases of chelipeds. 

Chelipeds a little longer than carapace, spinulous; ischium with a 
distal spine; manus slightly compressed; fingers nearly as long as the 
palm, gaping for nearly their whole length, a large tooth in middle 
of pollex. 

Female: Carapace narrower behind and wider in front than male, 
tuberculation more uniform, spines less frequent. First ambulatory 
leg very little longer than second, about one and 
a half times length of the carapace. Abdomen 
tuberculate or granulate. 

Variations.—This species shows wide vari- 
ations from the type. Stimpson described a 
single male from south of the Tortugas as having 
tubercles on the protuberant parts of the cara- 
pace and the first segment of the abdomen. 
Two males out of five from the Tortugas (47069 
and 47070) resemble Stimpson’s in having four 
carapace tubercles but differ in having an ab- 
dominal spine. From this there are all varia- 
tions of roughness, from five spines in place of 
Fic. 48.—Barracnonorus tubercles, on the one hand, to no tubercles or 

FRAGOsUS (47070), wax- Spines at the summit of elevations on the other. 

eee ae The different combinations of variations in 
this character are shown in the list of specimens (pp.124—125), under 
column “ Variations,” where the five prominences dealt with are the 
gastric, cardiac, and branchial (paired) regions and the first abdom- 
inal segment. 

Unique is one female out of three (23110) which bears a median 
intestinal spine, no enlarged tubercle or spine on abdomen and four 
tubercles elsewhere. 

Measurements.—Male (47070), length of carapace to tip of rostral 
teeth 7.2, width 6.2 mm. Female (19948), length 7, width 6 mm. 

Range.—From Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Gulf of Mexico 
(coast of Florida), to West Indies and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 
Depth, 4 to 75 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, pages 124-125. 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 137 


BATRACHONOTUS NICHOLSI Rathbun 
Plate 39, figs. 5-8 


Batrachonotus nicholsi RatusBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 55 
(type-locality, Gulf of California, lat. 29° 30’ N., long. 112° 40’ W.,; 
holotype, Cat. No. 18107, U.S.N.M.); vol. 21, 1898, p. 570. 


Diagnosis.—Postorbital tooth reaching or nearly reaching end of 
eye. No large tooth on immovable finger ‘of male. Antennal spines 
divergent. 

Description. Compared to B. fragosus, the granulation is every- 
where coarser and more beadlike. Two enlarged tubercles or spines 
on branchial margin. Rostral teeth more acute; basal antennal 
spines more produced and very divergent from each other, the dis- 
tance between the tip of each spine and the tip of the nearest rostral 
tooth being more than twice as great as between the tips of the rostral 
teeth. Supraorbital margin more elevated. Sternum behind the 
chelipeds not completely granulate, the granules larger, the seg- 
ments bearing the ambulatory legs having only one or two irregular 
rows of granules, the depressions between the segments smooth. 

Chelipeds very rough, the immovable finger without an enlarged 
tooth. First leg a little more than one and a half times as long as 
carapace. 

Variations.—While in most of the specimens the dorsal protuber- 
ances are crowned by a stout spine, varying in length, sometimes one 
or more of these is replaced by a tubercle. In the type females, the 
tubercles are very small, and the smooth space between regions is 
greater than in any other specimens. 

Measurements.—Male (21782), length of carapace to tips of ros- 
trum 9, width without spines 7.9mm. Female (21869), length 7.5, 
width 6.5 mm. 

Range.—Lower California, Mexico, from Abreojos Point on the 
west coast to Gulf of California. Depth, 12 to 145 fathoms. 

Material excamined.See table, page 128. 


Genus PYROMAIA Stimpson 


Pyromaia Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 109; type, P. 
cuspidaia Stimpson.—A. MiLtnr Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 197. 

Apiomaia voN Martens, Zool. Rec., 1871 (1873), p. 182; substituted for 
Pyromaia.—Mters, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, 1879, p. 651. 


Carapace pyriform, convex, rough with tubercles and spines; 
rostrum simple, well developed; supraorbital spine usually present; 
postorbital spine large, distant from the ocular cavity, and curved 
around end of eye, tip directed forward. Basal article of outer 
antennae long and narrow, tapering anteriorly; movable portion very 
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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 129 


completely filled by the outer maxillipeds; ischium with its inner 
distal portion strongly advanced; merus cordate, with a prominent 
narrow lobe on the inner side. Chelipeds of moderate length, merus 
triangulate, manus swollen, fingers long and curving inward. Am- 
bulatory legs very long and slender, cylindrical, decreasing succes- 
sively in length from first to fourth pair; dactyli long and slightly 
curved. Abdomen of male with the last two segments, of female 
with the last three segments, fused. 

Not found outside of America, where it ranges from North Carolina 
to Florida Straits and Gulf of Mexico; and from Monterey Bay, 
California, to Panama. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS PYROMAIA 


A', A spine near middle of basal antennal article. Ambulatory legs long, first 
leg in male three or more times as long as carapace. 

B'. Rostrum tapering regularly to tip. Chelipeds and legs covered with short, 
soft pubescence. No spine at proximal end of merus of ambulatory 
Pe eras Aa ee I A eek Y, NAG EES os cuspidata, p. 129. 

B*. Rostrum triangular at base, then narrowing to a slender spine. Chelipeds 
and legs not noticeably pubescent. An erect spine at proximal end of 
merus of ambulatory legs; a short fringe of hair on either side of the 
GLE CUT Se aa tape I ag 3 oa i arachna, p. 131. 

A?, No spine near middle of basal antennal article. Ambulatory legs shorter 
than in A!, first leg in male usually not much over twice as long as 
carapace. 

B!. Two large median gastric tubercles. Granules few; greater part of cara- 
pace smooth. Legs unusually long and slender, but less than three 
tinies as, long as carapace ______ _=.==—.--= tuberculata, var. A., p. 136. 

B®. Not more than one large median gastric tubercle. Granules more numer- 

ous than in B!. 
Cl. One large median gastric tubercle. Granules not nearly covering 
carapace. Rostrum longer, or just as long, as wide. 
tuberculata, typical, p. 133. 
C*. No large median gastric tubercle. Granules coarse, almost covering 
carapace. Rostrum short, wider than long. 
tubercuiata, var. B., p. 136. 


PYROMAIA CUSPIDATA Stimpson 
Plate 41 


Pyromaia cuspidata Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 110 
(type-localities, off Sand Key, 82 fathoms; off Alligator Reef, 88 fathoms; 
off the Samboes, 93 and 121 fathoms; S. W. of Sand Key, 125 fathoms; 
types not extant).—A. Miune Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 197; 
pl. 36, figs. 2-2f—Ratuswun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p.73 
(part)—Hay and Snore, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35, 1915-16 (1918), 
p. 455, pl. 38, fig. 4. 

Apiomaia cuspidata voN Martens, Zool. Rec., 1871 (1873), p. 182.—Mrers, 
Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, 1879, p. 651. 


Diagnosis.—F our (or five) spines on branchial margin. Six median 
spines or large tubercles on carapace. Rostrum tapering rather regu- 


130 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


larly to the tip. Manus of male cheliped subglobular. No spine 
near proximal end of merus of ambulatory leg. 

Description.—Adult male: Regions of carapace well marked, tumid, 
rough with granules, sharp tubercles, and spines. Six of the larger 
spines are median (2 mesogastric, 1 urogastric, 2 cardiac, 1 intestinal), 
one is protogastric, two or three are hepatic, and the remainder branch- 
ial, as follows: Four (or five) marginal and seven or eight scattered 
on dorsal surface. Of the median spines, the anterior cardiac and 
posterior mesogastric are the longest. The granules which cover the 
surface are not close together and are irregular in size. In the de- 
pressions separating the branchial from the cardiac, gastric and 
hepatic regions, there are several deep pits. Rostrum simple, be- 
tween one-fourth and one-fifth the postrostral length of carapace, 
narrow, inclined upward, trigonal, acute, its upper and lateral mar- 
gins spinulous. There is an acute, triangular, interantennular spine, 
pointing downward and slightly forward. Supraorbital spine al- 
most erect, directed slightly outward and forward. Anterior margin 
of postorbital tooth, both above and below, fringed with hair. 

Basal article of antenna with a terminal spine, a large spine at 
middle of inner margin, and a small spine at middle of outer margin 
followed by a row of tubercles or spinules. A single row of spinules 
and one spine on pterygostomian region, a tubercle at angle of buccal 
cavity. Outer maxillipeds spinulous; a longitudinal median depres- 
sion on ischium. Chelipeds and ambulatory legs covered with a 
short fur, underneath which the surface is rough with sharp granules 
or spinules. Margins of merus of cheliped armed with short spines, 
terminal spine of upper margin longer; upper margin of carpus 
spinulous, a few larger spines on outer surface; propodus much in- 
flated, subglobular; dactylus as long as the upper margin of propodus; 
both fingers bare and with two longitudinal sulci on the outer side; 
prehensile margins evenly dentate and in contact to near the base, 
where they are denticulate and gape slightly. Ambulatory legs 
spinulous; merus with an acute oblique spine at distal end. First 
abdominal segment long, bearing an acute spine pointing backward. 
Sternum oblique; anterior portion strongly retreating. 

Adult female: Chelipeds and legs almost bare. Chelipeds not 
much stouter than ambulatory legs, dactylus one and a half times as 
long as the small palm. Legs shorter than in male. 

Young: Pubescence slight, as in female. Postorbital tooth less ex- 
tensive, tip directed obliquely outward and forward; in very small 
specimens, about 7.5 mm. long, the postorbital tooth is slender and 
projects directly outward. 

Measurements —Male (46778), length of carapace 40.7, width 32, 3 
mm. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 131 


Range.—From Cape Lookout, North Carolina, to Florida Straits, 
Gulf of Mexico (west coast of Florida) and Yucatan Channel. 
Depth, 15 to 200 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 132. 


PYROMAIA ARACHNA Rathbun 
Plates 42 and 43 


Pyromaia cuspidata RarusBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 73 
(part); not P. cuspidata Stimpson. 

Pyromaia arachna Ratusun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 14, 1924, 
p. 1 (type-locality, Gulf of Mexico, SW. of Cape San Blas, Florida; 
169 fathoms; station 2400, Albatross; male holotype, Cat. No. 18144, 
U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—Three spines on branchial margin. Five median spines 
on carapace. Rostral spine slender, acuminate. Manus of male 
cheliped elongate. An erect spine near proximal 
end of merus of ambulatory legs; a fringe of 
hair on each side of dactylus. 

Description.—Adult male: In form, strongly 
resembles cuspidata. Five median spines on car- 
apace, nourogastricspine. Three marginalspines 
on branchial regions; these are exclusive of the 
spine above postero-lateral margin. Spines 
more slender than in cuspidata, the posterior 
gastric, anterior cardiac and intestinal spines 
being longest. The fine granules of the carapace 
are further apart than in cuspidata, and the in- 
terregional depressions are, to some extent, 
smooth. Rostrum more ascending than in Fie49—Pyromatacusrmara 
cuspidata, and longer, between one-third and one- {778 MAxtLIPED, x 
fourth the postrostral length of carapace; it is tri- 
angular at base, then abruptly narrows into a slender spine, having 
usually two enlarged spinules above. The spine on outer margin of 
basal article of antenna is situated near the posterior end instead 
of at the middle. 

Chelipeds and ambulatory legs naked, surface rougher than in 
cuspidata. Chelipeds less stout, margins spinous; manus swollen, 
but much narrower than in cuspidata, the length along upper margin 
twice as great as height, which slightly exceeds thickness; gape at 
base of fingers very narrow. An erect spine at proximal end of merus 
of legs, distal spine a little longer than in cuspidata; a thick fringe of 
short hair on each side of dactylus. Spine of first abdominal segment 
longer than in cuspidata. 

Adult female: Chelipeds not much stouter than ambulatory legs. 
All dorsal spines are reduced in size except the long abdominal spine. 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 133 


Young: Spines of young male longer than of young female. Post- 
orbital tooth less extensive and less curved than in the adult, as is 
also the case in cuspidata; in the carapace of the smallest arachna, 
12.5 mm. long, the tooth is curved and directed obliquely outward. 
The proximal spine on the merus of the legs is present in all sizes 
though it is very short, almost tuberculiform, in the smallest. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype (18144), length of carapace 45, 
width without spines 35 mm. 

Range.—Off South Carolina; E. part of Gulf of Mexico. Depth, 
111 to 210 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 128. 


PYROMAIA TUBERCULATA (Lockington) 


Plate 40, fig. 3; plate 218, figs. 1-4 


Inachus tuberculatus Locx1neton, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 
(1877), p. 30 [8] (type-locality, mouth of San Diego Bay, 8 fathoms; type 
not extant). 

Microrhynchus (Inachus) tuberculatus LockineTon, Proc. California Acad. 
Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 64 [2]. 

? Inachoides brevirostrum LocKINeToN, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 
1876 (1877), p. 75 [13] (type-locality, Magdalena Bay, L. C., 3 fathoms; 
type not extant). 

? Inachodes brevirostrum STREETS and Krne@suEy, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 9, 
1877, p. 105. 

Inachoides magdalenensis RATHBUN, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 
228 (type-locality, off Santa Margarita Island, Lower California; type, 
Cat. No. 17337, U.S.N.M.); Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 171. 

Neorhynchus mexicanus RaTHBUN, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 
233 (type-locality, Gulf of California, station 3030; type, Cat. No. 17350, 
U.S.N.M.). 

Dasygyius tuberculatus RATHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 570; 
Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 172, pl. 10, figs. 3 and 3a, text- 
fig. 92—Ho.tmss, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 
27.—WeymMoutn, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser. No. 4, 1910, p. 27, 
pl. 3, fig. 8. 

Inachoides tuberculatus Scumirr, Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 23, 1921, 
p. 199, text-fig. 123. 


Diagnosis.—Carapace of typical form with three enlarged median 
tubercles or spines. Antennal spines incurved at tip. Manus of 
male cheliped subglobular. Dactyls of legs unarmed in adult, 
spinulous in young. 

Description.—Adult male: Carapace broadly pyriform and finely 
pubescent; elevated portions granulate and tuberculate, with a 
larger tubercle, often spiniform, on the mesogastric, cardiac and 
intestinal regions and sometimes on the summit of the branchial 
regions. There is also a short spiniform tubercle pointing upward 
and backward on the first segment of the abdomen. Rostrum of 
variable length, from just as long to one and a third times as long as 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


134 











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136 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


wide, width measured behind the eyestalks. Supraorbital arch with 
a tubercle at summit. Postorbital tooth large, curving about the 
extremity of the eye, tip directed nearly forward. Spine at end of 
basal antennal segment slightly incurved. Sternum conspicuously 
granulate or tuberculate, pubescent, deeply grooved between seg- 
ments, a large tubercle oppdsite base of each cheliped. 

Chelipeds stout, shorter than first two or three pairs of ambula- 
tories. Hand inflated, subglobular, sparsely granulate, a longitudi- 
nal row of four or five tubercles through middle of proximal end of 
outer surface. Fingers nearly as long as palm, triangularly gaping 
when closed; a large low tooth at proximal third of immovable finger. 
Ambulatory legs slender, similar, diminishing in length from first to 
fourth pair; dactyl moderately curved, almost smooth. 

Adult female: Smaller than male; granulation more extensive, 
median and branchial tubercles less enlarged, rostrum shorter (at 
the most very little longer, about one-tenth, than wide), abdomen 
irregularly tuberculate, chelipeds slender, shorter than any of the 
legs, palms only shghtly inflated, fingers not gaping. 

Young: In the adult, the postorbital tooth is large and curves 
partly about the eye, as in typical Pyromaia; in the young, however, 
the postorbital tooth is smaller and more slender than in the adult 
and is directed outward and very little forward, the dactyls of all 
the ambulatory Jegs are, relative to their propodites, shorter and 
more curved than in the adult, and armed with spinules, that is, 
they are more prehensile. The young, therefcre, are typical Jna- 
choides. 

Variations.—Besides the remarkable variations referable to sex 
and age, there are also variations in the width of carapace, and amount 
and uniformity of granulation, the length of the rostrum, and the 
prominence of the supraorbital tubercle, which may be spiniform. 
There are two varieties which stand out noticeably by a-combination 
of characters: 

Variety A: Two large, sometimes high, median gastric tubercles. 
Granules few. Legs unusually long and slender; first leg in male 
between two and a half and three times length of carapace. Small 
specimens with postorbital tooth pointing outward. Locality, near 
the tip of the peninsula of Lower California (Cat. Nos. 21879, 21876, 
25237). 

Variety B: Carapace short, stout, branchial regions uncommonly 
swollen, hepatic region crowded toward the postorbital tooth. Gran- 
ules coarse, fairly uniform in size, almost covering the carapace. 
Rostrum broader than long. Panama Bay (Cat. No. 21875). 
A young one of the same shape but with fewer granules comes from 
a neighboring locality (Cat. No. 21874). 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 137 


Measurements.—Male (20146), length 21.7, width 17.7 mm. 
Female of large size (20146), length 15, width 12.2 mm. Male, var. 
A (21879), length 11, width 8 mm. Male, var. B (21875), length 
13.4, width 12.1 mm. 

Range.—Monterey Bay, California, 45 fathoms, 1 specimen (Wey- 
mouth). From Venice, California, to Bay of Panama. Depth, 3% 
to 66 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, pages 134-135. 


Genus DASYGYIUS Rathbun 


Microrhynchus Bru, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835, p: 88; type, 
M. gibbosus Bell; Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 40. Name 
preoccupied by Megerle von Miihlfeld for a genus of Coleoptera in Dahl’s 
‘“Coleoptera und Lepidoptera”’ [price list], Wien, 1823, p. 63. 

Cyrnus Aupourin in de Haan, Fauna Japon., 1839, p. 86 (as synonym of 
subgenus Microrhynchus). Name preoccupied by Stephens in 1836 for 
a genus of insects. 

Neorhynchus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 186 (substi- 
tuted for Microrhynchus). Name preoccupied by Sclater in 1869 for a 
genus of birds. 

Dasygyius RatTusun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 164 
(substituted for Neorhynchus). 

Carapace ovate, terminating in a short rostrum. Postocular tooth 
well developed. A fissure at middle of upper margin of orbit. Eyes 
stout, constricted before the cornea. The basal segment of the 
antennae bears a tooth or spine at its extremity, and its inner crest 
projects downward. Merus of maxillipeds cordiform. Chelipeds 
short, merus curved, subtriangular in section; fingers about as long 
as palm. Ambulatory legs subcylindrical, hairy, the first and last 
pairs shorter than the second and third; dactyli long and slender, 
slightly curved. In the male the last two segments of the abdomen 
are fused, in the female the last three segments; the first segment is 
armed with a spine or tubercle and is much longer than the second. 

Only two species known, from the west coast of middle America. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS DASYGYIUS 


Al. Carapace convex. Rostrum bifid. Extremity of male abdomen narrowly 
PMID I 1 elt al ca oa telegl aera eln F gibbosus, p. 138. 
A®. Carapace flattened. Rostrum simple. Extremity of male abdomen 
broadivenoundeds 22 sees ee ore Se 8 eee depressus, p. 138. 








25 The name of the genus is followed by a list of species included. 


138 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


DASYGYIUS GIBBOSUS (Bell) 
Plate 274, figs. 1-4 
Microrhynchus gibbosus BEuL, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835, p. 88 
(type-locality, Galapagos Islands, 6 fathoms, sandy mud; holotype not 
extant); Trans. Zool. Soe. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 41, pl. 8, figs. 1—-1c. 
Neorhynchus gibbosus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 187. 
Dasygyius gibbosus RaTHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 571. 
Diagnosis.—Carapace convex. Rostrum bifid. Extremity of male 
abdomen narrowly triangular. Ambulatory legs diminishing in the 
order 2. 3.1. 4. 
eee convex; regions elevated and separated by 
tather deep furrows; surface covered, particularly on each branchial 
region, with numerous distinct, rounded tubercles resembling very 
minute pearls. Rostrum very small and bifid. Antennae half as 
long as body, basal article as long as rostrum, with a tooth at outer 
angle. Antennular fossae less open than in D. depressus. Merus of 
maxillipeds cordate, deeply notched for the attachment of the palp. 
First segment of abdomen of male with a small tubercular tooth, 
last segment very long, its terminal portion narrowly triangular. 
Chelipeds moderately enlarged, granulate; hand rounded; fingers 
arched, gaping for more than half their length, denticulate at the 
extremities, a basal tooth on the dactylus. The ambulatory legs 
diminish in length in the order 2, 3, 1, 4; they are cylindrical and 
hairy. (After Bell.) 
Color.—Y ellowish-white. 
Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 15.2 mm. 
(6 lines), width 12.7 mm. (5 lines.) (Bell.) 
Range.—Known only from the type-specimen from the Galapagos 
Islands, 6 fathoms, sandy mud. 


DASYGYIUS DEPRESSUS (Bell) 
Plate 1; plate 274, figs. 5-8 


Microrhynchus depressus Brut, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835, p. 88 
(type-locality, Galapagos Islands, 6 fathoms, sandy mud; female, holotype 
not extant); Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 42, pl. 8, figs. 2, 
2d-f. 

Neorhynchus depressus A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 187. 

Dasygyius depressus RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 570; 
vol. 38, 1910, p. 571. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace flattened. Rostrum simple. Extremity of 
male abdomen broadly rounded. Ambulatory legs diminishing in 
the order 8, 2, 4, 1. 

Deion 0 ae depressed, covered with ne granulations 
with here and there occasional larger ones; a short stout spine near 
the margin of the branchial region. Hpiumeedl plates well developed 
and produced in a spine beeen the second and third, and third 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 139 


and fourth ambulatory legs. Rostrum triangular, tipped with a 
small, slightly capitate spine. Eyes large, flattened. Basal antennal 
article with dentate margins, terminating in two teeth, the outer the 
longer, incurved at tip. Second article (or first movable article) of the 
antennules exceeding in length the fossa, and in 
large specimens exceeding the rostrum. Maxil- 
lipeds rather widely separated; ischium with a 
shallow sulcus; merus strongly cordiform, very 
narrow at base. 

Chelipeds of male stout, granulate; margins 
of merus tuberculate; palm inflated, subglobular; 
fingers narrowly gaping at base, finely crenulate 
in the gape, crenate along meeting edges; dacty- 
lus with a notch at base. Chelipeds of female 
weaker than legs, palms not swollen. The ambu- 
latory legs diminish in the order 3, 2, 4, 1, three 
and two being nearly the same length; they are 
Fig. 50.Dasyovis perres. granulate and hairy, the first pair conspicuously 

sus (21873), maxuuiren, X hairy with a fringe of hair on either side; the 

wn hairiness diminishes from the first to the 
fourth pair, and the granulation diminishes from the proximal to the 
distal end of each leg; dactyli unarmed. 

First segment of abdomen armed with a long, horizontal, conical, 
acute spine. In the male the sides of the last two segments are 
subparallel, the extremity 
broadly rounded. In the 
mature female the last or 
fused segment is much wider 
than long, almost covering 
the sternum laterally, the 
distal margin straight or 
slightly concave. Sternum 
of male flat, except in front Fig. 51.—DAsyGyIus see S36 MALE (21873), LEFT 
of the chelipeds where, in 
both sexes, there is a smooth swelling and anterior to that a small 
spine between the maxillipeds. 

Color.—Nearly white, with a very slight pinkish tinge. (Bell.) 

Measurements.—Male (21874), length of carapace 20.6, width 19.8 
mm. Female (21874), length of carapace 20, width 20 mm. 

Range.—Gulf of California, Mexico; Galapagos Islands. Depth, 
6 to 26.5 fathoms. 

Material examined. — 

Gulf of California; April 30, 1888; Albatross: 

Lat. 24° 18’ 00’’ N., long. 110° 22’ 00’’ W.; 26.5 fathoms; brk. Sh. ; 
station 2823; 14 males, 22 females (21873). 








140 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Lat. 24° 16’ 00’ N., long. 110° 22’ 00’’ W.; 21 fathoms; gy. S. brk. 
Sh.; station 2822; 2 males, 3 females (18143). 


Subfamily ACANTHONYCHINAE 


Epialtidae + Huenidae M’Lray, in Smith, Illus. Zool. 8. Africa, Annulosa, 
1838, p. 56. 

Acanthonychinae Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, pp. 160, 
164, 190. 

Acanthonychidae StresBina, Ann. 8S. Afr. Mus., vol. 6, 1910, p. 286. 


Eyes without true orbits; eyestalks little movable, either short and 
more or less concealed beneath a forwardly-directed supraocular 
spine, or obsolescent and almost or completely sunk either in the sides 
of a huge beak-like rostrum, or between low preocular and postocular 
excrescences; a distinct postocular spine, which is not cupped 
(except in Sphenocarcinus) may be present. Rostrum either simple 
or two-spined. Basal antennal article truncate-triangular. Ex- 
ternal maxillipeds with the merus as broad as the ischium and with 
the palp arising from the antero-internal angle of the merus. Dactyli 
of ambulatory legs often prehensile or subchelate, the legs of the first 
pair often disproportionately long compared to those of the last three 
pairs. (After Alcock.) 


KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY ACANTHONYCHINAE 


A!, Carapace broadly oval, smooth. Rostrum subtriangular, bidentate. Post- 
OLrpitaletoothe wanting wor ssi ais a eee ees Taliepus, p. 162. 
A?. Carapace subpentagonal, oblong or pyriform, or, if oval, not smooth. 

B'. Carapace subpentagonal or oblong, with only two lateral lobes (one 
hepatic, one branchial), postorbital tooth lacking or minute, rostrum 
simple or bilobed at tip only. 

C!, Eyestalks short, immovable, without the shelter of a supraocular eave 
or postocular tooth. Carapace lumpy____-__-_- Mocosoa, p. 158. 

C*. Eyestalks longer, movable. 
D'. Some strong tubercles on dorsal surface of carapace. A _ strong 
thumblike process near proximal end of propodites of ambulatory 


ORR eee Peg ene nec WRN es Dae es Eupleurodon, p. 160. 
D?. Carapace nearly smooth. Preorbital tooth usually lacking; when 
PIesenib cs Wes yeh a ke ele ee Epialtus, p. 144. 


B?. Not as in B!, 
C!. Ambulatory legs subchelate. Carapace suboblong, with three lateral 
teeth or lobes. A blunt preorbital lobe; no postorbital tooth. 
Acanthonyx, p. 141. 
C?. Ambulatory legs not subchelate. 

D'. Carapace oval. Postorbital tooth present. Preorbital tooth ab- 
sent. Carapace lumpy. Front tuberculiform, broader than long. 
Esopus, p. 191. 

D*. Carapace subpentagonal or suboblong. 

E'. Antennae visible in dorsal view at sides of rostrum. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 141 
F'. No postorbital tooth or spine. Rostrum, in American species, 
bifureate for half its length, horns widely divergent. 
Menaethiops, p. 189. 
F?. A postorbital tooth. Carapace with two lateral expansions, one 
or both more or less laminate, the hepatic expansion subdivided, 
its anterior portion forming a postorbital tooth or lobe. 
G!. Lateral expansions both very broad, inwardly united, out- 
wardly marked by a closed fissure_----~- -- Mimulus, p. 182. 
G?. Lateral expansions narrower and separated by a sinus. 
Pugettia, p. 167. 
E?. Antennae not visible in dorsal view at sides of rostrum. 
F!. Rostrum short, triangular, partly divided by a closed median 
slit. Legs more or less cristate.._...._.__..--.- Leucippa, p. 184. 
F?. Rostrum long, two-horned. Legs not cristate. 
Sphenocarcinus, p. 185. 


Genus ACANTHONYX Latreille 


Acanthonyx LaTREILLE, Encye. Méth., Hist. Nat., Insectes, vol. 10, 1825, 
p. 698; type, A. lunulatus (Risso); Cuvier’s Régne Anim., ed. 2, vol. 4, 
1829, p. 58.—Mitne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 342 
(part) —A. Mitng Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 142.—Mrtrrs, 
Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, 1879, p. 650; Challenger Rept., Zool., 
vol. 17, 1886, p. 42.—Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, p 
198.—RatTuBoun, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), 

. 60. 

Mera GrirFitH, Cuvier’s Animal Kingdom, vol. 13, 1833, p. 165, in sy- 
nonymy of Acanthonyx; type, M. glabra Griffith. Not Meria Rossi, 1807 
(Hymenoptera). 

Peltinia Dana (part), Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, pp. 272 and 
433; U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, pp. 84 and 129; vol. 
2, 1853, p. 1422. 

Carapace suboblong, rounded behind, almost smooth, not markedly 
constricted behind the prominent antero-lateral angles, the lateral 
branchial spines small and not prominent. Preocular spine or lobe 
prominent. Orbits small, entirely filled by the stout eyestalks; 
corneal end small. No postorbital tooth. Spines of rostrum united 
at base, acute, little divergent. Antennae visible at sides of rostrum. 
Merus of outer maxillipeds transverse, dilated at antero-external 
angle, slightly notched at antero- eal angle. 

Chelipeds of adult male well developed; palm compressed, but 
slightly turgid in the middle, often slightly carinate above; fingers 
acute, gaping when closed. Legs short, rather Bee ee anine in 
length successively from first to fourth pair, compressed; penulti- 
mate article more or less dilated, the posterior margin concave and 
setose near end, at broadest part forming a blunt tooth against 
which the dactylus fits like a claw, when flexed; dactylus spinous on 
posterior margin. Abdomen of male with five or six segments. 


5487—25t 




















142 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Widely distributed on both coasts of middle America; Azores; 
Cape Verde Islands; Mediterranean; Red Sea; Indian Ocean; 
Hawaiian Islands. 

Only one American species, which is found on both sides of the 


continent. 
ACANTHONYX PETIVERII Milne Edwards 


Plate 44; plate 222, figs. 1-6 


Acanthonyz petiverii MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 343 
(type-locality, Antilles; type in Paris Mus.)—Dana, U.S. Expl. Exped., 
vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 128; 1855, atlas, pl. 5, fig. 6a-d.—A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, pl. 27, figs. 7-7f—Ratusun, Bull. 
U.S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 60; Proc. U. S. Nat. 
Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 534, pl. 46, fig. 4 (after Milne Edwards and Lucas). 

Acanthonyx emarginatus Minune Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. 
VAmér. Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1843, p. 9; atlas, vol. 9, 1847, pl. 5, fig. 2 
(type-locality, near Lima, Peru; type in Paris Mus.). 

Acanthonyx debilis Dana, Amer: Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, p. 272 
(type-locality, Valparaiso, Chile; type not extant); U.S. Expl. Exped., 
vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 127; 1855, atlas, pl. 5, fig. 5 a and b. 

Peltinia scutiformis Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, p. 273 
(type-locality, Bay of Rio Janeiro; type not extant); U.S. Expl. Exped., 
vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 180; 1855, atlas, pl. 5, fig. 7a—c. 

Acanthonyx concamerata KINAHAN, Journ. Roy. Dublin Soe., vol. 1, 1857, 
p. 334, pl. 14, fig. 1 (type-locality, North Cinchas Island, Peru; type in 
Mus. Roy. Dublin Soe.). 

Acanthonyx petivert Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871, 
p. 97.—A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 148, and synonymy. 

Pugettia scutiformis*® Miers, Challenger Rept., vol. 17, 1886, p. 40, foot- 
note.—Morerra, Arch. Mus. Nae. Rio de Janeiro, vol. 11, 1901, pp. 65 
and 138; Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 45, 1920, p. 126, footnote.—?LENz 
and Srrunck, Deutsche Siidpolar Exped. 1901-1903, vol. 15, Zool. 7, 
1914, p. 276. 


Diagnosis.—Hepatic lobe large; two small branchial lobes. Pre- 
orbital tooth obtuse. Male abdomen with six segments. 

Description.—Antero-lateral angles subrectangular, obtuse, frontal 
region triangular. Two small teeth on margin of branchial region. 
Carapace almost smooth; three obscure setiferous tubercles on 
gastric region, one on the cardiac and one on the intestinal region; 
these tubercles are obsolete in the female, but the setae remain. 
Lateral teeth and rostrum setiferous. Rostrum short, deflexed, 
bifid. Preorbital lobes obtuse, elevated. Basal article of antennae 
unarmed, the next two articles subcylindrical, attaining end of 
rostrum; flagellum very slender. Chelipeds with merus subtriangu- 
late; carpus with an external crest and two or three setiferous 








26 Dana’s Peltinia scutiformis is undoubtedly the young of Acanthonyx petiverii. A young male in the 
National Museum collection (19066), 5 mm. long, approximately the size of Dana’s P. scutiformis, agrees 
with Dana’s colored figure, 7a, U. S. Expl. Exped. atlas, pl. 5, except that the greater part of the yellow 
spot in the center of the carapace has disappeared. A. Milne Edwards (Crust. Rég. Mex.) comments on 
the narrowness of the penultimate article of the legs in the young of A petiverii. It is impossible to tell 
with certainty whether Lenz and Strunck’s specimens are the young of petiverii or of an allied species. 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERsCA 143 


tubercles; manus enlarged and compressed; fingers finely dentate, 
gaping to the extremity in male, almost entirely closed in female. 
Ambulatory legs with tufts of setae on extremities of articles; merus 
and carpus with a few setiferous tubercles on anterior or upper 
margin. Abdomen with fourth and fifth segments coalesced in 
both sexes. 
Color.—Dark fawn-color (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 
Measurements.—Male (40455), length of carapace to tip of horns 
18.7, width 12.5 mm. 
Variations.—A variable species. Ambulatory legs less cheliform in 
females and young than in adult males. Propodites in the young 
(5 mm. long) only slightly enlarged. (See 
Peltinia scutiformis.) Different names have 
been given on the size of the male hand, the 
development of the crest on the wrist, the 
presence or obsolescence of tubercles on the 
carapace, and other minor and age characters. 
Range.—Southern Florida and the Baha- 
mas to Rio de Janeiro; Lower California, 
Mexico, to Valparaiso, Chile; Galapagos 
Islands (Bell). Shallow water to 6 fathoms. 
Material examined.— 
S Miami, Florida: G. M. Gray; 1 male 
Ay (42150). 
, Harbor Island, Bahamas: July 8, 1893; 
ate Oisd), manniinen cil2. State University of Iowa Expedition; 1 male 
(18673), 2 males (Mus. S. U. I.). 
Ensenada de Santa Rosa, Cuba: May 19, 1914; station 7; Tomas 
Barrera Exped., Henderson and Bartsch; 1 male, 1 female (48670). 
Port Royal Cayes, Jamaica: P. W. Jarvis; 1 young (19066). 
Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: 1 young (24151). Arroyo; February 
3 and 4; 1 male, 2 females (24153). Arroyo, on lighthouse reef; 
February 3; 1 female, 1 young (24152). 
St. Thomas, West Indies (Copenhagen Mus.). 
St. John, West Indies (Copenhagen Mus.). 
St. Croix, West Indies (Copenhagen Mus.). 
Fox Bay, Colon, Panama: January 20, 1912;Meek and Hildebrand, 
Smithson. Biol. Sury.; 1 ovigerous female (56538). 
Klein Bonaire, Dutch West Indies; among coral rocks, in tide 
pools; July 11,1905; J. Boeke; 1 female (42959), 1 female (Leiden Mus.). 
Curagao: Great Bay, Wacao; one-half fathom, among algae; Octo- 
ber 3, 1905; 1 male (Leiden Mus.). Caracas Bay; April 8, 1920; 
C. J. van der Horst; 8 males, 7 females (Amsterdam Mus.), 2 males, 
2 females (56862). West Point; May 14, 1920; C. J. van der Horst. 
4 males, 2 females (1 ovigerous) (Amsterdam Mus.). 


144 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Puerto Cabello, Venezuela: F. Meinert (Copenhagen Mus.). 

Mamanguape stone reef, Brazil: June 22, 1899; A. W. Greeley, 
Branner-Agassiz Eixped.; 1 female (25752). 

Pernambuco, Brazil (?); 1875-1877; R. Rathbun, Hartt Explora- 
tions; 1 male, 1 female (19946). 

Boa Viagem, Brazil, stone reef 5 miles S. of Pernambuco; 1899; 
A. W. Greeley, Branner-Agassiz Exped.; 1 female (Stanford Univ.). 

Mar Grande, Bay of Bahia, Brazil; 1875-1877; R. Rathbun, 
Hartt Explorations; 1 female (U.S.N.M.). 

Guaraparim, Brazil; Thayer Exped.; 1 ovigerous female (2035, 
M.. Zid). 

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Copenhagen Mus.). 

Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Carlos Moreira; 1 male, 1 
young female (56010). 

Rat Island, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 3 males, 2 females (1 ovigerous) 
(2038, M. C. Z.). 

Magdalena Bay, Lower California, Mexico: 1 male (Mus. San 
Diego Nat. Hist. Soc.). 

Perico Island, Panama: October 26, 1904; Albatross; 1 male 
(33394). 

Bay of Sechura, Peru: About half way between Bayovar and Mata- 
caballo; 5 to 6 fathoms; April 10, 1907; R. E. Coker; 1 female (40454), 
received from Peruvian Government. 

Near Callao, Peru: 5 specimens (2118, M. C. Z.). 

Chincha, North Island, Peru: June 18, 1907; R. E. Coker; 1 
male, 1 female (Peruvian Government); 1 male, 2 females (40455), 
received from Peruvian Government. 

Chincha Islands, Peru: R. C. Murphy; 1 very. young (Brooklyn 
Mus.). 

Paracas Bay, Peru: U.S. C.S.S. Hassler; 1 male (2036, M. C. Z.). 

Caldera, Chile: U.S. C. 8S. S. Hassler; 1 ovigerous female (2037, 
M...C..Z.). 

Genus EPIALTUS Milne Edwards 


Epialtus Mitne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 344 (part); 
type, HE. bituberculatus Milne Edwards; type specified by Miers, Journ. 
Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, 1879, p. 650.—A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. 
Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 138 (part).—Mznrs, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 
14, 1879, p. 650 (part; Antilibinia excluded). 

Carnifex GistEL, Naturg. Thierreichs, Stuttgart, 1848, p. IX; substi- 
tuted for Epialtus Milne Edwards, thought to be preoccupied by Ephialtes 
Gravenhorst. 


Carapace broad, subpentagonal or oblong, almost smooth, with 
two lateral, more or less laminate projections, sometimes very largely 
developed. Rostrum broad, triangular or oblong, entire or bilobed 
at tip. Eyes small. Preorbital tooth either present or absent; 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 145 


postorbital small, minute, or wanting. Basal article of antenna 
triangular; movable part concealed beneath rostrum. Chelipeds of 
male strong; fingers either gaping or in contact; tips excavate or 
spoon-shaped. Ambulatory legs subcylindrical, diminishing suc- 
cessively in length from first to fourth; propodites sometimes with an 
inferior tooth or bunch of setae; dactyli with two rows of spinules 
beneath. Abdomen of male with six or seven segments, of female 
with five or seven segments. Small species. 

Found on both sides of the American continent, from southern 
California to Chile and from northern Florida to the State of Santa 
Catharina, Brazil. Bermudas (Verrill). South Africa (Stebbing). 

The subdivision of the motley genus Epialtus was suggested by 
A. Milne Edwards and by Miers.”” The former went so far as to 
make three subgeneric divisions which he formed on two characters, 
the absence or presence of lobes on the rostrum and of a tooth on the 
lower margin of the propodites of the legs. This grouping would 
bring together species known to-day which differ widely in other 
respects and would separate other species which are in the main 
closely related. It is possible, however, to regroup the species on 
general characters. On this basis I have placed the three large oval 
species of similar aspect, occurring on the west coast of America, 
in the genus Taliepus (subgenera Nos. 2 and 3 of A. Milne Edwards, 
exclusive of E. productus). EE. productus is more closely related to 
Pugettia than to true Epialtus and has been transferred to that 
genus. 

This leaves in Hpialtus numerous small forms which are wonder- 
fully diversified, but indubitably of one genus. 

The species with bilobed rostrum appear to be derived from those 
with simple rostrum, and those rostra which approach an oblong 
shape are more likely to be divided than those which are triangular 
or linear. £. dilatatus shows the simplest form of bilobed rostrum, 
the lobes so shallow that Milne Edwards, while figuring the emargi- 
nation, yet groups the species among those with entire and obtuse, 
rostra. The character of the propodal tooth may be the result of 
environment, the habit of clinging to algae having perhaps required 
a means of attachment afforded by subchelate ambulatories. At 
present we know too little of the relative habits of E. bituberculatus 
and L. brasiliensis to determine why, with similar carapaces and 
chelipeds, one should have slender, unarmed propodites and the 
other, stout propodites provided with a strong, digital tooth. 

Various forms allied to bituberculatus have been described in the 
past but their relative value has been in doubt owing to intermediates. 
In recent years the collection in the National Museum has increased 
to such an extent that it is possible to say, with a fair degree of 


27 Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, 1879, p. 650. 


146 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


probability, that certain forms are specifically distinct, while others 
showing minor but rather constant differences, not correlated with 
geographical distribution, are designated as formae. 


KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS EPIALTUS 


A!. Propodites of ambulatory legs without a tooth on lower surface. 
B!'. Rostrum simple, margin entire or nearly so. 
C!. Rostrum not dorsally carinate. 

D!. Tip of rostrum either rounded or truncate, not spiniform. 
E'. Carapace with a very shallow sinus between lateral lobes. Hand 
of male high. Preorbital angles obtuse. Tip of rostrum rounded. 
bituberculatus, p. 148. 

E?. Carapace with a deep sinus between lateral lobes. 

¥!. Rostrum narrow. Hand of male elongate. Preorbital angles 


sharp. 
G'. Rostrum very narrow, sides parallel, tip subtruncate, with 
faint indication of two lobes___________- longirostris, p. 151. 


G?. Rostrum a little wider, tip slightly arcuate in dorsal view. 
longirostris forma portoricensis, p. 151. 
F2. Rostrum broad. Branchial lobe acute, hepatic lobe rounded. 

G!. Legs long and very slender, especially the first pair. Postor- 
bital part of carapace nearly one and a half times as wide 
asilong sf. ceo2t Dolpa bel S ft eee bermudensis 2° 

G?. Legs stout and shorter thanin G!. Postorbital part of carapace 
about one and a fourth times as wide as long. Margin of 
hepatic lobe crenulate_______._._.-_____ crenulatus, p. 158. 

D?. Tip of rostrum spiniform below. Upper crest of palm laminiform. 
sulcirostris, p. 150. 
C*. Rostrum dorsally carinate. Carapace widest at hepatic regions. 
Cardiac region conical i305 Fees a as ae ile ae kingsleyi, p. 152. 

B?. Rostrum either bilobed or bidentate. 

C!. Rostrum short; carapace in front of anterior margin of hepatic lobe 
much shorter than behind the same margin; hepatic lobe much larger 
than branchial lobe. 

D'. Hepatic lobe directed more or less forward; rostrum oblong; no tuft 

of hair on propoditessot legssiv 3 ee te hiltoni, p. 156. 

D?. Hepatic lobe not directed forward; rostrum narrowing anteriorly; a 

tuft of hair on propodites of legs___.___________-- dilatatus, p. 153. 

C*. Rostrum long; hepatic and branchial lobes more nearly of a size; a 

tuft of hair on propodites of legs. 
D!. Carapace widest across branchial regions; length in front of hepatic 
lobes nearly as great as behind the same line. 
dilatatus forma elongata, p. 154. 
D?. Carapace about equally wide across hepatic and across branchial 
regions; length in front of hepatic lobes greater than, or nearly as 
great as, behind the same line__________________ minimus, p. 155. 
A’. Propodites of ambulatory legs with a tooth on lower surface. 
B'. Rostrum triangular, simple. Carapace subtriangular_brasiliensis, p. 149. 
B?. Rostrum oblong, with bilobed tip______..___________ peruvianus, p. 157. 


Species on both sides of the continent: bituberculatus. 





* Not American. Verrill, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci., vol. 11, 1901, p. 16, pl. 1, fig. 1. 


* 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 147 


BOO 

BOGE 
GOOG 
WUE 


Fic. 53.—EPIALTUS, OUTLINES OF THE CARAPACE OF DIFFERENT SPECIES. a. BITUBERCULATUS, MALE, 
CHILE, X 3.5, AFTER A. MILNE EDWARDS. 0b. BITUBERCULATUS, FEMALE, CHILE, X 2.8, AFTER 
A. MILNE EDWARDS. Cc. SULCIROSTRIS, MALE (47112), 5.7 MM. LONG. d. BRASILIENSIS, MALE (56011), 
6.6 MM. LONG. ¢. BRASILIENSIS, 13.7 MM. LONG, AFTER DANA. ff. CRENULATUS, FEMALE (18135), 
6.4MM.LONG. g. LONGIROSTRIS, FEMALE (43019), 7 MM. LONG. h. LONGIROSTRIS FORMA PORTORICENSIS, 
MALE (24154), 5.7 MM. LONG. i. PERUVIANUS, MALE (54208), 4.8 MM. LONG. j. DILATATUS, FEMALE, ST. 
THOMAS, AFTER A. MILNE EDWARDS. k. DILATATUS FURMA ELONGATA, MALE (47090), 11.5 MM. LONG. 
l. KINGSLEYI, MALE HOLOTYPE, 7.7 MM. LONG» ™m. HILTONI, MALE, HOLOTYPE, 13.6 MM. LONG. 7. HIL- 
TONI, MALE, LAGUNA, 16.1 MM. LONG. 0. MINIMUS, MALE, PATOS ISLAND, 21 MM. LONG. 





148 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


EPIALTUS BITUBERCULATUS Milne Edwards 


Plate 45, figs. 3 and 4 


Epialtus bituberculatus MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 
345, pl. 15, fig. 11 (type-locality, Chile; type in Paris Mus.).—Guippzs, 
Proc. Amer. Assoc, Adv. Sci., 3rd meeting, 1850, p. 173 [9].—A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 139 (part), pl. 27, figs. 1-1d, 2-2e, 
3-3c.—RaTHBUN (part), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 67; Bull. 
U.S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 60; Harriman Alaska 
Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 173. 

Epialtus affinis Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1859, p. 
49 (type-locality, Indian River, Florida; type not extant); Bull. Mus. 
Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 128. 


Diagnosis.—Rostrum simple. Lateral margin with a very shallow 
sinus between the lobes. Preorbital angles obscure. Hand high. 
Deseription.—Carapace subpentagonal; 
two tubercles on gastric region; two lateral 
lobes, one hepatic, the other branchial; 
carapace widest across the branchial lobes; 
anterior margin of hepatic lobes oblique. 
Preorbital angles scarcely marked; postor- 
bital teeth minute. Rostrum triangular, 
extremity simple, obtuse. (Fig. 53, a, b.) 
Chelipeds of adult male strong. Inner 
margin of merus and carpus laminate; two 
crests on outer surface of carpus. Palm 
very high at distal end, compressed, upper 
edge acute. Dactylus with a very large 
_ tooth in the gape of the fingers. Legs slen- 
Fig. 54.—Epiattus Birupercutatus, der, a tuft of hairs on lower borderof penul- 
MALE (24849), MAXILLIPED, X 16 : - . : 
timate article, occasionally occupying a 
slight prominence. Body and appendages covered with a coat of 
short, brown pubescence. Fourth and fifth abdominal somites united 
in male, fourth, fifth and sixth in female. 

Measurements.—Male (19944), length of carapace 11.8, width 8.7 
mm. 

Range.—From Indian River, Florida, to Desterro, Brazil; Chile 
(Milne Edwards). 

Material examined.— 

Key West, Florida; February 4, 1901; B. A. Bean and W. H. King; 
1 male, 2 females (24849). 

Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Arroyo; February 3; 1 male, 5 young 
(24157); on lighthouse reef, 1 young (24156). Fajardo; February 17; 
1 female (24158). 

Fox Bay, Colon, Panama; January 20, 1912; Meek and Hildebrand, 
Smithson. Biol. Surv.; 1 ovigerous female (56535). 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF. AMERICA 149 


Sabanilla, Colombia; March, 1884; Albatross; 1 male (18131). 
Pernambuco (?), Brazil; 1876-1877; R. Rathbun, Hartt Explora- 
tions; 1 male, 1 female (19944). 


EPIALTUS BRASILIENSIS Dana 
Plate 220, fig. 1 


Epialtus brasiliensis Dana, U. 8. Explor. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 
1852, p. 132; atlas, 1855, pl. 6, fig. 1 (type-locality, Rio Janeiro, Brazil; 
type not extant).—Morerra, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 45, 1920, p. 126. 


Diagnosis.—A large tooth on propodites of last three legs. Rostrum 
simple. Anterior margin of hepatic lobe transverse (fig. 53, d, e). 

Description.—Carapace and chelipeds much as in E. bituberculatus; 
the anterior margin of the hepatic lobe is transverse instead of sloping 





ic. 55.—EPIALTUS BRASILIENSIS, MALE (56011), PROPODUS OF LAST THREE LEGS, X 18. a. FOURTH LEG. 
b. THIRD LEG. c. SECOND LEG 


backward and outward. The legs are much stouter than in bituber- 
culatus and the last three pairs also very short, the propodite bearing 


_a large tooth on the lower margin near the proximal end. 


Color (from figure).—Natal brown, with a large triangular patch in 
center of carapace, and also the two gastric tubercles, colored a pale 
vinaceous-fawn. 

Measurements (from Dana’s figure).—Male, type, length of cara- 
pace about 13.7, width about 10.7 mm. 

Locality.—Known only from Rio de Janeiro and vicinity. Along 
the seashore, among seaweed (Dana); in Fucus natans (Moreira). 

Material examined.—Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Carlos 
Moreira; 1 male, 1 immature female (56011). 

Variation.—The specimens at hand are small, the larger one, 
male, 6.6 mm. long, little more than half as large as the male figured 
by Dana. The propodites of the last three legs are furnished with a 

5487—25t——12 


150 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


basal protuberance which is much smaller than in the type and is 
directed not distad but normal to the article; the tubercle is smallest 
on the second ambulatory and largest on the fourth. The rostrum 
is faintly bilobed at tip. The anterior margin of the hepatic region 
slopes backward and outward and bears a small tubercle not far 
from the antero-lateral angle; the outer or anterior margin of the 
branchial lobe likewise has a tubercle about the same distance from 
the postero-lateral angle. These characters may represent age 
variations. 


EPIALTUS SULCIROSTRIS Stimpson 
Plate 46, fig. 3; plate 47, fig. 2 


Epialtus sulcirostris Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, 
p. 198 [70] (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; cotype in Paris Mus.).—A. 
MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 141, pl. 27, figs. 6—-6b. 


Diagnosis.—Rostrum thick, simple, tip spiniform below. Crest on 
hand laminiform. 

Description.—Carapace nearly or quite as wide at hepatic as at 
branchial regions; hepatic angles squarer and more prominent than 
in E. bituberculatus. No postorbital tooth; a prominent preorbital 
lobe on which is a small tooth and in front of which the rostrum 
abruptly narrows. Rostrum thick, upper margins somewhat angled, 
tip produced below in a slender spine, shorter in the old than in the 
young; upper and lower surfaces a little concave; lower surface 
triangular in shape, narrower than upper, and separated from it by 
a deep lateral groove. (Fig. 53, c.) r 

Body snd feet nearly smooth and naked. Chelipeds pubescent; 
upper crest of hand laminiform, very prominent above insertion of 
dactylus. Ambulatory legs slender, with no vestige of a thumb- 
process on the penult article, excepting in the first pair, where there 
is, at the distal fourth of the lower side, a small projection or socket 
bearing a few hairs. 

Measurements.—Male, type, length of carapace 0.36 inch (9.1 
mm.), width 0.27 inch (6.9 mm.). Male (47112), length 5.7, width 
4mm. Male (San Marcos), length 11, width 9 mm. 

Range.—Lower California, from Santa Maria Bay to Cape St.» 
Lucas and Gulf of California. 

Material examined.—Santa Maria Bay, Lower California; March 
18, 1911; Albatross; 1 small male (47112), without chelipeds or legs. 

San Marcos Island; on kelp; June, 1921; Johnson and Baker, 
California Academy Expedition; 2 males (Cal. Acad. Sci.). 


= 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 15 


EPIALTUS LONGIROSTRIS Stimpson 


Epialtus longirostris Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 
1860, p. 199 (type-locality, St. Thomas; cotype in Paris Mus.); Bull. 
Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 2, 1871, p. 128A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. 
Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 141, pl. 27, figs. 5-5c.—Kinesuey, Proc. Acad. Nat 
Sci. Philadelphia, 1879, p. 385. 

Diagnosis.—Rostrum very narrow, truncate. Sides of carapace 
deeply bilobed. Arm cylindrical, hand long and narrow, fingers 
thick. 

Description.—Postgastric and cardiac regions rather prominent. 
Carapace nearly as wide across hepatic as across branchial regions. 
Lateral sinus much deeper than in the three preceding species and 
deeper in male than in female. Hepatic lobe a little larger than 
branchial lobe, both acute. The two gastric tubercles are distinct. 
Preorbital angle strong, sharp; from it the rostrum rapidly narrows 
to a long, slender beak, which is 
rather thick, truncated at extremity, 
the anterior surface rectangular, 
about twice as wide as high. Post- 
orbital tooth obscure, not projecting; 
a tubercle on anterior margin of 
hepatic lobe. (Fig. 53,9.) 

Chelipeds without sharp margins; 
merus cylindrical; carpus with large 
} ; tubercle on outer surface; palm elon- 
Fic. 56.—EPIALTUS LONGIROSTRIS, MALE gate, little compressed, enlarging 

(48742), LEFT CHELIPED. ‘THE CARAPACE IS shghtly toward distal end; fingers 

ABOUT 7.5 MM. LONG 

short and very stout, bent down, a 
small oval gape at base in male. Ambulatory legs slender, without 
tufts of hair on propodites except a slight one on first pair. 

Measurements.—Male (48742), length (tip of rostrum lacking) 
7.5, width 5.5 mm. Female (43019), length 7, width 4.8 mm. 

Range.—Florida (Sarasota Bay and Key West), Cuba, Jamaica 
and St. Thomas. 

Material examined.— 

On reef Lavesos Italienos, opposite Cayo Lavesos, Cuba; 2 to 3 
fathoms; Co. S. R.; station 14, Tomas Barrera Exped.; Henderson 
and Bartsch; 1 male (48742). 

Jamaica; 1910; E. A. Andrews; 1 female (43019). 





EPIALTUS LONGIROSTRIS forma PORTORICENSIS Rathbun 


Epialtus longirostris forma portoricensis RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washing- 
ton, vol. 36, 1923, p. 72 (type-locality, Ensenada Honda, Culebra Island; 
holotype, Cat. No. 24154, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—Differs from typical longirostris only in the rostrum 
being slightly wider and less thick, and the tip slightly arcuate in 
dorsal view. 


152 BULLETIN 129, UNITED. STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Description.—Of the two specimens the male is much smaller 
than the female. In both the carapace is just as wide at the hepatic 
as at the branchial regions, but the rostrum is a little wider in the 
female than in the male and its sides less parallel. (Fig. 53, h.) 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 5.7, width 
3.7mm. Ovigerous female (24155), length 8.6, width 6.4 mm. 

Range.—Known only from Porto Rican waters. 

Material examined.— 

Ensenada Honda, Culebra Island, Porto Rico; February 9, 1899; 
Fish Hawk; 1 male holotype (24154). 

Mayaguez, Porto Rico; January 20, 1899; Fish Hawk; 1 ovigerous 


female (24155). 
EPIALTUS KINGSLEYI Rathbun 


Plate 45, fig. 1 


Epialtus kingsleyi RatHusun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 36, 1923, 
p. 71 (type-locality, Florida; holotype, Cat. No. 53068, U.S.N.M.). 


Diagnosis.—Rostrum dorsally carinate, truncate. Carapace widest 
at hepatic regions. Cardiac region conical. (Fig. 53, 1.) 

Description.—Carapace nearly as broad as long, broadest across 
hepatic regions. Rostrum strongly deflexed, very high, broadest at 
its middle, from which it tapers to a truncate tip which is an equi- 
lateral triangle in front view; lower surface concave, upper surface 
much smaller, triangular, followed anteriorly by an acute ridge from 
which the sides fall obliquely. Orbital arches swollen, without 
tooth. A small postorbital tooth or angle, close behind the eye. 
Hepatic lobe much larger than branchial, extremity broadly rounded, 
anterior margin nearly transverse, bearing a low tooth or tubercle 
about half way between tip and eye, posterior margin convex. 
Interregional sinus deep. Branchial lobe small, sides concave, ex- 
tremity narrow, acute. Cardiac region very high, conical; branchial 
region occupied chiefly by a smooth, round.boss. The antennae fall 
short of end of rostrum. Third, fourth, and fifth segments of abdo- 
men fused. 

The cheliped is heavy for the size of the animal and is elongate, 
the palm gradually increasing in height from the proximal to the 
distal end, and, measured horizontally, is about twice as long as 
the strongly arched fingers; it is sparingly tuberculated on and near 
the upper margin. The merus is less obviously tuberculated, having 
one or two tubercles on each margin. The fingers gape widely, the 
propodal finger being curved well below the palm; at the proximal 
third of the prehensile margin of the dactylus, there is a small tooth. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of garapace 7.7, greatest 
width (hepatic) 7.2, branchial width 6.7 mm. 

Range.—F lorida. 

















THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 153 


Material examined.—Florida; exact locality not given; A. S. 
Packard, collector; 1 male holotype (53068); presented by J. S. 
Kingsley to the Boston Society of Natural History. 


* EPIALTUS DILATATUS A. Milne Edwards 
Plate 45, fig. 2 


Epialtus dilatatus A. Mink Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 140, pl. 
27, figs. 4-4b (type-locality, St. Thomas; type in Paris Mus.). 

Epialtus bituberculatus RaTHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, 
vol. 4, 1898, p. 255. 


¥ 


Diagnosis.—Rostrum slightly bilobed. Hepatic lobe larger than 
branchial. Preorbital tooth distinct (fig. 53, 7). 

Description.—According to A. Milne Edwards, this species is 
distinguished from FE. bituberculatus by the carapace wider anteriorly, 
the hepatic expansions being much more developed and limited 
anteriorly by a sinuous border, the rostrum wider, shorter, and 
slightly depressed on the median line above; this depression is con- 
tinued below where it is limited by two crests which unite behind in an 
acute angle. Length of female 10.5 mm., width 8mm. (A. M. E.) 

A specimen in hand, also female (15204), resembles figure 4 cited; 
the *anterior border of the hepatic expansion is transverse but its 
antero-lateral corner is rounded, the rostrum is a little longer and 
less triangular, the preorbital tooth is small but distinct. 

Five other smaller specimens which seem to belong here show the 
anterior hepatic margin directed more or less backward; not only is 
this margin sinuous, but the margin of the lateral sinus may be also; 
the rostrum varies from subtriangular, as figured by Edwards, to 
suboblong; the amount of emargination is variable, but is always 
insignificant. 

Chelipeds, so far as observed, moderate; merus not cristate; carpus 
with four longitudinal crests; manus slightly enlarged distally, upper 
margin blunt, defined by a depression on either side; fingers short and 
stout. A slight tuft of hair on the lower margin of the propodites 
of the ambulatories is inconspicuous. Fourth and fifth abdominal 
segments of male and fourth, fifth, and sixth segments of female 
coalesced. 

Measurements.—Female (15204), total length of carapace 10.2, 
hepatic width 8.4, branchial width 9 mm. 

Range.—West Florida; Yucatan; Bahamas; Porto Rico; St. 
Thomas. 

Material examined.— 

North Key section, Florida; lat. 29° 05’ 00’ N.; long. 83° 22’ 30” 
W.; 5.5 fathoms; sdy. rky. Co.; temp. 15.5° C.; November 27, 1901; 
station 7177, Fish Hawk; 1 female (47085). 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


154 





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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 155 


lateral angle, either acute, right, or a little obtuse; there is only one 
exception, a female (18133), in which the hepatic lobe is rounded. 
As in typical dilatatus, the carapace is widest at the branchial lobes. 
The rostrum is suboblong, narrowing slightly at distal end, where 
there is a shallow notch; one exception, a full grown male (47088), 
has what appears to be an abnormal rostrum, of great length, increas- 
ing in width distally, terminal notch a strong V. Preorbital tooth 
feeble, obsolescent. Palm of cheliped widening considerably toward 
distal end; propodal finger arched downward, forming a wide gape, 
into which just behind the middle one tooth of moderate size projects 
from the dactylus. Otherwise as in typical dilatatus. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, total length of carapace 11.5 
branchial width 8.3, hepatic width 6.7 mm. 

Range.—West and South Florida. 

Material examined.—See table, page 154. 





Fic. 57.—EPIALTUs MINIMUS. a, b, AND C FROM DRAWINGS BY J. S. KINGSLEY OF A COTYPE. @. CARA- 
PACE AND THREE LEGS, X 4. b. ANTERIOR PORTION, VENTRAL VIEW, X 4. c. MAXILLIPED, ENLARGED 


EPIALTUS MINIMUS Lockington 
Plate 47, fig. 1 


Epialtus minimus LocxtnaTton, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 
(1877), p. 77 [15] (type-localities, Port Escondido and San Jose Island. 
both in the Gulf of California; types not extant).—K1nas.ey, Proc. Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 31, 1879 (Mar. 9, 1880), p. 385. 


Diagnosis.—A bunch of setae at middle of propodites of ambula- 
tories. Hepatic and branchial lobes subequal. Rostrum long, 
bilobed (fig. 53, 0). 


<< 
156 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Description.—Antero-lateral margin of carapace with two large 
triangular lobes; the hepatic lobe has a shallow tooth on its anterior 
margin; this margin is transverse, and its distance from the end of the 
rostrum either exceeds (as in Kingsley’s figure), or is less than, its 
distance from the posterior margin of the carapace. Rostrum 
elongate-oblong, bilobed at tip. Cheliped strong, longer than first 
ambulatory. Legs slender, cylindrical, penultimate article bearing 
below distal to its middle and also at its proximal end (save in first 
pair), a bunch of setae which simulates a spine. 

Measurements.—Male, cotype, length of carapace 14, width 11, 
length of cheliped 18 mm.; female, cotype, length 14, width 12 mm. 
(Lockington). Male (Patos 
Island), median length 21, 
posterior width 16 mm. 

Range.—West coast of Mex- 
ico, in Gulf of California. 
Fic. 57 d.—PRoropus OF SECOND RIGHT LEG To sHow Found at low tide understones 

TWO TUFTS OF HAIR, MALE, SAN MARCOS, X 12 and in coral (Lockington) : 

Material examined.—Mexico: Patos Island, Gulf of California; at 
anchorage, 4.5 fathoms; May 23, 1921; Fred Baker, California 
Academy Expedition; 1 male, paper-shell (Cal. Acad.). San Marcos 
Island; on kelp; June, 1921; Johnson and Baker, California Academy 
Expedition; 1 male (Cal. Acad.). 

Remarks.—Although the type-specimen is not extant, it is possible 
to determine the species from pencil drawings (fig. 57, a, 6, c) made 
by Kingsley from what was probably a cotype. By comparing these 
with the specimens in hand, it became certain that the propodal 
articles of the ambulatories are not armed with a spine as represented 
by Lockington and Kingsley but are furnished with setae crowded 
together in a socket and of varying length so as to form a pointed mass 
simulating a spine. 


~ 





EPIALTUS HILTONI Rathbun 


Plate 46, figs. 1 and 2 


Epialtus hiltoni RatuBun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 36, 1923, p. 72 
(type-locality, Laguna Beach, California; holotype, Cat. No. 50599 
U.S.N.M.). 


Diagnosis.—Rostrum oblong, bilobed. Hepatic lobe widespread, 
with a tooth or tubercle on anterior margin. Hand very long, fingers 
short. 

Description. Carapace high in median region; lateral wings 
broad, ascending; anterior or hepatic lobe much the larger, inter- 
vening sinus deep; width at branchial regions a little greater than, or 
just equal to, that at hepatic regions. The posterior margin of the 
hepatic lobe is convex, the anterior is oblique (in the half grown) to 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 157 


nearly transverse (in the full grown); on the anterior margin near 
its middle there is a lobe or tooth, very small in the half grown but 
increasing until it equals the tooth at the antero-lateral angle of the 
lobe. Branchial lobe triangular, acute or subacute. Preorbital 
tooth distinct, outstanding, tuberculiform; postorbital tooth incon- 
spicuous, not projecting beyond carapace margin and indicated only 
by a closed fissure. Rostrum broadly oblong, sides subparallel, 
extremity bilobed, median sinus broad, shallow. (Fig. 53, m, n.) 

Chelipeds of moderate size; merus very bluntly angled; carpus 
and manus with a subacute, outer carina; a tubercle on upper sur- 
face of carpus; manus elongate, not widening much until just before 
the fingers, which are short, very wide, deflexed, outer margin 
acutely carinate, gape narrow, a large tooth on the dactyl within the 
gape. Ambulatory legs rather stout; two tubercles on lower margin 
of proximal half of merus of first leg; propodites without tooth or 
tufts of hair. Third, fourth, and fifth segments of male abdomen 
fused. 

Measurements. erat (Laguna Beach), median length 16.1, ante- 
rior width 14.5, posterior width 15 mm. Male holotype (50599), 
median length 13.6, total length 14, anterior width 12.2, posterior 
width 12.4 mm. 

Range.—California: Laguna Beach and Santa Catalina Island. 

Material excamined.—Laguna Beach, Orange County; William A. 
Hilton, Pomona College; 1 male, holotype 
(50599), 1 male returned to sender. 

Catalina Harbor, Santa Catalina Is- 
land; W. H. Dall; 1 male (18136). 


EPIALTUS PERUVIANUS Rathbun 


Epialtus peruvianus RatuBun, Proc. Biol. 
Soe. Washington, vol. 36, 1923, p. 72 
(type-locality, Chincha Islands, Peru; 
holotype, Cat. No. 54208, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—A tooth at base of pro- Fic. 58.—EPIALTUS PERUVIANUS, MALE 
podites of ambulatories. Carapace very (a8): to0ee mia. humm cananaceys 
uneven. Hepatic lobe large, branchial 
small. Rostrum oblong, bilobed (fig. 53, 7). 

Description of male.—Median region separated from hepatic and 
branchial regions by a deep furrow; a transverse, depressed area 
across the carapace embraces anterior edge of hepatic lobes; a sharp, 
median, interorbital sulcus. Hepatic lobe very large, recurved, 
anterior margin transversely concave, outer angle lobiform, promi- 

nent, posterior margin slightly convex; Btamckdal lobe very small, 
acute, sides concave. Orbital arch aioli margin forming an angle, 
not a tooth, with the margin of the rostrum. Rostrum deflexed, 


158 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


thin, oblong, sides parallel to near the tip, where they are thick, re- 
curved and convergent; tip bilobed, lobes small, sinus wide. Cheliped 
of young male shorter than first leg, fingers not gaping. 

First and second legs (others missing) similar, stout, merus lami- 
nate above, and two or three toothed, the tooth at distal end prom- 
inent, upstanding; propodus with a strong tooth below, at proximal 
end, similar to that in £. brasiliensis. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 4.8, greatest 
width 3.5 mm. 

Range.—Known only from the type-locality. 

Material examined.—Chincha Islands, Peru; November 30 to 
December 1, 1919; Robert Cushman- Murphy, collector; 1 male, 
holotype (54208); received from the Brooklyn Museum. 


EPIALTUS CRENULATUS Rathbun 


Epialtus crenulatus RaTHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 36, 1923, 
p. 71 (type-locality, Lower California; holotype, 1 ovigerous female; 
Cat. No. 18135, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis —An Epialtus with large hepatic lobe, small, acute, 
branchial lobe, oblong, entire rostrum, and no tooth on propodites 
of legs. 

Description.—The hepatic lobe is not advanced, the anterior margin 
transverse and forming with the outer margin a rounded lobe with 
crenulated edge. The rostrum is about as broad as long, sides arcuate 
for the most part, extremity truncate, with a faint indication of 
emargination; below there is a median furrow with a crest on either 
side. Preorbital tooth large, not projecting. Hepatic and branchial 
widths of carapace equal (fig. 53, f). 

Cheliped of female short, palm short and stout. The first ambu- 
latory is longer than the cheliped and noticeably longer than the 
other legs; propodites of last three provided with a tuft of hair at 
proximal end of lower margin. 

Measurements.—Female, holotype, length of carapace 6.4, width 
5 mm. 

Range.—Known only from the type-specimen. 


Genus MOCOSOA Stimpson 


Mocosoa Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 128; type, M. 
crebripunctata Stimpson.—A. MitnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, 
p. 137. 

Carapace subpentagonal, tumid; rostrum subtriangular, obtuse, 
excavated below. yes large, immovable, filling the orbit. External 
antennae concealed beneath the rostrum and not reaching to its tip; 
basal article triangular, unarmed. External maxillipeds very broad, 
closing the buccal cavity; merus particularly short and broad, quad- 
rate, with the outer angle much projecting outward, and the inner 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 159 


one rounded, not at all notched for the reception of the palpus; this 

last is short and stout, almost concealed by the merus. The third, 

fourth, and fifth segments of the male abdomen are coalesced. 
Contains only one species. 


MOCOSOA CREBRIPUNCTATA Stimpson 
Plate 49, figs. 3 and 4 


Mocosoa crebripunctata Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 
128 (type-locality, off French Reef, Florida, 15 fathoms; holotype not 
extant).—A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 137.—RaTuBun, 
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 65. EF 

Diagnosis.—Eyes immovable. Merus of outer maxillipeds not 
notched at inner angle. Rostrum  subtriangular, subtruncate. 
Carapace lumpy. 

Deseription.—Carapace very convex antero-posteriorly, naked, 
punctate and uneven; two prominences between the eyes, three on 
the gastric region of which the posterior 
is mesogastric, one large, bituberculate 
protuberance on the cardiac region, one 
on each hepatic, and three on each branch- 
ial region. Of the three branchial protu- 
berances the most anterior is the largest; 
the two posterior are in a transverse line, 
the outermost being marginal and bearing 
a small ttibercle at the postero-lateral angle 
of the carapace. Rostrum deflexed, slightly 
emarginate. The regular curve of the eye 
socket is interrupted by a very shallow, 
posterior tooth, which does not project 
outwardly and is scarcely evident in dorsal Fy¢.59.—Mocosoa cREBRIPUNCTATA, 
view; no preocular spine. Subbranchia] ™4¥= (18120), Maxmurep. THE 

: CARAPACE IS 7 MM. LONG. 
region granulate. 

Chelipeds stout, longer than carapace; merus cylindrical, sparingly 
granulate; carpus subglobular. Manus slightly compressed, widen- 
ing distally; propodal finger very short, stout, bent downward; 
dactylus longer, very deep at base, much deflexed; fingers spoon- 
shaped, when closed leaving a narrow slit, cutting edges dentate. 
Legs short, thick; merus armed with a few short blunt spines or 
tubercles arranged in two rows along upper surface; dactylus as long 
as preceding article, curved and gradually tapering. 

Color.—Body of a strawberry color; upper surface of carapace 
iridescent. (Stimpson.) 

Measurements.—Male (18129), length of carapace 7, posterior 
width 6.2, hepatic width 5.4, approximate length of cheliped 9, 
of last ambulatory leg 4 mm. Female (immature), holotype, length 
of carapace 0.2 inch (5 mm.), width 0.17 inch (4.3 mm.). (Stimpson.) 





160 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Range.—Florida Straits and Gulf coast of Florida. Depth, 15 to 
27 fathoms. 

Material examined.—Gulf of Mexico; southwest of Cape San 
Blas, Florida; lat. 29° 15’ 30’’ N., long. 85° 29’ 30’’ W.; 27 fathoms; 
G.; February 7, 1885; station 2372, Albatross; 1 male (18129). Only 
the body, the right cheliped and one of the second and of the fourth 
pair of legs are preserved. 


Genus EUPLEURODON Stimpson 


Eupleurodon Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871, p. 98; 
type, E. trifurcatus Stimpson.—Mregrs, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, 
1879, p. 650. 

Euplorodon A. Mine Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 141. 

Allied to Epialtus, but with a depressed and uneven carapace; 
antero-lateral angles strongly prominent, forming projecting teeth 
directed forward, almost parallel to axis of body. Ambulatory legs 
stréngly prehensile, with dentigerous penult articles. Size small. 

West coast of America at Cape St. Lucas, Mexico, and Ferrol Bay, 


Peru. 
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS EUPLEURODON 


A!. Carapace as wide between antero-lateral as between postero-lateral teeth. <A 
small tooth between antero-lateral and postero-lateral tooth. No preoc- 
Sars Go Ea ek see pees pe ae ene en ta trifurcatus, p. 160. 
A*. Carapace narrower between antero-lateral than between postero-lateral teeth. 
No small tooth between antero-lateral and postero-lateral tooth. A 
preocular tooths.e: 2208 Bisse ee ee aii a peruvianus, p. 161. 


EUPLEURODON TRIFURCATUS Stimpson 

Eupleurodon trifurcatus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 
1871, p. 98 (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; holotype not extant).— 
RatTuBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, pp. 535 and 572 (part). 
Euplorodon trifurcatus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 142. 

Diagnosis.—Orbital arch without tooth. A small tooth on lateral 
margin between the two large teeth or lobes. 

Description.—Carapace with a deep depression in front of the gas- 
tric region and one on either side of the cardiac region, which with the 
gastric region forms a prominent median ridge. Branchial region 
depressed, with a tubercle near the postero-lateral angle. Teeth and 
prominences of the carapace generally setose. Rostrum half as long 
as the postfrontal part of the carapace and one-third as broad as long, 
flattened, truncate, and emarginate at extremity. Tooth at antero- 
lateral angle half as long as rostrum and curving forward; the dis- 
tance between the tips of these equals the greatest width of the cara- 
pace, and is one-third greater than the middle width. There is a small 
tooth on the lateral margin behind the antero-lateral angle. Orbital 
margin arched but not toothed. Feet with an angular or dentated 
carpus. (After Stimpson.) 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 161 


Measurements.—Female, holotype, length of carapace 0.31 inch 
(7.9 mm.), width between tips of antero-lateral teeth 0.25 inch 
(6.3mm.). (Stimpson.) 

Range.—Known only from the type-locality, Cape St. Lucas, Lower 
California, Mexico. The Peruvian specimen formerly supposed to be 
a variant of Stimpson’s species is now considered a distinct species. 


EUPLEURODON PERUVIANUS Rathbun 
Plate 49, figs. 5 and 6 


Eupleurodon trifurcatus Ratupun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, Pp. 
535 and 572 (part), pl. 49, fig. 5. Not E. trifurcatus Seecon: 

Eupleurodon peruvianus RatTHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 14, 
1924, p. 2 (type-locality, north end of Ferrol Bay (Chimbote), Peru; 
holotype, Cat. No. 40462, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—Orbital arch provided with a preocular tooth. No 
small tooth on lateral margin between the two large teeth or lobes. 

_Description.—Carapace pentagonal; depressions as in trifurcatus. 
A transverse row of tubercles across the gastric region above the 
depression, the inner pair larger than the outer 
pair; a large tubercle near the postero-lateral 
angle; a smaller one in the branchio-cardiac 
furrow; a still smaller tubercle on the meso- 
gastric and the intestinal regions, and three 
on the cardiac region forming a triangle point- 
ing backward. Teeth and prominences of 
carapace setose. Lateral teeth or lobes re- 
curved, blunt at tips; width of carapace at 
middle of antero-lateral lobes greater than at 
tip of lobes and appreciably less than width 
between tips of postero-lateral lobes. Ros- 
trum a third as long as the postfrontal part 
of the carapace and one-half as broad as long, fic, 60.—EurLevRoDoN PERUVI- 
lateral margins raised, extremity incised for NUS: FEMALE HOLOTYPE, MAXIL« 

- LIPED. THE CARAPACE IS 10MM, 
about one-fourth of its length to form two tone 
rounded lobes. Eyestalks flattened. 

The antennae reach nearly to end of rostrum. The antennular 
cavity reaches to middle of rostrum, is not nearly filled with the 
antennules, and is very incompletely divided into two fossae. Merus 
of maxillipeds slightly notched at antero-internal angle; first article 
of palp flattened, angular, last two articles small and slender, hidden 
behind the merus. Carpus of cheliped nodose, merus and manus 
nodose at distal articulations; two low tubercles on upper margin of 
merus; propodal finger strongly deflexed, dentate; fingers stout, the 
dactylus with a basal tooth and near the tip a few smaller teeth. 
Dactyli of legs strongly falcate, finely dentate, the digital tooth of 
the propodus strong and with hairy tip. 


162 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


A row of five tubercles on first segment of female abdomen. 

Measurements.—Female, holotype, length of carapace to ends of 
rostrum 10, length of rostrum 2.2, greatest width of carapace 8.2 mm. 

Range.—Peru; known only from the type-locality. 

Material examined.—North end of Ferrol Bay (Chimbote), Peru; 
from rocks between tide lines; March 1; R. E. Coker, collector; 
received from the Peruvian Government; 1 ovigerous female, holo- 
type (40462). 


Genus TALIEPUS A. Milne Edwards 


Taliepus A. MitnrE EpWwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 138 (subgenus 
of Epigtus) part; type not specified. 
Epialtus of authors (part). 


Type.—T. nuttallia (Randall). 

Carapace broadly oval, convex in all directions, smooth, armed 
laterally with from two to four teeth, mostly small, and followipg 
the outline of the carapace. Postocular and preocular tooth small 
or absent. Rostrum inclined, sides convergent, tip bidentate. 
Antennae hidden, or partly visible at sides of rostrum; basal article 
subtriangular. 

Chelipeds strong; fingers with tips excavate or spoon-shaped, 
gaping in the old male. Ambulatory legs stout, subcylindrical; 
dactyls strongly curved, two rows of spinules beneath. Large 
species. 

Inhabits the west coast of America, from southern California 
(Santa Barbara) to Patagonia. Rio de Janeiro (Bell). 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS TALIEPUS 


A!, Propodites of ambulatory legs without a tooth on lower surface. Two 
small, thick, blunt, lateral teeth on either side of carapace. No preorbital 
tooth." A small postorbitaltoothiw 2s se. 2220 See nuttallii, p. 162. 

A®. Propodites of ambulatory legs with a tooth on lower surface. A preorbital, 
no postorbital tooth. 

B!. Three lateral teeth on a strongly rimmed margin. Tooth of propodites 
small in adults, stronger in young________________-_ marginatus, p. 164. 
B*. Four lateral teeth. Tooth of propodites strong in adults__dentatus, p. 165. 


Species on both sides of the continent: marginatus. 


TALIEPUS NUTTALLII (Randall) 
Plates 50 and 51 


Inbinia nuttallii Ranpau, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 8, 1839 
(1840), pl. 3. 

Epialtus nuttallii RanDAuL, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 8, 1839 
(1840), p. 109 (type-locality, Upper California; types, Cat. No. 598, 
Mus. Phila. Acad.) —Grisszs, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 3rd meeting, 
1850, p. 173.—Srtimpson, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, 1857, 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 163 


p. 458.—LocxkineTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), 
p. 77.—RaTuHBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 572; Harriman 
Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 173.—Houimes, Occas. Papers California 
Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 23.—Scumirt, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 
vol. 23, 1921, p. 202, text-fig. 125. 

Epialtus (Taliepus) nutallii A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, 


p. 138. 
Epialtus (Antilibinia) nuttallii Ratupun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 
1894, p. 69. 


Diagnosis.—Carapace ovate. No preorbital tooth. First lateral 
tgoth not prominent. 

Description.—Carapace ovate, convex antero-posteriorly and trans- 
versely, smooth. No _ preocular tooth, postocular tooth small. 
Lateral teeth small, subequal, blunt, the margins between them 
convergent anteriorly. Rostrum with strongly convergent sides, 
inclined downward, flattened or slightly concave above, and with an 
equilaterally triangular notch at the end. Antennae not reaching 
end of rostrum. 

Chelipeds of old male very stout, unarmed, subequal to first leg; 
fingers gaping moderately for two-thirds of their length, a shallow 
lobe on the dactyl at middle of gape, extremities of fingers crenate. 
Legs stouter than in Pugettia producta. 

Fifth segment of male abdomen longer than sixth. 

Color.—Dark purplish, besprinkled with testaceous spots becoming 
large and somewhat ocellate behind, and still 
larger and brighter on the under side of the 
body (Randall). 

Measurements.—Male (3108), total length of 
carapace 100.8, width 85.5 mm. 

Range.—From Santa Barbara, California, to 
Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

Material examined.— 


CALIFORNIA 


Santa Barbara; 1880; D. S. Jordan; 1 large 
male (3108). 15% 

One-fourth mile west of Venice Pier, Venice, ae 
Santa Monica Bay; found inside live fish trap; 

December 7, 1912; Anton Dohrn (J. Ross Beck); *"*: Gk Gertie 
1 young (50308), from Venice Mar. Biol. Sta. 2.63 

San Pedro; on kelp; H. N. Lowe; 1 young male (23049). 

Santa Catalina Island: Isthmus Harbor; November 27, 1913; 
Anton Dohrn; 1 female (50014), from Venice Mar. Biol. Sta. Catalina 
Harbor; 1874; W. H. Dall; 1 young female (14798). Avalon Bay; 
October 22, 1910; Anton Dohrn (P. S. Barnhart); 1 young (50309), 
from Venice Mar. Biol. Sta. 


164 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


La Jolla; in kelp hold-fast on beach; September 19, 1918; W. L. 
Schmitt; 1 female (53978). 

Point Loma; January 28, 1889; Albatross; 3 females (15517). 

San Diego; H. Hemphill; 7 young females (18139). 

California; T. Nuttall; 1 large male, 1 adult female, cotypes 
(598, Phila. Acad.). J.S. Kingsley; 1 young female (53064), from 
Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 


CALIFORNIA-MEXICAN BOUNDARY 


Lat. 32° 32’ N., long. 117° 07’ W.; Monument 258, Mexican 
Boundary Survey; July 18, 1894; Dr. E. A. Mearns, U. S. A.; 1 
female, encrusted with barnacles (18661). 


LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO 


San Benito Island: July 25, 1896; A. W. Anthony; 1 male (19506). 
West of; March 9, 1911; Albatross; 1 young female (Amer. Mus.). 

Natividad Island; August 3, 1896; A. W. Anthony; 1 female 
(19507). 

Ballenas Bay; May 3, 1888; Albatross; 1female (21904). 

Magdalena Bay; March, 1917; C. R. Orcutt; 1 young (50655). 


TALIEPUS MARGINATUS (Bell) 
Plates 52 and 53; plate 220, fig. 2; plate 221 


Epialtus marginatus Bru, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, for 1835 (1836), p. 
173 (type-locality, ‘‘ad oras Brasiliae’’; type not extant); Trans. Zool. 
Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 62, pl. 11, fig. 4, 42, 47, 4k (2), pl. 138 (¢).— 
Heuer, Reise Novara, Crust., Wien, 1865, p. 5.—Smiru, Trans. Connecti- 
cut Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1869, p. 33—A. Mritne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. 
Mex., 1878, p. 138.—Murrs, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 66.— 
Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1893, p. 42.—LxEnz, Zool. Jahrb., 
Suppl. 5, 1902, p. 756.—Rartusun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, 
p. 534, pl. 36, fig. 2—Auriviuiius, K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 
23, 1889, p. 43. 

Epialtus (Antilibinia) marginatus Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, 
1879, p. 650.—RatuBoun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 69. 


Diagnosis.—Propodites of legs armed below with a tooth. A pre- 
orbital tooth. Postorbital tooth obsolete. 

Description.—Carapace very convex, suborbicular, save for the 
flat deflexed rostrum, smooth; lateral margin narrowly rimmed, the 
rim ending forward in a strong, antero-lateral tooth, pointing forward, 
and posteriorly with a slight thickening; a shallow obtusangled tooth 
or lobe at widest part. Posterior edge of orbit a little swollen, but 
without tooth. An acute hepatic tooth half way between the orbit 
and the larger antero-lateral. tooth. Rostrum longer and narrower 
than in T. nuttalliz; a small, blunt preocular tooth on either side; 
terminal emargination small, longer than its greatest width. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA ; 165 


Chelipeds of old male longer than first ambulatory leg. Two 
tubercles on upper edge, and one on lower surface, of proximal half 
of arm; a tubercle on inner margin of ischium; a tooth at inner angle 
of wrist; fingers gaping for two-thirds their length, and armed in the 
gape with a few lobes or crenations which are more irregular than 
those at the extremity. Propodites of legs armed below near the 
distal end, with a tooth or lobe bearing a tuft of hair. The tooth in- 
creases in size from the first to the fourth pair; in the old male it is ob- 
solescent and bare on the first leg. The dactyls while diminishing 
in length, increase in curvature from the first to the fourth. 

Male abdomen narrower than in 7. nuttallii. 

Color.—Adult male, dark brown; young female, paler and reddish 
(Bell). 

Measurements.—Male (40459), total length of carapace 100, width 
80.4 mm. 

Range.—From Independencia Bay, Peru, to Talcahuano (Miers) 
and Guajacan, Chile (Lenz). Galapagos Islands (Bell, A. Milne 
Edwards). Rio de Janeiro (Bell). 

Material examined.— 

Peru; R. E. Coker; gift of Peruvian (Corcemaic ne: Independencia 
Bay; ole, 1907; 2 carapaces (40461). Mollendo; taken in fish net 
near shore; July 23, 1908; 2 males (40459, 40460). 

Chile: Caldera; June 14, 1863; Captain Putnam, 1 male, 1 female 
(2029, M. C. Z.). Valparaiso; U. S. Exploring Expedition, J. D. 
Dana; 1 male, 1 female (2372). 


TALIEPUS DENTATUS (Milne Edwards) 
Plates 54 and 55 “ 


? Cancer xaiva Mouina, Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili, 1782, p. 206 
(type-locality, Chile; type not extant); French translation, 1789, p. 182. 
Epialtus dentatus Minne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 345 

(type-locality, Chile; type in Paris Mus.).—Brui, Trans. Zool. Soc. 
London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 62.—Nicotzt, in Gay’s Hist. Chile, vol. 3, 1849, 
p. 131—Cunninenam, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 27, 1871, p. 
491.—Taraion1 TozzetTti, Zool. Magenta, Crost., 1877, p. 18, pl. 2, 
figs. 1-4, 6-9, 11.—Muers, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 66.— 
AvRIvILLIvs, K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 23, 1889, p. 42.—LxEnz, 

Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. 5, 1902, p. 756. 

Inachus mitis Porpria, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 2, 1836, p. 141 (type-locality, 
“‘ad littora prope Valparaiso, Talcahuano, etc.’’; type not extant).— 
NIcoLET, in Gay, Hist. Chile, vol. 3, 1849, p. 125. 

Epialtus (Taliepus) dentatus A. MitNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, 
p. 138. 

Epialtus (Antilibinia) dentatus Mirrs, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, 
1879, p. 650.—RatuBon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 69. 


Diagnosis.—Four lateral teeth. A preorbital tooth. A postorbital 
tubercle. Fingers of male narrowly gaping. Propodites of legs 
armed below with a slight tooth. 


166 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Description.—Carapace suborbicular, save for the rostrum, very 
convex in both directions, densely punctate and with four lateral 
teeth, the first three acute, the last one blunt, tuberculiform; two 
small, obscure tubercles on anterior part of gastric region. Rostrum 
with strongly convergent margins, bifid at extremity, notch narrow. 
Postocular lobule minute, formed by a thickening of the orbital rim, 
and separated by a sinus from an infraorbital lobule. Antennae 
not exceeding rostrum. Chelipeds of old male no longer than first 
leg; tubercles or stout spines on the upper surface near the proximal 
end and one or two smaller ones on the lower surface; carpus with a 
short, stout spine or tooth at the antero-internal angle; manus com- 
pressed, little dilated; fingers stout, dentate, narrowly gaping to 
near the extremity; prehensile teeth strong. Ambulatory legs 
shorter than in allied species, especially the dactyli which have two 
rows of strong, graduated, horny spinules beneath; propodites with 
an obscure tubercle or tooth below near distal end. Fifth segment 
of male abdomen longer than sixth. 

Color.—Y ellowish with red dots (Tozzetti). 

Measurements.—Male (21903), total length of carapace 94.5, width 
83.2 mm. 

Habitat.—In crevices of rocks in deep water (Bell). 

Range.—Panama (?); Peru to Trinidad Channel, Patagonia. 

Material examined.— 

? Panama; J. M. Dow; 1 female (2402), from Boston Soc. Nat. 
Hist. 

Callao, Peru; U. S. Exploring Expedition, J. D. Dana; 1 female 
(2365). 

Cobija, Chile; specimen in Copenhagen Mus. 

San Felix Island, Chile; about lat. 26° S., long. 80° W.; 1 male; 
photograph lent by C. E. Porter and returned to him. 

Valparaiso, Chile; U. S. Exploring Expedition, J. D. Dana; 1 
male, 1 female (2367). 

Talcahuano, Chile; April, 1872; U. S. C. S. Str. Hassler; 10 male 
and female (2027, M. C. Z.). 

Puerto Corral, Province of Valdivia, Chile; C. E. Porter; 1 very 
young; returned to sender. 

Port Otway, Patagonia; February 9-10, 1888; Albatross; 3 males, 
3 ovigerous females, encrusted with small Serpulids (21903). 

West coast of South America; Dr. H. E. Ames, U.S. N.; 1 female 
(18138). 

Locality not given; 1 large male (2410). 


e 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 167 


Genus PUGETTIA Dana 


Pugettia Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, pp. 268 and 433; 
type, P. gracilis Dana; U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, 
pp. 84 and 116; pt. 2, 1853, p. 1421—Ho.umms, Occas. Papers California 
Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 24.—Srimpson, Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. 49, 
1907, p. 24.—Scumirt, Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 23, 1921, p. 205. 

E£pialtus of authors (part). 


Carapace suboblong or ovate-oblong, tuberculate or uneven, with 
-two prominent, angular, lateral projections, separated by a concave 
interspace. Supra-orbital eave well developed, advanced to form a 
preocular tooth; postorbital tooth commonly formed by the anterior 
angle of the hepatic expansion. Rostrum bifid. Antennae visible 
at sides of rostrum, basal article rather broad, next two articles 
flattened. Merus of maxillipeds broad, antero-external angle dilated, 
antero-internal angle notched for the insertion of the palpus. Cheli- 
peds of male well developed, merus trigonal, palm dilated and com- 
pressed, fingers usually gaping at base. Ambulatory legs sub- 
cylindrical, the penultimate article not dilated and compressed. 
Abdomen composed of seven segments in both sexes. 

Inhabits both sides of the North Pacific Ocean, also the East 
Indian Islands and Australia. 


KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PUGETTIA 


A'. No small spine between the postocular tooth or lobe and the larger hepatic 
projection. 
B'. Postorbital projection a triangular tooth. 
C!. Hepatic expansion very wide (postorbital tooth and first antero-lateral 
tooth united by a leaflike expansion of the carapace). 
D'. Carapace constricted behind the hepatic expansions. _-_gracilis, p. 172. 
D?. Carapace scarcely constricted behind the hepatic expansions, the 
outer (or posterior) margins of these expansions being subparallel. 
producta, p. 167. 
C?. Hepatic expansion narrow, transverse (postorbital tooth and _ first 


antero-lateral tooth acute and distinct)__--___-_------ richii, p. 176. 

B?. Postorbital projection an oval, obtuse lobe_--~_---_-------- dalli, p. 178. 
A?. A small spine between the postocular tooth or spine and the larger hepatic 
PLOeChOns sae a fs) ee ee ere _ ee ee venetiae, p. 180. 


PUGETTIA PRODUCTA (Randall) 
KELP CRAB 


Plates 56 and 57 


Epialius productus RanpAtu, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 8, 
1839 (1840), p. 110 (type-locality, Upper California; type not extant).— 
Gispes, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 3rd meeting, 1850, p. 173.—Dana, 
U.S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 133; atlas, 1855, pl. 6, 
fig. 2a and b.—Stimpson, Proc: Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 9, 1857, 
p. 219; Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, 1857, p. 457 [17]—LockiNeTon, 
Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 77 [15].—R. RatTusun, 
Fisheries Industries of U. S., sec. 1, 1884, p. 778, pl. 268.—NrwcomBE, 





s 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 169 


Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. Brit. Columbia, 1893, p. 22.—OrtrMmann, Zool. Jahrb., 
Syst., vol. 7, 1893, p. 42—M. J. Rarusun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 
1894, p. 68 (except Alaskan locality)—Howumes, Occas. Papers California 
Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 22.—Werymourts, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. 
Ser., No. 4, 1910, p. 28, pl. 3, fig. 9—Baxker, Rep. Laguna Mar. Lab., 
vol. 1, 1912, p. 100.—Way, Puget Sd. Mar. Sta. Publ., vol. 1, 1917, p. 1, 
pl. 82, fig. 25.—Scumirt, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., vol. 23, 1921, p. 201, 
text-fig. 124. 

Epialtus (Taliepus) productus A. MitnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, 
p. 138. 

Diagnosis.—Lateral margin of carapace with two teeth, the first 
very prominent and winglike. A preocular and postocular tooth. 
Fingers of male gaping. Propodites of ambulatory legs naked and 
unarmed, 

Description.—Carapace smootH, sides in front of posterior lateral 
teeth nearly parallel; first tooth of antero-lateral margin large and 
prominent. Rostrum bifid, deeply notched, 
inner margin of horns slightly concave, outer 
convex. Preocular spine small, triangular; 
postocular also small. Antennae exceeding 
rostrum. Chelipeds stouter than ambulatory 
legs, and in old males longer; two tubercles 
above proximal end of merus, carpus and 
manus bluntly carinate; chela much enlarged 
in full-grown males, palm swollen, fingers widely 
gaping for half their length, a large tooth on 
dactyl in middle of gape, extremities of both 
fingers evenly toothed; in females and immature 
males, the fingers are dentate and meeting 
throughout their length or nearly so. Sixth Fic. 63—Pucerta propucta 
segment of male abdomen longer than fifth, ‘9! “¢*™UPEP) X 2.78 
both segments much wider than long. 

Color.—Dark brown to tan (in young or recently moulted); under 
parts reddish, often bright brick red, sometimes with light markings 
on coxae of legs and on maxillipeds (Weymouth). Color reddish 
brown to olive brown, mottled with darker, small, roundspots (Holmes). 

Measurements.—Male (47970), total length of carapace 87.3, 
width 76 mm. Male (Weymouth), total a. 107 (by error 170), 
width 93 mm. 

Habitat—In kelp beds, young common in tide pools, clinging to 
Fucus and other brown algae (Baker). Abundant in eel grass, on 
kelp, and on the piles under docks; common to at least 40 fathoms (Way). 

Range.—From Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to Santa 
Rosalia Bay, Lower California. 

Material examined.— 

West coast North America; Dr. G. Suckley, N. Pacwic. fu, vs 
Survey; 1 female (2139). 





170 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


Beaver Harbor, Queen Charlotte Sound; July 12, 1888; Albatross; 
1 male (15519). 

Union Bay; East of coal wharf; May 27, 1911; Albatross; 1 male, 
1 female (50493). 

Comox: 1893; Albatross; 1 male, 1 female (18307). Between tides; 
July, 1915; W. Spreadborough; 2 young females (Victoria Memor. 
Mus.). 

Denman Island; Albatross: Shore; June 21, 1903; 4 males, 2 fe- 
males (31545). North side; May 12, 1914; 2 males, 2 young (48834). 

Gabriola Island, Taylor Bay; June 20, 1903; 1 female (31544). 

Ucluelet; low tide; Geol. Survey of Canada; 2 males, 2 females 
(40057, 40058). 

Barclay Sound; Sept. 27, 1888; Albatross; 1 female, soft shell (15521). 

Victoria: Dr. C. F. Newcombe; 2 specimens (15796). Mr. Nichols; 
1 male (46627). 


WASHINGTON 


Sucia Islands; May 6, 1894; Albatross; 1 male, 1 female (18981). 

Straits of Fuca; 1880; D. S. Jordan; 1 male, 1 female (8064). 

Marrowstone Point, near Port Townsend, Puget Sound; shore; 
June 29, 1903; Albatross; 2 females (31546). 

Port Ludlow: W. H. Dall; 2 specimens (14796). Albatross; 
6 specimens (19315). 

Port Orchard: O. B. Johnson; 2 males, 5 females (14974). U.S. 
Fish Comm.; 2 specimens (15518). 

Dockton; 1906; Albatross: May 10; 1 male (43826). May 11; 
1 male (43827). 

Oyster Bay (near New Kamilche); W. L. McAtee, U. S. Biol. 
Survey; 1 male (47970). 

CALIFORNIA 


Tomales Bay; E. Samuels; 1 specimen (14853). 

Point Reyes; Mr. Campbell; 1 male (55344); from Bur. Fisheries. 

Sausalito; Albatross: March 30, 1912; 1 young (55330). Near 
landing; Oct., 1912; 1 male (55336). May 4, 1913; 9 young (55328). 

Point Bonita; Albatross: Between tide marks; June 3, 1912; 
1 young (55334). From seaweed, below low water mark and _ be- 
tween tide marks; Aug. 1, 1912; 4 specimens (52925). 

San Francisco; 1880; D. S. Jordan; 1 young male, 2 young females 
(3095). California; probably San Francisco; J. D. Dana, U. S. 
Explor. Exped.; 1 alle (2366). 

Middle San Francisco Bay; Fort Point inet bears 288.5° (true), 
distant 0.32 milé: 3.5 to 2.25 fathoms; fne. clean gy. S., med. sized 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 171 


rounded St.; Apr. 17, 1912; station D 5778 b, Albatross; 1 male 
(55329). 

Pillar Point, Half Moon Bay; June 30, 1903; C. F. Baker; 1 young 
(29313). May 11, 1913; Albatross; 6 specimens (55332, 55333). 

Santa Cruz; J. S. Kingsley; 3 females (1 with Rhizocephalid 
parasite) (53045); from Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 

Monterey Bay; Albatross; 12 males, 11 females (15520). On 
Macrocystis and other kelps at shore-line; Harold Heath; 1 male 
(22872). 

Monterey; A. S. Taylor; 1 male, 1 female, 2 young (2054). H. 
Hemphill; 4 females (2289), 2 young (3292). 1880; D. S. Jordan; 
3 males, 3 females (3129). 

Pacific Grove; John C. Brown; 5 specimens (23924). June, 1905; 
J. E. Benedict; 1 male, 2 females (46628). 1918; T. S. Oldroyd; 
5 males, 2 females (1 ovigerous), 5 young (54019). 

Santa Barbara; June, 1875; Mr. Shoemaker, Explor. W. of 100th 
Meridian; 1 male, 3 females (2316). 1880; D. S. Jordan; 1 male, 
1 female (3048). 

Venice, Santa Monica Bay; under aquarium; Anton Dohrn; 2 young 
(50009, 50288); from Venice Mar. Biol. Station. 

an. of Santa Monica and San Pedro Bays; Anton Phin: 
4 males, 2 females, 4 young (49984-49986, 50008, 50287); from 
Venice Mar. Biol. Station. 

San Pedro: 1880; D. S. Jordan; 1 male, 1 female (3088). Portu- 
guese Bend; littoral; June 26, 1914; Anton Dohrn; 1 young (50286); 
from Venice Mar. Biol. Station. Foot of breakwater; Feb. 21, 1913; 
Anton Dohrn; 1 young female (50289); from Venice Mar. Biol. 
Station. Near foot of breakwater; Oct. 30, 1917; E. P. Chace; 
1 young female (53991). 

Laguna Beach; W. A. Hilton; 1 male, 1 female, 5 young (48910, 
48993). 

Santa Catalina Island: Catalina Harbor; beach; 1874; W. H. Dall; 
1 male, 1 female (14793). Avalon Bay; Oct. 22, 1910; Anton Dohrn 
(P. S. Barnhart); 1 young (50285); from Venice Mar. Biol. Station. 

San Clemente Island: August 23, 1894; Dr. E. A. Mearns; 1 female 
(18667). Jan., 1899; H. N. Lowe; 1 young male (23063). Thomas 
L. Casey; 1 female (46629). 

La Jolla: March 6, 1898; Albatross; 2 young males (21764). In 
tide pools; Sept. 20, 1918; W. L. Schmitt; 1 young male (53979). 

Point Loma; Jan. 28, 1889; Albatross; 1 female (15522). 

San Diego: Rosa Smith; 1 female (7633). Rosa Smith Eigenmann; 
1 male (14652). 1880; D.S. Jordan; 2 young (3560). H. Hemphill; 
2 males, 3 females (18137). 


172 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


California: Dr. T. B. Wilson; 1 small male (Mus. Phila. Acad.); 
“Ff. sayanus White.” E. Samuels; 1 male (53046); from Boston 
Soc. Nat. Hist. 

LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO 


Rosalia Bay; August 22, 1896; A. W. Anthony; 1 young (19519). 


PUGETTIA GRACILIS Dana 
GRACEFUL KELP CRAB 


Plate 58 


Pugettia gracilis Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, p. 268 (type- 
locality, Puget Sound; cotypes, Cat. No. 1237, M. C. Z.); U.S. Expl. 
Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, pl. 4, fig. 3a-c——Stimeson, Boston 
Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, 1857, p. 456.—LocxkineTon, Proc. California 
Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 76 [14]—Muers, Journ. Linn. Soc. 
London, vol. 14, 1879, p. 650; Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 
40.—RatuBwn, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 69; Harriman 
Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 173.—Houmss, Occas. Papers California 
Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 25.—Lxnz, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 14, Syst., 1901, 
p. 452.—Werymoutn, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser., No. 4, 1910, 
p. 29, pl. 4, fig. 10—Way, Puget Sd. Mar. Sta. Publ., vol. 1, 1917, p. 370, 
pl. 82, fig. 21.—Scumirt, Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 23, 1921, p. 
206, pl. 33, fig. 7, text-fig. 128. 

Pugettia lordii SpeENcE Bats, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 662 (type- 
locality, Esquimalt Harbour, B. C.; type in Brit. Mus.); Lord’s Nat. in 
Brit. Columbia, vol. 1, 1866, p. 265. 

Pugettia quadridens, var. gracilis ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., vol. 7, Syst., 1893, 
p. 43. 

Diagnosis.—Hepatic expansion very wide, the triangular postocular 
tooth and first antero-lateral tooth united by a leaflike expansion of 
the carapace. Merus of chelipeds with a prominent, irregularly dentate 
carina on the upper side; carpus cristate. Ambulatory legs with 
merus and propodus more or less carinate above. Ischium of max- . 
illipeds with a longitudinal groove, exognath also grooved. 

Deseription.—Carapace lyrate to broadly ovate, tuberculate; four 
median tubercles, of which two are gastric. (the anterior one small), 
one cardiac and one intestinal; two large branchial tubercles, and 
one protogastric tubercle. A tuft of setae proceeds from each tubercle; 
from the protogastric pair two rows of curled setae run forward and 
inward; upper surface and margins of rostrum, as also the sub- 
branchial regions setiferous. Lateral projections broad, the anterior 
one large and winglike, its antero-external angle advanced in a tooth, 
its posterior margin nearly longitudinal; the posterior projection is 
smaller, posterior end spiniform, anterior end lobiform. Postorbital 
tooth broad, separated from the broad supraocular eave by a narrow 
fissure. Outer margins of rostral horns subparallel, convex near tips; 
inner Margins concave. 


; THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 173 


The basal article of the antennae bears a tooth at the antero- 
external angle; flagellum not reaching end of rostrum. <A row of 
tubercles on pterygostomian region. Chelipeds large and strong. 
Merus triangulate, margins cristate; superior crest with three or more 
teeth; outer surface crossed by a blunt ridge. Carpus with two 
longitudinal crests; upper surface with an oblique 
ridge, outer surface uneven. Propodus very 
broad, compressed, and with a superior crest; 
inferior margin with a prominent posterior lobe. 
Fingers in adult males widely gaping; cutting 
edges dentate; a large tooth near base of dacty- 
lus. Ambulatory legs stout, obscurely tuber- 
culate. 

Color.—Dorsal surface usuaily greenish 
brown, ventral side much lighter; but specimens 
found among red algae are a brilliant red 
(Way). 


Measurements.—Male Gyeayy length of cara- Fic. 64.—PUGETTIA GRACILIS 





pace to end of horn 53, width 39.2 mm. ABIAD) ,MASRIIERD, 16 At 
Range.—From the western extremity of the Aleutian Islands east- 
ward and southward to Mendocino, California. ‘‘To San Francisco”’ 


(Bate). ‘San Luis Obispo” (Lockington). Shore to about 40 fath- 
oms. The more southern of the réported occurrences of the species 
in California need confirmation; intensive collecting in San Francisco 
and Monterey Bays has failed to reveal it. 

Material examined.— 


ALASKA 


Chichagof Harbor, Attu Island, Aleu- 
tians; 5 to 7 fathoms; G. S.; 1873; W. 
H. Dall; 1 male, 1 female (14756). 

Attu Island; shore; June 10-11, 1906; 
Albatross; 9 males, 2 females (46632). 

Agattu Island; shore, among rocks; 
June 8, 1906; Albatross; 6 males, 5 fe- 
males (1 ovigerous). 

Kiska Harbor, Kiska Island; 1873; 
W. H. Dall; 9 to 12 fathoms; sdy. M.; 
1 male (14797), covered with sponge. In 
FIG. 65.—PUGETTIA GRACILIS, ANTERIOR Pass; 10 fathoms; 1 male (14759). 

orignal “"**" Petrel Bank, Bering Sea; Semiso- 
pochnoi Island, r. t.'S..45° W., I. t. S. 
12° W., about 12 miles; lat. 52° 12’ N., long. 179° 52’ E.; 43-33 
fathoms; fne. bk. G.; June 5, 1906; station 4778, Albatross; 2 females 
(1 young, 1 soft shell) (46532). 
5487—25t——18 








174 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Adakh Island; July 2, 1893; Albatross; 50 specimens (18296). 

Nazan Bay, Atka Island; low water; 1873; W. H. Dall; 1 male 
(14757). 

Unalaska; S. Applegate; 5 males, 2 females (12050). 

Dutch Harbor, Unalaska; W. R. Coe, Harriman Alaska Exped. 
(Yale Univ. Mus.). May 25-27, 1906; Albatross; 3 females (2 
ovigerous) (46529). 

Off Imagnee Pinnacle, Captains Bay, Unalaska; 8 to 20 fathoms; 
W. H. Dall; 1 specimen (12538). 

Shores of Amaknak Island, Captains Bay, Unalaska; 1871; W. H. 
Dall; 1 male (13131). 

Unalaska Bay, Unalaska; May 24, 1906; Albatross; 1 male (46528) 
from stomach of cod. 

Bering Sea, off Akutan Island; lat. 54° 12’ 00’’ N., long. 165° 
42’ 00’’ W.; 36 fathoms; G. bk. S.; August 31, 1893; station 3546, 
Albatross; 1 female (18298), encrusted with bryozoan. 

Belkofski Bay, Alaska Peninsula; 15 to 25 fathoms; 1880; W. H. 
Dall; 2 males, 1 female (14754). 

Popof Strait, Shumagins; 6 fathoms; 1872; W. H. Dall; 1 male, 
4 females, 1 young (14753). 

Chirikof Island; beach; W. H. Dall; 1 specimen (15375). 

Kodiak Island: William J. Fisher; 7 males, 12 females (5747). 
U. S. Fish Commission: 2 specimens (15571). W. R. Coe, Harri- 
man Alaska Exped. (Yale Univ. Mus.). 

Woody Island, Kodiak Island ; low tide; September 21, 1920; 
G. D. Hanna; 1 ovigerous female (Cal. Acad. Sci.). 

Afognak Bay, Afognak Island; Point Lipsett, S. 82° W., 1.5 
miles; 19 to 14 fathoms; hrd. gy. S. R.; August 3, 1903; station 
4269, Albatross; 2 males (31606). 

West side of Middleton Island; 10 to 12 fathoms; G. St.; 1874; 
W. H. Dall; 2 males, 4 females, 15 young (14758). 

Fox Island, Prince William Sound; T. Kincaid, Harriman Alaska 
Exped.; 4 males, 2 females (23844). 

Virgin (or Gladbaugh) Bay, northeast coast of Prince William 
Sound; W. R. Coe, Harriman Alaska Exped. (Yale Univ. Mus.). 

Orca; Harriman Alaska* Exped. 

Yakutat; Harriman Alaska Exped. 

Port Mulgrave, Yakutat Bay; 6 to 40 fathoms; 1874; W. H. Dall; 
2 young (14763). 

Alert Bay, Cormorant Island; beach; February 22, 1882; Dr. 
W. H. Jones, U.S. N.; 1 female (5815). 

Lituya Bay; 6 to 9 fathoms; 1874; W. H. Dall; 1 young (14764). 

Dundas Bay, Icy Strait; Port Wimbleton, S. 20° W., 0.4 mile; 
9 to 6.5 fathoms; crs. S. rky.; July 24, 1908; station 4263, Albatross; 
1 male (31670). 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 175 


Sitka: F. Bischoff; 3 specimens (2178). L. A. Beardslee; 1 male 
(3171). Depth, 10 fathoms; Harriman Alaska Exped. 

Waterfall; in stomach of sculpin; January 9, 1923; Biological 
Survey, U. S. Department of Agriculture; 1 female; returned to 
sender. 

Ward Cove, Revillagigedo Island; Dr. T. H. Streets, U. S. N.; 
1 male, 1 female (14761). 

Cedar Island, Loring; June 17, 1904; Chamberlain and Aller, Bur. 
Fisheries; 3 males, 3 females (1 ovigerous) (46633). 

Tongass Village, Tongass Island, Alexander Archipelago; W. R. 
Coe, Harriman Alaska Exped. (Yale Univ. Mus.). 


BRITISH COLUMBIA 


Tledoo Village, near Susk, northwest coast of Graham Islands, 
Queen Charlotte group; August 18, 1883; James G. Swan; 2 
males (6611). 

Fort Rupert; between high and low tide lines, among rocks, 
seaweed and kelp; Harlan I. Smith; 3 males (22588). 

Ucluelet; low tide to deep water; Geol. Survey of Canada; 1 male 
(40068). 

Barclay Sound; Dpto 27, 1888; Albatross; 5 males, 7 females 
(15570). 

Otter Bay, Pender Islands; Albatross; 10 specimens (19314). 

Denman Island; shore; June, 1903; Albatross; 2 males, 1 female 
(31607). 

Victoria; Dr. C. F. Newcombe; 2 specimens (15795). 


WASHINGTON 


Straits of Fuca: 1 male (3400). 1880; D.S. Jordan; 19 males, 
12 females (3077). 

Neah Bay: J. G. Swan; 11 specimens (2396), 1 male (5771). May 
12, 1914; Bureau of eben 1 male (48837). 

Port mvectea: September 3, 1891; Albatross; 8 males, 7 -females 
(18140). 

Puget Sound: U. S. Exploring Expedition; 1 male, 1 immature 
femalescotypes (1237, M. C. Z.). D.S. Jordan; 2 specimens (3097). 
J.S. Kingsley; 1 male, 3 females (53056), received from Boston Soc. 
Nat. Hist. 

Port Townsend; August 15, 1889; Albatross, 1 male, 3 females 
(16033), 1 female (18297). 

Port Townsend Bay; July 1, 1903; Albatross; Kala Point, N. 41° 
W., 1.1 miles; 14 to 17 fathoms; sft. gn. M. br. Co.; temp. 50.8° F.; 
station 4214; 1 female (31604). ro Point, N. 83° W., 0.5 mile; 
17 fathoms; gn. M. fne. S. stky.; temp. 50.1° F.; station 4215; 1 
male (31605). 


176 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Kilisut Harbor, near Port Townsend; July 1, 1903; Albatross; 1 
male, 2 females (31603). 
Port Ludlow; Sylvanus Bailey; 1 male, 1 female (14762). W.H. 
Dall; 5 specimens (14755). 
Port Orchard; July, 1889; O. B. Johnson; 16 males, 7 females 
(14967). 
CALIFORNIA 


Mendocino; May, t860; A. Agassiz; 2 males (999, M. C. Z.). 
PUGETTIA RICHIT Dana 

Pugettia richii Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, p. 268 (type- 
locality, California %; type not extant); U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, 
Crust., part 1, 1852, p. 118, pl. 4, fig. 4a-e—LockineTon, Proc. Cali- 
fornia Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 76 [14]—Nerwcompse, Bull. Nat. 
Hist. Soe. Brit. Columbia, 1893, p. 21.—RatTapun, Proc. U. S. Nat. 
Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 71.—Houmes, Occas. Papers California Acad. 
Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 24.—WerymouvurTn, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser. 
No. 4, 1910, p. 30, pl. 4, fig. 11.—Scumrrt, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 
vol. 23, 1921, p. 207, pl. 33, fig. 6, text-fig. 129. 

Diagnosis.—Hepatic expansion narrow; transverse, the narrow 
postocular tooth and first antero-lateral tooth acute and deeply 
separated. Merus of cheli- 
peds with a few tubercles on 
the upper side but no acute 
carina; the inner side may 
become strongly ridged in 
adult males, but is generally 
rounded in young males and 
in females; the carinae of the 
carpus are not prominent. 
Merus and propodus of legs 
not carinate. Ischium of 
maxillipeds plane or obscure- 
ly furrowed, exognath not 
grooved. 

Description. — Carapace 
FIG. 66.—PUGETTIA RICHI, MALE, CARAPACE AND CHELIPEDS, OVAtE, tuberculate; number 

X 0.8. (AFTER DANA AND SCHMITT) and position of tiibercles 
as in P. gracilis, except that the 10 principal tubercles (4 
gastric, 4 branchial, 1 cardiac and 1 intestinal) are nearer ef a 
size; just outside the anterior of the branchial tubercles there is a 
small tubercle; also one above the posterior margin either side of the 
intestinal lobe, and one, more obscure, in the furrow between cardiac 
and branchial regions. Setae as in P. gracilis. Postocular tooth 








29 According to Stimpson, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, 1857, p. 457, this species was collected by 
William Rich, Botanist of the U. S. Exploring Expedition, at San Diego, which is probably the type 
locality. 


i lelectra aliens 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 177 


directed obliquely outward. It and the antero-lateral tooth are 
narrow. Postero-lateral spine or tubercle longer than in P. gracilis. 

On the basal article of the antenna there is a tubercle on the outer 
margin near the posterior end. The merus and carpus of the cheli- 
peds are bluntly ridged, the merus tuberculate above, especially at 
proximal end. Ambulatory legs more slender and cylindrical than 
in P. gracilis. 

_ Color.—Red, varying from bright to dark, and often closely 
matching certain of the encrusting corallines (Weymouth). 

Measurements.—Male (23921), length of carapace to end of horn 
40.6, width 33 mm. 

Range.—From Clayoquot Sound, Vancouver Island, British 
Columbia, to San Diego Bay, California. From between tides to 50 
fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

BRITISH COLUMBIA 


Ucluelet; low tide to deep water; Geol. Survey of Canada; 1 male 
(40067). 

Barclay Sound; September 27, 1888; Albatross; 1 male, 2 females 
(15572): 

Victoria; Dr. C. F. Newcombe (specimens returned to sender). 


WASHINGTON 
Dockton, Puget Sound; May 11, 1906; Albatross; 1 male (46527). 
CALIFORNIA 


Humboldt Bay; July 18, 1916; Scripps Inst.; 1 female, returned to 
sender. 

Mendocino; May, 1860; A. Agassiz; 1 female, with P. gracilis 
(999, M.. C. Z.). 

Monterey Bay; Albatross; 1 mate (15573). Under rocks and among 
algae about mean and low tide marks; 1898; Harold Heath; 1 male, 
3 females (22873). 

Monterey; Henry Hemphill; 1 male (2276), 1 young (21371). 
1880; D. S. Jordan; 1 male, 2 females (3058). 

Pacific Grove: July, 1895; J. O. Snyder; 1 male (19814). John C. 
Brown; 15 specimens (23921). 1918; T. S. Oldroyd; 5 males, 2 
females (1 ovig.) (54008). 

Venice, Santa Monica Bay; from Venice Mar. Biol. Sta.: February 
2, 1911; Anton Dohrn, P. S. Barnhart; 2 males, 2 females (50172). 
Under Venice Aquarium; 1-male, 1 female (45582). Venice Break- 
water; October 16, 1913; Anton Dohrn, P.S. Barnhart; 1 male (50175). 
Off Venice; August 2, 1913; Anton Dohrn; 2 males, 1 female (50173). 


178 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


3.5 miles S. by W. of Venice; 24 fathoms; July 29, 1913; Anton 
Dohrn; 2 males, 1 female (50174). Two miles S. by E. from Point 
Del Rey, Santa Monica Bay; August 8, 1913; 3 males, 10 ovigerous 
females (50171). 

San Pedro; E. P. Chace; December 15, 1918; 1 male (53984). San 
Pedro and vicinity; 1 male, 1 female (50960). 

Long Beach, wharf; H. N. Lowe; 1 male (23050), “rare}’ 

Laguna Beach; W. A. Hilton; 1 young female (48985), 1 male 
(50593). 

Off Catalina Island; 50 fathoms; H. N. Lowe; 1 young female 
(29952). 

La Jolla, in tide pools; September 21, 1918; W. L. Schmitt; 1 young 
(53977). 

San Diego: Rosa Smith; 1 male (14765). Henry Hemphill; 1 male 
(49153). 

San Diego Bay; 6.5 fathoms; M. S.; Apr. 1, 1896; Albatross; 1 
female (20173). 


PUGETTIA DALLI Rathbun 
Plate 59, figs. 1-4 


Pugettia dalli Ravupun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 232 (type- 
locality, ‘‘Southern California,’ really Catalina Harbor *°; holotype, Cat. 
No. 17506, U. S. N. M.); Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 173, 
pl. 2, figs. 1 and la—Ho.umus, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 
7, 1900, p. 26.—Scumitt, Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 23, 1921, p. 
208, pl. 23, fig. 5. 

Diagnosis.—Postocular projection a flat oval lobe; hepatic pro- 
jection a slender, transverse spine. Merus of chelipeds carinated on 
three margins; carpus tricarinate above. Ambulatory legs not cari- 
nate. Ischium of maxillipeds and also exognath grooved. 

Description.—A small species. Carapace subtriangular; in its per- 
fect state it is covered with short cutaneous vesicles which form 
prominences on the protogastric, mesogastric, cardiac, intestinal, 
hepatic, and branchial region (3 dorsal). The anterior part of the 
protogastric region, as well as the rostrum and the antero-lateral 
margin of the branchial region are covered with curled setae. When 
these coverings are removed, there is a large tubercle on the cardiac 
and intestinal regions and on each protogastric lobe; median gastric 
tubercles obsolescent; branchial regions not areolate. Lateral mar- 
gin with two spines, the hepatic one slender, transverse or nearly so, 
and almost horizontal, the branchial spine stouter and upturned. 
Postocular tooth thin, obtuse, its upper surface flattened in a smooth 
oval plate inclined downward from the horizontal at an angle of 








40 The jar from which the type specimens were taken contained mixed lots from Catalina Harbor and 
Monterey; as P. dalli has not yet been found north of the Santa Barbara Islands, it is.reasonable to assume 
that Catalina Harbor is the type-locality. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 179 


about 45 degrees. Rostral horns more slender than in P. richii, 
widely divergent. Preocular tooth acuminate. 

Antennae exceeding rostrum; a large lobe on outer margin of basal 
article. Chelipeds strong; merus with a prominent thin and irregular 
carina on margins; carpus strongly carimate above and on inner mar- 
gin, outer and upper surfaces irregularly ridged; hand large, com- 
pressed, margins thin; palm nearly as broad as long; fingers gaping, 
a tooth near base of dactyl, and one on pollex toward distal end of 
gape. Legs much more slender than in P. richii of equal size; first 
pair about as long as, or longer than, the chelipeds; three succeeding 
pairs short, decreasing regularly in length; margins fringed with club- 
shaped setae. 

Females differ from adult males in having a broader and more 
ovate carapace, three distinct branchial areolations, when the pubes- 
cence is removed, and in the much 
more swollen gastric region. re eae 3 DDIM» 

Color.—Specimens in formalin, SS 
from Laguna Beach, are largely 
dull red, with some white; legs more 
or less banded. 

Measurements.— Male (29951), 
total length of carapace 17, width 
13.4 mm. Fic. 67.—PUGETTIA DALLI, MALE (29951), ANTE= 

ee dron’ Sante Crus Islnd)" See esto <2 0 
California (lat. 34° N.), to San 
Geronimo Island, west coast of Lower California, Mexico (about 
lat. 29° 40’ N.). Shore to 58 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 





CALIFORNIA 


Off Santa Cruz Island; lat. 34° 00’ 00’’ N.; long. 119° 29’ 30”” W.; 


30 fathoms; P.; Feb. 6, 1889; station 2945, Albatross; 1 young female 
(17628). 

Between Venice and Rocky Point, Santa Monica Bay; Aug. 11, 
1914; Anton Dohrn; 1 male (50203), from Venice Mar. Biol. Sta. 

Point Vincent; from rocks; Feb., 1918; H. N. Lowe; 1 male (53342). 

Off Point Fermin, San Pedro; March 14, 1914; Anton Dohrn; 
5 ovigerous females (50200), from Venice Mar. Biol. Sta. 

San Pedro; H. N. Lowe; 1 male (32972). 

Off Wilmington; lat. 33° 38’ 45’’ N.; long. 118° 13’ 45’’ W.; 20 
fathoms; gy. S. brk. Sh.; Feb. 5, 1889: station 2942, Albatross; 1 
large male (18190). 

Laguna Beach; W. A. Hilton; 2 males, 5 females (4 ovigerous, 
1 young) (48909, 50607-50609). 


180 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Santa Catalina Island: Dredged January, 1863; J. G. Cooper; 
1 male (17372). Isthmus Harbor; Nov. 27, 1913; Anton Dohrn; 
7 males, 4 females (3 ovigerous) (50201), from Venice Mar. Biol. 
Sta. Catalina Harbor; W. H. Dall; 4 males, 4 females (1 male is 
holotype) (17506). Avalon Bay; October 22, 1910; Anton Dohrn, 
P. S. Barnhart; 1 young (50202), from Venice Mar. Biol. Sta. 

San Clemente Island; H. N. Lowe; 3 males, 2 females (29951). 

La Jolla; 1915; Scripps Inst.; 1 ovigerous female (returned to 
sender). 

San Diego: 10 fathoms; H. Hemphill; 1 male, 1 female (4283). 
C. R. Orcutt; 1 male (17371). 

San Diego Baty; lat: 32° 41.5’ N.; long. 117° 13.5’. W.; shore; 
July 9, 1906; Scripps Inst.; 1 female (returned to sender). 

San Diego Bay; Albatross: 12 fathoms; fne. S. R.; Mar. 22, 1894; 
station 3581; 1 male, 1 female (31484). 6.5 fathoms; M. S.; Apr. 
1, 1896;-station 3621; 1 female (20172). 

Vicinity of San Diego; Point Loma Lighthouse, N. 43° E., 5.2 
miles; 55-58 fathoms; fne. gy. S.; Mar. 12, 1904;station 4347, Albatross; 
1 young female (46755). 

MEXICO 


San Geronimo Island, Lower California; 7 fathoms; July 19, 1896; 
A. W. Anthony; 1 young (19525). 


PUGETTIA VENETIAE Rathbun 
Plate 59, figs. 5-7 


Pugettia venetiae RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 14, 1924, 
p. 2 (type-locality, five miles off Newport Beach, California; from Venice 
Marine Biological Station, University of Southern California; 1 ovigerous 
female, holotype, Cat. No. 50268, U. S. N. M.). 

Diagnosis.—Two hepatic spines, the larger one exceeding in size 
the lateral branchial spine. A distinct postocular spine. Wrist and 
margins of arm spinous. 

Description.—Surface, except of fingers and distal portion of hand, 
covered with a short, dense pubescence, with occasional tufts of 
longer, club-shaped setae, which are most noticeable on the tubercles 
and other high portions of the carapace and in submarginal rows on 
ambulatory legs; long, straight hairs border the inner margins of the 
rostral horns, and curled hairs form an oblique row on each proto- 
gastric lobe. Carapace lumpy, each lump or boss furnished with one 
or more tubercles. The tubercles are as follows: Four gastric, of 
which two are median, two lateral, these a little behind the anterior 
median tubercle; one cardiac; three intestinal, arranged trans- 
versely; four or five branchial. Lateral spines three, one branchial 
and two hepatic; the branchial and the posterior of the hepatic 
spines are larger, curved, and with slender tips directed forward; 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 181 


the minor hepatic spine is a little below the level of the major one, 
and is straight. Postorbital spine a little behind the eye, slender, 
similar to the two large lateral spines, but not so long-pointed. 
Preorbital spine also large, directed forward; in front of it, is visible 
the antennal spine. Rostrum deeply 
divided by a wide sinus; outer mar- 
gins of horns subparallel. The basal 
antennal article has, besides the 
antero-external spine, one further 
back on the outer margin, while in 
the same line but behind the orbit 
there is another small spine. A small 
subhepatic spine; also a row on the 
subbranchial and on the pterygosto- 
mian region. 

Chelipeds of adult male about as 
long as carapace. Ischium_ spined 
on inner margin; merus on inner, up- 
per and inner-lower margins, 4 of the 
upper spines being the longest of all; 
the carpus has 2 spines on inner mar- F!G. 68.—PUGETTIA VENETIAE, ‘sues (50268), 

r F MAXILLIPED, X 10.5 
gin, a row of four on outer margin, 
and a few spines above and below; a few spinules on upper surface 
of palm at proximal end. Upper and lower margins of palm slightly 
convex; dactylus nearly as long as upper margin of palm; fingers 
narrow, deflexed, toothed within, a very narrow gape at base where 
the teeth are smaller. 

Ambulatory legs subcylindrical, slender; propodites thickest at 
distal end; dactyls with two rows of sharp, prehensile spinules, and 
a long, light-horn-colored tip. 

Measurements.—Female, holotype, median length of carapace 16.7, 
length of horns 4.4, width of carapace, spines excluded, 13.2 mm. 
Male (50268), median 
length of carapace 13.2, 
length of horns 2.7, width 
of carapace, spines exclud- 
ed, 10.5 mm. 

Range.—From Newport 

: Beach, California, to Mag- 
Fic. 69.—PUGETTIA VENETIAE, MALE (50268), LEFT CHELA, X 6 dalena Bay, Lower Cali- 
fornia. 10 to 36 fathoms. 

Material examined.—Five miles off Newport Beach, California; 
Anton Dohrn; from Venice Marine Biological Station; 1 ovigerous 
female, holotype, without chelipeds or legs; 1 male, paratype, with 
left cheliped and no legs (50268). 

5487—257 14 











182 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Off east end of Catalina Island, California; 30 fathoms; April 1, 
1915; Anton Dohrn; from Venice Marine Biological Station; 1 male, 
1 young female (50526). 

Cortes Bank, Lower California, Mexico; lat. 32° 24.2’ N.; long. 
119° 6.2’ W.; 19-29 meters (10-16 fathoms) ; rky.; July 18, 1908; sta- 
tion 1561, Agassiz; ovigerous female, holotype; received from Scripps 
Institution (53959). 

Off Magdalena Bay, Lower California; lat. 24° 58’ 15’’ N.; long. 
115° 53’ 00’’ W.; 36 fathoms; Coralline; temp. 64.3° F.; March 2, 
1889; station 2989, Albatross; 1 young male, 1 young female (17380). 

Remarks.—This is not a typical Pugettia. The supraocular eave 
is less expanded over the eye, and the narrow postocular spine is 
isolated both from the eave and from the hepatic prominences. The 
eye is larger than is usual in the Acanthonychinae. In the shape of 
the carapace behind the rostrum the species approaches Antilibinia. 


Genus MIMULUS Stimpson 


Mimulus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 199 
[71]; type, M. foliatus Stimpson. 


Carapace flattened, smooth or nearly so, subpentagonal; lateral 
portions laminate, much produced, winglike, antero-lateral margin 
cut by a narrow fissure into two closely approximate lobes. Rostrum 
short, bifid, horizontal. Basal antennal article enlarged at base and 
narrowing distally. Orbits incomplete below, but furnished above 
with a preocular and postocular spine. First pair of ambulatory 
legs much exceeding the others. 

There is perhaps only one species, and that from the west coast of 
North America. 

MIMULUS FOLIATUS Stimpson 
Plate 60. 

Mimulus foliatus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, 
p. 200 [72], pl. 3, fig. 1 (type-locality, off Monterey, California, taken from 
the stomachs of percoid fishes, ‘‘Cabesones’’; cotype, Cat. No. 1244, 
M. C. Z.).—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, pl. 18, figs. 
4—4d; 1878, p. 145.—Ho.umes, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 
1900, p. 23.—Ratuson, Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 173.— 
WeymMourTH, Stanford Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser. No. 4, 1910, p. 30, pl. 4, 
figs. 12 and 13.—Scumirt, Univ. California Publ. in Zool., vol. 23, 1921, 
p. 204, text-fig. 127. 

?Mimulus acutifrons A. MinnE Epwarps, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, vol. 7, 
1867, p. 264 (type-locality, unknown; type in Paris Mus.); Crust. Rég. 
Mex., 1878, p. 145. 

Pugeitia foliata RatHBuN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 72. 


Diagnosis. —Carapace broader than long or very slightly longer 
than broad. Lateral projections continuous. Postorbital tooth 
small. 


$1 M’Leay, in Smith, Dus. Zool. S. Africa, Annulosa, 1838, p. 56. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 183 


Description.—Carapace flattened and marked with several undula- 
tions; lateral expansions a little reflexed, margin behind incision 
nearly twice the length of that before; antero-lateral and postero- 
lateral angles wide, the latter somewhat produced; median region 
tumid, bearing two small, obsolescent, gastric tubercles, in front of 
which there may be two convergent rows of curved setae; another 
tubercle on each branchial region, a little above the middle of the 
postero-lateral margin. Intestinal region produced backward in a 
large smooth protuberance. Rostral 
horns short, flattened, with convex 
outer margins and spiniform, incurved 
tips; median notch narrowly triangular 
and setose; on upper side of restrum 
there are two double rows of curved 
setae. Preocular tooth large, triangu- 
lar, acute; postocular small and point- 
ing obliquely downward, separated by 
a fissure from the preocular. oni ie nai 

Chelipeds of male large; inner mar- — view. (Arrer Stimpson) 
gin-of merus.and carpus lamrellate; hand oblong, fingers bent down- 
ward and curved inward, somewhat gaping near base, distally dentate, 
a large tooth on the dactylus in the gape. The propodites of the am- 
bulatory legs have each a tuft of setae below. 

Color.—A dull purplish, tan or red; legs banded. 
Variable. A male (22874) had a deep red carapace, 
with a narrower lighter border on the limb, and in 
the center a broad white V; hands red above, shad- 
ing to white below; legs crossed by broad bands of 
red and white. 

Measurements.—Female (23925), length of cara- 
pace to tip of rostral horns 29, width 32.4mm. Male 
(22874), length 24.4, width 27.8 mm. 

Range.—Unalaska to Monterey Bay, California; 
Mazatlan, Mexico (A. Milne Edwards). Low tide 

~ N to 20 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Fic. 71—Mmurvsro- Off Imagnee Pinnacle, Captains Bay, Unalaska, 
LiaTUus(22874),Maxil- Alaska; 8 to 20 fathoms; 1880; W. H. Dall; 1 
LIPED, X 5 

female (14894). 

Ucluelet, British Columbia; low tide to deep water; Geol. Surv. of 
Canada; 1 male (40076). 

Barclay Sound, British Columbia; Albatross; 1 male (15548). 

Mendocino, California; A. Agassiz; 3 males, 3 females (1 ovigerous) ; 
identified by Stimpson (993, M. C. Z.). 





184 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Monterey, California: From stomach of fish; A. S. Taylor; 1 male, 
without chelipeds or legs, cotype (1244, M. C. Z.). H. Hemphiil; 
1 male (3291). 

Monterey Bay, California: Low tide among and under rocks; 1898; 
Harold Heath; 4 males, 3 females, 3 young (22874). 

Pacific Grove, California: John C. Brown; 2 males, 3 females (1 
ovigerous). 1918; T.S. Oldroyd; 1 male, 1 ovigerous female (54010). 


Genus LEUCIPPA Milne Edwards 


Leucippa MiLNE Epwarps, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, vol. 2, 1833, p. 512; 
type, L. pentagona Milne Edwards; Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 345. 


Carapace subpentagonal or subtriangular, the length exceeding the 
width but little; lateral margins déntate or lobed. Rostrum hori- 
zontal, wide, lamellate, two-horned. <A preorbital and a postorbital 
tooth present. Eyes small; peduncle very short. Basal article of 
outer antennae short; next two articles concealed under the rostrum. 
Epistome of moderate size; merus of outer maxillipeds much dilated 
outwardly, slightly truncate at the anterior inner angle, a small sharp 
tooth in front of insertion of palp. Legs short, compressed. Abdo- 
men with seven segments free in both sexes. ; 

Contains only one species, from South America and west coast of 
Mexico. 

LEUCIPPA PENTAGONA Milne Edwards 
Plate 61; plate 222, figs. 7-9 


Leucippa pentagona MiuNe Epwarps, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, vol. 2, 1833, 
p. 517, pl. 18B, figs. 1 and 2 (pantagona, on plate) (type-locality, Chile; 
type in Paris Mus.); Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 347, pl. 15, figs. 9 
and 10.—Ratus0n, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 572; vol. 38, 
1910, pp. 571 and 613.—Dor.LertIn and Batss, Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. 
Anst., vol. 29, 1912, p. 36, text-fig. 4. 

Leucippa ensenadae Mitne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. l’Amér. 
Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, Crust., 1843, p. 9 (type-locality, ‘I’ Ensenade de Ros,”’ 
Patagonia; type in Paris Mus.); atlas, vol. 9, 1847, pl. 5, figs. 3-3b. 

Leucippa laevis Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, p. 273 (locality 
not given); U. S> Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 135 (type- 
locality, Rio de Janeiro; type not extant); atlas, 1855, pl. 6, fig. 5a-—c. 

Leucippa levis Smita, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1869, p. 33. 

Pugeitia, species, Mimrs, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, pp. 63 and 66. 

Pugettia australis Mimrs, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 66 (type-locality, 
mouth of Rio de la Plata, 28 fathoms, lat. 36° 47’ 8., long. 55°17’ W.; type 
in Brit. Mus.); Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 40 (sp.?). 


Diagnosis.—A preorbital and a postorbital tooth. Rostrum flat, 
bifid. Chelipeds, legs and basal article of antennae cristate. 

Description.—Covered with a vesicular pubescence, easily rubbed 
off, except on fingers and horny tips of ambulatories. Carapace sub- 
triangular, smooth; median region sparingly tumid; rostrum elongate, 
furcate, horns triangular, usually acute, and with a narrow, triangular 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 185 


interval. A very small preorbital tooth. Antero-lateral margins 
of carapace very thin, a little reflexed, four-toothed or angulately 
undulate, the teeth unequal, the first tootlt equivalent to the postor- 
bital angle, the fourth tooth forming the postlateral angle of the 
carapace. Pterygostomian region usually two-toothed or spined. 
Basal article of antennae armed outside with a;prominent crest, end- 
ing forward in a small tooth and followed behind by a spiny tubercle. 
Chelipeds stout, cristate above; manus 
compressed; fingers curved down, edges 
crenulate, when closed, leaving a narrow a te 
gape in basal half or more. Legs cristate |, * 
above except on dactylus; the latter finely eats 
denticulate below. | 
Color—Pale gray (Milne Edwards), | 
Tawny yellow (Miine Edwards and Lucas).  / 


\ 


Il 
j 
i 
\ 


Measurements.—Largest male (2115, M. | 
C. Z.), length of carapace to tip of horn 23, 
width 20.4 mm. all te 
Variations.—Varies in width of carapace, a ae 
prominence of lateral teeth, acuteness and Pa 


divergence of rostral horns. Average indi- 
viduals have the ensenadae form (Edwards 
and Lucas, fig. 3). 
Range.—From Cape St. Roque, Brazil, to Patagonia, to Chile; 
Magdalena Bay, Lower California, Mexico. Depth, 7 to 52 fathoms. 
Material examined.—See table, page 186. 


Fic. 72.—LEUCIPPA PENTAGONA 
(47119), MAXILLIPED, X 8.4 


Genus SPHENOCARCINUS A. Milne Edwards 


Sphenocarcinus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, explanation 
of pl. 17, fig. 5; 1878, p. 135; type, S. corrosus A. Milne Edwards. 

Oxypleurodon Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 38; type, 
O. stimpsoni Miers. 


Carapace elongate-subpentagonal, broad behind, tapering in 
front to a rostrum which may be long and simple to near the tip 
or formed of two spines either contiguous or divergent. Surface of 
carapace usually symmetrically and deeply honeycombed by broad, 
deep channels which leave symmetrical tubercles often with over- 
hanging edges between them. No true preocular and postocular 
spines, but the eye is deeply sunk between two low, smooth excres- 
cences which are preocular and postocular in position. Basal antennal 
segment truncate-triangular; antennary flagella completely hidden 
beneath the rostrum. Epistome long and narrow. External maxilli- 
peds with the merus as broad as the ischium, somewhat dilated at 
the antero-external angle, and usually slightly excavated at the 
antero-internal angle for the insertion of the small palp. 

Chelipeds not much stouter but shorter than the next pair of legs 
which are the shortest of the ambulatories; the dactyli of the legs, 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 187 


though stout, recurved and prehensile, are not toothed along the 
posterior edge. Abdomen in both sexes with seven distinct segments. 

East and west coast of middle America. Indo-Pacific region 
from the western Indian Ocean to the Hawaiian Islands. Depth, 14 
to 300 fathoms. 


KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS SPHENOCARCINUS 


A!. Dorsal surface deeply channeled. Antero-lateral margin entire. 


corrosus, p. 187. 
A?. Dorsal surface uneven but not deeply channeled. Antero-lateral margin 
Sopnperp dembate tis Ok Sirs) JO DAES Bey Uh od agassizi, p. 188. 


Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: corrosus 
(Atlantic); agassizi (Pacific). 


SPHENOCARCINUS CORROSUS A. Milne Edwards 
Plate 62; plate 223, figs. 3-5 


Sphenocarcinus corrosus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, pl. 
17, figs. 5-5c; 1878, p. 1386 (type-locality, off Barbados, 100 fathoms; 
holotype in Mus. Comp. Zoél.)—Ratuswn, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 
17, 1894, p. 66.—Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 18, 1895, p. 8.— 
Hay, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35, 1918, p. 460, pl. 39, fig. 1—A. MILNE 
Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 47, 1923, p. 378> 
text-fig. 18. 


Diagnosis.—Carapace deeply channeled between large, eroded 
tubercles. Antero-lateral margin entire. Rostrum longer than 
postrostral portion of carapace. 

Description.—Antero-lateral margin of carapace concave, postero- 
lateral margin convex. Dorsal surface deeply 
channeled; the elevations thus formed are 
coarsely punctate or eroded, and form a regular 
pattern; one gastric elevation is longitudinal- 
ly placed and widens behind; with a small, 
circular lobe on each side it resembles a clover 
leaf; cardiac lobe transversely elongate with a 
deep notch on each side of its posterior mar- 
gin; an intestinal lobe follows the posterior 
margin; a lateral lobe (paired) extends from 
behind the lateral angle forward nearly to the 
eye; a small postocular and a larger supraocu- 
lar elevation. Rostrum normally longer than 
carapace, composed in greater part of two 
Fic. 73.—Spuenocarcnvs cor. CYlindrical horns which are contiguous to near 

ROSUS, FEMALE (15183), max- the tips, or occasionally divergent for a con- 

ee Ye siderable distance. Two short rostrums have, 
in one case, horns wholly divergent; in the other, no sign of bifurca- 
tion, but a simple, acute tip. 





188 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Chelipeds rather small and weak; the first pair of walking legs 
exceeds them by more than the length of its dactyli. 

Color.—Orange red (Hay). 

Measurements —Ovigerous female (15183), extreme length of cara- 
pace, 22.7; length from posterior margin to line between anterior 
margins of supraocular elevations, 10.3; width of carapace, 10.8 mm. 

Range.—Offt Cape Lookout, North Carolina, to Barbados; 90 to 
148 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Gulf Stream, 30 miles due S. of Cape Lookout Lightship, North 
Carolina; about 100 fathoms; Fish Hawk; 2 males, 2 females (51071), 
1 male (50520). 

Off Cape Fear, North Carolina; lat. 33° 20’ 00’’ N.; long. 77° 05’ 
00’’ W.; 90 fathoms; gy. S.; temp. 65.8° F.; April 2, 1885; station 
2418, Albatross; 1 female, ovigerous (15183). 

SE. by E. 4% E. of Sand Key, Florida; 90 fathoms; J. B. Henderson; 
1 young female (50519). 

Off Barbados: Off Sandy Bay; 100 fathoms; December 29-30, 
1871; Hassler Exped.; 1 female, holotype (2019, M. C. Z.). Lat. 
P3208 £50" Ni Tone'59°8 7" 05" Ws 94 "fathoms; “Co, bra Shs 
temp. 61° F.; Mar. 5, 1879; station 276, U.S. C.S8. 8S. Blake; 1 speci- 
men (2886, M. C. Z.). 


SPHENOCARCINUS AGASSIZI Rathbun 
Plate 63; plate 2238, figs. 1 and 2 


Sphenocarcinus agassizi RaATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, Ds 
231 (type-locality, Gulf of California, 14 fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 
17348, U.S.N.M.).—Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 18, 1895, p. 7, 
pl igs) 3, roa. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace with surface uneven, not deeply channeled. 
Antero-lateral margin dentate. Rostrum shorter than postrostral 
portion of carapace. 

Desecription.—Whole surface of body and limbs clothed with a 
short, close pubescence. Rostral horns long, horizontal, contiguous. 
A more or less broken, longitudinal, rounded ridge runs along the 
median line of the carapace from the base of the rostrum to the intes- 
tinal region, rising into a prominent tubercle on the gastric area. A 
transverse flattened tubercle on the cardiac region and two roundish 
ones on each branchial region. Antero-lateral margin of carapace 
armed with four prominent tubercles or large teeth, counting the one 
at the external orbital angle; these teeth increase in size successively 
from the first to the last. Upper margin of orbit thickened and 
produced into a blunt preocular tooth. Outer margin of ptery- 
gostomian region furnished with two or three rounded tubercles. 
On the merus of chelipeds two short spines at proximal end on superior 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 189 


border and one at distal extremity; otherwise the limbs are unarmed; 
fingers short, gaping slightly at base, cutting edges crenulate, tips 
blunt. 

Measurements.—Male holotype, extreme length of carapace 35, 
length from posterior margin to line between anterior margins of 
preocular teeth 19.2, width of carapace 23 mm. Male (M. C. Z.), 
length of carapace including rostrum 39, of rostrum 16, width of 
carapace 28 mm. (Faxon). 

Range.—Gulf of California to Panama, 14 to 71 fathoms. 

Material examined.— ; 

Gulf of California; off Cape Tepoca, Mexico; lat. 30° 28’ 00’’ N.; 
long. 113° 06’ 30’’ W.; 14 fathoms; bk. S. brk. Sh.; temp. 66° F.; 
Mar. 24, 1889; station 3019, Albatross; 1 male, holotype (17343). 

Gulf of California; northwest of Guaymas, Mexico; lat. 28° 07’ 00’’ 
N.; long. 111° 39’ 45” W.; 71 fathoms; fne. gy. S. brk. Sh.; temp. 
57.9° F.; Mar. 23, 1889; station 3011, Albatross; 2 males, 1 female 
(17342). 





My : 
ae ee . 
2 f 4 
ae 
, we Pe 
ee) 


Figs. 74-75. —MENAETHIOPS PORTORICENSIS. 74 (LEFT), FEMALE, HOLOTYPE, AN- 
TERIOR HALF OF CARAPACE, X 14.5; 75 (RIGHT), FEMALE (56912), BASAL ARTICLE 
OF LEFT ANTENNA, MUCH ENLARGED 


Genus MENAETHIOPS Alcock 


Memaethiops Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, p. 289; type, 
M. bicornis Alcock. 

Carapace subpyriform or oblong, pubescent; rostrum divided into 
two slender spines. The eyes, which are movable forwards but not 
retractile, are in great part concealed beneath a large, very con- 
spicuous, laminar, supraocular eave, terminating anteriorly in a 
spine. No postorbital spine. Basal article of antenna broad; 
mobile portion’ of antennae visible from above, either side of rostrum. 
Merus of outer maxillipeds as broad as ischium, and palp inserted at 
antero-internal angle of merus. Chelipeds of male enlarged. The 


190 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


ambulatory legs, of which the first is longer than the rest, have 
strongly recurved dactyli. Abdomen of seven separate segments in 


both sexes. 
Off Porto Rico; Zanzibar; Karachi, India. 


MENAETHIOPS PORTORICENSIS Rathbun 


Plate 49, figs. 1 and 2 


Menaethiops portoricensis RatuBuN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 
14, 1924, p. 2 (type-locality, Porto Rico; 144 miles S. of Cafia Gorda 
Islands, near Guanica’ Harbor; 26 fathoms; female, holotype, F 2628, 
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.). 


Diagnosis.—Rostrum nearly half as long as remainder of cara- 
pace, its spines widely divergent. Two marginal, hepatic spines. 
Description.—Surface of carapace and 
appendages in large part covered with 
broad, flattened vesicles the largest of which 
are spatuliform. These are so varied in 
size, shape, and disposition that at 
first sight they appear like foreign bodies. 
Carapace constricted behind orbit and be- 
hind hepatic regions. Gastric, cardiac, and 
intestinal regions tumid, and tuberculate or 
granulate; four tubercles form a transverse 
diamond on the gastric region. Rostrum 
slender, divided in its middle into two 
widely divergent, slightly curved and tap- 
iG. 162MeNsprators ‘Poon. .cring horns; basal half of rostrum, with a 
CENSIS, MALE (56012), ENDoropite median furrow. Preocular spine suberect, 
OF MAXILLIPED, X 43.8 7 : : 
prominent; nearer the median line may be 
seen a smaller spine of the basal antennal article. On the lateral 
margin of the hepatic region there are two slender spines; on the 
branchial region near its anterior end and a little above the margin 
there is a small, acute 
spine, while near the lat- 
eral angle of the carapace 
is the largest spine of all. 
The ornamentation of the 
carapace is considerably 
obscured by the vesicular 








pubescence. Besides a FIG. 77.—MENAETHIOPS PORTORICENSIS, MALE (56012), CHELA, 
long, slender, cylindrical MUCH ENLARGED 


spine at the antero-external angle of the basal antennal article, 
there is a tubercle on its outer margin. Two pterygostomian tubercles. 

Chelipeds of male stout; fingers widely gaping in their basal half, 
the fingers being arched away from each other; prehensile edges 
broad and thin; a large tooth near base of dactyl. Legs highly 





ies 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 191 


ornamented (fig. 78); dactyls armed with a few (4 to 6) sharp spi- 
nules, which become longer towards the horny tip of the dactyl. 
Measurements.—Female, holotype, total length of carapace 5.4, 
length of rostrum 1.6, width of carapace with spines 3.6, without 
spines 2.7 mm. Both males lack the rostral horns. 
Range.—Porto Rico (southwest coast); 11 to 26 fathoms. 





Fic. 78.—MENAETHIOPS PORTORICENSIS, FEMALE (56012), A LOOSE LEG, MUCH ENLARGED 


Material examined.— 

Southwest of Salinas Cove; 11 fathoms; July 10, 1915; 1 male 
(F 2384, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.); 1 male, 1 ovigerous female (56012). 

One and a half miles south of Cafia Gorda Islands, near Guanica 
Harbor; 26 fathoms; scattered coral rock and sand mith algae; June 
23, 1915; 1 ovigerous female, holotype (F 2628, Amer. Vee Nat. 
Hist.). : 

Genus ESOPUS A. Milne Edwards 


Esopus A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 89; type, EZ. 
crassus A. . Minne Epwarps and Bouviser, Mem. 
Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 47, 1923, p. 389. 





Body and feet almost entirely smooth. Carapace thick, gibbous, 
and as if inflated. Front formed by a large, rounded, tuberculiform 
prominence. Basal segment of antenna very large, swollen, extend- 
ing well beyond eyes. Antennular fossettes very narrow. Orbits 
incomplete below, postocular process present but separated by a 
rather wide fissure above. Ocular peduncles stout, and capable of 
folding into a cavity hollowed for the purpose. Buccal cavity wide 
in front. Merus of outer maxillipeds a little dilated outward and 
forward, and not notched on inner side for insertion of palpus. 


192 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Ambulatory legs very slender, rather long, dactyli very delicate. 
(A. Milne Edwards.) 

Abdomen of adult female wide, swollen, and formed of four (not 
three) articles, the fourth to seventh segments, inclusive, being 
coalesced. 

Contains only one species. 


ESOPUS CRASSUS A. Milne Edwards 
Plate 222, figs. 10-12 


Esopus crassus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 90, pl. 17. 
figs. 1-le (type-locality, off Barbados, 100 fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 
1944, M. C. Z.). 

Piagnosis.—Carapace oval, lobulate, finely granulate. Ambula- 
tory legs smooth and slender. 

Description.—Carapace narrow, oval, and slightly narrowed in 
front; entirely covered, excepting in the interlobular depressions, 
with shining and almost confluent granules. Anterior part very 
swollen. Interorbital space divided into three nearly equal lobes 
by two longitudinal depressions which are connected behind with the 
cervical suture. Protogastric lobes clearly marked on their outer 
side; on the inner side they are confluent with the mesogastric lobe 
which is elevated in a point above them; metagastric lobes confluent 
on the median line and separated by a deep suture from the uro- 
gastric lobes which are themselves confluent. Anterior cardiac lobe 
conical, prominent, and surmounted by a large tubercle; posterior 
cardiac, or intestinal, lobe much more depressed, and divided into 
two portions by a transverse suture. Hepatic region small and 
rounded. The branchial region bears on its middle portion a tubercle 
smaller than that of the cardiac lobe; borders of metabranchial lobe 
cut above the base of the legs into three blunt points. Pterygosto- 
mian regions papillated and granulated. Basal article of antennae 
covered with granulations similar to those of the front. Some large 
granules on front of epistome. Abdomen also granulate. Chelipeds 
of female cylindrical and very slender. Ambulatory legs smooth; 
first three pairs nearly the same length; fifth a little shorter. (A. 
Milne Edwards.) 

The median lobule of the front or interorbital space is divided 
transversely in two, forming a short, buttonlike, rostral projection. 
The anterior point of the mesogastric region is a smooth, white, oval 
elevation. 

Measurements.—Female, holotype, length of carapace 13, width 
8.4 mm. 

Range.—Known only from the unique type. 

Material examined.—Oft Sandy Bay, Barbados; 100 fathoms; 
December 29-30, 1871; Hassler Expedition; 1 female, holotype 
(1944, M. C. Z.). 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 198 


Subfamily PISINAE 


Pisinae Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, p. 165. 
Blastidae STEBB1NG, Marine Invest. 8. Africa, vol. 4, Cape Town, 1905, p. 25. 


Eyes with commencing orbits, of which one of the most character- 
istic parts is a large, blunt, usually but not always isolated, cupped 
postocular process into which the eye is retractile, but never to such 
an extent as to completely conceal the cornea from dorsal—still less 
from ventral—view; there is almost always a distinct supraocular 
eave, which is often produced forwards as a spine; the eyestalks are 
short. The basal antennal article is usually rather broad, at any 
rate at the base; its antero-external angle is generally produced 
forwards as a spine or tooth. The merus of the external maxillipeds, 
owing to the expansion of its antero-external angle, is broader than the 
ischium and carries the palp at its antero-internal angle. Rostrum 
usually two-spined or two-toothed. Legs often very long. (After 
Alcock.) 


KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY PISINAE 


A'. Supraocular eave not in close contact with the postocular spine or process. 
B'. No tooth on orbital margin between supraocular eave and postocular cup. 
C!. Supraocular eave produced anteriorly inaspine. (In the genus Rochinia, 
this is true of American species.) 
D!. Rostrum bifid for more than half its length. 

E!. Rostrum thin, broad, flat and horizontal. Movable articles of 
antennal peduncle laterally carinate; palms carinate above, 
Carapace! limpyi® 20. SBlOn) _ OI), Abd Seyra, p. 195. 

E?. Rostrum armed with two long slender spines, or thick and defiexed. 

F!. Rostrum thick and deflexed. Supraocular eave widespreading, 
separated from the postocular tooth by a broad V-shaped sinus. 
ange; hairy? crabs! sO see 2a eas Loxorhynchus, p. 198. 

F?. Rostral spines slender. 

G!. Ambulatory legs bordered with two rows of spines. 
Oplopisa, p. 228. 
G?. Ambulatory legs not bordered with two rows of spines. 

H!. An orbital spine between postocular spine and basal antennal 
article; orbit very open above; supraocular eave narrow, 
its spine small. Chelae of male swollen. 

Trachymaia, p. 229. 

H?. No orbital spine between postocular spine and_ basal 
antennal article; supraocular eave advanced in a sub- 
stantial spine. 

J'. Chelipeds of male much enlarged; palm broad, upper edge 
thin. Superior orbital sinus V-shaped_-_Chorilia, p. 202. _ 
J?. Chelipeds slender, often greatly elongated in male. Orbi- 
tal sinuses U-shaped and more open than in Chorilia. 
Rochinia, p. 204. 
D*. Rostrum bifid at tip only, or at least not behind the middle. Cara- 
pace broadly subtriangular. Preocular spine well developed. 

E!. Not more than two long, antero-lateral marginal spines. Inferior 

Orbival sinus round cdet =e ee ee Libidoclaea, p. 223. 


194 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


EK’. Three long, antero-lateral marginal spines besides the orbital spine. 
Inferior orbital sinus acute. (True of the typical or American 
SPIO CIOS sey ches as ety a a = ee ME: bc Chorilibinia, p. 309. 
C2. Supraocular eave not produced anteriorly in a spine. 
D'. Carapace either broader than long or very little longer than broad. 
Rostrum short. Chelipeds much shorter than ambulatory legs. 
E!. Rostrum very small, simple. Basal antennal article reaching to 


Hn GOP TOS TRUM ert. 2) oe ee eee ee eee ee Leurocyclus, p. 230. 
E?. Rostrum longer than in Leurocyclus, bilobed. Basal antennal 
article not reaching to line of rostrum_____-_ Chionoecetes, p. 232. 


D?. Carapace considerably longer than broad. Rostrum elongate. 
E!. Carapace smooth. 
F'. Basal article of antennae narrow; peduncle not reaching end of 


TOS UE UNS se re pty esy pee sf Pelia, p. 275. 
F?. Basal article of antennae broad, nearly as broad as long; peduncle 
reaching or overreaching end of rostrum_____- Pisoides, p. 284. 


K*. Carapace rough with tubercles or tubercles and spines. Carapace 
lyrate; rostrum triangular, horns contiguous or nearly so. 
Hyas, p. 252. 
B?. A tooth on orbital margin between supraocular eave and postocular cup. 
C!. Rostrum small. Carapace suborbicular or broadly ovate. 
D!. Ambulatory legs with very long propodites and very short dactyls. 
Ischium of outer maxillipeds much longer than merus. ’ 
s Herbstia, p. 2938. 
D?. Ambulatory legs with dactyls nearly as leng as propodites. Ischium 
of outer maxillipeds scarcely longer than merus (both measured 
ODMO WET WAT OTT) sph spl a co Micropisa, p. 303. 
C*. Rostrum of considerable length. Carapace narrower than in C!, dis- 
tinctly longer than broad. 
D'. Chelipeds filiform, chelae more slender than merus. Legs much 
StOUbEr, SPINOUS@Ah ate Gees faye ey ee oe ee Lepteces, p. 292. 
2. Chelipeds as stout as, or stouter than, ambulatory legs. 
o First ambulatory ies long, much longer than the last three. 
F!. Orbit very open; postorbital tooth small. Carapace oval, mostly 
smooth. Antennae concealed by rostrum____Chorinus, p. 304. 
F?. Orbit not very open; postorbital tooth of good size. Carapace 
pyriform, with four spines forming a square on widest portion. 
Antennae visible at sides of rostrum________ Notolopas, p. 287. 
E?. Ambulatory legs diminishing regularly from first to fourth pair. 
Carapace rough with numerous spines. 
F'. Orbit closed below; postorbital tooth broad. Spines of carapace 
Short amadestoupes Ssewe est, Sale ae eye ee pean ier ea ae Nibilia, p. 289. 
F?. Orbit very open above and below; postorbital projection a slender 
spine. Spines of carapace long and slender__Holoplites, p. 307. 
A’. Supraocular eave in close contact with the postocular process. (In young 
LIabinia there may be a narrow open slit in superior orbital margin.) 
B!. Carapace usually subglobose behind the rostrum, spinous; rostrum invo- 
DNASE oF _ Fae aS te ey cg eg aya a Sys a Ra gL rea Libinia, p. 310. 
B?. Carapace subtriangular, lumpy; rostrum more or less revolute. Orbit 
outward-looking. Basal antennal article tapering, not spined. 
Bissasp aie oike 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 195 


Species of Pisinae wrongly ascribed to America: 


Cancer hircus Fasrictus, Species Insectorum, vol. 1, 1781, p. 503; Jamaica. 
= Pisa tetraodon (Pennant, 1777), a European species. Type examined 
(Kiel Mus.). 

Genus SCYRA Dana 


Scyra Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, p. 269; type, S. acutifrons 
Dana; U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 18, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 94.—Holmes, 
Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 41. 

Carapace subpyriform, tuberculated, having a few or no spines. 
Rostrum composed chiefly of two flattened horns. Orbits small, with 
a fissure above and below, the lower and sometimes the upper one 
being open. Preorbital spine present. Basal antennal article rather 
narrow, with a small spine at antero-external angle, the two following 
articles compressed and not concealed by rostrum. Merus of maxilli- 
peds distally truncate, notched at antero-internal angle. Chelipeds 
of male well developed, hand compressed and carinated above, fingers 
acute. Legs moderately long and narrow, diminishing rather regu- 
larly in length from first to fourth. Abdomen 7-segmented in both 
sexes. (After Holmes.) 

Inhabits the west coast of North America and the coast of Japan. 


SCYRA ACUTIFRONS Dana 


SHARP-NOSED CRAB 
Plate 79; plate 224, figs. 4 and 5 


Scyra acutifrons Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, p. 269 (type- 
locality, in mari Oregonensi; type not extant); U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 
13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 95, pl. 2, figs. 2a—2d.—Houmes, Occas. Papers 
California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 41. 


Diagnosis.—Carapace of adult without a spine on hepatic or 
branchial margin. Margins of arm tuberculate, not cristate; dactylus 
of chela with a large, subbasal tooth. Ambulatory legs subcylindrical, 
dactyli rather stout. 

Description.—Carapace covered with tubercles; gastric region 
tumid, separated from cardiac and branchial regions by a conspicuous 
depression; an acute or spiniform tubercle near the center of the 
gastric region, behind which there is a larger, obtuse tubercle... Bran- 
chial regions tumid, bearing at the widest part a large, projecting 
tubercle, in front of which lies an elevation which may bear several 
small tubercles though often smooth. A very large tubercle on the 
cardiac and a small one on the intestinal region. Rostrum short, 
horns ovate-lanceolate, occupying over half the length. Preorbital 
spine small, acute. A lobe on outer margin of basal antennal article 
and immediately behind it, a tooth in line with the very prominent 


196 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


antero-lateral border of the buccal cavity. Pterygostomian region 
carinate, carina roughly crenate. 

Chelipeds of male large; merus semicylindrical (flattened below) 
and strongly pustulate, especially at the angles; carpus pustulate, 
several ridges on upper-outer surface; manus long, high, compressed, 
the palm below the wide carina often inflated; fingers deflexed, and 
in old males, gaping at base, with a large tooth near base of dactyl. 
Legssubcylindrical, more or less pubescent; 
propodi sulcate on either side; dactyli con- 
siderably shorter than propodi and fur- 
nished with sharp, corneous tips. 

Variations.—In the female the regions of 
the carapace are much less elevated, the 
gastric region more evenly rounded. Oc- 
casional small ones (1 male, 3 females, in 
the collection) 13 or 14 mm. long, have a 
slender, sharp spine on the hepatic margin, 
4 a character not found in other young or 
ee ¢ adults. One of the females is ovigerous. 
Fic. 79.—ScyRA ACUTIFRONS (31548), Measurements.—Male (14966), length of 

MEE ED ee carapace to tip of horns 52.6, width37.7mm. 

Range.—Kodiak, Alaska, to San Diego, California, low tide to 45 
fathoms. 

Material examined.— 





ALASKA 
Kodiak; W. G. W. Harford; 1 female (14801). 
BRITISH COLUMBIA (VANCOUVER ISLAND) 


Ucluelet; low tide to deep water; from Geol. Surv. of Canada; 1 
male (40064). 

Off Cape Beale; Sept. 26, 1888; Albatross: Lat. 49° 00’ 00’’ N.; 
long. 125° 48’ 00’’ W.; 24 fathoms; gy. S.; temp. 52.3° F.; station 
2881; 1 female (16344). Lat. 48° 53’ 00’’ N.; long 125° 53’ 00’ W.; 
34 fathoms; R.; temp. 50.3° F.; station 2879; 1 male (16343). 

Victoria; C. F. Newcombe; 1 male (15793). 


WASHINGTON 


Off Cape Flattery; lat. 48° 30’ 00’’ N.; long. 124° 57’ 00”’ W.; 
September 24, 1888; Albatross: 40 fathoms; R.; temp. 47.8° F.; 
station 2873; 1 female (18986). 27 fathoms; R. Sh.; temp. 50.3° 
F.; station 2874; 2 males (16020). 40 fathoms; R. Sh.; temp. 
47.8° F.; station 2875; 1 female (18987). 

Near Port Townsend, Admiralty Inlet; Admiralty Head Light, 
N. 38° W., 1.3 miles; 26 to 15 fathoms; R. Sh.; temp. 50.8° F.; 


eo THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 197 


June 29, 1903; station 4205, Albatross; 4 males, 5 females (31548), 
1 male (46631). 

Admiralty Inlet; 1903; Albatross; 7 males, 5 females (31547). 

Port Orchard, Puget Sound; July, 1889; O. B. Johnson; 8 males, 
3 females (14966). 

Dockton, Puget Sound; May 10-11, 1906; Albatross; 1 male, 2 
ovigerous females (46630); 2 are encrusted with sponges and barna- 
cles. 

Puget Sound; 1880; D.S. Jordan; 1 female (3099). 


CALIFORNIA 


Humboldt Bay; July 18, 1916; 1 male (Scripps Inst.). 

Off Farallon Islands; 26 fathoms; October 3, 1901; Bur. Fisheries; 
1 male (33469). 

Off Santa Cruz; lat. 36° 55’ 10’’ N.; long. 122° 04’ 00’ W.; 21 
fathoms; rky.; temp. 52.3° F.; Mar. 13, 1890; station 3124, Albatross; 
1 ovigerous female (15513). 

Monterey; Doctor Canfield; 2 males, 1 female (3449). D.S. Jor- 
dan; 1 male (16291). H. N. Lowe; 1 male, 2 females (53341). 

Monterey Bay; at extreme low tide mark usually, under rocks or 
in crevices; Harold Heath; 3 males, 1 female (22876). 

Pacific Grove; July, 1895; J. O. Snyder; 1 male, 3 females (19815). 
John C. Brown; 5 specimens (23923). 

Off Santa Barbara; February 11, 1889; Albatross: Lat. 34° 22’ 45’ 
N.; long. 119° 40’ 30’’ W.; 21 fathoms; gn. M.; station 2961; 1 male 
(16341). Lat. 34° 20’ 40’’ N.; long. 119° 37’ 45’’ W.; 26 fathoms; 
gy. S. P. St.; temp. 58° F.; statien 2969; 1 male (16342). 

Off Santa Rosa Island; 38 to 45 fathoms; April 15, 1904; station 
4431, Albatross; 1 young male (46756). 

Off Venice, Santa Monica Bay; August 13-14; Anton Dohrn; from 
Venice Mar. Biol. Sta.; 1 immature female (50206). 

Three miles south of Venice; 14 fathoms; July 29, 1913; Anton 
Dohrn; from Venice Mar. Biol. Sta.; 1 ovigerous female (50205). 

Off Point Fermin, San Pedro; March 14, 1914; Anton Dohrn; 
from Venice Mar. Biol. Sta.; 1 ovigerous female (50204), variety with 
hepatic spine. 

Laguna Beach; W. A. Hilton; 1 young male (48986). 

San Diego Bay; Ballast Point Lighthouse, W. SW. 4 W., 300 
yards; 12 fathoms; fne. S. R.; March 22, 1894; station 3581, Albatross; 
1 male, 1 female (20149). 


SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 


W. H. Dall; 2 young females (16290). Anton Dohrn; from Venice 
Mar. Biol. Sta.; 1 ovigerous female (50207). 


198 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Genus LOXORHYNCHUS Stimpson 


Loxorynchus Stimpson, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, Feb., 1857, 
p. 84; type, L. grandis Stimpson. 

eae Gnckie Stimpson, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, 1857, p. 451 
[10]; correction of Loxorynchus. 


Carapace pyriform, tuberculate or spinous, and pubescent. Gastric 
region large, convex. Hepatic region small, prominent, armed with 
one or two stout spines. Rostrum bifid, more or less deflexed; horns 
divergent. Orbits imperfect, interrupted above and below by a deep, 
longitudinal sinus; ocular cavity subtubular. Eyes rather short, 
retractile, not concealed. Preorbital tooth strong; postorbital tooth 
acute, almost longitudinal; below it there is a smaller spine just out- 
side the basal article of the antenna. This article is broad, nearly 
quadrate, armed at the outer apex with an acute spine extended 
laterally; movable part of the antenna not concealed by the rostrum; 
flagellum long. Epistomelarge. Pterygostomian region tuberculate. 

Ischium of external maxillipeds strongly produced and rounded at 
the antero-internal angle; the same angle of the merus is subrec- 
tangular, internal angle deeply notched for insertion of palpus.  Cheli- 
peds of adult male much enlarged, longer than next leg; fingers 
gaping, extremities dentate, a large basal tooth on the dactylus. 
Legs diminishing in length from the first to the fourth pair; subcylin- 
drical; dactyli stout, unarmed. Abdomen with seven separate 
segments in both sexes. 

Inhabits the west coast of California and Lower California, Mexico. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS LOXORHYNCHUS 


A!. Carapace multispinous. Hepatic region armed with two large spines. Front 
strongly deflexed=f2<. 22 25 eee ee a see ee grandis, p. 198. 
A®. Carapace covered chiefly with a few large bosses or tubercles, each tipped 
with a spine. Hepatic region armed with one large spine. Front moder- 
ately deflexed LOUS1U. | alngges 2 banat) ff Ree ___crispatus, p. 200. 


LOXORHYNCHUS GRANDIS Stimpson 
SHEEP CRAB; KELP CRAB 
Plates 64 and 65 


Loxorynchus grandis Stimpson, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, Feb., 
1857, p. 85 (type-locality, near San Francisco, California; holotype, Cat. 
No. 15376, U. S. N. M.); Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1859, 
p. 49. 

Loxorhynchus grandis Stimpson, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. 6, 1857, 
p. 452 [12], pl. 20, fig. 1; pl. 22, fig. 1—Houmes, Occas. Papers Calif. 
Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 29.—Rarusun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 35, 
1908, p. 342, pls. 45, 46 and 47, fig. 1; fossil. 


Diagnosis.—Carapace multispinous. Two large hepatic spines. 
Front strongly deflexed. Two tubercles on basal antennal segment. 
Upper margin of manus of adult male less than twice its width. 


£ 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 199 


Description.—Carapace covered with spines or with spines and 
tubercles. Surface clothed with a vesicular pubescence mixed with 
longer, curved, yellow bristles which are most numerous about the 
spines and form a longitudinal row extending from either side of the 
gastric region to the extremity of the rostrum. A stout spine on the 
margin of the hepatic region and another equally large just below 
the margin. <A tubercle on the edge of the supraocular eave just 
above the eye. The basal antennal article besides the antero- 
external spine has a tubercle on the outer margin and another on the 
anterior margin at the insertion of the next article. 

Chelipeds of adult male much enlarged and about one and one- 
fourth times the length of the carapace. Outer surface of merus 
and carpus and upper surface of proximal half 
of manus tuberculate; merus subtriangular, three 
or four spines on upper margin. Hand much 
swollen, about two-thirds as thick as high and 
about two-thirds as high as its superior length. 
Fingers gaping for less than half their length. 

Legs subcylindrical; merus with a few spines 
or tubercles on distal half of upper margin, most 
evident in the first pair; carpus elongate, with 
a few tubercles or spines, and a longitudinal de- 
pression on the outer surface; propodus smooth. 
The vesicular pubescence on the legs is for the 





most part longer than on the carapace and ex- < 
tends to the horny tips of the dactyls; a few 5,4. 99~Loxoruyncuvs 
curved, yellow bristles are intermixed. GRANDIS (54738), MAXILLI- 


Measurements.—Male (18640), length of cara-  "**™ 


pace to tip of horn 200 mm., width 159 mm., length of propodus of 
cheliped on lower margin 120, on upper margin 66, width of same 
46, thickness 34.5, length of movable finger 64 mm. 

Range.—From Sati Francisco, California, to Point San Bartholome, 
Lower California; to.a depth of 68 fathoms; not common. Fossil in 
Fresno County, California, in Lower Pliocene series. 

Material examined.— 


“ CALIFORNIA 


Near San Francisco; Lieut. W. P. Trowbridge, U.S. A., collector; 
1 female, holotype (15376). 

Santa Barbara; 1880; D. S. Jordan; 1 male (3050) covered with 
bryozoans. 

Off Santa Barbara; lat. 34° 19’ 30’’ N.; long. 119° 44’ 15’’ W.; 68 
fathoms; gn. M.; 54° F.; May 11, 1889; station 2973, Albatross; 1 
male (17379). 


+ 


200 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


San Pedro Bay; deep water; July, 1896; H. N. Lowe; 1 female, 
very large (19866). 

San Pedro; 10 fathoms; H. N. Lowe; 1 male (23047). 

San Pedro Breakwater; June, 1911; Anton Dohrn (P. S. Barnhart), 
from Venice Mar. Biol. Sta.; 1 male, 1 female (50257). 

Santa Catalina Island; April, 1897; Albatross; 1 male, 1 female 
(20151), entirely concealed by algae. 

China Point, San Clemente Island; July 17, 1908; haul 1556; 1 
young (Scripps Inst.). 

San Diego; Dr. C. B. R. Kennerly; 1 carapace of large specimen 
(17572), labeled by Stimpson. 

San Diego Bay; 34k. E. NE. Point Loma Lighthouse; 614 fathoms; 
M. S.; April 1, 1896; station 3621; Albatross; 1 small male (20150). — 

California; origin uncertain; 1 male (54738). 


LOWER CALIFORNIA (WEST COAST) 


Ensenada; Enrique Gonzalez; photograph of specimen identified 
and returned to A. E. Herrera. 

San Martin Island (about lat. 30° 30’ N.); caught with hook; 
March 30, 1881; Lieut. H. E. Nichols, U.S. N., U.S. C.S.S. Hassler; 
1 male, very large (18640). 

Point San Bartholome; 1911; Albatross; 1 female (57562). 


% 
LOXORHYNCHUS CRISPATUS Stimpson 


Plates 66 and 67 


Loxorhynchus crispatus Stimpson, Journ. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, 
1857, p. 453 [13], pl. 22, figs. 2-4 (type-locality, San Miguel Island near 
San Pedro, California; types, Cat. No. 2083, U. S. N. M.).—Ratusoun, 
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, [894, p. 74.—Houtmgs, Occas. Papers Calif. 
Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 30. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace covered chiefly with a few large, spine-tipped 
bosses or tubercles. One large hepatic spine. No tubercles on 
basal antennal segment. Upper margin of manus of adult male 
more than twice its width. 

Description.—The carapace bears 9 or 10 large, conical bosses or 
tubercles covered except at the tip with very thick, short hair, 
which makes them appear hemispherical with a smal shining point 
emerging; besides there are a number of smaller, similar tubercles 
symmetrically arranged. As in ZL. grandis, a row of curled hairs 
extends from either side of the gastric region forward on to the rostral 
horns. Rostrum moderately inclined. Only one hepatic spine, its 
anterior margin sloping backward to the tip. No tubercle on the 
margin of the supraocular eave or on the basal antennal article. 

Chelipeds of old male elongate, over twice as long as carapace; 
merus with four spines above, two at the distal end and two near the 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 201 


proximal end; carpus with some blunt tubercles and spines, inner 
angle prominent, bluntly rounded; hands little compressed, less than 
two-thirds as thick as high and about two-fifths as high as its superior 
length; proximal half of upper margin spined; fingers gaping for more 
than half their length. Ambulatory legs unarmed. Sternal seg- 
ments deeply furrowed. 

Measurements.—Male (2193), length of carapace to tip of horns 
114, width 84, length of cheliped about 272; length of propodus of 
cheliped on lower margin 125, on upper margin 77.7, width of same 
excluding spines 30.7, thickness 21, length of movable finger 50 mm. 
Male (2000, M. C. Z.), length of carapace to tip of horns 133.5, 
width 96, length of cheliped about 251; length of propodus of cheliped 
on lower margin 113, on upper margin 68.6, width of same excluding 
spines 30.2, thickness 19, length of movable finger 46.6 mm. 

Range.—California from San Francisco to San Diego; 4 to 74 
fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

CALIFORNIA 


San Francisco; received December, 1859; T. G. Cary; 1 male of 
unusual size (2000, M. C. Z.); 1 large male, 1 large ovigerous female 
(334, M. C. Z.); identified by Stimpson. 

Off Farallon Islands; 20 fathoms; October 3, 1899; Alhatross; 2 
males, 1 ovigerous female (33455). 

Monterey; 1880; D. S. Jordan; 6 males, 5 females (5876). 

Monterey Bay: 100 feet; brought in by Chinese fishermen; Harold 
Heath; 2 males, 1 female (22875). Albatross; 1 male (26117). 

Monterey Bay; 1904; Albatross: Point Pinos Lighthouse, 5S. 9° E., 
4.5 miles; 46—56 fathoms; crs. S. Sh. R.; June 7; station 4551; 1 female 
with Rhizocephalid parasite; 1 young (46591). Point Pinos Light- 
house, S. 73° E., 4 miles; 66-73 fathoms; gn. M. R.; June 9; station 
4552; 1 female, 1 young. Point Pinos Lighthouse, S. 67° E., 3.7 
miles; 65-74 fathoms; R.; June 9; station 4553; 1 male (46533). 

Off Point Conception; January 8, 1889; Albatross: Lat. 34° 25’ 25’’ 
N.; long. 120° 20’ 00’’ W.; 31 fathoms; gy. S. brk. Sh.; station 2908 ; 
1 male, 1 female (15547). Lat. 34° 24’ 30’’ N.; long. 120° 20’ 00’’ 
W.; 44 fathoms; fne. gy. S.; station 2907; 1 young (17363). 

San Miguel Island; Lieut. W. P. Trowbridge, U.S. Army; 2 males, 
1 female (2083), types (1 male holotype, 2 paratypes). 

Off San Miguel Island; 1889; Albatross: Lat. 34° 07’ 00’’ N.; long. 
120° 33’ 30’’ W.; 53 fathoms; brk. Sh. S.; January 5; station 2895; 
1 female (15546). Lat. 34° 04’ 00’’ N.; long. 120° 19’ 30’’ W.; 26 
fathoms; gy. S.; temp. 54.9° F.; February 9; station 2958; 1 male 
(15600). 


202 | BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Off Santa Rosa Island; off Brockway Point; 38 to 45 fathoms; 
April 15, 1904; station 4431, Albatross; 1 male, 2 females, 3 young 
(46590). , 

Off Santa Cruz Island; lat. 34° 01’ 30’’ N.; long. 119° 29’ 00’’ W.; 
36 fathoms; G. brk. Sh.; temp. 57° F.; February 12, 1889; station 
2975, Albatross; 1 young (17361). 

Santa Monica Bay; 3 miles SW. by S., of Venice; 22 fathoms; 
August 2, 1913; Anton Dohrn, Venice Mar. Biol. Sta.; 1 male, 1 young 
(50248). 

Between Venice and Rocky Point, near San Pedro; August 12, 
1914; Anton Dohrn, Venice Mar. Biol. Sta.; 1 female, ovigerous 
(50006). 

San Pedro; about 4 fathoms; H. N. Lowe; 1 female (23046). 

Off Wilmington; February 5, 1889; Albatross: Lat. 33° 36’ 00’’ N.; 
long. 118° 09’ 30’’ W.; 27 fathoms; fne. gy. S. St.; station 2939; 1 
male (15545). Lat. 33°35’ 15’’ N.; long. 118° 08’ 30’ W.; 47 fathoms; 
fne. gy. S. St.; temp. 58° F.; station 2938; 3 males (15601). 

Santa Catalina Island: Entrance to Catalina Harbor; December 30, 
1912; Anton Dohrn, Venice Mar. Biol. Sta.; 1 young male (50247). 
Off Santa Catalina Island; 50 fathoms; H. N. Lowe; 1 young (29953). 
114"’ off Avalon, Dakins Cove; 47 fathoms; fne. gy. S.; temp. 51.7° 
F.; April 8, 1897; station 3662, Albatross; 2 young (20258). 

Off San Nicolas Island; lat. 33° 18’ 00’’ N.; long. 119° 24’ 00’’ W.; 
45 fathoms; ers. gy. S. brk. Sh.; February 13, 1889; station 2981, 
Albatross; 1 young (17360). 

Off San Diego; lat. 32° 33’ 30’ N.; long. 117°: 16" 00" W-; 36 
fathoms; gy. S.; temp. 58.2° F.; January 26, 1889; station 2934, 
Albatross; 1 young (17362). 

Southern California; Anton Dohrn, Venice Mar. Biol. Sta.; 1 
immature male (50246). 

California: C. M. Scammon; 1 male (2193). John Mullan; 1 male 
(11159). Bur. Fisheries; 1 ovigerous female (49956). 


Genus CHORILIA Dana 


Chorilia Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, p. 269; type, C. 
longipes Dana; U. 8. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 91. 
Carapace subpyriform, convex, spinous or tuberculate or both. 
Spines of rostrum long, slender, diverging from near the base, Pre- 
ocular spine present; supraocular hood separated by a U-shaped 
sinus from the postocular cup; orbit open below; eyestalks restricted 
at middle. Basal segment of antenna long and narrow; movable 
portion more or less exposed beside the rostrum. Chelipeds enlarged, 
manus compressed. Ambulatory legs slender, almost unarmed, first 
pair much the longest. 
Pacific coast of North America from Alaska Peninsula to cha 
Diego, California; Japan. 18 to 650 fathoms. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 203 


CHORILIA LONGIPES Dana 
CHORILIA LONGIPES TURGIDA Rathbun 


Plate 224, figs. 1-3; plate 225 


Chorilia longipes Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, p. 269 
(type-locality, ad oras Oregonense* type not extant); U. S. Expl. Exped., 
vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 91; atlas, 1855, pl. 1, fig. 5a—d. 

Hyastenus (Chorilia) longipes Mrers, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, 
1879, p. 658.—Ho.umes, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, 
p. 33. 


Hyastenus (Chorilia) japonicus Miers, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 27, 
pl. 1, fig. 2 (type-locality, lat. 41° 40’ N., long. 141° 10’ E., 100 fathoms; 
type in Brit. Mus.). 

Hyastenus longipes Mtrers, Challenger Rept. Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 56.— 
RatTusBun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 85, pl. 7; vol. 17, 1894, 
Dp. 62, pl 1) fig: 5: 

Hyastenus japonicus Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 56. 

Chorilia longipes turgida RatusBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 14, 
1924, p. 3 (type-locality, off San Diego, 359 fathoms; holotype, male, 
Cat. No. 15500, U. 8. N. M.). 

Diagnosis.-Hepatic spine when present 
smaller than lateral branchial spine. Preocu- 
lar spine directed obliquely outward. Spines 
and tubercles of carapace numerous. 

Description of typical form.— Carapace 
covered with numerous tubercles and some 
short unequal spines; the largest spine is 
that at the widest part of the carapace on 
the margin of the branchial region. Other 
important spines are two median gastric, 
which with two smaller lateral spines or 
tubercles form a rhomb. A blunt ridge or 
tubercle on hepatic region. Cardiac region 

: : Fic. 81—CHORILIA LONGIPES 
at its narrowest, more than half its greatest (31637), MAXILLIPED, X 4.3 
width. Two median cardiac tubercles, one 
larger intestinal tubercle. Rostrum about half (it may be more or 
less than half) as long as remainder of carapace; horns gradually 
tapering, acuminate. A slender preocular spine. 

Two spines on outer margin of basal antennal segment, followed 
posteriorly by a triangular tooth situated just outside the segment. 
Merus of outer maxillipeds with concave surface and prominent outer 
angle; ischium with a broad and deep, longitudinal sulcus. 

Chelipeds massive; merus prismatic, rough with granules, and 
with tubercles and spines arranged in rows. Carpus similarly rough, 
inner margin lamellate, the lamella bearing a backward-pointing 
lobe at the proximal end. Manus compressed, upper edge thin. 


_ Fingers narrow, gaping in their basal half or two-thirds; dactylus as 


204 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


long or nearly as long as upper margin of palm, with a subbasal tooth; 
immovable finger with a basal tooth; distal ends of fingers meeting, 
their edges crenulate. 

The legs of the first pair exceed the cheliped little or not at all; 
the other pairs are considerably shorter and themselves diminish 
successively in length. The merus of each terminates in a short, 
sharp point above; the dactylus is slender and curved. 

Description of Chorilia longipes turgida.—In the southern part of 
its range, the carapace of C. longipes becomes much rougher, more 
spinous, the tubercles replaced by 
short sharp spines; the hepatic 
region bears a spine on its margin 

=> instead of a tubercle or blunt ridge; 

po the width of the carapace increases 

Setar ora? ais notably in proportion to the length, 

Fig. 82.—Cuormia Lonares turera, Front thebranchialregicns areinflated and 

ee ee EL eee approach nearer the-median line, 

so that the distance between them is not more than half the greatest 

width of the cardiac region and is often much less; the movable 
segments of the antennal peduncle are longer and more slender. 

Occasional specimens intermediate between the typical and the 
turgida forms have been found from Oregon southward. 

Measurements.—Male of typical form (31634), length of carapace 
on median line 53.2, width 44.4 mm. Male holotype of subspecies 
turgida (15500), length of carapace on median line 56, width 50 mm. 

Range of the species.—Shumagin Bank and Kodiak, Alaska, to 
San Diego, California; Japan. 18 to 650 fathoms. The typical 
form ranges from the northern limit to Monterey Bay; the subspecies 
urgida, from Monterey Bay to San Diego. Another subspecies, 
C. 1. japonica (Miers) inhabits Japanese waters. 

Material examined.See table, pages 205-209. 


# 


Genus ROCHINIA A. Milne Edwards ‘ 


Amathia Roux, Crust. Médit., 1828, p. [5]; type, A. rissoana Roux.— 
Mitne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 285. Not Amathia 
Lamouroux, 1816, a genus of polyps. 

Pisa (Amathia) Dr Haan, Fauna Japon., 1839, pp. 78 and 84. 

Rochinia A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 86; type, R. 
gracilipes A. Milne Edwards. 

Scyramathia A. Mrune Epwarps, Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., Paris, vol. 91, 
1880, p. 356; type, S. carpenteri Norman.—Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. 
Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, p. 201.—A. Minne Epwarps and Bovvirr, Expéd. 
Sci. Travailleur et Talisman, Crust. Déc., pt. 1, 1900, p. 131. 

Anamathia: Smitu, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 7, 1885, p. 493; type, A. 
rissoana (Roux).—Muxrrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 25. 

Rachinia Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, p. 165. 


Carapace pyriform or elongate-triangular, with posterior margin 
rounded; armed with spines or spines and tubercles. Hepatic and 


205 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 





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lateral epibranchial spines prominent. Rostrum consisting of two 
spines usually long and slender. Eyes small, retractile against a 
postocular process; the supraocular eave usually terminates in a tooth 
or spine. Basal antennal article narrow and either unarmed, or 
with one or more spines. Merus of outer maxillipeds as broad as 
ischium, truncated distally, slightly produced at the antero-external 
angle, and bearing the palp at the antero-internal angle. 

Chelipeds usually slender, often greatly elongated in the male, with 
the palms broadened and compressed. Ambulatory legs slender and 
elongate; first pair markedly the longest. Abdomen in both sexes 
composed of seven distinct segments. 

East coast of America from 40° N. latitude to Barbados and from 
Cape Frio, Brazil, to Cape Horn; northeast Atlantic to South Africa; 
Mediterranean; Indian Ocean and Australia to Japan; Galapagos 
Islands. Depth, 30 to 738 fathoms. 


KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS ROCHINIA 


A!. Median spines 6; gastric spines 6; 2 spines on basal antennal article. 
crassa, p. 210. 
A?. Median spines or tubercles fewer than 6; gastric spines or tubercles fewer 
than 6. 
B!. Median tubercles 3; gastric tubercles 3. 
C!. Rostrum longer than remainder of carapace___________ cornuta, p. 217. 
C2. Rostrum shorter, less than half as long as remainder of carapace. 
gracilipes, p. 218. 
B?. Median spines or tubercles 4; gastric spines or tubercles 4. 
C!. Spines of carapace and rostrum long and slender; a spine at angle of 
DucCale Ca vat yes eer Se tea a hp eee eee hystrix, p. 214. 
C?, Spines or tubercles of carapace short or of moderate length; no spine at 
angle of buccal cavity. 
D!. Dorsal tubercles mostly large and flat-topped ____umbonata, p. 222. 
D2. Dorsal tubercles or spines acute, not large and flat-topped. 
E!. Two spines on basal antennal article; an oblique row of 3 spines 
from the anterior, median, gastric spine to the marginal, branchial 
spine at the widest part of the carapace__-_-_-- vesicularis, p. 221. 
E?. Only one spine or tooth on basal antennal article; an oblique row 
of more than 3 spines from the anterior, median, gastric spine 
to the marginal, branchial spine. 
IF'. An oblique row of 4 spines from the anterior, median, gastric 
spine to the marginal, branchial spine; 3 branchial spines 
(paired) Se. 2 ee a: AR: RR. oe ME ew a tanneri, p. 216. 
F2. An oblique row of 5 spines from the anterior, median, gastric 
spine to the marginal, branchial spine; 5 branchial spines 
(paire@) ean ako eS eee eke ss = Ae ee ee occidentalis, p. 220. 


ROCHINIA CRASSA (A. Milne Edwards) 
Plates 68, 69 and 226 


Amathia crassa A. MItnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 203, pl. 28, 
figs. 2-2b (type-locality, between Cuba and Florida, lat. 24° 15’ N.; long. 
82° 13’ W., 229 fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 2862, Mus. Comp. Zodl.); 
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 3. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 2a 


Amathia agassizii Smitu, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 10, 1882, p. 1, pl. 2, 
figs. 2 and 3 (type-locality, off Charleston, South Carolina, lat. 32° 25’ N.; 
long. 77° 42’ 30’ W., 262 fathoms; type in Mus. Comp. Zo6l.); Proc. 
U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 6, 1883, p. 3; Rept. U. S. Commr. of Fish and Fish- 
eries for 1882 (1884), p. 346 [2]. 

Anamathia crassa Smitu, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 7, 1884 (1885), p. 
493.—RaTHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 60, pl. 1, fig. 4; 
Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 254, pl. 1.— 
Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 18, 1895, p. 10. 

Anamathia agassizii Smiru, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 7, 1884 (1885), p. 
493; Rept. U. S. Commr. of Fish and Fisheries for 1885 (1886), p. 624 
[20], pl. 1, figs. 2, 3, 3a. 

Scyramathia agassizi Sars, Norske Nordhavs Exped., Crust., vol. 1, 1885, 
p. 274. 

Diagnosis.—Median spines 6; gastric spines 6; a prominent 
tooth at angle of buccal cavity; 2 spines on basal antennal article; 
a stout spine at extremity of merus of ambulatory legs. 

Description.—Carapace very convex in both directions with a 
tendency to median carination; surface pubescent. Median spines, 
6 (2 gastric, 1 genital, 2 cardiac, 1 
intestinal) ; a spine (paired) beside 
each of the median gastric spines; 
the anterior of the median spines 
forms the first of an oblique row 
extending backward to the spine 
at the lateral angle of the bran- 
chial region; a prominent, marginal 
hepatic spine; three small spines 
form a triangle on the inner portion 
if of thebranchial region. Abovethe 
ee ee posterior margin there is a small 

crassa, Front anp Spine on each side of the middle, 


orbit, X 1.5. (AFTER and over the bases of the last two 
RATHBUN) 





‘ ‘ Fic. 84.—ROCHINIA 
legs, a row of six or morespinules; crassa, mare (11213), 


above the anterior of these an “*#UPEP, X28 
irregular row of spines extends forward to the anterior angle of the 
buceal cavity. Spines of rostrum stout, gradually tapering, acumi- 
nate, diminishing in length with age. There is a preocular spine, a 
well-developed postocular lobe, and on the upper orbital margin 
a small tubercle. Basal antennal article with two spines on the 
outer margin, pointing downward, forward, and outward. 

Chelipeds long, slender, tuberculate, becoming much stouter and 
more elongate in the old. Merus with a distal spine and one or more 
spinules near the proximal end. Manus slightly compressed and 
distally enlarged. Fingers gaping at base, a tooth on the dactyl in 
the gape; prehensile edges furnished with stout teeth. Ambulatory 
legs slender, much shorter than the chelipeds in very large males, 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


212 








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and diminishing rapidly in size from first to fourth; in specimens of 
medium size they surpass the chelipeds; merus with a short spine at 
distal extremity. 

Measurements.—Male (18671), length of carapace to base of horns 
95 mm., width of carapace 79.5 mm., length of cheliped extended 
about 39.4 cm. or 151% inches; entire width of crab with chelipeds 
extended, about 83.6 cm. or 33 inches; length of merus of cheliped 
17.5 cm.; length of propodus of cheliped on upper margin 16.2 cm.; 
length of same on lower margin 20.6 mm. 

Rangé.—Kast coast of North America between 40° N. latitude 
and Florida Straits. Depth, 70 to 334 fathoms. 

Material excamined.—See table, pages 212-213. 


ROCHINIA HYSTRIX (Stimpson) 
Plates 70 and 71 


Amathia hystrix Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zod6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 124 
(type-locality, off Sand Key, Florida, lat. 24° 16’ 00’’ N.; long. 81° 42’ 
00’’ W., 137 (corrected from 1388) fathoms; type not extant).—A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 184; 1879, p. 200, pl. 28, figs. 1-1 b; 
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 8, 1880, p. 2. 

Anamathia hystrix Smiru, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 7, 1884 (1885), p. 4938; 
Rept. U. S. Commr. of Fish and Fisheries for 1885 (1886), p. 626.— 
RatuHBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 61—Faxon, Mem. 
Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 18, 1895, p. 10. 

Scyramathia hystrix RatTHBun, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., vol. 20 for 1900, 
pt. 2 (1901), p. 62. 

Diagnosis.—Median spines 4; gastric spines 4; spines of rostrum 
and carapace long and slender; one spine on basal antennal article; a 
slender spine at angle of buccal cavity, and at extremity of merus of 
ambulatory legs. 

Description.—Carapace covered with a short, dense, vesicular 
pubescence, and armed with 16 long, slender spines—2 rostral; 4 
median, of which 2 are gastric, 1 cardiac and 1 intestinal; 1 gastric 
spine on either side of the median line; 1 marginal hepatic (paired) ; 
3 branchial (paired) of which 1 is on the margin. The preocular 
spine is slender and much shorter than the other dorsal spines; 
postocular lobe slightly developed. Basal antennal article with a 
spine at the antero-external angle, while a longer spine is situated at 
the antero-external angle of the buccal cavity. 

Chelipeds slender and weak, very little stouter than the ambulatory 
legs and shorter than the first two pairs; merus cylindrical and with a 
terminal spine; carpus with an external spine; manus slightly com- 
pressed, widening distally; fingers toothed throughout their length, 
very narrowly gaping. First ambulatory leg much the longest. All 
are very slender, and the merus terminates in a spine. 


215 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 





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216 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Measurements.—Male (46703), length of carapace to base of horns 
21.9, length including horns 41.5, width of carapace excluding spines 
15.4, including spines 33.2, length of cheliped 44 mm. 

Range.—Florida Straits and Caribbean Sea as far as St. Vincent 
and Barbados. Depth, 88 to 387 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 215. 


ROCHINIA TANNERI (Smith) 


Plate 227, fig. 1 


?Amathia modesta Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zod6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 124 

(type-locality, off Sand Key, Florida, 120 fathoms; type not extant). 

Amathia tanneri Smiru, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 6, 1883, p. 4 (type- 

locality, off Delaware Bay, 130 fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 18915, U. 8S. 
IN. M:): 

eee modesta Smitu, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 7, 1884 (1885), 
. 493. 

Aaeaidnes tannert Smitu, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 7, 1884 (1885), p. 493; 
Rept. U. S. Commr. of Fish and Fisheries for 1885 (1886), p. 626 [22], 
pl. 1, fig. 4—Rarusun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 
1898, p. 254. 

Diagnosis.—Median spines 4; gastric spines 4; spines of carapace 
short and stout, of rostrum long; one spine on basal antennal article; 
a blunt tooth at angle of buccal cavity; a short spine at extremity 
of merus of first ambulatory leg, a tooth on the other legs. 

Descrvption.—Spines of carapace of the same number as in hystrix 
but much shorter, especially the lateral gastric spines which in 
small specimens are reduced to tubercles. Orbit less open than in 
hystrix, the supraocular eave projecting further over the eye; pre- 
ocular spine present. Basal antennal article with an antero-external 
spine. Anterior angles of buccal cavity prominent with a broad 
triangular tooth, followed by 3 or 4 blunt, conical projections on 
the pterygostomian region. 

Chelipeds very little stouter than ambulatory legs and similar 
to those of small specimens of 2. crassa. The merus of the ambula- 
tory legs terminates in a tuberculiform protuberance except in the 
first leg where it is produced in a short spine. 

Measurements.—Male, station 62, S. U. I. Exped., length of cara- 
pace from posterior margin to base of horns 21.6, total length of 
carapace including spines 35.2, width of carapace excluding spines 15, 
including spines 23.1 mm. 

Range.—Oft Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, to Straits of 
Florida. Depth, 70 to 146 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 213. 

Remarks.—It seems very probable that the type of Amathia mod- 
esta was a specimen of #. tanneri with the lateral gastric spines sup- 
pressed. If this could be proved, the name modesta would take pre- 
cedence of tanneri. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 217 


ROCHINIA CORNUTA (Rathbun) 
Plate 227, fig. 2 


Anamathia cornuta RATHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 571, 
pl. 41, fig. 2 (type-locality, northeast of Indefatigable Island, Galapagos 
Islands, 392 fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 21572, U.S.N.M.). 

Scyramathia cornuta RatHBuN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 35, 1907, p. 73. 

Diagnosis.—Median tubercles 3; gastric tubercles 3; dorsal pro- 
tuberances 9, short, conical; rostrum longer than remainder of cara- 
pace; 2 long marginal spines (paired). 

Description.—Surface closely covered with tuberculiform, cuta- 
neous vesicles, among which are a few curved hairs. Tubercles and 
spines of carapace as follows: Gastric region with 3 tubercles or short 
spines, the lateral ones in advance of the median; cardiac and intes- 
tinal regions each with one, short and conical; branchial region with 
2, short, the posterior one the smaller and nearer the median line; 
hepatic and branchial regions each with a long, slender, marginal 
spine directed outward, upward and forward. Rostral horns very 
long, slender, nearly equaling or exceeding half the entire length of 
the carapace, and extending nearly to base of rostrum, widely diver- 
gent, slightly arched. Supraocular eave well developed, preocular 
spine slender, not reaching line of base of rostral horns. Basal 
article of antenna with a short tooth or spine at antero-lateral angle. 
Pterygostomian ridge with three or four tubercles. A broadly rounded 
lamina at angle of buccal cavity. 

Chelipeds slender. Merus triangulate; outer face with a low blunt 
ridge; upper margin with a sharp terminal spine, and a broad sub- 
acute tooth near proximal end. Carpus with a superior uneven 
crest, a tubercle on outer surface near distal end. Propodus com- 
pressed, upper edge thin; dactylus more than half superior length of 
propodus. Fingers with narrow gape along their basal third, pre- 
hensile edges crenate. Merus of ambulatory legs with a short spine 
which decreases in size and acuteness from first to fourth pair, where 
it is a blunt lobiform prominence. 

Measurements.—Ovigerous female, type, length from posterior 
margin to tip of horns 50.2, length from base of horns 25, length of 
horns 26.5, width exclusive of spines 20.2, length of branchial spine 
9 mm. 

Range.—Off the Galapagos Islands, 392 to 633 fathoms. 

Material examined —Northeast of Indefatigable Island; lat. 00° 
29’ 00’’ S.; long. 89° 54’ 30’’ W.; 392 fathoms; wh. bk. S.; 43.9° F.; 
April 15, 1888; station 2818, Albatross; 5 males, 2 females (1 oviger- 
ous, holotype) (21572). 

Off Hood Island; lat. 1° 35’ 00’’ S.; long. 89° 30’ 00’’ W.; 633 
fathoms; It. gy. glob. Oz.; temp. 39.5° F.; November 7, 1904; station 
4641, Albatross; 1 male (33395). 


218 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


ROCHINIA GRACILIPES A. Milne Edwards 
Plate 229, figs. 1-4 

Rochinia gracilipes A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 86, 
footnote (type-locality, Cape Corrientes, Argentina; holotype in Paris 
Mus.). 

sentec gracilipes A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, pl. 18, 
figs. 1-1d.—LacerBere, Schwed. Sudpolar Exped. 1901-1903, vol. 5, 
Lief. 7, Anom. u. Brach., 1905, p. 22. 

Diagnosis.—Median tubercles 3; gastric tubercles 3; dorsal pro- 
tuberances 9; rostrum less than half as long as remainder of carapace; 
2 short marginal spines (paired). 

Description.—The median protuberances are bluntly rounded, the 
gastric and cardiac Jarger than the intestinal. The lateral gastric 
tubercles are acute. The branchial tubercle either side of the cardiac 
tubercle is very small. The hepatic and branchial marginal spines are 
short and conical; between them and only a little higher up on the 
carapace is a similar but shorter, branchial spine. A short preocular 
spine or tooth and a similar postocular one. Rostrum of moderate 
length, slightly deflexed, the outer margins of the horns little diver- 
gent. Asmall tooth at antero-lateral angle of basal article of antenna; 
a tubercle just outside the base of the article and 2 or 3 tubercles in a 
row on the pterygostomian region. Angles of buccal cavity rounded, 
margin thickened. A slight notch visible at inner angle of merus of 
maxillipeds. 

Chelipeds stout; palm broad, less than twice as long as greatest 
width; fingers not quite meeting at base when closed. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, total length of carapace 23.5, 
width 16.2 mm. (A. Milne Edwards). The specimens collected by 
the Hassler are smaller. 

Range.—From Cape Frio, Brazil, to Cape Horn. Depth, 30 to 55 
fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 219. 

Additional localities recorded.— 

Cape Corrientes, Argentina (male, figured type, A. Milne Edwards) ; 
100 meters (Lagerberg). 

East Patagonian Bank; lat. 44° S.; 90 meters (Doflein and Balss). 

South of Cape Horn; lat. 56° 20’S., long. 67° 42’ W.; 44 fathoms; 
Hassler (A. Milne Edwards). 

Remarks.—In the number and arrangement of prominences on the 
carapace, this species agrees with 2. cornuta, but the rostral and lateral 
marginal spines in the latter are much longer, the anterior branchial 
spine much higher up and the chelipeds slenderer. 








219 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 


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220 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


ROCHINIA OCCIDENTALIS (Faxon) 
Plate 228; plate 229, fig. 5- 


Anamathia occidentalis Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 24, 18938, p. 
150 (type-locality, near the Galapagos Islands, 385 fathoms, holotype, 
Cat. No. 4479, M. C. Z.); Mem. Mus. Comp. Zod6l., vol. 18, 1895, p. 8, 
pl. 1, figs. 2 and 2a. 

Diagnosis.—Median spines and tubercles 4; gastric spines and 
tubercles 4; 14 dorsal spines and tubercles; marginal spines and 
rostral horns of moderate length; a small spine or tooth on basal 
antennal article; none at buccal angle; a tubercle at end of merus 
of all legs. 

Description.—Carapace strongly arched, clothed with tuberculi- 
form, cutaneous vesicles and with delicate setae hooked at their tips; 
and furnished with spines and tubercles arranged as follows: Four 
on the gastric region (two in the median line, two lateral), the 
posterior of the median ones having the form of a tubercle, from | 
which a low blunt keel runs back to the cardiac region; one on the 
cardiac region, one (tubercle) on the intestinal region, one (a marginal 
spine) on each hepatic region, five on each branchial region. Of the 
branchial spines the one at the widest part projects upward and 
forward, and is the longest spine of the carapace, one-half as long as 
the rostral horns. There are four or five small tubercles on the 
outer border of the pterygostomian region. Rostrum more than 
one-fourth the length of the carapace and with 2 slightly divergent 
awl-shaped horns. Preocular spine well-developed and _ acute. 
Basal antennal article with a short, blunt spine or tubercle at its 
antero-external angle. Buccal area with its antero-external angle 
projecting but not dentiform. 

Chelipeds of male twice as long as carapace, not much more robust 
than the ambulatory legs; propodus little longer than the merus, 
subcylindrical, widening toward the fingers. Fingers less than half 
the basal portion; prehensile edges regularly dentate, closing through- 
out their length. Merus of ambulatory legs with a small tubercular 
projection at the distal end above, most prominent in the anterior 
pair. 

Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace without rostral 
horns 45, length of rostral horns 12, width of carapace 38, length of 
longest branchial spine 7 mm. 

Range.—Galapagos Islands. Known only from type-specimen. 

Material examined.—Oft the Galapagos Islands; lat. 1° 03’ 00’ 
S.; long. 89° 28’ 00’’ W.; 385 fathoms; R.; temp. 43.2° F.; March 
28, 1891; station 3404; 1 male, holotype (4404, M. C. Z.). 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 921 


ROCHINIA VESICULARIS (Rathbun) 
Plate 230 
Scyramathia vesicularis RatHBUN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 35, 1907, 


p. 73, pl. 5, fig. 7; pl. 8, figs. 1 and la (type-locality, SE. of Hood Island, 
Galapagos Islands, 300 fathoms; (holotype, Cat. No. 32860, U.S.N.M.). 


DMagnosis.—Median spines 4; gastric spines 4; dorsal and marginal 
spines short and numerous; 2 spines on basal antennal article; a spine 
on lower margin of orbit outside the antennal article; none at buccal 
angle; a spine or sharp tooth at end of merus of all legs. 

Description.—Body and legs everywhere covered with a pubescence 
formed of spherical vesicles; a few long, slender hairs on the gastric 
region, the lateral margins and the rostrum. Carapace behind the 
orbits armed with 20 short, stout, sharp-pointed spines, of which 4 
are gastric (2 median, the lateral spines on either side of the anterior 
median), 1 cardiac, 1 intestinal, 1 hepatic, marginal (paired), 6 
branchial (paired), of which one is suberect above the lateral angle, 
one is almost in line with the latter and the cardiac spine, 2 others, 
more anterior, form a straight line with the cardiac spine, while 2, 
smallest are above the bases of the second and third legs. Pre- 
ocular spine similar to the others; postocular cup narrow, curved 
inward, spine-tipped. Rostrum composed of 2 slender, moderately 
divergent horns, two-fifths the length of the remainder of the cara- 
pace. Basal antennal article armed with two spines on its outer 
margin; immediately behind the posterior of these is another spine on 
the orbital margin. 

Chelipeds of small male just as long as carapace and rostrum and 
a little stouter than the legs; arm with a row of four short spines above, 
which increase toward the wrist; wrist with 3 or 4 similar spines; 
palm with sides parallel, one and one-half times as long as fingers, 
which meet when closed, edges crenulate. Merus of ambulatory 
legs with a spine or sharp tooth at distal end; first pair one and one- 
half times as long as carapace and rostrum. 

In the female the rostrum is shorter, one-third the length of re- 
mainder of carapace; the cheliped equals length of carapace and half 
the rostrum; fingers relatively longer than in the male; first ambu- 
latory one and one-fifth times as long as carapace and rostrum. 

Measurements——Male holotype, total length of carapace 20.7, 
width 11.5, length of rostral horns 6 mm. 

Range.—Off the Galapagos Islands; 300 fathoms. 

Material examined.—Southeast of Hood Island, Galapagos Islands; 
lat. 1° 30’ 30’’ S.; long. 89° 35’ 00’ W.; 300 fathoms; brk. Sh. Glob.; 
temp. 48.6° F.; November 7, 1904; station 4642, Albatross; 1 male, 
holotype, 2 females (32860). 


222 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


ROCHINIA UMBONATA (Stimpson) 
Plate 72; plate 73, fig. 1 


Scyra umbonata Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 115 
(type-locality, off Sand Key, Florida, 143 fathoms; type not extant).—A. 
Miunr Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 87; 1880, pl. 31-A, figs. 5-55; 
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 8, 1880, p. 2. 

Scyramathia umbonata A. M1iLNE Epwarps, Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., 
Paris, vol. 91, 1880, p. 356. (See Sars, Norske Nordhavs Exped., vol. 14, 
Crustacea, pt. 1, 1885, pp. 6, 7 and 274; also Smith, Rept. U. S. Commr. 
of Fish and Fisheries for 1885 (1886), p. 625 [21]). 

Anamathia umbonata RATHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17,1894, p. 61, pl. 
1, figs. 1-3.—Faxon, Mem. Mus. Comp. ZoGl., vol. 18, 1895, p. 10. 


Diagnosis.—Median tubercles four; gastrie tubercles four; dorsal 
tubercles mostly large and flat-topped. No spine on basal antennal 
article or at buccal angle. A tubercle at end of merus of ambulatory 
legs. 








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FIG. 85.—ROCHINIA UMBONATA (11377), FRONT AND ORBIT, AFTER RATHBUN. @. MALE, TOTAL LENGTH 
OF CARAPACE 26.5 MM. 6, MALE, TOTAL LENGTH OF CARAPACE 28 MM. C. OVIGEROUS FEMALE, TOTAL 
LENGTH OF CARAPACE, 31 MM. 


Description.—Surface covered with a close tuberculiform pubescence 
with longer club-shaped setae on the margins of the legs and slender 
curved setae on the rostrum and gastric region and outer margin of 
branchial region. Carapace with nine tubercles on the dorsal surface, 
of which six are usually large, flattened and irregular in shape, and are 
situated on the posterior gastric, the cardiac, and two on each bran- 
chial region, the anterior of which is the larger; the three smaller tuber- 
cles are gastric, one anterior median, the others lateral. An hepatic 
and a branchial marginal spine, which may be either triangular, flat- 
tened and somewhat appressed, or conical and projecting outward. 
There is a small tubercle on the middle of the posterior margin, or of a 
raised ridge parallel to the posterior margin. Orbits variable, either 
narrow with the supraocular eave somewhat convex in outline and the 
preocular spines directed forward and subparallel to each other, or 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 923 


wider, with the eave wholly concave and the spines directed obliquely 
outward. Rostral horns varying from 0.21 to 0.4 of the length of re- 
mainder of carapace. Basal antennal article unarmed or with a very 
low and inconspicuous tooth at anterior angle. Angles of buccal 
cavity projecting, lobiform. Subbranchial and pterygostomian re- 
gions tuberculate. 

Chelipeds in male slightly enlarged, nearly as long as first ambu- 
latory leg; merus somewhat angled, upper margin tuberculate proxi- 
mally and with a distal spine. Carpus uneven; inner margin with a 
thin lobe near the merus. Manus compressed, narrow, margins thin. 
Dactylus about 24 the length of upper margin of manus, a large tooth 
at base in the hiatus. Prehensile edges of both fingers denticulate. 
Ambulatory legs of moderate length, with a tubercle at distal extrem- 
ity of merus, or in the first pair a short spine. 

Extremely variable, variations independent of sex. 

Measurements.—Ovigerous female (11377), length of carapace on 
median line 24.4, length of horn 7, width of carapace exclusive of 
spines 18 mm. 

Range.—Off Georgia to St. Vincent, West Indies. Depth, 88 to 440 
fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 219. 


Genus LIBIDOCLAEA Milne Edwards and Lucas 


Iibidoclaea MitNe Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. l’Amér. Mérid., 
vol. 6, pt. 1, Crust., 1843, p. 6; type, L. granaria Milne Edwards and Lucas. 
Carapace broadly pyriform, swollen above; branchial regions much 
enlarged; gastric region prominent; genital region small, triangular, 
its posterior part encroached upon by the branchial regions which at 
this point are separated from each other only by a deep depression; 
cardiac and intestinal regions very oblique. Surface rough with fine 
granulations, sharp tubercles and spines. Rostrum long, extremity 
bifid. Orbits deeply cut above and below; a strong preocular spine 
above; eyes short, stout and retractile; basal article of antennae of 
moderate width, with two spines or teeth on outer margin. Buccal 
cavity closed by outer maxillipeds. Anterior portion of sternal 
plastron very oblique; abdominal segments distinct in both sexes. 
Chelipeds elongate; not surpassing the next pair of legs; fingers long, 
slender, and denticulate on inner border. Ambulatory legs slender, 
diminishing successively in length; dactyli long, slender, and slightly 
curved. 
Southern part of South America. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS LIBIDOCLAEA 


A!, Rostrum less than one-third as long as remainder of carapace and bifurcate 
fOmlesssbiaAn alt VS Hlen mu Mee a eee enn ee ee granaria, p. 224. 
A?. Rostrum more than one-third as long as remainder of carapace (intestinal 
spine excluded) and bifurcate for half its length______--~-- smithii, p. 226. 


224 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


LIBIDOCLAEA GRANARIA Milne Edwards and Lucas 
Plates 76-78; plate 231, figs. 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 


Libidoclaea granaria M1iLNE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. l’Amér. 
Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, Crust., 1843, p. 8; atlas, vol. 9, 1847, pl. 3, pl. 4, 
figs. 1-1b (type-locality, environs of Valparaiso; type in Paris Mus.).— 
Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 72. 

Libidoclea coccinea Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, p. 268 
(type-locality, in deep water off eastern Patagonia; type not extant); 
U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 88; atlas, 1855, pl. 1, 
figs. 3a—3d. 

Libinia coccinea Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 73.—RatH- 
BUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 574. 

Libinia gracilipes MiErs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, pp. 73 and 
74, pl. 9, figs. 2-2c (type-locality, off coast of Chiloe, 45 fathoms; type in 
Brit. Mus.). 


Diagnosis.—Rostrum bifurcate for less than half its length. Spines 
of carapace moderate, spine at lateral angle less than half as long as 
width of branchial region except in young (16 
mm. long and under), where it is just half as 
long as width of branchial region. 

Description.—Spines and tubercles of cara- 
pace very unequal; the principal spines are 
proportionally much longer in the young than 
in the old. Gastric tubercles 7, 3 median, 
the middle one of which may almost disap- 
pear, and 2 on each side in a longitudinal 
line; a long cardiac spine, a longer intestinal 
spine, a still longer spine on the lateral mar- 
gin at the widest part of the carapace and 
opposite the narrow anterior border of the 
cardiac region. Hepatic margin produced in 
a spine. A curved line of tubercles follows 
the innermost margin of the branchial region; 
Fic. 86Lisipoctaza ¢rana. Mong the larger tubercles, of this-region a 

RIA (21919), maxituren, X triangle of 3 near the gastric region is promi- 

8 nent; while a still larger spine lies above the 
postero-lateral margin and in a line with the cardiac spine; from it a 
row of spines curves downward and then forward and is continued on 
the subbranchial and the pterygostomian regions, ending in a flat 
triangular spine at the angle of the buccal cavity. 

Rostrum inclined downward; horns short, moderately spreading. 
Supraocular eave narrow, armed with a sharp, ascending spine, and 
divided from the postocular cup by a narrow fissure; this cup in 
lateral view shows a rounded lobe. This in turn is separated by a 
broad, curved sinus from the basal segment of the antennae. The 
segment is anteriorly narrowed and its outer margin is occupied by 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 935 


two stout curved spines. Behind the orbital sinus there is a well- 
developed tubercle. 

The merus of the outer maxillipeds is a little longer than wide, its 
antero-external angle is broadly rounded.** 

The chelipeds and legs are very long, the chelipeds not so long as 
the first pair of ambulatory legs even in the fully developed male, 
where they are stouter than the legs. Their surface is rough with 
fine sharp granules which, if invisible to the naked eye, are evident 
to the touch when the appendage is rubbed from the distal end toward 
the carapace. Palms of old male compressed, a little narrower at 
proximal end than elsewhere; fingers about two-thirds as long as 
upper margin of palm, gaping at base and armed with low teeth on 
their prehensile edges. A smooth longitudinal depression on the 
upper surface of the carpus of the ambulatory legs. + 

Measurements.—Male (Milne Edwards and Lucas), length of cara- 
pace 67, width 56mm. Male (Dana), length 23< inches (60.4 mm.), 
width without spines 21% inches (54mm.). Male (Miers), length and 
width about 36 mm. Immature male (21919), length of carapace 
from posterior margin to tip of horns 36.2, width with spines 38, 
without spines 30 mm. Male (1870, M. C. Z.), length of carapace 
from posterior margin to tip of horns 90.5, extreme width 86.2, 
length of cheliped, approximately 235, length of propodus of cheliped 
on lower margin about 116, length of same on upper margin 74.2, 
length of dactylus of cheliped about 47 mm. 

Color.—Carapace yellowish white, ambulatory legs of same color 
but much darker (Milne Edwards and Lucas). Scarlet (Dana). 
Yellowish-brown, in spirit (Miers). 

Range.—From Valparaiso, Chile, to off Gulf of San Matias, Pata- 
gonia; 30 to 52 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Porto San Pedro, Island of Chiloe, Chile; U. S. C. S. S. Hassler; 
1 old male encrusted with Balanus (1870, M. C. Z.). 

Off Gulf of San Matias, Patagonia; lat. 40° 03’ 00’’ S.; long. 58° 
56’ 00’’ W.; 52 fathoms; fne. dk. S.; January 13, 1888; station 2767, 
Albatross; 200 specimens of medium and small size (21919); the male 
measured above is the largest specimen of this lot. 

Other records.— 

Near Valparaiso (Milne Edwards and Lucas). 

Off Cape Tres Montes, Chile; lat. 46° 53’ 15’’ S.; long. 75° 12’ 00”’ 
W.; 45 fathoms; station 304, Challenger (Miers). 





# This is contrary to the form of the merus given in the atlas of d’Orbigny’s ‘‘ Voyage,”’ pl. 4, fig. 1}, 
where the merus has a prominent tooth at the antero-external angle. I am disposed to believe that the 
artist may have included the angle of the buccal cavity with the merus. This view is substantiated by 
the correspondence in all essentials of the figures of the other parts as represented by the three authors 
above cited. Compare pl. 4, fig. 1 a of M. Edwards and Lucas with pl. 1, fig. 3 c of Dana and pl. 9, fig. 2 b 
of Miers; also pl. 3 of M. Edwards and Lucas with pl. 1, fig. 3 a of Dana and pl. 9, fig. 2 of Miers. 


226 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Off eastern coast of Patagonia; 30 fathoms (Dana). 

Age variation.—A male collected by the Hassler is larger than any 
previously recorded. The dorsal spines of the carapace are reduced 
to tubercles, even those of the margin are very short and conical. 
The rostrum is much wider at base than its length and does not widen 
at the tip as in the young; horns very short; length of rostrum 9.6, 
width at base 11.4, width at tips 2.7 mm. The inner margins of 
the orbits converge anteriorly, the interspace narrowing from 17.6 
to 14.8mm. The width of the body, exclusive of spines, in relation 
to its total length, is greater than in smaller specimens. 


LIBIDOCLAEA SMITHII (Miers) 
Plates 74 and 75; plate 231, fig. 3 

Libinia smithii Mimrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 73, pl. 9, 
figs. 1-Ic (¢) (type-locality, off coast of Chile, lat. 52° 45’ 30’’ S., long. 
73° 46’ 00’’ W., 245 fathoms; type in Brit. Mus.). 

Libinia hahni A. Minne Epwarps, Miss. Sci. Cape Horn, vol. 6, 1891, 
Crust., p. 5, pl. 1 (2) (type-localities, Beagle Channel, in sight of Loupa- 
taya, 198 meters or 108 fathoms and near Murray Narrows, 280 meters 
or 153 fathoms; type in Paris Mus.). 

Diagnosis.—Rostrum ‘bifureate for half its length. Some spines 
of carapace long, spine at lateral angle about as long as width of 
branchial region. 

Description.—Differs from L. granaria in the greater length of the 
rostrum and of certain spines of the carapace. The rostrum in the 
largest male is nearly half as long as the postrostral portion of the 
carapace not counting the posterior spine, the horns occupy half 
the length of the rostrum and diverge widely. The spine at the 
lateral angle of the carapace is the longest and equals in length the 
width of the branchial region. Other elongate spines are four median 
spines, namely, the intestinal, cardiac, anterior, and posterior gas- 
tric; the hepatic spine; two branchial spines (paired); preocular spine 
(paired). The tubercles of the carapace are fewer and lower than 
in granaria of similar size. In the females examined the rostral horns 
are less divergent than in the male, but the long spines of the cara- 
pace are very little if any shorter than in the male. In the young 
only six spines are noticeably longer than in granaria of the same 
size, viz, the two rostral, cardiac, intestinal and lateral branchial 
(paired). 

Measurements.—Male (21922), length of carapace from posterior 
margin to tip of horn 43, width including spines 52.1, width excluding 
spines 29.6 mm. Ovigerous female (21920), length from posterior 
margin to tip of horn 51.8, width excluding spines 38.6 mm. 

Color.—In spirit, light yellowish brown (Miers). 

Range.—From Calbuco, Chile (Lenz) to Straits of Magellan; 
depth, 10 to 15 (Lenz) and 61 to 1,050 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 227. 


227 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 























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228 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Genus OPLOPISA A. Milne Edwards 


Oplopisa A. M1unE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 201; type, O. spinipes 
A. Milne Edwards. 

Near Pisa Leach,* but differs in the form of the maxillipeds and 
of the buccal cavity; the merus of the outer maxillipeds is much 
dilated at its antero-external angle while truncate on the inner side; 
the buccal cavity, instead of a straight anterior margin, is much 
more advanced on the sides than in the middle portion. Carapace 
pyriform, with two rostral horns and inner orbital angles spiniform. 
Orbit incompletely closed below, the low border being separated from 
the basal article of the antenna by a deep, wide cut; this article is 
narrow, the movable part of the antenna is exposed in dorsal view. 
Antennular fossettes large. (After A. Milne Edwards.) 

Known only from the type species. 


OPLOPISA SPINIPES A. Milne Edwards 
Plate 232, figs. 1 and 2 


Oplopisa spinipes A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 201, p. 
15 A, figs. 5-5b (type-locality, in explanation of plate, Strait of Florida, 
101 fathoms; type in Paris Mus.).—A. Mitne Epwarps and Bovvirr, 
Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 47, 19238, p. 11, fig. 8. 
Diagnosis.—Orbital margin unarmed except for the preorbital and 
the postorbital spine. Carapace rough with spines and granules. 
Antennae, buccal area, chelipeds and legs similar to Mithraz. 
Description.—Carapace thick, swollen, slightly hairy, regions 
little marked. Four tubercles surmount the gastric region; three 
of them are situated in advance in a transverse row, the fourth is 
behind. Some tubercles on the cardiac, branchial and hepatic 
regions; between the tubercles the surface is covered with fine granu- 
lations. Rostrum narrow, formed of two straight, divergent horns; 
it is about one-third as long as the rest of the carapace. Postorbital 
angle wide, triangular and pointed. Basal article of outer antennae 
armed on its lateral margin with two spines, the anterior of which is 
the most developed. Chelipeds of female very feeble, furnished on 
the merus and carpus with short, obtuse spines. Ambulatory legs 
not very long, covered with regularly disposed spines. (After A. 
Milne Edwards.) 
Measurements.—Length of carapace including rostrum 12.5, 
excluding rostrum 9, width of carapace 7 mm. (A. M. E.). 
Locality—Known only from the type-locality, Strait of Florida, 
101 fathoms. 
Remarks.—The figures of this species suggest strongly the young 
of a Mithraz, but the want of spines on the upper and lower margins 
of the orbit forbids its inclusion in that genus. 





33 Edin. Encye., vol. 7, 1814, p. 431. 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 229 


Genus TRACHYMAIA A. Milne Edwards 


Trachymaia A. Mitne Epvwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 351; Bull. Mus. 
Comp. Zo6l., vol. 8, Dec. 29, 1880, p. 3; type, 7. cornuta A. Milne Edwards - 
Carapace broad, much swollen posteriorly, spinous. Rostrum 
short, deeply bifurcate. A small preocular spine, a large postocular 
spine, an infero-orbital spine. Eyes large, flattened almost hori- 
zontally. Basal antennal article long and narrow; next article 
inserted on either side of rostrum. Merus of outer maxillipeds with 
antero-external angle much dilated, antero-internal angle oblique, not 
notched. Chelipeds elongate, chelae much enlarged. Legs very 
slender, first one longer than cheliped, remainder diminishing rapidly 
in length; dactyli long, styliform, unarmed. 
Contains but one species. 


TRACHYMAIA CORNUTA A. Milne Edwards 


Plate 80; plate 232, figs. 3-5 


Trachymaia cornuta A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 352 
(type-locality, off Barbados, 82 and 140 fathoms; cotypes, Cat. No. 2763, 
M. C. Z.); Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, Dec. 29, 1880, p. 3—RarusBun, 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 63. 

Tachymaia cornuta A. MitnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, pl. 31 A, 
figs. 2—2c. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace broad, spines delicate; eyes large and flat; 
chelipeds long and massive; ambulatory legs filiform. Merus of 
outer maxillipeds not notched at antero- 

‘internal angle. 

Description.—Carapace rough with spin- 
ules and covered with soft bristles; spines 
arranged as follows: Four on gastric region 
forming a transverse diamond; 2 median 
cardiac, close together; 5 branchial, three 
near inner margin, 2 near outer; 1 hepatic 
and 1 subhepatic spine; on posterior margin 
a line of 25 small spines terminating above 
first leg; of this row the median spine and 2 
near the middle are larger than the others; Wey 
on the margin of the branchial region there | 
is a line of 4 spines extending forward from Fi. 87.—Tracnymara connura 

: (11400), MAXILLIPED, X 11.6 

above first leg; a cluster of 4 spines on 

pterygostomian region; rostral spines long, slender, divergent; pre- 
orbital spine acuminate; postorbital projecting laterally much be- 
yond eye. Eyes large, flattened almost horizontally. A large sub- 
orbital spine and a spine at angle of buccal cavity. Basal anten- 
nal article bears a terminal and one lateral spine; second movable 
article reaches half way to end of rostral spines, remaining portion 
exceeds rostrum by half its length. In male abdomen, first segment 


230 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


has three spinules transversely arranged; second has two median and 
one lateral; third and fourth have a median tubercle; sternum with 
four spinules in front of abdomen. 

Chelipeds nearly twice length of carapace; ischium, merus and 
carpus spiny; hand broad, upper margin spinulous; lower margin 
with a tooth near articulation; fingers flattened laterally, broad, pre- 
hensile edges dentate, acute, narrowly gaping for half their length. 
Legs slender, first nearly three times length of carapace, fourth about 
one-half length of first. 

Measurements.—Male (11400), median length of carapace 14.5, 
length including horns (tips broken off) 15.7, width without spines 
13 mm. 

Range.—Little Bahama Bank; St. Thomas; St. Croix; Nevis; 
Barbados. Depth, 82 to 338 fathoms. 

Material eramined.—See table, page 227. 


Genus LEUROCYCLUS Rathbun 


Salacia MiuNE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. l’Amér. Mérid., vol. 
6, pt. 1, Crust., 1843, p. 12; type, S. tuberculosa Milne Edwards and 
Lucas. Salacia preoccupied by Lamouroux, Hist. Pol. Coral. Flex., 
1816, p. 212. 

Leurocyclus RatuBun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 164 
(substituted for Salacia). 

Carapace broader than long, suborbicular, depressed, regions well 
marked. Rostrum very small, subtriangular. Orbits directed for- 
ward; postocular cup large, separated from the scarcely projecting 
inner margin of the orbit by a triangular sinus. Basal segment of 
antenna very wide, wider than the space between it and the post- 
ocular tooth, and having a blunt tooth at the antero-external angle; 
the movable portion is entirely visible in dorsal view beside the 
rostrum. Epistome rudimentary. Ischium of outer maxillipeds 
broad, inner margin denticulate; merus cordiform. Chelipeds short; 
palm much swollen; fingers long, slightly curved, inner margins 
denticulate. Ambulatory legs very long, spinulous; merus subcy- 
lindrical, propodus compressed, dactylus long, slender, compressed , 
and slightly curved. Sternal plastron much wider than long. Sixth 
and seventh segments in male abdomen fused; in female, fifth, sixth, 
and seventh fused. 

Contains only two species. 


LEUROCYCLUS TUBERCULOSUS (Milne Edwards and Lucas) 


Plate 232, figs. 6-11; plate 233 


Salacia tuberculosa MiuNE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. |’ Amér. 
Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, Crust., 1848, p. 13; atlas, vol. 9, 1847, pl. 2 (type- 
locality unknown; Chile?; holotype in Paris Mus.).—A. Minne Epwarps 
and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 47, 1923, p. 387, pl. 12, 
fig. 5. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 231 


Salacia sp.? Brito CapEtyo, Jorn. Sci. Lisboa, vol. 3, no. 12, 1871, p. 263, 
pl. 3, figs. 3, 3a, 36. 

Diagnosis.—Palms dilated. Merus of ambulatories proximally en- 
larged. A thick brush of hair on propodus of last three legs. 

Description.—Carapace covered with tubercles and fine granula- 
tions; short, scattered, fawn-colored hairs in the interregional de- 
pressions. Rostrum and superior inner border of orbit finely granu- 
late. Merus of chelipeds ornamented with many longitudinal rows 
of prominent granules, some of which take the form of more or less 
spiny tubercles. Manus dilated and covered with fine granules and 
occasional spiny tubercles. Ambulatory legs granulate; ischium 
armed above with an erect spine; some spines also on the merus 
especially of the first two pairs where they form a row continuous 
with the ischial spine; merus proximally enlarged; granules of pro- 
podus arranged in rows; propodus of last three legs covered on the 
upper surface with a brush of numerous, crowded hairs; in the first 
leg the hairs are confined to the outer border of the same article; 
dactylus flattened and deeply grooved, a slight swelling in the old 
at the base of the horny tip. Sternum finely granulate. 

Color.—Carapace yellowish white; tips of walking legs brown. 

Measurements.—Type male, length 52, width 55 mm. (M. E. and 
L.). Male (Chile), length 60, width 71 mm. (Brito Capello). 

Range.—From Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Bouvier), to Chile (Milne 
Edwards and Lucas; Brito Capello). 

Material examined.—Chile(?); 1 male, holotype (Paris Mus.). 


LEUROCYCLUS GRACILIPES (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier) 
Plates 82 and 83 


Leurocyclus tuberculosus RATHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 573. 

Microrhynchus gracilipes A. M1tNE Epwarps, MS., in A. Minne Epwarps 
and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 47, 1923, p. 387. 

Salacia gracilipes A. Minne Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. 
Zo6l., vol. 47, 1923, pl. 11, figs. 9 and 10, text-fig. 21 (type-locality, off the 
Rio de la Plata, lat. 40° 22’ S., long. 60° 35’ W., 30 fathoms; holotype in 
Paris Mus.). 

Diagnosis.—Palms not dilated. Merus of ambulatories not at all 
enlarged. No brush of hair on propodites. 

Description.—Closely related to the preceding, but much smaller. 
Besides the differences noted above, the chelae are longer; the am- 
bulatories much longer and slender, with the superior basal spines 
larger. 

Measurements.—Immature male (21907), length of carapace 12.7, 
width 12.5 mm. Adult male (holotype) length 11.6, width 11.7 mm. 

Range.—Off the Rio de la Plata; 101% to 30 fathoms. 

Material eramined.—Argentina; off Rio de la Plata; January 12, 
1888; Albatross: Lat. 36° 42’ 00’’S.; long. 56° 23’ 00’ W.; 11% 


a 


932 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


fathoms; S. brk. Sh.; station 2764; 10 young (21907). Lat. 36° 43’ 
00’’ S.; long. 56° 23’ 00’’ W.; 10144 fathoms; S. brk. Sh.; station 
2765; 25 young (21908). Lat. 36° 47’ 00’’ S.; long. 56° 23’ 00’ W.; 
101% fathoms; S. brk. Sh.; station 2766; 4 young (21909). 


Genus CHIONOECETES Krdoyer 


Chionoecetes Kroyer, Naturh. Tidssk., ser. 1, vol. 2, 1838, p. 249; type, 
C. opilio (O. Fabricius). 

Peloplastus GrrsTAcKER, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 22, pt. 1, 1856, p. 102, pub- 
lished April, 1857, according to Stimpson; type, P. pallasii Gerstiicker = 
C. opilio (O. Fabricius). 

Carapace about as broad as long, breadth at orbits about half as 
great as across branchial regions; either depressed or partially in- 
flated, more or less tuberculate or spinose. Rostrum short, divided 
into two flat, triangular horns. Orbits large, shallow, open above 
so that the short, thick eye-peduncles are visible from above when 
retracted; cornea large. No preocular tooth or spine; a large post- 
ocular tooth, directed forward. Basal antennal article narrow, 
diminishing distally and ending in a spine; next two articles not 
dilated; flagellum short. 

Chelipeds much shorter than the first three ambulatory legs; 
fingers long and narrow; palm only slightly enlarged until the crab 
reaches considerable size (100 mm. or more). Legs more or less 
compressed. Abdomen composed of seven segments. 

Occurs from Cortes Bank (lat. 32° 17’ 00’’ N.), off San Diego, 
California, northward through Bering Sea and Strait to the Arctic, 
westward on the Siberian coast to long. 173° 24’ 00’’ W. and eastward 
on the Alaskan coast as far as a point 10 miles west of Point Franklin. 
West coast of Greenland (lat. 70° 42’ 00’’ N.) southward to Casco 
Bay, Maine. Kamchatka; Okhotsk Sea to south coast of Hokkaido 
(Jesso); sea of Japan to lat. 36° 01’ 30’’ N. (coast of Korea). Chile. 
Littoral to 1,625 fathoms. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHIONOECETES 


A'!. Branchial regions depressed or slightly swollen. Lateral margin of carapace 
exposed in dorsal view as far forward as first pair of ambulatory legs. 
Rostrum horizontal. Meropodites of legs broadly dilated. 

B!. Length and breadth of carapace subequal; dorsal surface ornamented with 
tubercles. Spines of pterygostomian-branchial row small, numerous, 
andofj:neanly. equal) size! +. ~-2aclx. Dbitsg- sesagre heh opilio, p. 233. 

B?. Carapace broader than long; dorsal surface with a few spines anteriorly. Last 

three or four spines of pterygostomian-branchial row large___ bairdi, p. 235. 

A’. Branchial regions much swollen dorsally and laterally concealing a large part 
of the side margins of the carapace. Dorsal surface spinous. Rostrum 
ascending. Meropodites of legs narrow. 

B'. The two dorsal branchial ridges meet outwardly in a curved line marked 
by two subequal spines. Posterior marginal arch of carapace medially 
interrupted. Interbranchial space very deeply depressed. 

tanneri, p. 248. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 933 


B?. The two dorsal branchial ridges meet outwardly in an acute angle marked 
by a large spine. Posterior margin of carapace regularly arcuate. 
Interbranchial space shallower than in tanneri___-_-- angulatus, p. 247. 


CHIONOECETES OPILIO (O. Fabricius) 
(CHIONOECETES OPILIO ELONGATUS Rathbun) 
Plates 84 and 85 


Cancer phalangivm O. Fasricitus, Favna Groenlandica, 1780, p. 234, Green- 
land; not Cancer phalangium J. C. Fabricius, 1775. 

Cancer opilio O. Fasricitus, K. Danske Vid. Selsk. Skr., nye Saml., vol. 3, 
1788, p. 182, plate (type-locality, Greenland; type not extant).** 

Chionoecetes opilio Kr6yrer, Naturh. Tidssk., ser. 1, vol. 2, 1838, p. 249.— 
Smitu, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., vol. 5, 1879, p. 41, and synonymy.— 
RaTHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 74, pl. 4, figs. 5-7, and 
synonymy; in Grenfell’s Labrador, 1909, p. 481.—Hansren, Danish 
Ingolf-Exped., vol. 3, pt. 2, 1908, p. 138.—Paris1, Monitore Zool. Ital., 
vol. 27, 1916, p. 189. 

Chionoecetes behringianus Stimpson, Proce. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, 
Feb., 1857, p. 84 (type-locality, off Cape Romanzoff, Alaska; cotypes, 
Cat. sNos., 2031. and .53041).. U.S. N: M:;,Cat. No. 1875, M. C. Z.); 
Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, 1857, p. 449 [8]; Smithson. Mise. 
Coll., vol. 49, 1907, p. 8. 

-Peloplastus pallasii GerstAcker, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 22, pt. 1, 1856, 
published April, 1857, according to Stimpson (type-locality, Asiatic Sea; 
type in Berlin Mus.). 

Chionoecetes chilensis StrEETS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 22, 
1870, p. 106 (type-locality, Chile; type not extant). 

Chionoecetes opilio elongatus RaATHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 
14, 1924, p. 3 (type-locality, Sea of Japan, 245 fathoms; holotype, male, 
Cat. No. 46636, U. S. N. M.). 


Diagnosis.—Carapace chiefly tuberculate. Rostrum horizontal. 
Branchial regions far apart. Lateral margin of carapace exposed in 
dorsal view as far forward as first pair of ambulatory legs. Mero- 
podites of legs broadly dilated. 

Description.—Surface covered with a very short pubescence 
and with scattered, unequal, rugose prominences which are blunt, 
wartlike, and granulate about the middle but become more acute 
anteriorly. The larger tubercles end posteriorly rather abruptly in 
a transverse line across the carapace through the middle of the 
cardiac region. Gastric region depressed and well separated from the 
branchial regions. The posterior and postero-lateral margins have a 
double row of granules, the upper row being widely interrupted at 
the intestinal region. The antero-lateral marginal row of spines or 
tubercles is continued to the angle of the buccal cavity. <A similar 
but shorter marginal row crosses the subhepatic and suborbital 


4 Dr. K. Stephensen, of the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen, writes under date of Jan. 29, 1923, that 
the type is not in that museum. He says: “‘Itis very improbable that any of O. Fabricius’s types are 
preserved. King Christian VIII (who died in 1848) bought his collection or, rather, the remaining parts of 
it, and our museum includes the royal collection; but there are, unfortunately, no notes on the origin of 
the material.” 


© 


934 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


regions. Rostrum horizontal. Supraocular eave a little arched, 
margin oblique. Two supraorbital notches, a broad suborbital sinus 
and a narrower one next to the basal antennal article. This article 
as well as the lower orbit has denticulate margins. 

Chelipeds not more than one and one-half times as long as the 
carapace except in the old, twice as long; 
margins of merus rough with sharp granules 
or denticles; carpus and manus with lines of the 
same; manus swollen, prismatic; fingers half 
again as long as palm, deflexed, grooved, 
smooth except for the denticulate prehensile 
edges. First three ambulatory legs very long 
(about twice as long as carapace, in the old 
three times as long), flat; merus joints very 
rough except near the middle of the surfaces. 
Last leg much shorter (about as long as 
cheliped) and narrower, merus smoother. 

First two or three segments of abdomen 
FIG. 88.—CHIONOECETESOPILIO. coarsely granulate; nana segment in male 

(43803), MAXILLIPED, X 3.7 

invaginated in sixth segment. 

Color.—Light brick-red above, often iridescent, below yellowish- 
white; sides tot feet. shining white (Stimpson). 

Measurements —Male (9231), length of carapace and rostrum 
(approximately) 125.5, width 127.5, length of cheliped 234, of first 





FIG. 89.—CHIONOECETES OPILIO, YOUNG MALE, DORSAL VIEW, ENLARGED. (AFTER SMITH, MS.) 


ambulatory leg 299 mm. Male (46636, opilio elongatus), total length 
of carapace 118, width 122.5 mm. 

Range.—From west Greenland. in lat. 70° 42’ N. (Hansen), 
southward to Casco Bay, Maine, in fish stomachs (Smith). From 
Arctic Alaska, 10 miles west of Point Franklin, westward to northeast 
Siberia (long. 173° 24’ W.) (Stuxberg), and southward through 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 935 


a 


Bering Strait to the Aleutian Islands and to Korea (lat. 36° 01’ 307’ 
N.). Littoral to 350 fathoms (West Greenland) and 1,215 fathoms 
(Sea of Japan). Chile (Streets). 

Variation.—Varies as to roughness of carapace, amount of hairiness 
and length and width of legs, especially of the merus. In the Sea of 
Japan the legs are longer than elsewhere, the merus of the second leg 
usually exceeding that of the first in old males; the length of the 
second merus is from 5.5 to 6.3 times its width. The same article in 
similar specimens from Greenland and the Atlantic has a length of 
from 4.9 to 5.2 times its width, and is shorter or just as long as the 
first merus. The typical form of the species reappears in Alaskan 
waters and Bering Sea, but in the Okhotsk Sea there is a tendency 
toward the long-legged form of the Sea of Japan. This form may be 
known as Chionoecetes opilio elongatus. (See table.) 

Material examined.—See table, pages 236-242. 


CHIONOECETES BAIRDI * Rathbun 


Plates 86 and 87 
Chionoecetes opilio RATHBUN (part), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, 
coda 
Be ascic bairdi RatuBwun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 14, 1924, 
p. 3 (type-locality, head of Kingcombe Inlet, British Columbia; H. E. 
Nichols; 1 male, holotype, Cat. No. 5862, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—Near opilio. Carapace a little wider than long (length 
measured to tip of rostral teeth). The spines in the row leading from 
the pterygostomian region backward to the branchial region become 
suddenly larger, the last three or four spines being of considerable 
size; in opilio these spines do not increase notably in size. Several 
other prominences of the antero-lateral regions are spinous instead 
of tuberculous. Outer orbital tooth curved more strongly inward 
than in opilio, rostral teeth narrower, interspace wider. Spines of 
legs longer. 

Description.—The branchial regions are more depressed than in 
opilio, and in consequence the width is greater; the width exceeds the 
length, while in opilio the width is subequal to the length. The inclined 
subtriangular facet of the anterior branchial region is steeper, higher 
and shorter than in opilio; the highest point is marked by a spine, 
instead of a tubercle; in opilio, there are no dorsal spines, that is, none 
above those in the submarginal row. In bairdi the last (posterior) 
three or four spines of the pterygostomian-branchial row are notably 
enlarged; also the outermost of the prominences in the transverse 
branchial row is spinous or spinulous. The whole animal is rougher 
than in opilio. The carapace is narrower across the orbits, the outer 
orbital teeth are bent inward more; the median emargination of the 
front is wider and the teeth narrower and with less arched margins, 


* For Prof. Spencer F. Baird, first U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries. 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 243 


than in opilio. The lateral margin of the carapace is deeply scalloped® 
this character alone serves to distinguish very young specimens (10 
mm. and under) from the allied species. Chelipeds and legs more 
coarsely and abundantly spinous than in the allied species. Male 
abdomen with sides a little more concave, terminal segment with its 
free edge more arched, the segment less invaginated in the preceding 
segment. 

Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace and rostrum 
73.3, width 81.2, length of cheliped about 100, of first ambulatory leg 
about 182mm. Male (31661), length of carapace and rostrum 121, 
width 139.4, length of cheliped about 197, of first ambulatory leg, 
292 mm. 

Range.—From the southeastern part of Bering Sea (lat. 56° 18’ 00’’ 
N.) and the Aleutian Islands (about long. 178° E.) eastward and south- 
ward to British Columbia (Kingcombe Inlet). From shallow water 
to 259 fathoms; usually in less than 100 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, pages 244-246. 


CHIONOECETES TANNERI (Rathbun) 
Plates 88, 89, and 234 


Chionoecetes tannert RATHBUN (part), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, 
p. 76, pl. 4, figs. 1-4 (type-locality, Gulf of the Farallones, California, 29 
fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 15860, U.S. N. M.); Harriman Alaska Ex- 
ped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 174——Houmes, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., 
vol. 7, 1900, p. 40.—Werymoutu, Leland Stanford Jun. Univ. Publ., Univ. 
Ser. No. 4, 1910, p. 35, pl. 7, fig. 19. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace chiefly spinose. Rostrum ascending. Bran- 
chial regions nearly meeting on median line, interspace deeply de- 
pressed. Lateral margin of carapace exposed in dorsal view only as 
far forward as third pair of ambulatory legs. Meropodites of legs 
narrow, little dilated. 

Description.—Carapace much swollen at the branchial regions, 
which are distended both vertically and laterally, concealing the lat- 
eral margin of the carapace. Between the branchial regions, which 
nearly meet, there is a deep, narrow depression which widens ante- 
riorly and joins the cervical suture. Carapace covered with spines 
and spinules instead of tubercles and granules; the transverse row 
across the branchial regions is more prominent than in opilio, and is 
well in advance of the cardiac row; from its outer end a row of spines 
runs obliquely forward toward the orbit. The outer spine of the 
oblique branchial row is as large as the outer spine of the transverse 
row, is directly in front of.it, and is usually more produced laterally; 
the two rows therefore join in a curve not at an angle. Another row 
of spines forms the lateral supra-marginal border of the branchial 
region, and is continued on the pterygostomian region; from this row 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


244 





























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Material examined of Chionoecetes bairdi—Continued 


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a short branch runs up on the 
branchial region. An irregular 
row of small spines crosses the 
gastricregion. The orbits, outer 
margin of the post-orbital teeth 
and the infero-lateral and pos- 
terior margins of the carapace 
are armed with spinules. Ros- 
tral horns more upturned than 
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narrower, leaving a wider inter- 
space. 

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strongly deflexed in the center 
and arched at the sides. The 
external maxillipeds when in 
place do not fit closely into the 
buccal cavity, as in opilio; 
merus with spinous margins. 
Ambulatory legs armed with 
longer and stouter spines than 
in opilio. In adults more than 
in young the legs are longer in 
tanneri, especially the meropo- 
dites, which are much narrower, 
and in the male do not widen at 
the proximal end as in opilio. 
Legs of female shorter than of 
male, as is the case in opilio. 

Second segment of male ab- 
domen bent downward at lateral 
extremities in almost a right 
angle. On the sternum in front 
of the abdomen there is a trans- 
verse ridge of sharp tubercles. 

Measurements —Male, holo- 
type, length of carapace on me- 
dian line 119, width exclusive of 
spines 130, length of first ambu- 
latory leg 316, length of its 
merus 134, greatest width of 
same merus 18.5. mm. 

Range.—From Washington 
(lat. 47° 29’ 30’’ N.) to the ex- 
treme northern part of Lower 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 247 


California (lat. 32° 17’ 00’’ N.). Depth, from 29 to 1,062 fathoms; 
seldom less than 250 fathoms. 
Material examined.—See table, pages 248-250. 


CHIONOECETES ANGULATUS Rathbun 
Plates 90 and 91 
Chionoecetes angulatus Ratusun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 14, 
1924, p. 4 (type-locality, south of Pribilof Islands; 1,401 fathoms; station 
3604, Albatross; male, holotype, Cat. No. 19303, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—Near tannert. The two dorsal rows of spines and 
tubercles on the branchial region meet at the outer margin in an 
acute angle. Interbranchial space not deeply depressed. Rostral 
teeth as wide as, or wider than, the length of their inner margin. 

Description.—Specimens of this species were formerly placed with 
C. tanneri, but the subsequent collection of considerable material 
demonstrates that the form from northern waters may well be classed 
as a distinct species. 

Carapace more pubescent than in tannerz; the pubescence of tannert 
is less dense and more easily rubbed off. 

Posterior margin of carapace gently arcuate; in tanner? there is a 
median interruption or small shallow bight. 

Interbranchial space not so deeply depressed; the urogastric region 
is defined by a groove on either side; in tanneri the whole region is 
depressed and narrowly compressed. 

The two dorsal ridges on the branchial region converge in straight 
lines and meet in an acute angle marked by asingle, though not simple, 
large spine; in tannerz the ridges meet in a curved line marked by two 
subequal spines. The posterior of these ridges is formed of bunches 
of acute tubercles, except the outer one or two on each side, which 
may be spines or spinous; in tanneri this ridge is composed largely of 
single spines. 

The rostral teeth are wider, the width at base being in half-grown 
specimens as great as the length of the inner margin; in old speci- 
mens, greater than the length. 

Legs more dilated toward the proximal end. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace on median line 
73, width exclusive of spines 78.6, length of first ambulatory leg 182, 
' length of its merus 73.3, greatest width of same merus without spines, 
13 mm. Largest male (46638), length of carapace on median line 
134.4, width exclusive of spines 151.5, length of first ambulatory leg 
356.5, length of its merus 149.7, greatest width of same without spines 
25 mm. 

Range.—From east coast of Kamchatka (Avacha Bay) eastward 
through Bering Sea to the Pribilof Islands, thence southward along 
the Aleutian Islands as far east as long. 167° 25’ 00’ W. From 

















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British Columbia (lat. 52° 39’ 30’’ N.) southward to Oregon (lat. 
43° 01’ 00’ N.). Depth, 49 to 1,625 fathoms. 
Material examined.—See table, page 251. 


Genus HYAS Leach 
Hyas Leacu, Edin. Encye., vol. 7, 1814, p. 431; type, H. araneus (Linnaeus). 


Carapace broad, but still narrower than the postfrontal length, 
more or less lyrate or shield-shaped, tuberculate and pubescent. 
Rostrum triangular, flat, bifid, horns separated by a narrow slit or 
interspace. Eyes when retracted not entirely covered by the narrow 
supraocular eave; a fissure above and below the orbit; postocular 
cup formed by a large, triangular, flattened and acute tooth. A 





Fic. 90.—HYAS, LEFT BASAL ANTENNAL ARTICLE OF THREE SPECIES. @. ARANEUS, MALE (10031). 
b. COARCTATUS ALUTACEUS, MALE (40182). c. LYRATUS, MALE (15927) 


tubercle on the middle of the anterior surface of the eyestalk. Basal 
antennal article of good size, longer than wide; the next, or first 
movable, article laterally dilated; last article of peduncle, narrow, 
cylindrical. Chelipeds stout, chelae compressed. Ambulatory legs 
subcylindrical. 

Distribution.—Arctic Ocean with the exception of the Siberian 
coast between long. 147° E. and Kara Sea, and of the American coast 
between Baffin’s Bay and Langton Bay, Northwest Territories; 
Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean southward on the Asiatic side 
to Korea and perhaps Amoy, and on the American side to the State 
of Washington; North Atlantic Ocean southward on the American 
side to Cape Hatteras, and on the European side to the English 
Channel. 

KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF THE GENUS HYAS 
A’. Carapace subtriangular; hepatic region not dilated laterally. Basal antennal 
article subtriangulanse= 2 2 oe. tek ose ae eee ee araneus, p. 253. 
A’. Carapace lyrate; hepatic region dilated laterally forming, with the post- 
orbital region, an alate expansion. Basal antennal article with sides 
nearly parallel. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 253 


B!, Posterior angle of hepatic projection broadly rounded. Basal antennal 
article without a large tubercle at antero-external angle. 
C!. Rostrum long; total carapace length is to rostrum length as 4.5:1 in 
medium specimens up to 6.4:1 in largest specimen. 
coarctatus, typical, p. 258. 
C?. Rostrum shorter and broader; total carapace length is to rostrum length 
as 7:1 in medium specimens up to 9.3:1 in large specimens. 
coarctatus alutaceus, p. 258. 
B?. Posterior angle of hepatic projection subacute. Basal antennal article with 
bead tubercle at antero-external angle_________________ lyratus, p. 270. 





Fic. 91.—HYAS ARANEUS, MALE, DORSAL VIEW, X 1.55. (AFTER SMITH, MS.) 


HYAS ARANEUS (Linnaeus) 
TOAD CRAB. HARPER (Leach) 


Plates 92 and 93 


Cancer araneus LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, 1758, p. 628 (type-locality, 
in Oceano Europaeo; type not extant). Not Cancer araneus Herbst, 
Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 1, 1785, p. 206. 

Cancer bufo Hersst, Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 1, 1790, p. 240 (wrongly 
242), pl. 17, fig. 95 (type-locality, in der Nordsee; type in Berlin Mus.). 

Inachus araneus Fasricius, Entom. Syst., Suppl., 1798, p. 356. 

Maja bufo Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1802, p. 255. 

Maja araneus Leacu, Edin. Encyc., vol. 7, 1814, p. 394. 


254 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Hyas araneus Leacu, Edin. Encyc., vol. 7, 1814, p. 481; Malac. Podoph. 
Brit., 1816, pl. 21A, colored, and explanatory text.—RaAtTHBUN, Proc. 
U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 67, and synonymy; in Grenfell, Labra- 
dor, 1909, p. 481.—Brruna, Annuaire Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. 
Pétersbourg, vol. 11, 1906 (1907), p. 4—Hansrn, Danish Ingolf-Exped., 
vol. 3, part 2, 1908, p. 13, except Brandt’s and Stuxberg’s records.— 
Brruta, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. 
Pétersbourg, ser. 8, vol. 29, 1910, 
p. 4, pl. 1, fig. 1—Dons, Troms¢g 
Mus. Aarshefter 34, 1912-13, p. 146, 
pl.-1, figs. 1-13; pl. 2, figs. I to 8, 11; 
pl. 3, figs. 1 & 2, text-figs. A 1,3, 5 & 
7,B1 & la, C; 37, 1914 (1915), p. 86. 
—Von Horsten, K. Sv. Vet. Akad. 
Handl., vol. 54, 1916, p. 63. 

Hyas coarctatus, var., Horex, Niederl. 
Archiv f. Zoologie, Suppl. vol. 1, 
Tiefs3, 1882, p. 3, pl..1, fig. 1. 

Hyas coarctata StuxBeRrG, Vega-Exp. 
Vetensk. Iakt., vol. 5, 1886, p. 51. 

Hyas araneus, var. hoeki Brruua, An- 
nuaire Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. 
Pétersbourg, vol. 2, 1897, p. 442 [38] 
(type-locality, White Sea, 3-100 
fathoms; type in Petrograd Mus.); 
vol. 4, 1899, p. 37 [18], text-fig. 3. 

Hyas araneus hoeki Brruta, Mém. Acad. 
Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, ser. 8, vol. 
29, 1910, p. 3, and synonymy. 





Diagnosis.—Carapace subtriangular; 
s\ SS hepatic region not dilated laterally. 
Fic. 92.—Hyas araneus (10031), waxiur Basal antennal article subtriangular, 
Se narrowing anteriorly (fig. 90, a). 

Description.—Carapace very convex antero-posteriorly, strongly 
deflexed in front of the middle of the gastric region. Rostral horns 
contiguous. Lateral margins of carapace tuberculate behind the 
postorbital tooth, converging anteriorly throughout their length, or in 
small specimens the margins of the postorbital teeth may be parallel; 
marginal line interrupted between hepatic and branchial regions by a 
small, shallow sinus. Surface uneven, ornamented with pustulate 
tubercles, especially on the median gastric area and in an oblique 
row on each branchial region; on the intestinal region two tubercles 
side by side which may in small specimens be united in one. Basal 
article of antenna subtriangular, narrowing anteriorly, margins thick. 

Chelipeds in old male stout, fingers thick, slightly compressed, 
fingers very narrowly gaping when closed; first ambulatory leg longer 
than chehped. 

Color.—The dorsal surface except of the fingers a dull purplish 
red, ventral surface chiefly buff, according to Leach’s figures. 





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258 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Measurements.—Male (10229), extreme length of carapace 72.4, 
width 54 mm. Largest male examined (3319), length 94, width 72 
mm. Male, Iceland, length 110, width 86 mm. (Hansen). 

Range.—West coast of Greenland from lat. 69° 15’ to 64° 11’ 
N. (Hansen) ; from Labrador at Hebron, about lat. 58° 20’ N., south- 
ward to Rhode Island. East coast of Greenland (Dons); Iceland; 
Northern Europe; Arctic Ocean from Spitzbergen eastward to about 
60° E., in Kara Sea. ?Atka, Aleutian Islands (Birula, 1910). 

Shallow water to 500 meters (273 fathoms), according to Dons. 

Material examined.—See table, pages 255-257. 


HYAS COARCTATUS Leach 
HYAS COARCTATUS ALUTACEUS Brandt 
HYAS COARCTATUS URSINUS Rathbun 
TOAD CRAB 


Plates 94-97 


Hyas coarctatus Leacu, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 11, 1815, p. 329 
(type-localities, in mari Britannico; apud Frith of Forth, Plymouth 
Sound et Salcombe; supposed types in Brit. Mus., but label incomplete *) ; 
Malac. Podoph. Brit., 1816, pl. 21B.—Smitru, Rept. U. S. Fish Commr., 
vol. 1, 1871-72 (1873), p. 548 [254]—Rarusun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 16, 1893, p. 69, and synonymy; in Grenfell, Labrador, 1909, p. 481; 
Rept. Canad. Arc. Exped., 1913-18, vol. 7, pt. A, 1919, p. 9A.—Biru.a, 
Annuaire Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, vol. 11, 1906 (1907), 
p. 8.—Hansen, Danish Ingolf-Exped., vol. 3, pt. 2, 1908, p. 15.—Dons, 
Troms¢ Mus. Aarshefter_34, 1912-13, p. 158, pl. 1, figs. 14-19; pl. 2, figs. 
9-10; pl. 3, figs. 83-8, text-figs. A2, 4, 6 and 8, B2 and 2a, and synonymy 
except H. lyratus; 37, 1914 (1915), p. 88. 

Lissa fissirostra (by error, fssirostra) Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- 
delphia, vol. 1, 1817, p. 79 (type-locality, coast of Long Island; type not 
extant). 

Hyas coarctata Minne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 312; 
R. Anim. de Cuvier, disciples ed., p. 90, pl. 32, fig. 3—Brruia, Annuaire 
Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, 1897, p. 445 [41]. 

Hyas serratus Hatustonr, Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, 1835, p. 262 (type- 
locality, near Hastings, England, in trawl net; type not extant). 

Hyas bufonius Wuire, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 6 (locality not given; 
type in Brit. Mus.). 

Hyas coarctatus, var. alutacea Branpt, in Middendorff’s Reise in den 
Aussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens, vol. 2, Zool., pt. 1, 1851, p. 79 
(type-locality, Bear Island, near the Schantar Islands, Okhotsk Sea, 
Siberia; type in Petrograd Mus.). 


% Dr. Calman, of the British Museum, under date of January 23, 1923, writes: ‘‘There are in our collec - 
tion a number of old dry specimens of Hyas coarctatus which according to the ‘List of British Animals,’ 
part 4, Crustacea, 1850, came ‘from the collection of Dr. Leach,’ but curiously enough their origin is not 
stated in the museum register and I suspect some confusion has taken place in the labels of the specimens 
themselves. The result is that although it is probable that some of them might be ranked as the syntypes 
of the species, I am not confident that I can tell which they are I do not think it likely that types exist 
in any other museum.” 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 259 


Hyas latifrons Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 9, 1857, 
p. 217 [24] (type-locality, in Mari Beringiano; types, Cat. No. 2100, 
U.S N. M.); Smithson. Misc. Coll., vol. 49, 1907, p. 9, pl. 2. 

Hyas coarciatus, var. latifrons BRAZNIKOV, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Péters- 
bourg, ser. 8, vol. 20, 1907, No. 6, p. 48. 

Hyas coarctatus alutaceus Brruta, Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg, ser. 8, 
vol. 29, 1910, p. 4, pl. 1, figs. 2-5. 

Hyas coarctatus forma alutacea Dons, Troms¢g Mus. Aarshefter 37 (1914), 
1915, p. 86, footnote. 

Hyas coarctatus ursinus RaTHBUN, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 14, 
1924, p. 4 (type-locality, Sea of Japan, 325 fathoms; holotype, female, 
Cat. No. 46493, U. S. N. M.). 

Diagnosis.—Carapace lyrate; postorbital and hepatic regions di- 
lated laterally, forming a winglike expansion with a rounded, postero- 
lateral angle. Basal antennal article narrowing anteriorly but not 
triangular, and without large tubercle (fig. 90, 6). 

Description.—The hepatic and postorbital regions are dilated 
laterally and form an expansion with a broadly rounded postero- 
lateral margin, which is separated by a broad and deep sinus from 
the branchial region. The tubercles of the lateral margin extend 
forward only to the posterior part of the hepatic region. The basal 
article of the antenna narrows a little forward, its thickened side 
margins are granulate, the outer margin terminating forward in a 
distinct although blunt tooth. 

The ornamentation of the carapace is similar to that of H. araneus. 
On the mesogastric region two large median tubercles, on the uro- 
gastric region two others side by side. In the old the carapace is 
rougher than in araneus, and the chelipeds more roughly granulate. 
The rostral horns may be contiguous or diverge narrowly or have a 
buttonhole gape, meeting only at the tips. The chelipeds may 
attain or exceed the length of the legs of the first pair. 

Color.—According to Leach’s figures, the color is similar to that 
of H. araneus, but the red of carapace and chelipeds is more re- 
stricted. Dusky brick-red above, whitish below (Stimpson, as 
latifrons). 

Variations.—In the course of its range, the species shows great 
variation. The typical form is of relatively small size, has a long 
rostrum in proportion to length of carapace; rostrum contained in 
total carapace length 4.5 times in specimens of medium size, to 6.4 
times in the largest (Birula). The form called alutacea by Brandt 
and later latifrons by Stimpson has a shorter, broader rostrum, its 
length contained in total carapace length 7 times in specimens of 
medium size, to 9.3 times in large specimens. The anterior third of 
the carapace, embracing the hepatic regions, is wider in alutaceus 
than in typical coarctatus; the tubercles of the carapace are less 
strongly marked. 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM . 


260 


























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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 269 


H. coarctatus alutaceus has an extensive range. According to 
Birula (1910) it reaches as far north and west as Bennett Island on 
the Siberian coast, thence eastward to Bering Strait and southward 
through the width of Bering Sea to Okhotsk Sea and the southern 
shore of Sakhalin Island. Further south, Sea of Japan to Shanghai, 
there is another well marked subspecies, Hyas coarctatus ursinus, 
to be dealt with elsewhere. 

In the Arctic, alutaceus occurs also east of Bering Strait as far as 
Point Barrow, Alaska, and again in 
Beaufort Sea, Northwest Territories. 
Although from this point to the Green- 
land coast the species is absent, it is 
the same form, alutaceus, which ap- 
pears in lat. 70° 25’ N., West Green- 
land, and is continued thence south- 
ward, by way of Hudson Strait and 
Bay to Labrador, Newfoundland, and 
Cape Breton. 

At Newfoundland and farther west 
and south, that is, from Nova Scotia, 
by way of Gulf of Maine, to North 
Carolina, the form changes, but not 
abruptly, into the typical coarctatus of 
the British Isles. This form, follow- 
ing the general direction of the Gulf 
Stream, is continued northeasterly 
from the Carolina coast to north- 
western Europe; thence it extends “~ eee ae uae Ai 
eastward in the Arctic only to the 
Murman Sea and therefore fails to connect with the Siberian range of 
alutaceus by nearly 100° of longitude. 

Besides the geographical variation there is much individual varia- 
tion even in specimens from the same gathering, regardless of age or 
sex. This makes the definite division into separate forms very diffi- 
cult and unsatisfactory. Some of the variations are noted in the last 
column of the distribution table. 

Measurements.—Largest specimen, male, examined (Grand Banks, 
alutaceus, 40182), length of carapace 80, greatest width 64.5 mm. 
Male (west Greenland), length 99, width 74 mm. (Hansen). Largest 
American specimen, male, of typical form examined (off Cape Cod, 
4555), length 30.2, width 19.7 mm. Largest specimen known of 
typical form, male, Murman Sea, length 51.5, width 35 mm. (Birula, 
1910). 

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270 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Range.—From west Greenland (lat. 70° 25’ N., Hansen) and east 
Greenland (lat. 66° N., Dons) to Hudson Strait and Bay, thence 
south to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (lat. 35° 43’ N.). 

Langton Bay, Northwest territories, Canada; from Point Barrow, 
Alaska, to Bering Strait and southward in American waters of Bering 
Sea to lat. 56° 10’ N.; thence southward via Kamtchatka and Sak- 
halin Island (Japan) to Yezo Strait and through the Sea of Japan to 
Korea (lat. 37° 02’ N., Hansen), ursinus form. Shanghai (see table) ; 
Amoy (lat. 24° 30’ N., Hansen). 

Iceland; Arctic coast of Europe to long. 49° E. (Birula) and lat. 
79° 30’ N. at Spitzbergen (Dons); northern Europe southward to 
about latitude 49.5° N. (Dons). 

Coast of Siberia and northward, as far west as Bennett Island 
(about 147° E.) and north as 76° 50’ N. (Birula) to East Cape. 

Depth, low-water mark to 373 fathoms, exceptionally 906 fathoms 
(W. Atlantic). 

Material excamined.—See table, pages 260-268. 


HYAS LYRATUS Dana 
BLUNT-NOSED CRAB 
Plate 235 


Hyas lyratus Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, p. 268 (type- 
locality, ad oras Oregonenses; type not extant); U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 
13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 86; atlas, 1855, pl. 1, fig. la-d—RatTuHBun, 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 72, pl. 3, and synonymy. — 
HoumgEs, Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 32, and synonymy. 

Hyas coarctatus Dons, Troms¢ Mus. Aarshefter 34, 1912-13, p. 158 (part: 
lyratus form). 

Diagnosis.—Carapace lyrate; angle of hepatic margin acute or 
subacute. Basal antennal article with a large, smooth, round tuber- 
cle at antero-external angle (fig. 90, ¢). 

Description.—Carapace more lyrate than in H. coarctatus; the 
lateral expansion of the hepatic region is more pronounced and is 
produced to a subacute angle. Surface less convex antero-poste- 
riorly. The lines of tubercles, median, marginal and branchial, are 
stronger; two large median gastric tubercles, and on either side and 
a little in advance of the anterior of these, another large tubercle; 
cardiac region surmounted by a tubercle, a larger one on the intestinal 
region; a pointed tubercle on the posterior margin of the hepatic 
expansion. A narrow cleft between the rostral horns, tips more 
widely separated. Margins of basal article of antenna armed with 
a few small conical tubercles including one at the extremity of the 
inner margin; at the extremity of the outer margin a very large, 
smooth, spherical tubercle, which is partly visible from above and 
alone serves to distinguish the species not only from others of this 


271 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 


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31569. 
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Ue oeea asses aoa manatee 


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Neapiets Vay LS. seeders. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 275 


genus but from all other spider 
crabs. The outer angle of the 
merus of the third maxilliped is 
more arcuate than in coarctatus. 
The tubercles of the chelipeds 
are stronger than in coarctatus 
and the manus has the upper 
margin tuberculate for two-thirds 
of its length. The manus of well 
developed males is longer in pro- 
portion to its width than in the 
preceding species. 

Color.—Dull pinkish red. 

Measurements.—Male (5872), 
length of carapace 105, width 80 
mm. 


l y_.2 = === bol Obes 
y p 31654 
LC) See = 280 Me neers 
NW. 
Boundary Sur- 


C. B. R. Ken- 
vey. 


nerly, 


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See Oe 
Dr. 





3596 | Albatross_.___..--- 


4214 
4215 


4219 


Range.—Bering Sea, from a line 
connecting Bering Island, Com- 





Apr. 30, 1894 
oo eee a 


50.8 | July 1, 1903 
1S 8) | sedan == 


Ad 
50. 1 


mander Islands, Siberia, with 
Pribilof Islands and Bristol Bay, 
Alaska (greatest lat. 58° 38’ 30’ 
N.), southward along the shores 
of the Aleutian Islands, thence 
eastward and southward to Ad- 


5078 |p-=. ade ee 





Lasawawscetleachsced|-a asses. | wlly -16;1015: |. aout W. Spreadborough. te oe eee ea enle WiGtome: 


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sft. gn. M. br. Co- 
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DU; WM -. -t = eee 
16-26 | gn. M.S. brk. Sh-_ 


6 

(4) 
81 

14-17 


1.1 miles. 


Kala Point, N.83° W., 


0.5 mile. 
.| Olele Point, Oak Bay, 


Kala Point, N.41° W., 


DISCOVERY alo: ascent he eae 


ee tae a |Cn ee ee nae net cee cal eos eee baeacne cea che see coal eeee oP eae Per dG) 


Do = 


Passage. 
Off Squin Bay_.-..-.._...-| 48 14 30 |122 58 00 


Port Townsend 
Port Townsend (Bay)_____- 


Menzies Bay, 
OTT] Oa eee oe ee Be 
Victoria 


Washington: 


‘miralty Inlet, Washington (about 
lat. 48°--N.).. Depth, 5 to 350 
fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, 
pages 271-275. 


Genus PELIA Bell 


Pelia Brut, Proce. Zool. Soe. 
London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 
170; type, P. pulchella Bell; 
Trans. Zool. Soe. London, vol. 2, 
1836, p. 44. 


Carapace pyriform, swollen, 
especially the gastric and cardiac 
regions, smooth or nearly so, and 
covered with a thin coating of 
short, soft hair; lateral margins 
entire. Rostrum well developed, 
divided for half or more of its 
length into two acute diver- 
gent horns. The outer margins 
of the supraocular eaves 
converge anteriorly and 


gn. M.S. brk. Sh- 


16-31 


S. 27° E., 1.5 miles. 
Olele Point, Oak Bay, 
S. 20° E., 0.8 mile. 


WO e252 
Puget Sound at Simeahmoo_|_- 


Admiralty Inlet_____ 
1 Dredged 





BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


276 


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278 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


are unarmed; a narrow slit separates the eaves from the postocular 
teeth which are small, subtriangular, and hollowed within for the 
reception of the eyes. Basal article of antennae long and narrow, 
furnished usually with a tooth or spine at the antero-external angle; 
and more or less exposed in dorsal view beside the rostrum. Merus 
of outer maxilliped notched at inner angle; inner angle of ischium 
strongly advanced. 

Chelipeds stout in old males, slender in females and undeveloped 
males; merus three-sided; fingers sharp-pointed, finely denticulate 
or crenulate and in contact in their terminal half. First pair of 
ambulatory legs much longer than the others; second, third, and 
fourth pairs diminishing successively in length, the last pair very 
short. Legs margined with rows of stiff setae; merus much com- 
pressed and having an acute upper edge; dactyli strongly curved, 
corneous tips long and sharp. 

Not found outside of America, where it is distributed from south- 
ern Massachusetts to St. Thomas, West Indies, from Cape St. Roque, 
Brazil, to northern Patagonia, from Venice, California, to Panama, 
and at the Galapagos Islands. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS PELIA 


A!. Rostrum not long, from one-fourth to two-fifths as long as remainder of 
carapace. Basal article of antenna not more than half exposed in dorsal 
view. 

B'. Carapace elongate, its greatest width about two-thirds its greatest length. 
Outer margins of rostral horns divergent or parallel. 

C!. Basal article of antenna half or nearly half exposed in dorsal view. 
D'. Carapace moderately high on the median line_______- mutica, p. 278. 
D?. Carapace very high on the median line. Rostrum more deflexed, 
carapace wider at hepatic regions than in mutica__rotunda. p. 279. 
C2. Only the extremity bearing the spine or tooth of the basal article of 
antenna exposed in dorsal view_____--_---_-__----- tumida, p. 281. 
B?. Carapace broad, its greatest width about three-fourths its greatest length. 
pacifica, p. 283. 

A’. Rostrum long, nearly half as long as remainder of carapace. Basal article 
of antenna almost wholly exposed in dorsal view. (Bell.) 

pulchella, p. 284. 


Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: mutica (At- 
lantic); tuwmida (Pacific). + 


PELIA MUTICA (Gibbes) 
Plate 98, figs. 2 and 3 


Pisa mutica Gippes, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 3, 1850, p. 171 [7] 
(type-locality, Charleston Harbor, off White Point Battery, 8. C.; type 
not extant). 

Pelia mutica Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 177.— 
SmitH, Rept. U. S. Commr. of Fisheries for 1871 and 1872 (1873), p- 
548 {254]A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 73, pl. 16, 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 279 


figs. 2-2b.— Kineas.ey, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 31, 1879, 
p. 385.—Sumner, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 31 for 1911 (1913), pt. 1, p. 
331 (chart 113); pt. 2, p. 670. 

Diagnosis.—Greatest width of carapace about two-thirds its greatest 
length. Outer margins of rostral horns either diverging anteriorly or 
parallel. 

Description.—Gastric and cardiac regions elevated, the latter 
smoothly rounded. Rostrum nearly two-fifths as long as remainder 
of carapace, a furrow on its basal portion; horns more or less diver- 
gent, their outer margins often parallel. Basal antennal article half 
visible in dorsal view, and usually furnished with a small tooth or 
spine at antero-external angle. 

Chelipeds of well-developed male as long as first ambulatory leg 
but stouter and almost bare. Upper and inner margins of merus 
dentate; a longitudinal denticulate ridge on the 
carpus; upper and lower margins of manus 
slightly arcuate; basal half of fingers widely 
gaping, the sinus of the dactylus being longer 
than that of the fixed finger; the occludent 
margins, as well as the broad basal tooth of 
the dactylus, are denticulate. 

Color.—Bright red in patches on carapace, 
and in bands on legs, spots of lighter red on 
chelipeds. . 

Measurements.—Male (40750), length of cara- 
pace on median line 11.2, to end of horns 13.4, 
width of carapace 8.8 mm, 

Habitat.—On gravelly and shelly bottoms of 
bays and sounds. Fic. 94.—PELIA MUTICA (40750), 

Range.—Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, ee 
Massachusetts, to west coast of Florida; Cuba, Porto Rico, and St. 
Thomas, West Indies. Low water to 2714 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, pages 276-277. 





PELIA ROTUNDA A. Milne Edwards 
Plate 100 


Pelia rotunda A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 74 (type- 
localities, Desterro, Brazil, figured type in Paris Mus., and northern 
Patagonia, cotypes, Cat. No. 1899, M. C. Z.).—Ratusun, Proc. U. S. 
Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 89. 

Pelia rotundata A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, pl. 16, figs. 
4-4g. 

Diagnosis.— Differs little from the preceding. Gastric and cardiac 
regions more swollen, rostrum more deflexed, width of carapace at 
hepatic regions relatively greater; spine at external angle of basal 
antennal article a little longer. Perhaps not specifically distinct from 
P. mutica. 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


280 








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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 281 


Measurements—Male (17321), length of carapace on median line 
15.5, to end of horns 17.7, width of carapace 11.7 mm. 

Range.—From Cape St. Roque, Brazil, to northern Patagonia. 
Depth, 7 to 30 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 280. 


PELIA TUMIDA (Lockington) 
Plate 99, figs. 2 and 3 


Pisoides? tumidus Locx1neTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 
(1877), p. 30 [3] (type-locality, between tides, near San Diego; type not 
extant); p. 67 [5], San Bartolomé Bay and Magdalena Bay. 

Microphrys tenuidus [error for tumidus] (=Pisoides tenuidus) Mimrs, Chal- 
lenger Rept., Zodl., vol. 17, 1886, p. 83. 

Pelia pacifica Ratusun, not A. Milne Edwards, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 16, 1893, p. 90; vol. 21, 1898, p. 573; vol. 38, 1910, p. 572 (part); 
Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 174 (part). 

Pelia, sp., RatuBun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 90. 

Pelia tumida Ratusun, Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 174. 

Pelia clausa RatuBun, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 35, 1907, p. 72 (type- 
locality, “‘Southern California,” really Catalina Harbor, see footnote, p. 
178; holotype, Cat. No. 16203, U. S. N. M.). 

Diagnosis.—Greatest width of carapace about two-thirds its great- 
est length. Outer margins of rostral horns either parallel or diverg- 
ing anteriorly. Frontal region strongly deflexed. Of the basal 
antennal article only the spine or tooth is visible from above. 

Description.—Gastric region much elevated, rounded and often 
furnished with a small tubercle at the anterior summit. Branchial 
regions inflated; cardiac region with a small rounded elevation. 
Rostrum depressed, elongated, varying from one-third in the old 
male to one-fourth the length of the remainder of the carapace, and 
bifurcated for about half its length; horns narrow, divergent, and 
slightly upturned at the tip. The basal antennal article is scarcely 
visible from above except for the spine or tooth at the antero-ex- 
ternal angle. 

Chelipeds not so long as first ambulatory leg, stout in well devel- 
oped males; merus with margins sparingly granulate; hand oblong, 
compressed, inflated, the edges obtuse and subparallel although 
slightly arcuate; fingers gaping at base, neatly fitting together along 
the denticulate distal half of their inner margins; a broad, truncate 
molariform tooth or tubercle on the inner margin of the movable 
finger near the base is an important feature of the gape. In the un- 
developed males (the clausa form) the chelipeds are weak as in the 
adult females, the chelae small, palms tapering distally, the fingers 
meeting except for a very slight gape in the basal third or fourth. 

Color.—Chelipeds speckled with dark brownish as far as the mid- 
dle of the fingers, especially the dorsal aspect; speckles few on wrist. 


282 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Measurements.—Male (50962), length of carapace on median line 
17.4, to end of horns 19.2, width of carapace 13 mm. 

Range.—From Santa Monica Bay, California, to Magdalena Bay, 
Lower California, and Gulf of California, Mexico. Shallow water to 
50 fathoms. ° 

Material examined.— 


CALIFORNIA 


Venice Breakwater; Anton Dohrn; from Venice Marine Biol. Sta.: 
West end under rocks; January 3, 1912; P. S. Barnhart; 1 female 
(50217). February 19, 1913; J. Ross Beck; 1 male, soft shell (50219). 
October 16, 1913; P. S. Barnhart; 1 ovigerous female (50221). Octo- 
ber 29, 1913; P. S. Barnhart; 5 males, 1 female (50218). 1 male 
(45585). - 

Between Venice and San Pedro; June 18, 1913; Anton Dohrn (P. 
S. Barnhart); from Venice Marine Biol. Sta.; 1 male (50311). 

Point Vincente; from rocks; February, 1918; H. N. Lowe; 2 males 
(51123), nearly of a size, one having well developed chelipeds, the 
other feeble ones. 

Reef Point; July 6, 1917; E. P. Chace; 1 ovigerous female (53985). 

San Pedro: H. N. Lowe; 1 male (32971). Vicinity of: E. P. 
Chace; 1 male (50962). 

Long Beach; H. N. Lowe; 6 males, 1 female (46777). 

Laguna Beach; W. A. Hilton: 1 male (48908). 1 male (48984), 
returned to sender. 1 male, 1 ovigerous female (50596). 

Santa Catalina Island: Isthmus Harbor; Anton Dohrn; from Venice 
Marine Biol. Sta.; 2 males, 2 females (50005). Catalina Harbor; 
W. H. Dall: Beach; 18 specimens (16203); 1 male is holotype of 
P. clausa. Depth, 30 to 40 fathoms; 1 male (16204). Avalon Bay; 
October 22, 1910; Anton Dohrn (P. S. Barnhart); from Venice 
Marine Biol. Sta.; 1 young female (50220). Off Catalina Island; 50 
fathoms; H. N. Lowe; 1 male (29957). 

San Clemente Island; H. N. Lowe: 1 male (29956). 

La Jolla: March 6, 1898; Albatross; 1 female (21770). Rocks 
above Scripps Institution, January 29, 1915; 2 9 (Scripps Inst.). 

San Diego: 10 fathoms; Henry Hemphill; 1 female (6385). C. R. 
Orcutt; 6 specimens (16206). Rosa Smith, 1 female (16998). U.S. 
C. S. S. Hassler; 1 male (2046, M. C. Z.). 

San Diego County; C. R. Orcutt; 1 male (16205). 

Exact locality not given; Anton Dohrn; from Venice Marine Biol. 
Sta.; 1 female (50312). 

MEXICO 


Gulf of California, near upper end; lat. 31° 22’ 00’’ N.; long. 114° 


07’ 45’’ W.; 17 fathoms; G. brk. Sh.; temp. 65.2° F.; March 25, 
1889; station 3026, Albatross; 1 ovigerous female (16349). 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 283 


West of Magdalena Bay; lat. 24° 58’15’’ N.; long. 115° 53’ 00’ 
W.; 36 fathoms; Coralline; temp. 64.3° F.; March 2, 1889; station 
2989, Albatross; 1 male (16348), with abnormal rostrum. 

Magdalena Bay, Lower California: 1917; C. R. Orcutt; 1 female, 
with Rhizocephalid parasite (50639). Lat. 24° 32’ 00’’ N.; long. 
111° 59’ 00’’ W.; 12 fathoms; fne. gy. S.; May 2, 1888; station 2831, 
Albatross; 1 male (21913). 


PELIA PACIFICA A. Milne Edwards 
Plate 98, fig. 1; plate 99, fig. 1 
Pelia pacifica A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 73, pl. 16, 
figs. 3-3c (type-locality, Bay of Panama; type in Paris Mus.).—-Ratu- 
BUN, Harriman Alaska Exped., vol. 10, 1904, p. 174 (part); Mem. Mus. 
Comp. Zoél., vol. 35, 1907, p. 72 (part); Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 
1910, p. 572 (part); not vol. 16, 1893, p. 90, nor vol. 21, 1898, p. 573. 

Diagnosis.—Greatest width of carapace about three-fourths its 
greatest length. Outer margins of rostral horns converging ante- 
riorly. Fingers of mature male unusually narrow, gape corre- 
spondingly wide. Frontal region moderately deflexed. 

Description.—Carapace shorter and more triangular than in any 
of the preceding species, the rostrum being much shorter, not more 
than one-fourth, in the old male, as long as remainder of carapace, its 
outer margins converging anteriorly, thus carrying out the triangular 
form of the carapace. Very little of the basal antennal article is 
visible from above; its outer angle is tipped with a spine. 

The chelipeds in the well-developed male are stouter than in the 
preceding species, and about as long as the first pair of ambulatory 
legs; palm wider, varying from 0.72 (in the smaller specimen) to 0.81 
(in the old) of its superior length; a little narrowed distally and 
slightly constricted near the fixed finger; fingers widely gaping for 
half or (in the old) two-thirds of their length, slender, the basal tooth 
of the dactylus comparatively insignificant, the fixed finger arched 
very markedly downward in the basal half, thus increasing the gape. 

Measurements.—Male (46077), length of carapace on median line 
10.5, to end of horns 12.2, width of carapace 9.2 mm. 

Range.—From Manzanillo, Mexico, to Panama. 

Material examined.— 

Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico; on drifted pile; July 17, 1913; 
C. R. Orcutt; 1 male, 1 female (46077). 

Perico Island, Panama; October 26, 1904; Albatross; 1 male, 1 
female (33393), 1 female (M. C. Z.). 

Panama; May, 1869; Dr. Sternberg; 1 male (2043, M. C. Z.). 


284 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PELIA PULCHELLA Bell 


Plate 241, figs. 1-4 
Pelia pulchella Brix, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 170 
(type-locality, Galapagos Islands; type not extant); Trans. Zool. Soc. 
London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 45, pl. 9, figs. 2, 2d-2f. 

Diagnosis.—Rostrum long, nearly half as long as remainder of 
carapace. Basal article of antennae almost wholly exposed in 
dorsal view. 

Description (after Bell).—Carapace pyriform, gibbous, rounded, 
polished, somewhat hairy; regions elevated, the cardiac region form- 
ing a rounded tubercle. Rostrum straight, nearly half as long as 
remainder of carapace, bifid at extremity, with a slight groove con- 
tinued backward from the bifurcation, Basal article of antennae 
almost wholly exposed above, slightly tapering toward its extremity 
where there is a small external tooth; flagellum extending a little 
beyond apex of rostrum. 

Chelipeds longer than body; arm with a toothed carina above and 
two carinae beneath, the outer of which is minutely serrated; hands 
slightly compressed, smooth; fingers, when closed, in contact through- 
out their whole length, the half toward the apex being serrated, and a 
tubercle of the immovable finger fitting into a corresponding excava- 
tion in the movable one. Ambulatory legs compressed, carinated 
and hairy above. 

Measurements.—Male holotype, length 4 lines (10.16 mm.), width 
21% lines (6.35 mm.). 

Locality—Known only from the unique type taken at the Gala- 
pagos Islands, 6 fathoms, sandy mud. 


Genus PISOIDES Milne Edwards and Lucas 


Pisoides Minne Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. l’Amér. Mérid., 
vol. 6, pt. 1, 18438, p. 10; type, P. tuberculosus Milne Edwards and 
Lucas.— Dana, U. 8S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 79. 


Carapace much longer than wide, trianguliform, slightly swollen. 
Gastric and cardiac regions very apparent and separated from each 
other and from the branchial regions by rather deep furrows. Kos- 
trum directed a little obliquely downward and armed with two 
very long and moderately divergent spines. Eyes imperfectly re- 
tractile, peduncle short, constricted at middle, its base filling the 
orbital cavity. This last has a cut on its upper margin, but is devoid 
of a tooth above its inner angle; below, the cavity is incomplete but 
there is a small spine near the base of the antenna and a large and 
very sharp tooth at the outer orbital angle. Basal article of antenna 
a little longer than wide, and having at its antero-external angle a 
small tubercle which is advanced between the next or movable 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 285 


article and the orbit; this article 16 much longer than the preceding, 
wide, and very depressed; next article shorter, reaching about to end 
of rostrum, or even surpassing it. Antennules and mouth parts as 
in Pisa. Epistome almost linear. Sternal plastron as long as wide. 

Chelipeds short, rather stout; fingers slender, elongate, slightly 
curved and finely denticulate on the inner border. Legs diminishing 
progressively in length, the first being longer than the cheliped; 
merus and carpus very wide and compressed, propodus cylindrical, 
dactylus short, very crescentic, unarmed below. Abdomen 7- 
segmented in both sexes. (After Milne Edwards and Lucas.) 

Known only on the Pacific coast of South America from Panama 
to the Straits of Magellan, including the Galapagos Islands. 


PISOIDES EDWARDSII (Bell) 


Plate 236 


Hyas edwardsii Bru, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 171 
(type-localities, Valparaiso and Galapagos Islands; types not extant) ; 
Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 49, pl. 9, fig. 5. 

Pisoides tuberculosus MinngE Epwarps and Lucas, d’Orbigny’s Voy. 
lV Amér. Mérid., vol. 6, pt. 1, 1848, p. 11; vol. 9, atlas, 1847, pl. 5, figs. 1-1d 
(type-locality, les cétes du Chili; type in Paris Mus., cotype in Mus. Phila. 
Acad. Nat. Sci.).—Nuicouet, in Gay, Hist. Chile, Zool., vol. 3, 1849, p. 
134.—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 75, pl. 16, figs. 
5-5b.—LeEwz, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. 5, vol. 2, 1902, p. 757—RatuBun, Proe. 
U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, pp. 572 and 616. 

Pisoides edwardsii Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, 
p. 87; atlas, 1855, pl. 1, figs. 2a and 2b6.— Mrrrs, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 
1881, p. 63.—RatuBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, pp. 572 and 
613. 

Pisoides edwardsi Mirrs, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 66. 


Diagnosis.—No preocular spine; postocular spine large, sharp. 
Basal antennal article nearly as broad as long, and with a prominent. 
tubercle at its antero-external angle. Rostral horns flat. 

Description.—Carapace and ambulatory legs covered with a short, 
dense velvet in the midst of which are some elongate hairs recurved 
at the end. Carapace dotted beneath with small round pits which 
serve for the insertion of the hairs. Branchial, gastric and genital 
regions ornamented with prominent tubercles. Anterior margin of 
merus of chelipeds armed at the extremity with astrong spine. Merus 
of first ambulatory leg strongly compressed, its upper margin cristate; 
merus of remaining legs wide, flat and rounded above; on the outer 
margin of the merus a very pronounced spine especially in the first 
pair. Carpus short, wide; propodus elongate, cylindrical. Abdo- 
men of both sexes entirely smooth. (Milne Edwards and Lucas.) 

Branchial regions tumid, bearing two or three small, faint tubercles. 
The cardiac region is a broad prominence with rounded surface, and 


286 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


either side posteriorly there is a small tubercle. Gastric region promi- 
nent with a low posterior tubercle and another oblong anterior one 
equally distinct. Intestinal region with a small tubercle. All the 
tubercles are mostly concealed by the villosity of the surface, so as 
not to be seen unless it is removed. (Dana.) 

Rostrum flat, horns evenly and slightly divergent and setigerous 
within. Basal article of antenna subquadrate, outer angle projecting ; 
next article twice as long as the second movable one, both flat and 
ciliate on the outer side, the last one ciliate on both margins; antero- 
external angle of basal article set with minute spinules or hairs; also 
a prominence at posterior angle is raggedly but minutely denticulate. 
Outer maxillipeds pubescent. A fringe of rather short hairs on oppo- 
site (upper and lower) margins of legs. (Dana.) 

Color.—Carapace and chelipeds yellow tinged with red (M. Ed- 
wards and Lucas). Reddish brown; hair brown; hands red (Bell). 
Chelae bright rose (Miers). 

Measurements.—The largest specimen recorded was measured by 
Dana: Male, Valparaiso, length 16 lines (834 mm.), width 12 lines 
(25.4 mm.), length of rostrum 4 lines (8.5mm.). Sex not given, Chili, 
length 23 mm., width 16.5 mm. (M. Edwards and Lucas). Adult 
male, Galapagos, length 6 lines (12.7 mm.), width 4 lines (8.5 mm.) 
(Bell). Immature male, Valparaiso, length 9 lines (19.1 mm.), width 
7 lines (14.9 mm.) (Bell). 

Range.—Panama to Straits of Magellan; Galapagos Islands. 

Localities recorded.— 

Panama (A. Milne Edwards). Galapagos Islands (Bell, A. Milne 
Edwards). Chile (H. Milne Edwards and Lucas, A. Milne Edwards). 
Iquique (Lenz). Valparaiso (Bell, Nicolet, Dana). Bay of Guajacan 
(Lenz). Tumbes (Lenz). Talcahuano, in seaweed (Lenz). Calbuco 
(Lenz). Trinidad Channel, 30 fathoms, sandy (Miers). Port Rosario, 
2 to 30 fathoms, sand and rock (Miers). 

Material examined.— 

Chile; Guérin collection, No. 16; T. B. Wilson, donor; 1 male, 
“type” of Pisoides tuberculosus (Mus. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.); 
‘“rarissima.”’ This may be one of the original type specimens; it is 
larger than the specimen measured by Milne Edwards and Lucas, 
being 30 mm. in total length and 14.6 mm. in width. About three 
obscure gastric tubercles form a median ridge, and the same number 
are in a longitudinal row on the middle of the branchial region. 
Rostral horns acuminate, being narrow spines; outer edges almost 
parallel to each other. No preorbital spine; postorbital spine directed 
obliquely upward and forward, but not outward. Basal antennal 
article not visible in the dried specimen; first movable article lami- 
nate, appearing half as wide as rostrum. Fingers narrowly gaping in 
basal third. 7 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 287 


Genus NOTOLOPAS Stimpson 


Notolopas Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871, p. 96; 
type, N. lamellatus Stimpson.—Mrsrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 
1886, p. 64. 

Carapace subpyriform, moderately convex, and rounded posteri- 
orly; posterior margin more or less distinctly carinated, dorsal sur- 
face bearing a few spines. Rostrum well developed, entire at base, 
then bifurcating, horns divergent. Supraocular eave well developed, 
furnished anteriorly with a small spine or tooth; a small tooth be- 
tween the eave and the postocular cup, which is hollowed for the eye; 
inferior sinus broad. Basal article of antenna broad, a spine or tooth 
at antero-external angle and a lobe or tooth on outer margin; follow- 
ing articles slender, not concealed by rostrum. Anterior margin of 
merus of outer maxilliped truncate, inner angle variably emarginate. 

Chelipeds of adult male stouter than legs, palm slightly compressed, 
fingers gaping at base, Ambulatory legs very slender, subcylindrical, 
first pair considerably longer than the second, last three pairs dimin- 
ishing regularly in length; dactyli curved and nearly as long as the 
propodi. 

Inhabits both coasts of middle America, from North Carolina to 
Bahia, Brazil, and from Manzanillo, Mexico, to Panama. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS NOTOLOPAS 
A', A sharp, lamellate carina across posterior end of carapace. Basal antennal 
article wide, having a broad shallow lobe on outer margin. 
lamellatus, p. 287. 
A, No sharp carina across posterior end of carapace. Basal antennal article 
of moderate width, having a tooth or small lobe on outer margin. 
brasiliensis, p. 288. 


Species on both sides of the continent: /amellatus. 


NOTOLOPAS LAMELLATUS Stimpson 
Plates 81 and 238, fig. 1 


Notolopas lamellatus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871, 
p. 97 (type-localities, Panama and Manzanillo; types not extant).— 
Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, pp. 64 and 65, pl. 8, fig. le. 

Diagnosis.—A sharp, lamellate carina around carapace above pos- 
terior margin. A broad, shallow (little projecting) lobe on outer 
margin of basa! antennal article. Antero-internal outline of merus of 
maxilliped oblique, slightly notched. 

Description.—Posterior half of dorsum flattened, enclosed by a ridge 
which posteriorly becomes a broad concave lamella projecting over 
the posterior margin; four equidistant spines on this margin, two 
median, the gastric spine at the highest point of the carapace, the 
other two branchial, above the widest part of the carapace. Cardiac 
region a rounded nodule. Two small protogastric spines. Rostrum 


288 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


bifurcate for half its length, horns tapering, acute, widely divergent. 
A short but well marked supraocular spine. Basal antennal article 
much widened, especially posteriorly where it forms a strong lobe on 
the margin; tooth at antero-external angle a little more advanced 
than that at antero-internal angle. A small lobe 
behind outer margin of basal article and in trans- 
verse line with antennal glands. Antero-internal 
outline of merus of maxilliped oblique, slightly 
notched. Chelipeds of largest male examined, 
which may not have reached its full development, 
just as long as next leg, palm slightly narrowed dis- 
tally, gape of fingers slight. Abdomen of male 
widened a little at end of sixth segment. 
Measurements.—Male (48805), length of carapace 
y” on median line to posterior spine 17.3, length to tip. 
of horn 20.2, width of carapace exclusive of spines. 
é 10.6 mm. Largest specimen, a female (48799), 

Fic. 95.—N OTOLOPAS : . : 

Lametatus, Femate length of carapace on median line to posterior 

(48799), MAXILLIPED, spine 20.7, length to tip of horn 25, width of 

en carapace exclusive of spines 14 mm. 

Range.—From Manzanillo, Mexico, to Panama. Off Beaufort, 
North Carolina. 

Material examvned.— 

Corinto, Nicaragua; J. A. McNiel; 1 female (4791, M. C. Z.). 

Carbon Island, Corinto, Nicaragua; J. A. McNiel; 1 immature 
female (4792, M. C. Z.). 

Puntarenas, Costa Rica; P. Biolley, collector; gift of J. F. Tristan; 
4 males, 1 female, all small (49087). 

Taboga Island, Panama; June, 1914; J. Zetek; 1 male (48805). 

Panama City; Oct. 5, 1914; J. Zetek; 1 ovigerous female (48799). 

Panama; Hassler Exped.; 2 males, 2 females (1 with Sacculina) 
(2042, M. C. Z.). 

Off Beaufort, North Carolina; Fish Hawk; 1 ovigerous female 
(52758). 





NOTOLOPAS BRASILIENSIS Miers 


Plate 237; plate 238, figs. 2-4 
Notolopas brasiliensis Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 64, 
pl. 8, figs. 1-1b (type-locality, Bahia, 7 to 20 fathoms; type in Brit. 
Mus.). 
eek caribbaeus RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, 
p. 85, pl. 6, fig. 2 (type-locality, Sabanilla, Colombia; holotype, Cat. 
No. 16315, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—The carina around the posterior end of the carapace 
above the margin is low, blunt and ill-defined. A tooth or small, 
pointed lobe on outer margin of basal antennal article. Antero- 
internal emargination of merus of maxilliped almost a right angle. 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 289 


Description.—Differs from N. lamellatus in having the large, pos- 
terior, dorsal area of the carapace but feebly defined by a low, blunt 
ridge; the spines are similarly placed. The protogastric tubercles 
-are low. Rostrum bifurcate for more than half its length, varying 
from three-fourths in the holotype of caribbaeus to three-fifths in . 
the paratype; horns variably divergent, slightly so in the figured 
specimen (pl. 237), more so (about 40°) in the smaller male from 
Sabanilla, 45° in Miers’s type. Tooth on supraocular eave insig- 
nificant, more so in large specimens than in Miers’s type as figured. 
Basal antennal article narrower than in lamellatus, bearing on its 
outer margin a tooth which is less prominent with age; tooth at 
antero-external angle less advanced than that at antero-internal 
angle. A tubercle instead of a compressed lobe behind outer margin 
of basal article and in transverse line with antennal glands. Antero- 
internal notch of merus of maxilliped well made, 
subrectangular. Chelipeds of well-developed 
male not quite so long as next leg, palm gradu- 
ally widened distally; fingers about one-third as 
long as palm, gaping in proximal half, a tooth on, 
the dactylus in the gape. Sixth segment of ab- 
domen of male with arcuate lateral margins. 

Measurements.—Male (16315), holotype of car- 
ibbaeus, length of carapace on median line to tip 
of posterior spine 16, length of carapace to tip 
of horn 23.4, width of carapace 10.5 mm. 

Range.—Colombia to Bahia, Brazil. To a ye. 96—Nororopas BRA 
depth of 20 fathoms. SILIENSIS, MALE (16315), 

Material examined.— tir: hi ee 

Sabanilla, Colombia; 1884; Albatross; 2 males, holotype and para- 
type of Hyastenus caribbaeus (16315). 

State of Parahyba, Brazil; Mus. Paulista (H. von Ihering); 1 
male, No. 936 (returned to sender). - 





Genus NIBILIA A. Milne Edwards 


Nibilia A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 132; type, NV. erinacea 
A. Milne Edwards=antilocapra (Stimpson). 


Carapace pyriform, much swollen, longer than wide. Rostrum 
bifurcate, horns moderately divergent. Preorbital angle prolonged 
in aspine. Orbit complete below; orbital border armed with a spine 
or tooth between the supraocular eave and the postocular cup; a 
closed fissure between the suborbital border and the basal segment 
of the antenna. This segment is elongate and bears a strong spine 
on its outer margin and at its anterior angle; the next article which 
is cylindrical is inserted beside the rostrum. The merus of the 


290 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


outer maxillipeds has a transverse distal margin, its outer angle is 
strongly produced sideways, its inner angle is deeply notched. 

In the full grown male the chelipeds are longer and stouter than 
the legs; chela almost cylindrical; fingers in contact in the distal 
half, not hollowed at tips. 

Contains only one species. 


NIBILIA ANTILOCAPRA (Stimpson) 
Plates 102, 103 and 239 


Herbstia . . . ScoraMM, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, 
1867, p. 17, pl. 7, fig. 23. | 

Pisa antilocapra Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 2, 1871, p. 110 
(type-localities, off Carysfort Reef, 52 and 60 fathoms; off Alligator 
Reef, 118 fathoms; types not extant).—A. Minne Epwarps and BovuvisEr, 
Mem. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 47, 1923, pl. 11, figs. 4 and 5; pl. 12, fig. 3, 
text-fig. 19. 

Pisa praelonga Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 2, 1871, p. 111 
(type-localities, off Alligator Reef, 118 fathoms; off Tennessee Reef, 124 
fathoms; types not extant) —A. Miune Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. 
Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 47, 1923, p. 384, pl. 11, figs. 6 and 7; pl. 12, fig. 4. 

Nibilia erinacea A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 133, pl. 25 
(type-locality, ‘‘Guadeloupe, dans le Canal de Saintes et 4 Marie-Galante, 
sur la céte de Capesterre;”’ from fish-traps set in rather deep water; 
type in Paris Mus.). 

Diagnosis.—Rostrum deeply bifurcate; carapace multispinous; 
orbit with a spine or tooth between preocular eave and postocular 
cup. 

Description.—Carapace very spinous. Rostrum horizontal, un- 
divided at base, but bifurcate for the greater part of its length, the 

horns varying from three-fifths to four-fifths of 
_the total length of rostrum. Preorbital spine 
ascending, slightly curved, not as advanced as 
the base of the horns; behind it a small spine 
on the supraocular eave; a triangular spine or 
tooth on the supraorbital border; postocular 
cup terminating in a spine. A short spine just 
outside the posterior end of the basal antennal 
article, and behind this a tubercle, both in line 
with a prominent spine at the angle of the buc- 
cal cavity. Carapace bristling with unequal 
spines; on the gastric region about 18 of fair 
size with some smaller ones interspersed; one 
Fic. 97.—Nismia antitocar- of the strongest occupies the summit of the gas- 
RA (14091), MAXILLIPED, X A : = : 
3.6 tric region and is the center of a circle of smal- 
ler spines. The same arrangement is seen on 
the cardiac region. Certain of the hepatic and branchial spines are 
very long; one marginal hepatic spine is the longest spine behind the 
orbits; 4 long spines form a transverse diamond on the intestinal 
region; a regular series of spines runs above the posterolateral mar- 











ee 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 291 


gin of the carapace. Pterygostomian region armed with 2 rows of 
spines. Maxillipeds and sternum smooth. ‘Three spines on each of 
first three abdominal segments of male. 

Manus nearly as long as merus, nearly smooth, a few spines near 
articulation with carpus; merus and carpus rough with spines above 
and below. In the old male (see Schramm’s pl. 7), the fingers gape 
for half their length, and there is a small but well defined molari- 
form tooth on the dactylus within the gape. 

Ambulatory legs long and slender; a few spines longitudinally 
arranged on merus and carpus; dactylus long, stout, unarmed and 
short-haired. 

The young and half-grown are covered with very short hair, while 
the old are nearly bare except for the ambulatory dactyh. 

Measurements—The largest male noted is that described by 
Schramm: length of carapace including rostrum 120 mm., greatest 
width 82, length of rostrum 22, of horns 18, of chelipeds 220, of 
chelae 110, of movable finger 38, of first ambulatory 190 mm. 
Length of youngest specimen, female (9688), 20.5, width 9.4, length 
of horns 6.4 mm. 

Range.—From off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Gulf of 
Mexico and Windward Islands. Depth, 52 to 140 fathoms. 

Material examined.—Offt Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; Alba- 
tross: Lat. 35° 11’ 30’’ N.; long. 75° 05’ 00’’ W.; 59 fathoms; crs. 
S. bk. Sp.; temp. 75° F.; October 21, 1884; station 2301; 1 male, 1 
female (7256). Lat. 35° 08’ 00’’ N.; long. 75° 05’ 30’’ W.; 63 
fathoms; gy. S. brk. Sh.; October 17, 1885; station 2595; 1 male, 1 
female (14091). 

Gulf of Mexico: East of Delta of Mississippi River; lat. 29° 15’ 
00’’ N.; long. 88° 06’ 00’ W.; 60 fathoms; bu. M.; temp. 61. 8° F.; 
Mar. 4, 1885; station 2386, Albatross; 1 young female (9688). 

Windward Islands; 1879; U. S. C.S. S. Blake: 

Off St. Vincent: Lat. 13° 07’ 55’’ N.; long. 61° 05’ 36’’ W.; 124 
fathoms; Co.; temp. 57.5° F.; March 3; station 269; 1 female (2865, 
M. C. Z.). Lat. 13° 06’ 45’’ N.; long. 61° 06’ 55’’ W.; 87 fathoms; 
Co.; temp. 62° F.; February 21; station 232; 1 ovigerous female 
(2869, M. C. Z.). 

Off Barbados: Lat. 13° 05’ 00’’ N.; long. 59° 39’ 40’’ W.; 140 
fathoms; Co. brk. Sh.; temp. 56.5° F.; March 10; station 299; 1 
ovigerous female (2864, M. C. Z.); 2 males, 2 ovigerous females 
(2866, M. C. Z.). Lat. 13° 02’ 36’ N.; long. 59° 37’ 45” W.; 123 
fathoms; R.; temp. 56.5° F.; March 10; station 297; 1 male (2867, 
M. C. Z.). 

Remarks.—Pisa antilocapra appears to have been founded on a 
young specimen of this species, while the type of P. praelonga was a 
much smaller (scarcely 10 mm. long) and consequently narrower 
specimen. 


292 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Genus LEPTECES Rathbun 


Lepteces RATHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 83; type, L. 
ornatus Rathbun. 

Carapace subpyriform or triangulate, slightly convex, tuberculate; 
preocular spine present. Rostral spines divergent. Orbit with two 
hiatuses above and one below. Antennae with a spine at antero- 
external angle of basal segment, movable portion visible in dorsal 
view at sides of rostrum. Outer maxilliped with antero-external 
angle strongly produced and rounded, inner angle notched. Chelipeds 
more slender than ambulatory legs; manus more slender than merus; 
fingers very short, meeting when closed. Ambulatory legs spinous, 
diminishing rapidly in length from first to fourth leg. 

Contains only one species. 


LEPTECES ORNATUS Rathbun 
Plate 244, fig. 2 


Lepteces ornatus RaruHsBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1898, p. 84, 
pl. 6, fig. 1 (type-locality, off Arrowsmith Bank, Yucatan; holotype, Cat. 
No. 9546, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—Chelipeds filiform. Flat-topped mushroom tubercles 
form a regular pattern on carapace. A lobe 
between supraocular eave and exorbital tooth. 

Description.—Entire surface except chelae 
granulate. Carapace ornamented with  tu- 
bercles of two kinds; first and most conspicu- 
ous, raised mushroom-like tubercles, each sur- 
mounted by a flat, circular, granulate disk. 
Tubercles of this sort with disks overlapping 
surround cardiac region and outline inner 
margin of branchial region; one on posterior 
edge of gastric region, four follow postero- 
lateral margin, two arranged transversely on 
Fic. 98.—Lepteces ornatus the intestinal region, while a line of four runs 

(9546), MaxiLuireD, X18 — glmost transversely across each hepatic region 
and onto the gastric; many additional smaller tubercles of this sort. 
The second variety of tubercle is smaller but higher, more like a 
cylindrical spine, granulate and surmounted by a few long hairs; 
four such tubercles on gastric region, two being median, six on bran- 
chial region, two or three on cardiac region, three on posterior 
margin. Entire surface between and beneath the tubercles is crowded 
with stellar granules, varying in size. 

Rostral spines regularly tapering, divergent, with long hairs 
especially on inner margins. Preocular spine strongly curved up- 
ward (concave above), at an angle of about 45 degrees with rostrum, 
acute, a few long hairs at tip. 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 293 


Basal segment of antenna with outer margin convex, a stout spine 
at antero-lateral angle, directed forward; flagellum surpassing ros- 
trum. Epistome sharply recessed at middle. 

Chelipeds weak in both sexes, much shorter than next leg; merus 
cylindrical, very rough; carpus granulate; palms smooth, tapering to 
the fingers, which are one-fifth as long as upper margin of palm. 
Ambulatory legs stout, somewhat angled, armed with two longi- 
tudinal rows of spines and rough with two sorts of tubercles; dactyls 
finely roughened, tips horny. 

Measurements.—Male holotype, length of carapace 17, width 9 mm. 

Range.—Known only from the type-specimens, off Arrowsmith 
Bank, Yucatan; lat. 20° 59’ 30’’ N.; long. 86° 23’ 45’’ W.; 130 
fathoms; Co.; January 22, 1885; station 2354, Albatross; 2 males, 
6 females (9546). 


Genus HERBSTIA Milne Edwards 


Herbstia Minne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 301; type, 
H. condyliata (Fabricius). Name not invalidated by Herbstiuwm Leach, 
1823. 

Rhodia BELL, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835, p. 169; type, R. pyriformis 
Bell. 

Herbstiella Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 10, 1871, p. 93; type, 
H. depressa Stimpson. 

Fisheria Lock1neTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 72 
[10]; type, F. depressa Lockington = Herbstia camptacantha (Stimpson), not 
H., depressa (Stimpson). 


Carapace broadly triangular or subpyriform, tuberculated or 
spinose. Rostrum short, horns acute, vertically compressed and 
dilated at base. Orbits complete, shallow, with or without a pre- 
orbital spine. Eyes short, not entirely concealed when retracted. 
Basal antennal article moderately dilated and armed with an antero- 
external spine, the distal portion not entirely covered by the rostrum. 
Merus of maxillipeds distally truncated and not produced at outer 
angle. Ambulatory legs rather slender, subcylindrical and of mod- 
erate length; dactyls nearly straight, acute. 

East and west coasts of tropical America; Mediterranean and south- 
ward along the west coast of Africa. 


KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS HERBSTIA 


Al, Merus of ambulatory legs armed with spines. 
B!, Two teeth on outer margin of basal antennal article behind antero-external 
tooth or spine. 
C!, First movable article of antenna falling considerably short of tip of 
rostrum; postocular tooth small, directed forward. 
camptacantha, p. 294. 
C2. First movable article of antenna nearly as advanced as tip of rostrum; 
postocular tooth large, directed obliquely outward_--depressa, p. 298. 
B2, One tooth on outer margin of basal antennal article behind antero-external 
tooth or spine. 


294 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


C!, First movable article of antenna not reaching so far forward as tip of 
rostrum. 

D'. Palms armed with spines or tubercles above at proximal end. One 
tooth on movable finger of male in the gape. Supraorbital margin 
with two teeth between preocular and postocular teeth. 

parvifrons, p. 296. 

D?. Palms smooth, unarmed. ‘Two teeth on movable finger in the gape. 
Supraorbital margin with only one tooth between preocular and 
postocular teeth: a2. fie: So ee Soe on sete edwardsii, p. 300, 

C2. First movable article of antenna overreaching rostrum_-__tumida, p. 299. 
A2. Merus of ambulatory legs unarmed. 
B'. Lateral margin of carapace armed with four teeth or spines. Palm with a 


single spines ia ee ee BOS. ee pyriformis, p. 301. 
B?, Lateral margin armed with smaller, more numerous teeth or spines. Ros- 
trum, shorter: Palm-unarmed): 25.22 =--ce_ le ase pubescens, p. 302. 


Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: depressda 
(Atlantic) ; tumida (Pacific). 
HERBSTIA CAMPTACANTHA (Stimpson) 
Plate 105, figs. 1 and 2; plate 240, figs. 9-13 


Herbstia parvifrons Stimpson (not Randall), Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 
vol. 7, 1860, p. 185. 

Herbstiella camptacantha Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 10, 
1871, p. 94 (type-localities, Cape St. Lucas and Acapulco; cotype, male, 
from Acapulco, Cat. No. 991, M. C. Z.). 

Fisheria depressa LocKxineton (fide Holmes), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 
vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 72 [10] (type-localities, Port Escondido and San 
José Island, both in Gulf of California; types destroyed in the San Fran- 
cisco fire, 1906). 

Mithrax armatus? Locx1neTon (not Saussure), Proc. California Acad. Sci., 
vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 70 [8]. 

Herbstia camptacantha A. Mittngé Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 78, 
pl. 18, figs. 3-3e. 

Herbstia (Herbstiella) camptacantha Mirrs, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 
14, 1879, p. 655; Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 49.—Ho.tmgs, 
Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 37 (part). 


Diagnosis.—Palm unarmed. Three spines on outer margin of 
basal antennal article, including that at anterior angle; first movable 
article falling considerable short of tip of rostrum. 

Description.—Carapace slightly convex, surface regularly and con- 
spicuously punctate; cervical suture deep and well marked, sulci 
separating branchial from cardiac region very shallow, no sulcus be- 
tween branchial and intestinal region, which is rather flattened. 
Twenty small tubercles on carapace not including marginal spines: 
Five tubercles on gastric region, of which four are in a transverse 
line, the two on either side of middle approximated; three on cardiac 
region, two on intestinal region, five on each branchial region. On 
the margin, 14 spines on each side behind orbit, 5 antero-lateral, 
9 postero-lateral; posterior spines very small, blunt or tuberculiform, 
anterior ones larger. A similar spine and two smaller ones on sub- 























THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 295 


hepatic region; oblique ridge separating pterygostomian from sub- 
hepatic region armed with five spines, the anterior three small and 
toothlike. Horns rather large and divergent, forming more than 
half length of rostrum, their tips as well as those of the antennal 
spines bent inward. All of the spines are much more acute in young 
specimens than in adults. 

Chelipeds long, merus armed with numerous (about 13) blunt 
spines on outer side; carpus tuberculated above; hand large, com- 
pressed, perfectly smooth and unarmed above and below; fingers less 
than half as long as palm, and gaping; the dactylus bears a strong 
truncated tooth at middle. Merus of ambulatory legs armed with 
7 to 10 spines along the upper edge, and two or three below near the 
extremity; carpus slightly tuberculated, propodus unarmed. 

Adult males entirely naked, young and females frequently pubes- 
cent. (After Stimpson.) 

The supraorbital border bears two small teeth, of which the outer 
is the larger. Basal antennal article armed with three spines on 
the orbital border, counting the antero-external spine. Carpus of 
cheliped smooth. (A. Milne Edwards.) 

Notes on cotype from Acapulco.—The specimen is now in poor con- 
dition. Of the five antero-lateral marginal spines, the single hepatic 
spine is the largest. The nine postero-lateral spines or spinules are 
very small. Of the dorsal branchial spines three form an are parallel 
to the outer margin and are stouter and more conical than any other 
branchial spines. The penult segment of the male abdomen is widest 
near its distal end. 

Color.—A light flesh tint (Lockington, as armatus). In spirits 
bright red, manus, under sides of legs and buccal apparatus especially 
bright (Lockington, as depressa). 

Measurements.—Length of carapace of adult male, type, 17.1 mm. 
(.675 inch), width 14.4 mm. (.57 inch) (Stimpson). Female, Mazat- 
lan, length of carapace 32 mm., width 30 mm. (Lockington, as 
Mithrazx armatus?). 

Range.—Cape St. Lucas to Acapulco, Mexico (Stimpson). Maz- 
atlan (Lockington, as armatus). Port Escondido and San José Is- 
land, Gulf of California (Lockington, as depressa). Patos Island, in 
upper half of Gulf. 

Holmes*’ extends the range of this smooth-handed species into 
California; but all the Californian specimens examined by the writer 
7.5 mm. long and over show spines or spinules on the proximal 
upper margin of the palm and should be referred to the following 
species. 

Material examined.—Acapulco, Mexico; A. Agassiz, collector; one 
male (991, M. C. Z.); labeled by Stimpson “ Herbstia parvifrons,”’ 





37 Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 37. 


996 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


and is apparently that type-specimen of H. camptacantha which was 
measured by Stimpson, as given above. 

Patos Island, anchorage; 4.5 fathoms; May 23, 1921; Fred Baker, 
California Academy Expedition; one young female (California Acad.), 
damaged, and having a soft, hairy shell. It belongs, however, to 
the group having the antennal spine long and the rostral spines long, 
regularly tapering and divergent. The legs are transversely banded 
with an orange color when preserved; the propodal articles are longer 
and slenderer than in the young of parvifrons Randall. 


HERBSTIA PARVIFRONS (Randall) 
Plate 106 


Herbstia parvifrons RANDALL, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 8, 
1839, p. 107 (type-locality, western America; holotype in Mus. Phila. 
Acad. Nat. Sci.)—Howumes, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 
1900, p. 38, and synonymy. 

Rhodia parvifrons Rarupun, Amer. Nat., vol. 34, 1900, p. 511; not syn- 
onymy.—WeymouvtTH, Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. Publ., Univ. Ser. No. 4, 
1910, p. 34, pl. 7, fig. 18; not all synonymy. 

Herbstia (Herbstiella) camptacantha Houmes, Occas. Papers California 
Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1900, p. 37 (part)—Ratusun (not Stimpson), Proc. 
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 79 (part). 

Diagnosis—Palm armed with spines or spinules at the proximal 
end of its upper margin. Two spines on outer margin of basal 
antennal article, including 
that at anterior angle; first 
movable article falling short 
of tip of rostrum. 

Description.—The descrip- 
-tion given by Stimpson for 
Herbstiella camptacantha ap- 
plies very well to the Cali- 
fornian species here called 
parvifrons except that in place 
of two of the dorsal branchial 
tubercles there are spines; 
spines of arm more numerous 
than in camptacantha and in 
two adjacent and irregular 
rows, 12 or 13 in the outer- 
most row, 5 or 6 in the other 
row, 2 spines on inner margin 
just distad of the middle; 
FIG. 99.—HERBSTIA PARVIFRONS (32962), MAXILLIPED, X 6.4 palm not unarmed but fur- 

nished on the proximal two- 





fifths of the upper margin with 5 or 6 spines, present not only in the _ 


adult but as spinules, fewer in number, in the young, down to a 


























THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 297 


carapace length of 7.5 mm.; spines on upper edge of merus of ambu- 
latory legs 9 to 12, instead of 7 to 10, with 1 to 3 below near the 
extremity (2 to 3 in camptacantha), obsolescent on last leg; carpus 
not tuberculated, but armed in first two pairs with a single spine 
at inner distal angle of upper surface, unarmed in last two pairs; 
adults as well as young hairy. 

The basal antennal segment is armed with two spines on the 
orbital border, counting the antero-external spine, while A. Milne 
Edwards figures 3 for camptacantha. 

Color.—Carapace a light tan mottled with dark brown; ambulatory 
legs barred with reddish brown; chelipeds, excepting the light tips of 
fingers, a still more pronounced red (Weymouth). Large male in 
formalin (32962), a brilliant crimson all over. 

Measurements.—Male (32962), total length of carapace 43.3, width 
41.66 mm. Male (23064) total length of carapace 21.4, width 18.8 
mm. 

Range.—Monterey Bay, California (Weymouth) to Magdalena 
Bay, Lower California. 

Material examined.— 

“Western America”; T. Nuttall; 1 female, holotype (Mus. Phila. 
Acad. Nat. Sci.). 

San Pedro, California; H. N. Lowe; 1 young male (32980). 

Long Beach, California; H. N. Lowe; 1 young male (46757). 

Laguna Beach, California; W. A. Hilton; 2 ovigerous females 
(48913, 50598). 

San Pedro to Santa Catalina Island, California; Nov. 27, 1913; 
Anton Dohrn; from Venice Marine Biological Station; 2 young 
(50263). 

Isthmus Harbor, Santa Catalina Island, California; Venice Marine 
Biological Station; 1 young male (46416). 

Catalina Harbor, Santa Catalina Island, California: P.S. Barnhart, 
Anton Dohrn; from Venice Marine Biological Station; 3 young males, 
2 young females (50256). Beach; W. H. Dall; 1 young female 
(16320). Depth, 30 to 40 fathoms, sandy mud; W. H. Dall; 3 
young (16321). 

San Clemente Island, California; H. N. Lowe; 2 males (23064, 
32962). 

San Diego County, California; C. R. Orcutt; 1 young male (16323). 

Southern California: Anton Dohrn; Venice Marine Biological Station; 
1 young male, 1 young female (50255). W. H. Dall; 3 young (16322). 

Lower California, Mexico; off Magdalena Bay; 1889; Albatross: 
Lat. 24° 58’ 30’’ N.; long. 115° 52’ 30’’ W.; 34 fathoms; coralline; 
temp. 63.9° F.; March 2; station 2988; 1 young female (16346). 
Lat. 24° 58’ 15’’ N.; long. 115° 53’ 00’’ W.; 36 fathoms; coralline; 
temp. 64.3° F.; March 2; station 2989; 1 young male (16345). 


298 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


HERBSTIA DEPRESSA Stimpson 
Plate 104, fig. 1 


Herbstia depressa Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1860, p. 
185 [57] (type-locality, St. Thomas; type not extant).—Rarnsun, Univ. 
Iowa Studies Nat. Hist., vol. 9, No. 5, 1921, p. 81, pl. 2, fig. 4. 

Herbstiella depressa Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 10, 1871, 


p. 93. 
?Herbstia (Herbstiella) depressa? Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 


1886, p. 51, pl. 7, fig. 2. 

Diagnosis.—Palm unarmed. Two spines on outer margin of basal 
antennal article, including that at anterior angle; first movable 
article advanced nearly to tip of rostrum. 

Description.—Carapace much depressed, generally covered with 
sordes adhering to a slight pubescence easily detached, beneath 
which the surface is glabrous and less tuberculous than in H. campta- 
cantha. A median protuberance on the gastric, and one on the 
cardiac region; two tubercles on the intestinal region in a transverse 
row. Lateral and posterior margins armed with small subspiniform 
tubercles. A stout spine on the hepatic region. Rostrum rather 
short and broad, cleft for one-half its length; horns triangular, acute. 
Frontal region and surface of rostrum with a median longitudinal 
sulcus between two short prominent ridges. Preorbital teeth, orbits 
and antennae nearly as in camptacantha. Basal spine of antennae 
long, projecting almost as far as horns of rostrum. Exognath of 
external maxillipeds broad, fusiform, almost angular at middle of 
external margin. 

Chelipeds shorter than next leg; merus armed with one row of 
spines above, elsewhere smooth; carpus with numerous very short 
spines on upper surface; hand glabrous. Ambulatory legs slender, 
hairy above; second pair two-thirds longer than carapace; merus of 
all armed with spines above, sometimes below. (After Stimpson.) 

In a larger specimen than those above described there are four 
additional tubercles or granules forming a transverse oblong on the 
branchial region, two of the granules near the inner angle of this 
region and the other two in a line posterior to the middle of the cardiac 
region; also on dorsal surface a granule which forms a triangle with 
the two marginal spines at the widest part of the carapace; two teeth 
on outer margin of basal antennal segment; seven spines and one 
spinule on merus of cheliped, about 12 spinules and tubercles on wrist. 

Measurements.—Male type (Stimpson), length of carapace 9.6 mm. 
(0.38 inch), width 7.6 mm. (0.3 inch). Ovigerous female, Barbados, 
length including horns 14.8, median length 14, width 12 mm. 

Range.—St. Thomas; Barbados; Curacao. I think it very doubtful 
if the specimen figured by Miers as a possible depressa is really one; 
it lacks a preorbital spine and the rostral horns are cut too deep. 
It is from Barra Grande, Brazil, lat. 9° 05’ 00’’ to 9° 10’ 00’ S.; 

















THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 299 


long. 34° 50’ 00’’ W. to 34° 53’ 00’’ W., 30 to 350 fathoms, station 
122, Challenger. 

Material examined.— 

St. Thomas; 1 ovigerous female (Copenhagen Mus.). 

Barbados; May 15, 1918; Biol. Exped.State Univ. lowa; 1 ovigerous 
female (Mus. S. U. L.). 

Caracas Bay Curacao; from sponge; May 10, 1920; C. J. van der 
Horst; 1 male, 1 female (Amsterdam Mus.), 1 female (55768). 


HERBSTIA TUMIDA (Stimpson) 
Plate 105, figs. 5 and 6 


Herbsiiella tumida Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 10, 1871, p. 
95 (type-locality, Manzanillo, Mexico; type not extant). 

Herbstia (Herbstiella) tumida Misrrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, 
p. 49. 

Diagnosis.—Basal article of antenna very little, if any, wider 
posteriorly than anteriorly; a small tooth at insertion of next article; 
antero-external spine directed strongly outward as well as forward; 
first movable article overreaches rostrum. 

Description.—Female: Body and feet pubescent. Carapace convex 
with the regions more protuberant than in camptacantha or depressa. 
There are indications of tubercles on the upper surface, distributed as 
in camptacantha, but they are faint protuberances rather than 
tubercles, except the two on the intestinal region, which are small 
but distinctly prominent. There is a minute sharp spine at the 
anterior end of the branchial region and one on the hepatic region. 
On the antero-lateral margin there are no distinct spines, but the 
rounded surface is covered with minute, sharp tubercles. On the 
postero-lateral margin about 10 minute spines, the anterior one 
largest. Horns of rostrum small, acute, and placed close together; 
they form less than half length of rostrum. Basal article of antennae 
short and broad, with a sharp projection at insertion of movable part 
of antennae; antero-external spine straight, acute and pointing 
obliquely outward; the other spines shorter than in the allied species. 

Merus of chelipeds armed above with 8 acute spines; carpus with 
one minute spine above and a slight crest on outer side; hand 
unarmed. Ambulatory legs with ten long, slender spines above and 
2 or 3 below. (After Stimpson.) 

In a female from Gulf of California the mesogastric and cardiac 
protuberances are high and surmounted by a strong tubercle; the 
rostral horns are not contiguous but have a narrow interspace with 
subparallel sides; preocular spine short, stout, suberect, not over- 
lapping the antennal spine. Behind it are two small teeth and a 
V-shaped sinus next the postocular tooth; on the lower margin of the 


800 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


orbit there is a strong tooth; on the outer margin of the basal antennal 
article two small denticles. 

Compared to H. depressa, the carapace is narrower, also the ischium 
of the maxillipeds; antennae longer and fringed with longer hair. 

Measurements.—Female, Gulf of California, length of carapace to 
tip of horn 13.5, width 10.7 mm. 

Range.—Gulf of California and Manzanillo, Mexico. 

Material eramined.—Gulf of California; 1 female (Amer. Mus. Nat. 


Hist.). 


HERBSTIA EDWARDSII Bell 


Plate 105, figs. 3 and 4; plate 240, figs. 1-4 


Herbstia edwardsti Brew, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 170; 
Trans. Zool. Soe. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 46, pl. 9, figs. 3, 3g—-37 (type- 
locality, Galapagos Islands, 6 fathoms; coral sand; type not extant). 

Herbstiella edwardsii Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 10, 1871, 


p. 93. 

Diagnosis.—Two teeth in the gape of movable finger of male. 
Supraorbital margin with only one tooth between preocular and 
postocular teeth. Palms smooth, unarmed. 

Description.—Carapace depressed, much rounded, postfrontal 
portion nearly circular but rather narrowed forwards; minutely 
punctate. Four small tubercles transversely placed on gastric 
region, several similar ones elsewhere especially on branchial regions 
and lateral margin. Front moderately prominent, rostrum very 
small, horns pointed and a little flattened. Orbits large, furnished 
with a tooth at upper, inner angle, another at outer angle, and a 
third, small and rounded, beneath; between which and the basal 
article of the antenna there is a considerable hiatus. Basal article 
rather broad, with a large tooth at the antero-external angle and a 
smaller one behind it on the margin; next two articles cylindrical, 
the last extending a little beyond the rostrum. 

Chelipeds of male more than twice as long as the postfrontal 
portion of carapace, rather robust, and nearly cylindrical; hand 
rather larger than the other segments, smooth; dactylus with two 
teeth (in Bell’s figure) in the gape, immovable finger with a strong 
tooth between the two above. Legs sparsely hairy, merus with a 
row of small spines above. (Bell.) 

Notes on a female from James Island.—The tubercles of the dorsal 
surface of the carapace are much more obscure than represented by 
Bell; there are 7 tubercles on the intestinal region arranged in 2 
transverse rows, 4 in the anterior row and 3 in the posterior. Of the 
marginal spinules that on the hepatic region is largest and sharpest. 
On the upper margin of the orbit a small blunt tooth between the 
preocular and postocular teeth. The tooth on outer margin of basal 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 801 


antennal article is acute. The fingers of the feeble chelipeds of the 
female are without enlarged teeth. 

Color.—Grayish brown above, yellowish beneath, chelipeds plum- 
beous, ambulatory legs somewhat flesh-colored. (Bell.) 

Measurements.—Type (Bell), length 17.8 mm. (7 lines), width 16.5 
mm. (6% lines). Female (1879, M. C. Z.), length to tip of horns 10.5, 
width 8.5 mm. 

Range.—Galapagos Islands, to 6 fathoms. 

Material examined.—James Island, Galapagos Archipelago; Hass- 
ler Exped.; 1 ovigerous female (1879, M. C. Z.). 


HERBSTIA PYRIFORMIS (Bell) 
Plate 104, figs. 2 and 3; plate 240, figs. 5-8 


Rhodia pyriformis BELL, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 
170; Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 44, pl. 9, figs. 1-le (type- 
locality, Galapagos Islands, 6 fathoms, coral sand; type not extant). 

Herbstia pyriformis Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 10, 1871, 
p- 93. 

Dagnosis.—Merus of ambulatory legs unarmed. Four lateral 
teeth or spines. Posterior margin of carapace strongly produced. 
One spine on palm. 

Deseription.—Male: Carapace pyriform, somewhat depressed, re- 
gions slightly and evenly elevated; rostrum about as broad as long, 
small, consisting of two pointed teeth; lateral margin with four dis- 
tant, minute teeth or spines; posterior margin strongly produced. 
Orbits large, with a triangular hiatus above, and a preocular and 
postocular tooth. Antennae twice as long as rostrum, basal article 
bidentate, tooth at middle of outer margin shorter than the antero- 
external tooth which is under and projects beyond the supero-internal 
angle of orbit. 

Arm and wrist hairy and beset with small spines; hand hairy above, 
smooth. Fingers slender, not gaping, minutely serrated. Ambula- 
tory legs longer than chelipeds, the second pair by nearly one-third; 
remainder diminishing gradually. They are nearly cylindrical, 
smooth and hairy. (Bell.) 

Notes on a male from James Island.—The median posterior pro- 
tuberance of the carapace is more abrupt than as figured by Bell and 
is surmounted by a suberect, conical tubercle with a sharp point. 
The rostrum is not so deeply bifurcate as in Bell’s figure, but each 
horn is longer than its basal width. The inner margins of the orbits 
converge anteriorly where they are tipped with a small spine; post- 
ocular tooth tipped with a spinule; two supraorbital emarginations 
between which the margin is transverse, not dentiform. The an- 
terior spine of the basal antennal article is long, straight and acumi- 

5487—25t——21 





302 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


nate; the other marginal spine is at the posterior end of the segment 
and is much smaller but also sharp. The lower margin of the orbit 
is more advanced than the upper and is transverse and slightly 
sinuous. 

The three long margins of the merus of the cheliped are armed 
with spines; the carpus bears six spines (visible to the naked eye), 
arranged in two longitudinal series; a similar spine surmounts the 
condyle of the palm which articulates with the wrist. 

Color.—Pink, hairs brown; legs whitish with pink rings or bands. 

Measurements.—Type male (Bell), length 20.3 mm. (8 lines), 
width 15.2 mm. (6 lines). Male (1895, M. C. Z.), length to tip of 
horns 14.7, width 10.8 mm. 

Range.—Galapagos Islands, to 6 fathoms. 

Material ercamined.—James Island, Galapagos Archipelago; Hassler 
Exped.; 1 male (1895, M. C. Z.). 


HERBSTIA PUBESCENS Siimpson 


Herbstia pubescens Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 10, 1871, p. 
92 (type-locality, Manzanillo, Mexico; holotype not extant). 


Diagnosis.—Merus of ambulatory legs unarmed. Lateral spines 
more than four. A transverse gastro-cardiac ridge. 

Description.—Body covered with a dense, short pubescence, be- 
neath which the carapace is smooth and unarmed, except at the sides, 
where there are a few minute spines. ‘There are two inconspicuous 
tubercles in the median Ime on the gastric region, and a short, trans- 
verse, tuberculiform ridge between the gastric and the cardiac region, 
which latter is somewhat prominent. There is a single small triangu- 
lar tubercle at the posterior extremity on the intestinal region. 
Rostrum very short. Chelipeds with merus and carpus armed with 
spiniform tubercles; hand smooth, unarmed. Ambulatory legs un- 
armed, pubescent; dactyli very short. 

Differs from H. pyriformis in its shorter rostrum, and in the spines 
of the lateral margins of the carapace which are smaller and more 
numerous. (Stimpson.) 

Measurements.—Female holotype, length of carapace 21.6 mm. 
(0.85 inch), width 17 mm. (0.67 inch). 

Range.—Manzanillo, Mexico. Known only from the type-speci- 
men. ' 














Sn ERROR 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 303 


Genus MICROPISA Stimpson 

Micropisa Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 9, 1857, 

p. 217; type, M. ovata Stimpson; Smithson. Mise. Coll., vol. 49, 1907, 
= ROE 

ap A. Mitne Epwarps, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., ser. 2, vol. 21, 1869, 
p. 374; type, P. antennarius A. Milne Edwards. Not Phycodes Guenée, 
1852 (Lepidoptera). 

Apiomithrax RaTHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 164; 
type, A. antennarius (A. Milne Edwards). 

Carapace broad across the branchial regions, suboval, little convex, 
more or less spinous, front between the eyes narrow, rostrum short, 
bifid. Preorbital spine present or absent; a supraorbital fissure and 
an exorbital tooth present; orbits open below. Eyes retractile but 
not concealed. Basal article of external antennae armed with a 
tooth or spine at its external angle; movable portion visible from 
above. Fingers of adult male touching only at the extremities. 

Brazil; West Africa; Cape Verde Islands. Shallow water; 30-180 
meters (16-98 fathoms). : 


- MICROPISA VIOLACEA A. Milne Edwards 


Plate 101; plate 241, figs. 5-8 


Micropisa violacea A. Minne Epwarps, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 
vol. 4, 1868, p. 50, pl. 16, figs. 3-6 (type-locality, Cape St. Vincent, Cape 
Verde Islands; holotype in Paris Mus.)—A. Mitne Epwarps and 
Bovuvigr, Brach. T'ravailleur et Talisman, 1900, p. 130. 

Phycodes antennarius A. Mitnp Epwarps, Rey. et Mag. de Zool., ser. 2, 
vol. 21, 1869, p. 374. 

Herbstia violacea Miners, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 8, 1881, p. 206; 
Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 50. 


Diagnosis—No_ preocular spine. Marginal spines numerous. 
Antero-external spine of basal antennal article directed outward and 
visible from above. Merus and carpus of cheliped nearly smooth. 

Description.—Carapace almost,as wide as long, covered, as are 
also the legs and the lower surface of the body with a brown, rather 
dense velvet. Rostrum divided half way by two short, straight, 
divergent horns. Orbit large, its supraocular eave little projecting 
and bearing at its posterior end a sharp spine directed outward and 
separated by a narrow fissure from the large postorbital spine. This 
last points forward and has at its inner base a small spine directed 
obliquely inward and forward. Infra-orbital border with a deep 
sinus, along the inner side of which there lies a small, blunt, non- 
projecting tooth. Basal article of antenna armed with two anterior 
spines, the outer one visible from above, the inner one partially 
concealed by the following article. Antero-lateral margin armed 
with one hepatic spine, three small and three large branchial spines 
alternating, the last of which forms the lateral angle of the carapace, 
and is followed by a small postero-lateral spine. Above the posterior 


304 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


border are five distant spines, two branchial (paired), the outer one 
the strongest of all, and one intestinal. A transverse row of four 
gastric spines, a median mesogastric spine; a small cardiac tubercle 
or spine; three hepatic spines. 

Chelipeds of adult male very little longer than carapace, stout; 
hand swollen, slightly narrowed distally, fingers slender, widely 
gaping except at tips, a low tooth on dactylus at basal third. Ambu- 
latory legs stout, graduated, the first pair a little longer than chelipeds. 

Variations.—A half-grown male from west Africa has the spines 
relatively shorter or reduced to tubercles, legs slenderer than in full- 
grown male, but cheliped well developed. 

Measurements.—Male (334, Mus. Paulista), total length of carapace 
51, total width 49.3, width without 
spines 43.2, least width between eyes 
8.3, length of horn 5.1 mm. 

Range.—Brazil: Provinces of Rio 
de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and Santa 
Catharina. Previously known only 
from West Africa (Sahara to Angola) 
and the Cape Verde Islands; shallow 
water to 180 meters (98 fathoms). 

Material examined.— 

Serra de Masahé, Province of Rio 
de Janeiro, Brazil; 1912; KE. Garbe, 
collector; from Museu Paulista; 1 
male (Cat. No. 55769, U.S.N.M.). 

Santos, Province of Sao Paulo, 
Brazil; 1896; Bisego, collector; lent 
by Mus. Paulista (Cat. No. 334). 

Fia. 100.—MICROPISA VIOLACEA (55769), MAX- Desterro, Province of Santa 
Bae Catharina, Brazil; January, 1866; 
Fritz Miller; 1 small male (2052, M. C. Z.). 

Off Sahara, Africa; lat. 21° 47’ N.; long. 19° 47’ W.; 140 meters; 
green muddy sand; July 13, 1883; station 92, Talisman; 1 male 
(22969) received from Paris Museum. 





Genus CHORINUS Latreille 


Charineus (Leach MS.) Desmarest, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. 28, 1823, p. 266; 
Consid. Gén. Crust., 1825, p. 153; nomen nudum (neither described nor 
adopted). 

Chorinus (Leach MS.) Larreitur, Encye. Méth., Hist. Nat., Entom., vol. 
10, 1825, pp. 139 and 699; in Cuvier, Régne Anim., ed. 2, vol. 4, 1829, p. 
58 (described, but name not adopted, by Latreille as a division of the 
subgenus Pisa; only species, and therefore type, Pisa heros (Herbst).— 
Mitne Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 314.—A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 86. 


Carapace oblong-oval. Rostrum with two slightly divergent horns. 
Preorbital spine stout, postorbital spine small, dentiform, remote 





























THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 805 


from orbit. Two superior orbital spines. Basal antennal segment 
short and narrow; flagellum short, concealed beneath rostrum. 
Outer maxillipeds with the ischium advanced at the antero-internal 
angle; merus rhomboidal, advanced at middle, outer angle laterally 
produced, antero-internal margin oblique, ending posteriorly in a 
slight tooth. Chelipeds elongate, stouter than ambulatory legs. Legs 
of first pair long, of remaining pairs very short. Abdomen of both 
sexes composed of seven separate segments. 

Contains only one species, the other species referred to Chorinus 
having been transferred to different genera. 

Restricted to the eastern coast of America and to the Bermudas. 


CHORINUS HEROS (Herbst) 
late 107; plate 246, figs. 3-5 


Cancer heros Hersst, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, 1790, vol. 1, pl. 18, fig. 
102; 1796, vol. 2, p. 165, pl. 42, fig. 1 (type-locality, ‘‘der Ocean’’; type in 
Berlin Mus.). 

Maja heros Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1801—2 (an X), p. 251. 

Maja héros LATREILLE, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 6, 1803, p. 101. 

Cancer (Inachus) heros LATREILLE in Cuvier, Régne Anim., vol. 3, 1817, 

peel 3 

Pale heros LATREILLE, Encye. Méth., Hist. Nat., Entom., vol. 10, 1825, p. 
139; in Cuvier, Régne Anim., ed. 2, vol. 4, 1829, p. 58. 

Chorinus heros M1tNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 315; in 
Cuvier, Régne Anim., Disciples’ ed., p. 85, pl. 29, figs. 2-2b—A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 86. 

Chorinus barbirostris (Leach MS.) Wurirer, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 6. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace oval, with two long horns, connected by a 
sievelike channel of long hairs. Chelipeds of male very long and 
stout. Legs of first pair long, of second, third, and fourth pairs short. 

Description.—Carapace pubescent, convex, posterior two-thirds 
smooth, anterior third deflexed, covered with short, blunt tubercles 
or spines, from which proceed a tuft of coarse hairs; these tubercles 
are continued part way on the rostrum. Rostral horns stout, usually 
more or less incurved, about one-third the length of remainder of cara- 
pace, and furnished on inner edges with two rows of long, closely 
placed hairs, which rows separating form with those on the opposite 
horn a long channel. Preorbital spines about one-third length of 
rostral horns, curved and directed forward. Marginal spines two, 
one gastric and one hepatic, the former the longer, flattened, both 
curved. Above the orbit are two tubercles or stout spines, the 
anterior the larger and more or less compound. The branchial 
region has a few tubercles at anterior angle and on antero-lateral 
margin. 

Subhepatic and pterygostomian regions tuberculate. Basal anten- 
nal segment with a stout spine at its extremity and a tubercle on 
lateral margin; almost in the same line there is a tubercle just behind 


306 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


the segment and another at angle of buccal cavity; two movable 
segments of antennal peduncle flattened, the first one widening at its 
distal extremity. 

Chelipeds naked and smooth, attaining a length of twice that of 
the carapace in the male; merus cylindrical; manus compressed and 
shghtly dilated, the palmar portion about twice length of fingers; 
fingers gaping slightly for their distal half or third. Legs stout, 
pubescent, and hairy, the first pair attaining a length greater than 
that of carapace; remaining pairs much shorter and decreasing regu- 
larly in length. 

Measurements.—Male, Bermuda (Amer. Mus. 5527), total length 
of carapace to tip of horns 63.7 mm., length on median line 46.6, 
length of horn 16.8, width of carapace 
32.3, length of cheliped about 90.4, of 
first ambulatory 76.8 mm. 

Range.—Florida Keys to Bahia, Brazil; 
to a depth of 16 fathoms. Cuba (von 
Martens). Also Bermuda. 

Material examined.— 

Tortugas, Florida; W. H. Longley; 1 
male (50441), “abundant.”’ 

Key West, Florida; C. J. Maynard; 
received from Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.; 1 
male, 2 females (53044). 

Sand Key Light, Florida; rocks, 
sponges, etc.; 1893; Biol. Exped. State 
Univ. Iowa; 1 young female (Mus. S. 
We). 

Hawk Channel, Florida, 1144 miles S. 
by W. of southeast end of Long Key; 
15 feet; barry; February 18, 1903; sta- 
tion 7463, Fish Hawk; 1 young (47067). 

Florida; J. S. Kingsley collection; received from Boston Soc. Nat. 
Hist.; 1 male (53043). 

Yucatan, off Mujeres Island; 12 fathoms; crs. co. S.; W. Stimp- 
son; 1 young (1941, M. C. Z.). 

Lime Cay, Jamaica; P. W. Jarvis, collector; specimen returned to 
sender. 

Jamaica; from Mar. Biol. Lab., Woods Hole; 1 male (47353). 

San Domingo; 1878; W. M. Gabb; 1 male (4176). 

San Antonio Bridge, San Juan, Porto Rico; January 12, 1899; 
Fish Hawk; 1 young (24163). 

Caballo Blanco Reef, Vieques, Porto Rico; February 7, 1899; 
Fish Hawk; 1 male, 1 female (24201). 





Fic. 101.—CHORINUS HEROS (53044), 
MAXILLIPED, X 6 














THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 807 


Off Vieques, Porto Rico; Point Mula Lighthouse, S. SW. 3% W., 
534 miles; 14 fathoms; Co. S. Sh.; temp. 25.6° C.; February 8, 1899; 
station 6085, Fish Hawk; 1 young (24160). 

Off Vieques, Porto Rico; Culebrita Lighthouse, NE. %% E., 714 
miles; 16 fathoms; Co.; temp. 25.2° C.; February 10, 1899; station 
6092, Fish Hawk; 1 young (24161). 

Off Humagcao, Porto Rico; Hucares, NW. 34 W., 214 miles; 914 
fathoms; Co.; temp. 26° C.; February 14, 1899; station 6099, Fish 
Hawk; 1 young (24162). 

St. Croix (Copenhagen Mus.). 

Barbados; Theodore N. Gill; 1 male (1268, M. C. Z.). 

Bahia, Brazil (Copenhagen Mus.). 

Rio Vermelho, Bahia, Brazil; February 6; R. Rathbun, Hartt 
Explorations, 1875-1877; 1 specimen (19945). 

Bermuda; L. L. Mowbray; 1 male (Amer. Mus.). 

Locality not given: 1 carapace of type, original of Herbst’s plate 18, 
figure 102 (Berlin Mus.). 


Genus HOLOPLITES Rathbun 


Holoplites RatHBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 64; type, 
H. armata (A. Milne Edwards). 

Carapace pyriform, covered with sharp spines of unequal length. 
Rostrum composed of two long, slender, divergent horns. Orbits 
open, armed with an anterior, a superior, a posterior, and an inferior 
spine; anterior spine long. Basal antennal segment very narrow, 
spinous. Antero-internal margin of the merus of the maxillipeds 
oblique, not notched for the articulation of the palpus; antero-exter- 
nal angle expanded. Abdomen of female with the fourth, fifth, and 
sixth segments coalesced. Chelipeds and merus of ambulatory 
legs spinous. Contains only one species. 


HOLOPLITES ARMATA (A. Milne Edwards) 
Plate 108; plate 245, figs. 6-8 


Nibilia armata A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 348, pl. 31 A, 
figs. 3-3 c (type-locality, Antilles; cotypes in M. C. Z.); Bull. Mus. 
Comp. Zo6l., vol. 8, December, 1880, p. 4 (St. Vincent, Grenadines, Bar- 
bados; 88 to 180 fathoms.—A. Mitne Epwarps and Bovuvirr, Mem. 
Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 47, 1923, p. 386, text-fig. 20. 

Holoplites armatus RatusBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 1894, p. 64. 

Diagnosis.—Covered with sharp spines. Rostral horns divergent. 
Antero-internal angle of merus of maxillipeds not notched. 

Description.—Preorbital spines much elevated, about half as long 
as the rostral spines and longer than the other spines of the carapace. 
Postorbital spine remote from the orbit; below and behind it there 
is a subhepatic spine. The basal antennal segment bears a long 
spine at the antero-external angle, and a shorter lateral spine; almost 





BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


308 




















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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 809 


third; they have also small lateral spinules; coalesced segment very 
large and smooth; terminal segment broadly rounded at the extremity. 
The abdomen has scattered hairs like the rest of the surface. 

Variations.—The rostrum is of variable length and may, or may 
not, be divided to its base. Supraorbital spine variable in size and 
position. 

Measurements.—Ovigerous female (6941), length of carapace, includ- 
ing rostrum, 23.5; length of rostral spines 8; width of carapace exclusive 
of spines, 11; inclusive of spines, 16 mm. 

Range.—West Indies: Cuba; St. Vincent; Barbados; Grenadines. 
Depth, 88 to 387 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 308. 


Genus CHORILIBINIA Lockington 


Chorilibinia LocKk1naTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), 
p. 69 [7]; type, C. angustus Lockington.— Mrrrs, Journ. Linn. Soe. London, 
vol. 14, 1879, p. 654; Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 45.— 
Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, p. 221. 

Chlorolibinia HasweE ux, Cat. Austral. Crust., 1882, p. 17; type, C. gracilipes 
Miers. 

Carapace triangular. Rostrum long, broad, and emarginate at tip 
as in Libinia, but the eyes concealed beneath it as in Chorinus and its 
allies. Preorbital and postorbital spines acute, separated above and 
below by an acute fissure and together constituting the orbit. (Lock- 
ington.) 

Besides the type species from the Gulf of California, a species from 
Papua and North Australia and another from the Andamans, have 
been referred to this genus. 

CHORILIBINIA ANGUSTA Lockington, 

Chorilibinia angustus Lockxinaton, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 
1876 (1877), p. 69 [7] (type-locality, Gulf of California; type not extant). 

Chorilibinia angusta Mimrs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 4, 1879, p. 7. 

Diagnosis.—Rostral horns comprising only one-third length of 
of rostrum. A long spine on basal antennal segment. Chelipeds 
slender, same length as next pair of legs. 

Description.—Whole of upper and under surface except inner side 
of hand and upper surface of rostrum tomentose, with longer hairs at 
intervals and a row of the latter on each side of rostrum. Carapace 
triangular, narrowing gradually to region of eyes; orbits salient. 
Rostrum long, shorter in female than in male, emarginate at tip, the 
bifurcation divergent, extending only one-third length of rostrum. 
Basal segment of antennae terminating outwardly in a long spine 
which precedes the preorbital spine when viewed from above; next 
two segments setose, slender, cylindrical. Preorbital spine large, 
acute, separated from the acute postorbital spine by a pointed fissure 
both above and below. Antero-lateral margin with three spines 

5487—257 22 





310 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


besides the postorbital, the largest spine at the lateral angle. Tuber- 
cles of carapace prominent, each culminating in a single spine; a 
tubercle with spine on posterior angle. 

Chelipeds slender, about same length as next pair of legs; merus 
with 4 tubercles above; manus smooth, slender; fingers small, slender, 
in contact most of their length, serrate on inner border. Ambulatory 
legs slender, rounded, first pair much the largest; dactyli sharp 
(Lockington). 

Measurements.—Male cotype, length of carapace 20, width 12 mm.; 
female cotype, length of carapace 23, width 15 mm. 

Material excamined.—None. 

Range.—Gulf of California; known only from the description of 
the three type-specimens. 

Remarks.—Perhaps the same as Libinia mexicana. 


Genus LIBINIA Leach 


Libinia Leacu, Zool. Misc., vol. 2, 1815, p. 129; type, L. emarginata 
Leach.—RatuBoun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 235 (part: not 
L. macdonaldi and spinimana), and synonymy. 

Carapace convex; tuberculous or spinous; triangular-orbiculate 
and evenly rounded behind the frontal region. Preocular spine 
usually distinct. Rostrum emarginate or bifid at the apex. Orbits 
small, nearly circular, with a superior fissure closed or nearly so, and 
a closed fissure or an open sinus below. Basal antennal segment 
moderately enlarged. Merus of external maxillipeds truncate at 
distal end. Chelipeds well developed; palm elongate; fingers with 
one exception evenly denticulate on inner margins. Ambulatory 
legs well developed, sometimes elongate, diminishing in length from 
first to fourth pair; segments subcylindrical, usually unarmed. 

America, from Nova Scotia to Terra del Fuego, and from Lower 
California, Mexico, to Chile; San Francisco, California. Bermuda?; 
West Africa. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS LIBINIA 


A!. Merus of chelipeds unarmed or bearing only one spine or tubercle. 
B'. Rostrum either horizontal or deflexed. 
C!. Median spines more than 6. 
D!. Tubercles of carapace numerous, nongranulate, more or less unevenly 
placed. Median tubercles or spines 9, 5 behind cervical groove. 
Tooth or tubercle at angle of basal segment of antenna incon- 
spicuous:from above: 2+ 45-0) a2 See eee emarginata, p. 311. 
D?. Tubercles and spines of carapace not numerous, granulate, evenly 
placed. Median tubercles or spines 7, 4 behind cervical groove. 
Tooth or spine at angle of basal segment of antenna curved, con- 
SPICUOUS Trom’AbOVere Lee ee ee ee spinosa, p. 325. 
C*, Median spines 6. 
D'. No spine at middle of hepatic region. 
E!. Fork of rostrum in adult shallow, tips of horns blunt. Lateral mar- 
ginal spines in young of good size, subequal __-_--_ dubia, p. 313. 




















THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 811 


E?. Fork of rostrum in young deeper than in dubia, horns acute, curved 
toward each other. Lateral marginal spines in young small 
except the posterior one which is very long and slender. 

erinacea, p. 321. 
D?. A spine at middle of hepatic region. 

E!. Carapace with a lateral marginal are of 5 spines. Lower fissure of 

orbit closed. 
F!. A rhomb of 4 spines on branchial region besides the marginal 
are. Orbit deep, projecting well beyond outline of carapace. 
rhomboidea, p. 323. 
F?. Five spines on branchial region besides the marginal are. Orbit 
shallow, not projecting beyond outline of carapace. 
ferreirae, p. 324. 

E?. Branchial region (in the young) with only 3 spines, all long, 1 mar- 

ginal, 2 dorsal. An open sinus below orbit___mexicana, p. 328. 
B?. Rostrum ascending, hollowed beneath, forming with the antennae an 
efferent channel. Median tubercles ar spines 8; a rhomb of 4 on bran- 


chial region; no lateral marginal are of spines____--_-_-- setosa, p. 327. 
A®. Merus of chelipeds armed with longitudinal rows of tubercles and spines. 
Horns widespread and half as long as rostrum ___--_--_~_-__- rostrata, p. 329. 


Libinia? verrucosa Lockington from Mazatlan* is a nomen nudum. 
Species reported on both sides of the continent: emarginata, 
spinosa, rostrata. 


LIBINIA EMARGINATA Leach 
COMMON SPIDER CRAB \\ 
Plates 110-113 


Libinia emarginata Lracn, Zool. Misc., vol. 2, 
1815, p. 130, pl. 108 (type-locality unknown; 
type in Brit. Mus.).—Ratusun, Proc. U.S. 
Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 235, pl. 31, fig. e 
2, and synonymy.—Hay and Sore, Bull. 
Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35, 1915-16 (1918), p. 
456, pl. 38, fig. 6, and synonymy. 2 
Libinia canaliculata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, 1817, p. 77, pl. 4, 
fig. 1 (type-locality, bays and inlets of the 
[east] coast; cotypes from Great Egg Har- 
bor, in Mus. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.; speci- 
mens, probably cotypes, in Brit. Mus., 


“presented by T. Say’’).%® at 
Libinia affinis Ranpatt, Journ. Acad. Nat. yy. 103.—LrrniA_ EMARGINATA 
Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 8, 1839, p. 106 (type- (3898), MAXILLIPED, X 2.85 


locality, Upper California; two small male 
types, labeled ‘“‘NW coast America,’ are in Mus. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.). 
Diagnosis.—Carapace with nine median spines or tubercles. 
Dorsal tubercles many. No spine at angle of buccal cavity. 
Description.—Surface of body and limbs densely pubescent. Cara- 
pace, without rostrum, nearly hemispherical in the old, narrower 
anteriorly in the young; regions well marked; covered with short 
spines and tubercles. Median spines 9, of which 4 are gastric, 1 
genital, 2 cardiac, and 2 intestinal. Lateral marginal spines 5 on each 





% Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 64. °* White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 4. 


312 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


side; 2 prominent pterygostomian spines; other large spines are 2 or 
4 above the posterior margin besides the median spine and about 4 
dorsal branchial spines. Smaller dorsal spines and tubercles numerous, 
including a transverse line of four gastric tubercles in a row between 
the first and second median spines. Rostrum deflexed, narrowing 
distally to the terminal spines, which are short and divergent. Inter- 
orbital space medially canaliculate. A short preocular spine; orbital 
sinuses closed; 2 small spines beneath the orbit on the basal antennal 
segment. 

Chelipeds of adult male stronger than the ambulatory legs and 
longer than the first pair; a spine in the old, a tubercle in the half 





Fic. 104.—LIBINIA EMARGINATA, YOUNG MALE (40178), TOTAL LENGTH OF CARAPACE 43 MM., DORSAL VIEW. 
(AFTER R* RATHBUN) 

grown, near proximal end of upper surface of merus of cheliped; 

carpus and chelae rough with pearly granules; palms increasing in 

width distally; fingers about half as long as palm, moderately gaping 

at base. Ambulatory legs decreasing rapidly in length. 

Color.—A brownish or dirty yellow. 

Variations.—An ovigerous female (15203) from Charlotte Harbor, 
Florida, approaches somewhat the dubia type. It is an emarginata in 
the number of median spines and in possessing a sharp tubercle on 
the arm; but it resembles dwbia in the large size of the following spines, 
viz, the marginal, dorsal branchial, anterior pterygostomian, as well 
as 3 of the median spines, and in the scarcity of tubercles on the 
carapace. This specimen I at one time referred to L. dastincta.” 

A male and an ovigerous female (20106), between 65 and 75 mm. 
long from Boca Grande Pass, Florida, are also atypical but in a lesser 





40 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, 1900, p. 294. 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 313 


degree, that is, the spines that are elongate in No. 15208 are less so 
in No. 20106 and the tubercles are more abundant. 

Measurements.—Largest male, Atlantic City (in Mus. Phila.), 
median length 107.2, width 95.3 mm. Large male (32236), total 
length of carapace 103.4, width including spines 93.7 mm. 

Habitat—Very abundant on muddy shores and flats; also occurs 
on every other sort of bottom. 

Range.—From Windsor, Nova Scotia, to West Florida; California. 
Also reported from the Isthmus of Panama and Bermuda,“ which 
localities need verification. Depth, shore to 27, exceptionally 68, 
fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, pages 314-317. 





Fic. 105. —LIBINIA DUBIA, YOUNG MALE (40177), TOTAL LENGTH OF CARAPACE 38 MM., DORSAL VIEW. 
(AFTER R. RATHBUN) ; 


LIBINIA DUBIA Milne Edwards 
Plates 114 and 115; plate 122, fig. 1 


Libinia dubia Miune Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 300, pl. 
14bis, fig. 2 (type-locality, cétes des Etats-Unis; type in Paris Mus.).— 
Srreets, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1870, p. 104.—A. MiLng 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 129 (part; not L. distincta 
von Martens nor rhomboidea), pl. 18, figs. 5-5 d, not pl. 26—Rars- 
BUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 237, pl. 31, fig. 1 (part, 
not all synonymy).—H ay and Snore, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35, 1915-16 
(1918), p. 456, pl. 38, fig. 5, and synonymy. ‘i 

Libinia canaliculata Dr Kay, Crust. of N. Y., 1844, p. 2 (part). Not L 
canaliculata Say, 1817. 

Libinia distincta GuéRIN, La Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, pt. 2, vol. 7, 1856, Crust., 
p. xii (type-locality, Cuba; type in Lisbon Mus.).—Briro CapELio, 
Jorn. Sci. Lisboa, vol. 3, no. 12, 1871, p. 263, pl. 3, fig. 2 (type). 

Libinia subspinosa Streets, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1870, 
p. 105 (type-locality, ‘“‘Chile,”’ really Cuba; holotype in Mus. Phila. 
Acad. Nat. Sci.). , 


" Recorded, but identification doubted by Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., vol. 13, 1908, p. 396. 





























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Diagnosis.—Carapace with six median spines. Dorsal tubercles 
few. A‘spine at angle of buccal cavity. 

Description.—Very much like L. emarginata, but with a more 
pyriform carapace and fewer spines. There are but 6 median spines, 
of which 2 are gastric, 1 genital, 2 cardiac, and 1 intestinal; the 
preorbital, pterygostomian and lateral spines are stronger than in 
emarginata, but the spiniform tubercles are few or wanting altogether, 
and the rostrum is slightly longer and more definitely bifid. Antero- 
lateral angle of buccal cavity armed with a spine. 

Very small specimens, less than 10 mm. long, of dubia and emar- 
ginata, are difficult or impossible to differentiate. 

Measurements.—Total length of carapace of large male (15824) 
101.6 mm., width including spines 89.1 mm. 

Habitat.—On muddy shores; has nearly the same habits as L. 
emarginata. 

Variation.—Extremely variable as to length of dorsal spines and 
tubercles. 

Range.—From Cape Cod, Massachusetts, to Texas; Cuba. West 
Africa (Streets). Shallow water to 25 fathoms. 

Brito Capello,” gives for L. distincta 
the locality ‘‘ Chile,” which is an error, as 
A. Milne Edwards said in 1878, for 
Cuba. The holotype of ZL. subspinosa 
Streets, ‘“‘ Chile,” is probably one of the 
Fic. 106.—LIBINIA DUBIA, YOUNG FE- same lot of specimens as the type of L. 

MALE (40176), TOTAL LENGTH OF caRA- Qdstincta Guérin. 
PACE 35.5 MM., PROFILE. (AFTER Material examined.— 
SMITH, MS.) 
Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts; U. S. 
Fish Comm: 1875; 1 female, figured (40176). Sept. 3, 1875; 1 
young (40746). 

Woods Hole, Massachusetts; .U S. Fish Comm.: 1882; 29 speci- 
mens (4905). Caught in fyke-net; October, 1882; V. N. Edwards; 
1 large male (5839). Vicinity of; 1911; 1 male (43813). 

Mattapoisett Harbor, Maseqchuseire: November, 1882; W. Nye, 
jr.; 2 young males (15121). 

Newport, Rhode Island; shore; 1880; U. S. Fish Comm.; 2 young 
(40112). 

Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island; Beaver Tail Light, SW. '4 W., 134 
mile; 1244 fathoms; S. G.; temp. 68° F.; September 1, 1880; 
station 851, Fish Hawk; 2 young (54444). 

Noank, Connecticut: 1874; U. S. Fish Comm.; 1 male, figured 
(40177); 1 young (40788). 

Great South Bay, Patchogue, Long Island, New York; October, 
1884; T. H. Bean; 1 female with mollusk attached (8915). 


#2 Jorn. Sci. Lisboa, vol. 3, no. 12, 1871, p. 263. 43 Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 129. 























THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 8319 


The Gut, New York; July 23, 1898; Biological Laboratory, Cold 
Spring, Long Island; 1 female (21658). 

Barnegat, New Jersey; October 13, 1883; Samuel Ridgway; 1 
female (5491), almost completely enveloped in a large mass of ser- 
pulid worm tubes. 

Chincoteague, Virginia; July, 1913; Henderson and Bartsch; 2 
males (46284). 

Tangier, Virginia; on Oyster Rock; November 19, 1921; C. W. 
Shores; 1 male (55477). 

Hampton Roads, Virginia; 12 fathoms; April 8, 1887; station 2737, 
Albatross; 1 young (15158). 

Norfolk, Virginia; Sibley Coll.; 1 male (15824). 

For specimens collected in Chesapeake Bay Survey, by U. S. 
Bureau of Fisheries, see table, page 320. 

Beaufort, North Carolina; June 9 and 16, 1904; B. A. Bean and 
C. A. McKnew; 2 males (30525). \ 

Off Beaufort, North Carolina, on fishing grounds; 1214 fathoms; 
station 7963, Fish Hawk; 7 specimens (51031). 

East end of Sullivan’s Island, Charleston, South Carolina; on 
oyster bed; Joe Whiteside and C. C. Leslie, U. S. Fish Comm.; 
1 female (3186). 

One mile inside May River, South Carolina; Fish Hawk; 1 young 
(26362). 

Fernandina, Florida; in shrimp trawl; December 6, 1919; Alba- 
tross; 1 male (54442). 

Indian River Inlet, Florida; January 23, 1896; U.S. Fish Comm.; 
1 female (20104). 

Indian River at Titusville, Florida; January 14, 1896; U.S. Fish 
Comm.; 1 female (20105). 

Miami, Florida; G. M. Gray; 1 female (42146). 

Cape Florida, Florida; Wurdemann; 1 male, with dorsal surface 
nearly smooth (1865, M. C. Z.). 

Bonefish Banks, S. W. end of Biscayne Bay, Florida; November 
26, 1906; Pine and Bean; 1 female (33155). 

Key West, Florida; 1884; Albatross; 10 young (16155). 

Boca Grande, Florida; April 27, 1915; E. Danglade; 3 males 
(54445) ; variety with low tubercles. 

Off Cape Sable, Florida; Lieut. J. F. Moser, U.S. N., U.S. C.5.5. 
Bache; 1 female (13756). 

Punta Rassa, Florida; February, 1884; Henry Hemphill: 18 males, 
10 females (6436). 

Charlotte Harbor, Florida; March, 1887; W. H. Dall; 1 female 
(12446). 

Sarasota Bay, Florida; February, 1884; H. Hemphill; 2 males, 6 
females, 1 young (6422). 























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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 321 


Goodland Point, Florida; H. Hemphill; 1 male (15120). 

Cedar Keys, Florida; December, 1883; H. Hemphill; 1 female 
(6411). 

Near Cedar Keys, Florida; February, 1887; Lieut. J. F. Moser, 
U.S. N., U.S. C. S. S. Bache; 3 males, 2 females (12471). 

West Florida; Henderson and Simpson; 1 young (16311). 

Florida; Dr. Bryant; received from Boston Society of Natural 
History; 1 male (53054). 

Cameron, Louisiana; R. P. Cowles; 1 female (30574). 

Corpus Christi, Texas; November 27-30, 1891; B. W. fvermann, 
U.S. Fish Comm.; 1 female (17100). 2 males, 1 female, from Sham- 
rock Point (17099). 

Cuba; wrongly labeled ‘‘ Chile”; Guérin collection; T. B. Wilson, 
donor; 1 small male, holotype of LZ. subspinosa Streets (Phila. Acad.). 
Median length of carapace 37, total length 38.5, width with spines 34, 
without spines 29 mm. 

West Africa; Gaboon country; Du Chaillu, collector; 1 young 
female (Phila. Acad.) ; length of carapace on median line to posterior 
margin 18.4 mm., length from tip of rostral horn to posterior margin 
19.8 mm., width without spines 13.2 mm., with spines 15.7 mm. 


LIBINIA ERINACEA (A. Milne Edwards) 
Plate 109 


Pisa erinacea A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 202, pl. 15 A, 
figs. 4-4b (type-locality, lat. 24° 44’ N., long. 83° 26’ W., between Florida 
and Cuba, 37 fathoms; type in Paris Mus.). 

Diagnosis —Carapace with6 medianspines. Three dorsalspines and 
tubercles on branchial region; no dorsal spine on hepatic region. 
Spines uneven; 8 are long, forming a cross. 

Description of young specimen.—Carapace pyriform, much longer 
than wide, exchbuding spines. Six median spines, 2 gastric, 1 genital, 
2 cardiac, 1 intestinal; the anterior gastric and the genital spine are 
very small, the others long. Marginal spines 5 (paired), the posterior 
one very long, the others small. Dorsal branchial protuberances 3, 
forming a triangle, the posterior one very long and forming a con- 
spicuous line of 5 with the anterior cardiac spine and the postero- 
lateral spine; the innermost of the branchial triangle is a low spine, 
the outermost a small tubercle. Rostrum very long, bifid for half 
its length, horns slender, moderately divergent, tips sharp-pointed 
and subparallel. Two pterygostomian spines, in a longitudinal line, 
the anterior one the larger. A tooth at the antero-lateral angle of the 
basal segment of the antenna and one on its outer margin. 

Chelipeds of the immature specimens examined weak and shorter 
than the ambulatory legs. 


322 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Measurements.—Immature female (46292), total length of carapace 
31.1 mm., median length 26.8 mm., width including spines 25.2, 
excluding spines 18 mm. Mr. N.S. Burnham saw one three times as 
large. Young female, length 37, width 27 mm. (Brito Capello). 

Habitat.—Found crawling on logs just under the surface of the 
water, and always seen in little patches of moss. (Burnham). 

Remarks.—This species is undoubtedly a Libinia, but the form of 
the adult is not known. It is nearest L. dubia, having the same 
number of protuberances. It is narrower than dubia of the same 
length, and its narrow carapace and long horns led A. Milne Edwards 
to place it in the genus Pisa. It also differs from dubia in having 
only 8 spines of good size behind the front and those very long, 
while the remaining spines are very small or obsolescent; the 8 long 
spines form a cross, 4 being median and 4 in a line between the postero- 
lateral angles. The 4 spines in a transverse row in front of this line 
are inconspicuous. In dubia, while the 6 median spines are unequal 
they are not strikingly so, the 3 dorsal branchial spines are subequal, 
the last or posterior of the marginal spines may be the longest of the 
arc but the others are also of good size. Orbit more open than in 
dubia, the outer margin of the supraocular eave more concave, its 
posterior angle prominent and conspicuous. The adult of erinacea 
may prove to be only a variety of L. dubia. 

Range.—Florida Keys to western Cuba; 2 to 37 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Biscayne Bay, Florida; 1 mile N. of Feather Bed Bank; 2 fathoms; 
S. G.; March 7, 1903; station 7481, Fish Hawk; 1 young female 
(47100). 

Jewfish Creek, Florida; (a salt-water connection between Barnes 
Sound and Blackwater Sound); N. S. Burnham; 1 young female 
(46292). 

North of Knights Key Channel, Florida; 3 miles*NE. by N. of 
East Bahia Honda Key; 11 feet; rky.; Jan. 22, 1903; station 7412, 
Fish Hawk; 1 young female (47099). 

Pigeon Key Lake, Florida; 1 mile E. of East Bahia Honda Key; 
101% feet; rky.; Jan. 7, 1903; station 7404, Fish Hawk; 1 young 
female (47101). 

Cuba; on reef flat between Cayo Hutia and Little Cayo, NE. of 
light; Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Exped.; 1 young male 
(48745). 




















THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 323 


LIBINIA RHOMBOIDEA Streets 


Plates 116 and 117; plate 245, figs. 1-3 


Cangrejo Peludo Parra, Descripcion de diferentes piezas de Historia Natural, 
Havana, 1787, p. 134, pl. 50, fig. 1. 

Libinia rhomboidea Streets, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1870, p. 
106 (type-locality, East Indies; holotype in Mus. Phila. Acad. Nat. 
Sci.).—A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 131. 

Libinia inflata SrreEts, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1870, p. 106 
(type-locality, West Indies; type thought to be in Mus. Phila. Acad. Nat. 
Sci., where it is labeled ‘‘Cuba’’). 

Libinia distincta von Martens, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 38, part 1, 1872, p. 
79, pl. 4, figs. 1 @ and 1 b.—Gunpuacu and Torraupas, Anales Acad. 
Cien. Habana, vol. 36, 1899 (1900), p. 303, text-figs. on p. 304; reprint, 
1917, p. 13, pl. [8], fig. 6. Not L. distincta Guérin, 1856. 

Libinia dubia A. Mitne Epwarps (part), Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 129 
(Cuban specimen only), pl. 26. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace with 6 median spines. Four dorsal spines 
on branchial region; one dorsal spine on hepatic region. 

Description.—Carapace the shape of L. dubia, pyriform-orbicular. 
Rostrum more deeply emarginate, horns more acutely pointed. Six 
median spines, 2 gastric, 1 genital, 2 cardiac, and 1 intestinal. The 
anterior gastric spine is one of a transverse row of 5 of which the 2 
spines of the intermediate pair are smaller and a little more advanced 
than the others. Five strong lateral marginal spines which with a 
similar spine at the middle of the hepatic region make almost a 
semicircle. Four dorsal branchial spines form an elongate rhomb. 
Two strong pterygostomian spines and, almost in the same line but 
directed forward, a spine on the edge of the epimeron and in front 
of the cheliped. - The spines of the branchial and hepatic regions 
are longer than those of the median region. A short spine at antero- 
external angle of buccal cavity, and adjacent to it, a longer one 
on the suborbital region. Basal antennal segment armed with 3 
short spines, 1 at the antero-external angle, 1 on the inner margin, 
bordering the antennular fossa, and the third on the outer margin, 
forming part of the orbital border. 

Chelipeds of old male shorter than in emarginata or dubia; merus 
armed with a spine above near the proximal end; palm and wrist 
roughly granulate; dactylus two-thirds as long as upper margin of 
palm. 

Ambulatory legs longer and more slender than in emarginata or 
dubia, the first leg longer than the cheliped. Dactyli very long and 
slender, and almost bare, the hairy coating extending only a short 
distance from the propodus. 

Variations.—In two specimens the genital spine is almost sup- 
pressed, and the posterior of the cardiac spines is represented by a 
low elevation with a deep depression at the center, as described by 


324 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Streets. In the Port of Silan female, the median spines and the two 
innermost branchial spines are reduced to tubercles. 

Relationships.—Nearly allied to dubia but has 2 more dorsal spines 
(paired), one hepatic, the other forming the anterior end of the 
branchial rhomb. The posterior end of the supraocular eave forms 
a spine pointing sideways where it overlaps the postocular cup. 

Measurements.—Large male (48671), total length of carapace 90.3 
mm., width including spines 83 mm., width excluding spines 73.1 
mm. Type female (Mus. Phila.), total length of carapace 80.7, 
median length 78, width without spines 65 mm. 

Range.—Western Cuba; Yucatan. 

Material examined.— 

Havana, Cuba; 1871; Ramon M. Forns; 1 male, 1 female (2076, 
2077, M.. C. Z.). 

Santa Lucia, Cuba; May, 1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas 
Barrera Exped.; 1 female (47919). 

Cape Cajon, Cuba; from traps; 1914; Henderson and Bartsch, 
Tomas Barrera Exped.; 1 female (48671). 

Cuba; N. H. Bishop; received from Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.; 1 male 
(53050). 

Cuba; Guérin’s collection; T. B. Wilson; 1 male and cast shell 
(Phila. Acad.) ; labeled “inflata Sts” and is perhaps type of inflata. 

Cuba; Gundlach; 3 specimens labeled “LZ. distincta Guérin’”’ 
(Berlin Mus.). 

Off Merida, Yucatan, Mexico; A. Schott; 1 male (2169). Port of 
Silan, Yucatan; 1 adult female (Cat. No. 772, Mus. Phila. Acad. 
Nat. Sci.) 

“‘Hast Indies”; locality probably an error; T. B. Wilson; 1 female, 
holotype (Phila. Acad.). 


LIBINIA FERREIRAE Brito Capello 
Plates 118 and 119; plate 245, figs. 4 and 5 


Libinia ferreirae Brito CaprEe.uo, Jorn. Sci. Lisboa, vol. 3, No. 12, 1871, 
p. 262, pl. 3, figs. 1, la (type-locality, Brazil ‘‘provavelmente;”’ type in 
Lisbon Mus.). 

Libinia gibbosa A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 131 (type- 
locality, Desterro, Brazil; type in Paris Mus.). 

Diagnosis.—Median spines 6; branchial spines 7 or 8, in 3 rows; 
1 supero-hepatic spine. 

Description.—Carapace orbicular, except for the frontal region, and 
very convex. Length of preorbital portion between one-fifth and 
one-sixth of the remaining length. MRostral horns short and very 
divergent. Five large lateral spines, conical, acute. Dorsal surface 
well spined and tuberculate. On the gastric region, 5 sharp tubercles 
in a row and one median, farther back; the intermediate pair of the 


























THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 325 


row are smaller and may be further forward than the other 3. Four 
median spines on the posterior half, of which one is genital, 2 cardiac, 
and 1 intestinal; 8 spines in 3 subparallel rows on the branchial 
region, of which 2 small are in an almost longitudinal row near the 
cardiac region, 4 form an irregular oblique line at the summit (the 
hinder 1 may be absent or obsolescent), while 2 are further forward. 
One small spine at middle of hepatic region. Pterygostomian region 
armed with 2 large spines, the anterior much the longer; one stout 
spine or tubercle at angle of buccal cavity and one further forward 
close to the basal antennal segment; this segment has 2 tubercles or 
lobes on its outer margin. 

Measurements.—Male (?), type, length 68 mm., width 58 mm. 
(Brito Capello). Female, mature (47833), total length of carapace 
50.4, width including spines 50, excluding spines 44.2 mm. 

Range.—Brazil: States of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. 

Material examined.—Terra de Masahe, State of Rio de Janeiro; 
January, 1912; E. Garbe; received from Mus. Paulista through H. 
von Ihering; 1 female (47833). 

Santos, State of Sao Paulo; 1902; Mus. Paulista; 1 young male, 
returned to sender. 

Iguapé, State of Sao Paulo; 1902; R. Krone; received from Mus. 
Paulista, through H. von Ihering; 1 young male (47855). 


LIBINIA SPINOSA Milne Edwards 
Plates 120 and 121 


Libinia spinosa MitNeE Epwarps, in Guérin, Icon. Régne Anim., Crust., 
pl. 9, figs. 3-3b; Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 301 (type-locality, “‘les 
coétes du Brésil;’’ type in Paris Mus.).—LacersBerre, Schwed. Siidpolar 
Exped., 1901-1903, vol. 5, Lief. 7, Anom. u. Brach., 1905, p. 21. 

Libinia espinosa [error for spinosa] GufR1N, La Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, part 2, 
vol. 7, 1856, Crust., p. xii. 

Libidoclaea brasiliensis Hetuer, Crust. Reise Novara, 1865, p. 1, pl. 1, figs. 
1 and 1a (type-locality, Rio de Janeiro; type in Vienna Mus.). 


Diagnosis.—Median tubercles 7, gastric tubercles 7, lateral mar- 
ginal spines 4. A straight row of 4 spines between the posterior 
cardiac spine or tubercle and the postero-lateral marginal spine. 

Description.—Carapace in the large male orbicular, save for the 
rostrum and broader than long without rostrum. Marginal spines 
short, dorsal protuberances rather high tubercles;, all are densely 
granulated and bare at the summit. Median tubercles 7, 3 gastric, 
1 genital, 2 cardiac, and 1 intestinal, the last the most conical and 
spiniform. Marginal spines 4, the first of which is situated well on 
the hepatic region. Protogastric spines 2 (paired), situated one 
obliquely behind the other and nearer the median line, the interval 
between them being opposite the anterior median tubercle. Dorsal 
branchial spines 4; two of these form a straight, oblique line with 


326 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


the postero-lateral marginal spine and the posterior of the cardiac 
spines; the other two form a transversely oblique line near the inner 
angle of the region. A small tubercle near inner angle of hepatic 
region. 

Rostrum broad behind, diminishing to base of the short, blunt 
horns and then widening slightly. Preocular tooth strong. A sinus 
in lower margin of orbit. Two large pterygostomian spines, followed 
by a tubercle on the upturned edge of the carapace, in front of the 
cheliped; a strong, conical tooth or spine at the angle of the buccal 
cavity and a small tooth in front of it; 2 large teeth on the basal 
antennal segment, 1 at the antero-external angle and 1 on outer 
margin. 

Chelipeds of large male not quite so long as first ambulatory leg; 
a stout, subacute spine near base of merus; palm increasing consid- 
erably in width toward the fingers, which gape widely at base; 
dactylus more than half as long as upper width of palm. Ambulatory 
legs decreasing rapidly in length. 

Measurements.—Male (Ilha Victoria), total length of carapace 69.7 
mm., width including spines 65 mm. 

Color.—Deep yellowish (Heller). 

Range.—From Rio de Janeiro to Terra del Fuego (Lagerberg). 
Chile (Milne Edwards and Lucas; Nicolet, in Gay). 

Material examined.— 

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Collected by Mus. Nac. Rio; received 
from Mus. Paulista (H. von Ihering, 337); 1 ovigerous female (47826). 
1872; Hassler Exped.; 1 young (1866, M. C. Z.). 

Ilha Victoria, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 1906; Fr. Ginther, collector; lent 
by Mus. Paulista (335); 1 male. 

Cabo Santa Maria, Rocha, Uruguay; F. Felippone; 2 males, 3 
females (54625, 54633, 55770). 

Maldonado, Uruguay; T. G. Cary; 5 males, 5 females (1868, M. 
CoZiy. 

Isla de Flores, Uruguay; F. Felippone; 1 male (55771). 

Arroyo Pantanoso, Bay of Montevideo, Uruguay; F. Felippone; 
1 male (44689), 1 ovigerous female (44690). 

Rio de la Plata, below Monte Video, Uruguay; 7 fathoms; Hassler 
Exped.; 4 young (1867, M. C. Z.); identified by A. Milne Edwards. 

Argentina; off Rio de la Plata; lat. 36° 47’ 00’’ S.; long. 
56° 23’ 00’’ W.; 1014 fathoms; S. brk. Sh.; Jan. 12, 1888; station 
2766, Albatross; 1 young male, 1 young female (21918). 

Port San Antonio, Patagonia; Feb., 1872; Hassler Exped.; 4 males 
(1869, M. C. Z.). 

San Matias Bay, Patagonia; Hassler Exped.; 1 immature female 
(2050, M. C. Z.). 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 327 


LIBINIA SETOSA Lockington 
Plate 243 

Libinia canaliculata? LocxineTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 
(1877), p. 67 [5]. 

Libinia affinis? Lock1neaTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), 
p. 67 [5]. 

Libinia setosa LocKINGTON, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), 
p. 68 [6] (type-locality, San Bartolomé Bay, Lower California; type not 
extant).—RatTuBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 238, pl. 28; 
vol. 21, 1898, p. 574. 

Libinia semizonale STREETS, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 7, 1877, p. 103 (type- 
locality, Lower California; holotype, Cat. No. 2300, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—Rostrum ascending, channeled below. Median spines 
of carapace 8; 2 superhepatic spines; a rhomb of 4 on branchial region. 

Description.—Carapace broadly pyriform, its width less than the 
postfrontal length. Rostrum ascending, not widened at the extrem- 
ity, emarginate, forming two shallow teeth which are shorter in old 
than in young; rostrum arched from side to side, bordered with a 
fringe of hair, and forming with the rather rigid antennae which are 
similarly fringed, an expiratory channel. 

Median spines 8, of which 4 are gastric, 1 genital, 2 cardiac and 1 
intestinal; a single spine on each side of the anterior gastric spine; 
2 marginal spines, | branchial, the other subhepatic; 4 dorsal branchial 
spines, of which 2 form a slightly curved line with the marginal spine 
and the posterior cardiac spine, and the other 2 are in line with the 
genital spine. A prominent preocular spine. Two hepatic spines, 
one above the other; a subbranchial spine, below the epimeral suture. 
A small spine or two on either side above the postlateral margin. Two 
stout pterygostomian spines, the posterior one very blunt; a spine at 
antero-external angle of basal antennal segment; a spine just behind 
the outer margin of that segment. 

Chelipeds of old male much longer than ambulatory legs, stout, 
finely granulate; palm not widening much toward fingers; dactylus 
2% as long as upper margin of palm; fingers gaping in basal half. 
Legs stout and rather short. 

Variations.—In the old the spines are small, or reduced to sharp 
tubercles or, as in the case of the postlateral tubercles, obsolete. In 
the young, 18 mm. or less in length, 11 spines are very long and the rest 
small; the long spines are 3 median (penultimate gastric, anterior 
cardiac and intestinal), and 4 branchial (paired) forming 2 transverse 
lines on the carapace; posterior gastric spine wanting. 

Measurements.—Largest male (19523), total length of carapace 95 
mm., total width 75.6 mm. . 

Range.—Lower California, Mexico, where so far as known it has 
been taken only on the west coast. 





328 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
Material examined.— 


MEXICO: LOWER CALIFORNIA 


Dr. Thomas H. Streets, U. S. N.; 1 male (2300), holotype of 
Lnbinia semizonale Streets. 

Playa Maria Bay; August 24, 1896; A. W. Anthony; 5 large males 
(19523). 

Santa Maria Bay; March 18, 1911; in boat dredge; Albatross; 8 
voung (47113). 

Abreojos Point; July 31, 1922; G. D. Hanna, California Academy 
Expedition; 7 males, 3 females (Cal. Acad.); 1 male, 1 female (56853). 

Off Abreojos Point; lat. 26°-42’ 30’’ N.; long. 113° 34’ 15” W.; 
514 fathoms; gn. M.; May 4, 1888; station 2835, Albatross; 1 young 
female (21917). 

Magdalena Bay; May 2, 1888; Albatross: Lat. 24° 38’ 00’’ N.; long. 
112° 17’ 30’ W.; 51 fathoms; gn. M.; temp. 56.4° F.; station 2832; 2 
yous (20915) Date 24°38" (00 Ni Tonge! T12°) KA 30T WE eat 
fathoms; gn. M.; station 2833; 2 young (21916). Lat. 24° 32’ 00” 
N.; long. 111° 59’ 00’’ W.; 12 fathoms; fne. gy. S.; station 2831; 19 
young (21914). 

Magdalena Bay: 1917; C. R. Orcutt; 1 male (50628). Hassler Kx- 
ped.; 1 young female (1871, M. C. Z.). 


LIBINIA MEXICANA Rathbun 


Plate 244, fig. 1 


Libinia mexicana RatTuBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 242, 
pl. 31, fig. 3 (type-locality, Gulf of California, station 3029, Albatross; 
holotype, Cat. No. 16072, U.S.N.M.). 

Piagnosis.—Carapace of young with 12 long spines behind the or- 
bits. Median spines 6. A long hepatic spine. ; 

Description of young male.—Pubescence short, stout, vesicular. 
Carapace pyriform, much narrower (exclusive of spines) than the 
postfrontal length. Median spines 6: 2 gastric, long, 1 genital, short, 
2 cardiac, the anterior short, posterior long, and 1 intestinal, long. 
Two long marginal spines, 1 hepatic, 1 branchial and a small spinule 
or tubercle on the postlateral margin. A short gastric spine either 
side of the anterior median spine; 2 long dorsal branchial spines 
arranged in an obliquely longitudinal line. Preocular eave armed 
with a rather long, suberect spine. Rostrum horizontal, slightly con- 
stricted at middle, horns occupying nearly half its length, tapering, 
acute. Two pterygostomian protuberances, the anterior a conical, 
acute spine, the posterior a tubercle. A sharp conical spine occupies 
the anterior margin of the basal antennal segment. An open sinus 
in lower margin of orbit. 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 329 


Measurements.—Young male, holotype, total length of carapace 
from posterior margin 13.3, width without spines 7.5, with spines 11.2 
mm. 

Range.—Known only from the type-locality and unique specimen 
from the Gulf of California, off Shoal Point, Mexico, near the mouth of 
the Colorado River, lat. 31° 33’ 00’’ N.; long. 114° 20’ 30’’ W., 101% 
fathoms, fne. gy. S. brk. Sh., Mar. 26, 1889, station 3029, Albatross, 1 
young male (16072). 

Remarks.—Diflers from all other species in the long, horizontal, 
hepatic spine. 

LIBINIA ROSTRATA Bell 


Plate 122, fig. 2; plate 242 


Libinia rostrata Brut, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 169 
(type-locality, ‘“‘ad oras Peruviae’’; type not extant); Trans. Zool. Soc. 
London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 42, pl. 8, fig. 3. 

Diagnosis.—Rostrum with long, wide-spread horns. Arms with 
longitudinal rows of tubercles and spines. Three enlarged tubercles 
in gape at base of fingers. 

Description (after Bell).—Carapace almost globose, regions much 
elevated, with numerous strong spines and tubercles, one longer than 
the rest standing out horizontally on each branchial region. Antero- 
lateral margin with 3 spines, while a fourth behind them forms the 
commencement of a flattened ridge extending backwards to the pos- 
terior margin. [These are undoubtedly submarginal, chiefly ptery- 
gostomian spines.] Orbits with a strong preocular spine. Rostrum 
very prominent, flattened, terminating in 2 strong divergent spines. 

Chelipeds of male twice as long as body; arms furnished with 
numerous obtuse spines [disposed in 3 rows, according to figure]; 
wrists tuberculate; hands granulate; fingers touching each other only 
at the rather acute points. 

According to Bell’s figure, the arrangement of the dorsal protuber- 
ances is as follows: A transverse row of 5 tubercles on the anterior 
gastric region, with another median tubercle closely in advance; on 
the mesogastric region-a small diamond of 4 tubercles placed length- 
wise. Three other median tubercles, namely, genital, anterior car- 
diac, and intestinal. On the posterior half of the branchial region 
two longitudinal rows, the inner row of 2 tubercles, the outer row of 
3 spines; on the anterior branchial region a triangle of 3 tubercles. 
The rostral horns are so widespread that the width between their tips 
is more than one and one-half times the width at base of rostrum. 
On the basal half of the fingers in the gape there are 2 tubercles on 
the dactylus and between them one on the fixed finger; distal half 
of prehensile edges crenulate. The first ambulatory leg is not much 
longer than the carapace. 


330 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Notes on a specimen from Brazil in the museum at Philadelphia.—lit 
appears to be the same species. Although a little larger than the 
type, the chelipeds are not fully developed, the arm spines less strong, 
the enlarged tubercles on the fingers almost lackmg. Only 5 median 
spines: 2 gastric, 1 genital, 1 cardiac, and 1 intestinal. Behind the 
cardiac spine there is a crater-like tubercle. On the gastric region 
are various spinules, mostly irregularly placed; between the anterior 
gastric spine and the right spine of the row of 3 (not 5) there is a 
small spine or spinule situated nearer the median spine; immediately 
behind the median spine and a little to the left there is a spinule; 
behind the posterior gastric spine there is a cluster of 6 spinules, of 
which all are irregularly placed save 2; those 2 make an equilateral 
triangle with the median spime. A dorsal hepatic spine. Only 1 
really marginal branchial spine, that at postero-lateral angle; between 
it and the lateral gastric spine there is a wavy line of 3 spines; on the 
inner portion of branchial region there js a right-angled triangle formed 
of 3spines. Rostrum inclined downward; horns more spreading than 
in Bell’s figure; distance between tips 10.4 mm., or twice the width 
at base of rostrum. Preorbital spines slenderer and more outstand- 
ing than in Bell’s figure. Three strong pterygostomian spines, as in 
the type, and at the beginning of the true marginal rim that runs 
around the postero-lateral and posterior margin. Three short spines 
on the basal antennal article, one at antero-internal angle, very blunt 
and lobiform, one acute at antero-external angle, and one a little 
stouter, on lateral margin. Five spines on upper side of arm, the 
one at the distal articulation smallest; a row of six small tubercles 
on outer surface; a few tubercles on proximal end of wrist. 

An adult female from the Canal Zone measures 66.3 mm. long, 
58.7 mm. wide, including spines, 47.8 mm. wide, excluding spines. 
It agrees with the Brazilian specimen in most characters; it has, how- 
ever, a tubercle behind the second gastric spe. Horns spreading 
nearly as in Bell’s figure. Chelipeds weak, upper half of surface of 
merus and carpus rough with many tubercles. . 

Measurements.—Male type (Bell), total length of carapace 2 inches 
8 lines (71.1 mm.), width 2 inches 3 lines (58.42 mm.). Male (Brazil), 
median length 70.4, total length 77.5, width without spines 59.4, with 
spines 66 mm. 

Color.—Of hair light brown; body itself paler (Bell). 

Range.—Peru, 5 fathoms, soft mud; Panama (Atlantic side); 
Brazil. 

Material examined.— 

Toro Point, Canal Zone, Panama; January 25, 1912; Meek and 
Hildebrand, Smithson. Biol. Surv.; 1 adult female (56536). 

Brazil; T. B. Wilson; 1 adult male (Phila. Acad.). 











a SaEESeREEnEEnEieaeeen 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 331 


Genus LISSA Leach 


Lissa Leacu, Zool. Misc., vol. 2, 1815, p. 69; type, L. chiragra (Fabricius). 
Lissula RarinesquE, Amer. Monthly Mag., vol. 3, Aug. 1818, p. 272; 
substituted for Lissa Leach. 


Carapace triangular, very convex; surface very uneven; meso- 
gastric region especially elevated; from it a more or less interrupted 
ridge extends to the postero-lateral angle; sides of gastric and 
branchial regions steep. Preocular tooth or spine present. Rostrum 
suboblong, flattened, inclined downward, sometimes deeply divided 
by a closed median fissure, extremity truncate, its outer ends forming 
a small lateral lobe or tooth. Orbit with a superior and an inferior 
closed fissure; eyes when retracted fitting into an inconspicuous cup- 
shaped postorbital lobe. Basal article of antennae much enlarged, 
its distal margin united with supraocular eave. Inner half or three- 
fifths of ischium of outer maxillipeds strongly advanced; merus sub- 
triangular, dilated outwardly; a very shallow sinus at articulation 
of palpus. Chelipeds stout, palm compressed, enlarged, sometimes 
carinate; fingers gaping at base in the male. Ambulatory legs of 
moderate length, decreasing rapidly in size from the first to the last, 
either cristate or nodose; dactyli unarmed. 

Inhabits both coasts of middle America, from Lower California to 
the Galapagos Islands, and from the Bahamas to the West Indies; 
also the Mediterranean. 


KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS LISSA 


A!. Branchial ridges not deeply divided, but rather sharp and tuberculate or 


granulate. 
B'. Postero-lateral margin simply concave. Outer margins of hepatic regions 
GIVER Sine MOSTERLOnL yrs Se eaten Seok ote ee ee aurivilliusi, p. 333. 
B?. Postero-lateral margin sinuous. Outer margins of hepatic regions 
Parsileleele Sek Tee I ee Le eee bicarinata, p. 332. 


A?. Branchial ridges divided into two rounded lobes. 
B!. Carapace granulate on the protuberances, nearly smooth elsewhere. 
At anterior angles of front a tooth less advanced than the submedian 
Wpae sess aca Eire A ar te ee aie Eo kN tuberosa, p. 333. 
B?. Carapace everywhere granulate. At anterior angles of front, a small 
curved spine, more advanced than the submedian lobes. 
brasiliensis, p. 335. 


ANALOGOUS SPECIES OF LISSA ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT 
Atlantic Pacific 
bicarinaia. aurivilliusi. 
brasiliensis. tuberosa. 


332 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


LISSA BICARINATA Aurivillius 
Plate 73, figs. 3 and 4 


Lissa bicarinata AuRIVILLIUS, Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand., vol. 23, No. 4, 
1889, p. 54 (type-locality, St. Barthelemy; type in Stockholm Mus.).— 
RatTuHBuN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 255; 
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 64. 

Diagnosis.—Branchial ridge narrow; postero-lateral margin sinu- 
ous; outer margins of hepatic regions parallel. 

Description.—Carapace with two rounded median prominences, 
one gastric and one cardiac, the former much larger and higher. 
From the gastric prominence two ridges run divergently backward 
to the postero-lateral angles of carapace. Both the median promi- 
nences and ridges are indistinctly tuberculate. Posterior outline 
arcuate and separated from the blunt postero-lateral angles by a 
broad rounded sinus. Sides of branchial and gastric regions steep. 
Outer margin of branchial region with a broad and shallow tooth at 
its middle. Outer margins of hepatic regions almost parallel. 
Rostrum wide, deflexed, subtruncate, widening at extremity, which 
is four-lobed; median lobes rounded and separated by a narrow 
U-shaped fissure; outer lobes smaller, blunt, slightly less advanced 
than median. Upper surface of rostrum slightly concave in a 
longitudinal direction. There is a short, acuminate preorbital spine 
directed obliquely upward. Legs furnished with triangular laminate 
crests. 

Measurements.—Ovigerous female (24120), length of carapace 9.5, 
width 9.2 mm. Type female (Aurivillius, in letter), length of 
carapace 7, width 8, length of rostrum 2 mm. 

Range.—Bahama Banks to St. Bartholomew, Leeward Islands; 
toa depth of 1214 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Bahama Banks; Biol. Exped. State Univ. Lowa, 1893; 1 female 
(Mus. 8. U.TI.). 

Porto Rico: Mayaguez Harbor; customhouse, NE. } E., 44 miles; 
4 to 6 fathoms; Co.; temp. 68° F.; January 20, 1899; station 6065, 
Fish Hawk; 1 ovigerous female (24120). 

Off Vieques Island; Point Mula Lighthouse, E. by N., 103 miles; 
1214 fathoms; Co.; temp. 27° C.; February 14, 1899; station 6095, 
Fish Hawk; 1 female (24121). 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 333 


LISSA AURIVILLIUSI Rathbun 
Plate 246, fig. 2 


Lissa aurivilliusi Ratapun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 575, 
pl. 41, fig. 4 (type-locality, off Cape St. Lucas, 31 fathoms; holotype, 
Cat. No. 21575, U.S.N.M.); Proce. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, 
p. 284. 


Diagnosis.—Branchial ridge narrow; postero-lateral margin con- 
cave; one crest on carpus of first three pairs of ambulatory legs. 

Description.—Gastric prominence small, angular; oblique ridges 
leading from it sharp, finely tuberculate, with only a shallow tooth at 
middle in place of the round knob in L. tuberosa and terminating in a 
raised tooth at postero-lateral angle. Cardiac hump small, median 
ridge extending back from it narrow. Lateral margins tuberculate, 
a shallow tooth at middle and one farther back. Postero-lateral 
margin with a shallow sinus extending its whole length. Median 
notch of front shallow, outer teeth prominent. 

Chelipeds much as in L. tuberosa. Ambulatory legs with only one 
crest on the carpus of the first three pairs, the anterior crest of L. 
tuberosa being represented by a tooth. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 12.5, width 13 
mm. Immature female, length of carapace 9.8, width 10 mm. 

Range.—West coast of Lower California, Mexico; Galapagos 
Islands. To a depth of 31 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Magdalena Bay, Lower California; lat. 24° 32’ 00’’ N.; long. 111° 
59’ 00’’ W.; 12 fathoms; fne. gy. S.; May 2, 1888; station 2831, 
Albatross; 1 female (21928). 

Lower California; off Cape St. Lucas; lat. 22° 52’ 00’’ N.; long. 
109° 55’ 00’’ W.; 31 fathoms; rky.; temp. 74.1° F.; May 1, 1888; 
station 2829, Albatross; 1 male holotype (21575). 

Galapagos Islands; reef N. of Tagus Hill, Tagus Cove, Albemarle 
Island; Mar. 16, 1899; Stanford Univ.; 1 male (25674). 


LISSA TUBEROSA Rathbun 
Plate 246, fig. 1 


Lissa tuberosa RatTaBun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 574, pl. 
41, fig. 3 (type-locality, southern part of Gulf of California, 8 fathoms; 
holotype, Cat. No. 21574, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—Carapace nodose; two large branchial protuberances; 
postero-lateral margin sinuous; two crests on carpus of ambulatory 
legs. 

Description.—Surface covered with a dense, short, vascular pubes- 
cence. Carapace with two median tuberculated prominences, gastric 
higher than cardiac, which is continued along median line to pos- 
terior margin. Ridge running obliquely backward from gastric prom- 


5487—257 


| 
- 





334 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


inence almost entirely occupied by two protuberances, one at its mid- 
dle and one at postero-lateral angle of carapace, which presents a 
rounded or obliquely truncate outline. Sinus of postero-lateral margin 
more shallow than in L. bicarinata. Margin of hepatic region with a 
tubercle; of branchial region with several tubercles and a blunt tooth 
at middle. Hepatic region nearly vertical. Front with a shallow 
median emargination, from which the margin slopes obliquely back- 
ward or is aimost transverse; outer cor- 
ners with a slight tooth, most produced 
in the young. Preorbital tooth subacute 
or obtuse. 

Chelipeds heavy in male; ischium with 
tooth on inner margin; merus with triden- 
tate crest on superior margin; carpus with 
surface uneven, tubercle at inner angle. 
Hands broad, compressed, widening dis- 
tally, inner surface tuberculate; lower 
margin of propodus with a sinus near’its 
middle; dactylus with acute upper mar- 
gin; fingers gaping for basal half. Chel- 
Fic. 107.—Lissa TuBERosa (21927),mMax- ipeds of female much smaller. - Legs 

poebeet tio F cristate; crest of merus with a thin 
triangular tooth at distal end; carpus with two triangular crests side 
by side, divergent, forming a cup; propodus with a triangular superior 
crest, a tubercle on anterior and posterior surfaces, and with swellings 
at articulation with dactylus. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length 16.9, width 15.8 mm. 
Female (21925), length 14.1, width 14.5 mm; female, (21927), length 
12.3, width 11.5 mm. 

Range.—Southern part of Gulf of California. 7 to 10 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 





Gulf of California; April 30, 1888; Albatross: Lat. 24° 22’ 30” | 
N.; long. 110° 19’ 30’’ W.; 8 fathoms; brk. Sh.; station 2824; 2 males, | 


1 ischolotype (21574). "Tiat) 24°°2274 5° N.; long: 110° 19) Ls4-We; 


7 fathoms; brk. Co.; station 2825; 1 male, 1 female (21925). Lat. 


24° 12’ 00’’ N.; long. 109° 55’ 00’’ W.; 91% fathoms; Sh.; station 


2826; 1 female (21926). Lat. 24° 11’ 30’’ N.; long. 109° 55’ 00’’ W.; | 


10 fathoms; Sh.; station 2828; 1 male, 3 females (21927). 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 335 


LISSA BRASILIENSIS Rathbun 
Plate 73, fig. 2 


Lissa brasiliensis RaTHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 14, 1923, 
p. 4 (type-locality, off Cape Frio, Brazil; 35 fathoms; Hassler Exped.; 
holotype, female, Cat. No. 2055, M. C. Z.). 
Diagnosis.—Carapace nodose; two large branchial protuberances; 
surface rough with granules; front strongly widened anteriorly. 
Deseription.—Carapace hairy and granulate, the granules separ- 
ated except on the summit of the protuberances where they are 
larger and more or less confluent. The protuberances are arranged 
as in L. tuberosa, but the terminal protuberance of the branchial 
ridge is more transverse and the posterior, deflected portion of the 
carapace is broader, its margin more arcuate. Two small antero- 
lateral teeth, one hepatic, one branchial. Rostrum with surface 
concave from side to side, widening distally, anterior margin in the 
form of a cupid’s bow, with a small median emargination and the 
outer angles directed upward in a stout, curved, blunt spine. 
Only one crest on the carpus of the chelipeds, and a small tubercle 
outside the crest; two crests on the carpus of the ambulatory legs. 
Measurements.—Female, holotype, length of carapace 16.6, width 
15mm. 


Range.—Known only from the type-specimen. 


Subfamily MAJINAE 
Maiinae Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, pp. 161, 166 and 
236. 
Mamaiidae Steseine, Marine Invest. 8. Africa, vol. 4, Cape Town, 1905, 
p. 22. 

Eyes either (1) with orbits, which may be incomplete or complete, 
but are always complete enough to entirely conceal the fully re- 
tracted cornea from dorsal view; or (2) but partially protected by a 
huge hornlike or antlerlike supraocular spine, or by a large jagged 
postocular tooth or by both. The eyestalks are usually long. 

The orbit, when present, is formed in one of two ways; there is 
always an arched, often very strongly arched, supraocular eave, 
and a prominent postocular spine; and either (1) the interval be- 
tween the eave and the spine is filled by another spine, in which case 
the roof of the orbit, though fissured is fairly complete; or (2) the 
supraocular eave and the postocular spine are in contact with one 
another above, and below with a process of the basal antennal 
article, in which case the orbit has not only a complete or nearly 
complete roof, but a complete or nearly complete floor also. 

The basal antennal article is always very broad, and is either very 
extensively produced outwards to aid in forming the floor of the 
orbit, or is armed distally with one or two large spines. 


336 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


The external maxillipeds have the merus at least as wide as the 
ischium. (Alcock.) 


KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY MAJINAE. 


A!, Eyes furnished with orbits, complete or fairly so. 

B'. Orbit formed (1) by a supraocular hood, the postero-external angle of 
which is often produced as a spine, (2) by a sharp postocular tooth and 
(3) by a spine intercalated between the two. Basal antennal article 
broad but not specially produced to form a floor to the orbit; usually 
armed at both its anterior angles with a strong spine. 

C!. Cardiac lobe not surrounded by a deep trench. 
D!'. Carapace broadly ovate-triangular. Basal antennal article very 
broad, three-spined. Rostral horns each with an _ accessory 
Splines sath ga tark dpe ESP ale Rel api date aa Maiopsis, p. 337. 
D?. Carapace oblong-triangular. Basal antennal article of moderate 
width, two-spined. Rostral horns simple----- Paramithrax, p. 338. 
32. Cardiac lobe surrounded by a deep trench except anteriorly. Carapace 
NATFOWSUDOVale Suen tney Stee eee 2k Temnonotus, p. 340. 

B?. Orbits completely enclosed, often outstanding and tubular, and formed 
(1) by an arched supraocular hood or semi-tubular horn, (2) by a hol- 
lowed postocular process and (3) by a remarkable broadening, or by a 
prolongation, of the anterior part of the basal antennal article; and at 
the same time affording a complete concealment to the retracted eye. 

C!. Orbits not projecting sideways beyond the general outline of the cara- 
pace. 

D!. Carapace oblong-oval, hairy. Legs and movable articles of peduncle 
of antennae narrow and bordered with thick fringes of long hair. 
Dactyls of legs very small, subprehensile. Rostral horns long and 
TUAUTTO NVR Sek meee A da ah a A gh a Thersandrus, p. 3438. 

D?. Carapace subtriangular. Legs cristate. 

E'!. Merus of ambulatory legs with a thin, lamellate, posterior expansion. 
No preorbital tooth. 
F!. Carapace very high on median line. Basal article of antennae 
broaden sthian (ong ALOR s 10) MNANLRS 2 eae ON el te Hemus, p. 345. 
F?. Carapace not noticeably high on median line, lobulate. Basal 
article of antennae no broader than long___-- Thoe, p. 347. 
E?. Merus without posterior (or inferior) expansion, but cristate above. 
AY preorbital tooth presentss— ssa — se see Teleophrys, p. 440. 
C*. Orbits projecting sideways more or less beyond the general outline of the 
carapace, and often tubular. 

D!. A very long, elevated, preocular spine, twice as long as remainder of 
orbit. Legs filiform; movable article of antennal peduncle more 
slender and@ucviinadmical es ivy se ee ee Picroceroides, p. 353. 

D?. Preocular spine, when present, not remarkably long. 

E!. Carapace suboval, anteriorly broadly truncate. Rostrum minute, 
advanced slightly, if at all, beyond the orbits, which have a 
forward aspect. First movable article of antennal peduncle with 
arleaflike outer expansion: ii<e_ 44). 4328 “deities Pitho, p. 355. 

E?. Carapace when suboval, without a minute rostrum. 

F!. Fronto-orbital width great, about three-fourths of branchial 
width. Orbits with a sideways aspect. Rostral horns slender, 
contiguous. Movable articles of antennal peduncle filiform. 

Leptopisa, p. 375. 

F?. Fronto-orbital width less than in F,! usually about half, or less 

than half, of branchial width. 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 337 


G!. Rostrum small. Carapace ovate, usually broader than long. 
Orbits not tubular. 
H!, Lateral margins of carapace laminiform, coarsely dentate. 
Carapace broadly triangular-ovate. Chelipeds and legs 
cristate above. Orbital margin not incised, bearing a 
preocular spine and a postocular tooth. Anaptychus, p. 377. 
H?. Lateral margins armed with four, or three, spines or lobes 
behind orbit. Legs spinous. Orbital margin spinous or 
ULLD CLC ULOUS es =e ee ee ey re eet ts ae Mithrax, p. 379. 
G?. Rostrum of good size, usually with two strong horns. 

H!. Lateral margin of carapace armed with a series of strong 

spines. Basal antennal article very broad. 
J’, Basal antennal article quadridentate. Postocular tooth 
large, quadrangular, armed with two teeth or spines. 
Coelocerus, p. 446. 
J?. Basal antennal article armed with fewer than four spines 
or teeth. Postocular tooth of moderate size, triangular, 
armed with only one spine__------- Stenocionops, p. 448. 
H?. Lateral margin of carapace not armed with a series of strong 
spines, but with a spine, usually strong, or a tubercle, at 

the lateral angle of the carapace. 

J', Orbits tubular, strongly projecting; basal antennal article 
Very: PrOamaitaeeess Shs a eee eee Macrocoeloma, p. 463. 
J?. Orbits little projecting, basal antennal article moderately 
broad, armed with a prominent spine at antero-external 
Ey Fd Kei Sh <a a in et To a Microphrys, p. 488. 
A?. Eyes partially protected by a huge hornlike supraocular spine; orbit unpro- 
tected below. Exognath of outer maxilliped with a falciform basal pro- 
longation which is bent around forward and lodged in a groove of the 
ischium of the endognath, while the merus is extended in a similar way 
backwardvintosthe:ischigm,._* 2 \2\s2 Ave a Wt oe Tyche, p. 507. 


Genus MAIOPSIS Faxon 


Maiopsis Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 24, 1893, p. 150; type, M. 
panamensis Faxon; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 18, 1895, p. 11. 
Carapace subtriangular, as broad as long, spinose; rostrum pro- 
duced into 2 divergent horns with an accessory spine on outer mar- 
gins; interorbital space broad. Eyes small, eyestalks slender, 
retractile within orbits. Orbits large, with a forward aspect, incom- 
plete below, upper margin prominent, with 2 deep fissures, and 
supraocular spines. Epistome short. Basal segment of antennae 
very broad, 3 prominent spines on anterior margin; flagellum widely 
separated from cavity of orbit by a broad process of basal segment. 
Merus of outer maxillipeds notched at antero-internal angle. Cheli- 
peds and legs of moderate length. Carpus of chelipeds elongate, not 
carinate; chela elongate, slender, fingers canaliculate within, but not 
spoon-shaped at tips, prehensile edges meeting throughout most of 
their length, not distinctly toothed. Ambulatory legs spinose. 
Abdomen of male 7-jointed, terminal joint short and broad. (Faxon.) 
Contains but one species. 


3388 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


MAIOPSIS PANAMENSIS Faxon 
Plate 247 


Maiopsis panamensis Faxon, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 24, 1893, p. 151 
(type-locality, station 3355, Albatross, 182 fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 
4480, M. C. Z.); Mem. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 18, 1895, p. 13, pl. 2. 


Diagnosis.—Carapace thickly covered with spines. Eyestalks 
slender; orbits with 2 deep fissures above. Basal segment of antennae 
very broad, and with 3 anterior spines. 

Description.—Dorsal surface of carapace thickly set with spines of 
various sizes and scattered hooked setae. Spines distributed as fol- 
lows: 5 on the gastric region, 1 on the genital, 1 on the cardiac, 4 on 
the intestinal, and about 7 on each branchial region. Margin of 
carapace armed with 12 prominent spines, 3 of which are on the 
hepatic region. Chelipeds and legs covered with numerous spiny 
tubercles; meri armed with 3 or more prominent spines at distal end. 
Chela long and slender, tubercles of hand smaller than on other parts 
of legs; fingers nearly smooth; a deep pit at base of movable finger. 
Sternum ornamented with small tubercles along each side of abdo- 
men. First abdominal segment furnished with a bidentate tubercle. 
(Faxon.) 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length from base of rostrum to 
posterior margin of carapace, 112; width 113.5; length of rostrum 22, 
length of horns 11, width between eyebrows 38, length of cheliped 
156 mm. 

Range.—Known only from the unique specimen dredged in the 
Bay of Panama; lat. 7° 12’ 20’’ N.; long. 80° 55’ 00’’ W.; 182 fath- 
oms; bk. G. Sh.; temp. 54.1° F.; Feb. 23, 1891; 1 male (Cat. No- 
£4805 M C. Z:), 


Genus PARAMITHRAX Milne Edwards 


Paramithrax Miune Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 324 
(part: §A); type, P. peronii Milne Edwards.—Mrkrs, Journ. Linn. Soc. 
London, vol. 14, 1879, p. 655 (part: subgenus Paramithraz, restrict- 
ed).—RatueBun, Biol. Results ‘‘Endeavour,’’ 1909-14, vol. 5, part 1, 
LOM Saye lige 


Carapace oblong-triangular, usually spinous above. Rostrum 
composed of two spines divergent from their base. Orbits large, deep, 
oval, with a forward aspect, incomplete below, upper margin promi- 
nent, with two deep fissures and long spines. The eyes when re- 
tracted are concealed; stalks rather long, slender, curved, corneae small. 
Postorbital spine conical, usually remote from orbit so that the eye 
does not touch it. Basal article of antennae much enlarged, armed 
with spines; movable portion arising within orbital margin and 
separated from the cavity of the orbit by a narrow process of the 
basal article. Anterior margin of buccal cavity straight or nearly so. 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 339 


Merus of outer maxillipeds notched at antero-internal angle. Cheli- 
peds strong; fingers pointed. Ambulatory legs cylindrical; dactyls 
unarmed. 

Inhabits for the most part Australia, New Zealand and outlying 
islands. One species only is found in American waters, at Juan 
Fernandez, Chile. 


PARAMITHRAX BACKSTROMI Balss 
Plate 123 


Paramithrax peronit LENZ, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. 5, 1902, p. 756; not P. peroniz 
of Milne Edwards and other authors. 

Paramithrax bdckstrémi Bauss, Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez, vol. 3, 1923, 
p. 336, text-fig. 3 (type-locality, Masatierra, Juan Fernandez). 


Diagnosis.—Near P. peronii Milne Edwards,** but with a strong, 
preorbital spine, only 3 median spines and 3 branchial spines and a 
rougher cheliped. 

Description.—A small crab. Carapace covered with curled hairs, 
finely granulate and armed with a few spines; of the median spines 
2 are mesogastric, 1 intestinal; 2 pairs of submedian spines, 1 pair 
cardiac, the other on the posterior margin. Supraocular eave pro- 
vided with a strong anterior and a small posterior spine; this is 
followed by a longer spine which is half as long as the postorbital 
spine; the latter has a lobe or tooth on its outer margin and is den- 
ticulate on inner margin. Two marginal hepatic spines, subequal, 
directed outward; followed by a small branchial spine, and at the 
widest part of the carapace by a strong spine; another similar spine 
above postero-lateral margin. Rostral horns very divergent, acumi- 
nate. Basal article of antenna with a large, flat, falciform tooth or 
lobe at outer angle and a small, sharp tooth at inner angle; inner 
margin denticulate. Flagellum extending for half its length beyond 
rostrum. ‘Two sharp spines on the eye, one anterior, on the edge of 
cornea, the other superior, overlapping cornea. 

Merus of outer maxillipeds subquadrate, with the inner, distal 
angle deeply notched, a tooth at outer angle of notch; palpus long 
and stout. 4 

Merus and carpus of chelipeds ornamented with flat lobes or teeth; 
about 6 of these form a superior border on the merus; and 5 smaller 
lobes mark the lower-outer border; inner and outer surfaces unevenly 
granulate. On the carpus 3 or 4 lobes form a continuous crest 
above; only 1 lobe below; inner and outer surfaces uneven, the 
outer having 2 large tubercles. Upper carina of palm sharp, distally 
wanting. Fingers crenulate within, moderately gaping, no large 
basal tooth. Ambulatory legs slender, covered with curled hair; 
distal articulations of merus acute, in first pair spiniform. 


4 Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 324. 


340 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Measurements.—Largest male, holotype, median length of carapace 
16.3, length from middle of posterior margin to tip of horns 20.8, 
width (approx.) without spines 12.8, with spines 14 mm. Female, 
ovigerous (55121), length of carapace from middle of posterior margin 
to tip of horns 12.3 mm. 

Range.—Chile: Juan Fernandez (Lenz). 

Material examined.—Juan Fernandez Island; 
U.S. C. S. S. Hassler; 12 males, 6 females 
(2048, M. C. Z.); 1 male, 1 female (55121, 
U0 4N2 Mo. 

Remarks.—This species is closely allied to 
P. peronii and some of its differences might 
be attributed to growth change. On the other 
hand, the preorbital spine would be unlikely 
to disappear altogether, or one of the large 
branchial spines to develop where there was 
no trace of one in the young. Considering 
the great distance between their habitats, the 
ailipeiecette uhetods © anad g C ERODE in the size of mature specimens 

STROMI, MALE (55121), Mepian (Mature specimens of peronw are from 55 to 
TENTS Of CAkarAce 16-3.4é- 80 mm. .in, lenoth, of beckstroms from 2 bo, 20) 
MAXILLIPED ; t 
mm.), and the fact that some spines in bdck- 
stromt are absent in peronti, while the reverse is true of other spines, 
it seems reasonable to consider the two forms distinct. P. backstrémi 
has a more oblong, less ovate carapace than peronii, increased by the 
more outstanding rostral and preorbital spines. All the spines except 
the postorbital, hepatic, anterior branchial and outer antennal, are 
slenderer and sharper than in the older species. Add to this, the 
more elaborate ornamentation of arm and wrist in béckstrémi and the 
absence of a large tooth from the dactyl, while one is present in 
peroni. 





Genus TEMNONOTUS A. Milne Edwards 


Temnonotus A. Mitnr Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 82; type, T- 
granulosus A. Milne Edwards. 

Carapace swollen, slightly pyriform; margins rounded. Cardiac 
region almost surrounded by a deep trench. Rostrum formed of 2 
short horns in the middle and a preorbital spine on either side. The 
orbital border has a superior fissure; eyes large and retractile into a 
deep lateral fossette. Inner antennae large, the interantennular 
partition prolonged in*a spine. Basal article of outer antennae 
wide at base and narrowed at extremity, and separated from lower 
orbital margin of the carapace by an emargination; it is concealed 
by the front, but the mobile part of the antennae is visible beside 
the rostral horns. Merus of outer maxillipeds dilated at outer 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 341 


angle, and notched at its inner angle for insertion of the palp. Legs 
short, first considerably longer than the others. 
Known only from the West Indies. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS TEMNONOTUS 


A!. Cardiac lobe flat, granulous; walls of cardiac trench bordered by a raised 


TINS = ea Ar EE ee hin ee pe ee granulosus, female, p. 341. 
A?. Cardiac lobe convex, smooth save for one granule, and with hairy margin; 
walls of cardiac trench not rimmed____.-_-----.--- simplex, male, p. 342. 


TEMNONOTUS GRANULOSUS A. Milne Edwards 
Plate 249, figs. 7-9 


Temnonotus granulosus A. M1unNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 83, 
pl. 17, figs. 2-2c (type-locality, near Barbados, 100 fathoms, Hassler 
Exped.; holotype, Cat. No. 1937, M. C. Z.).—A. Minne Epwarps and 
Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 47, 1923, p. 392. 

Diagnosis.— Cardiac lobe flat, granulous, walls of trench with raised 
rim. Branchial region granulous, a few of the granules enlarged. 

Description of female.—Carapace covered with large granules or 
tubercles between which are fine punctae, in which minute hairs are 
inserted; some granules are enlarged, namely, 1 on anterior part of 
cardiac lobe, 4 on each branchial region and 1 intestinal. Rostral 
horns small, a little flattened, without granulation but with some 
hooked hairs. Preorbital spines more divergent than rostral spines, 
short, scarcely reaching the line of bifurcation of the rostrum. Upper 
orbital border with 2 teeth, one superior, the other lateral. Basal 
article of antennae armed with 3 spines; the largest forms its anterior 
outer angle, another its posterior outer angle, and the third, which 
is smaller, is placed between the two; second and third articles cylin- 
drical, flagellum small, surpassing by half its length the end of 
rostrum. Regions of carapace very distinct. Epigastric lobes 
separated from rest of carapace by a transverse sulcus which unites 
the two fissures of the orbits; a slightly prominent, lateral, hepatic 
spine; some other similar but smaller spines border the branchial 
regions. Cardiac lobe flat, granulous and bounded posteriorly and 
laterally by a deep trench-like depression with steep, smooth walls, 
the margins of which are marked by a nongranulate crest; trench 
absent anteriorly where the gastric region borders the cardiac. 
Chelipeds scarcely longer than the legs of first pair; hand smooth, 
fingers sharp; wrist and arm with some pointed tubercles. Legs 
smooth. Sternal plastron oval and very narrow. (A. Milne 
Edwards, amended.) 

Measurements.—Female, holotype, length of carapace 23, width of 
same 15 mm. 

Range.—Known only from the type-specimen. 

Material examined.—Near Barbados; 100 fathoms; December, 
1871; Hassler Exped.; 1 female, holotype (Cat. No. 1937, M. C. Z.). 


5487—257 24 





342 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


TEMNONOTUS SIMPLEX A. Milne Edwards 
Plate 249, figs. 10-12 


Temnonotus simplex A. Mine Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 84, 
pl. 17, figs. 3-3c (type-locality, near Barbados, 100 fathoms, Hassler 
Exped.; holotype, Cat. No. 1938, M. C. Z.); Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., 
vol. 8, 1880, p. 2.—Ratusun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, 
vol. 4, 1898, p. 255.—A. Mitne Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. 
Comp. Zo6l., vol. 47, 1923, p. 393. 

Temnonotus granulosus A. MILNE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 
1880, p. 2; (?) not 7. granulosus A. Milne Edwards, 1875. 

Diagnosis.—Cardiac lobe convex, smooth save for one granule, and 
with hairy margin; walls of trench not rimmed. Branchial regions 
partly spinous. 

Description of immature male, holotype.—Carapace longer and less 
convex than granulosus, and with fewer granules; most of these are 
obscured by a dense coat of pubescence, except the spiniform granules, 
which correspond in position to the enlarged granules of granulosus. 
Rostral horns longer and slenderer; interorbital furrow not well 
marked. Basal article of antenna narrower and bearing only one 
small spine which is antero-external. Two lines of granules on the 
front are continued on the gastric region; this region bears some 
low tubercles. A rather strong spine on hepatic region. Branchio- 
hepatic furrow wide and deep. Branchial regions armed with many 
spines. Cardiac lobe bounded by a depression whose walls are less 
abrupt than in granulosus, and are not margined; the enclosed lobe 
is much swollen, its surface smooth except for one median granule 
forward, its margin furnished with a line of small, straight and stiff 
hairs. Above posterior margin a median spine directed backward. 
(A. Milne Edwards, amended.) 

Measurements.—Immature male, holotype, length of carapace 12, 
width of same 8 mm. 

Range.—Off Havana and Barbados. Depth, 100 to 200 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Off Havana, Cuba; Morro Castle bearing SW. by W., about 2% 
miles; 200 fathoms; May 26, 1893; State Univ. lowa Bahama Exped.; 
1 male (Mus. S. U. I.). 

Near Barbados; 100 fathoms; Hassler Exped.; 1 immature male, 
holotype (Cat. No. 1938, M. C. Z.). 

Off Barbados; lat. 13° 03’ 05’’ N.; long. 59° 36’ 18’’ W.; 103 
fathoms; Co. brk. Sh.; temp. 59.5° F.; Mar. 5, 1879; station 278, 
U.S. C.S.S. Blake; 1 male (Cat. No. 2853, M. C. Z.); identified by 
A. Milne Edwards as granulosus. 

Remarks.—In the type male the posterior spine of the basal article 
of the antenna is either broken or stunted on the right side; on the 
left side all the spines are missing. In the Havana male the basal 
article bears two long spines. The male from Barbados which A. 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 843 


Milne Edwards placed under granulosus has the general appearance 
of his simplex, but with two spines on the antennal article. 

The figure of granulosus given by A. Milne Edwards, which is 
copied here, does not show the few, extra large tubercles on the cara- 
pace which are present in the type. In his figure of simplez, also here 
reproduced, the posterior spine of the carapace is exaggerated and the 
dorsal spines are represented more spinous than they really are. 

It is extremely likely that the simplex form (of which 3 males are 
known) is the male of granulosus, of which only a female is known 
and was taken in the same haul as the type male of simplez. 


Genus THERSANDRUS Rathbun 


Sisyphus DESBONNBE, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. de la Guadeloupe, 
1867, p. 20, pl. 3, figs. 11 and 12; type, S. compressus Desbonne.—A. 
MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 123. Not Sisyphus Latreille, 


1825, a genus of Coleoptera. 
Thersandrus RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 11, 1897, p. 164; 


type, T. compressus (Desbonne). 

Carapace ovoid-oblong, depressed, covered as well as the feet, 
with short, brownish setae. Front formed of two rostral horns. 
Preorbital spines wanting. Orbits deep and tubular; upper border 
cut by a deep fissure; ocular peduncles very slender. Basal article 
of outer antennae remarkably wide and so united to the carapace 
that it closes the orbit below; the first movable article is large, a 
little flat and almost as long as the rostrum; next article more slen- 
der but well developed; flagellum small. Antennular fossae wide 
behind, very narrow in front. Outer maxillipeds wide; merus auri- 
culate at its antero-external angle and deeply cut at the inner angle 
for the insertion of the palp; exognath narrow. 

Chelipeds of male symmetrical, little swollen; fingers touching 
only at the extremities, which are not spoon-shaped. Ambulatory 
legs folded forward, the dactylus very slender, very hooked, very 
sharp and strongly folded under the propodus. Abdomen of male 
composed of seven distinct articles. 

Contains only one species. 


THERSANDRUS COMPRESSUS (Desbonne) 
Plate 248, figs. 1-8 

Sisyphus compressus DESBONNE, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. de la 
Guadeloupe, 1867, p. 20, pl. 3, figs. 11 and 12 (type-locality, Moule, 
Guadeloupe, among algae; cotype in Paris Mus.).—A. M1ILNgE Epwarps, 
Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 124, pl. 24, figs. 1-1h. : 
Diagnosis.—Carapace depressed. Rostral horns small. Anten- 

nae and ambulatory legs fringed with long hair. 
Description.—Regions of carapace little marked, surface almost 
smooth. The gastric region shows indications of four tubercles, the 


s 


344 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


three anterior disposed transversely and the single posterior tubercle 
on the median line; two longitudinal prominences on the interorbital 
space. An inconspicuous tubercle on the hepatic region makes a 
slender prominence outside; a marginal tubercle behind the branchio- 
hepatic suture. Otherwise the branchial regions are smooth, except 
toward the gastric and cardiac sutures: 
where they are a little rugose. The 
rostral horns are a little deflexed, slen- 
der, flattened, with convex outer margins 
and lying almost parallel to each other; 
interspace deep and narrow, rounded at 
base. Fronto-interorbital space wide; 
superior orbital margins rounded. An- 
tennae fringed with long hair. 

Merus of chelipeds of adult male slen- 
der and unarmed; carpus a little rugose; 
hand smooth, laterally compressed, with- 
out crests; fingers slender, gaping, the 
areata lier ete Diop Ais Baal dactylus having near its base a stronger 

(48744), MAXILLIPED, X 17.1 tooth than the others. In the female 

the fingers meet and have no large basal 

tooth. Ambulatory legs, short, stout, subcylindrical, fringed with 

long hair on each side, which gives them a broad, flat appearance; 

those of the first pair notably longer than the others, those of the 

second pair scarcely reaching the extremity of the merus of the first; 
those of fifth pair shortest. 

Color.—Greenish or brownish (Desbonne). 

Measurements.—Male (A. Milne Edwards), length of carapace 23, 
width of same 16, length of cheliped 23, of first pair of ambulatory 
legs with the dactylus folded 20, of the next leg in the same position 
12 mm. 

Range.—West Indies. 

Material examined.— 

Cuba, on reef Lavesos Italienos, opposite Cayo Lavesos; 2 to 3 
fathoms; Co. R. S.; June 2, 1914; station 14, Tomas Barrera EXxpe- 
dition; Henderson and Bartsch; 1 male, soft shell (48744). 

Guadeloupe; 1 male, cotype (Paris Mus.). 

West Indies; 1 female, soft shell (Copenhagen Mus.). 








a 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 345 


Genus HEMUS A. Milne Edwards 


Hemus A. MitnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1895, p. 88; type, H. cristu- 
lipes A. Milne Edwards.—Rartuesvun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 
1900, pt. 2, 1901, p. 62. ® 


Carapace thick and swollen; longer than wide. Rostrum small; 
no preorbital spines; orbit incomplete below. First and second 
movable articles of the external antennae 
remarkably wide and flat; the multiarticu- 
late flagellum inserted at the external angle 
of the second. Merus of outer maxillipeds 
long and little dilated outwards; exognath 
very wide in its basal and middle portion, 
narrowing toward its extremity. Chelipeds 
small; fingers slightly gaping, strongly bent 
inward toward their extremity, but scarcely 
spoon-shaped. Ambulatory legs short, but 
very strong; merus ornamented with cristi- # ss 
form prolongations; dactyli strong, much 
curved, without denticulations below. | i\ vf 

The dilated legs fit together in such away 5... 11:9-3ewvs carstuLIPEs 
that with the antennal peduncle and the (19724), MAXILLIPED, X 30.7 
deflexed rostrum, they form a large cavity 
underneath the body. 

Contains only the two following allied species occurring on opposite 
shores of the continent: cristulipes (Atlantic), analogus (Pacific). 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS HEMUS 


A'. Tips of rostrum separated by a sinus wider than either tip. Cardiac promi- 
Masri re angi eD Satay Ay | by) See ate A Ae od cristulipes, p. 345. 
A?®. Tips of rostrum almost contiguous. Cardiac prominence larger, embracing 
part of the branchial regions and of the intestinal region__analogus, p. 347. 


HEMUS CRISTULIPES A, Milne Edwards 
Plate 124, fig. 1; plate 248, figs. 9-15 


Hemus cristulipes A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 88, pl. 16, 
figs. 1-lf (type-locality, near Contoy, at the entrance of the Gulf of 
Mexico, 12 to 18 fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 1943, M. C. Z.).—Auri- 
vituius, K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Hand., vol. 23, pt. 1, 1889, p. 45, pl. 3, fig. 6.— 
RatuBun, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2, 1901, p. 63. 


Diagnosis.—Tips of rostrum separated by a sinus wider than either 
tip. Cardiac region prominent. Margins of merus joints of legs 
faintly crenulate. 

Description.—Body and legs covered with depressed granules. The 
rostrum is wide, short, bicarinated above, bent downward, and bifur- 
cated at its extremity. Upper orbital border unarmed, but having a 
narrow fissure; the postorbital cavity into which the eye can be 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 8347 


Range.—Gulf of Mexico; Central America; Porto Rico; Curacao. 
Shallow waters to 27 fathoms. 
Material examined.—See table, page 346. 


HEMUS ANALOGUS Rathbun 
Plate 124, figs. 2 and 3 


Hemus analogus Ratusun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 573 
(type-locality, southern part of Gulf of California, 10 fathoms; holotype, 
Cat. No. 21573, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—Tips of rostrum almost contiguous. Cardiac promi- 
nence large, embracing part of the branchial regions and of the 
intestinal region. Margins of merus joints of legs distinctly dentic- 
ulate. 

Description.—Differs from H. cristulipes as follows: Carapace 
higher at the cardiac region, sloping more abruptly down toward 
front. The cardiac prominence is larger, embracing a considerable 
part of the branchial regions and of the intestinal region. Granula- 
tion sharper. Side margins of rostrum convex; terminal teeth nearer 
together. Preorbital angle rounded, sides rectangular. Outer mar- 
gin of the first movable joint of the antenna more oblique and crenu- 
late. Merus of legs narrower, their marginal denticles stronger. 

Measurements.—Female holotype, length of carapace 8.2, width 
6.5 mm. 

Range.—Gulf of California. 

Material examined.—Southern part of Gulf of California; lat. 24° 
11’ 30’’ N.; long. 109° 55’ 00’’ W.; 10 fathoms; Sh.; April 30, 1888; 
station 2828, Albatross; 1 adult female, holotype, 1 immature female 
(21578). 


‘ 


,Genus THOE Bell 


Thoe Bruu, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 170; type, 
T. erosa Bell. 

Platypes Locx1naton, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 
41 [1]; type, P. edentata Lockington. 

Carapace of moderate width, thick, lobulate; fronto-orbital region 
wide; rostrum small; no preorbital spine; orbital border unarmed. 
Basal article of antenna large; next article rather flat and attached 
to first joint near rostrum, but at a great distance from orbit. Hxog- 
nath of outer maxillipeds very wide in middle. Sternal plastron 
almost circular. Chelipeds long and usually strong; hand com- 
pressed; fingers spoon-shaped, gaping in the adult. Ambulatory legs 
wide, decreasing rapidly in length from the first to the fourth; merus 
joints with longitudinal crests; last two joints short and nodose. 

An American genus, ranging from the Florida Keys to the West 
Indies and from the Gulf of California, Mexico, to Ecuador and the 
Galapagos Islands. 


348 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS THOE 


A!. Upper surface of merus and outer surface of carpus of cheliped not excavate. 


B'. Carapace and basal segment of antennae without spines____puella, p.348. 
B?. Carapace with a spine at postero-lateral angle; basal segment of antennae 
Velb hn cb WO | GISbAl SPIES aye oe saris oem eae ee ee aspera, p. 352. 


A*. Upper surface of merus and outer surface of carpus of cheliped deeply excavate 
into several contiguous depressions. 
B'. Upper or anterior margin of legs entire or nearly so. 
C!. One anterior tooth or lobe on basal antennal article. ‘Two rows of deep 


excavations on arm_-_-_-_----- ote eee eee ee ee ee erosa, p. 351. 
C*?. Two anterior teeth or lobes on basal antennal article. Outer row of 
excavations on arm obsolescent______________- panamensis, p. 351. 


B?. Upper or anterior margin of legs spinous, the proximal spine of the series 
not marginal but situated on the posterior surface and conspicuous in 
legs of first three pairs. Two anterior teeth or lobes on basal antennal 
article MGs ae Me ea SN ORES 2, ROE et sulcata, p. 349. 

Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: puella (At- 
lantic), sulcata (Pacific). 

THOE PUELLA Stimpson 
Plate 125, figs. 1 and 2 
Thoe puella Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 178 
(type-locality, Tortugas Is.,; Florida; type not extant)—A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1873, p. 122, pl. 19, figs. 3-3e. 
Pisa latipes DESBONNE, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. de la Guade- 
loupe, 1867, p. 19 (type-locality, Guadeloupe; cotype in Paris Mus.). 

Diagnosis—Sides of carapace perpendicular and nearly straight. 
Basal antennal joint not grooved. Margins of merus-joints of ambu- 
latory legs thin. 

Desecription.—Antero-lateral margins straight or nearly so; lobu- 
lations of dorsal surface well marked, covered with berry-like bunches 
of granules crowded together. Rostral 
horns separated by a deep, narrow fis- 
sure. Antennae fringed with long hair; 
basal joint as wide as long, with antero- 
external angle a blunt tooth. Arm and 
wrist of chelipeds covered with fine 
granulations, the arm with a line of 
tubercles on upper margin; hand smooth 
and shining except near articulation, 
where it is granulate, superior margin 
sharp for its proximal half; fingers finely 
~ serrulate within, a very shallow tooth 
ot near base of dactyl in male; fingers 

Te renee see ta Mie rather widely gaping in adult male; 
narrowly gaping in adult female. The 

inferior laminate crests on merus joints of ambulatory legs longer 
than superior and about twice as wide; their upper surfaces concave, 














wer: 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 349 


margins undulate and finely crenulate; the carpus joints have a 
bilobed superior crest and a tooth on inferior margin; propodal joints 
with a narrow crest on each side and a blunt spine above. 

Color, reddish (Desbonne), or bright red, with yellow patches 
(Stimpson. ) 

Measurements.—Male (46740), length of carapace 11.8, width of 
same 10.2 mm. 

Habitat.—The broken pieces of coral lying in the fringing shallows 
of the cnys frequently have bits of bright red sponge scattered over 
them, and it is on such broken pieces that this crab occurs. It is 
almost impossible to distinguish it from the sponge alongside, owing. 
to the close imitation in size, outline, and color, and to its remaining 
motionless till all danger is apparently over. As the resemblance is 
so perfect as to deceive the keenest eyes, it is certain that the mimicry 
must secure absolute safety from the many marine creatures which 
roam about seeking what they may devour. (P. W. Jarvis, in The 
Jamaica Post, December 16, 1897.) 

Range.—Florida Keys; West Indies to Curacao. 

Materval examined.— 

Key West, Florida; 1885; H. Hemphill; 3 males, 1 female (14442). 

Sand Key, Florida; reef; J. B. Henderson: 1 ma 
(46740). May, 1913; 1 male (46045). 

Bush Key, Tortugas; June, 1921; Paul Bartsch; 
2 males (56218). 

Tortugas Reefs, Florida; J. B. Henderson: 2 
males, 1 ovigerous female (46739). 1912; 1 male 
(45679). APY EES 

Tortugas, Florida; June 5-8, 1893; State Univ. : eS ey 





é 
Iowa Biol. Exped.; 1 female (Mus. S. U. I.). i eecrasnere 
Jamaica; 1891; T. H. Morgan; 1 female (17211), Fis. 112.—THor pvet- 
Ponce, Porto Rico; reefs; January 30, 1899; Fish oo eee 
Hawk; 1 male (24220). ARTICLE AND SUB. 
St. Thomas; 1884; Albatross; 1 female (16201). ie, 
Caracas Bay, Curacao; in coral; 1920; C. J. van der Horst; 1 male, 
2 females (1 ovig.) (Amsterdam Mus.); 1 female (56858). 
THOE SULCATA Stimpson 
Plate 125, figs. 3 and 4 


Thoe sulcata Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 177 
(type-locality, Cape St. Lucas, Lower California; cotypes, Cat. No. 1222, 
M. C. Z.).—A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, pl. 19, figs. 
5—5e; 1878, p. 121.—Srreets and Kinestey, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 9, 1877 
(1878), p. 104. 

Platypes edentata Locx1neTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 
(1877), p. 41 [1], p. 65 [3] (type-locality, Mazatlan; type not extant). 


350 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Diagnosis.—Sides of carapace arcuate. Basal antennal article 
with a longitudinal groove parallel to its outer margin. Two rows 
of deep excavations on arm. Ridges and margins of ambulatory legs 
thickened; upper margin of merus spinous. 

Description.—Of larger size than T. puella; antero-lateral margins 
more convex; areolations and berry-like tubercles less strongly marked. 
Rostral horns contiguous, tips beadlike. The basal article of the 
external antennae is exposed from above, and bears two anterior 
teeth or lobes; it is separated from the fronto-orbital region by a deep 
suture or pit, and there is also a deep pit on the upper surface of the 
spine or tooth at its exterior angle; below, a shallow groove runs 
parallel with the outer margin. The first two movable articles of the 
antennae are broad and pitted, the remainder are very slender. 

The merus of the chelipeds has two longitudinal but not contiguous 
rows of deep excavations; hands carinate beneath; in the adult male 
the fingers are very slender, the excavate tips are shorter than in 
puella, and the large tooth of the dactylus is near its middle and is 
slender, as long as it is wide. Both fingers more or less denticulate 
within. Merus of legs deeply bisulcate longitudinally by blunt 
ridges and armed along the superior margin with a series of strong, 
short spines which are not concealed by the thick hair; the proximal 
spine of the row is out of line and situated on the posterior surface 
instead of on the margin and is a conspicuous feature in the legs of 
the first three pairs; lower limb of merus narrower than in puella 
and with thickened margin; both margins fringed with hair. Superior 
margin of carpus thick, arcuate, inferior margin unilobate. 

Color.—Chelipeds, in alcohol, a bright, shining carmine tint 
(Lockington). 

Measurements.—Male (47121), length of carapace 15.1, width of 
same 14mm. Length of type-specimen 22.8 mm. (3% inch). 

Range.—West coast of Mexico from Gulf of California (Tepoca 
Bay) to State of Oaxaca. 

Material examined.— 

Tepoca Bay, Sonora, Mexico; April 25, 1921; Fred Baker, Cali- 
fornia Academy Exped.; 1 male (Cal. Acad. Sci.), with chelipeds 
not fully developed. 

San Francisquito Bay, east coast Lower California; beach; April 9, 
1911; Albatross; 1 male (55767). 

Mazatlan, Mexico; A. Agassiz; 3 males, 2 females (2097, M. C. Z.). 

Cape St. Lucas, Lower California; John Xantus; 9 males, 3 females 
(1922 M-"0" 7... 

Puerto Angel, Oaxaca, Mexico; 1910; C. R. Orcutt; 2 males (47121). 





a 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 851 


THOE PANAMENSIS Nobili 
Plate 125, figs. 5 and 6 


Thoe erosa A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, pl. 19, figs. 4-4d; 
1878, p. 121 (not synonymy).—RatuHspun, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., 
vol. 35, 1907, p. 74 (not allsynonymy). Not 7. erosa Bell, 1836. 

Thoe panamensis Nostitt, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. R. Univ. Torino, 
vol. 16, No. 415, 1901, p. 30 (type-locality, Isola Flamenco, Bay of Panama; 
type in Mus. Turin).—Ratusvwn, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, 
pp. 575 and 618; the locality ‘‘ Ecuador”’ is an error. 





Diagnosis.—Very near T. sulcata. Outer row of excavations on 
arm obsolete or obsolescent. Merus of ambulatory legs entire or 
obscurely spinulous above. 

Deseription.—Panama specimens differ from more northern ones 
in the above characters chiefly. However, the obsolescence of the 
outer row of excavations on the arm is not altogether constant. 
The old male in panamensis has widely gaping fingers, as in sulcata, 
but the tooth on the dactyl at the middle of the gape is broader than 
long, its edge tridentate or tricrenulate. On the merus of the legs 
no spines or spinules show among the marginal hairs, nor is there a 
spine on the posterior surface near its proximal end. 

Perhaps not specifically distinct from swlcata. 

Measurements—Male (48786), length of carapace 
13.7, width of same 12.3 mm. 

Range.—Bay of Panama. 

Material examined.— i 

Taboguilla Island; between tide-marks; October 31, 
1899; Albatross; 1 male (7072, M. C. Z.). 

Taboga Island; June, 1914; J. Zetek; 1 male, 1 
female (48786). Re taa se 

Perico Island; October 26, 1904; Albatross; 1 male — mate (487886), Ba- 
(33390) ‘ SAL ANTENNAL AR- 

Panama; May, 1863; Dr. Sternberg; 2 males, 2 Reh, 
females (1945, M. C. Z.). 

Panama; A. Agassiz; 3 ovigerous females (988, M. C. Z.); identified 
by Stimpson as T. sulcata. 

THOE EROSA Bell 
Plate 249, figs. 1-6 


Thoé erosa Breuu, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 171 (type- 
locality, Galapagos Islands; type not extant); Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 
vol. 2, 1836, p. 48, pl. 9, figs. 4, 4 k-4 o—Nobsr11, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. 
Comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, No. 415, 1901, p. 30; not A. Milne 
Edwards, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, pl. 19, figs. 4-4 d; 1878, p. 121, nor 
Rathbun, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 35, 1907, p. 74. 


Diagnosis.—One anterior tooth or lobe on basal antennal segment. 
Two rows of deep excavations on arm. Both fingers strongly 
arcuate; gaping edges entire except for one tooth on dactyl. 





352 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Description after Bell and Nobili.—Carapace rounded behind, 
depressed, covered with low tuberosities; lateral margin without 
teeth, perpendicular. Rostrum minute, tapering to the point, 
which is slightly divided. Basal antennal joint with but one anterior 
tooth or lobe (according to Bell’s figure 4 k) and that at the outer 
angle. 

Chelipeds in the male longer and much more robust than the 
ambulatory legs. The arm has two series of quadrilateral excava- 
tions on the upper and outer surfaces, diminishing backwards. 
Hands tumid, convex inwardly and outwardly, smooth, carinated 
beneath, fingers meeting only at point, notably arcuate and leaving a 
large interspace except at tips, edge not excavated nor serrated, but 
with a single bifid tubercle near the middle of the movable finger. 
Legs flattened above, longitudinally rugose, the sides furnished with 
rather long hairs. 

Color.—Light yellowish brown above, paler beneath (Bell). 

Measurements.—Length of carapace of type-specimen 13.5 mm. 
(6 lines), width of same 11.3 mm. (5 lines). 

Range.—Galapagos Islands, 7 fathoms, sandy mud (Bell); Bay of 
Santa Elena, Ecuador (Nobili). 





Fic. 114.—THOE ASPERA, MALE (23773), TOTAL LENGTH OF CARAPACE 10MM. (AFTER RATHBUN.) a. CARA 
PACE, DORSAL VIEW. b. MERUS OF A RIGHT AMBULATORY LEG 


THOE ASPERA Rathbun 
Plate 124, figs. 4 and 5 


Thoe aspera RatHBuN, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2, 
1901, p. 63, text-fig. 10 (type-locality, Ensenada Honda, Culebra; holo- 
type, Cat. No. 23773, U.S.N.M.). 


Diagnosis.—Carapace armed with some sharp spines and tubercles. 
Rostral horns separated by a large V. Basal antennal joint much 
longer than broad. Merus of legs moderately dilated. 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 853 


Description.—Carapace more elongate than 7. puella, the gastro- 
cardiac suture farther back, or halfway between posterior margin 
of carapace and posterior margin of orbit. Lobules separated by 
shallower depressions than in 7. puella; protogastric and mesogastric 
lobules each surmounted by a high, acute tubercle; cardiac lobule 
with a similar but lower tubercle. Postero-lateral angle with a short 
spine; above and anterior to the spine, a sharp tubercle; another 
tubercle on each side of the middle near the posterior margin; and 
in front of these last still another tubercle on the branchial region. 
Rostral horns curving slightly inward and separated by a large 
V-shaped sinus. Basal antennal joint narrower than in other species 
of the genus, considerably longer than broad and armed distally with 
two spines, outer one above inner, both visible in a dorsal view; 
outer margin concave, a longitudinal crest at outer third; both 
erest and margin finely crenulate. Cheliped of male (perhaps not 
fully developed) rather feeble. The arm, wrist, and proximal fourth 
of palm are finely granulate; the arm has sharp granulated margins. 
The greater part of the palm is smooth and shining; three times as 
long as wide; the fingers gape slightly for two-thirds their length 
and are finely denticulate. Crests of merus joints of ambulatory legs 
thin and of about equal width; the anterior crest has one or two 
teeth, the posterior one has a rectangular distal prolongation. The 
carpus joints have a triangular inner tooth and a narrow outer crest. 
Surface sparingly pubescent; some longer hairs form lines on the 
rostrum and in the depressions of carapace. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 10, width 8.2 
mm. 

Range.—Porto Rico. 

Material eramined.—Ensenada Honda, Culebra Island, Porto Rico; 
February 9, 1899; Fish Hawk; 1 male, holotype, 1 female (23773). 


Genus PICROCEROIDES Miers 


Picroceroides Mrmrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 77; type, P. 
tubularis Miers.—RatuBun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, 
part 2 (1901), p. 76. 


Carapace narrow and rounded behind, constricted behind the 
orbits, which are tubular and project laterally. The width at the 
orbits equals or exceeds the greatest width at the branchial regions. 
The orbits have a long preocular and a short postocular spine and are 
emarginate above and below. Rostral horns long, slender, and 
widely separated at base. Abdomen seven-jointed and transversely 
ridged in both sexes;in the male the ridges correspond to similar 
elevations on the sternum, which are rounded and separated by deep 
depressions. Epistome transverse. Antennular fossettes small, deep, 
and well defined. Basal joint of antenna considerably enlarged and 


354 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


armed with an oblique keel immediately behind the next joint; fol- 
lowing joints slender. Outer maxillipeds small; merus joints distally 
truncate, antero-external angle obtuse, antero-internal angle emar- 
ginate. 

Chelipeds moderately elongate, rather slender; palms slightly 
compressed and more than twice as long as broad; fingers with an 
intermarginal hiatus at base. Ambulatory legs very slender and of 
moderate length, joints subcylindrical, unarmed; dactyli slightly 
arcuate. 

Contains only one species. 

PICROCEROIDES TUBULARIS Miers 


Plate 126; plate 254, figs. 2-5 
Picroceroides tubularis MiErs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 77, 
pl. 10, figs. 1-le (type-localities, Fernando Noronha and Bahia, in 
shallow water; types in British Mus.).—RatTapun, Bull. U. S. Fish 
Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2, 1901, p 76. 

Diagnosis.—Orbits tubular. Rostral and preocular horns very 
long and slender. Ambulatory legs slender. Abdomen and sternum 
deeply furrowed. 

Description.—Carapace moderately convex, much longer than 
broad, but little dilated at branchial regions. Frontal space con- 

cave; gastric region somewhat elevated and 
obscurely tuberculated; the cardiac region 
bears a rounded prominence: and the intes- 
tinal region a slender spine; the cervical and 
branchio-cardiac sutures are continuous and 
form a longitudinal sinus, separating the 
branchial from gastric and cardiac regions. 
The tubular orbits project laterally to a 
remarkable degree, and each bears a very 
long preocular and a small postocular spine, 
and has two notches in the inferior and one 
in superior margin. Rostral spines in adult 
male four-fifths the length of remainder of 
Fic. 115.—Picrocerowes tusv- carapace; very slender, slightly curved, and 
LARS (24082), MAXILUrED, X8.58 remote from each other at base. The basal 
antennal joint has, besides the antero-internal crest, two small teeth 
' on margin of orbit and a third on distal margin. 

Chelipeds unevenly granulated; the outer surface of palm has a 
slight longitudinal depression near upper surface; the dactylus has 
a strong tubercle near its base. Carapace and ambulatory legs 
rather thinly pubescent; the margins of rostrum and of the free 
peduncular joints of antennae have some longer hairs, some of which 
are clavate. 

Measurements.—Male (24082), median length of carapace, from 
posterior to anterior margin, 22.5; length of horn 19; width of 








Cat. No. 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 355 


carapace at branchial regions 15.4, 
width between tips of postocular 
spines 17 mm. 

<a Range.—From Bahama Banks and 
Sa Florida Keys to Bahia, Brazil. Shal- 
; iiri?: | low water to 60 fathoms. 


Mus.S. U I. 


49084 
47106. 
9495 


a ORAL OD 


peas aris Material examined.—See table, 











Material examined of Picroceroides tubularis 


Bearings 





eT ab gs ee 

5 a eae page 355. 

Oo 7 “hee in 

g tap | loro Genus PITHO Bell 
= o STMT Pitho Bru, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 
Bera Tae a 3, 1835 (Feb. 24, 1836), p. 172; type, 

Bea Le heatt int P. sexdentata Bell. 
£ SAS reece te Othonia Brett, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 
2 BES ig igs vol. 2, 1836, p. 55; type, O. sexdentata 
Oo oa Sas8" (Bell). Name preoccupied by Johnston, 

Sof is ase in Loudon’s Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, 

—— March, 1835, p. 181, for a genus of 

' ist 400 

#& i 1 1B aS worms. 
aa ct Sa Piloronus Gistet, Natur. Thierreichs, 

2 | isere 1848, p. X. (Substituted for Pitho 
ts a Ofna Bell, said to be preoccupied by Pytho 
= — : 7 ay Fabricius). 

g (18 39 Engyzomaria GistEL, Natur. Thierreichs, 
pewuuoueee 1848, p. X. (Substituted for Othonia, 
5 abe tebe ois preoccupied). 

B 5 ee Microrynchus DEsBONNE, in Desbonne 
caput. ab and Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, 1867, 
: yee awe) p. 20; type, M. lherminieri Desbonne. 
g cae Meats Carapace truncate in front; frontal 
a Ae wien region wide; rostrum very short, 
Hi eeeee formed of two small teeth. Orbits 
nESen ae small, tubular, deep, and directed 
an ‘ esi wis iaal 
se 1 ¢ g forward; eyes slender. Outer anten- 
mae. nae short; basal article lamellose, 
o ' ux ; . . . 
By eee forming floor of orbit; next article 
BE,/ >! 1iR582 | flat, short, and broad, outwardly ex- 
eS ' tae . . . y 
a | ii@5822 | panded; third article flat, but smaller; 
3 : 1188882 | flagellum very small. Carapace ob- 
S i ee g i p 
Ez | | {2852¢ | long-oval, antero-lateral and postero- 
7 | }IRERG lateral borders forming together an 
RE arcuate line. Merus of outer maxil- 
& ikea lipeds dilated outwardly and very 
‘ 1s Oe A ° . . 
1 fiiBoy slightly notched on inner side for in- 
> aes ‘Cas 7 ‘ : 
2 1. Sie ar sertion of palpus. Chelipeds with 
§ nm Stee 
8 Z E rt: fingers spoon-shaped; hands more or 
Rog igsce less compressed. Ambulatory legs 
ORS . 

B SaaS stout and rather short; dactyli sharp, 

oe eae spinulous below. Abdomen of male 


856 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


narrow and formed of seven articles. Straight, stiff hairs border the 
antennae and are arranged in a series of tufts on the pterygostomian 
regions. 

An American genus, ranging from Beaufort, North Carolina, to 
Cape St. Roque, Brazil, and from Magdalena Bay, Lower California, 
Mexico, to Panama and the Galapagos Islands. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS PITHO 


A’. Second and third lateral teeth, exclusive of tooth at orbital angle, partially 
united at base. 
B!. First movable segment of antenna much wider than long, its outer lobe 
strongly produced laterally. Lateral teeth of carapace blunt-tipped 
IT: the (AGUNG: Ae hee lee gs Bs poe ae eae aculeata, p. 357. 
B?. First movable segment of antenna little, if any, wider than long, its outer 
lobe produced as much anteriorly as laterally. Lateral teeth of cara- 
pace acute. 
C'. Lateral teeth subequal in size. Carapace subcircular, front narrow. 
laevigata, p. 372. 
C?, Lateral teeth not subequal. 
D'. Last two lateral teeth not much, if any, smaller than the others. 
E!. Carapace strongly tuberculate. Second lateral tooth smaller, but 
not much smaller, than first and third___________ Picteti, p. 359. 
E?, Carapace nearly smooth. 
F!. Second lateral tooth very small, much smaller than first and 
ihird teeth 272  BhON) - Po e  ee anisodon, p. 368. 
F?. Second lateral tooth of considerable size, slender. 
laevigata, variety, p. 373. 
D*. Last two lateral teeth much reduced, at least in male. Manus of 
adult male broad, compressed. 
E!. First movable segment of antenna slightly wider than long. Lateral 
teeth sharper in female than in male, the last two teeth more — 
prominent thanwnemaleles 2 ose ee ee lherminieri, p. 362. 
E?. First movable segment of antenna longer than wide. Fourth 
lateral tooth subequal to first three in female, fifth tooth smaller. 
Fourth and fifth teeth much reduced in male. 
quinquedentata, p. 361. 
A?. Second and third lateral teeth not united at base. 
B'. More than four lateral teeth. Carapace conspicuously granulated. 
C!. Lateral teeth five (exceptionally four), dentiform, their édges denticu- 
TAGE TE LER SPEER RE a eve ee a mirabilis, p. 366. 
C4;; Lateral)teeth jsixaspiniformyy:i! adil) uo ) OUP BAe Te sexdentata, p. 367. 
B?. Four lateral teeth or spines. 
C!. Lateral teeth long and narrow, spiniform. Rostral teeth acutely 


jO(0) beh =o HMO ARUN ae Ree nat © SAE IRS aay cg quadridentata, p. 369. 
C?. Lateral teeth short and broad. Rostral teeth arcuate or very obtuse- 
angled ES ei 2 PAIL EN ETE es bh ae ae Bara ee dispar, p. 374. 


ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT 


Pacific Atlantic 
aculeata. pictett. 
lherminieri. quinquedentata. 


mirabilis. sexdentata. 















































THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 357 


PITHO ACULEATA (Gibbes) 
Plate 127; plate 251, fig. 1 


Hyas aculeata Gispes, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 3, 1850, p. 171 [7] 
(type-localities, Key West and ‘‘Florida”’; types not extant). 

Othonia aculeata Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1859, p. 49; 
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 116 (part).—Mzrrs, Journ. Linn. 
Soe. London, Zool., vol. 14, 1879, p. 673, pl. 18, fig. 6.—KinasLey, Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1879 (1880), p. 388 (part); not O. aculeata 
A. Milne Edwards, Bull. Mus. Comp. ZoGl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 2—RaTHBUN, 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 255, pl. 34, figs. 1 and 2. 

Pitho aculeata Ratusun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897, p. 7; Bull. U. 8. 
Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, part 2, 1901, p. 77. 

Diagnosis.—First movable segment of antenna much wider than 
long. Lateral teeth of carapace obtuse, the second and third united 
at base. Fronto-orbital width great. Hands of adult male broad. 

Description.—Carapace a little longer than broad, almost smooth 
above in adult, more or less tuberculous and granulous in young. 
Width between outer orbital angles two-thirds of entire width. Pre- 
orbital and external orbital angles subacute. The outer margins of 
the two external orbital teeth diverge anteriorly. Antero-lateral 
margins armed with five teeth (exclusive of orbital angle) more or less 
triangular, obtuse in the old, acute or subacute in the young, the 
second and third coalesced at their base, the fourth and fifth small. 
Frontal teeth small, flat, triangular, obtuse. Basal article of anten- 
nae wide; that portion of its anterior margin situated outside of the 
insertion of the next article is denticulate; a deep groove between 
this crest and frontal border, a second groove on the carapace paral- 
lel to first. First movable article of antennae with an outer lobe 
much produced laterally. 

Chelipeds strong in the full-grown male, about 1.5 times as long as 
carapace; arm angular, with three depressed tubercles on upper mar- 
gin; wrist with a smooth longitudinal crest; palms compressed, about 
1.5 times as long as wide; fingers widely gaping for their distal two- 
thirds, with a tooth near the base of the dactyl. Chelipeds in the 
young male and in the female short and weak; fingers evenly dentate 
and in contact. The carpus joints of the ambulatory legs have a 
broad, deep groove on the outer surface. 

Appendages of first segment of abdomen in the male are brown in 
color for their distal half, the brown parts in contact for half their 
length, diverging at extremities in slight curves convex to each other, 
each appendage terminating in a right-angled hook, the point of 
which is directed toward median line of carapace (fig. 116, ¢). 

Color.—The following notes on the several lots of specimens ob- 
tained at Ragged Key were made by Mr. Henderson from the living 
specimens: 


358 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


46032 and 46034. Ground of back dirty white with large square 
olive green maculations; claws and legs the same; last segment of 
claws the same green with irregular white dots; tips of claws white; 
under surface of body pure white and green. 

46033. No two individuals alike; the general color of the back 
varies from almost black to olive green or chocolate, usually with 
lighter spaces of cream white in center of back, or dotted with cream 
white on hinder portion and on legs and claws; under side the same 
color but light; claws the color of back. 

46035. Back ashen gray with light olive green flecks. Same color 
pattern on legs and pincers. Individuals vary in color; sometimes 
the green becomes yellowish. One or two are olive brownish, in 
which case there are whitish flecks scattered generally over the whole. 





Fiac. 116 —PItTHO, APPENDAGES OF FIRST ABDOMINAL SEGMENT OF MALE OF DIFFERENT SPECIES. @. LHER- 
MINIERI. b. ANISODON. Cc. ACULEATA. d. MIRABILIS. (a, b, AND c, AFTER RATHBUN) 


Measurements.—Male (9283), length of carapace, measured to tips 
of rostral teeth 27.5; greatest width of carapace, teeth included, 26 
mm. 

Range.—Bahamas; Florida Keys; West Indies; northern coast of 
South America. 

Material examined.— 

Bahamas; 1886; Albatross: Nassau; 1 ovigerous female (11401). 
New Providence; 1 male, 1 female (16309). 

Spanish Wells, Bahamas; July 12-13, 1893; State Univ. lowa 
Exped.; 1 male, 2 females (Mus. S. U. I). 

Ragged Key, Florida; on reef; May, 1913; J. B. Henderson; 7 
males, 21 females (16 ovig.) (46035); 3 males (46034); 3 males, 3 
females (1 ovig.) (46033); 5 males (46032). 

Key Largo, Florida; H. Hemphill; 6 males, 6 females (14049). 

Indian Key, Florida; H. Hemphill; 36 males, 30 females (14054). 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 359 


Lower Metacumbe Key, Florida; H. Hemphill; 2 young (15809). 

Key Vaccas, Florida; on banks, low tide; H. Hemphill; 1 male, 
10 females (14072). 

Key West, Florida: H. Hemphill; 110 specimens. December, 1883; 
D.S. Jordan; 2 females (5751). April 15-27, 1884; Albatross; 5 males, 
8 females (7518). C. N.E. Eliot; 1 young (22988). C.J. Maynard; 
exchange with Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.; 4 males, 1 ovigerous female 
(53034). 

Dry Tortugas, Florida: 1884; Edward Palmer; 2 females (13896). 
6 dried specimens (Brit. Mus.). 

Dry Tortugas, Florida; 1893; State Univ. Iowa Exped.: June 5- 
8; 2 females, 1 young (Mus. S. U.I.). Shallow water; June 13; 1 
male, 3 females (Mus. S. U. 1.). Gulf weed; June 13; 1 male (Mus. 
eek 1.) 

Sarasota Bay, Florida; 1 young (Union College coll.). 

Florida: C.J. Maynard; exchange with Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.; 1 
male (53035). William Stimpson; 1 male, 1 female (Paris Mus.). 

Cuba; 1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Exped.: 
Cabafias; on sand, shell, grass to mud bottom; June 8 and 9; 
station 16; 1 ovigerous female (48659). Bahia Honda; June 7; 2 
males, 2 females (48674). Cayo Arenas; 2 fathoms; May 12; sta- 
tion 3; 1 young female (48714); 1 male (48715). 

Jamaica: Off Montego Bay Point; June 28, 1910; E. A. Andrews; 
1 male (43018). Lime Cay; P. W. Jarvis; specimens returned to 
sender. 

Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Boqueron Bay; January 25; 1 male, 
1 female (24087). Ensenada Honda, Culebra; February 9; 1 young, 1 
broken (24103). Culebra; February 11; 1 male, 1 female (24414). 

St. Thomas; A. Milne Edwards; 1 male (Paris Mus.). 

Guadeloupe (Geneva Mus.). 

Old Providence; April 4-9, 1884; Albatross; 1 male (18568). 

Aruba, Dutch West Indies; among algae in shallow water of lagoon; 
August 2, 1905; J. Boeke; 1 male (42982), 1 male (Leiden Mus.). 

Curagao, rifwater; shallow water; algae; in beam trawl; May 26, 
1905; J. Boeke; 1 female (Leiden Mus.). 

Caracas Bay, Curacao; in sand; May 13, 1920; C. J. van der 
Horst; 1 male (Amsterdam Mus.). 


PITHO PICTETI (Saussure) 
Plate 130, figs. 2 and 3; plate 252, fig. 1 


Othonia picteti SaussurE, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., ser. 2, vol. 5, 1853, p. 357, 
pl. 13, fig. 2 (type-locality, Mazatlan; type in Geneva Mus.?).—Stimp- 
son, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, 1857, p. 455.—A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 118. 

Micippa ovata Locx1ncTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), 
p. 68 [6] (type-localities, Port Escondido, Mulege Bay, Los Angeles Bay, 
San José Island, and La Paz; types not extant). 


360 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Micippa ovata, var. laevis Lock1naTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 
1876 (1877), p. 69 [7] (type-locality, Gulf of California; type not extant). 

Othonia nicholsi RaTHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 257, pl. 
35, fig. 3 (type-locality, Gulf of California, 45 fathoms; holotype, Cat. 
No. 15822, U.S.N.M.). 

Pitho quinquedentata RatuBun (not Bell), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 
1898, p. 578; vol. 38, 1910, p. 573 (part). 


Diagnosis.—Lateral teeth of carapace five, acute, the second and 
third united at base. Male appendages distally lyre-shaped. Outer 
margins of outer orbital teeth anteriorly convergent. 

Description.—Carapace pubescent, tubercles furnished with long 
hairs. Legs long-hairy. Carapace shaped much as in P. aculeata, 
but fronto-orbital region narrower, only a little wider than half the 
carapace width. The outer margins of the outer orbital teeth 
anteriorly converge instead of diverge, as in aculeata. Carapace 
ornamented with strongly marked tubercles, the larger of which are 
spinous and are arranged as follows: Two on the median line of the 
gastric region, the anterior the smaller and sometimes bifid; two 
placed transversely on the anterior part of the cardiac region; four 
or five on each branchial region. Of smaller tubercles, there are 
two on each protogastric lobe, one almost in the same line on the 
mesogastric region, behind the latter two close together, and two 
side by side behind the median spine. On the cardiac region there 
is a curve of three granules in front of the middle and a curve of four 
behind the middle, the curves subparallel and concave behind. The 
branchial region has two lines of granules on the posterior half, one 
line following the general direction of the postero-lateral margin, the 
other line shorter, running along the inner boundary of the region, 
the two lines meeting at an acute angle. There are other granules 
scattered on the carapace but no conspicuous protuberances on the 
hepatic region. 

Lobes of rostrum acute, a denticle on their inner margins which is 
partially superimposed on the lobe. Orbital angles acute or subacute. 
Antero-lateral teeth five, after the orbital angle, curved, acute, the 
second smaller than the third and basally joined to it. Carapace 
widest at the fourth tooth. Fifth tooth nearly as large as second. 

First movable segment of antenna as broad as long, outer lobe not 
so long as in aculeata. 

In the mature male the chelipeds are a fourth longer than the 
carapace; palms twice as long as wide, margins subparallel; fingers 
gaping for half their length, a large tooth on dactyl in the gape. 

The appendages of the first segment of the male abdomen are so 
disposed as to form together in their distal half a lyre-shaped figure. 

Color.—Whitish (Saussure). 

Measurements.—Male (50654), length of carapace 19.4, width of 
same 17.2mm. Male (2098), length of carapace 23, width 21.4 mm. 


























THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 361 


Range.—West coast of Mexico and Central America. 

Material examined.— 

Magdalena Bay, Lower California: C. R. Orcutt; 1 male, 1 female 
(50642); 1 male, 2 females (50654). August 14, 1872; U.S. C.S.S. 
Hassler; 1 male (Cat. No. 2098, M. C. Z.). 

Off San Francisco (Gulf of California?); 3 males, 1 female (Brit. 
Mus.). 

Northern part, Gulf of California; lat. 29° 30’ N.; long. 112° 40’ 
W.; 45 fathoms; 1880-1882; Lieut. Comdr. H. E. Nichols, U. S. 
Navy; 1 young female (15822), holotype of Othonia nicholsv. 

San Jose Island, Gulf of California; 1921; California Academy of 
Sciences Expedition; 1 male (Cal. Acad.). 

Southern part, Gulf of California; lat. 24° 11’ 30’’ N.; long. 109° 
55’ 00’’ W.; 10 fathoms; Sh.; April 30, 1888; station 2828, Albatross; 
1 male (21962). 

Lower California; M. Diguet; 1 immature female (Paris Mus.). 
1911; Albatross; 1 male (55751). 

Realejo, Nicaragua; Oersted, collector; 1 male (19695); received 
from Copenhagen Mus.; 1 male, 1 female (Copenhagen Mus.). 


PITHO QUINQUEDENTATA Bell 
Plate 250, figs. 1-4 


Pitho quinquedeniata Bruu, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), 
p. 172 (type-locality, Galapagos Islands, sandy mud, 6 fathoms; type 
not extant).—Ratugvn, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 573 (part). 

Othonia quinque-dentata Bru, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 57, 
pl. 12: fig, 2. 

Othonia mirabilis GerRSTAECKER, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 22, pt. 1, 1856, p. 113 


(part). 
Othonia quinquedentata A. MitnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 118, 


pl. 24, figs. 3-3c. 
?Othonia aculeata? Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, ser. 1, vol. 3, 1889, p. 181, 
pl. 7, fig. 6. 

Diagnosis.—First movable segment of antenna narrow. Manus of 
cheliped broad, compressed. Fourth and fifth lateral teeth much 
reduced in male, second and third united at base. 

Description.—Carapace of male narrow behind. Front rather wide, 
inner orbital tooth decidedly more advanced than outer tooth, rostral 
teeth still more advanced and separated by a V interspace. Lateral 
teeth five, blunt, the last two very small, the last one hardly more 
than a tubercle; second tooth nearly as large as third, and not 
entirely separated fromit. First movable segment of antennae rather 
narrow. Chelipeds with manus compressed, upper edge sharp. 

The above notes were made in the Paris Museum on a male from 
the Galapagos Islands. It is probably the specimen figured by 
A. Milne Edwards (see my figs. 1-3, pl. 250), in which, however, the 


362 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


large, movable segment of the antenna is represented considerably 
wider than in my drawing (fig. 117, a). 

In Bell’s figure of the type female (see my fig. 4, pl. 250) the cara- 
pace is broad behind, the teeth of rostrum and orbit are equally 
advanced, the outer sides of the orbits diverge anteriorly, the first. 
four lateral teeth are subequal in size and similar, the fifth tooth 
smaller but not rudimentary. The anterior third of the carapace is 
smooth, the remaining two-thirds granulated. 

While the illustrations of the two authors at first glance seem 
irreconcilable, it is possible that some of the differences are attribut- 
able to exaggeration of sexual characters. 

Color.—General color brown; feet with alternate rings of reddish 
and brown (Bell). 





a b c a 


Fiac. 117.—PITHO, FIRST AND SECOND MOVABLE ARTICLES OF ANTENNA OF DIFFERENT SPECIES. @. QUIN- 
QUEDENTATA. b, LHERMINIERI. C. MIRABILIS. d. ANISODON. 


Measurements.—Male (Galapagos Islands), length of carapace 16.7, 
width including spines 16.3, width excluding spines 14, fronto-orbital 
width 9.7 mm. 

Range.—Bay of Panama; Galapagos Islands. 

Material eramined.—Panama; A. Milne Edwards; 1 young male 
(Paris Mus.). Galapagos Islands; received from British Museum; 
1 male (Paris Mus.). 

Other records.—It is possible that the carapace figured by Cano* 
belongs to this species, in which event the long filiform stalks from 
the antennal region may be considered as foreign growths. 


PITHO LHERMINIERI (Schramm) 
Plate 128, figs. 1 and 2; plate 129, figs. 1 and 2; plate 252, fig. 2 


Othonia quinque-dentata WuiTe (not Bell), List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 9. 

Microrynchus lherminieri DESBONNE (MS.) in Desbonne and Schramm, 
Crust. Guadeloupe, 1867, p. 20, nomen nudum. 

Othonia lherminieri ScoRAMM, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guade- 
loupe, 1867, p. 20 (type-locality, Guadeloupe in the cavities of the keys; 
type in Paris Mus.).—A. Mitnr Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, 
p. 116, pl. 24, figs. 5-5c. Not O. lherminieri Rathbun, 1892. 





45 Boll, Soc. Nat. Napoli, ser. 1, vol. 3, 1889, pl. 7, fig. 6. 

















THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 363 


Othonia aculeata Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 2, 1871, p. 116 
(part)—Kinestrey, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1879 (1880), 
p. 388 (part).—A. Minne Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 8, 1880,. 


p. 2. 
Othonia carolinensis RATHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 256, pl. 


35, figs. 1 and 2 (type-loeality, off Charleston, South Carolina; holoty pe, 
Cat. No. 3158, U.S.N.M.). 

Pitho lherminiert Ratusun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897, p. 8; Bull. 
U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2, 1901, p. 78. 

Pitho aculeata A. MitNge Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. 
Zo6l., vol. 47, 1923, p. 395. 

Diagnosis.—First movable segment of antenna narrow. Manus 
broad, compressed. Fourth and fifth lateral teeth much reduced in 
females and young males, rudimentary in old males; second and 
third teeth united at base. 

Description.—Carapace rough with tubercles of different sizes, as 
broad as long in the adult male, longer than broad in other forms, 
very narrow behind in males, much wider in females. Fronto- 
orbital width about half the entire width in adults, greater in the 
young. Frontal teeth slightly more advanced than orbital angles. 
Second and third lateral teeth subequal; fourth and fifth much re- 
duced. First movable article of antenna similar to that of P. aniso- 
don, but wider (fig. 117, 6). 

Chelipeds similar to those of P. aculeata. Appendages of abdomen 
of male in contact at about three-fifths the distance from distal end, 
then separating slightly in faint curves concave to each other, 
and again converging before they finally spread out at tips; distal 
three-fifths yellow, very slender, tapering gradually to a fine point 
(fig. 116, a). 

Variation.—In the females and young males, the carapace is more 
tuberculate than in the old males, the lateral teeth are sharper, the 
fourth and fifth teeth being more prominent than in the males. 

The Cuban male (48733) approaches P. mirabilis in having a 
shorter and broader carapace than in typical lherminiert; the usual 
pattern of tubercles and coarse granules is set in a background of 
very fine granules, finer than those of mirabilis; the transverse row 
of transverse tubercles above the posterior margin is almost indis- 
tinguishable. 

Color.—Dirty brownish yellow (Desbonne). 

Measurements.—Male (51003), length of carapace to tips of ros- 
tral teeth 15.4, width of carapace 14.6 mm. Female (19357), length 
of carapace 18.2, width of same 16.5 mm. Male (Paris Mus.), 
length and width each 25 mm. 

Range.—F¥rom, Beaufort, North Carolina, to Sio Paulo, Brazil. 

Material examined.—See table, pages 364-365. 







































































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366 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PITHO MIRABILIS (Herbst) 


Plate 128, fig. 3; plate 129, fig. 3; plate 253, fig. 1 


Cancer mirabilis Hersst, Naturg. d. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 2, 1794, 


p. 152 (part), pl. 37, fig. 3 (type-locality not known; types in Berlin 
Mus.). ‘ 

Othonia mirabilis GpRSTAECKER, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 22, pt. 1, 1856, 
p. 113 (part). 

Othonia sexdentata A. M1bNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 117 
(part). 

Othonia rotunda Ratupun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 258, 
pl. 36, fig. 1 (type-locality, Key West, Florida; holotype, Cat. No. 15807, 
U.S.N.M.). 


Pitho mirabilis Rarupun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 
1898, p. 258. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace swollen, as broad as long, covered with fine 
bead granules. Lateral teeth diminishing in size from the anterior 
to the posterior, their edges denticulate. 

Description.—Carapace as broad as long, widest at fourth antero- 
lateral tooth, much swollen in both directions, transversely rising 
abruptly from bases of lateral teeth, longitudinally rising in almost 
an equal curve from behind the front and from posterior margin. 
Regions faintly indicated. Carapace covered with granules more 
thickly set on posterior half; long, fine hairs proceed from the top 
of the granules. Along the outer margins of the gastric lobes, 
bunches of granules beset with coarse hairs form a broad line which 
is continued to rostrum. Rostral teeth sharp, produced beyond 
orbital angles. Preorbital tooth obtuse, less produced than post- 
orbital, which is subacute. Antero-lateral teeth usually five, acute, 
separated to their bases, the first the largest, the others as a rule 
decreasing in size to the last, the tips making a single curve. An- 
terior margins of teeth thickened. Antero-lateral margin marked 
by inconspicuous granules irregularly placed, giving the teeth the 
appearance of being themselves minutely dentate. Basal article of 
the antenna with a sharp, longitudinal groove through the middle; 
tooth at distal extremity slightly more produced than upper inner 
angle of orbit and visible in a dorsal view; outer lobe of first movable 
article directed forward (fig. 117,¢c). Abdomen and sternum minutely 
pubescent; abdominal appendages in male diverging slightly at 
distal ends hooked at tips (fig. 116, d). 

Chelipeds in both sexes slender, longer than ambulatory legs, 
finely punctate, upper margin with thinly scattered hairs; arm 
angular, a few small tubercles on the upper margin; hand slightly 
tapering distally; fingers in male gaping for the proximal third, a 
tooth on dactyl; in the female, fingers evenly dentate and in con- 
tact for nearly their whole length, a slight gape at proximal end. 























* THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 367 


Ambulatory legs very hairy above, first pair reaching to about 
middle of manus. 

Measurements.—Female (15807), length and width of carapace 
each 17.8; width between outer orbital angles 9.4 mm. Carapace 
of larger type (Berlin Mus.), Sex unknown, length 18.7, width 19, 
width exclusive of teeth 17 mm. 

Range.—Bahama Banks and Florida Keys to Guadeloupe. 

Material examined.— 

Bahama Banks; May 15-18, 1893; Biol. Exped. State Univ. Iowa; 
1 male, 5 females (Mus. S. U. I.), 2 females (18674). 

Hawk Channel, Florida; 1903; Fish Hawk: 31% miles N. 3% E. of 
Sombrero Light; 1114 feet; rky.; Jan. 27; station 7427; 1 male (47072). 
144 miles S. by W. of southeast end of Long Key; 15 feet; barry; 
February 18; station 7463; 1 male (47073). 

Key West, Florida: 1884; Albatross; 1 female (16298). 1885; 
H. Hemphill; 5 males, 5 females (1 male is holotype of Othonia 
rotunda) (15807). 

Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Porto Real; February 27; 1 male 
(24105). Exact locality not given; 1 female (24104). 

Guadeloupe; 1 male (Geneva Mus.). 

Locality unknown; 2 carapaces, cotypes of Cancer mirabilis (Berlin 
Mus.). 


PITHO SEXDENTATA Bell 


Plate 130, fig. 1; plate 250, figs. 5-9 


Pitho sexdentata Brut, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 172 
(type-locality, Galapagos Islands, 6 fathoms, sandy mud; type not 
extant). 

Othonia sexdentata Bett, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 56, 
pl. 12, figs. 1—-1d. 

Othonia mirabilis GerstarckER, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 22, pt. 1, 1856, p. 
113 (part).—Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, ser. 1, vol. 3, 1889, pp. 102, 
182. 

Othonia sexdentata Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1860, p. 
192.—A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 117 (part). 

Diagnosis.—Carapace oval, narrow across front. Six lateral teeth 
behind orbital tooth, teeth separated to their bases. Granulation 
dense. 

Description.—Carapace broadly oval, moderately elevated, the 
surface rough, granulated and slightly hairy; the lateral margin with 
six, flattened, triangular, falciform teeth, the points acute and di- 
rected forward; a ridge of prominent granulations over the posterior 
margin.  (Bell.) 

Notes made at Paris Museum on male from Cape St. Lucas.—Fronto- 
orbital distance narrow, much as in P. anisodon. Rostral teeth very 
narrow and sharp or spiniform. Lateral teeth of carapace divided 
to their bases, acute, margins granulate; the sixth or posterior tooth 


368 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


is postero-lateral, separated from the fifth tooth by a tubercle, and 
situated above the margin, forming an arcuate line with the other 
teeth but above their level. Granules and tubercles of carapace 
more numerous than in P. quinquedentata; there are about 50 small 
granules on the cardiac region and 40 on the mesogastric region; the 
granules of the postbranchial region are large and spinous. One 
or more hairs curved at tip arise from each tubercle or granule. An 
uninterrupted row of large transverse tubercles above margin. Orbi- 
tal teeth acute, the outer one advanced nearly as far as the inner. 
First movable article of the antenna shaped much as in P. quinque- 
dentata. Chelipeds weak; manus compressed, margins tapering 
toward extremity. 

Measurements.—Male, Cape St. Lucas (Paris Mus.), length of 
carapace 14.2, width 13.8, width exclusive of spines 12, width be- 
tween outer orbital angles 7 mm. Female, Cape St. Lucas (M. C. 
Z.), length of carapace 16.3, width 15.8, width exclusive of spines 
13.7, width between outer orbital angles 7.4 mm. Female (Bell), 
length 9 lines (22.8 mm.), width 8 lines (20.3 mm.). 

Range.—Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico; Galapagos 
Islands. 

Material examined.— 

Cape St. Lucas; John Xantus; 1 male, 1 female (55116), 12 males, 
9 females (1225, M. C. Z.), 1 immature female (British Mus.). 

Cape St. Lucas; A. Milne Edwards; 1 male (Paris Mus.). 

Galapagos Islands; one specimen (Paris Mus.). 

Remarks.—In this species there is in some individuals a tendency 
to a slight union of the second and third teeth at their base. 


PITHO ANISODON (von Martens) 
Plate 1381; plate 251, fig. 2 


Othonia anisodon von Martens, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 38, pt. 1, 1872, p. 83, 
pl. 4, fig. 3 (type-locality, Cuba; cotypes in Berlin Mus.). 

Othonia aculeata Kinesuny, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1879 (1880), 
p. 388 (part). 

Othonia lherminieri RAtHBUN (not Schramm), Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 
15, 1892, p. 255, pl. 34, figs. 3 and 4 (not all synonymy). 

Pitho anisodon RatusBun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897, p. 8; Bull. Lab. 
Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 258; Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm., 
vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 77. 


Diagnosis.—Lateral teeth of carapace five, acute; second tooth 
much reduced and united at base with third tooth. Fronto-orbital 
distance short. Palms of old male long and narrow. Distal third of 
male appendages lyre-shaped. Lobe of first movable segment of 
antenna small, forward-pointing. 

Description.—Carapace oval, with the anterior margin narrow. 
Width between outer angles of orbits but little more than half the 














THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 369 


greatest width of the carapace. Rostral teeth more advanced than 
orbits, horizontal, separated by a V-shaped interspace. Orbital 
angles acute, outer margin of outer tooth oblique and sinuous. Lat- 
eral teeth five, acute, curved, the second and fifth reduced, the 
second united at base with the third. Carapace nearly smooth; 
almost the only granules are near the last lateral tooth and in the 
row above the posterior margin. First movable segment of antenna 
with a short outer lobe which is directed forward (fig. 117, d). 

The chelipeds of old males are from 114 times to nearly twice as 
long as carapace; palms from twice to three times as long as wide; 
arm subcylindrical and nearly smooth; wrist with a longitudinal 
ridge, otherwise smooth. 

Appendages of first segment of male abdomen with the distal third 
of a light brown color, gradually tapering and arranged in the form of 

a lyre, widely spreading at tips (fig. 
116, b). 

Measurements.—Male (15093), length 
of carapace to tips of rostral teeth 30.5, 
width of carapace including spines 28.8, 
excluding spines 25, fronto-orbital width 
16.2 mm. Female (14077), length of 
carapace 29.2, width of carapace in- 
cluding spines 27, excluding spines 24.2, 

fronto-orbital width 14.5 mm. 
Variations.—The spines of the cara- 
\ pace, rostral, orbital and lateral, may be 
more slender and elongate than usual, 
Fig. 118.—PrrHo aNtsopon (6424), maxti- aS In a small female (46721). The 
ey second lateral spine, commonly of small 
size, may be suppressed on one side while normal on the other 
(22269, 33152, 39471), or it may occur in the sinus between the second 
and fourth spines (male, 33151), instead of between the first and third. 

Range.—Bahamas and Florida Keys to Guadeloupe and Curag¢ao. 

Material examined.—See table, page 370. 


PITHO QUADRIDENTATA (Miers) 
Plate 132, fig. 2; plate 133, fig. 2; plate 250, fig. 10 


Othonia quadridentata Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 4, 1879, p. 
15, pl. 5, fig. 1 (type-locality, West Indies; types in Brit. Mus.). 

Dthonia lherminiert BENEDiIcT (not Schramm), Johns Hopkins Univ. Cir., 
vol. 11, No. 97, April, 1892, p. 77.—Ratusun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 15, 1892, p. 255 (part). 

Pitho quadridentata RatuBun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897, p. 9. 


Diagnosis.—Four lateral spines, large, acute, pointing well out- 
ward. Teeth of front and orbits blunt. Distal third of male 
appendages lyre-shaped. 








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372 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Description.—Allied to P. anisodon, but the second or smallest of 
the lateral spines is suppressed, leaving four spines, which are nar- 
rower, less flattened and more outstanding than in anisodon. All 
four spines are of large size, second and third largest, fourth as long 
as first and more slender; between first and second spines a tubercle 
may be present on one or both sides, corresponding to the small spine 
or tooth similarly placed in P. anisodon. Carapace wider than in 
anisodon, owing to the widespread spines, the width being greater 
than the length in the largest specimens, while in P. anisodon the 
width is much less than the length. 

Teeth of rostrum short, blunt or subacute, separated by a wide V. 
Orbital teeth also blunt. — 

The fourth abdominal segment of the male is longer and narrower 
than in anisodon. 

_ Measurements of carapace of cotypes.—Female, length 20.7, width 

20.3, width without spines 17.4, fronto-orbital width 11 mm. Sex 
unknown, length 27, width 28.7, width without spines 24, fronto- 
orbital width 14.8 mm. 


Measurements of carapaces of Pitho quadridentata and anisodon of approximate size 


Width | Fronto- 
Females Length | Width | without orbital 
spines width 














Pitho quadridentata____-...-_---- 22.8 2352 
PURO aNtSOG0T2 ee ee 22.6 20.7 


19.5 11.9 
19 il 
Range.—Jamaica. 
Material examined.— 
Port Royal, Jamaica; P. W. Jarvis; 3 males, 2 females (19404). 
Kingston Harbor, Jamaica; T. H. Morgan; 1 male (17204). 1896; 
F. S. Conant; 1 male (19585). 


West Indies; 2 large females and 2 very large carapaces (cotypes, 
Brit. Mus.). 


PITHO LAEVIGATA (A. Milne Edwards) 


Plate 132, figs. 3 and 4; plate 133, fig. 3; plate 250, figs. 11-13 


Cancer mirabilis Hersst, Naturg. d. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 2, 1794, p. 152 
(part), not pl. 37, fig. 3. 

Othonia laevigata A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 116; 1878, 
pl. 24, figs. 2-2b (type-locality, Antilles; holotype in Paris Mus.). 


Diagnosis.—Five lateral teeth subequal; second and third united 
at base. Front narrow. Outer margin of lobe of first movable — 
joint of antenna very arcuate. 

Description.—Carapace subcircular, broader than long, the outer 
margins of the outer orbital teeth converging anteriorly, the fronto- 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA Sie 


orbital distance narrow, less than half the width of the carapace. 
Five large, lateral teeth, flat and broad, except for the sharp tips 
which are curved forward and a little inward; the third and fourth 
teeth are the largest, the first and second nearly as large, the second 
and third slightly united at the base; last sinus widest. Orbital 
teeth blunt or nearly so. Rostral teeth subacute, interspace tri- 
angular, a little narrower than either tooth. The branchial and 
intestinal regions are covered with flattened granules, but sometimes 
appear almost smooth; the remainder of the carapace is covered 
with punctae or scalelike granules, from which proceed hairs. 
Gastro-branchial groove deep. 

The lobe of the first movable segment of the antenna points 
forward, its outer margin is strongly curved. 

Measurements.—Female (53051), entire length of carapace 33, 
entire width 34, width exclusive of spines 30, fronto-orbital width 
15 mm. Male (type), entire length of carapace 34.8, entire width 
40.8, width exclusive of spines 33, fronto-orbital width 16.2, length of 
merus of cheliped 21.5, width of same at middle 4.6 mm. 

Range.—West coast of Florida southward to north coast of 
South America. 

Material examined.— 

St. Martins section, Florida; lat. 28° 34’ 45’’ N.; long. 83° 08’ 
00’’ W.; 534 fathoms; Co. R. Grass; temp. 12.5° C.; January 15, 
1902; station 7221, Fish Hawk; 1 female, variety (46765). 

Antilles; 1 male, holotype (Paris Mus.). 

Sabanilla, Colombia; 1884; Albatross; 1 immature female (15820). 

Chaguamdus Bay, Trinidad; W.O. Crosby; received from Boston 
Soc. Nat. Hist.; 2 ovigerous females (53051). 

Locality not known; 1 carapace, cotype of Cancer mirabilis 
(Herbst), (Berlin Mus.). 

Variations.—In the old females the posterior of the lateral teeth 
is in advance of the line of the gastro-cardiac suture. In the young 
female (15820), the line of that suture if prolonged would cross the 
posterior teeth; in this little specimen also the first and third teeth 
are subequal and larger than the others. 

Most interesting is the female from the west coast of Florida 
(46765) which appears to represent a variety of P. laevigata. It 
differs from the typical form as follows: The second lateral tooth is 
much smaller than any of the others; it is slender, nearly straight, 
and as in typical laevigata, slightly united to the third tooth. The 
distance between the tips of the first and third teeth is less than 
between the third and fourth. The tips of the orbital teeth are 
more acute and are a little curved. 

5487—257 26 





874 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
PITHO DISPAR, new species 


Plate 132, fig. 1; plate 133, fig. 1 


?Othonia quinquedentata AurRiviuuius (not Bell), K. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. 
Handl., vol. 23, 1889, p. 56, pl. 3, fig. 9 (Wreck Bay, St. Thomas). 

Pitho anisodon RaTHBUN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 
(1901), p. 77 (part: specimen from Culebra). i 


Type-locality.—Ensenada Honda, Culebra Island, Porto Rico; 
1 ovigerous female, holotype. (Cat. No. 24205, U.S.N.M.) 

Diagnosis.—Four lateral teeth. Rostral lobes rounded, not 
pointed. Orbital lobes not produced. Lobe of first movable 
segment of antenna small. 

Description.—Carapace longer than wide, oblong-oval and hairy; 
branchial regions sparingly granulate; lateral teeth four, of rather 
small size, the first or anterior tooth low, its sides at right angles to 
each other, end rounded; three remaining teeth broad, curved, with 
a short, sharp point, the second tooth widest, the third most out- 
standing; in the interval between the first and second teeth of the 
left side there is a small tubercle. Rostrum divided into two short, 
rounded lobes or teeth. Orbital angles not produced, inconspicuous, 


Fic. 119—PITHO DISPAR, FEMALE (24205), OUTLINE OF FRONT AND ORBITS, FROM BELOW, X 6. 


anterior margin of preorbital lobe and of basal antennal segment 
transverse, not oblique as in other species; postorbital lobes with 
outer margins converging anteriorly, terminal angle a right angle. 
First movable segment of antenna narrow, a little longer than wide, 
outer lobe short, directed forward. 

Variation.—Only two specimens of the species have been ob- 
served. The second one is also female, but immature and smaller 
than the holotype, and differs from it as follows: The branchial granu- 
lation is scarcely visible; the second lateral teeth lack a sharp tip, 
and may perhaps be broken off; there is no trace of a tubercle between 
first two teeth; the rostral lobes, though very short, are very obtuse- 
angled; the anterior margin of the pre-orbital lobe is slightly oblique; 
the outer margins of the postorbital lobes are subparallel. 

Measurements.—Female, holotype, entire length of carapace 17.3, 
entire width 15.7, width without lateral teeth 14.6, fronto-orbital 
width 8.6 mm. 

Range.—St. Thomas; Porto Rico. 

Material examined.— 

St. Thomas; 1884; Albatross; 1 young female (16189). 











THE SPIDER CBABS OF AMERICA 375 


Ensenada Honda, Culebra Island, Porto Rico; February 10, 1899; 
Fish Hawk; 1 female, holotype (24205). 

Remarks.—The specimen from Wreck Bay, St. Thomas, figured by 
Aurivillius has only four lateral teeth, but the first one is represented 
as similar to, and larger than, the two succeeding teeth. This throws 
doubt on the identity of his species and ours. 


Genus LEPTOPISA Stimpson 


Leptopisa Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 2, 1871, p. 114; type, 
L. setirostris (Stimpson).—RatuBwun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, 
for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 75. 

Leptopisa (subgenus of Tiarinia)» A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 
1875, p. 63. 

Carapace narrow, oblong, tuberculated, with an epibranchial spine, 
but no lateral series of spines. Orbits complete, short, tubular. 
Spines of rostrum long and slender. Basal joint of antenna enlarged, 
armed with spines distally; movable part of antennae very slender 
and partly hidden by rostrum. Buccal cavity very wide; merus of 
outer maxillipeds strongly dilated laterally, wider than ischium and 
notched at inner angle. Chelipeds slender, elongate. Ambulatory 
legs decreasing regularly in length, the first pair very long, last pair 
very short. ; 

Closely allied to Macrocoeloma, from which it differs chiefly in its 
narrow carapace, long horns, and short orbital tubes. 

Contains only the type species. 

LEPTOPISA SETIROSTRIS (Stimpson) 


Plate 134, figs. 1-3; plate 253, fig. 2 


Tiarinia setirostris Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 114 
(type-localities, Key West, 2 to 5 fathoms; near the Tortugas, 9 fathoms; 
on the Fishing Banks, SW. of Loggerhead Key; types destroyed in the 
Chicago fire). 

Leptopisa setirostris Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 114, 
in text—RatuHBuN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2, 
1901, p. 75. 

Leptopisa (subgenus of Tiarinia) setirostris A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. 
Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 64. 

Macroceloma tenuirostra RatHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, 
p. 252, pl. 33, fig. 1 (type-locality, between Jamaica and Haiti, 23 fathoms, 
station 2138, Albatross; type, Cat. No. 6929, U.S.N.M.). 


Diagnosis.—Sides of carapace perpendicular; dorsum tuberculate. 
Rostral horns long, slender, contiguous. 

Description.—Carapace covered with a short pubescence, and 
numerous depressed tubercles; cardiac region with a prominent 
tubercle; mesogastric region with one less high; intestinal region 
with two short median spines; a short, sharp spine at postero-lateral 
angle of branchial region; lateral margins nearly straight, tuberculate ; 


2 eer 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


376 











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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA . mae 


sides perpendicular. Orbit with a short preocular and postocular 
spine and an inferior tubercle on margin of antennal joint. Rostral 
horns about half as long as rest of carapace, slender, tapering, granu- 
late, slightly convex to each other, leaving a narrow interspace at 
base and toward extremity, otherwise contiguous. Basal antennal 
joint with two short distal spines—one at insertion of second joint, 
the other terminating a longitudinal ridge and 
just visible beside rostrum in a dorsal view; 
flagellum filiform. Chelipeds tuberculate ; palm 
slightly compressed, about two and one-half 
times as long as wide in adult male; fingers 
gaping in male, the dactylus with a broad 
basal tooth. Ambulatory legs pubescent. 
Measurements.—Male (47065), entire length 
of carapace 22.., length of rostral horns 7.2, 
branchial width inclusive of spines 9.7, ex- 
clusive of spines 9.3, width between tips of pre- 
ocular spines 6.3 mm. \\ 
Range.—Florida Keys, from Miami south- SN 
ward; West Indies; northern Brazil. Depth,  Fic.120—Lerrorisa semostris 
1 to 40 fathoms. (48658), MAXILLIPED, X 9.16 
Material examined.—See table, page 376. 





Genus ANAPTYCHUS Stimpson 


Anaptychus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 
183 [55]; type, A. cornutus Stimpson. 
Ala LocxinetTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 65 [8]; 
type, A. spinosa Lockington. 
Carapace triangular, broader than long; lat- 
eral and antero-lateral margins laminiform, 
expanded above the bases of the legs and 
coarsely dentate; sides below the laminae 
perpendicular. Orbits complete, small and 
deep, but not tubular. Eyes retractile, cap- 
able of concealment. Rostrum and external 
antennae resembling those of Microphrys. 
Rostrum short, bifid. Spine of basal article of 
Fic 121.—LEPTOPISA SETIROS- : 
TRIS, FEMALE (48667), pasar CXternal antennae long, acute, much like the 
ARTICLE OF ANTENNA wits rostral horn; movable part exposed. Preor- 
et ETP REL SD bital spine prominent, acute; outer orbital 
Pp p ent, ; 
angle dentiform, minute; superior orbital fissures closed, inconspic- 
uous. Merus of endognath of external maxillipeds broader than 
long, external angle abruptly prominent, inner angle sinuous at the 
insertion of the palp; exognath wide, armed on the inner side with a 
strong, exposed tooth. 





378 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


ANAPTYCHUS CORNUTUS Stimpson 


Plate 134, figs. 4 and 5; plate 254, fig. 1 


Anaptychus cornutus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, 
p. 184 [56], pl. 2, figs. 1, la, 1b (type-locality, Pinacate Bay, near Guay- 
mas, Gulf of California; type, male, not extant).—A. Mintne Epwarps, 
Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 67, pl. 19, figs. 1-1b.— Kina@s.Ey, Proc. Boston 
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 20, 1879, p. 146. 

Ala spinosa Locki1neTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 (1877), 
p. 66 [4] (type-localities, La Paz, San José Island and Port Escondido, all 
in Gulf of California; types not extant). 

Mitrax trigonopus Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, ser. 1, vol. 3, 1889, p. 183, 
pl. 7, fig. 8 (type-locality, Panama; type in Naples Mus.?). 

Mithraz trigonopus RatHsBuN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 575. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace broader than long. Antero-lateral margin 
a thin, tridentate crest. Rostral and antennal spines similar and 


subequal. Chelipeds and legs cristate. 


Fic. 122.—ANAPTYCHUS CORNUTUS, MALE, TYPE. a, ANTENNAL REGION, VENTRAL VIEW. 0. MAXILLIPED, 
(AFTER STIMPSON.) 


Description.—Carapace covered with minute tufts.of very short 
setae. Upper surface nearly level, but the gastric, cardiac and 
inner part of branchial region slightly protuberant; nine or ten low 
tubercles on the gastric region. Antero-lateral margin with three 
large triangular sublaminiform teeth behind the orbit, separated 
from each other by regularly curved sinuses. Posterior margin with 
a crest interrupted on each side; the middle portion being arcuated, 
six-lobed and fringed with pencils of stout, longish setae. Rostrum 
from one-fourth to one-fifth as long as remainder of carapace, and 
cleft nearly to its base; horns acute. 

Chelipeds a little longer than the first pair of ambulatory legs, but 
scarcely thicker; merus with five or six blunt, somewhat laminiform 
spines; outer surface of carpus with a laminiform, longitudinal crest 
through the middle and tubercles on each side; hand unarmed, 
minutely granulate; fingers narrowly gaping, crenulate within, tips 
not spoon-shaped within. Inferior surface covered with short, stout 














THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 379 


setae, and some rows of long, stout setae on sternum and legs. Legs 
with merus and carpus bicristate above, propodus unicristate, crests 
divided into a few large lobes or teeth. These, as well as the lobes of 
the chelipeds are each tipped with a cluster of setae. 

Measurements.—Male (46076), total length of carapace 16.8, width 
18.3, length of horns 1.8 mm. Male, holotype, length 25.4, width 
31.4 mm. (Stimpson). Female (Tepoca Bay), total length of car- 
apace 27.3, width 32.8 mm. 

Range.—Gulf of California to Panama. 

Material examined.— 

Lower California; M. Diguet; 2 immature females (Paris Mus.). 

Tepoca Bay, Sonora, Mexico; April 15, 1921; Fred Baker, Cal. 
Acad. Exped.; 2 females (Cal. Acad.). 

Pinacate Bay, Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico; Capt. C. M. P. Stone; 
1 ovigerous female, paratype (331, M. C. Z.); described and figured 
by A. Milne Edwards. 

Manzanillo, State of Colima, Mexico; on drifted pile; July 17, 
1913; C. R. Orcutt; 1 male (46076). 

Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama, Panama; S. W. Garman; 1 male 
(2039, M. C. Z.). 

Remarks.—As Kingsley‘ has remarked, of one of Lockington’s 
cotypes, the first lobe of the antero-lateral margin is narrower and 
more slender than figured by Stimpson, his type being a larger speci- 
men. 

Genus MITHRAX Latreille 


Mithrar LarTrEILuE, Régne Anim. de Cuvier, vol. 3, 1817, p. 23; type, M. 
hispidus (Herbst). 
Trachonites LATREILLE, in Desmarest, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. 28, 1823, p. 263; 
type, M. hispidus (Herbst). 
Mithraculus Wuite, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 7; type, M. coronatus 
White (part) =M. sculptus (Lamarck). 
Nemausa A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 80; type, N. 
spinipes (Bell). 
Carapace ovate or oblong-ovate, either broader than long or 
slightly longer than broad. Antero-lateral margin bearing usually 
four, sometimes three, spines or lobes behind the orbit; postero- 
lateral margin sometimes having a spine or tubercle. The front has 
two small rostral horns, either pointed or truncate, sometimes very 
short, and beside them are other spines or prominences, either pre- 
orbital or antennal. Orbital borders more or less spinous or tubercu- 
‘lous. Antenna short; basal article wide, armed in front with two 
or three spines or lobes; second article inserted outside the orbit, at 
base of rostrum. Merus of outer maxillipeds wide and dilated 
outwardly; exognath wide. Sternal plastron almost circular. 








4 Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 20, 1879, p. 146. 


880 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Chelipeds long and strong, especially in male; fingers deeply 
hollowed out at tip, gaping considerably when shut. Legs robust, 
armed with spines and terminated by hooked dactyls which are often 
armed with spines on lower surface. Abdomen of male formed of 
seven free segments. 

Restricted to America and the Bermudas. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS MITHRAX 


Al, Carapace without smooth, oblique, branchial sulci_Subgenus Mithrax, p. 383. 
B!. Manus armed above with spines or spinules. 
C!. Two spines only on basal segment of antenna_-_-_-_- spinosissimus, p. 383. 
C*, Three spines on basal segment of antenna. 
D'. Carapace not paved with flattened granules. 
E'. Carapace widest between tips of fourth antero-lateral spines (not 
counting orbital spine). 
F', Three or four supraorbital spines, exclusive of preorbital and 
exorbital spines. Propodites of legs very long and slender. 
cornutus, p. 386. 
F?2, Two supraorbital spines only, exclusive of preorbital and exor- 
bital spines. Propodites of legs moderate. Size small. 
acuticornis (over 18 mm. long), p. 388. 
2. Carapace as wide between tips of third antero-lateral spines as 
between tips of fourth spines. Carapace closely granulate and 
tuberculate and densely pilose _----_.......-__- pilosus, p. 394. 
D2, Carapace paved with flattened granules, concealed by short hair. 
verrucosus, young, p. 400. 
B?. Manus not armed above with spines or spinules. 
C!. Rostral horns sharp or acute. 
D'. Rostral horns elongate. 
E!. A tubercle at middle of proximal end of outer surface of manus. 
orcutti, p. 397. 
E2. No tubercle on outer surface of manus. 
F!, Carapace with a lateral angle. Size small. 
G!. Hepatic and first branchial spine bifid, or with a secondary 
Spiness= ase acuticornis, small (under 18 mm. long), p. 388. 
G?*. Hepatic and first branchial spine simple____spinipes, p. 391. 
F?. Carapace with sides rounded, without angle. 
G'. No sharp spines, only tubercles or stout, blunt spines on dorsal 
surface oficarapace Yau pate Eh ae armatus, p. 399. 
G?. Some spines on dorsal surface of carapace __ rostratus, p. 386. 
D*. Rostral horns very short. Carapace ovate-oblong. 
E!. A well marked postero-lateral spine. 
F'. Four stout antero-lateral spines___.hemphilli, immature, p. 395. 
F?. Only two antero-lateral spines ______.._.__._-_-- holderi, p. 392. 
K?. A small postero-lateral tubercle. Carapace densely pubescent. 
bahamensis, p. 393. 
C*. Rostral horns blunt, either subtruncate or tuberculiform. 
D'. Carapace paved with close-set granules or tubercles. 
E'. Carapace paved with convex tubercles each of which is gran- 
Ube cre rere eu teeyi a ened ot Seem 9 ann _-hemphilli, mature, p. 395. 
E?. Carapace paved with flat, tessellated granules. : 
I'. Lateral margins of carapace spinous. Wrist nearly smooth above, 
three tubercles on inner edge_____ -____.-- verrucosus, p. 400. 




















THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 881 


F?, Lateral margins of carapace with lumpy protuberances. Wrist 

tuberculate above, five tubercles on inner margin_bellii, p. 403. 

D*. Carapace not paved with close-set granules or tubercles. 

E!. Six or more antero-lateral spines or spinules. Chelipeds and am- 
bulatory, légs’elongare= 222 Se eC or e ae pygmaeus, p. 406. 

E?. Four or three antero-lateral spines or spines and tubercles. 

F', Carapace nearly smooth; marginal spines simple. 

braziliensis, p. 404. 
F?. Carapace more or less lumpy; marginal spines more or less 
complex, either with a secondary spine or accessory tubercles. 
G'. Only two spines, lobes or teeth on basal segment of antenna. 
H'. A spine on, or just above, postero-lateral margin of carapace. 

J', Carapace with areolations smooth (non-granulate). Three 
curved spines on antero-lateral margin of branchial 
region. 

K!, Two parallel and nearly transverse rows of well marked 
tubercles and spines on postero-lateral region. 

caribbaeus, of smal] or medium size, p. 409. 

K?. One row of not more than two or three well marked 
tubercles and spines on _ postero-lateral region. 
Prehensile edges of fingers of very old specimens 
entire, not crenulated, in the gape, except on the 
tubercles ie e290 ty Tet EE hispidus, p. 406. 

J?. Carapace with areolations granulate. Two large lobes and 
a spine on antero-lateral margin; the first lobe hepatic. 

tuberculatus, p. 418. 
H?. A tubercle, instead of a spine, on, or just above, postero- 
lateral margin of carapace. 

J'. Carapace very wide, the anterior, marginal, branchial lobe 
strikingly protuberant. Postero-lateral slope of cara- 
pace smooth, behind the row of two conical tubercles 
which leads obliquely inward from the spine at the 
lateralangle. Rostral sinus V—shaped__-tortugae, p. 417. 

J2. Carapace narrower, the anterior, branchial protuberance 
not strikingly prominent. Postero-lateral slope of cara- 
pace rough with a few tubercles or granules. 

K!. A well-marked, postero-lateral tubercle present, which 
is the outermost of a transverse row of three, this 
row having a similar row in front of it. Prehensile 
edges of fingers crenulated along the gape. Rostral 
sints:U-shaped==:2u= 22 =5== caribbaeus, large, p. 409. 

K2, An almost transverse row of two large tubercles leads 
inward from the spine at the lateral angle; the tuber- 
cles behind and immediately in front of it are all 
very small, or granules. Rostral sinus V-shaped in 
young, U-shaped in old__-_-_- pleuracanthus, p. 411. 

G?. Three spines on basal segment of antenna. 
H!. Lateral spines of carapace simple. Wrist smooth except 
for a lobe on inner margin_---------- laevimanus, p. 419. 
H2. Lateral protuberances of carapace not simple. Wrist 
granulate, three or four granules on inner margin. 
sinensis, p. 419. 


382 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


A?, Carapace with smooth, oblique, branchial sulci. Rostral horns very short. 
Minor teeth of orbit tuberculiform, inconspicuous. 


Subgenus Mithraculus, p. 421. 
B'. Carapace broader than long. 


Cl. Antero-lateral margins cut into rounded lobes only. 
D!. Antero-lateral margin cut into three lobes. 
E!. Posterior part of carapace eroded. Inner or anterior margin of 


cheliped laminate, up to middle of palm____-_~__-_ nodosus, p. 429. 

E?. Posterior part of carapace nodose, not eroded. Inner margin of 

chelipedmot laminate s--55=2 ost Senses 8 coryphe, p. 426. 

D2. Antero-lateral margin cut into four lobes. Wrist smooth, margin not 

laminate mor dentate ma 202 tee Le eee sculptus, p. 422. 

C?. Antero-lateral margins cut into spines or angular lobes or spines and 
‘lobes. 

D!. Four antero-lateral protuberances behind the orbit. Wrist smooth 

above and with: onemnner tooth.2-5_-2 52 f52-—_— forceps, p. 431. 


D?. Three antero-lateral protuberances behind the orbit. Wrist more or 
less uneven above. 
E!. Carapace nearly half wider than long. Two lobes of basal segment 
of antenna equally advanced_____---_---- denticulatus, p. 428. 
E?2. Carapace not much wider than long. Two lobes of basal segment 
of antenna not equally advanced. 
F!. Wrist obscurely tuberculate. Palm without tubercle on outer 
surface at articulation with wrist.______------- ruber, p. 432. 
F2, Wrist prominently tuberculate. Palm with small depressed 
tubercle on outer surface at articulation with wrist. 
areolatus, p. 433. 
B2) Carapacelonger thant broadens mene eee cinctimanus, p. 438. 


DOUBTFUL SPECIES 


A!. Carapace one-fourth longer than wide, without spines or lateral angle. 
leucomelas, p. 421. 


Acs NotidescribeGiec sta) aa rs Mithrax, sp. indet. (Valparaiso), p. 421. 
A’. Figured but not described. May be a young Mithrax.__-_- ‘‘Manilatus poeyi 
omnes tes 


ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT 


Atlantic Pacific 
SPINOSISSUMUS. rostratus. 
acuticornis. spinipes. 
hemphilli. orcuttt. 
verrucosus. bellit. 
cory phe. denticulatus. 
ruber. areolatus. 


SPECIES ONCE REFERRED TO MITHRAX, NOW IN OTHER GENERA 48 


Mithraz affinis Brito Capello =Schizophrys aspera (Milne Edwards). 

Mithrax asper Milne Edwards = Schizophrys aspera (Milne Edwards). 

Mithrax quadridentatus MacLeay=Schizophrys aspera (Milne 
Edwards). 





47 Gundlach and Torralbas, An. Acad. Habana, vol. 36, 1899 (1900), text-fig. on p. 330; reprint, 1917, 
pl. [4], fig. 8. 
48 See also the index to this volume. 





mati mala, wpm Cael s 

















THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 383 


Mithrax spinifrons A. Milne Edwards=Schizophrys aspera (Milne 
Edwards). 

Mithrax triangularis Kossmann=Schizophrys aspera (Milne Ed- 
wards). 

Mithraz suborbicularis Stimpson = Cyclax suborbicularis (Stimpson). 


Subgenus MITHRAX 


Carapace without conspicuous, smooth, oblique, branchial sulci. 
Rostral horns usually as long as wide, sometimes elongate and spini- 
form. Minor teeth or tubercles of orbit plainly marked, though 
small. 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) SPINOSISSIMUS (Lamarck) 


CANGREJO DE LA SANTA VIRGEN (Cuba); CABOUCA (Martinique) 
Plate 135 


The Lazy Crab Huauss, Nat. Hist. Barbados, 1750, p. 262, pl. 25, fig. 1 (part: 
chelipeds and legs only). 

Cangrejo Santoya Parra, Descripcion de diferentes piezas de historia natural, 
1787, p. 122, pl. 44. 

?Cangrejo Denton Parra, Descripcion de diferentes piezas de historia natural, 
1787, p. 136, pl. 51, fig. 1. 

Maia spinosissima LAMARCK, Hist. Nat. des Anim. sans Vert., vol. 5, 1818, 
p. 241 (type-locality, Ile-de-France; type in Paris Mus.). Locality 
erroneous. 

Mithrax spinosissimus MILNE Epwarps, Mag. Zool., vol. 2, 1832, classe 7, 
pl. 2 (colored) and 3 and description (Antilles; Martinique).—RatuHBoun, 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 261, and synonymy.—GuNDLACH 
and TorraupBas, An. Acad. Habana, vol. 36, 1899 (1900), p. 305, text-fig. 
on p. 326; reprint, 1917, p. 14, pl. [3], fig. 7. 

Mithrax hispidus Dor.EINn (not Herbst), Sitz. k. bayer. Akad. Wiss., math.- 
phys. Cl., vol. 29, 1899, p. 179; St. Pierre, Martinique, 4 to 5 fathoms. 

Diagnosis.—Large, carapace without lateral angle. Three supra- 
orbital spines between preorbital and postorbital spme. Fifth lateral 
spine in line with gastro-cardiac suture. No spine on basal antennal 
segment at articulation of next segment. 

Description of adult.—Carapace nearly naked, subcircular, about as 
broad as long; cervical suture deep; hepatic and cardiac regions dis- 
tinctly delimited; surface rough with short spines, those in the center 
of the carapace blunt, those elsewhere sharp. MRostral horns nar- 
row, extremity obliquely truncate and granulate, separated by a 
U-shaped sinus of equal length and breadth; at base of horns, two 
stout spines and behind these, two others similar but farther apart. 
Preorbital spine stouter than rostral horn, truncate and much less 
advanced than rostrum; between this and the truncate postocular 
lobe there are three smaller teeth; on the suborbital margin one acute 
spine outside the antennal segment; two spines on the antennal seg- 


384 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


ment, the outer one small and acute, the inner one similar to the ros- 
trum but a little more advanced, and bearing a secondary spine or 
spinule on the outer side near the end. Six spines on lateral margin, 
the first two double, the first one occupying the hepatic region, the last 
one smallest and on the postero-lateral margin. One suborbital, two 
large subhepatic, and numerous subbranchial spines, besides one at 
the angle of the buccal cavity and a row of three on the pterygosto- 
mian region. 

Chelipeds of male massive, much longer than legs; merus armed 
with numerous stout spines, of which eight or nine are on the outer 
margin, the rest irregularly disposed; carpus dotted with unequal 
spines of which about 5 are on the inner margin; manus high, com- 
pressed, armed above with a more or less double row of spines; and 
on the inner surface with two to four spines on the proximal half. 
In the old males the spines of the cheliped tend to become blunt _ 
and tuberculiform, those of the arm retaining their spinous character 
the longest. Fingers curved, leaving a wide gape, in the middle of 
which is a strong tooth on the dactyl. Tips with crenated edges 
behind which are a few low tubercles. 

Legs spinous and coarsely hairy, hair most dense on the last 
2 segments; propodus very elongate and compressed. 

Chelipeds of adult female no longer and not much stouter than 
legs of first pair; manus tapering a little distally; fingers narrowly 
gaping, with numerous denticles on the prehensile edges. 

Medium-sized specimens.—The carapace is relatively longer, all 
the spines are sharper than in the old, the rostral horns curve inward 
at the tips which are sharp; the carapace is short-hairy; the chelipeds 
of both sexes are small, the gape occupies only about half length of 
fingers. 

Young.—The last-mentioned characters are exaggerated, the 
rostral horns are relatively much longer and slender, being about 
one-fifth as long as remainder of carapace, two spines on the sub- 
orbital margin outside the antennal segment, the chelipeds are no 
longer or stouter than the last pair of legs, the gape of the fingers is 
reduced. 

Color.—Vinous red with yellowish tints (A. Milne Edwards). 
Bright carmine (A. H. Verrill). Thorax dark red, ambulatories 
brick red, chelipeds rose red with yellow fingers (Doflein). 

Measurements—This is the largest species of Mithrax. Male 
(41777), entire length of carapace 170, length exclusive of horns 
163, width just in front of fourth branchial spines 167, width between 
tips of fourth branchial spines 174, greatest width across subbranchial 
regions 184, length of manus below 187, above 97, greatest height of 
manus, including tubercle, 74.3 mm. 








- THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 385 


Range.—Carolina, Bahamas, and Florida Keys to the West Indies. 

Material examined.— 

Either North or South Carolina; Rev. M. A. Curtis; chelipeds of a 
very large specimen (22899). 

Carysfort Reef, Florida, 120 miles NE. of Key West; 1884; Edward 
Palmer; 2 females (1 shedding) (9257). 

Grassy Key Lake, Florida; 334 miles NW. \% N. of E. end of 
Grassy Key; 8 feet; rky.; January 28, 1903; station 7431, Fish Hawk; 
1 young (46876). t 

Grassy Key Lake, Florida; 234 miles N. 144 W. of Channel Key; 
7.5 feet; rky.; January 29, 1903; station 7440, Fish Hawk; 1 young 
male (46972). f 

Key West, Florida: December, 1883; D. S. Jordan; 1 female 
(5758). 1884; Albatross; 1 male, 2 females (7339). 1885; Henry 
Hemphill; 5 males, 3 females, 2 young (9258). C. N. E. Eliot; 1 
young (22987). January 28 and February 3, 1901; B. A. Bean and 
W. H. King; 2 young (24852). 

Garden Key, Dry Tortugas, Florida; 1 male (15081). 

Florida; G. Wurdemann; 3 males, 2 females (2093). 

Florida Keys; Fish Hawk; 1 young (46877). 

Esperanza, Cuba; shallow water about keys; May, 1914; stations 
1 and 2, Tomas Barrera Exped., Bartsch and Henderson; 3 females 
(2 ovigerous) (48395). 

Los Arroyas, Cuba; May 20, 1914; station 8, Tomas Barrera Exped., 
Bartsch and Henderson; 7 young (48668). 

Havana, Cuba; June 4, 1884; D. S. Jordan; 1 ovigerous female 
(7854), with many young stalked barnacles attached. 

Off Havana, Cuba; lat. 23° 10’ 39’” N.; long. 82° 20’ 08’” W.; 98 
fathoms; Co.; April 30, 1884; station 2159, Albatross; fragments 
(6943). 

Harbor of Santiago de Cuba; May, 1907; Lewis Brooks; 1 male, 
very large (41777). 

Kingston Harbor, Jamaica; 1893; R. P. Bigelow; 1 male (17988). 

Jamaica; 1910; C. B. Wilson; 1 ovigerous female (43090), covered 
with bryozoans, serpulids, and red foraminifera. 

Jeremie, Hayti; Dr. D. F. Weinland; 1 male (1963, M. C. Z.). 

St. Thomas; December, 1871; U. S. C. S. S. Hassler; 2 males, 1 
female (1962, M. C. Z.). 

Simson’s Bay lagoon, St. Martin, Dutch West Indies; shallow 
water; September, 1905; J. Boeke; 1 male, 1 female (Mus. Leiden 
and Amsterdam). 

Bay of Philipsburg, St. Martin, Dutch West Indies; September, 
1905; Dr. Shaw; 1 young female (42976). 

Guadeloupe; from Museum of L. Guesde; 1 female (4095). 


386 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) ROSTRATUS Bell 
Plate 255 


Mithrax rostratus Bex, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 171 
(type-locality not given; type not extant); Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 
1836, p. 51, pl. 10, figs. 1-1b.—A. Mitng Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 
1875, p. 101. : 


Diagnosis.—Size medium. Carapace tuberculate and spinous; 
without lateral angle. Wrists covered with warty tubercles. 

Description (after Bell).—Carapace rounded, anteriorly produced; 
moderately elevated, regions distinct; surface granulate and tubercu- 
late, and with the margins and outer part of-the branchial regions 
spinous. Rostral horns elongate, apices curved inward. Orbit 
nearly circular, surrounded with warty tubercles. Antennae rather 
longer than rostrum; basal joint with a tuberculated tooth at its 
outer angle; second and third joints rather broad, with long hairs 
on each side; fourth joint cylindrical and elongated. 

Chelipeds of male moderately robust, of female rather slender; 
movable finger in male with a tuberclenear base; hand smooth, 
other jomts spinous and tuberculated. Legs spinous and tubercu- 
late, excepting on the last two joints which, like the others, are 
hairy; dactyls of male furnished with a series of small denticulations 
beneath; female without them. 

Color.—Lightish brown; hands mottled. 

Measurements.—Length of carapace, 2 inches 2 lines (about 53 
mm.), including rostrum which is 4 lines (about 10 mm.) long and 
2 lines broad; width of carapace nearly 2 inches. 

Locality.—Bell describes this species among a lot of ‘‘ Crustacea of 
the Coasts of South America.”’ A. Milne Edwards thinks that it is 
probably from the Galapagos Islands. It has not been collected 
since the original description. 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) CORNUTUS Saussure 
Plate 137, figs. 3 and 4; plate 256 
CORAL CRAB; RED SPIDER CRAB (Verrill) 


Cangrejo espinoso Parra, Descripcion de diferentes piezas de historia natural, 
1787, p..127, pl. 47, fig. 1. 

Mithrax cornutus Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool., ser. 2, vol. 9, 1857, p. 501 
(type-locality, Antilles; cotypes in Geneva Mus.); Mém. Soe. Phys. 
Genéve, vol. 14, 1858, p. 423 [7]—A. Miutne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. 
Mex., 1875, p. 97, pl. 22.—MukErs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, 
pp. 86 and 87.—VeERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 13, 1908, 
p. 400. 


Diagnosis.—Antero-lateral spines not all in the same line, the last 
one situated at lateral angle of carapace. Three spines on basal 
antennal article. Three or four spineson supraorbital margin ex- 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 387 


clusive of preorbital spine. Two rows of spines above palm, Propo- 
dites of legs long and slender. 

Description.—A large species, resembling M. spinosissimus, the 
dorsum being armed with short, sharp spines. Carapace and ap- 
pendages covered with a short woolly pubescence; legs furnished 
also with rather scanty, long, fine hairs. Rostral horns regularly 
tapering, much longer in the young than in the old. In small speci- 
mens the rostrum is contained from two and two-thirds to three 
and one-half times in remaining carapace-length. Besides the pre- 
orbital spine and the 2 spines of the antennal segment, there are 6 
spines on the margin of the orbit, 3 inferior and lateral, 3 superior, 
according to A. Milne Edwards. In the specimen in hand there is 
still another superior spine—that is, 4 in all—of which 2 are on the 
outer slope of the preorbital spine, next one larger, independent, 
fourth one smallest, on the inner slope of the extraorbital spine. 
This last is not shown by A. Milne Edwards, although his figure has 
an unequal number of spines on the two orbits. In small specimens, 
under 33 mm. long, there are only 2 spines on the supraorbital mar- 
gin, between the supraocular and postocular spines. Antero-lateral 
spines 4, the first or hepatic spine being triple, the other spines double, 
or with a secondary spine in front of the primary spine; fourth spine 
situated at the lateral angle of the carapace, opposite the gastro- 
cardiac suture and a little below the level of the line of the preced- 
ing spines; a shorter postlateral spine, also one similar to the latter, 
alittle higher up on the dorsal surface. The longest spine of the basal 
antennal segment has 2 or 3 spinules on its outer margin in a medium- 
sized specimen (32717); a small sharp spine is at the base of the fol- 
lowing segment of the antenna. 

Chelipeds stout, longer than any of the legs in the male; about 5 
rows of spines on the merus, the spines of the 2 upper rows longest 
and sharpest; carpus armed with a number of sharp spines; hand 
elongate armed with 2 rows of spines above. Two rows of long 
spines and 2 rows of short spines on the merus joints of the legs; 
carpus joints armed with long spines; propodus joints long, narrow, 
subcylindrical and little roughened. Dactyli long and slender. 

Color.—Y ellowish or rosy; often rose-color (Saussure). 

Measurements.—Male (Martinique), length of carapace 92, width 
90; length of manus 82, length of legs of first pair 135 mm. (A. 
Milne Edwards). Female (Martinique), length of carapace 65, 
width 59, length of manus 33, length of legs of first pair 90 mm. 
(A. Milne Edwards). Female (32717), total length of carapace 40.4, 
length without horns 31.5, width without spines 26, with spines 
32 mm. 

Range.—From Florida Straits (46 miles south of Key West), 589 
fathoms (Miers), to Bahia, Brazil, in shallow water. Dominica, 40 


388 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


to 150 fathoms (A. E. Verrill). Martinique (A. Milne Edwards). 
Bermuda (A. E. Verrill). 

Material examined.— 

Antilles; 2 females, cotypes (Geneva Mus.). 


Off Havana, Cuba; lat. 23° 10’ 48’” N.; long. 82° 19’ 15” W.; 


121 fathoms; fne. gy. Co.; Jan. 17, 1885; station 2330, Albatross; 
1 carapace (9502). 

Between Jamaica and Haiti; lat. 17° 43’ 40’’ N. long. 75° 38’ 
25'’ W.; 52 fathoms; Co. brk. Sh.; Feb. 29, 1884; station 2136, 
Albatross; 1 male (7760). 

Soufriére Bay, Dominica; 100 fathoms; A. H. Verrill; 1 female 
(32717). } 

Bahia, Brazil; shallow water; H. M. S. Challenger; 1 small male 
(Copenhagen Mus.). 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) ACUTICORNIS Stimpson 
Plate 136, figs. 1 and 2; plate 257, fig. 1 


Mithrax acuticornis Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1870, p. 116 
(type-localities, off the Quicksands [Florida], 34 fathoms, and west of the 
Tortugas, 37 and 42 fathoms; types not extant).—A. Minne Epwarps, 
Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 98.—Ratusoun, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., 
vol. 20, for 1900, part 2 (1901), p. 66 (part)—A. Minne Epwarps and 
Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 47, 1923, p. 390, pl. 11, fig. 11, 
text-figs. 22 and 23 (??). 

Nemausa rostrata A. Minune Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 81, pl. 17, 
fig. 4 (type-localities, west of Florida, lat. 26° 16’ N., 20 fathoms; near 
Mujeres, Yucatan, 12 fathoms; Martinique; cotypes, 1934, 1935, 1936, 
M.' CZ.) 

Mithrax (Nemausa) acuticornis Ratuspun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 
1892, p. 260 (part), pl. 37, fig. 1. 

Diagnosis.—Small. Carapace with lateral angle. Two supra- 
orbital spines between preorbital and postorbital spine. Fourth 
lateral spine at lateral angle of carapace and behind the line of the 
gastro-cardiac suture. A small spine on basal antennal article at 
articulation of next article. 

Description.—A ‘small species. Carapace distinctly longer than 
broad, forming an angle at the meeting of the antero-lateral and 
postero-lateral margins. Cervical and cardiac sutures deep. Sur- 
face covered with sharp spines which are very short and scanty on 
the gastric region, longer and more numerous elsewhere. Rostral 
horns straight except for a slight curving inward at the tip, divergent, 
regularly tapering, and varying in length from one-seventh to one- 
sixth of the length of the remainder of the carapace. Principal 
spine of basal antennal article straight or slightly curved and half as 
long as rostrum; two other spines on the article, one of which forms 
part of the orbital border and the other, very small, lies at the base 
of the following, or first movable, article; in the larger specimens 














THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 389 


there is also a small, rectangular tooth on the outer margin, close to 
the orbit. The orbit is armed with one spine below, outside the 
antenna, one at outer angle, and three above, of which the prominent 
preorbital spine is one.*® Four large antero-lateral spines and one 
postero-lateral; the first, or hepatic, spine is double, having a small 
spine on its anterior side; the next three antero-lateral spines have 
each a small spine in front of it; the last of these antero-lateral 
spines is the longest and is situated at the lateral angle of the carapace, 
below the level of the others; the postero-lateral spine is shorter than 
the four antero-lateral. 

Chelipeds of male about as long and as stout as the legs of the first 
pair; Merus spinous, with two rows of long spines above; carpus 
covered with short, conical, subacute spines or tubercles, three of 
which are on the inner margin; manus with one or a few spinules 
above near proximal end; these are evident only in larger specimens, 
scarcely a trace in those with a carapace-length less than 18 mm.; 
fingers with a short and narrow gape, edges denticulate, a larger 
denticle on the dactylus in the middle of the gape. The spines on the 
legs are arranged in two rows above on the merus and carpus and are 
especially long in the first two pairs. 

Color.—General color, deep red orange. Fingers somewhat purplish 
red with narrow white bands near bases (Henderson). 

Measurements.—Male (25592), total length of carapace 21, length 
without horns 18.2, width without spines 15.8, width with spines 18 
mm. Largest specimen, male (46964), total length 24, without horns 
20.5, width without spines 17, with spines about 20 mm. 

Range.—Gulf of Mexico (west coast of Florida); Florida Keys from 
Miami westward; Yucatan Channel. Porto Rico, Santa Cruz, 
Flannegan Passage, Montserrat and Grenadines (A. Milne Edwards 
for Nemausa rostrata). Off Bahia, Brazil. Depth, 12 to 45 fathoms; 
to 163 fathoms (A. M. E.). 

Material examined. See table, page 390. 

Remarks.— M. acuticornis, of which no large specimens have yet 
been reported, may very easily be confused with the young of JZ, 
cornutus and M. spinosissimus. 'The body of spinosissimus, young, is 
rounder than in the other two species; the gastric region is less 
uneven in cornutus, young, and its granulation finer, sharper and less 
regular; rostrum of acuticornis shorter than in specimens of equal 
size of the other two species. The other notable differences are 
tabulated below (p. 391). 





49 Stimpson in his description gives six spiniform teeth to the orbit, not including those of the antennal 
joint, but this appears to be an error. 

8 As this small species has in the past been confused with the young of other species, only such specimens 
are included in the table as have been subject to careful revision. 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 


391 


Comparison of Mithrax acuticornis with spinosissimus and cornutus 





spinosissimus, young 


Two well-developed spines on 
lower margin of orbit between 
outer spine and antennal segment. 


No spine on basal antennal seg- 
ment at articulation of next seg- 
ment. 

Carapace without lateral angle; 
the antero-lateral and _ postero- 
lateral margins curve gradually 
into each other. 


The fifth lateral spine, counting 
the hepatic as the first, is in line 
with the gastro-cardiac suture. 





acuticornis 


One spine and a shallow lobe, 
sometimes spine-tipped, on lower 
margin of orbit between outer 
spine and antennal segment. 

A small, sharp spine on basal 
antennal segment at articulation 
of next segment. 

Carapace with a lateral angle 
formed by the meeting of the 
antero-lateral and postero-lateral 
margins, and armed with one of 
the longest marginal spines. 

The fourth lateral spine is a 
little behind the line of the gastro- 
cardiac suture. 


cornutus, young 


Two well-developed spines on 
lower margin of orbit between 
outer spine and antennal segment. 


A small, sharp spine on basal 
antennal segment at articulation 
of next segment. 

Carapace with a lateral angle 
formed by the meeting of the an- 
tero-lateral and _ postero-lateral 
margins and armed with one of, 
the longest marginal spines. 

The fourth lateral spine is a 
little behind the line of the gastro- 
cardiac suture. 


Ps ee ee ee eee 








MITHRAX (MITHRAX) SPINIPES (Bell) 5! 
Plate 136, figs. 3 and 4; plate 262, fig. 5 


Pisa spinipes Bruy, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 171 
(type-localities, Galapagos, 16 fathoms (male); St. Elena, 6 fathoms 
(female); types not extant); Trans. Zool. Soe. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 50, 
pl. 9, figs. 6, 6s, 6t, 6u. 

Nemausa spinipes A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 82. 

Mithrax (Nemausa) spinipes Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, 


p. 85. 
Diagnosis—Small. Horns long. Hepatic and first branchial 
spine single. Two small spinules side by side on anterior mesogastric 
region. 


Description.—Carapace similar to that of M. acuticornis, having a 
lateral angle at which is situated a prominent spine a little below the 
level of the other marginal spines; as in that species, there are 5 lateral 
spines besides the orbital, the last and smallest being postlateral; the 
hepatic and the first branchial spine are single, not double as in 
acuticornis. On the anterior part of the mesogastric region and a 
little in front of the line of 4 protogastric spines, there are two small 
spinules side by side instead of a single one, as in acuticornis. The 
spines of the rostrum, orbits, and basal antennal segment correspond 
to those of acuticornis. The small and immature male examined 
shows several spines on the dorsal surface of the wrist but none on 
the inner margin and none on the upper edge of the palm. Legs 
much as in acuticornis. 

Measurements.—Male (16064), entire length of carapace 13, length 
from base of rostral horns 11, width without spines 8.2, with spines 
10.3 mm. 

Range.—From Gulf of California to Galapagos Islands and St. 
Elena, Ecuador. Depth, 6 to 33 fathoms. 

Material examined.—Gulf of California; lat. 24° 55’ 15’’ N.; long. 
110° 39’ 00’’ W.; 33 fathoms; fne. gy. S. brk. Sh.; temp. 64.5°; sta- 
tion 3001, Str. Albatross; 1 male immature (16064). 





51 Tf Cancer spinipes Herbst (Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse., vol. 1, 1790, p. 239, pl. 17, fig. 94) be a Mithraz, 
then Bell’s species needs a new specific name. 


3892 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) HOLDERI Stimpson 
Plate 138, figs. 1 and 2; pl. 257, fig. 2 


Mithraw subspinosus Kroyer, MS. labels in Copenhagen Mus. 

Mithrax holderi Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 117 
(type-locality, Tortugas, 7 fathoms; type not extant).—Ratuegun, Bull. 
Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 259, pl. 3, fig. 2; Bull. U.S. 
Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, part 2 (1901), p. 69. 

Diagnosis.—Elongate, ovate-oblong. Carapace without dense pu- 
bescence, but uneven with many areolae and tubercles. <A well- - 
marked postero-lateral spine. 

Description.—Carapace suboblong, length definitely greater than 
width, lateral angles far back. Carapace covered in the main with 
small areolae, each of which is surmounted by from one to several 
pointed granules or tubercles; the largest of these tubercles are four 
which form an arch above the posterior margin and one above the 
postero-lateral branchial spine. The surface has much the appear- 
ance of a Microphrys. There are only two large antero-lateral mar- 
ginal spines—one on the swollen hepatic region, and the other at the 
lateral angle; in front of the latter, a small spine; one of intermediate 
size on the postero-lateral margin; all are hooked forward at the tip. 
Rostral horns short, triangular, tips turned inward. The basal seg- 
ment of antenna bears three spines, the one at the antero-lateral angle 
longer than the rostral horns and reaching nearly as far forward, a 
shorter one on orbital margin and a small but sharp one at the base 
of the next segment. Movable portion of antennae bordered laterally 
by long hairs. The margin of the orbit has, besides the postorbital 
and the long preorbital spine, two small ones above and one below. 

Chelipeds of moderate size. The merus has an irregular row of 
spines on upper margin, a few small spines either side, and two 
tubercles on the lower, outer margin. Carpus sparingly tuberculated; 
manus smooth. Legs long-hairy, stout, flattened above, the upper 
surface of merus and carpus bordered by spines, propodus unarmed. 

Measurements.—Female (25567), length of carapace, horns included 
27; length, horns excluded, 25.3; width of same, spines included, 
26.5; width, spines excluded, 23.4 mm. 

Variation.—The young are wider anteriorly, and the spines sharper. 

Range.—Florida Keys; Greater Antilles; Virgin Islands. Low 
water to 21 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Ragged Keys, Florida; 1901; J. E. Benedict; 1 mature female 
(25567). 

Cabafias, Cuba; June 8-9, 1914; Henderson and Bartsch, col- 
lectors; station 16, Tomas Barrera Exped.; 1 young female (48746). 

Off Havana, Cuba; May 26, 1893; State Univ. Iowa Exped.; 1 
female (Mus. S. U. I.). 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 393 


Cabo Cruz, Cuba; 2 fathoms; Henderson and Bartsch; 2 young 
(50532). 

Jamaica; 3 to 6 fathoms; 1 large male (Kiel Mus.). From Marine 
Biol. Lab. Woods Hole; 1 young female (47354). 

Ensenada Honda, Culebra Island; February 9, 1899; Fish Hawk; 
1 very young (24184). 

Off Vieques, Porto Rico; Culebritas Lighthouse, N. 4 E., 7144 
miles; 21 fathoms; Co.; February 8, 1899; station 6089, Str. Fish 
Hawk; 1 young (24207). 

St. John; 1 male, 1 female (Copenhagen Mus.). 

St. Croix; 1 female (Copenhagen Mus.). 

West Indies; received from Copenhagen Mus.; 1 immature female 
(19697). 

Other records.—Tortugas, Florida; low-water mark and 7 fathoms 
(Stimpson). 

MITHRAX (MITHRAX) BAHAMENSIS Rathbun 
Plate 137, figs. 1 and 2; plate 259, fig. 1 
Mithrax bahamensis RatHBUn, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 267 
pl. 38, fig. 1 (type-locality, Andros Island, Bahamas; ae male, Cat, 
No. 42513, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—Elongate, ovate-oblong. Tubercles hidden by a dense 
pubescence. A small postero-lateral tubercle. 

Description.—The carapace in its elongate, oblong-ovate shape 
resembles that of holderi. It is covered with a close, tough pubes- 
cence; there is a tuft of hair near the inner angle of the branchial 
region; another at the hinder end of each protogastric lobe; and a line 
of hair extending from the rostrum back upon the gastric region. 
Tubercles of carapace few and not prominent; one epigastric (paired), 
one protogastric (paired), 5 or 6 dorsal branchial (paired), 4 in a 
curve concave to the posterior margin. Rostral horns triangular, 
tips incurved, sharp. Preocular spine stout, acute; postocular spine 
curved, blunt; two intervening teeth, of which the inner one is minute. 
Four lateral conical protuberances, the posterior one most prominent, 
ending in a sharp, hooked spine; hepatic protuberance with an acute 
tip; the two intermediate protuberances subacute and less prominent. 

Three spines on basal article of antenna, the middle one large, 
curved inward and nearly as advanced as front. Remainder of 

- antenna with lateral fringes of long hair. 

Chelipeds a little longer than first pair of legs, pubescent; a TOW 
of tubercles on upper margin of merus; 1 or 2 Guibertled near proximal 
end of carpus; manus smooth. 

Legs flattened above and fringed on either side with long hair; 
merus armed with two rows of small spines and tubercles, carpus with 
two tubercles arranged transversely at the middle, and propodus 
with one tubercle at the middle. 


394 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Color.—In alcohol, reddish brown; chelipeds lighter; fingers pinkish 
red for their proximal half, tips white. 

Measurements.—Male, paratype, length of carapace to tips of horns 
18.8, on median line 18, greatest width 16.5, width at base of lateral 
spines 15.4, width at postocular teeth 11.2 mm. 

Material examined.—Andros Island, Bahamas; in sponges; 1888; 
Frederick Stearns, collector; 5 males (1 is holotype), 1 young female 
(42513). No other specimens are known. 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) PILOSUS Rathbun 
Plate 138, fig. 3; plate 258 


Cancer aculeatus Hersst, Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 1, 1790, p. 248, 
pl. 18, fig. B, pl. 19, fig. 104 (type-locality, America; type in Berlin Mus.). 
Not C. eos O. Fabricius, 1780. 

Mithrax aculeatus MILNE Epwarps, Mag. Zool., vol. 2, 1832, class 7, descrip- 
tion. Not Rathbun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 264.—Gunp- 
LAcH and TorrauBas, An. Acad. Habana, vol. 36, 1899 (1900), p. 328; 
reprint, 1917, p. 16 (not Cangrejo Denton Parra, 1787, nor M. verrucosus 
Milne Edwards, 1834). 

Mithraz pilosus RATHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 262, pl. 39 
(type-locality, Abaco, Bahamas; male, holotype, Cat. No. 16299, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—Three spines on basal segment of antenna. ‘Three or 
four spines on propodites of ambulatory legs. Spines on proximal 
half of upper surface of palm. 

Description.—Carapace ovate-orbicular; width without spines 
greater than length in the old, less than length in the young. The 
greatest width of the carapace is about midway of its length, measured 
from rostral sinus. Surface covered with flattened tubercles which 
are crowded together; from some of these which are larger arise 
short spines or spiniform protuberances; the longest are 4 in a trans- 
verse row on the gastric region and 6 or 8 on each branchial region. 
Of the marginal spines there are 4 strong antero-lateral, each of 
which has one or more secondary spines at base; 3 small postero- 
lateral spines followed by tubercles at the posterior angle. Small 
specimens have the dorsal surface of carapace, chelipeds and legs, 
except the greater part of the chelae, covered with a dense tubular 
pubescence; this disappears with age. Rostral horns small, outer 
margins nearly parallel, tips hooked inward. Of about the same size 


and shape are the antero-external spines of the basal antennal . 


segments which are uncommonly divergent. The segment is armed 
with 2 other spines, smaller, straight, and acute, one on the orbital 
margin, the other situated on a lower level at the base of the follow- 
ing segment. The margin of the orbit: bears 3 spines above, one 
broad and hooked at outer angle and one below besides those belong- 
ing to the antennal segment. 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 395 


Chelipeds and legs armed with stout spines above; arm with 
about 5 spines on upper margin and in the distal half with additional 
spines on either side of this row; 14 or 15 spines on wrist; a few small 
spines on proximal half of upper surface of palm, the spines tending 
to form in two rows. Dorsal spines of merus joints of legs arranged 
in 2 rows distally divergent, a few small ventral spines; about 6 of 
the spines of the carpus are of large size; about 3 or 4 small spines on 
proximal half of propodus. 

Color.—Light reddish gray with circular spots of an intense red, 
on carapace, claws and legs (Gundlach). 

Measurements.—Male in Copenhagen Museum, length of cara- 
pace, horns included, 113.2; width of same, spines excluded, 116; 
spines included, 124; length of propodus of cheliped 123.3; height 
of same,40mm. Male, holotype, length of carapace, horns included, 
28; width of same, spines’ excluded, 24; spines included, 30; length 
of cheliped, about 26 mm. 

Habitat.—Rather rare on stony bottom in deep places (Gundlach). 

Range.—Bahamas and Florida Keys to Venezuela and Panama. 

Material examined.— 

Abaco, Bahamas; 1886; Albatross; 3 males, 1 female (1 male is 
holotype of M. pilosus, Cat. No. 16299, U.S.N.M.). 

Cuba; 1 female, large (Berlin Mus.). 

St. Thomas; 3 lots of small specimens (Copenhagen Mus.). 

Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Reefs at Guanica; January 29; 1 
male (24400). Reefs at Ponce; January 30; 1 male, 1 young (24091). 
Culebra; February 11; 1 male (24401). 

Guadeloupe; 1 male, 2 immature females (Geneva Mus.) 

Caracas, Venezuela; 1 male of medium size, 1 female immature 
- (Berlin Mus.). 

America; 1 female, type of Cancer aculeatus Herbst (Berlin Mus.). 

Locality not given; 1 male, very large (Copenhagen Mus.). 1 
young female; received from Copenhagen Mus. (19696). 

Other records.—Tortugas, Barbados, Aspinwall (Stimpson). Vera 
Cruz (A. Milne Edwards). St. Bartholomew (Aurivillius). 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) HEMPHILLI Rathbun 
Plate 139; plate 259, fig. 2 


Mithrax hemphilli Ratusun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 263, 
pl. 37, fig. 2 (type-locality, Indian Key, Florida; holotype female, Cat. 
No. 15823, U.S.N.M.); Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 
(1901), p. 69. 


Diagnosis.—Infra-orbital and antennal region with two parallel, 
oblique rows of spines. One spine on propodites of ambulatory legs. 
Hands smooth. 


396 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Description.—Carapace wider than long in large specimens and 
usually longer than wide in small ones. The surface may be closely 
paved with tubercles, very unequal in size and elevation and granu- 
late, not smooth as in M. pilosus; sometimes, as in the small type- 
specimen, the tubercles are almost absent from the furrows and lower 
parts of the carapace. The largest and most prominent tubercles 
are arranged as follows: One on each epigastric lobe; a transverse row 
of four on protogastric lobes; three median mesogastric; one urogas- 
tric; a line of three on the cardiac region forming a transverse curve 
concave forward; behind these, one on median line; from seven to 
eight on branchial region, those most posterior being spinous; four 
spinous tubercles on intestinal region forming a transverse curve 
concave to posterior margin; the two tubercles at the extremities of 
this curve are continuous with a line of granules and tubercles which 
border the posterior margin. Numerous smaller tubercles and 
eranules are scattered and clustered about the larger tubercles; a 
row of granules just within and parallel to posterior margin of 
mesogastric region. 

The rostral horns in the immature taper to a point and curve . 
inward, inclosing a suboval sinus open anteriorly; with age, the 
sharp tips disappear, the rostrum becomes relatively shorter and 
more truncate. The same change takes place in the preorbital spine 
and in the most anterior spine of the basal article of the antenna. 
Four strong, antero-lateral spines, roughened with granules, the last 
three sinuses bearing a secondary sping; a small, postero-lateral spine 
just above margin. Outer orbital tooth flattened, tip rounded; two 
supra-orbital lobules, one well-defined, the other insignificant, on 
the posterior slope of the preorbital spine; on the lower margin of the 
orbit are two subequal spines, one of which is on the basal antennal 
article; there are three other spines on the same article, one just 
below the first movable segment of the antenna, one (mentioned 
above) just outside the same segment but not marginal; the four 
spines form two parallel, oblique rows, the inner row continued on 
the subhepatic region by four spines or tubercles. 

Chelipeds of moderate size, longer in the adult than the first leg, 
although the merus is not much stouter than that of the leg. Merus 
armed with 7 or 8 spines on outer or posterior margin, and a row of 
smaller and more numerous spines within the margin above and 
below; 3 spines on inner margin; a row of tubercles on lower margin; 
a shorter, secondary row of tubercles on upper surface; the most 
distal spines are the longest. Carpus covered with unequal, spaced 
tubercles, 3 of which, of small size, are on the inner margin. Manus 
unarmed. 

Legs longer and slenderer than in M. pilosus; merus armed above 
with two rows of spines which increase in size toward the distal end 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 397 


of the segment; carpus with a few spines; a single spine on the pro- 
podus midway of its length. 
Measurements.— 


| | | j 
E | Entire | Length | Width Width 
Locality | Sex | length of! without | with without 
| carapace | horns spines spines 

| | 
| 














Paaddlhine:) 2 fet artes Pate te See 35.1, 32 
TOS FG BER cites Q 28 fF 26.3 31 27.3 
Abrolnos islands 2-2 QO | 25. 3 | 24.2 30 26.3 
Galabira 32!) .54 2 Gene i | a | 20 18.2 19.8 16.9 
eres nt roe Ont 20. 6 | 19 20. 2 17.3 

Pemambucotert) 27h tis 3 | 17.2 | 16. 2 17.5 16 
EAN ICOY ene ee | Q 17.2 | 15.8 16.6 13.8 





Variations.—There is a great range in variation, (1) in the extent 
of the tuberculation of the carapace, (2) in the size and sharpness 
of the spines, related partly to age, (3) in the proportions of the 
carapace. The female from Abrolhos Islands is vastly wider and 
more completely tuberculated than any other specimen; this may be 
due to its isolated habitat. The male from Pernambuco has much 
stumpier rostral horns than any other specimen near its size. 

Range.—Florida Keys to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 

Material examined.— 

Indian Key, Florida; 1885; H. Hemphill; 1 female, immature, 
holotype (15823). 

Ensenada Honda, Culebra, Porto Rico; February 9, 1899; Fish 
Hawk; 2 males, 1 female (24206). 

Guadeloupe; 1 male, 1 female (Geneva Mus.); labeled ‘“tuber- 
culatus’’. 

Rio Formoso, Pernambuco, Brazil; 1876-1877; R. Rathbun; 1 
male (19956). 

Abrolhos Islands, Brazil; December 27, 1887; Albatross; 1 female 
(21948). 

Rio de Janeiro; 1 female (Geneva Mus.). 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) ORCUTTI, new species 
Plates 140 and 141 


Type-locality.—Puerto Angel, Oaxaca, Mexico; 1910; C. R. Orcutt; 
1 mature female, holotype; Cat. No. 47110, U.S.N.M. 

Diagnosis.—A tubercle near proximal end of outer surface of palm. 
Basal antennal segment without a row of spines parallel to the 
marginal row. No spine on propodites of ambulatory legs. 

Description.— Coarsely pilose. Carapace, including spines, a little 
longer than wide. While the surface is not closely paved with gran- 
ules and tubercles as in pilosus and hemphilli, yet they are numerous 
and very unequal and the granules are higher than in those species. 

5487—25}——27 





398 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


The spines of the dorsum are arranged about as they are in hemphill; 
the notable differences are: The posterior marginal spines of the 
intestinal region are more prominent and are not continuous with the 
spines at the extremity of the curved row above. The rostral horns 
are longer than in the allied species, and the tips curve inward, and 
are acutely pointed. The orbital teeth or spines are blunt-pointed, 
the one at the outer base of the preorbital spines is minute or obsoles- 
cent. Of the 4 antero-lateral spines, which also are blunt, only the 
first has a secondary spine on its anterior base; at the middle of each 
of the succeeding sinuses there is a small and insignificant spine or 
tubercle. The first or hepatic spine is on a lower level than the 
others. The fourth spine, at the lateral angle of the carapace, is 
further forward than in hemphilli; between it and the large postero- 
lateral spine there is a smaller, slenderer spine. On the subbranchial 
and subhepatic regions there is a row of 7 or 8 spines extending for- 
ward from the lateral angle of the carapace to the angle of the buccal 
cavity. On the basal antennal segment, the spine at the antero- 
external angle is the largest and is nearer the margin than is the cor- 
responding one in hemphilli; besides, there is a smaller spine on the 
orbital margin and one at the base of the next segment; this last 
spine is at the end of a tuberculated ridge which borders the antennu- 
lar fossa. 

Chelipeds of male stout, longer than first ambulatory leg; merus 
with two rows of long spines above and numerous tubercles else- 
where; carpus armed with high, granulated knobs, much as in 
hemphilli; hands smooth except for a large tubercle on outer surface 
near proximal end and in the middle of its height; sometimes there 
is also a granule adjacent in the same horizontal line. Legs stout; 
merus armed above with 7 or 8 spines in two rows and at the distal 
end a single spine between those rows, below one or two small 
spines; 4 or 5 spines on carpus; propodus unarmed. 

Color.—Crimson predominating, mixed with white; outer surface 
of chelipeds crimson with small white dots; abdomen about equally 
crimson and white, mottled. 








Measurements.— 
; | 
: Width 
: Total Median Total . 

Locality Sex : without 

length length width spines 

Panam ses eee ae eee 61 56 60. 2 507 

OSS Se EERE ER ECE Re EO). Dice 59, 4 65.8 58. 4 

Puerto Angelees. 20 foe. Ores (1) 54.3 51 54.6 48.5 

Mazatian= <i sir sare. 2s Cee e 31.5 33. 8 29. 3 





1 Rostrum incomplete. 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 899 


Range.—From Mazatlan, Mexico, to Panama. 

Material examined.—Mazatlan, Mexico; A. Agassiz; 2 males (2102, 
M. C. Z.). 

Puerto Angel, Oaxaca, Mexico; 1910; C. R. Orcutt; 1 female 
holotype (47110). 

Mexico; T. B. Wilson collection; 1 female (Phila. Acad.). 

Panama; Captain Field; 1 male, 2 females (Phila. Acad.). 

Remarks.—This is undoubtedly very near M. armatus. In armatus, 
the palm is entirely smooth, according to Saussure, who reiterates 
the statement; and two of the large lateral spines are postero-lateral, 
according to his figure, instead of the fourth spine being at the widest 
part of the carapace. 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) ARMATUS Saussure 
Plate 262, fig. 6 


Mithrax armatus Saussur®B, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., ser. 2, vol. 6, 1853, No. 8, 
p. 418 [2], pl. 13, fig. 1 (type-locality, Mazatlan, Mexico; type in Geneva (?) 
Mus.).—A. MitnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 101. 


Diagnosis.—Size medium. Carapace without lateral angle, but 
with 5 lateral spines. Dorsum tuberculate. Horns little divergent. 

Description (after Saussure).—Body covered with stiff hairs. Cara- 
pace, exclusive of rostrum, as wide as long, rhomboid, a little rounded 
behind. Rostral horns elongate, slightly divergent, tips curving 
inward, outer margin rugose. Orbits bordered by strong spines, the 
antennal spine long, acute, recurved at the tip, rather remote from 
the orbit; supraorbital spine stout and blunt; besides, on the outer 
border there are 2 tubercles separated by small fissures. Lateral 
margins of the carapace armed with 5 long spines, the anterior of 
which has a smaller spine joined to it on the inner side; fifth spine 
postlateral. Numerous small spines on the inferior portions of the 
carapace. Grooves outside the gastric and cardiac regions strong. 
Entire carapace covered with small rounded tubercles and some 
larger ones disposed in regular order (see figure). 

Manus of female long, smooth. Legs very spinous above, spines 
long, arranged in 2 rows; carpal joints without spines. 

Color.—Obscure yellow. 

Measurements.—Female, holotype, total length of carapace 134 
French inches (47.3 mm.), length of rostral horns 314 lines (7.3 mm.), 
greatest width of carapace 1;4 French inches (42.8mm.). (Saussure.) 

Locality Mazatlan, Mexico. Known from the type-specimen 
only. 


400 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) VERRUCOSUS Milne Edwards 
Plate 144 

?Cangrejo Denton Parra, Descripcion de diferentes piezas de historia natural, 
1787, p. 136, p. 51, fig. 1. 

Mithrax verrucosus MiuNnE Epwarps, Mag. Zool., vol. 2, 1832, class 7, pl. 4 
(colored) and explanation (type-locality, under stones in Robert Bay, 
Martinique; type in Paris Mus.).—Ratusun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 15, 1892, p. 265, and synonymy; not Proc. Washington Acad. Sci. 
vol. 2, 1900, p. 142. 

? Mithrazx trispinosus Kinasutery, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 20, 1879, 
p. 148 (type-locality, Florida; type not extant). 

Mithrax aculeatus RatuBun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 264. 
Not M. aculeatus (Herbst) Milne Edwards. 

Mithrax verrucosus, variety, Ratupun, Ann. Inst.- Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897, 

Lae 

Miihrae plumosus RatHBUN, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 
(1901), p. 67 (type-locality, Puerto Real, Porto Rico; holotype, Cat. No. 
23075, US.N«M.): 

Diagnosis.—Size medium to large. Dorsum closely paved with 
flat granules. Margins spinous. Wrist nearly smooth above, 3 
tubercles on inner edge. 

Description of fully developed male.—Cervical suture very deep. 
Carapace covered with flattened and closely crowded granules; 
nearly naked, although the granules are covered with small pits; a 
few dorsal spines on outer part of branchial region; spines of front 
and orbit truncate. Rostral horns short, separated by a deep 
sinus. Preorbital spine directed a little outward; 4 other spines on 
the orbital margin besides those on the antennal segment; in all, 3 
spines on the broad basal segment of the antenna, the middle tooth 
the most advanced. On the antero-lateral margin 8 spines in pairs, 
the anterior spine of each pair the smaller, the spines of each of the 
first 2 pairs more or less united at base; a small postero-lateral 
spine. Below the lateral margin a row of about 9 spines. 

Chelipeds stout; 6 sharp spines on outer margin of merus; a row 
of 6 spines on outer half of upper surface and 1 or 2 spines on 
inner half; inner margin of cheliped armed with blunt spines or 
lobes, one on the ischium, 4 on the merus, the distal 2 of which are 
at either end of a truncate lobe, and 3 or sometimes 2, on the carpus; 
dorsal surface of carpus smooth or nearly so, may be a little tuber- 
culate toward proximal end; palm unarmed, elongate, a little swollen; 
fingers gaping, a large tooth on the dactyl near middle of gape, edges 
of the large spoon-shaped tips faintly crenulate, 2 bunches of hair 
inside the spoon. 

Legs covered with coarse hair; merus and carpus spiny. 

Color.—Vinous red (Desbonne). Color largely concealed by hairi- 
ness. COarapace very dark dull red, the pincers olive above and 
lighter olive below, tips claret-colored, teeth white; under side of 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 401 


body maroon flecked with white and yellow (Henderson, note on 
male, Cat. No. 46036). 

Measurements.—Male (15075), length of carapace including ros- 
trum 51.2, width without spines 58.3, with spines 65 mm. 

Age and sex variations.—The above description applies to 2 lots of 
males of good size from Florida (15075 and 42130), while a single 
male only 26 mm. long, from Swan Islands, in the western Caribbean 
Sea, north of Honduras, agrees with them except as to the develop- 
ment of the chelae. A large number of specimens in the collection, 
comprising all the females and young and the undeveloped males 
(with the exception of 15074), differ from the adult male type as 
follows: The surface of the carapace is densely covered with hair. 
The rostral horns of the females and undeveloped males are shorter 
and further apart, while the horns of the young specimens are longer 
and sharper. The spines of the inner margin of the cheliped are 
slenderer and sharper, especially noticeable at the distal angle of 
the merus where in place of the truncate lobe in the old male there 
are from 1 to 3 sharp spines. The dorsal surface of the carpus is 
more or less spinous. The extreme proximal end of the palm is 
spinulous and hairy above. 

Individual variation.—A male of medium size (17206) and an adult 
female (4171) have no spinules on the manus. They are both thin- 
shelled specimens with hair on carapace very short and hair on legs 
so scanty as to make the spines conspicuous. 

A male of large size (46036) but with undeveloped chelipeds has 
no spinules on the manus, while two similar males (46975) have 
rudiments of spinules. 

Habits.—Lives near the shore where it hides in holes in the rocks 
covered with madrepores; it is nocturnal, seeking its food only at 
night when it may be easily caught by using a torch (Desbonne). 

Range.—From South Carolina to Fernando Noronha, Brazil. 

Material examined— 

Charleston, South Carolina; 1852; L. Agassiz; 1 male (2100, 
ma. CYZ.): 

Green Turtle Cay, Bahamas; E. A. Andrews; 1 female (20707). 

Abaco Island, Bahamas; 1886; Albatross; 1 young (16301). 

Miami, Florida; G. M. Gray; 1 male (42130). 

Indian Key, Florida; H. Hemphill; 2 males, 7 females (14081). 

Knights Key, Florida; H. Hemphill; 2 males, 11 females (14073). 

Big Pine Key, Florida; H. Hemphill; 3 males, 6 females (14030); 3 
males (15075). 

Sand Key reef, Florida; J. B. Henderson; 3 young (46879). May 
11, 1911; 3 males, 2 young females (46975). May, 1913; 2 males 
(46036). 


402 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Key West, Florida; H. Hemphill; 20 males, 14 females, 1 young 
(13820). 

Key West Harbor, Florida; 1884; Edward Palmer; 3 young 
(15810). 

Tortugas reef, Florida; J. B. Henderson; 1 young female (46963). 

Florida: J. B. Henderson; 1 male (45714). G. Wurdemann; 1 
young (50376). 

Cabafias, Cuba; caught by copper-sulphating on reef; June 8-9, 
1914; station 16, Tomas Barrera Exped. (Henderson and Bartsch) ; 
1 male, 1 female, 2 young (48664). 

Cape San Antonio, Cuba; caught by copper-sulphating on reef; 
Tomas Barrera Exped. (Henderson and Bartsch); 1 female (48653). 

Swan Islands; February, 1887; C. H. Townsend; 1 male (15074). 

Jamaica: T. H. Morgan; 1 male (17206). 1896; Kingston Har- 
bor; F.S. Conant; 1 young male (19589). 

San Domingo; 1879; W.M. Gabb; 1 female (4171). 

Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Boqueron; January 25; 1 young fe- 
male (24099). Reefs at Ponce; January 30; 1 male, 3 females, 1 
young (24088). Ponce; January 31; 2 young (24100). Playa de 
Ponce Reef; February 1; 4 young (24098). Arroyo; February 4; 1 
young (24101). On Lighthouse Reef, Arroyo; February 3; 1 young 
(24102). Caballo Blanco Reef; February 7; 2 females (24089)- 
Porto Real, Vieques Island; January 27; 1 female (holotype of M. 
plumosus), 1 young (23775). Ensenada Honda, Culebra Island; Feb- 
ruary 11; 4 young (24097). Fajardo; February 17; 2 females 
(24090). 

St. Thomas: 1884; Albatross; 3 young (16191). French Bay; 4 
to 214 fathoms; July 5, 1915; Clarence R. Shoemaker; 1 male (50375) ; 
gift of Carnegie Institution. 

Guadeloupe: Desbonne, collector; 1 male (Geneva Mus.). Saus- 
sure, collector; 1 specimen (Geneva Mus.). 

Caracas Bay, Curacao; in corals and under stones; 1920; C. J- 
van der Horst; 1 young male, 1 female (Amsterdam Mus.), 1 young 
male (56861). 

Spanish Water, Curacao; in Porites porites; May 5, 1920; C. J. 
van der Horst; 1 young male (Amsterdam Mus.). 

Spanish Bay, Curacao; among stones in the surf; May 11, 1920; 
C. J. van der Horst; 1 young female (56864). 

Fernando Noronha Island, Brazil; 1875-1877; R. Rathbun; Hartt 
Explorations; 1 male, 1 female (19963). 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 403 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) BELLI Gerstaecker 
Plates 142 and 1438 


Mithrax ursus Brewu, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 171, 
Galapagos Islands (not Cancer ursus Herbst, 1788); Trans. Zool. Soc. 
London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 52, pl. 10, figs. 2, 2c, 2d, 2e, and 3.—A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 103. 

Mithraz bellii GerstarckER, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 22, pt. 1, 1856, p. 112; 
name substituted for M. ursus Bell, not (Herbst); (type-locality, that 
given by Bell, namely, Galapagos Islands; type not extant). 


Diagnosis.—Size large. Dorsum closely paved with flat granules. 
Projections of marginlumpy. Wrist tuberculate above, five tubercles 
on inner margin. 

Description.—The adult is almost devoid of hair; the carapace is 
convex, broadly ornate, a little broader than long. Surface covered 
with flattened granules and very unequal tubercles, so closely crowded 
that they form a continuous pavement. Margins thick, projections 
coarsely rounded. Rostrum with two thick, rounded horns sepa- 
rated by a V-shaped space, and two pairs of dorsal tubercles. The 
knob at the angle of the basal antennal article is curved, larger than 
either rostral horn and on a higher level. Preorbital lobe tuberculi- 
form, not prominent. Orbital margin with two other, smaller 
tubercles above, one, not prominent, at outer angle, and one below, 
besides a submarginal tubercle or blunt spine on the basal antennal 
article, which is conspicuous in dorsal view. Just behind and between 
the orbits there are two longitudinal rows of 2 or 3 tubercles each, 
and further back a transverse, sinuous line of five tubercles. On the 
lateral margin are six tubercles, the first and second large and bearing 
an accessory, anterior tubercle, the first hepatic, the second largest 
of all, the third is largest of the simple tubercles, the fourth the 
smallest, the sixth is postlateral. Further back on the postlateral 
margin there is a row of minor tubercles. On the subbranchial, sub- 
hepatic, and suborbital regions there is a row of tubercles some of 
which are visible in a dorsal view. Pterygostomian ridge tuberculate. 

On the anterior margin of the merus of the outer maxilliped there 
is a strong, depressed spine, pointing obliquely inward. Chelipeds 
of male strong; arm tuberculate above, two blunt spines or tubercles 
on inner margin and six of the same on outer margin; wrist covered 
with low knobs, inner margin with a row of five knobs; hands elon- 
gate, arcuate above, concave below; fingers moderately gaping, tips 
with edges finely crenulate, a strong tooth near base of dactyl, edge 
of fixed finger finely denticulate part way in the gape. Legs stout, 
three principal articles tuberculate above, especially on the margins; 
of dactyls dark colored for nearly a third their length. 

Abdomen of male very wide, last segment with concave sides. 


404 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Young.—The young presents such a different aspect from the adult 
that it might easily be mistaken for another species. The carapace 
is narrower; the width may be less than the length. The body and 
legs, but not the chelae, are everywhere covered with a furry hair. 
The protuberances are all sharp-pointed; the rostral horns curve 
toward each other; the pair of spines at the base of the horns are 
nearly as long as the horns and are divergent, while the next pair is 
very small.®? 

Oolor.—Adult, deep purplish brown, young, light brown (Bell). 

Habitat—Sandy mud (Bell). 

Measurements.—Male (25672), entire length of carapace 63.6, 
width 65.4 mm. Young female (33386), entire length of carapace 
21.7, width 20.7 mm. 

Range.—Galapagos Islands, shore to a depth of 6 fathoms (Bell). 
Chile (Miers). 

Material examined.—Chatham Island, Galapagos Islands; shore; 
January 8, 1905; Albatross; 1 young female (33386). 

Black Bight, Albemarle Island, Galapagos Islands; Stanford Univ.; 
1 male (25672). 

Eden Island, off Indefatigable Island; in rock pools; April 6, 1923; 
Williams Galapagos Exped.; 1 young male (57563). 

Galapagos Islands; Hassler Exped.; 2 young males (1966, M. C. Z.). 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) BRAZILIENSIS Rathbun 
Plate 147, fig. 1 

Mithrax braziliensis RatTHBUN, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 268, 
pl. 36, fig. 2 (type-locality, Mar Grande, Bay of Bahia, Brazil; holotype, 
Cat. No. 19952, U.S.N.M.); Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1900, 

. 143. 

Srahbas verrucosus RATHBUN (not Milne Edwards), Proc. Washington Acad. 
Sci., vol. 2, 1900, p. 142. 

Diagnosis.—Size small. Carapace nearly smooth above, four 
antero-lateral spines or spines and tubercles. Horns several times 
broader than long. 

Description.—Carapace broader than long, ovate, rather evenly 
convex, and in the fully developed specimen nearly smooth dorsally, 
the regional sulci being faint except at the middle of the carapace. 
Rostrum very short and broad, the anterior margin of each lobe 
about three times as long as the depth of the median emargination. 
In the very young, the sinus is much wider and the lobes corres- 
pondingly narrower. Preorbital lobe large, blunt, not projecting, 
being less advanced than any of the three lobes of the antennal 
segment. Lobes of orbital margin eight, including two small, 
shallow, supraorbital lobules, one at the outer angle and two below, 





52 Rathbun, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 35, 1907, p. 74. 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 405 


besides two on the antennal segment. Antero-lateral projections 
four, all acute and spiniform in the younger specimens, but in the old, 
the first or hepatic spine becomes a large tubercle, and the next 
spine becomes blunt. In the old there are two faint epigastric 
tubercles near together, two distant, protogastric tubercles, also 
faint, three of the same on the cardiac region forming a triangle 
pointing backward; a tubercle above the base of each leg of the last 
pair; two stronger, postlateral tubercles, one above the other, which 
is marginal. In the young and in some larger specimens also, the 
carapace is much rougher, showing numerous flattened tubercles or 
granules on the dorsal surface, a spinule in each antero-lateral 
interspace, while a spine takes the place of the postlateral marginal 
tubercle. 

Chelipeds in the old male much longer and stouter than the legs; 
outer margin of merus armed with six or seven spines, inner margin 
with two tubercles; upper surface with three tubercles; carpus 
nearly smooth, two or three obscure denticles on in- 
ner margin, and in undeveloped specimens two dorsal 
tubercles near proximal end; palms smooth, widening 
distally; fingers gaping. 

Legs with two rows of spines on merus and carpus. 

Color.—A rich, dark crimson. ; 

Measurements.—Large male (Geneva Museum), 
entire length of carapace 23, width without spines "0. \3- N'tes. 
25.2, with spines 28.2mm. Largest carapace (2101), — (19953), pasat arti 
entire length 29.4, width without spines 34.4, with {°F *SNESN® 
spines 38 mm. 

Range.—Brazil, from Bay of Bahia to Rio de Janeiro. 

Material examined.— 

Mar Grande, Bay of Bahia, Brazil; 1876-1877; Richard Rathbun, 
Hartt Explorations; 1 male holotype (19952). 

Mamanguape stone reef, Brazil; June 20, 1899; A. W. Greeley, 
collector; Branner-Agassiz Exped.; 1 young (25755). 

Pernambuco stone reef at Ilhade Nogueira; A. W. Greeley, collector; 
Branner-Agassiz Exped.; 1 young (M. C. Z.). 

Rio Formoso, Pernambuco; 1876-1877; Richard Rathbun, Hartt 
Explorations; 1 male, 3 females (19953). 

Maceio coral reef, Alagoas, Brazil; A. W. Greeley, collector; 
Branner-Agassiz Exped.: July 22, 1899; 1 male (25757). July 23 
and August 3, 1899; 2 young (25756). 

Brazil; A. W. Greeley, collector; 1 female (25758). Rio de 
Janeiro; 1 large male (Geneva Mus.). 

Locality not known; 1 carapace, very large (2101, M. C. Z.). 

5487—25T 28 





SS 


ed Par 
ed 








406 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) PYGMAEUS Bell 
Plate 262, figs. 1-4 
Mithrax pygmaeus BELL, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 172 
(type-locality, Panama, 10 fathoms, sand; type not extant); Trans. Zool. 
Soe. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 55, pl. 11, figs. 3, 3f-3h. 

Diagnosis.—Antennae long and slender. Legs slender, largely 
smooth. Rostral lobes short, rounded. 

Description.—Carapace depressed, subovate, regions rather distinct, 
surface smooth, lateral margin armed with two rows of spines, the 
upper row of six beginning at the outer orbital angle, the lower row 
of about nine, partly submarginal, beginning at the lower orbital 
tooth and meeting the first row at the postero-lateral angle. Frontal 
lobes short, broad, margins slightly arcuate, or subtruncate, sinus 
V-shaped. Orbits with a minute preocular tooth and two small teeth 
above, one at outer angle and one below. Eyes large, prominent. 
Basal article of antennae very broad, with two marginal teeth; mova- 
ble portion cylindrical, nearly half as long as body. For maxillipeds 
and abdomen of male, see figures 2 and 4, plate 262. 

Chelipeds nearly twice as long as carapace; arm and wrist with a 
few minute tubercles; hand robust, smooth; dactylus with a large 
tubercle in the middle of the gape. Legs slender, shorter than 
cheliped, having a few spinules on merus and carpus, propodus 
smooth. 

Color.—Pale brownish above, reddish beneath; hands red brown. 

Measurements.—Length and width of carapace of type male 3 lines 
(7.6 mm.). Male (2041, M. C. Z.), length of carapace 10.3, width 
with spines 11.5, without spines 11 mm. 

Material examined.—Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama; April, 1875; 
S. W. Garman; 1 male, 2 females (2041, M. C. Z.); 1 male (55117), 
received from Mus. Comp. Zodl. 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) HISPIDUS (Herbst) 
Plates 145 and 146; plate 147, fig. 3 
CORAL CRAB 


Cancer hispidus Hprpst, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 1, 1790, p. 245 (by 
error, 247), pl. 18, fig. 100 (type-locality, not given; type in Berlin Mus.). 

Maia spini-cincta LaMarRcK, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., vol. 5, 1818, p. 241 
(type-locality, Antilles; type in Paris Mus.). 

?Maja spini-cincta Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 1, 1818, 
p. 458. 

?Mithrax spinicinctus DEsMAREST, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. 28, 1823, p. 264; 
Consid. sur les Crust., 1825, p. 150, pl. 28, fig. 1. 

Mithraz hispidus Minne Epwarps, Mag. de Zool., vol. 2, 1832, cl. 7, p. (13); 
Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 322.—A. Mitnge Epwarps, Crust. Rég. 
Mex., 1875, p. 93, pl. 21, fig. 1-1b.— Mimrs, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., 
vol. 14, 1879, p. 673, pl. 13, figs. 7 and 8.—Ratuswn, Proc, U. S. Nat. 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 407 


Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 265 (part; pleuracanthus excluded).—VERRILL, 
Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 13, 1908, p. 404, text-fig. 40, pl. 
23, figs. 3 and 4; pl. 24, fig. 1. 

Miathrar———_ DESBONNE and ScHRAMM, Crust. Guadeloupe, 1867, p. 8, pl. 2, 
figs. 4 and 5. 

Mithrax depressus A. MitNe Epwarps (part), Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 
96, not pl. 20, figs. 4-4c (specimens from Woman Key; 7 cotypes in 
M. C. Z.). 

Diagnosis.—Three antero-lateral branchial spines, the anterior one 
of which is bifid, and a postero-lateral spine. Rostral sinus dis- 
tinctly U-shaped, as wide, or nearly as wide, as either horn. Two 
spines on anterior margin of arm. 

Description.—Carapace swollen, considerably wider than long, 
smooth, except for some low, rounded prominences chiefly toward 
the outer margin of the branchial region. 
Gastric tubercles very faint. Front 
wide; horns short, obtuse, interspace 
U-shaped, as wide as either horn. 
Preorbital angles blunt, slightly pro- 
duced. Basal joint of antenna with 
two teeth, inner one nearly reaching line 
of rostrum, the other smaller, on or- 
bital border; besides, the orbit has four 
tubercles on margin, two superior, much 
smaller than external or inferior tubercle. 
Lateral margin armed with five spini- 
form teeth; the first obtuse, often bifid 
at extremity; the second longer, sharp 
and double, curving forward; third and 
fourth more slender and about the same 
length; fifth postero-lateral, much smal- 
ler, and situated higher up on cara- 
pace; in a transverse oblique line with 
this spine are two tubercles or a spine and a tubercle. Subhepatic 
region with two tubercles; a number of tubercles, some of them 
pointed, are on the subbranchial and pterygostomian regions. Arm 
with four or five spines on upper margin; two on inner margin; and 
a few tubercles on the upper surface. Wrist smooth; inner margin 
evenly rounded. Hand smooth; fingers narrowly gaping; a broad, 
low tooth near the base of the dactylus. In young specimens the 
tubercles of the carapace are more protuberant. 

Color.—Larger specimens nearly uniform deep brownish red or 
terra cotta above, brighter on chelipeds, darker on legs (due to brown 
hairs); legs often with brighter red bands at joints; under parts of 
body mostly white or bluish white; legs red, specked with pale 
yellow. (Verrill.) 


Fic. 124.— MITHRAX HISPIDUS (17962), 
MAXILLIPED, X 7.6 


408 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Measurements.—Male, Brazil (Copenhagen Mus.), total length of 
carapace 102.2, width without spines 124, with spines 146, length of 
propodus of cheliped 129, width of same 46.3 mm. 

Variations —A male from the Abrolhos Islands (21949) has the 
first branchial spine unusually developed and divided into two 
nearly equal spines. The other Brazilian specimens in the collection 
show the same tendency in a lesser degree. No. 13937, a male, 
unfortunately without indication of locality, is remarkably rough, 
all the protuberances of the carapace being well marked, most of 
them acute; the rostral horns are very narrow and far apart. 

Range.—Delaware Bay (Say); off Charleston Harbor, South Caro- 
lina (a young male, Gibbes); Georgia (Gibbes); Bahamas, Miami, 
and Florida Keys to Sao Paulo, Brazil (Moreira). Bermuda. Shal- 
low water to 30 fathoms. 

' Material examined.— 

Bahamas; 1859; Dr. H. Bryant; 1 fragmentary (53061); from 
Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 

Green Turtle Cay, Bahamas; E. A. Andrews; 1 male, 1 young 
(20706). 

Miami, Florida; G. M. Gray; 1 male, 1 female (42131). 

Cape Florida, Florida; G. Wurdemann; 4 young (1958, M. C. Z.). 

Between Salt Pond Key and Stock Island, Florida; 1884; Edward 
Palmer; 1 female (9282). 

Woman Key, Florida; William Stimpson, collector; 7 young, 
cotypes of M..depressus (1960, M. C. Z.); 1 young, labeled “‘pleura- 
canthus’”’ by A. Milne Edwards (1959, M. C. Z.). 

Dry Tortugas, Florida; 1917; W. H. Longley; 1 ovigerous female 
(returned to sender). 

Florida; G. Wurdemann; 1 large male, 2 small, male and female 

(2128) Meco Z.): 

Florida Keys, Florida; May, 1913; 1 male (46040). 

Kingston Harbor, Jamaica: 1893; R. P. Bigelow; 1 male (17962). 
1896; F.S. Conant; 1 young female (19586). 

Caracas Bay, Curacao; in sponge; May 3, 1920; C. J. van der 
Horst; 1 immature male (Amsterdam Mus.). 

Off Cape St. Roque, Brazil; lat. 6° 59’ 30’’ S.; long. 34° 47’ 00” 
W.; 20 fathoms; brk. Sh.; temp. 79° F.; December 16, 1887; station 
2758, Albatross; 1 young (21950). 

Plataforma, Bahia, Brazil; 1876-1877; Richard Rathbun, Hartt 
Explorations; 1 male (19951), 1 ovigerous female (40606). 

Bom Fim, Bahia, Brazil; stone reef; 1876-1877; Richard Rathbun, 
Hartt Explorations; 1 male (19950). 

Porto Seguro, Brazil; Hartt and Copeland, Thayer Exped.; 1 male 
(1953, M. C. Z.), variety. 





oO 


Qe ee eae CU 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 409 


Off Abrolhos Islands, Brazil; 30 fathoms; 1872; U. S. ©. S. S. 
Hassler; 1 young female (1993, M. C. Z.); ‘‘ Mithraculus coronatus”’ 
(A. Milne Edwards). 

Abrolhos Islands, Brazil; December 27, 1887; Albatross; 1 male 
(21949), variety. 

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; received December 1, 1863; G. N. Davis; 
1 male, 1 female (1954, M. C. Z.), variety. 

Brazil; 1 very large male (Copenhagen Mus.). 

Bermuda; 1876-1877; G. Brown Goode; 1 male (41523). 

Bermuda; T. H. Bean; 1 male, 1 female (21605). 

Locality not given: One female, type (Berlin Mus.). One male, 
unusually rough (13937). From Bureau of Fisheries; 1 female 
(32237). 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) CARIBBAEUS Rathbun 
KNOBBED CRAB 


Plates 148 and 149 


Mithrax hispidus BeNnepict, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., vol. 11, No. 97, 
Apr., 1892, p. 77.—RatTuHBun (part), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 
1892, p. 265; Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20 for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 
67 (specimen from Guanica). 
Mithraz depressus RATHBUN (part), Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20 for 
1900, part 2 (1901), p. 68 (specimens from Hucares). 
Mithrax caribbaeus Ratusun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 33, 1920, 
p. 23 (type-locality, St. Thomas; holotype, Cat. No. 50363, U.S.N.M.); 
Univ. Iowa Studies Nat. Hist., vol. 9, 1921, p. 83, pl. 3. 
Diagnosis.—Two parallel, transverse, or nearly transverse rows of 
three tubercles or tubercles and spines on postero-lateral region of 
carapace; at least three of these are of good size. Rostral sinus 
U-shaped, about as wide as each horn. Two stout spines on ante- 
rior margin of arm; the proximal one may be bifid. Crenulation 
or tuberculation of prehensile edges of fingers persisting in the old. 
Description.—This species is very closely related to M. hispidus, 
which it approaches in its large size. Rostral horns longer than in 
hispidus, and a little less truncate. Carapace a little narrower, ap- 
proaching the shape of pleuracanthus. This species differs from all 
its allies in the arrangement of tubercles or tubercles and spines on 
the postero-lateral region. There is a postero-lateral spine in smaller 
specimens which becomes a tubercle in older ones. This forms the 
outermost unit of a transverse row of 3, which is subparallel to another 
anterior row of 3 tubercles. Anterior margin of arm provided with 
2 conical spines; the only exceptions are the holotype which is un- 
usually large and has the proximal spine bifid and the smallest speci- 
men (16192) in which the proximal spine of the right side is missing. 
The chelae of the large specimen differ from those of hispidus of 
similar size in having the palm shorter and the fingers longer than in 


410 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


that species. The prehensile edges are crenulated in the gape as well 
as along the meeting edges, while in hispidus the gaping edges are 
entire except for the large, crenulated tooth of the dactylus. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, total length of carapace 66.3, length 
on median line 63.5, width without spines 71.3, with spines 78.4, length 
of propodus of cheliped 69.4, width of same 26 mm. 

Variation.—One male specimen from Jamaica (43009) shows a dif- 
ference in the postero-lateral tubercles of the two sides; on the left 
side only, the large tubercle obliquely in front of the postero-lateral 
spine is missing. 

Range.—West Indies; northern coast of South America. 

Material examined.— 

Cuba: On reef flat, between Cayo Hutia and the little Cayo, NE. 
of Light; 1914; Tomas Barrera Exped. (Henderson and Bartsch) ; 
1 young (48729). Bahia Honda; 2 to 12 fathoms; M. Co.; June 4-5, 
1914; station 15, Tomas Barrera Exped. (Henderson and Bartsch) ; 
1 young female (48728). Havana; May 1, 1871; Ramon N. Forns; 
1 male (2099, M. C. Z.). 

Jamaica: Montego Bay; July 15, 1910; C. B. Wilson; 1 young 
(43011). 8 miles E. of Montego Bay; coral reef; July 20, 1910; C. 
B. Wilson; 2 males (43009). Kingston Harbor; 1896; F.S. Conant; 
1 male (50002). Jamaica: T. H. Morgan; 1 male, 1 female (17207). 
1910; E. A. Andrews; 1 young (43010). 

Haiti: Doctor Weinland; 1 male (328, M. C. Z.). From the bot- 
tom of the sea near the Caimites; April 20, 1865; P. R. Uhler; 1 
young male (2159, M. C. Z.). 

Porto Rico; Fish Hawk: Guanica; January 28; 1 male (24209). 
Hucares; February 13; 2 males (24213). 

St. Thomas: December, 1871; U. S. C. S. S. Hassler; 1 male, 1 
female (1952, M. C. Z.), 1 male, 1 female (exhibition case, M. C. Z.). 
In harbor, from piles near town; July 7, 1915; C. R. Shoemaker; 1 
large male, holotype (50363); received from Carnegie Institution. 
From piles; 1915; C. R. Shoemaker; 2 young (50367). 

Barbados; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Exped. Univ. Iowa; 2 females 
(Mus. 8. U. I.). 

Dutch West Indies (exact locality not given); 1905; J. Boeke; 1 
male (42963). 

Curacao: 1884; Albatross; 1 young female (16192). Caracas Bay; 
April 19, 1920; C.J. van der Horst; 1 young male (Amsterdam Mus.). 
Spanish Water; from Porites porites; April 13, 1920; C. J. van der 
Horst; 1 young (56868). 

Venezuela: Porlamar, Margarita Island; July 7, 1895; Lieut. Wirt 
Robinson, U. S. A.; 1 male (18820), ‘‘knobbed crab; common.” 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 411 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) PLEURACANTHUS Stimpson 
Plate 150 


Mithrax pleuracanthus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 2, 1871, p. 
116 (type-localities, Key West, 2-5 fathoms; Tortugas, 5 to 6 fathoms, 
and St. Thomas; types not extant)—A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. 
Mex., 1875, p. 95, pl. 20, figs. 3-3 f (Guadeloupe).—Ratuson, Bull. U. 
S. Fish Comm., vol. 20 for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 68. 

Mithrax depressus A. MitNE Epwarps (part), Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 
96, pl. 20, figs. 4-4 c (type-localities, Guadeloupe and Woman Key; figured 
cotype from Guadeloupe in Paris Mus.; the cotypes from Woman Key 
are in M. C. Z. and are young hispidus).—Ratusun, Bull. U. S. Fish 
Comm., vol. 20 for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 68. 

Mithrax hispidus Ratusun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 265 
(part). 

Diagnosis.—Of the four lateral protuberances of the carapace, the 
last is spiniform, the others tuberculated; second branchial tubercle 
reduced in size. A small postero-lateral tubercle. Rostral sinus 
V-shaped in the young, U-shaped in the old. 

Description.—The form of the carapace resembles that of the two 
preceding species; the third or posterior branchial spine is longer than 
the first, however, and the second spine shorter than the first; there 
are several tubercles about the base of each lateral spine. Tubercles 
of carapace well marked. There is a small postero-lateral tubercle; 
above it and further in there is a large tubercle which is one of a row 
of two arranged almost transversely. Rostral horns shorter and 
wider than in hispidus or caribbaeus, and interspace narrower and in- 
clined toward the triangular; in the young, always triangular. The 
arm of the cheliped bears usually either a simple spine or a spine 
with a tubercle on its proximal slope. 

Color.—Carapace yellowish white, with blotches of bright red; the 
2 largest red spots over branchial areas; a median spot on cardiac 
area; a pair situated farther back; another small pair behind orbits, 
another beneath orbits; legs yellowish white, blotched or barred with 
red; chelae light red with pale tips. (Verrill, for depressus.) 

Measurements.—Largest specimen, male (46815), total length of 
carapace 36.3, width without spines 38.2, with spines 43, length of 
propodus of cheliped 31.8, width of same 11.8 mm. 

Variations.—In the young the rostral horns are wider behind and 
flatter than in the adult; in one of the largest males (46791), the 
rostral sinus is rounded behind so that it appears almost U-shaped. 

In a small ovigerous female (50364), the large tubercle above the 
postero-lateral margin has a sharp point, giving it aspinous appearance, 
but its position is too high up to correspond to the spine of hispidus. 

Range.—From North Carolina and the Bahamas to Gulf of Mexico 
and Caribbean Sea. Shallow water to 28 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, pages 412-417. 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


412 























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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 417 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) TORTUGAE Rathbun 
Plate 147, fig. 2 


Mithraz tortugae Ratusun, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 
vol. 33, 1920, p. 23 (type-locality, Tortugas; type, 
Cat. No. 50442, U.S.N.M.). 


Diagnosis.—No spine nor tubercle on postero-lat- 
eral margin, but a tubercle above the margin. 
Rostral sinus V-shaped, horns very wide. Two 
tubercles or blunt spines on anterior margin of arm. 

Description.—Carapace wider than in the three 
preceding species; the marginal hepatic and the 
prominent first branchial lobe rectangular, their an- 
terior margins transverse, their posterior margins 
longitudinal, the branchial lobe having a very short 
hooked spine at the angle. Second branchial lobe 
or spine low, conical; third spine slender, hooked; 
from it a line of two tubercles runs obliquely trans- 
versely backward on the carapace. No spine nor 
tubercle on the true postero-lateral margin. Rostral 
horns short, broad, subtruncate; sinus V-shaped. 

Two blunt spines or tubercles on anterior or inner 
margin of arm, the distal one larger. Tubercles of 
wrist very low. 

Otherwise as in MV. pleuracanthus which it most 
nearly resembles. 

Color.—A specimen preserved in formalin has reg- 
ular patches on the carapace which are finely dot- 
ted with dull crimson. Chelipeds closely spotted 
and finely mottled with the same. Merus of legs 
incompletely banded with a brighter crimson, with 
some small spots of the same shade on the succeed- 
ing segments especially at articulations. 

Measurements.—Female, holotype, total length of 
carapace 19.7, width without spines 22.1, with 
spines 24.3 mm. 

Range.—Bahamas; Florida Keys; Curacao. 

Material examined.— 

Abaco Island, Bahamas; 1886; Albatross; 1 young 
female (16302). 

Dry Tortugas, Florida; W. H. Longley; 1 imma- 


_ ture female, holotype (50442). 


Caracas Bay, Curacao; in coral; April 2, 1920; C. 


= J. van der Horst; 1 young (Amsterdam Mus.). 


418 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) TUBERCULATUS Stimpson 
Plate 151, figs. 1 and 2 


Mithrax tuberculatus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 
1860, p. 189 (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas, Lower California; cotypes, 
Cat. No. 1228, M. C. Z., and Cat. No. 23178, U.S.N.M.). Probably not 
M. tuberculatus Aurivillius, K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., Stockholm, 
vol. 23, 1889, p. 57 (St. Barthelemy, 1 meter). 


Diagnosis —Two rounded lobes and a spine on antero-lateral 
margin. Carapace very granulate. Two or three tubercles on 
anterior margin of arm. 

Description.—Carapace covered with granulate tubercles; inter- 
spaces smooth (non-granulate), punctate; marginal projections gran- 
ulate. Rostral horns short, broader than long, truncate, extremity 
granulate, interspace nearly V-shaped. Preorbital lobe subrectangu- 
lar, followed by two small, supra-orbital tubercles; outer orbital 
tooth small, projecting outward, little advanced. Antero-lateral 
margin furnished with two large lobes, the first hepatic, the second 
branchial and more prominent, and a curved spine at the lateral angle; 
a much smaller postero-lateral spine. Of the dorsal tubercles two 
pairs are behind the rostral horns, followed by a transverse row of 5; 
about 7 large tubercles on the branchial region, and 2 side by side on 
the intestinal region. Small, low tubercles on the cardiac and meso- 
gastric regions, and single granules on the posterior and postero- 
lateral margins. 

Basal antennal article subtriangular, with a broad, curved, pointed, 
apical tooth, less advanced than the rostrum, and a small tooth on 
outer margin. Outside of this there is another suborbital tooth on 
the carapace. Pterygostomian ridge tuberculate. 

Merus of cheliped tuberculate, 2 or 3 tubercles on inner edge, 5 on 
outer edge. Carpus granulate. Hand smooth. Fingers little gaping, 
feebly crenulate and denticulate within, but with a tooth on the 
dactylus in old specimens. Legs thick, subcylindrical, nearly naked, 
short-spinous or granulate above in double series, tomentose below. 

Color.—Dried specimens are cream-colored, mottled with carmine. 
In old specimens the carmine predominates. (Stimpson.) 

Measurements.—Type male, length of carapace 34.8, greatest width 
42.4 mm. (Stimpson.) Male (Panama), total length 13.3, total 
width 15 mm. 

Range.—West coast of Mexico (from Cape St. Lucas) to Panama. 

Material examined.— 

Cape St. Lucas; John Xantus, collector; received from Mus. 
Comp. Zodl.; two males, one female, cotypes (23178), 13 males, 13 
females (1 ovig.), cotypes (1228, M. C. Z.). 

Panama; Captain Field; 1 male (Phila. Acad.). 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 419 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) SINENSIS Rathbun 
Plate 151, figs. 3 and 4; plate 260 


Mithraz sinensis Ratusun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 266, pl. 
38, fig. 2 (type-locality, Gulf of California, 17 fathoms, Albatross station 
3002; holotype, Cat. No. 16065, U.S. N. M.). 


Diagnosis.—Three spines on basal segment of antenna. Three 
antero-lateral branchial prominences, subacute, scarcely spinous. 
Three or four tubercles on anterior margin of arm. 

Description.Carapace ovate, a little longer than broad, covered 
with low tubercles some of which bear one or two granules; cervical 
and cardiac groove deep. Edge of marginal prominences granulate. 
Rostral lobes short, broad, arcuate, separated by a narrow U-shaped 
sinus. Besides the preorbital lobe, the orbit has 2 small teeth above, 
a well-marked outer lobe and 2 strong teeth below, outside the 
antenna. Antero-lateral protuberances behind the orbit 4, the last 
one at the lateral angle, simple and acute, the others lobiform with 
subacute tips, but subdivided into 2 or 3; the first or hepatic lobe is 
the most prominent, the next lobe is the widest. A postlateral 
tubercle is present. In a dorsal view, a row of subbranchial spines is 
partially visible. 

Basal antennal joint tridentate, all the teeth visible from above, the 
2 outer teeth subequal, the one at the outer angle well behind the 
rostrum, the tooth at base of second joint small. Two subhepatic 
granules. é 

Chelipeds of adult male much longer and heavier than legs. Merus 
tuberculous and spinous, 3 or 4 spines along the inner margin, 5 or 6 
along the outer, 2 rows of spines or tubercles on upper surface, one 
row on outer surface. Carpus granulate. Manus smooth, inflated. 
Fingers short, stout, gape of male short, a small, acute tooth near 
base of dactyl, both fingers crenulate, the propodal finger throughout, 
the dactyl from tip to tooth. Legs furnished with fine, scattered 
hairs and above, with spines. 

Color.—In alcohol reddish; hands of a deeper hue. 

Measurements.—Male (21951), length of carapace 13, width between 
tips of lateral spines 12.4, width across subbranchial regions 12.9 mm. 

Range.—Gulf of California. Depth, 7 to 17 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 420. 


MITHRAX (MITHRAX) LAEVIMANUS Desbonne 
Plate 261 


Mithraz laevimanus DESBONNE, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guade- 
loupe, 1867, p. 7, pl. 1, figs. 1 and 2 (type-locality, Guadeloupe; cotype 
in Paris Mus.). 

Mithraz levimanus A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 94, pl. 
21, figs. 2-2 b. 


420 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 





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Diagnosis —Three spines on 
basal article of antenna. Lateral 
spines of carapace simple. A tu- 
bercle on inner margin of wrist. 

Description. —Resembles WM. 
hispidus; the carapace smooth, and 
having only a few rounded prom- 
inences, but narrower; the front 
also is narrower and much more 
produced. Preorbital projections 
rounded. The basal article of 
antenna bears three blunt spines, 
one below insertion of next article, 
one stronger at antero-external 
angle, the third equally large at 
antero-internal angle. Orbital 
border with only three tubercles. 
Lateral margins armed with five 
almost cylindrical spines, which are 
simple and directed almost for- 
ward; the first and fifth are small- 
est; the fifth is post-lateral. Three 
strong projections on branchial re- 
gions. Wrist with a large tubercle 
on inner margin; otherwise the feet 
resemble those of MM. hispidus. 
Sternal plastron deeply hollowed 
anteriorly for seventh abdominal 
segment; sixth abdominal segment 
very wide in its anterior part. 
Merus of outer maxillipeds longer 
and much less deeply cut at its 
inner angle than in I. hispidus. 

Color.—Carapace a violet brown; 
claws and feet spotted with a 
wine-colored violet (Desbonne). 
The spots persist indefinitely in the 
preserved specimen. 

Measurements.—Male, type, 
length of carapace with rostrum 
71, width without spines 76; dis- 
tance across front and orbits 22 
mm. (Desbonne). 

Range.—Porto Rico; Guadeloupe. 








| 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 491 


Material examined.— 

Porto Rico; Gundlach, collector; 1 small male (Cat. No. 4790, 
Berlin Mus.). 

Guadeloupe; 1 male (Paris Mus.). 


MITHRAX(?) LEUCOMELAS Desbonne 
Mithrax leucomelas DEsBONNE, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guade- 
loupe, 1867, p. 11 (type-locality, Guadeloupe; type not extant). 

Diagnosis.—Carapace, one-fourth longer than wide, without spines 
or lateral angle. 

Description (translated from Desbonne).—Carapace depressed, 
rugose, without spines, a little longer than wide, subtriangular; antero- 
lateral borders slightly denticulated; lateral and posterior angles of 
the carapace rounded, not spinous. Rostrum very small, horizontal, 
bifid. Orbits directed forward and outward, a spine on the outer 
border and two on the inner border (one superior and the other 
inferior). The eyes fold in a postforaminal cavity. The inner 
antennae are directed forward and separated by a spiniform pro- 
longation. The outer antennae have the first segment well developed, 
fused with the front and forming part of the walls of the orbits. 
Abdomen composed of seven articles in both sexes. 

Chelipeds equal, a little more developed than the legs and one and 
one-fourth times as long as the carapace; naked and smooth. Fingers 
broad, gaping, ending in a deep spoon with sharp and denticulated 
edges and a bunch of hairs at the bottom. First leg same length 
as cheliped, the other three legs successively diminish in length; 
dactyls with 4 or 5 spines below. 

Color.—White and black in large spots. 

Measurements.—Type (sex not given), length of carapace 20, 
width 16 mm. 

Habitat—On the rocky shores of Guadeloupe; found at Moule 
(rare). 

Remarks.—Nothing is known of this species except the original 
description by Desbonne. Schramm himself could not find the speci- 
mens described. 

MITHRAX, species indeterminable 

Locality—Valparaiso Bay, Chile; 25 fathoms; C. E. Porter, col- 
lector; one specimen in too poor condition for determination or 
description, the genus alone being certain. Specimen returned to 
sender. 


Subgenus MITHRACULUS 
Carapace with conspicuous, smooth, oblique, branchial sulci. 


Rostral horns very short, shorter than wide, truncate. Minor teeth 
of orbit tuberculiform, inconspicuous. 


422 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


MITHRAX (MITHRACULUS) SCULPTUS (Lamarck) 


Plate 152 


Cancellus rugosus, pedibus hirtis Pativer, Pteri-graphia Americana, 1715, 
No. 368, pl. 20, fig. 6. 

Araneus marinus Spsa, Thesaurus, vol. 3, 1758, p. 49, pl. 19, figs. 22 and 23. 

Maia sculpta Lamarck, Hist. Anim. sans Vert., vol. 5, 1818, p. 242 (type- 
locality not given; type in Paris Mus.?); ed. 2, 1838, p. 436. 

Mithrax sculptus Mitne Epwarps, Mag. de Zool., vol. 2, 1832, pl. 5; Hist. 
Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 322.—Ratupgun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 
15, 1892, p. 271, and synonymy.—GuNDLACH and TorrA.LBas, An. Acad. 


Ppt en es vol. 36, 1899 (1900), p. 330, text-fig.; reprint, 1917, p. 17, pl. [4], 
g. 9. 


Mithraculus coronatus Wurrte, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 7 (part); not 
Cancer coronatus Herbst. 
Mithrax minutus Saussurg, Mém. Soc. Phys. de Genéve, vol. 14, 1857, p. 
425, pl. 1, fig. 1 (type-locality, Antilles; type in Geneva Mus.). 
Mithraculus sculptus Stimpson, Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 29, 1860, p. 1382.— 
A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 105, pl. 20, fig. 2. 
Diagnosis.— Posterior two- 
thirds of carapace nodose. Four 
antero-lateral lobes. Wrist 
smooth, non-dentate. Color 
greenish or bluish. 
Description. — Carapace 
broader than long, with arcuate 
margins. Front broad, little 
advanced, formed of two shallow 
lobes separated by a narrow 
notch. Inner orbital angles ob- 
tuse and _ slightly produced. 
The orbital border bears three 
tubercles—one small superior, 
one external, the other inferior. 
Basal article of antenna very 
Fie. 125.—MITHRAX (MITHRACULUS) SCULPTUS, MALE wide, much expanded outwardly, 
(14058), MAXILLIPED, X 11.8 5 - 
forming a part of floor of orbit; 
its antero-external angle is tuberculiform and scarcely more advanced 
than superior inner orbital angle. Posterior two-thirds of the carapace 
nodose; branchial regions crossed by oblique sulci, the intervening 
elevations being broken up into irregular lobulations. Antero-lateral 
margins cut into four rounded lobes, which in the young are more 
or less pointed. Carapace and chelipeds naked and shining. 
Chelipeds enlarged in the male; the arm has two spiniform tubercles 
in front; carpus smooth and round; hand compressed; dactylus as 
long as palm; fingers widely gaping, each provided with a large tooth, 
that is near the base in the dactylus, but in the middle of the gape in 
the pollex; in the female the fingers gape less and are without large 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 423 


teeth; tips widely spooned. Ambulatory legs somewhat spinous and 
covered with a brush-like coating of stout and slender setae. 

Color.—Olive green, sage green, or bluish green; tips of fingers and 
legs white. ‘Back pale olive green, growing darker forward; claws 
and under part of body rich uniform olive green. Tips of pincers 
whitish. Raised places on back darker than the depressions. Legs 
covered with whitish mud, hairs yellowish.”’ (Henderson). 

Measurements.—Male (15208), entire length 23, width 26.4 mm. 

Habitat.—On sand, shell, grass and mud bottom. Abundant on 
coral reefs. Under stones at low tide. 

Range.—Bahamas and Miami, Florida, to the Abrolhos Islands, 
Brazil; to a depth of 30 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Bahamas; 1859; Dr. H. Bryant; 1 ovigerous 
female (53069), received from Boston Society of 
Natural History. 

Green Turtle Cay, Bahamas; E. A. Andrews; 2 
males (20709). 

Abaco Island, Bahamas; 1886; Albatross; 1 male Peo tse Tho. 
(16304). SCULPTUS, MALE 

New Providence Island, Bahamas; 1886; Alba- 02» pes 
tross; 7 males, 4 females (16310). 

Nassau, Bahamas; 1886; Albatross; 1 young (11412). 

Miami, Florida; G. M. Gray; 1 male (42133). 

Cape Florida, Florida; 1884; Edward Palmer; 4 males, 5 females, 
2 young (13892). 

Biscayne Bay, Florida; 1901; J. E. Benedict; 6 specimens (25565). 

Ragged Key, Florida; on coral reef; May, 1913; J. B. Henderson; 
1 male, 1 female (46047). 

Key Largo, Florida; 1 fathom; grass; H. Hemphill; 1 male (14050). 

Rodriguez Creek, Florida; 1884; Edward Palmer; 2 males, 1 
female (13900). 

Indian Key, Florida; H. Hemphill; 10 males, 3 females, 1 young 
(14058). 

Key Vaccas, Florida; on banks, low tide; H. Hemphill; 1 male 
(15087). 

Knights Key, Florida; H. Hemphill; 8 males, 2 females (15085). 

Off Sombrero, Florida; April 2; William Stimpson; 1 male, 3 
females (young) (1987, M. C. Z.); ‘‘ M. coronatus” (A. Milne Ed- 
wards). 

Big Pine Key, Florida; H. Hemphill; 1 male (15086). 

Bird Key, Florida; April 8, 1889; Grampus; 13 males, 18 females 
(15208). 

Key West, Florida: H. Hemphill; 150 specimens (13816). Low 
tide, under stones; H. Hemphill; 1 ovigerous female (46966). 1884; 





424 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Albatross; 1 male, 1 female (16303). J. S. Kingsley collection; 5 
males, 5 females (53058); received from Boston Society of Natural 
History. William Stimpson; 1 young male (1989, M. C. Z.). 

Woman Key. Florida; William Stimpson: 2 females (1970, M. C. 
Z.). 2 males, 1 female (young) (1988, M. C. Z.); “ M. coronatus”’ 
(A. Milne Edwards). 

Gulf Stream, Florida; dredged, 15 fathoms; April 19; William 
Stimpson; 1 young male (1986, M. C. Z.); “ M. coronatus” (A. 
Milne Edwards). 

Sand Key Reef, Florida; May, 1911; J. B. Henderson; 1 male 
(46967). 

Bush Key, Tortugas; June, 1921; Paul Bartsch; 8 males, 8 females. 
(7 ovigerous), 1 young (56217). 

Dry Tortugas, Florida: 1884; Edward Palmer; 9 males, 18 females. 
(13891), 25 specimens (13564). J. S. Kingsley collection; 2 males, 
1 female, 3 young (53066); received from Boston Society of Natural 
History. Growing on corals in moat; T. W. Vaughan; 1 male 
(50004). 

Dry Tortugas Reefs, Florida; J. B. Henderson; 1 female (46874), 
2 males, 4 ovigerous females (46968). 

Belize, British Honduras; Harry J. Huwe, S. J.; 1 male (50952). 

Spanish Caye, British Honduras; common among the corals; W. 
A. Stanton, S. J.; 1 male, 1 female (22597). 

Swan Islands, Caribbean Sea; February, 1887; C. H. Townsend; 
2 males, 1 female (13984). 

Old Providence Island, Caribbean Sea; 1884; Albatross; 1 male, 
1 female (16199). 

Cuba; 1914; Tomas Barrera Exped. (Henderson and Bartsch): 
Cape San Antonio; May 25; 1 male (48704). Reef, Cape San 
Antonio; caught by copper sulphating of reef; 1 specimen (48705). 
Ensenada de Cajon, off Cape San Antonio; May 22; 1 female (48703). 
Reef Lavesos, opposite Cayo Lavesos; coral sand and rock; June 2; 
station 14; 3 males, 1 female (48706). Bahia Honda; 2 to 12 fathoms; 
mud and coral; June 4; station 15; 1 male (destroyed). Cabafias; 
June 8 and 9; station 16: Sand, shell, grass to mud bottom; 10 
males, 3 females (48662); caught by copper sulphating on reef; 1 
male (48767). Esperanza; May 11; stations 1 and 2; 7 males, 23 
females (48656). 

Mariano beach, Havana, Cuba; M.S. Roig; 1 male (53344). 

Jamaica: March 1-11, 1884; Albatross; 4 males, 1 female (15821). 
1910; E. A. Andrews; 2 males (43067). 

Bogue Islands, Jamaica; from sponge on mangrove roots; August 
10, 1910; C. B. Wilson; 1 female (43071). 

Montego Bay, Jamaica; July 12, 1910; C. B. Wilson; 3 males, 1] 
female (43070). 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 495 


a 


Montego Bay Point, Jamaica; June 28, 1910; E. A. Andrews; 
1 male, 1 female, 1 young (43068). 

Umbrella Point, Jamaica; on coral rocks; July 14, 1910; E. A. 
Andrews; 1 male, 2 females (1 ovigerous) (43069). 

Boqueron Bay, Porto Rico; January 25-28, 1899; Fish Hawk; 
1 male, 7 young (24402). 

Guanica Bay, Porto Rico; January 28, 1899; Fish Hawk; on coral 
reef; 2 males, 3 females (24403). 

Reefs at Guanica, Porto Rico; January 29, 1899; Fish Hawk; 5 
males, 8 females (24404). 

Ponce reefs, Porto Rico; January, 30, 1899; Fish Hawk; 8 males, 
1 female, 2 young (24405). 

Ponce, Porto Rico; January 30 to February 1, 1899; Fish Hawk; 
6 males, 7 females (24406). 

Playa de Ponce Reef, Porto Rico; February 1, 1899; Fish Hawk; 
8 males, 7 females, 2 young (24407). 

Arroyo, Porto Rico; February 3, 1899; Fish Hawk; on Lighthouse 
Reef; 1 male, 1 female, 2 young (24408). 

Arroyo, Porto Rico; February 3 and 4, 1899; Fish Hawk; 3 males, 
3 females (24409). 

Caballo Blanco Reef, Vieques Island, Porto Rico; February 7, 
1899; Mish Hawk; 1 male (24410). 

Ensenada Honda, Culebra Island, Porto Rico; February 9 to 11, 
1899; Fish Hawk; 50 males, 50 females, 10 young (24411); 1 male 
(46875). 

Fajardo, Porto Rico; February 17, 1899; (ish Hawk; 4 males, 
5 females (24212). 

St. Thomas; 1884; Albatross; 95 L aey 20 (7650). 

St. Thomas; 1915; C. R. Shoemaker; gift of Carnegie Institution: 
From piles; 1 female (50383). French Bees lg to 21% fathoms: July 
5; station 6; 2 males, 1 female (50381, 53759). Gregerie Bay; 1% 
to 234 fathoms; July 7; station 7; 5 males, 4 ovigerous females, 1 
young (50384). Drift Bay, Water Island; 114 to 214 fathoms; July 
15; station 11; 1 male (50382). 

Antigua; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition, Univ. Iowa: Eng- 
lish Harbor; 1 male (Mus. 8. U. I.). Pillars of Hercules; 14 males, 
6 females (4 ovigerous) (Mus. S. U. L.). 

Barbados; May 8, 1890; W. H. Brown, U.S. Eclipse Expedition 
to Africa; 2 females (14885). 

Barbados; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition, Univ. Iowa: 
Under sea anemone; 3 males, 1 female (Mus. S. U. I). Pelican 
Island; 4 males (Mus. S. U. I.). 

Curacao; rifwater; 44 fathom; March 3, 1905; J. Boeke; 1 female 
(Leiden Mus.). 


426 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Aruba, Cura¢gao; 1905; J. Boeke: Paarden Bay; 1 fathom; coral 
rocks; March 8; 1 male, 1 young (Leiden Mus.). Lagoon; shallow 
water; among algae; August 8; 1 young (42974). 

Caracas Bay, Curacao; 1920; C. J. van der Horst; 3 males, 1 
female (Amsterdam Mus.). 

Spanish Port, Curagao; April 10, 1920; C. J. van der Horst; 1 
male (56866). 

Brazil; off the Abrolhos Islands; 30 fathoms; 1872; U.S. C. S.S. 
Hassler; 1 young female (1990, M. C. Z.); ‘‘ M. coronatus” (A. Milne 
Edwards). 

MITHRAX (MITHRACULUS) CORYPHE (Herbst) 
Plate 153 

Cancer coronatus Hprsst, Natur. d. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 1, 1785, p. 184, 
pl. 11, fig. 63 (type-locality not given; type not extant). Not Seba, 
Thesaurus, vol. 3, 1758, pl. 22, fig. 6; nor Cancer coronatus Molina, 1782. 

Cancer coryphe H»ersst, Natur. d. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 3, pt. 2, 1801, 
p. 8 (type-locality not given; type not extant). 

Mithraculus coronatus Wuritr, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 7 (part).— 
A. Miung Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 106, pl. 20, fig. 1. 

Mithrax sculptus DESBONNE and ScHramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, 1867, p. 9. 
Not M. sculptus Lamarck. 

Mithrax (Mithraculus) coronatus Mrgers, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, 
1879, p. 667. 

Mithrax coronatus Mimrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, pp. 87 
and 89. 

Mithrax coryphe Ratusun, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897, p. 11. 


Diagnosis.—Carapace a third wider than long, everywhere nodose. 
Three antero-lateral lobes. Wrist nodose. 

Description.—Carapace very ‘wide, about one-third wider than 
long. Rostrum small, with 2 truncate teeth separated by a \-sinus. 
Behind the horns 2 sharp granules. Gastric and cardiac regions 
roughened by a few, regularly placed nodules. Branchial regions 
crossed obliquely by 3 deep furrows, forming 3 oblique elevations; 
the two anterior are entire or nearly so, the posterior broken into 2 
rounded nodules. Antero-lateral margins armed with 3 smocth, 
round, widely-spaced lobes. A small lobe on postero-lateral margin. 
The inner infra-orbital lobe is more advanced than the supra-orbital. 
Basal antennal joint subtriangular, a small, marginal lobe just 
outside base of antenna. 

Chelipeds massive; arm bilobed on inner margin, 4- or 5-lobed on 
outer margin, a few tubercles on upper surface and one at distal end 
of lower surface; wrist obscurely nodose; palm broad; fingers 
deflexed, widely gaping in the old, a single tooth near base of dactyl, 
edges of spooned tips crenulate. Legs more or less rough and fringed 
with coarse setae; merus joints of first two legs armed with two 
teeth below; carpus joints of first three legs spinous above. 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 427 


Color.—Very prettily and finely mottled green and white. Under- 
side chiefly white. Lower part of chelipeds white. Dactyls of 
legs salmon pink with white tips. 

Measurements.—(21957), entire length of carapace 20, width 26.6 
mm. 

Habitat.—In cavities of corals, rocks, and sponges; on sand, shell, 
grass to mud bottom. 

Range.—Bahamas and Miami, Florida to Sao Paulo, Brazil. 
Shallow water to 30 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Abaco Island, Bahamas; 1886; Albatross; 1 male, 2 females (1 
ovigerous) (11374). 

Miami, Florida; G. M. Gray; 1 male (42134). 

Off Biscayne Key, Florida; 16-34 feet; May 29, 1912; Paul 
Bartsch; 1 male, 1 female (45628). 

Indian Key, Florida; H. Hemphill; 2 males, 1 female (15083). 

Key West, Florida: 1885; H. Hemphill; 6 males, 8 females (15082). 
C. T. Maynard; 1 ovigerous female (53059); from Boston Society of 
Natural History. J. S. Kingsley collection; 1 male, 1 ovigerous 
female (53070); from Boston Society of Natural History. 

Sand Key Reef, off Key West, Florida; May, 1911; J. B. Henderson; 
1 male (46962). 

Cuba; 1914; Tomas Barrera Expedition, Henderson and Bartsch: 
On reef flat between Cayo Hutia and the little Cayo northeast of 
light; 1 male (48766). Cabafias; Sand, shell, grass to mud bottom; 
June § and 9; 5 males (48663), caught by copper sulphating on reef; 
2 males (48764, 48765). 

Jamaica: T. H. Morgan; 1 female (17210). Kingston Harbor; 
1896; F. S. Conant; 1 male (19588). 

Puerto Real, Porto Rico; January 27, 1899; Fish Hawk; 1 young 
female (24394). 

Boqueron Bay, Porto Rico; January 28, 1899; Fish Hawk; on 
coral reef; 1 male (24393), 

Reefs at Ponce, Porto Rico; January 30, 1899; Fish Hawk; 1 male, 
2 females (24395). 

Playa de Ponce reef, Porto Rico; February 1, 1899; Fish Hawk; 
3 males, 7 females, 1 young (24396). 

Arroyo, Porto Rico; February 3, 1899; Fish Hawk; 3 males, 2 
females (24202). 

Ensenada Honda, Culebra Island, Porto Rico; February 9, 1899; 
Fish Hawk; 1 male, 1 young (24398). 

St. Thomas: 1884; Albatross; 12 specimens (16200). French Bay, 
6 to 21% fathoms; July 5, 1915; station 6; 2 males, 1 ovigerous 
female (50387, 53760). 


428 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Antigua; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition, Univ. Iowa: Pillars 
of Hercules; 6 males, 7 females (4 ovigerous) (Mus. S. U. 1.). Fort 
Barclay; July 9; 1 male (Mus. S. U. I.). 

Barbados; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition, Univ. Iowa; 
Pelican Island; 2 males, 1 female (Mus. S. U. I.); tide pool, May 
11, 1 male, 2 ovigerous females (Mus. S. U. I.). Barbados; on shore, 
and from coral head, and under sea anemones; 3 males, 11 females 
(5 ovigerous), 1 young (Mus. S. U. [L.). 

Coral reef, Colon, Panama; May 2, 1911; Meek and Hildebrand, 
Smithsonian Biological Survey; 1 ovigerous female (44186). 

Cartagena, Colombia; Colegio de San Pedro Apostol; 1 male 
(53411). 

Caracas Bay, Cura¢ao; April and May, 1920; C. J. van der Horst; 
1 male, 3 young (56375), 2 males, 2 young (Amsterdam Mus.). 

West Point, Curacao; May 14, 1920; C. J. van der Horst; 3 young 
(Amsterdam Mus.). 

Balata Bay, Huevos Island, Trinidad; January 29; W. O. Crosby; 
1 young female (55699). 

Brazil; 1876-1877; Richard Rathbun, Hartt Explorations: Fer- 
nando Noronha; 1 male, 1 female (19948). Pernambuco; 1 male 
(41426). Rio Formoso, Pernambuco; 1 male, 1 female (19947). 
Mar Grande, Bahia; 2 males (19949). 

Brazil; 1899; A. W. Greeley, Branner-Agassiz Expedition: Rio 
Goyanna stone reef; 2 males (Stanford Univ.). Pernambuco stone 
reef, at Ilha de Nogueira; July 10; 3 males (25762). Boa Viagem 
stone reef; 2 females (Stanford Univ.). Maceio coral reef, Alagéas; 
July 22, 23, 26; 11 males, 4 females (25763). 

Abrolhos Islands, Brazil; December 27, 1887; Albatross; 8 males, 6 
females (21957). 

Ilha Victoria, Sio Paulo, Brazil; 1906; Fr. Giinther; 1 male (47831), 
received from H. von Ihering. 


MITHRAX (MITHRACULUS) DENTICULATUS Bell 


Plate 154, figs. 2 and 3 


Mithrax denticulatus Breuu, Proce. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), 
p. 172 (type-locality, Galapagos Islands, under stones; type not extant) ; 
Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 54, pl. 11, fig. 2—Nosr1u, 
Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, 1901, No. 415, 
p. dl. 

Mithraculus denticulatus Wuitrn, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 7.—A. 
MitnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 109, pl. 23, fig. 4. 


Diagnosis.—Carapace nearly thalf wider than long. Two lobes 
and one spine on antero-lateral margin. Two lobes of basal antennal 
segment equally advanced. Inner edge of wrist laminate. 

Description.—General shape same as in M. coryphe. Rostrum 
similar. Tubercles immediately behind rostral horns larger than in 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 429 


coryphe. Five of the smallest gastric tubercles form a transverse 
row. Oblique branchial grooves deep, but more longitudinal than 
in coryphe. Antero-lateral projections consisting of two lobes 
followed by a spine at the lateral angle; all are hooked forward at the 
tip. A postlateral spine is followed by two dorsal tubercles in the 
same line. Anterior edge of basal segment of antenna deeply 
bilobed, lobes equally advanced with the rostrum. 

Chelipeds wider than in coryphe; arm with only one lobe, which 
may be feebly bilobed, on inner margin, 4 spines on outer margin, 
and on distal half two or three tubercles above and one below; 6 
well-marked tubercles on dorsal surface of wrist and 2 on inner edge, 
which is laminate; manus short and high; immovable finger horizontal; 
interdigital sinus triangular; a tooth at proximal two-fifths of dactylus, 
prehensile edges crenulate at the tips. Legs very rough with spines 
above and furnished with coarse setae; merus joints with from 1 to 3 
tubercles below, of last pair with tubercles also on posterior surface. 

Color.—Plumbeous, passing into fuscous (Bell). 

Measurements.—Male (3209), entire length of carapace 13, width 
including spines 19 mm. 

Range.—Lower California to Ecuador. 

Material examined.— 

Cape St. Lucas; John Xantus; 1 male, 1 young female (1241, 
M,C, Zs 

Panama; Capt. J. M. Dow; 2 males, 1 female (3209). 

Perico Island, Panama; October 26, 1904; Albatross; 1 male, 1 
female (33388), 1 male (M. C. Z.). 


MITHRAX (MITHRACULUS) NODOSUS Bell 


Plate 155 


Mithrax nodosus Brew, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835, p. 171 (type- 
locality, Galapagos Islands; type not extant); Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 
vol. 2, 1836, p. 53, pl. 11, figs. 1-1b. 

Mithraculus nodosus Wutte, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 7—A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 108, pl. 23, figs. 5-5d. 

Mitraculus ruber Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, ser. 1, vol. 3, 1889, p. 185. 
Not Mithraculus ruber Stimpson. 

Diagnosis.—Three large lobes on antero-lateral margin. Posterior 
part of carapace eroded. Inner edge of cheliped (to middle of manus) 
laminate. 

Description.—Allied to M. coryphe. Carapace narrower, rostral 
teeth narrower and more deeply separated; the pair of tubercles 
behind them subacute; 7 small, gastric tubercles in 2 transverse 
rows of 2 and 5; inner supra-orbital angles narrow, lobiform, pro- 
minent; outer angles not dentiform nor pronounced; 3 antero-lateral 
lobes larger than in coryphe, the first one close to the orbital angle; a 


5487—257 29 





430 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


small, acute, postero-lateral tooth. Carapace along the posterior and 
postero-lateral borders granular and eroded. Oblique grooves on 
the branchial region shallower than in coryphe. 

A low tubercle on the basal antennal segment directly behind the 
insertion of the next segment. The merus of the outer maxilliped 
appears very short, being overlaid by a prolongation of the inner 
two-thirds of the ischium. 

Inner margin of arm of cheliped very thin and sharp, unilobate; 
outer margin bilobate, the lobes coarse, like those of the carapace; 
a tubercle on upper surface. Wrist rough with tubercles, its inner 
edge produced, thin, truncate and entire. Hand 
high, upper edge proximally sharp; immovable 
finger horizontal; gape in the adult male moderate; 
a single tooth at the basal two-fifths of the dactylus; 
crenulation of finger tips feeble. 

Legs coarsely spinose; from each spine proceeds 
a tuft of coarse setae; tufts of slenderer setae 
elsewhere. 

Color.—Brown above; hands dark plumbeous; it 
is paler beneath (Bell). 

: Measurements.—Male (25673), entire length of 
IG. 127—MITHRAX f 
(MiTHRAcULUs) Nov- Carapace 23.2, width 29.4 mm. 
vee Habitat.—Under stones at low water (Bell). 
; Range.—Galapagos Islands; Chile (Miers). 

Material examined.— 

James Island, Galapagos Islands; Hassler; 5 males, 4 females 
(1983, M. C. Z.). 

Albemarle Island, Galapagos Islands; 1898-1899; Hopkins Stan- 
ford Galapagos Expedition: Black Bight; January 9;2 males (Stanford 
Univ.). Tagus Cove, on reef north of Tagus Hill; March 16; 1 male, 
1 female, 1 young (25673), 2 males, 1 female, 1 young (Stanford 
Univ.). 

Chatham Island, Galapagos Islands; Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S. N.; 
1 male, cast shell (13873). 

Hood Island, Galapagos Islands; April 7, 1888; Albatross; 1 female 
(21959). 

Charles Island, Galapagos Islands: April 8, 1888; Albatross; 1 
female (21958). Hassler; 3 males (1 soft shell), 3 females (1981, 
1982, M. C. Z.). 

Duncan Island, Galapagos Islands; April 18, 1888; Albatross; 2 
females (21960). 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 431 


MITHRAX (MITHRACULUS) FORCEPS (A. Milne Edwards) 
Plate 156 


Mithraculus forceps A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 109, 
pl. 23, fig. 1 (type-locality, Guiana; type in Paris Mus.). 

Mithraculus hirsutipes Kinastny, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 20 
1879, p. 147 (type-locality, Key West, Florida; type not extant). 

Mithrax forceps Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, pp. 87 and ° 
88.—RatTuBoun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 269. 

Mithrazx hirsutipes Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 87. 

Mithrax forceps hirsutipes Verriutu, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 
13, 1908, p. 409, text-fig. 42, pl. 24, figs. 4-6. 

Diagnosis.—Ridges between sulci of carapace little subdivided. 
Four acute antero-lateral spines or teeth. Wrist smooth above. 
Color reddish or yellowish. 

Description.—Carapace similar in shape to that of M. sculptus, 
comparatively smooth, large specimens with scattered punctures, 
small ones deeply sculptured. Three grooves run diagonally back- 
ward from near first, second, and fourth sinuses of lateral margin; 
of the intervening ridges thus formed, the two anterior are less 
broken up into lobules than in MM. sculptus. Six or seven depressed 
tubercles along margin and on posterior part of branchial region, 
two or three along outer margin of hepatic region, and two pairs on 
frontal region directly behind lobes of rostrum. Median notch of 
front broadly V-shaped. Antero-lateral teeth four, acute, slender, 
separated by broad rounded sinuses, the first the shortest and in 
large specimens subacute, the remainder sharp and directed forward, 
the second usually the longest and largest. Sometimes a small 
postero-lateral tooth. 

Arm with five spines or spiniform tubercles on upper (posterior) 
margin, two on upper face just within margin; on the inner (anterior) 
margin two prominent teeth. Carpus smooth, sometimes unarmed, 
often with a short spine or tubercle on inner margin anterior to inner 
angle, giving appearance of a double tooth. Fingers widely gaping 
in male; dactylus with a large tooth one-third distance from proximal 
end, or instead a few minute teeth; the pollex may have from one to 
three small teeth or tubercles in the middle. Ambulatory legs 
distinctly spiny and fine-hairy. 

Color.—Chestnut or terra-cotta or uniform yellowish-brown, vary- 
ing to dull yellow and to greenish-brown. Often there is a wide, 
pale yellow, median dorsal stripe, especially in the young, where 
also the legs are often banded. (Verrill.) 

Habitat.—On rocky shores and reefs in crevices and living under 
stones and dead corals; also exposed, between tides and in shallow 
water. (Verrill.) 

Measurements.—Male (25448), entire length 21, width 24.6 mm. 


432 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Range.—From Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, via Gulf of Mexico 
to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Bermuda. Shallow water to 30 fathoms. 
Material examined.—See table, pages 434-437. 


MITHRAX (MITHRACULUS) RUBER (Stimpson) 
Plate 157 


Mithraculus ruber Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 118 
(type-locality, reef at Cruz del Padre, Cuba; type not extant). 

Mithraculus nudus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 110, 
pl. 23, fig. 2 (type-locality, Guadeloupe; cotypes in Paris Mus.). 

Mithrax ruber Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 87. 

Mithrax nudus Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 87. 


Diagnosis.—Dorsal sulci shallow. Three antero-lateral protuber- 
ances, all blunt in the old, the last one sharp in the immature. A 
small lobe on outer margin of basal antennal joint. One lobe on 
inner margin of arm. 

Description.—Carapace of moderate width; surface naked (pubes- 
cent in the young), polished, and uneven. A few rounded promi- 
nences are on branchial region; some small depressed tubercles are 
arranged: in transverse rows on gastric region, and larger ones occur 
on cardiac and branchial regions. The lateral protuberances are 
four, the first two blunt, the last two blunt in the old, sharp and 
spiniform in the immature, the third largest and most produced, the 
fourth postlateral; a tubercle on anterior slope of the second tooth, 
a spine in the interval between second and third. Frontal horns 
very short, thickened, upturned, blunt; interspace narrow, V-shaped. 
Behind the horns two small acute prominences. Margin of orbit 
thickened, especially the preorbital lobe; a small tooth on upper 
margin; outer angle very slightly projecting. Basal antennal joint 
rather narrow, with two lobes, one large and thick at antero-external 
angle and further advanced than preorbital lobe, the other small, 
on outer margin. Chelipeds strong; arm with a single lobe at proxi- 
mal end of anterior margin, four spines on posterior margin, and two 
spines on upper surface; wrist almost smooth, its inner angle proxi- 
mally situated and smoothly rounded. Hand with parallel margins; 
immovable finger convex beneath; fingers denticulate except at base; 
the movable finger in the full-grown male bears a strong tooth near 
its proximal third; fingers gaping. Ambulatory legs spinous and 
densely hairy, with fine and coarse hairs; merus of first three pairs 
with a tubercle on lower margin. 

Color.—Carapace chestnut-red with some bluish posteriorly (Stimp- 
son). 

Measurements.—Female (24096), entire length 13, width 15.8 mm. 
The male type of nudus was much larger, 19 by 24 mm. 

Range.—From Cuba to Barbados and Curag¢ao. 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 433 


Material examined.— 

Cabanas, Cuba; 2 to 25 fathoms; sand, shell, grass to mud bottom; 
June 8-9, 1914; station 16, Tomas Barrera Expedition, Henderson 
and Bartsch, collectors; 1 young (48748). 

Mayaguez, Porto Rico; January 23, 1899; Fish Hawk: on coral reef; 
1 male (24131). 

Playa de Ponce Reef, Porto Rico; February 1, 1899; Fish Hawk; 
2 young (24095). 

Arroyo, on Lighthouse Reef, Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk; 1 fe- 
male, 1 young (24096). 

St. Thomas; 1915; Clarence R. Shoemaker; gift of Carnegie Insti- 
tution: French Bay; 4% to 2144 fathoms; July 5; station 6; 1 male 
(50380). Gregerie Bay; 4% to 234 fathoms; July 7; station 7; 1 
young female (50379). St. Thomas Harbor; taken from sponges; 
July 11; 1 male, 2 females (50377). Drift Bay, Water Island; 4% to 
21% fathoms; July 15; station 11; 1 young (50378). 

English Harbor, Antigua; shore; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Exped., 
Univ. Iowa; 1 female (Mus. S. U. I.). 

Guadeloupe; 1 male, 1 female (Geneva Mus.). Two specimens, 
cotypes (Paris Mus.). 

Barbados; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Exped., Univ. Iowa: Pelican 
Island, Barbados; 1 male, 1 young female (Mus. 8S. U.I.). Needham 
Point; May 18; 4 males, 1 immature female (Mus. S. U. I.). Off 
Needham Point; 84 fathoms; rocky; station 20; 2 males, 3 females 
(Mus. S. U. 1.). Okra Reef; May 13; 6 males, 6 females, all small 
(Mus. S. U. I.). Barbados; some from coral heads; 13 males, 6 fe- 
males (3 ovigerous), 3 young (Mus. 8S. U. L.). 

Caracas Bay, Curagao; C. J. van der Horst: In Maeandrina; 
April 7, 1920; 1 male, 3 young (56373). In sponge; May 3, 1920; 
1 ovigerous female (56376). 


MITHRAX (MITHRACULUS) AREOLATUS (Lockington) 
Plate 154, fig. 1 


Mithrax areolatus Locxtnaton, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 1876 
(1877), p. 71 [9] (type-localities, Port Escondido and San José Island, 
both in the Gulf of California; types not extant). 

Mithraculus areolatus? Streets and, Kinestry, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 9, 


1877, p. 104. 

Mithraculus areolatus Kinastry, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 20, 1879, 
p. 146. 

Mitraculus areolatus Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, ser. 1, vol. 3, 1889, 
p. 186. 


Diagnosis.—Carapace deeply areolate. Three antero-lateral teeth, 
first and second obtuse, third slender and acute. Wrist prominently 
tuberculate. 








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437 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 


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438 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Description (after Kingsley).—Carapace naked, depressed, deeply 
areolate, areolations less broken than in M. sculptus, punctate; a 
transverse row of five tubercles on the gastric region and two more 
acute ones on the outer posterior portion of each branchial region, 
two prominent tubercles at the base of the rostrum, one on each side 
of the median line. Rostrum short, outer margin of horns arcuate, 
inner straight. Orbits with one distinct fissure above, inner angle 
prominent, rounded; outer angle also rounded but less prominent; 
external hiatus a round opening. Antero-lateral margin with 3 teeth 
besides the external angle of the orbit; first and second teeth stout, 
prominent, obtuse, the second the larger; third tooth slender, acute, 
hooked forward; a small acute tooth on the postero-lateral margin 
behind the lateral angle. A tubercle on the subhepatic region beneath 
the first tooth of the antero-lateral margin. An oblique row of 
rounded tubercles running backward from the palatal region. Basal 
joint of antenna with two short blunt teeth. 

Chelipeds small; posterior margin of merus 4-toothed, upper surface 
with one tooth, inner margin with a single rounded tubercle; carpus 
prominently tuberculate; hand smooth, inflated, cristate above at the 
base, a small depressed tubercle on the outer surface at the articula- 
tion with the carpus; fingers moderately gaping, denticulated at the 
extremity, a basal tooth on the dactylus in both sexes, but larger in 
male. Legs with spinous tubercles on the basal joints, becoming 
obsolete on the distal joints; dactyli strongly arcuate. 

Color.—In spirits, light red (Lockington). Carapace and legs 
ochraceous yellow (Cano). 

Measurements.—Male, cotype, length 16, width 18.5 mm. (Lock- 
ington); male, length 11, width 13.5 mm. (Kingsley); female, length 
11.7, width 15 mm. (Kingsley). 

Range.—San Diego, California; Gulf of California (type-locality) ; 
Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama (Cano). 

Material examined.—San Diego, California (locality supposedly 
correct); 1 young specimen, dried (53961); gift of San Diego Society 
of Natural History. 


MITHRAX (MITHRACULUS) CINCTIMANUS (Stimpson) 


Plate 158 


Mithraculus cinctimanus Stimpson, Amers Journ. Sci., vol. 29, 1860, p. 132 
(nomen nudum); Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 186 
(type-localities, Tortugas and St. Thomas; types not extant).—A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 112, pl. 23, fig. 3. 

Mithrax affinis DeEsBoNNE in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, 
1867, p. 10 (type-locality, Guadeloupe; cotype in Paris Mus.). 

Mithrazx cinctimanus Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 87. 


Diagnosis.—Carapace longer than broad. Four antero-lateral 
teeth, either acute or tuberculiform. Two teeth on anterior margin 
of basal antennal joint. 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 439 


Description.—Carapace longer than broad and covered, especially 
on posterior two-thirds, with small, rounded lobules or tubercles. 
Branchial regions obliquely suleate. Rostral horns short, rather 
narrow, and widely separated. Inner angle of orbit prominent, acute. 
Antero-lateral margin with four small teeth, often tuberculiform, 
sharp-pointed in the old. Basal joint of antenna very broad, with 
an antero-external spine, barely exceeding upper preorbital tooth, and 
a tooth behind the next segment. 

Arm tuberculous, two or three spiniform teeth on inner margin, 
outer margin tuberculous; wrist nearly smooth, two or three tubercles 
on inner margin; palm dilated; fingers gaping; a tooth on dactylus 
near its base; sometimes a smaller one on pollex near spoon; spoon- 
shaped tips long, crenulated. Ambulatory legs a little rough, sparsely 
hairy, hairs fic. and chiefly on last three joints. 

Color.—Y ellowish, with a large brown spot covering a large part 
of the cardiac region. Claws and feet spotted with brown and white; 
often the dark shade forms a broad band on the hand, whence the 
specific name. 

Measurements.—Female (13897), entire length of carapace 20.5, 
width 19.7 mm. 

Range.—Bahamas and Florida Keys to West Indies and Curacao. 

Material examined.— 

Green Turtle Cay, Bahamas; EK. A. Andrews; 1 male (20708). 

Cape Florida, Florida; 1884; Edward Palmer; 1 female (15084). 

Biscayne Bay, Florida; 1901; J. E. Benedict; 1 male, 1 female 
(25564). 

Elliotts Key, Florida; 1901; J. E. Benedict; 1 male (25570). 

Carysfort Reef, Florida; 1884; Edward Palmer; 1 female (13897). 

Rodriguez Creek, Florida; 1884; Edward Palmer; 1 male (14429). 

Harbor Key, Florida; J. S. Kingsley collection; 1 male, 1 ovigerous 
female (53047); from Boston Society of Natural History. 

North of Knight’s Key Channel, Florida; 2 miles NE. by E. of 
Basin Bank; 814 feet; rocky; January 22, 1903; station 7417, Fish 
Hawk; 1 female (46878). 

Salt Pond Key, Florida; 1884; Edward Palmer; 1 male (14439). 

Key West, Florida: 1885; H. Hemphill; 40 specimens (13830), 1 
young (16062). 1884; Albatross; 4 males, 9 females (16194). 

Eastern Dry Rocks, Florida; 1884; Edward Palmer; 1 male (14437). 

Jamaica; T. H. Morgan; 1 specimen (17208). 

Harris Point, west of Montego Bay, Jamaica; July 16, 1910; 
E. A. Andrews; 1 male (43007). 

Umbrella Point, near Montego Bay, Jamaica; July 15, 1910; 
EK. A. Andrews; 1 ovigerous female (43008). 

Kingston Harbor, Jamaica; 1893; R. P. Bigelow; 1 male (17963). 


440 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Guanica Bay, Porto Rico; on coral reef; January 28, 1899; Fish 
Hawk; 1 male, 1 female (24203). 

St. Thomas; 1884; Albatross; 4 specimens (16195). 

Mosquito Bay, St. Thomas; 2 fathoms; July 21, 1915; station 12, 
Clarence R. Shoemaker; 1 male (50374), gift of Carnegie Institution. 

Groote Bai, St. Martin; among stones and algae; August, 1905; 
J. Boeke; 1 ovigerous female (42977). 

Simsons Bay Lagoon, St. Martin; shallow water; on coral rocks, 
inside sponges; September 7, 1905; J. Boeke; 1 male, 1 ovigerous 
female (Leiden Mus.). 

English Harbor, Antigua; shore; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Exped., 
Univ. Iowa; 1 immature female (Mus. S. U. I.). 

Curacao; 1884; Albatross; 2 males, 1 female (16196). 

Spanish Water (lagoon), Curac¢ao; shallow water, among madre- 
pores; July 7, 1905; J. Boeke; 1 male (Leiden Mus.). 

Spanish Water, Cura¢ao; from Porites porites; 1920; C. J. van der 
Horst; 1 male (56859). 

Caracas Bay, Curacao; from coral; April 7, 1920; C. J. van der 
Horst; 1 female (56856). 


Genus TELEOPHRYS Stimpson 


Teleophrys Stimpson, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 29, 1860, p. 133; type, 
T. cristulipes Stimpson. 


Allied to Mithraz, but distinguished by the character of the orbits 
which have the superior and exterior margins entire or nearly so; 
there may be traces of two superior fissures. Carapace ovate. 
Basal segment of antenna narrower than in typical Mithrax, armed 
with a tooth at the antero-external angle. Merus of outer maxilliped 
broader than ischium, and notched at internal angle for reception of 
palpus. Legs cristate. 

Restricted to America. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS TELEOPHRYS 


A!. Carapace broader than long. Legs cristate on upper, but not on lower 
surface. 

B!, A tooth at middle of outer margin of basal article of antenna. Three 
antero-lateral branchial spines. No lobe on posterior (outer) surface 
of propodus of legs. Second movable article of antennae long. 

cristulipes, p. 441. 
B?. No tooth at middle of outer margin of basal article of antenna. 
C!. Two (or sometimes one) antero-lateral branchial spines. A lobe on 
posterior (outer) surface of propodus of legs_-=-__--- tumidus, p. 442. 
C2. Three antero-lateral branchial tubercles, the posterior one may be acute. 
No lobe on posterior (outer) surface of propodus of legs. Second 


movable article of antennae short__-_____-_---_---- pococki, p. 443. 
A®. Carapace distinctly longer than broad. Legs cristate on upper and lower 
surfaces. 2 Jo 2 SR Ss eee ornatus, p. 444, 


Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: pocockt 
(Atlantic) ; cristulipes (Pacific). 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 441 


TELEOPHRYS CRISTULIPES Stimpson 
Plate 159, figs. 1, 2 and 7; plate 262, fig. 7 


Teleophrys cristulipes Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7, 1860, 
p. 190 [62], pl. 2, fig. 2 (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; cotype, Cat. No. 
1226, M. C. Z.; the specimen mentioned by Pocock is probably also a 
cotype).—A. MiLNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 113, pl. 19, figs. 
2-2e (Mithrax, subgenus Mithraculus, section Teleophrys).—RATHBUN, 
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 536, pl. 46, fig. 2 (after Stimpson) ; 
part: Cape St. Lucas specimen only. 

? Mithrax cristulipes Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 87. 

Mithraz cristulipes Ratusun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 273 
(part: Pacific coast specimens only). 


Diagnosis.—Front (in advance of fronto-orbital sinus) twice as 
broad as long. Three (exceptionally four) antero-lateral, branchial, 
marginal spines. Only one lobe on the propodus of ambulatory legs, 
exclusive of those on the articulating margin. Third (or second free) 
article of antenna long and slender. 

Description.—Carapace a little broader than long, triangular in 
front, laterally and posteriorly rounded. Surface sparingly granulate 
and tuberculate. Gastric and cardiac regions moderately protuber- 
ant, the former crossed at the middle by a row of four small tubercles, 
the outer pair a little in advance of the innerpair. Branchial region, 
deeply separated from the hepatic and armed with three subequal, 
curved, acute spines on its antero-lateral margin; occasionally a 
smaller, additional spine is inserted; a marginal hepatic spine; a small 
spine on postero-lateral margin; above it a large, posteriorly-flat- 
tened, blunt tubercle; a small tubercle toward the inner angle of the 
region. 

Rostral horns very small, triangular, blunt; interspace triangular. 
Preorbital angle elevated and with a dimple near the tip; upper margin 
of orbit with a small V-shaped emargination continued backward by a 
furrow. Antennae two-thirds as long as carapace, basal article with a 
small tooth on its outer margin besides the large one at the antero- 
external angle; on the carapace just outside the base of this article 
there is a tubercle. The second movable article is long and slender, 
fully three times as long as its greatest or distal width. 

Inner distal margin of merus of maxilliped oblique. Feet rather 
broad, naked above, and covered with lamelliform spines or short 
leaflike crests, often somewhat imbricated. Chelipeds with the crests 
on merus and carpus less developed than on the ambulatories; a 
prominent, bilobed crest on inner margin of merus and of carpus; two 
long undivided crests on outer surface of carpus; hands very high, 
compressed, cristate above, less so below, smooth except for a conical 
tubercle at proximal end, considerably below the middle; surface 
covered with brownish spots, in alcohol. Fingers of adult male 
widely gaping, narrow, subcylindrical, tips excavate, crenulate; a 


449 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


tooth on dactyl just behind middle of gape; between this tooth and the 
tip one or two minute, acute teeth, and on the fixed finger three or 
four such teeth. On the ambulatory legs the merus, carpus and pro- 
podus are lobed on their distal margins; the merus and carpus have 
several dorsal lobes, somewhat biserially arranged, while the propodus 
has but one dorsal lobe, near its middle; this article diminishes rapidly 
in length from first to last leg, and is nearly twice as long in first as in 
last. The distal half of the dactylus is strongly curved; a few small 
spinules beneath; horny tip long, light-colored. 

Measurements.—Male (46079), total length of carapace 8.7, width 
of same with spines 10, without spines 9.3 mm. 

Range.—From Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico, to 
Panama. Mliers*® gives “ California,’”’ probably an error for “ Lower 
California.” 

Material examined.— 

Cape St. Lucas, Lower California; John Xantus; 3 males, 6 females 
(3 ovigerous), cotypes (1226, M. C. Z.). 

Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico; on drifted pile; July 17, 1913; C. R. 
Orcutt; 4 males, 2 females (46079). 

Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama; S. W. Garman; 3 males, 3 females 
(1994, M. C. Z.). 


TELEOPHRYS TUMIDUS (Cano) 
Plate 159, figs. 8 and 9 


Mitraculus tumidus Cano, Boll. Soe. Nat. Napoli, ser. 1, vol. 8, 1889, p. 186, 
pl. 7, fig. 7 (type-locality, Payta, Peru; type in Naples Mus.). 

Mithrax tumidus RatusBun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 575. 

Teleophrys cristulipes RatHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 536 
(part; not pl. 46, fig. 2). 

Diagnosis.—Front (in advance of fronto-orbital sinus) less than 
twice as broad as long. One or two antero-lateral, branchial, mar- 
ginal spines. A lateral, as well as a dorsal, lobe on the posterior sur- 
face of the propodus of the ambulatory legs. Third (or second free) 
article of antenna short and stout. 

Description.—Compared to T. cristulipes, the carapace is relatively 
longer, the lateral angle more pronounced, so that the carapace is 
Jess rotund and more triangular; the surface has more granules and 
fewer tubercles and spines. The crescentic branchial elevation either 
side of the cardiac region is wider and more swollen. There are only 
two antero-lateral marginal spines, one at the lateral angle and one in 
front of it, which is exceptionally replaced by a tubercle. The ante- 
rior branchial spine and the hepatic spine of cristulipes are replaced 
by tubercles. The postero-lateral spine is of good size; in front of it 
is a tubercle which with the three marginal spines forms a parallelo- 
gram. 





83 Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 87. 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 443 


Front more triangular than in cristulipes; the space between the 
horns is a narrow slit. Upper margin of orbit with two slight emargi- 
nations. Outer margin of basal article of antenna subentire and 
nondentate, although posteriorly it curves outward slightly in a 
shallow lobe. Second free article short and stout, less than twice as 
long as its greatest or distal width. 

Inner distal angle of merus of maxilliped deeply notched. 

Chelipeds less rough than in cristulipes. The tubercle at the 
proximal end of the palm is higher up or nearer the middle. The 
fingers of the well-developed male, while similar to those of cristu- 
lipes are a little less slender, and taper gradually from base to tip; 
in cristulipes they are of more even 
width throughout. The ambulatory 
legs are stouter than in cristulipes, 
especially the propodus; this article 
has a lobe on the posterior surface as 
well as on top; the dactylus is shorter, 
stouter and more curved than in the 
allied species. 

Measurements.—Male (40466), total 
length of carapace 17.8, width of 
same with spines 19, without spines 


18.2 mm. 
Range.—Galapagos Islands; north- 

ern Peru. 
Material examined.— \\ 
Reef north of Tagus Hill, Tagus \\ 


Cove, Albemarle Island, Galapagos 
ieee) Mirch 16,1899" Stanford) es Wee a Geant ions 
Galapagos Expedition; 1 male (25678). 

Payta, Peru; U.S. C.S.S. Hassler; 5 males, 2 females (1 ovigerous) 
(1995, M. C. Z.); 1 male, 1 female (55119). 

Bay of Sechura, about half way between Bayovar and Matacaballa, 
Peru; dredged; April 10, 1907; R. E. Coker, collector; received 
from Peruvian Government; 1 male, 1 female (40466). 


TELEOPHRYS POCOCKI Rathbun 
Plate 159, figs. 5 and 6 


Mithrax (Teleophrys) cristulipes Pocock, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool. 
vol. 20, 1890, p. 508. 

Mithraz cristulipes RatuBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 273, 
(part: Brazilian specimens). 

Teleophrys cristulipes RatuHBun, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1900, 
p. 143; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 536 (part: Brazilian 
specimens). 

Teleophrys pocockt Ratuswun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 14, 1924, 
p. 5 (type-locality, Maceio coral reef, Alagoas, Brazil; holotype, male, 
Cat. No. 25765). 


444 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Diagnosis —Only one antero-lateral spine on carapace. An 
obscure tooth at middle of outer margin of basal antennal article. 
Tubercle on palm large. No lobe on posterior surface of propodus 
of ambulatory legs. 

Description.—Resembling cristulipes in shape of carapace and 
chelae. The carapace is smoother, the granules and tubercles fewer 
and much depressed; the marginal protuberances are mostly tubercles, 
one hepatic, three branchial (antero-lateral) of which the second and 
third are nearer together than first and second, second smallest, third 
longest, directed nearly forward; a large tubercle is above the postero- 
lateral margin. Front less deeply bifid than in cristulipes. The upper 
distal margin appears entire but a slight depression takes the place 
of a notch. Preorbital tooth short, tip arcuate, not dimpled. Basal 
antennal article more triangular than in the allied species, its anterior 
tooth very short and blunt, outer tooth obsolescent; second movable 
article about twice as long as wide. 

Merus of maxillipeds with an oblique inner distal margin. 

Chelipeds stout; the carpus has two distant lobes on inner margin 
and only one unbroken ridge on outer surface. Palm dark colored 
except at distal end, fingers with a broad, reddish band across the 
middle. The tubercle at proximal end of palm is situated as in 
cristulipes but is larger and sublaminar. Legs slenderer than in 
cristulipes, the last two articles resembling in shape those of that 
species, having no lateral lobe but a minute dorsal lobe. 

Measurements.—Largest male (25765), greatest length of carapace 
7.3, greatest width 7.7 mm. Largest female (Amsterdam Mus.), 
greatest length 9.3, greatest width 11.3 mm. 

Range.—Cura¢gao; Brazil, from Fernando Noronha Island (Pocock) 
to Alagoas. 

Material examined.— 

Caracas Bay, Cura¢gao; 1920; C. J. van der Horst: From a stone 
on shore; April 30; 1 ovigerous female (Amsterdam Mus.). In 
sponges; May 3; 1 male (56374), 1 male (Amsterdam Mus.). 

Rio Formoso, Pernambuco, Brazil; 1876-1877; R. Rathbun, Hartt. 
Explorations; 1 male, 1 female (19957). 

Maceio coral reef, Alagoas, Brazil; July 23 and 26 and August 3, 
1899; A. W. Greeley, Branner-Agassiz Exped.; 4 males (1 is holotype), 
3 females (25765). 


TELEOPHRYS ORNATUS Rathbun 
Plate 159, figs. 3 and 4; plate 262, figs. 8 and 9 


Mithraz sp., Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 89, pl. 10, 
figs. 3, 3a-3b.—Ratupun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 273. 
Teleophrys ornatus RatTuBun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20 for 1900, 
part 2, 1901, p. 65, text-fig. 11 (type-locality, Mayaguez Harbor, 4 to 6 

fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 23774, U.S.N.M.). 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 445 





Diagnosis.—Carapace distinctly longer than broad. Two large 
tubercles on the intestinal region, one on each side of the median 
line. A very large branchial spine near lateral angle. Legs cristate 
on posterior as well as anterior margins. 

Description.—Carapace longer than broad; two median tubercles, 
one gastric, one cardiac; a stout, suberect spine on branchial region 
near postero-lateral angle; an oblique row of three very small spines 
on lateral branchial margin, the posterior one situated below the 
others; a tubercle on hepatic margin; lateral margin also granulate; 
two large tubercles above posterior margin; a few other tubercles 
and tufts of hair scattered on carapace. Rostral teeth small, sepa- 
rated by a sinus; preorbital lobes smooth, rounded, prominent; 
two faint emarginations in upper margin of orbit. Basal article of 





Fic. 129.—TELEOPHRYS ORNATUS, FEMALE (23774), CARAPACE 5.6 MM. LONG, 
a. CARAPACE, DORSAL VIEW. b. AMBULATORY LEG. (AFTER RATHBUN.) 


antenna with an antero-external tooth and a tuberculiform tooth on 
outer margin. Inner distal margin of merus of maxilliped oblique. 

Chelipeds with the thin, upper margin of merus cut into laminate 
lobes, wrist ornamented with about five similar lobes; hand smooth, 
tapering distally, the gaping fingers of the young male each armed 
with three tubercles on the inner edge, the proximal one largest. 
Chelipeds of female very feeble, fingers gaping very little and only 
at base. Legs with a single margin, above and below, of irregular 
laminate lobes on merus, carpus and propodus; the inferior lobes 
of the propodus are a little above the margin on outer surface; no 
additional lobe on that surface; dactylus strongly curved, posteriorly 
denticulate. 

Measurements.—Kgg-bearing female, holotype, length of carapace 
5.6, width 4.7 mm. 


446 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Color (Miers).—In spirit, ight reddish brown above, white below; 
a longitudinal band of white along middle of carapace on dorsal 
surface. 

Range.—Yucatan Channel and West Indies; Fernando Noronha, 
Brazil. Depth, 4 to 24 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Yucatan Channel, off Cape Catoche, Mexico; 24 fathoms; wh. R. 
Co.; Jan. 30, 1885; station 2365, Albatross; 1 young female (16052). 

Mayaguez Harbor, Porto Rico; 4to6 fathoms; Co.; temp. 68° F.; 
Jan. 20, 1899; station 6065, Fish Hawk; 1 ovigerous female, holo- 
type (23774). 

St. Croix, West Indies; 1 female (Copenhagen Mus.). 

Additional record.—Fernando Noronha, Brazil; 7 to 20 fathoms; 
H. M.S. Challenger; 1 male (Brit. Mus.). 


Genus COELOCERUS A. Milne Edwards 


Coelocerus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 84; type, C. spin- 
osus A. Milne Edwards. 

Carapace swollen, spinose; rostrum in the form of a gutter open 
below, the lateral margins folding under, and the extremity bifid; 
orbit with a narrow buttonhole fissure above and below; preocular 
angles spiniform; postocular cup squarish, strongly produced later- 
ally. Basal antennal segment thick, outer-inferior margin bidentate, 
outer-superior margin, bordering the orbit, also bidentate; movable 
portion inserted below the involuted portion of the rostrum. Ocular 
peduncles stout. Merus of outer maxillipeds a little dilated at outer 
angle, deeply cut at inner angle for insertion of palp. Ambulatory 
legs short, first pair not much longer than second. 

Contains only one species. 


COELOCERUS SPINOSUS A. Milne Edwards 
Plate 263; plate 264, figs. 1 and 2 


Coelocerus spinosus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 85, 
pl. 18, figs. 2-2 b (type-locality, off Florida, 19 fathoms; holotype, young 
male, Cat. No. 1989, M.C.Z.). 

Coelocerus grandis RATHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 79, pl. 5 
(type-locality, Gulf of Mexico, 35 fathoms; holotype, adult female, 
Cat. No. 9694, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—Orbits prominent; rostrum ascending, involuted; 
median spines 6; lateral spines 5. 

Description.—Covered everywhere, except on fingers and greater 
part of ambulatory dactyls, with a short, close pile. Carapace 
behind the orbits oval-orbicular, much swollen, armed with a definite 
number of conical, subacute spines, between the spines closely 
punctate. Median spines 6, 2 gastric, 1 genital, 2 cardiac, 1 intes- 
tinal; a lateral gastric spine (paired) in advance of median spines. 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 447 


Lateral marginal spines 5, arranged in an arc, the first or hepatic 
spine the strongest; a dorsal hepatic spine (paired); 6 dorsal, 
branchial spines (paired), of which 4 form 2 rows of 2 each longi- 
tudinally placed, one row near the cardiac region, and the other 
2 spines, fifth and sixth, are larger and in transverse line with the 
third marginal spine; 1 spine above each post-lateral margin and in a 
transverse line with the median intestinal spine. The supraocular 
eave has a strong antero-lateral spine and a small post-lateral one 
which overlaps the postocular cup; this cup is very prominent, has 
a strong outward pointing spine and, at lateral angle of orbit, a 
shallow tooth. Between the orbits there is a deep longitudinal 
depression; rostrum ascending; tip with a broad, shallow bifurcation. 

Anterior tooth of basal antennal segment massive. Immediately 
behind the segment there is a spine 
pointing downward, another at the 
buccal angle; 2 very strong, blunt, 
pterygostomian spines. 

Chelipeds of female no longer than 
next leg; merus with 2 tubercles above 
near either end besides a short terminal 
spine; a few sharp tubercles on carpus; 
palms diminishing in width distally. 
Legs with a short terminal spine on the 
merus. 

First two segments of female abdomen 
each armed with a median spine, second 
segment also with two lateral lobes, 
third with a median lobe. oie 

The young have proportionally much 
longer spines. Fic. 130.—COELOCERUS sPINOSUS (9694), 

Measurements.—Adult female (9694), ee ee aaT 
length of carapace without rostrum 98, width without spines 87, with 
spines 95, length of cheliped about 104mm. Adult female (2107, M. 
C. Z.), length of carapace to extremity of rostrum 113.2, width 
without spines 82, with spines 88 mm. 

Range.—Gulf of Mexico; 13 to 35 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

East of Delta of Mississippi River; lat. 29° 24’ 30’’ N.; long. 
88° 01’ 00’ W.; 35 fathoms; yl. S. bk. Sp.; Mar. 4, 1885; station 
2388, Albatross; 1 adult female (9694). 

Highland section, Florida; lat. 27° 55’ 30’’ N.; long. 83° 11’ 30”’ W.; 
13 fathoms; Co. R.; temp. 15.2° C.; January 28, 1902; station 7253, 
Fish Hawk; 1 young female (47097). 





448 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


West Florida; 19 fathoms; William Stimpson; 1 young male, soft 
shell, holotype (1989, M. C. Z.). 
Florida; 1 large female (2107, M. C. Z.). 


Genus STENOCIONOPS (Leach MS.) Desmarest 

Stenocionops (Leach MS.) Desmarest, Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. 28, 1823, 
p. 266; Consid. Gén. Crust., 1825, p. 153; type, Maia taurus Lamarck, 
Latreille, 1818=Cancer furcatus Olivier, 1791.—Guférin, Encyc. Méth., 
Entom., vol. 10, 1825, p. 484. ; 

Pericera LATREILLE, Encyc. Méth., Entom., vol. 10, 1825, p. 699; type, 
Cancer fuscatus [slip for furcatus] Olivier; Cuvier’s Régne. Anim., ed. 2, 
vol. 4, 1829, p. 58 (subgenus).—RatuBon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 
1892, p. 243, and synonymy. 


Carapace subpyriform, rather convex, with dorsal surface uneven, 
tuberculated or spinous; lateral margins armed with a series of long 
spines; preocular spine well developed. Rostrum composed of two 
strong spines which are not deflexed and are divergent from base; 
orbits tubular, not strongly projecting; eyes small, retractile within 
orbits. Basal antennal joint considerably enlarged, armed with one 
or two small distal spines or tubercles not visible in a dorsal view. 
The merus of outer maxillipeds with distal margin truncate, antero- 
internal angle emarginate, antero-external angle rounded or subacute. 
Chelipeds in adult male well developed; palm elongate and sub- 
cylindrical or somewhat compressed, not dilated or enlarged; fingers 
either without any or with a moderate intermarginal hiatus at the 
base when closed. Ambulatory legs moderately elongated, with 
joints subcylindrical, without spines; dactyli nearly straight. Ab- 
domen in male distinctly seven-jointed. | 

Distributed on the east coast of America from Cape Hatteras, North | 
Carolina, to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; on the west coast from Lower 
California to Galapagos Islands. West Africa (Miers). 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS STENOCIONOPS 


Al, Hepatic region not enlarged nor produced beyond the general outline of the 
carapace; armed with not more than one large spine. 
B'. Rostral horns divergent throughout or at least for their basal half. 
C!. Marginal spines behind orbit more than three. 
D'!. Dorsum almost unarmed except for a median intestinal spine. 
furcata, p. 449. 
D?. Dorsum armed with spines. 
E!. Fewer than eight median spines_-_-_-_-__---- furcata coelata, p. 450. 
Rei shtiMaedia nr splines ss. 22 ae ame ene eee Se ovata, p. 459. 
C?. Marginal spines behind orbit three. 
D!. Carapace widest between tips of anterior branchial spines. 
spinimana, young, p. 457. 
D?. Carapace more triangular, usually widest between tips of posterior 
branchialispinesee. —2 aoa ae triangulata, p. 461. 
B?. Rostral horns curved, convex to each other, contiguous in the middle. 
contigua, p. 451. 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 449 


A’. Hepatic region enlarged and produced separately from the curve of the 
branchial region. 
B!. Median spines of carapace 12 or 13. Marginal hepatic spines 3. 
spinimana, adult, p. 457. 
B?. Median spines of carapace 9 or 10. Marginal hepatic spines 2. 
C!. Median spines 9; none on posterior margin. Rostro-orbital region 
occupying less than one-fourth of total length of carapace. 
macdonaldi, p. 460. 
C*. Median spines 10; one on posterior margin. Rostro-orbital region 
occupying more than one-fourth of total length of carapace. 
spinosissima, p. 455. 


ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT 


Atlantic Pacific 
furcata contigua 
spinimana macdonald 


STENOCIONOPS FURCATA (Olivier) 
DECORATOR CRAB; MACCA CRAB (JAMAICA FISHERMEN) 


Plates 160 and 161 


Horned Crab Hugues, Natural History of Barbados, 1750, p. 266, pl. 25, fig. 3. 

Cangrejo Cornudo Parra, Descripcion de diferentes piezas de Historia 
Natural, 1787, p. 135, pl. 50, figs. 2 and 3. 

Cancer furcatus Ouivier, Encyc. Méth., Hist. Nat., Insectes, vol. 6, 1791, p. 
174 (type-locality not given; type perhaps not extant). 

Cancer cornudo Hrergst, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 3, pt. 4, 1804, p. 6, 
pl. 59, fig. 6 (type in Berlin Mus., 1896). 

Pericera cornuta MitNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 335; 
Cuvier’s Régne Anim., disciples ed., atlas, pl. 30, fig. 1—A. Minune Ep- 
warps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1873, p. 51, and synonymy.*‘—Mrers, Journ. 
Linn. Soe. London, Zool., vol. 14, 1879, pp. 664 and 673, pl. 13, figs. 4 
and 5.—GuNpDLAcH and Torrausas, An. Acad. Habana, vol. 36, 1899 
(1900), p. 362, text-fig.; reprint, 1917, p. 19, pl. 4, fig. 10. 

Chorinus armatus RANDALL, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 8, 
1839, p. 108 (type-locality unknown; type in Mus. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.). 

Stenocionops furcata RatrHBuN, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 1, 1897, p. 6. 


Diagnosis.—Lateral marginal spines 4. Dorsum uneven, nearly 
smooth. One median spine, intestinal. Horns long, often curved. 

Description.—Body and feet covered with a close dark brown felt 
composed of elongate pointed vesicles; there are also patches of 
stiff, hooked hairs. Carapace oblong-ovate, not very uneven; a 
rounded prominence on gastric and on cardiac region; intestinal 
region with two median projections, the first very small; the other, 
large, suberect, and curved, overhangs the posterior border. Frontal] 
horns large, very divergent at base; distally often subparallel or 
even somewhat converging; on each side a superior orbital spine. 
The lateral margins bear, besides the very sharp external orbital 
angle, four very large, sharp spines, one hepatic and three branchial. 
Basal article of antenna armed near the antero-external angle with a 





54 “* Pericera cornuta”’ was not cited by Latreille. 


450 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


spine which does not reach beyond the orbital border and two short 
spines behind the next article. 

The chelipeds attain in the male a 
considerable size and are nodose; arm 
spined above; hand long, cylindrical, 
and granulate. Fingers about half 
as long as palm, gaping for their 
basal half; a tooth on dactylus near 
its base. 

Measurements.—Length of large 
male (Cat. No. 5843) from tip of 
rostrum to tip of posterior spine, 
146.5; width, including spines, 93; 
length of horn 47.2; length of 
cheliped, 215 mm. 

Variations.—Sometimes (Cat. No. 
25233) instead of dorsal tubercles 

i> there are a few (10 or 11) sharp 
Fi. 131.—STeNocronops FurcatA (43084), spines. In the young the horns are 
Sent ah straight and divergent, but less 
divergent than in the subspecies coelata; with age the horns grow 
proportionally longer and are separated by a smaller angle and their 
terminal halves may become parallel or even curve inward (5843) 
or downward (49902). 
Range-—From Georgia to Bahia, Brazil. Simon’s Bay, Cape 
Colony (Miers). Shallow water to 35 fathoms. 
Material examined.—See table, pages 452-453. 


STENOCIONOPS FURCATA COELATA (A. Milne Edwards) 
Plate 164 


Pericera coelata A. MILNE Epwarps, Bull. Soc. Philom., ser. 7, vol. 2, 1878, 
p. 224 (type-localities, 10 miles from the Idolos [error for ‘Jolbos’’] 
Islands and near Havana, 175 fathoms; typesin M. C. Z.). 

Pericera caelata A. MILtNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 200,, pl. 
15A, figs. 3-3c. 

Pericera cornuta (?) and Pericera, sp., KENDALL, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., 
vol. 9, 1889 (1891), p. 303. 

Pericera cornuta caclata RatHBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, 
p. 244. 

Stenocionops furcata coelata RaTHBUN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20 for 
1900, part 2 (1901), p. 73.—Hay and Ssore, Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol, 
35, 1915-16 (1918), p. 460, pl. 39, fig. 3. 


Diagnosis.—Lateral marginal spines four. From 20 to 25 dorsal 
spines and tubercles. Horns divergent, straight, or nearly so. 

Description.—Differs from the typical form of the species in its 
more uneven and spinose carapace, the spines and sharp tubercles of 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 451 


the dorsum (exclusive of the margin) numbering from 20 to 25. 
Specimens up to a’carapace length of 91 mm. have more divergent 
rostral horns than in typical furcata while the only specimens, two in 
number, above that size have horns less divergent and relatively 
shorter than in smaller specimens, and resembling except in length 
those of typical furcata. Small and half grown specimens are rela- 
tively wider across the orbits. 

Measurements.—Length of largest male (33462) from tip of horns 
to tip of posterior spine 137, length of horn 25.6, width of carapace 
including spines 110.7, length of cheliped about 315 mm. Length of 
male (9373) from tip of horns to tip of posterior spine 91, length of 
horn 25, width of carapace including spines 63.7, length of cheliped 
88 mm. 

Color.—Dark red (Hay). 

Range.—From Beaufort, North Carolina, to Gulf of Mexico and 
Caribbean Sea, to a depth of 278 fathoms; exceptionally below 50 
fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, pages 453-454. 


STENOCIONOPS CONTIGUA Rathbun 
Plates 162 and 163; plate 266, fig. 2 


Pericega contigua RaTHBUN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 247, 
pl. 32, fig. 2 (type-locality, Gulf of California, station 3005, Albatross; 
holotype, Cat. No. 16067, U. 8. N. M.). 

Stenocionops contigua RATHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 577. 

Diagnosis.—Rostral horns curved, contiguous. Basal segment of 
antenna armed with a long spine. Three lateral spines on carapace 
behind orbit. 

Description.—Shape of carapace and hairy coating similar to that 
of furcata; lateral spines behind the orbit three, one hepatic, two 
branchial. Protuberances of the dorsal surface partially concealed; 
they are arranged as follows: Three sharp tubercles in a triangle 
on the gastric region, the posterior one median and highest. On 
each branchial region two spines or a spine and a tubercle in an 
oblique line with the postero-lateral marginal spine, and a sharp 
tubercle close to the postero-lateral border of the cardiac region. 
Above the posterior margin a median spine, and in front of it and on 
either side a tubercle which may be sharp. The cardiac region may 
be either smoothly rounded or surmounted by a sharp spine, and 
there may be a spine, large in the old near the anterior border of the 
branchial region. Rostral horns curved, contiguous in the middle, 
separated at base by a button-hole slit, terminal halves or less 
moderately divergent. Only one spine on the basal antennal seg- 
ment, situated on the anterior border and so elongate as to be visible 
in a dorsal view. 


























452 




















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CRABS OF AMERICA 455 


Chelipeds of medium-sized male 
a little longer than the carapace and 
the next pair of legs. In large 
males the chelipeds are much more 
elongate. Merus armed with 5 or 
6 stout spines above. In small 
specimens the ambulatory legs 
diminish fairly regularly in length 
from the first to the last, but in 
the larger males the first leg is very 
much longer than the second. 

Measurements.—Largest male 
(M. C. Z.), length of carapace 72, 
width 60, length of cheliped about 
120 mm. Length of male (21937) 
to tip of horns 33.8, greatest width 
24.8, length of cheliped 37 mm. 

Range.—Gulf of California to 
Magdalena Bay, west coast of Low- 
er California, Mexico. Depth, 8 to 
21 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, 
page 455. 


STENOCIONOPS SPINOSISSIMA (Saussure) 


Plate 165, fig. 2; plate 264, figs. 3 and 
4; plate 265 


Pericera spinosissima Saussure, Rev. 
et Mag. Zool., ser. 2, vol. 9, 1857, 
p. 501; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, 
vol. 14, 1857, p. 426 [10], pl. 1, fig. 
2 (type-locality, Guadeloupe; holo- 
type in Geneva Mus.).—A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1873, 
p. 52. 

Stenocinops polyacantha Moreira, A 
Lavoura, Bol. Soc. Nac. de Agric. 
Brazil, anno 7, 1903, p. 66; reprinted 
as a separate, 1903, p. 11, 3 text 
figs.; Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de 
Janeiro, vol. 13, 1906, p. 20, pl. 4, 
fig. 2, pl. 5 (type-localities, SE. and 
E. SE. of Ilha Rasa, off the entrance 
of the bar of the bay of Rio de 
Janeiro, at 10 to 12 miles from the 
coast in 48, 60, 80, and 100 meters; 
type in Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro). 


456 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Dagnosts.—Rostro-orbital region in the adult occupying more than 
one-fourth of total length of carapace. Median spines of carapace 
10; marginal hepatic spines 2. 

Description.—Carapace covered with numerous spines in the old. 
The rostral horns are short, straight and divergent. Median spines 
10, of which 4 are gastric, one genital, 2 cardiac, 3 intestinal. A large 
spine on each protogastric region in line with anterior median spine. 
A row of 2 or 3 small spines on the frontal region behind each horn. 
Hepatic region protruding, armed with 2 large anterior marginal 
spines, and 2 or 3 small dorsal spines. Of the lateral branchial 
spines it may be said that they are 3, with a row of 3 spines below 
them, the posterior 2 of which are as large as.the marginal spines. 
A row of 4 branchial spines above the marginal spines, and above 
the middle 2 of these are 2 more spines; a row of small spines 
parallels the curve of the cardiac region; behind this a single spine; 
while a row of 5 or more spines lies above each postero-lateral margin, 

The preorbital spine is much shorter than in cornuta. The spine 
near the antero-lateral angle of the basal article of the antenna points 
forward and is of similar size to the postorbital spine; on the same 
article there is a strong spine pointing obliquely downward at the 
insertion of the next article. A spine also near the angle of the 
buccal cavity; midway between and in line with this spine and the 
spine near the orbit there is a tubercle (or sometimes a spine). 

Merus of chelipeds with a row of 5 spines above and 3 equidistant 
rows of tubercles; carpus with a few tubercles above. Merus of first 
ambulatory leg with a row of tubercles on its upper inner side. 

The above description was made from a large female from Dominica 
which is much larger than Saussure’s type and has a few more spines; 
it is about the size of Moreira’s polyacantha, figured, which has still 
more spines, but some of the additional spines are represented in the 
Dominican specimen by spinules. 














Measurements.— 
ae Moreira’s 
apr Dominica type of 
| nosissima (32712) poly- 
acantha 

| | 

| Female Female Male 
Length of carapace; including horns-=2-~-+.2s--}------==+-.2+--2==- | 61 94 
Width oficarapace, including;spines= === 2) == see | 48 Tor on 75 
Width of carapace, excluding spines__._-.-------------------------- | 41 65: 5: e222 sees 
Thengthiofirostral horns. 2: == Se- ees 10 14 about 8. 





Oolor.—When the hairs are removed, a flesh-colored rose, fingers 
violet or brown (Saussure). 

Range.—Southern Florida; Haiti, West Indies, to Rio de Janeiro, 
Brazil. 26 to 60 fathoms. 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 457 


Material examined.— 

Off Sombrero, Florida; 54 fathoms; April 2, 1872, 5th cast; Bache, 
Stimpson; 1 small female (1914, M. C. Z.); identified by A. Milne 
Edwards. 

Charlotte Harbor, Florida; 50 fathoms; April 1, 1872; Bache, 
Stimpson; 1 small female (1915, M. C. Z.); identified by A. Milne 
Edwards. 

Grand Anse, Haiti; P. R. Uhler; 1 ovigerous female (1916, M. C. Z.). 

Guadeloupe; 1 male, holotype of P. spinosissima (Geneva Mus.). 

Soufriere Bay, Dominica; 60 fathoms; A. H. Verrill; 1 female 
(32712). 

STENOCIONOPS SPINIMANA (Rathbun) 
Plate 267 

Pericera, sp. SM1TH, Rept. U. 8. Commr. of Fisheries for 1885 (1887), p. 627. 

Libinia spinimana RatuBun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 240, pl. 
30, adult (type-locality, off Cape Lookout, N. C., 124 fathoms; holotype, 
Cat. No. 14029, U. S. N. M.). 

Pericera atlantica Ratusun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 247, 
young (type-locality, off Key West, 45 fathoms; type, Cat. No. 15142, 
U.S.N.M.). 

Stenocionops spinosissima RATHBUN (not Saussure), Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. 
State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 256.——Hay and Suore, Bull. Bur. 
Fisheries, vol. 36, 1915-1916 (1918), p. 460, pl. 39, fig. 2. 

Diagnosis.—Rostro-orbital region in the adult occupying less than 
one-fourth of total length of carapace. Median spines of carapace 
12 or 13. Marginal hepatic spines 3. 

Description of adult—Nearly related to S. spinosissima but differs 
as follows: Carapace more rotund and more spinous, spines shorter; 
12 or 13 median spines, 5 gastric, 2 genital, 2 cardiac, 3 intestinal; 
other dorsal spines numerous; anterior marginal hepatic spines 3; 
the most anterior of these is small and in the very old (the largest 
specimen examined) may disappear. MRostral horns tapering regu- 
larly to a very slender tip instead of stout throughout; a little more 
divergent than in spinosissima. Basal antennal article more twisted, 
its antero-external angle more advanced and more elevated; the 2 
outer spines subequal. 

Chelipeds much rougher than in spinosissima; merus and carpus 
armed with numerous spines; manus rough throughout its length, the 
short spines (2 rows above, 1 below) of the proximal end becoming 
spinules or sharp granules distally. 

Ambulatory legs sparingly spined, merus joints with a terminal 
spine above; that of first leg with a longitudinal inner-upper row of 
5 or 6 and a ring of about 4 near distal end; that of second leg with 
a ring of 3 or 4 spines; of third and fourth legs with only 1 or 2 
spines besides the terminal one. Three or four small spines on 
carpus of first leg, 3 spinules or tubercles on carpus of second leg, 
and only one on carpus of third and fourth legs. 


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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 459 


Old.—The old have a longer and thicker pile, especially on the 
chelipeds, which attain a length more than twice as great as the 
carapace, and are very stout, palm compressed. 

Half grown.—Comparing a half-grown male (16053) with Saus- 
sure’s figure of a little larger specimen of spinosissima, spinimana is 
seen to have the greater number of spines, while both have fewer 
spines than the full grown of the same species. Median spines of 
spimimana 11, 1 more (gastric) than in spinosissima. Large anterior 
hepatic spines only 2 (as in spinosissima) but with a small spine or 
spinule where the innermost large spine occurs in the old. 

Y oung.—Besides the eight specimens above described, all those in 
the National Museum are very small and immature and present a 
very different appearance, as at least half of the spines which are 
evident later are undeveloped. The hepatic region is not enlarged 
nor produced (in this respect resembling typical Stenocionops) and 
bears only one large marginal spine and a very small one in front 
of it. There are only 2 large spines on the branchial margin, as in 
S. contigua; one small spine on the postero-lateral margin; 2 or 3 
spines high up on the branchial region. Surface of basal antennal 
article mostly concave. 





Measurements.— 
Large 3 

Largest | holo- ’| Half voung ? , 

3, Sta. | type of a 3 trseat 

20037 spini- 16053) : 

aca atlantica 
Length of carapace, including horns______________________.____- 130 89 53 17.6 
Width of carapace, including spines_-__../.._../.....-_-.---..- 118. 2 76 42 12.6 
Width of carapace, excluding spines_______.___________________- 110.4 69 35. 6 10. 4 
TREC U HIRO TONLE LC HORTIS 2225 so anemia 10.5 10. 2 9.5 3.2 


Range.—From off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Florida 
Straits and Gulf of Mexico. Depth, 20 to 124 fathoms. 
Material examined.—See table, page 458. 


STENOCIONOPS OVATA (Bell 
Plate 264, figs. 5-7 


Pericera ovata Bru, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 173; 
Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 60, pl. 12, figs. 5, 50, 5p, 5q 
(type-locality, Galapagos Islands, 6 fathoms; type not extant). 

Stenocionops ovata RATHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, p. 574. 

Diagnosis.—Median spines of carapace 8. Lateral marginal spines 
4 or 5. Size small. Horns divergent. 

Description.—Female: Carapace elongate-oval, sparingly covered 
with short close hair; four small spines on median line of gastric 
region, three spines on cardiac and genital regions, the middle one 
being the largest, one spine on the intestinal, a very small one on 


460 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


each hepatic, three on the branchial region, and four or five on each 
lateral margin. The eyes extend beyond the margin of the orbits. 
Rostrum formed of very divergent horns; at their base a median 
depression. 

Outer spine of basal article of antenna short and triangular; a very 
small tooth below insertion of second article. (After Bell.) 

Color.—A rich, rather light, reddish brown (Bell). 

Measurements.—Female, holotype, length 1 inch (25.4 mm.) ; breadth 
6 lines (about 15.2 mm.) (Bell). 

Range.—Known only from the Galapagos Islands; 6 fathoms. 


STENOCIONOPS MACDONALDI (Rathbun) 
Plate 268 


Libinia macdonaldi RatuBun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 238, 
pl. 29 (type-locality, Gulf of California, 71 fathoms; holotype male, Cat. 
No. 16071, U. S. Nat. Mus.). 


Diagnosis.—Median spines of carapace 9; none on posterior margin, 
Two large marginal hepatic spines. Rostrum about one-twelfth 
length of carapace. 

Description of adult——Shape much as in S. spinimana, the hepatic 
region separately prominent, the after part of the carapace sub- 
spherical. Hairy covering a very thick and dense pile. Spines con- 
ical, blunt or subacute. Median spines 9: 4 gastric, 1 genital, 2 car- 
diac, 2 intestinal, none on posterior margin. Of the lateral spines, 2 
are hepatic (exceptionally an additional spinule), the anterior the 
smaller; 3 antero-lateral branchial spines, of which the middle one 
is the largest; and 2 above postero-lateral margin, the last one of 
which is the smaller and may be absent. From the first of these a 
row of 6 low spines extends to the middle of the hepatic region. 
Another small hepatic spine nearer the margins, sometimes absent. 
Two large branchial spines, the hinder one in transverse line with 
the anterior cardiac spine and with the spine at the postero-lateral 
angle; a smaller, epibranchial spine; one or two small branchial 
spines (in one case absent on one side) opposite the interval between 
the 2 cardiac spines; a spine either side of the anterior gastric spine; 
1 or 2 pairs of small spines between the orbits. A small subbranchial 
spine invisible from above and a few pterygostomian spines. Rostral 
horns short, triangular, outer margins slightly converging. Orbits 
less open and with shorter spines than in spintmana. Basal antennal 
article with two anterior spines; a spine near outer angle of buccal 
cavity. 

Four spines and a few tubercles on upper margin of merus of 
cheliped; at subequal distances three other rows of tubercles. 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 461 


Measurements.—Largest male (16070), length of carapace from 
tip of rostrum to posterior median spine tip 93, width including 
spines 83.3, width excluding spines 77.7, length of rostrum 7. 8 mm. 

Range.—Gulf of California and Bay of Panama. Depth, 33 to 
145 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 462. 


STENOCIONOPS TRIANGULATA (Rathbun) 
Plate 165, fig. 1; plate 266, fig. 1 


Pericera triangulata RaTHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 246, 
pl. 32, fig. 1 (type-locality, Gulf of California, 29 fathoms; female holo- 
type, Cat. No. 16066, U. 8S. N. M.). 

Stenocionops triangulata RatuBun. Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 
577. 


Diagnosis.—Median spines 9; none on posterior margin. One 
hepatic spine. Rostrum about one-sixth length of carapace. 

Description of largest speciomen.—Known only from small and imma- 
ture specimens. Carapace triangular-ovate, broader behind in the 
largest specimen, male, than in the female figured. Median spines 
9, distributed as in macdonald, none on the posterior margin; spines 
unequal, the largest are the anterior cardiac, the two posterior, and 
the penultimate gastric. Lateral marginal spines 3, large, 1 hepatic 
(hepatic region not enlarged), 2 branchial, of which the spine at the 
postero-lateral angle is the largest and points obliquely backward. 
From it a curved line of 6 tubercles and spinules stretches to the 
hepatic region. Two large spines on the elevated portion of the 
branchial region; a low spine in front of each; a spine on either side 
of the anterior median spine. 

Rostral horns widely divergent, at nearly a right angle, regularly 
tapering to slender tips. Orbital spines narrow. Basal antennal 
article 2-spined on anterior margin. 

Measurements.—Immature male, largest specimen (21940), length 
of carapace from tip of rostral horn to tip of posterior median spine 
30, width of carapace including spines 22.5, excluding spines 18.6, 
length of rostral horn 5.3 mm. 

Range.—West coast of Lower California; Gulf of California; Bay 
of Panama. Depth, 131% to 511% fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 462. 

Remarks.—The surprising changes in form and ornamentation 
between the young and the adult of S. spinimana—that is, the gradual 
development from the typical Stenocionops form of the young into 
the rotund Libinia-like form of the adult, with hepatic regions sep- 
arately distended and produced, the narrowing of the orbital region, 
the shortening of the rostral horns, and the multiplication of spines— 


5487—251——31 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 463 


suggests that a similar transformation may occur between young 
S. triangulata and adult S. macdonaldi; but until this is proved by 
intermediate, half-grown individuals, it is best not to assume that 
the rostrum and orbits can so change with age as shown by com- 
parison of plate 266, figure 1, and plate 268. 


Genus MACROCOELOMA Miers 


Pericera (part) M1tnE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 334. 
Macrocoeloma Mirrs, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, 1879, p. 665; type, 
M. trispinosum (Latreille). 


Carapace subpyriform or suboblong, but broadened anteriorly by 
projecting orbits; dorsal surface unarmed, or tuberculated, or with a 
few long spines; margins without a series of elongated lateral spines, 
but often with a strongly developed lateral epibranchial spine, pre- 
ceded by some smaller spines. Spines of rostrum well developed. 
Eyes retractile within roomy, projecting, tubular orbits. The anten- 
nz have the basal joint considerably enlarged and armed distally 
with one or two spines; the mobile portion is sometimes concealed by 
the rostrum, sometimes exposed. Merus of external maxillipeds 
broader than ischium and notched at internal angle for insertion of 
palp. ‘ 

The chelipeds in the male have the palms enlarged and the fingers 
either arched and meeting only at tip or in contact throughout. 
Ambulatory legs rather short. 

Occurs from Cape Fear, North Carolina, to Bahia, Brazil, and 
from Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico, to Ecuador; also 
sparingly in the Indo-Pacific region. Low tide to 163 fathoms. 


KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS MACROCOELOMA ° 


A!. Carapace with fewer than 7 spines on its posterior half, or if with 7 spines, 
some of them are small. 
B!. Basal antennal segment armed with only one spine or sharp tubercle. 
C!. Rostral horns separated by an interspace which is narrow or pointed at 
e base. 
D'. Postero-lateral projections narrow, spinelike__._ trispinosum, p. 466. 
D?*. Postero-lateral projections broad, bladelike. 
E'. Postero-lateral projections very broad, their margins continuous 
with marginal lines of carapace___ trispinosum nodipes, p. 468. 
E?. Postero-lateral projections less broad, their margins making an 
angle with marginal lines of carapace_ trispinosum, variety, p. 468. 
C*. Rostral horns separated by an interspace which is broad and rounded at 
base. 
D!. Carapace deeply sculptured or areolated between the two postero- 
lateral spines. Rostral spines short and stout. 
E'. Postero-lateral spines directed obliquely backward. 
subparallelum, p. 480. 





5° Arctopsis tesselata White (nomen nudum), List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 5, from the West Indies, 
may be a Macrocoeloma. Type not in British Museum. 


464 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


E*. Postero-lateral spines directed obliquely forward_ villosum, p. 482. 
D?. Carapace not unusually sculptured between the epibranchial spines. 


Rostral horns longer and slenderer____-__- diplacanthum, p. 478. 

B?. Basal antennal segment armed with 2 or more spines. Orbits elongate- 
tubular. 

C!. Rostral spines separated by a U-shaped sinus________ eutheca, p. 484. 


C*. Rostral spines separated by a V-shaped sinus. Basal antennal segment 
armed with 2 spines forming an oblique line, the outer spine more or 
less distant from the orbital margin. 

D'. Rostral horns narrow, tapering regularly from base to tip. A long 
spine followed by a short spine near distal margin of basal antennal 
SEPM ETIG CS e eis is Ba LA ea ee eee Dee he laevigatum, p. 483. 
D?. Rostral horns broad at base, with abruptly narrowed tip. Two long 
spines near*distal margin of basal antennal segment. 
E!. A spine present on the urogastric or anterior cardiac region. Width 
of carapace across orbital regions much less than across branchial 
PERT OTIS Swe Ste eee eek Sie cee ts DS Ae Be a Rae a concavum, p. 487. 
K?. No spine on the urogastric or anterior cardiac region. Width of 
carapace across orbital regions subequal to width across branchial 
féegions#. LeDTAl oe. wu etaninaog.: SOE intermedium, p. 486. 
A?. Carapace with 7 strong spines on its posterior half. 
B!. Basal antennal segment armed with only one spine. 
C!. Rostrum nearly horizontal, horns long. Basal antennal spine hori- 


zontal and wholly visible from above___---_--- camptocerum, p. 469. 
C2. Rostrum strongly deflexed, horns short. Basal antennal spine directed 
downward, scarcely visible from above_-_-_-_---- heptacanthum, p. 473. 


B2. Basal antennal segment armed with two spines in a transverse line. 
septemspinosum, p. 477. 
Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: septem- 
spinosum (Atlantic), heptacanthum (Pacific); subparallelum (Atlantic), 
villosum (Pacific). 


THE TRISPINOSUM-DICANTHUM GROUP 


Consists of the so-called species trispinosum and dicanthum. This 
group of forms is represented in the Museum by so large a number 
of specimens that we are enabled to separate them into three series, 
one series being intermediate between the others in at least two, of 
its characters. In one series (1) (see trispinosum, below), the postero- 
lateral prominences are narrow, regularly tapering spines, projecting 
beyond the general outline of the carapace and directed more or less 
backward, sometimes strongly curved from base to tip (concave 
above). The carapace is considerably constricted behind the 
orbits. In the next series (2) (see trispinosum, variety, below), 
the postero-lateral prominences are wider than in series 1, less spine- 
like and more laminate, their hind margins nearly transverse; while 
the carapace is less narrowed behind the orbits. In the third series 
(3) (see trispinosum nodipes, below) , the postero-lateral prominences 
are very broad and obtuse, broader than in series 2, their margins 
almost continuing the direction of the marginal lines of the carapace. 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 465 


The carapace is very little, sometimes not at all, constricted behind 
the orbits. 

The posterior median spine varies in the three series in a Manner 
similar to that seen in the lateral spines. 

In series 1, the four large tubercles or bosses about the middle 
of the carapace (one gastric, one cardiac, two branchial) are very 
prominent, and some or all of them have an acute tip, that on the 
. gastric boss occasionally resembling a short spine; in series 2, the 
bosses run lower and there is a tendency to form a sharp tubercle 
or granule at the summit of the gastric boss; in series 3, the bosses 
are still lower and are smoothly rounded and blunt. 

Within each series there is great diversity in the length, direction 
and curvature of the rostral horns. The length varies from one- 
fifth to over one-third of the length of the remainder of the carapace. 
The horns may be straight, with their outer margins subparallel 
(19584, 21930), or converging distally (46915) and the interspace 
insignificant in the basal half. They may curve strongly outward 
or upward or both (17959, 50956) toward the tips, and be either 
almost contiguous at base (43028) or have a narrowly U-shaped 
interspace (9279, 9280, 15137). This interspace may be regularly 
V-shaped or nearly so (14004, 46925). 

The orbits in series 1 are very prominent, owing to the constriction 
of the carapace behind them, the upper edge is deeply emarginate, 
the preocular and postocular teeth strongly marked, the former 
directed forward and curved. In series 2, the superior emargination 
of the orbit is less deep, the teeth less strongly marked, although 
the preocular tooth is directed forward and a little curved. In 
series 3, the orbit has a very slight emargination in the upper border, 
the preocular tooth is acute but not prominent, the postocular angle 
is blunt or subacute but not dentiform in the old; both preocular 
and postocular teeth incline to greater prominence in the young. 

Nomenclature.—The earliest record of this species was made in 
1756 by Browne, who called it ‘‘Cancer 9. The Grass-Crab.”’ 
There is nothing in his brief diagnosis to indicate which of the three 
forms described above he had in hand; his figure, however, has 
very slender postero-lateral spines, as in series 1. Latreille (1825) 
was the first to give a specific name to the species, Pisa trispinosa; 
his description also applies to series 1, ‘‘trois élévations en forme de 
petites bosses, terminées en pointe, le long du milieu du dos; * * * 
angles postérieurs prolongés en une €pine tré-forte.”’ The locality 
‘Nouvelle Hollande?”’ is an error, which was corrected later (1834) 
by Milne Edwards. In the mean time another record of the same 
form, typical Pisa trispinosa, was made by Guérin in his ‘‘Icono- 
graphie,’’ where the slender postero-lateral spines are again shown. 
Unfortunately A. Milne Edwards gave another specific name, 


466 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


dicantha or diacantha, to this same form, while the trispinosa figured 
by him is of the series 2, described above, which I now call trispinosum, 
variety. The form above called series 3 was not named until 1867 
when Desbonne’s description and figure were published under the 
name, Pericera nodipes. It must now be known as Macrocoeloma 
trispinosum nodipes. 


MACROCOELOMA TRISPINOSUM (Latreille) 


GRASS CRAB (Browne). SPONGE CRAB (Jarvis) DECORATOR CRAB 
(Wilson) 


Plate 166, fig. 1; plate 167 


Cancer 9, Browne, Nat. Hist. Jamaica, 1756, p. 422, pl. 48 (not 46), fig. 2. 

Pisa trispinosa LATREILLE, Encyc. Méth., Hist. Nat., vol. 10, 1825, p. 142 
(type-locality, Nouvelle Hollande? [an error]). 

Pericera trispinosa Gufrin, Icon. Régne Anim., Crust., pl. 8, figs. 3, 3a.— 
Mine Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 336 (Antilles) — 
AvRIVILLIUS, K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Hand., vol. 23, pt. 1, 1889, p. 55, pl. 2, 
fig. 2. Not Gundlach and Torralbas, An. Acad. Habana, vol. 36, 1899 
(1900), p. 365, text-fig.; reprint, 1917, p. 21, pl. 5, fig. 12. 

Pericera dicantha A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 57 (type- 
locality, Mujeres [not Majores], 12 fathoms; type, Cat. No. 1919, M.C. Z.). 

Pericera diacantha A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, pl. 15, figs. 
3-3 ¢. 

Macrocoeloma trispinosa Mirrs, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, 1879, p. 
665. 

Macrocoeloma diacantha Mirrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 79. 

Macrocoeloma trispinosum RATHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, 

. 576. 

Weteosctiooe: diacanthum RaTHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 
576; Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 20, pt. 2 (1901), p. 74 (part). 

Diagnosis.—Rostral horns adjacent and subparallel at base. 
Postero-lateral projections sharp spines. Four dorsal bosses each 
with a sharp tubercle at tip. 

Description—Body and appendages covered with very short, 
brown hairs which form a sort of velvet. Carapace thick and very 
swollen, wide at line of orbits, narrowing distinctly in hepatic portion, 
widening again posteriorly. Four large rounded prominences, the 
anterior or gastric one the highest, forming together a cross in the 
center of the carapace and each bearing a more or less sharp tubercle 
at the summit. Front formed of two flattened, sharp horns, which 
are adjacent and subparallel at base, and distally divergent. Upper 
margin of orbit deeply emarginate, the ocular and postocular teeth 
prominent, the former curved forward. Near the inner angle of the 
basal article of the antenna there is a rather long, oblique spine 
entirely visible from above; flagellum slender, on either side of the 
rostrum but not reaching the end of the horns. At the postero-lateral 
angles of the carapace there is a stout, regularly tapering, sharp spine 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 467 


which is directed obliquely backward and outward and sometimes 
curved upward. A short, obliquely erect spine stands on the median 
line above the posterior margin. 

Chelipeds of male narrow, about as long as carapace. Arm nodose, 
palm with subparallel sides, dactylus about half as long as upper 
margin of palm. Legs rather slender, slightly nodose. 

Measurements —Male (17959), extreme length of carapace 34, 
length from rostral sinus to posterior margin 24, extreme’width 28.7, 
width at base of spines 19.4 mm. 

Color.—Enveloping hairs yellowish (Milne Edwards) or reddish- 
brown) (Latreille). 

Habits —Usually concealed by a covering of sponge which adheres 
to the hairs on carapace and legs. This 
serves as a protection to the crab, as fish 
avoid sponges in any form. 

Range—North Carolina to Yucatan; 

West Indies; off Cape St. Roque, Brazil. 
Shallow water to 45 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Beaufort, North Carolina; 10 to 30 feet; 
station 7943, Fish Hawk; 1 young (51062). 

Off Beaufort, North Carolina; station 
7951, Fish Hawk; 1 young (51005). 

Off Cape Sable, Florida; lat. 25° 03’ 50’ * 
N.; long. 81° 20’ 30’’ W.; 34 fathoms; gy. s 
S. Sh.; December 18, 1902; station 7364, Tea dana eae 
Fish Hawk; 1 ovigerous female (54459). 

Off Mujeres Island, Yucatan; 12 fathoms; coarse coral sand; 
William Stimpson; 1 female, type of Pericera dicantha (1919, M. C. Z.). 

Off Contoy Island, Yucatan; 12-18 fathoms; weedy rocks; 
William Stimpson; 2 immature females, identified by A. Milne Kd- 
wards as P. dicantha (1920, M. C. Z.). 

Cuba; 1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Expedition: 
Dimas Bay; May 17; 1 male (48723). Esperanza; May 11; 1 male, 
1 female (48652). 

Bogue Islands, Montego Bay, Jamaica; 1910: On mangrove roots; 
June 23; C. B. Wilson; 1 male (43026). On mangrove roots; July 
2; E. A. Andrews; 2 males, encrusted with sponges (43027). July 6; 
EK. A. Andrews; 1 young (43025); 2 females, ovigerous and en- 
crusted with sponges (43028). On mangrove roots; July 21; E. A. 
Andrews (43016). 

Kingston Harbor, Jamaica: 1893; R. P. Bigelow; 1 female, cov- 
ered with polyps (17958); 1 male (17959). May—July, 1896; F. S. 
Conant; 2 males, 1 female (19584). 


468 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Porto Rico; off Boca Prieta; Fanduco Cay, E. 134 m.; 81% fathoms; 
Co. S.; January 25, 1899; station 6075, Fish Hawk; 1 female (24092). 

St. Thomas; 1915; C. R. Shoemaker: From piles; 2 males, 2 fe- 
males (1 ovigerous) (50954). From piles near town; July 7; 1 fe- 
male, thin shell (50955). Gregerie Channel, between Water Island 
and St. Thomas; 144-234 fathoms; July 7; station 7; 2 females (1 
ovigerous) (50956). 

English Harbor, Antigua; shore; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Exped. 
Univ. Iowa; 1 ovigerous female, overgrown with sponge (Mus. S. U.L.). 

Port Castries, St. Lucia; November 30, 1887; Albatross; 1 male 
(21930). 

Curacao: 1884; Albatross; 1 male, 2 females (1 ovigerous), 2 young 
(16181). Rifwater. in shallow water, among algae; May 26, 1905; 
J. Boeke; 1 male (Leiden Mus.). Spanish Water; from mangrove 
roots; April 8, 1920; C. J. van der Horst; 1 young (56863). 

Brazil; off Cape St. Roque; lat. 6° 59’ 30’’ S.; long. 34° 47’ 00” 
W.; 20 fathoms; brk. Sh.; December 16, 1887; station 2758, 
Albatross; 1 female (21931). 


MACROCOELOMA TRISPINOSUM, variety 
Plate 168, fig. 1 


Pericera trispinosa VON Martens, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 38, pt. 1, 1872, p. 84, 
pl. 4, figs. 4 a and 4 c, not 4 b, and 4d.—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. 
Mex., 1873, p. 52, pl. 15, figs. 2-2d.—Ivus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- 
delphia, 1891, p. 178. 

Description.—This form links the subspecies nodipes to the typical 
trispinosum. The carapace is a little narrowed behind the orbits. 
The postero-lateral prominences are wider than in typical trispinosum 
and approach the laminate character of nodipes. The four central 
bosses are intermediate in character, as is also the orbital margin. 

Color.—Vermilion (Bartsch); bright scarlet (Ives). 

Range.—From North Carolina to Gulf of Mexico and Yucatan 
(Ives); West Indies and Caribbean Sea. Low water to 28 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, pages 470-471. 


MACROCOELOMA TRISPINOSUM NODIPES (Desbonne) 


Plate 166, fig. 2; plate 168, fig. 2 
Pericera nodipes DESBONNE, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. de la Guade- 
loupe, 1867, p. 15, pl. 5, fig. 13 (type-locality, Guadeloupe; type perhaps 
not extant). 


Macrocoeloma trispinosum VERRILL, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts and Sci., 
vol. 13, 1908, p. 414, text-fig. 44. 


Diagnosis.—Postero-lateral projections very broad laminae, mar- 
gins continuous with those of carapace. Four dorsal bosses smoothly 
rounded. 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 469 


Description.—Differs as follows from typical trispinosum: The 
shape of the carapace is different because the carapace is very little, 
if at all, constricted behind the orbits; the projections at the postero- 
lateral angles are scarcely spines, but broad, obtuse, laminate lobes 
whose margins are almost continuous with those of the carapace 
proper; the posterior median spine is short and blunt. The emargi- 
nation in the upper border of the orbit is slight, the preocular tooth 
acute, not prominent, the postocular tooth blunt or subacute. The 
four bosses in the middle of the carapace are smoothly rounded. 

Measurements.—Male (15137), extreme length of carapace 52, ex- 
treme width of same 49.4 mm. 

Color.—Yellowish (Desbonne). When cleaned, reddish brown 
(Verrill). 

Range.—North Carolina; Florida Keys; Gulf of Mexico; West 
Indies; Fernando Noronha Island, Brazil; Bermudas. Shore to 26 
fathoms. 

Material examined.See table, pages 471-472. 


MACROCOELOMA CAMPTOCERUM (Stimpson) 
Plate 174, fig. 4; plate 270, fig. 2 


Pericera camptocera Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 112 
(type-locality, near Key West in from 2 to 5 fathoms; type not extant).— 
A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1873, p. 57. 

Macrocoeloma camptocera Mtnrs, Challenger Rept., Zodl., vol. 17, 1886, pp. 
79 and 80.—RatuBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 249, pl. 33, 
fig. 2. 

Reece camptocerum RatuBun, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. 
Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 257. 

Diagnosis.—Rostral horns divergent from base. Postero-lateral 
spines slender. Four dorsal spines present. 

Description.—Surface covered with a short, close pubescence, and 
in addition, longer curved hairs are present on the front, gastric 
region, and lateral portions of branchial regions. Postero-lateral 
spines subconical, regularly tapering, acute, and directed slightly 
backward. Posterior median spine shorter, acute, obliquely erect. 
Four slender, erect, dorsal spines forming a cross, one gastric, one 
cardiac, two branchial. Rostral horns rather regularly divergent 
from their base, acute. The antennae may overreach the horns; the 
antennal spines, right and left, are very divergent from each other. 
The orbital tubes are laterally very protuberant as are also the little 
anterior and posterior spines, the former curving forward a little. 

Chelipeds of male strong, longer than carapace; the arms have a 
few short spinules above, the wrists are a little nodulous and have a 
tubercle at the inner angle; the palm is widest near the articula- 
tions, the fingers are tipped with black or dark brown. Legs slender, 
nearly smooth. 

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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 473 


Measurements.—Male (46912), total length of carapace (to tips 
of spines) 40, length from sinus between rostral horns to margin of 
carapace 29.5, total width 36, width measured from anterior base of 
postero-lateral spines 22.5 mm. 

Varzations.—The rostral horns may be straight or slightly curved 
(convex to each other); in length they range from one-sixth (15139) 
to one-third (male, 46899) or more of the total length of the carapace. 
The interspace varies from rather a narrow V (male, 46899) to almost 
a right angle (46912). The postero-lateral spines may be straight 
or curved (concave) upward (46901, 46884); and nearly transverse 
(46912) or occasionally directed strongly backward (46887). 

Range.—North Carolina; south and west Florida. 2 to 121% 
fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, pages 474-476. 


MACROCOELOMA HEPTACANTHUM (Bell) 


Plate 173, fig. 1; plate 269, figs. 8-11 


Pericera heptacantha Bru, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), 
p. 173 (type-locality, Puerto Portrero; type not extant); Trans. Zool. 
Soe. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 61, pl. 12, figs. 6 (colored), 6r—6u (Puerto 
Portrero, Central America, on sand, 13 fathoms). 

Macrocoeloma heptacantha Mixers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, 
pp. 79 and 81.—Ratusoun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 576. 

Diagnosis.—Seven large spines on ‘posterior half of carapace. 
Front strongly deflexed; horns short. Basal antennal spine not 
visible in dorsal view. 

Description.—Carapace suboblong, being proportionally wider just 
behind the orbits and narrower across the postero-lateral angles than 
in M. camptocerum. The seven spines of the hinder half are not very 
unequal, and five of them form a nearly transverse line across the 
carapace; they are the two pairs of branchial spines and the cardiac 
spine. Of the three median spines the gastric and the cardiac are 
erect, the intestinal spine is curved and directed upward and a little 
backward. The inner branchial spine points upward, outward and 
backward; the postero-lateral spine points slightly backward in a 
horizontal plane. 

From the gastric spine the anterior half of the carapace including 
the rostrum slopes steeply downward; horns short, acute and widely 
divergent. This is the case in the specimens examined. In Bell’s 
figure of the adult the horns although widely separated are less oblique, 
the interspace being more U-shaped. The orbits are turned outward 
and a little forward; the upper and lower margins are deeply incised, 
the anterior and posterior teeth are acute. In Bell’s figure 
there is a good-sized marginal, hepatic spine; he does not mention 





56 Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836 ,pl. 12, fig. 6. 











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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 477 


(43mm.) (Bell). Young female (21933), total length 10.6, total width 
of carapace 10.6 mm. 

Range.—From Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico, to 
Panama Bay. 13 to 31 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Off Cape St. Lucas; lat. 22° 52’ 00’’ N.; long. 109° 55’ 00’’ W.; 
31 fathoms; rky.; temp. 74.1° F.; 
May 1,1888;station 2829, Albatross; 
1 young female (21933). 

Panama Bay; lat. 8° 10’ 30’’ N.; 
long. 78° 50’ 30’ W.; 18 fathoms; 
gy. S.brk. Sh.; Mar. 5, 1888; station 
2798, Albatross; 1 young female 
(21932). 


MACROCOELOMA SEPTEMSPINOSUM 
(Stimpson) 


Plate 173, figs. 2 and 3 





Fig. 133— MACROCOELOMA HEPTACANTHUM, 


Pericera septemspinosa STIMPSON, MAXILLIPED (AFTER BELL) 


Bull. Mus. Comp. ZoGl1., vol. 2, 1871, 
p. 113 (type-locality, west of Tortugas, 36 fathoms; type not extant).— 
A. MitnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1873, pp. 59 and 200, pl. 15 A, 
figs. 2-2c.—Perhaps Pericera septemspinosa GuNDLACH and TORRALBAS, 
An. Acad. Habana, vol. 36, 1899 (1900), p. 366, text-fig.; reprint, 1917, 
p. 21, pl. [5], fig. 13. 
Macrocoeloma septemspinosa Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, 
pp. 79 and 80. 
Diagnosis.—Seven sharp spines on posterior half of carapace. A 
prominent subhepatic spine. Preocular spine 
erect. Rostral horns divergent. 
Description.—Carapace oblong-triangular, 
strongly convex, pubescent and hairy; antero- 
lateral and postero-lateral sides concave. 
Dorsal surface armed with seven prominent 
spines, one on the gastric, one on the car- 
diac, one on the intestinal, and two on each 
branchial region in line with the cardiac 
Fic. 184-—Macrocorroma uep. SP!Ne; spine at lateral angle transverse. Ros- 
TACANTHUM, FEMALE (21932), trum about one-fifth as long as the entire 
vostoaurtat tose x12 carapace, deflexed; horns subtrian gular, 
curved, acute, divergent, pointing obliquely 
outward. Orbits projecting obliquely forward, outward and up- 
ward, with a prominent, acute, preocular and postocular spine, 
the former suberect, and much more elevated than the postocular 





478 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


spine. Suborbital, subhepatic and antennal regions armed with six 
spines of which the four anterior are small, the two posterior large; 
of the small spines one is situated at the insertion of the movable 
part of the antenna, and three (two antennal and one orbital), 
form a longitudinal row; one of the large spines is near the outer 
angle of the buccal cavity, the other further back and out. 

Chelipeds of adult male rather slender, about as long as carapace. 
Arm with two conical spines above, one terminal, one near proximal 
end, also a line of three or four tubercles beneath, and two tubercles 
on the outer surface. Proximal half of fingers gaping, a large tooth 
at base of dactyl. Merus of ambulatory legs with a conical tooth 
above at articulation with carpus. : 

Measurements.—Male (15128), length of carapace measured to 
posterior margin 21.5, length of horn 4, width of carapace between 
tips of lateral spines 26.6, width just in front of these spines 17.3 
mm. Female (15131), length of carapace 24, greatest width 27.7 
mm. Female (Miers), length 41, width 32.5 mm. 

Range.—South Carolina to Gulf of Mexico; Bahia, Brazil (Miers). 
Shallow water to 79, exceptionally 116, fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 479. 


MACROCOELOMA DIPLACANTHUM (Stimpson) 
Plate 169, fig. 1; plate 269, figs. 1-3 


Pericera diplacantha Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, 
p. 183 (type-locality, St. Thomas; type not extant).—Scuramm, in Des- 
bonne and Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, 1867, p. 16, pl. 5, figs. 16-18.— 
A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1873, p. 55, pl. 13, fig. 2. 

Macrocoeloma diplacantha Mimrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 79. 

Macrocoeloma diplacanthum RATHBUN, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., vol. 20 for 1900, 
pt. 2 (1901), p. 74. 

Diagnosis.—Postero-lateral process bifid. Rostral horns sub- 
parallel. Five conical, dorsal tubercles. 

Description.—Surface ornamented with rows of long, curved hairs, 
one row leading from each branchial region forward along the upper 
surface of the rostrum, another row along the sides of the carapace. 
Carapace narrow, subtrigonal, much elevated. Four conical tuber- 
cles form almost a rectangle near the center of the carapace, while a 
fifth, more spiniform elevation occupies the intestinalregion. Postero- 
lateral process rather long, flattened and double, seeming to consist of 
two spines, one above the other, connected nearly to their tips by a 
web-like connecting lamina, concave anteriorly, convex posteriorly. 
Antero-lateral margin concave, unarmed except with a small hepatic 
tubercle. Gastric region strongly inclined anteriorly, with the 
frontal region (Stimpson). The rostrum is long, varying from nearly 
one-third to two-fifths of the entire length of the carapace; horns 





479 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 


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480 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


long, slender, acute, slightly divergent, and connected at base by a 
thin lamina. Anterior spine of basal antennal joint minute. Orbital 
tubes moderately protuberant, their anterior and posterior angles 
rounded. 

Measurements.—Male (43012), length of carapace 21, length of 
horn 8, width of carapace between tips of postero-lateral spines 12.8 
mm. Female (9365), length of carapace 28, length of horn 9, width of 
carapace between tips of postero-lateral spines 23.2 mm. Male 
(Schramm), length of carapace 36, width 29 mm. 

Range.—Key West, Florida; Bahamas; West Indies and Caribbean 
Sea. Shallow water. 

Material examined.— 

Key West, Florida; 1885; H. Hemphill; 1 female (9365). 

Off Little Cat Island, Bahamas, on the submerged bank connecting 
it with Eleuthera; 3 to 13 fathoms; 1893; station 68, State Univ. 
Iowa Exped.; 1 male (Mus. S. U. I.). 

Reef Lavesos Italienos, opposite Cayo Lavesos, Cuba; June 2y 
1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Exped.; 1 female 
(48677), with Rhizocephalid parasite. 

Montego Bay, Jamaica; 1910; E. A. Andrews: Dredged off 
Montego Bay Point; June 25; 1 female, with Rhizocephalid parasite 
(43013); June 28; 1 male (43024). Bathing beach; July 19; 1 male 
(43012). 

Port Antonio, Jamaica; specimens identified for the Institute of 
Jamaica, Kingston. 

Porto Rico; 1899; U.S. Fish Commission: February 1; Playa de 
Ponce Reef; 1 young (24115). February 9; Ensenada Honda, Culebra; 
2 females (24093). February 11; Culebra; 1 male (24119). 

St. Croix; specimens in Copenhagen Mus. 

St. Thomas; 1884; Albatross; 1 male (16182). 

Guadeloupe; Saussure; specimens in Geneva Mus. 

Curacao: Caracas Bay; encrusted with algae; April 19, 1920; 
C. J. van der Horst; 1 male (Mus. Amsterdam). 

Old Providence, Caribbean Sea; 1884; Albatross; 1 young (9136). 


MACROCOELOMA SUBPARALLELUM (Stimpson) 
Plate 172 


Pericera subparallela Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 
1860, p. 182 (type-locality, St. Thomas; cotypes, Cat. Nos. 1227 and 
1243, M. C. Z.).—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1873, p. 54, 
pl. 18; fig. 3: 

Pericera vilpini DEsBONNE and ScHramm, Crust. de la Guadeloupe, 1867, 
p. 12, pl. 5, figs. 14 and 15 (type-locality, les cétes rocheuses de la Guade- 
loupe; trouvé au Moule; type perhaps not extant). 

Macrocoeloma subparallela Mirrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, 
p. 79. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 481 


Macrocoeloma subparallelum RatuBun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20 for 
1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 74. 

Diagnosis.—A row of seven short spines or sharp tubercles on the 
dorsum between the postero-lateral angles. Posterior part of cara- 
pace eroded. Rostral horns subparallel. 

Description.—Carapace broad, triangular, covered with a short, 
vesicular pubescence. A band of curved hairs extends from tip of 
rostrum to middle of branchial region; a similar band on antero- 
lateral margin. A sharp tubercle on mesogastric region. Posterior 
third of carapace finely eroded. Protuberances at lateral angles 
triangular, flat, acute; between them a row of five protuberances, of 
which the submedian pair is small, and the median one is high and 
occupies the cardiac region; a smaller median spine or tubercle on 
the intestinal region. Rostrum about one-fourth as long as entire 
length of carapace, the horns connected behind by a thin expansion 
of the front, subparallel or sometimes divergent, and widely separated 
by a more or less U-shaped sinus; this sinus is devoid of crispate 
setae. Orbital tubes directed obliquely outward and forward, the 
preocular spine acute, stouter but less advanced than the spine at 
the antero-internal angle of the basal antennal segment. The an- 
tennal spine is visible in dorsal view, but the Bee is hidden by 
the rostral horns. 

Chelipeds very strong in the adult male and as long as carapace; 
two rows of tubercles on outer surface of arm and wrist, one row on 
palm; palms broad, compressed; fingers stout, ee gaping 
except at the dark brown, crenulated tips; dactylus with a shallow 
subbasal tooth. 

Abdomen and sternum of both sexes sculptured. 

Color.—Brownish-yellow (Desbonne). 

Measurements.—Male (48666), length of carapace 34.3, length of 
horn 8.1, width of carapace between tips of postero-lateral laminae 
29.5 mm. Male (Schramm), length of carapace 41, width between 
tips of postero-lateral laminae 36. Female (24200), length of cara- 
pace 31, length of horn 6.3, width of carapace 27.8 mm. 

Range.—West Indies; Caribbean Sea. 

Material examined.— 

Cuba; 1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Expedition: 
Between Cape San Antonio and Cape Cajon; 2 to 12 fathoms; on 
bottom varying from pure sand to weedy; May 24; station 12; 
1 young (48741). Cabafias; June 8-9; station 16; 1 male (48666); 
caught by copper sulphating on reef. 

Jamaica; specimens in Institute of Jamaica. 


Haiti; Dr. Weinland; 1 female (323, M. C. Z.). 


482 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Porto Rico; 1899; Fish Hawk: Guanica Bay, on coral reef; January 
28; 1 male (24139). Playa de Ponce Reef; Feb. 1; 1 male (24140). 
Ponce; 1 male (24141). Fajardo; Feb. 17; 2 males, 1 female (24200). 

St. Thomas: 1884; Albatross; 1 female (16183). A. H. Riise; 1 
immature female, cotype (1227, M. C. Z.), 1 male, cotype (1243, 
M. C. Z.); received from Smithsonian Institution. 

Guadeloupe; Saussure; specimens in Geneva Mus. 

Barbados; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition, University of 
Iowa: 1 female (Mus. S. U. I.). Bathsheba; 1 ovigerous female 
(Mus. S. U. I.). Pelican Island; tide pools; May 11; 1 immature 
female (Mus. S. U. I.). Shallow water, under large anemone; 1 
ovigerous female (Mus. 8S. U. I.). 

Old Providence Island, Caribbean Sea; 1884; Albatross; 1 female 
(16184). 

MACROCOELOMA VILLOSUM (Bell) 


Plate 269, figs. 4-7 


Pericera villosa Bruu, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 173 
(type-locality, Gulf of Guayaquil; type not extant); Trans. Zool. Soc. 
London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 59, pl. 12, figs. 4, 4 k-n.— Nos, Boll. Mus. Zool. 
Anat. Comp. R. Univ. Torino, vol. 16, No. 415, 1901, p. 30. 

Pericera fossata Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 
181 (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; type not extant). 

Macrocoeloma villosa Mirrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 79. 

Macrocoeloma villosum RatTuswun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, pp. 
574 and 616. 


Diagnosis.—Postero-lateral spines directed for- 
ward. Protuberances of carapace deeply separ- 
ated. Rostral horns very divergent. 

Description (after Bell and Stimpson).—Surface 
everywhere covered with a uniform short, dense, 
closely adhering pubescence. A few curled setae 
on the rostrum, and on the concave antero-lateral 
slopes of the carapace. Lateral processes long, 
blunt, and a little curved forward. The regions 
of the carapace are protuberant and separated 
by very deep sinuous pits or channels, appearing 
Fic. 135.—Macrocorroma Somewhat as if eaten out; but the protuberances 

VILLOSUM, GUAYAQUIL, themselves are not vermiculated. Rostrum as 
MAXILLIPED. (AFTER f : 
BELL) long as distance between eyes; the horns diverge, 
the distance between their tips equaling about 
two-thirds or three-fourths that between the orbits. 

Spine of basal segment of antennae slender, reaching considerably 
beyond the preorbital tooth. 

The abdomen of the female has a deep, vermiculated furrow on 
each side of the median rounded ridge; also channeled sutures. 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 483 


Color.—Male, brown red, red predominating on outer surface; 
female, darker brown, without any admixture of red (Bell). Female, 
dark buff, inclining to brownish (Stimpson). 

Measurements.—Length, 1 inch 7 lines (43.18 mm.), width the same, 
including the lateral spines each of which measures 3 lines (7.62 mm.) 
(Bell). Female, length 1.32 inch (33.53 mm.), width 1.2 inch (30.48 
mm.) (Stimpson). Male, entire length of carapace 45.5, width 
46 mm.; female, length 35, width 36.5 mm. (Nobili). 

Range.—Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, to Ecuador. 

Localities recorded.— 

Cape St. Lucas, Lower California (Stimpson). Bay of Santa 
Elena, Ecuador (Nobili). Bay of Guayaquil, Ecuador; 11 fathoms, 
on sandy mud (Bell). 


MACROCOELOMA LAEVIGATUM (Stimpson) 
Plate 169, figs. 2 and 3 


Pericera laevigata Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, 
p. 181 (type-locality, St. Thomas; type not extant).—A. Mitnge Epwarps, 
Crust. Rég. Mex., 1873, p. 56; 1875, pl. 15, figs. 1—-le. 

Pericera curvicorna DESBONNE, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. de la 
Guadeloupe, 1867, p. 14, pl. 5, fig. 19 (type-locality, Moule, Guadeloupe; 
cotype in Paris Mus.). 

Macrocoeloma lxvigata Mimrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17 1886, p. 80. 

Diagnosis.—Branchial width not much greater 
than orbital. No large spines on posterior half of 
carapace. A long, curved, antennal spine visible 
from above. 

Description.—Carapace ovate-oblong, convex. 
Surface covered with a short pubescence and partly 
with long, curled hairs. Back and sides rounded. 
Spines and tubercles small and few; a small spine at 
the summit of the low, cardiac cone; a stouter spine : 
on the intestinal region; a spine on each branchial yy¢. 136M acer o, 
region a little above the postero-lateral margin but ©0#Loma Larvicatum, 

: MALE (46933), BASAL 
not at the widest part of the carapace; a large, gxcennax armicie- 
blunt tubercle near the hepatic border of each gas-  * 6.66 
tric region; a small branchial tubercle either side of 
the cardiac region and behind its middle. Orbital tubes large, nearly 
transverse, the preocular and postocular teeth subequal, the latter 
more produced. Rostrum between a fourth and a fifth of the length 
of the carapace, deflexed, curving downward (concave below); horns 
occupying about two-thirds of the length, regularly tapering, acute, 
divergent. Movable part of antennae longer than rostrum; spine of 
basal article large, prominent, exposed from above, divergent from 
the rostrum and much nearer the orbital tubes; a short, acute spine 
is situated at the antero-external angle and overlaps the preocular 





484 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


spine; further back a small blunt spine. On the lower surface of the 
carapace an acute spine just outside the basal segment of the antenna, 
and a row of three tubercles on the pterygostomian region. 

The merus of the chelipeds has a row of conical spines above and 
a row of tubercles on the outer surface and the lower, outer margin. 
Carpus tuberculate, manus smooth, digits gaping in their basal third 
or two-fifths. 

Color.—Yellowish (Desbonne); hands crimson, distal half of 
fingers black except the tips which are white (Stimpson). 

Measurement.—Male (46933), length of carapace 25, length of 
horn 5.8, width of carapace 14 mm. 

Range.—Florida Keys; West Indies. 

Material examined.— 

Florida: Hawk Channel; 4% mile SE. by S. of SE. end of Duck 
Key; 14 feet; rky.; January 27, 1903; station 7429, Fish Hawk; 1 
male (46933). 

Cuba; 1914; Henderson and Bartsch, Tomas Barrera Expedition: 
Between Cape San Antonio and Cape Cajon; 2 to 12 fathoms; on 
bottom varying from pure sand to weedy; station 12; 1 female 
(48740). Bahia Honda; June 7; 1 female (48673). 

Jamaica: Port Antonio; J. E. Duerden, collector; Institute of 
Jamaica; 1 male (21235). 

St. Thomas; 2 small males (Copenhagen Mus.). 

Guadeloupe; Saussure; 1 male, 1 female (Geneva Mus.). 


MACROCOELOMA EUTHECA (Stimpson) 
Plate 170, fig. 1; plate 171, fig. 1 


Pericera eutheca Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 112 
(type-localities, off French Reef, 15 fathoms, and west of Tortugas, 37 
fathoms; types not extant)—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 
1873, pp. 58 and 200, pl. 15A, figs. 1-1c. Not Aurivillius, K. Sv. Vet.- 
Akad. Hand., vol. 28, pt. 1, 1889, p. 55, pl. 2, fig. 1. 

Macrocoeloma eutheca Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, pp. 80 
and 82.—Not Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 251.— 
RATHBUN, Bull. Labor. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 257. 

Diagnosis.—Rostral spines separated by a U-shaped sinus. Cara- 
pace much constricted behind orbits. Orbital tubes very long. 

Description.—Carapace subtrapezoidal, very narrow behind orbits. 
A spine on gastric, cardiac and intestinal prominences, a spinule 
at summit of branchial region, and one strong spine at lateral angle, 
directed outward and backward, and in line with cardiac spine. 
Rostrum small, horns slender, parallel for at least one-half their 
length, interspace U-shaped, tips slightly divergent. Orbital sheath 
directed obliquely forward, upward and outward, and prolonged well 
beyond the ventral face of the basal antennal article; its margin is 

















THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 485 


provided with four spines or teeth, one preocular, one postocular, 
one superior, just in front of closed sinus, and one inferior, belonging 
to antennal article. Besides the ventral face of this article bears two 
spines; one outside the movable part of the antenna is long, curved 
and bent down, the other is near the outer margin and continuous 
with a suborbital spine and a row of four pterygostomian tubercles. 

The arm of the cheliped bears three marginal rows of tubercles, 
the hand has a partial row above and below. The brown color of the 
fingers extends nearly their whole length on the inner margin but 
only to about the middle on the outer margin. 

Measurements.—Male (station 24), entire length of carapace 27 
mm., length, measured from between rostral horns 24, greatest 
width at orbits 15.2, greatest bran- 
chial width 23, branchial width with- 
out spines 18, width at narrowest 
point behind orbits 10 mm. 

Range.—Bahama Banks; Florida 
Keys; West Indies; Panama (Atlan- 
tic side). Depth, 30 to 117 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Bahama Banks; May 18, 1893; 
State University of Iowa Expedi- 
tion; 1 young female (20020). 

Miami, Florida; 30 fathoms; J. B. 
Henderson; 1 male, 1 ovigerous fe- 
male, 1 young (46932). 

Off Key West, Florida; Sand Key Fis. 137—Macrocoztoma gurneca (46932), 
Ligh t bearing W. NW., Key West BASAL ANTENNAL ARTICLE, X 11 
Light bearing N.; 60 fathoms; station 24, State Univ. Iowa Exped.; 
1 male (Mus. S. U.I.). 

Off Sand Key, Florida; 50 fathoms; May, 1913; J. B. Henderson; 
1 male (46066). 

Off Havana, Cuba; May 26, 1898; State Univ. Iowa Exped.; 
1 young male (Mus. S. U. I.). 

Off Frederickstadt, St. Croix; lat. 17° 37’ 55’’ N.; long. 64° 54’ 207’ 
W.; 117 fathoms; R. brk. Sh.; temp. 65° F.; January 5, 1879; station 
132, U.S. C.S.S. Blake; 1 female, ovigerous (2850, M. C. Z.). 

Barbados; 1918; Barbados-Antigua Expedition, University of 
Iowa: SW. of Pelican Island, 1 mile; 38 fathoms; fine coral fragments; 
May 13; station 1; 1 male (Mus. S. U. I.). W. by N. of telegraph 
station; 44 mile off shore about edge of drop off; 60 to 70 fathoms; 
tangles; June 1; station 66; 1 female (Mus. S. U. I.). 

Near Colon, Panama; lat. 9° 32’ 00’’ N.; long. 79° 54’ 30’’ W.; 34 
fathoms; brk. Sh.; April 2, 1884; station 2146, Albatross; 1 male 
(52686). 





486 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


MACROCOELOMA INTERMEDIUM Rathbun 
Plate 170, fig. 2; plate 171, fig. 2 


Macrocoeloma eutheca RatTuBun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 251, 
except synonymy. Not Pericera eutheca Stimpson. 

Macrocoeloma intermedium RatuBun, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 
1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 75 (type-locality, off Havana, 163 fathoms; holo- 
type, male, Cat. No. 9492, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—Rostral horns separated by a V-shaped sinus. Basal 
half of rostrum with outer margins convex. Postero-lateral spine 
behind widest part of carapace. 

Description.—Carapace oblong, width at orbits subequal to width 
at branchial regions, excluding branchial spines. Constriction 
behind orbits much less than in ewtheca. Three median spines, 
gastric, cardiac and intestinal, the latter slender and curved. A 
larger, similar spine behind postero-lateral angle and a little above it 
on the carapace aspinule or tubercle. Lat- 
eral margin rough with spinules, one or two 
of which are hepatic. Orbital sheaths 
much shorter than in eutheca; margin 
armed with four spines or teeth, one pre- 
ocular, one postocular and one infero- 
posterior spine; above some crenulations 
and a tooth behind the sinus. Basal an- 
tennal article armed with two long spines, 
Fic. 138.—Macrocortomantermepr the outer of which forms a submarginal 

Sh GEE), BAAD ANTENE AY spine on the orbitalitube:) Rostrum lane, 
base very broad and with convex lateral 
margins, horns divergent, separated by a V-shaped interspace. 

Pterygostomian region tuberculate. 

Chelipeds with about four short, stout, blunt spines on upper 
margin of merus; carpus granulate; manus smooth. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace measured 
from posterior margin to tip of rostral horn 25, length measured from 
between rostral horhs 21.2, greatest width at orbits 16, greatest 
branchial width 18, branchial width without spines 16.1, width at 
narrowest point behind orbits 12 mm. Male (Copenhagen Mus.), 
entire length of carapace 29.6, orbital width 18.6, branchial width 
without spines 19.7, length of ote 4.2 mm. 

Range.—West Indies; Panama. 

Material examined.— 

Off Havana, Cuba; Albatross: Lat. 23° 10’ 36’’ N.; long. 82° 20’ 
20’ W.; 122 fathoms; Co.; May 1, 1884; station 2168; 1 female 
(7756). Lat. 23° 10’ 517’ N.; long. 82° 19 ‘03’’ W.; 163 fathoms; 
wh. br. Co.; Jan. 17, 1885; station 2323; 1 male, holotype (9492). 

Off Roseau, Dominica; 40 fathoms; A. H. Verrill; 1 male (82512). 











THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 487 


West Indies; 1 female (Copenhagen Mus.). 

Near Colon, Panama; lat. 9° 32’ 00’’ N.; long. 79° 54’ 30’’ W.; 
34 fathoms; brk. Sh.; April 2, 1884; station 2146, Albatross; 1 male 
(7780). 


MACROCOELOMA CONCAVUM Miers 
Plate 170, fig. 3; plate 171, fig. 3 


Macrocoeloma concava Mirrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, pp. 79 
and 81, pl. 10, figs. 2-2b (type-locality, Fernando Noronha, 7 to 20 fathoms; 
type in British Mus.). 

Macrocoeloma concavum RatusBwun, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 2898, 
p. 576; Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 75. 

Diagnosis.—Rostral horns triangular, separated by a V-shaped 
sinus. A spine present on urogastric region. A transverse row of 
five spines in line of cardiac spine. <A strong protogastric spine. 

Description.—Body and legs covered with a short, close pubescence, 
with some longer curled hairs. Carapace very convex, deeply 
concave on hepatic regions; dorsal surface armed with ten spines, 
disposed as follows: Three small spines in a triangle on gastric 
region, of which the posterior, or mesogastric one is the largest; a 
urogastric, a cardiac and an intestinal spine; a strong spine at lateral 
angle of carapace, and in the same transverse line with this and the 
cardiac spine, a dorsal, branchialspine. A few tubercles in front of the 
mesogastric spine. Lateral margins of carapace tuberculated, the 
tubercles continued in an oblique series over pterygostomian regions 
nearly to antero-external angle of buccal cavity. Rostrum flat, 
intermediate in size between those of Jf. ewtheca and M. inter- 
medium; outer margins straight or concave; horns separated by a 
V-shaped interspace as in intermedium. ‘The orbits are less elongate 
than in the two preceding species; besides a blunt preocular and 
postocular tooth there are two or three tubercles on the upper margin, 
and three teeth or lobes on the lower margin, the middle one of 
which belongs to the basal antennal segment. This segment has also 
two equal spines, one on the anterior and one on the outer margin 
of the ventral face; behind the latter are a few tybercles. 

Merus of chelipeds armed with tubercles on the margins, four on 
the upper margin being the largest; also two tubercles on outer 
surface, one on lower surface; inner surface granulate. Carpus 
granulate, a small tubercle at inner angle. Palm granulate on inner 
surface, also a tubercle at proximal end. 

Measurements—Female (24214), length of carapace measured 
from posterior margin to tip of rostral horn 35.8, length measured 
from between horns 32.8, greatest width at orbits 21.5, greatest 
branchial width 33.2, branchial width without spines 28.6, width at 
narrowest point behind orbits 18.1 mm. 


488 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Range.—Porto Rico; Brazil, as far south as Bahia (Miers). Shallow 
water to 20 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Off Vieques, Porto Rico; February 10, 1899; Fish Hawk: Cule- 
brita lighthouse, NE. by N., 10 miles; 15 fathoms; Co.; temp. 26° 
C.; station 6091; 1 female (24214). Point Mula Lighthouse, E. by 
N., 1034 miles; 1244 fathoms; Co.; temp. 27° C.; station 6095; 1 
male (24221). 

Off Cape St. Roque, Brazil; lat. 6° 59’ 30’’ S.; long. 34° 47’ 00” 
W.; 20 fathoms; brk. Sh.; 79° F.; station 2758, Albatross; 1 female 
(21934). 

Genus MICROPHRYS Milne Edwards 


Microphrys Mitnp Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. 16, 1851, p. 
251; type, M. weddelli Milne Edwards. 

Milnia Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, p. 179; 
type, M. bicornutus (Latreille). 

Omalacantha Streets, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 3, vol. 1, 1871, 
p. 238; type, O. hirsuta Streets= Microphrys bicornutus (Latreille). 

Eumilnia Kinesutry, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 20, 1879, p. 145; 
type, HE. error Kingsley = M. platysoma Stimpson. Not Fisheria Lockington. 

Carapace broadly pyriform, somewhat depressed, dorsal surface 
uneven and tuberculate or nodose, a small marginal spine or tubercle 
at lateral angle of branchial region; preocular spine usually developed. 
Orbits small, circular, with closed fissures. Eyes small. Rostral 
horns moderate or small, divergent. Basal segment of antenna con- 
siderably dilated, armed with a sizable spine at the antero-external 
angle, which is visible in dorsal view; the movable segments of the 
peduncle and the flagellum are not concealed by the rostrum. 

Merus of outer maxillipeds distally truncated, the antero-external 
angle somewhat produced and rounded and the antero-internal angle 
emarginate. 

Chelipeds larger than ambulatory legs, the palm compressed and 
more or less enlarged. Fingers hollowed at tip and in the male 
gaping. 

Legs diminishing rapidly in length from first to fourth pair, the 
merus and carpus usually armed with spines; dactyli slightly curved. 

Abdomen of both sexes with seven separate segments. 

Restricted to America. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS MICROPHRYS 


A!, Two spines on hepatic margin. Two large spines on margin of branchial 
rerion near lateralvangles. 2030/00) ) tA) Sia thie Ue weddelli, p. 496. 
A. Two spines lacking on hepatic margin. 
B'. No flattened, imbricated lobes on side walls of carapace. 
Cl. A very prominent, oblong, oblique areole or nodule on anterior branchial 
region. 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 489 


D'. Three teeth or spines on basal segment of antenna, viz, one at antero- 
external angle, one behind it on margin, one small at base of movable 


segment. 
E!, Carapace very granulate. A slender, sharp spine at lateral angle 
ofvearapace2e7. ait: Ss. . Sea: Be branchialis, p. 502. 
E*. Carapace nodose, nodules nearly smooth. A conical lobe at lateral 
angle’ of carapace.2- 2.222622 = 2ee ees triangulatus, p. 505. 


D2. Two teeth only on basal segment of antenna, no tooth at base of 
movable segment. A tooth on infra-orbital margin just outside 
antennal segment. A spine at lateral angle of carapace. Oblique 
branchial nodule divided in two_____-_-_-_- interruptus, p. 504. 

C*. Oblique areoles or nodules on anterior branchial region not very prom- 
inent. No tooth on infra-orbital margin just outside antennal seg- 
ment. An elongate spine at antero-external angle of basal antennal 
segment, and a tubercle behind it on margin_-___ bicornutus, p. 489. 

B?. Two flattened, usually imbricated lobes on side walls of carapace, one 
hepatic, one branchial. 

C!. Carapace with many well marked granules; and considerably longer 
than broad. 

D!. Two spines at widest part of branchial region. Two large tubercles 
on intestinal region. A marginal lobe or tubercle on the basal 
segment of the antenna behind the antero-external spine. 

platysoma, p. 497. 

D?, Three spines at widest part of branchial region. Four large tubercles 
on intestinal region. No marginal tubercle on the basal segment 
of the antenna behind the antero-external spine, although the 


MAT TINGS I CKeEned es. = ee oe Be ee eae antillensis, p. 498. 
C*. Carapace with few granules, hairy, not much longer than broad, typically 
with four long spines on each branchial region__-_ aculeatus, p. 500. 


ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT 


Atlantic Pacific 
antillensis. platysoma. 
interruptus. branchialis. 


Species on both sides of the continent: weddelli. 


MICROPHRYS BICORNUTUS (Latreille) 
Plate 175 


Pisa bicornuta LATREILLE, Encyc. Méth., Hist. Nat., Insectes, vol. 10, 
1825, p. 141 (type-locality, Nouvelle Hollande; type in Paris Mus.). 

Pericera bicorna Mine Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 337 
(type-locality, Antilles; type in Paris Mus.). 

Pisa bicorna GiBBEs, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 3, 1850, p. 170. 

Pericera bicornuta GuféRin, in La Sagra’s Hist. of Cuba, 1856, p. xii.— 
von Martens, Arch. f. Naturg., vol. 38, 1872, p. 85, pl. 4, fig. 5—Gunp- 
LACH and TorrauBas, An. Acad. Habana, vol. 36, 1899 (1900), p. 363, 
text-fig.; reprint, 1917, p. 20, pl. [5], fig. 11. 

Pericera bicornis SAussuRE, Mém. Soe. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, vol. 14, 
1858, p. 427 [12], pl. 1, fig. 3 (type-locality, Antilles; type in Geneva 
Mus.). 

Milnia bicornuta Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860; 
p. 180. 


490 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Pisa galibica DrsBONNE, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, 
1867, p. 18 (type-locality, Guadeloupe; cotype in Paris Mus.). 

Pisa purpurea DESBONNE, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, 
1867, p. 18 (type-locality, Guadeloupe; cotype in Paris Mus.). 

Omalacantha hirsuta StrEETS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 3, 
vol. 1, 1871, p. 238 (type-locality, Isthmus of Panama; female holotype 
in Mus. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.). 

Microphrys bicornutus A. Minne Epwarps, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., 
vol. 8, 1872, p. 247; Crust. Rég. Mex., 1873, p. 61, pl. 14, figs. 2-4. 

Microphrys bicornuta KinGsLEY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 31, 
1879, p. 386. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace tuberculate. A marginal spine at branchia 
angle. A tubercle on margin of basal antennal segment behind 
antero-external spine. Claws spotted. 

Description.—Carapace subtriangular, moderately hairy, all the 
raised parts covered with rounded tubercles and two or three short 
spines on the branchial region; a spine 
at the lateral angle, which is situated far 
back. A line of four tubercles arches 
upward on intestinal region. Rostrum 
from a half to a third the length of the 
remainder of the carapace; horns either 
divergent throughout or divergent at base 
with extremities curving inward. Spine 
at anterior angle of basal segment of 
antenna flat, obtuse; behind it on the 
margin a tubercle or in the old a short 
stout spine. Preorbital angle rectang- 
ular. 

fang Chelipeds spotted, the spots persisting 
\% in alcohol for many years. Arm with 
three or four tubercles or short, blunt 
Fig. 139.—MICROPHRYS BICORNUTUS spines above. Fingers gaping. 
(7580), MAXILLIPED, X 8.4 : a A 
Legs hairy, margins a little rough. 

Color.—Variable. Carapace often a dull yellowish brown or a 
bright purplish rose; chelipeds grayish-white, covered with small, 
round, purplish spots. 

Measurements.—Male (7580), total length of carapace 36.4, length 
on median line 30.2, width with spines 26, without spines 23.6 mm. 

Habitat—A very common species on coral reefs. It is often 
disguised by the wealth of foreign objects, such as sponges, anemones, 
hydroids, algae, etc., which become attached to it. 

Range.—Beaufort, North Carolina; Bahamas and Florida Keys 
to Desterro, Brazil; Bermudas. The locality given by Latreille is 
an error. 

Material examined.—See table, pages 491-495. 





» 





491 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 


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MICROPHRYS WEDDELLI Milne Edwards 
Plate 271, figs. 2-7 


Microphrys weddelli M1LNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., vol. 16, 
1851, pp. 251 [31] and 291 [71], pl. 10, figs. 1 and 2 (type-locality, Peru; 
type in Paris Mus.). 

Microphrys weddellit A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1873, pl. 14, 
figs. 1—-1¢; 1875, p. 60. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace very little longer than wide. Two marginal 
spines on hepatic region, two large spines on margin of branchial 
region at widest part of carapace. A long spine on carpus of first 
three legs. 

Description (after A. Milne Edwards).—Body and legs with little 
hair; there are only those stiff, hooked hairs which adorn the rostrum, 
the prominent parts of the carapace, and the upper part of the feet. 
Carapace pyriform, very wide at the branchial regions. The regions 
are little areolated and bear on their prominent parts some feebly 
marked tubercles; on the post-branchial lobes, however, these tuber- 
cles are more elevated and become spiniform. A line of pearllike 
eranulations extends parallel to the posterior margin to a point 
above the fourth pair of feet. 

Frontal horns of medium length, pointed and divergent. On 
either side there is a stout spine belonging to the basal segment of 
the antenna. Preorbital angle little advanced, bearing a small spine. 
Lateral margins rough with spines; two very small on the hepatic 
region, three of the same size on the epibranchial lobe, two others, 
large and strong, arm the metabranchial lobe. 

Chelipeds of male very strong; hand very high and a little com- 
pressed; fingers gaping. In the female, the chelipeds are slender 
and the hand almost eylindrical. In both sexes the arm has about 
three spines above. Legs short and stout, those of the second pair 
are longer than the succeeding, and are armed on the merus and 
carpus waht a series of sharp spines; one spine on the carpus of the 
first three pairs. 

Oolor.—Carapace reddish brown; feet the same ies clouded 
with violet. 

Measurements.—Total length of carapace 36, greatest width of 
same 33 mm. 

Range.—¥rom Ecuador to Chile; Guadeloupe. 

Material examined.— 

Paraca Bay, Peru; U.S. C.S.S. Hassler; 1 male (2095, M. C. Z.). 

Peru; cotypes (Paris Mus.). 

Peru; Guérin collection; T. B. Wilson, donor; 1 male, 1 female 
(Mus. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.) ; perhaps cotypes; labeled (by Guérin 
probably) “n. g. and n. sp., Cat. du Mus. de Paris.”’ 


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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 497 


Caldera, Chile; May 16, 1872; U. S. C. S. S. Hassler; 1 male 
(1932, M. C. Z.). 

West coast of South America; 1858; Médller, collector; 1 specimen 
(Copenhagen Mus.). 

Guadeloupe; specimens described by A. Milne Edwards (Paris 
Mus.). 

Additional record.—Bay of St. Elena, Ecuador (Nobili). 


MICROPHRYS PLATYSOMA (Stimpson) 
Plate 176, figs. 1 and 2 


Milnia platysoma Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, 
p. 180 (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; type not extant). 
Microphrys platysoma A. MitNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 62.— 
RatTuBounN, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 72 
(part; not Atlantic specimens); Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, 
pp. 535 and 574, pl. 50, fig. 3 (part: only Lower California specimens). 
Pisoides ? celatus LocKineToN, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Wol. 7, 1876 
(1877), p. 66 [4], (type-localities, La Paz, Mulege Bay, Port Escondido, 
San José Island, all in the Gulf of California; types not extant). 
Microphrys depressa Streets and Krnesuey, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 9, 
1877, p. 103; not Fisheria depressa Lockington, 1877. 
Microphrys error Kinestey, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 20, 187¢, 
p. 145 (type-locality, Lower California; type not extant). 
Diagnosis.—Two laminiform processes on antero-lateral wall of 
carapace. Two branchial spines, one at lateral angle, the other in a 
transverse line with same. A lobe on mar- 
gin of basal antennal segment behind 
antero-external spine. 
Description.—Carapace depressed, tu- 
berculate and granulate; areole at inner 
angle of branchial region very finely gran- 
ulate; two laminiform processes on the 
antero-lateral wall, one on the hepatic re- 
gion, the other on the branchial region, the 
latter not projecting in an imbricated 
manner. The surface of the hepatic proc- 
ess is in one plane, with the anterior end 
acute and projecting forward; there may 
be, however, at the middle of the Upper Fie. 140—MicROPHRYS PLATYSOMA 
edge a tubercle which projects outward. (20282), BASAL ANTENNAL ARTICLE, 
Between the hepatic and branchial proc- an: 
esses and below their level there is a spine; two branchial spines, one 
of which is on the postero-lateral angle and the other farther in 
but on the same transverse line. On the posterior margin there 
is a row of tubercles which increase in size toward the middle, 
those of the middle pair larger than the others. Rostral horns 
slender, directed forward, about one-sixth the length of rest of 





498 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


carapace. Antennal spines about half the length of rostral spines; 
the margin of the antennal segment behind the spine curves outward, 
forming a shallow lobe; preocular spines acute, half the length of 
antennal spines. 

The arm has a dentate, laminate superior crest; wrist tuberculate; 
palm less than twice as long as broad; fingers widely gaping, the pollex 
being strongly curved downward. 

Legs sparsely hairy and with a few spines and tubercles; propodal 
joints with a prominent rounded distal laminiform process for articu- 
lation of dactylus. 

Color.—Reddish-brown above, hands and under parts white 
marbled with bright red, the latter predominating on the upper sur- 
face of the chelipeds (Lockington). 

Measurements.—Male (20292), entire length of carapace 17.2, 
width of same without spines 13.2, with spines 13.7, length of rostral 
spines 2.5 mm. 

Range.—Lower California to Panama. 

Material examined.— 

Patos Island, Gulf of California, Mexico; anchorage, 444 fathoms; 
Apr. 23, 1921; Fred Baker, collector, California Academy Expedition; 
1 male (Cal. Acad.). 

La Paz Bay, Lower California, Mexico; L. Diguet, collector; 9 
specimens (Paris Mus.); 1 male, 1 female (20292). 

Mazatlan, Mexico; A. Agassiz; 1 small male (2096, M. C. Z.). 

Taboga Island, Panama; June, 1894; J. Zetek; 1 male (48791). 

Island at end of breakwater, Panama Bay, Panama; February 5, 
1912; Meek and Hildebrand, Smithson. Biol. Surv.; 1 male (56539). 


MICROPHRYS ANTILLENSIS Rathbun 
Plate 176, figs. 38 and 4 


Microphrys platysoma RatHBUN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, 
pt. 2 (1901), p. 72 (part: specimens from Porto Rico).—Hay and SuHore, 
Bull. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 35, 1915-16 (1918), p. 459, pl. 38, fig. 9. 

Microphrys antillensis RavTHBUN, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., vol. 33, 1920, p. 24 
(type-locality, off Montego Bay Point, Jamaica; holotype, Cat. No. 
43017, U.S. Nat. Mus.). 

Diagnosis.—Two processes on antero-lateral wall of carapace, 
the oblong branchial process not rimmed nor sharply defined. 
Three branchial spines about lateral angle. No lobe on margin of 
basal antennal segment behind antero-external spine. Four equally 
large tubercles on intestinal region. 

Description.—lI formerly assigned some small Porto Rican specimens 
to the species platysoma, but additional material indicates that the 
Atlantic form should be separated from the Pacific. 

In M. antillensis the general aspect is the same as in platysoma. 
The antennal spines are longer, slenderer and less divergent; the 




















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500 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


basal segment itself, is narrower, and its outer margin, though 
thickened, does not project laterally in a lobe as in platysoma. The 
laminiform process on the hepatic region is not entirely flat, and 
has a tooth at the anterior end which projects outward but not 
forward except in alargespecimen. The 
flattened, lateral process on the branchial 
region is not as sharply defined as in 
platysoma, and is devoid of a rimmed 
edge. Besides the two spines at the 
widest part of the carapace characteristic 
of platysoma, there is a spine below the 
margin which forms a broad triangle 
with the other two. Four, instead of 
two, tubercles are equally enlarged on 
the intestinal region. 
Measuremenis.—Male, holotype, entire 
length of carapace 14, length of horns 
Fic. 141—Microrarys anmitensis, 2.4, width of carapace including spines 
sane (iD, roratiesorH OF S404 11.6, excluding spines 10.5 mm. Male 
(51032), entire length of carapace 18.3, 
length of horns 3.3, width of carapace including spines 15.6, excluding 
spines 14 mm. 
Range.—North Carolina; Cuba; Jamaica; Porto Rico. 
Material examined.—See table, page 499. 





MICROPHRYS ACULEATUS (Bell) 


Plate 271, fig. 1 


Pisa aculeata Bru, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 18385 (1836), p. 171 
(type-locality, Galapagos Islands; type not extant); Trans. Zool. Soc. 
London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 50, pl. 9, fig. 7. 

Milnia aculeata Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 1860, 
p- 52. 

Microphrys aculeatus A. M1uNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1875, p. 63.— 
RatuBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, pp. 5386 and 574, pl. 
45, fig. 4. 

Microphrys platysoma RATHBUN, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, 
p. 285 (part: Galapagan specimen); Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 1910, 
pp. 535 and 574 (part: Peruvian and Galapagan specimens, not pl. 
50, fig. 3). 


Diagnosis.—Carapace short and broad, tubercles few. Two raised 
disks on antero-lateral wall. Four spines on each branchial region, 
two marginal. No tooth or lobe on basal antennal segment behind 
antero-external spine. 

Description Carapace shorter and broader than in platysoma; 
hairy; when the hairs are removed the surface is seen to be covered 
with small pits. Tubercles and granules few; an arch of 5 tubercles 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 501 


across the gastric region; 2 tuberclesfnear the outer edge of each 
branchial region; a row of tubercles above the posterior margin. 
Some fine granules on the inner areole of the branchial region; gran- 
ules also on the protogastric regions, while a row of granules leads 
forward onto each horn. Typically four spines on each branchial 
region, three of which form a transverse row with the conical cardiac 
region, the outer spine of the row being marginal; the fourth spine is 
also marginal but lower and further forward than the third. Be- 
tween the second and third spines there may be an additional, smaller, 
secondary spine. The first or innermost spine (that next the cardiac 
region) may be obsolete and represented by only a low, conical 
swelling. Each spine and tubercle bears a tuft of long, curled hairs; 
a band of similar hairs runs along the 
antero-lateral margins and along each side 
of the gastric region to the tips of the 
rostral horns. On the antero-lateral wall 
are two much raised, oval disks, one hepatic 
and one branchial; the side of the postorbital 
cup is also flattened. 

The margin of the basal antennal segment 
bears no tooth nor lobe behind the slender, 
antero-lateral spine. 

The arm has three triangular teeth above. es 
The first leg has a long spine on the carpus oO 2 
and another near the distal end of the 4. 149— icrorHRys ACULEATUS 
merus; the second leg has a spine on the — (25677), pasar anTENNAL ARTI- 
carpus only. CLE, X 12.7 

Measurements.—Ovigerous female (40464), entire length of carapace 
15.7, width of carapace without spines 13.8 mm. 

Range.—Kcuador (Nobili); Peru; Galapagos Islands... 

Material examined.— 

Lobos de Afuera, Peru; rocky bottom along shore, which is cov- 
ered with growth of seaweed; March 18, 1907; R. E. Coker, col- 
lector; 2 females (40464); received from Peruvian Government. 

North end of Ferrol Bay (Chimbote), Peru; rocks between tide 
lines; March 1; R. E. Coker, collector; 1 young female (40465); re- 
ceived from Peruvian Government. 

Reef north of Tagus Hill, Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island, Galapa- 
gos Islands; March 16, 1899; Stanford University; 1 female (25677). 

5487—25 t——34 





502 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


MICROPHRYS BRANCHIALIS Rathbun 
Plate 176, figs. 5 and 6; plate 270, fig. 1 


Microphrys, species, RATHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, 1892, p. 254. 

Microphrys branchialis RatuBun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 
577, pl. 41, fig. 5 (type-locality, Magdalena Bay, Lower California, 12 
fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 21576, U.S.N.M.); Proc. Washington Acad. 
Sci., vol. 4, 1902, p. 285. 

Diagnosis.—Postero-lateral angle armed with one spine. Antero- 
lateral margin unarmed and without imbricated processes. Anterior 
branchial region much swollen. Three marginal spines or teeth on 
basal segment of antenna. 

Description.—Anterior branchial region with an oblique oblong 
protuberance, highest posteriorly, sloping gradually downward an- 
teriorly and covered with tubercles. Gastric tubercles as follows: 
Three median, a cluster of three on each side anteriorly, and a trans- 
verse row at posterior end. One genital tuber- 
cle; 10 cardiac, of which 2 are median. 
Posterior branchial region with several tuber- 
cles, arranged mostly in two longitudinal rows; 
postero-lateral angle with a spine curving up- 
ward. <A row of blunt tubercles above poste- 
rior margin. Margin of hepatic region with 
a small tubercle; vertical side of branchial 
region with scattered tubercles, and two lines 
of tubercles continued to pterygostomian re- 
Fic. 143.—Microrarys sran- gion. Anterior and lateral regions hairy. 

Sa ee as “™* Rostrum deflexed; with two flattened, tri- 

angular, acute horns, pointing forward and 

separated by a V-shaped sinus reaching one-half length of rostrum. 

Preorbital tooth subacute, denticulate; two superior orbital fissures 
on either side of a rounded lobe; postorbital tooth blunt. 

Basal antennal article armed at antero-lateral angle with a long, 
broad, blunt spine or tooth, curved inward and upward and with 
crenulated outer margin; a short blunt tooth at base of second article; 
a tooth on outer margin forming part of wall of orbit, and a laminate 
tubercle near postero-lateral angle. 

Chelipeds of male one and a third times length of carapace; scat- 
tered tubercles on upper surface of arm and wrist; a longitudinal row 
on outer surface of arm, and two or three tubercles at proximal end 
of outer lower margin. Palm long and narrow, margins parallel, 
superior length over twice width and more than one and a half times 
dactylus. Pollex not arched downward as in U. platysoma. Cheli- 
peds of female slenderer and about nine-tenths length of carapace. 





503 


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504 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


First leg reaches middle of palm in male, to end of chelipeds in female; 


merus of legs armed with spines and tubercles on superior and outer 
surfaces; carpus with two or three spines; margins of legs hairy. 
Variations.—Varies in the number of tubercles, length of postero- 
lateral spine, prominence of oblong branchial protuberance, length 
of rostral horns and antero-external spine of basal joint of antenna. 
Measurements.—Male, holotype, entire length of carapace 15.3, 
width of same including spines 14, excluding spines 11.8 mm. 
Range.—From Abreojos Point, Lower California to Gulf of Cali- 
fornia. Depth, 12 to 48 fathoms. 
Material examined.cSee table, page 503. 


MICROPHRYS INTERRUPTUS Rathbun 
Plate 174, figs. 1-3 


Microphrys interruptus RatHBuN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 33, 
1920, p. 24 (type-locality, Ensenada de Cajon, off Cape San Antonio, 
Cuba; holotype, Cat. No. 48753, U.S.N.M.); Univ. Iowa Studies in Nat. 
Hist., vol. 9; 1921; p: 86, pl. 2, fig. 5. 

Tnagnosis.—A broken, oblique ridge on branchial region. Two 
marginal teeth or spines on basal segment of antenna. Legs un- 
armed. 

Description.—Carapace very uneven. The branchial region bears 
a high, oblique elevation, which in this species is in two parts, the 
anterior part elongate and bilobed at summit, the posterior part 
small and conical; in the same line is the stout, curved, sharp-tipped 
spine at the lateral angle of the carapace. ‘Transversely inward 
from this spme is a shorter, conical, blunt spine or tubercle; on 
either side of the cardiac region an areole bearing a few granules; 
the small and finely granulated areole at the inner angle of the 
branchial region is depressed. The mesogastric region is for the 
most part elevated and nodulous; near its anterior end there is a 
tubercle which is one of five forming a transverse curve across the 
gastric region. Cardiac region nodulose. Besides a short submar- 
ginal row of granules above each postero-lateral margin, there is a 
row of four tubercles arched upwards above the posterior margin, 
and underneath the arch, two smaller tubercles side by side. A few 
granules on the vertical slope of the hepatic and branchial regions. 

Carapace wider than usual anteriorly, the orbits being more 
tubular. Preorbital tooth not produced, tip tuberculiform. Rostral 
horns flat and sharp, their outer margins parallel. Spine of basal 
antennal segment very short, broad, flat, curved, blunt, and pro- 
jecting obliquely outward rather than forward; it is followed by a 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 505 


tuberculiform tooth on the outer margin. The segment is wide, as 
in branchialis, but the tubercle on its ventral surface is much lower, 
almost obsolete. 

The right cheliped, the only one present, is rather feeble, and is 
probably not fully developed; the arm has a row of a few spaced 
tubercles above; the carpus a few granules outside. 

The legs have a row of long hairs on each side of the dorsal aspect 
but are devoid of spines; ther first two pairs are very slender. Last 
segment of male abdomen shorter than in 
branchialis. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, entire 
length of carapace 10.7, length of horns 
1.4, width of carapace including spines 8.4, 
excluding spines 8.2mm. Male (Antigua), 
entire length of carapace 16.7, length of 
horns 2.4, width of carapace including 
spines 13.6, excluding spines 13.3 mm. 

Range.—Cuba; Antigua; Barbados. 

Material examined. — Fic. 144.—MICROPHRYS INTERRUPTUS 

Ensenada de Cajon, off Cape San (48753), BASAL ANTENNAL ARTICLE, 
Antonio, Cuba; May 22-23, 1914; station *'° 
11, Tomas Barrera Expedition; Henderson and Bartsch, collectors; 1 
male, holotype (48753), with Rhizocephalid parasite attached to 
abdomen. 

Fort Barclay, English Harbor, Antigua; July 9, 1918; Barbados- 
Antigua Exped., Univ. Iowa; 1 male, 1 young female (Mus. 5S. U. [.). 

Needham Point, Barbados; May 18, 1918; Barbados-Antigua 
Exped., Univ. Iowa; 1 male (Mus. S. U. L.). 





MICROPHRYS TRIANGULATUS (Lockington) 
Plate 177 


Mithraculus triangulatus Locx1neton, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, 
1876 (1877), p. 73 [11] (type-locality, Gulf of California; types not extant). 
Mithraz triangulatus Krnesury, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 20, 1879, 


p. 149. 
Microphrys triangulatus Ratupun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, 


. 578. 
ee soni branchialis RatHBUN, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1902, 
p. 285 (part: specimens from Galapagos Islands). 

Diagnosis.—Carapace short and broad, nodulose, nodules almost 
smooth. Three marginal teeth or lobes on basal segment of antenna. 

Chelipeds of male very long and strong, palms high. 
Description.—Carapace little longer than broad, thick and nodulose, 
the nodules ornamented sparingly with low granules, so as to appear 


506 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


almost smooth. The largest nodule is the anterior branchial, which 
is oblique, elongate and overhangs the lateral wall of the carapace. 
Behind and below this lobe there is a short blunt spine or lobe at 
the lateral angle of the carapace. The most prominent granules are 
on the anterior portion of the carapace, namely, two on the summit 
of each protogastric lobe, a row of three on each epigastric lobe, one 
or two at base of each preorbital tooth. Two large tubercles on 
intestinal region, from each of which a submarginal line of granules 
extends outward. 

Rostrum short, deeply divided; horns broad, inner margin straight, 
outer margin convex, sinus narrow. Preorbital lobe little advanced, 
blunt, granulate; postorbital cup also little advanced. Basal antennal 

segment broad, bearing two broad blunt lobes on the margin, each 
lobe outwardly arcuate, also a small suba- 
cute tooth at the base of the next or 
movable segment, and a tubercle on the 
ventral surface near the postero-external 
angie. 

Chelipeds of male very strong, one and 
two-thirds times as long as carapace. Arm 
tuberculate on upper margin and inner and 
outer surfaces; wrist nearly smooth; palm 
unusually high, its upper length about one 
Fic, 145.—Micrormevs trancura. 224 two-thirds times its height; immovable 

TUs (21943), BASAL ANTENNAL ARTI finger a little convex below, a large tooth 
aay es on the dactyl a little behind middle of gape. 

Merus joints of legs with about two rows of large tubercles some 
of which are conical and subacute; a few of the same are on the 
carpus, from one to three of these being enlarged; two tubercles on 
each propodus. 

Oolor.—In spirits, uniform reddish (Lockington). 

Measurements.—Male (21943), entire length of carapace 15.4, 
length of horns 1.2, width of carapace between tips of postero-lateral 
tubercles or spines 14.3, length of cheliped 23.7, length of palm 
along upper margin 7.9, greatest width of palm 4.9 mm. 

Variation and affinity —A small male from the Galapagos has a 
sharp spine at the postero-lateral angle of the carapace, while some 
of the granules on the dorsal surface are sharper than usual. This 
gives it somewhat the appearance of MM. branchialis. Indeed there 
is a curious resemblance between the two species. MM. triangulatus 
looks like a branchialis with the carapace shortened and widened, 
especially the anterior portion, while the protuberances, which are of 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 507 


similar shape, are shoved up into greater prominence and their sur- 
faces smoothed off. i 

Range.—Lower part of Gulf of California; Galapagos Islands. 
Shallow water to 10 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 503. 


Genus TYCHE Bell S 


Tyche Brut, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 172; type, T. 
lamellifrons Bell; Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 2, 1836, p. 57.—A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 125. 

Glischirus GisteL, Natur. Thierreichs., 1848, p. XI; substituted for Tyche 
Bell, supposed to be preoccupied by T'ychus Leach, 1817. 

Platyrinchus DrsBONNE, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, 
1867, p. 3; type, P. trituberculatus Desbonne. 


Carapace oblong-oval, flattened, with lamellate expansions in front 
and behind; front very wide, with four horns, the two lateral forming 
anterior angles of orbit. Orbits covered by a lamellate prolongation 
which conceals the ocular peduncles nearly to their extremities; 
below there is no orbital floor, and the ocular peduncles are entirely 
uncovered. Antennae concealed beneath rostrum; basal segment 
somewhat enlarged, a small blunt point at its antero-external angle; 
following articles cylindrical. The external maxillipeds exhibit a 
very remarkable arrangement, not shown in any other genus: The 
external branch or exognath is narrow and has at its base a falci- 
form prolongation which is bent around forward and lodged in a 
groove of the ischium of the endognath. The merus is much extended 
backward and then inward so as to cut deeply the anterior border of 
the ischium. 

Chelipeds little enlarged. Ambulatory legs slender, with very 
hooked dactylh. 

Known only from the two species here described. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS TYCHE 


A!. Preorbital horns subparallel. Posterior margin of carapace not medially 


MIOUCH COs tt tpn SE fae ip el ee ees dy 8 lamellifrons, p. 508. 
A?. Preorbital horns strongly divergent. Posterior margin of carapace medially 
TNC OLN GN Ss 8c a a oa ed eras FB Se PE ey emarginata, p. 508. 


Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: emarginata 
(Atlantic); lamellifrons (Pacific). 


508 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


TYCHE LAMELLIFRONS Bell 
Plate 273, figs. 1-6 


Tyche lamellifrons Brew, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 3, 1835 (1836), p. 
173 (type-locality, Panama; type in Brit. Mus.); Trans. Zool. Soc. London, 
vol. 2, 1836, p. 58, pl. 12, figs. 3, 3f-7.—Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. 
New York, vol. 10, 1871, p. 97—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 
1878, p. 126. 

Tyche brevipostris {for brevirostris] Lockineton, Proc. California Acad. Sci., 
vol. 7, 1876 (1877), p. 74 [12] (type-locality, Port Escondido, Gulf of 
California; type not extant). 

Diagnosis.—Preorbital horns subparallel. Posterior margin of 
carapace entire or faintly trilobate. Posterior half of carapace, 
measured from median gastric tubercle, as wide as long. 

Description.—General aspect that of a dried leaf (Lockington). 
Carapace very wide in front; gastric region swollen, cardiac and 
branchial regions depressed. Lateral borders straight and nearly 
parallel at hepatic regions, rounded at branchial regions. Posterior 
border lamellate. Front with two small, flat horns curved toward 
each other, extremities bispinose. The superior orbital border 
extends in the form of a plate over the eye and projects nearly for- 
ward in a strong horn. <A deep fissure separates orbit from hepatic 
margin. 

Chelipeds of male slender, smooth, shorter than the next pair of 
legs; fingers touching only at their extremity. Ambulatory legs very 
slender and cylindrical. 

Color.—A dull, uniform brown, paler beneath (Bell). 

Measurements.—Male, cotype (Bell), length of carapace including 
rostrum 7 lines (17.8 mm.), width 4 lines (10.2 mm.). Ovigerous 
female (Paris Mus.), length 23.1, width 14.2 mm. 

Range.—¥From Gulf of California to Panama; on sandy bottom 
(Bell). To a depth of 10 fathoms. 

Material examined.— 

Gulf of California; lat. 24° 22’ 15’’ N.; long. 110° 19’ 15’’ W.; 7 
fathoms; brk. Co.; April 30, 1888; station 2825, Albatross; 1 male 
(21905). 

Lower California; Diguet, collector; 1 ovigerous female (Paris 


Mus.). 


TYCHE EMARGINATA White 
Plate 272; plate 273, figs. 7-12 


Tyche emarginata Wuitr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 20, 1847, p. 206 (type- 
locality, West Indies; type in Brit. Mus.).—Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. 
Zool., vol. 2, 1871, p. 119.—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex. 
1873, pl. 18, figs. 1-1le; 1878, p. 126.—Avrivittius, K. Svenska Vetensk.— 
Akad. Handl., vol. 23, No. 4, 1889, p. 43, pl. 3, fig. 4. 

Platyrinchus trituberculatus DESBONNE, in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. 
Guadeloupe, 1867, p. 3, pl. 3, figs. 7 and 8 (type-locality, Guadeloupe at 
Moule, Northwest Bay; type probably not extant). 


509 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 





























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510 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


lated and compressed; fingers gaping at base, dentate throughout 
their whole length. Dactyli of ambulatory legs spinulous on their 
middle third, the spinules increasing in size distally. 

Stout hooked hairs ornament the rostrum, the prominent parts of 
the carapace and the feet. 

Color.—General color yellowish-gray; carapace greenish above, 
with two triangular white spots; blackish above the base of the legs 
(Desbonne). 

Measurements.—Female, length of carapace 35, width 21 mm. 
(A. Milne Edwards). 

Range.—West coast of Florida to Bahamas, West Indies and 
Cape St. Roque, Brazil. Shallow water to 20 fathoms. 

Material eramined.See table, page 509. 

Other records.—Tortugas (A. Milne Edwards); St. Thomas 
(Aurivillius) ; Guadeloupe (Desbonne). 


Family PARTHENOPIDAE 


Parthenopiens and Cancériens cryptopodes MiuNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. 
Crust., vol. 1, 1834, pp. 347 and 368. 
Parthenopinea Dana, U. 8. Explor. Exped., vol. 18, Crust., 1852, pp. 77 and 
136. 
Parthenopinea and Parthenopidae Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., 
vol. 14, 1879, pp. 649 and 667. 
Parthenopidae Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, p. 257.— 
BorRaDAILE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, 1907, p. 480. 
Chelipeds not specially mobile, usually much longer and heavier 
than the other legs, and with fingers bent on the hand at an angle 
towards the side on which the fixed finger is set. Second article of 
antennae small, short, and not fused with epistome or front. Orbits 
well made. Hooked hairs almost always wanting. Male openings 
coxal. The palp of the external maxillipeds is articulated at the 
antero-internal angle of the merus. (Borradaile.) 
The family is divided into two subfamilies, the Parthenopinae and 
the Eumedoninae. All of the genera represented in American waters 
belong to the first, which is much the larger subfamily. 


Subfamily PARTHENOPINAE 
Parthenopinae Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 14, 1879, p. 668. 


Carapace commonly equilaterally-triangular, sometimes subpen- 
tagonal or ovate-pentagonal, and sometimes semicircular or semiel- 
liptical in outline; cardiac and gastric regions usually so deeply 
marked off from the branchial regions on either side as to make the 
dorsal surface of the carapace trilobed; chelipeds vastly longer and 
more massive than the ambulatory legs; rostrum simple or obscurely 
trilobed. (Alcock.) 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA Sil 


KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF THE FAMILY PARTHENOPIDAE 


A!. Carapace not laterally expanded over the ambulatory legs. 
B'. Carapace tuberculate or eroded. 
C'!. Basal antennal article short, not reaching front. Merus of cheliped 
NOD UNI SDs AADC Mee ae age cee a ae Parthenope, p. 511. 
D!'. Chelipeds more than twice as long as carapace. 

E!. Carapace ovate-pentagonal, surface little carinate in adult. 
Subgenus Parthenope, p. 513. 
E?. Carapace carinate or tuberculate, broadly triangular, with more or 
less, rounded ‘sidestu2 2424) oe Subgenus Platylambrus, p. 516. 
D?. Chelipeds less than twice as long as carapace, stout and contorted. 
Subgenus Pseudolambrus, p. 528. 
C*. Basal antennal article rather long, reaching or nearly reaching orbital 


hiatus. 
D!. Merus of cheliped thigh-shaped, tapering distally. Manus more 
"SH ETAG (ET ie ek, ed ha toe ie ag AAT Thyrolambrus, p. 531. 
D*. Merus subtriangular in cross-section, not tapering distally. Manus 
SCOULEIE ee ee Se a Te Se ences ee Tutankhamen, p. 530. 


B?. Carapace smooth, except for a few strong spines. 
C!, Efferent branchial channels opening at sides of endostome (as is cus- 
tomary in the Oxyrhyncha). 
D!. Carapace high, without a strong lateral spine__Solenolambrus, p. 534. 
D?. Carapace depressed, with a strong lateral spine__Leiolambrus, p. 543. 
C?, Efferent branchial channels opening at middle of endostome, as in 
piles went see! ee Se YA A we ee Mesorhoea, p. 546. 
A®. Carapace more or less expanded to form a vault in which the ambulatory 
legs are concealed. 
B!. Carapace oval, expanded laterally but not posteriorly. No ridge on 
PLeEy POStOMIAN TEOTONs ee ee ee eee Se ee Cee Aethra, p. 550. 
B?. Carapace subtriangular or pentagonal. 
C!. Carapace greatly expanded both laterally and posteriorly. Pterygos- 
tomian region smooth, not ridged_____-___-_---- Cryptopodia, p. 553. 
C*, Carapace expanded laterally but not posteriorly. Pterygostomian and 
subhepatic regions traversed by a granulate or crenulate ridge. 
Heterocrypta, p. 554. 
Genus PARTHENOPE Weber 


Parthenope Wrxser, Nomenclator entomologicus, 1795, p. 92; type, P. 
longimanus (Linnaeus).—RatuBwn, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 17, 
1904, p. 171. Not Parthenope Fabricius, Entom. Syst., Suppl., 1798, 

see 

io Leacu, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 11, 1815, pp. 308 and 310; 
type, L. longimanus (Linnaeus).—Atcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 
vol. 64, 1895, p. 259, and synonymy. 

Carapace either broadly triangular or ovate-pentagonal with short, 
pointed front. Surface granular, tubercular, or spiny. Eyes in- 
closed in distinct orbits, with a suture above and hiatus below, the 
hiatus occupied by the second joint of antennal peduncle. The 
antennules fold obliquely. Antennae small; their basal joint, which 
is extremely short and does not reach the front, is wedged in between 
the antennulary fossa and the large lobe that constitutes floor of 
orbit. Buccal frame usually quadrangular, sometimes a little nar- 


512 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


rowed in front; completely closed by the external maxillipeds. Cheli- 
peds usually of immense size and length, out of all proportion to the 
short, slender ambulatory legs; arm and hand usually prismatic 
with the borders strongly dentate; fingers much shorter than palm 
and abruptly curved inward and a little downward. (After Alcock.) 

A large genus ranging from the continental slope off southern 
New England to southern Brazil, from western Mexico to Panama 
and Galapagos Islands, and throughout the Indo-Pacific region, the 
Mediterranean sea and eastern Atlantic Ocean. 


KEY TO THE AMERICAN SUBGENERA AND SPECIES OF THE GENUS PARTHENOPE 


A!. Chelipeds more than twice as long as carapace. 
B'. Carapace ovate-pentagonal, surface little carinate in adult. 
Subgenus Parthenope, p. 513. 
C!. Second segment of abdomen trilobed, lobes conspicuous in dorsal view. 


Avslendenmspine ati tip of rostrum. __-_. 22-22 ae agonus, p. 513. 

C?. Lobes or teeth of abdomen invisible in dorsal view. No slender spine at 
Tip \OF : TOSI lis aA BAN Eh Se teehee hyponca, p. 514. 

B?. Carapace carinate or tuberculate, broadly triangular, with more or less 
FOMNC EG! Sides. {acs Mer wna Rule reer. Subgenus Platylambrus, p. 516. 

C!, Carapace and chelipeds very flat; spine at end of main, dorsal branchial 
Pidgessmmaly ye fn Whe RE OT iol ae ke eed serrata, p. 516. 


C2, Carapace very convex; spine at end of main, dorsal branchial ridge large. 
Chelipeds not flat. 
D'. Three larger tubercles on posterior margin, one of which is median. 
E!, Carapace much broader than long. Manus with 8 to 10 teeth on 
inner and 10 to 12 on outer margin. 
F!. Inner oblique row of tubercles on branchial region depressed, 
situated in branchio-cardiac fossa__________pourtalesii, p. 521. 
F?, Inner oblique row of tubercles on branchial region elevated. 
exilipes, p. 5238. 
E*. Carapace not much, if any, broader than long. Manus with few 
good-sized marginal teeth, 6 to 8 on inner, and 3 to 5 on outer 
TOUT OUT pe ie i rn ep ok peal et ye pu lh fraterculus, p. 525. 
D*. Four larger tubercles on posterior margin, those of inner pair on each 
side of middle. 
E!. Carapace two-fifths broader than long. Marginal teeth elongate, 


SUbacutevspimiformig! uae eye ye eee depressiuscula, p. 524. 
E?, Carapace narrower, two-sevenths broader than long.. Marginal 
teeth shorter, suboblong, blunt, lobiform_-----_- guerini, p. 525. 


A*. Chelipeds less than twice as long as carapace, stout and contorted. 
Subgenus Pseudolambrus, p. 528. 
B!. Antero-lateral margins oblique and nearly straight, without distinct angle. 
Upper margins of palm 8- or 9-toothed_---_---------- triangula, p. 528. 
B*. Antero-lateral margins distinctly angled, the outer part parallel with axis 
of body. Upper margins of palm respectively 4- and 6-toothed. 
excavata, p. 529. 


ANALOGOUS SPECIES ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE CONTINENT 


Atlantic Pacific 


pourtalesii. exilipes. 
guerini. depressiuscu la. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 513 


Subgenus PARTHENOPE 


Lambrus A. Mrune Epwarps (restricted), Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p.-146; 


’ 


type, L. longimanus.—Mrxrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 
92 (part).—Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soe. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, p. 260. 
Parthenope Rataspun, K. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrifter, 7 Raekke, 
naturv. og math., Afd. 5, No. 4, 1910, p. 319. 
Carapace ovate-pentagonal or subcircular, with the surface granu- 
lar or pustular and but little carinate in the adult; rostrum usually 
exceedingly short. 


PARTHENOPE (PARTHENOPE) AGONUS (Stimpson) 
Plates 178 and 179; plate 275, figs. 1-3 


Lambrus agonus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodél., vol. 2, 1871, p. 131 
(type-localities, off the Marquesas, off Carysfort Reef, off Conch Reef, 
40 and 49 fathoms; types not extant)—A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. 
Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 151; 1879, pl. 28, figs. 3-3c. 
Diagnosis.—Carapace subcircular. A ventral spine on each 
side opposite cheliped. Chelipeds very long; four or nearly four 
times as long as carapace. Second segment 
of abdomen conspicuously three-lobed. 
Description.—Carapace ovate-pentagonal 
or subcircular, about one-fifth broader than 
long, with rounded sides, without angles; 
a moderate postorbital constriction, which, 
however, does not involve a prominent, 
dentate, pterygostomian ridge which con- 
tinues from the lower orbit to a point 
above the cheliped. Depressions between 
regions not remarkably deep. Surface \ 
coarsely punctate or eroded, and with 
numerous granules and tubercles; the larger 
tubercles more or less spiniform and arranged 


a 


as follows: Five on gastric region, of which ak 
four are near the middle in a transverse —~ 
line, and the other, larger, on median line, Sa eR lore eat 
further back; three in a longitudinal row on (51009), MAXILLIPED, X 11.7 


cardiac region; one on each side of urocardiac 

lobe; five on each branchial region, the posterior one being prolonged 
in a spine; one on each hepatic region. The antero-lateral margin 
of branchial region is armed with six small teeth; below and behind 
the last a broad triangular tooth; and still lower down and on the 
ventral surface a stout spine visible between the ischia of the cheliped 
and first leg. Median rostral tooth narrow and produced; a few 
denticles at its base on either side, and an acute forward-pointing 
tooth over each antennular cavity. Several spines on outer margin 
of orbit and a small spine on upper surface of eye. 


514 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Chelipeds very long and slender (the arm about 1.33 times width 
of carapace), their upper surface finely rugose; an irregular row of 
dentiform tubercles near middle of upper surface of arm, and wrist 
and nearer outer margin of hand; inner and outer margins of arm 
and wrist with similar tubercles; upon upper margin of hand a series 
of 18 or 20 irregular teeth, increasing generally in size to a point near 
the fingers, where they diminish; on the outer margin 4 to 6 larger 
teeth and many intermediate smaller ones. Legs long, for the 
genus (first one reaching end of wrist), slender, bare and almost 
smooth, having only some faint indications of spinules on upper 
margins of merus joints. A conical spine or tubercle on each side 
of sternum near base of chelipeds; another on coxal joint of chelipeds. 
The second segment of abdomen has a sharp transverse crest, forming 
a prominent lobe in the center and a tooth on each side. 

Measurements.—Male (15173), length of carapace 15.4, width of 
same 18.6, length of arm 24.2 mm 

Variation.—The rostrum may be broadly triangular, subentire, 
instead of tridentate with marginal denticulations. In the young 
the pterygostomian ridge is less developed anteriorly and the postor- 
bital constriction is more evident, causing a resemblance to the 
subgenus Rhinolambrus A. Milne Edwards.*” 

Range.—North Carolina; Gulf of Mexico along the coast of Florida 
to Florida Straits and Cape Florida; West Indies; Trinidad. pe die 
25 to 115 fathoms. 

Material excamined.—See table, page 515. 


PARTHENOPE (PARTHENOPE) HYPONCA (Stimpson) 
Plate 275, figs. 4-6 


Lambrus hyponcus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871, 
p. 100 [127], (type-locality, Panama; type not extant).—A: Minne Ep- 
warps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 153, pl. 30, figs. 3-3b. 

Parthenope (Parthenope) hyponcus RatHBun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 38, 
1910, p. 576. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace broadly ovate. Rostrum broadly triangular 
at extremity. Merus joints of ambulatories with entire margins 
except extremity of fourth; dactyli naked. 

Description.—Carapace eel posterior region being well 
developed and prominent. One low Givers on gastric region, two 
large, prominent ones on cardiac region, one small, spiniform one on 
posterior margin at median line, and two rather large ones on branchial 
region, the posterior of which is taller and close to postero-lateral 
margin. Besides these tubercles there are several other, minute ones, 
roughly arranged in 8 or 10 longitudinal rows. General surface 
covered with crowded punctures; two or three small pits in depression 





57 Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 148. 





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516 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


between branchial and gastric regions. Antero-lateral margin 
behind cervical sulcus armed with eight triangular, denticulated 
teeth, the posterior one but little longer than the others which are 
equal. Front smooth; rostrum of moderate size, subtriangular, 
deflexed, sides slightly concave, unarmed, apex obtuse. Chelipeds 
long, surface smooth above except of merus which has a median 
tuberculated ridge; edges of merus, carpus and manus armed with 
small teeth, which on superior edge of merus are spiniform; outer 
edge of manus with 16 teeth alternating in size; below, the chelipeds 
are smooth and glabrous except inner edges which are tuberculated; 
tubercles small. Sternum with a strongly prominent, almost capitate 
tubercle on each side at base of chelipeds, which also bear a small 
tubercle on basal joint; these four tubercles are somewhat flattened 
at top and bent forward. In the female abdomen the segments are 
each armed with a transverse ridge, more or less developed; on second 
and third joints this ridge is strongly toothed and on penult joint it 
appears in form of a median tubercle. (After Stimpson.) 

Measurements.—Sterile female, holotype, length of carapace 15.2, 
width of same 17.2, proportion 1: 1.13; length of merus of cheliped 
15.2 mm. (After Stimpson.) Specimen from Mazatlan, sex not 
given, length of carapace 29, width of same 32, length of arm 30, of 
hand 832 mm. (After A. Milne Edwards.) 

Range.—Mazatlan, Mexico (A. Milne Edwards); Panama (type- 
locality). 

Subgenus PLATYLAMBRUsS Stimpson 


Platylambrus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zod6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 129; type, 
Lambrus crenulatus Saussure, 1858=Z. serratus Milne Edwards, 1834.— 
A. Mitnze Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 146. 
Enoplolambrus A. MiunE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 147; type, 
L. carenatus Milne Edwards. 
Lambrus Mismrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 92 (part). 
Carapace carinated or tuberculated, broader than long, broadly 
triangular with rounded sides and a broad but acute and projecting 
rostrum; no postocular constriction; chelipeds with the meropodite 
and palm straight, the former joint prismatic, the latter sharply 
trigonal, the anterior and posterior borders of both joints sharply 
laciniate or serrate, as is also the outer edge of the carpus. (Alcock.) 


PARTHENOPE (PLATYLAMBRUS) SERRATA (Milne Edwards) 
Plates 180 and 181; plate 275, figs. 7-10 


Lambrus serratus MitNr Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 357, 
not synonymy (type-locality, l’Océan indien [by error]; type in Paris 
Mus.). Not Lambrus serratus White, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 12. 

Lambrus lupoides Wurte, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 12, nomen nudum 
(type-locality, West Indies; type in Brit. Mus.). 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 517 


Lambrus crenulatus SaussurE, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, vol. 
14, 1858, p. 429 [13], pl. 1, figs. 4, 4a (type-locality, les mers des Antilles; 
type in Geneva Mus.).—DrsBonnr and Scuramm, Crust. Guadeloupe, 
1867, p. 21.—Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 129.— 
GuNpDLACH and TorRrALBAs, An. Acad. Habana, vol. 36, 1899 (1900), p. 
301, text-fig. on p. 303; reprint, 1917, p. 12, pl. [2], fig. 5. 

Lambrus melanodactylus DESBONNE in Desbonne and Schramm, Crust. 
Guadeloupe, 1867, p. 21 (type-locality, Guadeloupe; type in Guadeloupe 
Mus.?). 

Platylambrus crenulatus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, 

. 129. 

Pa wariide serratus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 156 
pl. 30, figs. 1-1c. 

Lambrus granulatus Kinestey, Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. 20 
1879, p. 150 (type-locality, Tortugas, Florida, 9 fathoms; cotype in 
U. S. Nat. Mus.). 

Parthenope (Platylambrus) crenulata Verriuu, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts 
and Sci., vol. 13, 1908, p. 417, pl. 28, fig. 5. 

Parthenope crenulata VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 26, 
1922, p. 155, text-fig. 12. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace flattened, with a large lateral spine. Sub- 
orbital and subhepatic regions deeply and smoothly excavated. 
Chelipeds over three times in male, two and a half times in female, 
as long as carapace, multidentate. 

Description.—Carapace depressed, about one and a half times as 
broad as long, antero-lateral margin of branchial region very convex, 
separated by a long, flat, outward-pointing spine from the concave 
postero-lateral margin, posterior margin wide and slightly convex. 
Elevations ornamented with numerous unequal, granulated tubercles, 
some of those on branchial regions sharp. The deepest depression 
is that between gastric and branchial regions. Rostrum short, 
channeled, tridentate; below and outside each lateral tooth a smaller, 
narrower tooth. Seven or eight triangular teeth on the branchial 
margin in advance of the lateral spine. Of the tubercles on the 
posterior and postero-lateral margins seven are noticeably larger 
than the others, and each terminates a longitudinal or oblique line of 
tubercles. An excavation of pterygostomian and subhepatic regions 
reaches infero-exterior margin of orbit, forming, when the chelipeds 
are retracted, covered afferent passages, the external apertures of 
which are seen between base of finger and margin of orbit. Cheli- 
peds long and flattened, lower face smooth, outer margin coarsely 
serrated, nine teeth, alternately large and small, on hand; teeth of 
inner margin smaller and more numerous (15 or 16 on hand); upper 
surface showing a few tubercles on hand but more on arm, where there 
is a longitudinal row near middle. Legs slightly spinulous, in the 
main smooth; first pair not reaching end of arm. Abdomen of male 
with segments three to five fused, segment six with a median spine. 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


518 


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522 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


65 and 86 fathoms; types, Cat. No. 7308, U.S.N.M.); Rept. U. S. 
Commr. of Fish and Fisheries for 1885 (1886), p. 628 [24], pl. 2, fig. 2. 

Lambrus ponstalesi [error for pourtalesi}] GuNDLACH and ToRRALBAS, An. 
Acad. Habana, vol. 36, 1899 (1900), text-fig. on p. 302; reprint, 1917, 
pl. [2], fig. 4. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace high; regions deeply separated; two large 
marginal spines, one at lateral angle and one at end of branchial 
ridge. Arms not flat above. Dactyli of legs furred. 

Description.—Carapace broadly ovate-triangular, convex, the 
branchial regions rather deeply separated from gastric, cardiac, and 
hepatic regions; the longest spine is at the postero-lateral angle, and 
has one or two spines at its base; this is not the widest part of the 
carapace; hepatic margin armed with a small but prominent spine; 
antero-lateral margin after the cervical suture convex and armed with 
eight or nine teeth and spines, the first three or four shorter than the 
next five; post-lateral margin armed with three or four unequal spines 
besides the large one on the ridge; posterior margin with three larger 
and several smaller spines. General surface pitted and granulated 
and covered especially in the elevated parts with granulated tubercles 
of various sizes; the largest ones are disposed as follows: Four on me- 
dian line, of which one is gastric, one genital, and two cardiac; two 
on branchial ridge in line with longest lateral spine. In the branchio- 
cardiac depressions there are two smaller tubercles on each side form- 
ing a rectangle; there is a tendency to form several rows of tubercles 
on branchial regions. Front with a long narrow obtuse tooth with 
a denticle on each side, a subacute basal tooth, and below and out- 
side the latter, a short spine. Lower surface granulated and tuber- 
culated. 

Chelipeds long and very rough, armed with laciniated teeth and 
spines; merus convex above and bearing a row of unequal spines, 
posterior margin armed with four or five large spines on proximal 
half, one near distal end, anterior margin with four or five larger 
spines and several smaller; the wrist has its largest spine at inner 
angle; hand with about 10 or 12 triangular spines on outer margin 
and 8 or 10 on inner margin, broader than those on outer, particularly 
toward fingers. Merus joints of legs spinulous and also carpus and 
propodus of last pair; dactyli furred. A tubercle on the sternum at 
base of cheliped and each of legs 1-3. A large tubercle in middle of 
each of second to sixth abdominal somites, and a conical tubercle at 
extremity of segments 2 and 3. 

Color.—Palms pinkish brown with suggestion of banding. (Hen- 
derson.) 

Measurements.—Male (48883), length of carapace 36.3, width of 
same 47, length of cheliped 122 mm. 























THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 523 














Material examined of Parthenope (Platylambrus) exilipes 











sono (Me Variation. Varies much in 
2 eu ete number and prominence of tuber- 
s Sue 5. cles and teeth and in constriction 
2 Soy ie a> : * 4 
es -s 6 &: and ornamentation of rostrum; 
BM, te the elevations of the carapace may 
; Dita Oe: ba of be spines or tubercles. 
a oe west Range.—From the latitude of 
= a ae New Jersey to Grenada. Depth, 
ROE ae seine 10 to 134 fathoms. 
n be ROAeig ot Material examined.—See table, 
é : $ boii of | pages 520-521. 
3 tp Se) alee nt ' 
: Pepe pencaphy: PARTHENOPE (PLATYLAMBRUS) EXILIPES 
® ® ® nae 2 (Rathbun) 
i $+ i ii 1 | plates 184 and 185; plate 277, figs. 1 
8 SRT MAES 3)'7.. and 2 
3 Si eid eer) 
= = s g sg g Lambrus (Parthenolambrus) exilipes 
Sites ae tet RaTHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 
a ee vol. 16, 1893, p. 234 (type-locali- 
gs 2 a 3 eS z ty, off San Domingo Point, Lower 
Bay Wail it, California, 74 fathoms; holotype, 
8 F BB & Cat. No. 17365, U.S.N.M.). 
2 Sin aie Sag oN ‘Lambrus hassleri Faxon, Bull. Mus. 
es BER HS Comp. Zoél., vol. 24, 1893, p. 
<2 <4 26 < 152 (type-locality, Albatross sta- 
S ie aoe is tions 3368 and 3427, 66 and 80 
2 As Rk oe fathoms; cotypes, Cat. No. 20599, 
ee U.S.N.M., and Cat. No. 4481, 
g Pata icids ahaa, M.C.Z.); Mem. Mus. Comp. 
$ toc es Zo6l., vol. 18, 1895, p. 14, pl. 3, 
a 3 2 2 oe *n figs. 1, la. 
as Diagnosis—Near  pourtalesii; 
BE “oe one | | carapace broader; branchial re- 
gions more expanded and inflated, 
3 ET et ce eae ee the inflation extending farther in 
1 DE Rake ini: toward the cardiac area so as to 
as Sia Pk involve the oblique row of small 
5 
: 3 S02 et ee tubercles, which in pourtalesii lies 
—4 | °5 8 8 88 <5 low in the fossa between branchial 
z Ma ik Eos his and cardiac regions; interregional 
z g 3 | 3 depressions shallower; branchial 
Base bss pits deeper; a transversely-oblique 
2 eegsi '2 =. | line of tubercles across anterior 
3 e202 #2 2 | branchialregion more conspicuous, 
a Bec e&..25 x spines and teeth of carapace and 
BSrerses= 22  chelipedsshorterandstouter, those 
g z &° | on chelipeds not laciniated to 


524 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


such a degree; anterior margin of carpus and propodus of all the legs 
finely spinulous or denticulate. 

Measurements.—Female (21966), length of carapace 29.7, width of 
same 40.3, length of cheliped 76.4 mm. 

Range.—¥ rom west coast of Lower California, Mexico, to Panama 
and the Galapagos Islands. Depth, 31 to 80 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 523. 


PARTHENOPE (PLATYLAMBRUS) DEPRESSIUSCULA (Stimpson) 
Plate 188 


Lambrus depressiusculus Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10 
1871, p. 101 [128] (type-locality, Manzanillo, Mexico; type not extant) .— 
A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 155. 


Diagnosis.—Branchial region elongate. A long spine at end of 
branchial ridge and at lateral angle. No large median tubercle on 
posterior margin. No spine on rostrum below lateral teeth. 

Description.—Body depressed though much less so than in P. 
serrata. Carapace two-fifths broader than long, regions moderately 
prominent, the cardiac region most so; surface covered with scattered, 
berried tubercles, irregular in size. Branchial region broadly ex- 
panded. Lateral margin armed with 14 or 15 spiniform, granulated 
teeth; two of these are in front of the cervical suture, and five on the 
post-lateral margin; of the latter, the second is the longest of all, 
recurved, and is at the end of the branchial ridge. The spine at the 
lateral angle, at the widest part of the carapace, is a little longer than 
those on either side of it. Intestinal region broad, projecting but little 
beyond line of postero-lateral angles; it is bordered by seven tubercles, 
of which the end ones are the largest and the two either side of the 
median one next in size. Frontal region concave; rostrum small, 
triangular or trilobate, horizontal. Subhepatic and pterygostomian 
regions moderately guttered. Upper surface of merus of cheliped 
armed with a row of about five unequal tubercles; margins of merus 
and manus armed with numerous spiniform teeth, of which there are 
10 or 11 on outer margin of hand; teeth granulated like those of 
carapace but not ramose; beneath, the hands are ornamented with 
longitudinal rows of small, smooth tubercles, largest along inner edge 
and fading out toward exterior margin. Legs slightly compressed, not 
cristate, smooth and unarmed; last two and a half joints furred. A 
small, slender spine on penult joint of male abdomen; female abdomen 
furred. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 21.6, width 
including spines 29.2, length of hand 28.7 (Stimpson). Female oviger- 
ous (17866), length of carapace 26.4, width including spines 35.2, 
length of hand 28.8 mm. 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 525 


Range.—Manzanillo, Mexico; Panama. 
Material examined.—Panama; purchased of Henry A. Ward; 2 
females (1 ovigerous) (17866). 


PARTHENOPE (PLATYLAMBRUS) GUERINI (Brito Capello) 
Plate 190, fig. 1; plate 191; plate 278, fig. 4 
Lambrus crenatus Wutite, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 12 (type-locality, 
West Indies; type, Cat. No. 45.7a, Brit. Mus.); nomen nudum. 
Lambrus Guérini Brito CapELuo, Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. e Nat. de Lisboa, 
vol. 3, 1871, p. 264, pl. 3, fig. 5 (type-locality, Ilha Mauricia; type in Mus. 
Nac. Lisbon).—Moretrra, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, vol. 11, 1901, 
p. 61 (State of S. Paulo and Rio de Janeiro). 
Lambrus guérinii var.? Muprs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 96. 
Diagnosis.—Analogous to P. depressvuscula. Body thicker, and 
narrower, two-sevenths broader than long, depressions deeper- 
anterior part of branchial elevation high, prominent, forming a semi, 
detached nodule. Tubercles of carapace and chelipeds coarser than 
in depressiuscula and marginal teeth stouter and shorter, more 
lobiform than spiniform. While the arrangement of tubercles is 
almost identical, there is a row of tubercles and granules in front of 
the posterior margin, which is almost wholly absent from depressius- 
cula. The posterior margin is a little more arcuate, and the large 
tubercle at either end is very much larger than the intermediate 
tubercles. Front wider, more inclined and distinctly trilobed. Basal 
half of fingers with more numerous fine granules. 
Measurements.—Female (Ilha Victoria), length of carapace 31.3, 
width of same 40.4, length of hand 30.3 mm. 
Range.—West Indies and Bahia (Miers) to State of Sao Paulo, 
Brazil; Mauritius. 
Material examined.— 
Ilha Victoria, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Fr. Giinther, collector; 1 female 
(55783). 
Ubatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil; E. Garbe, collector; 1 female, lent by 
Mus. Paulista (Cat. No. 331). 


PARTHENOPE (PLATYLAMBRUS) FRATERCULUS (Stimpson) 
Plates 186 and 187; plate 190, fig. 2 
Lambrus fraterculus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 130 
(type-localities, off Sand Key, off Carysfort Reef, West of Tortugas, off 
Conch Reef, 26 to 68 fathoms; types not extant). 
Diagnosis.—Carapace subtriangular. Rostrum ending in a long, 
narrow tooth. A slender spine outside of and below lateral tooth of 
front. Merus joints of ambulatories with denticulated margins; 
dactyli furred. 
5487—25}——35 


526 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 





Description.—Carapace subtriangular, approximately four-sided, 
the postero-lateral margins continuous with ,the two sides of the 
posterior margin, and the long, antero-lateral margins in line with the 
rostral borders. Depressions separating branchial from cardiac and 
hepatic regions deep. <A narrow ridge connects cardiac and gastric 
regions and a wider ridge the branchial and hepatic regions, below 
which ridge there is a deep hollow, visible in side view. Prominences 
ornamented with a few large tubercles and spines, as follows: Three 
gastric in a triangle, the posterior the larger, one genital, two cardiac, 
the anterior the larger, three on branchial ridge, the posterior the 
longest. Front inclined about 45 degrees, ending in a narrow, blunt 
tooth, and on each side above the antennules a blunt tooth, outside 
and below which there is a small slender spine. A tubercle on each 
preorbital lobe. A large submarginal tubercle on subhepatic region, 
visible in dorsal view. Margin of branchial region in front of the 
ridge cut into 9 or 10 small teeth, the second or third from the last 
bemg more elongate; behind the ridge 2 or 3 small teeth. Posterior 
margin with three distant, equal teeth. A small, blunt tooth at 
inner lower angle of orbit; between it and angle of buccal cavity, 
a large tubercle. A row of five tubercles near outer margin of 
endognath. 

Chelipeds of male about two and a half times as long as carapace, 
rather slender, especially as to merus; inner, outer and upper margins 
of merus armed with a few, very unequal, stout spines; outer and 
inner margins of manus armed with triangular, denticulated and very 
unequal teeth, of which there are six or seven larger ones on inner 
margin and three or four on outer margin; on upper surface the largest 
tubercle is a large conical one at proximal third. Legs with merus 
joints denticulated and dactyli furred except at tip; carpus-propodus 
of last pair with two or three lobes above and five denticles below. 

Sternum and abdomen tuberculate, a large, transverse tubercle on 
each abdominal segment from second to sixth inclusive. 

Varvations.—Great variation in quality of spines and tubercles, 
regardless of sex; in some specimens, the prominences are low and 
blunt, in others high and sharp; in some, the margins of frontal lobes 
and of orbit are denticulate, in others they are entire or subentire. 
The amount of inclination of front is also variable. 

Color.—Uniform brick red; eggs bright red (Henderson). 

Measurements.—Male (9631), length of carapace 16.2, width of 
same 16.8; female (15177), length of carapace 16.3, width of same 
18.3 mm. 

Range.—Off Cape Fear, North Carolina; Gulf of Mexico along 
coast of Florida, eastward to Miami and westward to Yucatan, 
Mexico; Barbados. Depth, 4 to 90 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 527. 











527 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 





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528 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Subgenus PSEUDOLAMBRUS Paulson 


Pseudolambrus Pauuson, Investig. Crust. Red Sea, vol. 1, 1875, p. 9; type, 
P. calappoides (Adams and White). 

Parthenolambrus A. Minne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 148; 
type, P. tarpeius (Adams and White). 

Parthenopoides Miers, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 14, 1879, p. 
672; type, P. massena (Roux). 

Carapace semielliptical or semicircular, with a nearly straight pos- 
terior margin, the postero-lateral angles being strongly produced. 
Chelipeds of no great length, never sharply serrate, and with the 
arms and hands indefinitely contorted. Rostrum more or less de- 
flexed. (Alcock.) 


PARTHENOPE (PSEUDOLAMBRUS) TRIANGULA (Stimpson) 
Plate 278, figs. 1-3 


Lambrus triangulus Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, 
1860, p. 201 (type-locality, Cape St. Lucas; type not extant).—A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 152, pl. 31, figs. 1-le. 

Diagnosis.—Antero-lateral margins oblique and nearly straight, 
without an angle. Base of movable part of antenna protected by 
an over-arching tooth on each side, one on orbit, the other on epis- 
tome. Upper margins of palm 8- or 9-toothed. 

Description—Carapace an equilateral triangle, posterior margin 
nearly straight and scarcely exceeding antero-lateral sides in length; 
this results from the strong projection of the dentated posterior cor- 
ners of the branchial regions which almost conceal the ambulatory 
feet. Antero-lateral margin with about 12 very small granulated 
teeth of which 3 are on the small rounded hepatic region. Surface 
ornamented with conical tubercles variable in number and size. Ros- 
trum prominent, obtuse, triangular. Base of movable part of ex- 
ternal antennae protected on each side by an over-arching tooth, 
one arising from the lower margin of the orbit, the other from an- 
terior corner of epistome. Ischium of outer maxillipeds granulated, 
merus tuberculated. Chelipeds rather short, strongly angular and 
dentated; hand granulated below, but nearly smooth above between 
the crests, which are high and unevenly 8- or 9-toothed; teeth den- 
ticulated, middle one largest. Legs smooth and glabrous; dactyl 
pubescent. (After Stimpson.) 

Measurements.—Female, holotype, length of carapace 14, width of 
same 17.5 mm. 

Record of locality —Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico; 
John Xantus, collector; type not extant. 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 529 


PARTHENOPE (PSEUDOLAMBRUS) EXCAVATA (Stimpson) 
Plate 189 


Lambrus excavatus Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10 
1871, p. 98 [125] (type-locality, Manzanillo, Mexico; type not extant).— 
A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 154. 

Diagnosis.—Antero-lateral margins angled, the outer part parallel 
with axis of body. Five deep depressions on anterior half of body. 
Chelipeds deeply concave above, upper margins of palm 4- and 6- 
toothed. 

Description.—Carapace irregularly hexagonal, broader than long; 
antero-lateral margin concave, forming an angle with outer lateral 
margin which is nearly straight and parallel with axis of body and 
terminates posteriorly in a strongly projecting angle; postero-lateral 
margins slightly concave, forming a very obtuse angle with each 
other on account of the little projection of the intestinal region; 
periphery armed with teeth which are short, triangular, and regularly 
approximated on the antero-lateral and outer lateral margins but 
are longer, more spiniform and irregularly arranged on the postero- 
lateral margins. On the upper surface, besides the usual depression 
between cardiac and branchial regions there are four deep excava- 
tions in front of the latter region, two separating it from the hepatic 
and two from the gastric region; also a deep concavity on the frontal 
region, which is continued posteriorly for a short distance on the 
gastric region. Rostrum large, regularly triangular, deflexed to a 
right angle with general level of gastric region; margin unarmed or 
only obscurely toothed. Surface of protuberant parts of carapace 
covered with low, granulated tubercles. A row of three flat, triangu- 
lar spines on ventral surface behind cheliped. 

Chelipeds much shorter and stouter than in typical Parthenope, 
deeply concave above, concavity smooth or nearly so, and defined 
by prominent marginal crests, which, except on carpus, are strongly 
toothed; merus particularly short, anterior crest armed with three or 
four teeth, superior crest with only two large teeth, the outer much 
the largest; crest of superior margin of hand armed with six unequal 
approximated, triangular teeth, that of outer margin with two conical 
distant teeth besides the knob at each extremity, lower surface 
ornamented with four or five rows of granulated tubercles, those of 
middle row largest and most conspicuous; inner margin serrated with 
granulated teeth. Feet much compressed, crested above, margins 
dentate, dactyli furred. Each segment of female abdomen armed 
with short, setose, granulated tubercles, there being on segments 
two to six, a larger ridge-like tubercle in middle and four or five small 
ones on each side. (After Stimpson.) 


530 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Measurements—Female (3270), length of carapace 32.4, width 
of same 39.2, length of right arm 18.4, length of propodus of right 
cheliped 31.3 mm. 

Range.—Maunzanillo, Mexico. to Panama. 

Material examined.—Panama; Capt. John M. Dow, collector; 1 
female (3270). 

TUTANKHAMEN, new genus 


Type.— Mesorhoea cristatipes A. Milne Edwards. 

Diagnosis.—Having the dorsal aspect of Parthenope, but resembling 
Mesorhoea in its deep afferent channels. The channels, however, 
differ markedly from those of Mesorhoea in being shorter and deeper, 
bordered above by a laminar expansion of the hepatic and anterior 
branchial margins, below by a parallel lamina having an emargina- 
tion near the beginning of the branchial regions; the canals terminate 
in a cul-de-sac behind the orbit and open on the epistome by a fissure 
between the external angle of the thin lamina which forms the anterior 
edge of the buccal cavity and a sort of promonotory formed by the 
infero-internal angle of the orbit. Epistome spacious and very 
concave, separated by a thin ridge and a considerable interval from 
the antennules. 

Merus of maxilliped without the antero-internal angle produced 
forward in a point, as in Mesorhoea, or emarginated for the insertion 
of the palpus as in Parthenope. 

This genus, typified by the so-called Mesorhoea cristatipes, has no 
obvious resemblance to the true Mesorhoeas, which are Solenolambrus- 
like in dorsal view and were placed in that genus by A. Milne Edwards. 
The new genus is created at the suggestion of Prof. Bouvier, from 
whose detailed description of the ventral surface the above diagnosis 
is abstracted. 

TUTANKHAMEN CRISTATIPES (A. Milne Edwards) 
Plate 277, figs. 3-5 
Mesorhoea cristatipes A. Miune Epywarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1880, p. 352, 
pl. 314, figs. 6-6¢ (type-locality, St. Vincent, 124 fathoms; type in Paris 
Mus.); Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 8, 1880, p. 5—A. Miunge Epwarps 
and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoél., vol. 47, 1923, p. 359, pl. 10, fig. 3. 
Lambrus cristatipes RatuBuN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 
4, 1898, p. 261. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace subtriangular. Rostrum large, deeply tri- 
lobed. Lateral teeth small. Legs unarmed. 

Description.—Carapace smooth, outline almost triangular; gastric 
and cardiac regions very high forming a median elevation; three 
tubercles, one posterior and median, the others anterior and lateral, 
ornament the gastric region; two obtuse, median elevations on cardiac 


* 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 531 


region; branchial regions very swollen, bordered outwardly by a 
sharp crest which extends to the lateral angle. Front trilobed, 
medially much produced. Antero-lateral margins cut into many 
small teeth furnished with short hairs. Chelipeds long and strong; 
the arm has on its posterior border two or three large tubercles which 
are compressed and clothed with hair, and on its anterior border a 
sharp denticulated crest. The inner border of the hand bears a 
dentate crest, outer border sharp and cut into four large and well 
separated téeth. Two crests on upper border of movable finger. 
Fingers touching only at the tips, widely gaping. Legs entire, merus 
cristate above and below, carpus and propodus above. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 14, width of 
same 17, total width of crab with arms extended 74 mm. 

Range.—Pourtales Plateau, Florida Straits; St. Vincent, Wind- 
ward Islands. Depth, 124 to 200 fathoms. 

Material examined.—Pourtales Plateau; lat. 24° 16’ N.; long. 81° 
22’ W.; about 200 fathoms; June 27, 1893; station 56, State University 
of Iowa Expedition; 1 specimen (Mus. S. U. L.). 


Genus THYROLAMBRUS Rathbun 


Thyrolambrus RatuBwun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, Mar. 30, 1894, 
advance sheet, p. 1; July, 1894, p. 83; type, T. astroides Rathbun. 

Parthenomerus Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, p. 280; 
: type, P. efflorescens Alcock. 
Carapace broader than long, deeply eroded. Frontal and antero- 
lateral regions strongly deflexed. Surface covered with irregular 
pits. Basal joint of antenna elongate, reaching or nearly reaching 
level of inferior orbital hiatus. Maxillipeds broad, fitting close to- 
gether and filling the buccal cavity; ischium subrectangular pos- 
teriorly, inner anterior angle produced; merus broader than long, 
with a slight notch at antero-internal angle in which the first joint 
of palpus is fitted transversely; remainder of palpus concealed by 
merus. Chelipeds of moderate length; manus less stout than merus 
and armed on inner side with two rows of spines or long tubercles 
which are continued on the fingers. 

West coast of Mexico; off Havana; Indian Ocean; East Indian 
Archipelago; Australia. 
KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS THYROLAMBRUS 


Al. Reticulation of surface very rough, frost-like. Chelae slender, armed with 


two rows of long spines_-~_L~-.--.-.-.255—s+-==-<--5< astroides, p. 532. 
A2. Reticulation of surface nearly smooth. Chelae stout, armed with two rows 
of short spines or pointed teeth__-~--------------------- erosus, p. 533. 


Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: astroides 
(Atlantic) ; erosus (Pacific). 


532 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


THYROLAMBRUS ASTROIDES Rathbun 
Plate 196; plate 280, figs. 5 and 6 


Thyrolambrus astroides RaTHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, Mar. 30, 
1894, advance sheet, p. 1; July, 1894, p. 83 (type-locality, off Havana, 
Cuba, 67 and 189 fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 9507, U.S.N.M.). 

Thryolambrus [by error] astroides Nutrine, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. 
Iowa, vol. 3, 1895, p. 77, plate facing p. 76, fig. 2 (male). 

Parthenope (Parthenomerus) efflorescens Aucock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 
vol. 64, 1895, p. 281 (type-locality, Andaman Sea, 36 fathoms; type in 
Indian Mus.). 

Parthenope efflorescens Aucock, Illus. Zool. Investigator, Crust., pt. 4, 1896, 
pl. 22, figs. 5, 5a (female). 

Diagnosis.—Reticulation of surface very rough, frost-like. Pos- 
tero-lateral margins meeting posterior margin at an oblique angle; 
teeth acute. Chelae armed on the inner 
side with two rows of long spines. Hand 
slender; fingers slender, of subequal length. 

Description.—Entire surface covered 
with a lace-work or frosting, formed by the 
partial contact of very delicate crisply 
paxilliform granules (Alcock). Carapace 
about two-thirds as long as wide, thick, 
slightly wider at postero-lateral than at 
antero-lateral angles; frontal and antero- 
lateral regions almost perpendicular; pos- 
terior margin making a very oblique angle 
with postero-lateral margin. Besides the 
large pits everywhere present, there are 
other, larger depressions; a deep hollow 
between orbits is continued backward by a 
Mig, i TRyROLeMsEUS Ae Shallow, sulcus on the mesorastme renion: 

TROIDES (9515), MAXILLIPED, X 12 i : 4 

a deep depression at inner branchial angle; 
cardiac elevation small and nearly isolated; a deep linear furrow in 
front of posterior margin; hepatic region small and well defined. The 
granular ridges between pits are raised at intervals into small, acute 
tubercles. 

Rostrum arcuate in dorsal view, produced downward at the middle 
in a small, triangular, denticulate tooth which is prolonged backward 
to the interantennular septum. Orbits small, circular; eye-stalks 
covered with stellar granules and with a row of three or four spinules 
on the upper side next the cornea. Subhepatic region laterally pro- 
duced in a triangular tooth. Antero-lateral margin of branchial 
region armed with seven or eight small, granulated teeth, each with 
a median ridge, postero-lateral margin with three shallower, more 
distant teeth. Antero-internal angle of basal antennal joint barely 





Material examined of T'hyrolambrus astroides 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 533 




















5487—251——36 


eg | touching front. Endognath with a 
g - 3 longitudinal row of three spinules, 
g 5 2“ | two on ischium, one on merus. Ster- 
2 = oh . . 
m s 23 | num armed with a downward-point- 
2 3 : : . . 
= A ing spine at base of chelipeds, and in 
. Litho male is deeply hollowed in front of 
S POS aang : 
Zz os abdomen. Arm very stout in prox- 
3 pase |e imal two-thirds, and armed with a 
Sena a few acicular teeth on anterior and 
: Shia Tid upper surfaces; of these, two or three 
3 Uhsctow ‘ire are on the lower-inner and on the 
3 UC eaoeae | upper-inner border. Three teeth on 
= OOH inner margin of carpus. Spines of 
Th. propodus and dactylus number five 
7 it ing ii or six in lower and six or seven in 
3 g1Pa 1} upper series; they are curved inward 
= ee 3 aoe . . . 
8 Besse Si and directed distad. Fingers slender, 
F dye fet curved inward, tips prolonged in sharp 
38 | eee pet spines; prehensile edges armed with 
a mee St small, sharp, unequal teeth. Legs 
S13 f} very rough, margins dentate; dactyli 
3 ot ges 8 | armed with outstanding lobes and 
5 > ! . 
giks €: spines. ; 
ers Sere TS Measurements.—Female, holotype, 
5 | iat hae length of carapace 16, width of same 
eee 23.5, length of cheliped about 32 mm. 
= edi is hey SR Male (9515), length of carapace 14, 
3 Bid iat ft width of same 20, length of cheliped 
dssi ii about 34 mm. 
are Range.—Off Havana, Cuba; Mauri- 
Sa Cam RI tius; Andaman Sea. 36 to 200 
So : 
- os fathoms. 
~~ 1190 WY Lat . . 
3 Bee eS ites Material examined.—See table, 
2: |-saage || 
a a 3) page 533. 
Sila oS88or §! 
a Stee THYROLAMBRUS EROSUS Rathbun 
|e | :9986233 } 
eyes: De oe Soe Plate 197; plate 281, fig. 2 
Ba |o> aie Bee 
er. geste Thyrolambrus erosus RatHBuN, Proc. 
Fee nie gave e U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 
panne we 579, pl. 42, fig. 1 (type-locality, off 
: Cape St. Lucas, 31 fathoms; holo- 
z pe pity 1 type, Cat. No. 21577, U.S.N.M.). 
= | Sti 1 ' 1 . . . . 
3 Si} it Diagnosis.—Reticulation of surface 
A giti ts nearly smooth. Postero-lateral mar- 
BSss Se gins nearly transverse; teeth rounded 
3 s or lobiform. Chelae armed on the 


534 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


inner side with two rows of short spines or pointed teeth. Hand 
short and stout; fingers stout, dactylus much the longer. 

Description.—Near astroides; carapace longer, outline more pent- 
agonal; lateral and posterior margins, instead of thin and acutely 
dentate, are thick, the postero-lateral margin nearly transverse and 
furnished with seven unequal lobes; antero-lateral angle more 
strongly marked, margin sub-entire; hepatic region more prominent. 
Reticulating ridges of surface smooth; instead of prominent, acute 
tubercles at intervals, there are rounded tubercles covered with 
depressed granules. Antero-internal angle of basal antennal joint 
not reaching front. A row of six or seven acute tubercles on en- 
dognath, the posterior tubercle much the largest. No large spine 
on sternum at base of cheliped. Protuberances of chelipeds rounded 
lobes or tubercles, except those of dactylus. Arm shorter and less 
thigh-shaped than in astroides; the largest tubercles are the one near 
distal end of outer-upper border, and one near proximal end of inner- 
lower border. Of the tubercles on the manus, the middle one of 
the upper row is by far the largest. Fingers shorter than in astrovdes, 
gaping in larger cheliped; dactylus armed with three or four small 
spines or sharp-pointed tubercles on inner surface. Lower border 
of propodus armed with six triangular, acute teeth. Legs with 
surface little rough save on dactylus; marginal prominences either 
lobes or tubercles except on lower edge of propodus and on dactylus 
where they are sharp denticles. 

Measurements.—Female, holotype, length of carapace 18.4, width 
of same 25, length of cheliped 27 mm. Male (21577), length of 
carapace 17.9, width of same 24.7, length of cheliped 39.3 mm. 

Range.—West coast of Mexico: Southern part of Gulf of California 
and off Cape St. Lucas. Depth, 8 to 31 fathoms. 

Material examined.See table, page 535. 


Genus SOLENOLAMBRUS Stimpson 


Solenolambrus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 182; type, 
S. typicus Stimpson. 

Pisolambrus A. M1iuNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 157; type, P. 
nitidus A. Milne Edwards. 

Carapace pentagonal, more or less broader than long; posterior 
side of pentagon much the shortest, the other four sides about equal. 
Margin acute on all sides, forming a slight crest. The upper surface 
is naked, glossy, strongly convex, and bears four protuberances—one 
gastric, one cardiac, and two branchial. Gastric and cardiac pro- 
tuberances more or less triangularly pyramidal; branchial protuber- 
ance armed with an acute ridge running obliquely to postero-lateral 





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A 535 


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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERIC 




















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536 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


margin of carapace. Frontal region slightly convex, no protuberance 
on orbital region. Rostrum short and blunt or faintly tridentate. 
Orbits round, a closed fissure above. Basal joint of external antennae 
about as long as next jot. LEpistome concave. From the antero- 
external angle of the buccal area a sharp, elevated, crenulated ridge 
extends to outer base of cheliped, separating concave pterygostomian 
from subhepatic region, which is also concave and channel-like. When 
retracted, the extremity of hand of cheliped covers pterygostomian 
region, forming the afferent passage. External maxillipeds fit accu- 
rately the buccal area and closely against each other within; exognath 
concave, forming part of wall of afferent channel, which is defined 
within by a slight, elevated ridge on outer side of ischium of endog- 
nath; the merus has a prominent antero-external angle, its surface 
concave toward antero-interior angle; no notch for insertion of palpus, 
which, except at origin, is concealed behind the other joints of endog- 
nath. The chelipeds resemble those of Parthenope, except that the 
fingers are very small and the dactylus is generally at right angles 
with palm when retracted. Terminal joints of ambulatory legs 
acuminate. Third, fourth, and fifth joints of male abdomen soldered 
together. 

American coasts, from Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas to Barba- 
dos, and at Panama. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS SOLENOLAMBRUS 


A'. Some teeth or spines on posterior or postero-lateral margins. Dorsal pro- 
tuberances angular. 

B!. Not more than four teeth on posterior and postero-lateral margins. 
Cl. Tubercles on surfaces of hand between crests. Dactylus oblique to 

palm. Sternum between chelipeds with several tubercles. 
typicus, p. 537. 
C2. Surfaces of hand smooth between crests. Dactylus at right angles with 
palm. Sternum between chelipeds without tubercles._arcuatus, p.538. 

B?. Six teeth or spines on posterior or postero-lateral margins. 

C!. Six minute teeth on posterior and postero-lateral margins. No median 
spines. No spine near middle of branchial ridge._portoricensis, p. 539. 
C%, Six spines on posterior and postero-lateral margins. Two median spines. 


A spine near middle of branchial ridge_------- decemspinosus, p. 540. 
A?. No spines or teeth on posterior or postero-lateral margins. Dorsal pro- 
TU Cra TC ES eT OUTS RES hee ee kee Pe NE ee ah Se tenellus, p. 541. 


Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: typicus 
(Atlantic); arcuatus (Pacific). 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 537 


SOLENOLAMBRUS TYPICUS Stimpson 
Plates 192 and 193; plate 279, figs. 1-4 
Solenolambrus typicus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. ZoGl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 133 
(type-localities, off the Samboes and off Alligator Reef, 80 to 110 fathoms; 
types not extant).—A. Miune Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 159; 
1879, pl. 28, figs. 4-4d.—_Ratuswn, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 
1900, pt. 2 (1901), p. 81 (part; not specimens from Porto Rico). 
Diagnosis.—Not more than four teeth on posterior and postero- 
lateral margins. Two acute elevations on median line. An obtuse 
angle at middle of branchial ridge. Three (or two and a half) rows 
of moderate-sized tubercles on lower surface of palm and two rows 
on outer surface; margins dentate. Cheli- 
peds two and a half times as long as 
carapace. 
Description.—Carapace one-ninth 
broader than long. Surface coarsely 
punctate. Protuberances of gastric and 
cardiac regions triangularly pyramidal 
and acute, with the ridges forming the 
angles crenulated; the posterior ridge in 
the median line of carapace, the other two 
diverge from each other in front. Cardiac | 
pyramid symmetrical, each of its triangu- 
lar sides being equal; gastric protuberance 
not symmetrical, the posterior ridge being 


a short, steep slope, the two anterior ridges vA ; 
being long and inclosing a gradual, some- XQ 
what convex, slope toward front. Ridge 


: 2 Fig. 148—SOLENOLAMBRUS TYPICUS 
of branchial region also crenulated and (50388), MAXILLIPED, X 17.7 


bent at middle at an obtuse angle, almost 
a right angle. In the male each protuberance of carapace is sur- 
mounted by an acute spine, while in the female the apical angles are 
not thus acute. Margin of carapace more or less distinctly crenu- 
lated, especially antero-lateral margin, at the outer or posterior end 
of which are three small and not very well-marked teeth. Antero- 
lateral margin concave anteriorly, convex posteriorly. Posterior 
margin straight, lateral angles sharply defined and even dentiform or 
spiniform. Eyes rather large, with a minute tubercle on anterior side 
of extremity. Basal joint of external antennae somewhat longer than 
next jomt. Epistome of moderate length. External maxillipeds 
naked; ischium tuberculated near outer margin and near extremity. 
Sternum with a few tubercles between bases of chelipeds. 

Chelipeds long, naked, except some inconspicuous setae on crest 
of hand. Merus with denticulated margins and with surface above 
for the most part smooth and glossy, but with a few tubercles near 


538 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


margins. Carpus with five denticulated crests, Hand trigonous, 
with 10 strong teeth on inner crest, 12 to 14 small granulated teeth 
on outer margin, and 15 teeth increasing regularly in size toward 
extremity on lower margin; upper surface with 2 rows of tubercles, 
inner surface with 2 rows, and outer surface with 3 rows; all the 
tubercles ornamented with from 2 to 5 granules. Fingers very 
small, between a fourth and a fifth the length of palm; dactylus 
when flexed almost at right angles with palm. Ambulatory legs com- 
pressed, naked, polished, with a laminiform crest above; the merus 
joints of posterior pair have a crest below, which has a lobe-like ex- 
pansion at inner extremity. Abdomen tuberculated at sides, that 
of male tapering slightly. 

Measurements.—Male (18677), length of carapace 10.8, width of 
same 11.6, length of cheliped 26 mm. 

Variations—The two projections at ends of posterior margin 
vary from very short, inconspicuous teeth to prominent teeth and 
even spines, according to Stimpson. This is not dependent on sex, 

as Stimpson thought, or on size; for in the museum collection there 
are nine male specimens, of which three large ones have shallow 
teeth, three small ones have well developed teeth, while the strongest 
teeth occur on three specimens of different sizes, one small, one large 
and one intermediate. In the single female the teeth are less evident 
than in any of the males. The chelipeds show different degrees 
of roughness; the merus may have an almost smooth upper surface 
with only a line of granules near posterior edge, or the posterior 
half of that surface may be pretty well covered with granulation. 
The rougher specimens also show longer marginal teeth on the hand, 
especially noticeable on the upper crest where the larger teeth may 
be as long as wide and separated by sinuses which are rounded at 
base instead of pointed. 

Range.—Bahama Banks, southern Florida, Gulf of Mexico, and 
Caribbean Sea. Depth, 50 to 338 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 535. 


SOLENOLAMBRUS ARCUATUS Stimpson 


Solenolambrus arcuatus Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 
1871, p. 101 [128] (type-locality, Panama; type not extant). 

? Solenolambrus typicus Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, ser. 1, vol. 3, 1889, p. 
187, Panama; not S. typicus Stimpson, 1871. 


Diagnosis.—Not more than four teeth on posterior and postero- 
lateral margins. Two acute elevations on median line. A large 
toothlet at middle of branchial ridge. Surfaces of hand smooth be- 


tween crests; dactylus at right angles with palm. Sternum between 
chelipeds without tubercles. 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 539 


Description.—Carapacé short and broad, with projecting lateral 
angles. Surface punctate, much more finely than in typicus. Antero- 
lateral margins long and convex; the two together would form a 
regular arc were it not for projection of rostrum; each armed with 
11 little projecting, tridenticulate, teeth the middle ones broadest. 
Postero-lateral margin concave, posterior margin short and slightly 
convex. Protuberances of carapace like those of typicus, but stronger; 
their ridges crenulated; gastric and cardiac protuberances very tall, 
with strongly projecting apices, which are almost spiniform but not 
acuminate; ridge of branchial region convex forward and crenulated, 
with a larger toothlet at middle. Basal article of external antennae 
shorter than next article. Eyes very small. Afferent and subhepatic 
channels very deep, the ridge separating them being prominent and 
very thin and sharp. No supplementary ridge on subhepatic region. 
External maxillipeds with hairy margins and with a tubercle near 
inner summit of ischium; antero-external angle of merus less acute 
and prominent than in typicus; merus with three or four strong 
tubercles on external oblique ridge. Sternum between chelipeds 
concave, without tubercles. Chelipeds rather short; merus seven- 
toothed before and behind; carpus with five denticulated crests; 
hand with nine strong, subspiniform teeth on superior crest, and the 
same number of tuberculiform teeth on outer and inner edge of lower 
surface; on the inner edge the teeth are minute toward the base, but 
are large on outer half of hand; surface of hand between toothed 
crests smooth; inferior surface, and interstices of teeth of all three 
crests pubescent; hand expanded in width at distal extremity, and 
dactylus when retracted exactly at right angles with palm. Legs 
compressed, glabrous; merus joints with acute, sparsely ciliated 
superior edge; merus of posterior pair obtuse below, without crest. 
Abdomen smooth. (Stimpson.) 

Measurements.—Female, holotype, length of carapace 10.2, width 
of same 13.2, length of merus of cheliped 7.9, of hand 9.4 mm. 

Range.—Panama (Stimpson, Nobili). 

SOLENOLAMBRUS PORTORICENSIS Rathbun 
Plate 194, figs. 5 and 6 


Solenolambrus typicus RaTHBUN, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, 
pt. 2 (1901), p. 81 (part: specimen from Mayaguez Harbor). 

Solenolambrus portoricensis RATHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 
14, 1924, p. 5 (type-locality, Mayaguez Harbor, Porto Rico, 75 to 76 
fathoms; holotype, male, Cat. No. 24237, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—Six minute teeth on posterior and postero-lateral 
margins. No spines on median line. On outer and lower surfaces 
of palm a row of large granulated tubercles parallel to each margin; 
outer and inner margins tuberculated; dactylus at right angles 
with palm. Cheliped two and a third times as long as carapace. 


540 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Description.—Similar to typicus. Carapace wider, one-sixth wider 
than long; elevations lower; anterior slope of cardiac elevation granu- 
lated, its borders not sharply defined; tooth at end of branchial 
ridge minute; a still smaller and inconspicuous tooth on postero- 
lateral margin half way between branchial ridge and posterior 
margin; median gastric area, or anterior slope of gastric elevation 
narrower than in typicus; margin very finely granulate, no teeth at 
widest part except one at lateral angle. Chelipeds shorter than in 
typicus; chelae hairy especially on upper margin; merus with upper 
surface widening less toward distal end, a few tubercles near margins 
as in typicus, marginal crenulated teeth less projecting than in 
typicus; manus armed above with 10 teeth almost hidden in hair, 
the distal tooth and 2 proximal teeth very small; just below is a 
row of 10 large granulated tubercles; outer and inner margins tuber- 
culated, the outer margin with 12, the inner with 13 tubercles; next 
to each margin a row of similar tubercles; immovable finger very 
short; dactylus vertical. Lower border of merus of last three am- 
bulatory legs irregularly denticulate; a small, denticulated lobe 
near proximal end in second and third pairs, and a denticulated 
lamina at middle in third pair. The transverse line of tubercles on 
the sternum, either side of abdomen, at base of chelipeds is more 
transverse than in typicus and is situated further from the tip of the 
abdominal cavity; there are no tubercles in the middle of the first 
sternal segment, as in typicus. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 7.3, width of 
same 8.5, length of cheliped 17 mm. 

Type-locality—_Mayaguez Harbor, Porto Rico: Point del Algar- 
robo, E., 234 miles; 75 to 76 fathoms; rky. S. Co.; temp. 68.5° F.; 
January 20, 1899; station 6063, /ish Hawk; 1 male, holotype (24237). 


SOLENOCLAMBRUS DECEMSPINOSUS Rathbun 
Plate 194, figs. 1 and 2 


Solenolambrus decemspinosus RatuBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 17, 
March 30, 1894,@advance sheet, p. 2; July, 1894, p. 84 (type-locality, 
Gulf of Mexico, lat. 28° 44’ N., long. 85°16’ W., 60 fathoms; holotype, 
Cat. No. 18157, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—Six’spines on posterior and postero-lateral margins. 
A second spineZon branchial ridge. Two tall spines on median line. 
On outer and lowerjsurfaces of palm a row of large granulated tuber- 
cles parallel to*each{margin; outer and inner margins tuberculated; 
dactylus nearly#atiright angles with palm. Cheliped twice as long 
as carapace. 

Description.—Closelyfallied to S. typicus. Antero-lateral margin 
convex; areaibetween the two anterior gastric ridges narrower than 
in S. typicus,#gastric and cardiac prominences terminating in slender 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 541 


spines. Hight additional dorsal spines—two on each branchial ridge, 
of which the posterior or marginal is the longer, one at each posterior 
angle, and one on postero-lateral margin midway between the last 
and branchial spine. Surface finely punctate. Sternum smooth be- 
tween bases of chelipeds. Terminal segment of abdomen of male 
much longer and distally narrower than in S. typicus, its sides deeply 
concave. Merus of the outer maxillipeds narrower and more pro- 
duced at antero-external angle than in S. typicus. Chelipeds similar 
to those of S. typicus. The second, third, and fourth pairs of ambu- 
latory legs more or less cristate below. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 6, width of 
same 7, length of cheliped 12 mm. 

Range.—Gulf of Mexico and Porto Rico. Depth, 45 to 60 fathoms. 

Material ecamined.— 

Gulf of Mexico: Off Cape San Blas, Florida; lat. 28° 44’ 00’’ N.; 
long. 85° 16’ 00’’ W.; 60 fathoms; gy. S.; March 15, 1885; station 
2404, Albatross; 1 male, holotype (18157). 

Porto Rico: Off entrance to San Juan; Battery on El Boqueron, 
S. E. 4% E., 734 miles; 45 fathoms; S. M.; temp. 77° F.; January 138, 
1899; station 6051, Fish Hawk; 1 male (24236). 


SOLENOLAMBRUS TENELLUS Stimpson 
Plate 194, figs. 3 and 4; plate 279, figs. 5-9 


Solenolambrus tenellus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, 
p. 134 (type-localities, off Carysfort, Conch and French Reefs, 35 to 49 
fathoms; types not extant). 

Pisolambrus nitidus A. M1tnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 158, 
pl. 30, figs. 4-4e (type-locality, Barbados, 100 fathoms; cotypes, Cat. 
No. 2943, M. C. Z.). 

Diagnosis.—No spines or teeth on posterior or postero-lateral mar- 
gins. Dorsal protuberances rounded. [Eyes very large. Margins 
of arm and hand serrated. Chelipeds three times as long as carapace. 

Description—A small, delicate species. Carapace but little 
broader than long, and about equally produced in front of and 
behind the line of the lateral angles. Surface rather coarsely punc- 
tate. Protuberances of carapace much less prominent than in typicus; 
those of gastric and cardiac regions obtusely rounded, without 
angular ridges; ridge of branchial region sufficiently well marked 
near postero-lateral margin, but almost obsolete anteriorly. Mar- 
gins of carapace crenulated, the teeth being most distinct on the 
flattened, expanded, and broadly rounded lateral angle, where they 
are about six in number, not crenulated, and but little projecting, 
being defined chiefly by the impressed lines on the marginal limb. 
Two or three denticulated teeth on hepatic region. Postero-lateral 
margin slightly concave. Posterior margin convex; its lateral 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


542 






































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a Q ~ +s CoE SSM dqaqr 3 ¢ og 26 a= a Bo ~o 
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= » g Se + oO n oS ~ q oD 600m 800 OqG0 587 flescy te 
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Snqjauay Snuquipjouajog fo paurmnxa 701.1010 JY 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 548 


crenulated teeth; inner edge with 18 to 20 very minute teeth. Legs 
naked, compressed, without laminiform crests; merus of last pair 
slightly expanded below near base. Abdomen and sternum of male 
coarsely pitted, otherwise smooth and glabrous. (After Stimpson.) 

Measurements.—Male (18678), length of carapace 5.5, width of 
same 6.3, length of cheliped 16 mm. 

Range.—From Gulf of Mexico (west coast of Florida) to Florida 
Keys, Bahamas, and Barbados. Depth, 30 to 115 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 542. 


Genus LEIOLAMBRUS A. Milne Edwards 


Leiolambrus A. MitNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 148; type, 
L. punctatissima (Owen) [spinosissima, by error]. 

Carapace hexagonal, considerably broader than long, with a strong — 
spine near middle of its lateral margin. Surface depressed, smooth, 
or nearly so, with three low longitudinal elevations, one median, the 
others branchial. Front subtruncate, with a minute median point. 
Orbits with a closed fissure above, a large V-shaped fissure below 
toward outside, and an inner hiatus in which is lodged the antenna. 
Basal joint of antenna very small. Antennules folding almost longi- 
tudinally. Buccal frame narrowing a little forward, loosely covered 
by external maxillipeds; these last have an anteriorly tapering ischium, 
a merus with a semicircular antero-external outline, antero-internal 
angle rectangularly notched; merus and ischium of the endognath 
bordered with long hairs which form a ventral covering to the afferent 
channels of the branchiae; exognath concealed above endognath. 
Chelipeds very long, sharply trigonal, somewhatsubequal; marginal 
teeth small and numerous. The fingers gape in the larger claw. 
First pair of ambulatory legs the shortest. 

Known only from the two species here described. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS LEIOLAMBRUS 


A!, Carapace with four strong marginal spines behind_-_--_punctatissimus, p. 543. 
A?*, Carapace with no strong marginal spines behind_-_----__---- nitidus, p. 545. 


Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: nztidus 
(Atlantic); punctatissimus (Pacific). 


LEIOLAMBRUS PUNCTATISSIMUS (Owen) 
Plate 198 


Parthenope punctatissima OwEN, Zool. of Beechey’s Voy., 1839, p. 81, pl. 
24, fig. 4 (type-locality, coast of California; type not extant).—Stimpson, 
Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 6, 1857, p. 458 [18]. 

Parthenope (Lambrus) punctatissima Locxineton, Proc. California Acad. 
Sci., vol. 7, July 17, 1876 (1877), p. 78 [16]. 

Leiolambrus spinosissima (by error) A. M1iLtNgE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 
1878, p. 148. 


544 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Leiolambrus punctatissima A. MitnNr Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p- 


159. 
Leiolambrus punctatissimus Houmss, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., 


vol. 7, 1900, p. 46, 

Diagnosis.—Carapace with four strong marginal spines behind; 
lateral spine of moderate size. Orbit much narrower than rostrum. 
Five or six enlarged teeth on anterior margin of arm. 

Description.—Carapace smooth, convex, minutely punctate, me- 
dian gastric and cardiac regions forming a nearly continuous, longi- 
tudinal elevation, bounded on either side by a conspicuous, longi- 
tudinal depression. Front truncate, but with a small median tooth 
behind which there is a short, longitudinal groove. Postorbital angle 
acute. Antero-lateral margins slightly arcuate, and furnished with 

teeth which become very small toward an- 
terior end. Sides of carapace produced into 
a prominent, triangular tooth. Two teeth 
‘ on posterior margin near median line; ex- 
ternal to these a pair of larger marginal 
teeth; margins between teeth of external 
pair and lateral angles of carapace concave. 
Posterior and postero-lateralmarginsmarked 


with a delicate, raised, jagged line; another 
fine raised line runs upon the branchial 
region from postero-lateral tooth. Maxilli- 


/| 


peds smooth, ischium narrowed distally, 
antero-internal angle produced forward in 
a rounded lobe; merus broadly rounded at 
antero-external angle and produced behind 
Na articulation of palp. Chelipeds long, angles 
denticulated; anterior edge of merus also 
Fig. 149.—Leiotamprus runctatis with several larger denticulated teeth; 
SIMUS (17366), MAXILLIPED, X 19.2 
outer edge of carpus dentate. Immovable 
finger nearly longitudinal and straight, inner edge dentate; dactyl 
curved and provided on external portion of base with two converg- 
ing denticulated ridges which meet not far from tip. Legs smooth, 
compressed, differing little in length; dactyls lanceolate, flattened in 
a plane oblique to that of the preceding joints. The transverse ele- 
vations of first three segments of abdomen are finely denticulate and 
are produced at extremities in a tooth. (After Holmes.) 
Measurements.—Male (18180), median length of carapace 13.2, 
width 18.7, length of cheliped, below, about 40 mm. 
Range.—?California; Gulf of California, Mexico. The records for 
California are indefinite and may refer to Lower California. 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 545 


Material examined.— 

‘‘California’’; 1 ovigerous female (Copenhagen Mus.). 

Off Guaymas, Mexico; lat. 27° 45’ 00” N.; long. 110° 45’ 00” W.; 
20 fathoms; gn. M.; temp. 65.2° F.; March 31, 1889; station 3037, 
Albatross; 11 males, 3 females, 2 young (17366, 18620). 

Off La Paz Bay; lat. 24° 18’ 00” N.; long. 110° 22’ 00” W.; 26.5 
fathoms; brk. Sh.; April 30, 1888; station 2823, Albatross; 1 male 
(18180). 


LEIOLAMBRUS NITIDUS Rathbun 
Plate 199; plate 281, fig. 1 
Leiolambrus nitidus Ratupun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, 
pt. 2 (1901), p. 80, text-fig. 12 (type-locality, Mayaguez Harbor, Porto 
Rico, 12 to 18 fathoms; (holotype, Cat. No. 23776, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—Carapace without strong marginal spines behind; 
lateral spine large, involving half of antero-lateral margin. Orbit 
nearly as wide as rostrum. Three enlarged and distant spines on 
anterior margin. 

Description.—Carapace about three-fifths as long as_ broad, 
antero-lateral and postero-lateral margins subequal; surface coarsely 
punctate in elevated regions, smooth in depressions, a little granu- 
lous along summit of branchial, cardiac, and posterior part of meso- 
gastric. Margin of front feebly tridentate, not advanced beyond 
antennular fossettes. Orbits wider than long and completely filled 
with large eyes. Antero-lateral margin obscurely toothed, the teeth 
having denticulate margins. Lateral spine strong, acuminate, 
directed either outward or somewhat backward, and slightly upward. 
A small tubercle, sometimes pointed, on postero-lateral margin at 
end of branchial ridge. Extremities of posterior margin either 
angular or marked with a small tooth. Inner lobe of orbital floor 
produced nearly to line of front. Chelipeds narrow, lower surface 
smooth, upper surface with a scant marginal fringe of hair. Arm 
with upper surface convex and scabrous, anterior margin armed with 
many small denticulated teeth, of which three or four are noticeably 
larger and sometimes spiniform; posterior margin evenly denticulate 
and terminating in a spine. Outer margin of wrist denticulate, inner 
margin granulate, a longitudinal line of granules through middle of 
upper surface. Hand with denticulate inner and outer margins, 
with granules along outer margin of upper surface. Thumb not bent 
down or in, prehensile edge with three or four large teeth. Movable 
finger spinulous on upper surface; a spine at terminal third directed 
distally; prehensile edge finely toothed. Fingers of larger claw with 
a small gape. Last three pairs of ambulatory legs reaching beyond 
end of arm; first pair barely reaching dactylus of second. Legs almost 
smooth; lower margins of meral joints very finely denticulate. The 


546 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAI, MUSEUM 





























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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 547 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS MESORHOEA 


A!. Movable finger vertical, without smooth bead granule. Branchial ridge 


nearlyistraight../vtys ee aid eed, Ee ober ede sexspinosa, p. 547. 
A’. Movable finger oblique, with smooth bead granule on outer surface. Bran- 
SRD Fiche CUT VER. = UN. Bar ge eae bellii, p. 548. 


Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: sexspinosa 
(Atlantic); bellii (Pacific). 


MESORHOEA SEXSPINOSA Stimpson 
Plate 200 


Mesorhoea sexpinosa Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., vol. 2, 1871, p. 136 


(type-locality, 4 miles southwest of Loggerhead Key, 11 fathoms; type 
not extant). 

Solenolambrus fastigatus A. MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 
163, pl. 29, figs. 5-5e (type-locality, Mexico (Gulf of Mexico on plate); 
type in Paris Mus.).—A. Mriune Epwarps and Bouvier, Mem. Mus. 
Comp. Zo6l., vol. 47, 1923, p. 357. 

Mesorhoea sexspinosa A. M1uNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 164. 

Solenolambrus typicus RatusBun, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, 
pt. 2 (1901), p. 81 (part: specimen from Punta de Melones). 


Diagnosis.—Carapace one-fifth or one-fourth broader than long. 
Branchial ridge nearly straight. Cardiac spine the most slender. 
Movable finger vertical, without smooth bead granule. Outer angle 
of wrist laminate. 

Description.—Carapace about equally produced in front and 
behind, beyond the line of the lateral angles. Surface punctate 
and inconspicuously pubescent. Protuberances of gastric, cardiac 
and branchial regions strongly angular, each surmounted by a three- 
sided spine, the branchial spine being situated on the postero-lateral 
margin, of which it forms a projection. Angles or ridges more or 
less crenulated. Lateral edges of gastric protuberance continued 
forward nearly to front, becoming parallel shortly after diverging 
from the spine. Cardiac spine more slender than the others, its 
posterior edge nearly vertical. Branchial ridge nearly straight. 
Between protuberances and ridges the surface is more or less reg- 
ularly concave, the sides of the protuberances not being swollen. 
Rostrum short. Margins of carapace sublaminiform and almost 
entire, the normal crenulation being indicated only by faint im- 
pressed lines; microscopic notches may, however, be detected on 
antero-lateral margin which is slightly convex toward lateral angle. 
Postero-lateral margin concave. Posterior margin about half as 
long as postero-lateral, convex at middle, terminating on either side 
in a slight tooth. Afferent channels deep, separated from the 
subhepatic channels by a very thin and sharp, prominent, ciliated 
lamina, and defined on the inner side by the ciliated outer edge of 
ischium of outer maxillipeds. From anterior angle of buccal area a 


548 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


short ridge extends to middle of inner tooth of orbit, which ridge 
separates the concavity of epistome from that of subhepatic region. 
Merus * of maxillipeds with two tubercles, one towards postero- 
exterior angle, the other close to antero-exterior angle; anterior 
margin of joint deeply concave or notched. 

Chelipeds short, pubescent, especially on the toothed edges; surface 
between edges smooth; on basal joint below there is a strong, trian- 
gular, pyramidal spine nearly as large as dorsal spines of carapace; 
margins of merus crenulated with six or seven small teeth on either 
bane: ; carpus flattened above, with two strong, crenulated crests, the 
outer one of which bears a larger spiniform tooth at middle; hand 
with an elevated 9-toothed superior crest and 11-toothed outer 
margin; fingers very small; dactylus at 
right angles with palm. Legs much 
compressed; carpus and propodus with 
a laminiform crest above; merus and 
propodus of posterior pair with slight 


ae | 
: (@ crest below. Abdomen of female gla- 
brous. (Stimpson.) 
Measurements—Female, holotype, 
length of carapace 8.1, width of same 
9.9, length of hand 7.1 mm. Male 


i 


pea 
ed 
Me 


Se 
— Sam, 
nf 
i 


(49202), length of carapace 6.6, width 
of same 8.6, length of hand 6.5 mm. 
Variation.—This species shows a 
variation similar to that in Soleno- 
lambrus typicus; the extremities of the 
posterior margin may have a distinct 
tooth as in the young female, or only a 
Fic. 150.—Mrsorwoza sexsrinoss slight indication of one as in the larger 
(50456), MAXILLIPED, X 33.8 : 
specimens; the protuberances of the 
carapace have more slender tips in the young specimen than in the 
adults. 

Range.—West coast of Florida and Florida Keys; Gulf of Mexico 
(A. Milne Edwards); Porto Rico; Flannegan Passage. Depth, 414 to 
27 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 549. 


MESORHOEA BELLI (A. Milne Edwards) 
Plate 201; plate 280, figs. 1-4 


Solenolambrus bellii A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 163, 
pl. 29, figs. 6-6d (type-locality, Mexico; type in Paris Mus.). 

Mesorhoea gilli RatHBun, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, 1893, p. 235 (type- 
locality, Gulf of California, 20 to 71 fathoms; holotype, Cat. No. 17370, 
U.S.N.M.). 





58 Incorrectly represented in Crust. Rég. Mex., pl. 29, fig. 5a. 





| 


Material examined of Mesorhoea sexspinosa 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 
































_— 
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549 


Diagnosis.— Carapace 
one-third broader than long. 
Branchial ridge strongly 
curved. Branchial spine 
the most slender. Movable 
finger oblique, with a large, 
smooth bead tubercle on 
outside of base. 

Description.—Surface 
minutely pubescent. Car- 
diac, gastric, and branchial 
elevations angular, each 
prolonged in a three-sided 
spine, the branchial spine 
smallest and situated on 
postero-lateral margin; an- 
gles or ridges crenulate or 
tuberculate; two ridges 
gradually diverge from gas- 
tric spine and are continued 
nearly to front; cardiacspine 
longest, laterally com- 
pressed; branchial ridge 
curved, subparallel to an- 
tero-lateral margin, and 
having a larger tubercle at 
the center; in front of 
branchial ridge a few scat- 
tered tubercles; one or two 
tubercles on hepatic region. 
Surface concave behind 
branchial ridge. Rostrum 
short, pubescent. Antero- 
lateral margin convex, dis- 
tinctly crenulate; postero- 
lateral and posterior mar- 
gins entire, thin, faint im- 
pressed lines indicating 
normal crenulation ; postero- 
lateral margin concave, 
about twice as long as pos- 
terior margin, which is 
slightly convex in the mid- 
dle and terminates in a 
triangular flattened spine 


550 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


at either angle. Ridge between subhepatic and afferent channels 
minutely crenulate, pubescent, continued on subbranchial region with 
several beadlike tubercles; suborbital tooth strongly ridged. 

First segment of male abdomen very short; second widest, with a 
transverse denticulate crest, a larger denticle at extremities and 
middle; third, fourth, and fifth segments fused; sixth wider than 
long; seventh very short, triangular; abdomen and sternum smooth. 
Seven separate segments in female abdomen, first almost concealed 
by carapace, second having a transverse denticulate crest, third with 
a similar faint crest not continued to margins. Basal antennal joint 
with a long trigonal spine below. Ischium of maxillipeds punctate, 
outer margin pubescent, inner margin crenulate; merus with anterior 
margin concave, surface pubescent, uneven, an oblique groove running 
forward and outward, two tubercles on outer side of groove, one at 
antero-external angle; inner angle strongly produced, bearing a 
granulate ridge. 

Chelipeds over twice as long as carapace, strong; merus trigonal, 
margins irregularly dentate or crenulate; carpus somewhat four-sided, 
margins finely denticulate or crenulate, a ridge across lower surface; 
hand long, trigonal, pubescent, upper surface slightly twisted, about 
10 teeth on inner and on lower margin and 13 smaller teeth on outer 
margin; dactyl at right angles to upper surface of palm, a large white 
bead tubercle on outside of base. Legs compressed; merus, carpus, 
and propodus with cristate margins. 

Measurements—Female (17370), length of carapace 15.5, width of 
same 21, length of cheliped about 33 mm. 

Range.—Lower California, outer side, from Abreojos Point south- 
ward; Gulf of California; Panama Bay. Depth, 914 to 71 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 551. 


Genus AETHRA Leach 


4ithra Leacu, in Latreille, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., vol. 4, 1816, p. 602; 
type, A. scrwposa (Linnaeus). 

(@thra LAMaRcK, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., vol. 5, 1818, p. 264.— MILNE 
Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 370. 

Carapace oval and embossed, circumference dentate, a little 
raised and expanded so as to cover the ambulatory legs. Eyes very 
small, orbits circular. Basal article of antennae elongate, joined to 
the front by its inner angle; flagellum small, situated in the orbital 
hiatus. Basal article of antennules wide and almost quadrilateral. 
Buccal cavity narrowing anteriorly, epistome short. Outer maxilli- 
peds very long; merus truncate anteriorly and outside, and without 
emargination for the insertion of the palpus. The legs can be en- 
tirely concealed under the carapace; they are compressed and have 
cristiform ridges. Abdomen of male composed of five segments, female 
of seven segments. 











dd51 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 












































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222199 DaoYysosa AL fo PAUMUDNXA 1D1.40]0 JY 





552 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Contains only one species, A. scruposa, ranging from the Indo- 
Pacific to the west coast of Mexico. 


AETHRA SCRUPOSA SCUTATA Smith 
Plate 195 


4thra scutata Smita, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 48, 1869, p. 120 (type- 
locality, La Paz; holotype in Yale Univ. Mus.). 

(thra scruposa, var. scutata A. M1tnE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, 
p. 170, pl. 31, figs. 2-2e. 

Cryptopodia fornicata AuRIvILLIus, K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 23, 
1888 (1889), p. 60. Not C. fornicata (Fabricius, 1793). 

Diagnosis:—Carapace elliptical, lateral borders expanded so as to 
conceal the legs and cut by long, closed fissures into shallow teeth. 
Angles of chelipeds and legs projecting into dentate crests. 

Description.—Carapace transversely and regularly elliptical; mar- 
gins thin, slightly dentate, denticles separated by broad and very 
shallow sinuses; posterior margin nearly straight in the middle; 
anterior margin straight and parallel to posterior margin for a short 
space outside eyes; front projecting horizontally, its margin forming 
a semicircle; gastric region elevated, with a broad median depression 
extending to the front; anterior lobe of branchial region large and 
prominent, the broad space between branchial region and antero- 
lateral margin concave; summits of elevations and a space along the 
posterior border tuberculous, rest of upper surface smooth; inferior 
lateral regions slightly convex and smooth. Chelipeds fitting close 
to carapace; angles projecting into dentate crests; outer and inferior 
surface of hand coarsely granulous. Legs short; angles projecting 
into thin, dentate crests. Sternum and abdomen deeply vermicu- 
lated. (Smith.) 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 35.3, width of 
same 56.6mm. (Smith.) Female, Mazatlan, length of carapace 60, 
width of same 90, length of hand 45 mm. (A. Milne Edwards.) 

Range.—Mexico: La Paz, Lower California (Gulf of California), 
type-locality; Mazatlan (A. Milne Edwards, Aurivillius). 

Remarks.—According to A. Milne Edwards (loc. cit.) this Ameri- 
can form is only a variety of the Indo-Pacific A. scrwposa (Linnaeus), 
differing from it in having the carapace less uneven and less rugose, 
and the ornamentation and fissures of the lateral borders more dis- 
tinct. Typical scrwposa is found in the Indian Ocean, Malay Archi- 
pelago, New Caledonia and Fiji Islands.® 





68 For synonymy and description, see Aleock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, p. 285. 





Set se 


"THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 553 


Genus CRYPTOPODIA Milne Edwards 


Cryptopodia MILNE Epwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 360; type, 
C. fornicata (Fabricius). 

Carapace very broadly triangular, with very large lateral clypei- 
form vaulted expansions which conceal the ambulatory legs and 
are prolonged posteriorly far beyond base of abdomen. A ridge ex- 
tends from gastric region across branchial region to the postero- 
lateral margin. Rostrum nearly horizontal, spatuliform and very 
prominent. Pterygostomian regions smooth, not ridged. Orbits 
very small, nearly circular, with a suture in superior margin. Epis- 
tome well developed; antennulary fossae narrow and somewhat 
oblique. Eyes very small and retractile. Basal antennal joint 
slightly dilated, not nearly reaching internal orbital hiatus, which is 
filled by the second joint. Buccal cavity and external maxillipeds 
small. Merus of maxillipeds distally truncated, antero-external 
angle produced. Chelipeds allied to those of Parthenope. Am- 
bulatory legs with the fourth, fifth, and six joints more or less cristate. 
(After Alcock.) 

Range.—Gulf of Mexico to West Indies; Lower California; Indo- 
Pacific naa 


KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CRYPTOPODIA 


A!, Carapace 1.2 to 1.33 times as broad as long. Rostrum much broader than 

ey ere eee eh ay pe ae A ew th 2 hie. at. ee concava, p. 553. 

A?, Carapace 1.6 times as broad as long. Rostrum a little broader than long. 

hassleri, p. 554. 

Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: concava 
(Atlantic) ; hassleri (Pacific). 


CRYPTOPODIA CONCAVA Siimpson 
Plate 202, figs. 3 and 4; plate 282, figs. 6-11 
Cryptopodia concava Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., vol. 2, 1871, p. 137 
(type-locality, off Conch Reef, 34 fathoms, type not extant).—A. MILNE 
Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Méx., 1878, p. 168, pl. 29, figs. 1-1c and 2-2c. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace from 1.2 to 1.33 times as broad as long. 
Rostrum distinctly broader than long. Branchial ridges convex 
forward. 

Description.—Carapace a little broader than long; antero-lateral 
margins twice as long as postero-lateral and meeting them at an 
obtuse angle; postero-lateral margins converging posteriorly very 
slightly, posterior margin straight in female, very slightly emargi- 
nate in male. Gastro-branchial ridges granulate; margin cut into 
small truncate teeth separated by closed fissures and with denticulate 
margins. The lateral expansions do not quite cover the feet when 
extended. Surface smooth and shining. Front triangular and flat- 


554 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


tened. Merus of maxillipeds triangular, its internal angle truncate. 
Upper surface of arm and hand of cheliped dilated toward middle; 
margins with a few obscure teeth, also denticulate. Crests of legs 
denticulate. Sternum very concave in front; a deep hollow fits ter- 
minal segment of abdomen; on each side of this hollow is a strong 
dentate crest prolonged to basal article of cheliped. 

= Measurements.—Male (15185), length of 
carapace 6.3, width of same 7.6 mm. Fe- 
male (49201), length of carapace 9, width 
of same 12 mm. 

Range.—West coast of Florida to Bahama 
Banks and St. Thomas, West Indies. 
Depth, 4 to 34 fathoms. 

Material excamined.—See table, page 551. 


CRYPTOPODIA HASSLERI, new species 
Plate 202, figs. 1 and 2 


Type-locality.— Magdalena Bay, Lower 
California, Mexico; Hassler; holotype, male 
(Cat. No. 2074, M. C. Z.). 

Diagnosis.—Carapace much broader than 
long. Length and breadth of rostrum sub- 
Fig. 151—Cryrroropia concava equal. Closed fissures between marginal 

(49226), MAXILLIPED, X 28 5 
teeth extending well up on the carapace. 

Description.—Closely allied to C. concava, from which it is dis- 
tinguished by its greater breadth (1.6 times its length), narrower 
rostrum, rounder postero-lateral angles, greater extent of the closed 
fissures between the marginal teeth. 

Measurements.—Male, holotype, length of carapace 6.3, width 10.2 
mm. 

Range.—Known from type-locality only. 
Material examined.—The unique type. 





Genus HETEROCRYPTA Stimpson 


Heterocrypta Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 1871, p. 
102 [129]; type, H. granulata (Gibbes). 

Differs from Cryptopodia in having posterior border of carapace 
slightly overlapping abdomen but not distinctly produced; lateral 
clypeiform expansions less produced than in Cryptopodia, so that 
the legs when even moderately extended can be seen beyond them; 
pterygostomian and subhepatic regions traversed by a granular 
ridge which runs parallel to antero-lateral border from angle of 
buccal cavity to base of chelipeds. 

Range.—California to Panama; southern New England to West 
Indies; eastern Atlantic; Mediterranean; Red Sea; India; Japan. 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 555 


KEY TO THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS HETEROCRYPTA 


A!. Branchial ridge terminating at a point inside lateral angle of carapace. 
B'. Postero-lateral margin straight or nearly so between terminus of branchial 


ridge and lateral angle of carapace 


oe granulata, p. 555. 


B?. Postero-lateral margin concave between terminus of branchial ridge and 


lateral angle of carapace. 


C!. Carapace wide, at least one and one-fourth times as wide as long. 


macrobrachia, p. 558. 


C?. Carapace narrower, one and one-eighth times as wide as long. 


lapidea, p. 559. 


A?. Branchial ridge terminating at lateral angle of carapace_occidentalis, p. 559. 


Analogous species on opposite sides of the continent: lapidea 


(Atlantic); macrobrachia (Pacific). 


HETEROCRYPTA GRANULATA (Gibbes) 


PENTAGON CRAB 


Plate 203, figs. 1 and 2; plate 282, figs. 1-3 


Crypto podia granulata G1IBBEs, in George White, Statistics Georgia, Savannah, 
1849, p. 21 (nomen nudum); Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 3, 1850, 
p. 173 [9] (type-localities, near Kiawah Island, Sullivans Island, and 
White Point Shoal, Charleston Harbor, South Carolina; a type-specimen 
from Sullivans Island and another from Charleston Harbor, 1850, are in 
the University of South Carolina at Columbia); Proc. Elliott Soc., vol. 1, 


1856, p. 35, wood-cut. 


Heterocrypta granulata Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 10, 
1871, p. 102.—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 166, pl. 29, 


figs. 4—4c. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace nearly one and 
one-half times as wide as long, margins 
crenulate. Postero-lateral margin be- 
tween branchial ridge and lateral angle 
straight. Branchial ridges united by 
gastric ridge. 

Description.—Carapace very wide, 
length two-thirds the width; the branchial 
ridge runs almost parallel to antero-lateral 
margin, except on gastric region, where it 
is transverse; from either end of this trans- 
verse portion a longitudinal crest runs for- 
ward to upper margin of orbit. A large 
domelike elevation on cardiac region, 
granulated at summit. General surface 
smooth and punctate; margins crenulate. 


Portion of margin between antero-latera] 1: 82-HETROCRYPTA GRANULATA 


margin and the branchial ridge straight. 


(8485), MAXILLIPED, X 14.6 


The posterior margin forms with the preceding an angle scarcely 
perceptible except in a rear view. Rostrum broad, blunt, and de- 
flexed, margins rounded. Lower surface is granulous. Merus of 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


556 














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5487—257 


558 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


outer maxillipeds notched at inner angle. Chelipeds unequal, rather 
short and heavy. Upper surfaces of arm and hand dilated toward 
middle; margins irregularly denticulate. Fingers of larger cheliped 
gape, those of smaller do not. Merus of last pair of feet barely 
visible in a dorsal view. Third, fourth, and fifth segments of ab- 
domen of male are fused; sixth segment has a sharp posterior, ap- 
pressed spine, the tip of which lies between two tubercles on fifth 
segment. 

Measurements.—Female (8485), length of carapace 14.5, width 21 
mm. 

Habitat.—Dredged on shingly bottom. Bears a striking resem- 
blance to a freshly broken chip or flake of stone, the sharply defined 
edges of which are wonderfully imitated by the crab, even the claws 
assisting, so much so as often to deceive the collector even when he 
is on the alert, for he mistakes it for a small piece of broken pebble. 
(P. W. Jarvis.) 

Range.—From Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts, to Georgia; 
Gulf coast of Florida and West Indies as far as St. Thomas (A. 
Milne Edwards). 

Material examined.—See table, pages 556-557. 


HETEROCRYPTA MACROBRACHIA Stimpson 
Plate 203, figs. 3 and 4; plate 282, figs. 4 and 5 


Heterocrypta macrobrachia Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 
10, 1871, p. 103 [130] (type-locality, Panama; type not extant).—A. 
MILNE Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 167, pl. 29, figs. 3-3b. 

Diagnosis.—Carapace one and one-fourth times as wide as long, 
margins dentate. Postero-lateral margin between branchial ridge 
and lateral angle deeply concave. Branchial ridges continued on 
gastric region and terminating in two high, adjacent, gastric 
tubercles. 

Description.—Carapace narrower and less triangular than that of 
H. granulata, but resembling it in its granulated ridges and 
protuberances. Antero-lateral margin regularly convex and crenu- 
lated with 14 or 15 teeth which are themselves denticulated. Margin 
between lateral angle of carapace and projecting terminus of branchial 
ridge deeply concave. Posterior margins crenulated like the 
anterior, with a somewhat larger tooth on each side at junction of 
posterior with postero-lateral margins. Chelipeds very long, naked 
and smooth except at crenulated edges. Legs compressed, carinated; 
merus joints with sharp, minutely denticulated lower edge. A 
blunt downward-pointing spine on sixth segment of male abdomen. 

Color.—Yellowish; sometimes with bluish-gray patches on the 
carapace and bands of the same color across the chelipeds. 
(Stimpson.) 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 559 


Measurements.—Male (21973), length of carapace 14.2, width 
of same 18.2, length of cheliped 37.6 mm. 

Range-—From Magdalena Bay, Lower California, Mexico, to 
Panama. Depth, 12 to 51 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 557. 


HETEROCRYPTA LAPIDEA Rathbun 
Heterocrypta lapidea RaTHBUN, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Comm., vol. 20, for 1900, 
pt. 2 (1901), p. 83, text-fig. 13 (type-locality, St. Thomas; holotype, 
Cat. No. 20324, U.S.N.M.). 

Diagnosis.—Carapace one and one-eighth times as wide as long, 
margins dentate or lobate. Postero-lateral margin between branchial . 
ridge and lateral angle concave. Two tubercles on connecting gastric 
ridge distant. 

Description.—Carapace much narrower than in H. granulata; some 
of the granules of branchial 
ridges are thrown up in tu- 
bercles, one at gastric ter- 
minus of either ridge; a 
well-defined angle at other 
end of branchial ridge; mar- 
gin concave between this 
angle and end of antero- 
lateral margin. A me- 
dian furrow across front 
and anterior gastric region. 7 
Front longer, chelipeds Fig. 153—HETEROCRYPTA LAPIDEA, FEMALE (20324), CARA- 
longer and narrower than in PACE 5.9 MM. LONG, DORSAL VIEW. (AFTER RATHBUN) 
H. granulata; margins of arm subparallel; dentation of margins 
stronger than that of H. granulata. 

Measurements.—Female, holotype, length of carapace 5.9, width of 
same 6.6, length of outer margin of arm and hand each 4 mm. 

Range.—Porto Rico and St. Thomas. 

Material examined.— 

Mayaguez, Porto Rico; January 20, 1899; Fish Hawk; 1 young 
(24227). 

St. Thomas; Albatross; 1 female, holotype (20324). 





HETEROCRYPTA OCCIDENTALIS (Dana) 
Plates 204 and 205 


Cryptopodia occidentalis Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 18, 1854, 
p. 430, woodcut (type-locality, Monterey; type probably in Yale Uni- 
versity Museum. —Srtimpson, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, 1857, 
p. 458.—A. Mitne Epwarps, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1878, p. 169. 





6 It is not possible at this time to verify the existence of the type, as it is perhaps among large collections 
now in storage. 


560 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Lambrus frons-acutis LocktneTon, Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, Feb. 
7, 1876 (1877), p. 31 [4] (type-locality, Santa Catalina; type destroyed in 
San Francisco fire); Proc. California Acad. Sci., vol. 7, July 17, 1876 
(1877), p. 78 [16]. 

Heterocrypta occidentalis Hotmes, Occas. Papers California Acad. Sci., vol. 
7, 1900, p. 44. 

Diagnosis.—Branchial ridge very sinuous, terminating at lateral 
angle of carapace. Two tubercles in front of convex part of ridge. 
A triangular, depressed area each side of buccal cavity. A raised, 
oval disk above ischium of cheliped. 

Description.—Carapace broadly triangular; median gastric region 
narrow, the flattened upper surface bounded by two granulated 
ridges which converge to a point behind; cardiac region furnished 
with a three-sided, pyramidal elevation, the edges of which are 
usually granulated. Postero-lateral regions large, crossed by a 
sinuous, granulated crest, which extends from near the posterior 
end of the median gastric region to the acute lateral angles of the 
carapace; in front of the anterior bend of this crest there is a pair 
of small tubercles. Rostrum triangular, subacute, not deflexed. 
Antero-lateral margins straight or slightly concave in front, convex 
near the middle, the posterior portion passing outwards and back- 
wards, arching over the legs; the teeth on the anterior part are 
small and irregular, but they become larger posteriorly where they 
are furnished with secondary denticles. Postero-lateral margins 
transverse, posterior margin produced beyond them but not over- 
hanging abdominal segments. Ischium of maxilliped smooth, antero- 
internal angle produced; merus small, surface concave, a prominent 
tooth near middle. A long triangular concave area extends from the 
subhepatic region back to the afferent branchial openings; it in- 
cludes the exognath and is surrounded by a fringe of hair; outside 
this area, and above the ischium of the cheliped there is a raised, 
level, oval area against which the inner surface of the manus plays, 
when the cheliped is flexed. 

Chelipeds long, trigonal; surface of merus convex, edges sharply 
granulate to dentate; carpus with three or four granular lines; 
angles of hand prominent and dentate, surfaces concave. Legs com- 
pressed, strongly carinated; dactyls narrow, strongly sulcate, and 
with long corneous tips. (Holmes, amended.) 

Color—Tips of tubercles white, ridges bearing tubercles light 
purplish, remainder of carapace mottled with numerous minute 
spots of white and purplish, giving a pink effect which often closely 
approaches white. Legs usually a light yellow. (Weymouth.) 

Measurements —Male (48905), length of carapace 19.4, width of 
same 32, length of cheliped 56.2 mm. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 561 


Variation.—Rostrum usually more acute in young than in adult; 
in the young there is also considerable pubescence along angles of 
chelipeds and especially in branchial and frontal regions, sometimes 
covering greater part of carapace, while carapace of adult is commonly 
smooth. Middle of posterior margin of carapace more prominently 
rounded in female than in male. 

Range.—From the Farallones, California, to Los Coronados Islands, 
Mexico. Boca de Los Piedras, Sinaloa, Mexico (Lockington). Depth, 
13 to 50 fathoms. 

Material examined.—See table, page 562. 


Family HY MENOSOMIDAE 


Pinnothériens M1iLNE Epwarps (part), Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 2, 1837, p. 28. 

Pinnotheridae-Hymenicinae Dana, U. 8. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., 
1852, pp. 379 and 384. 

Hymenosminae [Hymenosominae] MILNE Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 
ser. 3, vol. 20, 1853, p. 221 [187]. 

Hymenosomidae Stimpson, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 10, 
1858, p. 108 [54]—BorrapaiLe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 19, 
1907, p. 480.—Atcock, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 69, 1900, pp. 280, 
282, 285, 291 and 385. 


Pinnotheridae-Hymenosominae Minrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, 
pp. 274-275. 


Majoidea-Hymenosomidae ORTMANN, in Bronn’s Thier Reich, vol. 5, pt. 2, 
Arthropoda, 1898, p. 1168. 
Hymenosomatidae STtEBBING, Marine Invest. 8. Africa, vol. 4, 1905, p. 49. 


Carapace thin and flat. Chelipeds not long or especially mobile 
or with fingers bent at an angle with the hand. Male openings 
sternal. There are no orbits and the eyes are exposed and little 
retractile. The palp of the external maxillipeds articulates near the 
antero-external angle of the merus. Antennular fossae shallow and 
ill defined. Antennal peduncle slender. No hooked hairs. 


Genus HALICARCINUS White 


Halicarcinus Wuitr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 18, 1846, p. 178; type, H. 
planatus (Fabricius). 

Liriopea Nicouet, in Gay, Hist. Chile, Zool., vol. 3, 1849, p. 158; type, L. 
leachii (Guérin). 

Epistome well defined. Antennules not concealed by front. No 
septum between antennules. Merus and ischium of outer maxilli- 
peds of subequal size. 

South Temperate zone. Only one species is American. 





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THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 563 


HALICARCINUS PLANATUS (Fabricius) 
Plate 202, fig. 5; plate 283 


?Cancer orbiculus Fasricius, Syst. Ent., 1775, p. 402 (type-locality, New 
Zealand; type in Brit. Mus.). 

Cancer See rice Fasrictus, Syst. Ent., 1775, p. 403 (type-locality, Terra del 
Fuego; type in Brit. Mus.). 

Leucosia planata Fasricius, Entom. Syst., Suppl., 1798, p. 350. 

Halicarcinus planatus Wuitr, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, vol. 18, 1846, 
p. 178, pl. 2, fig. 1—Dawna, U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 
1852, p. 385; atlas, 1855, pl. 24, figs. 7a and b.—Srepsine, Proc. Zool. 
Soc. London, 1900, p. 524, pl. 36B, and synonymy, except probably 
Hymenosoma planatum Haswell; Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 50, 
1914, p. 271, and synonymy.—Cui1Ton, Subantarctic Ids. of New Zea- 
land, art. 26, 1909, p. 609.—DoFrteEIn and Batss, Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. 
Anst., vol. 29, 1912, p. 35. 

Liriopea leachii Nea in Gay, Hist. Chile, Zool., vol. 3, 1849, p. 160; 
atlas, vol. 2, 1854, Crust., pl. 1, figs. 1-1f; type-locality, Chile; type not 
extant). 

Liriopea lucasii Nico.et, in Gay, Hist. Chile, Zool., vol. 3, 1849, p. 161 
(type-locality, Chile; type not extant). 

?Halicarcinus pubescens Dana, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 5, 
1851, p. 253; U. S. Expl. Exped., vol. 13, Crust., pt. 1, 1852, p. 386; 
atlas, 1855, pl. 24, fig. 8 (type-locality, off Cape Blanco, Patagonia, 50 
fathoms; type not extant). 


Diagnosis.—Lateral teeth of carapace below the marginal rim. 
Median frontal tooth a little smaller and less advanced than the 
lateral teeth. Supero-terminal tooth of merus of cheliped absent or 
obscure. Dactyli of ambulatory legs moderately curved. 

Description.—Carapace distinctly broader than long, ovate, nar- 
rowed before; flat or even depressed, surrounded except the marginal 
teeth by a sharp rim; median grooves linear, the branchial groove 
strongly angled, the gastro-cardiac groove bent slightly backward at 
the middle; a median cardiac groove. Three similar frontal teeth, 
the median somewhat smaller. Two lateral teeth forming angles 
below the marginal rim; the posterior of these teeth is well devel-— 
oped and acute; the anterior is smaller and variable, usually obtuse, 
sometimes acute, sometimes obsolescent on one or both sides. 

Chelipeds stout, especially in male; palms swollen, fingers nearly 
horizontal, gaping slightly in basal half, prehensile margins denticu- 
late, a tooth on the dactyl within the gape. Legs slender, diminishing 
in length from the first to the fourth pair, the longer pairs exceeding 
the chelipeds; dactyli flattened, not very slender, moderately curved. 

Abdomen of male constricted between the sixth and seventh seg- 
ments, the seventh segment subtriangular. 

Color.—Varying from slaty-blue to reddish-brown, legs banded 
(Mawson Exped.). | 

Measurements.—Male (18209), length of carapace 8.4, width 
10.3 mm. 


564 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Habitat.—Under stones and kelp (Stebbing). 

Range.—From Valparaiso, Chile, by way of Straits of Magellan 
to Patagonia; Falkland Islands; South Orkney Islands; Prince 
Edward Islands; Kerguelen Island; Macquarie Island; Campbell 
Island; Auckland Islands; New Zealand. To a depth of 270 meters 
(148 fathoms) (Doflein and Balss). 

Material examined.— 

Off Atlantic entrance to Straits of Magellan, Patagonia; lat. 52° 
23’ 00’’ S.; long. 68° 11’ 00’’ W.; 10 fathoms; fne. gy. S.; January 
17, 1888; station 2773, Albatross; 11 females (9 ovigerous) (22114). 

Straits of Magellan; Patagonia; 1888; Albatross: Lat. 52° 22’ 30’’ 
S.; long. 69° 22’ 00’’ W.; 29.5 fathoms; S. St.; January 18; station 
2775; 1 young female (22115). Lat. 52° 41’ 00’ S.; long. 69° 55’ 
30’’ W.; 21 fathoms; S. G.; January 18; station 2776; 1 female 
(22116). 

Laredo Bay, Patagonia; January 22, 1888; Albatross; 3 males, 
4 females (18209, 22120). 

Sandy Point, Patagonia; January 24, 1888; Albatross; 2 males, 
11 females (22117). 

Borja Bay, Patagonia; February 1, 1888; Albatross; 1 female 
(22123). 

Port Churruca, Patagonia; February 2, 1888; Albatross; 26 speci- 
mens (18210, 22118). 

Mayne Harbor, Patagonia; February 5, 1888; Albatross; 1 female 
(22124). 

Latitude Cove, Patagonia; February 6, 1888; Albatross; 30 females 
(22119). 

Port Otway, Patagonia; February 9, 1888; Albatross; 3 females 
(22122): 

Patagonia; Barnum Brown; 4 females (3 ovigerous) (53356); 
received from American Museum of Natural History. 

Valparaiso, Chile; specimens in Copenhagen Mus. 

Chiloe Island, Chile; January, 1923; Luis Moreira, collector; 
received from C. E. Porter; 1 male, 1 female (57003). 

Falkland Islands; W. L. Josselyn; 1 female (53355); received 
from American Museum of Natural History. 

Kerguelen Island; 1874; Dr. J. H. Kidder, U. S. N.; Transit of 
Venus Expedition; 1 male (19412); dredged in 5 fathoms, 3 speci- 
mens (2206); on rocky beach, 4 specimens (2207). 

Macquarie Island; Mawson Expedition; 50 specimens; 4 speci- 
mens in U. S. National Museum (49091). 

Cape Campbell, New Zealand; from Otago University Museum; 
1 male, 1 female (16234). 





EXPLANATION OF PLATES 


The photographs of the Parthenopidae were taken and retouched by John 
Howard Paine. The remainder of the photographs made for this report, unless 
otherwise indicated, were taken by the U. S. National Museum and retouched 
by Seward H. Rathbun. 

PuaTE 1 


Dasygyius depressus, male (21873), carapace 25.3 mm. long between tips of spines 


Fie. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PLATE 2 


Stenorynchus seticornis, male (42956), carapace 48.7 mm. long, dorsal view 
PuaTE 3 
Stenorynchus seticornis, same specimen as plate 2, ventral view 
PLATE 4 
Stenorynchus debilis, male (15544), carapace 34.5 mm. long, dorsal view 
PuaTE 5 
Stenorynchus debilis, same specimen as plate 4, ventral view 
PLATE 6 
Metoporhaphis calcarata, male (50981), carapace 21.3 mm. long, dorsal view 
PLATE 7 
Metoporhaphis calcarata, same specimen as plate 6, ventral view 
PuaTE 8 


Fig. 1. Anomalothir frontalis, male (15157), carapace 13 mm. long to tip of 
horns, dorsal view. 
2. Anomalothir furcillatus, female (54427), carapace 20.8 mm. long to end 
of horns, dorsal view. 
PuaTE 9 


Fic. 1. Anomalothir frontalis, male (15157), carapace 13 mm. long to tips of 
horns, ventral view. 
2. Anomalothir furcillatus, female (54427), carapace 20.8 mm. long to tips 
of horns, ventral view. 
Puate 10 


Achaeopsis thomsoni 


Fic. 1. Male (18672), carapace 10.3 mm. long to tips of horns, dorsal view. 
' 2. Same, ventral view. 
3. Female (18679), carapace 11.5 mm. long to tips of horns, dorsal view. 


5487—257——38 565 


566 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Puate 11 


Fig. 1. Podochela riisei, male (18075), carapace 18.7 mm. long, ventral view. 
2. Same, dorsal view. 
3. Podochela lobifrons, male holotype, carapace 20.4 mm. long, dorsal view. 
4. Same, ventral view. 
Puate 12 


Podochela sidneyi, male holotype, carapace 14 mm. long, dorsal view 
PuaTE 13 
Podochela sidneyi, same specimen as plate 12, ventral view 
PuatTe 14 
Podochela vestita, female (17330), carapace 9.8 mm. long. A bryozoan encrusts 


the right hepatic region 
Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 


2. Ventral view. 
PLATE 15 


Podochela margaritaria, male holotype, carapace 15 mm. long 


Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 


The loose legs are numbered according to their position on the body. 
PiatTe 16 


Podochela macrodera, male (18670), carapace 11.5 mm. long 


Fic. 


1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PLaTE 17 
Podochela gracilipes, male (18089), carapace 12.3 mm. long 
Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 


2. Ventral view. 
PuLaTE 18 


Podochela hemphillvi, male (21862), carapace 24.1 mm. long 


Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PLaTE 19 


Podochela curvirosiris, female (6945), carapace 21 mm. long 


Fie. 1. Dorsal view. 
2.- Ventral view. 
PLATE 20 - 
Fic. 1. Podochela lamelligera, female (18076), carapace 20 mm. long, dorsal view. 


2. Podochela lamelligera, male (18076), carapace 18.2 mm. long, ventral 
view. 

Podochela barbarensis, male holotype, carapace 23.8 mm. long, dorsal 
view. Rostrum bent abnormally to the right. 

4. Same, ventral view. 


co 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 567 


PLATE 21 


Podochela latimanus, male holotype, carapace 26 mm. long 


Fic. 1. Dorsal view 


Fig. 


Fic. 


2. Ventral view. 
PLATE 22 


1. Inachoides microrhynchus, male (40463), carapace 17.8 mm. long, dorsal 
view. 

2. Same, ventral view. 

3. Inachoides laevis, female (50641), with appendages separate, carapace 6.6 
mm. long, dorsal view. 

4. Same, ventral view. 

5. Inachoides laevis, old male (1247, M.C.Z.), carapace 10.7 mm. long, 
ventral view. 

6. Same, dorsal view. Figures 5 and 6 photographed by George Nelson, 
Museum of Comparative Zodlogy. 


PLATE 23 


1. Eucinetops blakiana, male holotype, carapace 4.4 mm. long, dorsal view. 

2. Same, ventral view. 

3. Eucinetops panamensis, male holotype, carapace 10.5 mm. long to tip of 
horns, dorsal view. 

4. Same, ventral view. Photographs of figures 3 and 4 by George Nelson, 
Museum of Comparative Zodlogy. 

5. Anasimus fugaz, male (24222), carapace 8 mm. long, ventral view. 

6. Same specimen, dorsal view. 


PLATE 24 


Oregonia gracilis, male (48833), carapace 65.4 mm. to tips of horns, dorsal view 


Fic. 


Fic. 


PLATE 25 
Oregonia gracilis, same specimen as plate 24, ventral view 
PLATE 26 
Oregonia bifurca, female holotype, carapace 26.4 mm. long, dorsal view 
PLATE 27 
Oregonia bifurca, same specimen as plate 26, ventral view 
PLATE 28 


Oregonia bifurca, male (46489), carapace 28.2 mm. long 


1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PLATE 29 


Collodes robustus, male (18763), carapace 26,3 mm. long to tips of horns 


1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PLATE 30 


Eurypodius latreillii, male (21887), carapace 69 mm. long, dorsal view 


568 


Fie. 1. 
. Same, ventral view. 
. Aepinus septemspinosus, male (24150), carapace 8 mm. long from tip of 


Fria. 1. 
. Same, dorsal view. a. Carapace and cheliped. 6. Ambulatory leg. 
. Euprognatha rastellifera marthae, male holotype, carapace 14.3 mm. to 


Fic. 


Fia. 1. 


Fia. 


OPP WDNR 


NO 


Fia. 1. 
. Ventral view. 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PuaTE 31 
Eurypodius latreillii, same specimen as plate 30, ventral view 
PLATE 32 


Arachnopsis filipes, male (18117), carapace 7 mm. long, dorsal view. 


posterior spine, dorsal view. 


. Same, ventral view. 


PLATE 33 


Euprognatha rastellifera, male (46979), carapace 9.3 mm. long, profile. 


tip of rostrum, ventral view. 


. Same, dorsal view. 


PLATE 34 


. Euprognatha rastellifera acuta, male (18108), carapace 10 mm. long. 

. Same, profile. 

. Euprognatha gracilipes, male (9509), carapace 8.8 mm. long, dorsal view. 
. Same, ventral view. 

. Euprognatha bifida, male holotype, carapace 9 mm. long to tips of 


rostrum, dorsal view. 


. Same, ventral view. 


PLATE 35 


Eurypodius longirostris, male holotype, Chile, carapace 19 mm. long to 
base of rostrum, dorsal view. After Miers. 


. Same, in profile. After Miers. 
. Euprognatha rastellifera=inermis, male, Guadeloupe, carapace 8.5 mm. 


long, in profile. After A. Milne Edwards. 


. Same, anterior part, ventral view. After A. Milne Edwards. 
. Euprognatha granulata, female cotype, carapace 8.9 mm. long, dorsal 


view. After Faxon. 


. Same, anterior part, ventral view. After Faxon. 


PLATE 36 


. Collodes granosus, female (21863), carapace 8.5 mm. long, dorsal view. 

. Same, ventral view. 

. Collodes obesus, female (46984), carapace 11 mm. long, dorsal view. 

. Same, ventral view. 

. Collodes trispinosus, male (9783), carapace 14 mm. long to tips of horns, 


dorsal view. 


. Same, ventral view. 
. Collodes rostratus, male (21864), carapace 11.4 mm. long, dorsal view. 
. Same, ventral view. 


PLATE 37 


Collodes tenuirostris, male (21867), carapace 18 mm. long 


Dorsal view. 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 569 


PuLaTE 38 


Fic. 1. Collodes levis, female cotype, carapace 5.3 mm. long, dorsal view. 

2. Same, ventral view. 

3. Collodes inermis, male (24142), carapace 8.6 mm. long, dorsal view. 

4. Same, ventral view. 

5. Collodes leptocheles, male holotype, carapace 16.5 mm. long to tips of 
horns, dorsal view. 

6. Same, ventral view. 


PLATE 39 


Fic. 1. Batrachonotus fragosus, male (47069), carapace 7.2 mm. long from tip 
of posterior spines to tips of rostrum, ventral view; also outer view of 
left cheliped. 

2. Same specimen, dorsal view. 


3. Batrachonotus fragosus, female (19943), carapace 6.6 mm. long, ventral 
view, chelipeds detached. 

4. Same specimen, dorsal view. 

5. Batrachonotus nicholsi, male (21872), carapace 9 mm. long, dorsal view. 

6. Same, ventral view. 

7. Batrachonotus nicholsi, female (21869), carapace 12.5 mm. long, dorsal 


view. 
8. Same, ventral view. 


PLaTE 40 
Fic. 1. Collodes tumidus, male holotype, carapace 11.6 mm. long, dorsal view. 
2. Same, ventral view. 
3. Pyromaia tuberculata, young male (21880), carapace 9 mm. long, 
dorsal view. 
PLaTE 41 
Fig. 1. Pyromaia cuspidata, female (46778), carapace 29 mm. long, dorsal view. 
2. Same, ventral view. 


3. Pyromaia cuspidata, male (46778), carapace 40.6 mm. long, with bar- 
nacles attached to rear, ventral view showing development of cheli- 


peds. 
PLATE 42 


Pyromaia arachna, male holotype, carapace 45 mm. long, dorsal view. A Lepas 
attached to rear 


PuatTe 43 


Pyromaia arachna, same specimen as plate 42, ventral view 


PLATE 44 
Acanthonyx petiverii, male (18673), carapace 14.8 mm. long to tips of horns 


Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 


2. Ventral view. 
PuatTe 45 


Fic. 1. Epialtus kingsleyi, male holotype, carapace 7.7 mm. long. a. Dorsal 
view of carapace. 6. Outer view of left cheliped. 
2. Epialtus dilatatus, female (47085), carapace 8.6 mm. long, dorsal view. 
3. Epialtus bituberculatus, male (24849), carapace 13.8 mm. long, dorsal 
view. 
4. Same, ventral view. 


570 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PuatEe 46 


Fic. 1. Epilatus hiltoni, male (18136), total length of carapace 10.8 mm., dorsal 
view. 
2. Same, ventral view. 
3. Epialtus sulcirostris, male, San Marcos Island, carapace 11.2 mm. long, 


ventral view. 
PLATE 47 


Fic. 1. Epialtus minimus, male, San Marcos Island, carapace 16 mm. long, 
dorsal view. 
2. Epialtus sulcirostris, male, San Marcos Island, carapace 11.2 mm. long, 


dorsal view. 
PuLaTE 48 


Epialtus dilatatus forma elongata, male holotype, total length of carapace 11.5 mm. 


Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PuaTe 49 


Fia. 1. Menaethiops portoricensis, female holotype, carapace 5.4 mm. long to 
tips of horns, dorsal view. 
2. Menaethiops portoricensis, male paratype, 314; horns broken off, 
ventral view. 
. Mocosoa crebripunctata, male (18129), carapace 7 mm. long, dorsal view. 
. Same, ventral view. 
5. Eupleurodon peruvianus, female holotype, total length of carapace 10 
mm., dorsal view, legs detached. 
6. Same, ventral view, legs removed. 


me 09 


PuaTE 50 
Taliepus nuttallii, male (3108), total length of carapace 100.5 mm., dorsal view 
PuaTe 51 5 
Taliepus nuttallii, same specimen as plate 50, ventral view 
PuaTE 52 
Taliepus marginatus, male (40459), total length of carapace 99.8 mm., dorsal view 
PLATE 53 
Taliepus marginatus, same specimen as plate 52, ventral view 
PLATE 54 
Taliepus dentatus, male (21903), total length of carapace 94.7 mm., dorsal view 
PLATE 55 
Taliepus dentatus, same specimen as plate 54, ventral view 
PLATE 56 


Pugettia producta, old male (47970), total length of carapace 87 mm., dorsal view 








THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 571 


PLATE 57 
Pugettia producta, same specimen as plate 56, ventral view 
PuaTE 58 


Pugettia gracilis, old male (5771), carapace 53.3 mm. long to tips of horns 


Fia. 1. Dorsal view. 


2. Ventral view. 
PuaTE 59 


Fic. 1. Pugettia dalli, male (17506), total length of carapace 10.8 mm., dorsal 
view. 

Same, ventral view. 

Pugettia dalli, female (17506), total length of carapace 12 mm., dorsal 
view. 


$a.bo 


4. Same, ventral view. 
5. Pugettia venetiae, male (50268), total length of carapace 16 mm. 
6. Pugettia venetiae, male (50268), left cheliped, upper length of palm 5.7 mm. 
7. Pugettia venetiae, female holotype, total length of carapace 20.7 mm., 
dorsal view. 
PLATE 60 
Mimulus foliatus, male (3291), total length of carapace 23 mm.; encrusted with 
bryozoans 
Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PuaTE 61 


Leucippa pentagona, male (21900), total length of carapace 16.3 mm. 
Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PLATE 62 
Sphenocarcinus corrosus, female (51071), total length of carapace 20.2 mm. 
Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PLATE 63 
Sphenocarcinus agassizi, male holotype, total length of carapace 35 mm. 
Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. ‘ 
PLATE 64 
Loxorhynchus grandis, male (17379), total length of carapace 84 mm., dorsal view 
PLATE 65 
Loxorhynchus grandis, same specimen as plate 64, ventral view 


PLATE 66 


Loxorhynchus crispatus, male (15601), total length of carapace 90 mm., dorsal 
view 


572 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PLATE 67 


Lozxorhynchus crispatus, same specimen as plate 66, ventral view 


PLATE 68 


Rochinia crassa, male (18671), total length of carapace 102.3 mm., dorsal view; 
encrusted with many barnacles, Poecilasma inaequilaterale Pilsbry 


PLATE 69 


Rochinia crassa, same specimen as plate 68, ventral view 


PuatEe 70 


Rochinia hystriz, male (46703), total length of carapace 41.4 mm., dorsal view 


PLATE 71 


Rochinia hystrix, same specimen as plate 70, ventral view 


PLatTE 72 


Rochina umbonata, male (11377), total length of carapace 26.5 mm. 


Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PLATE 73 


Fig. 1. Rochinia umbonata, female (11377), total length of carapace 30.5 mm., 
dorsal view. 
2. Lissa brasiliensis, female holotype, carapace 16.6 mm. long, dorsal view. 
Photograph by George Nelson, Museum of Comparative Zodlogy. 
3. Lissa bicarinata, female (24120), carapace 9.6 mm. long, dorsal view. 
4. Same, ventral view. 
PuatTe 74 


Libidoclaea smithii, male (21922), total length of carapace 48 mm., dorsal view 
PuLaTE 75 
Libidoclaea smithii, same specimen as plate 74, ventral view 
PLATE 76 
Libidoclaea granaria, male (21919), total length of carapace 38.7 mm., dorsal view 
: PLATE 77 
Libidoclaea granaria, same specimen as plate 76, ventral view 
PLATE 78 


Libidoclaea granaria, old male (1870, M. C. Z.), carapace 90.5 mm. long to tips 
of rostrum, dorsal view; encrusted with Balanus. Photograph by George 
Nelson, Museum of Comparative Zoélogy 


PLate 79 


Scyra acutifrons, male (31547), total length of carapace 32.4 mm. 


Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 573 


PLATE 80 


Trachymaia cornuta, male (11400), total length of carapace 16.2 mm. 


Fig. 1. Ventral view. 
2. Dorsal view. 
PLATE 81 


Notolopas lamellatus, male (48805), total length of carapace 20.2 mm. 


Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PLATE 82 


Leurocyclus gracilipes, male (21907), carapace 12.7 mm. long, dorsal view 
PLATE 83 
Leurocyclus gracilipes, same specimen as plate 82, ventral view 
PLATE 84 


Chionoecetes opilio, male (10207), total length of carapace 93.6 mm., dorsal view; 
encrusted with serpulids 


PuaTE 85 
Chionoecetes opilio, same specimen as plate 84, ventral view 
PLATE 86 
Chionoecetes bairdi, male (19307), total length of carapace 70.3 mm., dorsal view 
PLATE 87 
Chionoecetes bairdi, same specimen as plate 86, ventral view 
PLATE 88 
Chionoecetes tanneri, male (46468), total length of carapace 94.5 mm., dorsal view 
PLATE 89 
Chionoecetes tanneri, same specimen as plate 88, ventral view 
PLATE 90 


Chionoecetes angulatus, male holotype, median length of carapace 73 mm., dorsal 
view 


PuaTE 91 
Chionoecetes angulatus, same specimen as plate 90, ventral view 
PLATE 92 
Hyas araneus, male (10229), total length of carapace 72.4 mm., dorsal view 
PLATE 93 
Hyas araneus, same specimen as plate 92, ventral view 
PLATE 94 


Hyas coarctatus, male (4554), total length of carapace 29.5 mm., dorsal view 


574 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PLaTE 95 
Hyas coarctatus, same specimen as plate 94, ventral view 
PuaTE 96 


Hyas coarctatus alutaceus, male (15873), total length of carapace 77 mm., dorsal 
view 


PLATE 97 


Hyas coarctatus alutaceus, same specimen as plate 96, ventral view 


PLATE 98 
Fia. 1. Pelia pacifica, male (46077), total length of carapace 12.2 mm., ventral 
view. 
2. Pelia mutica, male (14458), total length of carapace 12.8 mm., dorsal 
view. 


3. Same, ventral view. 
PLATE 99 


Fie. 1. Pelia pacifica, male (46077), total length of carapace 12.2 mm., dorsal 
view; overgrown with sponge and bryozoans. 
2. Pelia tumida, male (16348), total length of carapace 12.5 mm., dorsa 
view. 
3. Same, ventral view. 
PuaTE 100 


Pelia rotunda, male (17321), total length of carapace 17.5 mm.; Balanus attached 


Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PuatTe 101 


Micropisa violacea, male (334, Mus. Paulista), length of carapace 51 mm. 


Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PLatTe 102 


Nibilia antilocapra, male (14091), total length of carapace 54.2 mm., dorsal view 
PuaTEe 103 
Nibilia antilocapra, same specimen as plate 102, ventral view 
PuaTE 104 


Fig. 1. Herbstia depressa, female, Barbados, total length of carapace 14.8 mm., 
dorsal view. (After Rathbun.) Photograph lent by State University 
of Iowa. 

2. Herbstia pyriformis, male (1895, M. C. Z.), total length of carapace 14.7 
mm., dorsal view. 

3. Same, ventral view. Figures 2 and 3 photographed by George Nelson, 
Museum of Comparative Zodlogy. 


; Puate 105 
Fig. 1. Herbstia camptacantha, male cotype (991, M. C. Z.), length of carapace 
17.1 mm., dorsal view. 
2. Same, ventral view. 





THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 575 


Fie. 3. Herbstia edwardsii, female (1879, M. C. Z.), total length of carapace 10.5 
mm., dorsal view. 
4, Same, ventral view. Figures 1-4 photographed by George Nelson, 
Museum of Comparative Zoélogy. 
5. Herbstia tumida, female (Amer. Mus.), total length of carapace 13.5 mm., 
dorsal view. 
6. Same, ventral view. 


Puate 106 


Herbstia parvifrons, male (32962), total length of carapace 43.3 mm. 
Fia. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PuatTEe 107 


Chorinus heros, male (47353), total length of carapace 54 mm. 


Fie. 1. Ventral view. 
2. Dorsal view. 
PLATE 108 


Holoplites armata, female (6941), total length of carapace 23.4 mm. 


Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PLATE 109 


Libinia erinacea, immature female (46292), length of carapace measured between 
tips of spines 32.2 mm. 
Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
Puate 110 


Libinia emarginata, male (3136), total length of carapace 82.6 mm., dorsal view 
PuatTe 111 
Libinia emarginata, same specimen as plate 110, ventral view 
PuaTE. 112 


Libinia emarginata, variety, female (15203), total length of carapace 71.5 mm., 
dorsal view 


PuaTE 113 
Libinia emarginata, variety, same specimen as plate 112, ventral view 
PuatTe 114 
Libinia dubia, male (4905), total length of carapace 83.4 mm., dorsal view 
Puate 115 
Libinia dubia, same specimen as plate 114, ventral view 
PLATE 116 


Libinia rhomboidea, male (48671), total length of carapace 90 mm., dorsal view 
PLATE 117 
Libinia rhomboidea, same specimen as plate 116, ventral view 


PuaTE 118 


Libinia ferreirae, female (47833), total length of carapace 50.6 mm., dorsal view 


576 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Puate 119 


Libinia ferreirae, same specimen as plate 118, ventral view. Endopodite of 
right outer maxilliped removed 


PuatTe 120 


Libinia spinosa, male, Ilha Victoria (Mus. Paulista), total length of carapace 
69.8 mm., dorsal view 


Puate 121 
Libinia spinosa, same specimen as plate 120, ventral view 


Puate 122 


Fig. 1. Libinia dubia, young male (Phila. Acad.), holotype of L. subspinosa 
Streets, median length of carapace 37 mm., dorsal view. 
2. Libinia rostrata, male, Brazil (Phila. Acad.), median length of carapace 
70.4 mm., dorsal view. Photograph by the Philadelphia Academy of 
Natural Sciences. 
PLaTE 123 


Paramithrax baéckstrémi, male (55121), length of carapace 16.3 mm. 


Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PLaTe 124 


Fic. 1. Hemus cristulipes, female (19724), carapace 7.6 mm. long, dorsal view. 

2. Hemus analogus, female (21573), carapace 8.2 mm. long, dorsal view; 
chelipeds and legs detached. 

3. Same, ventral view; chelipeds and legs detached, outer maxillipeds 
removed. 

4. Thoe aspera, male (23773), carapace 10 mm. long to tips of rostrum, 
dorsal view. 

5. Same, ventral view. 

Puate 125 


Fig. 1. Thoe puella, male (46739), carapace 11.4 mm. long to tips of rostrum, 

dorsal view. 

2. Same, ventral view. 

3. Thoe sulcata, male (47121), carapace 13.6 mm. long to tips of rostrum, 
dorsal view. 

4. Same, ventral view. 

5. Thoe panamensis, male (48786), carapace 13.4 mm. long to tips of rostrum, 
dorsal view; inclined a little to left side. 

6. Same, ventral view. 


PuatTe 126 


Picroceroides tubularis, male (49084), carapace 20 mm. long 


Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PLaTE 127 


Pitho aculeata, male (14054), carapace 24.2 mm. wide 


Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 


Fia. 


noe 


Fic. 


whe 


Fic: 1. 


be 


Fia. 


Noe 


Fia. 


mem OW De 


Fic. 


_ 


Bias v. 


bo 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 577 


PLATE 128 


. Pitho lherminieri, male (51003), carapace 14.8 mm. wide, dorsal view. 
. Pitho lherminieri, female (51058), carapace 15.2 mm. wide, dorsal view. 
. Pitho mirabilis, female (15807), carapace 17.7 mm. wide, dorsal view. 


PuatTe 129 


Pitho lherminieri, male (51003), carapace 14.8 mm. wide, ventral view. 


. Pitho lherminieri, female (51058), carapace 15.2 mm. wide, ventral view. 
. Pitho mirabilis, male (15807), carapace 13.7 mm. wide, ventral view. 


PLATE 130 


Pitho sexdentata, female (55116), carapace 12.3 mm. wide, dorsal view. 
Pitho picteti, male (50654), carapace 17.6 mm. wide, dorsal view. 


. Same, ventral view. 


PuatTe 131 


Pitho anisodon, male (15093), carapace 28.7 mm. wide 


. Dorsal view. 
. Ventral view. 


PLATE 132 


. Pitho dispar, female (24205), carapace 16 mm. wide, dorsal view. 

. Pitho quadridentata, male (19585), carapace 23 mm. wide, dorsal view. 

. Pitho laevigata, female (53051), carapace 34.4 mm. wide, dorsal view. 

. Pitho laevigata, carapace of Herbst’s specimen, 34.8 mm. wide, dorsal 


view. 
PuaTE 133 


. Pitho dispar, female (24205), carapace 16 mm. wide, ventral view. 
. Pitho quadridentata, male (19585), carapace 23 mm. wide, ventral view. 
. Pitho laevigata, female (53051), carapace 34.4 mm. wide, ventral view. 


Puate 134 


Leptopisa setirosiris, male (47065), total length of carapace 22.6 mm., 
dorsal view. 


. Same, ventral view. 
. Leptopisa setirostris, male (6929), total length of carapace 22 mm., 


dorsal view. 


. Anaptychus cornutus, male (46076), total length of carapace 17 mm., 


dorsal view. 


. Same, ventral view. 


Puate 135 


Mithrax spinosissimus, old male (41777), total length of carapace 170 mm., 


Fia. 1. 
. Same, ventral view. 

. Mithraz spinipes, male (16064), carapace 10.3 mm. wide, ventral view. 
. Same, dorsal view. 


Hm CW bo 


Era 


dorsal view 
PLATE 136 


Mithrazx acuticornis, male (25592), carapace 18.7 mm. wide, dorsal view. 


PuatTe 137 


Mithrax bahamensis, male (42513), carapace 16.4 mm. wide, ventral view. 


. Same, dorsal view. 
. Mithrax cornutus, female (32717), total length of carapace 40.4 mm., 


dorsal view. 


. 


578 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Fic. 4. Mithraz cornutus (9502), carapace only, total length 32.4 mm., dorsal 
view. 
PLATE 138 


Fig. 1. Mithrax holderi, female (25567), total length of carapace 27 mm., dorsal 
view. 
2. Same, ventral view. 
3. Mithrazx pilosus, female, type of Cancer aculeatus Herbst in Berlin 
Museum, much reduced. 


PLATE 139 
Mithrax hemphilli 


Fie. 1. Male, Guadeloupe, in Geneva Museum, total length of carapace 34.5 
mm., dorsal view. 
2. Female (21948), total length of carapace 25.3 mm., dorsal view. 
3. Same, ventral view. 
PuiatTe 140 


Mithrax orcutti, female, Mexico, in Philadelphia Academy, total length of 
carapace 49 mm., dorsal view 


PuatTe 141 
Mithrax orcutti, same specimen as plate 140, ventral view 
PuaTe 142 
Mithrax bellii, male (25672), total length of carapace 63.6 mm., dorsal view 
PLATE 143 


Mithrazx bellii, same specimen as plate 142, ventral view 


PuatEe 144 
Mithraz verrucosus, male (15075), total length of carapace 47.4 mm. 


Fre. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
Puate 145 


Mithrax hispidus, old male (41523), length of carapace 84.2 mm., dorsal view 


PLATE 146 


Mithrax hispidus, male (20706), total length of carapace 25.5 mm. 


Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PuaTe 147 


Fic. 1. Mithraz braziliensis, male (Rio de Janeiro) in Geneva Museum, total 
length of carapace 23 mm., dorsal view. 

. Mithraz tortugae, female (50442), carapace 24.8 mm. wide, dorsal view. 

. Mithrax hispidus, variety, male (21949), total length of carapace 51.1 
mm., dorsal view. 


On 


Puate 148 


Mithrazx caribbaeus, male holotype, total length of carapace 66.3 mm., dorsal 
view. (After Rathbun) 


a s-SC CC 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 579 


PuiatTe 149 
Mithraz caribbaeus, same specimen as plate 148, ventral view 
PuatTe 150 
Mithrax pleuracanthus 


Fig. 1. Male (7651), total length of carapace 23.8 mm., dorsal view. 
2. Male (6983), total length of carapace 28.3 mm., dorsal view. 


PuaTe 151 


Mithraz tuberculatus, male (23178), carapace 13 mm. wide, dorsal view. 
. Same, ventral view. 

. Mithraz sinensis, male (21951), carapace 12.7 mm. wide, dorsal view. 

. Same, ventral view. 


Fia. 


moh 


PuatTEe 152 
Mithraz (Mithraculus) sculptus, male (14058), carapace 22.2 mm. wide 


Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 


PuaTE 153 
Mithrax (Mithraculus) coryphe, male (21957), carapace 26.5 mm. wide 


Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
Puate 154 


Fic. 1. Mithrax (Mithraculus) areolatus, young (53961), total length of carapace 
5.3 mm., dorsal view. 
2. Mithraz (Mithraculus) denticulatus, male (38209), carapace 18.9 mm. wide, 
dorsal view. 
3. Same, ventral view. 
Puate 155 


Mithrax (Mithraculus) nodosus, male (25673), carapace 29.4 mm. wide. Right 
hind leg aborted 
Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PLATE 156 


Mithrax (Mithraculus) forceps, male (46810), carapace 20.5 mm. wide 


Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PuaTEe 157 


Mithrax (Mithraculus) ruber, male (503877), carapace 13.2 mm. wide 


Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
Puate 158 


Mithrax (Mithraculus) cinctimanus, male (17963), carapace 18.7 mm. wide 


Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 


580 


Fia. 1. 


ID op Ww 


oo 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Puate 159 


Teleophrys cristulipes, female (1226, M. C. Z.), much enlarged, ventral 
view. 


. Same, dorsal view. Figures 1 and 2 photographed by George Nelson, 


Museum of Comparative Zodlogy. 


. Teleophrys ornatus, female (23774), carapace 5.5 mm. long, ventral view. 
. Same, dorsal view. 
. Teleophrys pococki, male (25765), carapace 7.3 mm. long, ventral view. 
. Same, dorsal view. 
. Teleophrys cristulipes, male (46079), carapace 8 mm. long, ventral view, 


to show chelae. 


. Teleophrys tumidus, old male (40466), carapace 19 mm. wide, inclined a 


little to right, dorsal view. 


. Same, ventral view. 


PLATE 160 


Stenocionops furcata, male (49902), total length of carapace 126.3 mm. long, 


dorsal view 


Puate 161 


Stenocionops furcata, same specimen as plate 160, ventral view 


PLaTeE 162 


Stenocionops contigua, old male (18512), total length of carapace 66.4 mm., 


Fia. 


Fia. 


Fia. 


dorsal view 


PuaTE 163 


Stenocionops contigua, same specimen as plate 162, ventral view 


Puate 164 


Stenocionops furcata coelata, male (51018), carapace 44 mm. long 


A: 
2. 


Ventral view. 
Dorsal view. 
Puate 165 


. Stenocionops triangulata, male (21940), total length of carapace 30 mm., 


dorsal view. 


. Stenocionops spinosissima, female (32712), total length of carapace 94 


mm., dorsal view. 
PuatTH 166 


. Macrocoeloma trispinosum, male (17959), total length of carapace 33.7 


mm., ventral view. 


. Macrocoeloma trispinosum nodipes, male (46915), total length of carapace 


44.8 mm., ventral view. 
PLATE 167 


Macrocoeloma trispinosum 


Fig. 1. Male (17959), total length of carapace 33.7 mm., dorsal view. 
2. Male (43027), covered with sponge, dorsal view, length of right chela 


21.5 mm. 


Fic. 


Fig. 


Fia. 


Fic. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 581 


PLaTE 168 


Macrocoeloma trispinosum, variety, male (43015), total length of carapace 
42.6 mm., dorsal view. 

Macrocoeloma trispinosum nodipes, male (46915), total length of carapace 
44.8 mm., dorsal view. 


PLaTE 169 


Macrocoeloma diplacanthum, female (9365), total length of carapace 
28.2 mm., dorsal view. 

Macrocoeloma laevigatum, male (46933), total length of carapace 24.8 
mm., dorsal view. 


Same, ventral view. 
PuatTe 170 


. Macrocoeloma eutheca, female (46932), total length of carapace 24 mm., 


dorsal view. 
Macrocoeloma intermedium, male (9492), total length of carapace 25.3 
mm., dorsal view. 
Macrocoeloma concavum, female (24214), total length of carapace 37 mm., 
dorsal view. 
PuatTe 171 


. Macrocoeloma eutheca, female (46932), total length of carapace 24 mm., 


ventral view. 
Macrocoeloma intermedium, male (9492), total length of carapace 25.3 
mm., ventral view. 
Macrocoeloma concavum, female (24214), total length of carapace 37 mm., 
ventral view. 
Puate 172 


Macrocoeloma subparallelum, male (48666), total length of carapace 34.6 mm. 


res 1: 
2. 


Fig. 


Fic. 


co 


me OO 


Dorsal view. 
Ventral view. 
PLATE 173 


. Macrocoeloma heptacanthum, female (21933), total length of carapace 


11.1 mm., dorsal view. 


. Macrocoeloma septemspinosum, male (15128), total length of carapace 


24 mm., dorsal view. 


. Same, ventral view. 


PuaTe 174 


. Microphrys interruptus, male, Antigua (Mus. 8. U. I.), total length of 


carapace 16.7 mm., dorsal view. (After Rathbun.) Photograph lent 
by the State University of Iowa. 


. Microphrys interruptus, male (48753), total length of carapace 10.7 mm., 


ventral view. Rhizocephalid parasite under abdomen. 


. Same, dorsal view. 


Macrocoeloma camptocerum, male (46912), total length of carapace 40.8 
mm., ventral view. 


PuatTe 175 


Microphrys bicornutus, male (7580), total length of carapace 36.8 mm. 


Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 


2. 


Ventral view. 


582 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Puate 176 


Fic. 1. Microphrys platysoma, male (20292), total length of carapace 17.2 mm., 
dorsal view. (After Rathbun.) 
. Same, ventral view. 
Microphrys antillensis, male (43017), total length of carapace 14.1 mm., 
dorsal view. 
. Same, ventral view. 
5. Microphrys branchialis, male (21576), total length of carapace 15.3 mm., 
dorsal view. 
6. Same, ventral view. 


bo 


= 


us 


PuaTe 177 
Microphrys triangulatus, male (21943), total length of carapace 15.2 mm. 


Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 


2. Ventral view. 
PLATE 178 


Parthenope agonus, male (15173), carapace 15.2 mm. long, dorsal view 
Puate 179 
Parthenope agonus, same specimen as plate 178, ventral view 
Pate 180 | 


Parthenope (Platylambrus) serrata, male (18675), carapace 18.6 mm. long, dorsal 
view 


Puate 181 
Parthenope (Platylambrus) serrata, same specimen as plate 180, ventral view 
e PLATE 182 


Parthenope (Platylambrus) pourtalesii, male (48883), carapace 36.2 mm. long, 
dorsal view 


PuaTe 183 
Parthenope (Platylambrus) pourtalesii, same specimen as plate 182, ventral view 
PuatTE 184 


Parthenope (Platylambrus) exilipes, female (20599), carapace 27.4 mm. long, 
dorsal view 


PuLatTE 185 
Parthenope (Platylambrus) exilipes, same specimen as plate 184, ventral view 
PLATE 186 


Parthenope (Platylambrus) fraterculus, male (15182), carapace 14.4 mm. long, 
dorsal view 


PuaTE 187 


Parthenope (Platylambrus) fraterculus, same specimen as plate 186, ventral view 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 583 


PLaTE 188 
Parthenope (Platylambrus) depressiuscula, female (17866), carapace 26.7 mm. long 


Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 


2. Ventral view. 
PLATE 189 


Parthenope (Pseudolambrus) excavata, female (3270), carapace 32.3 mm. long 


Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 


2. Ventral view. 
Puate 190 


Fic. 1. Parthenope (Platylambrus) guerini, (45.7a Brit. Mus.), type of Lambrus 
crenatus White, dorsal view. Photographed by the British Museum. 
2. Parthenope (Platylambrus) fraterculus, female (46043), carapace 12.2 mm. 
long, dorsal view. 
PuaTEe 191 


Parthenope (Platylambrus) guerini, female (55783), carapace 31.4 mm. long 


Fie. 1. Dorsal view. 


2. Ventral view. 
PuatTe 192 


Solenolambrus typicus, male (48885), carapace 11.7 mm. long 


Fie. 1. Front view. 
2. Dorsal view. 


3. Ventral view. 
PLATE 193 


Solenolambrus typicus, male (18438), carapace 10 mm. long 


Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 


2. Ventral view. 
PLATE 194 


Fic. 1. Solenolambrus decemspinosus, male (18157), carapace 6 mm. long, dorsa 
view. 5 

. Same, ventral view. 

. Solenolambrus tenellus, male (18678), carapace 5.6 mm. long, dorsal view. 

. Same, ventral view. 

. Solenolambrus portoricensis, male (24237), carapace 7.3 mm. long, dorsal 
view. 

. Same, ventral view. 


oF Ww bo 


a 


PLATE 195 


Aethra scruposa scutata, male, Mazatlan, carapace 60 mm. long. After A. Milne 
Edwards 

Fig. 1. Chela. 

2. Outer maxilliped. 

3. First leg. 

4. Antennal region. 

5. Fourth leg. 

6 


. Entire animal, dorsal view. 


584 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PuLate 196 


Thyrolambrus astroides, male (18160), carapace 18 mm. long 


Fic. 


_ 


Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PLATE 197 


Thyrolambrus erosus, male (21577), carapace 14.4 mm. long 


Fic. 


— 


. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view: 
Puate 198 


Leiolambrus punctatissimus, male (18180), carapace 13 mm. long 


Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PuaTe 199 
Leiolambrus nitidus, male (23776), carapace 6.4 mm. long 
Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PLATE 200 
Mesorhoea sexspinosa, male (49202), carapace 6.8 mm. long 
Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PuaTe 201 
Mesorhoea bellii, female (17370), caramace 15.5 mm. long 
Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Ventral view. 
PLATE 202 
Fia. 1. Cryptopodia hassleri, male holotype, carapace 6.3 mm. long, ventral view. 


2. Same, dorsal view. Figures 1 and 2 photographed by George Nelson, 
Museum of Comparative Zodlogy. 

. Cryptopodia concava, female (49201), carapace 9 mm. long, dorsal view. 

Same, ventral view. 

5. Halicarcinus planatus, female (22117), carapace 9.5 mm. long, dorsal 
view. 


He oO 


PuiaTe 203 


Fig. 1. Heterocrypta granulata, male (5159), carapace 13.2 mm. long, ventral 
view. 
. Same, dorsal view. 
3. Heterocrypta macrobrachia, male (21973), carapace 14 mm. long, dorsal 
view. 
4. Same, ventral view. 


to 


PuatTE 204 


Heterocrypta occidentalis, male (48905), carapace 19.4 mm. long, dorsal view 


PuaTE 205 


Heterocrypta occidentalis, same specimen as plate 204, ventral view 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 585 


PuaTe 206 


Anomalothir furcillatus, male, Samboes, carapace 13.6 mm. long. After A. 
Milne Edwards 

Fia. 1. Dorsal view. 

2. Antennal region, ventral view. 

3. Carapace in profile. 

4. Abdomen. 

5. Outer maxilliped. 


PLATE 207 


Anomalothir frontalis, male, Barbados, carapace 13.6 mm. long. After A. Milne 
Edwards. 
. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Antennal region, ventral view. 
3. Carapace in profile. 
4. Chela, outer view. 
5. Sternum and abdomen. 


PLATE 208 


Fic. 1. Podochela grossipes, male, St. Thomas, carapace 13.5 mm. long, dorsal 
view. After Stimpson. 
2. Podochela riisei, female, St. Thomas, carapace 18 mm. long, dorsal view. 
After Stimpson. 
PuaTE 209 


Fig. 1. Podochela margaritaria, male holotype, carapace 15 mm. long, dorsal 
view. After Rathbun. 
2. Podochela hemphillii, male (21862), carapace 24.1 mm. long, dorsal view. 
After Rathbun. 


PuLaTE 210 


Podochela curvirostris, male, Barbados, carapace 29 mm. long. After A. Milne 
Edwards 
Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Antennal region, ventral view. 
3. Carapace in profile. 
a. Sternum and abdomen. 


PLATE 211 


Anasimus fugazx, male, Antilles, carapace 14.4mm.long. After A. Milne Edwards 


Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Antennal region, ventral view. 
3. Carapace in profile. 
4. Outer maxilliped. 
PLATE 212 


Erileptus spinosus, male (17341), carapace 8.3 mm. long, dorsal view. After 
Rathbun 


PuatTE 213 


Erileptus spinosus, female (17340), type of Anasimus rostratus, carapace 7.5 mm 
long, dorsal view. After Rathbun 


586 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PLATE 214 


Anasimus latus, male holotype, carapace 25.5 mm. long. After Rathbun 


Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Outer maxilliped. 
3. Ventral view of body. 
4. Carapace in profile. 
PuatEe 215 


Eurypodius latreillii. After Targioni Tozzetti. The two forms which he called 
latreillii and audouini are here combined 


. Cheliped (latreillii). 

. Leg (audouini). 

. Second leg (audowini). 

. Third leg (audowini). 

. Cheliped (audouini). 

Outer maxilliped (audouini). 

Second maxilliped (audoutini). 

. Abdomen of female (latreilliz). 

. Anterior portion, ventral view (audouini). 
10. Carapace (audouini). 

11. Dactyl, upper view (latrezlliz). 

12. First maxilliped (audowini). 

13. Anterior portion, ventral view (latreillit). 
14. Second maxilliped (latreillit). 

15. First maxilliped (latreilliz). 


Fic. 


CHONAARWHH 


PuaTE 216 


Euprognatha rastellifera marthae, male, station 922, Fish Hawk, carapace about 
14 mm. long. After Smith 
Fie. 1 Dorsal view. 


2. Carapace in profile. 
PLATE 217 


Fic. 1. Collodes granosus, female holotype, carapace 9.1 mm. long, dorsal view. 
After Stimpson. 
2. Collodes obesus, female, Florida Strait, carapace 14.2 mm. long, anterior 
part, ventral view. 
Same, left chela. 
Same, dorsal view. 
5. Carapace of same, in profile. 
Figures 2 to 5, after A. Milne Edwards. 
6. Collodes armatus, female holotype, carapace 9 mm. long, dorsal view. 
After Rathbun. 


ieeGe 


PuLatTEe 218 


Fie. 1. Pyromaia tuberculata, male (17350), carapace 14.6 mm. long, in profile. 
Same, dorsal view. 
Body of same, ventral view. 
Outer maxilliped. 
Figures 1 to 4, after Rathbun. 
5. Collodes tumidus, male (21571), carapace 11.6 mm. long, dorsal view. 
After Rathbun. 


Boo Ne 


Fig. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 587 


PuaTe 219 


Aepinus septemspinosus, male, Florida Strait, carapace 11 mm. long, 
sternum and abdomen. 


. Carapace, in profile. 

. Dorsal view. 

. Arachnopsis filipes, male, Florida Strait, carapace 6.6 mm. long, in profile. 
. Dorsal view. 


Figures 1 to 5, after A. Milne Edwards. 


. Eucinetops rubellula, male holotype, total length of carapace 8 mm., 


dorsal view. After Stimpson. 


PuLaTE 220 


. Epialtus brasiliensis, male, Rio de Janeiro, carapace about 14 mm. long, 


dorsal view. After Dana. 


. Taliepus marginatus, young female, Rio de Janeiro, slightly reduced, 


dorsal view. After Bell. 


PuatTEe 221 


Taliepus marginatus, male, Valparaiso, carapace 102 mm. long, dorsal view. 


Fic. 


Aon mR ON pe 


10. 
at, 
12. 


After Bell 
PLATE 222 


. Acanthonyzx petiverti, male, Guadeloupe, about natural'size, dorsal view. 
. Anterior half, ventral view. 


Chela. 


. End of first ambulatory leg. 
. End of third ambulatory leg. 
. End of fourth ambulatory leg. 


Figures 1 to 6, after A. Milne Edwards. 


. Leucippa pentagona, male, Rio de Janeiro, carapace 9 mm. long to end 


of rostrum, dorsal view. 


. Anterior portion, ventral view. 
. Part of cheliped. 


Figures 7 to 9, after Dana. 
Esopus crassus, female holotype, carapace 13 mm. long, dorsal view. 
Same, anterior part, ventral view. 
Carapace in profile. 

Figures 10 to 12, after A. Milne Edwards. 


PLATE 223 


. Sphenocarcinus agassizi, male, Panama, total length of carapace 39 mm., 


dorsal view. 


. Anterior part, ventral view. 


Figures 1 and 2, after Faxon. 


. Sphenocarcinus corrosus, female, Barbados, carapace 16 mm. long, dorsal 


view. 


. Carapace, in profile. 
. Anterior part, ventral view. 


Figures 3 to 5, after A. Milne Edwards. 


588 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PLATE 224 
After Dana 


Fia. 1. Chorilia longipes, female, carapace 42 mm, long, dorsal view. 
2. Frontal region of same, in profile. 
3. Anterior half of same, ventral view. 
4. Scyra acutifrons, male, Oregon, total length of carapace 28 mm., dorsal 
view. 
5. Anterior half of same, ventral view. 


PLATE 225 


Chorilia longipes turgida, male (15500), carapace 69.8 mm. long, dorsal view. 
After Rathbun 


PLATE 226 
Rochinia crassa, after Smith 


Fie. 1. Male, Blake station 319, total length of carapace 35.2 mm., dorsal view. 
2. Female (5693), total length of carapace 71 mm., dorsal view. 
3. Anterior half of same, ventral view. 


PLATE 227 


Fic. 1. Rochinia tanneri, male, cotype, Fish Hawk station 1043, total length of 
carapace 28 mm., dorsal view. After Smith. 
2. Rochinia cornuta, male (21572), carapace 35.9 mm. long from posterior 
margin to end of rostrum, dorsal view. After Rathbun. 


PLATE 228 


Rochinia occidentalis, male (4404, M. C. Z.), median length of carapace 45 mm., 
dorsal view. After Faxon 


PLATE 229 


Fig. 1. Rochinia gracilipes, male, Cape Corrientes, carapace 23 mm. long, an- 
terior half, ventral view. 

Same, dorsal view of entire specimen. 

Carapace of same, in profile. 

Chela. 
Figures 1 to 4, after A. Milne Edwards. 

5. Rochinia occidentalis, male (4404, M. C. Z.), median length of carapace 
45 mm., ventral view. After Faxon. 


Wo 


PLATE 230 


Rochinia vesicularis, male, holotype, total length of carapace 20.7 mm. After 
Rathbun 
Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Anterior portion, ventral view. 


PuatTe 231 


Fie. 1. Libidoclaea granaria, male, hi. Patagonia, total length of carapace 60 mm., 
abdomen. 
2. Same, anterior part, ventral view. 
Figures 1 and 2, after Dana. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 589 


Fia. 3. Libidoclaea smithii, male, Chile, carapace nearly 26 mm. long, anterior 
part, ventral view. After Miers. 
4. Libidoclaea granaria, male holotype, Valparaiso, carapace 67 mm. long, 
anterior part in profile. 
5. Same, outer maxilliped. 
6. Same, anterior part, ventral view. 
Figures 4 to 6, after Milne Edwards and Lucas. 


PLATE 232 


Fic. 1. Oplopisa spinipes, female, Florida Strait, carapace including rostrum, 
12.5 mm. long, anterior part, ventral view. 
2. Same, dorsal view. 
3. Trachymaia cornuta, male (2763, M. C. Z.), carapace 12 mm. long, seen 
in profile. 
4. Same, anterior part, ventral view. 
5. Same, dorsal view. 
Figures 1 to 5, after A. Milne Edwards. 
6. Leurocyclus tuberculosus, male type, carapace 52 mm. long, anterior part, 
ventral view. 
. Same, mouth parts. 
. Same, outer maxilliped. 
. Same, chela. 
. Same, merus of outer maxilliped. 
. Same, antennal region. 
Figures 6 to 11, after Milne Edwards and Lucas. 


= 
mm © OO OO NI 


PLATE 233 
Leurocyclus tuberculosus, male type, carapace 52mm. long. After Milne Edwards 
and Lucas 
Fig. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Sternum. 
PLATE 234 


Chionoecetes tanneri, male holotype, carapace 119 mm. long to base of horns, 
dorsal view. After Rathbun 


PLATE 235 


Hyas lyraius, male (15922), total length of carapace 85 mm., dorsal view. After 
Rathbun 


PLATE 236 


Pisoides edwardsii 


Fic. 1. Specimen from Valparaiso, antennal and orbital region, ventral view. 
2. Same, outer maxilliped. 
Figures 1 and 2, after Dana. 





3. Cotype, 23 mm. long, dorsal view. 
4. Same, rostrum and orbits, viewed obliquely. 
5. Same, antennal and orbital region, ventral view. 
6. Same, outer maxilliped. 
7. Same, dactylus of an ambulatory leg. 
Figures 3 to 7, after Milne Edwards and Lucas. 
5487—257 39 


590 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PLATE 237 


Notolopas brasiliensis, male (16315), carapace 13 mm. long on median line, dorsal 


Bree i: 


Nibilia 


rg sds 


oe W bd 


ono 


10. 
he 
12. 
13. 


wes, 1b 


He CO bO 


CON De 


view. After Rathbun 
PLATE 238 
After Miers 


Notolopas lamellatus, male (Brit. Mus.), anterior portion, ventral view, 
X 5.5. 


. Notolopas brasiliensis, male holotype, carapace 10 mm. long on median 


line, abdomen. 


. Notolopas brasiliensis, variety with horns more divergent, male, carapace 


16 mm. long on median line, anterior portion, ventral view. 


. Notolopas brasiliensis, male holotype, carapace 10 mm. long on median 


line, dorsal view. 
' PLATE 239 


antilocapra, male, Guadeloupe, total length of carapace 102 mm., dorsal 
view. After A. Milne Edwards 


PuatTe 240 


Herbstia edwardsii, male, Galapagos, total length of carapace about 17 
mm., anterior portion, ventral view. 


. Same, abdomen. 

. Same, dorsal view. 

. Herbstia edwardsii, female, Galapagos, abdomen, enlarged. 

. Herbstia pyriformis, male, Galapagos, carapace about 20 mm. long, 


anterior part, ventral view. 


. Same, cheliped. 
. Same, abdomen. 
. Same, dorsal view of entire animal. 


Figures 1 to 8, after Bell. 


. Herbstia camptacantha, male, Acapulco, carapace 16.5 mm. long, anterior 


part, ventral view. 
Same, carapace in profile. 
Same, abdomen. 
Same, chela. 
Same, entire animal, dorsal view. 
Figures 9 to 13, after A. Milne Edwards. 


PuatTEe 241 


Pelia pulchella, male, Galapagos, carapace 7 mm. long, anterior part, 
ventral view. 


. Same, abdomen. 
. Same, cheliped. 
. Same, entire animal, dorsal view. 


Figures 1 to 4, after Bell. 


. Micropisa violacea, Cape Verde Islands, chela of well-developed male. 
. Same species, anterior part, ventral view. 

. Same species, sternum and abdomen of male. 

. Same species, dorsal view of entire animal, slightly enlarged. 


Figures 5 to 8, after A. Milne Edwards. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 591 


PLATE 242 


Libinia rostrata, male, Peru, total length about 71.5 mm., dorsal view. After Bell 


PLATE 2438 


Libinia setosa, male (2300), total length of carapace 68 mm., dorsal view. After 


Fre. 1. 


Fic. 


Fic. 


He CO 


Rathbun 
PuatTe 244 
After Rathbun 


Libinia mexicana, young male (16072), median length of carapace 10 mm., 
dorsal view. 


. Lepteces ornatus, male (9546), total length of carapace 16.4 mm., dorsal 


view. 
PLATE 245 


. Libinia rhomboidea, male, Cuba, total length of carapace about 82 mm., 


outer maxilliped. 


. Same, anterior portion, ventral view. 
. Same, abdomen. 


Figures 1-3, after A. Milne Edwards. 


. Libinia ferreirae, carapace 68 mm. long, dorsal view. 
. Same, anterior portion, ventral view. 


Figures 4 and 5, after Brito Capello. 


. Holoplites armata, male, Antilles, total length of carapace 25 mm., 


anterior part, ventral view. 


. Same, abdomen. 
. Same, entire animal, dorsal view. 


Figures 6-8, after A. Milne Edwards. 
PLATE 246 


. Lissa tuberosa, male (21574), carapace 16.9 mm. long, dorsal view. 


After Rathbun. 


. Lissa aurivilliusi, male (21575), carapace 12.5 mm. long, dorsal view. 


After Rathbun. 


. Chorinus heros, male, total length of carapace 64 mm., dorsal view. 
. Same, anterior portion, ventral view. 
. Same, maxilliped. 


Figures 3-5, after H. Milne Edwards. 


PLATE 247 


Maiopsis panamensis, male holotype, length of carapace exclusive of rostrum 


112 mm. After Faxon 


Fic. 1. Dorsal view. 


2. 
3. 
4. 


Anterior portion, ventral view. 
Sternum and abdomen. 
Fingers. 


592 


Fig. 


Fia. 


Fie. 


14 
12. 


TO CON O 


CHNAaeR wh 


BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PLaTE 248 
After A. Milne Edwards 


. Thersandrus compressus, male, Guadeloupe, carapace 23 mm. long, 


ventral view. 


. Same, anterior half, ventral view. 


Same, dorsal view. 

Same, first leg. 

Same, fourth leg. 

Same, abdomen. 

Same, carapace in profile. 
Same, carpus and chela. 


. Hemus cristulipes, male, Contoy, carapace 6 mm. long, anterior portion, 


ventral view. 


. Same, carapace in profile. 

. Same, outer maxilliped. 

. Same, second leg. 

. Same, outer antenna. 

. Same, dorsal view of entire animal. 
. Same, posterior view of carapace. 


PLATE 249 


Thoe erosa, Galapagos, anterior portion, ventral view. 
Same, posterior view of carapace and abdomen. 
Same, male, carapace 15 mm. long, dorsal view of entire animal. 


. Same, abdomen. 


Same species, abdomen of female. 
Same species, cheliped of male. 
Figures 1—6, after Bell. 
Temnonotus granulosus, female (1937, M. C. Z.), median length of cara- 
pace 23 mm., in profile. 


. Same, entire animal, dorsal view. 
. Same, anterior portion, ventral view. 
. Temnonotus simplex, male (1938, M. C. Z.), median length of carapace 


12 mm., in profile. 
Same, entire animal, dorsal view. 
Same, anterior portion, ventral view. 
Figures 7-12, after A. Milne Edwards. 


PuLatTE 250 


. Pitho quinquedentata, male, Galapagos, carapace 17 mm. long, dorsal 


view. 


. Same, chela. 
. Same, anterior part, ventral view. 


Figures 1 to 3, after A. Milne Edwards. 


. Pitho quinquedentata, female, type, carapace about 13 mm. long, dorsal 


view. After Bell. 


. Pitho sexdentata, female, type, carapace about 20 mm. wide, abdomen 
. Same, antennule. 

. Same, cheliped. 

. Same, dorsal view of entire animal. 

. Same, anterior part, ventral view. 


Figures 5 to 9, after Bell. 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 593 


Fig. 10. Pitho quadridentata, cotype, carapace 29.4 mm. wide, dorsal view. 
After Miers. 
11. Pitho laevigata, male type,c arapace 40 mm. wide, anterior part, ventral 
view. 
12. Same, abdomen. 
13. Same, dorsal view of carapace. 
Figures 11 to 18, after A. Milne Edwards. 


PuatTe 251 
After Rathbun 


Fig. 1. Pitho aculeata, male (14054), carapace 24.3 mm. wide, dorsal view. 
2. Pitho anisodon, male (15093), carapace 28.7 mm. wide, dorsal view. 


PuaTE 252 
After Rathbun 
Fia. 


_ 


. Pitho picteti, young female (15822), carapace 8.5 mm. wide, dorsal view. 
2. Pitho lherminieri, male (3158), type of Othonia carolinensis, carapace 14 
mm. wide, dorsal view. 


PuatTe 253 
After Rathbun 
Fig. 


_ 


. Pitho mirabilis, female (15807), carapace 17.5 mm. wide, dorsal view. 
2. Leptopisa setirostris, male (6929), total length of carapace 22 mm., 
dorsal view. 

PLATE 254 


Fig. 1. Anaptychus cornutus, male, holotype, length of carapace 25.4 mm., 
dorsal view. After Stimpson. 
2. Picroceroides tubularis, male, type, median length of carapace about 16 
mm., dorsal view. 
3. Same, anterior part, ventral view. 
. Same, chela and carpus. 
5. Same, carapace in profile. 
Figures 2 to 5, after Miers. 


te 


Puate 255 
After Bell 


Fig. 1. Mithrax rostratus, male, type, total length of carapace 56 mm., dorsal 
view. 
2. Same, abdomen. 
3. Same species, abdomen of female. 


Puate 256 


Mithrax cornutus, male, Martinique, total length of carapace 92 mm. After 
A. Milne Edwards 
Fia. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Anterior part, ventral view. 


594 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PuatTe 257 
After Rathbun 


Fig. 1. Mithrax acuticornis, male (15817), total length of carapace 15 mm. 
dorsal view. 
2. Mithrax holderi, female (25567), total length of carapace 27 mm., dorsal 
view. 
PLATE 258 


Mithrax pilosus, male (16299), total length of carapace 28 mm., dorsal view. 
After Rathbun 


PLATE 259 
After Rathbun 


Fic. 1. Mithrax bahamensis, male (42513), carapace 16.4 mm. wide, dorsal view. 
2. Mithrax hemphilli, female (15823), total length of carapace 17.2 mm., 
dorsal view. 
PLATE 260 


Mithrax sinensis, young male (16065), total length of carapace 9.2 mm., dorsal 
view 


PuatTe 261 


Mithrax laevimanus, male, Guadeloupe, length of carapace 65 mm. After A. 
Milne Edwards 
Fie. 1. Dorsal view. 
2. Anterior part, ventral view. 
3. Abdomen. 
PLATE 262 


Fic. 1. Mithrax pygmaeus, male holotype, length of carapace about 7 mm., 
dorsal view. 

Same, abdomen. 

. Same, cheliped. 

. Same, anterior part, ventral view. 
Figures 1 to 4, after Bell. 

5. Mithrax spinipes, male, Galapagos, anterior portion, ventral view. 
After Bell. 

6. Mithrax armatus, female, type, total length of carapace 47.3 mm., dorsal 
view. After Saussure. 

7. Teleophrys cristulipes, male, type, carapace 7.6 mm. long, dorsal view. 
After Stimpson. 

8. Teleophrys ornatus, young male, Fernando Noronha, carapace about 5 
mm. long, carpus and chela. 

9. Same, entire animal, dorsal view. 

Figures 8 and 9, after Miers. 


Poh 


PLATE 263 


Coelocerus spinosus, female, type of C. grandis, length of carapace exclusive of 
rostrum 98 mm., dorsal view. After Rathbun 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 595 


PuatTE 264 


Fia. 1. Coet cerus spinosus, young male, type (1989, M* c. Z.), carapace 23 
mm. long, anterior part, ventral view. 
2. Same, dorsal view of entire animal. 
Figures 1 and 2, after A. Milne Edwards. 
3. Stenocionops spinosissima, female, Guadeloupe, carapace 61 mm. long, 
dorsal view. After Saussure. 
4. Same species, male, Rio de Janeiro, total length of carapace 135 mm., 
anterior part, ventral view. After Moreira. 
5. Stenocionops ovata, female, Galapagos, total length of carapace 25.4 mm., 
dorsal view. 
6. Same, outer maxilliped. 
7. Same, anterior part, ventral view. 
Figures 5 to 7, after Bell. 


PuatTEe 265 


Stenocionops spinosissima, male, Rio de Janeiro, total length of carapace 97 mm., 
dorsal view. After Moreira 


PLATE 266 
After Rathbun 


Fia. 1. Stenocionops triangulata, young female, holotype, total length of carapace 
18.7 mm., dorsal view. 
2. Stenocionops contigua, young female (16067), total length of carapace 28 
mm., dorsal view. 
PLATE 267 


Stenocionops spinimana, male holotype, total length of carapace 89 mm., dorsal 
view. After Rathbun 


PLATE 268 


Stenocionops macdonaldi, male holotype, total length of carapace 88 mm., dorsal 
view. After Rathbun 


PuLatu 269 


Fic. 1. Macrocoeloma diplacanthum, female, Guadeloupe, total length of carapace 
about 32 mm., ventral view. 
2. Same species, male, Guadeloupe, total length of carapace about 44 mm., 
dorsal view. 
3. Same species, male, Guadeloupe, total length of carapace 39 mm., ventral 
view. 
Figures 1 to 3, after Desbonne and Schramm. 
. Macrocoeloma villosum, male, Guayaquil, carapace about 43 mm. long. 
dorsal view. 
. Same species, abdomen of female. 
. Same species, abdomen of male. 
. Same species, anterior part, ventral view. 
. Macrocoeloma heptacanthum, male, Puerto Portrero, carapace about 37 
mm. long, dorsal view. 
9. Same species, abdomen of female. 
10. Same species, abdomen of male. 
11. Same species, anterior part, ventral view. 
Figures 4 to 11, after Bell. 


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BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PuaTeE 270 
After Rathbun 


Microphrys branchialis, male (21576), total length of carapace 15.3 mm., 
dorsal view. 


Sd 


. Macrocoeloma camptocerum, male (15141), total length of carapace 35 


mm., dorsal view. 
PLATE 271 


Microphrys aculeatus, female, Galapagos, carapace about 20 mm. long, 
dorsal view. After Bell. 


. Microphrys weddelli, female, carapace about 34 mm. long, posterior view. 
. Same, anterior part, ventral view. 

. Same. entire animal, dorsal view. 

. Same, outer maxilliped. 


Figures 2 to 5, after A. Milne Edwards. 


. Microphrys weddelli, male type, ventral view of body. 
. Same, dorsal view of entire animal. 


Figures 6 and 7, after H. Milne Edwards. 
PLATE 272 . 


emarginata, female, Guadeloupe, carapace about 25 mm. long. After 


Desbonne and Schramm 
Dorsal view. 


. Ventral view. 


PLaTE 273 


Tyche lamellifrons, male, Panama, carapace about 18 mm. long, anterior 
part, ventral view. 


. Same, entire animal, dorsal view. 
. Same, antennule. 

. Same, outer maxilliped. 

. Same, abdomen. 


Same, cheliped. 
Figures 1 to 6, after Bell. 


. Tyche emarginata, female, Guadeloupe, total length of carapace 35 mm., 


ventral view. 


. Same, outer maxilliped. 
. Same, carapace in profile. 


Same, anterior part, ventral view. 
Same, dorsal view of entire animal. 
Same, chela. 
Figures 7 to 12, after A. Milne Edwards. 


PLATE 274 
After Bell 


Dasygyius gibbosus, male holotype, Galapagos, carapace, 15.2 mm. long, 
abdomen. 
Same, cheliped. 


. Same, antenna. 
. Dorsal view of entire animal. 
. Dasygyius depressus, female holotype, Galapagos, carapace 15.2 mm., 


long, abdomen. 


. Anterior portion, ventral view. 
. Cheliped. 
. Dorsal view of entire animal. 


Fia. 


oo 7 


NOOR WwN 


THE SPIDER CRABS OF AMERICA 597 


PLATE 275 
After A. Milne Edwards 


. Parthenope agonus, male, Florida Strait, carapace 12 mm. long, dorsal view. 


. Same, chela. 
Same, anterior part, ventral view. 


. Parthenope hyponca, female, Mazatlan, carapace 29 mm. long, dorsal view. 


Same, chela. 
Same, anterior part, ventral view. 


. Parthenope (Platylambrus) serrata, male, Vera Cruz, carapace 24 mm. 


long, chela. 


. Same, abdomen. 
. Same, anterior portion, ventral view. 
. Same, entire animal, dorsal view. 


PLaTE 276 


Parthenope (Platylambrus) pourtalesii, female (7308), carapace 32.8 mm. long, 


Fia. 1. 
. Same species, female (20599), length of carapace 27.4 mm., dorsal view. 


Fia. 


Fia. 


Ww bo 


oe Ww bd 


6. 
i 
8. 
9. 


dorsal view. After Smith 
PLATE 277 
Parthenope (Platylambrus) exilipes, male (4481, M. C. Z.), ventral view. 


Figures 1 and 2, after Faxon. 


. Tutankhamen cristatipes, male, St. Vincent, carapace 14 mm. long, 


dorsal view. 


. Same, anterior part, ventral view. 
. Same, outer maxilliped. 


Figures 3 to 5, after A. Milne Edwards. 
PLATE 278 


. Parthenope (Pseudolambrus) triangula, male, Cape St. Lucas, carapace 


12 mm. long, chela, outer view. 


. Same, chela, inner view. 
. Same, dorsal view of entire animal. 


Figures 1 to 3, after A. Milne Edwards. 


. Parthenope (Platylambrus) guerini, male, type, carapace 36 mm, long, 


dorsal view. After Brito Capello. 
PLATE 279 
After A. Milne Edwards 


. Solenolambrus typicus, male, Florida Strait, carapace 8.5 mm. long, in 


profile. 


. Same, chela. 

. Same, anterior portion, ventral view. 

. Same, entire animal, dorsal view. 

. Solenolambrus tenellus, male, Barbados, carapace 6 mm. long, anterior 


portion, ventral view. 
Same, chela. 
Same, abdomen. 
Same, entire animal, dorsal view. 
Same, outer maxilliped. 


5487—25+——40 


598 BULLETIN 129, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PLatTEe 280 


Fig. 1. Mesorhoea bellii, Mexico, carapace 13 mm. long, anterior part, ventral 
view. (The palps of the maxillipeds should not show.) 
2. Same, chela and carpus. 
. Same, carapace in profile. 
. Same, entire animal, dorsal view. | 
Figures 1 to 4, after A. Milne Edwards. | 
5. Thyrolambrus astroides, female, Andaman Sea, carapace about 18 mm. 
long, anterior part, ventral view. 
6. Same, entire animal, dorsal view. 
Figures 5 and 6, after Alcock. 


He OO 











Puate 281 
After Rathbun 





Fig. 1. Leiolambrus nitidus, male (23776), carapace 6.4 mm. long, dorsal view. 
2. Thyrolambrus erosus, female (21577), carapace 18.4 mm. long, dorsal 
view. 
PLATE 282 


After A. Milne Edwards 


Fie. 1. Heterocrypta granulata, Charleston, carapace 8.3 mm. long, male abdo- 
men. 
. Same species and locality, anterior part, ventral view. 
. Same, entire animal, dorsal view. 
. Heterocrypta macrobrachia, Panama, carapace 10.8 mm. long, entire 
animal, dorsal view. 


ew bd 


5. Same, anterior part, ventral view. 
6. Cryplopodia concava, male, Florida, carapace 8.7 mm. long, dorsal view. 
7. Same, ventral view. 
8. Same, outer maxilliped. 
9. Cryptopodia concava, female, Florida, carapace 10 mm. long, dorsal view. 
10. Same, chela, outer view. 
11. Same, entire animal, ventral view. 


PLATE 283 
Halicarcinus planatus 


Fies. 1-7. Specimen from Falkland Islands, carapace 7 mm. long. After Steb- 
bing. 

. Rostrum. 

. Mandible. 

. Second maxilla. 

. First maxilliped. 

Second maxilliped. 

Third maxilliped. 

. Dactylus of an ambulatory leg, and end of same still more en- 
larged. 

8. Abdomen of male (18209) x5. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE | 


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FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 565 





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ACHAEOPSIS THOMSONI. (PAGE 29) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 565 


BULLETIN 129 PLATE II 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


|, 2. PODOCHELA RIISEI. 


For 


(PAGE 33.) 3, 4. P. LOBIFRONS. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 566 





(PAGE 57) 





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PODOCHELA VESTITA. (PAGE 42) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 566 


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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 


PODOCHELA MARGARITARIA. (PAGE 48) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 566 


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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 16 





PODOCHELA MACRODERA. (PAGE 44) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 566 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE I7 





PODOCHELA GRACILIPES. (PAGE 47) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 566 


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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 19 





PODOCHELA CURVIROSTRIS. (PAGE 50) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 566 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 20 





|, 2. PODOCHELA LAMELLIGERA. (PAGE 52.) 3, 4. P. BARBARENSIS. 
(PAGE 54) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 566 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 2l 





PODOCHELA LATIMANUS. (PAGE 56) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 567 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


|, 2. INACHOIDES MICRORHYNCHUS. 


BULLETIN 


(PAGE 60.) 3-6. 


(PAGE 61) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 567 


129 


PLATE 22 





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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


2. EUCINETOPS BLAKIANA. 


(PAGE 88.) 3, 4. E. PANAMENSIS. 


(PAGE 64) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE 


SEE PAGE 567 


(PAGE 87.) 





5, 6. ANASIMUS FUGAX. 





129 PLATE 24 


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1, 2. ARACHNOPSIS FILIPES. (PAGE 89.) 3, 4. AEPINUS SEPTEMSPINOSUS. 
(PAGE 92) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 568 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 33 


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|, 2. EUPROGNATHA RASTELLIFERA. (PAGE 96.) 3, 4. E. RASTELLIFERA 
MARTHAE. (PAGE 96) 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 568 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 34 





|, 2. EUPROGNATHA RASTELLIFERA ACUTA. (PAGE 96.) 3,4. E. GRACILIPES. 
(PAGE 101.) 5,6. E. BIFIDA. (PAGE 103) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 563 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 35 





1, 2. EURYPODIUS LONGIROSTRIS. (PAGE 83.) 3, 4. EUPROGNATHA RAS- 
TELLIFERA. (PAGE 96.) 5,6. E. GRANULATA. (PAGE 104) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 568 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 36 





|, 2. COLLODES GRANOSUS. (PAGE 106.) 3, 4. C. OBESUS. (PAGE 109.) 
5, 6. C. TRISPINOSUS. (PAGE 107.) 7, 8. C. ROSTRATUS. (PAGE 110) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 563 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 37 








COLLODES TENUIROSTRIS. (PAGE 113) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 568 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 38 








|, 2. COLLODES LEviIS. (PAGE 120.) 3, 4. C. INERMIS. (PAGE 1I19.) 
5, 6. C. LEPTOCHELES. (PAGE II7) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 569 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 39 





1-4. BATRACHONOTUS FRAGOSUS. (PAGE 123.) 5-8. B. NICHOLSI. 
(PAGE 127) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 569 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 40 





|, 2. COLLODES TUMIDUS. (PAGE 12I.) 3. PYROMAIA TUBERCULATA. 
(PAGE 133) 


FOR EXPLANATION CF PLATE SEE PAGE 569 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 41 





PYROMAIA CUSPIDATA. (PAGE 129) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 569 


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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 45 








|. EPIALTUS KINGSLEYI. (PAGE 152.) 2. E. DILATATUS. (PAGE 153.) 
3, 4. E. BITUBERCULATUS. (PAGE 148) 


. 
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 569 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 46 





|, 2. EPIALTUS HILTONI. (PAGE [56.) 3. E. SULCIROSTRIS. (PAGE 150) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 570 


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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 


EPIALTUS MINIMUS. (PAGE 155.) 2. E. SULCIROSTRIS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 570 


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(PAGE 150) 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 48 





EPIALTUS DILATATUS FORMA ELONGATA. (PAGE 154) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 570 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 49 





1, 2. MENAETHIOPS PORTORICENSIS. (PAGE 1|90. 3, 4. MOCOSOA CRE- 
BRIPUNCTATA. (PAGE I59. 5, 6. EUPLEURODON PERUVIANUS. (PAGE 
161) 

FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 570 


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PUGETTIA PRODUCTA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 58 








PUGETTIA GRACILIS. (PAGE 172) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 571 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 59 





1-4. PUGETTIA DALLI. (PAGE 178.) 5-7. P. VENETIAE. (PAGE 180) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 571 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 60 





MIMULUS FOLIATUS. (PAGE 182) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 571] 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 61 








LEUCIPPA PENTAGONA. (PAGE 184) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 57] 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 62 





SPHENOCARCINUS CORROSUS. (PAGE 187) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 571 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 63 





SPHENOCARCINUS AGASSIZI. (PAGE 188) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 571 


129 PLATE 64 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


(861 


129 39Vd 33S 3LV1id JO NOILWNV1dx3 HOY 


A9Vd) ‘SIGNVYS SNHONAHYOXO 7 





129 PLATE 65 


BULLETIN 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Ss. 


U. 


(861 


[19 3OVd 33S 3lV1d 4O NOILVNV1dX3 YOY 


39Vd) ‘SIGNVYS SNHONAHYOXO 7] 





9 


+37 — 


5 


129 PLATE 66 


BULLETIN 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Ss. 


U. 


129 39Vd 33S 31V1d 4O NOILVNV1dxk3 HOS 


(006 ADVd) 


“SALVdSIYO SNHONAHYOXO 7 





129 PLATE 67 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


LQ 3OVd 39S 3lV1d 3O NOILVWNW1dX3 YO 


(006 3DVd) ‘SNLVdSIHD SNHONAHYOXO] 





PLATE 68 


29 


BULLETIN 


S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


U. 


@LG 39Vd 33S 3LW1d JO NOILWNV1dx3 Y¥O4 


(OIG 3ANVd) ‘VSSVHO VINIHSOY 





129 PLATE 69 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


ZLQ 3DVd BSS AlV1id JO NOILWNV1dxa HO4 


(O1Z 3DVd) ‘WSSVYO VINIHOOY 





129. PLATE 70 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


GLQ ANVd 33S 3LV1d 4O NOILVNV1dxa yO4 


(VIG ANVd) ‘“XIYLSAH VINIHOOY 








129) PEATE al 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


ZLQ 3OVd 3AS AlV1d JO NOILVNW1dxXa HO4 


(VIG ANVd) 


*XIYLSAH VINIHOOY 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 


oe 


Peo 


&\ 
¥ 


ye 


ROCHINIA UMBONATA. (PAGE 222) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 572 


129 


PEATE 2 








U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 73 








|. ROCHINIA UMBONATA. (PAGE 222.) 2. LISSA BRASILIENSIS. PAGE 335. 
3, 4. L. BICARINATA. (PAGE 332) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE EE PAGE 572 


129 PLATE 74 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


GLQ ADVd 33S 3lV1d 3JO NOILYNVW1dxXa YOY 


(966 ADVd) 


“IHHHLIWS VWAV1000I8!q 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 75 





LIBIDOCLAEA SMITHII. (PAGE 226) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 572 


129. PLATE 76 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


( 


GLG 39Vd 33S ALVId 4O NOILVNW1dxa4 4yO4 


vGd ADVd 


) 


‘VWIGYNVYS VAV100~0IE 17 





129 PLATE 77 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


1G 39Vd 33S 31V1id dO NOILVNV1dx3 HOY 


(V6G ADVd) 


‘VIYYNVYSD VAV1000IE8 17 





129. PLATE 78 


BULLETIN 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


UE SE 


GLQG ANVd SAS 3L1V1d 4O NOILVNW1dxa HYO4 


(V6G ADVd) 


“VIYVNVYD 


VAvi100d 141] 





129 PLATE 79 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





ZLQ 3DVd 33S 3lVid 4O NOILVNV1dx3 4O4 


(G6| 3ADVd) ‘SNOYSILNOV VYHADS 





U. S. NATIONAL 


MUSEUM BULLETIN 


TRACHYMAIA CORNUTA. (PAGE 299) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 573 


129 


PLATE 80 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 8! 





NOTOLOPAS LAMELLATUS. (PAGE 287) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 573 


PLATE 82 


29 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


€1Q 39Vd 33S 3lVid 3O NOILVNV1dxa HYO4 


(1€G A9Vd) 


“SAdITIOVYD SNTIDADOYNAT 





129 PLATE 83 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


€19 ADVd 3aS AlWid 4O NOILVNV1dxX3 HO4 


(l€G ADVd) 


*“SAdITIOVYD SNIOADOYNA 7 





PLATE 84 


29 


BULLETIN 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Us Ss: 


€l19 39Vd BSS 3lW1d JO NOILYNV1dxa YO4 


(€€G ANVd) 


“OI1IdO SALADAONOIHD 





129 PLATE 85 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


€19 3DVd 33S alvid dO NOILYNV1dXa HO4 


(8G ADVd) 


"OINIdO SALSIDAONOIHD 





129. PLATE 86 


BULLETIN 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


U.S: 


€19 S9Vd 33S 31V1d 40 NOILWNV1dxa YO4 


(GEG ADVd) 


“IG4lVa SALADSONOIHD 





129 PLATE 87 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


€L9 39Vd 33S Jlvid JO NOILYN¥1dxX3 &8O4 


(GES ADVd) 


"1\GHIVa SSLSOSZONOIHD 











€LG 3OVd BAS 3ALV1d JO NOILWNV1dxX3 HOH 


(€vG 39Vd) ‘“IYANNVL SALSOAONOIHD 


PLATE 88 


129 


an ne aaa apd, 


BULLETIN 


at 
<a 


CRI ae, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





PLATE 89 


BULLETIN 129 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


€19 3OVd 33S 3lW1id JO NOILWNW1dx3 HO4 


(€vG AIVd) 


“IYANNVL SSLAORONOIHD 





129 PLATE 90 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


€19 ADVd 33S 3AlV1d 4O NOILVYNW1dxXa HO4 


(Lyd A9Vd) 


"SNLVINONVY SSLSOSONOIHD 





129 PLATE 91 


BULLETIN 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Ss. 


Us 


€19 39Vd 33S 3alvid 4O NOILYNV1dxa HO4 


(lVG ADVd) 


“SNLVINONVY SALADAONOIHD 





129 PLATE 92 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


€1G A9Vd 33S 3lvV1id 4O NOILYWNV1dx3 HO4 


(€GG A9Vd) ‘SNANVYV SVAH 








U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 


129 


PLATE 93 





(PAGE 253) 


HYAS ARANEUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 573 


129 PLATE 94 


BULLETIN 


S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


U. 


€19 3DVd 3SS 3LV1d JO NOILVYNV1dxXa YHO4 


(8GG ADVd) ‘SNLVLOYVOOD SVAH 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 


129 


PLATE 95 





(PAGE 258) 


HYAS COARCTATUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 574 


PLATE 96 


29 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


blLG 39Vd 34S 3lW1d JO NOILVNW1dx3 yO4 


(896 A9Vd) 


“SNAIVLINIV SNLVLOYVOO SVAH 





129 PLATE 97 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


tlQ ADVd 33S 3lvid JO NOILWNV1dxa HOF 


(8G6 ADVd) 


“SNaOVLNIV SNLVLOYVOOD SVAH 





=i 


sf— 


7 


48 


o 


a 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 98 





|. PELIA PACIFICA. (PAGE 283.) 2, 3. P. MUTICA. (PAGE 278) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 574 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 99 





|. PELIA PACIFICA. (PAGE 283.) 2, 3. P. TUMIDA. (PAGE 281) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 574 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 


PELIA ROTUNDA. (PAGE 279) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 


574 


129 


PLATE 





100 


BULLETIN 129 PLATE 1|0I 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





MICROPISA VIOLACEA. (PAGE 303 ) 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 574 


PLATE 102 


129 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


blLQ 39Vd ASS J1ivV1d JO NOILVNW1Idxad YO4 


(06% A9Vd) 


“VEdVOOTILNY VITISIN 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 


129 


PLATE 


103 





(PAGE 290) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 574 


NiBILIA ANTILOCAPRA. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 104 

















|. HERBSTIA DEPRESSA. PAGE 298.) 2, 3. H. PYRIFORMIS. 
PAGE 301) 


FOR EXPLANATION F PLATE SEE PAGE 574 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 105 








|, 2. HERBSTIA CAMPTACANTHA. (PAGE 294.) 3, 4. H. EDWARDSIi. (PAGE 
300. 5, 6. H. TUMIDA. PAGE 299 


575 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 574 AND 575 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 106 





ee ee eS! LUC U 





HERBSTIA PARVIFRONS. (PAGE 296) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 575 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 


129 


PLATE 


107 





(PAGE 305) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 575 


CHORINUS HEROS. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 108 





HOLOPLITES ARMATA. (PAGE 307) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 575 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 109 





LIBINIA ERINACEA. (PAGE 321) 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 575 


> a A ee Pe Oe 





9/9 39Vd 33S 31V1d 4O NOILVWN¥1dxa YO4 


(I1€ 3A9Vd) ‘“VLVNIDYVWS VINISIq 


10 


PLATE | 


29 


BULLETIN 


S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


U 





PLATE III 


129 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Q19 3DVd 33S AlvVid JO NOILWNW1dxa HO4 


(11€ 39Wd) 


"VLVNIDYVWSA VINISIT 





PLATE 114 


129 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


ot i a a 


91g 39DVvd aaS,3ivid dO -NOILYNV1dx3 YO4 
& = . 


(€1E ANVd) ‘vIand VINIgIG 








PLATE 115 


BULLETIN 129 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


G19 39Vd 33S 31V1d 4O NOILVNV1dx3 YOY 


(€lE ANVd) ‘VIENG VINISIq 





129 PLATE 116 


BULLETIN 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Ss. 


U. 


919 39Vd 33S 3lV1id 4AO NOILWNV1dxXa HOY 


(€6€ ADVd) 


“VAGIOGWOHY VINISIT 





129 PLATE II7 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


QGlG 3DVd 33S 31lVid JO NOILVNV1dx3a3 HO4 


(EGE ADVd) 


“VAGIOSWOHY VINISI] 





129. PLATE 118 


BULLETIN 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Ss. 


U. 


919 39Vd 33S 31V1d 43O NOILYNV1dx3S YO4 


(VGE ADVd) 


“AVdIadusas VINISI 





129° PLATE 19 


BULLETIN 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Ss. 


U. 


919 39Vd 33S 3iVid JO NOILVWN¥1dxX3 HOH 


(VoE ADVd) 


“Avdisaddsas VINIEI] 





PLATE 120 


129 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


919 39Vd 33S 3lLV1d 40 NOILVNV1dxX3 HO4 


(GE ADVd) ‘VSONId SVINISIF 





129 PLATE 121 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


919 39Vd 33S 3lVvid 3O NOILYNV1dxa HO4 


(GZE ADVd) ‘VSONIdS VINISIT 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 122 





|. LIBINIA DUBIA. (PAGE31I3.) 2.L.ROSTRATA. (PAGE 329) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 576 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 123 





PARAMITHRAX BACKSTROMI. (PAGE 339) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 576 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 124 





|. HEMUS CRISTULIPES. (PAGE 345.) 2, 3. H. ANALOGUS. (PAGE 347.) 
4,5. THOE ASPERA. (PAGE 352) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 576 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 125 








], 2. THOE PUELLA. (PAGE 348.) 3,4. T.SULCATA. (PAGE 349.) 5, 6. 
T. PANAMENSIS. (PAGE 351) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 576 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 126 





PICROCEROIDES TUBULARIS. (PAGE 354) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 576 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 127 





PITHO ACULEATA. (PAGE 357) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 576 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 








2. PITHO LHERMINIERI. (PAGE 362.) 3. P. MIRABILIS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577 


PLATE 128 





(PAGE 366) 


gg lard 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 129 





1, 2, PITHO LHERMINIERI. (PAGEIS62)) ae: MIRABILIS. (PAGE 366) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 677 
5487—25 +——49 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 130 








|. PITHO SEXDENTATA. (PAGE S67)! o2).cane2 PIChEmls (PAGE 359) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 131 





PITHO ANISODON. (PAGE 368) 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 132 





|. PITHO DISPAR. (PAGE 374.) 2. P. QUADRIDENTATA. (PAGE 
369.) 3,4. P. LAEVIGATA. (PAGE 372) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577 





|. PITHO DISPAR. (PAGE 374.) 2. P. QUADRIDENTATA. (PAGE 369.) 
3. P. LAEVIGATA. (PAGE 372) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 134 





1-3. LEPTOPISA SETIROSTRIS. (PAGE 375.) 4, 5. ANAPTYCHUS CORNUTUS. 
(PAGE 378) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577 


PLATE 135 


129 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





MITHRAX SPINOSISSIMUS. (PAGE 383) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 136 





ITHRAX ACUTICORNIS. (PAGE 388.) 3, 4. M.SPINIPES. (PAGE 391) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 577 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE (37 





|, 2. MITHRAX BAHAMENSIS. (PAGE 393.) 3, 4. M. CORNUTUS. (PAGE 386) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 577 AND 578 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 138 





1, 2. MITHRAX HOLDERI. (PAGE 392.) 3. M. PILOSUS. 
(PAGE 394) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 578 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 139 





MITHRAX HEMPHILLI. (PAGE 395) 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 578 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 


129 


PLATE 


140 





(PAGE 397) 


MITHRAX ORCUTTI. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 578 


PLATE 141 


129 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


8LQ 39Vd 33S Jlvid JO NOILVNV1dxa HOS 


(L6E ADVd) 


“IL1NOYO XVYHLIIA 





PLATE 142 


129 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


819 39Vd 33S 31V1id 4O NOILYVNV1dX3 HO4 


(€0b 39Vd) ‘HIS XVYHLIIA 





PLATE 143 


129 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


819 ADVd 33S 3LV1Id AO NOILVNV1dxa HOY 


(€0v 39Vd) ‘HWSa XVYHLIIA 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 144 





MITHRAX VERRUCOSUS. (PAGE 400) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 578 


PLATE 145 


129 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





MITHRAX HISPIDUS. (PAGE 406) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 578 


oO 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 146 





MITHRAX HISPIDUS. (PAGE 406) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 578 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 147 





|. MITHRAX BRAZILIENSIS. (PAGE 404.) 2. M. TORTUGAE. 
(PAGE 417.) 3. M. HISPIDUS, VAR. (PAGE 408) 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 578 


48 


PLATE | 


29 


BULLETIN 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


S 


U. 


8LQ9 39Vd 3SaS 3LV1d JO NOILVNV1dx4a HOH 


(60b ADVd) 


“SNAVEEIYVO XVYHLIN 





129 PLATE 149 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


619 39Vd 33S 3ALV1d SO NOILVNV1dx3 YO4 


(60b ADVd) 


“SNAVAEIYVO XVYHLIIA 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 150 





MITHRAX PLEURACANTHUS. (PAGE 411) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 579 


PLATE 151 


129 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


1, 2. MITHRAX TUBERCULATUS. (PAGE 418.) 3, 4. M. SINENSIS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 579 





(PAGE 419) 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 





MITHRAX 


(MITHRACULUS) SCULPTUS. (PAGE 422) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 579 


PLATE 


152 





ee a oe 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 153 








MITHRAX (MITHRACULUS) CORYPHE. (PAGE 426) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 579 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 154 





|. MITHRAX (MITHRACULUS) AREOLATUS. (PAGE 433.) 2, 3. MITHRAX 
(MITHRACULUS) DENTICULATUS. (PAGE 428) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 579 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 155 





MITHRAX (MITHRACULUS) NODOSUS. (PAGE 429) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 579 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 156 





MITHRAX (MITHRACULUS) FORCEPS. (PAGE 431) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 579 


129° PLATE 157 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





(PAGE 432) 


(MITHRACULUS) RUBER. 


MITHRAX 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 579 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 158 





MITHRAX (MITHRACULUS) CINCTIMANUS. (PAGE 488) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 579 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 159 





1, 2, 7. TELEOPHRYS CRISTULIPES. (PAGE 44l.) 3, 4. T. ORNATUS. 
(PAGE 444.) 5, 6. T. POCOCKI. (PAGE 443.) 8, 9. T. TUMIDUS. 
(PAGE 442) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 580 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 160 





STENOCIONOPS FURCATA. (PAGE 449) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 5890 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 161 





STENOCIONOPS FURCATA. (PAGE 449) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 580 


3487—257——51 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 129 PLATE 162 





STENOCIONOPS CONTIGUA. (PAGE 45]) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 580 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 163 





STENOCIONOPS CONTIGUA. (PAGE 451) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 580 


PLATE 164 


129 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


089 39Vd 33S 31V1id 4O NOILYWNW1dxX3a HO4 


(O0Gt ADVd) 


*‘VLV150O0 VLVYOYNA SdONOIOONSALS 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 165 





|. STENOCIONOPS TRIANGULATA. (PAGE 461.) 2. S. SPINOSISSIMA. (PAGE 
455) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 580 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 166 





|. MACROCOELOMA TRISPINOSUM. (PAGE 466.) 2. M. TRISPINOSUM 
NODIPES. (PAGE 468) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 580 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 167 





MACROCOELOMA TRISPINOSUM. (PAGE 466) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 580 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 168 


° 





2 ba 


|. MACROCOELOMA TRISPINOSUM, VARIETY. (PAGE 468.) 2. M. TRI- 
SPINOSUM NODIPES. (PAGE 468) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 581 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 169 





1. MACROCOELOMA DIPLACANTHUM. (PAGE 478.) 2, 3. M. 
LAEVIGATUM. (PAGE 483) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 581 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 170 





1. MACROCOELOMA EUTHECA. (PAGE 484.) 2. M. INTERMEDIUM. 
(PAGE 486.) 3. M. CONCAVUM. (PAGE 487) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 581 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 17! 





1. MACROCOELOMA EUTHECA. (PAGE 484.) 2. M. INTERMEDIUM. 
(PAGE 486.) 3. M. CONCAVUM. (PAGE 487) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 581 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 172 





MACROCOELOMA SUBPARALLELUM. (PAGE 480) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 581 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 173 





|. MACROCOELOMA HEPTACANTHUM. (PAGE 473.) 2, 3. M. SEPTEM- 
SPINOSUM. (PAGE 477) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 581 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 174 





1-3. MICROPHRYS INTERRUPTUS. (PAGE 504.) 4. MACROCOELOMA CAMP- 
TOCERUM. (PAGE 469) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 581 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 175 





MICROPHRYS BICORNUTUS. (PAGE 489) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 581 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 176 








1, 2. MICROPHRYS PLATYSOMA. (PAGE 497.) 3, 4. M. ANTILLENSIS. (PAGE 
498.) 5, 6. M. BRANCHIALIS. (PAGE 502) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 582 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 177 





MICROPHRYS TRIANGULATUS. (PAGE 505) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 582 





PLATE 178 


129 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


89 39Vd 33S 3lWid JO NOILVNW1dx3 HO4 


(€1G A9Vd) 


“SNNODV AdONAHLYVd 





129 PLATE 1I79 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


é8G 39Vd 33S 3LV1d AO NOILVNV1dx3 YOY 


(€1G 3D9Vd) ‘“SNNODV AdONSHLYVd 





PLATE 180 


129 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


(91G A9DVd) 


G89 39Vd 33S 3ALlVid JO NOILVNV1dx3 YO4 


“VLVYYAS (SNYENVIALVId) AdONSHLYVd 





129 PLATE 181 


BULLETIN 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Ss. 


U. 





(91G 3DWd) 


Z89 39Vd 33S 3lvid 3O NOILVNV1dx3 HO4 


“VLVYHYAS (SNYEWVIALW1d) AdONAHLYVd 





PLATE 182 


129 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


(16G ADVd) 





G89 39Vd 33S 31WV1id 4O NOILWNV1dx3 YOY 


“HSATIWLYNOd (SNYBNVIALVId) AdONSHLYVd 





PLATE 183 


129 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


(1G 39Vd) 


G89 390Vd 33S 3lLV1d JO NOILYNW1dxa yO4 


“HWSS1VLYNOd 


Dave recaon 


(SNYEWVIALV1d) SdONSHLYVG 





PLATE 184 


129 


BULLETIN 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


USGS: 


(€6G ADVd) 


G8G S39Vd 33S 3lvWid 43O NOILVNV1dxK]a HO4 


“SAdIIIXAa (SNYENVIALV1d) AdONSHLYVd 





PLATE 185 


129 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


(€GG ADVd) 


G89 39Vd 33S 31ivVid 4O NOILVNY1dxX3a HOY 


“SAdIIIXA (SNYBEWVIALV1d) AdONSHLYVd 





PLATE 186 


129 


BULLETIN 


S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


U. 


(G3G ADVd) 


G89 39Vd 33S 31V1id JO NOILWNV1dx3 HOY 


“SNINOYALVYA (SNYEWVIALVId) AdONSAHLEVd 





PLATE 187 


129 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


(G3G ADVd) 


289 30Vd 33S 31V1id JO NOILYNV1dxX3 YOY 


*SNINOYALVHS (SNYEWVIALV 1d) 


AdONSHLYVd 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 188 





PARTHENOPE (PLATYLAMBRUS) DEPRESSIUSCULA. (PAGE 524) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 583 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 129 PLATE 189 





PARTHENOPE (PSEUDOLAMBRUS) EXCAVATA. (PAGE 529) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 583 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 190 





1. PARTHENOPE (PLATYLAMBRUS) GUERINI. (PAGE 525.) 
2. P. (PLATYLAMBRUS) FRATERCULUS. (PAGE 525) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 583 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 191 





PARTHENOPE (PLATYLAMBRUS) GUERINI. (PAGE 525) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 583 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 192 


ae NT 


4 
r 


PPELE® A eo 





SOLENOLAMBRUS TYPICUS. (PAGE 587) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PASE 583 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 193 





SOLENOLAMBRUS TYPICUS. (PAGE 537) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 583 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 194 





1, 2. SOLENOLAMBRUS DECEMSPINOSUS. (PAGE 540.) 3, 4. S. TENELLUS. 
(PAGE 541.) 5, 6. S. PORTORICENSIS. (PAGE 539) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 583 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 129 PLATE 195 





AETHRA SCRUPOSA SCUTATA. (PAGE 552) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 683 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 196 





THYROLAMBRUS ASTROIDES. (PAGE 532) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 584 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 197 





THYROLAMBRUS EROSUS. (PAGE 533) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 584 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 198 





LEIOLAMBRUS PUNCTATISSIMUS. (PAGE 543) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 584 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 199 





LEIOLAMBRUS NITIDUS. (PAGE 545) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 584 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 200 





MESORHOEA SEXSPINOSA. (PAGE 547) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 584 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 129 PLATE 201 





MESORHOEA BELLII. (PAGE 548) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 584 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 


I, 


2. CRYPTOPODIA HASSLERI. (PAGE 554.) 3, 4. C. CONCAVA. 
553.) 5. HALICARCINUS PLANATUS. (PAGE 563) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 584 


PLATE 202 





(PAGE 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 


PLATE 203 





I, 2. HETEROCRYPTA GRANULATA. (PAGE 555.) 3, 4. H. MACRO- 
BRACHIA. (PAGE 558) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 584 


129. PLATE 204 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


$89 39Vd 33S 3lvid 4O NOILVNW1dxX3 HO4 


(6GG ADVd) 


“SITWLNAGIO00 VLidAYOOYSLAH 





129 PLATE 205 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


$89 3DVd 338 3LV1d 4O NOILYNV1dx3 YO4 


(6GG ADVd) 


“SITWLNAGIO00 VLldAHOOHSLAH 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 129 


PLATE 206 





(PAGE 24) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 585 


ANNOMALOTHIR FURCILLATUS. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 129 PLATE 207 





ANOMALOTHIR FRONTALIS. (PAGE 25) 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 208 





|. PODOCHELA GROSSIPES. (PAGE 45.) 2. P. RIISEI. (PAGE 33) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 585 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 209 


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4 

2 ) 





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Sees 3 
Salata 


== pre 


1. PODOCHELA MARGARITARIA. (PAGE 43.) 2. P. HEMPHILLII. (PAGE 49) 


For EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 535 


5487—25;——_54 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 129 


PLATE 210 





(PAGE 50) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 585 


PODOCHELA CURVIROSTRIS. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 129 


PLATE 211 





(PAGE 64) 


ANASIMUS FUGAX. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 6585 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 212 





ERILEPTUS SPINOSUS. (PAGE 68) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 585 


129 PLATE 213 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





po ee ¢ 


ERILEPTUS SPINOSUS. (PAGE 68) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 585 


129 PLATE 214 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


989 39Vd 33S 3L1Vid JO NOILVNV1dxa HOH 


(GQ ADVd) ‘SNLV1 SNWISVNY 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 215 





EURYPODIUS LATREILLII. (PAGE 80) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 586 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 216 





EUPROGNATHA RASTELLIFERA MARTHAE. (PAGE 96) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 586 


PLATE 217 


BULLETIN 129 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


|. COLLODES GRANOSUS. 


(PAGE 106.) 2-5. C. OBESUS. (PAGE 109.) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 586 


6. C. ARMATUS. 





(PAGE 122) 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 218 





1-4. PYROMAIA TUBERCULATA. (PAGE 133.) 5. COLLODES TUMIDUS. 
(PAGE 121) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 586 


=H 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 129 PLATE 219 





I—3. AEPINUS SEPTEMSPINOSUS. (PAGE 92.) 4, 5. ARACHNOPSIS FILIPES. 
(PAGE 89.) 6. EUCINETOPS RUBELLULA. (PAGE 86) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 587 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 220 





|. EPIALTUS BRASILIENSIS. (PAGE 149.) 2. TALIEPUS MARGINATUS. 
(PAGE 164) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 587 


PLATE 221 


BULLETIN 129 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





TALIEPUS MARGINATUS. (PAGE 164) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 587 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 222 





1-6. ACANTHONYX PETIVERII. (PAGE 142.) 7-9. LEUCIPPA PENTAGONA. 
(PAGE 184.) 10-12. Esopus crRAssus. (PAGE 192) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 587 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 223 





I, 2. SPHENOCARCINUS AGASSIZI. (PAGE 188.) 3-5. S. CORROSUS. 
(PAGE 187) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 587 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 224 





I-83. CHORILIA LONGIPES. (PAGE 203.) 4, 5. SCYRA ACUTIFRONS. 
(PAGE 195) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 588 


PLATE 225 


BULLETIN 129 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





CHORILIA LONGIPES TURGIDA. (PAGE 203) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 588 


W. SS. SWATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 226 





ROCHINIA CRASSA. (PAGE 210) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 588 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 227 





|. ROCHINIA TANNERI. (PAGE 216.) 2. R. CORNUTA. (PAGE 217) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 688 


129 PLATE 228 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


§89 39Vd 33S 31l1V1d 4O NOIWLWNV1dx3S HOS 


(0066 ADVd) 


“SITWLNAGIO0O VINIHOOY 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 229 








1-4. ROCHINIA GRACILIPES. (PAGE 218.) 5. R. OCCIDENTALIS. (PAGE 220) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 588 


129 PLATE 230 


BULLETIN 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


U. S. 





(PAGE 221) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 688 


ROCHINIA VESICULARIS. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLEMING 128) FALATIE 287) 





|, 2, 4-6. LIBIDOCLAEA GRANARIA. (PAGE 224.) 3. L. SMAMHHIL (FPRGE 226) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 588 AND 559 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 232 





|, 2. OPLOPISA SPINIPES. (PAGE 228.) 3-5. TRACHYMAIA CORNUTA. (PAGE 
229.) 6-11. LEUROCYCLUS TUBERCULOSUS. (PAGE 230) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 589 


129 PLATE 233 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





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LEUROCYCLUS TUBERCULOSUS. (PAGE 230) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 689 








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129 PLATE 234 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


689 3DVd 33S 3lV1d 3JO NOILYNV1dx3a HO4 


(€bG ADVd) 


IYANNVL SSALAOAONOIHD 





129 PLATE 235 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





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pe 


PH Cree 


689 3DvVd 335 3ivid JO NOILWNV1dxa HO4 


(OL 3OVd) ‘SNLVYAT SWAH 


ann en 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 


PISOIDES EDWARDSI!. (PAGE 285) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 589 


PLATE 236 





120) PEATE S237 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





NOTOLOPAS BRASILIENSIS. (PAGE 288) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 590 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 238 





|. NOTOLOPAS LAMELLATUS. (PAGE 287.) 2-4. N. BRASILIENSIS. 
(PAGE 288) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 590 


129 PLATE 239 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





NIBILIA ANTILOCAPRA. (PAGE 290) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 690 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 240 





1-4. HERBSTIA EDWARDSII. (PAGE 300.) 5-8. H. PYRIFORMIS. (PAGE 
301.) 9-13. H. CAMPTACANTHA. (PAGE 294) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 590 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 241 





1-4. PELIA PULCHELLA. (PAGE 284.) 5-8. MICROPISA VIOLACEA. (PAGE 303) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 590 





5487—257 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 242 





LIBINIA ROSTRATA. (PAGE 329) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 591 


129 PLATE 243 


BULLETIN 


S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


U. 





LIBINIA SETOSA. (PAGE 327) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 591 


PLATE 244 


BULLETIN 129 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





2. LEPTECES ORNATUS. (PAGE 292) 


(PAGE 328.) 


LIBINIA MEXICANA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 591 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 245 





1-3. LIBINIA RHOMBOIDEA. (PAGE 323.) 4, 5. L. FERREIRAE. (PAGE 
324.) 6-8. HOLOPLITES ARMATA. (PAGE 307) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 531 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 246 


A 
— 


< 
A Ley 
SS 





SS, 


|. LISSA TUBEROSA. (PAGE 333.) 2. L. AURIVILLIUSI. (PAGE 333.) 
3-5. CHORINUS HEROS. (PAGE 305) 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 591 


129 PLATE 247 


BULLETIN 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


S. 


U. 





(PAGE 338) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 591 


MAIOPSIS PANAMENSIS. 


PLATE 248 


BULLETIN 129 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





15. HEMUS CRISTULIPES. 


g— 


(PAGE 343.) 


8. THERSANDRUS COMPRESSUS. 


(PAGE 345) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 592 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 249 





I-6. THOE EROSA. (PAGE 35].) 7-9. TEMNONOTUS GRANULOSUS. (PAGE 
341.) 10-12. T. SIMPLEX. (PAGE 342) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 592 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 2590 





1-4. PITHO QUINQUEDENTATA. (PAGE 361.) 5-9. P. SEXDENTATA. (PAGE 367.) 
10. P. QUADRIDENTATA. (PAGE 369.) I1I-I3. P. LAEVIGATA. (PAGE 372) 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 592 AND 593 


a ee ees rL eee er Ohl eee. 


Ss = SS eee CLF 


a= 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 


PLATE 251 





|. PITHO ACULEATA. (PAGE 357.) 2. P.ANISODON. (PAGE 368) 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 593 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 252 





|. PITHO PICTETI. (PAGE 359.) 2. P. LHERMINIERI. (PAGE 362) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 593 


129 PLATE 253 


BULLETIN 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Ss. 


U. 


Rigs 


pS. Bic Se Ee Wye or 
‘ 5 





LEPTOPISA SETIROS- 


2s 
(PAGE 375) 
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 593 


PAGE 366. ) 


TRIS 


( 


|. PITHO MIRABILIS 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 254 





|. ANAPTYCHUS CORNUTUS. (PAGE 378.) 2-5. PICROCEROIDES TUBULARIS. 
(PAGE 354) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 593 


129 PLATE 255 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 





MITHRAX ROSTRATUS. (PAGE 386) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 593 


U. S. 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 


129 


PLATE 256 





(PAGE 386) 


MITHRAX CORNUTUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 593 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 257 


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|. MITHRAX ACUTICORNIS. (PAGE 388.) 2. M. HOLDERI. (PAGE 392) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 594 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


ieee: 
 Fagiitds 
i se fe 


BULLETIN 


129 


PLATE 258 








(PAGE 394) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 594 


MITHRAX PILOSUS. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 259 





|. MITHRAX BAHAMENSIS. (PAGE 393.) 2. M. HEMPHILLI. (PAGE 395) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 594 


129 PLATE 260 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


$69 39Vd 3aS 3lvid 4O NOILVNV1dxX3 4O4 


(6lv BDVd) ‘SISNANIS XVUYHLIIA 





129 PLATE 261 


BULLETIN 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


$69 3DVd 35S 3lvid 4O NOILWNV1dx3 4YO4 


(61b 39Vd) 


“SANVWIASVIT XVYHLIW 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 262 





I-4. MITHRAX PYGMAEUs. (PAGE 406.) 5. M. SPINIPEs. (PAGE 391.) 


6. M. ARMATUS. (PAGE 399.) 7. TELEOPHRYS CRISTULIPES. (PAGE 
441.) 8, 9. T. ORNATUS. (PAGE 444) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 594 


a - 


VU. 


S. 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 


129 


PLATE 263 





(PAGE 446) 


COELOCERUS SPINOSUS. 


SEE PAGE 594 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLET!N 129 PLATE 264 








N 


<< 
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|, 2. COELOCERUS SPINOSUS. (PAGE 446.) 3, 4. STENOCIONOPS SPINOSISSIMA. 
(PAGE 455.) 5-7. S. OVATA. (PAGE 459) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 595 


129 PLATE 265 


BULLETIN 


S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


U. 


G69 39Vd 33S 31Vid 30 NOILYNV1dX3 YO4 


(GGb ADVd) 


*VWWISSISONIdS SdAONOIDONALS 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 266 





1. STENOCIONOPS TRIANGULATA. (PAGE 461.) 2. S. CONTIGUA. (PAGE 451) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 595 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 


129 


PLATE 267 





(PAGE 457) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 695 


STENOCIONOPS SPINIMANA. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 


Gp 


129 


PLATE 268 





(PAGE 460) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 595 


STENOCIONOPS MACDONALDI. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 269 





I-38. MACROCOELOMA DIPLACANTHUM. (PAGE 478.) 4-7. M. VILLOSUM. 
(PAGE 482.) 8-I|1. M. HEPTACANTHUM. (PAGE 473) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 595 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 270 





|. MICROPHRYS BRANCHIALIS. (PAGE 502.) 2. MACROCOELOMA CAMPTO- 
CERUM. (PAGE 469) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 596 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 271 





1. MiICROPHRYS ACULEATUS. (PAGE 500.) 2-7. M. WEDDELLI. (PAGE 496) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 596 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 272 





TYCHE EMARGINATA. (PAGE 508) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE& PAGE 596 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 273 





1-6. TYCHE LAMELLIFRONS. (PAGE 508.) 7-12. T. EMARGINATA. 
(PAGE 508) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 598 


Unis. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 274 





1-4. DASYGYIUS GIBBOSUS. (PAGE 138.) 5-8. D. DEPRESSUS. (PAGE 138) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 596 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 275 





I-38. PARTHENOPE AGONUS. (PAGE 513.) 4-6. P. HYPONCA. (PAGE 514.) 
7-10. P. (PLATYLAMBRUS) SERRATA. (PAGE 516) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 597 


129 PEATE 276 


BULLETIN 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


S. 


U. 


(16G A9Vd 


169 A9Vd 33S 3LV1d JO NOILVNW1dxXa3 HOH 


) 





HSAIVWLYNOd (SNYEWVIALVI1d) SdONSHLYVd 


SEY ast y 


aoe 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 277 





1, 2. PARTHENOPE (PLATYLAMBRUS) EXILIPES. (PAGE 523.) 3-5. 
TUTANKHAMEN CRISTATIPES. (PAGE 530) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 597 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 278 





I-38. PARTHENOPE (PSEUDOLAMBRUS) TRIANGULA. (PAGE 528.) 4. P. 
(PLATYLAMBRUS) GUERINI. (PAGE 525) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 597 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


BULLETIN 129 PLATE 279 





I—4. SOLENOLAMBRUS TYPICUS. (PAGE 587.) 5-9. S. TENELLUS. (PAGE 541) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 597 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 280 





|-4. MESORHOEA BELLII. (PAGE 548.) 5, 6. THYROLAMBRUS ASTROIDES. 
(PAGE 582) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 598 


129 PLATE 281 


BULLETIN 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


Ss. 


U. 





(PAGE 545. 2. THYROLAMBRUS EROSUS. 


LEIOLAMBRUS NITIDUS. 


(PAGE 533 


598 


SEE PAGE 


F PLATE 


FOR EXPLANATION O 


D9 


o- 
i——20 | 


487 


o 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 282 





I-38. HETEROCRYPTA GRANULATA. (PAGE 555.) 4, 5. H. MACROBRACHIA. 
(PAGE 558.) 6-I1. CRYPTOPODIA CONCAVA. (PAGE 553) 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 598 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 129 PLATE 283 





HALICARCINUS PLANATUS. (PAGE 563 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 698 





INDEX 





A Page 

WANUHONY CHICAS. <2 222-2 222202 80212. 140 
Acanthonychinae..._......_._________-. 7, 8, 10, 140 
PRGMMUNON YEA. A os=- aco: TS 140, 141 
concamerata-.-=-2<<--22 22-822 142 

Gbilis. cee eke exe 2c ee + ee EBS 142 
ermargingius--=.--<<.+29¢ 4+ <6! 142 
lnnulatus.c:-.-2- =<: 2.224.548 141 

Ober Sse ne he aS 142 

Nad Vere ee 8, 142, 569, 587 

REIS oop a case cate kkk Se oe 11, 27 
Bpinnlgsus.... cee eee 27 

iihomsoni= 22242) xe ue 27, 28, 29, 565 
PPPPBCHVMGHUS, 25 a2 Wo eel eecbybel seis 31 
Geprecsus-+ eek: waste he 31,45 

BeesetaS EVAR 2 2 ese as ft Ae ody ie NE 357 
Wass <2 a See ee wal 500 

SO phanias. Ss == sethantes 357, 361, 363, 368 

Maer eee te ee eS Seton e y= 28 oe 500 

pighiges == = aes 7, 356, 357, 363, 576, 593 
HCHUNNT CS AOCET =~. set inns 394, 395, 578 
BVINCrODOYYVS-..- 2 See te 489, 500, 596 

trax. Joes «ee Saree 394, 400 
Boratenpropnathia......-.- ceive. civios 96 
Euprognatha rastellifera_.___________. 95, 

96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 568 

acuticornis, Mithrax_..._._-____- 7, 388, 391, 577, 594 
Mithrax (Mithrax)________ 380, 382, 388 

Mithrax (Nemausa)_..........-- 388 

MOMMILOTIA. WOUINTMUR. oo ooo koe eedan 182 
ROUTH os onan pe pean ees 195, 572, 588 

DRS rn a oon pan eeee< 12, 92 
AMCICUS == 2 nn = 5 92 
Septemspinosus..--.....--22s= 92, 568, 587 

RB i an oo ene aon ee 6, 511, 550 
RetInOSG 8 550 
scrmposa scutata..2..-.-----<s2eece 552, 583 
BCOLALG § 265 - = 555 -25-2---55-8eseeeeeee 552 

Bays DIdItUS - 25. ed Hoe eet SS 148 
i a ear 311, 317, 327 

UNA RRae Seses  ee 382, 438 
agassizi, Scyramathia..._.........----------- 211 
Sphenocarcinus---_-..--- 7, 187, 188, 571, 587 
@passirii. Amathia...........--ss-saebade 211, 212 
Amamathia..ci---5.55-5-25e ees = 211 

BRGHHO. Aan DIUR. Woo soe senp = een a 513 
Parthenope.. ...---- ==... 22 teass 582, 597 
Parthenope (Parthenope) - - --- 512, 513, 515 

TL ee eee - 7 ae 377 
SITIOS i ee Pe ee 377, 378 
algicola, Coryrhynchus---------------------- 41 
Podochelas. 2.2. .2-5>5- s'est ee 33, 41 
alutacea, Hyas coarctatus forma ----.-------- 259 
Hyas coarctatus, Var.-.-.---------- 258 
alutaceus, Hyas coarctatus..-.-.------------ 8, 252, 


253, 258, 259, 260, 262, 264, 266, 267, 268, 574 
5487—25}——60 


Page 

AGUNG we omnes cee eee ee ee ee ee 204 
SRERSRT eee ee ee eee 211, 212 

CreaSsuce esac ee 210, 213 

VSL Keren eee ee er ee 214 

THOUQOR Eo we ag re ee ee eee 216 

FISSOGMES eee eee cen tee pee hee 204 

CETINIGE a eee ae oe ee eee 216 

PTI CINCEO DS et ee eee ere eet eee eens 85 
BHAIOZUS, PLOMISe oe cee eee ee ee 7, 345, 347, 576 
TIRES = ye ee ee ee ee ee 204 
PROT ab Rese ae ee a al lie i 211 

COLIN SSeS a oe eran ae 217 

CLASES ee eee 211 

YRUTIXe =. oe en eee 214 

THOUGH iH so sees open eee eee 216 
OCCIGRTICALIS: sectors 220 

TIESORHD cee ee ee en ae eee 204 

USNTErhe se ae es eee 216 

umbonate..2 2224 2 eae a: 222 
lAmapiyehus. .. 2. -saaeanunaaeeee eet ses 337, 377 
cormutus..:--55 --u==5 377, 378, 577, 593 

IATNIABIMNUSS ASS ooo a= eee eee 12, 64 
POW S eerecee eee 64, 567, 585 

latos... eens. 2 eee 64, 65, 586 

TOSLIAGUS. 5 oa a= ees te 68, 69, 585 

SPINO0SUS == a2 o5-5—--esaoe eos eeee 68 
angulatus, Chionoecetes_-..---__-- 233, 247, 251, 573 
angusta, Chorilibinia. .. 222234. oo. 309 
anispdon,' Othonia:- >_>. saseeee st oo. so 368 
PIGRGS ooo enn eee oe See 356, 

358, 362, 368, 370, 372, 374, 577, 593 

Anisonotus 2h. 3... Seana 31 
curvirostris...-----.--..asaseoee 31, 50 
Anomalopus._--2-.--s=-3 sé th oan} Saemeaee 2B 
frontalis:. = =<. .eeessie Se 25 

furcillatus. .....-2 243 -siee es 24 
Anomalothir~ os ono nna pnen anna a eee 11, 23 
frontalis. oo eeenae= 24, 25, 28, 565, 585 
Turcilatus.-- n=. enne 24, 26, 565, 585 

antennarius, Apiomithrax--__...-...--------.- 303 
Phycodes ) ..-<.nt-neeeee 303 

antillensis, Microphrys-------------- 7, 489, 498, 582 
antilocapra, Nibilia_....--.-------- 289, 290, 574, 590 
Pisa oo ds eee = om 290, 291 

PACT Re eee ae ee aeons 127 
cuspidbte >. ..-- 2s Sees eodeu 129 
Aniomithrax.t >.<. 2-3-2 -<-<eeereeee eet = 303 
antenriarins...<_..-.uiedeeth.A 303 

Apocremnus.-- <5 8-5 see egae qa 92 
septemspinosus--.........----- 92 

arachna, Pyromaia.......-.------- 128, 129, 131, 569 
OS FIOHTIO DEIN «= 5 oe canna pnaR Rane 12, 89 
filings <--> ces ee 89, 568, 587 

Pa ae FO he cap eapomene tee a at 13 
ivatia del Mars. ee cnsmnn pte ewe 13 


600 INDEX 
Page Page 
aranes; Cancer 2. ose aes ees 253 | branchialis, Microphrys----- 7, 489, 502, 505, 582, 596 
EGY as Bees ee ee See 8, 252, 253,573 | brasiliensis, Batrachonotus__-.---...------ 123, 125 
EACHUS soo ies oe aie ee ee 253 Epialtus_____- 145, 146, 147, 149, 158, 587 
Majer ioe 252 ee eee ee 253 Tibidocliea =) a= s==ss—e=eo es seme 325 
ATANCUS MAaTInNUS. LJ. 4 a Sete es 422 (Uissg 2 a ee 7. 331. 335, 572 
arcuatus, Solenolambrus__..-.-----.---.- 8, 536, 538 INotolopass-t22 32222 ees 287, 288, 590 
Areolstis, WinbHraAculs ss mee eee eee ee 433...|“braziliensis; Mithrax 25022220250 uae 404, 578 
Mirth lel cee ee a ee 7, 433 Mithrax (Mithrax)__._..____- 381, 404 
Mithrax (Mithraculus) _____- 382, 433, 579 | brevipes, Eurypodius______.._--_.._---__-_- 81 
IMGtraculuss= <4 tee. ao ee 433.) DTA waOSLEIS Ly CHO =a) a= oases eee ee 508 
anuiata: Holoplitesia: 2o-- tee es 307,575,590 | brevirostris, Tyche..----_- .2-- eee 508 
ING Deas Rik. Pe A ee eg eel eS 307 | brevirostrum, Inachodes-_.___--_...=t425-.2 133 
AnMAtIS,) CHOPINUS 4225 —- 52 one eee 449, 453 Imachoides =. 22s 4355 anes 133 
@ollodes# {22-2222 te ee 10631227586 A) biifos Cancersa 2222s eee eee ee 253, 257 
Mp RAK: oo2 se eee ee 294, 399, 594 Maat: 2h) Sa a a a eee 253 
Mithrax (Mithrax) 2-22-5202 380399 8 TONS) elryaS itu.) ay plc See 258 
IATTOW \CLSD noo les geo oe a oo eas ee LS st) cage ae Me Lc cS ee ee agie S ce ie 23 

‘asper) Mithraxts 26 -o hon eo ee ee 382 

aspera, SCHIZOPDYS - = 2=-2s.0- 28 ee 382, 383 | Gabouca-.-..........._- e Lo nvibeee Lo 383 
‘ Thoe - ------------------------- 348, 352,576 | opelata, Pericera........---------------22-- 22 450 
astroides;  Caryolambruse- 22 -see neee 532 Pericera,cornuta..... .2ugeiuaes 450 
; Thyrolambrus - - Se 8, 581, 532, 584,598 | oajappoides, Pseudolambrus..........--_.--- 528 
atlantica, Pericera-- aa 457,458 | calcarata, Leptopodia__-._......._.-...----- 21 
audouini, Eurypodius ---------------------- 81, 586 Metoporaphis_.eeeewual 2) ne 21 
audouinii, Eurypodius---------------------- 81 Metoporhaphis_...._-------_-__-- 21, 565 
aurivilliusi, Lissa 2-2-2 = += ------- 7, 331, 333,591 | calcaratus, Metoporhaphis___..__---.--____- 21 
australis, Pugettia__----------------.-------- 184 | camptacantha, Herbstia__.____ 293, 294, 296, 574, 590 
B Herbstia (Herbstiella) _____ 294, 296 
bickstrémi, Paramithrax __.._.-_...______- 339, 576 Herpstiellass- 32 eoseeee see 294 
bahamensis, Mithrax__.......--------- 393, 577, 594 | Camptocera, Macrocoeloma____--_.---.--__.- 469 
Mithrax (Mithrax) __._______- 380, 393 Pericera 5-2. ee ee oe 469 
bairdi, Chionoecetes__------------- 232, 235, 244,573 | camptocerum, Macrocoeloma_- 464, 469, 474, 581, 596 
TS ATTOSUO oben etc eee 225, 257, 314 | canaliculata, Libinia__-.-.__-___.- 311, 3138, 316, 327 
barbarensis, Podochela__-_....---.------ 32, 54,566 | canariensis, Leptopodia_.__.__..-..---------- 14 
barbirostris, Chorinus__--_--..--_-.--------- 305 | Cancellus rugosus, pedibus hirtis___________- 422 
Barnacles is fp ee ee eNO 164,197\ || Cancer Jee eek. 22 ee 9, 466 
Batrachonotus. 2... - eee  te 12, 122 eculeatus. 22/0) Be 394, 395, 578 
brasiliensis___..-.------_--- 123, 125 araneus...fS3P a VLE Be ose 253 
frAgOSsUS see 7, 123, 569 bufo--.. 2-2 occ eee A 253, 257 
micholsivereesere 7, 123, 127, 128, 569 cormudo. 2—---2+-22-22-2 == BIS 449 
behringianus, Chionoecetes_-_.-----------_- 233, 237 COronatus...-- cee eee ee tetet eee 422, 426 
bellii, Mesorhoea__---------- 8, 547, 548, 551, 584, 598 coryphes=--.-.2etekecet eA 426 
Mithrax - 220. SU. 7, 403, 578 furcatus: .--+...-. Sees 448, 449 
Mithrax\(Mithrax)i---<.-2-.-32 381, 382, 403 fuscatus..-<eecete ec ee eect eee 448 
Solenclambruse cu. POM = 548 heros = 2-2-2+222222222 e+ ee 305 
bermudensis,. Epialtus: 22 2a oe 146 hircus;.=<c2<.:2+-282 GS Boe 195 
blosrinata, Wissa-se eee eee 7, 331, 332, 572 hispiduS ..-.2-2222+2:22i222sS/ Oe. 406 
Dicorna,-© ericera.-- scence. 489 (nachus). heros-.=.=-.<--2-23 2 2 305 
PISS eet Serie 489 Mirabilis 3-2 eecc cee eet 366, 367, 372, 373 
bicornis, Menaethiops_-.-.-_---------------- 189 Opilio.<-<==---=2e= +22 Se 233 
PEriceraencce tee Re ST 489 orbiculus;--:42<+--:: 22ers 563 
bicornuta, Microphrys.-..------.-----_----- 490 phalangium:....- =<. s eae 233 
Minion oo eee 488, 489 phalangivms;-<=----+-2- 22ers es 233 
IRaniceranc ace ee wee 489 planatus.----2222-22 SIU 563 
PRE ree acne era ee 489 Sagittarius... 2.2---+.--2=- SIGs 14 
bicornutus, Microphrys--__------------ 488, 489, 581 Sagittatus.2.22 2222-122 = Sees . 14 
bifida, Euprognatha__...___.____-- 7, 95, 96, 103, 568 Seticornis!2J0lusi 2: 1s GON Mara A 13 
bifures, Oregonia_... ea 71, 79, 567 Spinipes == <.-c¢- ee ee 391 
bituberculatus, Epialtus_.._...---_..--.__._- 8; RalVan cee Selene 165 
144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 153,569 | Cancériens ecryptopodes----...----.--------- 510 
blakiana, Eucinetops__.-...._.--_.___- 7, 85/88)667 | Gangrejo-Cornudo-.-----.- 2 eee 449 
IBlastidaea seo con ceset eee 193 de la Santa Virgen______._..-_--.-- 383 
Bluntenosed-Crab.2-co-c2. cece 270 Denton. 23Y BEE ee 383, 400 
iBrackiyenat haste os kh oo ete EAS 9 OSpiNOSOis2-222 82a S ies 2a Ae 386 
Brachyrhynchs <<< chicas SO 9 Pelidoet2)) JA Vek ae as 323 
Bach yrpeme ess 5 eee aa hs een 9 Santoyat.. 4.0.2 ese 2 oe ee 383 


INDEX 601 
Page P 
i age 
@ardenensis, Inachus.... --..............J0ue 96 | concavum, Macrocoeloma_____..__.___ 464, 487, a 
carenatus, Hnoplolambruseccs esse soca se 516 | condyliata, Herbstia................... 293 
earibbaeus, Hyastenus bee entysant ES 288 | contigua, Pericera_.....-.................._. 451 
i betes ees 409, 578, 579 Stenocionops______ 7, 448, 451, 455, 580, 595 
ithrax (Mithrax)...-.2..-- 381,400) 0 Goyal Crabus ccc at a testavsel eee, 386, 406 
Carnifex._ eas wAn we oo 222 2-2----222----------- Roe |} GORCUdo ORT Cp Es: Mayne to esters 88 449 
carolinensis, Othonia-- ROSAS aE oe ees 363,364 | Cornudo, Cangrejo..._............._..____ 449 
{sae i mane Sooo cee 204 | cornuta, Anamathia............ 217 
Buu, uc ISOlOGSs oo = woo c cack SK heme ee Ae 
oo NR eee ra eee = eae Scie ee eee as 449, 450 
Re a Se ano wag anc ae pehininse 22) | aan iq 
chilensis, Chionoecetes...-......------------ 233 Scyramathia ee a se 
Gs TUG NG. 37e 5) SE eee en nea 194, 232 Tachymnla.o........wssiseddoccties 229 
eneulatiss-. 2. 233, 247, 251, 573 Trachymaia.............. 227, 229,578 589 
bairdi__ Se ee 232, 235, 244,573 | cornutus, Anaptychus______._.____ 377, 378, 577, 593 
eect ee 233, re Mithraxs _. | 386, 391, 577, 578, 593 
Uensis- ---------------------- Mithrax (Mithrax)___.__________ 380, 386 
opilio es 8, 232, 233, 235, 236, 244, 573 | coronatus, Cancer________.........._______ 422, 426 
cacao ik ey as ae ae = = Mithraculus________ 409, 422, 423, 424, 426 
Pe eee 2, 243, 248, 573, Wiithiras Se ao" ss = se See eae 
eR IS SE ween ee 193, 202 Mithrax (Mithraculus)_.______.. a 
longipes- 222 -------------- 202, 203, 205, 588 | corrosus, Sphenocarcinus________ 7, 185, 187, 571, 587 
. longipes turgida---___- 203, 207, 208, 209, 588 | coryphe, Cancer__-__._...._......._.._______ 426 
Chorilibinia______ : Bi cu i aaen one see 194, 309 M ithrax BST RCA” Bs Se Bee eS 7, 426 
as Bree e ne ahene Sa ae Mithrax (Mithraculus)______ 382, 426, 579 
ee ee Coryriiynchus-4_ = a 
BEOEitS seen See nota woo os haaeeeoee 194, 304 on alplodls.) oo. steer ecee a 
EINES eens SSI se Ne sere easyer e 449, 453 Hines UP MEALINE AE eaaonia 31, 33 
barbirostris___------------------- S00 IF Coryeieidap no oes Ave ane et eee 
a: heros-------------------- 304, 305, 575,591 | Crab, Arrow_...-....-.-----...-.......... 13 
cinctimanus, Mithraculus_--.......-.-----.-- 438 Blunt e 
WMisGhirae ees | REA? 438 Cc ook Geer Tit A) ele a 
Mithrax (Mithraculus) -- 382, 438, 579 Bane SR aT aeEE 7, > 
MIRE MP Oli one iso TONS 28 |) WO MAE Oe e.g ede 
Seatee ot 954, 258 I RCOCAUOI Sse oa can eee ee 71, 449, 466 
coarctatus, Hyas__..__.-.-.-==-.-- 253, 258, 573, 574 See Deere rr ae 
Se Ripe 2.2. aera O54 a ne pe Se ee ee 465, 466 
var. alutacea, Hyas_...__.....--- 258 re OO esr 2s aE a 
var. latifrons, Hyas--.----------- 259 =a eee Ta 407F soda a es URS yee ue 
coccinea, Libidoclea............------------- 224 See ee noo ae 
LS RR ee 224 Lazy..-------------------------------- 383 
Cod stomach ee eae 174, 244, 256 Macca = ctu. .a+diwiw doen _ 
@pelatas bericera._...-......_--. 2. eens. 450 Red Spider. ---..----.---------------- = 
Stenocionops furcata_- 448, 450, 453, 454, 580 Sharp-nosed.....---------------------- 195 
a! ee 337, 446 Sheep..------------------------------- = 
grandis Bee es eer h ens spend 446, 594 Sponge Tl... ee eee 466 
epiiogud.. . Seah 446, 594, 595 Toad...----------------------------- aaa 
Ey 0 ee ee aia gay = 12,105 | Crabs, Spider-------.-----------.----------- S 
Seer. enn erga 106, 122: 586° |) Grasse, Amaia - nw no ce 210, 213 
Megeeade) cok 107, 108, 114 Anamathia._------------------------ ae 
seid fal aisles... <icsanctiies 113 1) | Nae i ag Gr 210, 572, 588 
RERAUSUE. rected 7, 105, 106, 568, 586 | Crassus, Esopus.....--...-...-.-------- 191, 192, 587 
2k Topo eno x 7, 106, 119, 569 crebripunctata, Mocosoa-------------- 158, 159, 570 
leptocheles_.....------------- 106, 117, 569 (CeppALOS, UStQUIUS S| soccer 525, 583 
fer ee ee ee 106, 118, 120, 569 | crenulata, Parthenope-_-_-.---...------.---- 517 
J al a SL? Bi paral eet 106, 110 Parthenope (Platylambrus) _...-.- 517 
Ney re a a 106, 109, 568, 586 | crenulatus, Epialtus_..----...--------- 146, 147, 158 
ate... ee 106, 114, 115, 567 LOTDIBS - - ---------syginaese= mae 
See oe alee 7, 106, 110, 568 Platylambrus_...---------------- Alt 
tenuirostris_.......- 7, 106, 110, 111, 113, 568 | crispatus, Loxorhynchus-__......_- 198, 200, 571, 572 
Pectin = 1 aca 7, 106, 107, 568 | cristatipes, Lambrus-----.---.-------..----- Son 
imines st 7, 106, 121, 569, 586 Mesorh0ea.... ------------2¢0my- = 
omen ppiaer Crake 311 Tutankhamen -...........-.--- 530, 597 
ermine, PayphOG-...-.ritccstoreneP- 343 | cristulipes, Hemus- -----.----------- 7, 345, 576, 592 
7 hersangrus |... sees 343, 592 Mithrax. ~~~. --<seanqnnne=== 441, 443 
maaenimerate, Acanthonyx._.... apudaeansee 142 Mithrax (Teleophrys) .....-..---- 443 
concava, Cryptopodia_..-...---- 8, 551, 553, 584, 598 Teleophrys.. 7, 440, $41, 442, 443, 580, 504 
Macrocoeloma Ee eh a ea ee ee 487 cryptopodes, Cancériens Ret eS Oe en 510 


602 INDEX 
j Page Page 
Cryptopodiass.2- 2-2-2. sae ee SLI hos" | Dromincenee 2.0 Ui eek. ae cies 9 
concava..-.-------- 8; 55111553, O84 598. 1) Dryope: ee Se Viol ietind yi uehe aka 31 
fornicate 422 oe 552, 553 | dubia, Libinia_________________ 310, 313, 323, 575, 576 
granulate. =~. ee 555 
Nasslerise- eo. se eee 8, 553, 554, 584 E 
r occidentalis -------------------- BEGE i edentata, Platypessess os ese 347, 349 
curvicorna, Pericera_------------------------ 483 | edwardsi, Pisoides.._............_.-......._- 285 
curvirostris, Anisonotus--------._.---------- 31,50 | edwardsii, Herbstia___.____________ 294, 300, 575, 590 
Podochela - -___-_- 31, 32, 50, 53, 566, 585 orhstelin, ee eee ee 300 
euspidata, Apiomaia____-_-_--_-------------- 129 TE ya sere eet eee 285 
_ _ _ Pyromaia-.-.---.-- 127, 129, 131, 132, 569 Pisgides soca nae yee eee 285; 589 
coe Eurypodius - ca Bo Te Tee 80 efflorescens, Parthenomerus________________- 531 
Cyclaxisuborbiculariseassses= ees 383 Parihanona 
Cymspolia eee ede see eee 9 oe ede asees nr te 532 
Cpeiig eed Seek. esisdntaaalith lily 137 Parthenope (Parthenomerus)... 532 
elongata, Epialtus dilatatus forma_ 146, 147, 154, 570 
D elongatus, Chionoecetes opilio____- 233, 240, 241, 242 
Gallicaeupettiascs sees wn ete meen 167, 178,571 | emarginata, Libinia----------.-. 8, 310, 311, 314, 575 
Ganae shiny podilis = a ee ee 81 TL CRG oie sakes se eee 7, 507, 508, 596 
ASV 2 Vise cease nes mas Nl mee Lae ten ae 12, 137 Nerlotinr (Ul DUT e sara sas ae eee 575 
depressus___..--------- 137, 138, 565, 596 | emarginatus, Acanthonyx------.---.--.----- 142 
PIDDOSUS -aeeee eta nee a wee 137:198;506.;|) MOY ZOMarla sc eons se leo r ence ee See eemee 355 
UODOLCWIAGUS === 420 spans eae (33a: Enoplolambrs*s- 2 sees aes oe ee emo 516 
Gebilis; -Acanthonyxa- sans sees eee ee 142 Carenatus. = -. 8-22 see ease 516 
Meaplopod ae e Geneseo ian 14,18 | ensenadae, Leucippa---_-.---.___2.-22-____- 184 
Stenorynchus________- TAS 516218, 20 "565 || pe DialCeSe nee ease nee een ee eee 144 
Mecapodacsesener aukeee eee en ee oe tee, OQ) WEE Dialti dae hatc co eke ce ann mt ne eee mena a 140 
decemspinosus, Solenolambrus-_-_..--. 536, 540,583 | Epialtus____-.---..--.------_------ 140, 144, 162, 167 
Decorator Cre Diese sess ee ee ee 71, 449, 466 TITS ees oe eee a ae aes 148 
defiexifrons; Podochela..-22--2--- eee ote 33 (Antilibinia) dentatus______________ 165 
dentatus; pial tise oe see 165 (Antilibinia) marginatus________.__ 164 
Epialtus (Antilibinia)______-_-_-_- 165 (Antilibinia) nuttallii-_-.-._..-___- 163 
Epialtus(Taliepus) - 222-22 2-..--- 165 bermudensis 4 ee se 5 asses 146 
MPaliapus ves see eee ae 162, 165, 570 bituberculatus==-22--*" 2-2 = 2 sea 8, 
denticulatus, Mithraculus___......----.----- 428 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 153, 569 
Miithraxcc scr hc 2 aaa a oe 7, 428 brasiliensis ______- 145, 146, 147, 149, 158, 587 
Mithrax (Mithraculus)__ 382, 428, 579 crenulatusts. - 222. eee es 146, 147, 158 
Denton Cangrejoeee see ee nee 383, 400 dentatus=ss8t ss ee 165 
depressa, Misheria sa. oo ee 294 dilatatus -_--.-.----.- 145, 146, 147, 153, 569 
Merbstiqn see aaa 7, 293, 294, 298, 574 dilatatus forma elongata__ 146, 147, 154, 570 
Herbstia (Herbstiella) .......------ 298 LEO pen es eae eee 146, 147, 156, 570 
Her bsticlla tte 2a 293, 298 ingsleyis jee te ee 146, 147, 152, 569 
IMIcrOpnryS ease ee nee ae eee eee 497 longirostris-2- 2 ose eae 146, 147, 151 
depressiuscula, Parthenope (Platylambrus)- 8, 512, longirostris forma portoricensis -__-- 146, 
524, 583 147, 151 
depressiusculus, Lambrus------------------- 524 marginatusy:ce. co. nee 164 
depressus, Acrorhynchus-.--.---.------------- 31, 45 minimus-322220 = ee 146, 147, 155, 570 
Collodésfere 2a eee 107, 108, 114 Nuttall ss ese 162 
Dasyryius.).s ee 137, 138, 565, 596 Peruvianuss5222 146, 147, 157 
Microrhynehtis2-< =22 2-5 eee 138 productus sss 2s2.2 4 ee 145, 167 
Mithrax: [222-2222 407, 408, 409, 411 Sulcirostrisi3-4 2 eee 146, 147, 150, 570 
Weorhynehus-) oe eee is eee 138 (Taliepus) dentatus__._.....--.-.-- 165 
diacantha, Macrocoeloma-____-.-------------- 466 (Taliepus) nutallii-. 22-22. 163 
(Pericerace eee ee Sesh Meare 466 (Taliepus) productus___...-.------- 169 
diacanthum, Macrocoeloma-.-----.----------- 466° '|) ortcerddest 5 32 520 snl Ee 31 
dicantha; (Pericerat==-esa= aes eee ee eee 466, 467'"|| Erricertiss2 205% 222 2e eee e eee eee ee 31 
dicanthum, Macrocoeloma-.----------------- 464 Tatimanus 224s be teesed a PERE 31, 56 
dilatatus, Epialtus---.---2----- 145,146 514751531569 4) rile p buss eae esata eres oe eee 12, 68 
diplacantha, Macrocoeloma____-------------- 478 ‘ SPINOSUS:222e2 ee A 68, 69, 585 
Pericera: cote eee eee oe 478° |, erindcea; Libinise.- 2-2-2 2ee soe ee 311, 321, 575 
diplacanthum, Macrocoeloma-.-__. 464, 478, 581, 595 Nibiliaes-22ceses 2 eee 289, 290 
dispar, Pithoe ose a eee 356, 374, 577 Pisgli sd. Sia sre Oe 3 321 
distincta; ibiniay: 22222. "2-22 312; 3135318, G20) 624") ELOSA, DP NOGs== ate nerd ees Ee 347, 348, 351, 592 
Dorynchus eines se ee ee ea eee eases 27 | erosus, Thyrolambrus- ------ 8, 531, 533, 535, 584, 598 
thomeoni 22 2a5 Peet eae 27, 29) || ‘error, Humilniayses=sees5 sole sees selene 488 
Drlopie se toe tesa een eed 31 Microphrys2ss222se ese ee 497 
faleipodaz._-2.ao- a4 See eee 31,33'"|) Erypodius latreilliassss 2 =s2 heels seeonenoee 80 


. 


INDEX 


Page 
BROE RABE Dec nae St ee 140, 191 
NRE ok ee 191, 192, 587 
Bemis pining =.= -¢0 0 |: a ee 325 
Bspinoso, Cangrojo!a--_. 2. 2. acd ceesece 386 
Jp INU a ES a ne 122 Pelt 11, 84 
Rear pa Se 7, 85, 88, 567 
pan. ee os oni 84, 85, 86 
panamensis.._....._....._. 7, 85, 87, 567 
MTOR SES ee he Te 85, 86, 587 
Bhimipscniesstts nee ya ate 85 
7 TEED ol beh ee a aed es a oss 10 
Rear ieee on gin ser tee 488 
(S11 0) oa a Se SR 8 AEE Yee EO 488 
RPE CHEECLOTA 35 Ste te theres 140, 160 
perliviannish =! 2he% _.*2 7% 160, 161, 570 
iritorestus =~. Seba 160, 161 
EMEP Sa Cel CTT yet SIE te 160 
enlerca tins 362 so 160 
uprognata gracilipes............... 2ituecce 101 
mastellifera +... 22) een. bee 96 
mrroennAthn.< 5 Sate ey! . atl 12,95 
MeN ta. Ses, see. ond 96 
indalts.. 2. Sees 7, 95, 96, 103, 568 
pracilipes®.. 2222) eee et 95, 101, 568 
granulate... 23-982 95, 104, 568 
inermis:< 5. 2Sus eee See 96, 568 
rastellifera._..........--- 7, 95, 96, 568 
rastellifera acuta._-.._..._...-- 95, 
96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 568 
rastellifera marthae___--._----- G 
95, 96, 98, 99, 568, 586 
rastellifera spinosa_-_..------- 96, 101 
Euripodius longirostris---.-.---------------- 83 
Seerveulldl nee os 8 es be eetome Tuas 5 
RRS =a et F453 eee ed oes 12, 80 
sudanini_. ---—-. .. -teee so 81, 586 
Budaninit-* aa eessets..2 81 
Brew DOS ooo eee 81 
gowieris*- —..-- Pee seeees So 80 
RESOR N S St EA e an 81 
latroilel- 24 22522 seo 81 
Jabrotiias 92/252 = 2 os Jee sed 81 
intreul = =522-52--— 8, 80, 567, 568, 586 
longirostris a2. 3-3 .6-seee 80, 83, 568 
septentrionalis__....------------ 81 
ipibercttlatus:.-2-.2--25- eho 81 
eutheca, Macrocoeloma------------ 464, 484, 486, 581 
PerlCehe = ono sot hae 484 
excavata, Parthenope (Pseudolambrus) ------ 512, 
529, 583 
excavatus, Lambrus------------------------- 529 
exilipes, Lambrus (Parthenolambrus) - - ----- 523 
Parthenope (Platylambrus) --.--.--- 8, 
512, 528, 582, 597 

F 
falcipoda, Driope---------------------------- 31, 33 
fastigatus, Solenolambrus-------------------- 547 
ferreirae, Libinia-------------- 311, 324, 575, 576, 591 
filipes, Arachnopsis--------------------- 89, 568, 587 
Wisheria.....---.-------------------------- 293, 488 
depressa.--------------------------- 294 
Fish stomach----.------ 73, 184, 237, 238, 364, 415, 454 
fissirostra, Lissa--.--------------------------- 258 
foliata, Pugettia--..------------------------- 182 


foliatus, Mimulus------------------------- 182, 571 


Page 
forceps, Inacholdes. “3... ee 61, 63 
Mithraonlus® <> setae 431 
Mithray 2... Sees 431 
Mithrax (Mithraculus)_... 382, 431, 434, 579 
forficulatus, Metoporaphis__..........._.__-- 21 
Metoporhaphis--............_-- 21 
fornicata, Cryptopodia-_._........__..._.-- 552, 553 
fossate,, Pericverd-. <---> see, 482 
fragosus, Batrachonotus_-.-..........---- 7, 123, 569 
fraterculus, ‘Gambyros=2 2. slop Aes ie 525 
Parthenope (Platylambrus)-.... 512, 
525, 582, 583 
frons-acutis; Tuambras: ee 560 
frontalis,;Anomalopus...........--ibs22.L2.. 25 
Anomalothir..........-- 24, 25, 28, 565, 585 
fesirosira, Lissa =... oo eee es 258 
fogs, Anasimus =~... cee eee 64, 567, 585 
furcata, Stenocionops.-..-..----- 7, 448, 449, 452, 580 
Terrcatns: [Canvers’.-. 2. 25525 onceeccenees 448, 449 
LISPORMATHIIS. =. 5. cane 29 
furcillatus, Anomalopus.-........-.....-----. 24 
Anomalothir_—__.-saueees 24, 26, 565, 585 
ispopnsthns =. Wee sete 27,29 
fascathsy Cancer... 52 oo nee ee eee 448 
G 
el DIC Piha ee een ee 490 
Sib bose Eibpinin= so es eae oe ree eee aa 324 
gibbosus, Dasygyius...-.....---------- 137, 138, 596 
Microrhynchus-..........------- 137, 138 
INGOYD VOCUS. <5 5a eeneeeene ea 138 
Wilisiesonhoee si scco sc ace owes eee 548, 551 
Blabra,; Woerigese- 233253 sesso oa 141 
Glisohirtis = ss 22 3s Sosa ats se epee Pen en aes 507 
gracilipes, Euprognata..---.----------...-..- 101 
Euprognatha._-_.-------=--- 95, 101, 568 
henrocyclos( 2222 -eease-===—-5— 231, 573 
TAD iia 4 + es ee eee 224 
Mierorhynchur 2-22 93 -eees 231 
Podochela> 22.32 Se 7, 32, 47, 566 
BRachinia =++ ee oo aae scone 218 
Rochinias<s7--22>s.s-e= 204, 210, 218, 588 
Salaciq i ess 5 sen eee 231 
pracilis;, Oregonia=----------—22e—<--=5= = 70, 71, 567 
Piigettint see eee eee 167, 172, 571 
Pugettia quadridens, var------------ 172 
granaria, Libidoclaea -------- 8, 223, 224, 572, 588, 589 
grandis, Coelocerus_.---------------------- 446, 594 
ROCA YUCNUS . <-. nse emnes dee 198, 571 
ToxoryncHus: 2-2 -------eepaeeenc | ee 
granosus, Collodes.-------------- 7, 105, 106, 568, 586 
granulata, Cryptopodia ---_----------------- 555 
Huprognatha’-=-----------.- 95, 104, 568 
Heterocrypta..---..--.--- 554, 555, 584, 598 
. Barbe ge: ete eres 517, 518 
granulosus, Temnonotus.-..------- 340, 341, 342, 592 
Grass’ Crab.-} =. ~~ <2 - ~~ oe oe eae ena - = 465, 466 
Gripus januarii-__.-.------------------------- 123 
grossipes, Podochela------------------ 31, 33, 45, 585 
guerini, Lambrus..--------------------------- 525 
Parthenope (Platylambrus) ----.----- 8, 
é 512, 525, 583, 597 
guerinii var., Lambrus. -.------------------- 525 
H 
hahni, Libinia.....-------------------------- 226 
Halibut stomach ...----.--------------- 75, 236, 274 


604 INDEX 

Page Page 

Malicarcinus. 20722. + Se DOL} Eye a S28 a ale 6, 194, 252 

planstus=) eee 8, 561, 563, 584, 598 aiculeata. 8 sn ee 357 

DUDeScens=. 2 use eepeeee 563 Sraneus 3-202 ee oe 8, 252, 253, 573 

raner Pa Man) eek nrege eel hy yap ita = 253 araneus hoeki.--..£--2-). ober ys 254 

hassleri, Cryptopodia___.-._----__-_- 8, 553, 554, 584 Ibutonivis < eo Oe ee se eee 258 

Tam brus..-. Metsoledy ene 2 523 COarclate. =) 22 2% oo 254, 258 

Hemiphilli, Inachodes-_-... Auster ae 49 G@oarctatus- "2 s=25---ss nee 253, 258, 573, 574 

Wii tara xs 2) fe en 7, 395, 578, 594 coarctatus alutaceus-__....___-.-_- 8, 252, 253, 

Mithrax (Mithrax)________- 380, 382, 395 258, 259, 260, 262, 264, 266, 267, 268, 574 

hemphillii, Inachoides (Microrhynchus)--.-- 49 coarctatus forma alutacea ----__-------- 259 

Microrhynchus____-------------- 49 coarctatus lyratuss. °° sae 270 

Podochela_._______- 7, 32, 49, 51, 566, 585 coarctatus ursinus___.___-___- 258, 259, 267, 268 

AB iisie ee ee Lee ee 336, 345 cGoarctatus; var---.-) 2 ee ee 254 

analogus. 02-2. --- seweslape 7, 345, 347, 576 coarctatus, var. alutacea_...___-------._ 258 

Gristtllipess 2... aiieteenh A 7, 345, 576 coarctatus, var. latifrons_....22:.-.-_.- 259 

heptacantha, Macrocoeloma_______-______--- 473 ed wardstie= see = Sees eeneee 285 

Periceran. eee 473 latifrons!2 oe ee ie ee ee 259, 264 

heptacanthum, Macrocoeloma______________- 7 lymatus! eee eee 252, 253, 258, 270, 589 

464, 473, 477, 581, 595 SCCUAUUS oe eee 258 

Heorbstia je oe eR eases 194, 290,293 | Hyastenus caribbaeus--____.---._._.--_-.-.- 288 

camptacantha_______- 293, 294, 296, 574, 590 (Chorilia) japonicus__------------ 203 

Condyliata sta iAtaaey Ae 293 (Chorilia) longipes. auaeue 203 

depressa = Swear 7, 293, 294, 298, 574 Sa,DODICUS TA eae eens eee 203 

edwardsits=. oe 294, 300, 575, 590 GT See 203 

(Herbstiella) camptacantha_____- 294 206) ||| (Elymenosminse (<== e eee 561 

(Herbstiella) depressa__---------_-- 29g | Hymenosoma planatum---__--_------------- 563 

(Herbstiella) tumida______-_-___--- 299 | Hymenosomatidae-------------------------- 561 

DAL VItTONSe cate eee 294, 295, 296,575 | Hymenosomidae-----.---------------- 5, 6, 8, 9, 561 

DU DOSCONS ee oh ke ee Rea 294,302 | Hymenosominae-----------_---------------- 561 

PYTitormiss =. eee 294, 301, 574,590 | hypoglypha, Podochela__._---..------- 33, 34, 35, 49 

Gide is oe nee eee aa 7, 294, 299, 575 Podonem an = a= - = aaaea 33 

Violas sateen ene aha 303 | byponca,, Parthenopertie 2-el i iaiset__ oo 597 

Herbstichatise re sree cee ea 293 Parthenope (Parthenope)_-__---_- 512, 514 

Camptacantha--4 00.0 ul ee 994°) By poncus, Juamibnus i222 ees eee 514 

Gepressa-s oe ay eat 293, 298 Parthenope (Parthenope) -------- 514 

COWardSIIt eect etn arene ae! 300: 4) Mysttix, Amathian: 2S. oes Secs ee eee 214 

RULING eee eee ere et 299 Anamathia 2 =) S ere ere ee 214 

Fer DStltinis ta eee eee ear emer tare 293 Rochinia 22) eaeewire 210, 214, 572 

Heros @ancer =. Sete a ee 305 Scyramathias ~~ = See ee 214 

Cancer @machtis)2 ies. eee ee 305 

Chanute 304, 305, 575, 591 I 

Mig ares Be oe oie has pam a a appar eats 305)| Tnachidaew: £2 =< 22 5, 10, 11 

PIS sa oe es te Lc cons ee a 305.4 iach inde sve ve 6 een apg EI 7, 8, 10, 11 

PT @LOROCEY Dba on okt ee aie ae 511,554 | Inachodes brevirostrum---___---____-_-____- 133 

granulate 2522032 - 554, 555, 584, 598 hemi phi He oe eee 49 

epidea. 2s yo Soe ge 8;.555 050! 4]. Anachoides2 = eppaa sen eevee Reem ae 12, 59 

macrobrachia __ 8, 555, 557, 558, 584, 598 previrosirum See ee 133 

occidentalis ---_______ 555, 559, 562, 584 fOr COPS eon ee eT 61, 63 

EN COM eR Lotsa ee eens 146, 147, 156, 570 INOPNAtlis? ese At CORSE ee 60, 61 

Hincus;Cancey ete s) ee aye age ee 195 infermedius--o5 5. soa. eure eee 61, 63 

hirsuta, Omalacantha so. -2222- pens 488, 490, 495 laevis =e en 8, 59, 61, 63, 567 

ITSP SS I MaATAT SACHS = sepa nae me 431 magdalenensis... 22/2020 / 2 fle t2. 133, 135 

Mit hrexe So 200. bas 22 UL goa at 431 microrhynchus)--2 “32S 59, 60, 567 

Withrax forceps! <= see) ee #431 (Microrhynchus) hemphillii._... 49 

nirta: Oregonlas sa. eos. 5 eee ee 71 MicromynChuss-. 2 es) eae ee 60 

MISDIGUS)) CAR COLS eee ne aes he Maen een 406 OD EUSTIS. Coe Sen Ia Nr inaepaeteae 61, 63 

Mithrax__-__- 40, 379, 383, 406, 409, 411, 578 GUAOOL CUI G US ses eee 133 

Mithrax (Mithrax) -__._.________ 381.406) tka chUs atanenis ste soe ata eae eee ee eens 253 

SETAChOnites! 2 oc. eee ee ae 379 Cardenensise ee ete eae Pare eee 96 

hoeki, Vas. aranetis. =. cee kee oe ope le 254 TTATUAS eee eee ee ee a ae eee 165 

NOLSr eMithiax. oN ee eee es 392, 578, 594 SUPT GATS oot arts en re aera 14 

Mithrax: (Viithrax) = 2 ee 380, 392 TUOBeLCULA US soe oe eee ees 133 

FOLOpUGeses ean meets Nee een Ree ae 194,307 | inaequilaterale, Poecilasma______._-__-_----- 572 

ATMIALRS 2222 eee\ oe BO7; 070,001) Re IIGiClIS, SAC TOES epee oa se eee cee eel ee 92 

ELOINE CIC TAD eso tenn hoe meee 449) | Snermisy ©ollodessae na ee 7, 106, 119, 569 

PT LROHLI 6-2! 2 Se tee Dene hair be SAM ene, See 140 Hoprognath ase ee eee 96, 568 


INDEX 


Page 
eirlepar CADINi asc sso te eel ering 323, 324 
inornatus, Inachoides___.._......_._........- 60, 61 
intermedium, Macrocoeloma_.--_______- 464, 486, 581 
intermedius, Inachoides________._..________- 61, 63 
interruptus, Microphrys_-__.-___--__- 7, 489, 504, 581 
J 
ROMMER CTI DSi ios fee rte eS 123 
fanenicus, Evastenus.. occ scuec5---.--.--- 203 
Hyastenus (Chorilia) ...___..__... 203 
K 
ROEM ene Senet eS oo 172, 198 
inesleyi, Epiaitus. 0/22 146, 147, 152, 569 
PUB TOAD a. se No, ek ol 409 
L 
laevigata, Macrocoeloma..-_.__.-_.-_----_-- 483 
Obbonias oss. Bee at Lome 372 
PPeniceraie 65 ss ees te e 483 
PIP see ok 356, 372, 577, 593 
WEE Seitnoe. 82 sosso4 2. ee 356 
laevigatum, Macrocoeloma---_________- 464, 483, 581 
lnevyimanus: Mithrax: - 2. vee ee. 419, 594 
Mithrax (Mithrax)__-_.--__-- 381, 419 
laevis, Inachoides___.._....__.___.- 8, 59, 61, 63, 567 
TBBUCED DES soonest to ta Ce 184 
Micihipaiovata, var. = ste 360 
RENTERS Gets eo Se os =o see 611, 513, 516 
BROMUS oe Anat cen  o SE 513 
CTONAGNS 3 x3 se ee ees 525, 583 
ROME AIIS jose OE 516, 517 
CRIS LAI OS See Fe a 530 
MGBPTESSIISCUIISSS so ecoo oe sees 524 
BECV AGUS ee reise se a aoe eee 529 
REA UALCH US S554 eee 525 
PEOUBrACUUISE Sass ace x aa 560 
SPATIAL Sseiote ce cee 517, 518 
BUA TNa S SS es RE OR = 525 
SEVIG IAAL Ae Ss Soe Sa re 525 
HASHIGEIa S55 2k sr nas on eee 523 
A DOWICUS sas oe ete 514 
longimanus e253 sos oaseees 511, 513 
lupoidesss3 5555s ss 516 
melAnOGACtYlUS:...--— 2 so see 517 
(Parthenolambrus) exilipes-_---- pit. bes 
Ponstalesl sc asi es eee eee 522 
MBULheSHe-s. ee pees 521, 522 
RPITAUUS 5525 oe eat oma oe 516 
Prlan grils See Vee ee ees 528 
PORTE lest A ee ee SS eal 520, 521 
lamellatus, Notolopas--------------- 8, 287, 573, 590 
lamellifrons, Tyche_...._...--------. 7, 507, 508, 596 
lamelligera, Podochela__-___---------- 32, 52, 53, 566 
Podonemas ease ee eee 52 
lanceolata, Leptopodia----..---------------- 14 
lapidea, Heterocrypta ------------------- 8, 555, 559 
IePIFONS: ELVASa = 32 soc ean se eee 259, 264 
Hyas coarctatus, var_-...-..--.---- 259 
IRtirnbnus, soricerds... .-. 2220252 32-3. <252- 31, 56 
Podochela...- sor ese shee 32, 56, 567 
atl pes} We ISA J ss sau ssse oe eee aes ceune ee 348 
iutrenlel, HParypodiuss— 2552 5-3---5- eee ane 81 
fatreilia, lorypodiuss.._2---.feel-----------~ 80 
Mgr yDOGIUS! see essere een a a= 81 
latreillii ,Eurypodius-----..------- 8, 80, 567, 568, 586 


Page 

datas; Anasimus.. cose ecu. a 64, 65, 586 
haey Ora occ See 383 
leachil, Lirlopea-.. 8. ee 561, 563 
Peldlambrus: 222.8... Se 511, 543 
mitidus: so 8, 545, 584, 598 
punctatissimas 2-27-29 22-8 544 
punctatissimus--.._._____- 8, 543, 584 

spinosissima~.- =. Pye rs. 2 543 

Mop tecesuc sees sc sts on Le eee 194, 292 
OFNSbUB te ee ee 292, 591 
leptocheles, Collodes._........-....__- 106, 117, 569 
heptopise<o- ss25 esse 336, 375 
setirostrise fee ee wn 375, 577, 593 
(subgenus of Tiarinia) setirostris.. 375 
Leptopodias cesses 13 
calcarata~¢.2..~ Sooner) 2”. 2> 21 

CanariensisS 2-5" =r ea eyeg eee 14 

Ce Dilis S532) 5 e see eee 14,18 

lancediatas = 23. eee ee 14 

TING kbar oe ae eee eee 14 

NOUS bn de ce es 18 

(0) 9): Re le pa pew es = le 14 

Saglttarine 8 oe eee 13, 14,18 

Supl uterus tes [ara eee ee 14 

Wittatas se Seo ee ee 14 

Teucip pass. oo) erase re eee ee eee 141, 184 
BYISOHEGH Jes Fe a caterer 184 

MRO VIS? == neo eee 184 

levis eS een ee eee 184 

PONLAP OnE ee 8, 184, 186, 571, 587 
leucomelas> Miithrars |. =) 2282 eee 382, 421 
WEVICOSIAS IRDA LAL eer on ere Ce eee 563 
TSOUITOUY CLUBS hat eran nn ee ee ae 194, 230 
Braces == See eee ae eee 231, 573 
TOPSrcuIOSlIS-—-— sean e a 8, 230, 231, 589 

levis, Colles 3--- tee ose se eee 106, 118, 120, 569 
WeeurIp pe sete nceee seen eae ee 184 
lherminieri, Microrynchus.............---- 355, 362 
Othanide.<- 8s ee ee 362, 368, 369 

(PIGhOL ee eee 7, 356, 358, 362, 577, 593 

Ti bicl ochieas 226s sae eee eee ase ees 193, 223 
Drasiilensis:) 2 ee ees 325 
granaria__....... 8, 223, 224, 572, 588, 589 

SYM eb oe eee eros 223, 226, 572, 589 

Libidbcléa coccinee ee se een 224 
TD Diniitic me ae sae oe oe ae ee ace 6, 194, 310 
Bin nish. ss Ue ceca acctee 311, 317, 327 
CANBNCTIALAS Jo cece een 311, 313, 316, 327 
COCCINGE. hse cece wae eee cere eee 224 
distinct# = = ==. -se6.---. 312, 313, 318, 323, 324 

Cubist cess oases 310, 313, 323, 575, 576 
emarginata......---.-.-1 8, 310, 311, 314, 575 
emarginate,. varaole ose eos 575 
erinneed {sce ote eee ee 311, 321, 575 
OSPINOSA cascode aed eb oueeee 325 
ferrelyeg oso Cae 311, 324, 575, 576, 591 
PIPDORAS\~ a oatat eee teste ees---- os 324 
gractlings 2c 6 abo senate ce nennn 224 

PT es oo Ee ee ei 226 

TFA E kt hee SA EE aca wr 323, 324 
macdonald... aul eet ae eae ao 310, 460 
mexicalaL. Jan Soeeee 310, 311, 328, 591 

Tie GGL so chee a ad 162 
rhomboidea----..----- 311, 313, 323, 575, 591 
YORTTAVOS choo ace rdeete 8, 311, 329, 576, 591 


606 INDEX 
Page Page 
Iibiniaisemizonale =... =-°.- 52 > 327,328 | Macrocoeloma heptacanthum ._____.________ 7 
SHLOSASE Smee ae etter Cee es 311, 327, 591 464, 473, 477, 581, 595 
Smithil se is 2c ee ee 226 intermedium..-..__---- 464, 486, 581 
Spinimanass 2 eee oe ee 310, 457 laevigata: 5 yin aetna 483 
spinosae. 2 2 as 8, 310, 311, 325, 576 laevigatum__-_----___- 464, 483, 581 
subspinosa4 322 pee es 313, 318, 321, 576 septemspinosa----.-----.---2 477 
Werrucosa ~~ - 2-28-88 311 septemspinosum. 7, 464, 477, 479, 581 
kineata, eptopodiaas=--eee sess er ean eae 14 subparallela.--.2-.2!J-2...22 480 
Mhiniopeassss orks see eset Bete ens 561 subparallelum-___ 7, 463, 464, 480, 581 
JeachiiGe Sse tele aa tea at 561, 563 tenuirostras sees 375, 576 
Mucasiiis = PES S28 le ee Le, 563 ETISDINGSAS 2 ns ee 466 
IS DOSTIALHUS ate set Ae See RT ae ee 27 trispinosum__-_. 463, 464, 466, 468, 580 
(Dorynchus) thomsoni-------- 29 trispinosum nodipes--_--.---_-- 463, 
PUTcatis ssi sae Poe ree 29 468, 471, 580, 581 
furclahisresssee es Sapa 27, 29 trispinosum, var__- 463, 468, 470, 581 
CHOMSONILE Sanat ee eee 29 Willosa. e825 2) 8s aan e Ny 482 
Wissel S222 a= saeco een woe eee na 194, 331 Villostim) 2-22) eee 7, 464, 482, 595 
aurivillits) ose ee eee ean ee ae 7, 331, 333, 591 | macrodera, Podochela._____-_-----_-- 33, 44, 46, 566 
piganinata se Aske alee rd 7, 331, 332, 572 INMacropodiae suse bs Jo la least aaa 13 
brasiliensis 22 see as 331, 335, 572 sagittaria isd A 2B ia Ie 14 
fissirostra.---_-..---.---.-------------- 258 | Macropodiens.ceinceueicjecas teehee Le 10 
fssirostra—-.—. 2.2 22----2---- no = =n 258 | Macropus sagittarius_.........-...-.-----_-- 14 
TUDSrOSaaeeeee sea eas Sie 7, 331, 333, 591 Soticorise<--0 seemeepedt” Ueeealpoe 14 
Lissulla..------._-.--.--------------=------=- G3} Moasandrina.. 2 cit tAy eta Ol 433 
lobifrons, Podochela--_-_---------.------ 32, 57, 566 magdalenensis, Inachoides___._____-_____-- 133, 135 
Podochela (Coryrhynchus) -------- 57 | Maia Savibtariateteale Ja elena 14 
longimana,\Oregoniaes 2220 sae seme nee 71 sowulpiteis ot. antl emai e 422 
longimanus; sam brus] os os22 22 aes 511, 513 SOLLCOETIGES cise tes Lats os ehh oe 14 
LENA AN) oe en oe 511 spini-cincta 2s eee 406 
longioculis\#reltinia =5.0- 2s suee bese 85, 86 spinosissimacs2 2.4... 2. Sacer eee ss 383 
longipes; @horiliasos 2 so) aes 202, 203, 205, 588 ERED UL es ede ok lene, gon earls ala 448 
EDV aStOnuSs 2222242 es 208 Wnt ers. Ved tule ei epics yo 0 ahaa aa ae 10 
Hyastenus (Chorilia) ----__-.-.--_- 203°. 'I- anaiaii Gl ie ices oth tui! 10 tal a dd pce oe 10 
JONgInOS tris EH DLAlGUS eee ek eee ele LAG SALT LOL HW eNWatinn pies wie Muelae” eee ale 335 
HUT PO CLUS Sea sien oe Ae BSW AMaalin ed 2 Lot ys bal yea 2 nd allah amen 10 
Bry podiusss sess uk gee S0)'835563' tl Nia oid aaesute eae ts elas 1, Nagar hus 5 
Stenorhynchus-.-_---_--_______. FLY aealapsis( 2 os N Oe el gale 336, 337 
Jordi, prugettiatie seats. see ae 172 panamiensis. 2 = 12925 2 yas 337, 338, 591 
Toxorlynchus 2s 22n a ease et ae eS 193,108 ll fin. 2 (ane eW ls 2 | ee aura 11 
crispatus______...._- 198, 200, 571, 572 STAM CLSH ute oe ek ian ana 253 
STANGISE sous 7 Sena 198, 571 tif ese den S007 Glen an nee raed 253 
JUOK ORYMCHUS tere ne aie pau ees ae 198 GCOS ln 1 te ac eu Oc 305 
grandis_--.---..--.-----.---.-- 198 Serittarias2 22.0402 2) ees 14 
WUCASU, WaNCUEt ODS = a5 a ae ee 84, 85, 86 RagIttaris oh co. wphealnmdstemmbaerce 14 
IRE OTSEL ete ees 563 SOtICOTTIS Sol Gee aan igs aia be Res oe 14 
lunulatus, Acanthonyx.-_.._.....-----.----- 141 sninizelncta 0). oct |. Aeabn ed etieene 406 
Tupoides, uAM busta sascha poe e 516 Majidna. lj oats 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 
LY TALUS Ey AS aoe eee ae 252, 253, 258, 270, 589 MAMA gs ees ea een 7, 8, 10, 335 
CEOS ER Ao Majoidea-Hymenosomidae---__..------------ 561 
M IMiamiaiidae sess a08 outlet ae oe 335 
Miacos Grape tiptoe Oe le Le peeee S 449).) Manilatis poeyi..!.2-.-2 2 esate lent 382 
macdonaldisTabinige 2-222) See ean p ee 310,460 | margaritaria, Podochela-_-.--------- 33, 43, 566, 585 
Stenocionops--_-__-- 7, 449, 460, 462,595 | margaritifére, Xiphus_......-...-.----------- 59, 60 
macrobrachia, Heterocrypta_ 8, 555, 557, 558, 584,598 | marginatus, Epialtus_.__.___.._---.----------- 164 
iMiacrococloma:s. 2). 2 ellen 337, 463 Epialtus (Antilibinia)_------.-. 164 
camiptocera. = eae 469 Maliopuss 2.25 shee 8, 162, 164, 570, 587 
camptocerum_.. 464, 469, 474, 581,596 | marinus, Araneus__.__.--.------------------ 422 
COLCA as 2 is nee NE han 487 | marthae, Euprognatha rastellifera____------- ay 
CONCAVITE eee 464, 487, 581 95, 96, 98, 99, 568, 586 
Giacanth a= c2 2221s wees 466 | massena, Parthenopoides--_....------------- 528 
diacanthum Sein ees sae 2 466 | melanodactylus, Lambrus-_-.-.---------------- 517 
dicanthume so.» 5). ae eeeeiies 464) |) Menaethiops...-) 1-55. 5 ease § 141, 189 
Giplacantha 2-2) oa yeaa Se 478 bicornis!).2. 2. pet hon) aE ees 189 
diplacanthum______- 464, 478, 581, 595 portoricensis.—.=stea eee: 190, 570 
BUUNEC AN si pe AG4:484 486, 581) ||) Denia 29. tee ee 2 ss We eiasy ee ae 141 
heptacantha...--._...----.-... 473 Plabraecdee aie otis ee 141 


INDEX 60 7 

Page 
PEEPS ee So ee 511,546 | Mithraculus nodosus_____.._. — 
bellii Ronen nan — nam 8, 547, 548, 551, 584, 598 wimas eee 432 
oo SS tee, meee 530 RUDGr. os 2 ee ae 429, 432 
Sulsuiabisaiteiieeeeeeees 548, 551 Bon GO Rs 379, 422 
sexpinosa Jee aeeen. aaegan see 546, 547 mUlpnpUl atria 22 oo: ae 505 
ee , Sexspinosa eee §)546,,547, 649, B84. } (Misthireyte a 337, 379 
etoporaphis pce ? x : < echt io gt : : aculeatus. es RR ra S 394, 400 
Ferm ens See aes ee Sa acuticornis-.~............ 7,388, 391, 577, 594 
TOPPCuA Gs 56.4 Sects. 21 PUT oot ee ee 382, 438 
WWESEGMOFNADINS ey 11,19 SYSOIRUUS 22 ae ee el 7, 433 
ealedrata 2-2 sae t ath | 21, 565 SIMALO Se 20 0 Soe ae 294, 399, 594 
BaIORTO GIS sS oe Fy aa a 21 REDON ot ook ko, ares 382 
WarhiculAgusy = 22.2. 22.22 eS 21 BAUAMONSIB 2 eee 393, 577, 594 
mexicana, Libinia .._.............. 310, 311, 328, 591 SUE arate ce ae ona 7, 403, 578 
Podochela (Coryrhynchus) -_____- 42 nragiliensis..- 3-0) ee 404, 578 
mexicanus, MooEhiyrIichus:<2st 22h 133, 135 Carl bDaeOS =.) 3 ee eee! 409, 578, 579 
eC RT Fee Dts eee ce teehee aay as £7 ree 359 CINCEIMBNIUS — =". eee eee 438 
Wvata* war. lngyis.! <9 e ee 360 cornutus.............. 386,30], 577, 578, 503 
ERIN GS sk Ire ko eN ree 337, 488 QOTONALUS. 8) eee 426 
PUCRIOR GIS 2p o_o cee: 489, 500, 596 CONYDNG «5 anno ta ee ees 7, 426 
MMiMensise.- nee 7, 489, 498, 582 ChIStHU DOS - - «= <= 5 = see aa ee 441, 443 
PIAL TIEIGE ene eee oe 490 Gentlonl ating. seers one 7,428 
Neo r Hs eee 488, 489, 581 KIBYICESS Ta ee 407, 408, 409, 411 
branchialis_____- 7, 489, 502, 505, 582, 596 IOLCODS ns .n0-- 22 ua epee ese oe 431 
SV ETEINE TSE Dew ge kes eh celle nap oar 497 forceps hirsutipes_...............--- 431 
are eS eee ee genet fee 497 antpniites. - ss eee 7, 395, 578, 594 
PHLAre DLS ee tse 7, 489, 504, 581 hirsutipes -..< .. =.=. eae 431 
ISD ISON 2 2 ee eee 7. hispidus__-__--- 40, 379, 383, 406, 409, 411, 578 
488, 489, 497, 498, 500, 582 be (21 9 acs aE Te 392, 578, 594 
See ee ee ee 502 JASVIMANUS. ono eee 419, 594 
PUMA ste See ee en 281 lencomelas <= — = — eee inne 382, 421 
triangulatus____...__. 489, 503, 505, 582 os) ne 422 
USHER Mere re ns eee oe 8, 488, 496, 596 (Mithracolus) =o. ae ae ee 382 
eee LOA ee see we ee eee ee 496 (Mithraculus) areolatus.-_-... 382, 433, 579 
we EPI oe Spi ae ee ES re he 194, 303 (Mithraculus) cinctimanus-.. 382, 438, 579 
REVERE eta SR Pe ee 303 (Mithraculus) coronatus__..__-_---- 426 
BriGlaton at sen es net 303, 574, 590 (Mithraculus) coryphe ---..-- 382, 426, 579 
Perannyne nus 2 Soe eee 137 (Mithraculus) denticulatus_._ 382, 428, 579 
DEDreSssHs= sen oe ee 138 (Mithraculus) forceps---- 382, 431, 434, 579 
PIU DOSUS Soot oe ee ea 137, 138 (Mithraculus) nodosus--..... 382, 429, 579 
DTACTIDRSE ss eee eee 231 (Mithraculus) ruber_._-...--- 382, 432, 579 
TGEM pHi ee eee 49 (Mithraculus) sculptus-..-_-- 382, 422, 579 
(Inachus) tuberculatus-____- 133 (Mithrast). ... =... ..c-<--2e~geesG- oe 380 
microrhynchus, Inachoides._._---.------ 59, 60, 567 (Mithrax) acuticornis__..--.-- 380, 382, 388 
micrornynchus, Inachoides-_......-.-------- 60 (Mithrax) armatus-.-.......---.- 380, 399 
os SUP EPR TLCD O01 a pe a aera eel a aA a 355 (Mithrax) bahamensis-..---..---- 380, 393 
IHeriainicnios esses etna e. 355, 362 (Mithrax): bellitc=2 522222222 381, 382, 403 
CLL Spe I Appl lc Sea 488 (Mithrax) braziliensis ----.--.-.-- 381, 404 
PCH etek = bet SP RNU SE Te Bees. 2 500 (Mithrax) caribbaeus_.-_--..----- 381, 409 
PS TPOETET Aes eR eee ee 488, 489 (Mithrax) cornutus__.....-.-.---- 380, 386 
ES SOTA Seen eT eee eo eer 497 (Mithrax) hemphilli-...-__--- 380, 382, 395 
TCS ee TFs Sa SR a ld i ap br 141, 182 (Mithrax) hispidus---_.....-.----- 381, 406 
SORT ONS 2462 = At ee eee ee 182 (Mithrax) noldert-—.-c--------~s5- 380, 392 
ONES ee 8 er ee 182, 571 (Mithrax) laevimanus- -.-_--.---- 381, 419 
minimus, Epialtus____...--------- 146, 147, 155, 570 (Mithrax) orcutti..........--- 380, 382, 397 
Rabanne ibhrak’-n22 8 oo asec 422 (Mithrax) pilosus....-......------ 380, 304 
farapilis, |Oancer-_..=---_-=------- 366, 367, 372, 373 (Mithrax) pleuracanthus_......... 381, 411 
RODE Se ee ee aoam 361, 366, 367 (Mithrax) pygmaeus ---....-.----- 381, 406 
PIUNGe—~see 7, 356, 358, 362, 366, 577, 593 (Mithrax) rostratus........... 380, 382, 386 
OWES EP HTIG IS Ss te os ST See ee 379, 421 (Mithrax) sinensis.........-.----- 381, 419 
Pig etal ene he peel tnd pp jal ES 433 (Mithrax) spinipes---.....--- 380, 382, 391 
ClnchiMmAnHe S53 ne ote eee 438 (Mithrax) spinosissimus--.---- 380, 382, 383 
coronatus---_---- 409, 422, 423, 424, 426 (Mithrax) tortugae........-...... 381, 417 
MIGYISICTIMUNS ease see eee tae 428 (Mithrax) tuberculatus___...-...-- 381, 418 
HOT COTS eee ees ae oe eee rns 431 (Mithrax) verrucosus......... 380, 382, 400 
MIFAHhi Pesan os cae 431 (Nemausa) acuticornis - - --.--.------ 3838 


608 INDEX 
Page Page 
Mithrax (Nemausa) spinipes._-_..--.--_----- SOL | INOnOlopase: fete oe Nee es eee eee ee 194, 287 
TUG EL OSEAN eis tenes ps ERI 429 DTaSibierisis 2 er Lhe aeenes 287, 288, 590 
UU G UES oes ec eens SE 432 Jamellatus.2-23.ce9gonle 8, 287, 573, 590 
Oreutti-=~2c- =< BR a 7, 078: | HUGS; Collodes ee ess I 106, 110 
pilosus2e4+-2 IN MR 394, 395, 578, 594 Mithraculus: 22. - =)... S/R haa is 432 
pleuracanthus______.-...-.-.- 408, 411, 579 IMiaithrax® ' beets ea £432 
plumOstSel- sn SEE 400, 402 | nutallii, Epialtus (Taliepus)..._..._..______- 163 
DY PMAOUS - hese st  LE 406, 594 | nuttallii,Epialtus..o2 2. -!22 162 
quadridentatis <n ee 382 Epialtus (Antilibinia)__-.._______.. 163 
TOSEVATUS! tte hats soe LA 7, 386, 593 Libinia. oo 162 
TUDO 2 hes ae cn ERE 7, 432 ‘Taliopuse:222- Se ee 162, 570 
SCUIpP HS ek a ie PE 422, 426 
Sinensis#= 44224 6.2L le 419, 420, 579, 594 oO 
mp iNdetos 2 SaaMDRANE 5a9 gay | OPESUS, Collodes.-.--.-----eeennn- ee a a 
Me initinetiie: sco RONEN g- ” 408 obtusus, Inachoides... - ek ai a a 61, 63 
Spinifrons’=-+5---- eae onl, 383 occidentalis, Anamathia_ fa ree ices so eg oe a 220 
Spinipes®) 2 oan se Se ME 7, 577, 594 Cryptopodia_---------.------- 558 
Siinosissbaytd- 1+ ++ Ue 7, 383, 391, 577 Heterocrypta ee 555, 559, 562, 584 
Se achipiiadindes talk ae 383 Rochinia 22222 see 210, 220, 588 
SUDSPINOSust sss es Oe 392 ah on aerate cre aero aan 
(Teleophrys) cristulipes___________- 443 BOTHER DSA (VEE SCR Cees ee 52 
BOUT ee raha ROIS © 417,573 | Omalacantha.———--—————— —— op aapes cn nana nn oe 
Gieisiptetseirds seo uO 383 ad insite ss Sse ee 488, 490, 495 
trianpulatusiss: OME eee 505 ee SHEL uh ately ne ator pre AMER gs] ATR ” 
feiganioyiiis ces aie -,-8 MUIR 378 Oost-Indische Zee Kran eves pee ae aes 13 
diciNsiitisat hes ae LOUIE) 409 | OPilio, Cancer. -.-.------------------------- 233 
i eiAeee. Ob .... avnacele 418, 579 Chionoecetes pets 8, 232, 238, 235, 236, 244, 573 
He dish lcus aa, 1 POR. 442 Oplopisa -- serene reece ec ee enc ce ee eee ee ene es 193, 228 
savigdibiyi dhe edie ui, cs AON 5 403 : Spinipes=) "see cou sake wee eee 228, 589 
VerrulCOSuS #2 ie 7, 400, 404, 578 orbicul nS, Cancer Bak a vs psde REMADE TF os 
SAIL caat een aia eS) 400 orcutti, Mithrax_.__. WAL Lede eorcaee eee aere te 7, 578 
ASE bie irs ety acieaseas <0 n= sd ARIE 165 Mithrax (Miithrax)=2 esas 380, 382, 397 
Mitraculusiareolatuss) 22% Leesa Se 433 Oregonia See TE LTO ELTT CLE Cer es ich eee Ope 
mupeenidinite Gadosmnsily 429 bifurca Py ts a SE a) i eae 71, 79, 567 
tnnidneNanie (uuluumil key 442 gracilis AY aah Worse ct eet eg ee 70, 71, 567 
Muatrax:trigonopus 22g. Sik year nG se ea 378 hirta Ti NSN Vadeiy <a tire WRG ne a 
WWiocCosoae sos: Se REM re) SSS EE 140, 158 Jongimana Siew ah 0h cus ane amy a 
Fe crebripunctata) 2. 22 2v hss 158, 159, 570 omata, Leptopodia. ———— 2 n— ma pem nna naa = 
modestasAmathintmouds lalate © 216 ornatus, ueptecess.- 2 = - o-cso = eee oe ee 292, 591 
‘dammathin Iie) Giclee) 216 i Meleophrys2--4 4 =e 440, 444, 580, tee 
. thonia:: 2222-2 o aes be ee 
iy Bates nnse vor gsans ene rE aouleata- 357, 361, 68, 38 
Pica... or waldion versie) 278 anisodon. 2.2244 se ee 368 
carolinensis!- 2 = eee 363, 364 
N laevigata e222. 35 keene 372 
Nematisa-. 2 2.222 2 2 eh eee te 379 Therminienis 22> ase 362, 368, 369 
rostratd- 0 Ges ee 388, 390 Mirapilist sesso ee 361, 366, 367 
Spinipes: 222248 eon eee 379, 391 MIGHOMS1S. 2 3 eee ta ee 360, 361 
INeorhynchus-: -22 2. bee ere ie tS 137 Dicbetiee ees See ee ees 359 
Gepressus. 6.350! ee 138 Quadridentatas=— => eee 369 
gibbosussc¢ to esis ee 138 quinquedentata__-___-__- 361, 362, 365, 374 
TNORICANUS 2 so ee et 133, 135 NOUMHIGR 2 se ere 366, 367 
IND aia See. 3 Se Ee ae eh be, oe ae oe 194, 289 sexdentatas.i. 22 ae pees 355, 366, 367 
antilocapras cua ae, 289, 290/'574;,590° | ovata, Miicippa--=--—- 2. -= es ee ee 359 
GPMStae esc eng Seek Sed 307 IMilcropisa= = 3.225220 223s a ae 303 
OTINACO A Eee es eh. se Sallie ee eh 289, 290 Rericeras aes Ue Seed eee 459 
nicholsi, Batrachonotus__-_______ 7, 123, 127, 128, 569 Stenocionops= = 25-26 es ae 448, 459, 595 
QOthonmia! tes ge eee 360, 361 Van, laevis, .Micippa=. -=-22 25 eae eee 360 
nitidus, Leiolambruss 22.0 ee 8,545; 584,598. || Ox vpleurodon.....24--- 222-22 eee 185 
Pisolam brug sees see 534, 541, 542 SLITS OTIS es eee ee 185 
nodipes, Macrocoeloma trispinosum.--____--_- 463,.:4)4@xynhin ques sii hie oe ea ay 5 
AGS) 471. 580581) \Oxynhyneh ase ans! eh ee eee 5, 9, 10 
Pericerals eee ds putes ae ua A68(2)|Oscymin cht ee oS ee es 5 
modosus,Mithrachluse cay ou a eee 429d Oxystomatae ce (ones eee ee eee 9 
VEC hireix ea eee oe cao eevee cee 2 429)" 'Oxystomes= 22. - sa oe ace Se eee el nes 5 
Mitbrax (Mithraculus)-.--___ 382):420°579, || (Oysters, yOUULe 2-5 a2 see ee ae seas ee eee 315 


INDEX 


P Page 
Macifies Peligs oo o634 Me 278, 281, 283, 574 
pallasii,.Peloplastus.. =. 222.0 ee 232, 233 
panamensis, Eucinetops__.__.....____- 7, 85, 87, 567 
IMisiopsisesoe ee 337, 338, 591 
PRR Geteette Siva tt 348, 351, 576 
Mirenrersa Gi renee se Se en 336, 338 
Déekstromie sire set 339, 576 
WRrOR. so A se 81, 338, 339 
PEN GH OM DIUSS 2co- aso eS LS 528 
WaNpelUs;. Speer Ps 528 

PIREMOUOMNIARNE See <= = 531 
BHlogrestens = ooo Ie Se 531 

BERTI CaS Sr oe tence BLA 511 
ROIS 255s I ee 582, 597 
Granulatasa eet: Steph! 8 517 

GEIOTOSCORS coor SE 532 

hymen can eee ae 597 

(Lambrus) punctatissima________ 543 
jongimaniss. ES ey a 511 
(Parthenomerus) efflorescens___-- 532 
@Parthenope) ise Boas! 512, 513 
(Parthenope) agonus__-_---_- 512, 513, 515 
(Parthenope) hyponca____-_--- 512, 514 
(Parthenope) hyponcus-_--_------- 514 
(Blatylambrus) ee 512, 516 
(Platylambrus) crenulata_--_-___- 517 
(Platylambrus) depressiuscula -__ 8, 
512, 524, 583 

(Platylambrus) exilipes____------ 8, 

512, 523, 582, 597 

(Platylambrus) fraterculus__----- 512, 
525, 582, 583 

(Platylambrus) guerini ---------- 8, 
512, 525, 583, 597 

(Platylambrus) pourtalesii--__-_- 8, 
512, 520, 521, 582, 597 

(Platylambrus) serrata__--.------ 512, 
516, 582, 597 
(Pseudolambrus) - ------------- 512, 528 
(Pseudolambrus) excavata- 512, 529, 583 
(Pseudolambrus) triangula___---- 512, 
528, 597 
mpunctatissima=—<=--—o2 - anton 543 
ArENPoupIGse 4>* =... .--- = 2220320 5, 6, 8, 9, 510 
arnenepigns 2k 52 == awe Ss eES.---- 510 
MarMPnoninas 205 225... oko sesusiu---- 10, 510 
MAnLHPnoOpiINned ---—.=- 2-32 2-sbAses as. ---- 510 
ari HenGnoldes=----) ec stes: tee See ee _- == 528 
massena-.-.----- @--------- 528 
parvifrons, Herbstia--------------- 294, 295, 296, 575 
Rhpila-- 2s 22s ee ees 296 

nH eet ee Se saccnstece a aesaeree 194, 275 
PR es eee eee ane a= 281 
RAT ete oe cee ea sasae esas 7, 276, 278, 574 
RACINCH Ee eee oan atone = 278, 281, 283, 574 
MUCHO pense acon asaaanonao 275, 278, 284, 590 
POUINMGS o-oo cess ee soso neon Sean 278, 279, 574 
TOUTE A TE Wee ae ee ate ase seca aera 279 

REP dare Somes thee ee eeee ee eee am 281 
HII GS os) o eee ene ae 7, 278, 281, 574 
Peloplastus-22- + +--2--- Senso naan ao- == 232 
pe sit as Se es So ee 232, 233 

PITA rte ees or SS oe ee cae 141 
fonpioctiiss 2222224 <¢--=-- === 85, 86 
BEUTITOLNORS eo oe eee =n eee weno 142, 143 
Peludo; Cangrejo...------------------------- 323 
pentagona, Leucippa------------ 8, 184, 186, 571, 587 


Puge 

Werléera: =< sssteesee-8s scsscsses ee ee 448, 463 
atlantioa--- @.ccu2 e225 fe 457, 458 

DIOORNG soc Sse soc es 8s 489 

Dlcomib ses 2a22s se 489 
bicornutas2s cso sree sss Pee 489 

Coolant nets Te 450 
camptoceraes: 22222 ccc ess ett 469 

Coelatas oe. see ce 450 

CONTR URES at 58 has eee es Neo ee 451 
CORTINGS peat eee en eee eee 449, 450 
cornuta cnelate 2s ee 450 
PONVICOIIOS See ae ee ee 483 

dincan Ghat ics se 4408 eee 466 

Cicuri bins ets 2: rien eee 466, 467 
CIplaenn tii. - 4 an eas Or Oe ee 478 

RULDE CES Sees y= oes eee eae 484 

TOSSALAL. sna eS eencnenace ce 482 

He puncen thin: seers eee ener 473 

THeVIP aise. ee ere eee 483 

NGC Pes oe ee eee pane 468 

OVEbHs os SO can enk aon 459 
Seplemspinost o-oo cn wea 477 

BDi ccc sdcasceneseneceressseceenas 450, 457 
Bpilnusinstiiy oo ee 455, 457 

BOD parAllela Ce See eee coats 480 

CRYST AT ere 461 
trispinosas 22 Sos ee 466, 468 

SORA GE Ey Sopa ere ge ee ee eee 482 

VEL Sin eee eee ee ae 480 

peronil, Paramithrax®=-°----------- 53 81, 338, 339 
peruyianus, Epialtus--.-...-..-------.. 146, 147, 157 
Eupleurodon------------- 160, 161, 570 

petiverl, Acanhthony x = oe 2a ee a 142 
petiverii, Acanthonyx-.....--------- 8, 142, 569, 587 
PuAlaN ETON, CANCE. 2-6 oc coea eee 233 
Dhalanglivni, CaMcer Soe aaa eee ane 233 
(PAY COS aos o-oo ot eae ae aa oe ones 303 
mNTeNnnaribis SUAS eee 303 
‘PICroCerOldes rr rc aseases= 336, 353 
thbalaviss J eco 353, 354, 576, 593 

Bletetl; Ohba. acne eee 359 
PItHG oe occa ecnaeeees 7, 356, 359, 577, 593 
PLLOLOR US oe a5 rote owee ca aera ergata a 355 
Duosus; Mithrats Ss. S22 0J----<—. 394, 395, 578, 594 
Mithrax (Mithrax)......---------- 380, 394 
Pinnotheridae-H ymenicinae____..----------- 561 
Hymenosominae- -----..-.--- 561 

PinmiGhberiens tee oes ae ese ere 561 
PINE AUTORUN eo atte os ee wa ate eer 500 
(ORG HE foe See coe oe aan gone 204 
ANUOCA DI Wrsswe soca ak aan acne os 290, 291 
ICONTE. or oe ie te tte etter 489 
BICOrmU Cate col tometer ae tees 489 
erinhbee 28 Secon asetcasame eae 321 
PAlDICd 8. a center awaa nase add eramnacde en 490 
TRBTOS cn ite ened ep dein so ales 305 

Ati Ness sooo oe tie ener eonn 348 

PIU ULES oe i as tani ee ts ip nt er lone 278 
PIMGLOMG. oe 5 See soa sae aoe 290, 291 
purpurea -..---......-----.------------- 490 
Spinl pes Sheer oo en cee ae nen 391 
PRROOU.: o- sean een ctcQuneceaesankenettn 195 
tHispinosa 22 5222-2. c so cone nen onsen enea= 466 
PIS sess on ch ct aeeheewcehamnente 7, 8, 10, 193 
PIBOIUHS he co cee be coo cata serenn ene eerie 194, 284 
PAINE TB oee  e oeperinnnere es 497 
GA WATON! 2220 oh cack neparaednncesas 285 


610 INDEX 
Page Page 
Pisoidesiedwardsills. see eee eae 285, 589 | polyacantha, Stenocinops__.._.......-._____- 455 
tenmiGusi osc 2 2 ee hee oe 281 | ponstalesi, ambrus.__-_.. 4200-22202 22 522 
PIIHETCULOSUS oe 2s a ee eee 284, '285,:286: |) “Poritesponites2525 2). ee 402, 410 
LUNN GUS eo ee ee ee 281. \\;morites; (Porites: <5. 352 5 ie a eae 402, 410 
Risolam brug 3 os = eae es 534 | portoricensis, Epialtus longirostris forma____ 146, 
Mipidiisry ss eee 534, 541, 542 147, 151 
PASH. See le ae Sele ee 336, 355 Menaethiops so6 seuss eee 190, 570 
actleata ue 2 ees. 7, 356, 357, 363, 576, 593 Solenolambrus____-._.__- 536, 539, 583 
@niSOGON $2esc2oe- | oan) 8 ao eee 356, ||| jpourtalesii; Wambruss 202 521, 522 
358, 362, 368, 370, 372, 374, 577, 593 Parthenope (Platylambrus) -___- 8, 
@ispars.- 2 cba eae 356, 374, 577 512, 520, 521, 582, 597 
IAewIgaia ay ase ee ee 306),372,(000,/009 )|' (praclonga, Pisa. ooo. lajeeee ye ee oe 290, 291 
laevigata, Valse osoee aoe. eee eee 856%| ‘producta, Pugettia..---—- 2-2) 167, 570, 571 
therminieni: cess - ass 7, 356, 358, 362, 577,593 | productus, Epialtus._._____._____________- 145, 167 
mirabilisses2ccacee 7, 356, 358, 362, 366, 577, 593 Epialtus (Taliepus) --......._.--- 169 
pictetit peas wee oa. 7,806, 809,577,093) || sPseudolambrus.. 2-0-9222 22 ates an 511, 528 
quadridentata_.._...___- 356, 369, 372, 577, 593 calappoldes= =e see ae 528 
quinquedentata__________- 7, 356, 360, 361, 592 | pubescens, Halicarcinus..-_.________________ 563 
sexdentata.-.--.=---.< 7, 355, 356, 367, 577, 592 Herbstia. ==... 2 seen syle cyt ae 294, 302 
DPlanata,Weucosiaes 8. cle ek rey ke 563.) pitella, ThHOescrs5 Sth oe estan er, 7, 348, 576 
planatum, Hymenosoma-.------~.-..-------- 5631) sPugettia. 92.020. 22 nd ee 141, 145, 167 
planatuss Cancersecc oo ae 563 STISET ALIS oboe huces. frases sual epg atm 184 
Halicarcinus__-_.---.-- 8, 561, 563, 584, 598 Galle: Soe le 167, 178, 571 
Iplstylam Drus acceso tone see eee 511, 516 foliata si secned een ees Seo 182 
crenulatus -2- 50225202222 o Le 517 gracilis: c.. Jace healers aia 167, 172, 571 
SODTStUS 2.022 ee ee 517 Tortie teal cn! gar onteyee deni t kere bl 172 
ele GDS sees ee eee ea ere 347 producta cies (: seit 167, 570, 571 
Odeutattes see a eee ee eene 347, 349 quadridens, var. gracilis_._._______- 172 
bE iG 9a 0 1S eee ere 507 Fichif ew ia ie teh ye all oe 167, 176 
triguberculatuse ss. seeeeen oe 507, 508 SOTITLLORILIS Se. 2 eel 142 
platysoma, IMicrophrys]-2 22-2. 5.55 se ee oe t SPacewlserey hast Me mankun ee DPR Cel ce 184 
488, 489, 497, 498, 500, 582 VOTIOH ARI ele a ee aT 167, 180, 571 
BNSG TU eee 497 "|| pulchella, Pelia-t=sssauaee anne 275, 278, 284, 590 
pleuracanthus, Mithrax-.--......._.-- 408, 411,579 | punctatissima, Leiolambrus_.---.---------- 544 
Mithrax (Mithrax) ----....- 381, 411 Parthenope:¢2zaie tattle oe, 543 
plumosus, Mithrax.__.--_-_..._-_---__-... 400, 402 Parthenope (Lambrus).-_---- 543 
pococki, Teleophrys--.-------------- 7, 440, 443, 580 | punctatissimus, Leiolambrus_...-------- 8, 543, 584 
Podochelae2): 2522-29 sk oe ee an 11, 31 purpurea, PASS) a es eet ee en 490 
algicola__....---.-------------~--- 33,41 | pygmaeus, Mithrax_-.............-.------ 406, 594 
barbarensis-__---__- a--2-2---- 32, 54, 566 Mithrax (Mithrax)__.__._-_.__- 381, 406 
(Coryrhynchus) lobifrons-.-_.-.-. 57 | pyriformis, Herbstia_..........-.-- 294, 301, 574, 590 
(Coryrhynchus) mexicana_-___--- 42 UO dia ee eal Rea a 293, 301 
curvirostris See 31, 32, 50, 53, 566,585 | pyromaia_____________________-_-__-_-_----- 12, 127 
deflexifrons.-.-.--.-.------------- 33 arachna,. 2 ee 128, 129, 131, 569 
gracilipes...---.----------- aes ty 000 cuspidata-____..---- 127, 129, 131, 132, 569 
Brossipes.....-------------- Seo epaaee tuberculata..-........-- 129, 133, 569, 586 
hemphillii eed eee seine 7, 32, 49, 51, 566, 585 tuberculata, vary Aces oe] eee 129 
hypoglypha we nrc n—a------ 33, 34, 35, 49 fuberculata, var. Boss. sees 129 
Jamelligera eee ee 3202 Be, 000 | metho. TJ ee 2 eigen, ots 355 
latimanusso=soea =o = see eee 32, 56, 567 é 
lonieons see teen NE 32, 57, 566 Q 
TTACTOGEL AM ee eevee 33, 44, 46,566 | quadridens, var. gracilis, Pugettia_....-.-.-- 172 
margaritaria_._.....--__-- 33, 43, 566,585 | quadridentata, Othonia_-.--..-.-----.-.---- 369 
TOISO Lees oes delet SW GN as pe IE 39 Pithoz==2s22-5 356, 369, 372, 577, 593 
Tisai ood uow 7, 31, 32, 33, 38, 39, 566, 585 | quadridentatus, Mithrax._._...-..---------- 382 
Bidmey Lae wae see cela tan, 32, 39,566 | quinquedentata, Othonia___-____-- 361, 362, 365, 374 
Sspatulifrons 245 eee we 33 Pithosa ena 7, 356, 360, 361, 592 
Spinifrons 22 se sodas kel a 50, 53 R 
TONUIpes =e seein hes eae 40V 51) i) Rachinias 2222 2s. See oka eauen ea ee eee ee 204 
VESLILAM RS: A eno a aate 7, 32, 42, 566 STACL I PES uaawes sean a aetna ene 218 
Po dionern see Aah UNM, TUL eI A ah ae Sl} rastellifera, Huprognatavses 22s beane Ses 96 
hy poglypna-o 2 eis Cay e 33 Hiprognathass-s2=2ees02s— 7, 95, 96, 568 
lamelligeras 2222) i ae eee 52.1 Red'Spider Crabecs 2225-22222 oes sesee ae 386 
THSCL RS Suge sate Re ee 31533), |\ reisel; (Podochelaca2252.42*2e-—-- ase eee 39 
VEShi tae a te Saco eed ee A nee ADI ROD GAN DLAs tens coe 2A aus Seine SS nee ey See 9 
Poecilasma inaequilaterale__....._....------- Ye | VOGT Op LUNI 8 sess ae ew Shs ee A agen 9 
poeyl, Mantilatus 2220. oar eee te a ae 382) Ml Rin olen bn seee = ee eo a nee 514 


INDEX 


Page 
hizocephalid!=.__--:._....._. 26, 34, 35, 36, 91, 171, 
283, 346, 364, 365, 370, 435, 474, 475, 492, 505, 581 
ERED Leg res ecte eee gates SS OL at) 293 
Parvitrons 2222222. Aso eBags Th. 296 
Mprirormnig? 323518) oe el 2 293, 301 
rhomboidea, Libinia__________ 311, 313, 323, 575, 591 
Meriirenigottigs 22 8222) a) oo eee 167, 176 
musol Coryriiynchus.. 22.2020 le 31, 33 
Podochela_._______- 7, 31, 32, 33, 38, 39, 566, 585 
ReRMAPSIESEIE HY o> Shek gh eS og) 31, 33 
PICA TIA Se ea SEARED | 204 
PTCREYICL ELE ets EE 128mm Ben hen AN 204 
robustus, Collodes_-___ ......-....- 106, 114, 115, 567 
RUMI eee ae eee ieee os Pines MEET e" |e) 193, 204 
POruiias sc 428 eee 210, 217, 588 
EEE ok app LF ae i 210, 572, 588 
BEACH NESE = 22 eas 18D 204, 210, 218, 588 
1S AS ab St a es a 210, 214, 572 
HIGGS Stee soe ene 210, 220, 588 
RSCEPIN We ne 8) > Ps o> 210, 213, 216, 588 
IGOR. Hs 25 eNs ee ee 210, 219, 222, 572 
WUGSLHDOL EY ¢ Kept co eed en 5 210, 221, 588 
Pusirata.ibinia: 222222222 8, 311, 329, 576, 591 
TRUS a va ae 2O eS SONA Seah 388, 390 
Kosirawus, Anasimus.- 2.2 ..2-22222222.2- 68, 69, 585 
RSCG = ee rat seen ee 7, 106, 110, 568 
RUE LT Yee Soe a= eter ere ts 7, 386, 593 
Mithrax (Mithrax) _..______ 380, 382, 386 
MEetOUn OYA: ooo Sn 366, 367 
eee ae ao ene ene 278, 279, 574 
RePHIERE OU oo ost oe eee 279 
rubellula, Eucinetops.-......__._______- 85, 86, 587 
Pere MICNYACHIOS.__-.-..-._- 429, 432 
TOR EREREEE Mee tse ae ee ee 7,432 
Mithrax (Mithraculus) -________ 382, 432, 579 
CONICET OTL Ft oi al tit ae AS AIG a 429 

s 
Sasittaria, Leptopodia = 2-22.22 222222. 13, 14, 18 
WEACrOpOdIs= =o s275< 5 5 PE IEeats ofS 14 
RVG a nn > 4 SAUER ESE Sed A OIAEE EN |. 14 
IMA S Ses o sce seses cso 14 
RPPILPALIN IM AlAs <2 2o22occsre225--20 52 ola see ee 14 
mpiiiarius~ Gancer.<cs2soccsccescececel bee 14 
Imachiis: = s52242292- ee ee 14 
Teptopodiat vs.) anus sees ws 14 
WiseTo nnn a= asset see. wes aeenas 14 
Btenorhynchus... 52s ees 14 
Stenorynchus:...--2.4232-2ci.0e5e4 13, 14 
SEIOHLELUS \CBHCEF {5.2 - - TUS ees 14 
Reprise Set eosin pees 230 
pracilipes-_._... = Jesse Be. 5 231 
Bp a eR a ee cco 231 
maberculosa._- = = Beeson 230 
Barings. Cangrejo_-..._= 22 o-oeute tes 383 
Benizophrys aspera -—__..-..to=2ieseLe=.... 382, 383 
mince. AGLUPA. .- 5...) .. 2s Ie. EO 550 
var. scutata, Oethra---.....------- 552 
serine Main... ..... sdccsassan ie 88s 422 
sculptus, Mithraculus-........---.-------- 379, 422 
UROENCSUK en oe ee ee 422, 426 
Mithrax (Mithraculus) --.--- 382, 422, 579 
BREIL s a CURD: 3- sue sese ss, 2 3S5_.3-- = 552 
Wethra scruposs.....---225242--+ -es 552, 583 


Oethra scruposa, var_-...------------ 552 


611 


Page 

scutiformis, Peltinia............... 142, 143 
Pupettia 2:32 ees 142 

Sopra: 3 25255253 2:1 eae 7, UR a 193, 195 
Scttitrons <2 22 2 Sees 195, 572, 588 
umbonate:s< 29-0 es ae 222 
Scyramathita: fs tse 0 sus st 6 ig Oy 204 
ARAM. 2: 52920 + LELOURS 211 

Carnentert..2 8.2. US) Oa ai ae 204 

Carita sce e sis far AGM: 217 

Rystvin ss oo s25255 PORN 214 

wHlponabAe e552 To 222 

wesloularig: 2-5-8: -s2s.72 24). | 221 

sSemizonale; Libinia=..22..o-ccc02- 2) WE 327, 328 
septemspinosa, Macrocoeloma-______________. 477 
Percale: <oss2s:2 eee 477 
septemspinosum, Macrocoeloma. 7, 464, 477, 479, 581 
septemspinosus, Aepinus_._____________ 92, 568, 587 
A pocremnus 222522. ....-- 92 

septentrionalis, Eurypodius---______________ 81 
Serpulid worm tubes. -_.-...22..2-...2 166, 319, 415 
serrata, Parthenope (Platylambrus)__________ 512, 
516, 582,597 

Serrapus, Eyes. 2 ot eee ote 258 
GAM DIS 23 ee 516 
Platylambros.-.. Sees? See 517 
Selidcornis, Cancer. .s_=- 22-2 = 13 
Macropus.....- ara Stanek sae 14 

Maldon = 252.02 14 
Maja22%..2... <2 -.2be ee 14 
Stenorhynchus..........----...... 14 
Stenorynchus.-....._.._- 7, 13, 14, 16, 565 
setirostris,(Leptopisas._-. 2 useb ace. 375, 577, 593 
Leptopisa (subgenus of Tiarinia). 375 

Tdarinia. 9. pee ee 2 375 

setosa;, Libinis......-.. =. ee 311, 327, 591 
sexdentata, ‘Othonia: .....-u: Sesosats. 355, 366, 367 
Pape es 7, 355, 356, 367, 577, 592 

sexpinosa, Mesorhoea.__.........--------<- 546, 547 
sexspinosa, Mesorhoea__-__-..--.- 8, 546, 547, 549, 584 
Sbharp-nosed Crab... --. 5 sateen ee 2 oe 195 
Sheep Crab: 2.50 acne nn oan steeeeeiee enon 198 
sidneyi; Podochela:...- . Lee caccca- en 32, 39, 566 
simplex, Temnonotus._..........-.----- 341, 342, 592 
sinensis, Mithrax...........sapuedan 419, 420, 579, 594 
Mithrax (Mithrax)_.............. 381, 419 

Sisy PGS... as 5-esncwneada teense ve 343 
COMPressus....... cestosuaus swe ee ee 343 

smithii, Libidoclaea_...........-.. 223, 226, 572, 589 
Dipinia 6. sat. Sse ens ncrn state beate 226 
Solenolambrus- - ---.-- Gn cine SER ee 511, 534 
Arovietws *....d2tesi3. jes 8, 536, 538 

Deut. eek ee cece 548 

decemspinosus --_--..--- 536, 540, 583 

fantigatus.-. sccutielt<nceone 547 
portoricensis........-.- 536, 539, 583 
tenellns.......-.<-cex 536, 541, 583, 597 
typious,......<-s5ed te. 8, 534, 535, 

536, 537, 538, 539, 547, 583, 597 

spatulifrons, Podochela.-.....-.------------- 33 
Sphenocsreins -- eo cn scene 141, 185 
agassizi.-.. . 4. 7, 187, 188, 571, 587 
COrrosuS...--..-. 7, 185, 187, 571, 587 

Spider Crabs...-- << so. een aenncnanneenel 5 
spini-cincta, Maia.....-.-......--s2cnne=a--- 406 
IO oe ais acini ene tne ees 406 
spinicinctus, Mithrax-..-..--.--------------- 406 


612 INDEX 
Page Page 
spinuirons, Mithrax=4— 222. Sys seas ee Bes, ||) tanner, Acmatiiagyl! Yul oles yee 216 
Podochela i oiceco ease eaeee 50, 53 Amampt hig 0 cue_ sna. des sas ie 216 
Spinimans, Hui bimayoste. =. seek eee 310, 457 Chionoecetes_-_-___---- 232, 243, 248, 573, 589 
Stenocionops ---------- 448, 449, 457, 595 Roches 22a ee eed 210, 213, 216, 588 
spinimanus, Stenocionops------------------- 7 | tarpeius, Parthenolambrus____..-...-.-.-.-- 528 
Spinipes; ‘Cancer: 22-22 s.2ss54 deo eae seas SOU |} teaturts) Whale sik stepetee. she sl Sata ee ee ele 448 
MET pirate ae ton ee ee AG DI O04 || Meleepbrys- = 2s 2-e Ben ee oy eee 336, 440 
Mithrax (Mithrax) .....-.--- 380, 382, 391 cristulipes____ 7, 440, 441, 442, 443, 580, 594 
Mithrax (Nemausa) --..----------- 391 OLNAtUse SAee us 8 440, 444, 580, 594 
N@mSaUset- 22222525 see 379, 391 Pocockie. 2 esa 7, 440, 443, 580 
Oplopisa 2.2.0. eee es eee 8 228, 589 bomidus:sr. 2 oa ee 440, 442, 580 
PISA: 2% 2) tc sacs sepia es BE Sou.) Demnonotus: 2-22 <-- 22555. 2 a 336, 340 
Spinosa, Adal: fos 228-2 222ale sake te ee 377, 378 pramulosus:s_2--- sss 340, 341, 342, 592 
Euprognatha rastellifera_______-_-- 96, 101 Simplex. 2222 eee 341, 342, 592 
Thibiniaues 22.222 2L tse 8, 310, 311, 325,576 | tenellus, Solenolambrus_-__------- 536, 541, 583, 597 
spinosissima, Leiolambrus-_------------------ p43) ||) tenulidus, Microphrys: 2242525 <.225 2 ae 281 
Maia: 22 =23 -seeebed 52a erage 383 PISOId ES a= fe ea ae 281 
Pericers sere So es 455,457 |) tenuipes,, Podochelace22=+=—--------------- 49,51 
Stenocionops__-_-_ 449, 455, 457, 580,595 | tenuirostra, Macrocoeloma___-------------- 375, 376 
spinosissimus, Mithrax_-.----------- 7, 383, 391,577 | tenuirostris, Collodes_-__----- 7, 106, 110, 111, 113, 568 
Mithrax (Mithrax) ____- 380) 3825383: || tetraodon, @bisa.- 2. -- 32 ee ees 195 
SPINOSHS P AmaSIMUS see ess ee ees es ee 68. |) Mnersandrys--< 5252322. 2a ee ee 336, 343 
Coelocerlis* 8s! = sees eee 446, 594, 595 compressuS..-. 2-25-2222 9= = 343, 592 
Brileptus. 8 2 ee 68; '69):585) I} hoes. 2 a ee ee 336, 347 
spinulosus;, Achaeopsis__- 2. 2222s seem tebt-t 27 BSDSIAsSS2. 1 2 ses ee 348, 352, 576 
Spongel@rabj 2 226-2 ees es ee ee 466 GlOSR sees oleae een tee ecee 347, 348, 351, 592 
Stenocinops polyacantha_,__---------------- 455 PAN AIMENSIS 3) ese ween eee 348, 351, 576 
SGenoclonops es oes ea sl eee 337, 448 Dulellay s.2t2 coos eee ee 7, 348, 576 
contigua____---- 7, 448, 451, 455, 580, 595 sulcatassg2hh. 2a5: 25S ee oe 7, 348, 349, 576 
furcata.:22- 22 eees 7, 448, 449, 452, 580 | thomsoni, Achaeopsis__..____.-.---.-- 27, 28, 29, 565 
furcata coelata_.._ 448, 450, 453, 454, 580 Dorynehus: 2. 22222225228 eae 27, 29 
macdonaldi-___-.---- 7, 449, 460, 462, 595 Wispognathus2 3-2 Soe ae 29 
OV ACAD AI ees Ol Neth ite Hanh 448, 459, 595 Lispognathus (Dorynchus) - ----_- 29 
spinimana.-.----.-!22 448, 449, 457,595 | Thryolambrus astroides--_------------------ 532 
SpInIMAnus-. eee sere mori) “DR YVEOIAMDYUS = sss sees ee ee 511, 531 
spinosissima___--- 449, 455, 457, 580, 595 astroides__------- 8, 531, 532, 584, 598 
triangulata ____-_- 448, 461, 462, 580, 595 erosus-_------ 8, 531, 583, 535, 584, 598 
Stenorh yuchus=-2--220- 2-2. ee er ee 1) || ‘Diakinianss-- 2s 4 os ee a 375 
longirostrisl aie ee ee 21 Sotirostriss:- 2. oa ee ee 375 
sagittariuss. 2.55212 ee ta) |’ DoadCrabssss 22.282 hee ae 253, 258 
SeLIGORWIS Jos sae seen ee q4 |) tortugae, Muthrax.-:22:22-2 23) 2 ee 417, 578 
Stenorynchus.-!:-cs22222-ss--e 8 ee 11,13 Mithrax (Mithrax) ---.---------- 381, 417 
debilis-sessase=2 7, 13, 15,16, 18, 20,565 | Trachonites_--_-----____-_--_-_--__-._--- 379 
Shzittarius 2242. ee 13, 14 hispidus: |=... 2-223.) heen 379 
seticornis___---------- 7,13; 14, 16,565 | Trachymaia_--.---_--.--------_-.--------- 193, 229 
stimpsoni, Eucinetops----------------------- 85 Comuta;.22-2--- _ ae 227, 229, 573, 589 
Oxypleiirodons sss sso 185 | triangula, Parthenope (Pseudolambrus) - ---- 512, 
Stomach’of eod_====2--=52.255222222 174, 244, 256 528, 597 
Stomach of fish__-.----- 73, 184, 237, 238, 364, 415, 454 | triangularis, Mithrax____-------------------- 383 
Stomach of halibut _....-.--S----------- 75, 236,274 | triangulata, Pericera_.._.____.-.-.----------.- 461 
stiborbicularis,.C yelax 222 2a - 383 Stenocionops-_-___- 448, 461, 462, 580, 595 
IWMIGhraAxes ys sss see ee 383 | triangulatus, Microphrys_._-._---- 489, 503, 505, 582 
subparallela, Macrocoeloma --__-------------- 480 Mithracolus_ 22°) eas 505 
Pericerdss. 27 eae ee eee 480 Mithrax: 22203522558 ee Se 505 
subparallelum, Macrocoeloma -_-- 7, 463, 464, 480,581 | triangulus, Lambrus-_---_-.------------------ 528 
subspinosa, Libinia_...------------ 313, 318, 321,576 | trifurcatus, Eupleurodon--_--------------- 160, 161 
subspinosts,.. Mithrax-<- 22-2 -2ues ee 392 Euploradon 2: 2225 ee ee 160 
sulvata; (Bhoess. 2/5. we 7, 348, 349,576 | trigonopus, Mithrax-__.___.__--------------- 378 
sulcirostris, Epialtus__....--.------ 146, 147, 150, 570 Mitrax. eubbe eles see 378 
trispinosa, Macrocoeloma--.-_.-_------------- 466 
T Periceral ys. ie pal aes, 466, 468 
Nachymaia cornita. See ee 229 Pisa se ee ee 466 
FE ali DUS Gs senssee eae sos Ree ey Pee 140, 145,162 | trispinosum, Macrocoeloma-.-- 463, 464, 466, 468, 530 
dentatus 5.3525 162, 165, 570 var., Macrocoeloma-._ 463, 468, 470, 581 
Mareinatuss ese sce 8, 162, 164,570,587 | trispinosus, Collodes_--.....--------- 7, 106, 107, 568 
nuttallii tle eae 162, 570 Mithrax-/: 202 Seber eee 400 


INDEX 613 


Page 

trituberculatus, Platyrinchus_____.________ 507, 508 
tuberculata, Pyromaia_._._..______ 129, 133, 569, 586 
Van Ap eyromaia 2.) 129 

War, Js, 2 Vromaia.. 3. = 2 129 
tuberculatus, Dasygyius._.__..._...._..______ 133 
Henypooiws. isi.) 81 
THEGHOIGES!s---.- 2  ee 133 

TUT AG Tee a a ol 133 
Microrhynchus (Inachus) -___. 133 

WETS rae ss ho ek A 418, 579 

Mithrax (Mithrax)_____.____ 381, 418 

ma berculosa, Salacie......-.....------5 4.2. 230 
tuberculosus, Leurocyclus______.____ 8, 230, 231, 589 
Disoides..7- 5-2: 5 284, 285, 286 

RPPMMREN Hs ISSHa oo eh 7, 331, 333, 591 
tubularis, Picroceroides_..._______- 353, 354, 576, 593 
TRIP EUNS Cig et) At: a a 7, 294, 299, 575 
Herbstia (Herbstiella)_____________- 299 

eR OSiGlal senescent ke 299 

Lele a ae eee Sern 7, 278, 281, 574 
tumidus, Collodes._........__._- 7, 106, 121, 569, 586 
IISA en aes Pees eae es 442 

WEAR UNTIS! Se ye ee So 442 

PISOIGRS= ssa est 2 = ee oe 281 
spelpopurys=—< 22 o2o02 4s. bee 440, 442, 580 

turgida, Chorilia longipes_--___ 203, 207, 208, 209, 588 
iRRSRIRCHH TOT ery se) A ee 2 oe ee 511, 530 
GRISTSULDES teas ae 530, 597 

paras ricrmnrer ee Oe 337, 507 
PAG UITSOSUTIS. = 2 <5 Soo ot 2 oe eee 508 
TSEAMATOB EES 2 oS ooo ee ass 508 
BInarPIiatae 5. 2. oso cs 7, 507, 508, 596 
UPEIGI aT 1h a 7, 507, 508, 596 

PRM HREE ee oh es oo oassakeeantuesusese 507 
typicus, Solenolambrus---------------------- 8, 


534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 547, 583, 597 


U Page 
umbonata, Anamathia__._.............__ 222 
Rochininw oo oo 210, 219, 222, 572 
SO9ERr eee ee 222 
Scyramathia: co eee 222 
ursinus, Hyas coarctatus__________ 258, 259, 267, 268 
UYSUS Girne See ee ee a 403 
V 
venetiae, Pugettia.._.........._._.___- 167, 180, 571 
Vern Gambrasates ec! ee as 520, 521 
WeErucosss Wudbinle.e--- = Rie eee 8 es Lee 311 
verrucosus, Mithrax.............-_.. 7, 400, 404, 578 
Mithrax (Mithrax)________ 380, 382, 400 
Wars; Wun rae: pee ee 400 
vesicularis, Rochinia.=_..-..-..-.2-.2. 210, 221, 588 
Atyramathia® 35.2 se 221 
vestita, Podochela.........2...._....-. 7, 32, 42, 566 
POCODOMA: wots a a ee 42 
Villosa; WMaeroovelome..— 2 --_-. 22 482 
Peritera..-5- 25328 52 ot ee 482 
villosum, Macrocoeloma.._..._._____- 7, 464, 482, 595 
Vilpini; “Pericerd==..— 205.0 25s=25 4 Se 480 
wiolaces: Herlstia-- =... 22 vase ase ete 303 
Wiicrapisa’=s 20>) nee eae 303, 574, 590 
vittata; Leptopodine <2 22. 282 ee 14 
Ww 
weddelli, Microphrys-.-_.._.......---- 8, 488, 496, 596 
waddellil) Microphrys:..<-2-..2.6--¢.2-— 2s 496 
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xnivia; Caricer: < seo 2 sate ance amen eee ae 165 
RO NUS eee hase raunn ae eae aoe ean 59 
MaMPavitiere. ooo seu peewee we aeee 59, 60 
Z 
Zee Krabbe, Oost-Indische-_--_-.......------- 13 


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