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eformation and TET Loog 


nti-reformation in Bohemia — 


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REFORMATION 


AND “%~ 


ANTI-REFORMATION 


BOHEMIA. 


From the German, 


IN TWO VOLUMES. 


VOUT, 


LONDON: 
HOULSTON AND STONEMAN, PATERNOSTER ROW. 
1845, 


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THE 


REFORMATION 
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CONTENTS. OF -VOL.. II. 


CHAPTER I. 


Preparation for an Anti-reformation and the Suppression 
of Protestantism—First Assaults on the Protestants 
after Ferdinand’s Victory—NSeizure of their Churches 


CHAPTER II. 


Expulsion of the Evangelical Clergy :—the Drethren—the 
Calvinists—the Bohemian and German Lutherans— 
Charles Zierotin—The Polish Monks ~ Proceedings in 
Wallenstein’s Domains—The Superintendent Gunther— 
Village of Ullersdorf . : : ; : 


CHAPTER III. 


Expulsion of Protestant Schoolmasters and Tutors— 
Surrender of the Caroline College to the Jesuits—Joy 
of the Romanists—Proecedings of the Jesuits—De- 
struction of Protestant Books 


CHAPTER IV. 


Agency of the Jesuits in accomplishing the Anti-reforma- 
=) - 5 
tion in Bohemia—Assistance of Lichtenstein’s Dragoons 


CHAPTER V. 


Proceedings of the formal Anti-reformation Commission 
in general-—Dismissal of the Protestant Officers — 
Sufferings of the Nobility f , ° 


CHAPTER VI. 


Proceedings of the Anti-reformation Commission in the 
towns of Bohemia—Prague—huttenberg —Jungbunz- 
lau—Leitmeritz — Konigingratz—Eger—Saaz—Tauss — 
Rekyzan—Schlan —Prachatitz—Leippa-—Gabel-- Nimes 
— Pardubitz—Bensen--- Lissa — Joachimsthal — Extract 
from Report of the Commissioners—Persccution in the 
Steyermark—Sufferings of Protestants in Poland : 


D+. 


20 


155 


173 


i i ne a eM RR es el eS 


J 
te, 


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1 sara 
wena rie ‘There dependent tact a 
Amnieres!) ati we Whine oy 
dlr hs qiyis Wa EL? — ein = fyaitilovet de 
Dwar as 


qi aee all oh yD Iealiegew@ all. wit te 

~serial J nem baie veliiet af 

» Cathe — oll iil wl? — wt 

ain aan wll —heot «amelie 
» Prafieeglt) to agelth? 


WS gerasaio 
—oew! lon eemlennbdodae * sorespaney’l ‘to 


sain bill he aah oeaet wit Ye 
poeple ‘Vo akiwnnde 
oY ete 
snnitohmetiee. it ovulengudivandny etivaubesd9 0. gomeyd. 
eutogave! #reiitoowtibynd ww waeoleion)s- mor 
7 TaPtAns : 
Aine sUidoueebnton | We sggeritbnsons) 
er spateiost nit IW’ —lersneg at 
ss - (eee, Qh Yo egret 
= WV ana rEnetey 


whe. RRR Ie 6 seo ceumndi ere, ot we —* 


Danica oe or hs : 


wn ; 


lv CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER VII. 


Sufferings of the Peasantry—Constancy displayed by 
many of all ranks—Insurrections in Bohemia—Perse 
cution of the Albigenses and Waldenses : 


CHAPTER VIII. 


Banishments from Bohemia—Consequences of the Anti- 
reformation—The Emigrations which afterwards took 
place—Return of the Clergymen with the Saxon Army 
—Again driven out by Wallenstein—Invasion of the 
Swedes—Renewed Persecutions iz 5 z 


CHAPTER IX. 


Accession of Ferdinand I1f.—Continued Persecution of 


the Protestants—Sutferings of Father Ambrosuis—of 


Father Dietel—of the Historian Holyk—Deplorable 
condition of Bohemia—Kenewed Emigrations—Treat- 
ment of the Protestants of Salzburg—Proceedings in 
Konigingratz 


CHAPTER X. 


Secret Protestants in Bohemia—Suppression of the Order 
of Jesuits—The Emperor Joseph if. publishes an Edict 
of Toleration—Formation of Evangelical Communities 
—Subsequent Condition of the Protestants 


CHAPTER XI. 


Difficulties attending the Emigration of the Protestants 
from Bohemia—Instances of Suffering and Constancy 
—Resting-places of the Exiles—Their Reception at Zit- 
tau—Grosshennersdorf—Schonbrunn — The Moravian 
Brethren — Build Herrnhut — Their Congregations— 
Missionary Stations—The Diaspora—Seitlement at 
Niesky—The Exiles at Gebuardsdorf—Dresden—Pirna 
— Zinnwald — Neusalz — Schneeberg — Freiberg — 
Zwickau — Johanngcorgenstadt —Wiesenthal—Wittem- 
berg—Berlin—in Silesia-—Holland—England—Sweden 
—Denmark—and Poland—-Awvos Cumenius—Hfis Ad- 
dress to the Bohemian Brethren—Conclusion , : 


230 


Page. 


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(or) 
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sity omsi ea ihe ' “att % wpuiviot 


OO Lemwlortill pe iy uu te 
SY. ——— bonaeli adh bo 
_ . sey sunedied 
vidiity gill So a items ov) ewnfaignl 
dei Clertia gai! og F —and legates, 
tunel ney wile dake wilt td aquedih=—wnaly 
of 40 qGhervnl aie FP ge tne awe a 
iG: ; nieeig amet ; 
AT SATUS 


Vw iy nomete’ a AT hheaailrw® wy 7a 
Loci aa ee Te ee Le al 
alvnauli T so aly wll Gebel 
1S CTOON baw ti —~ehtedel Yo wxllilignd 
(re ae oT = wit Ww Pe 


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af ‘fata ” 


Swit pay be Do nyex?—aomstoll ee | 
tall © a signees wambg aD a 


waitin, Loe Tw ate 


THE 


ANTI-REFORMATION IN BOHEMIA. 


CHAPTER I. 


PREPARATION FOR AN ANTI-REFORMATION AND THE 
SUPPRESSION OF PROTESTANTISM— FIRST ASSAULTS 
ON THE PROTESTANTS AFTER FERDINAND’S VIC- 
TORY—SEIZURE OF THEIn CHURCHES. 


Tue punishments which had been inflicted upon 
the Protestants in Bohemia, after their subjugation 
by Ferdinand, were certainly not altogether on ac- 
count of their religion ; much was caused by political 
animosity, and more by the hatred of the Ro- 
manists to that spirit of patriotism and zeal for the 
constitution of the kingdom which the Protestants 
had so decidedly exhibited. The determination, 
however, of the Emperor and King, Ferdinand [I]. 
was now to bring back the whole of Bohemia to 
the faith of Rome. 

We will not dispute his motives while engaged in 
accomplishing this work. Experience seems to have 
taught him, that all the mischief had arisen from 
disagreement in matters of faith. fis priest-ridden 
mind was probably influenced by such sugeges- 
tions as the following :—In the fifteenth century, 
atthe time of John Hus all the disturbance, hatred, 


VOL B 


: an 
ATMAHOG 1 HOITAUEROTEAITHA 
1 77 AnO 


2 


St ey POT LURES ety “A te WON Ae KGaA 

SUIIAMG TEN — WEEE TATOHY ¥6 Women IRE 

WY SOEMITHS TTA) exMaterTORG aur xo 
EMU 53 al 10 UVSL¥s—r eur 


ogy teatuihtess s+" ont sghitee anita sey’ 
Menatire ting Yoel) ein, is Lait ; 
“a0 why liccr gt Sut aircon hl 


hrupi 


2 PREPARATION FOR 


bloodshed and ruin, together with the overthrow of 
the flourishing state of the University of Prague, 
arose from heretical doctrine ; at present, a deviation 
from the Papal arrangements has brought about the 
mischiefs of the illegal election of a new King, the 
bloodshed upon the White-Hill, all the horrors of 
war, and those scenes of death which took place 
on the day of execution. Bohemia has lost many of 
her brave inhabitants, and the mutual love of king 
and subject is entirely broken. Nothing will cer- 
tainly produce an improvement until the Papal faith 
shall be universal, obedience to the ancient church 
restored, and all heresy and innovation entirely 
eradicated. This misery having been produced by 
the unhappy disagreement in faith, the only remedy 
for restoring order, peace, and happiness, is uni- 
formity. As sovereign, he must declare his unquali- 
fied will, and determined resolution, that no subject 
shall remain in the country who does not agree 
with him in faith. All toleration must cease, and 
every thing Protestant be extirpated; Bohemia 
may indeed thereby receive many a wound, and 
have many an unwelcome result to endure for the 
present; but it requires to be acted upon with de- 
cision, and the benefit of severe measures for future 
generations must be kept in view. Did it happen 
that at times Ferdinand’s feelings revolted at cruelty, 
or that he found it ditheult to withstand, and close 
his sympathies against atiecting entreaties and inter- 
cessions, then the vow of his youth, and the per- 
suasions of his contessor, steeled his heart. Of such 
inward struggles of his mind the author lately had a 
lively illustration, when he had in his hand the 
image of the crucified, before which that Prince had 


os {=e ws = 


HOF MOPrAtATeT 4 - “? 

Yo oromilieee nila dtternal mone ioe nk frileboote 

Au Yo “‘ysieeyeln WD gulp be volt att 
Pla stamens i 4 agri iil 


ebuint geod) Nid ue nerymah 4g . 
=f ei * gre) bite soy cola oaneR 
Alien ah arent java ogee of,” 
PAD hae eee tuahe yeni fiilioery bvietieegs 


AN ANTI-REFORMATION. 3 


been in the habit of performing his daily devotions.* 
What also strengthened him in his desire to extermi - 
nate the Protestants was, doubtless, the false impres- 
sion he had of their ways and desires,—which many 
inhabitants of Popish countries retain to this day. 

{t is well known that the Emperor Charles V. was 
surprised to see at Wittemberg a large crucifix over 
the altar: he did not expect that it would be vene- 
rated there; but he became thoughtful, and said to 
one of his attendants, ‘‘ Lutheranism has been quite 
ditferently represented from what I now find it to be.” 
In those days of division, when a Romish priest held 
out a crucifix to be worshipped, and kissed by Chris- 
tians, especially those of the Reformed contession. 
and they refused it on account of their very great 
aversion to all kind of images in religion, it was 
invariably considered as a token of their refusal to 
worship Christ himself. Such musrepresentations 
were often the cause of unjust persecutions, and 
needless animosities during the Anti-reformation. 
If sometimes remonstrances and intercessions were 
presented to Ferdinand in favour of Protestants, the 
Jesuits, whose influence over him was unbounded, 
never failed to rekindle his hatred. Fulfilling the 
prophetical announcement of the apostle Paul, 
2 Thessalonians ii. 1—12, under strong delusion 
that they should believe a lie, they believed that it 
was an act of kindness to retrieve those who had 
been misled, were it even by constraint of spirit ; 
and they hoped that supernatural power (in agree- 


* This picture is now in the collection of the United Bre- 
thren, at Herrohut. It was presented by the Empress Maria 
Theresa, with remarks in her own handwriting, to the Baron von 
Watteville, from whom his brother, at Herrnhut, inherited it. 


pie 


t TSW AOTAP-ETAA WE 

* aumisowsl eiiateirl grimace, or a nud 

Serpe od exteuis airt ad cil yanndrgoste nly todd 

eer velat aly sedi ved aw evtorestor lott cane 
‘ syuoty dnidw—.eodient lee ere sivelt Yo hu iste 


rnb aid ot cimtor esiteavos diigo to 

ten ert sore ol? taut coves iow ai 11 
sero vith spe) w putt 20 pee ot bostigaie 
eneenl Teen do atul) tempers aed lb od. : rath wl? 
«2 bine bee littedguodt onteped of syd jereils bates 
vainp weg eer! oviaurrsdind * wtrabastie el Yo on 
“ad of 2 tint uc | sutlve omotbatsoemnqen yaoi 
hind testy dainorl o asia gectertib Jowzab asalt ol 
ail wd irewid han Loqqtterow sd oh. ettiguey «tuo 
oiraaiiston Romania sls te mad: yHainoges .astait 
ery ‘Gee ee Jo anvodon see St Leaner yarlt ne 
oie vt ynarpiler a evgomd Io beid lin of sovrres 
at lanitar Abul’ do re aad fombieneo. yielrrurea! 
neler: we  Aeeokd wuld gideow 


hon saeilinewreg gucpon Ya, on 
sequent sib eit wank natenie wi 
wy Apste se is bit a gt Oe ec 


2 a = a o> ae 
med 7 


inp Yo daertines sh mry dt a bein son 
“rien ni) ‘Twi aie — baw 


Pat hese el ol J 
“aon 
‘tee va ean 1 ae ot ica . 


SS Sa | se eS 
i 
, 


4 PREPARATION FOR 


ment with their own) would by degrees convert 
constraint into conviction, or that it would at all 
events habituate the coming generation to their 
faith. Thus they allowed themselves to do evil that 
good might come; nor did they conceal from one 
another the abominations and horrors of their de- 
vices and preparations ior conversion and persecu- 
tion, but quieted their conscience by the anticipation 
of the spiritual and eternal salvation which should 
flow from it, and even justified themselves with the 
thought that God himself cares for the fruitfulness 
of the land, and the health of its inhabitants by 
storm and thunder. It was even dangerous to shew 
a friendly disposition towards a heretic; for it raise 
a suspicion of hostile intentions against the orthodox 
church. No one dared to be neutral. 

The restoration of the ancient faith, and reintro- 
duction of the Popish ceremonies, which succeeded by 
degrees in Bohemia, during those times of persecu- 
tion, the Romanist party designated by the name 
of Reformation. To tind for the first time this word 
in such a sense naturally seems strange to those who 
are in the habit of taking it in the acceptation it has 
with us; nevertheless, it cannot be denied, that the 
Romanists were justified in using the expression, 
for their reformation was literally a remodelling into 
the previous form. As they do not acknowledge 
the work of the Saxon and Swiss Retormers to have 
been a restoration of the ancient pure Cliristianity, 
but onthe contrary, find great fault with it, they 
do not call it a reformation, but a deformation of 
the church. Thus, for instance, when the chaplain 
of Frederic of the Palatinate removed the altars and 
Popish relics trom the cathedral of Prague, they 
say he deformed the church ; and call the restoration 


he nis Neill, ate om ne nai 


i ts er nab bei as Amn 


— 
Aw WOM A AAUIES 2 b 


bone suresh yd Tenw (rwe alia We 
Nas age Dror aa itt deeitahvitne: ah wind ink 
Loto qodtapip dean” Sit sheild eaters: 
tah ilve Ob eerhtyodt movable val al pine 
iy ten) ten val dil ens emo Mint hiode: 
rin |omben(ts ‘eazy ial bile sobnannaed) 9e 
a oerrtny isy: th Tolan OP SORaND ny ita wel 
Hibmliditie seg poitorton ie Hianetps tel ital 
LaLGitw dati im yylem Tamron tine Fmnnitrigee ode Fe 
tb Vilar ceed hedirien; save Lope, oi eel alk 
aeuiilhell sit tel avin: (cl hokd ale whys 
of! cniuaylmebth eal ie Chine! wale dee loreal evi te 
Hote on eeerigeal ney) aie 47 - stwhetady bee aeviote 
habia won sofa! & leur Weisbasnils yliaraiit 6 
nohoiihw alt renlinyy, snottiny ipl olijeed) o-neiotques m 
dimen od of jvmwrow — doreds 
<indiet itor Wil A titulsay dal iibproteas <ul T 
1 todeescuaaltiiye a4 iru etek wecbai 
coy Yo pnt atudtevitul atyededl nb eogrgeh 
raanen sieht eel betaparasti ibe teen tat iran ity oi 
bio silt ote eR ory ot heel OT aeeiowendyA ‘lo 


od) Suon? Cd-aiie Slits y rennames 4 ow os 


anil ti ronniaony sdf ai ti eke) Fondidind cult ini one 
wil) nil qhatesly ed dommes 9) xedleetereem ; eu tiv 
ro laytp as add patlas sl heoiit vf vem eteinsenod 
atiit en Babou es -vilpwd ll eat tis? wit 
egal wondhiyn saartely Yiasii | anatvany: stl 
ved Ot ant oll Gwe bee corned to ae adit 
Canta) sty deere ol) lo cote 6 adod 
ee athe tia) vie bell . curdaee ‘cepa 
ie Wem Olah f dinitwardlas » ab 
sstiricquel — nities yer’ 
himwintle lt Hoven otexaalel ott Yaveteshensy 


tal? jowrgert'| ‘Wa daethothtow iit - ar 


tortierubant wilt Huber. ; dornite ovis 


Hine audT sao 


AN ANTI-REFORMATION. oS 


to its former condition a Reformation. In like 
manner, the oppression of the Protestants in France 
was called “a work of reformation.” But the Protes- 
tants, on their part, said that a house of God becomes 
deformed by objects of superstition; and called the 
new papisticising a deformation. Both parties have 
a right to use the word reformation according to 
their different views. In the present work, we call 
what the Romanists did in Bohemia, in the 17th 
century, against the Reformation in the times of 
Luther, Calvin, and [luss, an anti-reformation. 
They expected, indeed, to find more facility in 
restoring Popery, and destroying Protestantism, for 
they did not imagine that the Protestants,—the 
Bohemian Brethren, Hussitish Utraquists, Lu- 
therans, and Calvinists,—would rather leave their 
country than become unfaithful to their well estab- 
lished convictions, It is true that many of them 
had not that stability ; and in various places the 
work of Romanizing met with little diticulty ; that 
is to say, where Protestantism had not taken firm 
root, where there was not courage enough to sacri- 
fice temporal advantages, and especially where 
there were eloquent and clever converters. Those 
were the most steadfast (which Romanists call most 
obstinate) families, in the midst of whom the Bible- 
knowledge of Huss, and the Scriptural celebration 
of the Holy Supper (utraquism) had always been 
cherished. It must also be remembered, that 
many became Romanists of necessity, apd in appear- 
ance only ; nevertheless, the Papal church rejoiced 
inthe prospect of familiarizing their children, and 
children’s children, to her superstitious practices. 
They commenced the so-called conversion by severe 
measures. The Emperor himself had no wish that 


ace aa Filhaherncied haieve silt sien, pian - 
pg toot dpa) = ewaly apeseRih hati 
on Hi uarnlet)) ga pity ieisamodl any sinky 
Wis Sand Lill i upyanqwteghl ney cea) 
AML POOLE Hine seal) in belo) , * 3 

» trio rot 1.00 Wi leew | 
ih ME eater", ssthyortiantidun wrap sniradeen 
ollie nat ait seta oR ppati: don, With unl 
“yh “deg! diseased abinnnilutl 
Word, wg) sziliggs Ven e——snaanitte) hoa Aug 
thera’ Lem che! at dali eciy steht. egal y xiuOR 
one Pe wate pe beret savdgitatae — 
aay 4 SH oi bie glad, dedpaan bun 
sail Roo Hee Litwin ial nem tw drow 
arial Shdee 200- hay, out\romesior) evade eee 07 0 
Le 0” Ygenes somaay otsd ude sum 
cel, hala has geamgidingre Laxoqenss sit 
aA tiepxiye cnn aatevatnineuen oral! 
nti ao oul yy silt gow 
NUD 0s sans ae Wo cabins aed ech gelling (otonidedo 


(a couse 
dwelt thet on Devt Moernid 


6 PREPARATION FOR 


it should terminate in Bohemia as it had done in 
Spain, France, the Netherlands, in Austria (1527); 
or in Bavaria. Before however they mtroduced sys- 
tematical severity, and cruel treatment, they acted le- 
niently and with friendly representations. The Jesuits 
always sought, in their work of conversion, to recom- 
mend themselves first by complaisant courteousness 
Experience had taught them that killing only had 
led to martyrdom. Wherefore, they chose milder 
measures, aS separation of husband and wite, chil- 


dren and parents, disfranchisement, deprivation of 
» Ge} 


the necessaries of life; they prohibited bread to be 


sold to Protestants, refused to admit them to corpo-, 


rations and offices, denied them burial, &e. 

Holyk relates: “ At times great numbers of 
monks came to the country, who were sent by their 
superiors to convert and confirm the people, whom 
they did not immediately condemn, but used 
flatteries and caresses, certifying and confirming the 
truth of their belief by many oaths; promising also 
constant peace, good success and rich blessings 
from God in their occupations. They gave them 
besides, sure hopes of the benevolence of the Em- 
peror and their superiors, and also of the reduction 
of their expenses and burdens. The monks them- 
selves, though otherwise not very liberal, promised 
to assist them with money and corn in those difficult 
and expensive times, if they would but embrace 
their religion. By that cunning craftiness many were 
deceived.” The 48th chapter of the Book of Persecu- 
tions, shews likewise what they expected to accom- 
-plish by fair words. ‘ Pious hearts were pained, 
unstable ones fainted, while the converters, as their 
speaking and acting proved, promised to themselves 
certain success, but to us complete and inevitable 


‘i 


nat 
S08 \OPAR ESR y a 8 


a 


fi uaneihs. linegh 14 >4R Breen cs a ona ) 2 or 
, SSE) cro pi ebaeleaiee onls «sonnet J 
save a word ieraind aneaay eee a 1 


“ah bowie yeubr heir) Tye phi eit lesitanwey 


ssa dal Y saroetiotii meaner (eenitiaiity bee gltantin 
Hyer OD, Lake HO to ow vio! at tener erewia 
Sosy, Wie elects ptevit eovloenrasls berwar 
hel ving wails itt need) Wignat ysl wpe dl 
Tabi edad stot = weobtyioum oe bol 
“iil Gnbien Lobe to vedieneae cet auremegn 
to “oltey iqah Sirpaoditbortheil navn ba eth 
att ij himrabhotetiiivy wali : 2) lo eobtmeunng aly 
<qToo OF nteriPyliiiia OY eestor 2treieist oF flee 
um parler be'eal eantto- haw ebohge 
ly) Pruning diag eoit 1A -taler aylolg 
Tisily vile Wer ONY ppianines odt-ob drew ooo 
piv lyase ail pew hie }oygon OF eraieogme 
bee tut! ye hioy (poontbemnyi  d68 bil yoely 
A evictions Naw wand 2-19 dee ete 
cel < wtanimnerig s aabtog. perbete yi vit oat Sal beara 
Sby))z7vl\| tipi Tih -Netemune lerevts boamy tewtentes 
few vag ve panna 1 a) bo aod 
“met wilt Ta goonloynn td (oli i soqort oyuee gs hiesd 
fitiovlod tele oale lite doicmqae visds baw worse 
<ynnnet 2ducum alT halted biva avenge ttt? to 
limel wicrtey: Lactontel 91S¥ Jon i vsilto owed? aavles 
Tosi sant no ori bid youn dtiw weds tekaek of 
ewietlan witb bt ans ‘fount nv ientonpien hewn 
ani Cet amin Tlws og Minami tot vl .aebgtheytioly 
orovevw'l Vv despel wl hevsngeds ith ol T "haw hana hy 
wie 9 Hi ppuped by salvodtil avegile 
Deane Siow aruesl * “abyow vid yes 


nit 20 evartreniy wll aw cdots gate ok i 


earipenaly 02 beeline AemiiNM qari 
sdivent bus sli ear tad soon lates 


io 
. <i al. 
ee ee 


—- 


mp rr ror 


AN ANTI~REFORMATION. 7 


destruction. Those who were observed to be more 
firm, and decided upon emigration, were ridiculed 
as fools. ‘How,’ they would say, ‘can you pro- 
mise yourselves security anywhere /—that can only 
be obtained where there is submission to the Pope 
and the Emperor. Where will you go, ye fools ? 
How do you mean to escape the reach of the Em- 
peror? What you now see here vou shall soon see 
in all other parts. Within a few vears the whole 
world will return to the Catholic faith, Why will 
you rather await that abroad, with trembling, and 
loss of your property, than submit yourselves at 
home? One’s native soil is very sweet. You will 
not be able to endure the longing to see it again ; 
you will die of grief, or return with shame. And 
then it will be very uncertain whether the Em- 
peror’s door of mercy will be open for you as it is 
now?’ They declared also, in the name of the 
Emperor, both publicly from the pulpits, and in 
conversations at home, that if there were anything 
erroneous or dangerous in the Popish faith, they 
would take it entirely upon themselves, being willing 
to answer it before God, and so secure them against 
all danger and tear. By these and the like expres- 
sions, at one time by flattering, and at another by 
threatening words, they made the thoughtless to 
waver,* especially when the Protestant clergy had 
been banished, and their good books were takenaway.” 
It is besides remarked, that thus were the first 


* About that time many of Upper Lusatia, who were closely 
connected with the court became Romauists, without constraint, 
mercly by the persuasions of Prince Liclitenstein, as Syudic 
Justus Gebhardt, at Zittau, in 1625, and Syudic Glich Milziz, at 
Gorlitz, in 1622. In consequence of this they became court-coun- 
sellors, See Otto’s Dictionary of Upper Lusatian Literature. 


Palle aves ety maki 


—— ie oN" he viewer. ele wpa oo an ah well 


2 (oe Liaw awl ‘seomapull then 


Mie toca’ Hule ire 10 ame wom wo * sonny 
ohn edt exage ead on allel eruy toto Te ai 

Mie i iit ailovknn®) aali-ot eats Ue biwew 

dep caviliesn uc aade walt diswesedian nov 

Aa envlsemie? sivnlis smsly *TqonT wo ‘lo mel 

Liar OF tena evo ot bine wvitme aay) 9 ameeal 7 
atkins Shee uh griyonl ould onebees onahdo od pe 

bith rile deer oct we Jstrg Ye ol fw wow 

wm aiheie cietomae gee sd Tibw st ook 


ai ten May tlh Mego od Lie | 
ON Ao gem sit i ola Lae "E woul fe 
tai vetting, wht moth qvildiog dtodd... 

pe la wieily Wi tocle oenad pm aiaa 


rail alata Bsbyo wile ai. neh, ye soenowN 
view tated setveiaemenal 1 Pa etl di gated blow 
Seing ss Os lua bod) sited ti re renu “ 


‘eo by thao 
@inli, sacs jn pirery zi a 


8 PREPARATION FOR 


fruits of apostasy gained hefore they had anything 
to suffer; but that, toward the steadfast, the flatter- 
ing voice was changed into fury, and they were 
tormented with threatenings, banishments, beating, 
fines, imprisonments, torture and death. 

The more the Emperor desired that all should be 
done in kindness, without constraint or otherwise, 
the more careful were the converters that the people 
going over to Romanism, should expressly say in 
their confession, or testify by writing, that it was 
not done by compulsion, but by their own free-will. 
It was not until kindness proved to be of no effect, 
and the conversion in many parts made slow pro- 
gress, Protestants remaining everywhere steadfast 
in their faith, that more decidedly severe and harsh 
measures began to be adopted: viz. in 1624 and 1627, 
when Protestantism gradually sunk under violence. 

The measures adopted were carried out with 
systematical severity,” especially in places where the 
officers in authority, the superior clergy, and the 
military, were resolute and unfeeling men. In the 


above mentioned years, the complete abolition of 


all toleration, and the necessity of reducing every 
thing to the form of Romanism, was effected with 
stern determination. 


* By greater severity Ferdinand II. succeeded in what Fer- 
dinand I. and Rudolph had failed. Of them it could be said, as in 
1685 the Bishop of Valencia said at Versailles, to the King who 
massacred the Huguenots : ** With what pleasure will they (the 
previous Kings) see that this pretended religion, which under 
their reign used to be called a sensible religion, to which even 
moat of the great at court clung fast, is now entirely despised 
destroyed and reduced to a miserable condition, so that it may 
easily be concluded, that the same will in future be despised by 
every sensible man.” Thus a blinded clergy flattered their king. 


cea a A lc ml 


ate 


\ 


aus 2A ee 


seblegne bod porte whet foateg -yamnenyn te allude 
ise tilt peliblievts ole lyegteos a find eta ad 


qeur _bgta ort niet begvemiie aay ony yal 


monic ‘sahinpteseiunsel veyenantawult ie betmourred 


Atel jon etrnet esemanmonitgnet soul 
sal hiLwoute Wises buiiiel) tort ad? ome at TE 
pee 6 thle: medion eoubedl at euab 
moog atl) ftile erienreans -<ht wow Iethyuss sven att 


a 433 Seonpee Iduety cminamtaH 6 VO pHieg 


shy i) soult uci vel Ve? qo oiaeitow sods 
dity-o9l wonecthe) ve ted xordingiee-yd saab tod 
Jase on wear vy Lever coobola lite Jom enw Fé 
“ny wok olin ere yore oi quienes ofp bas 
Piha) wales arto ettmtes TD assy 
Ment tine wereds vibodival crore anglt plated abode ar 
Yb) baw +54) at atv deacaiia vu) od seergucl aterm 
Jonwlare aig deve yllice bury soelazeoos lL aedw 
iy ayo Deiwiie cue bngqobs temas dT 
pil wuil #-egruilys ath ibatznnyes * ubvevps fenktoomteye 
wt, baw versio whiseque olt spinon wi wingitio 
dit) rate ieibatay tan vidoe emmy petition 
To dtvlilineds: 3 re atk! gto (omeiteany veode 
Vine) quitwber To yiieewor colt ew ginainerlot ts 
tie hypiedits ar abet e | Ye oftve adtor qeiel 


: ee 
ote snAcad? a hallinta? ga lene alow in? alo 


Gib ral Mie hcceutey yatlon PAW Se al ene 


win sloteiw woigiion Beh aa elas sacl) ove Tha 
tis Gudw o ney: ie i os! ot 


hoengdal ¥! uit sor, 
Com fi ei ia pie + 
MAL Hewtiqaats aw pies « 
AS tet rest coed 


10 Jodo eo Meahagysee TT thsstibn't Tih 
Has dine ib ducor tt aayile WO. palin! tet Aytobodl hoe 


OP RD ener Re 


AN ANTI-REFORMATION. 9 


In order to accomplish as soon as possible, the 
desired end of converting the whole of Bohemia, 
Moravia, and Silesia, it was thought of the first 
importance to stop up the sources of the evil; viz. 
to deprive the Protestants of their churches, to 
depose their clergy and drive them out of the 
country, and to destroy all the religious books. 
especially the Bibles. But as there were so many 
who, notwithstanding, obstinately refused to apos- 
tatize, and the punishment of death was not openly 
permitted, they were finally forced to banish all 
those from the country who wouid not yield, with- 
vutany regard to the loss thereby occasioned to Bo- 
hemia. 

The formal persecution of the Protestants did 
not begin immediately after the conquest by Ferdi- 
nand; a year passed in uncertainty, expectation, 
and fear. On the Easter of 1622 the communion, 
sub ulraque, was yet allowed to be administered in 
the Tein-church, and in St. Henry’s, which was 
attended by crowds. But when the Papal nuncio 
interdicted it, very few came. There was a general 
oppressive sullenness, as it were, which in nature 
usually precedes a heavy storm.- How, and against 
whom the storm first broke out, we are told in the. 
Book of Persecutions :—‘ The fury of our oppo- 
nents,” say the eve-witnesses, “ began to rage against 
the Anabaptists in Moravia, a year after their con- 
quest. These possessed about forty-five places of 
worship, in each of which there dwelt several fami- 
lies. They lived peaceable and quiet, according to 
their peculiar constitution, in community of goods ; 
were no burden to any, but rather useful, on 
account of their industry and readiness to serve 


er te ee athe Si ee nen eee 


io 
Site ano mods wind bee oyztoly algal seeps! 
bae 


ad, doeigller ods fin veut af rp thenys 
heat amerow wrult 4a tell wold) sult glaives 
ele Ct Priester ybatanisethe swerilututaliiwaier wate 
thane. teu ele shah Yo Jeon eiorg-ail Lane yrnlges 
fin shetarwh oF Lecnw teal even geil Latthwren; 
oleh dale e tom bluws od yutinues aot enmdt seus 
ull OF Mewinac ydeunets esd ait nd tenes gins s10 


tagal 
til ateenttonion'd oud) bey. medjmgernsg hanes sift 
ilieet Yd wan pave «ele: sathy i mhyel sou 
INO ckerreunD sb. wey «© phon 


10 PREPARATION FOR 


others. These were first banished from the country, 
about the autumn of 1622, upon an accusation that 
they had shewn hospitality towards Frederic during 
his journey through Morayia. This the Romanists 
did by way of experiment; if it succeeded, they 
intended to proceed with more confidence. These 
unhappy people were accordingly obliged to quit 
their houses, lands, and vineyards, (immediately 
before the vintage), and emigrated to Transylvania 
in great companies, with their aged and children, 
upon some hundreds of waggons. As they obtained 
good places, they could count themselves happy, 
having escaped many sutlerings which afterwards 
broke out upon us. 

“After they had been expelled, it is said, that 
special consultations were held for the means of 
getting rid of the so-called Picards* and Calvinists. 
But that did not appear quite so easy. For first, both 
those parties had many of the great nobility among 
them, against whom not eyen the appearance of 
unfaithfulness against the Emperor could be shewn. 
There could, therefore, be found no pretence for 
punishing all alike; nor could their banishment be 
so easily effected as in the case of the Anabaptists, 
who were without human protectors. Secondly, 
the Calvinists could not so easily be distinguished 
from the Lutherans, as the Anabaptists trom the 
Evangelicals. And finally, it was deemed impolitic 
to excite the indignation of the Reformed princes 
and kings. It was therefore concluded not to begin 
with their expulsion at present, but to attack 
them by turns, according as opportunity should 
present itself. The result proved that they had re- 


* Bohemian Brethren. 


i he il a a dat le 


ee ee 


Sia or teeth alguelbyrrne sie jens ries 
Vinita <bwrsoly doe wheel wget 


asain lil Vane “eb ballaaee: dle Yo fie peieng 


escarensenne ont cond foweleiatant geruth a! ow 4 
Vuil) imotieagionn rhe deayy 2k et | 
yoru omaha) ances, et yymath 
slant ale ditt .viveneld, gegen 
voit halon nf Ui jae 
seit ostarsiltirtes wes sbtiMe 


nisterel yang t ot, kaneegiors hum plommasly alt erated 
stihl Insc few criss sit calayrep dewey at 
bap valliak == neuen ty dhethawd arene ogy 
a haunt aoviduntoly rue bbe pid ernnly Hien 
aitgreudte soil eperistive sgmeey house ne | 
a nor tue odietd 
adits Aides et tigliothoe ae evel, aan qauda 49d * 
1) axiew Gt od fied oem oppiealioesoy Lolo 


‘iw! eo 208 een ve satin Tag vir bid Jacke ard 
Eyversi tsi den nag ol oO vet f Tel calla owns 
\y soateaqit al? ages som AXGity ney Pc 
degre gel iho ovquegien lL orty eat | eee 
ait weleny oo lve wl woot gblre 
vil tonal tarhl vigdh whic tom panlliay Pla gan 
rirqudand. silt fo see lt nk 2g batpslie y 
Viana .stagoatong, inpnertaryl ) e _ 
\wnursle’) 
i ls 


toanivgnitell od “ylion yo sociales | 
ails le /, atl ate amnmtod J a ave 
sittioyat buaayih av vile bah. inglugmare 
ompetlon Tramnrelisdl melt ly: aalteatey 


pe! af he Tal iia tained: snaes, 
tower Ob fath aieeuny Sm, ueshng 

Lilyenks vite ong 
eat bail qouilkd rey 


ate 


AN ANTI-REFORMATION. 1a) 


solved to torment the Evangelicals, to induce them 
to apostatize from despair, and thus be able the 
easier to drive from the country those who remained 
faithful. This was agreed upon in the conclave at 
Rome, at the instigation of the cratty Paul 
Michna.” 

This chief instrument in the Anti-reformation, 
whose name we have already found as secretary of 
state, in the signatures to the charter, was a native of 
Budin. He was the son of a butcher, and educated 
by the Jesuits, through whose influence he obtained 
a place with the King’s secretary. The house of 
Austria, which he had served faithfully, raised him to 
the knighthood. He soon afterwards became one of 
the richest barons, and was finally created a count. 
When the Romish counsellors deliberated upon the 
measures to be adopted after their victory, «nd 
whether the Protestants were now to be driven out 
of the country, and with which party they were to 
make the beginning, he is said to have replied :— 
“No, not yet; for at present they have much to 
take with them ; too much money would be carried 
out of the country, and the exile would too easily 
be borne. They must first be teeced, and made 
quite poor ; then all will be managed much easier.” 
And his advice was followed. 

It has already been stated that the most essential 
measures for the oppression of the Evangelicals were 
Judged to be the shulting up of their churches ; the 


removal of their teachers; and the destruction of 


their books. These three preliminary steps it is 
necessary to detail. After the abolition of the 
consistory, the oppressors of the Evangelical religion 
chiefly turned their attention to the destruction of 


Paeaperrarrer ever vh avy 


Nide ed abe clben ha 


ns) Sadie has A iahbe atthe biscbe A 6 


a ae tae liane ’ v7 


salt alle st edt bus yrigipenb sattt op Weteoy 
Leseetuns= cute sieht yammenicn tale cineelmteleb an totems 
do S¥aigneh atl) fi dog beers exer eit T ] ar, 


fund vite wil Yo aolwyine) edt dn ofl 

ae | “anavdlpiiNe 

 aotetiniutia-aA etl? nt acsmactenl Yolo Jt 

oo és brnirdt leery ow sean sandy 

Sve » a yrotuuls ot oF eouinensia all oF state 
bouigwlio- hun. oiosied a te aoe silt sew ol asthe 
‘bowioade od ssaerhtai seo dywonlt xilmeat oth vil 
Wy gata old vont w'yaidl mb dat aewly a 
Gn mdi duwiver -yiiAadtia boornae badd od stoidor .pivteu A 
10 28 uptown! Svurwieltn aoos SH Boadldbyind outs 
Sed borer Lent ener hea aterted teouboin wilt 
‘SH mone enedijoh «roller ” HaiaroA ait mol WV 
fe, itnaae inde tite botyeby od of esstmnis 
(HO HONE) 80 Od Won Sew etemtetord ot rodtodw 
id awe “inl vita itadeley tin baw yunnics oilt Yo 
—: heliyat, ave ol bie SF od potimiyed out sduce 
OF Honur ave vail) timing Sa ad ; toy fon 0%” 


bateaid gi filet yopreot Mom oom j exdly sive odes 
(lungs. Palhes ole 4 oud Wo Avo 
olism bag 


Lichen delve 
‘ib nouvel Sid 


12 SEIZURE OF THE 


the public worship of the Protestants. As soon as 
Ferdinand became master of Bohemia, they hastened 
to deprive the Protestants of their churches in 
Prague; to shut them up for a time, and to seai 
the doors, or even to destroy them at once in their 
fury ; and those which they spared they consecrated 
anew, and gave over to the Romish clergy. This 
was also the course adopted with the new churches 
which had been built by the Protestants: among 
others the splendid Salvator church in the old 
town of Prague, which, with the adjoining school, 
was given to the Pauline monks, (also called Minimi 
and friars-minor) who during the superiority of the 
Evangelicals had been greatly reduced. 

Interesting accounts are preserved in the Book of 
Persecutions on the treatment of churches,* pulpits, 
statues, and tombs of the dead. Not satisfied with 
the consecration of the churches by the word of 
God and prayer, they sprinkled them with holy 
water; and what must have appeared ridiculous to 
the people, and a true mark of hatred to every 
thinking man, was their lashing and whipping the 
pulpits where the Evangelicals had preached, and 
the altars where the Lord’s supper had been ad- 
ministered under both species, according to the 
institution of Christ. They were even not ashamed 
to commit such folly in the most important cities, 
as Prague, Iglau, and Znaym. When the Jesuits 
were about to consecrate their church in Prague, 
which the United Brethren had occupied during the 


* The like indignation we perceive in our own day. When in 
1843 the Evangelicals were erecting a new church in Prague, 
the ultra-Catholics opposed them most furiously, and would 
not suffer it to be called “* Eglise de la Rcdemptica.”’ 


‘ 
a 
j 


Niet erat 


ender tenet] Wistar 


eee MS btn cet Ako la UI as ele ne eae suk ie lll 


{ 
2 
x 


Tr a i 


onal ais ee 


Hie embers odt Ww anton) nal gy biqaly -or 
jeot-ey Dae alt WTOP cw useile vile de 5 
shalt out) to Galli voreah oF mere wilt 
j ee Ts bevemipe youl) dott w macy lan ; yaa 
a Seeiifo Telnet wht ot wg evoy bow ven 
wltinis Woe oFt aii baigotn servers cll Gale gem 
gente betpuresion’l nelh oil end! eosd let doldw 
bin ate ft Aoailes wowveln® Cithvealye aiff enatio 
lintine gaantia aft tia toipe foet? Yo newer 
hal, Leiler nel edpoar eaten’ wilt ot novip aw 
wilt jor priverrepee ait) quia ode ftdim-entlt baw 
Ae virewty stort deal alaatlygaavll 
le dooll wir wh bevraeng ea etmogew yaivesyadl 
evn lig “eadaetite He tiaueiert cilt-ant eaoituamaa'T 
iim dvetbttts to Duly aul Yo sehured Dons eonstude 
wo biew wilt 2 mule: oft Re @plrasanos odd 


Mal ety ont blaine yo oe 4 bed 
1) ayoorbuenttheie Loeicnareyry sin dene aie hex ; thew 
qa ot levemnl ky” dyowt’ cret’ a tiny algoag ode 
ol? gaint Brocunident indy oe tent geidolde 


hy hovtowoyy ded alositepiiy a: ove ommdw atighog: * 
she wuld 


-be not Baal toes altro ot orally masta wile 
lt qt gaibtoona vestinje hod tuum Goutetnion 
poriaien tom aves yoilT Je goltutinnt 
Salty saattoqad woot och at ylel douetieniny os 
aloed wit veil erga ben nalyl oogett an 
fare sively ddd eterno Ob queda geen 
et petea®s dejan baal emule!) burlaU weds abivte 


we 


wee > 


PROTESTANT CHURCHES. tie 


nme of King Frederic, they first strewed gunpowder 
over the floor, and then set fire to it, in order to 
destroy the poison of heresy by smoke and flame. 
The cups of stone and metal, erected on most of 
the churches, steeples, and city-gates, in memory of 
the utraquistic religion, were every where removed.* 
On the 23rd of January, 1623, the colossal gilded 
chalice was taken down from the top of the Tein- 
church, and the statue of Mary put in its place. 
Instead of the statue of King George, which had 
stood by the side of the chalice as its defender, 
they now erected that of Ferdinand, who had 
drawn the sword against heresy. At Konigineraz 
they destroyed the chalice which had been upon the 
vate of the church of St. Antonius, and instead of 
it they painted the liburium with an overturned 
chalice, from the bottom of which an impure matter 
is represented as flowing, with the inscription of 
Psalm Ixxv. 8. On the wall over the door they 
wrote in gold letters:—‘* My house is a house of 
prayer, but not thine, thou detested Calvin.” In 
Leitmeritz they removed from the church the 
ancient paintings of Huss and Jerome, and again 
vented their fury upon those venerable martyrs. 
“They also carefully considered betorehand 
whether the churches would be fit and profitable for 
them to be retained, either with respect to locality, 
or the kind of building. If any did not suit them 
they either shut it up without delay, and prohibited 
Evangelical worship from being performed in it; or 
they levelled it to the ground, as at Klostergrab. In 
* There is yct a tower at Leitmeritz in the shape of a chalice, 


and in the town hall a beautiful missal with paintings of the 
age of che Hussites. 


‘ abs 


z 


i 


= Mis, 
oF satin Marea = 

vival mt ct ot @sfh dae spud rome Tower 
ae foare alee vil yimmat er Mester att rents 
Wi duita- on nccwe Legg dieu eaute Yo equ. ont 
Ve gunicown oo anapersis bo exlquore aanonants wl; 
"HS cus oreathies C194S 10% fuhyiles rf ueherpiaritin tails 
lobe toenkins odd 85D rimuenh Yo be ght yt) 
aneT od he qat ot ingi mwob aédaranw sailads 
auriy i a aig yralh lo. sures ods how drut 
hall wholly oxroo’) wat Yo- nme elt 1o betel 


vtiherdinl: 2 8. sotlala oda to ohio gilt vd bromine 


fail giv. Ihtcevelives Yo tert imaawes wort yeas 
uingutigiotil ih. jyenod Jeniogs bsowe wild moet 
anh meena este eal roid poilaco arkd evyortente yout 
fo buen bee shock. 24 Vo danale’ ads Yo one 
tinariverrero jn alive cnwsieslif gilt featniony yay 
Petiies wencates oat loi Ie mation vide mid o9ilul» 
fe wtngitose! elt Siw --guiwol 2c botany = 
wottt yeok ott qovu Low ode pO (B enal ovle't 
te tual op emo yh Meme ayptzol biheg at one 
Wh GO tedestol seule waids sor tad pvigany 
uh dytwis ad) mot heveaw godt stromal! 
titipe Det anenes bun eglll be sqalaniog saoive, 
erin sldetrs usod) pogu ‘cud thal Wanss 
Gersiveaoo yifitorsa ale yall « 


ah bon wi of Liwow epilgnuis-ontt wilpod 


Mt sonyeot iw tultio demisron ad ot units 
) se tom Lith yuse Ut geibiind to huig git ow 

Hawn epalob duodtin: gar at ands tosbtin youl 
“a iy ac ‘angen cach hey Atlan 
grail A se en dacvorg ade 99.21 bulloval ads 


; sion wl ek hin aiind Sn We ai weed? 
al Ty  Meaaare Littitinnnd a rd bos 
Li ae j : oes ™ 


: 


14 SEIZURE OF THE 


the Kleinseite of Prague wasa church which had been 
built by the Evangelicals. The Carmelite monks 
purchased many of the houses in the neighbourhood, 
and built a convent there. Butas the church was 
not convenient for them, nor according to their 
liking, they pulled it down, in several parts to the 
very foundation, especially on that side where the 
altar had stood; and built it anew. This was done 
out of insult and blasphemy, that the place where 
the holy supper had before been administered in 
both kinds, and where the chief service had been 
performed might be trodden under foot, as is still 
done daily. ‘ But as there are now considerable 
rents in various parts of the building, (says Holyk,) 
they are sorry that they did not break down all 
the walls, and dig up the whole foundation, for 
as I have heard the monks say, the Lutheran 
heretical buildings can have neither strength nor 
duration. There are besides many churches shut 
up, forsaken and desolate, in which no one can 
nor dare enter; for example, the beautiful new 
church at Welwarn, three miles from Prague, which 
stands there without windows, so that only the 
sparrows have their nests in it. Three miles on 
the other side of Prague, in a desolate place, 
formerly a village, there is also such a splendid 
church, that it pains one’s heart to behold it when 
only seen from without. It has still its beautiful 
bells; yet no one dare enter it, nor are the bells 
ever rung, because the church is defiled ; the bishops 
not having yet reconsecrated it. Wherever there 
was a splendid church, and suitably situated, they 
spared the building, but all the ornaments were 
removed, and the paintings and epitaphs destroyed 


he Aaa Aa Ne a aa 


Senate 


any we Bath cs | Sam 8 Rie Bi - 


wie Lerabhifqicher perms # err auntie 
edit gino 1 qT alusilwonavd iatd cd. thi 
Aooitredityrar sts ne esa alt tonya honadveng 


‘ow ome ot eo atl sodt insvoos a tlted bas 


Tm ooh gies tow sed? vol teioeraoo Jon 
=H ct Many fee ci yrruls tb belie qadds aia 
oilt cate abe Wey em cilainwe soleeboudl yoo 
cal vee AT een i otivd baw ¢ boo Ded tothe 
mh sony wiht tele orneedeyacld baw iuent lo te, 
ti bormielinatin aes! eaeled had woyne plod welt 
read hed rere Webs tls mode blue ebnid dood 
lite 2m Jeti othe aetbex od tly beardteq 
nines God ai ome) a toll’ .7finh oagb 
Geto eva) gailelioed elt io weg agony sl een 
fa dwol dard toe ily sods colt Yrs aos pertt 
1) wnonniindt sieky cult on vib baa allew ot 
netolnid of) et ade oft teed oem! 1 ae 
208) diets eitiae dye oe egethbivd Levitsand 


Avie enti (apm @hiew! om ood! ovtemh 


wink, Lifectinewt ath) eeiijiitace wot Polen wrah vom 


task ay, part mei elie cnt urwwleW ay douds : 


uit élisn mh a avohie tyohiw get abaete 
ire auline serlT> 42 ont eteon viods, opm MOTIRE 
wouly ctlowh # a) java le shite aedto. ane 
Whigs 8 aloue ely, 2 suede opallie @ yhemnk 


fimlve xt Sfotboek of trea! « ono ecing db pads domly . 
tilitheed. a0 Hite. end a] taoclriw axott nese yin. 


tllod oaly S08 tod at tents etd woo oc dey yelled. 
eagortnid nits felfiel eh dangle ots smuacood gprs Taye 
geet = th hetieaewn sz aeved > 
Yolt letawdie yldwine aw alotude bi 

ersw ettoumts ol? fle dont andiied alt bone 
lngonteht alqengs bas egaiuiog silt brw:,bemonmer 


“us 40 oe ele A arabe bee nadeerdt qa - 


\ 


PROTESTANT CHURCHES. 15 


and burnt. When that was done, they fitted up 
the whole church afresh, reconsecrated, baptized, 
and washed it with holy water, anointed the altars 
with holy oil, and deposited in it bones of the saints. 
The monuments on the outside of the church, 
whether painted or otherwise, were also eradi- 
eated and broken; even the doors, knobs, and 
flagstones were altered, and in place of them were 
set up either the image of the Virgin Mary, or of 
-ome other saint, with Spanish crosses. On various 
churches they set up insulting images, and painted 


lampoons against the chalice and its defenders, so - 


that in the whole of Bohemia there hardly re- 
mained a church unabused, with the exception of 
one, that was left because they could not easily 
alter it, though they would gladly have done so. 
That church stands in the middle of the new- 
inarket, or the cattle-market, at Prague, and is 
built in the form of a star; it was formerly called 
\il-Saints, but now, Corpus-Dei. On the west side 
there are three doors; on the east side there are 
marble slabs over the windows; and there are 
olden inscriptions over the doors in the Hungarian, 
atin, and German languages, but over the windows 
in the Bohemian, referring to the edict of the 
Emperor Sigismund ; having this remarkable senti- 
inent,—that it is wholesome that the holy eucharist 
he received in both kinds, and that the Bohemians, 
Moravians, and others of the incorporated states 
who so receive the eucharist, are orthodox Chris- 
tans, and true children of the holy church of 
God. Many of the aged people of Bohemia shed 
tears when they read it, and shew it to the young, 
and also with it upbraid the students, as has been 


As sm ba-ysnn nian ween 


ae stemt? be onl ni bee Somahe era eavieyr!t 
bows gruall aiestY oils to epeart add rodtis qu p< 
aeniriy ot) Anson eet bed dite hint torlte wt 
feuning Hae «sysert paired an pee add enkrurls 
ce pe nmr ast fina watlarls elt seaglone «neq sn! 

Vitnnd: oraci) austell Wo adedw alt ar malt 
-, ee peli chit lesley svete a beaten 
ghiten ape Blieos vortt sagtoged Col ar teat ane 
wt atdhwret vihelg blaow gor dedoilt ele 
«wet oily to clube: <dy oh sheate develo mull 
6 hae egerl so sotumeahee ade to todsiin 
iplane elev! eer tt poate de rh nds ai plied 
abt te elt a oS -amqreD eeu fod etnieFltt 
wb gah eble ders old tm pewool ool iia erall 
wie nedt bee + eyvohoter Aiitomire Ginke oldere 
Motegi dt ai econh ealtaere eacitghpent pb 
evdlniiv shew tod eguetyand mented lone acer] 
sttt te anihe odt oo yeiviviot qaotamiletl walt oi 
-in ear wey aids qaiviad vertemqnnt 
darn 


16 SEIZURE OF THE 


done to me, by asking why those inscriptions haye 
not been eradicated and destroyed if they are 
heretical? I have heard that the Jesuits attempted 
on three different occasions to get down the 
slab which is over the windows. But they failed 
in each attempt; for of those who went up, one 
either broke his neck, or received some deadly 
injury. Over the doors they have made little ledges 
against the rain, so that only very tew of tie letters 
of the last line can be discovered.”’ 

Having spoken of the churches, we may add here 
the manner in which they treated the church- 
yards. It is stated by eye-witnesses, that ‘‘ when 
in 1621, a convent was restored to the monks 
at Horasdowiz, which had been for many years 
in the possession of the Bohemian Brethren, the 
graves of the Evangelical clergy were broken open. 
The bones of Jacob Weliky, a very eminent man, 
who had died in 1600, were taken out, and the 
warden Severin Dudek took an iron rod and beat 
them in pieces with loud maledictions. After- 
wards they were burnt in the convent, with the bones 
of John Popel, John Japhet, and Matthias Chobar, 
who had been buried there in 1599, 1614, and 1616. 
In that church were also deposited the remains 
of the lords of the manor, barons Swihow, whose 
graves were examined by the warden, and who 
took from the bodies the rings, gorgets, and other 
valuables found uponthem. The body ot Theobald 
Swihow, who had been one of the defenders of the 
consistory and the university, he ordered to be taken 
out of the grave and the lead coftin, and to be put in 
a wooden box and thrown into a pit near the convent, 
where it was covered with rubbish. In the year 


~ ua ea 


an? tO Satire ee ee 
' shubidttnanh oeenty wily nai ol. enter onob mis 
Sew duyestesl han interme ged gem. 
et ae Ykuvisered 
te broh fe" a steer soebily sont) go 
47a awelsrw od) wo ai-dolie date 
i) ‘ Nyt wo Yo vel jp eget does. at 
ae erin 1 doo til edoed gadis 
mail tinny aradt youli arceodvauld eartd yeaa 
ely to we tier leo nult oe oneal 
“jewruselh od dive anil, ted adele 
Se WH gatotinio els to sexdowps aernk 
sdyrilis tlt fueeee gull usin «ft annem. ole 
a wouter jacks dea t-ore yA lesthte a 3) aime 


O 
- 


4aaap ail). of demote gai: movi @ 1801 at 
ae cup: el aed bid slow iwotemoll To 

, oh vreailsertl- aula xi: im eabeenamcey wake at 
TERY HRA ir! ew epials loilyoecal odt lo epee 
uate Yer wile! dow to eued aff 

i ‘yma te tudes mew 0) et Dalle tinal seal 
wet fine we ion ae aloe tobe ciws8oebrew 
| eabhiglbealawr tool cine agsialg ath, anal 
wide samenoiads ai tnd saw vost abe 

a ke Suloal, wdal eoqe'l welol, Yo 
hg MUL aes wie) Hortad syenll dae eulw 
© lt betipagah vale oe donno: spd al. 


a oe 


Patina et@tidd ote vill Yo alveh ode To 
Ioeivcnes sway eves 
elt eailos oft pyar door 
_ teadtaoqy buwel esldentay - 


heute ol) bee 
hae wreny en 
dura eeu 


PROTESTANT CHURCHES. ey 


1623, when the church at Czaslau was taken from 
the Evangelicals, they found the following inserip- 
tion upon a grave-stone: “ Here lie the remains of 
Julin Ziska, governor of the country, at the time of 
danger, who died for the cup, in and for the name 
of God, in the year 1424, on Thursday before St. 
Gall’s.” They immediately began to dig up one 
who had rested there nearly 200 years. But. how- 
ever deep they digged they could find nothing but 
dust. Their fury was then directed against the 
stone, upon which his efigy had once been sculp- 
tured, but was now effaced ; they broke it in pieces, 
and threw it out of the church with the dust of the 
grave. Thus they avenged themselves upon the 
dead, who when alive defended the living. In the 
same year they cleared the churches of Prague 
of the heretics buried in them, and removing the 
tnarble tomb-stone of Rokyczan broke it into small 
pieces. But his grave was not found until the 
year 1630, when the body of the Jesuit P. Lucas, 
minister of that church, was to be buried on the 24th 
of September; they then discovered some brick- 
work deep in the ground, within which were a few 
decayed bones, with two cups, the one of brass and 
the other of wax, in good preservation, and a piece 
of damask cloth. Some long reddish hair yet re- 
mained on the skull. 

The following is stated by Holvk :—‘* When they 
found stone statues of some worthy Lutheran 
munisters, or chulices, or anything of the kind, 
either in a church or a churchyard, they first 
mutilated and disfigured them by throwing dirt or 
stones at them, scratching out the eyes, breaking 
the noses, ke. till finally they threw down the whole 

VOR. IK Gc 


® 


* »~ 
7 : SS Ae 
v PELE eT 


formar owl) nit Gone it aque sale Wa Dede onler xpumads 
te esl vated) ye OEE gee oF ish laid Yo 


ee one Sih wt angel ieee eT sla 


owed we rere 108 @lemip sends Testers boil ow 
dbl salideon batt bieos quilt higegity qult yuob vers 


| wit tariepe Betoorh ede exw vill sunk 


aplvas mex saute. dort yg Bia eid HOY ites 
2204 al D Adew! efi 5 lewis Gow ew tad. bores 
oallt Se devi suet citer clovaala sete Sq peal worms bere 
sit nog evtheruls bagea yo avdT sey 
wih wh uteri) ot Lot note evily aodw gob hu 
sren'T to einer’ > ude donasts yout tere aan 
od? yuivaweyt (on conl? of bated esltved oty he 
Heats oo01 1 ailen) veda ty eaatedenat vidi 
ods lime line! to sew avgey oil afl cordy 
mite SR shaweh sett bo yet Si -agdwe COT ay 
GR o4 wo Taleo we 20 een planeta Vo wansin 


18 SEIZURE OF THE 


and broke them into small pieces. They then dug 
out the remains which had been interred beneath, 
and threw them into some pit at a distance from the 
church. Among many other instances, the follow- 
ing happened in Prague in my presence. When 
the monks were about to take possession of tiie 
church of St. Giles, and to enlarge its vaults, so 
as to build the convent in form of a square, they 
had to include an adjoining churchyard wherein 
thousands had been buried. This they overturned 
and destroyed. All the stones, epitaphs, and monu- 
ments, they threw out, and levelled the place, in 
order to make it a skittle ground. They had not 
even patience to wait until it was prepared. There 
they were with their skittles and balls amusing 
themselves. . Nor did I, poor sinner, keep aloof; I 
shared in the sport. When they had thus torn up 
the ground of the churchyard in order to build up 
a new wall, they discovered many graves and cothns, 
in which there were the bones of several thousands, 
as though a large charnel-house had been there. 
All these they threw out in great fury, and put 
them together in one pit. It often happened that 
they would say to one ot the sculls: * Ha! ha! 
this was doubtless a great roguish heretic, and per- 
haps a preacher, (an Evangelical minister) because 
he has so large a head.” The best titles given 
to those remains were: *‘ This is a tolerably old 
man, a Bohemian rogue, a heretic, a rebel,” and 
the like. At another time when in Nikolsburg, 
in Moravia, I walked about with a Capuchin 
monk in the great church called Lauretana (built 
in the form of the church in Italy, called the 
Loretto-house, having around it small chapels, and 


faery eee 


Wedsabies . 
lh a he sh Ghee 


gid mule yelT ‘thea hd. endl hue 
Aiewted terres’ weal Lil suid eminanet tue 
lt eed Ganmtathy pe ta seq ect ote oud wenit 


bay eraupe= 0 lotenal wi bewence sel iad 00 30 
Merete dewey gactybe os abolont of badd 
boprriaco yuls eufl iotint nond Lod elzmauodds 
qurtodt bow wsiqarnys zocor ode A torcerzeh bes _ 
ai eewly al? hellersl bon com eonld ved) aimee. - 
want tenet yoelT  huwery atta # ab doen ot tobe 
’ out feoronpets, eve 21 lites tine od camino mare ; 
, Riese alled Low eblvids tind) thie ow yuk 
i tenet swonis oq l bib wo, seyvdonoadis 
ey ret Ga had veel uf | .omaje ote ot bere 
qt Wigtor eels av Irindsnihe odd to hunerng saa 
doiaop weerere: yoaca bevel ged low wore 
hewn! lene Yo sscod silt sree seule adoiedw mi 
sink coxl bat senad-lwiuds ogaal w dyoold oe 
iy fee cemAauere wi tes oonte yolt gail LA 
. divir hymna Oe ty one mt taleygon samt 
. ta lat~ selleeg -ualt to we Of Yau binew yards 
. “ring Laie taoty wt eeultduel emw aids 


2uddotit wet inode aris rulioam tA adil od 
sikwge) » dit dite iotinw & qulvine ai 


a eee 
tun organi guivadl damod-orttot 


PROTESTANT CHURCHES. 19 


within it a little house containing the image of 
the Virgin Mary); and coming to one of those 
chapels in which were a great number of banners 
and other ornaments, as a sword, a hat with feathers, 
«olden spurs, armour, &c. I asked him who was 
buried there. He told me it was a great general, 
who died in the service of the King of Sweden: ‘I 
understand,’ said the Capuchin, ‘that next week the 
body, with the banners, and all the ornaments, are 
to be removed. But,’ continued he, ‘ becanse the 
chapel has been defiled through the burial in it of 
this heretic, mass cannot be said until it is again 
consecrated by a bishop, who is shortly expected 
from Olmutz for that purpose.” 

In a subsequent page we shall speak of the igno- 
ininious treatment of those who died during the time 
of persecution; notwithstanding it is well known 
that honourable interment was by no means denied to 
the Romanists, when the Evangelical cities were 
compelled to admit them as citizens. 


c 2 


Wek elias case nme de 


Hob abe Mad RON a NS cl 


—— 


a 


er aminmyis whaverroya ~~ 


a 


Ho spent wilt petihanesn sabe MGMT a HE iin 


sett Y gem of suinmo fan’; Crit V ol 
email Yo ridin sorry & Phi rrvhy wal 
vaihiest dlp tl o Lowe @ a etter vile ten 
wey worker ini boden Pak avmntren: deuitege testers 
dathasy turn « enw twee lilas WE frail? Geet 
abt han ® Ww yaid athe bo sober call of bath oily 
why Dever yxone rinks * .ricboriqga®) sel? hina " 
ota ernaemairin nitt The Date ental ole Ati orto! 
sult. retail il bernlures ‘al Natori od or 
Yost st Volant «il+ depeoenlt bop liels stg wal layuats 
triage af i lim Dies il tomten eon itetall eid 


shassequea yliroie ai cthw jqudiid wv ed betetionns 
T sengepranny eal TOR Minette) yieat” 


tenet wilt to diwya ete wn terutpeedtio n ul 

aaivit ahd yorrvin's legibly pa ey Spee solani 
mutud fiewet 0 omilioetedtinito ; acinmermy Yo 
00 tatied sewmar vo amr temcstat whiberiaionl tot 
mow ebhtio lanihepacrS wid tec athens 


s Aaah SAR Seat Raliag in 
oom cp es 
“a - 
www aH 
cq = 
Jp ih od. = 
kn 
| - —— ares 
a Pe 
GM> CORRS oie ta Seltpe: & 
£5 ; 


‘ 5 ; 
2 
: 


CUAL LURe il: 


EXPULSION OF THE EVANGELICAL CLERGY :—THE 
BRETHREN — THE CALVINISTS—THE BOHEMIAN AND 
GERMAN LUTHERANS—CHARLES ZIEROTIN—THE 
POLISH MONKS— PROCEEDINGS IN WALLENSTEIN’S 
DOMAINS —THE SUPERINTENDENT GUNTITER—VIL- 
LAGE OF ULLERSDORF. 


TuE second measure adopted for accomplishing the 
Anti-reformation in Bohemia, was the banishment of 
the Evangelical clergy, the professors and school- 
masters. The authors of the Book of Persecutions, 
who were contemporary and partly eye-witnesses, 
furnish us with many remarkable examples, which 
present a true picture of those melancholy times. 

Before they speak of the regularly organized per- 
secutions of the Protestants, they give some details 
of the wanton cruelties which the imperial soldiers 
perpetrated towards such of the ministers as fell into 
their hands. 

“ The prelude to the intended severity against the 
servants of the word of God, was the cruel treatment 
which the imperial soldiers exercised, even before 
the conquest, against those who fell into their hands. 
Among those unfortunate clergymen, was Wenzel 
Wotiz, at Bistritz, near Hostin in Moravia, whom, 
though he was ill in bed, the Polish soldiers, un- 
mindful of age and sickness, carried away with them 
to Austria, despoiling him of all he had; and finally 
they shot him dead, on the 5th February, 1620. 


i 
; 
i 
H 
| 
{ 


ara 


ert Fina ss reer eT ee noastee 
CRA RIMaNOR wie —erERI AD ay — here 
Sir—erpome aaiNeKo-—KnAmaT wARae 
A tOKiINOT — ERO Wine 
AsO PesUTMLNEN ie Se eee 
snaaeRsdy $0 abs : 
wth puideitymewse 10 burjole vuenonn hea aT 
Seovinneaythelavia! ity ween nivel ll 1 anlsonrwiin-a dh 7 
<fonihor fein enterclerny elt egprily. AM nal? 
Sidon ty dnedl ott bo vinta (istoons 
deennin-wie wiMen lon eretoqape ope one 
“Wehbe veka pate oldie yon debe en dedi 
evenly ehonlaried rem ee ae ; 
ang dosing yFralive ots ty dew gal only 
allure uitroe svi yaglt arreuetansor'l wilt Yo aitoitneaes 
stulfilox tiiveaepeet wilt olde evicloees aopaeew only Yo 
whit [teh ag evetelniony ola Vr done + Lessord Tagamet 


* lve tials 
eres tess i oT 
oF Loney or) agw aot ts cone eines 
cowtinl nae cialsnons exible linge site doidw 
fat eutw geouls 


Jeninon Amoupnos silt 
SaDQten adver cy wcll rom” 
tamale If ai witkolt ew oheeiiee ail 
woe eeu alate" walt chal a) Hi eu i 

ila gaveen hesbvben ditaraliie tis — 


ollt- 


TREATMENT OF THE CLERGY. 21 
The day following they killed Paul Capito, curate of 
Napayedlo, in a very cruel manner, after inflicting 
numerous wounds upon him. When Prague was 
taken, the clergy experienced the fury of the enemy, 
first in that district, and then in parts beyond it; 
for the soldiers having obtained leave to plunder, 
believed they had unlimited license against the 
heretical preachers. This will be shewn by many 
examples. Paul Moller, curate of Zrutschen, was 
in the pulpit when the imperial army entered ; and 
heing struck by a musket-ball dropped down dead 
in the church. Pastor Martin Maresch, in the village 
Kraxsin had been put in a place of security, 
against the roving imperialists, by his patron Smilo, 
lord of Lakawetz. As soon as they had broken 
in they seized the schoolmaster, Frederic Dam- 
borsky, bound him with ropes, commanding him to 
tell where the pastor was, and where he had deposited 
his money. He assured them that he knew neither 
the one thing nor the other; but they were only 
the more violent, striking him with their fists, 
and then beating him with clubs. They finally 
iincovered and cruelly cauterized hisside. The ex- 
cructating pain of that torture induced him to 
promise that he would shew them the treasure; and 
he took them to a pit covered with stones. They 
~oon cleared and explored the pit; but as they 
found no treasure, they again fell furiously upon 
the unhappy man, who could only acknowledge 
that he never knew anything of a treasure, but 
that he was compelled to speak of it from the 
excessive pains they had inflicted. Upon this they 
shot him dead, and assigned that same pit as his 
vrave. On the third day those murderous men 
succeeded in seizing the pastor himself in the village 


fe OMS RNY 8 Honora | 
BUBeiiad tie soi drs vrew herr as 

aw sirwT mod W mid-nogt ebmow tursarun 

| tthe ad te ret alt heoirstages exety ails radia 
ii logo! enn ni cod ban aylisatly sels ui pod 

__o Svohluntig ot ermal bacisiko yaivpil poibtoe ote wi 
aa sae Wiiiyn wil befimilen tad yal fexvralnt 
Tawin ye mele orl Mie att — etadameng. tnoterel 

mie nies Yo teen ayltoM. fee eohpunes 

Davie ; loasortty yore Lebvaepesl oft madd singly elt a 
fro awob buppoul Hadiodeom und dowtte guint 
opalley oft wi wierd git! vale doreaty aly pi 
Ae ie sonlq oat Apep ged hil aries wer A 
ORS srorieng eh ed anil gremperi gan 208 walt mara. 
dodon! ed ved: 2» sneak sttvredal Yo bn! 
MBE stash etecarioodse siti bunine old si 
Sie walla rt pepe, Mie wkd bead .y dow! 

by teat oA vel w bem ater roti pile eat the 

( -MHhtioe view od. test exh Boammen IF pmaoun aul 
+, (ites quit rad : salto wile. rom patil one oils 
weet wl: ier ead yoy aaaiow oom ob 
r walt dle dale ont gnitent mals bow 
-fe08T cubiveid bocreomigy flours baty bere veri: 
wil euler ateres stadt Ww stiny weritmioTy 
boeopmaeuett oh) non node blued od tals einen 
wad! apote ittiw bewewos sing a 08 teat) dood ot 
yas ast tad gaiq ed) boolgxe bar biruols wom 
pa vhewetai) Net ciege godt yeast on bavi 
= secon view bine odw amor yqandim ont 
Te sovevett a lo gailtyes wond geven wl deult 


2 CRUEL TREATMENT 


of Popowitz. They also employed measures of 
torture for gaining their purpose, and soon left him 
for dead upon the spot. He nevertheless revived 
and lived five years longer. But alas, they had 
seized his two daughters, whom they violated and 
took with them, so that the unfortunate tather never 
saw them more. 

“Wenzel Jacksch was minister at Kaunitz, four 
miles from Prague. They made him prisoner, 
dragged him across the Elbe to Kostelez, and there 
scourged him. They then took a knotted rope, 
and by means of a piece of wood, so com- 
pressed his head that his eves started out. They, 
moreover, led him forth to a public place and let 
loose against him a very wild horse; which when 
near him sprang on one side and left him un- 
injured. By great exertions, he was finally re- 
leased, but not without a ransom of 4500 florins. 
Paul Welwar, pastor of Czelakow was taken at the 
same time. As they considered him to be rich they 
tormented him the more, at one time with burning 
coals, at another by laving ice upon them, until he 
had assigned 5000 florins to them. But he died 
a few days afterwards. Andrew Stemberg of Budin 
was taken from his parish by fifteen horsemen, 
and conveyed to Kostelez, where he was also tor- 
tured by strapping lis head. They then bound 
him hand and foot, and threw him upon his back, 
intending to torture him the next morning with 
fire. But he was miraculously delivered about mid- 
night. During his prayer, when he uttered the 
words of the Psalmist, * [’or in thee do I hope, 
O Lord,” he felt his hands becoming loose and 
untied. He arose, went to the door, passed by the 
three guards, who were present, but who remained 


| 
3 
4 


7 sw, 2hos 
qeautsane sau. . at 
ey oem heciigers one vod T. 
= 1d eo mute frie oacopieny visit giiting 
jovivet ensintzored afi tone salt, eng bes sil 
dank ved ale “doll verpeinl euatey vit bowl bos 
tote basalorr vorks meter aonhgueb ows ald beaten 
poise teh oturoesvte » odd trulz oe ovedd Atiw dood 
a rou aradi wee 
“dl gutaped 19 toteurin sew doedot lox W “ 
ming Ae show eT soged ott eolior 
ert fan 2elet-od oo wild 9 
rt heteowd & door tails edt iste 
> « Jnr lp cody © Se ane 3d 
welt tao borat ere oul tole hood od Bomeny 
1 Bae nate silico © oo deat ontth bal aavouyom — 
tidied jsemd Ge cee anil taniege seool 
-er cml Ful tub ole oom ao gomtye atid ase 
on wana) aon 9 =onirexs.cerg 20, Jbaaipt 
sot’ OOF. Yo weece o tpediiw. toa tol doeast 
aii fo wade? curr trocadsc | Io gomeq aevieW [oe 
walt vert al @ eh hersbienne warlt od anil emma 
‘pitheniid date soir aio .2 ewan oY anid Kester 
ot Litt ovale pony <v vote! af tedtone te aloo 
hoje od mw cope) ©) caro 00d -doagieen bal 
ibe wadamntewencé sivorordia ayab wal a 
dossiol asset vd deneq ed got aedel aow 
104 Cela ame, onl aeuly/ valstaodk of boyoraor baa 
batted aot vadT tool sia qgaiqqueue gd hems 
«Ayah air! goqn raid vor! bas Joc has beed aid 
ried ton ot mj suet 04. gribastsi 
devath sheotmenananw of mull a 
alt pane a aelen feorenng 
1 gh ued pi we'd ~ eit 


an 


% 


— 


OF THE CLERGY. DPB 


quict, either because they were asleep, or could not 
hear on account of a sudden gust of wind. One, 
who was probably the instrument of his deli- 
verance, had his hand upon the door-latch. At the 
city-gate he was recognized by the musketeer on 
guard, who happily being a native Bohemian, 
compassionated the condition of Stemberg, gave 
him his liberty, and conducted him over the 
bridge to the other side of the river. They also 
seized the pastor of Konigin-Mestitz, John Moyses, 
with his wife, and tortured him to death by cruel 
burning.” 

In the same manner they laid hold of. pastor 
Simon Antecanius in Horeziz, whom they suspended 
from a pole, and painfully tortured with fire till 
lhe named to them every place where he had money. 
The pastor of Bakoven they treated in a similar 
manner, until he died. The curate of Nimes was 
cut in pieces by some plundering Poles who had 
broken into his house; and at Aurenowes, where the 
pastor Andreas Jacobiz had made his escape, they 
vented their fury upon a young man who was 
secretary to the treasurer. They filled his mouth 
with gunpowder, and setting fire to it, his throat 
was burstasunder. In this kind of death these cruel 
men delighted, as a sublime exhibition. Adam 
Pisck was pastor at Byteschin in Moravia in the dis- 
trict of Count Charles Zierotin. As his patron had 
remained faithful to Ferdinand, the pastor thought 
himself safe, and he received the soldiers who came 
to him, ina friendly and hospitable manner. But 
as soon as they learned that he was a Protestant 
minister, they cruelly beat him to death, stripped 
his body naked, and then plundered his house. His 


Sabai 


, Wikemy Ho Tio bint yeas oe om one id 


bs via it ae 
ter Lines 30 pose orn “vol! vilinind salt 
00 © Jlatiw to eug nobis a Ve RnyoaR 
Hal We tani tient aah virgen 
nlm ale ee ity, pei tring es 
no TModeun 4)’ + ml hostrruosey ; 
_aialitrlusis : ovine ke Bere ‘pbiqayad viloy ter 
Berens SAME Yu -a ‘Vivir ar aie a | 
wit veto en! Ts tavigee dine epestiil i} Tmt 
wo galt erry dt WoAbierienbin ult ot phil 
rar coil, nite, Mille ieg Wo tobaing alt Davin 
Hats ve slinul oF ent Loeerergnd, tin iti 3h bhi 
“given 


{dures void siete ante Oi nino cond - 

Mit, adie ‘honurtor oithetastae Hint abo wo Hiv) : 
wattort Hike sesilw qendty rieto timate Devicener and 

‘aiding ap, tt Lise? ot werdtell, Yo owiy alt | 
cow Simic to atin ed Shaibedh fia crane - 
biak oar solo Yotsulizahy ‘neta ia oy 

shi omthy eowvor td dubye poaped ol antiaeden - 
eats up yt Osa silownl mgeho. wt 
few Mie see who Rep PT tid Laer 
Heo sil belle oT cermhailtas recene. 
Toole hl ti ne oti paca Hem mleionpmers down 
ey sernls eitaeste to onc etaln ook cventarvnnnes perused age 


tse al? prnniles ot Latdtied insatauten 
eraibstye ols pg ge pr 


24 EXPULSION OF THE 


library occupied three rooms,* but they threw the 
books into a heap and burned them. As no one 
ventured to come near the poor man while this band 
was in the town, the pastor was not buried until 
five weeks afterwards by a few of his pupils. 

On the 17th of January 1621, the pastor of Ratin, 
Lorenz Kurz, a man sixty years of age, was with 
his wife, so cruelly burnt, by a soldier who de- 
manded money of him, that withina short time they 
both expired. The curate of Bohdalow, Paul (or 
Matthias) Pseniczka, near seventy years of age, was 
hung up by his private parts, and consumed by the 
flames, which ascended from his burning books. 
Under this torture he prayed for merey, upon which 
one of the soldiers fired a musket-ball through 
him. Many others besides were in a similar manuer 
plundered, tortured, and put to death. 

These atrocities were certainly the acts of a licen- 
tious and infuriated soldiery, but we have also 
enough to report of legal and formal persecution, 
which the evangelical clergy suttered from their 
triumphing enemies ; who indeed denied that it 
was a religious persecution, asserting that it was 
merely the punishment of high treason. 

On the 10th of March, 1621, the curates and 
schoolmasters, (beside the professors of the Caroline 
College) who adhered to the doctrine of Calvin, 
and the Picards or Bohemian Brethren, received 
orders to quit Prague within three days, and the 
whole kingdom within six. 

The clergy of the Brethren, John Cyrillus, 
senior of the consistory, John Corvinus and Paul 


* There are many other indications to be found that the clergy 
of that period, were truly men of learning. 


Scene Alma a a Ta anc A 


ait rents gett suet hatin gui 
ee ont th evant benrrie? har quad a 
hetued ait wits crate teeny wuld est Gig Ot 
Tier dotted got anw corey: ndt qwat gilt af eow 
cul ti wel 4 ql chnewenfia aden, owl 
Av oon Ss 1801 yeamml, be ditt out a 
Wisner W chev vom nom eA epee 
cul tul@ tithion- wd owteet ylteurm om .ottw cid 
‘Yoreld saatis wos nithdalw forbs sth Wo votout bebwunsa 
16) hawt wedatulodl W eer ofl botiges ited 
air yn te enaor Viteorw: cod iene (autdahd 
wilt ail botaenne bien .zrtay oneving eit ed quegmerth 
sion? ‘guirunl wi) Geer) Iesinwee dotdw jena 
thatity ccna .gorsit el deurny onl oon-afi wba 
SSigwont) Neghaawar co. lclt esaildoe ale to, gne 
oie ad yen eshte wie vee anid 
badly or ney ew bono borohewla 
<tmoll W i@ aon ait vier ow eubene ad? 
et era on 1k pret les dymairdint bas ayols 
debe lnnrwe baa legal to Pisqet of 
Tait marth Leese wyein loollengeaes salt 
ie aly eviews bigest eal wha amligboten 
an i meds pinaneeas ata irwweny eoutyiin » eww 


PROTESTANT MINISTERS. 25 


Fabricius, had either already left or were concealed ; 
for their hearers did not lve in a_ separate 
parish, but were dispersed over all Prague. Being 
afraid that the little Bethlehem church would be 
taken from them, they had begun to build another 
for themselves. During the interregnum they had 
indeed the church of the Jesuits for their worship, 
but this the fathers seized on their return. Be- 
sides, as every place was occupied by soldiers, and 
all were full of terror, the hearers requested not 
to be called together to the Bethlehem chapel, until 
the disturbance should be over. But the terror ra- 
ther increased than diminished, and the once inter- 
rupted public worship, could no more be restored. 
On this account, those Brethren who understood 
something of the German language, attended the 
(rerman-evangelical service, which was yet con- 
tinued in the Salvator and Trinity churches. 

The administrator of the evangelical consistory, 
George Dicastus,* was now summened__betore 
Lichtenstein. He was commissioned to lay the 
following six points before the Evangelical clergy of 
Prague, the German as well as the Bohemian. 
They were—1. To collect among themselves a sum 
of several thousands, and lend it to the Emperor for 
defraying his pensions:—2. To renounce publicly 
the coronation of Frederic: — 3. To restore the 
old church order :—4. To apply to the archbishop 
for new ordinations to their church offices :— 
5. To resign their marriage state, or at least ex- 
pressly to petition the archbishop for indulgence in 
their once formed masriages :—6. That if any were 
prepared to resign their church offices, and enter 


* Who found refuge and a grave in Zittau ; he was a2 learned 
and wellemoasning man 


ec 


EX — 
ee = eer Urnatentoge | 
«feliygnas cov ge hil «eLincetan pods a Bf aniarida'| 
i Gis | oN gi Beh eye 151 yet 


ote ie wey le ie hove gaits or te 7 latin 
i hbtow, ante” geatetdeell Salil Hilt ai ‘Witter 
rusian hawt o * intiaed tad tote silt aed 
Lt 2 at center] dt rc ae l 


a oeiiten eruw ‘telly col eit ails Wh? decides ont buatn' 


sll spat’ Shad? som haatioe evicliotl alg” Pe aid 
lie etalleioe ond hetiganion sew oniliy ete da: zabte 
AM baeiuyeh eptinl ale sur? le Hot wiowW ths 
itr) Pai tattartalgeh qilt ax eutoyor ballns: sit or 
sttetimls oh = averwl istnwein # rnncialondetfy oils 
“shine «> ou adeighatib mil) beapirear tot 
dettotered wit oy Olden aglberos oildyny ferines 
bomemhan olin ondivd) @at tantneg allt of 
wi bakes oro tl tm ol 'togainhonwe 
“ne 49 san itehiw antpeee Treiber: eer ruven } 
@uhowl> ete ponevtes all aidopnis 
.fwldedoy Leilene att lo tenreciha ofl 


. Yolod Lome wor ai *ansendtt apron) 


alt %a OF Godomsintorge sow of  nietaaitoiJ 
oy pgale lay eeneT ont ergted mio ze quiwella 
sumo wit ev tivw es nem’) odd ron! 
Hed evtlecal! com plloyeT sfewrw yul'T 
wh Tota eth ov oi ive Bem shuasevoils lieve to 
vloiivtuey somite oT Y—~anoienng eid ynizeitul 
alt soot WT 0 — : shohot Eto guituiotos oils 

qodsidiewe wilt ot viqqn oT se: vabto doris blo 

~ieniio chads tiatt ot amottoniino» won tol 


a, 7 tenel 10 WH whe eguicem) aigde oegion oT 


- 


rl gong labat ved sole oty ole goblinig ol yey 
orm an WaT erg obtain hone awe vod 


totus ban sevatlte. ihywiils windy sngiern, 01 boragerty 


boned m aww odds OMI ut Ovary a Sita of * 


wee weussune thee hos 


26 EXPULSION OF THE 


upon secular business, high favour and civil ap- 
pointments awaited them. These articles did not 
meet with the desired success, for the ministers 
answered unanimously, that they could do nothing 
against their conscience.* 

The Romanists had immediately recourse to 
violent measures. On the 13th of December the 
governor Lichtenstein issued a severe edict. In this 
the Evangelical clergy were accused of having been 
the sole cause of the Bohemian revolution, as those 
who by inflammatory speeches and writings had 
stirred up the people, especially the higher orders, 
against the Emperor, and had advised them to 
engage in disastrous alliances, urging the elec- 
tion of a new king. That like unruly and insane 
men, they did not vet cease secretly and openly 
to throw everything into confusion, and to make 
the Emperor odious with the people. That there- 
fore, for the good of the public peace, they were to 
quit Prague within three days, and the whole country 
and lands incorporated with it, within six, and never 
to return again. But should any one continue or 
return within the boundaries of the kingdom,f or if 


* Jacobai, who was present at this scene, says, ‘‘ After we 
had been informed of this, we unanimously answered the reporter, 
that we relied upon the help of God, and could not act against 
our conscience ; and that we would in due time petition the autho- 
rity whence those articles proceeded. We prayed, inall humility, 
but the voice of supplication had no effect ; moreover, the state 
of the Evangelical Church assumed daily a more precarious 
aspect.” 

+ The severity afterwards practised against transgressors, Was 
certainly the r:sult of this law, and the subordinate authorities 
merely did as taney were commanded; yet as they exhibited a plea- 
sure in fulfilling the command, it is useless to attempt aD 


apology for them. 


Penner ey Petar Wt 'ar) Prenat eerer cena On 


le i te 


aia i al Pe: a a A da 


“cages et Coyne aeceadt etl 5 anegnnlopeet 


| on saat Vi At alt ok! eeniedone aanaloe 


ee 


wid ih eolsien gael] ent) ‘othe ® 
-eeatlaia ot ttl aeons bwvesh: Oe He 
“ poldhien of bilan ene tell -¢leeonmames 

© ga oreeeriney 


seryyanuse amnion trol poiedlany of? 


ek tebercsrea 6 bigseei vietenetdyld 
raed! paren! Yo humebod verre vue t oa 

waa e omtivinens caincl ii wtp to nastier one 

hail ayalsiey hija pavflepennor] evoripegen \iaal hy ar ody 
ain anit oll tareaies stqgiad a eee 

OF anents Nowirchs bel tow .torayutile — 

oly «li guign ,2cutitls snout ai, syagee 

enwea! ins “hota oa all eels war De nept 
theaqe faut chmyiem penne er vod vile aeagls: een 

silo, os Wire nore lion sie uel es weads 02 

aver will alee alt shee oe ve erga genrs watt 
eR) a 

eratingy teal hadnin yeh oowis ~~ 
sere fam aie Gladlieg ctlaitin hong woul 


ti mutiny ieee pa Bhgoue tof am 
Vw t mo bontd ails i wtduniad hina 


aw oly” ie ocean gy 
sein" eeetsenaies ae Hilt Yen 


ERI MRE) oe 


PROTESTANT MINISTERS. M7 


any one should conceal or shelter them, under 
whatever pretext, both parties were alike to be 
punished with death. ; 

{t is necessary that we now give a somewhat 
more minute account of the motives (in show 
only political), by which the government were 
actuated in their proceedings.* The reasons as- 
signed will be found in the following quotations, 
roi the Governor’s edict of the 13th of December, 
ioe1e 

“ Although in the commandments of God, as 
also in the secular ancient laws of these imperial and 
roval countries, it is ordained and provided, that no 
one is to stir up rebellion against the authorities, 
nor to take part in the like disorders; especially, 
that the preachers, during the present fatal divisions 
in our Christian faith, do not, under any cloak or 
fulwe pretext, assist in stirring up and agitating the 
common people to any uproar or rebellion, under 
pun of the punishments pointed out in the above 
mentioned divine and secular laws ; it is neverthe- 
less an undeniable tact, known throughout the realm, 
that sume Bohemian preachers have disseminated 
the principal motives for the late fatal rebellion. On 
the Sundays and the fast-days of the year 1613, many 
of them published and promulgated a malicious 
pamphlet, filled with falsehood, whereby they made 
wrong impressions upon the minds of the common 
people, and also set them against the highest autho- 
ritv,at that time his Imperial Majesty the Emperor 
Matthias, now resting in God, and afterwards the 


* About the year 1622, a proposition was made to Ferdinand 


by Henry Lancellot, to crad cate Calvinism from his German 
lermtones, 


valves saved while a fh 
ihiteonee a eriy won am 
| Wods «f) mvtiaur wit Vo 


aa nae prueies lT agaiiasg Wade al tewrenn, 
< gan patwcdhst qthy at del wd Miw. 
ealtwoitl Se ihtt sity to Yale e'semmred) alt mot : 
At 


on tat Abhivers| tw tatoo at Wastin bee 
nites at eoege aailadyy queer +) wo 


ne (Aiienes seenwl edil hi es Hag whe wt ve 

} srminitlb lea? iareerty, ails geibeob gla weds 
ot goer eva whan tae ob altel ase aw a 
7 QHMEpe Hae qn quire pi teléen Mepteig ~!t - 
ee SPRITRA RH: « 


WO .cellbantigt Ladd vial et wahmowinane Lanyboanry owl! 
; 7 O\e~ doh Gibl data achosnar, ‘sal 


' 
' 
. | Garo wre! etn seasntsabystl cocivr tel) 7 


298 EXPULSION OF THE 


present Prince and Lord, Ferdinand II., chosen 
Roman Emperor, also King of Hungary and 
Bohemia, our most gracious sovereign ; as also 
against his majesty’s appointed governors, high 
officers, and counsellors. They detached the people 
from their dutiful and hereditary subjection, and led 
and exhorted them to wanton and dangerous prepa- 
ration of arms and criminal rebellion. Also, after 
the rebellion began, some of them delivered sermons 
in the Caroline College, urging the confederates, 
by encouraging promises, steadily to persevere in 
their design. The above mentioned Bolemian 
preachers, have likewise read wanton and blasplie- 
mous prayers, against his Imperial Majesty, and his 
faithful adherents, on certain hours of the day, 
in various churches of the cities of Prague, even 
with tolling of bells, and in the presence of the 
people ; which prayers as also sermons were printed 
and publicly sold. The like and other presumptuous, 
grievous, and sinful crimes they committed. 

“At length the rebels and their ringleaders, with 
the concurrence of the great community, as it was 
called, presumed even to think of another would-be 
ruler, and of establishing him, by a treasonable and 
invalid election, as the new King of Bohemia. 
This ungodly and obnoxious work, the above men- 
tioned preachers forwarded and carried on with their 
utmost power and diligence; they assisted in the 
pretended coronation of the forcibly intruding, and 
since then, justly outlawed, Palatine Frederic, and 
in short lent their aid towards accomplishing and 
executing everything, which ¢hzy considered essen- 
tial and beneficial to the power, extent and increase 
of this accursed confederacy and conibiuation ; 


i 
+ 


re ce ct ee em ~ 
cite eatin taba aA IAL ied A 88s bs 2 


= aaa'n 


Geta —— 


ae 
SHA. at sinpiaitiad 2 i * 


oy; a sonENe 


gett valk oS i 
ativantd: jynendligh a 
sb “ayy 


vieghee®) yiathy 

hin es veial sresel geroelauneny 

ell fruys +4 senivas eer~on enous 
lieti> vo vlhomsilbe Lie 

inn 0 piaries ale YO eutonnde anode’ ay 


als Yo cies ore i bite the Wo guile’ dsiw 

Hetniny Cv einem Onin en eosrrcay Menlw cee 
1h” 

oils 


Pivetepteamneeiy wate bras dil will fytein y lolt 


shaittinnarice (ot reeivtey hii tava 
tities witb Lage elodeys wale 
twa) oe vee Stearn ayy We w 


Ween diltnenets uw od deen alos 
ais, ‘wor «it 20 eGlionte Wile 


oe Th boone : 
aus cuca | amy 


PROTESTANT MINISTERS. 29 


afiereby they hoped miserably to entangle and con- 
fuse the whole of Christendom, and also speedily to 
ring the barbarous and brutal yoke of the heathen, 
and the violence of the Turk, that arch-enemy of the 
(liristian name, into the heart of this kingdom, as 
well as into the holy Roman realm, the German 
nation, and beloved Christendom at large. Not to 
mention that many of these restless persons have 
not ceased, even to this moment, both in public and 
private, Whenever they have an opportunity, to mis- 
lead and alienate the minds of the people, and to 
inspire them with hatred, exasperation, and ill-will, 
against his Imperial Majesty. Now for the admi- 
nistration of the above mentioned divine command- 
ments and the salutary laws of the country, but 
especiully for the maintenance and preservation of 
the general peace, his Imperial Majesty's commis- 
sioners for that purpose, after duly considering the 
authenticated information of this undeniable occur- 
rence, have decreed : That those rebels and seditious 
persons, especially those who, in 1618, published 
and spread amongst the people the seditious procla- 
mations and libels, and have also pertormed the 
invalid act of the coronation, and by their presence 
caused and contributed to the misleading of the 
common people, should one and all (although they 
deserve a severer punishment,) be removed and 
banished from his Imperial Majesty’s kingdom of 
Bohemia, and from all territories incorporated there- 
with or otherwise belonging to his Majesty and 
the house of Austria. 

i. They are however, permitted, from pure lenity 
and liberality, to take with them their moveable pro- 
perty, or even to sedd their immeveabie property, 


we 
' 


Ge 


Merrie 


“nag {igs dicen ele mt ; 
ae r ° 


aw vfilrsays cele be 
on 0 
ails th Halsty bth 


a 


cee aeons 


pene 
inluve stile Ye Doidstrralit hogeriiwenlive 
lind iscton ood omitT = besaubvoyal votes 


Q 7141 oF jcalw ordi qilainngne gir 


— apie atopic saan wie 
shnanh ered ol 


Boies nee 
is Demetéting ole vved Tew. tiene pe 


SORT Tei) yh bee colgemetos takt Me dow Peles 
cus Het walt of Jeoterdianaos bein bem 
yp jdis Sw oso bivothe palyooq nomtaney 
sorndlt 9 ian seool] 


30 EXPULSION OF THE 


through an agent, within the space of three 
months. But if any one or more of them shall be 
found in Prague, or in the kingdom of Bohemia, 
or in any other of his Majesty's territories, after the 
above specified time, and it shall be proved that 
they assisted in the publication of the before- 
mentioned libels, or that they abetted the insurrec- 
tion and revolt against his Imperial Majesty, or 
have been guilty of any other crime connected 
therewith: then shall such person or persons with- 
out exception, at once be sentenced to death, as 
examples to others. In conclusion, it is decreed, 
that no one in the territories of his Imperial Ma- 
jesty, shall grant these extruded and_ banished 
people, knowingly or accidentailvy, either shelter, or 
lodging, or food, or drink, nor retain or suffer them 
beyond the specified time, as they wish to avoid the 
great displeasure ot his Majesty, besides a punish- 
ment similar to that above mentioned.” 

Several Lutheran clergymen, who had previously, 
with others, left the country, in consequence ot the 
edict against the Calvinistic and Picardic ministers, 
and sought refuge in Saxony, now entreated the 
government of that country to enable them to return 
to Bohemia in satety. In consequence of this, 
the Prince Elector wrote to the governor, Adam 
Wallenstein :—“ At first we were disinclined to believe 
the edict concerning the expulsion of the Evange- 
lical preachers, and certainly did not expect that it 
would be so speedily enforced. We will not now 
discuss the accusations brought. against them; but 
surely such precipitate proceedings are inexcusable. 
How can you banish so suddenly, without a proper 
trial? It iseven reported, that the places of the exiled 


; 
i 
4 
x 
; 
i 
3 


Dares leveer ars reece autE cae UBSOne Cpa i) a inet al 


ete ea on, Uae Rg TEU P RT Te ae vn ns ree 


ant 10 “eetedies oe a“ 
eens “pe en my antieg jes a Af 1 
at Henla neki sted dete aie 
samraiall! In arplrenia ADS LF Ay Siegert, ni 
aly catia = motitret © vra| ALC eid pepe ie omg 
astii hrorverry Sel) [itis gi Bust joni battiogg’ gerade | 
nwo ibs ste, roleuhhwe ° Ge at Whisieds geal 
oer eeee vit Spbetibnn Hi qadt walt ao selodit henrqiiosar 
© Here Lebeuil <i medley dover Dir Bon 
iniomi6y sani vedio yes to atin nad opel 
<altivt Sneeze to HozTeT stvee lane sone cafhiwanl 
an (ith of teatime ol von 4: .weteeh dyD 
tema ett ceeniono nil selon of esigpeb 
ail lawedtt «iil be chimed wih @ oto On darts 
tadeinml tma beburres eeartr dwg Huis thes, = 
ae yathels acl ‘7iletosborsn: vigetuind wulquey 
metls Whore to mints ton eth we hod ge yaigbel 
ale biove ot Vere TOMY Bir tired ballionge suit imoyod 
~tdtinig & esbieod orves(nld et Qe onienshqelly inveg = 
“ boronewar evole dadior codbeie tenet 
olen mtd. oft arniteryroby eusewhte tT dewrs% 
alt io Sook OweD ai ortiuroe ale Ae! eralsoaliie ~- 
erssietat aiinesT fine olinivieD elt -teciege tnibe 
a VINO WOR oozes me ongitter tdgquoe breve 


_ weer ot joel shilans'd? viitie tel 16 trematevey 


oul TW sonengeetos al ovine ab simedoll of 

mal 9temeveg sdy ot oon cote ssatd ods 

oveiioedt orbenilagreily vrom ow saith ——2niasenolle 

-ygawrll silt te moielieqxy aclt-yetausones toibs okt 

ti Jadigooqss ton bib vinisries bes mdomsg deol 

won, aon Nie 9 deweleo ylibesge ened blrow 

jul Fred) taniega tlavot «aoltieersemeds eeuseib, 

obvbaitsonant pe cereal owiqoeny dooe yews Ss 
qn # tvoiwe ~Heabtue o4sliand Moyes woe | 
bofind silt to conatly orlt ads rormoqor moveakal Tis ~~ S 


wt, 


SATO Sp 


res lena aR 


PROTESTANT MINISTERS. ol 


clergy are now filled by Catholics, which fact sufh- 
ciently announces the reason why the Evangelical 
preachers have been expelled the country. By 
such things the people are driven to desperation. 
We cannot allow the fire to break out anew on our 
borders. We shall expect from you, betore pro- 
ceeding any farther, more exact information on all 
that has taken place.” 

To this Wallenstein replied, on the 13th January, 
1622, as follows:—‘* The edict in question has 
reference to political crimes on/y. That it has so 
speedily been enforced, is owing to the tact, that 
Prince Lichtenstein, was obliged to go to Vienna, 
and was anxious to discharge his duty previous to 
his departure. Besides, no individual is mentioned 
or banished by name in the edict so much spoken 
of, but every one is allowed to examine his own con- 
science. If those then, who Anew themselves guilty, 
have evaded the mild sentence of his Imperial 
Majesty, in order to escape the decreed punishment, 
they have no reason to complain. ‘The quiet, peace- 
able sub-utrague priests, who have been the least 
stirring, have remained in their former situations 
and places. Lichtenstein has informed the German 
preachers of the Augsburg confession in this place, 
that they and other innocent persons, are nowise 
included in the edict. The report, that Catholics 
have been appointed to their places, is untrue.” 

Such appointments were, however, systematically 
made; but it was pretended to be considered in the 
light of a new Lord, (of a castle for instance,) 
appointing new servants, according to his own mind. 
The dismissal was, therefore, not admitted as an act 
of injustice. 

The Bohemian clergy, (those who spoke the 


Nee Ale tl hl a AA Ns AA NN | i A i bl ia 


sb Baiab ad Bi aed es ee 


ere ea Teme vem were soe nb] ” Taner 
. 


ea arn al RN a eda UO OL a a La dad ek 


i tne nas LO A. 


bcerieceindsniantd Tile.” 


ar ees 


"Tk ne viotiumsdtts' oaxs. sear pore 

* abel, trad ot eral te 

sinaah sel wil: on tesilyes aloe oof vT 
pat iiteenp of tata nlp —cawhdle? an Sat 
we aul ti dodlT ine eumsitte Lesttibog an songriie 
babt sect edi of caies at Daoniee toad lili 
sail 4 og ut begitde cee eriswematiinid sonts4 
o§ anotyord vinits itt outlet at anima age Awte 
bourtiitere +t innievihut on Qebiw semtusgoh ald 
fedeqe shin oe ioibo edited amet a bolsiaad 1 
stew en) conan oo tqernlie et sae yrvre ted Jo 
Utliny esvivetinh saw’ ob annts odt Wl oonsine 
Inti! sil io sowteep Bhity eit behave ovul 
_ darling bempoty od. sqgenes of abo ai ,yiesjel, 
“sg Riep sd) wcalgidoe of say et Ovud yout 
teal oul? seind wind owe aaesing sryore-de olde 
sHOwEHNe ‘uTiot thal! af bentemet evel gairite 
nantes edt uearote! ead oterenstibeid aoonlq ban 
Soalq 4isti wi fioestaos swdegih old Io xtlonery 
Seivron om aoetay tuaponat toilto bine yoda todd 
— avilodied ama roger aT toile salt at boboloni 
“auritit +} evsaley tiads arsed avrael 

“Ueda: Jovened ome dow 
oft att Trinbbbeno od oF bobaapag enw ot tod ;obum 
— eal a Yo): yc Yo wbgil 


32 EXPULSION OF THE 


Bohemian language,) being thus forcibly driven 
from Prague, their churches were given to the 
Jesuits. Out of respect for the Elector of Saxony, 
and at his intercession, the German clergy* were 
spared for a short period. But no pen can describe 
the consternation of those Protestants, who accom- 
panied their pastors to bid them a last farewell. 
- The Bohemian population, (the Evangelical- 
Lutherans) who were thus deprived of their 
preachers, now attended divine service in the German 
Evangelical churches. The Jesuits, therefore, 
began to think, that it would be better to offend 
the Elector of Saxony, than to allow this to 
continue.t 

They accordingly insisted upon the banishment of 
the German pastors, or at least. their gracious dis- 
missal; and notwithstanding the protestations and 
intercession of the Elector, they also were obliged 
to quit Prague. The names of these clerev- 
men were:—Caspar Wagner, David  Lippach, 
Sigismund Scherez, and Fabian Nathus. Great 


* In 1615, the states themselves had ordered that preaching 
in German should be discontinued, and that after the demise 
of the present German preachers, on/y such should be elected as 
could speak the Bohemian tongue. See this edict in Pelzcl’s 
Hist. ii. 681. This, no doubt, was for the encouragement 01 
native preachers, and the exclusion of foreigners. 

+ The Elector afterwards complained to the Emperor, that he 
had appealed in vain to Lichtenstein, and expresses his grea! 
surprise at such severity. “ [f bohemia be culpable, there should 
still be a distinction made between the guilty and the innocent ; 
besides, they have been promised a pardon; let the Emperor 
remember his past sery’es, and not give occasion to greater 
distrust, but shew himself merciful like his ancestors, wlio 
graciously tolerated the Evangelical peeple ; let him open the 
closed churches, and thus gladden the hearts of several thousanu 
mourners,” 


cos a a 


TOs TORE SL WemnD OTRO ata fe 


| 
i 


enoxak to posal > ant qi mngeerien. 
ie “eyesio tied olt omental eid te bos 
dPeoetila are tray ont 3 Lnsivony emda 208 D 
serotiog miler ztcaawrct'T onal? Yo medisaretacran: 
sien 1 @ mis Die! ot aicheag tale hala 
| * ant) mottling aniseadoll elf 
diel? Yo hevingal ely crow ow (emote 
-  flipeet} olf ai sorres® earvils iShawize wor, 
pte tives ad ssdenusta . 
haskte ot tard od hua ss auth Anidlt om omg 
oD ails wolle oF sual: squonads jo soto eda 
 -}-omaigas 
be tnnhnhe ae acu Senin lagrrnaa ig? 
oils tne thot) teed Je 20 enwTAN seni one 
Lionas ainvitoneetoruy. gilt airibemedinvtes Maw {\ncen 
livgiiile grow vals alt soicolil Sole Ww neienoeata? a 
ovary cealy Qo vows oolT ~eltoes — 
iis went. cous qa —orge a 
sulle ogided ime aa ag 


aloes oy iia dd oboe sake alt EDL at # 
arsine: wih tefl wiestvocnuetl a 4~ 7 


oa leprsaie nd an pe vue " 
“baat al ye saath a om grr peasy 
Phere et a 
eer re 
woo ’ ie fave Gi taleeins Aids ene 

| anon “— 


pers ou itn tn = eA 
Prenienraph or ahah AF need cidaagile of 


soace a | toed 

Wikmery wh tad a UMne me 
Pi a a ‘ha ja pat a ; 

anal eel te i sgitty suid ne eel viele - . & 

.o ag 


om 


an 


~ omanapay 


PROTESTANT MINISTERS. oo 


wambers of their German and Bohemian parishioners 
«companied them to the open fields, where they 
ooivered their farewell sermon, on the 29th October 
ii. 

The most striking picture of the departure of the 
four Lutheran-German clergymen, is from the writ- 
ten statement of Sigismund Scherez, one of the exiles. 
It deserves to be inserted here, as vividly exhibiting 
the melancholy occurrences of that time. No one 
can read it without sympathy. ‘“ We,” says he, 
“lave been dismissed by imperial command, and 
have been obliged to leave our dear and numerous 
liearers behind us. When it first became known 
that we four German evangelical preachers, who 
yet remained in Prague, were to be dismissed, we 
encouraged one another, and exhorted our hearers 
also to be steadfast with cheerful constancy. 


These our devout exhortations, by the power of 


(ical, so penetrated the hearts of many, that they 
wept bitter tears with a devout and zealous heart, 
in the midst of our sermons, which they attended in 
large numbers. Many of the Popish religion were 
ul-o present, some from a pure motive, but others 
for the purpose of reporting our words. The people 
mutually consoled themselves, and encouraged one 
another to fortitude and patience, that they might 
be resigned to the will of God, and submissive to 
the commands of the Emperor. In the two German 
churches of Salvator and Trinity, above 2000 com- 
mumicants assembled at the Lord’s table within a 
fortnight, many of them being Bohemians, who 
understood but little of the Uorman language, and 
who had come froma true and pure zeal for religion. 
Indeed, the number of communicants would have 
VOL. If. D 


wit arluiria Leilegnmrs cicada ited on all 
mt shewerluretiy 


woe ena wopetl al Iygiaaen 1+ 
aricerel TaD beranioe baw goo aane luge 

Mammtetes (itmels, Aye saslihuaisie wow - 
ge? dale eur 84 essen at "Testenrornay 00 shod! 
rim ecolese tome sweety a ler saan vstriel pew 
at bohooiny guls souty suhimee wae lo sdidas ott 
uno welyiber diag. T nile te ees») anatnnet marvel 


34 EXPULSION OF THE 


been doubled, if the greater part of them had not ex- 
pected that we should have been allowed a month for 
preparation, or at least have been permitted publicly 
to deliver our farewell sermon, and administer the 
sacrament to those, who so ardently desired to receive 
it for the last time. But as certain Popish priests 
could not rest, until we were out of their sight, we 
had to depart suddenly, that none of us might 
be present on the following Sunday. And now we 
were obliged to commence our journey, having 
indeed the consolation of being informed by an 
ambassador of the court, that His lnperial Majesty 
had nothing against us personally, nor was our 
approaching departure a punishment, but only a 
gracious dismissal, as, amongst other things, the 
collation of the two German churches, rested jure 
belli with His Imperial Majesty, we should, there- 
fore, receive every assistance in our removal ;—and 
this was actually done. Thereupon we moved away, 
in the name of the Lord Jesus. May God graciously 
take pity on the high and low, the great and small, 
of good and zealous hearts, in our forsaken flock, 
and may He turn and end their great misery, accord- 
ing to His infinite power and mercy !” 

At first, their enemies would by no means ofh- 
cially acknowledge, that the dismissal took place on 
account of religion. With regard to the Evangelical 
Bohemians, the reasons assigned were only, that 
they had, by order of the states, read the betore- 
mentioned protestation to the people; that they had 
supplied them with sermons; and that they hed 
crowned and prayed for the elected King. To the 
Germans they were now obliged to confess, tha! 
they had nothing against them; therefore, the 


' 
4 


Ab cicadas Ale anne 5 EE LL 


on es 


ada ak a il a led lea cll Rl a ll le 


| 


i 


re rn 
Dy a e Pact : 


ua 


a 
shy 14 wolestars ey SE 


ry gout butt ceesale Wi nenly sevtaey sal # detdopl aid 
+) legen a te ota wont wm) bivonesne silt b 


vbuild oxy (onpehenseaty ad array gral he (gh) ; 

ih soelnin ln ban wwoorss Hoven ie toylah 6) 
vio ot byvtieh yiteshas ome ool) OP iaaurirees 
eins dphgesi-ediosa ax nfl ouvin lll oil gah 
ovate thet te dare enw arr [iyiil eae dot 
niyioe a0 Yo sme salt ,ylonliie tnenly of 


ow Wom bad.  ynhnne gnivdllot suit no: edhe ah 


oolvad sere? tee cvmminie ot hirnlldo emma 
on. el buvtesdind agriurt hy nedtghearng oly gsobad 
uteialt Jabreind eM det stem ort We sohpeeninne 
wo ven Sor pyileneesq ae ulegh golidngir had 
0 view tal aaelainne 9 oemenayely getelamongers 
Ht gall) wadiy fegooun es Meekooy andlor 
vit beet enlywity mined) rw) ode So ooltallon 
oils irate wer te oN, jadrruyerrl ail dviw Mad 
Nine=) levine? HO al erprintndean eve erin sel 


Shne boven sweodmrimdy sand tlonion ow waldt -* 


hate! verge bel) onl poest. hee! welt Wo ema it nt 
Heo low tng ae wel fins fold a we yg sdur 
vol asderio) too ni etrrel colteay dma hea to 
etry rey! mm DONTE vied? fim ‘am own sll tom is. 
Y vanout tert rewon ettetal MH on gpa 
«fla. scinaety* ont qd bivow soins vith perk 2A 
th opel dood Loesicasily yh sel? yhulwomdae yltiig 
llypeal odtod brsput isi 1 sotyiler to taaoron 
wh eine wow benpiees once oft annimtoile’dl 
“nied ott balgh motte sd Yo vathw gdh eheit yaily 
baal soils analy paliray salt at Heiiutontonty hhemots eres 
0 eos tel frp penemerne alin anedd 
‘vet gy A herety ede set boeing bam boawerm 
Wt weitee ab hype wou eiow yodi” enneis® - 
Yds sonchorruily ined uehitege alitvoer trl) gain 


a ee 


18'71289 


PROTESTANT MINISTERS. aD 


votipathy could alone be against their religion. 
iliev only applied a negative punishment, ‘“ emigra- 
tonis privilegium miserabile.” But that this dis- 
rissal happened unexpectedly and under a very 
-lort notice, is testified by Scherez, in the following 
words :— The people regretted that we were not 
jermitted to remain @ week. They found it still 
tore grievous, that they could not hear our fare-. 
well sermon in the bouse of God. And most 
urievous of all did they feel it, that we dared not 
siminister to them the holy sacrament, as they de- 
-ircd, nor were even permitted to administer it in 
sur own houses, (for the churches had already been 
closed), to those who had made a preparatory con- 
fession in the church the evening betore, October 
24th. They took it seriously to heart, that some 
yersons of high rank, could neither by personal, nor 
written applications, obtain permission tor the cele- 
ration of the holy communion. May God Almighty 
forgive the cruel people, who are the cause of this 
harsh measure! Let them beware, that they will 
~me day be punished for it, by God and their own 
conscience. We have been compelled to suffer these 
things with great patience.” 

* It was very mournful to behold the many peni- 
tent hearts that came to us, during the day, ardently 
‘osiring, that as we were compelled to quit so sud- 
denly, we would previously administer to them the 
sacrament of the true body and blood of Christ, as a 
consolation in their future misery. When, however, 
they heard (which some already knew), that we were 
strictly prohibited from doing so, they left us with 
such lamentable weeping, that our own eyes were 
hiled with tears. Some honest Romanists evinced 

Di 


~The it-baratauil! Navn an. ete ak teins 94 


~ Wine yeh on! suit l a OF emma tury ema hie 


we es OO Tw yer? ,gatlqopaghtatesiel dove 
sncmo gyno ome 


oF aoe nM a heRpony 
Hany iid Wiigd at Anat 
“ania” » Preece yi ia vi vei a ead pai och 
seily eitlt, pelt ait. "yg ieee Mie 
“yto¥ # taboi baae Moonset » Sirois plaid 
Mapai lat wlio ena Light shad Sey 
AO tet aw 1a {stowage -shipang. aft A frne 


“Wish woigoil son Buia wil Halt ee eliey wrens 
date lithe shin So Gosek gut, ai ent Sp 
aime: Aisetuobs vf teks tibet yell Mts [EW Ro apis 
sah yail eu aemuteroms qligdl siete ateealY 09 adenieleatnile 
WY Tatettiuke oF Letetaxasgy meen apuee que ieee 
tise huavle Lupil sexily lt nut) sacral Mas r. 
Otte) » ole bel elu sontpor Heda, 
tedorn) witied pales ould dipnide wht Wi gidgo 3 
ounce inl kal ot viewoitee ti door wail an 
100 jInooeem ed tadpion bhuyo dae tphl Ys wer; 
~shiaoilt 6} Suizeioring ainado enattaphinn seine - 
Wily. botyal! .golgaanenos yluil WO dente! 
sinks Yo senses wile ore oll glqoog tne aie veins) 
Tew yuubt= att cowed sesde tad: fevnasa detest 
co Hid) hee bot) vd ti wh bodeiveniny nd pus wie 
gens wilhwe OF babies sediovanl wl  comtei eens: 
. “ectiaitainy Teg gle eesti 
og “awa wid blood or (atom yey ean Hi 


-bue 08 isp 0} balleyymen ova gw en del ytivierte 

silt ato? 0) aaisiuciusion’ yleuotvang bluaw ow tlh 

a 26 tet bo bagld baw yhod sunt ens to mn anirsae 
aerewod 4) resin nears eh ee Per 1" | 
aren om dat (rand ybeorls sane delle) ¥ 
ithe ea fol yault ge yoielh sottbgsilideng hole 


bsacivs ganas aie bel 


i 


Sa 


S 


36 EXPULSION OF THE 


their grief and displeasure at this oceurrence,* say- 
ing, ‘It would not fare well with those who so 
suddenly enforced the edict against us.’ As long 
as’ I live, I shall remain grateful to them for this 
christian sympathy. The day after the edict tor 
our departure had been announced to us, the church 
of the Holy Trinity, which had been closed unex- 
pectedly and without our knowledge, was reopened, 
at our request, for the purpose of taking some books 
and other things which we had lett in the vestry. 
Immediately a great crowd, amongst whom were 
some of the nobility, assembled at the door, and 
begged hard, that they might once more be 
allowed to enter the church, to call upon God, and 
to say the Lord’s Prayer. As soon as this was 
granted, they ardently entered the church, fell on 
their knees, prayed with fervency and wept bitterly. 
Some of them bent their faces to the ground and 
kissed it. Not a few of them knelt down at the 
altar, and at. last kissed the steps and the tapestry. 
When evening approached, and they were obliged 
to quit the church again, they went away like a 
flock of sheep in great melancholy, continually look- 
ing up to the church, and blessing the beautiful 
house of God with many heart-touching yet de- 
lightful words, so that I who was present, wished 
that thousands of pious Christians could have wit- 
nessed this their holy zeal and devotion! The 
day after the church had once more been locked and 
sealed, a few devout women, celebrated, miserably 
enough, their ‘ churching. They placed their 


* Not the inhabilants of Prague, Lut only the Popish 
clergy, and a few apostates, were inimical to the Protestants. 


Cuba ela We ke ae at 


*cocanst hydeweati Ginelt lacigh. Geplelte sonia) 


v2 ae OS 
cer Ny NRT, 

~ hie *whobrry) eta aeihd 00 

ie ofa agai ihity, aw . Cay 

= 2h ati. qth nitharea t 
hile tat cee ile ai Mlotuts oti 

nt gat gl ‘pour i Crs ow aie 3 

Vhomipsbseead » 201 4ot Teemeunlidnis gaye 


dusAnfioy ese jscabmbvranal hlealee (i tvat 
edovd etiteesunt ies Va seth five A2enpat mse 
ern t Othe ai: Sib hike sigh «adil “tate. 
wenn coral yy ‘thuanim ents tv vidailoneanl 
Li TO WAS dae pohdrewen’ ptiltchoy — Yo cmos 
wl ott sue selgior vode -dailt hogged 
fue J omens Mao an sitereude ads tote ws buwolin 
enn Wide ke noir wh none how tod alt yes of 
i 4 akevnie galt iermros ylaubre pode dhataaeg 
hard type hie youowrd veiw heyy evel dtodd 
hate howerg vit ot exort shodtaaed ome Yo - 
ah) i web ted molt ioget o sc gb 
eiteugae ot bemaqaer sity henats tal’ as has .ratle 
wrailde sow wa) bes temiqye yainevs god'W 
6 sfih vows wim volt ntege dowels orl gtip ot 
ted eHanvarlsenye jy hvelovenives ferry at qaads bo dood 
Liivaed wilt yeiaauld bins. abaetiile oade ob qu gai 
~ol 19% gutflowet-rnod yuan alti bo® Yo: senal 
ioilete tava ecw ody 1 sadpne ainow biadgil 
div xml hives sauiteinl) awolay Ww dbrawodtd sate 
alt 7 hus laos ylod ieds etd) boast 
dool mri ayou yore Luii donaiy see rahe ents 
Avthechyton moO wile wll a oles 


key bo walt bball iaiias ie sa 
daign’? wits ie: - eget Ww shes: wn 
onto ple HenaT ee esate area 


bon vegies 


PROTESTANT MINISTERS. 3 39/ 


infants on the threshold of the temple, kneeled with 
their friends, one after another on the steps, and 
alter fervent prayer, went home in grief and tears.” 
The final departure of these German pastors, and 
their escape by the goodness of God, from the hands 
of the military and their enemies, are thus described 
by Scherez:—‘* Most of the streets were tull of weep- 
ing and mourning people. We could scarcely reach 
the vehicles, so great was the crowd, and the win- 
dows of the houses which we passed, were filled 
with spectators. The enemies laughed and seotted ; 
the friends sighed and wept, wishing us legions of 
angels for companions and protectors. The Lord 
seems indeed to have fulfilled their wishes, since He 
has graciously preserved us in many great and 
imminent dangers, and enabled us to escape the 
attacks of our enemies, who were lurking for us, by 
the way, so that at length we sately reached Dres- 
den, where we met with the most friendly reception. 
When we and a few merchants* were about to quit 


Prague, we were informed that three detachments of 


cavalry had marched out of the town, with a design 
of pillaging us on the road. This information was 
confirmed the next day, for between Welwarn and 
[xitineritz, spies arrived, riding very slowly, and 
closely examining both our soldiersf and vehicles. 
They refused to tell who they were, but dismissed 
and threatened those whom we sent tothem. Shortly 
after, we saw in a forest, at some distance to the left, 


* Natives of Lower Saxony, who were about to return to 
their country from conscientious motives, having received 
the necessary passports. 


t Namely, those who conducted tL clergy from Prague to the 
borders. 


=@ 
- ae 


. “ater, all bays eeeure wilheaw deTg Oe yaalidae lt 


cow cotinine ehfT heer alt oo 2 gaigdliq oe 


ve BATE 

ditine bolosmad singer sibs Wold - 

bets saps sl hi shout Me. 
“atta: bing! tobe Hh) oath mea yas 
best reeteay ciaariet lh segall } 

aheccul i? inant ae 

_ = eer . 

22a loll wiser ede oan . 

gies ¥ TORY mall ahgorng Pore wil 


HE ctor venta, we dahite see yorh elt Jo'eweh 
poate ban wtigued esimoon sdT 21olaronge Hiw 
te azsosggal: an yoiulin oo toe belgie ebaori wile 
til af ancmujey bos enotrequnes. ail sige 
SH apaila eaddehw tiiit Lolli ered of hoshar antes 
bas tevrg eeu af en bortorerq lanoinep ani 
git eqns of en byuldone bow aispenh tveinan 
yal a tol petal oer orlyr esiatere wo te edsarto 
vert boione: bites oo digaes an-redh oe Aiew call 
muiagonet vikmuitt sue ont dhsiar tom ow onwibey steak 
alu of dyoda sen *eunndoioar st e hae age 
lo Ghhndect bends solr bow lisi men ow caper’ 
rytob a tie sever sd! Yo tug below had yleves 


bas nese) aeoweed wl val axon ads boneritinen : 
Laws -theraia oer pilin sbavirws woiqa. ssttonttind 
eolgidoy bam Taeiblox uo diod gainianxe ybeols 
ioeelonsile dud row “yods of tint ot bowie gull 
rtod@  .tnoslt et yag2 of modw sed: bonotmnult lie 
Ten Raat emer te sededh ra aen OA ante 


ob ” sre ole pvr emia neti © 
ilies gained Ite APE Realeenapen: ae. Mag” 


oe a te 


38 EXPULSION OF THE 


a great number of cavalry, who hastened down 1! 
hill with great noise and tumult. This somewhst 
alarmed us. But immediately after, God sent us two 
pious peasants, who shewed usa ford across the river 
Eger, which we safely passed, with divine assistance. 
though the waggons were filled with water, and 
some even were nearly overturned. Our enemies. 
who knew not this ford (for it was in a valley, and 
not perceivable from the road,) and had _ besides 
rode too far out of the way, in their attempt to 
intercept us, straggled about till late in the evening, 
and being blinded by God, they were unable to 
injure us; though they vented their rage on several 
villages near Melnich, which they reached that 
night. Yea, the Lord preserved us a second time 
that night, from the fury of Satan. For on arriving 
at the bridge across the Elbe, near Leitmeritz, sixty 
Walloons galloped after us with great shouting, 
incessantly crying: ‘“* Mordi, Schelmo, Luterian!” 
which sufficiently announced their ferocious pur- 
poses. But as we kept close together, and were 
defended by our soldiers, and had also sent to the 
town for assistance, they were obliged to depart, 
after vainly striking at the waggons with their sabres. 


We were kindly entertained at Leitmeritz for two 


days by a Bohemian widow, and then departed for 
Dresden by water. 

“In our hasty departure, we were obliged to leave 
our wives behind; and it was not till some weeks 
afterwards that they were able to quit Prague, es- 
corted by a few soldiers. They also had a narrow 
escape from a detachment of plundering cavalry. 
The road lay across a wide broo., and if they had 
passed it, they certainly would have failen into 


ca 


dy bala, SM a he ae 


an : 

t : 
ant io aii ao ' 

At Heeb fewstenl othe ocho ‘ , 

atirvnreee STE .olormtny beet onieay Seog: 

owen terse bo) sere vlseciiemeni 18 = 

tinh ears bo) eau bo weneote A20wRD a 

solanigiing sci vify site Aeamney yhhie oe stale 

yi sate ee belit sr eqoggew oth. 

Pisa wO .lomirero 7ieea stew noveamor 

hers ceoltiey n tt tow fi veh’ trol able fou aad odw . 

enlmod had linw (best vit mot. sitgrisatsg tom 7 

mt sqrt oie ni vee oft te tun a oot obor 

‘Raiiers witt ui ote Nii tyede beter. an sqeertted 

0? aldnat wre ystlt (bo) vd pebeild gaiet bea 

Leave ao age tied humive onl) dpoeds jan 

dalt durlaae vers sbsitty oletnkylt seen 

oat) bere n ad leviseng brod edt ae 

iris pew uted to rit ott mot Adgin tale 

ttait xtiveoiind waa edt] siz oven eglorat alt im 

puitwonl tery stior an wits bequlleg weooliaW 7 

“Tanivelil olatek Ao " sprees ‘yi itseescattt ~ 

“ng soto ahh bemreonce vitesinAtye dobby’ ‘ 

nee fae salemer Seiy sqod ew ar andl 2080 

wid OY fee eal. frat bien erstifos ane yd bobadeb 

rin a) l@ildn cme volt ,onmtaises 40 awol 

hep gr ult te grlliete ‘this rifts : 

1 ty ienkenoms Ybaid sew oT 
her w9dy bn wobine ppp rho : 


ksgaiialiinahsinaevints vailame 
adore wee itea0r eer t hen : bolle eoviw wo 


nel shyp.or libs ev mult tod? elmwreite 
ed band welt =e wea blioe es cae 
a ; 


mma Ne Semainidsetol a gos Seqman 
tad youl Leapend ahier » sectoral Z 
eutert = art erie " higher tite shrewngs 


és 


ets 


— 


PROTESTANT MINISTERS. 39 


the hands of the banditti. But the horses refused 
to cross the bridge, notwithstanding they were 
dragged and beaten; and our people were thus 
viliged to turn back, and stop all night in the ad- 
joining village; where, by the divine protection, 
they remained in peace, and the day following safely 
arrived in Leitmeritz. The cavalry, meanwhile, 
watched for their prey till late in the evening, 
but were obliged to return to Prague empty- 
landed ;—for which God be praised! This was 
indeed as the Psalmist consolingly says: ‘* The Lord 
will command his angels, to guard thee in all thy 
wavs.” These things ought not to be passed in 
silence, but published, with gratitude to God, for 
the cousolation of other Christians, especially those 
who are persecuted and banished on account of their 
futh in the holy gospel. For those that honour 
(iod, he honours in return, and suffers them not to 
come to shame. 

‘*A rumour had been spread with great industry, 
that all those who would accompany the clergy 
from the town, should not be permitted to return ; 
and some, being intimidated by the late proceedings, 
lnd us farewell at the gate and withdrew. But 
this manifested still more clearly the heart-felt love 
of several thousands, who accompanied us for about 
lidfa mile from the town. We then recommended 
one another to the grace of God, by a short sermon, 
and after prayer and singing a hymn, we bade 
adieu. 

* The scene before us, greatly resembled the one 
recorded in Acts xx. when the people accompanied 
the apostle Paul unto the ship, fell on his neck and 
kissed him, and all wept bitter.v. Every one was 


Lal 
ie] 
ye = as a 
« 


cme online ou 

eile serie ulejoder ue dene: ) 
‘bot seg in ol Aga ei oF | 
rao omc a vot made: mtlhe ping 


dabeersteareSltA yeh onl) twin otnoiy mi Iain yu) 
ur a, aft peed. fevinie 

Bittiaavs oes ai eae! Hit remy tied? ab detbvtow 
Squash we pier ot tetpiiio. vem al 
‘tan bt Phesiery ad bot) donde ve—:Fedned 
prods “peune vhuriigenne minibne') withelideetin 


yet to) of olueiiiers sbi sLeenit-itetuery hh srw dae 
sot. ellatoones ararterndD varlte Wo svnitadisnwes ili 
thule to thew Wo lodeiuel One bestainencrony gxdvivet 
swonud sett? weit sel Loyeoy vlad elt dbaline? 
of dont meds eniies bis ,cresen ab eevoned al ded 


' 


SB geignis bas weeny wile daw 
sitsibe | 
linsig 1 ordted enove alt” K 
eo aire cet at = | 


40 EXPULSION OF THE 


desirous of being nearest to us, and of offering us 
their hand for the last time.” 

The author of this statement, Scherez, at a later 
period, sent some consolatory epistles to the Luthe- 
rans of Prague, dated from Dresden and Mag- 
deburg. He died in 1640, as pastor and superin- 
tendent of Liineburg, where, in 1628, he had the 
grief of seeing five daughters and two sons become. 
In one day, the victims of a pestilence, which 
carried off there, in one vear, 7,000 people. In 
Prague he had suffered so much from pillage, that 
at one time his family were unable to leave the 
house for want of clothing. He was born at An- 
naberg, and laboured in 1609 as deacon in Arnsield, 
near Annaberg; in 1610 as minister at Schlackenwald 
in Bohemia ; in 1616 as minister at Carlsbad, (where 
he published some sermons, which were printed at 
Wittemberg) ; then as rector in Tachau, whence he 
had probably come to Prague after the demise ot 
Helwig Garth in 1619. 

Soon after the expulsion of the Evangelical clergy 
from Prague, commissioners were sent to the other 
free towns of Bohemia, who forcibly and scorntully 
drove forth the Protestant ministers. 

Among these commissioners, appointed for the 
anti-reformation in the Schlan and Leitmeritz dis- 
trict, was one George Michna, who went from town 
to town accompanied by a troop of horsemen. On 
the festival of St. Catherine he arrived at Schilan, 
and immediately broke into the church with his 
armed assistants, where the dean, M. Johann hKau- 
pilius, a talented and spiritual man, was reading 
at the altar the appointed portion of the Gospel. 
The commissioner ordered him instantly to be 


(—= aa 


‘Bae of morn a 
a Qirrettia Vo, tin alr oF seni 
Seu. el 
vtel wy oo ireiilee are rusted lo: 
~y(( tobe cal begat nag nies foreman a4 
nail’ ding’ WahwonS  mieues {uff Att ‘ea 
LEE aaah 2 (WhO Sal het s gudeb 
235 hid cal BEN. ark -ormalwt pondediiad, fo taeban? 
mohed amet arnt lum eondlynal att potas Iq ety 
ale pidilne a ty ealinty ye eu ste af 
al adetieq 000,T gesy oo at soeult Bo Deira: 
jill maalliy mow doce o¢ howls hath adougetl 
wt svngl tr aldauy view ytd eh salt suo da 
ni ipl awe st yaiiltolo Yo supe wl geedl 
bidet wi tenes en COON ad mere se 
hiawondedhiss i0 widawe: eo OLOL ats wor 
viedlw) ,bedabw') se mocisiot ep O60 wi i einradoll pt 
ie hotoing eww daide onocves exter bodalidag od 
wil won yodoe’T a) teres on el y qed 
lw sdarlpolt wefle supe: of .emon yldadowy bed. 


Hos AOD at die ginisH = - 
vorels Lnoldegyainst ols to holeluaee oils salle 008 


yovlier gar od hebet otter <ionoleziannos omgeyd . aot 
‘VAirtenage bie vidived oui” ntamalotl Wo saws soak 
eretetoin ‘ociesjord stly dye? aveth 
alt wit batitioqee etonolesianneg seal) qaonA 
i) gimemdial boe esliot ol) ait noissemotet-tas 
yeror ae sap lle yniiloilé gavoai) uo as ora 
0) weacitiiattod Yo, gears ya avod 03 
Hilt havin od naltedis® 18 lo lovited eds 
wil dite thookele SD onet ctor! -gloteibnatei. bie - 
aA aude, pods viola aiaadeas horris. 
uthao enor inne ddemlyige bun borate «anita 


utzwd inte “op poem sul seta e- ie 
vd on yfhauieni ‘nie 


SE TE TEA RP ANY TET LEE DL O LY LILES TE I ELEN, APL SE ES SE a ES TTD TT ATI TE BS CEE TOT TAY BEET) PS RAS ORM RII I TS a EEE IE Te ea 


PROTESTANT MINISTERS. 4] 


silent. But as the minister continued reading, he 
drew his sword and approached him, crying: 
‘Stupid preacher, cease to prattle !” 

At the same time he knocked the Bible, with a 
stroke of the sword, out of his hands. Then the 
minister lifted up his eyes and hands toward heaven, 
exclaiming in the words of our Lord: “Woe unto 
you who shut up the kingdom of heaven against 
men! Ye neither go in yourselves, and those 
who wish to go in ye sutfer not to enter. Woe unto 
you, woe!” (Matth. xxiii. 13.) But the result was 
only scornful laughter, and the immediate seizure 
of the minister. He cried: “I am ready to suffer 
this and every thing else, for the name of my master, 
Jesus.” They construed the words “my master 
Jesus,” as an insolent mark of opposition, and 
cried: ‘ The emperor is our master!’ The people 
stood trembling and weeping. At last the first 
council men came forward and offered bail to the 
commissioner, that the minister should appear 
whenever he might be called for. But he 
threatened to send him to Prague as a prisoner, and 
could only be prevailed upon to set the minister at 
liberty on the following day, by the intercession of 
some ladies of rank ; on condition, however, that he 
should quit the town within three days. Thus 
was this faithful clergyman, to the great grief of his 
community, driven into exile. He died three years 
afterwards a victim to the pestilence. 

At Laun the pastor had escaped, fearing similar 
barbarous treatment. The commissioner, accusing 
the community of having permitted the man to 


depart against the will of the Emperor, extorted 


Ee 


AA AN AL as ANAM ARN lk 9 i al A A i A a a hb NL ao Jae i ld a lll all 


eels onal Siar bade See 


<A RT A A a he lc dp AR A ae gl ls 


ss 


o~—— 


: _ - 
one amid ‘ 


i ton wibteals hesalooivol: wel sent pnawe of 2A 


wilt ood? shal od to ooo Jptews oalt Yo aulotia 


awe dal ens aowebalemodes 


eau wt > >: trend 198 to alinow 
loiltgs terval Wo pobeuil alt an po area 
ols ton eoviowwe atog tee ef loom 
moe aston ot tog lhe 07 ub ogeedalyiw odw 
mre Aeaws agit tefl (eh ities ultinlt)-“Yoew oy 
wie sigibsiead wilt bas .onlynal lviange 
wus of ybo aa 1°? shekooh sapeieen 
viene 9m lo ome oli sale pelle Bas as 
velsout yor brow ot hawseenon youl“ einer’ 
tai yaenisizogyn Yo dumm temloeak ae on = 
aljwng ols “I soeem wwe wt domed 
pe obtomad tA Sunpew hen, pntldetees peor 
of? ot died booto bas daaredt qango tece lomo 
conn blwenie- cueintar ode _ senainatommos 
al we ct inllen od ail tevonsdw 
bow dem erry.2 oo sugar a neil pes ot boxoteordl 
is wagered) toe of aoge batiovua od ylao blyoo 
—— ole yd “rob yaiwolled oat po ysrodil 
atl jl govowe:t montis mo ; dane setbel senon 
anil saya, svedls, ssistlve, even galt jinp bluoda 


wtih as re) 

rime, vr ball al: —— ttinw mano 
tet ilitang etitely « ebapwasdta 

‘abla, peaking amin en eae 

quate 1 pie ge  doocchowet werudand 

at eee imvhy guivads eo \_igwneroe ott 


Se 


bomvanvn eatiqiall at Iu ae" naga * . 


4 
’ 


= 


he, 


7 


79 


42 EXPULSION OF THE 


from them a considerable sum of money as a fine, 
and then formally banished the absent pastor. 

In Saaz the minister and dean, John Regius, was 
obliged to appear in the house of the burgomaster, 
‘and formally renounce all connexion with the 
church, at the same time that he was enjoined to 
quit the parish within three days, and the town 
within a week. When he modestly asked what 
crime he had committed, the answer was: “ The 
Emperor having obtained the victory, was now lord 
of all the parsonages in his realm ; and was desirous 
of appointing such only as should meet with his 
approbation.” Thus all the Evangelical clergy 
were obliged to depart the country. 

Of the progress of this event, especially at Kutten- 
berg, wewillgivea particularstatement. Inthattown, 
second only to Prague, and possessing an arch-deanery, 
having almost for a century enjoyed a pure religion, 
Wilhelm Wrzesowez, chief master of the mint, 
arrived as commissioner on the 22nd of December, 
1620. The church he immediately gave over to the 
Jesuits, and having assembled the clergy of the 
town, as well as those who, though already expelled, 
still dwelt in the country, he reproached them with 
heresy, rebellion, and other crimes, and demanded 
if they were willing to return into the bosom of the 
church; forbade them to celebrate publie worship, 
and added the severest tlireats in case of resistance. 
Hitherto no expulsion had been commanded, but 
‘on the 27th of July, 1623, it was ordered, by the 
instigation of the Jesuits, that the Evangelical 
‘clergy should quit the town before sunset, and the 

-whole kingdom before the expiration of a week. 
Several hundred citizens escorted them out of the 


a pla hl CN aM gal adie ae ed 


ae A Mh le oO ee 


Laks i eam ARI ae aL om a A 


es 


a ES a ok 


ao « 
aire 40 nora, 


sit 2 en yanon To mle fel vera! ar : 
vrotenn sevecic welt bpothetaced wal ren Pah 
nw autueed srierh agwak, bev sniblaiheg- oilh sual at ws 


oressrcryeed atts Yer aaatull oul axe-waegtpe, 08 se 
ait ive setgamttey [a ontusois Milocredl bas 
6) beni. so oe tile oer wteeas ods tn lonadds 
ome wl) ier evel soul) ciiw delung oft top 
tailor headlen ~pleebestet ot mel Apo & aateltlw 
alT* (ac wwsne ads jboriiutos hed sd gnsino ‘ 
trol wor 407 pewdaly oft boninide gaivnal wrequad 
epoties) ew lug ¢ ctloyt eid ti eogonommg ode inte 7 
ail dhtiw some blirod4 ss vloo dose peitaingge To 
vgtls leotivgaevd oi fe oll “noltudmeqqn 
“vimos ett dageb ot boyiide sew la 
engin A sa Yilnisoqen deem aids Yo ezorgerq ada 10 
arver ad! ol owersrotnderalsoirieg aovig lilyow ygred ; 
crmnasb-doronpoleaasd bi 20074 99 ylao brooee ; 
dioigites evade herojap yea» aot trons yaotvad , 
juiex od) ‘ teeom Yehlo wowoms  ododliW i 
stoduriowtl ho ht? ohlt-wa toroissietetog a Lovin 
alt on wre svey VSteibeatar of dovede aT OSI " 
ail? lo Totlo ait leddensven gored ine jetiosol 
sboliogss rhmwle vhgitt ode seovlt ee Ubow en arweod Ve 
daw arse) belgumqersil witusos oft wn tlowh Hite 
bohaeam) bas aoutiey vodso bas noillsdon pgasted. 1 
alt to need edt oni 0) gailliw srew yods Tt 
ayieievow aildtig sendolos o? aol? obadiet jalsuds we 
uunteieet to bene Wh amenlt teorvoe ode hobbs bos — : 
tid .bobcertatos poo bul ooweqe om anedti » ; 
a) 46 leveoleno. aw! CSO wei to aaTS ool aoe 
Weribencwe only tal gaiwesl oils Yo: seobtingiing 7 ; 
elt hare eens sotih avio oly sip Lhwoule eal old 
wa noivieniyaa: odd wioted area yene-Ee \ernb.. + 
Wu to wsitt Lomagae snoxitio berbitad tevowR 


. 


PROTESTANT MINISTERS. 43 


place. John Matthiades exhorted the others to con- 
stancy, in a farewell address on the words of Christ: 
“They will put you out of the synagogues.” John 
xvi. 2. They parted from the people with mutual 
tears and prayers. 

In other places they dared not even part pub- 
licly. They were either secretly dismissed, or thrown 
into prison. Some were only allowed to depart 
after several days or months, and then banished 
from the whole kingdom under forteiture of life; 
others again, ike Bohuslaw Boldwin of Bidschow, 
perished in prison. Equal severity had not as yet 
been observed in all places. But in August, 1624,* 
an imperial edict appeared, by which all and each 
of the Evangelical clergy, being accused as 
Tebellious and seditious persons, were for ever 
banished from the whole kingdom. For their 
preparations they were allowed six weeks’ time. 
But several of the higher authorities were even 
dishonest enough to keep back the orders for four 
weeks, so that many only received notice the very 
day that the time granted was expiring, or even 
later than that. Thus a general dispersion took 
place. Many escaped into the neighbouring 
countries ; some concealed themselves in caves and 
other hiding-places ; and even endeavoured to fulfill 
their duties by venturing forth secretly, for the 
purpose of visiting the children, or edifying and 
comforting the members of their former congre- 
gations, by exhortations and the administration of 
the holy sacrament. When the enemies heard of 


* At the same time as in Austria, where the chief Evangeli- 
cal pastor at Linz, Danicl Ilizler, was forced to quit the town. 
See Caroli memorab. eccl. i. 528, 602. 


+. done fue ta dot qd Jewresqae toibo lsitequni wa 


“qual “aot ennliiow Gib dbed qeenal ae guar tehandails 


2” J ee en ; 
ae aie = 
-10" Of atedin ¢ ate } mt f 4 kt, i 
+ sti uno els ies a mes ae 
evslenl “cesugonieaeys odt Wo ras ea E 
Lesstanese tine solipeeoeg ould voit Balen ott ie col 
__- apa nets ton bina yet fe ‘oto ‘al 
< eecenae dem eliotn celia (eT pe 


xined weil fu asco so wynh fevsves site 
ae 1. Semidhsst veheu urebadia slody ott mot 
vide te viwblod weleadoll edi .piege rtorse 
tay we dou bad ytinavoe leupll . .ioabay att heileiinq 
* 200! Jeowns oi doth .2e0nlq lle at bevteale aod 


2) neuen zrisd ,yyteio tanilegaavll ols Yo 
fove tel won enoateg evebites bos euoilledn 7 
tds HE worehrentd oslo ott mot bedaiand 
sustt ‘edly aie howell: eviw yet eiolteraqod 
aos sie esitivadinn ssilgid ed) to lever doll 


wey abt diigicharinae Uberyinnn ‘tad ox adsow 
ave wo quucties enw baterry davit adr tedd yah 
dvet woleepsih breanoy 8 ent? toda anil ers 
gohwedsteinn sit ott) beqese yuald~ : 
inn aovey at eyylearods halsssties eii02 viet 
ueba makers asragoadaenplal bas yemnly-paihid wilt 

esitub riod 


44 EXPULSION OF THE 


this, another imperial edict was published in July 
1625, threatening all those who should conceal a 
clergyman with punishment, but offering a reward 
to traitors. The former however remained dis- 
cretionary, and the latter also was indefinite. The 
sub-authorities were indeed very capricious, though 
some dealt severely with their vassals, and even spoke 
of capital punishment; but the reward they fixed at 
fifty dollars: thus otfiering more, than what once 
satisfied their prototype Judas for betraying his 
_Master. 

Several Evangelical clergymen were now arrested 
and imprisoned. The proceeding with them, 
generally, was this: they were brought before 
Jesuits and monks, who either by plausible reasons 
and promises, or by the most terrible menaces 
urged them to join the Papal church. The result 
was unequal. Some few, broken down and almost 
annihilated by the fear of death or lasting im- 
prisonment, and by insupportable hunger and the 
misery of their dungeons, fell away from the true 
religion. Others, by the grace of God, indeed most 
of those whom he had suttered to fall into the hands 
of the enemy, remained steadfast unto death, or 
until their liberation, which, wherever God re- 
strained the severity of the enemy, became the lot of 
some few after a lengthened imprisonment. No 
one, however, was liberated without signing a bond, 
wherein he acknowledged that his lite should be 
forfeited if ever he returned to the kingdom. Some, 
in addition, were sentenced toa considerable fine, and 
a few were driven forth by the beadle as a mark of 
disgrace. In 1638, George Eger, minister at 
Tetschen, was (together with his deacon) taken to 


fae 
ape > OWE 


q 


owe 


Ik 4O Pes — 


vil oi oeobeifihieg, gave. tullis ton ns | 
1 Lago dlotle ody smoke lhe 


braces ie ually sarc 
all) levine aeereeul saree 


wt T ibatolens enw oaln attal ek aasiees 
HM eceasbeoaytbrnn so or byealetlt erir extend perma ma 


oo Sieve tine aime s unglt din alorpegiaab aoe 


vy dre! Sal? treowert ea) Mia) en nr | saa Yo 

corr tae cvlt oes genity astlt zetalbgl : 

10? Spivended sul cohol ay etoeony “rust fino 
Jota 


Pees wor vinw euovertele leoilopanedl — 
ents siti pvlaaeiootiy oT 

io viguew Seow galt ceblt, eae prone 
ancesot aleienalg vd vie ode adam das stivesl, 
aque slinwet wed alt yd.to selon lane 
die olT — tlerwite leq malt ploy, ob cent begw 
vumnle lew awel codon wales appeee Bw 
ott gettzaal su diwali lo aod ade vd betgliddings 
colt baw wguvl slduroqqitgi gd ban.dasmaoing 
gov elt qmal gure ibnh srovgawh sind lo yageior 
aeouy Sovabo? bes) ty ooore ode gd ara) 

ahaat odt opat Mgt bonwituzdenl ad avo ‘osods Yo 
ve <lteoh oma denote besiagoy opens alt to 
<1 bo) ‘www aloide aoitwredil sist? Bgeo 
‘bo ral nh? oummed oemoo adt to quingwse oft baainate 
oY seeenestiori bowelrgaal a vote wel eesoe 
Aneel e yoieegle dncultrer bormpdil enw cwvewod emo 
6d Llumlewil @ht fais ‘oy had wonsan ot elwaseler 
ena ae vi lotta dad tae ti bevel 


han oat ooo bnonateen gen cudsibbeat 
Yo dom 6 em zu cd inet asvinh enw wal o 
“ah, talking. gine ood Beat al 

ot weeder (suet eiik sli. 1odtagod) gave. 


PROTESTANT MINISTERS. 45 


Prague, where he was closely confined for six 
nionths, treated with the greatest ignominy, and then 
compelled to abandon both his office and the country. 
fle was afterwards, in 1641, appointed minister at 
{‘rostau in Lusatia. 

But the case of Matthaus Ulizky, deacon at 
Czaslau, was of all others the most severe. His 
imprisonment arose out of the following circum- 
stanees.—In. 1627, a Danish army being posted in 
Silesia, a Bohemian nobleman, named George Tec- 
henitz, attempted to assemble the peasants secretly 
and join the Danes. He had scarcely, however, 
collected 400 persons in the Kaurzim forest, when 
an alarm was raised in Prague, that the peasants 
had taken up arms and were about to revolt. Some 
troops being sent to disperse them, they took the 
above named Ulizky prisoner, in the forest which 
Techenitz and his troop had already quitted. 
Ulizky had been visiting his sick wife (an Czaslan), 
and was just returning to Kirchleben, his hiding- 
place. He was taken back to Czaslau, and brought 
before the assembled authorities, among whom was 
Michna. On his examination, having denied, 
as he truly could, that he had taken any part in 
the revolt of the peasants, the unfortunate man 
was delivered to the executioner, by whom he was 
repeatedly tortured, on the 6th and on the 10th of 
September. He was committed to the deacon and 
two citizens who had turned Papists. The deacon 
did not so much inquire concerning the revolt ot 
the peasants, as concerning his clerical functions, 
and wished to know where, for whom, and when 
he had administered baptism and the holy com- 
munion, For they suspected him of haying been 


a Ni nl lr a a 


A bs Bah de 


= 


ab ore Thamaeda _ 


e@ tot teatace ¢hewl enw ed erode yiee'd 
gull ben vehamneept aenesng nals date boned satin 
oovieivo" oil lune ovtito el deel sobands ot bofloqiwe 
weed Hmeqque ED ai alneesoila ean ofl 

sitet ni neo) 


_-te=nommb otdaii] eniitie “Yo osas’ elt awil 


“aH wre thorn ott anette Ha Yo eaw: jwelens’d 
inet ‘geiwollt whi To ane aterm Jannat 
wi Leseoq vain vert dete) o SSOP wl—asnnte 
-'T egtooD Lown coaorston ustmoiloll » nieale 
vinotone entrenoy oct oldatasas od bonepepatie pectin 
vovswed heres bed oH oan od min{ doe 
nsther vaywot sistuaA ort mi adore O08 bytes 
ztnoanse adi godt otrgetD ni besten cow weds 0 
eno Sheet of tuode stow bee ene qa alt Lol 
silt dow? vadlt ovo? seveqeth ot sge2 pied eqouns 
doithy tere silt ssi enostny 77s baoven oveds 
betty thenis Bad sid fan stint T 
(ioleos’) wi) ghive aote attl pavdiely wood bed vdsil J 
<guifud sit uml deh 07 wetirsties few], yom bina 
silqnowl jee swleas’) of Arad ceeded eo oll oonlg 
acer muihy yen .couinedim belduroaen oily oled 
wie vole! coicthimsxe ht oO .onlsill 


siting gue cedns hed aid seds. bivoo yin ol en 


nom siewitiolis ods jetamanoq o1lt Yo Slover oils 


_eaw al opel yd xouoiieze silt ot boilah ecw 


to sOL at ao Lie ad silt ao photo) ylbotaxn 
bre stoop oi) oF bosimenos enw oH roduronyy® 

UC aieiqe'l berwe had edu eimsisio owt 
To syn lS Yeariosw09 oFipat douet o8 dou bib 
oienit Lecnieagbe ail goimsomos en etonemey oll 
onl» tna sane sol orilw word of badeiw bao 
sutuo apfod. bossseisiatho bud ol) 


wood aerial ‘Yo wil ae wt nono 


46 EXPULSION OF THE 


in the neighbourhood during the last three yer. 
and of exciting the peasants to insurrection; ain 
that suspicion they certainly had some gromy: 

inasmuch as after his banishment, he had wander. 
about in Moravia, Bohemia, and Austria, for near: 
half a year, but returned again, to be near }::- 
oppressed and afflicted congregation. Thev en... 
him hopes of preserving his life if he would be- 
come a Romanist; but God strengthened him +; 
seal with his blood the truth of his doctrine, in t):. 
same town where he had formerly proclaimei 
it. He openly said that he held his office trom 
Christ, and not from the Emperor, and therefore he 
could neither resign nor discontinue his duties as a 
minister. One priest asked him whether he had. 
after the manner of the Calvinists, broken bread 
instead of the host, and given the cup into the 
hands of his communicants? ‘ Yes,” replied he, 
“exactly so as Christ ordained it. It was my 
sacred duty to follow his command and his example.’ 
When he was put on the rack, in order to force trom 
him a confession concerning the revolt against the 
Emperor, and one of the judges, named hosischnik, 
exhorted him not to pollute his conscience with the 
concealment of any crime, he replied :—‘ Faith- 
less one, I have taken better care of my conscience 
than thou.” These words moved the other deeply, 
and he soon fell sick and died. They still continued 
to give Ulizky hope of a pardon if he would only 
become a Papist. But he answered :—* My 
perishable body is already very weak ; why should 
I protract its dissolution 7?” On the llth of Sep- 
tember he was led to execution, and the herald 
proclaimed rebellion as his crime. ‘* No,” cried he, 


q 
4 
; 
i 
| 


| 


gr to “VoOMsIIES | _ 
sows totila aaaf sult yntth. tnelaem rae 
.) baw DDotewrred! od enemas oiht ma oy oil : 
eoumy stip: bad gioeterme coksigans aa 
Lawes jul off Joonmiatnad aid yale an pate 
hoon vel ,abtian Gath siensihodd ah, sade 
wil 90, hoe yoteue hentuee dal yy, Tad 
Fg ro aT drelpeede berifite buns tyseaetqqo } 
ol bitow sil YF stil eit pnivysertq to asqod anil 7 
etd bonelygaste Lot oul pteinscwll « sorep 
wa wi sarapob birk Ww thiry od? boold eid dito lease 
foniaeesy vingmtetr bal of sow owot omtm - 
pratt sofiy Ad bled od andr bine vineqo oH. 2k 
‘ed oydierd? tae gomeqanS «lt mot son ban ped 
p20 eoueh gid gunttnovsth toa mgiest todtien blo = 
dent sal tobeiw arid boder teste ocO  asteioior 7 
beord naduid aitivivisD ott to conga wide wefie 
oils ofa qeo-odt @syig ban Jeod-oly Io hestank 
vl baile “ee f Sdemninien die ei to ved 
vor sen i! 4) beaiebio tend) oe oF yirexs” 
* alquaszo sid hen bermreaen ei qrolldt on vreh Lumen 
aot sot) or toby? nd glomt ony co toqpeew sd nodW oa 
sil) fective. tlover wit gpanrmonos noestaoy « mid: 
duly A bonne eoybo) oft to onehae zersqal 
salt tir oostsisenoo. ad atollog oF ton ath bertedxs 
tic “—: bailgst of emito vac Yo Insmlasonop 
woeroimaos vet Yo aan sotted radey oved T sino seal 7 


— qoeb zodte odlt bevent abvww eodT  “awods and wv.) 
hwunituos fits golT ~ chetb bas dole U4t doa oil bas 7 


—Ieaewenn of A iquT mw smousd ~~ 


: t hivow of Ye nohang @ Ww sqod eax ovig of 
ode qi, j deaw wor whirls +i ybod sidadiinag ad 


Jo GST wir aX nomnionih ai toaniorg tT  ' 
wily fine bet-eow off todmey + Ft 


oil bala "oA" -otine aid 26 moillsde? Bemlatoorg 


PROTESTANT MINISTERS. 47 


«| <ntfer for the truth of Christ.” When he was 
alout to be led from the town, a young man oftered 
hima hymn-book ; but the captain struck him with 
a stick, and drove him away. Ulizky, however, 
sang with his whole heart the words of the Psalmist : 
——* Make haste, O God, to deliver me, make haste 
to help me, O Lord.” (Ps. Ixx. 1.) No citizen was 


allowed to escort him, or to look out of a window as. 


he passed by, the guards threatening to shoot those 
who attempted todo so ; and drums were beaten, and 
trumpets sounded, to prevent any one from hearing 
what he said or sung. When he arrived at the 
rlice of execution, he said :—‘* To-day my soul 
will be with Christ ;” the captain Hlizowsky re- 
plied, “ With the devil rather, in the bottom of 
hell!” Ulizky answered:—“O you will hasten 
thither, if you are not brought to reflection.” He 
then tell on his knees, and commended his soul to 
(lirist. After this the executioner first cut off his 
rizht hand, with which he had, as they reproached 
fii, presented the cup to the laity. Then his head 
was struck off, and his entrails were taken out. 
La-tly, they quartered his body, and hung the four 
jeirts on as many poles. His head, a terrible sight, 
was placed on a fifth pole not far from the gallows. 
Hfis enemies spread a report that letters had been 
found upon him, which shewed, that if he had sue- 
reeded im reaching the revolted peasantry, he would 
have been sent all over the kingdom to excite people 
to take up arms in defence of the cup, (communion in 
beth forms.) But no one believed this, who had a 
jersonal knowledge of the man ;—it was a mere 
falrrication. Ulizky was a quiet, and truly pious 
Minister, who frequently said, “ that tears were the 


or Aa oe AOL ome 


| mm TEP : sill 
saree sock could“ sebueSeinesh: ade wh sat 
bvvedtin none yereny 9 cerret nile merit nd a cee 


i : an 


chile oid dowete atengeo ode tad 5 deod-norgl 6 wid 
swrowed wat oven ott overt bas dyin s 

: tein low’! oct to abrow edt rteod shoddy ail djiw wane 

Pas _-aesanil sdente ooo wei oF ho O titel odall 

— exw nesiioo CP relia) “Vina O oor ghd ov 

a wobalw wo two deol ot tw hd Mose. of bewolle 

ssotld tooila ot uniasteorttt elrwurg odd gpd broeaiey onl 

haw pretend stow enteral bis ; o¢ over bory amie cote 

Mott orto ying tievste of sbolenioe eduyenety 

olf te bowie od aol ooue wo bike od dle 

ioe gin yab-oT “—+ bite od senitiimora Yo wily 

<neysowosl lt wines oli “ytatal tie set thew 

fo aiortied say ni iodnan liveh ods WE brady 

gofect Hie noy ON berwenn ysis “Tiel 

olf “\nelnatter of digsord som swore WH ruliol 

6) Iie ei bohbanatmoo bits ound: iil sto ted awl 

vid “Re tua ter tonoidiosve ofr elds toll s-rnl") 

frarkomenyere yous vee badd act void alviw ,hinwd mbwir 

beodid wed'l  .ytiel old at qrie ods borer idl 

auo asda wow alienne et be Me Aone cow ; 

set silt woud bine pebod eb teerstreangy cot, dhieual _ 

Seals oldirtet 0 bavi aid, camteny Qeneens n He NV ony 

ewollag ailt stort iit ton slog stilt aw mo trvndy enw 

nosed bed evattal sade srogat a lng? editors ostf 

sya hed od % tod: ,bowsde dyithw seni! non broet 

. blnove of vrttaneesg batlovers silt gations wi brabevws 

Mf aigoa stinzee! mobgaid oft tove tates revel evra 

~~ ». af coleman) ques vit to sometol al anova qu odut at 

4 So tym ocd gaielt availed weocome sath (rite lind 

8 yet a enw tg tenee orld Tocogholad daneervay 

hoy cui fate ama’ sins a awe SLE mimmninlsh 
galt ons anaes dade Jina edaeiapil cul ,eotetnira 


sa 


be 


48 EXPULSION OF THE 


only weapons of the church ;’’ nor did he at all ap- 
prove of the conduct of the states, who placed 
religion under the protection of their arms. His 
father, 80 years old, also died the death of a martyr, 
at Prostanna in Moravia. 

Having already mentioned Moravia in connection 
with Bohemia, we will take this opportunity of 
stating, that there also, in 1624, appeared a_prohi- 
bitory edict against the Protestant clergy. Com- 
missioners were appointed, who travelled through 
the country, dismissing the Evangelical clergy, and 
commanding them to depart the kingdom. A few 
examples may shew their proceedings. Among 
others, two of them, Johann Jacob Magno, an Italian, 
and yet enjoying privileges and considerable estates, 
and Johann Ernst Plateys, canon of Olmiutz, came to 
the celebrated baron Charles Zierotin. This man was 
celebrated throughout almost all Europe on account 
of his wisdom, and exalted virtue ; he had been high 
bailiff, in the reign of Matthias, for about eight 
years, and was even in those unpeaceable times 
immoveably faithful to the house of Austria. Yet 
the enemies were offended at his constancy in the 
Evangelical faitl,* especially that he tolerated on 
his estates, twenty-four clergymen belonging to the 
Brethren. 

The commissioners demanded of him obedience to 
the will of the Emperor. Zierotin maintained that their 
business could not be with him, inasmuch as he had 
not revolted with the rest, against the Emperor ; and 
having never been a rebel, he could not, as a punish- 


* Thus it was also said of Ilans Dietrich von Zierotin, who 
wag, in 1595, high bailiff in Upper Lusatia, that he had been a 
zealous Lutheran. 


eds 


a a a AA kl i lL Reh ce pecans 


a 
eile 


pean ee elke 
~y Ube tread bib son % Hotels alter it '  vle 7 


| ao 
f jf ony 5isi< oily jo sont id > ot . Or be , _— 
a 7 fare right to cousetog od soba oorgiler-— - 
eign wo divsh ols doib one blot 08 asda 8 


sivewiabomeotwrTde 
 poitgsmnos si-eeuriol! henvitone Ybor gir 

Yo SzAritrroniye eid! edeo Hier ov jotmenlell dirw d 
~idorg & boweges ALO! ob otle oval dale spatinte 
“mS sveroly taeievert aly teategn tothe -protid 
devel: bellow ondw ,barmioggn emer sromoisem 
ven pxtole losikogame SL alt guizetmai x uawoo welt | 
wet 4. .molgaid act maqeb ot aed? yoibremeoo - 
arom ynitessong tind) wals yner eolqmmame 

peatlett os onrgali decal suedo!, wordt to owt ariiie = 

ties vitewshizgos ban exgaliving githyojne toy ban 


otaanes .stiimlO to some xvoteld aerate’ bees : 


sow met eid] aitorsbd eobted) sound benwsdalos ont : 
 daeose ao oqowal Hedeprale auotfguonie bowmidalse 
gid med bested pauntiv betisre bas »mobsiw std to 
nigio anode st raulowlé to agion ods at Milind 


Rute oldpoomeqaw* saad? fi nove sew hae a) — 
at thre. to semetbeds oF [itl iat-pidewromat | 
ait ni vonetecon shh tgabebrotic so eal silt : . 
fo batmslot od seeks ellwiggges ~ iti [ek va 
ot oF ueigaolsd asmeygiolo sact-yywt, > eit : : 
a al a wa erudition ® 7 | 
— @t syneibedo mide bobnameb enonviesiounes sfT : 
Yealted? homntaingns aitowiX commodo Mew ody 
YT bwul od <2 dvonteant uid alsin od tom blue aeoniand! _ 
"hae: : erga oft seniogn door ols dtiw botloversoa 
| — mihetenury tenth Ligou sa dedet 9 avd oven gaived . : La : 
OW Sle iaeniider tnt a wits ome an 
: — fait sd taity alge fel agi az iad > - 
a en - * te sities ae 


ha - 


_ 


_ 


PROTESTANT MINISTERS. 49 


ment, be deprived of any of his rights. The others 
exhibited a special commission from Cardinal Die- 
trichstein, the governor of Moravia. But he denied 
being subject to the jurisdiction of the Cardinal, in 
affairs of religion, and appealed from him to the 
Emperor. With reluctance, the commissioners 
granted him a respite of fourteen days. At the 
expiration thereof, they returned, and although the 
Baron had not, through illness, been able to go to 
court, they insisted on compliance with their de- 
mands. They left the Baron, however, the choice, 
of either sending the clergy away himself, or of 
leaving their dismissal in the hands of the commis- 
sioners. He said, that he could not, considering 
the clergy as servants of Christ, agree to either pro- 
position, but would appeal to the Emperor. The 
commissioners insisted upon executing the man- 
date, and went into the town, where they issued 
summonses, and sent for the burgomaster, ordering 
messengers to be in readiness, as soon as it became 
dark, to cite the clergy in the neighbourhood to 
attend them early on the following morning. The 
latter appeared at the time appointed. The commis- 
sioners then read to them the Emperor's edict, and 
demanded if they were disposed to obey ? To which 
the clergy replied: “they entirely depended on the 
will of God, whom they served in the Gospel of 
Jesus Christ. Should it so please God, they would 
endure the painful trial of banishment, in the con- 
sciousness of suflering not for any misdeed, but tor 
the name of Christ.” It was them suggested that 
they ought rather to reflect on the subject, and return 
to the Roman Church, which they had heretically 
forsaken. This they one and all directly refused. The 
VOL. IL. E 


_ Seaessicruos othr» sanetmulgs alti Jeroen 


_ Bhhobie yoveomogind spf wt t299 bon eseronnitme 


wh nal ,beobeins yom teh Jon gatlive to eeauenoine 


OO 

ab aausererie Themen 
vibe oT siibyte alk ta agate 2 » od trio 
«oil fanibia? ato eoiveemmecoe bi . a be didza 7 
fala od 10h niveroll gratin Pa 7 


ni danilvte'd edt to nolsibabrat ils toa aid 
alot nnd seott fvalasays Bere , Yo eridia 


ait 0A 2tah menrrucit 40° origin’ 2 nid intaete 
oil? distodiie ben jdourutos vods Jost aciterigrs 
mop os sida stavil eeoatl; shysworals ylinit hed now! 
ol weal slit eoaailyeroo mo betaisad god? ses 
‘seitily gilt teverrcd com ody Mol yotT choo 
tw vo Meswid yearn -rywla sdf qalbase iti Yo 
<eiurmses ait Yo ahead ott pb temndementy ioelt guiveel 
guiridanoo jon dlvos. od wed), bie 6H 2winnia 
<erig ‘raildie oF serge sil) fo einaree ao yale ont 
aT Aorsqmd alt or Jaoqas Dive sud woitieoy 
-ani od yittivezs aoqa beteien! eremoleaianaes 
bowest you? wrote ered ode osm) teow bun ossb 


smisood 11 ee mone 4y 2xsnibeve at of of eroyasezon 
of boodltmeddgisa ott ot ygrols alt orion of plieb 
oT -guitrom paivollor adie gles mods base ; 
=iaaios all domatoqa ns oraisatrae benonpye sonal : 
bus oily etomq 4 ont modioon beat gold etonoie 
duikw oT ¢ yada or beroqelb amar vod Yi boluemob 
ult 10 Lolaepals plovine coda vhailgey. yyrals ods 
to fuqeck?’ ot att boris ysl anodw bod Ww iw 
kao yott bok) semaliy 0 st ilitot® said!) sweat 
-noy ofl ot sesinleindd 40 Lele bMtatneg old oembeo 


tails acisagyneinte t1 “tala Yo ons sult 
rrtot bas org selon wo youl 


luvigonod, 
od T chican! bot 


50 ZIEROTIN S INTERVIEW 


commissioners then, saying they would allow them 
time for reconsideration, told them to go, and at a 
future period return individually with their final 
answer. But with one accord they repeatedly said, 
that they were already so decided in this serious 
matter, that more time for consideration was quite 
superfluous. Upon this the commissioners in the 
name of the Emperor declared them as dismissed, and 
commanded them, on pain of death. to depart the 
country within aweek. This was done: these pious 
men took up the pilgrim-statt, and the Baron de- 
frayed their expenses to Hungary. 

A remarkable document, relating to the perse- 
cution of the clergy on Zierotin’s domains, is con- 
tained in a modern work.* From this we learn that 
Zierotin went to Vienna, in March 1623, hoping 
that the remembrance of his taithfulness towards 
Ferdinand would produce a ditlerent treatment 
of himself and his people: these hopes, however, 
were not realized, for Ferdinand had formed an irre- 
vocable determination, to tolerate none but the 
Popish clergy. In vain did Zierotin, at his audience, 
boldly declare, that his Imperial Majesty ‘“ had 
repeatedly and graciously promised, to reward 
his approved adherence and faithfulness, and espe- 
cially to leave him, at all times, and on all occa- 
sions, free and unrestricted in the exercise of his 
religion. But it was well known, that he had, un- 
expectedly, experienced the reverse of this, in the 
closing of his churches, and the banishment of his 
evangelical preachers. [ow could his Imperial 
3 Majesty, maintain his reputation and dignity, or at 


* Soltl, Memoirs of the times of the Religious War in Ger- 
many. Hamburg, 1842, p. 97. 


Oo 
wns a yITORETS 
wend? wolln iskwore earls paiyua arodlt © 

& te ban .op ot mii No? 
‘tech views sftiw -rashivihet erwin 
= albotnawe vous Irevots. ao ultion 9 
uae eit ot behiveh oa gbgonte: ume 
i watiup © rug Mes taicoD Teh sunt eatarr sarlt pattoan 
wl ries abe eh aod) .anneieque 
fuer veel on pesca doteinol agneqeatl aut Yo seme 
ont freqeh ot dngl leming xo ,oralt bobanaunes 
ewer, etait coneb enw ail  .deow » widlsior yrtiry0e 
+h mel ed? bee Atore~orizy! iy oclt qe dood stone 
rogndh ob esenuqrs tind? beyett 

sneer alt of quitnisn aramimeb aldadnumen A 

-fio 2 eoiemol e'aioiS xo yale ode to aobae 
dal tel om ehiteetl = *.cuow ansbom aunt bentat 
* nino 28M dom), of want] or tnew alow 


4 


— dseesteott mewshih « sovhorq bluow basaibwil 
 stawrsired zoo geal selgesy sit boa Yorn to 
ni ne beorret bal breniiie'l 0 ,bosiloed Jon stew 
edt tod snom ounghered ,noitenimtstels ofdesoy 
 adesiboe cits nomi dib aioy ol oggrels daigod 
7 hal qtesjel4 fomeqnmtl eid tal! ilo ylblod 
Wmwer 01 jbezinrorg qenoierry baa ‘Ubedaages 

ogee bine seoclutdsiet bas sonsedbe- 
~t90 He ao bee aoenit He wm mid svesh of yllaia 
ani to seiom2s edt ot beminesoo bee sett ancie 
tin .bed od teds sword Mow ana tiau8 .moigilor 
ait wi vit to -sete7en gale tibatoages 
fo soomdsinnd sdeobem sodonutly rid Io gitieale 


Weigel aini bang well  awiivestq 
$70 Jeol i ctele aOR , 


» casi am cata ecnleehs sienna 


eslnnrot seoluidaad el lo sonenlorsctr oft todd: 


WITH THE EMPEROR. 51 


all preserve his dominion, and claim assistance from 
the country and the people, it the bad and good were 
treated alike, and if rewards were not given, and pro- 
mises were not fulfilled, to those who proved them- 
selves faithful in times of distress? By such a 
proceeding, even the most pious and the most loyal 
would be incited to rebellion.” The Emperor re- 
plied, that “he remembered and confessed his pro- 


Mise, to grant him religious liberty; but he could 


not now observe that promise, inasmuch as his holi- 
ness the Pope, by whom he must be guided in matters 
of conscience, did not consider it proper and advi- 
sable.” He permitted him, however, to speak on 
the subject with the Cardinal Dietrichstein. But the 
only answer he received trom him, was, “ His Imperial 
Majesty does not permit any interference in afiairs of 
conscience, and that they must, therefore, abide by 
the already published decree.” 

Similar also was the reply of the Cardinal, to two 
noblemen of Miinsterberg, who applied, by deputies, 
for the restitution of their churches and ministers. 
The Emperor himself had also promised not to 
quarter any soldiers on their domains: but the Car- 
dinal assumed that the Emperor was not aware of 
the state of affairs in Moravia; and dictated the 
necessity of billeting troops upon them within a fort- 
night. 

The Book of Persecutions gives the following 
interesting detail of Zierotin’s interview with the 
Emperor :—On his arrival at Vienna, he represented 
to the imperial counsellors, that the punishment 
which had- been decreed against the disloyal, was 
also extended to him, who had always remained 
faithful. But the counsellors, who sanetioned these 

E 2 


~ 


_kevetseoar alt bow anoity teoa St awre pgatbsso01g — 
“1 eeqmd odT “unolieder of beaten ed blow 


sdigin 
Ritvollot off seviy eiottiseeeT Yo dood odT 


an ROmRes aT Be 
inter? snantziegn milo bow HOTT 
riow lietry bes bed oid th olen ll 
amy ban ,coviy ion ovaw Rieti beytarn O97 
oniald boven, ow otodt or challittt tom oroW eosion 
we tine vH Veeewei Yo somnit of Tetdsicd eovloa 


-o74 eitt haeetioos baw bevodhersarsr of stadt .beilq 
ilnow off tod ¢ertedil exorviler actif Murry ot setar . 
-ilon ett es donmm-ont aimee tal) viedo wor Jou 
ersten nit bobimne sd tem ad ened y wih trol sdtuaon 
-ivhe bie teqoty at Shiewoo seer bile sometsaaas to 
no dase of yavewod wid bshiertaq el | “sides 
edie .nteredottiei lenileen) say clsiw trejelire ond 
tuiteqtl eth + aur mid inott herisny of yowanee yfaro 
Yo atisifie at sonorstretat vere tiareny Jon Bob 
vd shila artterodts sect worl aavdt tows oosioizenteo 
“aaT99b bedeildng ybsorle ods = 
ows of lenin ols 10 yigan edt ene ole tlic . 
zoitngoh yd Jbotiqae ody gyedrotnii Me to comsidon 
sedeicio® bow sorlotuds tigi) Jo moltatiiest sdt tot 
oF fot beeing cele bal Meemid aovsqel odT 
“te oft ted senhnetoh tied no exithios yas retieup = 
to steve Jom enw tornqmad of dedi bomuces lacih - 
silt betstoi bus ;sivetol! si esidlis Yo otute odds 
-tot 8 midtiw nod noqu eqoort gaitallid to ytiezsoon 


mth « 


ot) dtiw waivietul snitch te Tab paiteswtai 
‘hatzonqot ed emer in [ovine el w#O—: s0roqatt 


ein wilt orl? srolloeoweg: 
} | o ete peer te ould andl 


2 CHARLES ZIEROTIN. - 


proceedings, replied : “that he misunderstood t),. 
work of reformation, as if it were carried on merely 
for the purpose of punishing: it was rather part of 
that paternal care which engaged the Emperor tir 
the welfare of his realms aid provinces, and he wis 
in duty bound, even if no faults had been com- 
mitted, to provide for the everlasting salvation ot 
his subjects, and for the general peace.’ The Baron 
on hearing this, was filled with terror, he saw that 
the objects hitherto kept secret, were now to be 


made public, and that they aimed at the restraint of 


conscience under the cloak of piety. He did not, 
however, allow the matter to rest, but laid his com- 
plaint before the Emperor himself, who answered, 
that in obeying his conscience he could not act 
otherwise. The Baron frankly replied, that he also 
had duties towards God according to his conscience, 
and entreated his Imperial Majesty not to restrain 
him therein. ‘The Emperor said, he did not mean 
to do so; but as to tolerating the preachers, that he 
could not do. The Baron replied, he could not 
dispense with divine service, and for that purpose he 
required a minister of the Gospel. With this pro- 
testation he took his leave of the Emperor. He 
now not only retained his chaplain, Paul Hronow, 
publicly, but also secretly supplied the pious Johann 
Lanctius, who was upwards of 70 years old, and 
George Erastus, the superintendents of the Brethren 
in Moravia, and several others, in their caves, with 
bread and water. He even admitted to the ser- 
vices, which Hronow conducted in his castle of 
Namesch, not only his own subjects, but also people 
of all ranks in the neighbourhood, without the least 
fear of man. In this, he was imitated by George 


Jy booterabeates orf tad + bellque oa , 
dane wo berries grew 1) i eo seoiemnle ing af 
ws rue wodtHe enw at: geisledony Yo opaqang ont aot 
ot tome vl heaeyas toide oreo Ienpoteg toda. 
oe mb how 2eourtvevd few natan tithe wudlow ads 4) 
249 tamlabsd lust oe ti gers -baned ytub oi. 
SH sollerlae queitenbyy oils ae? sleep of budtion 

went aft “Smee leroy anlar faeeny- eis 
yah wee ed pvr orbiyw boll eaw 21) geitaed so 

ul ot wor orow wviove aged ntreibid etogitlo. ost 
Jo solvation ait a0 heomis yods rads baw golldne obeter 
dow bib ol. .vavig ts Jools odt tole somsiganoo 
-no sik binl and eet 08 tononr ofl) wolle 
hore ody Unemid sound sid swied salolg = .. 
to tot fdono ad oomivedos sid gaiyede wl dade 
valiy oat saekt-broilapare ane vowel edT .seivrtedig 
sonemar slot patbiogoe bot) abyewwed aotirb- bail 
Hiemewt of Jon yRoejal, latede Leal beteetta bate 

oot Jaw bib att shine sroysqarcl . ail T etter axial 
od todd eiulomong alt poiietlod of estud poawh ab” 
ton ble od eowd ofT) ob domdluap _, 
oil seoqrig fodlt tot sobriee ante thier oeitoqett 

~ong aide HiME daqeok) odt To totautinta betimpet 
ofl xoveqentl sult fo gyal eid tooo oh agitate 
nono lsd aialgerls ial boniater yao som woe 
immlol, eyeig ait hellqys+ ylio108 osloaud yzloiideg 
bee blo emay OT To ehrerqu eaw ollw ¢ - 
wordt tl sls to srobuotahoges old eudeoral » J 
tin zevao toda yerailio Ieovse fa, tis 
-144 ‘wht of Aotaienbiae wore olf, — nord 
Wu cline sid sd toosqubeos wonerTh doidw govty 


CHARLES ZIEROTIN. 9353 


=.dew baron of Slaupna, and a few others, in 
emia, until they themselves were also banished 
toi the country.” 

According to Pelzel, Zierotin was not onlya learned 
ian himself, but the patron and protector of all such 
ta Moravia; he had become a member of the Calvi- 
istic church, through the persuasions of the cele- 
iirated Theodore Beza. In the time of the Emperor 
Rudolph If. he joined the party of Matthias; and 
dso distinguished himself in the wars against the 
Turks. Although not a Romanist, he never proved 
unfaithful to Ferdinand. On this account he was 
watched at Brinn, as well by the party of Frederic 
the Elector Palatine, as by the Cardinal Dietrich- 
stein; as well by Prince Charles Lichtenstein, as 
by Ladislaw of Lobkowitz. Neither the threats 
nor the promises of Frederic, could induce him to 
lecome faithless to Ferdinand, and he gained the 

1. 


+ 


respect of the former by his firmness. Terdinand’s 
lrmieney towards the rebellious Moravians, was the 
eflect of Zierotin’s intercession. But he was quite 
as faithful to Protestantism, as he was to Ferdinand ; 
for when he was positively refused permission to 
keep a chaplain of his own persuasion, he removed 
to Breslau. At Kralitz he established a printing 
otlice forthe Moravian Brethren, where the so-called 
* Brethren’s Bible,” that excellent work in six 
volumes, quarto, was printed in 1679; this is now 
rarely to be met with, having been everywhere 
seized and burnt by the Jesuits. 

When such noblemen as Zierotin, were no longer 
able to protect the Evangelical clergy, then of 
course banishment became the lot even of the-re- 
alnine few. Their successors, with whom the 


ee “tommy em: 
: ai ztodto web w han . 
hwidéisnd ole stay esvioamody 


dere ciberd op aw oil an cralranentor? oy Leiria «. 
*! worsiareg Deeulor ylovitieng eaw oil wail awit 
boroinet oi vroieeueieg nwo eid Yo windymilt qed a 
wninaitg 6 bodsildares of stil AWA adlerth os 
Lsiiso-oe oni} stony sooo anivetal, oil W) vsilte 
“ x2 th drew tnollesxs sede “eld erdynti 
wonsi ail) OTOH ni baking ew yorLmp jamb ’ 
sila weed anvil iw dont od of” view 
: etal oy yd med baw boxes 
rnold Oa stay yritwwoiN ee nouolion lowe dod 7 
Yo ols oegrsle duvilegneva oils dy ‘ot abla 7 
“3 8) Yortove telcos vincoed tesideined Sewer - 
_ ait dawily iitWeyerosnonne tind P Swot yehvinn 


ss ; = 


54 DISORDERLY CONDUCT 


Emperor expected that his subjects would be well 
pleased, could by no means replace them. 

On this point the “ Book of Persecutions”’ has a 
very important chapter. ‘* The change of ministers 
was so much more painful and lamentable to the 
communities, as it was impossible even tolerably to 
fill up the numerous vacancies now existing; and 
the grief of the people thus deprived of their faithful 
shepherds was, therefore, only felt the more. As 
there was a want of respectable Roman priests, 
the churches were often supplied by dissolute and 
irreligious men, who were in every way disqualified 
and unworthy; and even such were not appointed 
in sufficient number. Thus they were obliged to 
entrust two, three, four, and even ten or twelve 
churches to the care of asingleman. Some parishes 
had, perhaps for two or three years, no pastor 
at all; which, however, sometimes proved the least 
evil of the two. Owing to this want of ministers, 
they at last procured for the Bohemian communi- 
ties some Polish monks, whose language was some- 
what similar to the Bohemian, but who were idle 
fellows, useless burdens on the world, and foolish 
zealots, who persecuted instead of reforming, and 
could do nothing but make a noise, destroy the com- 
munion cups, and burn the Bibles; they were, never- 
theless, ingenious enough in resenting the pretended 
ingratitude of the Protestants! These Poles brought 
great vices into the country, and rude debaucheries ; 
those especially as were occasioned by their celibacy 
were of common occurrence. He who had but one 
concubine was considered the most exemplary.” 

The author of the above document gives many 
instances, and proves his assertions by a statement 


{ 


SOE oaersane Sane eeew | DCenve B URTeCL ATS OtAESTTS 


Pet terey eee eres 


TOU HO neeiie eo 

low of bivow wovilwa id andy botoogns. ate 
ved sealeyrs enuocee on vd Jalen sawale 
x eal “emoltengere] io dooll * silt sion aio 7 
avapetenittt 40 agian il T -oaquia tazhogent yr . 
ult co =" jure Litaiey sium sour ge ace 
idiniat-aeva oldiaaogmit. ew Ji 2M eeiiessmenes 
fai wor ssivaseey exoxentien ont qu Hit 
‘ aA vials tc byvieeats vadt skqose add Yo Yairg od 
ah arte auld cet vino stele? 2ew eheniqads 
aierg mimeli sidemuyam te tue a enw onodt 
hie atnioesils ze hollguue extio stow eodonmila ont 
fobileupeth you wove ct-orew odw coor euotyilend 
betaioggm toa wry uae wove bag. ; pling bas 
of bagiide anew ot 2adT .19dexen, sanioiioe at 
view) & ont wove ime swol eon) wi dutta 
auisiiayg ae iearehenie « to oreo odd of esdonedy 

Toles, on cutie aout? to owt wh aqurbuay 
teen! alt boverny euipnioe soVowod loudy ; ie ao 

#orecuin Jo Mtew ele! paiwO . ,owhadls ‘alive. 

-nvnnoe mainpedeet ovr wt betunorg tenl-ta yoy 
-oriee enw eiumgwel deodw ,etoonr sleiloL omos =it 
albi sew odw di ooireulofl odd of colina tedw 
aloo! few Jwow git co anobind seploay ewollst 
hee ,yeineedter Go justeui ledusseed, ow atoless 
«noo wilt youaob dato a oulast ad gaidton. ob biyos 
~rveu ow tl pewhiA or aud bas, equadoiruns 
bobastaiy orlt gistneest ai ryuoces evolmegat aaoleds 
— Higtrow! eolo'l oeod Tb atantestord ods to sbatizeryal 
—- obi dm -yesop ae 

Tedd yd Detoieweo ovow eo visio 


tud bad oikw- ol OUNtTHi220 MOR 


Sepa ails borsbieicn enw idwoac 
(nia arte "ar an to rosa od 
nimmetee 2 yd eovony bas eanaate: 


OF THE POLISH MONKS. 55 


of the real names. Those who are desirous to know 
them may consult his works. 

These things are not reported by Protestants 
only; for even the Popish writer Pelzel speaks of 
them, when stating the events of 1625, in the fol- 
lowing terms: ‘“ However they had not Roman 
pricsts enough to supply the vacant parishes. 
Numerous and various monks were therefore 
called in from Poland to convert the people to 
catholicism.* They preached and taught, indeed, 
with great zeal; but on the other hand they 
led a vicious lifet Many returned to Poland, 
having previously either seduced or carried otf the 
daughters or the wives of the citizens.” But the 
bishops then were of the same opinion as a certain 
Popish bishop of modern times, who, on being 
reproached for admitting ignorant men into the 
ministry, replied: ‘Give me those that are better; 
as for me, I prefer having my field ploughed by 
asses, rather than leaving it altogether uncultivated.” 

George Holyk, one who, from observation, per- 
fectly knew the disorderly life of the monks, is best 
able to inform us whom the communities received 
in the place of the forcibly expelled teachers of the 
pure Gospel, in those days of anti-reformation. We 
will give a few extracts from his work, to enable the 
reader the better to understand the scenes of that time. 

‘Instead of our pious men,” says he, “they have 
viven us ungodly, roguish, vexatious, lascivious, 
adulterous, licentious, drunken, debauched, illiterate, 

* t. e, Romanism. 

+ Numerous examples of crimes committed in the monasteries 
are given by Holyk, p. 145, 149, 155; particularly horrible are 
those of the superior monks, 158. 


oa. == ¢ —==s 6) > a — Le >-@) 


oB 2ANOK HOWIOT auT, te 

woud of croesh ow olw seodT eeu Tao oft Wo 
aaiow ail slwenes Yeu minty 

HastetoT! vd hereqer dom ger egaida oeolT 

to cdeoce tosis worixw deiqoT wit ase ¢ yluo 


“lot odt ai A901 to etrove nde giritoee state eitroilt 


|, etinaq uuese ode ylgque. ob Agee avin 
otdlotad? sew édaom voter ban Srom0nZ 
6? siqosq. oft aorvcon ot beuloD awe ri bellies 
rbesbe! niyo bas belomeg vodT  *emabyiedies 
weds bom sacle acl? wo Sud platy ary ubiw 
cbasiol ot bowterter you }.S\) tiene a fel 
sit To Labrens 20: beonboe volte ylanoiveg antral 
out awti  ~ecixitio oft to eoviw aulhto etotdeseh 
SisMED 2 en KOUtiQO singe ott Yo stow wodd expouleiel 
pried mo edie weoinit mobo to godekh deiqu't 
ot oni oor immorgi paittinba-w boils 
Fieted sae daily cost Ser avi: hailqer prrtsiain 
+d deulgpolg blei yor gnivad. sinq 1 yom rl ex 
" betavinlienn twiltrgotlis $F gated neds volte jem 
“oq -hotteviselo moti ow eno dyloli 
deud ta zanour cult 10 chil eimabroeib gelt woud yitwa 
bevisews saltinumimos oil) moder en mevilat of obis 
ot Yo etyionst beoiloqxs yliliondh alt too wady ott ai 
SW notienricitn-itus Yo eymb: ovoils mb leqaei) ow 
at olden ot ahiow ail moi etemuze wel maviy lie 
Sant tes du egies oct Docsetoln ys tattod old wlaen 
ser) yor ad wens" ever asoiq to to huotel * 

ventoivions| eooitave? jdeitrpon sbhoyaw a nyvin 
stil: disiovdeb otouly apoiteosil eyerathubs 

| teaiigaam eoauenl 
One habs ye botiiewm + seraisa 
via sac dahahain otas001 abl ol anvig wa 
° 86h aderwen Tolvaque vith Ye owed 


Hewes ion boii yad? wvewolt™ xseret gniwol 


a 
= 


56 THE POLISH MONKS. 


9 


and inexperienced priests. He is ashamed, he 
continues, to state any thing further of their con- 
duct, but the slanderers of Luther* do not deserye 
to be spared by silence. He then mentions such 
things as had come under his own observation, and 
relates many striking instances of their flagrant 
conduct at Michowitz, Nemeklau, Cerkwitz, and 
Klobik, which we will not insert here. 

After this he continues: *‘ The most of them were 
addicted to drunkenness, and scarcely a day passed 
in which some of those, whom I knew, were not 
intoxicated.’ He then treats of abominations in the 
monastic life, and giving the real names, states nume- 
rous cases of crime in the monasteries, especially 
among the priors of the Dominican order, with which 
he was best acquainted; and adds that in orders 
less strict, it was still much worse at confessions, 
pilgrimages, &c. We shall make no use of such 
facts that are also sufficiently known from other 
sources ; but on the whole we ascribe the guilt and 
responsibility of such repulsive crimes less to the 
offenders than to the cruel authors of celibacy. 

We have mentioned these circumstances only to 
shew how little Ferdinand If. really promoted thie 
true welfare of his subjects, by the expulsion of the 
Evangelical clergy, and the appointment of these 
new priests. [venas late as 1645 there was a want 
of clergymen ; several towns, for instance, Reichen- 
berg, Benatek, and Lissa, being supplied with knights 
of the cross and others from the monasteries. 

Among the expelled ministers was Samuel Mar- 

* The people of the Popish districts still believe that the 


faleehoods which malice invented concerning the vices of thie 
great Luther were really ¢rue. 


Pgreorieers 


ble 


ade ied a al al Md 


SS ee. = & « aes 


®. a 
Auviow waTiod our 8 


+ 


wil. fates ai oH “seat boontehagzont bas 
ne Tigilt Wo wolitnd wail) yas oneal eotsnigai99 


oraegh soa ob “soled to arwhewke alt dnd south 


fait ecolnent nedt oH sonolia gd boxege-sd od 


hin .oltevweds ow etd toban antes. had ay agent. . 
tawryell yoda 30 ssenesten! gaidite yoom essen 
izaettivdie .vsblenrey. .xttvroleilt a6 
vw trseai io@ Uw ow datsbw 
eter nod? Yo sane ool + conatiaoo of ailt hth 
hyseny yah « thot hin @2oomsdauth of bunihke 
tog seen orsed 1 mtoda, esodt Yo. sarce douly al 
ad) ai eenreniqode to ziszett aadlielH ~" boteslzaial, 
~srapiieotute 2ettatt pet oct gnizig bee Sil oitznaom 
ylsinwyss weretenioo sit ni smite Yo cos ener 
lloinder dtiw ashro nesininied ods 10 sain add geome 
elo oi silt ebbw bie + boteisupoe dead cow-odd 
andes te sarow abou [lite enw ai torte opel 
thoue ‘to sew On gear iinle » od aopen 
qalte ovolt avond fnunigiisa onlp ate apeli 2 
hie sire ailtodinen oer clon off no and pzopenea 
at) et @ol eothosevielugs: douse te Yi 
crasililso To eteliwn foirts ody on rads. 
ovine asameteniiont® geod) bsaokaga own. Wi 
A Le LL brestibs olstil mod woda 
ail! fo aoielnqies sdved ato sjelue eid 20 onsttlow omrrt 
Iasilegnsy 


cei? to gréeemnioggs ail? bin wale 
tune nv anw stoi? E01 esos) eooovd setesing wen 


soleil sonatent 16h eave lrwyse to 
evilyind Ati boilqepegeiod jneril ane Yea 


aonsiennton: od) muit ero bossa edd Yo. 
abt founnae ean erielnien bollogxo oft yank. 


SAMUEL MARTINI. ave 


tint of _Drazowa, pastor of the Castulus church in 
the old town, an excellent historian, to whom 
Pelzel dedicated a particular memoir in his “ Bio- 
sraphies of Bohemian Literati,” (i. 15.) His 
father was minister in Horzowitz, and Senior of the 
Beraun district. He was appointed, by the di- 
rectors, assistant to Rosacius, and in 1618 he re- 
ceived the above mentioned clerical appointment, 
together with the assessorship of the consistory. 
A great blemish in his character however, is the 
hatred he expressed against the Picards or Brethren. 
On his flight, he turned to Altenburg in Saxony; 
afterwards he went to England ; and was eventually 
raised to the nobility, and appointed preacher at 
Pirna, where his family have flourished during two 
centuries.* His grandson was primary pastor of 
Zittau. 

Pelzel, in the work mentioned already, relates of 
this distinguished man the following occurrence :-— 
‘* When the Saxons in 1631 had taken possession 
of Prague, he returned thither once more with 
many other Protestant clergymen, who had escaped 
from Bohemia, and was appointed minister of the 
Yein-chureh, director of the then Protestant Con- 
sistory, and warden-of the Prague Academy. 
When, by order of the Elector of Saxony, 
the heads of those distinguished men who ten 
years before had been executed in Prague, were 

* See, concerning his family, Schroter’s History of the Exiles, 
293. His widow lived in great poverty with other exiles in 
Zittag, until her sons were able to provide for her. On his 
monument at Pirna he is called ‘‘ Theologus inter Bohemos 
excellentissimus, Consistorii Pragensis Lutherani administrator, 


ecclesie cathedralis ad letam curiam pastor, collegii Carolini 
magni prepositus.” Ife dicd at the early age of 41. 


te een saumaR oO 


ei dotuds suluten’) oe Yo soteey ewe Yn inix | 
. 


moly of vetted tesiisozs ma jewot blo ols 
-018 * ail wi vom trlasitiey a hetevileb loxtol 
“1h 86(.60 1) “jternihd  estodiell We aatilqety 
edt to voine? bn xirotrol aioraieinfar dew radii 


_sibeet vd jbetaiogge sev off aottath sumull 


“i of 6101 oi ban aiiereof oF Mniiéiees .etoton 
dnvetaiogys losiwhy benoitsonr srade odt bowie 
erojaianes sat Yo qilewsmeen aif alfie tedtag 
wl} ef yovewol totortnls sfc of delet avrg A 
ateyndpontl to ebreoi Sit tenieye beeeornqzo ad haar 
pyrene gedeolA or bumntt sil tihgif eid al) 
Wlawtonve eae bon ; Snolpad ov teaw off alrgwtotle 
6 Talwar hoiniogqes baw y7iifidor et of brim 
ove pebinis bolerwolt svat glia aid otodw warsi'l 
to Torey pruning enw noshanty eH *.2ernetaes 
| rei 

Yo eotolet ebevtic boxoitaom ator odt-at Joslod 
— sonore ger wollat ydt nen badatergniteih ists 
nvissoraoy wodet bal (SOL ot enoxne alt aod’ © 
(thy etm sono redid: bento sil jorgel to 
boqaoes denil wily csirroels tetaston! sulio -yannt 
st Tocmmeintin betniogqn sew bart siede mit 
“00D tremeterd cols od? Yo totem slounts-niv'l 
veaobesk sopel od) to neine® baa opwit-ie 
“exe! to sets! off Yo bre vd sol 


ned otlw own beleiogitizveth “oaods Yo ebuol oils - 


mon suet ni betvsszo néed Beil ordled exer, 
sete oilt hy poll #9 .dadok yliondl Bitinronaes os8 * 


“at whive soubte Whi qreevoq mats *wobiw alll ree 


ed oO eka) ching ct side ove eee tod fino waniX 
womaitall T" bolle wi to donauaem 
choton sabe wacoger'l 2 


ito?) ‘ mahuo : 
-lete ope thas ody Bs ere 


4 


58 THE BOHEMIAN EXILES. 


eee rste ce 


taken down from theiron pikes over the gate of 
the bridge, and buried with great ceremony in 
the Tein church, Martini delivered an eloquent 
speech to the people, in which he praised the | 
heroism of those unfortunate men, who, as he said, 
had sacrificed their lives as martyrs for their reli- 
- gion and their country. The next year, however, 
an imperial army came to Bohemia, and drove both 
the Saxon forces and the German clergy a second 
time out of the country. Martini then went back 
to Pirna, where he died in 1639.” i 
A great number of citizens followed the expelled | 
ministers with their yet remaining property; and 
many concealed themselves in the mountains and 
forests of Bohemia. In hopes of better times, they 
took with them, wherever it was practicable, the 
communion cups, and also the church registers ; 
hence it is accounted a rarity, when, as in the town 
of Gabel, the Evangelical registers of baptisms and 
burials are yet found. Several have been met with 
in Saxon towns, (near the mines) and an important 
copy of the charter* has been preserved in the town 
of Zittau, either from the papers of the banished i 
minister Fleischmann, or more probably of the | 
former administrator, George Dikastus; as well asi 
copy of the now extremely rare “ Brethren’s Hymn- | 
book” of 1539, of which some passages in the com- 
munion hymns, that savoured too much of Calvin- 
ism, were struck out with an angry hand by 
Michael Weiss. 
“When the venerable clergymen left Prague, 
_ (says Holyk) they were escorted by hundreds, ye 


_ * See the first volume of this work, p. 177. 


ee 


20428 KANRROS anT mb od 
Ww stagoadr tere sodny wont silt emovt -sigdat 
si yeni toon dtiw bead bow oaks 


imply we hereriieh intial. aloupda gig odd 
alt hesiety od iionia at ,siqowg ot of sdooage 
due of 0 ode sone sienutvelow geodt te meted, 
cise aigilt od arysron 20 eyvid tind? Deftones fund, 
sero sy teen edt operas timlt bag nom 
tind vvorb bos wimedod of ames yore Inneged on 
jinome » yytoly mone oc, bow etl sexed ods 
dowd teow oodt ini -ctinuoo oft lo tuo ont 
“0801 ai betty od sxodw aot of 
inliogzo oft bowolist emasitis to milan ety A 
hee 7 ureqong, peimine: tov tiodt sive expteigiat 
lms auitauom edt at 2etlsamed? balesowo, qiaat 
vad) 2unid totied ty zeqed ol  .sinmilefl to atesteh 
sili oldavitomg. enw 0 terviedw ad? atin loot 
paxeteipse downs dy cele bow quo wolinwasmey 
wot of? ai an aetter yyarur: o Gotanasoa ai ti goed 
bas eomitqad jo ereteryos lovilsgaavel alt a 
iti rom aaed seal Iimeyo4 back ay ora 
tonrinpon ao baad sorinn oil! toon) anmot ui 
yor uly of bevieer aed end “otters lt to yqoe 
dtaletcind onl} fo mpyay acl? utoti ratte aati To 
il Yo videdow arom, 10 .woculseolE sodeindar 
ben low an penptendiG sow) sortsiaioba tome? 
“tari a nerndtorl “ores ylonetxe weasdt Io yqoo, 
“109 orld ot eoguaeng ana doulw io QE8L Iw “stood 
wre Yo deum eat Bowe roe tals oud gota — 


“1 bowl yrpee cm altiv 10. dourtie htt 
atin 
miger] diel nomggtily oldwousy. silt ee 


ee bribcnd aah real (aol ey) = 


AU otool eid Wisitdten teh wis aa * rade ; 


- 


ae on 


cone 


THE BOHEMIAN EXILES. 59 


even thousands of their pious hearers, who had 
already heard of their impending doom, namely, that 
every one who was unwilling to embrace the Popish 
religion should take his wandering-statf and depart. 
When they arrived at the “* Wlite mountain” near 
the Kleinseite of Prague, they all stood still and 
heard, with tearful eyes, how their beloved ministers, 
in touching and heart-rending words, bid them 
adieu as members of their late congregations. 
Some of these had, in that grievous persecution, 
voluntarily forsaken their country, whilst others 
were yet willing to prove whether they could remain 
at home and continue in their religion with safety, 
and without hindrance; and had merely come a 
short distance with their departing friends and 
acquaintances. These were most diligently ex- 
horted by the ministers to preserve above all things 
the acknowledged and confessed truth, and not to 
be led astray, either by compulsory or persuasive 
means. O! how great was the misery, how bitter 
the tears that were shed—how fervent the cries 
towards heaven, when such pious men were com- 
pelled in this melancholy manner to quit their 
beloved country for ever ! 


“It will easily be imagined what a scene of grief 
and sorrow was exhibited when the husbands parted 
from their wives, the fathers from their sons, the 
mothers from their daughters, the brothers from 
their sisters, in order to go forth to the wide world ! 
The closer they were allied, the more difficult was 
their parting. Parents were sending their chil- 
dren into a strange land, without knowing who would 
take pity upon them. 

“Some one will, perhaps, object,’ continues 


__deetine boo He yod eogesd Vo Gtiomuiold ‘ody - 


des ebaseit gaimageb tied dtiwoopittetcih sroila 


Lalarenoy 


a 
a ers Mane 
hel ode crotesil evoiq aiedt tranvonlt ave 
deilt pelonran smoob gi weep erie Yradld Yo by woul ybacrta, 7 
diye onlt serio 09 pailtivenm aw off ono yerre 
aieusb bos Hotesparshaaw el adit bliode aomihn 
wor “wisauoer oil * gilt te hevires gould ned 


7 1 
me: 


ss ad 
ne : a 
a a 


aie - 
bY 
>. Oo. 771 


srotzininn hervolod tit wod sereoleibtest saie cbayesd 
mole bid ehiow gaihaommend bee grideuot ni 
enotuyotgnes oil weds To etdniein on oils 
Aieiussereg evoverg taritni bed denlt Yo sae 
erie jelidw yritones siedt aolierl vlitatentoy 
sinnsat blaoo yous toisoier aveny ot yerillive 19° ora 
tiles itive norgtles visit af oetniites has optod tn 
n smoo viensit Let Dae yeomethntt tuoitiv~ dns 


~xo veogiih seorm sts7 tell eomasmiaupas 
egaidt Ils syods wrioesy oF evteiitiae adi yd hotrod 
0? Jom tue wont beeesicoe bin heghalwordos silt : 
viewer] te Yoeluqaros .yd taylto syettan bol nd 
rid woil griesia: silt enw aeatg wod 1O  emmou 
e019 salt tuteveg! wod—beda orp aadt ant. .onlt 
-i0o satw fee evoiy dene marie teva alytmwol 
tial? fie ot wunsor ylodomelon: silt at hollog 
ee auvs sok yrieeroo bovelsd : 
lettg to attest ns sud boaigentivod ylienw Hive 31“. 
bosung ebaerdens!ods ceulw boride ame worse bus 
ola nde civil sort eradtét oft eyviw-tinds mot 
sont evodtond ott jerotdyuety aise, mod erdsou : 
i hepa cnet og OF tebe at jayataie tivil 
at Byoitil stom adt boille sew oT 
-hity ties gaibose sow enol  .poitven sivils 
woud 1woidsiw baal agurttes otal amb 


as 


aa i, 
a. | 
‘| 
60 THE BOHEMIAN EXILES. 
Holyk, “that all this was done by the personal i 
violence and-.arrogated power of the soldiers. But 
it is evident from the ‘powers of attorney,’ or 
‘diplomatibus,’ which have been issued at various 
times, that it was done by given permission 
and even by command. Thus it is contained and 
stated in the edict, issued in the year 1624, that all 
and every one of the Evangelical preachers, should 
for ever be banished from the whole realm, because 
they were mutineers and misleaders of the common 
people ; and that no one of them should, without 
incurring capital punishment, remain therein after 
the expiration of six weeks. 
“In short, the shepherds were smitten, and the 
sheep were scattered. I will now state how they 
treat the servants of the Gospel, if any are yet found 
concealed in Bohemia; and how they proceed with 
the priests and the clergy of that country, if they 
are detected in favouring Protestantism, or even if 
they are only suspected of doing so. Concerning 
the first, I must contess, that I have seen many old 
men in Bohemia, and have also been with others in 
several places, especially in forests at night, when 
they taught and preached to the people; but never 
has either the minister, or any one of us been seized in 
the fact. But while attending the school of the 
Jesuits in Pracue, I heard that two Evangelical 
preachers, who liad celebrated the communion in 
the forests, had been brought to Prague, and there 
imprisoned in the hall of the new town. One 
-of these two delivered a recantation sermon, and : 
-was obliged to beat his mouth, and confess that : 
every thing that he had taught, and whereby he 
had misled the people, was false. But I lave not 


i! 


etl? Se pargarl ul vulseevored-amidl Hol treo elt 
Se eee west dds So Mi ail tat 


etares ys eauor 


(ouverts silt rd ant sow atl 
iolf neethhae salt Yo orroup Sekengenrst. 
40 *“eatrovth To exmereny* Mi eds iar 8 
aueiw tc Dewwe caf wai davia.”. ; 
wrote trea] vie @l snob een he tlt 


_ Pesaran Can ‘endT Hornets ek abeew hoa. . 
“Tia tal? oa) They wilt mi Bodedd tothe sal ob fekesy 


bined jeroilnanny Hoiientieval wilt toane crave baa 
cong) nlert ale’ lr noth betdambod wo 10 
nour Sit “We crwhiolia her eaoaeen serm godt ‘ 
iwetiw Mute world to oto na potlt tuts ; Aqueq, 
soll mieted? mioraier ,Sosnrdfaising  yeriatamnes 

sind male evsitertigen sil? 
ail? haw pauline ose Anodigade wt, rads al 
volt wail oui woe liw T ieitise wi qyode 
ssandt wwe ehryne Fi Aoqeot) silt te © mmpee one toot 
hii biisoty vod? vod bow ; sibel, al Golenapon 
cnt crete tail Lo eyes: als Damn atesinep edt & 
Ti ove Yer aebomteororl yaiiiorsl al hettored ote 
yeiareny am wick IO hatevgeue yloo ono yods 
bie ennny aes oval | tod? pede eo’ ted ods 
iti ature albened! otn ovat bite iarndo€)et com 
ecsdw sityiate ehectot ne ¥Thotoages eriely lovee - 
rave ind palqoeg ot: of badoning bap signed ods : 

a} beysin ote 2x1 loon vaso asieinin ott toltioned =~ 

elt Yo fies wilr pallens obit goth tosh edt 
lnotivgny Gwt teds fruod 1) wirget) ai etinnal 
ai AOU it etiendolse’ bint oder wradonei 


“Hoe wutews Gites: @ levis wt qende Yo! 
pal celta sit (Romwar sit tamd ot begitdo aew- 
mi ydoud® ‘bes | Lat oof tents quai oo. : 
ing oro 1 ae uur. nligagg. 


oo. 


7 


ek rar rae 


THE BOHEMIAN EXILES. 61 


teard what was finally done with him and his com- 
panion, It is, however, very probable, that they 


did not escape a terrible and ignominious death. - 


But how they proceed with their own, (2. e. mem- 
bers of the order, if suspected of leaning to the 
Evangelical church), when they are detected, that I 
have witnessed with my own eyes. They do not 
decapitate or burn them, but proceed more leniently ; 
keeping them imprisoned in an artful and cunning 
manner, some until their death, but others only 
for a short time, or until they are again deluded 
by deceit, and -by flattering and enticing words. 
All this is done that their order may not be 
degraded and despised, nor be ridiculed by others 
if they should have to burn a frater (or brother) of 
their order, as anapostate. Besides this, they would 
incur the hatred of the common people by their 
violence, and the parents-of the victims might not 
leave them the property to which the son, and their 
church through him, would have a claim. But 
although they do not kill such as are suspected 
of Lutheranism, but proceed with them, as they 
say, mercifully, they still exercise the most terrible 
cruclties in their punishments.” 

We shall here insert an account of the expulsion 


of the Protestant clergymen from the domains of 


Wallenstein. The chief among them was the Super- 
intendent Gunther :—He had been minister of 
Moglen near Annaberg, and in 1615, through the 
recommendation of the Saxon chief consistory, 
was appointed by the Baron Christopher Radern 
superintendent of his domains of Friedland, Rei- 
chenberg, and Seidenberg; the two former towns 
being then also of the evangelical church. He was 


r pe 


1 Suis Mae aie 8 


~cnom etd bien avid sbiw onol yflaeh eth danlw ferent 
vl indi sidadowy view esol et oT catalan) a 
diab evoiniinerg: bum aldivtet’ a senses t6n Mil, 
“aren 9 i) swe tote thtiw bysoote eaedt weal dt] 
wl! ot gine! Yo betvaaqene obi od to eal 
Lei botasieb one yanks aeaber Stents teotloganrd 
jon ob vod T ays Ie ver Hy tessatio oyul 
2 xtoinal svour beaveng tid areal ened wy oratitiensh 
goiqwe bes Litem we ni beoebetn mode quiqnad 
vino etorloo gol vlieeh seals fiteeonma penne 
iebuleb aicge om godetitan 1 etait stoke e wi 
lave paisinm baa goivonalt yd baw jsiovels yd : 
sd sow vaie: tabro sied? dads ooh af eile UA 
esto! belwobin od som jfsetqash ew bobs 
to (aothion! 0. rdw a erud-oe svaibblvoda put ti 


bhvon euls 2ickt eater’ oraneoqa a en role tial ; 
tint gd olyvey sontmon adt Ve boned. silva 
jou tipi eraiteiy ot Jo etmteg edt how sili, —_ 


trait ba» wos ory iloidw ot qrrqouy sult amos evn 
wd. itele @ sod blower inkl geod: Yetoln 
. ae es dove iid ton ob-vods ayeodsle 


yous se rt tiv hosxoiy tod vineidtiotailind Yo : 
oldreg tom oli viewers Lite rol) Thats ,gne 

. etagndenang 9th ai esithanis 
nolelnqus edt to innooor ne droeni sol Mule od _ 
jo enone: ol) coutt asurrgtolo rantesorT silt lo : 


toque slr 207 colt quoma WwideolT nistemelle'l 
Yo voteintoy wont bed oH: tdi seobeonai 
off doves 210! of bee ,yredaamAé wear avlyill, 
(cronienon Yoitls core alt Yo wottehnentmuen 
Whi astqotrnlO owt ods yd Domioggn tow 
“oll pbaitbohtt te acinmoh eif Wo suobavtaiseque 
waueed owt ot ; qedaabio® ban gravity 
asw oH alotwile deviloyanve oilt 10 ole aot yaiod 


62 PROCEEDINGS IN THE 


very active in his duties, and as was then too oe. 
tomary, much opposed to the Calvinists. He July 
annually two synods with the subordinate cler 
to which those of Zittau were also invited. [ 
vious to these assemblies, he published Latin synod: 
dissertations, and then conversed with the clercy 
about the affairs of the church. When danger wo. 
approaching, they were of opinion, that as il. 
Lutherans had enjoyed the protection of the lettcrs- 
‘patent from 1609, the persecution and expulsion 
would be extended to the Calvinists only, and thi: 
they themselves who had lived on the border, ani 
been Lutherans for 90 years, had nothing to fear. Bur 
these hopes were vain, even Giinther was to depart. 
“On the 12th of August 1623, Kotwa of Frev- 
feld, chaplain to Wallenstein, Prince of Friedland,’ 
arrived at Friedland as the commissioner in spiritual 
affairs. He inquired into the amount of the incom: 
of all the clergy in the above-mentioned domains. 
and inspected the churches and parsonages. After 
this, on the 25th of August, an arrest was placed 
on all the produce of the field, and the corn that 
was gathered in, as well as on the tithes. On the 
20th of September, the parishioners were prohibited 
from accommodating their ministers with their 
wagegons. ‘The latter, being desirous of using some 
of their property, applied on the 30th of October. 
for the remission of the arrest, but they could obtain 
no satisfaction. About this time the wealthy, 
first of the country and afterwards of the town. 
were desired to place in the school of the Jesuits, at 


* Who had purchased from the Emperor the domains taken 
from the family of Riadern, after the victory over Frederic the 
Palatine. Wallenstein was there personally only in 1627. 


Abia co 


4 
3 
4 
P| 


aut xt a i a 


on cot Geditasr en has evi’ oid a 
hit oH atetnivinD ot 01 beeogqoutke 
-otdy ptenibriodie orl? slitw ebonye eo oa fase _ 
etl) heii cela sive atid) to seouls teidw bal 
exe nite beddeilditg od 2odorseeegeodt ot ar - : 
epee sadder bserrrade cont baw “eotemeaib: 
Saenah ol nods ont to evidlie alt atods 
em talt .csmiqe lo sow. vod gentthasoqge 
weval ods to noioror ods beyojas tad enanedtanl 
aideqre hee wotunseeey oft 001. mot anotng, 
eal) bas -viao etetarris)- ods. 09 babaotxo od Bigow 
ints ~rotrrod elt oe deel bei ow eveloemeds ods 
wl anst oruoidiow bad e197 00108 soured deed 
Timph of sve tout) neve .niev stow eoqoil sentlt = 
<r to ewted 8801 teupnA to AS odt sO” 
“hralbettd lo ogatel .pistensily VW 01 aiekqedo ,blat 
Lentiniqa at teroiesimenes orl) en basibonl i bovine 
enoont ot Io tomeane eit ont bsiepai oH acide 
avtumol baxeiteoursroda e:lt, ai ool dis to 
tt egpmteereg. bite eodounl ods besseqani hae 
loonlq aew tore we aerrguk to tO odd a0 iad 
walt eroo ory dow Sls aif Yo comberq okt [He mo 
elt oO  .eodltit atv an es llow en ,oi betodieg eew - 
bestididorng sy” etewoiderted alt rodaiqué to 1908. 
| overt drive evoteiaine tied) gaitebommeges soit ' 
$ wate gated Jo evotieab gated protiol oT enogge . 
| codotsO lo 06 och me pre) alpen: aah 
_ wurde bites yore aud steyerte. alt: 
* anlileone ait seis ide trodA  . .ceitedaiasa om 
| trwed dt lo ebuewrreite has ertunee alt to srk 
is tives odt ‘to foodse gilt ni sulq of batieeb sow. | 
tev aniooesb ads sorigmall ill ioe Goentohog ‘had OW 
baile p ytd. sme ano pips te i. 
R01 ni yiao: 


DOMAINS OF WALLENSTEIN. 63 


Gitschin, (where Wallenstein, as ruler, frequently 
resided) a certain number of boys who had some 
capacity for study ;* to which those in the country 
at last consented, against the repeated warnings of 
their ministers, but the town of Friedland stead- 
fastly refused. “I have, on that account, (says 
Ginther,) been shamefully betraved to the cruel 
enemies of our religion, and accused as the sole 
instigator of this refusal; and this drew upon me 
their menaces. In 1624, a complete change took 
place; for on the 4th of May, two orders, one from 
Kotwa in Prague, and the other from the Regent 
of the Jesuitical school at Gitschin, were received 
at the castle of Friedland; the purport of both was 
that the Governor of Friedland, was ordered, 
immediately to ‘ dismiss,’ all the foreign clergymen 
residing in this and the other domains, and to com- 
mand them to move hence on the 6th of May, that 
they might avoid greater punishment, should they be 
found in their parishes by the new priests : for Kotwa 
was already on his way to Gitschin, with a tew 
thorough Popish priests, to instal them on the 
domains of his Highness. This was the earnest 
wish of the Prince, and the Governer was well 
aware, that he must comply with every thing 
which the canon might order in such cases. 
Accordingly we were summoned into the office of 
the castle on the appointed 6th of May, and in the 
presence of some noblemen both the documents were 
read to us, and we were also told by the Governor 
himself the object of this command. After having, 

* They wished thereby to remedy the want of Romanist 


Theologians, and chose the most precocious for the order of the 
Jesuits. 


seesaw sas si sands aioe om Gana pica 
fo svete bornoqe7 oft tenigye denen ts i. 2 
eects baslhoet to ewer odd dud pestis tint 
21 )cto0e~ns tadt oo peed 1 lester yrs 
“thirty odt of bogentsd <gllitganste. mcd Capilaiii) 
slee sat 49 beevosn has woipiint ane to estifions 
Stn HOgir waab. ids bare ¢ joeriton eitlt Yor totepitoai 
Joot sgeatl stviqmes a.bS0L al zenemom sisilt 
coum) onto ataleto ows gralé Yo dib-siftne-tl ; saaly 
iiogoH milt mortt toro odd bag papel et ewiad 
hevingss oie .widoztix) jn loodoe davitiugel otf to 
aon dood te dopa adi ; haslboit'd Ww olteno oft 20 
dborhio, sew <oreiici’l Yo vootsret) oft sucks 
orrryraly anpisrdt fils Ue ‘eninweily + of veloteilyoanani 
«noo ot doe eninatob wlio wilt bere ei ai paibieet 
jerky yyePh Yo dy0 ol; Wo Soned syom ot pod) bras 
od Yad bios dincideing riety biowsaibgin vod) 
syiodl wh + atevite vroct oft yd-exteiang tied ai facrsncrd 
wot o ititw sridowid 01 yew eid goovbagile sow 
oils ae aepath) Imteai ot, ,ztevine dleiqo. alguorods 
tommy cult aaw hl .2eonikgill eid to enineob 
flow sow semevet) ari hax woos) edt to dew 
poi yravo diy uiqraoo, tara od delt orcas ~ 
eer tore wl asbio tdgim moana, oft dorlw 
to safle ont opi bocommue stom aw vgaibtomA 
adi ai bos yeild to ri botniogge ort ao. oltexs silt 
ovew atranmuseb orlt dood momsidomamoe lo sonaer1q 
corre) oiltyd dios cele orsw ate baw eu 09 beet 
‘actved oft Amaatnoo aislt totaojelo ot Usensid 


neat en Ae replies aby soa 
‘tS salt Si mati Seo sls wade _ te Seow analgiond? 


64 THE SUPERINTENDENT GUNTHER. 


by permission, retired to deliberate, I returned, ; 

behalf of the whole fraternity or priesthood, 1), 
answer: ‘First of all, we are grieved and pained : 

be removed from our dear parishioners, and to <u 
their souls exposed to the greatest danger; but w. 
console ourselves with a good conscience and a gov! 
cause, since the only reason given for our dismiss: 
is that we are not, in their opinion, worthy ani 
proper Catholic* priests; but as we have preache: 
Christ, so we think ourselves bound to suffer wit) 
him, and trust that God will soon bring Satan 
under our feet. Secondly, we would ask the Go- 
vernor if he really means to enforce against us th 
‘dismissal’ ordered in the two documents? Thirdly, 
we request him to intercede for us with His 
Highness, or to prevail upon the inhabitants of the 
country that they should do so; and if his Ex- 
cellency will not regard us, to consider at least the 
welfare and salvation of so many thousand people! 
In reply to this the Governor gave us to understand, 
that in the whole course of his life he had felt 
nothing more difficult than to be obliged by his 
official duties to acquaint us with the given order ; 
and although he were inclined to intercede for us, 
or to induce the inhabitants to do so, he was, never- 
theless, an officer of His Highness, and was 
obliged, however unwillingly, to do as he was com- 
manded. Such intercession from him might also 
be considered as rebellion ; but if the country should 
intercede, he would make no objection. Upon 
this I replied: That as the Governor is enforcing 
our dismissal, according to the received orders, and 
refuses us individual responsibility and risk, as well 


* i.e, Roman. 


d 


Reres STPaE Tae wn ru WU RI Er en Ty>W SNTerECE wey UEOTTT 


pm Uaredts "ea WVotl Gat Ar Penis 


absiat Ldble 


a 


‘oy howto DB oirwelileh. of YE POLI, 
or Ainoabtastng x0 vtirestiet olnihy -adlt-to, 3 
co Woitinep tine bevetee wu ow ln to deri! era 


\ ig «hurs-eemiseroo hooy » cbiw exviserwo glean 
jcaarib we tot covte wosnst vlan sit genie ema 
ines ‘yalpnorv (epiniqo neds at lou sin oF tolt ef 
paler ove ow ea tid: ; atesing “silodiwD wqoag 
iii wile of bavod exvlortuc lata ow 04 sein. 
vite! gad soo Ii bot) tadt tena boas, oid 
at) ot dee blow om zibaowe . th t90 bow 
a 0 enigge seit of ensont [lected Yi tomer 
Wicd ¢ etaeenypol dors.os1 ai borabro “Lenaicmeiby* 
“ll diw ee dh eboowini of mid d@onpor ow 
ult Yo eneetidhediat atts anqy lisvarq of 40. eevailgihh 
2 aid Yi bus tot eb bivode yor tnd -yaaner 
it towel de tabiace of au limpet som Miw -yonsiies 
toto bntengilt yrnuto to noitevine bas suitlow 
ower ban ot an oveg resriovoi) ods end ot ylqon al 


iA —— 


mw sy 


ad yd hegiide ad ot mast slioiitth exons gaidion . 
palo ovity ort aisier an inisupomod esiinh leigioe 
ou wi shonin of beatles: oon of dgnodtie bas 


oat 2 ae 


eee boo ,seontlyill sili to ooffto aa» ,czoloils 
~otoy sew ol an ob ot eylgacllinnn ivewod ,bogildo 
cle vbyter anil moh molemomiai bobsnar 
hoods gatanoy silt aed ; coilloder ec bow od 


oe oe 


oa : a 


__ baw stobro bevionat gilt 07 goilrrooon dossmsib yao 
Now on dais bas.g gent Lsubivi aoewion, 


an 


anole FO 


| 


@ or bar ewaoulsiicg tab 108 mont bevomar od = & 
oootnl :4epach sestiesty ot of-heeoqre eluog tio) 


da bed of stihseiit to osts0o olodw ods ot io . 


wren waw ol ow ek ot etuotidedni siltgaubai otto 


Hoy nition iio, o# stun bluow od oboe. 
‘euirclim a oui sites talT : bilge Laide 


ee mo 
ati 


THE SUPERINTENDENT GUNTHER. 65 


as his intercession, he will, of course, receive an 
answer from every one of the clergy present ; but 
the answer to my dismissal is: “Since I am closely 
connected with my parish by my office, I cannot, 
unless violent means be used, resign the same, with- 
out previously consulting the opinions of my pa- 
rishioners. For I think myself in duty bound, to 
risk both property and life, in this persecution which 
concerns not myself only, but also the flock en- 
trusted to me, as long as they shall use proper and 
lawful means, without any tumult, to which I would 
by no means advise them.” This at once satisfied my 
colleagues and the Governor. Then the clergymen 
further requested the Governor, that, if they were 
eventually compelled to go away, he would assist 
them in obtaining a compensation for their standing 
corn, and in receiving the tithes already due. But 
the Governor said, it was out of his power, and 
he feared that it would be scarcely practicable. 
After this I immediately sent for the elders of the 
congregation, in and out of the town; told them 
what had passed in the castle, that I was ordered to 
quit that very day, and also that [ had referred to 
my parishioners. They were, therefore, speedily to 
inform the council and the parish of this occurrence, 
and my proposition, that I might know what to expec 
from them. I also went myself to the village or Rin- 
genhayn, which belonged to the parish, and gave 
similar information to the authorities there. After 
a meeting of the council and the whole parish, they 
sent me a vote of thanks for my proposal in their 
behalf, and a requisition to be their director; t 
declared themselves determined to use all proper 
and possible means whereby they might hope to 
VOL. If. F 


re 
at 
- 


yams vata adlt Jo ono ys 

» toe Lagwitl ” + ab inpatraibey wnat 
eer 4 soit ynyd-aleteeg yar dis ientene 
sthttw utes ort myiaot bors oil entigut mnoloiv asolas 
ssq-tic to enoiniqe: add aniilisenos vlewoivery jue 
aa Gt bused vil af Mowyanr Agia 1 207% | .evossoiilets 
dsiky noiteasesq aul of ohhh gteegetg diod det 
«ns doo silt o-la and gio Veeger fom amporo> 
hits tayo seu Made yolt gm pool en yom ot batavti 
bivow | deldy of slut yamniedtio sdeont betwel 
vu beateites sono teal? “yaretlt catyheemnanron vil 
nsarrgisl> sdtcedT roamed) odd hem essrganiios 
sion fois Ti tat sormravot) oft Deteapet radi 
veer hinew of .yows og of belle giiaviasrs 
gathoute tied) 12 nolinensqanmo « gaisiside ai ares 
ttl eth rhnotle eadtiy gilt gaivloget ni bas arto 
bore rearey ell to Sho ene Gi. dina Soarmvol) out 
sidseitund viooises- od blnow 3t dads bewat od 
atts ‘to etsble orlt xo) fre tintethormani 1 eit roftA 
nevtlt hot savwt oft lo doo bar uni uoegeTrgao 
ot tuvolno-sue [soc olan elt at bosewd bol sail 
oh hermaien bed J todls oetehoe galerie tadt disp 
ot uithegge atevnl) ow ved 2reaoirlelioqg ym 
aocscuren ads Yo deiteq adt hay lisanes wilt anoini. 
ioagavotsndy wood sdgien Last snoisizoqony yin bie 
“hh to gual ot of Lloayen taow oale T cnoil) mot 
even bart dietmg oft -09 bogaolsdk doidw .myadoog 
taltds stort eonsinoilsire- oft od Goitgartolai salimi« 
eo eetrag aloike ot bor Jtiomoseds to gaitsem B 
te shore ai Anwoueray yso vol edanilt Wo otow # asm tere 
Saved i ad od, 8 ban Mntlod 


ION a 
w sqod: ‘ee 


66 EXPULSION OF THE 


obtain any thing from his Highness; and that they 
themselves, with the inhabitants of the whole domain, 
would speedily get up a petition, and despatch the 
messenger that very day. I then again said: “ that 
trusting they would fulfil their promise, I would, 
for my own part, shun no danger, but exercise my 
duties as heretofore.” Accordingly I joined a couple 
that day in holy wedlock, and on the following 
Friday, the 10th of May, delivered the usual Lent 
sermon. Having heard that the petition had not been 
signed, and that they would do nothing in the affair, 
I directed my sermon chiefly on the “ dismission and 
discharge’ of the Evangelical-Lutheran ministers in 
the domain. As the issue of this was, however, yet 
doubtful, I selected and explained the passages in 
Exodus xxxii. 1—7; xxxiv. 4—10. 

“On that day a great number of people came to 
the Lord’s table, and on the Sunday following the 
communion service lasted from four till nine o’clock 
in the morning. On Monday the 13th of May, I 
read the prayers and the lessons. And as certain in- 
formation had reached us, that on this day, a Roman 
Catholic priest would arrive, accompanied by a con- 
siderable force (namely, fifty of Wallenstein’s mus- 
keteers), and be installed by Kotwa, the canon of 
Prague, I bade my hearers farewell in the church, 
and reminded them, that although they had offered 
to adopt all possible means, and even proposed two, 
they had made use of none, whilst I had run the risk 
of acting in opposition to the received order, and was 
still willing to await the issue. 

“ This very afternoon Kotwa arrived at Fried- 
land, with a few Catholic priests, and fifty muske- 
teers; and the churchwardens, burgomasicrs and 


ks ka a 


SA A RMON he AS He LL le Ce ile eal aS 


ser 19 rome ee 


Oaletew, ;aenedg) 1 td avy pine 
— wis ts connstelonhst ode ee eis 


wis el bus cotton 2 qu tog yliiosge binow 
hae aisgn moll? | pi doncrryenncs 
ihe I ae tows Uihd blue yous gyitemtt 
UP aeiseeeo il ymyitah oo anda teeg awe yum st 
2 RG Siemniol ! tigetinowd. “\omieteeod ea eit 
girwullad nt! oo hone ioglheen zal, ai gab aals 
fusd Loony od Ieevilol eradd We APL gale abit 
dail ret loaal axevititoug geld suits dyson ached mone 
Miutio alt mi goitlton ob teluaz val ict? hun -beagte 
har ouiecoeib- lt ao givddo semtess ¢ ap deapeasile I 
oo ewetinion movadsal-loilcmn ail be “agradail 
tre peerowrod wor sult lu guest) A. cheb adlt 
en exgieasg wilt honiolqes hae Getnatee I dittdluedr 
Hib vices 9 t—1 Gore subosll, 
of somes algae to cdma teary ogo) salt a 
ol) gorwehlol gaiaut alto. dae alded e'beod-odt 
dsolo‘eengie Ua rect not bored aetewe Heiress eer 
Pew to MEL auld vehnoTt oO) gatroat off ab 
th minted gelled cower oil hee envgeng ad? hese. 
nanwesl & 00h ah) oo tod? 20 bedamn hod antianrit 
207 a nd desing ov ni bhnew sing gilodisD. 
-ovon 2 ideology? ‘to ystth -vieorma) soit aldershie 
bo comm oft awiod vd Dellataniod bas (ested 
dlyrnay ode ot oar, coredh qrabed ) gop. 
lrnastte fal got devote sedt,cedt bibioes bas 
ait) boxexqong aera bon, enor gidie, Hetqobeor ~ 
Jory cule war oak E talilve oo 20 Jo eeebanr bel yodt 
wor baw yraino beret v's of uoitiaagge a yuitye to 
Pat accent alt Sewn ad 
sbi te leveiee acer noone yor exit 
~oteunn sae a aiboytaD wall oe abtiar baad 
inn 21098 ~iedveowdouds od? tua fete 


SUPERINTENDENT GUNTHER. 07 


judges, being then summotied to the castle, they 
there received certain instructions, with which they 
were obliged to comply. 

“On the following day, May the 14th, the diffe- 
rent church bells were ordered to be rung, while 
the burgomasters and judges were forced to 
conduct their new minister from the castle in a 
solemn procession, with pomp and pride, into the 
parish church of Friedland, attended by two com- 
missioners. The churchwardens were compelled to 
open the church, which was consecrated according 
to papal custom ; then followed the investing of the 
priest with the usual popish ceremonies, a sermon, 
and the mass. After this the priest was conducted 
to the parsonage, and introduced to the town-coun- 
cil, who had to insure him protection, honour and 
support ; and from thence they returned to the castle. 
In the mean time, a royal mandate arrived, in which 
the reason for our dismissal was stated to be, that 
we* had misled the people by suspicious sermons, 
had incited them to disobey the higher authorities, 
and had given occasion to their revolt.t It was 
further stated, that Kotwa had lodged a complaint 
against me, that I was a great enemy to the 
Romanists, that I had dissuaded the people from 
placing their children in the school of the Jesuits at 
Gitschin, and that my sermons were all before lis 
Highness. I protested against the first-mentioned 
accusation, and refused to go until | should receive 


* Not these only, but all evangelical preachers were meant 
thereby. 

+ Inasmuch as they warned the members of their community 
against a change of creed, which had been commanded by the 
Emperor. 

Fe 


ice area 
Hs atten silt 0} oo 


doidw tltiw notin 


Sah oilt sith 1 oilt gabl “ul Spells i A 
Widw ecit od ox harshio snow aflod dewie Inve 
__- BE Sbovid own soghuy bun erotentmdgend!’ oils 
Te HF Shieo olf mo toteiniar wort int eathaor 
alt iat obi ban qareq dtive my sasitnloe 
-troo owl VA bebastiw jbaalbeind Yo heteily thiray 
0} hallayaius sow wobiamigunis fT  anideleimn 
uilinose houirooanos ear Melio dletads odt nan 
alt te gaitterrar sit bermollot realy 7 iotent Tony ot 
OMe aaitortsi95 Hetaog Travan galt Mile sent 
betaabites enn resi] oft aid’ cath ene off bre 
sthoo-mwot ot ht hesinhownt bins oeeeorteq silt 01 
hata tidied Holtsetot mid oven oy had odlw lio 
oltens ot of bsurtoter volt somads wed} bint pdroqque 
doje tt bevivin scbager Inver » anti opener silt ol 
il! ol ob betete en lopetmeib 70 ‘Tot woens oil} 
ADOMTTE Stor vigeue Wd oojorsq od? botetar furl “ow 
deinsdions rogid oda vodoaity oF mmadt botion! bail : 
emer ik TAlower tint 07 moimpooo aovtg bed bar 
fuialq nites ®begbo! bad wate ant teeta toiltt 
alt of Yrmtens Inoro 6 AGW 1 salt orm desiogs 
mow eel) bobadesih bad T sult ataienmodt 
bie att Yo loodss oct af wiblitts stedt gquinaly 
sil oteled Hs nom enoartse yie 6th hem iboasit) 
hawottimnrsert silt terioge “horestotq E esottilyill 
sviogen blunts 1 litou og ot beedien baw woitense 


base 07 exoddoas1s, aienora ned aes aaa 


‘dnc vin Ao eredirore oft boatew rod ae 
el ‘ol bubicuanatoe goad bad S| *e 


Sq 


68 EXPULSION OF THE 


a written dismissal, setting forth the true cause 
thereof. Thrice, therefore, I sent to the castle, offer- 
ing to make my defence, and at last received a 
written dismissal, the cause of which was stated to 
be, that I had not submitted to, nor acted in ac- 
cordance with, the jurisdiction and ceremonies 
enjoined by the archbishop of Prague ;—but I was 
not brought toa trial. The clergymen present went 
that afternoon to Reichenberg, but [ still remained in 
Friedland with a citizen throughout the day and the 
following night. As my church and my house were 
taken from me, and another appointed in my place, 
and as the last mandate, moreover, was peremptory 
for the dismissal without delay of all the Lutheran 
preachers, who were not to be tolerated, nor suttered 
to dwell there in any manner whatever, and still less 
to be allowed any religious exercise or meeting, 
on Wednesday morning, the 15th May, I once more 
took a public leave of all my hearers, offering 
even then, in the presence of the town council, to 
remain with them, if they would but adopt some 
proper measures.* But as their answer was, that 
they must leave this matter in the hands of God, 
I said: “ the will of the Lord be done; with your 
knowledge, and not secretly, do I part from you in 
erief.” This occasioned much weeping, and I went 
out of the town on toot, escorted by the town coun- 
cil, the citizens and a great number of people from 
the country, amounting to upwards of 2000, who 
were waiting that morning for my departure, and 
who accompanied me with great lamentations a 


* Many persons did not yet comprehend either the decisive 
character of the Government authority, or the fruitlessness of 
all individual remonstrance. 


educa iano id 2 hl ill i al 


WN eieitak Ok ral aden La oe 


evento omits 


eT id — owget'l Yo. qodeidorn od yet honlojse 


| Sct Se et a =x 


a 
SUT FO. MO 4 a 
otins ai oslt adie awinmally oo 
~whe »hens odt ot save | ratyrodls = : 
® luevisnor seul te fon sonmtoh mn ium of 2 
6% feta anv tivicdie Yo sean silt , : 
<a ft loin tom ot boettedoa tom bel fT gediyped 
witOMsias tn onitoilen, od? bbe somo 


an 


tow Insernaromyowmly aT Jet eerddgud ton 

ni bouinin Hite | ded pot eadoied) ot saonrafliéaadt 

a bao yah al) ssodgnonl: cositie a die bola 

sise ono ym bom sdowids yor ah Abela gabwollet 
wooly ver tt betningradooe han ear coll moder 
‘violins asw AeTerren: inhi sal sult ee bas 
neil ol fhe to telah tuordtiw leith oft a0t 
benstirs 100 ¢beterofor sul oy Jom saw ode tmlanstg 

esol [lite bow erated pec yon at roeld Howbot 
{tins To stoves evotvile: vow bewalla od of 
mont some Tye! dil ol) ciicront vebeubeW ao 
gosto seme vee He to avec gilding, dont 

od ionsog atror wilt to conser eft ol dit wees” 
omer iyoba gud biwew voit 4) yet dig aie 
todd ear toween wie! xe tell * seenene soqorg 
rho Jo ehemh wah miteztam sit wrenl tewor yodt 
toy Win 4 anol od iol ody to Uw ode ™ 2 biped 

ai wry overt diag Lob. vitor Jom baw eyhsiwond!  «- 
toow | beta saniqeow iiomar bayoisnose all“ Nobrg 
-o wot ot yd haroces ect ne awotedt Totao © | 
cao algo Yor achanun 350mm tate oc? is 7 
oily O0GL to aburygir or voitinome Frenne silt 

boe ottaqel yin tol pourom tnd? gnifien sow 

6 ewoleteomel saiery i vcr pees pal 7 


seen why 


FN Bm we = 


SUPERINTENDENT GUNTHER. 69 


auarter of a mile to the Cunnersdorf Rise, where 
| stopped, and waiting until all were assembled, and 
tad formed themselves into a circle, I delivered to 
this great crowd a farewell sermon, choosing for my 
subject the departure of the Apostle Paul from the 
Elders of Ephesus. (Actsxx.) After this discourse 
they all wept and moaned bitterly, fell on my neck, 
«ized my hands, and pressed me so closely, that I 
was obliged to mount the vehicle that followed me. 
About a hundred of the people accompanied me a 
mile further towards Reichenau, and about fifty went 
with eas far asthe town of Zittau. The rest of my 
hearers, after spending a short time in hymns and 
prayers, on the place I had just left, returned home 
in great grief, and some of them afterwards planted 
a lime-tree (linden) in the place where I stood,* as 
a memorial of this my farewell sermon. The town- 
council supplied me with an honourable testimonial ; 
this was also done of their own accord, by the 
liveries, and by my then colleagues and subordi- 
nates, but now my fellow-exiles. Thus I have 
had an honest, honourable dismissal before God 
and his church; nor have I been a little consoled 
by the zeal, devotion, love, and tears of my dear 
parishioners. May God by his divine power keep 
them stedfast in the acknowledgment of his truth; 
mav He comfort and strengthen them, and preserve 
them in the way of righteousness until the coming 
of our Lord, that they may then prove to be my 
honour and joy, my crown and my glory.” 

The above-mentioned three testimonials, and the 
one which the Governor of Friedland, Hans 


* The Friedland “ Pfarrlinde,” 100 years after, was destroyed 
Ly the Papiste. 


_— 
va JauTAvO THUnETe INGEN 
weit, AT "Hobe vil Gt-oliee ae earmneyy 
barn habiieraee sro tle thn ginbvin (avs Aoaggene 
ot Intiviteh 1 olvtis 0 onsi eseloumorts bows tas 
<0 AP aritonds convo Honea an Levan atagey “ily 
sift ogo Lawl olreoy/. ott be etayab pila tonal 
__. epee vids wth (2retoky <ielgil to enllt 
oe dyait yne Ili) wheat bemeann bees tepwir fhe yout 
L tile cubieoiy 92 any bvaeety bare elindil qa trai 
' Jent bawollet tacks olsides arti awe ot hegihdo ena 
» ser Letangeroson «lqoug ode to borhand wo toatl. 
ino YA aos Une went elenwetpulrull olne 
vet Yo tert adT .rettiS to mwonedienit apanraiw 
bite entre Gi omit Nee © eeilersge roti pete 
wnveott hertrier lol nf bad L eonly alt do rerney 
het ehrtarro te utd tersmee ban jobrg teary wi 
ay “boots Dorods ovaly adit ct | nevi) ooet-ornil » 
<oet all courne [lovey till de leoamin # 
+ fatorritest oldetionod us dtier oa beilgqne fewrnes : 
oil) gd jbteoxe wo tieds Yo anol oaks ew xi? 
Aedie bar eviroesiion wads yar yd baa soieoril 
ove T aodT  ssttxe vollsh eon wom and psu 
fw) aqoledd Insiveib sldotvecal desnod an bel . 
hafloenes olitil no sood | svi aon stony ed bee 
wel ger Vo gum bne vol anoloveb dae oily yd 


ee Se 


qed wwe sori ail yd howwelt .eranaidersy ; . 
+ ftett 4b Yo anserelslwomden only ai Sedlbbeate woul "a 
eweuewndy Heme snvod) vobryrro se: Leas onihiaieo ool T eet 
‘yitees ont titan Hocenosidpin te yaw sult wi PT 
vn od oF svete no:lt cart -yode witty dived wie vw 

“yeroly yin bas wrote gi orate 


ods tare ehelwonnitess errs ” 
sow baalberl to mcthva silt giles 


loyoviash saw pie ety O01 " 


70 EXPULSION OF THE 


Gersdorf, himself a Lutheran, had given him, sufii- 
ciently prove that he had conducted himself in his 
pastoral duties, and in his office of superintendent, 
as a faithful minister; that his doctrines and his life 
were at all times in accordance with the holv serip- 
ture, and the unaltered Augsburg Confession, and 
that for this reason only he had been driven into 
exile.* 

The newly appointed popish dean, Sebastian 
Balthasar, was placed in a dificult position. He 
met with little confidence; for the people of Fried- 
land had either left the place, or else attended the 
adjacent Lutheran churches of Lusatia. He there- 
fore published a pamphlet in 1628, against Gin- 
ther’s Lent-sermon, ‘on the dismissal and dis- 
charge of the Evangelical preachers in the domain 
of Friedland.” In this he says, amongst other 
things, that in the whole kingdom of Bohemia, 
there were not such obstinate Lutherans to be tound 
as in Friedland; they paid such attention to the 
exhortations of their preachers, that scarcely the 
tenth part of them came to attend to his sermons. 
He then gives twenty reasons why the people ot 
Friedland should become papists. 

Giinther remained two vears at Zittau, and was 
then called to Spandau as pastor and inspector. In 


* The testimonial of the town-council of Friedland and the 
eleven liveries, into which the inhabitants of the place are 
generally divided, is given in an appendix to his Farewell-ser- 
mon; but the one signed by the collective clergy of Zittan, 
which certainly contains some bitter reproaches against the 
Romanists, is inserted in Schroter’s History of the Exiles, 
223—234. The Farewell-sermon which he delivered in the open 
field, and the history of his expulsion, were published at Dresden 
in 1626, 


oid RR LA usin i dl ib a ce a a a 


ae. Wier WOer wer 


ee wees 


saab ik iy irc ld, abated 


Beer Reset were CEE 


ai i and i a ll a kh sil MMI ted det 


a 
aS: 
a 


_ eine cbaathorl to ‘tomavall alt iw ote 


: XN ZA 
va fanrid feauKuteinane 


wmetiw avl ST bohm onkh et obit a te a 
fare Jhetelgemsee sonore Cae Tint ganiview Tote Lvepiperte | 
of feeseiish [ shetia 2 onal evvioonpadl! bouwidt Lad 
var tal pitieoerdo connie Verwedy, a Trot dugey -it9 
sity wow) Low't olteopt. ofl by Gumnoh lt tesphon 

opiterrily elds RA (reek) evesdyAoendil 
ben varew Lob .tentid Deneon how Hyon Ha vols 
2 dels yylosols oe oi beseerg tow ebnteat ee brokie 
st bearotiet tarts wlstdey sal) saneant ot legildy ena 
nm ait bolgagirss “lone wilt Yo behest se lcd 
racer efit tuorts bas wneelsieh eiravrved ruleset alin 
ent Yo tere aadl’T catt bo aro od) gnu em ent abhi 
bate auireit ci omnis meds w palbesns dodte evened 
seo havenrey ttl i20( bad Leoelg at ao metery 
taneley ehragrefie uel) ho qe baa dole sory wi 
at “eoute Tolw ooaty welt ash (reebiil) ootteonil » 
ana wl uronrn= foorelt get elt lo iehroarnia n 
; letnertitens olirpoced ie ili pat beilqype liner 
al) gl jlvteose utwo tid Ye soo ole egw sill 
jedi has sirpelioy ails var yd baw gororil 
oval To egtT  eolize-vollst von wom ab poten 
ok) audied Ugeainzih sidermandl sesoud: ae dol 
Vislaziey olttit no soxd | seitk gem calyonlo. wid bev 
nogh age No aumwt Law rok gaalaayab diwa sult gl 
eed amo snivil ail vd hot dal. avanoldeisye) 
ste aid Yo taowrelotwondon gilt ai salileate newts 
yrraereg Digg petal organs bins tidings of | ya 
weriurod ade Vitae sescenoordgit to wp eld ai aye) 
vet od ot Swany failt -ycr ysile Take onadd sie be 

. “srtolg “cre bus crete EMEA, 
silt het eleimeyites sods bewnussneon 


Veecheaw pofte ein 001 " 


70 EXPULSION OF THE 


Gersdorf, himself a Lutheran, had given him, sufii- 
ciently prove that he had conducted himself in his 
pastoral duties, and in his office of superintendent, 
as a faithful minister; that his doctrines and his life 
were at all times in accordance with the holy scrip- 
ture, and the unaltered Augsburg Confession, and 
that for this reason only he had been driven into 
exile.* 

The newly appointed popish dean, Sebastian 
Balthasar, was placed in a difficult position. He 
met with little confidence; for the people of Fried- 
land had either left the place, or else attended the 
adjacent Lutheran churches of Lusatia. He there- 
fore published a pamphlet in 1628, against Gin- 
ther’s Lent-sermon, ‘‘ on the dismissal and dis- 
charge of the Evangelical preachers in the domain 
of Friedland.” In this he says, amongst other 
things, that in the whole kingdom of Bohemia, 
there were not such obstinate Lutherans to be tound 
as in Friedland; they paid such attention to the 
exhortations of their preachers, that scarcely the 
tenth part of them came to attend to his sermons. 
He then gives twenty reasons why the people ot 
Friedland should become papists. 

Gunther remained two vears at Zittau, and was 
then called to Spandau as pastor and inspector. In 


* The testimonial of the town-council of Friedland and the 
eleven liveries, into which the inhabitants of the place are 
generally divided, is given in an appendix to his Farewell-ser- 
mon; but the one signed by the collective clergy of Zittan, 
which certainly contains some bitter reproaches against the 
Romanists, is inserted in Schroter’s History of the Exiles, 
223—234. The Farewell-sermon which he delivered in the open 
field, and the history of is expulsion, were published at Dresden 
in 1626, 


cdi bia a mai ial it al aa 


we cl a RU ll a a 


Me ak a er nd ll al oe ll al 


en) werd iee Seely ae 


en i Ans i in i la hc A Sk le 


OP antniX Vo, gerely 


ee 
aHy 30 biomnete ae 
«es aaa cw urorerlonl a T nm iol - 
aid ft titan Layanhies Lope ot ong ea 
a to oothy sub a Pom ib Lnxosauq , 
ohd, shi yorngol cil suelt atin aki @ a 7 
“hye t ngls tia somiwow zoitits Tis. 38 oxow 
uur otinteeiao") cundewuh bewdhaoe odd en meet 
BER AeT mood Lal od lao osm tdi aah 
' * wlize 
toa naals ak _ batniegga tiwan ol 
4 Mottizog lise t ai heaaiq wen , 
swt 40 siyoog ails wh ; somebituor olatil dite gor 
edt bobwsrs sale 40 soalg silt Hol s9dsio, bed burl 
en oH named ‘ip esilacds serodind tooonjhe 
“Hi) tetinee SOL m soldgawq » bedzildeq ext 
* «ib bun Lowiawer oft oo" ound a aly 
» terol od? ai esdeeciy Iaoilepawwd. silt jo ogiads 
ft qulio regnomny wim oii cilt ol “delboit do 
wiersdoH Yo apaleaid olode ods mt dads gaia) 
tere! od of estetodted oranitedo dowe tan srw grads, ie 
silt ot momparie dove hier volt = baalbsiyd ab ea >. 
oi ‘clovtsos swale gredonorq tid? to enoitatolzs 
num eth 0} beste of sates aril) Yo drag cigs 
to alqong oft rdw edozan yin974. eoyig usd, all- 
Adept, econ Llaeals bewtlvgiad 
env bao wont te enpey out bouinmgt gedteit 
“ sofsqent ure toleeq 22 uobivagS ot belles gods 


fli Dow wee aa bah vil! 40 Inieodnbtesd ait? * 
1 te0iq gilt ie od) cdi ofwt Jeehivil ately 1 
saellyrned ehh py wibyeqye on ul nyrig ei bobivth ylersamg 
Avisialla sta gd lnisse pun, al, tod ; mare | 
odd Janieye emlsaaeT AIHA Auto® waordnos 
_— alt to welt ore “i Rn 
Le eB fiver ito wal ol lisworsl od? 


pe oe badailduy ove aid lo ge 


eee 


*! 


Le 


SUPERINTENDENT GUNTHER. 1 


1631 he resigned his office, and was afterwards ap- 
pointed minister of Herwigsdort, near Zittau, where 
he again suffered great distress during the march 
of the Imperialists and the Swedish troops in 1634. 
He died on the 16th of January, 1636, only fifty 
years old, and was interred in the church of Her- 
wigsdorf, near the altar.* His son Anton died in 
1684, as con-rector of the Gymnasium at Zittau, 
where his portrait is preserved in the library of the 
town-council. 

In this account of Giinther’s expulsion, we see the 
manner in which the people were treated ; but we 
shall obtain a much clearer view of that part of the 
subject by turning to the representation of the affair 
by the Romish writers. One of them,f referring to the 
appointment of Gunther as superintendent of Iried- 
land, says, “ Souls were then more and more led 
astray, and plunged deeper into error, in propor- 
tion as such false teachers were increased.” 

“ Tn affairs of religion,” he continues, ‘ Count 
Wallenstein, Prince of Friedland and Reichenberg, 
caused the Lutheran preachers in both these do- 
mains great grief, because they were aware of his 
zeal for the Catholic religion, and his predilection 
for the Jesuits. Therefore the superintendent 
Gunther was in the habit of warning his flock, not to 
say, ‘we are in the mountains, we live on the 
border; they only mean the Calvinists, and not the 
Lutherans; we have always been separate, whilst in 
Bohemia they are mixed; it will not fare so ill with 


* The poet Ernest Wilkomm, made Giinther the subject of an 
historical romance. 

¢ Rohn, in his “ Chronicle of Friedland and Reichenberg,” 
(Prague, 1763), pp. 138, 151—167. 


was 


a 
° - 7 : . 
. Ww aanreID + previ E 


. afus éhenwrret le eave bine pee aie al 189! 
nein warn’ tana hoheghrml 4 iia tention 
gornin alt ooh eseteth testy teres ioe od, 


HARD) wi eqoort duibewe od tron ay 10 
eit ylno VEO! prumenl to AE odds ito boi 5H 
a As imniy adv nt tert) sow bat ilo emery 
(22 Gh beth eth gos el tently edhe tone frobepiw 
atti 40 cwleanmm) «ft to vetesiteg ee £801 
ails lo yurdil aelt at heresy af viwetvog shel ready 
Hsanes-swel 


ody asa ow ,notelane wenetralh Yornnoowraid) al 
car tud + betawe etarr olqobey olf aFatihw wi toceantt 
oily ‘lo ttaq tlt YW wow tsx09l9 dona a wiside Hae 
Tichs od) te notierteesdet oilt ft palaret yl doojdee ) 
ott on qubrnsiot tars) lo 900 .2retinw stein ols qd | 
-hoiv'l Yo dashed rsqie aa dada) te tesnttiiogga 
hel orton bew ston molt sew ele yepme beval 
“Onyerny i aor ont tout Dogmnlg baw pois 
“Viscusi crow elses sali) iowa ee wold 
ne sowie of "notte to adie of ® 
soedomted be boslbar dt Yo soir aistenolleW 
-ol) eset dhe of erolocony aewilt ody beets 
etl to mwa dew “vod! one Polve atery eniant 7 
solvelbng aidebar ,coiyilet ofedteD ot wi leox 
tooboaiatioque oil} evctetolT ettoesl off act 
0 tou JlooR aif erin to tidal odd ai ety tyilnii 
al) so ov ow eointnnomt off af ow * qne 
otlt sou ban gedeintvle’) oils shart ant | 
ni telly wood eevinwved. ow 4 
okaciy = di jou Her ai ; boxi-or yor! siueslodl 


mi oe van alt a eno seein. 
FN ileadatpi sins =” path= 


= odblo Mh fu heateaten tise. i 
: : “Shhh wel es ed eet) 


i ane 


anal — 


72 EXPULSION OF THE 

us; it is only an imaginary fear and a vain anxicty, 
nothing will happen. Do not console yourselves 
thus with falsehoods !’—He had foreseen, that after 
the victory of the Catholics, the heretics would no 
longer be tolerated, but be treated as rebels and mis- 
leaders of the people, like those of Prague, who 
were, through the perseverance of the papal am- 
bassador, Caroli Caraffa, Bishop of Aversa, punished 
by the Emperor in 1621. Nor was it long ere it 
came to pass; for in 1623 the godly Regent, Prince 
‘Wallenstein, sent the Jesuits from Gitschin thither. 
in order to preach there the Catholic faith, to extir- 
pate heresy, and to bring the people again under 
obedience to the Roman church. The province 
round Reichenberg, and other domains, were soon 
found willing, though by the advice of the above- 
mentioned superintendent, the inhabitants of Fried- 
land kept their children a whole vear from the 
Jesuits. Giinther boasts of this in his sermon, (the 
above-cited Lent-sermon), but acknowledges, never- 
theless, that the people of these and other places 
had so easily embraced the Roman doctrines, that 
he could not, without great danger, preach any 
longer against them, since so many had already 
gone over to the papal church. At last, in the 
year 1624, his Highness the Prince of Friedland 
and Reichenberg gave his spiritual commissioner, 
the Prelate Joanni Tiburtio Kotwa of Freventeld, full 
power and authority, to dismiss, on the 6th of May 
following, all the evangelical Lutheran preachers in 
the whole domain. This praiseworthy commission 
was soon executed, the Governor of Friedland, on thie 
4th of May, being commanded to order the superin- 
tendent and all the Luthcran preachers, in the do- 


nn MODE e Tar Tem Tyee NSD OOET  n wery TDN prep Ive oT UNMET Wen EENY DREN TE Tea L Gene Mmm EET Tar Ware Tatar TT Tete Pen MT n erm at eave? Te? MEUM WENN ITs ThTURTT eT TYUNT HlMTeT NC NNU TS Ord SIC w WTingeN OnenEry Terni YT OvNmITN nn mmIPO Pa 


» 

ant 4o voIsTeRS . 
Stolen give a hoa test ueabguur an glee ett pat 
saviuswoy gloates ton of .naqqnt dt gato — . 
qottn toil? jvoseorel bad ait—"! abwodonlat Aviat ends 
wn bivow eeitevod or .esileds orl Yo sprotoby ad 
stien few Sodet ac boterit od dud heneiod od asgerot 
oy _suget- ta sunt odil akong silt to evshesl 
this Fem nic, st to sonwryenetag ont rgnonils wee 
bailey sersyé to qoreill wie How) aobsead 
low pool fi ey TOK (SOE nd somqmdl ads vd 
pontt| tuepedl ylbon ody CSOT wt tot ;e2aq OF Sarno 
ftulridy atdoetid par ohest alt tase .wistenoliaW 
eine ot viet oileiin'D salt overly slasotg 02 tebto at 
yehiit siege sigosq oft ovind ot bas .yested seq 
warrorq ofT ends smo silt oF soaotbedo 
fone stow enimmol ulin bes sdaodotell bawot 
soda edt to sptvha oi) 2d davods yailliw baudt 
euitd to etemidalel ode yoolosatisqee beaottosar 
wit mow cay abode nm meshliths, sist jqod baal 
od?) ,nociies sith ul cidt to etesud roritaiie) tie 
“ora asubelworine: hed (nocriee-tisd batio-svoda: |” 
woul tedto hae e2ant Yo slqoaq out tol? peaked? © 
welt sonteob caged] qlt feo pre viene o8 bed 
yan done pvgnab deerg soodsio® dom bluos od 
thastle bed yeout oe sonia jniodt seniga wgdol 
vile ol gawk tA cloatile Luqeq olds of tsvo smog 
huwlben" to seattG oi wendoill cil bSOL a0y 
covokeinmos luwsiqe sul veg gredawlish bos 
Ul (dst foawiewboitmdiT inazobloislorT os 


volt ‘te dy) edt no yeximell 08 crinodiwe bag wyeg - 
ih erorlouarny sabtssliid Meathegas vo ott He ggaigvolich . 

Hoisinenos vidinowsslongy gill usieinob slow ods | | 
alt ao .daelbott to temmared silt fatimoxettoveney | = 


~irenyne wilt thao gd bul uniod (golf to. | 7 fy 
dvb nit ai etotlonsny pc. TPR a at a 


. 
1 1 
7 _ = a 


eer 


SUPERINTENDENT GUNTHER. 73 


mains of Friedland and Reichenberg, immediately to 
quit their parishes, or incur the severest punishment. 
‘This command he announced to them on Monday, 
the Gth of May, in the castle of Friedland ; and as 
he was himself a Lutheran, it must have been an 
unpleasant task for him.” 

This Popish writer then cites a few passages from 
(:unther’s Lent sermon. The latter had wished to 
convince the people, that they ought not to say 
their troubles were undeserved ; for they were 
wicked enough :—and he especially mentioned their 
neglect of God’s word, rude indecencies, too great 
security, discord between subordinates and their 
superiors, and the sudden apostacy of some people 
to Romanism and Calvinism. Of this the other 
tukes advantage, and says: “ these then are the 
fruits, which Lutheran religious liberty, or rather 
wantonness, has concocted ; this is the fame which 
Lutheran conduct has left in Bohemia; and the 
unexpected and sudden apostacy from the received 
Lutheran doctrines shews, that many returned to 
the only saving Catholic faith without much hesi- 
tation.” 

‘On the 12th of May. a priest named Sebastian 
Balthasar, of Waldhausen, canon of Budissin, was 
solemnly installed at Friedland, and the church, 
consecrated with Roman Catholic ceremonies, toge- 
ther with the deanery, were presented to the true 
priest. Thus Gunther, together with his subordinate 
clergy in the country, was at last obliged to depart 
from Friedland.” 

Rohn also states that “ the inhabitants of Fried- 
land, who lived ninety years in the error of Lutheran 
doctrines (to which they were so attached, that at 


a 


of yloiaihoaati x 
-Meorttileige iansedeaibanaa eran 
sieve, ao att: oF hearers af 1 cit oT 2 
‘dehuw ; duullalyd Yo pomerstehe-re oly 
mp ased sya! sewn si eeredtnd a Saeed tae: = ; 
“2 “sonia 10} errtomeee ys 
——— ant exnseanc wit a ayilo madd wedi teiqed anil 
7 of bodeiv bed tonsh olT crerrme a’ voritiadt) 
yer ot tou algo vou) tale slqusq add vontvine 
stew vod wt y bewissbea we estdvott wil! 
Hatt boneimend vases ed baa—dlguens bodsia 
tang O68 risen! ser brow e'bold to t99lyon 
- tied? bon esaativedie neewted tosh pure 
slqueg sor to yorroqe uobhee ody baw zrohmque 
whe ott eit 2 cinta) bee meinentoll o1 
ot) mm wed? seul = :evee Gow eyitnavhe edu 
sadtnr to erewtil auorytler cviliod dotlw ation 
loulw oun at si aide”: horaean09 end yeoncosann 
silt bine pvtowiled si tol end sowbaoo metoidind 
hevisoor whi merit vourcqe nalibne hive hetovdronn 
o berm veen gedit wode eonivm0b nmtoiltul 
~iawl dome duodtiw tsi vifosian) aire leo oll 
“aor a 
odiendee burton tang 6 o7ePA Yo dif) oils nd“ 
anv? isthe Go none. \cosundbbn to yimndsloll 
dlounls alt baw jbustiond tm Dollemni que - 
+920) <ultomonms oorlis') somoll ibiw bose 
sunt ht ot barwesny stow psaneb odd itive vult 
otemtinodae ail adie rsiltoyor sodtali) end T tevivy 
neqol of bopilde seal to enw games edt ai yyrs 
“bealiwid uot 
-twin'l Yo od) “colt estate ooke mfodl 
 aetodpal to nF 21nee ¥¥ x bovilodw , Arana 
fv tual be wow yuile ot) eine 


74 PROCEEDINGS IN ULLERSDORF. 


first only a tenth part of them would come to Bal- 
thasar’s sermons), are now fully brought to the true 
faith ; this blessed general reformation is, next to 
God, owing to the Prince of Friedland, who, though 
formerly Evangelical, has been a zealous defender of 
the Catholic faith, and his name alone was enough 
to terrify the people.” 

Similar proceedings were instituted against the 
Protestants of Ullersdorf, a village on the borders 
of Bohemia, near Zittau, where the Evangelical 
religion had been established for above 100 years, 
but the church of which is said to stand on Bohe- 
mian ground. Here lived at that time the preacher 
Zacharias Keimann, father of the: learned rector 
and poet, Christian Keimann of Zittau, where 
his poetic laurel-wreath is still preserved. This 
preacher had already been banished from the 
villages of Pankraz and Schonbach. The Bohemian 
part of Ullersdorf belongs to the domain of Grafen- 
stein. On the 13th of March, 162, the commis- 
sioners of the counter-reformation arrived at the castle 
of that place, and Keimann received a summons 
from Dr. Teubner, the chief commissioner, to ap- 
pear before them on the following day. Keimann, 
however, refused compliance, chietly because Ullers- 
dorf, as part of Lusatia, had been pledged with the 
rest of the proviuce to Saxony, and the commission 
had only jurisdiction in the Bunzlau district of 
Bohemia. Teubner, therefore, wrote for answer :— 
“ T kuow not why you have disobediently stayed 
away. You are hereby cited finally and peremptorily 
to appear before me to-morrow morning at nine 
o'clock, in order that you may hear the eracious 
commands of his Highness.’ Keimann now 


pa a Le 


> ae “'wlqoog orlt ytinzat of 


” - | - - : 
‘ - : 


OO 


Aniaviinas WD eOMIORSOONA 
hull 08 piswae Disrwar ony ‘Yo 10 slseet a. ghar ten 
oust over iizeont vile) wou sie (etoomege erent. 
oF dyer 4i wortsoriiter lenea bosasld allt qatiet 
dypionts fy tyustboi'T to sonia od ot gaiwo bo. 
jorwbhitult socio 6 wood eed desilepeetS yiroard __ 
Hyvods se onole scan aid bas tid gilodiad ott 


tm 


a 
— 


elt temieye berstiteni won zynihencuy agli : 
shred wit tu svalliy # Arobemif J Yo eiaetesiotT 
teviisyenrA oly otolw atti qa worded to 

ainay OUT svods tot bodeiidewe aod bel ovigiles 

toll co bast ot bine al doit tealateds off tod 

radusory Sut sant wold ie berril ew .bovorg. ania 

qotoot bomtwel oft to rede janamisd) enizoioed 

oda seth be etentieoA oxilend) tog baa, 

eit cbovreestg Hite ai disory-lonsel pitsog eid 

edt meth betlateed mood ybavile taut ted 

onimolodadY tosdadeds* ban-serdas'T Yo asgalliv 

-stert) do sehemtiol ofa ot egaoled nehewll J Yo t1eq , , 
-eioretros adh 2901 olorsl% Io AL od xO mtorr 
glieco olpaadewirte met anrioteT-ts1a 009 S09. to emo 

anormamme & herlioi ooomisd hte .soalq. sed? Yo 

-qo Of endiediarmes ‘teido ody adweT 2 mot 

aura cal gebreliic) ol: oo meudt ototed 1e9g 

-~9H1U neue ultstio oonsilqsrop beesiter tevswod 

a? dete beplelg aod bed crises Yotteg ee dob 
vowsermus olf bine yaoxec 08 ovations oti Yo J271, 

Yo tonal wolfe ot oi coizsibeitny, yao bel 

— wen wt store exit senduet cimodol 
hoya htosibadeeif areal vor yilw tom-wond 1”. 
cltrotpeesto bag viland boris ydorwd om OL. pyawe. 

oi Ou Solera WereM-o vey wroted. taaqys Of ~ 
ei tetany onlt teal Font poy wult volen ni ,ddulo'o ( _ 
woo mamaniea  “eeombetll ail. Io. ebasimos . } * 


mit 


-s 


PROCEEDINGS IN ULLERSDORF. 75 


:vpeared, and was treated with more courtesy than 
was usual on such occasions; yet he was com- 
manded to discontinue preaching until further 
orders, with permission, however, to remain for 
the present at Ullersdorf. But a Jesuit, who was 
present, warningly added, ‘‘The affair is not thus 
-nded; it is merely postponed Keimann obeyed 
fur a while, and the parishioners tried what they 
could effect by entreaties ; but this only made the 
commissioners the bolder. The community then 
petitioned Count Kolawrat, chairman of the anti- 
reformation-commission, for permission to cele- 
irate the festival of Easter after the custom of 
the church. But they received for answer :— 
* Like Bohemia and Silesia, so also will Lusatia be 
forced to acknowledge the Papal faith.” They had, 
theretore, the alternative of attending the Romanist 
~-rvice in the castle-chapel of Grafenstein, or of 
voing to Zittau. It is true that Keimann preached 
in private house, but he could not venture to re- 
mainin the place: anda Popish priest was appomted 
in his stead, who fixed his residence at Grottau. 


oo 
. 


The village of Ullersdorf has, however, been 
favoured with Evangelical preachers from the year 


10659. 


valtio) Jew ynidesosy smuiewosab | 
anv uly deel ae ma ewer T ” 


su) joceat ida off Sabbe W demir . 
fsvedo stemiod “hay 491 shotwr 

yukt daly bein ennvideboy of) bas wlidw a 1) : 
wikt sieges ola silt nnd ; esitevntay od toilty Iie 


wot) yihtwurwe odT — whiod olf eenolésinian, 


tite at We ceomisds sereetod tase) fasiroiait ay 


<wliek wr moleeintteg Tl nobatmined-pditianwhn 

fe mony alt sofle wome Jo lavpedl “od one 

— temene 1) bevison: volt inl —aldimits. oil) 

ot nites t [fiw o2ln on sieali® bos ihttenlell odid © 

vou yor Thiet Laqut set oyhelwotdad Oy buna 

winemon oilt ghihwette We wineries wilt ortatin- nl) 

to 1m ,xivtewilav) To feqndosoltens <i ab sob - 

beso: nomitoA Jedd sunt el toi o Uptions 

oT os Snneuy ter bidus ed sad, sano mtering a isi 

hotwioqge anw sesiny deiqo # lea = domly gift ti ivan 

noe Te Watebieon eid Logit wide luinde ail wi 

tool fever set tobe to oyilliy ol't 7 

tao, oll mot eritowesy Levilyganvd dhiw between | 
eee ©" a 


eo 


OTEAT Tin ap 


EXPULSION OF PROTESTANT SCHOOLMASTERS AND 
TUTORS—-SURRENDER OF THE CAROLINE COLLEGE 
TO THE JESUITS —JOY OF THE ROMANISTS—— 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE JESUITS — DESTRUCTION 
OF PROTESTANT BOOKS. 


Wuewn the Protestant clergy were expelled from 
Prague, the Consistory, which had long been a 
thorn in the eyes of their enemies. was also dis- 
solved. As soon as the expulsion of the preachers 
was effected, the iron hand of persecution was laid 
upon the Schoolmasters. Whether these were as 
steadfast in their faith as the clergy, or many re- 
mained and began to teach the new catechism of 
Canisius, we have no authentic information. 

But the ruling party could now no longer tolerate 
even Protestant private teachers; a special order 
was therefore issued for their banishment from the 
country, unless they were immediately discharged ; 
and those parents who should employ them were 
threatened with imprisonment and fine. This was 
diligently circulated amongst all barons, noblemen, 
and citizens. The parents were, of course, referred 
to Jesuitical private teachers for their children; and 
that these might be found in requisite numbers, 
the Jesuits, wherever they could, took even by 
force, talented boys, and had them prepared for 
tutors; which was also done, as has already 
been stated, at Iricdland, where certain boys were 


& atl 


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BA Cheek ed ll al eli al al RA AR wee alile el oe 


Cab Ss i als ae 


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WHA 2257S. .1000 THANERTON 30 MolWexE 
2 Goass10) 216009 RAY TO aeRO —eRorET 
—ereruaton wT SO YOU erivett amr oF 
KOrToTRtedd —brvea, gHY YO eSinGsaCORT 
2a008 TELTesTOsY YO 


mon! befisqze sew voile tentestord ofi wan Wo} 
aimed prel bal dotlw jywieleno off orger't 
ib ols aavr 2oinrus tied) to eNT9 silt at mod? 
vrolosety ott TO soielqxs oft ew Gooe eA bavios 
hisl exw mobueserey 10 bite woud ody betedie enw 
an stow sesity tednal//  soteamlonie® ot aoge 
-ot Tham 70 ,yarelo sift ce sia tisd) oi dedbeate 
to maidowtng werd? dosot ot oeyad bas beotser 
AotatrolN viiedtorn On arad ow aii’). 
lod aepeilon men bison zug woilenods i 
sino istowe & ;elies! Avi dostetorD gove 
ots ritett sceetdeiaad vinlt rotdbedel teil! enw - | 
rhoyrsroeib ylemthencurt sow volt eho jyrtn0o 
viw msily yolgare bieole odv etinag sxolt bas” a 
sew eT oat haw seoncnoeiqaent shige bsasgeonds . 
woumidon adorned ile rgnome boalustio yfrusgili by 
heritet eines TW 1ew strong ofT casitio has ; 
bie ; newhtie sida wh sorfs001 oteving trout of 
andnorsazinper wl banct od gbgim nels 
vd ae Ailpos ysl) Bethe “inal, oat 
wt bersqing aly fail bow 2yod bersela ox 
Ybow:ls emt 2s gombb oti aew doulw ; 
wiow ayed nistwe ovwilw ,bnelbonl to betele mood 
a 


THE UNIVERSITY. FAP 


placed in the Jesuits’ institution at Gitschin. That 
their order produced some clever teachers cannot 
be denied; their merits in this respect are not mis- 
understood, even by Protestants. 

As they were unwilling to allow Protestants any 
longer to continue in the capacity of teachers, the 
persecution at last reached the Professors of the 
Caroline University, nor was it confined to those of 
theology merely. Hitherto the University had been 
in the hands of the Evangelicals. But on the 15th of 
March, 1621, thirteen articles of declaration were 
submitted to them by the chief commissioner. 
Nicholas Troilus spoke in their behalf, but he was 
immediatelyimprisoned. Two professors, the mathe- 
matician Basilius of Deutschenberg, and John Cam- 
panus, professor of the Greek language and poetry,* 
apostatized to the Romish church. Every patriot 
had reason to lament the immense and irreparable 
chasms which the expulsion of the most learned 
among them thus occasioned, for they were men 
who had been the ornamentof Bohemia. It is true, 
that in holding out threats of punishment, the domi- 
nant party may not have contemplated their flight, 
but rather their conversion to the Papal church, this, 
however, is very unlikely. Pelzel represents the 
affair thus :-— 

“ The Caroline University was snatched from 
the hands of the Protestants. Adam of Wallen- 
stein, by the authority of Prince Lichtenstein, issued 
acommand on the 30th April, 1622, that all non- 
catholic Professors should quit the University. A 
few days after the royal commissioners arrived : 
they sealed the archives and other papers of the 


* See Book of Persecutions, 414. 


" — te | 
tal? trios tn naliiali que hye 
Jones etelonst revel smoa rr faq tabs bee 
“sin You wis paletigc ery sels “ i | 
7 . auoleston'l yd wove dbootesbay 
Toe Sosrsienl wolls oF guillive sew yodted | 
_ of_wmidoest Jo yitlseqen edt ab aueitnes of tegnol 
2e= ~~ bil Jo eroestord olt barloset seal te moitwoswieq 
to seed! ©) Donfnos at ann soy intima in enilote) . 
mon! bert ytersvi) silt oreodtill  vferour-ygolosd) | 
wo Gl adr no tu alosiloyaarel ods Yo choad ods ai 
wow avtimbleh to esloine oot: ISO! glo | 
somoizeiataron witio onda yd imudt od bedisndos 
enw of tod Minded sist ni edoge anliovT ealodsil 
lta ot eeeioig owT timaosiagesi eledthaonmi 
-nteD dol, bite grad cedoztna Yo sailieg noise | 
*qusoy line sgtumpuol sion O onli to WaeRoig ~uneq 
toriay yoy lord deianodl ods ot haxissseogn 
sideraqeiti bas sanomint silt toescel on moeagt bad _ 
heneol deom odt io goialugxe sit sdoidw sends 
mont eto yo) 201 bdidiemno euult anedt 
2013 sial .aimoilofl to snemanto silt wxed-badl odw 
~ioroh ati gisrsarileicig 19 etewedd tno gatblod mi seul 
digift taltdwielyasinos syad son. your yring tran * 
ila wloindds foqe't oilt 0) noiewrnen tiads audsen dud 
adi easeviqer Insiol ylodilag ywov ai agyowod — 
—ieusls tists 
mont beidoisne enw ytizevial) snilow odT * 
-nolleW Yo moabA iuntaestord sit Yo abasd oil 
| boveei ymintenatdont oonixd to yiiroiliue odd yd ,rriste 
-non Ip tad? 2801 JingA 108 out ao basaunvs 6 
A yieiovinll ode inp bluode ewewiterh silodsuo 
‘ buvivis moapiasinnses Inyot out agile — wel 
oilt to. eraquq, salto hun eavisow pili 


fe pag Se 


a 


78 EXPULSION OF THE PROFESSORS. 


College, dismissed the Professors from their offices, 
and gave the building into the charge of John Cam- 
panus and John Basilius of Deutschenberg, who 
had in the mean time become Romanists ; and then 
the whole College, with all its estates, rights and 
privileges, was surrendered to the Jesuits of Str. 
Clemens. Thus all the Professors’ chairs in the 
Caroline remained vacant for the time being, and the 
old University, founded by the Emperor Charles 
IV. was, as it were, abolished.” 

Whilst one of the above-named Professors re- 
mained in the University, the other was appointed 
secretary to the Bohemian court-chancery, and 
counsellor to the Court of Appeals. He was a 
native of Leippa, and a learned man, also a citizen 
and proprietor of a brewery on the Kleinseite. He 
died in 1628. 

Most of them, adds Pelzel, resolved rather to for- 
sake their appointments and native country than their 
religion. It must also be remarked, that every one 
who held an office in the University, especially 
every Professor, had formerly been subjected to the 
law of celibacy, which was abrogated in the time 
of the Protestants. But that law is no longer in 
force in Bohemia, except where the Professors happen 
to be members of some order, as is the case in Pilsen, 
Prague and Jungbunzlau. 

Great was the rejoicing of the enemy over the 
destruction of this Protestant University. What 
opinion the Romanist clergy had formed of a Col- 
lege that permitted liberty of thought, may easily 
be seen from the panegyric which the Bishop of 
Valencia pronounced on the King of [vance in 1685, 
under similar circumstances. There it is. said : 
“ Of all the great deeds and actions which your 


- a 
ae 
ais ; 
sh = 7 


sheinieeen ant to worms “ “s 
othe vied arodt noudlotl-s ne 
ne) mol ieggude och onetl g nd 
nilw .gvimlvolsetind fo e rend bas anmeeq 
jolt ban 5 eine nail ienaiain 
hun evbohr aodeteys att Ue avi: rpalioD .sledyr os 
AB te Ainel adt ot bobinme: ewe aogsliving 
2oatt i cindy ‘eestond wit Me andl anomal — 
ott bis ypind sunita 40} tomnay bovine onthe 
shel) soxogind sais gd bobrwel yiizryrieW blo 
" lodeleda gren tien aw V1 
ow season hemen-oreds wilt do ooo. sll W . 
botnionea auve sorte ad? cyteevie J odd ot borers 
hit apinawiotnies nwiarudotl oda ot yustowese 
hen ofl elooqyA to tno oft of tollsamyon 
Hovitin o male seit howrmal # bie roqqiad Yo o7item 
oH vothvenintal oil ao yweroid a to sototqony bas 
ALOT wt bsib- 
vil of sorter hegiows josie abba lt Wo deol 
vied nett) estritos Ovid baa elusuiraiogee hod ada « 
mn ye felt bedi of ele deen aT 
Hainan aiiemviel oft si soffte ma bled odw 
ait oF betow|cee stot yhorctot bad poessletl yrove 
amid colt i hetiemende enw slow ypoadilos to wel. . 
ni wwyaol ener. wal dedi tv atemneoiorT. odd You o 5 
aucqased etonsitor Paris ord iys0x9 wintololl nisotoh 
deli ai okay oft ai ea prol0 ontoe Yo eradengar od oF A 
uisandgaul bie 9 ’ 
silt revo vittore Sidi ‘to guiniojs1 ols eae | : 
10 seytterovia aanteorord ooh Aosaslaitigd | 
lod 9 fo hostruit bad yyrla teiomoll adi colaigo 
yiiens yam silgandt Joys il bossiemmny te 
Yo. qauiaith ocr sdandie ting yorccy orld antodh 
wer i vont toy oil) a0 bonny 3 
hice et ai orolT — eopuntevnorio 


woy doidw enoten bite ebsob ‘oi : 


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Pe 


THE GYMNASIUM ROSARUM. 79 


Majesty has performed from zeal for the true reli- 
zion, the most useful and most important beyond 
all doubt, is the devastation of those colleges which 
were built without your Majesty’s authority, and 
where the young students were instructed in error ; 
the destruction of those seminaries, whence so many 
false preachers have issued to spread their noxious 
doctrines over France and the whole of Europe ; 
and the demolition of those churches which have 
proved so injurious and fatal to the state, and so 
pernicious and deadly to the Christian church in 
general. These will remain for posterity as the 
most christian memorials and monuments of your 
Majesty’s piety and godliness.” Such, doubtless, 
were also the thoughts of Clesel, Caratia, Lamor- 
main, and Ferdinand himself. 

They would not even allow the beautitul educa- 
tional institution at Sobieslaw, in the Bechin district, 
to remain unimpaired. The affluent Prince Peter 
Wok of Rosenberg, who died in 1611, had here, 
after having obtained the king’s letters-patent, 
founded a “ Gymnasium illustre,’ which soon 
assumed a flourishing appearance under the rector 
Michael Gehler of Gorlitz, who arranged it on 
the model of the Lusatian Gymnasium, and after- 
wards called it “Gymnasium Rosarum.” It had 
from forty to fifty free pupils, and many young 
noblemen and others from Bohemia, Moravia, and 
Austria. Gehler died in 1619, and was spared the 
pain of witnessing its destruction. On the results 
of those measures, even the Romanist author Pelzel 
thus writes:—“ As high as the Bohemians had 
risen in the arts and sciences, under Maximilian and 


Rudolph IL, just so low they were now sinking. - 


I do not know a single example of a learned man, 


= Fiivifon tinit bwasqa of butch -onetl aeulvagig sell 


- gitidiia 9 “vga wot am eae 
tan ‘ct Sa i aka 


7 es 


S <a 4 
sift oper oat wit ew cerewlt Tew rrsibeKg 4m ais 
bvcresdt dmmcrgersi teovirt tuy, Winin- oe i 
tloitty wapation saeult Yo wehtuctenivtly tla 


ae | 
has: etivedinn © ymnjald ner ago _ 
porte al borsuwanti ove apashets gewoy oft 'snad yr 7 i 


ae sonsily zemenione saorkt to dolodatenb oly 


Loyd io vio off hus sured eve eagintoab 

trad doilw edo ceult to néitiloath ol: bus 

oe bos ink oft or leat bee aveiwiiai oe hover 

Hi douniy aditern!) sty. of yltwods Dieta 

ot eo yiltetog tot cigar livesedT -deronrg 

iuoy lo arersetial oct ban eltisounomt gaiteids toon 

malidvoh dong "“wesetlhog bar yoiq eyreajelt 

sont) sitter) lee!) to entguddd sul) wale stew 
© disescid benetinet baw ote 

eonbs bwtinod alt wolle neve tom bluow yatT 

debe aniestl edt ni proleidu an mataetizeni lonold = 

wi soto] uguliia. slT  -bosioqeniew ison 08 

ord bed ALA nt bei odw. seduce fl Ye do” 

dasanq-ageriel # pata edi bowistdo paired wie 

noe dnidye “yaetenili ocviaaeme 6 behuwed 

volo oft whoa souemeqqe geidsrnol « bomuses 7 

so. bopagie oly sihith je tole Isadoilt 

-rfte ben wieecary anttcaud odt Yolobor oir 

badal “Vaweoil ania” a belles eben 

gouoy you hae 2liquy nit yA of yorod mon 

bis siemolh, simadod inont exedto baw rvsoldun 

oct barge enw be C11 ni belly wideD  seiteuA 

ailizet she saoitorieob ast Quivaontio Io: aieq 

loxtod soiltuabhdinareeS1 oil? neve eorveusur axed Yo 


si YP 


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a} 


80 . THE JESUITS. 


who distinguished himself in Bohemia by any marks 
of erudition, after the expulsion of the Protestants. 
The Caroline University was in the hands of the 
Jesuits, or, as it were, destroyed. By command of 
the Pope all promotions were suspended ; so that no 
one could receive any academical honours during 
that period. <A few patriots, laymen as well as 
clergymen, murmured publicly, but in vain; others, 
again, mourned in silence over the fall of literature. 
Most of the schools were managed by Jesuits and 
monks, where little more than bad Latin was 
taught. It cannot be denied, that there were men 
amongst the Jesuits who possessed considerable 
talents and knowledge; but their principle was, 
as it ever has been, and continues to be, wherever 
they are tolerated, that the people to be governed 
must not be enlightened, but be kept in igno- 
rance. Accordingly, they gave their pupils only 
the outward shell of knowledge, and kept the 
kernel for themselves, that they alone might 
monopolise learning, and outshine and excel in 
erudition, not only the laity, but also every 
order of monks. ‘They attained their purposes 
completely. To keep the people still more in dark- 
ness, they afterwards travelled from town to town as 
missionaries, and wrested their books from them ; 
to which they were obliged to submit, in order to 
avoid the punishment of a mortal sin, or everlasting 
damnation. These books, after having been examined 
by the Jesuits, were, with few exceptions, detained or 
destroyed. A Bolicmian book and a scarce book have 
from that time become quite synonymous. They also 
endeavoured thereby to etlace all remembrance of the 
former erudition, and the former freedom of Bohemia. 
For the same reason they moreover made their 


; ANTGER BAT 6 ‘ie 08 
«any yan ed aliiodoe ot Useenidt badaiirgniteih oper... 
| “antehertl oilt lo avialugzs oli vette woitibure to. 
i ott Yo alunul ode ul enw yaietevinll énifew ofT. - 
| io Damen 4 bovortagh ono ai am 70 cating 
on 40h O + bobogana ates artoitomtory tp oqo ods 
gitwk awoool isimebsos yas evisw Dives sae 
2228 fis 20 noutyol worog wht A. dhobtig, taddt. 
| ame ; view ai tud crlildeg betrarntat eyueggselo 
orideioiil in Ut alt tery vogalle aileron: wriage 
hue winesl, yd lopmanut stew sloorss oft to tao 
enw sited food omit) tors sltsil: oroddw edoont 
fort sew onde dali botuish od some al adguas 
oldrmlianes botesewoq ody etigesl oft tegaoma . 
aun siqmoigg tied? tod peybslwond baa etelat. ° 
wsvetulw of soumtne bie .a9ed and t9yed7 ae 
bortsveg ed of slqoaq-adt sed) bonerwlot ots yds. 
-~onyi Al dqeé od awd .benstdytles od tom gewor 
(ino aliquq wot) wag ys) -iynibrenoA .oomet 
wil tyod boo eobalwoad to lode browauo. alt... 
‘igios ongla. yal? tarts eovlvamods « ab. —— » 
i begets eer bon ~unletigl. seilogomom - 
verve oly tod cyte wht yuo dom ,coitihors 
,° emomung Teor Leminsse you'D- edaont le tobi ~ 
| -drab nivgioup ilitawlqooq 1) quod oT tlotsiqmos 
; a nwot or mot Mow belleret abrswyedta yodd wc 
; ood movt edood viel) byes. bay eohenviesiar 
oF ohne of tienes OF bopdde sear = toile 08. 
yaidemhove 10 cig Levon: «lo oni biove 
hon united aotis: edoud | iteitpomeb |. 
m4 wheal D nneil gga. tcl itty gn oll yd. 
oval ye emereent saucer deod 
aaiep cxneang aatete 2 moi 


inl yolT 
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mare lou 


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FS EI EPSILON IT TE IT TES TD 


DESTRUCTION OF PROTESTANT BOOKS. 81 


pupils believe, that before their arrival in Bohemia, 
there had been nothing but extreme ignorance in the 
land ; and carefully concealed from the people the 
works of our forefathers, and even their names. 
That which was afterwards collected and preserved 
of the ancient literature of Bohemia by the patriotic 
Balbin, was not suffered to be made known through 
the press until after the order had been dissolved, 
and great care was taken not to entrust any one with 
the manuscript.” 

The destruction of religious books was, in fact, 
the third principal measure, which, next to the 
seizure of the churches, and the expulsion of the 
clergy and teachers in general, was considered 
requisite, and this was executed with the greatest zeal, 
in order to effect the extirpation of Protestantism. 
There is no want of detailed information concerning 
the book-executions* which then took place, espe- 
cially the burning of German and Bohemian Bibles, 
which were searched out with great diligence, and 
maliciously thrown into the fire, whilst the most 
immoral works, such as Amadis, Melusina, the 
Decameron, &c. were suffered to remain in the 
hands of the people. 

Even before a systematic suppression of Protest- 
antism was undertaken by the commission of the 
anti-reformation, such destruction of books had been 
occasionally performed by the soldiery.  Pelzel, 
when speaking of the conquest of Prague by the 


* The burning of Luther’s works in Vienna had been ordered 
by Ferdinand I.; and as early as 1528 all printers and pub- 
lishers of sectarian books, in Austria, were threatened with 
drowning as corruptors of the country. 


VOL. II. G 


ab tant ae a Be 


Assy Khan Bis Boies 


i a a 


en eS AO a a a en A 


== 


58 anon cneieieh haaade 


* Siirendiot® ul Tarviray ll areitud teediae povaltnd 

al of domnory! calor | ped 

arlt sluooq dt aut buleoieets ‘haem ae 
pote. ninift sows baew yervilibberait tho . 
beriseviq hire bareeniter ddisuwrirethe an alder saelT 
_nitomeng oily qd aiutatad® ‘to ofpihystif xoatha ed Vo 
Augeroreeht ad efnaer od ot bowie tom atew coidintl 
haviodal yet tawl voters oll wos ire dewty old 
slaty avtes (ure fansite os Tot wader kaw etary vite been 
“Selinewpain od 

Sut ui gen aelons _ Ww soltgueneat ofT 
it nt teen jdoidw jwweusen ‘Inqioniny Dinh) ot 
oil te eoibrad cre yom uly Law geretuity tlt Jo wusniss 
bewhiaihs eon lew al ecsdynet ‘hin egaslo 
law's sextagy 4: Wvannnee any sie bere otieiapes 
inate! Yo wolteptires siti teditecet seb atl 
arta eae lieth lo sew on at otodlT 
ogee noiiq- dag ont doidw *enoingamdood ads 
i usiyenln hon weyrrat) lo yaternd sift yllsio 
hina y insvy itiw iio Wedsigse orw doidw 
ton itt LA ol tah mewn ghaansintl azn 
oft gieeieii wtams se dows otto Liou 
oli at ain of bowie stew ow forseunea 


lqang wld Yo aboad 
-teai0tT to ue Sininateye a ordled wove 
alt Yo ot Yd nodistehaw ew wreidon 


do coliguitesb eo hanr ne rnacoe 
oxlt yal 

‘ta leapt ot Yo 4 ye asdw 

‘ome’? uf edraw aStied YW. | 


ney! 


Re 


82 DESTRUCTION OF 


imperial forces in 1620, makes the following re- 
mark :—. 

“The Spanish and Low Country soldiers searched 
all the libraries of the citizens, to which they were 
no doubt urged by the dominant clergy, selected all 
the Bohemian books, carried them in heaps to the 
public places, and burned several thousands, without 
any one examining whether they deserved to be 
consumed by the flames or not. In this tumult 
the whole edition of Dalimil’s Chronicle, which 
had just issued from the press, was destroyed, 
excepting only three copies.” 

Of the rules prescribed by the Popish church on 
this subject, we shall extract the following from the 
work, “Synodus archidicecesana Pragensis, habita 
a Dom. Sbigneo Berka, Archicpiscopo Pragensi, 
1605” :—“ Every one knows, that the reading and 
use of dangerous and false books is a creeping 
pestilence to the souls so dearly purchased with 
the precious blood of Christ. To remedy such an 
evil, and to preserve the purity of the catholic faith 
and doctrine, several Popes of Rome have made a 
distinction between approved and orthodox, and 
noxious and apocryphal books, in opposition to the 
enemies of our faith, in order that incautious and 
simple people may not be deceived by their delu- 
sions and snares. But that the people may the 
easier know which books and writings are to meet 
with disapprobation, either as suspected of heresy, 
or as useless to piety and virtue, or as requiring 
at least some alterations; a register thereof has 
been formed and published, together with a special 
law, by Pope Pius IV., which was afterwards increased 


<o goiwolldt oir arden C881 ai rootol Teteqai 
jrutvase evlblos ytanoD-wod has dtenq@ bad 
wow volt dole or enositio galt Io gohuwndil oelt 
Vir betosloa cguials Jonata: alt a Degueadsobom | 
alt ot aqoulet omal barrra dood anitnedofl ads. 
aethiw sharers ewe boawd benesonlq oildvq 
of of bevieh yod? wyledw yenttentrs sm0 yas 
shonet et? oh ser to eontalt ol yd boreanoo. 
lott yloinowd’) efiatila(1 Jo noitile slow sl 
ieorteh eee zesty odt moth hanest dauf bad 
“s0i709 synht “lie yalqeons 
wo faves deiqod oda rd boditoenny calor edt 10 
oli mot? gaiwollel eds somtze llade ow sonjdmedids =~ 
ctidel aianoyerd socemonihidow exhoaye” drow 
Femme’ oqosaiquidA 22040 oongid@® od # 
hoo yuthest edt tadt eword ano qwyel 
usiqsor n ef elood wald bie evowgaab To seu 
tiv heendyrieg ¢lrsoh or einoa odd of : 
x tome yhoo aT ashi Yo boold empinenq ols. ~ 
Lite ollodine od® Yo ythory oft ovreeng of baa, live 
s slow syed aol Ww eoqo'l lowvoe aitewb ban 
bee sobodtoo bes bevoigqs caenied molioaiteib 
elt ot moitianqqo af adood ladiproeqe bas emoinom 
boo avoitunent aad volvo ui «lid awe Jo asimeno 
-ulob viele yd hevivnebod ton voor sigong alqarie 
odt yonr olgooq ot doris ivi eorsaa hae anole 
pont ot ote agiiti jem edood doidw wond tse... 
reat lo betveqena 20 todtie noitedougeuall dtiw 
gahivps vuetiy Les yisig of aeoloey e6 to 


° 


gol torwilt ® senditrmtia sate re ie 
Iainage 2 tin 19 deildug hao baal mead 
ay a -ViewiLaqat ydwat 
+2 ; 7 ae 


7 


a eto een aa 


panera 
PE re wen ere —we 


EPO hae ng 


PROTESTANT BOOKS. 83 


by command of Clement VIII. We now will and 
command, that this register, with some additional 
rules, adapted for our capital and arch-diocese, shall 
be printed, and observed by every one, and at all 
times. That the priests, confessors, preachers, 
schoolmasters, printers, and booksellers of every 
description, may the better know what they have to 
do in such an important matter, they are to keep a 


copy of the above-named register and act, and in their 


respective official capacities, cause others to act in 
accordance with the rules therein contained. And 
since all other books, which contain false, heretical, 
erroneous, scandalous, immoral and _ irreligious 
doctrines will also be prohibited by the holy apos- 
tolical chair, after the publication of the aforesaid 
register, we further command, that all such books 
shall be added to the Roman list, for the better 
information of all, and that the rules prescribed 
concerning the other prohibited books shall moreover 
be observed in reference to the use and reading of 
these. Whoever reads or retains heretical books or 
any other writings that are condemned and _ pyro- 
hibited, on account of heresy or suspected false 
doctrines, without having a permission from the 
holy apostolical chair, subjects himself to immediate 
excommunication, besides other punishments, as 
appointed by the apostolical constitutions and the 
canonical laws. But le who reads and retains the 
books which are prohibited by the church from 
other motives, is guilty of a mortal sin, and can 
neither be absolved by a sccular, nor by a monastic 
priest, until he has either delivered unto us the 
books or a list thereof. Whoever has any here- 
tical or other prohibited writings, shall brmg or 


be ae) 


oo2 


— ay oval volt tebw won aerad aiid virus diabagcrsenh 


asa Aoqquibaa ine satecilt ox” sonstter ai horwado od 


Oo oO ae 
ad wagons TRerertona = 
uwitix worn AY 
husnitlisias excioe Aatw pen “ait 
Hinte xwwoib-dow bew batiqny march 
Oi tt ban oro yroen yd lowsede bow opi 
Aion omsinon ehery alr daft -eemnit 
Sperm: mullodood bite exetntnp -etstemuttoodne 


piped! sie yodld-tontnee. uaroqent ga dene ai ob 
vigil! oi bre fon ate tatelyor ivvctwur rode ents to yqon. 
wi jon af eile seneo cditisegay lainfia svitosqest 
ba Letitirep atiowals axler silt iitiw semeitoson = 
dastivwi ald siaines dedilw dood oalo ty sonic 
~eromiert bere “iereynun etrelabanse eves | 
-corn clad oilt ql! bothtivlerg od ols Hiv eanixtsob 
~ bieeorwty ot Wo atiteiide ssl afte siedo Iesilos 
edood dlowe [é tetl) baecunos todrit ow proteiget 
toned see wit dell wommof ode of bebba od Maeve 
Lodizerny avhet oes dais Liew lle to noisertot ai = 
vavoviont Hinde edloed Letididoerg tad30 ald 


10 edood dugirsted ecintr 1 abnor wees  oeods 

ony baw baxweboos ots tnd) eyaltiow swrlto yas 4 

seit baton wo yer! Yo taveous no ,botidid ‘= 
alt anh pists) « geived guodtiw esaitioob 
sinibommmd of Yeanued ave(die cred Insiletaoye ylod 

eo aaourdeiang oie sbieed sroitesimumarosxs 

sult baa enoitmitanoy lisiloroqa ott yd hotnioggs | 

od anistot has ebeot ody of tee \ewel isoinonse 

ott dowlo edt yd boviditory os. stoltlw edood 
se bite ate lemwor o lo yilivg e aovionr totltio 
nimomt as Yd toe whivoe «7d hovioede od ‘otlzion 
_ alt sue eter heiiiob tilting eit oil Titer 

arrest yee sod aorgod 7 ootait tail x 

1 peind Sole pa batidideng rile 0 lwo) 


84 DESTRUCTION OF 


send them, within the next month, to us or our 
official; otherwise he shall incur those punish- 
ments and censures which are appointed for such 
acts of disobedience. No books or writings what- 
ever shall be printed, unless they are previously 
examined by us or our official, and are provided 
with our approving signature. Of the books which 
are to be printed, the author must immediately send 
us a copy with his signature, to be preserved in the 
archives of the archbishopric. No one shall pub- 
lish any works, books, commentaries, or whatever 
they may be ealled, unless they have previously 
been examined by us, and bear our imprimatur. 
No bookseller or hawker shall offer books for sale, 
without having first submitted them, or a list 
thereof, to us or our official, and received our writ- 
ten approbation. But they shall not attempt to sell 
such books as are not contained in the list of the 
permitted, nor in any manner give or entrust them 
to any one else. 

“Tfa priest shall hear that books are sold or carried 
about in his community, he shall immediately investi- 
gate the matter; and if he find that the venders do not 
possess a list with our signature, or are selling books 
not named therein, he shall prevent the sale and 
further distribution, and send us the titles thereof. 
Also, all publicans and inn-keepers shall give us im- 
mediate information of those who come to their 
houses for the purpose of disputing on religious 
subjects, or of selling and distributing heretical 
books.” 

The following instruction is also given to the 
father confessors :— 

“Those who have retained, read, printed, or 


ob i a ec 


ne tS em 


10 worrsusvasa co 
sO ae Ob rae: teow ah witiew: etait he 
~claceeuey. sweoiht sno [lnle od seiereedty y Maisie 
Hone 4h Lerniogis om dotdwr onennne tien taints 

oo |. ht ageere 10 elood of domnibadesily to ema 0° 7 

. Havterg en yols exstoo -batetig mil Made weve 

haber ses ian lnivite tue %0 sa vt fontaee @ 

SBRilar whe wiood ol) TO s11tinege gerreqyn to Hie 

tert vhooilvanomd tem rode cd? oreig sob ote 

silt wi beriseny 9d) of aurtermgie ail sith yes wa 

“dug Undesco oV samqodeiddoadr to eavidewm 

ormatw to 2ohetieenien goad etow via dell 

vievetvorq ovad galt asl jbolles off yaar ysils 

Swtomingen tie tes! hee «a vd foots aed 

oles wt edood vilte ode todwed to llaedood of 

vil « vo gtedt bostrades 2 oniend ayodstiw 

“ha ano bevigoet bag letocio wo Ww et oF Jorreds 

Hoe of dqeraite sow Unie yads tu 2 i! 

silt lo wil odt wi beniensos Jom ote en doua [ 

edd Murtos We o¥ig_s9Hd0t Yas oi ton hottie — 
-2aforeao 78 OF 

ini. sobioe smn 2dood saith tood Moile teattq 2" 

-itee vil vloteibourml fads onl wrinnereooail of woods 

tout of axatvomne-ode dads betit 11 6 him + toHtau ot oteg 

elood grilles ste downy 140 ddl Oeil eRoRHOd 

fun shee ods aaaveiy Uule od joivred? bouren Jor | 

Joomla elie oft am buss bine ,woitudinteib wilt 

“itil ex wvhg lady eunapuadd-nti bvrn ding Ile ,oalA 

tins of varoo ow wo) 16 noite i otutbom 

ehotgiln no guilvqeth YW soqiuq ot a6t esevod 

} ved uaiindintely ban vuillsa Yo bas an cart 


mee  wolrouiseni guivella 0 =) 
: et eronedinen indi 
4 410 jboaing hate dealite sae Slepsapate™ haan 


Pep tes en 


sereroreern 


PROTESTANT BOOKS. 85 


caused to be printed, any heretical, or otherwise 
prohibited books and works, are in no wise to be 
absolved in their confessions, unless they first sub- 
mit or bring unto us the books and works in 
question. But those who have read, retained, 
printed, or in any way promoted the books of the 
heretics, which contain heresies, or even such as 
only treat of religion, whether in public or in 
private, without a permission from the apostolic chair, 
have thereby incurred the papal excommunication.” 

After the victory of the Romanists, it must there- 
fore have been a chief object to wrest the so-called 
“heretical books” from the people, and even totally 
to destroy them, [or these books strengthened the 
Protestants in their convictions, and occasioned 
them to reflect on matters of religion. The priests 
objected to have the Bible read in the native tongue, 
because the others always defended themselves with 
passages from Scripture. But the more the Bibles 
were prohibited and taken away, the greater became 
the desire to study them. Hence it is that those 
Protestants had so great a knowledge of the Bible; 
the clergymen particulariv were wonderfully con- 
versant with the sacred writings. It was therefore, 
of course, considered a solemn duty to destroy these 
books, whereof the Protestants had a large number, 
which they highly valued; and to commit them to 
the flames, was not only the easiest way of de- 
stroying them, but was also a spectacle that excited 
attention. Several descriptions of such scenes have 
been left upon record. 

The “ Book of Persecutions” contains the follow- 
ing information :—‘‘ How they have raged against 
the books, is perhaps already known from report. 


iz isteach \initialalb wait lag os 
. sh oo s8iw on ai ots aarow baw adood 
=the tev} yous eesinw ‘ahaiaaibialildlan di 
bi pdiow baw edood ot ap lotew nro 
sreninier .besr ove ow eats tll perl 
ods. te sedood silt betomony yew yar fi 10 ,baining 
== en ilove nove 1 jeoheoved nieteos dotdw elieted 
si oo siiday ab codteder noigiles lo dao yao 
eri ailetengs ols mort noleserng « Iporltin ateving 
Leniecinnens ieqey ods hovtinet ydsvdp sya 
oviett tenor tt eainerod ody lo yroteiy abt etl 
buliey-o# ols Savnw od Jaside Yoitlo:.2 inane ova endl 
vitwies coy duty slqooq alt mott “dood Insitored * 
sult hosailtgewnte adood sod) 16% stent) yorteob of 
Lonoiame hin ,notorvecs senkt ab etaetentor9 
erarg all .awigilet Yo 2rsttem ne mother of aneds 
Sogou evixe obb ai bass ofditl alt areal ot betesido 
dtin covlowwmeds dolasteb exrwle etadto ot wmummosd -_ 
asidlitl sult exon sis ttl - .arnghene croft sogpaneg 
ws atmo ianery ot “rade ides bon betidisdueg snow 
seo soda i eonell casiht-yhota-on etizah of 
radial sda Wo oghelwoud « 1n9ng Ge hawk eteretestord 
709 Vivinghnew. sow vlintrolied semmyymlo ods 7 
olor) aewael epaninw bes edaaltiw suensy 
soil! yoreh of yiib nolo » batabianos jee to 
redone spiel edad oreeesiort ade Touradly aadood 
of sols tumetey oF ben jbouler ylipal yods doidw 
= yew desiene oilt vino som sew potesh silt 


idito 7 


Yviioxs seid alomtouge-s o-le anv and yenodt gatyoue 
eval oe dave Wo enoityinneeh loved yseltuotts 
froowt modi fal aed 
swollut wiisiailiia “enoinesvt Moatootl * adT 
“Astcinegi hoger ovael yonlt wo *—rnoteniinl gai 
oq mol amend ybunta a ae 


86 DESTRUCTION OF 


Thousands of Bibles, not to mention other hooks. 
have been burned by these tyrants, that they might 
not do less than Antiochus once did, as we read in 
1 Macc. 1.59. The general punishment tor almost 
all books, was the fire; and as far as we know, the 
example of the Count of Nachod, who had formerly 
been a Protestant, and after his apostacy caused his 
religious books to be buried in his presence, stands 
alone. The manner of burning the books was various. 
Some committed them to the flames at home in 
private (like Jehoiakim, Jer. xxxvi. 23); others, as 
in Fulnek, brought baskets full to the market-place 
and burned them there; and in Saaz, Trautenau, 
and elsewhere, they collected for that purpose  cart- 
loads of books without the city walls. In other 
places, again, as in Konigingratz, they were 
brought to the place of execution, or under the 
gallows, there piled up, and then destroyed by fire. 
But beware, lest the dispersed innocent ashes of 
these inanimate martyrs do not promulgate still more 
widely the doctrine, which you wish to extinguish !”’ 

“ At Saaz, the bocks which had been previously 
collected in the town and neighbourhood, having 
been condemned to the fire by the commis- 
sioners in 1630, were piled up on a rising ground 
outside the town, near the aqueduct, and there 
destroyed. When all others were consumed, a 
Bible (Simon Swobada’s) that was only singed on 
the edges, and a Hymn-book of the old edition, re- 
mained; they were preserved as memorials, and 
afterwards taken by the exiles of Saaz to Freiburg.” 

Such burning of books was nothing new in 
Bohemia, for even in the beginning of the 15th 
century, we are informed, that “the monks, having 


semen SAN NONE NE rst Ak Sh Heb nbd te) 


. — 
| a0 KoMDsRTAa | 
wdeied toddto proisitaert on som oldie Ae 


diy iar seat sailt ahourey? gearlt yet be 
dh baer Sir de (bib anne aunionitah peg 
+ | eeeete wip aneodeicce emeey ofT 06 5 208% = 


vit west ow : on wt «9g bes pod ods we ahd ie 
- pt Bess orler dodos% te mum? ult Io oigatéze 
. fl bwesi romeo sid tafe has raatestarl # ave 
 — ‘ ebarae sormsssy ath bsisudhed ut elood evorgilos 
a snot? ase elood att gaiated te tom dT: mobs 
pi omrod is eormalt odt or seat bottionmos. emo. 
- en aradio 7 (8& fvane sob amisdetotol adil) stewing 
sonlq-reaseas alt oF Bail aisannd: niguen! dealvl at 
rsawtietT 200% oi Sine :eradt soot boated bas 
tras seoqpteg ett 46 betostion. yal? rodevels baw ~ 
vlto a] ellen gato ocir -tnoiltiw-edood Yo: abpol 
eww vodt stitrmtgiaed ni em .aiege esonlq 
sit wheat 10 nolitimexs Yo _soalq tlt of tdguond 
ort v0 Wwvortesh ave? ban .qu haliq aasdt ewolleg a 
Yo sole taser: baeroceih oft deal pwwed ol, 
ston: Ulrs whogtinweny Jom of et: rear atamnioem Seon 
"! slacuntites oPilaivewo7 doidy onittooh odt-ylobiew 
— glevoryste seeded doit elood: old sent ah” ; 
scive! .honteedigien bra mvod ot ni-batoolfoo 
-einmoo ottt yd gsi odd of boaebaaa- maed 
banorg pelt eo qu boliq ow OGL ut etonoie 
owls bes soobeeps -olt sar. sewed Silt, obietiuo 
+ banuenos omw ado Uo nad, | 
wo le sino ww intl (e'chudowS- aomiB).oldiGl a 
a blo oft Ie dood-amyH pe ee aN 
br: eliitencsm ee Dering sow 
} “ytndin'L ot sent ‘ww ilixe ols yd 
ah wan gnidion: nat ado Yo 
ec! ers (dai ai stove 
‘yoived ~daom ait sbomntolal ov 


on eR ITA ToT Ue eam 


iii PRR te 


PROTESTANT BOOKS. 87 


been forsaken by the king and the academy, 
incited the archbishop Sbinko of Hasenburg, a 
man who could scarcely read, and prevailed with 
him to condemn the works of Wicklif, which were 
burned on the 16th of July, 1410. According to 
/Eneas Sylvius, above 200 volumes, most beautifully 
written and elegantly bound, were then thrown 
into the flames. We also have some Bohemian 
verses (written by a husbandman), in which that 
illiterate censor is bitterly blamed. At that time 
Huss wrote an essay on the reading of heretical 
books, and delivered an address in defence of 
Wicklif’s work on the holy Trinity, which was also 
burnt with the rest.” 

Holyk, in his work so frequently alluded to, also 
relates these facts, and as an eye-witness, touches 
upon circumstances not yet given, which we will 
therefore insert here :— 

“When the commissioners and their suite, the 
Jesuits, had arrived, they called the people to- 
gether by the tolling of the bells; when all were 
assembled, they explained to them the cause of their 
visit, and exhorted them, in kind, sweet, and 
gentle words, to bring them all the books they had. 
Some, who were timid, and feared to be betrayed 
and punished, brought whatever books they pos- 
sessed. Butothers did not bring them all; though 
this was of little avail. For the whole of the books 
thus brought together were immediately carried, by 
people in waiting, to the market-place, and thrown 
into a large fire already prepared for the purpose, 
with sentinels around it, that none of them 
might be snatched from the flames. In the 
mean time they went from house to house, 


v3 RkOOR raaregroge © a 
‘erowluoe wt bane nald sdf yd genet aosd 
& ,prvdasashl iy odaide - | ot“ beginai 
thtiw bolton bie down ylowtoehvon ory cam 
sew ioidw idol to edeow elt tmebans of mid 
oe goilbwoot, O16! ipl db od? fo bomud 
vilvtizussd tao sortelor ODE azoda ielyly@ enon dh 
aeons onli swe dat yitoigels hes. nottine 
teivcadod ames aval ole od ces oli onat 
deel sloidve nd Comecbendamd ae ord teoustew) essen 
amit tui? 2A toureld ybuaitl 2b qverump omptedilli 
lnitvied 10 paibest sult mo Yaees op tor een H 
Jo sntieh ni eembh:e ue bes zilet tae dvod 
only wave daider orticikT ylod ala nogtion a tildotW 
“ieoteoult ier divmed 
ode (0 ishulla yhaorpsit oe drow eid ot lye 
eodniod aminiivesy9 oo en bag ein) segilt extulsr 
Hew ow diddy «woriy toy ton-toonetemuytty goqu 
| ~ ov oterl trent adisrald 
wht dive ciedt Len e19q0izaietmes odd ded VT * 
~0) oiqeeg oilt bollso yada pbovinw: hed divest 
ow He mul jeliod lt lo guitar ede yd tosdtog 
shot to aauiza ory ror) ot boaishyre yadi bolilaranas 
bes doawe bal wi ood batgodes bee dixiv 
shes! gent adood onl Ilo aii) gain ob brow oltagg 
beytod ad ot bornst bus. biavit ore ody ome 
toq yout edooi! wrsiadw adguond,! bus 
dquo jibe sli Quind son bib eratoith . 
edood oils toate ods 10% tava olizil Yo move eit 
ed ,boirmas yloinibecini ov wodeyed nhgmord aud) 
wordt Lin gamelgetdinut ods or ggnitian ae vlqoaq 
omg tny ait wh bessyq ybewnke oi ogni a otal 
mol) Wo omon jodi 7] buweweoeieninws didi 
ol al downed od? grort hodotgax ad, tulyica 
eevod oF oruod cei snow vody, ould mgom 


5 


88 DESTRUCTION OF 


and searched throughout the cellars, lamber-rooms. 
and corners.* All the chests and trunks had to he 
opened, and the books found were forcibly taken 
away. They who had concealed them were imme- 
diately imprisoned, and afterwards were not only 
fined, but suffered corporal punishment, and a 


lengthened confinement, according to the caprice of 


the commissioners. When they had collected a large 
pile of volumes together, amongst which were several 
hundreds of handsomely bound Bohemian Bibles, 
they kindled a great fire and burned them, accom- 
panying the deed by many blasphemous words. One 
of them said :—* Look, look, how beautifully they 
burn, those heretical books with their false doctrines ! 
Now this is only done to the books; but should any 
one be obstinate enough after this to refuse coming 
back to the true Roman faith, then shall he be 
burned in the same manner !” 

“ Alas! I cannot tell how many beautiful volumes, 
brought in barrels and boxes, have been destroyed 
by fire, not only in my own native place, but in 
every town and village throughout the kingdom. 

“ This destruction of books was begun before I 
was born, as I have read in a manuscript, which 
states that they were sought after with such 
madness, that the people were all terrified at the 
violence and rage of those who were engaged in 
the search. In smali places, where they could not 
collect a sufliciently large number, they did not 
think it worth while to burn them publicly, but 
destroyed them at home in the house of the dean 


* Even the space beneath the dog-kennels had to be used by 
the friends of the Bible as a hiding-place for their treasure. — 
Comp. Elsner’s Hist. of Persecut. 506. 


hr iA Maan des ead 


sik Labeled aad kM se 


PUTO PNET UNUE NT Hert ew miner Nort Wl Wr on re er ood 


en Tees 


ham td a 8 bt 


qo MorrouHreaa - | Be 
snootadiet sraiies edt tuodgvorts 
od ot jai eduared be etesde ols WA "sme boa 
noder vidivtl sm basct adood ot bas .banege 
meni #60 tas) belessace bed oh yodT  syewe 
lio toa wow emewresta bas .baxoerypai’ yoielb 
o bere dasmridzinnng isioqroo heowiioe awd boat 
fo po uf athens damaroniteon er 


sul whatestion had yoltmod 7 .exsnoieeieemon ods 


intdrse iow ibidw teueone coitgot oarwlov to ofig 

iG asienlod beved yomeeboad Jo shotband 

-nrqoor rats Lewin bar si gave a bothata vols 
sO eliow evorsodyeuld your ve hash oil 

volt vilvtinmed wod .Adol tool “—: hime avedd fo 

Lesaittoob walt vada dtiw edood Lasitved seodt sowed 


yon Livesds and: ;2dond ony ol snob ylaw #7, aisha work , 


uoimon seiter of silt ite yuens einuitado od ag0 
oJ af Made eeult sAbvait nomot sot ali ot dond 
“tieane sotee oils of heed 
asuiulov luhitiemesd your vod sy sommeo 1 fala 
lwyovtenb meal avatl 2sxod bug.zlemad ai ddyword 
ni iud eonlq svites avo ven ni yloo som writ yd 
swobyalal ol? suodouoult ogalliv bag ewet yxxve 
I stdted eupad ane adood 10. wottowieed ellT + 
toidw qi at wi boot ove 1 eo med asw 
ilove dtiw asfie aipuoe gi9w pee toi) estate, 


., Mt aa befttrwr Me otw olqeoq ost tens = 
ni bensyna sisw oly seoila Jo ot gr on 


yor blues yedt emia evoniq iene. 


son bib yult wodmmmme opial  y na an 
tod y¢lsitdug eqod ged oa slide mow a - 


cused’ to savor al a omod se sede, boyortealy 
qd bord od ot bad alowgagegob ai) dtesand oil aovt © 


ESreee ads oi ae Sedbedihnil:iss 
rade =e, 4 alerted Nacsilhn Soa peel a 


7* 


~ 


a ee 
lk 


PROTESTANT BOOKS. 89 


or of the priest, where they were either thrown into 
the fire, or used for private purposes. In the 
monasteries they cut and tore the Evangelical books, 
which had been obtained by violence, retaining the 
coverings, if they were of value. O! how many 
have I secretly read in my cell, and then, after 
taking some notes, have reluctantly replaced them 
or burnt them in my room, that [ might not be 
detected. At present, however, when they lay hold 
of any of those works of value, they do not destroy 
them, but keep them secured and concealed in their 
libraries, that none of the “ Fratribus,’’ who are not 
“Lectores Theologie,”’ or proper preachers, should 
have access to them, unless with the special per- 
mission of the superiors. | have seen such books in 
the library of the Jesuits at St. Clemens, where 
amongst others, I observed some locked up in a 
trellis work, and mostly bound in black leather. 
On asking the Jesuits what kind of books these 
were, they answered, ‘“‘ Mere heretical, Lutheran, 
and Calvinistic books, and they are bound in black 
because they are condemned, prohibited, and 
devilish.” There is no end to this inquisition and 
persecution; for in the large towns, as well as 
in Prague, two priests have been appointed as 
inquisitors and examiners of such heretical works. 
They go twice a week to all the book-stalls, and as 
those who deal in books do not always understand 
them, these inquisitors examine all they find, and 
write their names in those which are not Evangeli- 
cal or openly heretical. But if they find any which 
are Evangelical, they either have them carried 
home, some one always following them for 
that purpose, or destroy them; sometimes also, 


8 AnOog Ths TeaTORS” a ie an 
omni mvortis tits os vodd orsil7y ,seoliiy add Yo 90 
oly nl asmownniq oteving act Dom 0 lori oily 
aalond Ltloynsd gels 107 bere teey eyed eobtetenno 
silt Qatwiarst ,wostoiv yd beaiedic med had doittey 
yas wo 'U  sulev to ise ysilt Th egal 
satis wait fn Il Yn ot heer yess I eved 
: oe AT Tt lier “iestonisy ovort jeotor smos guides 
wd tou slur T ted? ,mees ver ot rods tered 20 
lod yal vod ost crovewou! moserg 1A” Stosteb 
vores ton ob sil) olay Yo adtow stort to yaw Yo 
nis at belrssnos hie bet cost dood dud xrod) 
ton me ow “endrart ” Sits Vo ombin tod? gahurdil 
Lisols ersidownq taqou to “witselosHtl’ exotest” 
“toq Ieinone ofl dtiw gol sed? OY amsioe over 
af edoud ipne eos avail 1 stobiseie 6da Yo moiseien 
soil enact!) FS. 1a sits oe Yn quedil oilt 
w ti qu bedool omoe bovwedo T vedio tepnoms 
wediovl donld at bavod yieoar bea Gow siflsy 7 
senlt edond to bald solw esi ot yailes oO 
drersdtid Feat salt Biteimud Spult evow 
donkd at hewed v0 yoilt bus eduod SiteiaivieD bas 
bua dhissidishenis eumsbies oi yad? sayaoed 
bos nobfizinwl aly of bis on at oT * deifivah 
eo Mew es ervor eel adi al ps ; Hoi 
#8 bermioqqn wsad oval eying owd arom ni 7 
sabia tient To exsnitencs lite select 
en bos eller-dood silt Se 01 dhew # sdiwt oy yolT 
banterobats exowls 100 ob edood wi leah oily sod 
bue bit yody We suimors atoslelipat seolt pero 
-ilogasy somats sil seodt ad eopien Tiollt otitw 
Hynde yao beh yeds Ys uvtl Anviteradl \ytearyo 40 lao 
forma molt ved sltio yas sloviloganS oe 7 
wh mods paivroilol eawle yao ores ; 
(wale somitomes } teailt “yous gy eoecepune daelt %~ A 


oo i 7 + 
“ 
ae n 


90 DESTRUCTION OF 


from particular favour and good will, they lex: 


GaSe 


them :with the bookseller, not indeed to be Solel, 
but that other people may be entrapped therel.. 
So wonderfully singular are these mad people, ths: 
they leave heathenish, fabulous, and other shamet)' 
and offensive works untouched, and exposed for sale,’ 
whereas they cannct bear the sight of eoily. 
holy, and spiritual books, though they contain 
nothing against the Pope or the papal doctrine; 1: 
they have only been printed in Wittemberg, Leipziv. 
Nuremberg, or any other Lutheran town, they 
must either tear them in pieces or burn them.’+ 
One of the most remarkable of these inquisitors 
was Anton Koniasch, who laboured as missionary 
in 1637. ‘* He was especially anxious to destroy thie 
old Hussitish writings. Wherever he preached he 
charged the people to render up the whole of their 
books for his perusal, representing their non-com- 
pliance as the ‘sin unto death.’ He then kept back 
those that were suspicious and offensive, and con- 
demned them to the flames. A biographer and Jesuit. 
assures us that Koniasch burned more than 60,000 
volumes. He possessed a peculiar gift for espying 
the libraries of the Hussites, regardless of all 
danger, being often ill-treated and beaten. On one 


* Leo X. published a bull in favour of the romantic works of 
Ariosto, and threatened to excommunicate those who should 
hinder the reading or the sale thereof. 

+ Even inthe eighteenth century the Jesuits delighted in 
such book burnings. When Augustus Mobius was appointed 
teacher at Teschen, he procured some Evangelical books 
from Leipzig ; but the Jesuits obtained an imperial command 
that these books should be burned by the executioner, that 
Mobius should be compelled to witness it, and that he himself 
should be dismissed from his oflice. See Schulze Suppl. to Otta’s 
Up. Laus. Liter. Lex. 279. 


ces ce ae alm 


pow are Cnr pest) Peer ere 


ni OR eal Ml AA A ak ok we 


7 
qo worratwrasd 
Jrgal anil cliiw haves jury marcel. - tales i ag LOT 
D  Adloe nil ot fiashat aon wlleadood ot ddive a {3 
: salto Hecggertinee od yan sfeyoacy: raclign, ap pd 
| ult iqoaq bam azalt oe tolrguie glivdiesbaow of | 
7 hoes ele Sac zvolurdd deinedteul ovesl 
‘lie Tet hemes bos bodouenste atom oiasiic 
1 ie tesariare silt tes! tonne godt enstodw 
veins yoy sWguedi stood laninige bas ,ylod 
7 7 ) peatieok bens odd 10-9904 od) teaiege gridten | 
: bisifiet servant 7 nt habaig naed ylmo ovad yors 
galt aewot undead wedio yas 40 ‘ayiederoii 
Y ,eneds ovwd tw eso9iq ni toils 120d wealtio tewor 
 uteinpa’ ceo) to oldaduaunst dont adi to acO 
vuooleint en honnodsl ~odw ,doesinoA sotmA cow 
whi -voreeb or eaoltne yiintonqes eow ot" TROL ai 
ait hodanon art savers W~ apaitirwr sitio blo 
aly To alodar ackt qn toler of alqosq edt begrado 
—-afitee~0nr tial Bitinsesisy hy Anierray aul rot ailood 
ded xd asd oll “alteob esau nis * ot mp ail 
=o hon wvrianitlo Law esoiniqeds-wow. duds. a 
tinol bins aackqemmaid A pranin er r way 
900,00 axily ovo barrud rlocuine dl tad) au enmesa 


i vot (thy mitlaoed as bezesewoy- io. 
tla to selbreger ,estiaer lt oc) Jo eoisendil ods 
suo 10 .coted bie betovd-[i noite gaied .segasb 


fe hor oiierue: sdf fo were ai tod o bocaiflog Nome * 
hiveds G8# seod* sxesiawmmtoors of beooteruls aw joteoitA. 


ah boncigiloh ati euleeee mene 7 


tusniogge saw pon sal? ceyaimod dood 

advo Luottagaar sae bowing vd oodoesl de pee | 

beams loteqms on feotato tions ols sod pg aot 
uolinens od ed bamnad cee hinaste Pye nat sate — 


rod sh ii alas 7 - 
eens oF .appue rN ye 


Pes 


at, 


rere: nee 


PROTESTANT BOOKS. 91 


occasion he was locked up three days in the hogsty 
of a peasant whose books he was there searching 
for. A certain Count Spork kept a printing 
office and an author in his castle; but his whole stock 
of books was confiscated through the influence of 
Koniasch, who also mutilated several thousands of 
Bohemian books with his own hand, and struck out 
the offensive passages with ink.” 

As the commissioners of the anti-reformation were 
convinced of the necessity of thus destroying 
books, these Jesuit auxiliaries were very valuable 
auxiliaries to them. Regarding the former, it is well 
known that they, especially the privy counsellor 
and burgrave, Charles Hannibal Dohna, who with 
Oppersdorf and Lichtenstein’s soldiers, ruled with 
so much severity in Silesia, also burned numerous 
collections of books in that province. Manv buried 
cheir Bibles in cellars and barns, in order to save 
the precious treasure for their children, especially 
as there was then no oral instruction, and false 
doctrines would alone be propounded to them. It is 
recorded of the peasant Morawek, whose posterity yet 
reside in Upper Lusatia, that he was obliged to bury 
his best Bible in the sand in his cellar at Czernilow, 
near Koniginegritz, for fear of the prying Popish 
priests. Such concealments were often betrayed 
by children, whom the Jesuits used to entice by 
giving them images. In later tines they exercised 
great vigilance in preventing the importation of 
Protestant books. One Kopezky, a native of 
Wessely, near Konigingriitz, in 1725, attempted to 
introduce into Bohemia Protestant books from Zittau, 
where they were printed by Christian Pescheck and 
Wenzel Kleych; but two Jesuits discovered this trade, 


~ 


a 


ig 22000 THeTeRTONT | - 


weno edi tt ere sonlt qu ledools an oil nolaRIAD 


enidowns std) aw of alood saclW tmseg a Yo 
geiming & aod sho! 22000 ‘bieines A — aol 
dorodealordy etd td ; oltens bid-al todtiun au bor sia 
Ww egmenhat ods crouevielt batéoeiinas anw edood Yo 
Yo ehirnesoils leroree batalisone gels oilw jiloesinod 
woo tte tome bas baad awe eid Wiiy alood Asimedol 
. “ani ihiw eouneanq oviendhe ods 
sy moitnnridioi-ine ol! To etmoldaiatmos ody aA 
uelvowesb end! to yipesoo wih tO hoontvaos 
oideulay ev sisw eonuilizue Yiuasl sani jadood 
llew 2 9 prsvovel adt oniteneeH coved Of asingilixwe 
wulleaimnon yng silt yUntvoqas yyelt todd awood 
ditw onder pnetolt (ndinanlt esha) jovargied bas 
Tiiv belnt zslblos e'aigenotdoil hme trobetaqqO 
esoromin baw ole keel ni ythivee foun oa 
bord wanlA — anaivong tail of edood YW arelioalion 
vee oftebro ti janied iw erefios nl RRA isd: 
vilniooges eerkliele tit “161 stwecen aifoiperq odd 
salut hue nouewitent lerd~On wold dew “oyoils as 
ei] ueadyor babaweory od Sroke tikiow eonintioob 
Iw ‘erste seo w slawinolf Juiueveey lt Te bubriose 
wned oF bowiily ame ol dnd) whined soya nit sbieos 
wolurtes) ae lle vid ni base oilt at oldifl taod ent 
deiqol guigny of) to a6? 10h ler gntyinGA 0:8 
bevaertted mafte ota ainonisssnos dae aeortg 
yd noises oF bea aiiveol ols dil rorblids yd 
bosinns yo eamir otal nT ©; mott guivig 
Vo noitatroqint od) gcisororg gi peneligiv saory 
to evitga 8 gaxoqeA on0 . dood tastetord 
6! bojqmotie SRTb wi igang won vqipeas W 
AdS rateril edo anszstorT nineulodl ont souborai 


han doovilgey > vd Waiai yo? eiodw 
voboars allt ibis oh esp a re 


eer trate 


92 DESTRUCTION OF 


and the whole stock which was found with Koperksy/ 
was publicly burned. The burerave Gitschin, | | 
dared to conceal some books for Kopezky, ineurre, 
the indignation of the Romanists on this accoun: 
and after his death they refused his body a grave in 
their churchyard. Kopezky was once fined ani 
imprisoned ; and a reward of ten florins was offered 
to all informers. 

On account of this furious destruction of Bolie- 
mian books, those of the years 1414—1635 ar 
uncommonly rare, being seldom seen, except in 
foreign countries, where they are now no longer 
valued. To save and preserve something of thie 
old Bohemian literature, which was once so rich. 
was attempted by means of the National Mu- 
seum at Prague; and the late baron of Stentzsch 
at Burgstein deserves great praise for his unwearied 
exertions in recovering portions of the ancient 
literature of his native country. Baron Hanku, the 
excellent librarian of the Museum has also contributed 
to this good work. 

Some remains are still found in Saxony, which 
the emigrants conveyed with them, especially in 
the libraries of Dresden, Leipzig, Freiburg, and 
Zittau. The latter has a valuable collection of 
Bohemian books, a bequest of the minister Krup- 
pius, in which a rare copy of the Martyrology is 
found, containing portraits of Huss and Jerome, 
which are wanting in the copies extant in Bohemia. 
Hans Becker, a private gentleman of Zittau, who 
died a few years ago, also possessed a fine collection 
of Bohemian religious literature, and care has been 
taken that whatever was ancient in it, should be con- 
veyed to the Muscum at Prague, which, by bequest 


a 


ach Plein 


are 


M KorrueTesa | = 


hee dtl bug} «pe sini Joote slow ot has 
ody uideetienumgand odd  .bomtnd eg ae 
vornratt falysqod sot =dood amor, lagontoe of 


»mtoon add ao erinnsof] od) lo soltengibat odd” 


4) wrt n Yhnd cid boastor yout dtmab atd tale bet 
roth Tet gone enw yasyqod  -bomgdoanilo sds 
iatligaenestc?R u9t to brewer # bas ; howosiaqat 
. ersnerotai Ie of 
wifSHl Yo aoltoudesb. evotws tdi to saueaoa #0 
ow BEVI—LIDT exeyy ott Jo seeds adued ania 
wi jyooxee stage mrobloa goiod over ylaogmmoons 
wyeol on vor ote volt siolw esritasoo mplorot 
alt 40 puidiemoz srweotq hing vse OT boulav 
dott o# sono enw doidycuterdil soinetoll ble 
wll ingots oilt to ennom yd enw 
foto to seted tel odt has ; sige te pasa 
boltewvny ail teh sting tsoty eovieesh sivtegrael Bra 
tena adt to emoineq paoitswoot, af anvitier 
oft wane nent syttanco eviten eid to stetsrtoail 
fntucinuon oele.and. animeuM otf) lo aoteodil teelisoxe 
wtiow boop ids of 
devia nore ai osol tive one soto 
wi Haisuges wareily ative bovowneo etameninr sult 
hs crurdin'h, ygiggial toler] So sili 
jo solislles sldaniey s ead rottel ueiid 


“yor A wwieiaiar gilt Yoseonpol & edood i _ 
w 


ai ypolorrnel, oilt Ie ygoo sum s_ dol 

omowl bas cenH Yo atisttioq gainiaiaoo 
wsimodofl oi yrntze. agiegor orlt ni paitarw oie sioudw 
oy wmiS to oemeltayg bieviyy 4 79 eon 
uiteollos sah w boeevenny ole .oyn eins, wit a beib ~ 
sed cul one bac yeroteetil sirofailin fey to 
one 6d diode ti sth pei zpvateilw 


temipod yl slside omrget te conyoeu prec sa - 


“iy 
. 


" 


aw ty 


he rT 
a, 


é 


PROTESTANT BOOKS. 93 


of the same gentleman, has likewise obtained the 
already mentioned beautiful copy of the Brethren’s 
Bible. As long as he lived he kept his treasure 
very secret, for concealment became nationally 
habitual to the Bohemians. 

The Popish clergy were most indignant at the 
desire manifested by the Protestants for using the 
Bible, regardless of the passages in Ps. cxix. 105, 
John vy. 39, 2 Peter i. 19. Towards the common 
people, they made no use of proofs from the Holy 
Scriptures, in their discourses, but would only 
compel them to obedience by the authority of the 
church, and by violence. When, therefore, some 
ventured to refer to the Bible, they were mocked and 
abused; and the holy scriptures were accounted 
imperfect, obscure, and unintelligible, a cistern of 
heresies, and the refuge of heretics, which did not 
become a common man to read. They even 
scrupled not blasphemously to call the Bible, in the 
Bohemian, Wyblila, (2. e. vomit.)* Nevertheless 
the contents of the Bible had more room in the 
memory of the people than it has now; for its 
very prohibition was the cause of more zealous 
reading, and more diligent study. Even women 
were admirably versed in the holy scriptures. 


* The words of Holyk, p. 33. As late as 1842, a Popish 
Bishop had the audacity to write: ‘the Protestant Bibles are 
real poison to every orthodox Christian, and no reasonable man 
can blame the Catholics for burning them.” 


Abe as inate, Amen a 


Sein TT tet Dears 


OR Ag UE i AS Nan te a 


ee ere cre neerne en e  d a /e 


£2 2n008 reateatoae = 
oiht Iecine oxiwoail end ,eecalturg. omee silt Yo 
Fumi ott lo yqos iilinvied boxeinen ybaode 


sreewn: eid sqod od beeil od ee pital a& = oldil . 
Glanoiten omagrnd jones al 1902 . yrov ; 
emniatotog sir ot lowtidad ° 


sult_16 tenrgibat senor ore yy deiqoT oT 


“Gili pitta wt etantentort salt vd batestianm stiesh 


OUl_xito 29 ni eognaeay ait to deolleegsr hdd 
YioH od} mot dooty ie sap on Shine yodt Siqosq 


‘nomemos sdt albrewoT OY 7 wits 2.08 wv aol | 


Ylno bivow Jud esetuoverh tied at eouiqitoe - 


ot to ysiroding oilt ed sonsilieds of mmadt Isqnioo 
ontos srilvted? ol W sensloiy ed baer sforudlo 
bas bsdsom srw voit ofl silt of ehor of boteaney 


Letaucnon stew éoriitgitoe yiod off bax + bowuda 


io tors ecldivtisiniag bee otimedo doshteq ei 
ton bil) sande otters lo syeihey alt baw ,esiestsd 
nave youT bast ot nent’ morro 9 satoosd 


odd nti sidlifl-sif Heo of ylanousdgealil ton balqenoa | 


mealadners = *(titov“S 3) ady 7 .neiiredodl 
oft at soot arom bod old? wilt to enestaos dt 
wb rot ywor anil tf anit slqoag silt Yo yromoen 


euoleos stom bo sass sd enw woiiididorg yy 


comow mova chive Jooyiliy wom Bue ygaihess 


eetisiqinss yfod stit ii foes ylotintbe sow 


daigoT # 2661 ag ote ch 08 .q gtylol Yovalnow adT © 
oa 


aoldil 2unteatos9 offi : tire. Ploabun ods bad qodeifl 
nani sldsatirs 06 bce snaiahd2 soba wa ud last 
" sersild quieren we 1 odt omald aro 


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| 
| 


t», 


CHAPTER IV. 


AGENCY OF THE JESUITS, IN ACCOMPLISHING THE 
ANTI-REFORMATION IN BOHEMIA—-ASSISTANCE OF 
LICHTENSTEIN S DRAGOONS. 


Hirgerto we have described what the Papal 
powers considered it needful primarily to effect, viz. 
to deprive the Protestants ef their churches, to 
depose or expel the ministers, and to destroy all 
non-catholic books. Before entering into details 
respecting the treatment of the people, in order either 
to gain them over to the Romanist religion, or to 
chase them out of the country, it is especially 


necessary, to describe those who were the chief 


instruments, besides the commissioners, for exe- 
cuting the anti-reformation ; these were, the Jesuits 
and Lichtenstein’s soldiers, who most effectually 
furthered the work of conversion. 

The Jesuits, of whose expulsion from Bohemia, 
and their re-introduction in 1618, we have already 
made mention, were now fully employed in accom- 
plishing their favourite idea of converting Bohemia 
into a German Spain, and labouring to regain the 
Protestants for the Roman Church. 

These Jesuits were not Bohemians but Spaniards, 
not of constitutional but of despotic principles. They 
had now regained possession of their college near the 
bridge at ee They had also Gronctte with them 
the then new order of “ the Brethren of Mercy,” who 


Perey Gy cy el Goa re 


ce A a kl ll 


eo 


% 


VI ASTYAHS 


gue SeMeMiKo[04 v1 ,ATIDEUL WUT TO TORSOA 
40 BOKATAIZe,—41MaHOd 41 HOU MROTRAATBA 
SYOOOLAG & WISTEETH IBS 


lye odt tole. bodimoesb svad ov erxannt 

At? alls ot, ylinaming [ntisen 31 homblenes eewoy 
wi ,xofouulo tis ‘lo etausesionT oil) gvitqel of 
ile youzab of huss 2ratzicien silt Isqes to seoqeb 
Aitioh omi gains octet 2dood oflodiae-non 
torltie tolro.ai slqoeg ads lo iaamtestt sil) gintgoqast 
ai wo ,notviler geiemohl ot of tere mired? ning of 
vilaipoqey <i Ji yevtcwe vill to sao mrodd ganito 
Yoda set wrew culye weqult odizoesh oF ytaeesoan 


-or) it eusmolieianoo ot” aghdaed atesenettant —* “ 


esineol, out ono gasit ; coisiniter-itire silt gaitno 

qilantosiis gon? quly eisthloe a" nintewotdod] ban 
wenizis7 oo to Arow Gil) bavwdtae) 

itvsdod, mot saiglogyo osodw “to invest oT 


yhoorls svad on” 81! ai uotoubortaiar tied? bre 


xenon of bovolqatw yllut woo orow fofitem shant 


sivrodo® wnirtevies to oobi orruoval aio yoldeilq 
oil) niegor 69 paitiedel bax wing’ mente) gomi, ... 


alot) nei ort vl etuatestorT 
wbreimog2 tnd eanittelell Jom otow arivaal oend'T 
calT xolqioning pitoqrob to dud lanoliuiivanos to ton 
oil? wont uustlostiadt to moiexs220q boalager won bed 
meld aie tdpwond Gals bad yodT  .ugietl taoghind 
vdw "\yowwht to nonlterdlolt * Yo wbte wor todd odds 


“yy 
oe 
> SN 
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ain, 
7 
7 
sal 
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ee re 


Oy oe 


THE JESUITS. 95 


have since been found so extremely useful for their 
purpose. Those of that time, however, are not 
favourably described by Jacobeus in his work already 
cited on these changes; for he calls them, “ publicly 
good, and hateful in private ; externally poor, rich at 
home, delicate martyrs, slaves to their bellies, se- 
ducers of women, sowers of contention.’’* 

The Jesuits took first of all from the Protestants 
the Simon Judas’ church in the old-town, then the 
most lucrative village belonging to the University, 
and all the hospitals of the Evangelicals with their 
villages. One of their chief objects was to get 
possession of the university of Prague. As the 
principal professors were, up to that time, of Pro- 
testant principles, and many distinguished scho- 
lars had been banished, they hastened to set up 
teachers from among the Jesuits. But although 
there were among them men of real knowledge and 
able teachers, yet the stop to its progress, already 
spoken of, ensued; because everything connected 
with it became stagnated by their principles. 

When, after the battle upon the White-hill near 
Prague, in 1620, the Protestant teachers and school- 
masters were driven out of Bohemia, says Pelzel, 
“the golden age for the Jesuits began to flourish in 
that kingdom. They obtained not only the Latin 
schools, but also the three universities of Prague, 
Olmitz, and Breslau. Whoever wished to obtain 
learning in Bohemia, Moravia, or Silesia, had to 
go to the schools of the Jesuits, where philosophy, 
mathematics, theology, and whatever belongs to 


* And we may well ask, are the “ Sisters of Mercy,’ now em- 


ployed by the Papists, in this and other countries, much better ? 
We suspect that the above description, changing only the sex, is 
as applicable to our own time as tothe period then present. 


ee * softastaon to amen snomow Yo atsanb 


' qi te ot bowotesd™~yoil chadelited asd hil exe! 


Tabane toyen yeaiintros rio hia wid ack 


ae ermest ant. + 
sila “08 haw dando nine shad “eonia av 
ton ain jxavewoil jsarit tad? to “mod? -.S80q 
yhusds drow aid ai euntooal ¥d hedisaah y darisse 
visiting * sda alec od tot ; : ergmeto 9asd) m0 botio 
te doit .roog yllnursixs } stavitg at : Latonnd ion ‘boog 
«92 ,zzillsd isd? of sovais etysiner otastleb: mod 


sacleator vit mot He to seit doot divest, oT 

oylt imdt srvotblo oly at wounds “sebwl momié ods 
“gieravinl oli of gatgnoled apulliy eviteroul too 
tind“ shiw dlesiloguezt! sli Yo aletiqeod oft Is bas 
jay 1 eaw einxido Tatil alt Yo sad »sgulliv 
uli 2A onrger'T to ytierevicw tlt To moiessaeog 


“or Yo ,seniy tadi 0d qu omy stosesotq Loqioaing 
oles baleingnivih yaem baw eolqinniig inutess 


dyuelile wll eivesl, oft goon oroit stsdonot 
bere sghstword loot Yo trsa onoult 2k0me stew stodd 
ybootls jeonporq’ el.os gota ail be, ng Spm aids 
bytoauiioy giidrgiove ealitivad ; 

pe =i q ist yd bow Tes oa yep oe ltive 
sion Silos W sdi noqu olijul 4 it 
-Joorlse ben 2ruiloesd jrutaniond odd ii ougerd 
laste eyne splerlol jo tuo fh stow ersten 
ti dahwofl or amped etiueot oft asbloy oda * 
sitet oii ‘yloo ton beninido 
eugerd Ww ssitierovins sould 5 
ninido of Batletw wreot Tt 
ot bed nies yw wiveoM , at yaiateol 
Mtdgqceolidg swdw ativeol od to ae og wilt of og 
o} epdolsd wrstaty hoo , tgoloodt eousmoilseo 


om Fon * ‘youl Yo emele ily og ek 


At sant ada lod Siqauds snoityirscl evi . 
ease mt wae og ~ 


96 THE JESUITS. 


these classes were publicly taught. And thouci, 
there were, at the same time, men of other ory. 
who also had schools, they were but assistant: 
to the great society, whose sentiments and mode «i 
teaching became pre-eminent. To those, however, 
who did not belong to their society, they afford: 
only a limited degree of knowledge, keeping what 
was soundest and best to themselves. The few 
learned among the laity, priests, and monks, of that 
time, were but indifferent scholars; for the Jesuits 
were careful to draw the most talented men into their 
society ; and the cardinal and bishop of Prague, 
Count Ernst of Harrach, complained to the Pope, 
that the Jesuits received the ablest students into 
their order, and left him the inferior ones for the 
secular priesthood.” 

Of great influence, doubtless, were the colleges at 
Krumau, Kommothau and Neuhaus, and in Moravia 
those of Briinn and Olmiitz. At Gitschin they 
had also a flourishing establishment under the 
patronage of Lichtenstein, whither they required 
clever youths to be sent from Sagan, Friedland, 
&e. as already stated in the account of Gunther’s 
expulsion; for they were anxious to obtain, not 
merely foreign Jesuits, but such also as were masters 
of the Bohemian language. They laboured where- 
ever they could with zeal, perseverance, and often 
with great sacrifices, and under unfavourable cir- 
cumstances. They were especially active as the 
attendants of the anti-reformation commissioners, 
who had not only soldiers with them to terrify, 
force, and worry the people, but also Jesuits to teach 
and persuade them ; as, indeed, it was the Empcror’s 
published desire that persuasion and instruction 
should be the chief means in that work. They were 


equeat apt oe 7 


jones had atdlgome -ylatidwc toy epawale ganda, . 
ive yore Ie meer senit snot sdt in row otod? 
avteizen dnd over yodt ~loodoe had oly oda 

«» abour has atasuriscse seode ,yigisoe Seurp onto} . . 
sowed ~eolt oT seeaiess-orq aarnood goidoest 

jilisokio vantt eytotans nist! 0? guolad jon Wb oder 

wipe saqeed subolwond to wang botivall 2 ylao 

wot alT . 2ovfowonsd) of eit her tegbaues any 

wilt Ww 2taomr bon, ereerty ,vitel alt goours homtesl 

Ais! oft tot pewlordse toershihel tet sew omit 

would otat som boraoles rom silt weth.oe hiflores stow 

iter Yo qorleid baw Loothiso salt bem | ysotoos 

god adt ot bewialgaroo ,doorsH to seal tav0d : 
oti staehita tenia ods boviog: etivert oct salt 
ol? tot eemo sotsstal dt mid dtl ben obo cads 

~~ “boosltenbny ‘rales 

in eyolloaodtsiow wmltduol soca lial tavmg 10: 
alvin nibaw eae fee neliommoA wenger 
volt nidoett ¢A eimiO bes avis Yo spor. 

nil) whew teomdeiidetes gniddasoh « cals bad 
lniopert yods sodiiilw cistersniott lo sgamentag : 

bashed mgee movt jose od of ziltnoy twrslo 

ZrwiltanD Yo aouesse alt. ni hotete gbeyle an od 
twa ,oiatdo Ot enoixms vow vedi ich 4aek 

voieam ota ee ovle dou did arises 


wile herwadab yotE eoangeal lo of lo : F 7 
woflo bers gornmwerang laos itive labawg mo | 

“is oldmuonvalae eben bie pear iitw. _ 

ot en ovitow yvileioaqeo oy yodT  aagmntemoy 
aotomaineos, qertemitnriias silt te etmnbwsis 

edivet or moi ahiw @wiblos ylao yom bol ofw | 
thot ot etirwol oele sed yolgong adi eriow bets co 7 : 
evotuq ind oslt enw 3 baa an : eroilr Deu , 
folmuntea’ lion srolanneiay scl? otiegly a 

oven yolT —laow tailt 1) congar toislo adh od meas 


ceremony 


THE JESUITS. 97 


sometimes kind, friendly, condescending, and inde- 
fatigable in presenting their reasons, but oftener 
rude and imperious. After the expulsion of the Pro- 
testant clergy, the Emperor sent the people to these 
commissioners; and they consequently demanded 
obedience with great confidence, and impetuosity. 


‘The writer Holyk, who knew them well, from having 


been a long time near them, gives the following 
description of the manner in which they acquitted 
themselves of their commission, and of the way in 
which they treated the people. 

“They come,” says he, “ with sweet and kind 
words, and begin: ‘ My dear friend, is it right for 
you to forsake the unanimous and clear doctrine of 
Christendom, or that you should embrace the faith 
condemned by antiquity, and that for no other reason 
than because you think the Lutherans explain 
the holy scriptures and the divine mysteries so 
excellently 2? Will you make out and consider 
eternally condemned as unbelieving, idolatrous, and 
wicked men, so many holy martyrs, so many 
excellent and learned men, only because you think 
yourself wiser in your own estimation, and know 
the scriptures better than they; as though the 
Lord Jesus Christ had, throughout 1500 years, left 
in darkness the Roman Catholie church, which he 
has purchased with his own blood ?’”” ‘They erattily 
kept from view the abominations of the papal 
system, speciously desiring it to be believed, that as 
God saved men tz that system, they must have been 
saved by its abominations—which is utterly 1mpos- 
sible if the Bible be true. 

When they had to do, not with single individuals, 
but with bodies of men, tuey addressed them with 


VOL. II. H 


somimio dud nose tel) pales ot aldegind 
_ “ov aid ‘bo worelsns old ofl A secwtrepnti has . 
js . oapel oe alqosy ody amps ron’ adr eulo 
Fabnamob yliasuynenoy godt bow persinel 
eeu i) dine sonebiine tee aah sopsibedo 
ee SAT ott law cords woud cole ylol athe oT 
. seivellyl ot 2evig ,oede tom sent quel es masd 
boninpan Youd doide oi coun ole Te oiginesh 
ni yaw li io bow roteimame welt Yo evicemeds 
shqoag sult hataoer yoda doindw 
litid ie doowe atiw od exes "yoos yodT ™ 
Wh ddgit Moat usivt wool ye <oniged how alnow 
Wo ontiooh uels bas anomiaaw off shenct o1_voy 
ian sly sownlimns blowle voy sade vw eudeosend) 
Hoasst Toile on vit soil! Lie yainaptiie yd demarsbacs 
mulgze armmiltod odt dally yoy oemmod madly 
# sorsteyii onivily oly bow comptqiewe ylod addy - 
tohiatis has mo gaa voy HV Yylwollooxs . 
baw avortulobi ~ynivsiladen as homarabues lho 
yout Of engitem ylod yucm oe ynem bedoiw 
Acid voy sapere! yino knot howe! bee tallooxe 
word baa totus wwe md, a Welw Useiuoy ~ 
out dlgnodd ea yyolt nod! wid semwiqine ods 
fol ateoy 008! snodguouly bud sot emeol bod =~ 
oil doidw ably oilolie wanted edt saondiab ai 
Vitter yal? 'Y Laolt nwo eich tw beendoiug aad 
faqiy oil) Yo enoteninods on weaiy mot iqod 
ao d6il) sloveilod od © si pahival ybwoivege motaye 
naod avail dum -yolt moteve sad ab aor haves boO . 
“coin heiie +1 sloilw—snoitenimeda <td baves 


_ 


7 snmnaod aitl ws Yi oldia 

_Alivhivibui »igai dite ton ob of bau a 

elive snail bos you) onto: w tnd 
a %¢ Ov” 


vee 


98 THE JESUITS. 


eloquent enthusiasm, and sometimes they had plat. 
forms erected for that purpose. With what sucecs. 
will be seen in the example of the famous and pros. 
perous proselyte-maker, Adam Krawarsky, and 
in other instances which will be found in the histor, 
of their Romanizing the towns and villages. When 
sent out for that purpose they were called mission- 
aries ; wherefore Pelzel, in his biography of severa! 
Jesuits, points out the years they served as missiun- 
aries during the time they had been in that order, 
and whither they had entirely devoted themselves 
to the mission. Many who remained in the colleges 
laboured as lecturers to the young theologians, de- 


signedly teaching them the art of combating, and if 


possible of overcoming the non-catholics in argu- 
ment. They who could not labour against the Pro- 
testants orally, did it in writing; many truly active 
men were indefatigable on both sides. Pelzel cites 
a Jesuit of the 18th century, John Krause, who died 
in 1732 at Gitschin, and was one of their ablest con- 
troversialists. In the Jesuits’ college at that place 
the following inscription is found under lus portrait: 
“he was one of the most zealous persecutors of 
heresy by pen and mouth, mainly employing his 
multifarious erudition against the non-catholics, 
especially by pamphlets, 80,000 of which were 
distributed throughout Europe to great advantage.” 

They were certainly indefatigable in travelling 
about, and even under precarious circumstances, 
teaching, exhorting, warning, entreating, and threat- 
ening. It may be that they took their model from 
2 Chr. xvii. 6, &e.—where it is said, concerning the 
pious king Jehoshaphat, that having destroyed idol 
worship, he sent great men with pricsis and Levites 
into the cities: “and they taught in Judah, and 


il Ak RAN a Re ar MA a a 


BTTeRL Sut ao a 

vale, bert youeomitentos dam menieinlana ake 

vous tate a seoepg seilt tot botes 

| lute stomnit ait lo aly ares ould peer as 

it (tem nubs smdem-srleanm S00 0) gp. 

postal wiht ask bervrel o<l Siw choir evostatesst aaelso. mt —— 
wen 2egalliy boo ver ods guistanmedl tieds Yo : 


fe 2 arses vould seo ted sot tue supe 
42 to viqargoid eid ui lost) snetorebw, pasta 
snolazion 2n boris qld einoy aii situ etniog tivesl 
tie tult ni eood hed yodi oot ott ganul zone 
— effisemod) botoveb ylesitas bed yodlt soetiir bas 
enplion ol) at boawmonodm yosl/, | woresiut edt of 
<w) 2cntgolood) guaoy ods od sone e¢ boasodel 
Ve boo guinedmes Yo vo oi) rods poileeot ylboagie 
“gts ut eatlodine-now od gaimoomve lo oldieog 
i'l ot tanigue roodal torbluos oily qadT taom 
Stites vlit yaa ¢ geitinw ai si bib yvllom etmetest 
emis loxloD sable died no oldexitatsbat sow ment 
hoih odlw samorA ode singe dil odtiogivele 7 
_=hoo teoldeaiedt te sae onw bas chet we SE0E at  . 
donly tod? te egeilon ‘aivesl ods al — eteileiewvour ah 
vnerio did tobow haa 4) wottiqiteni yaiwollet edi 
We eros auclaw teow alt to soo enw od” 
el avivolqma -yisioktAiuom bine nag a yerml 
woileiooenen off Semieye noiihuts 
winw side Io OOOOE wisldqorag. gd gfhateoqee , 
“comanvbhatuarg of som’ ssolguondsbetadieb 
goitlovend ai oldagitataban dainties orow yo | 
AO OEMWITIO auoriaoaig wbhay ove haw tuoda, ; 
deur) bane paliyrnns galitiew gaitodeo geliloast 
mori lobomt rigilt Hoot yout soli od yoo al  .gniao. 
oii yaiirroonos Mg 2 ti mow —od 0 dive aD & 
fobi bazerob qgahvad Jald podqaleodyl guid eaolg 
eitivad Tones eden, tive ta Inorg tom ohagiteow | 
bow wlobel wi tlyoer youl) bax ie ott oth 
7 


ADAM KRAWARSKY. 99 


had the book of the law of the Lord with them, and 
went about through all the cities of Judah and 
taught the people,’—like the anti-reformation com- 
mission with the Jesuits and monks; the law of 
whose lord, however, was not the holy seripture : 
after which, and faithful addresses therefrom, the 
minds of the Evangelicals were longing, when, alas ! 
they could no longer enjoy even preachers in the 
forests. It is matter of fact, witnessed by many 
with great sadness, that these poor, starving, fellow- 
christians were in some places in the habit of stop- 
ping the wheels of a Protestant traveller’s carriage, 
parents and children weeping, and earnestly in- 
quiring, whether the Evangelical religion would be 
brought to them again? whether they would not 
again have their preachers? whether there was any 
hope of deliverance ? whether the blessed treasure of 
the pure word of God would not again be afforded 
them to satisfy the craving of their souls ? 

But who could venture to answer these demands 
ina satisfactory manner, while the Jesuits settled 
down on the land, and built palaces after palaces, tor 
which, indeed, there was abundance of room, since 
many were obliged to quit, after having been reduced 
to great distress by the deprivation of their property. 

Among the Jesuits none was more indefatigable 
in the work of Romanizing Bohemia than father 
Adam Krawarsky. His colleague Balbin bestows 
upon him the highest praise, and judges that 
he laboured with more suceess than any other, 
“in restoring the Bohemian heretics to the church.” 
He was born in Bavorow, near Ratisbon in Silesia, 
in the year 1585; and was recommended to the 


i order by the clergy of that place. His mother 


é 
rf 


i 


en: 


H 2 


Amiel head eerie 


eg PARAM WD 
fuea avers ibivednod ort Yo ef altto dood odd 
hut debol Yo eoitia ois Me dyno: inode Seow 
=e mevidanrictor-itin dt oft" olgoaey odd sdkguey 
Vo wel ott ;adaonr baw Stina olf dsie oe aati 
commgitoe yloid ods tow tut aovewad iol odd — 
oily snertowds assonldin: bethvidt baw doidw rite 
ese Fae wow quigael sow elasilegnev ®t odt Yo abot 
af) ci sentoserq sya Yopay wayne! on binon yalt 
wron vil boseontiw tev) Yo omaiedy BE at etext) 
wollte spiviala 004 wool ul) sabne sore dite 
~jote lo aide oi at esonly afte of Stow enniterds 
“uuhrties atllovorr tantester > a Wo elooder silt gaiq 
; ~0 ylteomes bin (goiqesw vorbis bee snereq 
a! bloow notgilor insilsguert alt raltaly .2nhiep 
jon blow yoil) aodiody Y aiep) nual? of sdguord 
ven aw ner Yoitolw Y eodeevrq tiadt oved ciege 
Towniteasd lomeald ody rltodw 4 sacinavileb Io sqod 
Lebwiie sd cieys too-bluow het) W Iiew 2roq oils - 
Y alnoe tivd? Io yalvete ony yleinne oF omedd 
ebnnurmly venir yowerti-et snide, blaos ow m8 
hoittow ativeol odt slilw senansitr Yrotsteitne # oi 
wi eonlag wie oolag Hind baw jhwvel ot no anob 
rie weet lo scebanile ey tad: jhosbai jdoidw - 
boouberased grrre! tovlu diipad heyilde sia” yoout 
ecrisqotg tied? Yo noitevingal athe yd sortaib teary 03 
videyimibbal stom env suod wheel oft paomA 
wwidist aedd timeloll guisiagatet Yo show edt ai 
awoteod nidis sirgucilos eH vdeowmA mebA 
4} eogbui haw yoxiony teotgid odd nid ooqu 
: ye qand soeone orm Mw herwodal of | 
" yodt OF esikred neice od yatioron ni” 
- wienlig ot aod it wowed ot wwod eo oll 
| alt of bobusdinmnor now han y ORC “wey, oct ot 


100 THE JESUITS. 


brought him herself to the Jesuit school at Olmiitz. 
Hethen studied at Kommotau.and was there admitted 
to the order in 1607. After completing his studics, 


and his noviciate at Briinn, he was consecrated 


priest. Balbin then describes the services which he 
performed for Romanism in the following man- 
ner :— 

“ He subsequently devoted himself entirely to the 
business of gaining souls. After the heretics had been 
subdued in that great battle on the White-hill, and 
were driven out of the kingdom, the superiors im- 
mediately sent our father Adam to Prachatitz, 
Wodnian, and Pisek, all heretical towns. He was, 
however, recalled, because the time was unseasonable, 
and it did not appear advantageous to importune 
the heretics with sermons, while their wounds were 
yet bleeding, and they themselves were yet dripping 
with blood. Father Adam’s first work in Bohemia, 
as well as his first harvest, was at Kossumberg, be- 
longing to the family of Slawata. There it was that 
he laboured with all possible zeal, and within a few 
months 500 persons abjured the heresy, confessed 
willingly and without compulsion, and received the 
supper after the manner of the Catholics. He then 
took under his instruction the district of Rakonitz, 
which was much more fully infected with heresy 
than any other place in the empire. The Em- 
peror, the archbishop and the states gave him 
written commissions, and he immediately proceeded 
to the district. But because the country people had 
taken up arms, he generally kept himself in secure 
places, chiefly in the castle of Burglitz, famous 
in the history of the kingdom. And though armed 
people often came near him, yet the grace of God 
so directed it, and his affability in conversation so 


ale A ll a ol lel Fl el al 


bala halt a hel a ow 


iit hk kl ua i aa Add 


_ 
TVA BHT ; 
vii at fooler tiiesl. ot ot Mow masik BH; PORE: «: 
luttiokienmdiecw fins otommedl it hotbatecslioH | 
ibate ald guiiteiqnren waflA WOOT we vihio lt on 
intewenon eww od iguiivél ao mative ail bas « 
wh igthy sesivawe <1 eodbsesb woke eidloi teokaqe 


iad Lon] ay itoradhadiasitl aloe Oaluieg lo aeoniand 
has Misleotil 7 ott oo olitul snoty ouelt ni houbdus 
-oo erotmaque onlr obgeid whe te tusmrrinh otoy 
aiteroa:d of mabh wedtit ae time ybetatbom 
aur OTT sewer Inoirstal. (le clot? hue .asigboW . 
Adancasveuy enw snritady senscsd bellies yerowol 
atuttoga of euosguizeybs wesdqd tom bib st bos 
mow shaven tid slily scone alti estated op 
gaiqgrh 19% e169 esviasrrmlt yo) bus ~wsiliold dog 
aimelol of drow oft e'nimlé slat Doold doiw /-_-- 
-ol wedouneod in cow seovred tert cil eo Mew as 
dwih easy dowd? over to runt adres qaigaol - 
wot « nithiw baw dines oldizeog Ile aiw Dotundul of 
bewtous ed ody louie enorme O08) edinou 
oil! bevisoon baw atoielaquies nwodslur hue ehynilfiw : ~ 
noi ofl esifoulen’) orf) to vGuKut alt tote twqque es 
Staodesl to iwitkil oil) votiowtteat eid how door ~~ 
enol idiw betedint vil) sro im aow dotdw 
“mt ofT niqgais silt ai vonlq xsd yom muds © 
uti oveg aatete ats ban qoileidilesa sii jromq? 9 
Iobossony Yotaiboatitt of Law anoiteiaraeo wie 
basi slqooy Wanyo9 viltsenieod wh setttalb odt a 

ios at Wyatt nqad qllirisnng od arte qa odes | 
enon A Fecal odd ni ehisiits ca ~ 
borin dguod? boA samohypaid of) to yoni strep 
oid to worry ait soy gil ses omtos malo olqwupe 9 | 
of foitnevitos ni iiliduite sil heap ie 9. 7 


- 
_ 
ht 


~~ 


ADAM KRAWARSKEY. 101 


gained upon them, that they became willing to be 
instructed by him in the true faith, and could be 
set up as examples for others. When once the 
great made a beginning, then every thing else went 
on well. After having laboured one year, 10,000 
Bohemians were gained to Rome in that district 
alone ; and the Emperor rejoiced when this report 
was communicated to him. That work being 
accomplished, the provincial, Peter Rumer, who 
was Celighted with his good success, sent him to 
Trebnitz, whose district includes three cities, three 
small towns, and forty-two villages. All these 
were noted for various heresies, chiefly that of 
Bunzlau and the Picards, for whom Peter Wok 
of Rosenberg, had lately established a school at 
Sobieslaw. Provided with directions and high 
commissions, father Adam went there and effected 
so much among the people, that 5000 souls at 
Trebnitz, Sobieslaw, Lomnitz, Wesel, and the neigh- 
bouring villages, were restored to the church. 
This fact was attested by many proofs which 
were sent to Ferdinand, who so rejoiced over it, 
that he communicated to him fis formal thanks 
through father Henri Philippi. After the Trebnitz 
mission had been concluded with such happy results, 
he went to Karlstein, at the request of Baron 
John Kawka of Rziczan. Here the danger equalled 
the labour—the minds of the people were as 
bewildered as their woods. If one began about 


religion they took it as an offence. They came to 


his preaching armed with muskets. If he spoke 
something with zeal and keenness, the women 
quitted the church and returned home; the men 
threatened him severely, and left the father stand- 


‘ing alone. Te indeed was in danger of losing his 


3 
10f vaeawae whee 
of oF paltlter sinnont oils tedt mil noqu banizg 
af hives ten ihre ont oft aie a ai 
ot wore noll/  anatho tot sehyater ee qn ce 
tere sels prairies asi) oinntgad # oben testy 
GON,01 1097 sno bemednl ynivud wit flew ao 
eeth tad1 Gt amelt ot hontey stow ‘emniamilol 
ese oq cls astw hasiojot towsqendl olf has ; snols 
wtinl ahow mdT antl ot betesiaummoo esr 
om asm sets Leisuiverg oly leddlqimoson 
ot mid tase sesso baye sil dsiw besdyiles enw 
svtily 2snl9 send? esbolout jrmeh seady wtinderT 
eu UA zoguliiy enteyhot tae gro! Mente 
Yo ted? +Hoids shaved amvhtiey ad) Beton oven 
Jo wiol “moda so) abut wie hot velsaoll 
iw loose & bedside vidtal bad .eredise0A Yo 
daid bow exoitenih rhiw Dbobiverl © .valeside® 
lenostte bie ersilt iow aibd oath aaoiestmmon 
i Hoe OOUE milf »fyooq oft qitoaté slounr oa 
-shoie ov) bers low ssinmred pwolesido® .stindaT 
douite oly ot bed¥er now avgulliy Qoimod 
Hoty, cheery yaad vd hateatie cow toct sidT 
A t4v0 Inolotn oF of JbnunilndT of tase omow 
ied? lah ly mbl-or bemaiwrwemey ol aot 
stiadeiT aiyastid, sqqilid inst wit denonts 
Ailaest yqqer cone ity bobetlones woud bel soieeien. 
mois We teanper oir te iota oF snow of 
bollewps teganh sds o19oH  loisoieSl to wd ed adol 
es st Shyooq sift Yo abate ailnyodsl sds’ 
inode neped oxo WU .ehoow Wilt #@ berobliwed! 
of sinns yolT sousto ne ea W aloot guilt aorgitot 
“Sooqd od W atodonne ibiw boarne weldsaosq ail 
foinow off seonned bers’ Lewy iliiw gailyermos 
wen ads yg genet boride: baw dois si bovine. 
ehinse tail off tol Sure Ylomevne = hoitetodt) 


isl yuivol Io wwgaub ub edwbsabab oll *onols gai | 


<7 


em : 


102 THE JESUITS. 


life, especially on one occasion, while explaininy 
the Catechism to some ignorant people at Tetin. 
Two strong men with axes made their way to the 
church, whose diabolical faces betrayed a criminal 
intention. They immediately began to make a 
noise and to dispute with the father; asking what 
he really wanted, and what new doctrine he 
taught? They evidently intended only to quarrel. 
The hearers left the place, but the father con- 
tented himself, at first, by answering them with 


mild words, and he thus allaved their fury, which - 


was indeed the best mode of proceeding ; and these 
ungodly men themselves, wondering at their own 
calmness, went away without injuring him. 
There was much work to be done, and for months 
he had to instruct the people daily. His labours, 


- however, were successful, and father Adam could 


count 500 persons, whom he had converted from 
heresy, and the number would doubtless have in- 
creased, if the orders of the superiors had not called 
him to the new-town of Prague; for that was 
accounted the most obstinate of all places. It was 
filled with heresy to overflowing, andas history proves, 
in an extraordinary manner inclined to rebellion. 
But God granted father Adam such grace, that it 
almost dropped from his lips. By his preaching he 
first gained respect; he then visited the principal 
citizens in their own houses, divested them of their 
useless scruples, shewed them the antiquity and 
glory of our own religion, and abolished from their 
souls all remembrance of their former errors. 
Whoever still hesitated he moved by the prospect 
of commendation. As soon as he thus by degrees 
restored to the faith the principal families, the common 
people quickly yielded, induced by the example of the 


pap eee te eee eres 


iad Mle a A les PE Al a 


hh NA a ll eS A ile a A bes ll dino 


voiniaigxe obinlw siteleana0 90 119 

eT de olqemay sumo! omo2 oF anetii 

ult oy gew tet) obunr ere dire sour ow 

lareates beyettet eoodt leollodsib szodw dowd 

» adem ot atvod yloisihonmt yalT soln ms 

wal goides : enol orlt hain atpeetth od furs weiog 7 
“wor lode Sonn beta yllpet ad 

y rena ot ylvo bybrsiai ¢liashirs vodT $ sdgoet 

woo tot nd sod oonkg adt diet aval odT 

Gy ody gatewens yd teri to Moemid betas 2 

« deidw tit ods bovulle ants od bee glaow blior 

aeotlt tera 5 sutthesxnq to shorn seed oilt beobat enw 

nwo sist Jo utthobnow zsvisentoil asar wibogar 

‘etl gahwist tuolkw yowo tow  eevamnice 

edtnom wi. line wob od ot dow dong ea” otedT 

weuodal 2tH  .yfiah olqoog. ads soursten) oa had ‘od 

hives met wilted bee .lit-zsoon2 over coormwodl 

meowt bateyeos bed od mode euoemg GOC Lames 

~ai oveil eeldveb hhow dan silt hin opeotod ‘ 

letles ton bind somes oll 10 sabto edt Ti ,boesea ~ 

aur tndt tot; sweet to avot-xee ole ot anid, ‘ 

raw il eonulg ‘Ya to etecitado Jeon ot bataveoos 

seven Yossie bos.guivotw root pranecneve 

Hoilledst 0% Newileat wane 7ienibieapxa. fe | 

Ni dus sooty, lane orebA radial botwarg a ee 4 

oll gisidoang etd yA .agil iil mor} “per 

‘haqisaing ods botieiy moili oil 5 tooqeen b 

viodt Yo mada bateovib asevod no pp ati 

bug ytinpitan ot ares bermacte seulyersoe eeslown 

siodt eoott boleilods baa swigiler uve,tae Yo poly 

aes rr a aiolt to sondage alee 

Jomyeory oat hegont ol Leassieol tite rowed W 


assrysh yal pind, Wayans to 
frounies ol) ia i osha Lalit ane pat 
oll To vlyarnta ods ed boaubat <btalap, an a 


~— 


Pw so 


ADAM KRAWARSKY. 103 


rich ; so that in the course of that year, above 4000 
came to the light of divine faith in that city. By 
direction of superiors he was then sent to arrange 
the affairs of the college of his order at Konigingriz. 
But as the business was delayed, the father swept 
out heresy from the surrounding country. He also 
pressed forward into the mountains of Zamberg, to the 
admiration of all those who understand these matters; 
for every place was full of Bohemian Brethren 
and Picards, that ungodly sect having flourished 
most in those parts, where they called themselves 
‘Kunwalders, from the village Kunwald, which 
was situated in the mountains. He conquered 
that horrible heresy throughout the whole of 
that district. None are now more peaceable, 
more catholic than those people; they most piously 
and firmly admire and love the mysteries of our 
religion, and are much better than the inhabitants 
of the town. To all this I can testify, as an eye- 
witness, for I was myself in that part many years 
after father Adam. Having thus gained so many 
souls, and obtained such triumphs over heresy, he 
afterwards lived in colleges and houses of profession, 
until eight years before his death, when he eclipsed 
all his former achievements by a most glorious and 
immortal activity. An account of which [I insert 
from father Adain’s own papers. 

““T was now sent, (le writes) to the domains of 
Opoczna, belonging to Count Rudolph Colloredo, 
with five others of our fathers. The origin of the 
mission was the decision of the diet of that year, 
that the lords of the separate domains should look to 
it, that within an appointed time their subjects should 
either become again believers and be converted, or 
quit the country. Opoczna was the rebellious 


qi cqiio. teil ni dais pager tyii re Ler 
waturcta Oo) iio sod) ea oil e19crsque Yo. moitani: 

| Aitenipich A i: wlno sid Yo ogelloo ad to eiahe ols. 
_ deve oiltet oft beyniol aw seonieud oii ex jo 
rales vy nyvos gribetenes ols inuit yes suo 

ce et pred aS to ertiarqemodt oni owt) 

: ; = pesttame med harterobiat ele sands lis lo aoiuninthe 
¢€ owl waniodod To fet egw eonlq Ytovs sl 
bsdenoh gurvnd Jove viboowe aadt ebresid har 
ovlvansoil) bellu gods ood atta exodt mi Jeom 
ihiky blind soelliv oft wet Yeoblewnaed * 
Irrourpeos ot .enigtonens ade ef bosmutia exw 
jo olodw oft auodprom qeveed sbdivwrl _sutt 
diduesneg atour wod aie ane  aniiieib sadly 
Ylevoiy sak yortd 5 viqosq aaenlt mult otfotes som 
Ho le eormeyer of) ovel baa wiahe yin’ bao 
aomideda: ot nel) sanod deco ete bow aorgilor 
919 an 40 ites aaa l sid die eT anwor ous bo 
Hoey YM feeq todd ob Heeger ecw Lwi esomtiw 
Yiu os bum aud peivell vaveld. last toile 
sil prevtalt wove eiyuruiat. slog heintto bas 2tuos 
Aipizzstuns Yo eer bin eszollew ab bewil abana 
foegilso of oodly vlisob cid syd euwy tdvis loan 
his enviole trou 6 yd etuomprides tonrtot eil Ue . 
riseet L doidw to tan0s00 mk. 2gtivivon lotronuni 7 
"  ataqaq. awe woinbA todnd mont 

Yo eniomob edt os (2xtirw oil) anos won exw 1” 
wbyiollod sqlebatl tuu0D ot guiyaolxt enxv0qO 
“at sigitto.odT  sxori1at aw Yo eendto avi diw 


' 


‘Wee wilt de dail oil lo noisiouls ous anne aoieeien 
uy Ninvole ewineol otermqaw add to ebvol aia dant 
~ Door aloa|ditetads cml: busaiog ga sumapicloty sult i 
1 -banovnos sdBiae etoysilod wieye’ osmoowd rillio 
anwilldat lt atime wuaroqQ..Agniemnoy old jiup | 


104 THE JESUITS. 


domain, which, after all the districts of the kincdom 
had been converted, and instructed in the princip|:+ 
of the catholic faith, by an appointed commission 
with fathers of our order, remained 27 years longer 
in the thick darkness of error. The people even 
took up arms, and following the footsteps of Ziska, 
fought for the cup. They atterwards began to 
plunder, and at Neustadt robbed the treasurv of the 
domain of 100,000 florins. They were then joined by 
the inhabitants of the surrounding country. But 
troops were sent from Prague to frustrate the plans ct 
these ungodly men,and many were taken and hanged ; 
others were put to the wheel, or sentenced to ditierent 
punishments. Finally the year 1562 arrived, when | 
was sent thither with five other fathers. We divided 
our labour throughout the whole domain, and began 
by preaching and catechising in the churches, in the 
town-halls, and in the houses. After five months 
of labour, we observed such a change in their 
minds, that they came by hundreds successively to 


Opoczna, and took upon them the easy yoke ot 


Jesus. The number of those who came to contes- 
sion, and strengthened themselves by the holy com- 
munion, amounted to 6,040 souls.”’ 

“This, continues Balbin, [ have taken from his 
own manuscript. Who would not envy and admire 
him? Many wondered that unarmed men suc- 
ceeded in what armed men failed to accomplish. 
He was led back to Prague and the house of pro- 
fession, as it were in triumph, by Count Colloredo, 
and then resumed his former care of souls among 
the Benedictines of St. George, spending thirteen 
years in that dificult occupation, under great and 
heavenly blessings to the holy virgins, in exhorta- 
tions, and hearing of confessions, in consolations and 


eA es a ll 


Payee ree ate 


Mbsbdi Aina las aba ad we ost on 


MN i is Aa lik ie a te ih ud 8 ide on Sede et eon eee ddd 


~lyioabepedy at bateutieni ben hanna send 
moimnnes Latciongs aa yd lid) gilodte. ede I 
sonal eumy Te bonlaan sohw seo aad dtiw =< .< 
wrmeolyoat oT = sor19 40 seundwh daidt odd oi 
— hi sepptetoot ols paiwolfol dna ave ty dost. 
Some yell ~ que a awh ddgodt 
af wo puseert sii badder sbatexo% tn how grobaag 
wil lentio} sadli stow vodl'T exitoh 000,001 Yo niamoh 
wd cyrus guibanors sil? te stustidadni ond 
hy aml orlt ogententt of street l tne dean aqoott 
7 loyal hod aydat eew yosny bee om “hogan seodt 
hiesiallilot boosts 10 footy silted sepa erulto 
l rodw jhoview Sholay odd ileal .eeagpblqug 
hobivibo¥? —.eveden) reds ovil daiw vated? tose aw 
uryed bas .temob slore odd tuorpaewlt teodal a0. 
wit ot 2ederde ott ai pnisitiostcs bom quidem yd 
siinom ovit tei) rood oat ol tae 2ilod-ewod 
iid ot waeerte o fom hovisedo ww tfodul lo |. 
o visvi@aonna eborinenk vd omes yoda tes abeior .. 
ir sdoy yar att id? aoqu does hie ,anseoqO 
-eituoy of ats ode coors ty dane aT anesl 
sao ‘ylodl ort ve eeviesten!! becodrgnene dae sie 

“Valuer 610.9 09 bel neder stoienen 

eid crott nodureved 1 .oidlotl esunitegs gill 
triothe bee tyne ton Lluow of WV aqhoeomace and 
re nem berry tel) brtebtiow yaa i 
eiiqeroson of bali noc lynne aac at i 
~ont Yo sanod ody bemotryerl of dou bol sew Hh 


fle Poe vi algun oi sow them yndiaes - 


pron Yo sino vemrtol eid homwete ned bee ~~ 
ioodrded ire vrywoak) 2% ‘to vores b 
Livy anereg eben woisiyweo: Ynoihib dale 4 
~arolee at auigtiv ylodbedi or eyuteatd ailaell 
Linn enpitaloatios iirc see Apo ° a= 


Te pneca ree 
Ne, 


+A EE RRM RN 


ADAM KRAWARSKY. 105 


encouragements to obedience towards God ; having 
almost daily to ascend the high castle hill of Prague, 
even when already far advanced in age, for the 
performance of the above duties. By order of the 
superiors, he had, a little before his death, to write 
with a trembling hand, a summary of his conver- 
sions, which amounted altogether to 33,140, whom 
he had restored to Christ and the church, with 
an enviable success. Now, I ask, how was it possi- 
ble for him todo this?) Surely, God himself had so 
created his body and soul for the salvation of others, 
that nothing else was so suitable to the minds of 
rude men. He had a noble, one may say, lon-like 
appearance. He was admirably tall and broad- 
shouldered. His mouth indicated a noble speech, 
his countenance had someting august in its forma- 
tion, a princely freedom of his eyes added emphasis 
and charm to his words. He was quick in drawing 
conclusions, and long experience had taught him 
how to dray. va minds. As he came, his serious 
look excited respect, when he went no one was 
kinder than he. Coming to heretics his first care 
was to gain their respect. For this cause he carried 
with him the imperial orders and letters trom the 
archbishop and other great men. These he laid 
first of all before the authorities for coufirmation. 
That being done, he made the senate of the town 
accompany him to the churches, where the people 
had to be ready assembled. He then opened his 
papers and read tiem aloud, with some comments. 
In these the archbishop generally enjoined the 
curate to assist him. When assembled together 
with their communities, he publicly announced to 
them their duty. His appearance made so much 
Impression on the people, that he seemed not merely 


- 
Ohana nt 
piived 2 bod elmmwot maviisde ot binomipernmon 
omgent Yo Lil olan rigid ody bine 69 cial 3 sonn!s 
wit wt ao ai beoawrhe ad ybeita nedw tg 
wit Yo wirro yl esitub avoda”sut Yo son 
attr of ltiel eld endtad ohyil « rent od om | 
“moo al Io tsmmud wd polldmer 6 dtiw 

eemeen 01,85 of wiltegels taumonia iotdw ano 
diiw dows alt has wnt) WwW betotesr bad od 
risen] ti cow work ten T we pasdduie Sfdaivas (ts 
oF hod tani pow view Lady ely od nil ri ald 
sollte Yo noitevics ils 16) Line bo ylod aid butests 
30 ebuior 9dt) of oldsring G4 eew galy gotilion teds 
Ji-noik vse yarn soo Sidon aed oH aem sbi 
shows! Don list yldiriovby egy oH Sonergoqes 
dilbseqs olden x beresibnl dimer ffl bebluods 
~sondb eth ab teogus: gniisamon bat soawavinwes eid 
vicuiyms Labbe evs eld to wabagdl young 2 noi 
guiwadh wi doup cow oH shadow sil 0) unado bas 
nl dhe bed. soashsqxs- gaol bap emdieulaaco 
evorme sid ono of sh~ ebation yp. sinh of wod 
cH ONO On ditsw oil oil agnqe hatioxs dool 
wre Te with sissrod oF yulune) wud wails ssbaid 
bein wl gece ail vo _samequan ails Ning Of sow 
oii mont etwnet bas eelrofubsqat) ails inist sie 
biel of owl nom seory s9ilto be (qodaidilors 
-Molinartiiaes tol -vitrotue ety wdied He to derh 
ny0) silt To state orl shear ail pel syniod and'T 
alqooy ad3 sadd jslorwils ole of wtisl yen 
tid boweqo ood) oll bolderwwen-ybien od of bul 
tren -artiog iltiw biol aves bier tren 
tunejne lowing qorleiddom mln al 
vehiwyot bobdneses col castil selsen oF etn 
. OF hesuuomus ypilday od editimumumnue tieds shin 
Hower os shade ‘voneramyen 8D © setuly vent ment a 
‘yor don bangs od waht olyoog vht ao tojeenqini 


Bens! 


f 


106 THE JESUITS. 


to speak, but even to command. Thus father Adam 
gained such high esteem, that he was called the 
most learned and greatest among the Jesuits, 
When mounted upon an elevated place, he swore 
first upon his knees before God, and all the saints, 
that he would only speak that which should be 
essential to the true salvation of the hearers, that he 
would take upon himself the blood of their souls,* 
and hold himself responsible, if he was knowingly 
wrong, and that he was ready to answer for all 
before the divine judgment, and to be condemned 
to hell; adding many other striking and impressive 
sentences. Then followed an ardent speech. When 
there was any thing to be proved. he had a Bible 
open before him, and read the passages aloud. If 
there was any Greek or Latin to be translated from 
the Bible, he did it with great readiness. On this 
account he was often called the biblical doctor. Thus 
his addresses were productive of much good. Almost 
by preaching alone, he gained the hearts of the 
people, and thus led them back to the obedience of 
the church.” 

Balbin then speaks of his religious character, his 
fervency in prayer, and his strict mode of life ; adding 
the following as his usual practice: —“ If he came on 
his journey to a place where they had as yet no 
priest, he inquired whether there were any sick there, 
and then visited them after the apostolic manner. 
When at home, he sat, in summer and winter, in 
the so-called confession chamber, where the people 


* Thus, by insidiously proposing himself as their propitiation, 
he attempted to cajole his hearers out of their faith in Christ, the 
ovly Saviour of mankind, into a reliance on the blasphemous doc- 
trine of the Roman Church, that only through its priests are 
men to receive the benelits of the Christian dispensation. 


afta eo 


a Wea cals la a Uitae wi 


pes sea ba biereds 


Seep nye er mane Pes Sey 


‘ 
i 
3 
3 
4 
| 
: 
i 
i 
d 
? 
4 
{ 
3 
3 
1 


aries, aut- 6 6), BOT 


nek oat ant? Jnneates of nove tnd ylasgqeiot <a 
wilt bales eee od uci votes shyid dene! Deaieg. oo ; 
Nivea, “alt yoome iotrurp bow tected) deomh, 7 
onerwe tll soilliy hworvels ae coqe hwo aol { 
twiae ait lin bor ,bot) siotud ssend eid ooqe tah. . 
wl tneds ioidw ted atseqe ylao fuow sod duals - 
Peivinel ult Io sottevine oot ealt od Leidegees, 
‘lune tisdt io hoold ac) Useutal wogy sdatbisow _ 
viguiword eew of i wid@acqens Ysewid bled bas 
lo sot tewenn of ybeoy aw od toe bare egaorw 
homnsbacs ad oxbiw Snomybul, snivil ols soled : 
wieesiqet Bee guiditt tedie your gathhn: 5 Heil of : 
nod? theme soot ae bewolldiaadT 2seastage ‘a 
Adi « bod od beverq sd ot gaint ete wow oteds : 
1 Duwols eegneeny ol beor bus ,athd otoled osgo 
wort batelarurtt sd -ornited vo sooth) you aaw onorls } 
si) nO eestor desry itv si bib od oldie odd : 
wid sroteob lestidid cls miles notte aw sil noel 7 | 
7 
7 


a 


romlA hoow town lvavilouboyy aie aeebbesil =. 

o jo atvesd oft bowing od saolo guidaasnp yd ~ 7 
» sompibedo edt of alyed amili bal enthuse shyooq. |. 

“dows axl 

cil »otoitratls epoigile lit to adeoge mods widlafl ; 7 

sitibba ; “fl tosbom Mie isl bao xegerpalgonevtd «po 

we smntes ot 1 ativan inven etd eu yaiwollot ads 

om toy ee bed yuh weulw soclg » od 

volt dela yan ste radi todtod wbosiapol ed deping 

“oni an 8 wid nodis sort. batiniy 20d) bop. 

Wi aout bee ~ ni ica ol piaod ta ool... a 

ohqung oily avail ve nuieetogo bolleo-~oe of). : 


peievitath ti somidadt an Meu q ira caeteiies wee" 7 
oid ,Yeinst) al dried} birth hc” =i “a 


‘oirk a voroailiyeaet outs po wanntion Mi 
ve amen 0 dyoonty oa 
sdvustonwanjeith aihabetal) oad Yo eriiagd 


(SET eT TNR TE TEMES TN 


iiliatnn bt adele deaiaaianian aenandaaiitediicadiinemaietre matead 


' 
eerie ee DTT TEN ET EET MSE TOD EE Te Fa i YH ES PU HTN APT I PETE A TP ee SET 


ADAM KRAWARSKY. 107 


flocked to him, which caused him great joy. This 
he was reluctantly obliged to give up in his old age, 
when the power of hearing failed him. In the 
year 1652 a member of another order brought an 
accusation at Rome against the Bohemian Jesuits. 
that they were inert and unproductive of good. 
The report of father Adam’s mission to the heretics 
of the domain of Count Colloredo, containing 
the account of 6040 conversions, happened at that 
time to be sent to the Emperor at Vienna, and to 
the general of the order at Rome and the congre- 
gation pro propaganda fide, which the Jesuits urged 
in their favour to disprove the accusation.” 

“1 (says Balbin) could cite more than three 
hundred of our fathers, each of whom had converted 
several thousands ; one of them could count 16,000. 
A respectable member of our order writes thus of 
father Adam :—‘ I have travelled much through 
the cities and villages, e. g. between Prague, and 
Klattau, and Breznitz, moreover between Prague 
and Konigingraz, and Kosteletz, and then again 
towards the district of Krumau, and almost every- 
where the people asked me after father Adam, as to 
where he lived, and how he was? They spoke of 
him with gratitude for having again brought them 
to the catholic faith.” The chief burgrave, Jaroslaw 
of Martinitz, when speaking of him in company 
of the most distinguished men, called him the Bohe- 
mian Apostle. Father Lamormain, confessor of the 
Emperor Ferdinand II., judged father Adam to 
have been especially sent of God for the conversion 
of Bohemia. He himself relates the following de- 
liverance which he experienced:—‘ On my return 
homewards, some men from Budissin went before, 
in order to way-lay me. But before [ fell into 


Mn aes ec eke ae a 


i A LN aI A A a ad 


ihe Bs dn AO enh ES Landa Abe 


a i er ha i i be eb dd 


toy Won WAme wtgdig A | 

si8T voi, wary ast bomen solely shh b Badeol! 
Bo aid ai qu erty oF “yliratottet enw ef 

at anid halidd y Ww wes od) aedw 
ne Whe vord wise tadioag Wr norlebeat & SOL may 
ates) onlemettoti: alt tavteye sero tn molimaunes 
‘hous ‘te svitewhoweta haw stl sre cqodd. indt 
ge Enrron welt 0d worst a mmbA vedi Ta toge: al 
gninisting obmolla? cna Ye wleatgh ady to 
jars ia bomsqyed tiie vow OMO To tapos ody 
of tare pana’ domorgant ale er fest ed of omit 
~esynos att hie ome ts whee allt W Tineesy ods 
hegre ativan), oct iloistw o\dit sbmteneoiy ong aoiteg 
“swolleenose ot veowslh at worst siedt ai 
teil) nails scout aio blots (witied epee) 1” 

boneyawe bad mode to to eet ene Yo berber 
* DOOM qeeas bites molt Wi oe palamwond) bey. 
Yo euds mabew vatren two Wy ever oldnisaqest A 
Hgnord? deem bellersrt syed P4—) aabA yodod 
hire sigur) meswied .y 5 extelliv far esisiy ont 
sgert imeiwied tovosttn stlugetl hao real 
nian got hon .xtvleizoA tein alleqegtwiH bax 
“vio aol bins umn te ally edt chanwes 
Gt a enabA-wosis\ rotly wer belie Wiqueny oft mode 
Yo sdoquyedT | eww sh vod tem bovil od odo 
isilt dlywerd! aleve guived seb obetiteng diiw avid 
waleornl eearytud toils od'T "dill allodiae ods 02 
: Youqenoa mi mm to -girideeqe ail jetinitwM Yo 
~atlofl orld mitt lvllan youn bee ‘Mom out Yo 
oil Yo wweastinon (inition treo? valtedqA auton 
O mabA SG tersbol LL haniltnd aomqma 


tote ang otk. lo’) Yo tonayininogee need sved 
Abedin Uoeerhf of! elmadod Yo 


ruling qaoe aikeiHintl ovr ig hercty-aninet 
on thst 1 allel tu ag aw of ainto wl 


, . 
ao 
_ we : a 


108 THE JESUITS. 


their hands, a messenger met me with imperi.: 
letters to the chief governor of Upper Lusatia 
Taking the letters from him, I returned to 1). 
town, and thus escaped the danger. In the cir, 
they thought me already perished. The dean, whe 
met me, would not let me proceed alone, hii: 
accompanied me with his domestics to the Bohe- 
mian frontier.’ 

“When the Saxon troops had taken Prague ini 
1631, father Adam was beaten and severely 
injured by them. And though the Jesuits were 
then expelled from the city, father Adam, with 
the respected and eloquent father Swabansky, re- 
turned for the consolation of the Romanists. Thev 
appeared disguised as colliers, having blackened 
their faces, aud driving coal-waggons to the houses 
of the Romanists, they went in, and comforted them 
with the hopes of a speedy change of affairs. The 
vice-chancellor, Raphael Mnissowsky, often bought 
coals of the fathers, who stopped with their oxen at 
his door, where the animals were committed to the 
care of a lad, and the Jesuits went into a room, 
washed their hands and faces, and calling the 
household together, read mass. They then again 
blackened themselves, and took leave. Wallenstein 
soon after arrived with his army, and besieged the 
Saxons in Prague; but before the imperialists had 
broken into the town, father Adam took boat, 
and by himself crossed the Moldau. When he 
arrived at the Jesuit college, some Jews had already 
bought the furniture of ‘the house, the wines, and 
other things from the Saxons, and were ready to 
flee. But through the medium of some well dis- 
posed citizens, he succeeded in detaining them ; 


oA ear nt ca ld sl ll a 


cl a bla le ad Mi ahi AT a a 


eaerar ervey ag OF Peron 


scene LIA I A ta AA af My a a all as A mead eS ta 


rapt ative ony geet tyoement 6 abomd siedt | 
vend ragqil Yo rorraveg touly al) of ensiigl 


TIES. aUT _ 2 BOL 


it ot bestest 1} evid mort evsttel oft gatdesT 
| vis alt wh tegenb sili boqeves end bax sewot 
viy eee sAY -bodetony boos soy adguods yods 
pul actile beenorg oor tol son bhiew 961 ism | 
vilglesd Fo Mizesinob sid ditw ger ysinegaoss 
went aedtet bed eqoort coneA oft oul 
vhawrse bea oatsed eon oobds. wade EBL 
[whew ztives ott abguods bad ang iht 40 bowjai 
iter wmabd. orarbiet nie adi ator hellogue asidt 
uM Yizondawa teilid> saonpole Lan Hetwoqapt od 
. cull atetanerodl add to-uofislostios wali wil bogies 
Woevdonld vetvel ,ersilion 20 bosinyeth bowmegqe 
waned! ot ot eroynen-deod gaivinh bes aost tigds 
rwalt boris fis ei teow yodt 2teentadl adi Yo 
wiT scisitin Yo ogee vimsys ato exgod aula dsiw 
tlevod cefie orlawoeiirkt Isailquil, .ollseasste-saty ; 
oy vo ods dtiw tmpyor odw woe alto ginon 
alt ot horriqom grew alaccian oils srdy ptoob etd 
Ateot a otett tae etines’ ode hae tl @ to ate 
ol? yoilles bar yee hes ebosd_simlt badanw 
wivon ood? -yorlT © eznatt best ytuilssgoy Ahulseood - 
tivnentla lt” evael doo jinn 207 loentsds housdoald 
ot brosiead bon cyarte abl hiv Loviers tafe moos 
fial 2veilaigqund ods aeitad dud ; ougueh oi suonet 
lwod door ambA vedtet .revot tlt ott mdond 
ol veal’ gaablol ada foecom Yoemid qd baw _ , 
Yirorla bed (Wao L omos gallon tivaok olf da bovine . 
bie souiw obtyeanod aft Yo ectier aalt - 
OF yb ori Hie wi moth eguilg rae, 
«tih How: onvoe Wo unntiwen edt dgvous ww sof . , 
jieuld yuintditels at hobwempue oil eussitio bosoq mined. 


TPS reer 


nee Len meri 


t 


ADAM KRAWARSKY. 109 


and thus the fathers received back much of their 
property. The year 1648, when his strength 
was already much broken, was a sad year for him. 
The Swedes under Konigsmark had at this time 
taken the Kleinseite by treachery, anc waged war 
against no other church but ours. The soldiers ap- 
proached and began to plunder. While they were 
raging, as though they had taken Prague by force of 
arms, father Adam arrived. They took the grey- 
headed old man, whohad sacrificed himself tor us all, 
and beat and bruised him shamefully. Then they 
led him out into the market-place with father Martin 
Santinus, declaring that they had captured them ; 
and had the matter gone on, they would have taken 
father Adam to Sweden. He died in the 75th year 
of his age. His body was followed to the grave by 
the principal officers of state, the most respectable 
ladies, and the inhabitants of every grade. The poor 
wept greatly, and the whole street from the college 
to the market was occupied by the train ot those 
who followed him. Pelzel, in his Lives of the 
Literati, iii. 98, testifies that he was a pious man, 
and lived an irreproachable life.” 

Balbin. also praises Andrew Metsch, who was a 
very eloquent preacher, and a man of untiring 
activity. ‘ He lad converted 10,018 heretics to the 
eatholic church by his holy and learned sermons, 
nine Protestant preachers he brought to conviction, 
and regained 109 apostates.” Oppel, also, ‘to the 
Joy and peace of their relatives, had great success in 
converting heretics to the orthodox creed, especially 
many of the nobility, chiefly females, who were on 
the eve of emigrating. from the country.” 

In the memoir which Balbir dedicated to those 


WHNBASE, 90 


4 eee aoe 


eae oTeW ved) olin W \ obaaley oF seed baw 


_ Molsitaos-ot tdyuend stl monamrny vireteototd onia 


satid Vit wer hina o 8s dered dower ybasile maw ve 
geri! sid) re bad sremepiod A sbdi eshow8 oT | 
tew logow ‘we ;yrodoome vt ois odd coda | 


“ys eriblos sill dene tid dows sotto og taniepis 


Ye serot ed omryerT asader Dowlveglt Hovods w ,gaiger 
“rom wit door yalT Jteviene WinhA radi enrin 
ella eer 08 Veet yl booftionae bul oilw areor blo bobssid 
yo) aelT  .ziletomada mid bosliel? bussed ban 
nim solid itiw soniq-tadennt sdf ont tno cai bal 
pmadt bouages bad ‘yor idt sitreloob puritan 
Solas svat bivew yodt ao ste? Tiltder alt bed bas 
qo DT ot oi bei oH \eohewRor atebA yoda 
yA avery ald oF hewollel exw vhad Moga wil Yo 
wldatxqent teont 9d? sins Yo soso linlonita ods 
twoqg ml shen: yrsve to atautldadid oil) bie otha - 
oyeilos sul aroit ssone sloder oir bite alinory qo 
senile to wisi ol yd “bain ene dato alt of r 
oft Jopeovid aid ni Joxtod etd hovolldd odw 
antr aooig a sew od tale epiieyt BO ii eos 

“Ail sldeonomqant ue bovil bos as 
saenw odw doo wobad eestony dele .nidladl 
Petition to mr a bas padenrg Youpols ytov 
st} of aaitmied 410,01 honsveos hal SH ytivitos 
Anode bases! bow ylod dt vl dowdy silodtne 


odto9? joale flogqO  " sermeoqutiOt honingot bas 
ob eeoooue ivory bet eovitalor tint woieg bus yor 
(Ulpioayes -bavie xobords oir oF eattetorl Baittava0r 
no ow ow. inet yheids yailidon ode Ww ynam 

“gwnues silt mei gaitergine Yo ove odd 
seul oF bsteviliod oillill doit siertomy vilt al 


110 THE JESUITS. 


Jesuits who in the plague became a sacrifice to the'y 
spiritual fidelity, he celebrates among others Casyiir 
Hillebrand, and states, “that he too had been 
out upon dangerous missions to the heretics, thi 
he had converted many, and had strengthened the 
weak.” 

In his biography of the Literati of Bohemia iii. 
114, Pelzel mentions, that George Ferus (Plachy 
“employed all his learning in the conversion ot 
non-catholics. It must be ascribed (he says) to lus 
powerful and irresistible eloquence that the inhabi- 
tants of Prachatitz returned again in a short time 
to the catholic church. They call him to this 
present day their apostle.” Many others he praises 
on this account in his pamphlet published in 1786, 
from which we cite the following passages :— 

‘“* Frederic Bridel was fifteen years missionary in 
Bohemia. He travelled especially throughout the 
mountainous country, in the districts of Konigingriz, 
Bunzlau, Chrudim, and Czaslau, where he led the 
people back to the orthodox religion. So long as 
he could save some souls, he cared neither for un- 
favourable weather, steep mountains, and difficult 
roads through forests, nor for reproach, threatening, 
and beating, which he often had to endure from 
the Hussites.” “ Benjamin Schlayer preached 
three years in Prague, and brought over many 
non-catholics to the church; and Jacob Gratz 
converted some respectable families to the holy 
faith through his irreproachable life and forcible 
representations of the truth.” ‘ Matthias Vierius 
entirely devoted himself to the mission, and pressed 
forward to the remotest districts, in the moun- 
tains of Silesia and Bolemia, to half barbarian 


cecuuadshe dd adhe Hace dab oh eva beastie taal 


3 
4 


oes ant © Fan ¢ 


could af Snitfrad & parsed senpailey atiiand Oster att 

nea’) spite gro eterdales oth, igileba sushiqa 

vod fad oot od sedi” este baw prod . 

nail? 2oianeil od) of sanieain seiniaaaicnngn in Ae 

ip lanodtgaan bed bas yaar bora bated. 

"ler . 

eerie Yo imonitor toryliqergold aid ol 

wioal) aod syioet) tide anol loslsd 11 . 

wy worrrce aff ot geimresl aid bie boyolqar ” 

eid ot (e¢ee onl) badinoss od seum 41 ssifodtas-aoa 

idaulert anf sala santo pols oldiseiewint haw Luttawor 

wilt vote gai nison barrie spadoayl to ataet 

-idt of mmthd Neo yotT adewio oifedtas oly of 

eeinny of eenlto yas “\oltaogs watt web saeng . 

batt ni bodelidy ssldqmeg eit ot sgere edd. —~..» 
—! segneang yniiollat cult atig ow doidw arom 

al viscolsion mer, anita wre Isbivil sitabert * 

ot isodgamult yfleiseqes bollowwe oli. .sinsdofl 

AtrquigivG A to anintath oda. at. ¢aves arouiaianom — 

ols bol od styl eke) bae-enibered) celsmoth 

oa gaol 08 norpilsr subodnu eds ot doxd 

-a tol q9elvige bein of clvoe mow sine blyoo 

dyads bas satietowon qyeta sailtaon slilesuovel ; 

ering gordd jlowonge rl 10M a abaor ' 

wot stubs ot bad oofto, od dotde boo B | 

bedosstq to¢alleG arhemnjnadl “)™ uH odd, 

* vane gave tdgirond. baw. ougen Loa eum, ooird oven 

sie) dosnt bas ;ilotwilo oft ot goilodte-oon _, 

vied gift of soifinwt oldatoocqest gmoe botavica 

otdinret iene oti oldindemeneect’ aid abgmods Apis 

enimaiV aaiitrns iV. ** “hte odd To emoitetnsesrgen 

honor hut olan oy ot Horeril boroveh yloriome 


amon: old al, re oad ie aby 
Garedied Vet ot sia tefl bine, w wh we 


- 


Re error 


THE JESUITS. V1 


inhabitants, who abhorred all other priests. But 
he understood so well how to tame them, that 
finally they both loved him and obeyed his doc- 
trine, and calling him a holy man, even kissed his 
garments.” | 

One of the most zealous was the Jesuit Ferdinand 
Kolowrat, of whom Pelzel says. ‘‘ He was a famous 
preacher, and a forcible controversialist; he once 
disputed in 1618 at Prague with two Protestant 
ministers for a whole day, tough without the de- 
sired result.” 

The Jesuits had, indeed, dificult work in the 
affair of conversion. Not only did they often labour 
in vain, their attendance being abhorred, but they 
also met with violent resistance, as is evident from 
the history of Krawarsky, mentioned above. They 
had often to suffer shame and bodily ill-treatment; 
of which Pelzel gives an instance when speaking of 
the Jesuit Michael Piank: ‘* He had to endure much 
reproach from the Lutheran mob in Breslau, who 
were not as yet used to the Jesuits. They often 
pelted him with mud, snow-balls, and stones.” 

Some of the Jesuits even lost their lives by vio- 
lence while attempting to convert the Protestants 
tothe church of Rome. To the memory of these 
zealous men Balbin dedicates a section of his work, 
from which the following particulars are extracted. 

“The Jesuit Matthias Burnatius, a learned and 
worthy man, was intrusted with the duty of con- 
verting the non-catholics near Gitschin to the 
orthodox church; and by his preaching, conversa- 
tion, and counsel, he gained some thousands of 
utraquists. But in the town of Rowenska they un- 


-animously resisted him; so that the Governor of 


Pa, 
ire - erin amt seen 
jal atzainq volte IIe horvetd “it ne idasler 
dealt yreuls oneet oF oa Howe @ f mes “a uM i 7 
vol ell boredo bas ntidebevel died wid bani 
al beeid cers oom vivid w wild guile bow oui 7 
7 : ” . - 


buecilvrsl seat, ont enw evelpes soot sHi2'lo sO 
ee até sean SH 27x bovis wodw to serwolua 
aot sil ;teiinieszorimes sid # bow toloeorg 
tenteonnd ows dhiw ouger9 se GEOL at bottrqeil 
~ob ait suodiry itgoowt e¢eh alailw & a6 eroteinin 
“alueot betia 

ot nt dion sfioth \bosbai jueil efivesl odT 
wednl nette varly bil vite we atokravaeo to tidle 
qt tid lemodds: yuied sowdtinene dod ier ok 
aott tuobivs 2 ee sommteiene tuglaty det sour vele 
yodT .ovorle besotrmar slerewartl to yrotidl oils 
pomteye-llt vile? bu watede- wives 69 nofto bed 
Yo gaidmee owlw voanant mw savig lasiol doidw to 
lover oui ot had oH + : deel lone tinesl oult 
2.) oily enone at doar amedtnd old aad desowqas 
noite youll anuesl oily ot hoki toy as Son sto%W 
‘esoom bas allad-woae doar stiw mid betleq 
-oiy ed esvil aid) gol aoys etinasl, ait Yo sur0% - 

ainstesiord wit sovav0 oF gaiigmmtis oliulw sonsb 

sant to ton alt OT  ommodl Yo ionils oiltor ; 
otiow aid Io noitoze a eoveoibeb mide sour enoleox : 
-hetawitze ots etelusitreg ‘garyalidt ods doliiw mot 

bow bowel « avitscwdl aside aivesl oT “ 
. Yo yiub ott iive botewtel seem tee ydrsow 
“a a ninteatiid sor evilodimenon oily guitir 
-batevites yaiiloertqg cil yl bow yp tboyrtty zoboilite 
Yo elieayoed? anos boring od boemneo buy soit 
“Hw Youle salamowoll to cewot jut etsinnpes 
40 wamwvot) oft aailt oe ; a iver Ylevowins 


= 


7 
~~) a a 


} By be THE JESUITS. 


Gitschin at length attempted to subdue them 
by soldiers. The people then ordered the bells to 
be rung, and came out with their rustic weapons in 
such numbers that the soldiers did not venture to 
face them ; they merely set the bell-steeple on fire 
and retired. Matthias intended to foliow the peo- 
ple from Libun, where he read mass in the mean 
time. The peasants, who became still more exas- 
perated by the burning of their steeple, were in- 
formed of it, and proceeding thither in a body, 
they surrounded the houses and sought to kill him. 
He was discovered when attempting toescape through 
a back-door in the yard, where one gave him a deadly 
blow in his forehead with a lance, and another 
cut off the middle finger of lis right hand; and he 
fell. Then rising upon his knees he declared that 
he was not to blame for the melting of their bells. 
Upon this one stabbed him in the back with a 
hay-fork, and another shot him through the breast. 
They also inflicted twelve wounds upon his chou- 
boy, who instantly died ; then throwing the body into 
the dung-hole, they departed triumphantly. The 
Jesuit afterwards received a very honourable burial 
near the altar of the church in Gitschin. The 
murderers were subsequently taken, and _ terribly 
tortured; they, however, became Romanists and 
repented of the crime committed upon that innocent 
man.” Then Balbin gives an account of the murder 
of three priests, in the year 1639, when the Swedes 
under Banner invaded Bohemia, and the Protestants 
vainly imagined that they were come to bring about 
the return of their exiled countrymen, and the 
restoration of king Frederic. Yet the Swedes 
only plundered them. ‘The peasants, therefore, to 


oak di acelin alone 


7 
AVIA BST, 
wilt witless ob Gorgaratte ay 4a 

i» - ot eet salt bowie aod olgoug: sl T- atoibl 

ui estoqeaw oiteu vied aslo suo pened jects i od. 

; ol otaesy ton bib ersibles oft walt etadensen dope : 
wi wo viqoote-lled adi toa ylorson qailt j amnlpoos oo | 
wet tt woilol ot bebsorat exile ro a 
fvesttl oily Ath eam hasy od oval ,wod)t inom} olq. 

eames Twi Lie gotevsd ode emtrapsg oT cenit, . 
-#i orm slqueta tied) Jo gate) alt yd botereg iy 7 
‘thed & ni valiuh goibeqvorg baw ti to beartol 
usiul Thal ox sitguoa bus aoavord ody bebacorme yoda, , 
ignotlt sqaqeod yniqunatts aside besrogetb aay oH 
Vinob a usd oveg sno o1aty ,bie', aed nitooh-doad ¢. 
walioue bem oon 2 tiv beotuadt aid ah. wold, 
al bern jtroel takgir el to tp08 aliybjes ade fo gam. 
inels teralonl oe actin cul noqu parm rad? st... 
2ilod viadt Je -wuitleer sat. 101 gerald ot tom eow out 
& tin dood wilt af cated beddate ano eidt, moqU 
tenvid ould dyvotlt std sode redronw bas iat-ged.. ... - 
tie sil noqu ehynow sviow: botoiftat cla yodh .. 
oti vbouedagarivurde asa ; frail elemdanionde y(ed: 
aT vlsandgencis Lenageh yous wlod-gguh edt. , 
late sheletine aoa yy n bevisogt ehuertatin iigaok -_ : 
wll .aidowgtid ai derailo oll tothe ot tome . - 
vidi) baw wedes ploonpoedoe oi meneinam |.) 
bas etinamedl omsood asvewod eggs; howis a 
Junsoagi ted aoqus boniaimnos omina edt te bvieoqas 
iabinet fee aN 9 2 ome 4 i 
shows ott rele AEN) sanz odi oi atauing so1ly Yo 
Honenol ad) bimwiniodell babavakssouetl sobom 
duods guid ct ymogetaw ysilt souls boaiyaui heiey en 
ols bow awewriiies bolixs tied. mune ‘a - 
ehewd lt Jot caanwbod po Jo ayitenotest . 

OF wrote) ermeeune ol betebaulg 


ee 


SS ea renee A I CN REN URE CALS A SPB 


‘THE JESUITS. 113 


secure themselves both against the Swedes and the 
imperialists, fled to the forests. 

At that time the members of the Jesuits’ college 
in Kuttenberg determined to flee to Neuhaus from 
fear of their enemies. Though Peter Lancisi an- 
ticipated danger, and dissuaded them from going, 
he was told that an old man like him ought rather 
to set an example of unconditional obedience. They 
therefore departed, some in waggons, some on 
horseback, and some on foot. They had scarcely 
proceeded a mile from Kuttenberg and entered the 
forest, when some peasants and hunters fired at 
them, and shot the priests John Meagh and Wenzel 
Trnozka dead on the spot; a third, Martin Ignatius 
was mortally wounded. Lancisi, who was on horse- 
back, escaped with the loss of the manuscripts and 
relics which he carried. The bodies were decently 
interred by baron Gersdorf of Malschwitz; and the 
murderers were afterwards seized, and confessed on 
the rack that their lord had ordered them to do it 
from religious hatred. That nobleman was conse- 
quently confined in the White tower at Prague, 
where he remained a few years, denying the crime 
with which he had been charged. Soon after his 
release, he fell in a duel. Meagh, who was mur- 
dered, was a native of Ireland ; he was received into 
the order at Rome in 1625; had travelled much, 
possessed a great knowledge of Roman literature, 
and was generally beloved by his order. 

As the Jesuits were not sufficient for the anti- 
reformation, others were also employed, men both 
of clerical and <ecular orders. Of these the Domi- 
nicans and Franciscaus are particularly mentioned. 
They were sent to piaces where Jess opposition and 


VOL, II. I 


Pm AN am AL 1 kk a i ll th A oN dl a cn LL Ail aid cata MS al a 


es a le th el ie ena 
es _. Evenrrnen A EN Ns Ni i a a eS alli ms wd de edd wna wialand: 


| piles ‘aioe, ade to clan ab ealk tlh 


> 


oer algo enht Fil tee Mone sed Hie al 
est aontiiede mae pcon hea, octet fea of 


md see mnieldon jill Jeter mot 


rene eer “only a sar~-<idesthiep licen 


mort nimdus! vt set oe heeletwenl srediatiw A al 
in isent sate WowtT panenioe- Pree 
gatog mov medi babmoeaity hos \, 


to satee’ aingyiter at Strom: fiarratib “wredleneds 
views fal yodT ro) ae wine bee’ doadserail 
oft bowie hina prodded coed ule w bes gape 
te bet? erteud bea etiaheeg smod | nade 
hon hye Woes nol atoning gall doels fern snrgilt 
avitwirg! dita ini» pie Wl ao be adoom'T 
pinta vie tian odw Gaiscin’ shehawow vfletioet sew 
bis sigitmentzgr ods to. ean wily altive hewpeees lowed 
wivw esibod of? baie oil dotdlw eilss 
wile Germ | ativedtonlel¥ penis dni a 
jn fimeaeitvo ete: lees 
Hohot mot Howie taut bel alu sailt dows ads 


wIrgers de rawr silt qily ab hentinws yYbasep 
varito-ald gaiynol: usy wil s hauineres ud scontw 
zit waite woo% —tounlo- ana Dread onl aléielwe thriw 


ott bovine enw atl ; | 


114 ASSISTANCE OF 


difficulty was expected to arise, and the Jesuir 
were sent where others failed of success. Here s),:! 
there we also find canons of Prague actively cneaor!. 
several of whom have already been mentioned. ‘{)), 
danger with which this employment was connect. 
was the cause why the priests, thus sent, preferr 
taking up their chief quarters in strong castles ; 
in this way they were best guarded against the 
“violence of the peasantry. 

It was not with the sword of the spirit, but with « 
sword of steel, that another fraternity laboured in 
those times of anti-reformation. This was the well 
known Lichtenstein’s dragoons, who, in 1626, in 
conjunction with the Bavarians, cruelly tortured 
and murdered the pious mountaineers of Upper 
Austria, vying with each ether in the exhibition of 
vices the most ferocious and disgusting. It was 
through the instrumentality of these wretches that 
Bohemia became transformed in the short space of 
fifteen years ; for Pelzel expressly says, that in 1620, 
Bohemia had become almost entirely Protestant,* 
with the exception of the monks, and a few of the 
nobility ; but at the death of Ferdinand II. at least 
in appearance, it was entirely Popish. The writer 
just mentioned, thus continues: ‘* The conversion of 
a whole country in so short a time, was ascribed by 
the Jesuits to themselves alone; but as they were 
boasting of it at Rome in the presence of the Pope, 
the famous Capuchin Valerianus Magnus, who was 
present, and had taken part in the Reformation of 
Bohemia, said: ‘‘ Holy father, give me soldiers as 
they were given to the Jesuits, and I will convert 
the whole world to the Catholie faith.” 


* Hereby is not to be understood Lutheran, but merely non- 
catholic, mostly utraquistic. 


“— 


SPP PEUVENT Or Ene Oe RIT UU TUTE NT Cte MannTe sO Ten te wu tee DRE near 


Deane Wrewurey ht ane te nae 


des oe 


hit at lal tea ated ik a nl i a ll 


7 / 
4O HoAeTELERA ey a. 


wet mt Wee vata of betooqxe enw eles 
refit wel waaoous bo holint emuilto ovoda dne8 sw — 4+ 
iesnprte Yisviten orgerd io enon hatodaow sted? =~. | 
off .botoiiieent coved vivoth: oved mothe todarsvae é 
Lotuaieman sew tocorrolqrm etl) dont shin tegash. 
_ jeeteiteng not cud sevtey od yale sammy. oft caw ; 
colitis geuove-ni emrnnp Isid sed? qo gaidet” 
wiesaiegs belvtery ted orem yorlt gam eidt ni 
- _ytamensg salt to someloiy 
o ition tid ainniga adls Jo browse od abtive ton aew a1 
oi beurodal yahirretett tsdtone tot vote Io brows: 
ther ott ae attT © .consantier-itun ie emit soodd 
i OSOT wb orlW anoogeth e‘sinttoubid awoad 
lenetiot yvHowto \enatte?Gtl ors sitw goltoauiaos 
tqqg J Yo eestisinvogr aroiq. sit hombre boa ~ 
Wo nobidilys 409 nt edie does chin gaier whack, 
sow 31 ygwisanyeih bus -lomost teem oii eniv 
silt aufstere seedlt lo yriletcomtaet oi dguod 
lo oon: mode pdr of bonrolamst? samoed aioe ~ 
O8OT al sail erer zleeorqzs losin woh gp eprny steel y et 
“justasiorD ‘gleriias teomla omosad” bed sieedod —~ a 
oil) Wo wet a ben Saloon ott to euinqueee oid abtiv 
- Jeool ae TT hotnniivee'T Yo disob oilt ta tad pyiliden in 
wthw of deo yerisco enw at oomemoqgga ai 
Wo noiemvaos et” s eonnia09 eudt \horoltmon ten{ | . 
yd bodies ep oerit a trode oF ot oyuieon.olody _e 
snow sit ap ad (amebe 2orloealy ot. attract odd . 7 
oqot ont to sanmzsty silt ai sorofl saat 0 paitanod _ 
sew ofw enegell snunbmicY aidorqoDavoutede 
jo podancdheR od! ul te codet hab ban, 
66 emiblos sar weg cewltel yloH “ shims . 
toveus fie 1 baw esieel off of aovig'otow 
hake sifediaa ott ot bitow slow ads 
saw lyin Jud nuvi Imosetabas of oF tone ydoralh 


7 


a ae 
a 


LICHTENSTEIN S DRAGOONS. 11s 


The Lichtenstein conversion-soldiers, received 
their name from Prince Charles Lichtenstein, 
who was at that time imperial governor, and espe- 
cially managed the restoration of the Bohemians 
to the Papal faith; supplying detachments of sol- 
diers for the purpose of aiding the object of the 
conversionalists, by terror and compulsion ; because 
conversion was considered a matter of submis- 
sion, and steadfastness a proof of disobedience. 
Those soldiers, destined to produce fear and dis- 
tress, consisted partly of dragoons and cuirassiers, 
under the Spaniard Huerda, and partly of Spanish 
and Bavarian infantry, with some others. They 
were perfect masters in the art of terrifying the 
people, of ill-using and torturing them by every 
means ; and Zdenko Liebsteinsky Kolowrat, one 
of the most active persecutors of the Protestants, 
used them effectually for this purpose. These 
Lichtensteiners were not an army that had faced the 
enemy; they were only appointed to harass an 
unarmed peasantry, and they were permitted to 
indulge in all manner of licentiousness. What 
could be expeeted from barbarous men, knowing 
that every species of oppression would not only be 
telcrated but gloried in by their general? They were 
especially employed for the purpose of driving the 
people to the Popish mass with their sabres, being 
well) aware that the Emperor had determined 
to eftlect a uniform religion and worship in_ his 
dominions, and to put the people under guardian- 
ship, as he said, for their salvation ; they were, 
therefore, also called saviours. Being quartered 
in the houses of the Protestants, they tormented 
their hosts with outrageous demands, and incessant 


12 


7 
= 


> 


= —— ee een (Gann [a an Lh <> ——ea Qqnaeaezne-‘as b= = 


elf zeoonana ay 


bevioter = rmibloe-aoletaraos 
weiteidoil voll) soni ae 
= bast omvog ial a idl erm oe 
aizimailoll silt Yo woitstatent ot hogannne ‘ellis 
fos to svesardomeh : Hid Loge oilt wt 
Silt Yo soojdo od? gaihia TW vieqraq oil) teh eri 
ssemd ; moieluqmos ben triet yet 2setlaaoiersrnin 
sind TO Yatannt 6 hevhienes an” Moietyrnyy 
sonsihodeeth to Tootq u eeomtelhunte ban avis 
~ib bas 13) soubor ot botitaah tsibloe gel 
Psizertino ban sucogeth YW ziti hoteienns an 
deisegé to ylnog bas .ofro tl Iamiaog® oily whew 
voaT tlio sino iw sigmalol ueiwentl tw 
oft Baie iis! lo na silt af eieterm trihay one 
Tiare vd rtoddt porotot tam yetes-fli tw colgreny 
mao terwoloH preciojedold odashS hap ; een 
tnihiasto1] od) ‘to iebregse Sritog seo wilt To 
seal . Dey at stilt... 101. 9 witouits wrnly len 
sity bod) hui! sedt yervip ae ors eynttionerrontys | 
Mit eeetnd 03 batnioqqé- lam teat Patt 
on boring orave yous ave cy bauer 
jak 7 Seeonanoityanil Yo ‘warm te of oplubwi 
petivgnal aim atorediad set bearers cat thine 4 
od Yio Yor bloc noiezorqga To ablerage xyes tlt 
stow YT Elerooyy riatld edt | tant Pratl 

aivith Yo seogrnq alt tis vileirnyes 7 
ek Aondie tio) cttw enc ge ot ohqorny 
foniens bal sovsqind Indl ongie ihn 
- at ifienoow fon oigiles ae? toolte oF 
aa! slave ault mo Anna enoiaimoh 


one y © i “oil ae apie 
batanou ln rmkeral 
heaton 


116 ASSISTANCE OF 


ill-treatment ; but they were immediately remoy,.! 
from any house in which the master declar. 


himself a Romanist. What a temptation even ji. 


those who up to that time had remained steadfist / 
One of their most revolting modes of conversioy, 
was that of tying down mothers, so that they 
should be unable to reach their infants, whose eri 
they were compelled to listen to, without being per- 
mitted to suckle them until they should promise to 
become Romanists. 

In Bohemia there must have existed numerous ac- 
counts of the ferocious deeds of those Lichtensteiners: 


but excepting what is contained in the history ci 


the suppression of Protestantism in some single 
cities, we have no access to any of them. We shall 
however, insert some extracts from the manuscript 
chronicles of Zittau, a city bordering upon Bohemia, 
though its inhabitants themselves did not endure 


those tortures, because that city, with the whole of 


Lusatia, was then happily mortgaged to Saxony, 
and protected by that Proveetant power. “ In 
February and March, 1628, it is recorded, that re- 
ligious persecution approached nearer and nearer to 
the cities. Count Kolowrat, imperial cominissioner 
during the anti-r. formation, used force against the 
inhabitants of Gabel, by beating and chaining; and 
seizing all the Lutheran books which the Evange- 
licals had in their houses, he burned them near the 
‘whipping-post. Then transferring the commission 
to Grafenstein, lie arrived there on the 10th of 
March ; for whose arrival the proprietor (lord 
Tzschirnlhaus) did not wait, but retired to Zittau. 
In consequence of this, the commissioner brol-_e into 
and seized the castle, immediately beginning the 


sy ty RA aa da a ld ll 


bah Abd otha. cundsbe alt! 


A a i a A A tt tb 


feared 


daa ai 


ma ibid aes! 


Einpe yim curt tive ve snte pwar et aan! 


clei A RE ii a i ki i lsc el a a ea a a 


GO ADRATSAAR 


omen getter’ oro vodr sud ; tases 
ied eiannr od) dolly of — 
* eve doitgerd « 10 selma 

safe booties: ul sertit Jacky oF qs 0 . 
ibayenes Yo esboor gaitlove1 seomt tl To et 
eat dosh 62 rodzom, seroh pater to tacit enw 


pels swasetee etnutii vows, slowet ot alan ad biuode : 

“ray niod avoudtin: ,ot noisil ot baliaqutos so out 

wo) xeiororg bldore. yods Fizat groilt plihure of hoatier 
aiacamedt onmpasd ; 


vim enitrrotmutea hodaite oral teuarnrads eaiiemodl, al 
srutiotanatdonl soit tu ebook 2srpioawl alt Yo etru0 
to yroteih weld ni. boniatows «i tadee geltqooxe dud 
uhenle ova ais maitententorT jo potaerngqar ols 
thule SW org) lo yan of ceso98 ont avai ow in ~ 
iginoantune salt rot elagties omen sean gtovonrorl 
ireilotl stoqugarebiod ytia » ,wettt® Ty saloinotdo 
nvbee dee bib avyluacrodt esnajidilst oti atquods 

\o vlodye gilt alttw ,ysio 101) senna aommeror geod ae 
0. Ot hepeytroar tliqqad. sult som stead ” 

ma T9NO aaaieso7') ims ¥d bataatom, brs 

64 doit dholnudee.ai th .2S01 lord dite quando 

wt otase big tet bulonoiqgn conietieg mvorgil 

‘anuleionmog Iniagmi jetrolod ned @yitio silt 

oilt Jeninga sort bees noisnnriol » apa vara 

bos ;eatoinle bra goitsod 4d, 

~vyumr ost doikye gaood aitsoslta] en 7 
wild Thon ioe? borrud: oil esol 4 

notterm@o ol? gabroteness *oodT rani 
ty 01 a? a0 bovivers ot absteueiass 
bol) setaingang add Jyveree sod Tel; ine 
wer of beter aad tiny tou bib (esmdividoesT 


went o.tord uals. Yo 
shia serait 4 


LICHTENSTEIN ’S DRAGOONS. iF 


reform, which the peasantry stoutly resisted In 
April, the anti-reformation made such progress that 
the vassals went to confession, and took the com- 
munion sub una. In 1631, the nobility and officers 
of the towns and villages had to quit the country. 
Those of the Lutheran religion, were entirely dis- 
missed from their offices, and Papists put in their 
-tcead; the priests and Jesuits raging fearfully. In 
whatever parish they settled themselves, the peasants 
at. first drove them out, for they could not easily 
conform to their religion. To enforce their pur- 
poses, they employed Zdenko Liebsteinsky, whom 
the Emperor had ennobled with the title of Count. 
A company of soldiers was given him. These and 
himself were called ‘ salyationists ;’ who took the 
poor people as they found them, at home, in the 
street, or in the field, and drove them like cattle to 
the church. There they were forced to confess after 
the manner of the Papists, aud were immediately 
absolved. For the Papists thought that if they had 
only compelled the people to confession, and to 
partake of the sacrament in one kind, the whole 
matter was effected, and that they were made 
suthciently popish. They then let them live in se- 


nn 


curity, promising them moreover offices and estates; 
hut they gave them nothing. Manv, therefore, fell 
into great doubt, and again embraced the Lutheran 
reheion. The condition of Silesia and Bohemia 
lhecame in the course of time most miserable, as the 
‘ salvationists’ raged everywhere.” 

The operations of these military missionaries were 
not confined, as we have seen, to Bohemia; for the 
Emperor, having broken the agreement, in favour 
of the Protestants in Silesia, which had been ex- 


ie 


th ANOODANG 8 VIATARATN see 


al Ietetier -zinsom yrineensg ath doidw saruiba 
| WHY eeregony done ohewt coidumactlbetsigne® oil) Aimy he 
7mm eli Joot bas Hoist OF tani elaeeny “iil = F- 
, _ epenile haw ytilidon alt SEU ab awe dwenotuiu 
yarns oi) tip ot bad exontlie baw enwod alt Yo 
| “eb wirtiun on ncigil: ampli ale Yo oxul'l 
tar) oF ing srelqa] bie sally toils arodt leeaien 
2 yllutas) Baigent stiueol jae etestaq onlt 5 hari 
. Hiensoy mld zvelsesiatl hoeltige yatedebuyy tovercly 
| ¢liew jon bivos yody st due smodt sooth 14 : 
“my tieilt sotus oT. noryiioe oily of andtaw 
| mony YAeuivsadoil odushS bayelypeey yore xo } 
faved ‘to oltis otis tin: bealbention bean worrmyenich vil) : 
boa seo? nti wevig swy exubbloe Yo venapon 4. 
lt doe iter Sj etzinuitivies* bolle crow Moers a : 
ont i anol gn ,oreds Laud goed ee slqnod 0y 
o} oligo odil crm) ovo'ly (use DOM old ni-ae sorte 
tiie vadlugs os Loot) ste yaitiorl?  adowile nl . 
Ytalbomini sy bus d2iga) ose Yo ro;mnne ails - 
asd youl Ui oily 1 gros sreingel aale-qoT chewy lout 
0! btn aolardios of slgosq silt bollaqitos vln0 
slow alt ybgid ove ui saomierae oils do villares 
; obra ower yeilt toil). dag dbotedite, ecw sonant 
- th avid tgoilt tol aor quifT stheiqon, lrustviline 7 
iavindes hire eaoilio syvostour auld wien, erin ; 
lo} ctonmda pzualé peiiion teas oven wads sod 7 
; vsviltul oda boamidam wigs In tdnob jeory oni : 
sinwlol hag sieslic io soitihave ofT anobailey 
WH eo goldevweiet s2om ontit Yo oerMoo oil) udoener! | 
‘ “orotkaciors bogie ‘atelmitverics * 
iow Srtnuoimlas rrevition deol to enlace ol T 


ad? a0), ¢ uiutodoll "ox 002 avail sy a6 plrotvitney don 
Tove ai dive 8d) oso quinn come i 
ons Wat Iyal woity ties ai aetanateniye anh Ws = 


or. 


118 ASSISTANCE OF 


torted from him by the Elector of Saxony, sent 
his anti-reformation commissioners into that country 
also, the chief of whom were the burgrave Charles 
Hannibal Dohna, lord of Wartenberg, and George 
count Oppersdorf, baron of Aich and Friedstein, 
Their proceedings are minutely detailed by the 
historian Ehrhard, from whose work we extract the 


following particulars relative to the treatment of the 


city of Glogau :— 

“ The troops of Lichtenstein, under colonel De 
Goes, which had never been led against an enemy, 
but only employed in Moravia to force innocent 
Evangelical Christians to the papacy, were led by a 
special commissioner of the Emperor to Silesia, and 
from thence to Lusatia for the very purpose, as 
every one supposed, and as the result proved, of 
also deforming the poor people of the country ; these 
soul-saviours, as they were called, from long prac- 
tice, having acquired a peculiar art in accomplishing 
such missions. When Dohna and Oppersdort, men 
of like mind with Huerda, and count Herbersdort, 
(who as governor of Linz, and in the name of the 
duke of Bavaria, had plundered, tormented, and 
killed the people of that country because they were 
heretics), had chosen their proper time, the regiment 
was again required in Silesia, in the principality of 
Liegnitz, from which it had immediate orders to de- 
part and march to Grossglogau, under show of pro- 
ceeding to Brandenburg, so that on the 26th of Octo- 
ber, 1628, it took up quarters in the neighbourhood 
of Glogau. This created great bustle and anxiety, 
and Dohna was let through the gates of Breslau 
by night, lest he should be too late for the object 
of his joy; having to travel along way, and desiring 


JO JowaTewen pall bu 
tnve tone To soto edz yd ord ao fetror 
vitowos tilt aint erwolstenrreos sotnartdler-ttas aid | 
cohort!) erirngiud ott stew now te wuls ot ols, 


swieod ‘hae .qisdastmV? Yo bol serdotl IndinnsH 
uisiehert bas doiA to somd JnobersgqO tones 
alt Yd holietsh -yletunior aie equiimesorqg siodT 
ait Instixe ew drow seedy moi ,bredil axinotid 
SAFO Nismteott old OF vitelot eudemitiay geiwollot 
—: negolD to ysis 

1 Ionuloo jaa Miszerotiioid tw sqoont ofl 
“11908 ita tetisga bel mesd wvse bal doidw good 
rassoauh Soret oF nivel: at bexolgats ylao tod 
ud byl stow jyooqnq odt or eauiteiald hooilspaovll 
baa neat of tomyind gilt to tosomebstnatos. Iniooqe 
en 2oqtiny yew cult it nitsend of somedt aott 
ty .bevosq tloest oft sa ban ,beeoqgqee ano qrove 
seat ; yantéowl! lo olyooq 100g sd? uatartitob cals 
ety gto! met follies wrser ‘rot? = aawoune-lyo8 
ueidetqaronon-ni tre tiluoog 6 bainpae yoieed .99id 
cunt trobemqq® bon smiled coll jeaomeior dows 
‘hohnsdreH step bow .oheH cttw bate odil Yo 
wl to oman oflicai bee soil lo tomeveg ax otf) 
boa -boiayartot ,berobouly bard .ciavalf to odwh 


“stew yods saneged vaitvoy ful? Jo Slqesq ada hallial 


imoitiget ot sanidteqoty tis croeorls bed (esttetad 
to vilinqisahig. sat ni wcieoliA ni bodinpat! anw 
ob or eolno stetboaiai hel 11 dovby mod pgs 

“org to wore tobett whmgoly-207) of stoner bas 3209, 


-o190 Yo then ae sult 0% corn tybaerll of gnthesa 


hootswodsl git ont aimonicnp qu doot sb, 8S00 aod: 


‘Qoieon tit sited daw betes ailT aunegol) to” 


uulenil 0 enim ot dyucnl: iol esw terol hoe 


Jenjo mii tod otal ond Sd binode on deal ye 


gatsiaah bas yew gaol erat 0} guitvel yyag gil to 


LICHTENSTEIN S DRAGOONS. 119 


to keep his appointment. Tor Oppersdorf had writ- 
ten to him by all means to give him the opportu- 
nity of being present, as he would have to answer 
for it to father Lamormain,* should he happen to 
be absent from so good a work. According to their 
appointment, Lichtenstein’s troops were admitted 
into the city during the night, and while its un- 
suspecting inhabitants were asleep. It had been so 
preconcerted, that none but papists remained upon 
guard, so that the soldiers were not only admitted 
within the walls, but even led into the streets, and 
distributed through every quarter with all possible 
silence. The houses were carefully guarded, so 
that no citizen might go to another, or receive in- 
formation as to whence the troops had arrived. I 
leave every one to imagine the terror caused by 
this proceeding. Inquiries were now made among 
the citizens for the houses of the Evangelicals, and 
their residences, and the soldiers were billeted in 
them ; the inhabitants being ordered to supply them 
with every thing they might desire. The Papists 
in the mean while remained unmolested. The 
soldiers having already been employed for similar 
purposes, and understanding the business from 
practice, knew well the design of all this. They 
accordingly rushed into the houses, furiously cursing 
and swearing like so many devils incarnate, beat- 
ing their hosts, and demanding more money than 
they were able to raise. But they never failed to 
declare, that if any wanted to be rid of them, and 
so escape from their ill-treatment, they must either 
vo to confession, or at least get a certificate of abso- 


* The Emperor's confessor, often alluded to. 


et WROOLARG a KiaTanaTHOL : Su 


ottrw hell tobemqyO 0h nae aid qand ood oF 
~titweqgqo ali mit avig oF amour) Ha ye tad oy mh 
Teva of rad Livow ot ae Smeg gaiod to yiin ; 
or goayged ol bigole “cleared yadlsdt of ai wi 
teil) of quilnowA .znow a Smeg oe anertt sageds od : 
hertinhy son eqou 2'aistewshlad suoudaiogqn 
“mi alslily bea dyin odd peiwh yi ott oti 
ze vad bel dl ..qualag orow ateldidnutiat yuitsoqeue 
sou hemenmor eeiqag Jud anen Saslt jhotsonvse1 
buitiahe lao toa stow atailvloe ott molt oa mp 
bie 2losnie silt osai-bol aavead allaw add nidsiw 
siding lin Win wireop yrove dyoondt barmdineib 
04 ,bobyevy ylliines sow adenedd ad’T onoliz 
“i evisans 20 “niliods of og shebiuositis on sels 
I .bevirre hod sqoou odi sonkdwo) en aoinnncit 
yd howe acre) gd} auigemi of ga0. (19¥9 ove! 
wie shaw wor sow eartiapal, —ognilooyetg sinks 
has elgvilonusrl silt to eoawoul odd adh anoxitio vals 
ni hesailid eres syliloa ode. hae jest tiv 7 
macs yiqen® on burolac nuind edukent ads ymoddt 
seqed od nirob ation yale gai? yeve ditw 
ofT — deteslownn bovinae ofidw owt cult ot 
tlinis wt beyeljms asd ybastle gaivad. ewiblos 
tev) seygiawd ili poibustetolas bus 2oeoqiug 
qwiT side tia lo wpisoh od¢ How yesud ,ovitourg 
dele ylenaiw) yeseiioil oft oad bodleun plyuilrooss 
“ed Seca elivol yoom oaadil guinnowa bow 
sald yorom soar gaibasmsh bee yeteod sivdd gui 
Of holidveyom -gailt dot: ote or ada sume youls 
baw cams to ited 0) fomuew yaw Ye dads orsloob 
‘wultio yolt Peiuoond-li tedt soit oqgnoes 08 
~orle to sinnhitnd'® ioe tenol to 10 ~aoiewhan oO oy 
er ‘ ; p -») 


101 babulla raft vaeestuos Lott + 


Pd 


120 ASSISTANCE OF 


lution ; otherwise they could not help them. Thus 
it was, that many from fear, others from ignorance, 
and others again from indifference, hastened to 
Dohna, as chief ‘soul-saviour,’ who immediately 
furnished them with absolutions ready signed. As 
soon as this document was produced, the soldiers 
evacuated the house, and took up their quarters 
with one who had not yet provided himself with a 
shrift or confessional ticket. On aceount of this 
unexpected invasion, and the irresistible troubles 
they were subject to, the multitude of people in that 
large city became so eager to obtain shrifts, that 
they began to fight for them, and pressed forward 
in such crowds, that the priests who were in attend- 
ance, were unable to write. and Dohna to sign them 
with sufficient despatch. But the more the number 
of the apostates multiplied, the more the trouble 
and torment increased to those who resolved to re- 
main firm, and the number of the soldiers billeted 
in some of their dwellings amounted to whole com- 
panies. This was by no means the usual quarter- 
ing, in which the host gives what he can, and the 
soldier must be satisfied ; tor now when a man gave 
all that he had, and even what he could borrow 
besides, it availed nothing so long as he did not 
engage to become a Papist. In the mean time he 
was beaten and driven about in the house and in the 
streets, until he should procure wine and money, 
or consented to apply to the priest, and obtain a 
confessional ticket ; so that even many respectable 
people found themselves overwhelmed with the ut- 
most distress. This however was not all which 
intolerance practised in Glogau at that time; for 
some, who had before resisted Oppersdorf, when he 


ic dai I a i th NIE hn a Hk SE Le 


24 Box eTeIEeA * . 1 


oniT sired? fad tom Myo rod wei ssriio: g re 
eommvocgd Med etude cuit rer quan vilt aoe th 
of born comet Allint ntti mage erailia bite 
vimaitemint ode “uoltuetio-* wide en yudol 
eh Diinyie yhicr exrornslostla slvtw? enna. beseleteraal 
soli atx joouburq sor momemeb sil? es nox 
syrenip tee yar dod) bite .otttorb sil) heinnomr 
Fanw teeiid tobivoty tor 160 bed nile ono altiw 
ay to tooo! WO code) dunoiaediwan ao finde 
wyldoon stdivaizart] ot bas jolteval beteoqzeau 
tult nf olosg to shertidiinm ont .oF togpdne anew yods 
jad? ,aitinile ainide oF TSyn9 02 emmoed yi ogual 
new boxer ban aval! lt tight on mayed yodt- 
bustier ol stew ole ersobty oilt sett elo dove ot 
math opie of amiloll bas stitr of siden en swan 
vodenin alt stom oil with i !seqesh orteiniitoe diiw 
vldvort ‘offs srom st) choliqitiom asteteage oft Yo 
-01 oF bevioset ary sor? or hoenorent dnomrwd hus 
hotollid 2peiblog oft to todiaon att bum yard aieor 
-1nn9 soil af bender 2yuillewh tet Yo amos aj 
“onbip fete ers eraser on 7d ane aT woineg ’ 
ods bee and af ade corte norl edt dolly ai mai 
vireo dan # dole Wout » hohetne od tema wiblos 
vrorra! bides sf indw covy bos Vow od aode te 
jou bib od ax gaol oF yeidion believe i asbiesd © 
ol sett neom silt nl ign s omingad oF ogegny 
ot ai bas vol ot ei toode novi bow noted eaw 
sane han sat enteo binode sd ivme teeta 
# tintde Azsteq offt ov srfqqe-ol bunasands to 
aldamayedt-yient us7s tl) o# > todniy findiestwoy 
-su oft sltiw bornlsdesors ev7loamaidy beet ulyouy 
Uoikw fs tow sav Boved aT cemeth feour 
vol owl) lt a9 wagold i hozitoeng sostetslonsi 
wil aodlw droberoqy OD heteien diiearadiaaid Datos - 


NEE a eee 
TY erat, 


LICHTENSTEIN’S DRAGOONS. {2} 


~ 


attempted to deprive the Lutherans of the church 
of St. Nicholas, had to pay for that resistance with 
their lives. We must likewise add the cruel treat- 
iment suffered by pastor Valentine Preibisch. Im- 
mediately after the entrance of the soldiery into 
the city, he was thrown into prison, and a sword 
and a crucifix were laid before him, giving him the 
choice either of death or apostacy. When his noble 
wife was informed of it, she sent him a message, 
requesting him to choose the sword ;—and he re- 
mained steadfast. This is sufficient to prove that 
they spared no kind of violence in order to deprive 
the Evangelicals of Glogau of the most precious 
of all privileges, the privilege of religious liberty ; 
and to consummate the hypocrisy of their persecu- 
tors, both the town-council and the people were 
compelled to execute a deed on the 2nd of April, 
1629, testifying under their hands and seals, that 
they had not been compelled to embrace the Popish 
religion, but had done so from their own free choice; 
and previously, on the 4th of June, 1628, they had 
been required to sign a statute by which all the 
Evangelicals were for ever deprived of citizenship, 
and the means of obtaining a livelihood within the 
walls of Glogau, for the imperial confirmation of 
Which they had moreover to petition the court at 
Vienna. In consequence of which many left their 
houses and property and fled to Poland.” 

This statement is confirmed by the testimony of 
the Jesuit Nerlich, who admits that the soldiers took 
everything by main force and extortion, beat and 
otherwise ill-treated the people, plundered, burned, 
and destroyed their property, depriving them even 
of the necessarics of life, so that the poor people 
were left in a state of starvation. He finds fault 


aT 


| BHVODARG owintanare@ol S 


iyitise oft to arotoilnnd ad} srttyeby of borqurite 
iiiiw sonuimien ied? tot vaq or hod zaletiZ~ 32 to 
nt lor ult bhe s2ivasli) eer OW eerzil sent 
a1 slvidiow sattnola? aomoy yd bereiiva tan 
Ot ywihive odt to sonettey odt sein ‘eotaibour 
hres 0 iow atosivq otat aaron!) enw oth \ytio alt 
niliss!l onivig inkl etdted Mel eww xfieuw « bow 


“ehdorr wre see ¥ “porteage to dinoh to witlits ssiels 


Sumer a eid jose ole ai Vo bonrnlat eam atin 
~t ot bite—: inows suit seomty of anid guiseauspn 
tad evorg oF Nwiniive et aT = milbasta boninn 
avetqely ot ahyo mi sonolote te did o@ bom yo 
evolg teom ods to usyol) te etosliowmva ods 
i etwdd sioinilst to oyslicing ger yegoliviny Ma Io 
~ineverup tise) Io yartoog rd oily atarmractoa of Den 
wow oliyqooq ot bon lomsros-myos only died zt 
dingA te baS edt wo hesb-ategees ot hulloqatus 
todd lose bus ebond tisdale yeivtaes cul 
deigod ori sostdms os bolboquien sed ton fond qos 
rastorgeat aweriodt wit oe eemly bad sud: srorgibn 
bed yodt,@2O1 oneb to-dse ode ae srlevoiverq hen 
alr Ha datber vd siitets # amis op betipps: mval 
ayuleansidig lo Levingeh sare whore aleotlonmnya 
ott atiiin hoodilori! s guise YW eeeone ods ban 
lo soitnarritves [nite sd? qt asgolD Yo elinw 
16 t1007 SI nettiton of trav boil yous doutw 
‘tilt tol yeteor iloid to oosupoanoo nl aati’! 
“beroled or bok ben vixsqoaq hun esevoil 

Wo Yaoitesd ody yd bettie. et inset alll 
4ooj.gaibloe ate telt eimba one aleiio% tuwol silt 
hat Qéod jnaittatye bu: sotel dina vd wnistytovs 
hewted bowie clyosq odd betel watertislio 
iors mont gaivingeb yrtieqoiq: todd berorteol ban 
shyeomy roo abt. o« stil Yo zorieecot) alt Yo 
Nil shat oH none to state o ni tol oto" 


- 


122 ASSISTANCE OF 


with the whole proceeding, saying, “that thouel, 
they who went over to Romanism might have been 
hypocrites or careless men, the sacraments were stil] 
squandered away upon them; that occasion wis 
given for discontent and anger, whereby the Roman 
church has been made odious to them; that more- 
over the offensive conduct of the Popish soldiers did 
by no means recommend their religion, and that it 
was no wonder the citizens should dislike to go to 
church while they knew the soldiers to be with their 
wives, or had to fear that they might in the mean 
time be plundered.” The Jesuit, therefore, advised 
that Lichtenstein’s troops should be removed. But 
these compulsory measures answered so well in 
Glogau, that Count Dohna boasted of his having 
been able to do more than Peter, who had converted 
3,000 on the day of Pentecost, whereas he had con- 
verted many more without the trouble of preaching 
a single sermon. 

The Evangelicals at Schwebus were also deprived 
of their churches and schools, whose ministers and 
schoolmasters were driven away, and all were com- 
pelled, by Count Dolma and his assistants the dra- 
goons, to become Romanists. He summoned the 
council to the town-hall, which he surrounded with 
soldiers, and compelled them to sign a statute which 
the Jesuits had planned at Vienna, in favour of the 
Papal religion, and to declare that they had them- 
selves become convinced of the Lutheran errors, 
and therefore determined to embrace Romanism. 
The inhabitants were now called upon to confess 
their sins to the priests, and receive the communion 
as Papists. But as the minority only obeyed, re- 
course was had to the dragoons who took up their 
quarters with the citizens, and cruelly tormented 


de ean LA ei st 


abi 


ba ibe PUA Ate as leds ad td keds eed et 


cow SSE 
dual) tnd” vgetves gribssoorq -olodw od “thtiw * ie 
myn! ome Higa aeiueneH of tove tasw oxdweryodlt 
lite orywe elamtaurtone addy cont segloand 10: gstinoogyd 
wt gikiose tlt cowdlt soqu vows hevsbaape 
uunell ad? dered” oogne bas hewlaooeil zal oorkg 
-wont tal? 7 od? ob evotbo bev nmed nil. dorado 
bih- depen disicyo™ aii ty Joules svlenetto olf t97%0 
felt hue ,woiyiles tied? baxomemesnanmm on yd 
tom Of odileth. bivorle enoxitie ld teboow on saw 
tio) dtiw od-ot swihloz at youd yadt ulidee douudo 
nnom colt at tilyien yodt dict veat or bad. a0.aeviw 
bwivba ,xtdlsrsds tivesk oT “Sheoealahy of oot 
mo .beromet ed binode eqoor eubstanetdoi! tads 
ot iow oe herenente eoruesn ptoaluqmos saat 
ontrod eit Yo hotend esado(l inuo) ads segelD ~~ 
betters bad ede a nails roaredod olde sned 
=09 bail aif esetetw deoostied Jo valpads op 000,8 
guidonony to olde silt igodtiv oromt yawar betv 


| To TOMATOIRGA . S8t : | | 
: 


smmarine aignia ss - 7 
bevirqoh ale steve endowilo® tn elusiygnay el oT 2 
hire eroteiaier geudw eloodee ban sedoude isd: Yo © 


noo stow Ln exo yous cuvinh oa erpienaloodga 

-rh otlt ernateiese ett dem sade tae yd .belleq 

od} borominue aH «teiaeivd oooesd 02 enoog . 

itiw hebneottne al dolidw ed-cwed edtot Homuos . 

tloiilw soutate & apie os crodt helloquies bess erwibloa.. - 
alt toto ob gest! 22 honanig bedkatine | odd. : 
-uruld bod edt todteetnloob o7 tine smokgilor Inga. 

erorts neotind ala to beouivnes omoned anviee : 

ceimane ht suman o& bocicrotol edit) bow 

estows od noqa bell won wm etmathdeloi of TD 

noi warms oly ovingt bas «ising ol? ob enia tiodd 

ov hoyolo eine gitwrsiin os en tut weigades | 7 
tion!) qr dood oil @ etoogeth . oil oF bath. au senwon . 
botuewerod yliowia Iwai anositio osle’ dtiw eeenigies aa 


LICHTENSTEIN S DRAGOONS. 123 


them until they promised submission to Romanism, 
which being done, they drove them to mass and the 
public declaration of the Popish creed. 

“During the Papal reformation, by means of 
Lichtenstein’s dragoons, the Lutheran service in the 
parish church of Grunberg also ceased. Its mini- 
sters after being treated with great severity, were 
driven away on the 8th of November, 1628. The 
congregations were then forced to deny the Lutheran 
faith, and their religious books were burnt. After 
a lapse of four weeks a Jesuit was appointed over 
the parish. An order was also issued at Glogau 
in 1629, by which the deposed Evangelical ministers 
were not to be tolerated even in the neighbourhood, 
and the Lutheran curates in the churches of the 
nobility, were forbidden to declaim against the re- 
lizion of Rome. In the year 1629, the Evangelical 
citizens of Grunberg addressed theinselves to the 
Elector of Saxony, and prayed for his intercession 
with the imperial court, concerning their religious 
oppressions, which he promised them. In the mean 
time, before an answer was returned from Vienna, 
Q):persdorf and Dohna arrived with five companies 
of imperialists, and required quarters in the town. 
The citizens endeavoured to prevent them, and 
prayed them to wait for the answer from Vienna. 
The soldiers then took up their quarters in Sawade ; 
but the city had to furnish them with bread and beer 
for several weeks. During that time publie Luthe- 
ran prayer-meetines were held twice a day in the 
churchyard of the church of the Cross. On the 10th 
of September, at 5 o’clock in the morning, the de- 
voted town was upon a sudden surrounded by 
soldiers and taken. They plundered the inhabitants, 


AAR LE A at Aha Aah lh erin kM Ralls i a al a il 


OM tea 


et 


a 
= ao 


eet eenon.nG emIATeKaTHOES ; 

eitame)) od dotseiserdiom beaitwerty yout few aeatt 

ait Loe ean ot orl over yodt nob paivd tloidy 

hoor dage’l vitro soiseulosh silting 7 

to enooor 7d ooitsmnoler laqel ofl? ganwd » 

wit me ovivise cureddnd silt stoogeh 2 ttiotrotlil 
wai ail hoanoo ole grader) too dons deitay 
ee wines leery iti hesinen gaia toile ete 


wit efOL pedumvet to dé ods ow yous aveith ; 
ommeninenl silt ymb ot beywell meats svi BOI iK~eT yi 
It twtid. ois edood eneigiler atalt ban shied i 
1svo hstnioggs 2aw tive B gdeewo-wdl Yo vequl 6 
igol) tm boyat vele eew talyto A thet onl : 


sainit Lesilzganvd hosel mitt doldwogd ULOt al 
doohwoddwion alt al 9 ve Bisebod adler sort sew 
ot to enlotinds oft ni estuaey merdind oth bus 
#1 oilt jeuiopncnishsh ot gybbited ora tildes 
loothogsaryS old OS wergmltal ogo to avinll 
otis of aaviowirault boanbla quvdas Yo eositio 
nojemoredes til aot boysrg bee prox do tort 7 
avotgils vit puintodos wawox lolvaqmi od) iltin 
aeomtoddal sets hosiery ott alate etvoiasxnqo 

AOR Me!) Ieecnite exw wwitrera ine olod yond 

minnie ait iw hovirw ailedd Exunate Yup vw tenegey 

AW atl) wt ey betinpow buss Prethabrn ati le 7 
baw uals meet hemovashoy etesittes odT 
Aen mo wrees oct sob tier ot snail boyeg 7 
ohare wd esorisuys riod qa dood mold ediblos oll 
ood bun bord tive aod deter iooult sud 
~wilind otkdeg seis telt yeiutls wi 
ont ai uth ovine blob sty egtiteoneyyeq ant 
M04 orld a seer vould to donmedy-aite YoLharydorudy 
“ob old gutvtiqu wit ni avols'o @ te redertque to 
(4 bekanomwe oobhue, sovequeenw meot beter 
Asntidnlnioudt iobuntg yout odes bun evibloa 


=—— Picee oetawe & 


124 ASSISTANCE OF 


and dragged them to the town-hall, where many 
were wounded, and five individuals killed. ‘PI. 
cause assigned for this outrage was the refusal of the 
citizens to admit the imperial troops. A vivid de- 
scription of the conduct of these soldiers, is contained 
in an old manuscript, which thus expresses itself. 
concerning those days of tribulation :— 

“The first thing heard from the soldiers in the 
parsonages, was: ‘ Catholic, Catholic, or away with 
them! !’ Modesty or decency was rarely to he 
found amongst them, and the women had to conceu! 
themselves for security. On the 8th of November, 
in the morning, pastor Williet and the deacon Rippe. 
met together for the purpose of reporting their 
behaviour to the burgomaster, and to request lis 
protection; but it was in vain, for violence took 
the place of justice. When they returned, the sol- 
diers attacked and accused them, (as if they had no 
right to leave the house) of having removed some 
of their property, and thus robbed their quarters; 
for this they had to pay two dollars to each soldier, 
without allowing any remonstrance whatever, and 
with the warning, that if they again left their 
quarters they would be worse treated. Demand- 
ing the two dollars from the deacon, they placed 
their swords against his breast, exclaiming :— 
‘Parson, produce the money, or our swords 
shall pierce your body.’ Church time came, but 
then these sons of Belial cried in the houses of the 
ministers: ‘ Away, away! We want to eat and 
drink, parson; we must have our breakfast !’ 
Hundreds of people stood in the churchyard ; one 
wanting to confess, another crying _ bitterly, 
another again wishing once more to see his spiri- 


a a a nal ll 


i 
3 
‘ 
7 
H 
1 
i 

4 
a 
| 


ai — 


~ aba (ld then) .oredlt boriooe bon lyedentis wrath 


10 aomaraienn, 8 Ge Rt 2 
vanit ova dind-nwod sey or com Leggeth bux 
AT atta Aaahbivibai avil fra keer ere = (ae - . 
lr to Baton ott ew ogertao ely sd) homgiees eeaad <> ih = : 
“oh biviv & qoon Inbroqent ait similar of amosifig) 6 - 
heminaires at eroildor sods to tonbaod cult te moitqinge 
dha eeviize eudd doilw sqirassent bho nani ve 

ase! Hoieldint Yeezeh erodd pain | 
Bul nvilloe olt mot ined golds sea odT 
ie qed v0 ilodteD .oilodtsO* ren, 
wot your enw -yonesbh to viesholt — ‘)! mods 
hioenen of bad aonterr aly bow ettvecld den tena bauct : 
AalurroV’ Yo it# oft nO. vvttines 26) eovisnnoill 
yi] sours eid bie toilli // tosenq pertertom edt. ai 
thal) gaitiogsr to saegrnq alt act aadiegod tor : 
vid seoripet oF bus woleucogiid silt af mmotvadsd ~~ 
dont aovgloie 0) ,wine at enw th tye snoleston =~ 
joe odd barre -goilt wedi V7  csoisen) Yo onalg arts 


sites Levourst paiverl to (seaod odd oenel op adgit 7 
iistisup tod) bebior aailt. ban criogetg siedt to. 

soibloe dowa.ot exalloh outyaq.ot bal yadda who. 

be veto oMerome vis yabwellis tuoidiw. 

walt diol wiogs yodt li init ygoienew allt ative 

maitre beta sew sd bivow godt moeup. 4 . 
howl yond neoadh scl! arovt etalfol een ott gui . : ; 
— yuinishxo jean etl tecioge ebnowa  tiotld | 

tliowea w0 ae yyonostt vill suhorwy . toes T+. 

tid ones varit dol . '.ybod ane, sonsig Male, i 
oi to avenorl ot ab bolts [nilofl Yo anoe vealed agit 
bis deo ot dma 4 yews yyewh “At pieieiaiin a) © 

) wildendd ‘the oved tent of 4 toztsq Aainb Tale 

o0v. ; iegioanils ot ai boote alqoog Yo Athan 9». | 
hewid geiyig cnmldons eaviuos. of gnitnaw- » 
“Hie eitl-one 0% ovomt tawo guise cingeedtoms, seals 


LICHTENSTEIN S DRAGOONS. 125 


tastl euide—but all in vain! The soldiers then 
fied a few shots in order to disperse them. 
Nevertheless, the pastor took courage, ordered the 
church door to be opened, and entered with several 
hundred persons—some soldiers following them. 
The minister began to sing from the altar, the last 
two verses of the hymn, ‘In thee have 1 trusted, 
() Lord,” “ Into thine hands I commend my spirit, 
xe.” When he had turned round, he said im 
front of the pulpit: ‘After a good hymn there fol- 
lows usually a good sermon; but this is denied 
me. Nevertheless, continued he, mark the sentence 
of Gal i.&. [fany other gospel be preached to you, 
ditcrent from that which we have preached, let him 
he accursed, though it be by an angel from heaven, 
or by a Jesuit.” He then went into the school, ac- 
quainted the rector Philip Walter with his grievances 
and his departure; and commended the youths to 
him, beseeching him, constantly to set before them 
the truth of the Evangelical religion. He likewise 
lad his two waggons loaded, under the shouts of the 
soldiers, and delivered up the keys of the library and 
sacristy to the fathers of the church, with a short 
volediction, and ordered the waggons to move on 
with Tis wite. In passing through the gate she was 
stopped, but was finally allowed to proceed. Pastor 
Wiiliet and the deacon Rippe, walked out of the town, 
net without sadness, accompanied by hundreds of 
people. But as the soldiers had indicated to the 
justor that their orders were to attack and rob such 
of the people as would run with the ministers to 
accompany them, he requested the poor distressed 
fleck to return, who had followed him to the 
Hehnuberg.” On the 6th of December, they began 


_eborentt L ovedooilt al * samme silt We enerre wn) 


’ 


- aerrwott mo) degen ne ‘od grey Lemire ol 


mocrcesrsstrg ssh sisive roth HE qt root bestuirany 
sot ahiiee odd babasorawe bun phraruajol sil hoe 


stro) 949 to Ino bodlew joqy ih aeonoly oily bans tithe 
Yo eborbaid yd beinngdrosse jembue tiodtie tou 
tt oft hatesibat bil esthboe gilt an il olen 


acl enOoD. RG a aiaTEMS 
crsilt etibloe oT Tice db Ie dui 
twill omengeily of asheo ab etna ¢ a 
wit beobro egeines Jour qoteay oil) atolls 

henrme din betsias bas Smee ad ot Fuob baud — 
Aen yuinelicl -ersthlne sae—enoeig beabrod 
feel onl tndle ot croit gale or aemgod tein sl 


disiga yor bawermos T alc) anidt otal “ “haat 0 
ai bine wl .brvet howrut babsdwat ay 
-lot eveslt nryil boos wiwtA* tebe early Wo sated) 
bahwly et ety tod ;-com@ fooy vila rw 
saithhiee ot shaun jot bennlinet gestilteve7 on 
HOT 02 lsilsuerg 9d foqengauileynn ll 85 ddd 
itil al .borlomng overt ow dale gels mod inurl, 


~on lociloe olor nt term modi GL “sine a yet ae 


snsdt wert! toe-08 vitemreney yerideoiithierend mist ae 
wevodil oli ..coigilet [gptlagawedd oil: Wo days silt 
ult to atuode sd robe hobnnl tative ge w dary eit frit 

bare yaad! oils to eyod ocvqar tevita done ser siile 
rode e iv lonnils ott tors odtoor atin 

10 ovOmm of anogyew silt hewsbro <li yueritsily dl: + 
eow-sileoiog ol? ilguonls paieemp wl) stiw euiiinw =~ 
wore Amevot ot boweily ghuniiscw aa) Seugqre 


thee for biw doetts o3 stew eb tind) dealt aotery 
ot ie al tir cor Ben eee oltgorny silt Yo 


126 ASSISTANCE OF 


in Grinberg to collect and burn all Lutheran books 
and Bibles. The parish church remained closed four 
whole weeks, until at length a Jesuit came and read 
mass on the third Advent-Sunday. At first the 
council, the sworn-men, and those belonging to the 
army, were obliged to partake of the communion, 
then the companies, with the women. The result is 
described by Rippe: ‘ Great apostasy ensued, many 
were one day Protestant, and the next Popish. On 
one day they attended the Evangelical doctrine with 
tears, on the other they went in crowds and procured 
the confessional shrifts, upon which was written: 
fecit professionem fider N. N.” 

Many other traits descriptive of Lichtenstein’s 
army have been preserved by Ehrhard in his Pres- 
byterology. ‘The victory of the imperial arms in 
1628 was the signal for carrying out the plots, 
which the Jesuits had long before devised in secret. 
Thus the religious persecution broke out publicly 
in Silesia. After Lichtenstein’s dragoons had de- 
prived the principalities of Glogau and Sagan of 
their Evangelical churches, ministers, and school- 
masters, the lieutenant-general baron Goes under- 
took the same species of conversion in Schweidnitz, 
while the captain-general and impcrial counsellor, 
Henry baron Bibran, (an apostate) attempted the 
like in Jauer. ‘They attacked the Evangelical 
citizens with soldiers, allowed them to be cruelly 
tormented and mal-treated, threatened murder and 
plunder, and compelled them to become Papists, 
and take shrifts. Ina word, the same tragedy was 
performed in Jauer which had been acted in 
Glogau, and the inhabitants were also compelled 
to draw up'a recantation. But the declaration, 


Siihatedtio’ Un ose baa —_ - 
ated tracts bee ate deity aT soldif 
ing Ive serio tives. « atrgasl oe 
wilt sat th 7 oni hdeatsh, tid sl Bo wenett | 
aft ot ontpaclel oeol? hes games ad? Zien? 
solrmmnes alt lo-odemey a Segiido eva opera, . 
_ taker all -cscuow ods itie, wit cnds : 
“veo deen srantenpe toyed” egy ; ut hacfiroesh 
of) éiqoT tron ait beeen eab ano mew 
tnw enrsiwh ieciioguerd, od Dobeste ved) gab ono - 
lerenorne tuna etvroto mt tio w woke seelter eel? 20 arene 
contin; enw shsider dws gellinde Leeriaitaoa sds 
“6 lah meer tind 


bovweony 
ai enrm tebmqurt ots te youd afl oggudoustyd 
oly: eit neo. getiyrans. <i) Jaime ackt aor 2801 
Suton ttt hiontvals wrxcitod sane teil artanes', walt stalshey 


Doi agheuns banatcent? “baton bern heterocueTod 
edenge acres’, 


LICHTENSTEIN S DRAGOONS. 127 


that they had willingly, and without compulsion, 
become Catholics was not enough for Bibran, who 
had even the audacity to require that they should 
individually make oath that they had not been 
compelled to embrace the Romanist doctrines. The 
citizens replied, that they were ready to swear that 
they had not been compelled, if he would previously 
take his oath that he had not compelled them. 
When he returned the recantation, requiring of them 
to alter certain clauses, in order that he might 
present it to his Imperial Majesty according to pro- 
mise, the inhabitants of Jauer kept it back, and 
sent in its stead a written protestation, wherein 


s they expressly declared ‘that recantation to have 


been extorted from them by force and violence of 
the soldiery.’ And since, continued they, it went 
against their conscience, and they would also have 
to answer for the salvation of their posterity, they 
were thereby desirous of publicly recalling it. The 
same protestation they sent afterwards to Vienna. 
On the 29th of January, 1629, the old pastor Adam 
Hentschel and his colleagues were expelled from the 
city, after they had sutfered great loss of property 
through the plunder of the soldicrs. Because the 
rector Wagner would not move until he should 
receive a formal dismission from the magistrate, 
additional soldiers were lodged in his house, who 
destroyed what they could not devour. He, how- 
ever, endured it all, until two gentlemen of the 
council brougit him his dismissal, and then he 
departed. When the first disquietude had some- 
what subsided, and the dragoons marched away, 
the inhabitants of Jauer no longer appeared either 
at the mass, or the Rouinish communion. Bibran, 


eins} 


kL ke ll dll el 


APT W Vay eine Waren ri Pr awe err alan TTT 


ssid Ald. 


vt 


Weacasuieat di 


AWA ub OBR Sl 


ih 2 


Pian ere seer sey 


aah alba Me aa 


SOW Y Van nee LTE eT Olen eter tT 


pave a 


ne AMM Ss 


: 
ver noon KAY CONT > 


sevoiakincgiowe Juoottin tow celgettin | ant 
vile jtiereeT] +i) vigueven. fo new, 
gers qorit tate orinpes wt-gyouibua ode deem ad 
teed too hol yoy cult dio alum ylonldviber 
oAT xonictoob termed etrsemdine of bollequos. 
am snows ot vbew adios tou shoilyot oasitin 
a gleerony bioow mal i cae cemeed tom Bowed yout 
tat Dalbearces ton hawt wh. dedt dine wll woler 
molt yniiinpot .otminmeene lmatattet of nodW 
satin: acts Galt. tale ahaeniaiee alee tallaes 
omy oF quilytonge yeaa Lebeqee! eid.on $7 tasaseg 
hus ,dtond. 4) jqod viel to enetidgdul edt {oat 
nioreden netistestory aotirre 6 lets off ni dese 
vel wt soitetassn tedy” leben elesenqes: yodd 
to sanulore baw ool wt conelt amen lessee sed, 
Stow Styl howcitizcs joomie hak ‘oemibloe, als 
avail onbie bhinw yor) ture aemmlsanon Todt semkeye 
orl ogirriaog vtindy ‘to. outlaw oft set vowena of 
alt atl quitlecan vioildag eee 
td einercrtin: iiae qld Mansi ny 
re eteng bio wht O2O1 viel te reeeds 0 
arc ps Hy wont peer seb Jura fodeataoll 


128 ASSISTANCE OF 


therefore, summoned them to the town-hall, ay: 
renewed his severity. But as this availed nothing, j, 
ordered the burgomaster (who although an idiot, \:.- 
an apostate, and therefore judged to be qualified f. ; 
the office,) to renew the quartering of the soldicr- 
upon those stitf-necked and rebellious people. Com- 
ing down from the town-hall about noon, that wick«ii 
man was heard to say, with cursing and sweariny. 
that he would not allow his head to rest in quietness 
until he had brought the Evangelicals to the mass. 
But when about to enter his house, in stepping over 
the threshold, he fell backwards into a cellar and 
broke his neck. The states of Schweidnitz ani 
Jauer sent a report of the brutal licentiousness of the 
Lichtenstein regiment to Vienna, and the inhabitants 
of Lowenberg sent an extra delegate to preseut 
their complaints there also; but the only answer 
they received was, that such things were mere warlike 
excesses, for which the licentious soldiers ought not 
to be called to account. 

The following statement of the conduct of these 
‘conversion soldiers’ is related by Worbs in lus 
history of Sagan :—‘t Among various other methods 
of bringing the people to the conviction of the 
truth of the Popish religion, they prevented the 
people from sleeping during many days and nights, 


so that the unfortunate men fell into a kind oi 


stupor, in which they were easily induced to take 
the confessional shrifts. Some were dragged by the 
hair to mass and the communion, or were scoured 
until the flesh dropped trom their bodies. Others were 
led under the gallows and threatened to be hanged ; 
‘or swords and pistols were pointed at their breast, 
and they were assured that nothing but apostacy 


ONS SMM EO TIED ESerE ee hy sy er 


ie ak La oti as 


ey enon se a Tern 


: 
3 
{ 
‘ 


LSS 


a 


i Aetna walt et ovdy boone: ssrétordt 
| onidtom belies silt es: auth -7tive%o8 shil bowoner 
» wiht ae dgnoble wlw) mmeanogind aia betel 
oi hatiiidtie od ot beehat ovdbeuly Bam ieteoqa m0 
(ible ott ‘to adteranp ot weer or (.aoMo ads 
ie alyouy enolllodet bee bedoat-fits sod) soqur 
eatin dads oon tuoda Ueil-enordld mot awob gai 
eae Die wartius div ta oF ised eew oxo 
ometain)s it se9t OF bead eit ywolle yew hhaww ged aes 
rn wil) of aletityguavd oli ulgwotd bed od laa 
nevis nillgasts ii waved etd yt09 of toile moulw idl 
lite Yallso @ ON abtardosd Is) of shtadeowis ads 
not witbiowilse “Yo eatnte oT doo od salon 
wil) to exonenoririeail Istind ody ‘to toque #4nga roual 
ermlidadtai on) bau .eciery ot iomtiwor uletanstdoil 
mes] OF Siegelobh witzo os toe wedeswel Yo 
wens ylao odt til joetn sryilt eitialqunos tied 
silicon gest 919 equi! done tad? seve heviensr yout 
tat tikgie miblos exoisgmoil. tit said a0b zoaccoxe 
dsuoos wi beflen od ot 
‘wsilt Yo toubaoo ot Yo smanss8it gui waliot od'T 

“al ai edroW vg hotcl: ef ‘ewiblos goitovaon* 
ehorljom rote avatar goons, “—: nyge® lo yrotaiil 
it Yo noigivetos vdt oj elqooq at yerguind to 


TO Mon ArereRA on. BSS 


wl botsoverq yous .noigifer daiqgo4 odt to die 


silvia bie ayeb yap gubwh ouiqeale anoit olgong 
lo tut # otet Ut oom otaautotan oft dedd oe 
“let ot booubat yliass otow youl) doide ni aoguta 
wh yd boygoth sew sas0e — aitinile louizesiaon ont” 
lowes: Yow Jo oltre ott bas eener-od tied 
vir en) eothod absaasrroti bagqorh deoft alr fiten 
Hhoynad od oF bousingeilt has evolleg silt robay 
terri diodlt 16 botutog wow alotei altiows 10 
qmiteoge tid Sane toils amass — yt bow, 


4 


é 
~e —— ee 


% 


\ aks 


1 
t 


— 
ina 


oti 


tS my 


—— aes, 


LICHTENSTEIN’S DRAGOONS. 129 


could save them. Infants six weeks old were putin 
a corner, and their persecutors, case-hardened against 
the calls of nature, stood over the beds of the 
mothers, prohibiting them from quieting the poor 
little ones for several days, no matter how they 
cricd and moaned and fainted. Some lying ill of 
painful diseases were tormented until they con- 
sented to deny their faith. Even those who had 
been compelled to apostatize, were mocked in a most 
crucl manner. At Polish Neustadt, an officer in 
his boots and spurs, with his sword at his side, 
stepped forward to the altar, and handed the cup 
tu those unhappy people who deplored the loss of 
it in the communion.* As there was not wine 
enough, he advised those communicants, who had 
received none, to go home and take a draught of 
beer or milk instead. Many manuscript chronicles 
afford abundant evidence of the torments employed 
against those who, as their enemies expressed it, 
‘would not accommodate themselves.”’ In Silesia 
even now the sentences may be read which were 
passed by the anti-reformers. 

The violence committed at that time may, 
perhaps, be excused by some from the fact, that 


the Protestants had on one oceasion also used 


violence in the castle of Prague. It is said, more- 
over, that this severity was not resorted to merely on 


* The history of Silesia likewise shews how the words sub 
ufraque were abused. Two oflicers took a naked infant, holding 
it up by its legs, and having cut it in two with a sword, they 
gave it back to the parents, with the words: ‘here you have it 
sub utraque.” Children were especially ill used, when their 
parents had steadfastly endured the threatening and cruelty of 
their enemics ; for then they were taken and tormented, until 
their parents abjured the evangelical faith. 


VOL. I. K 


pe Sept ave Wrd UU eT ee Al Bab 


Sipps. Wan pT v0 


ft © 
cei RROODLAT ets 
aibtinng yew Who elaow xia initia 
ttivan boanlvemb-oans 1 My NOK Hite omens 
silt bo hid adr sore boom crete to alles iy 
Tory sult gnitetep mont auuls-guitidider, eadioin 
you: wei tonne om ey Serves seb e900 ulyrll 
to Il) gaiyl soro% » rset bteboasont bae bir 
iyo yo law beteremet etew -esenatih laftitiag 
<= bad odw seodlt nov sdtidt aint yao ot bore 
Joate nt heavon ee astietene of belloqmos wad 
bi welle wo theroo% dale 34 sancaent bovis 
be sil is trowe aid shety wtuqe bran stood ed 
quo mit bebasd baw yuetie edt or brewiel boqqyte 
to axol oily bovolqob aie algoap yqqailow seus oF 
stiw too ecw oiedd wh *atoimuereros od? ait si 
bel aby »fussiavarmnoo sods berry of ety init 
lo dzemb « sded boo sined eg od sava bavivon 
wloiverds sgitenown yooh dmtent alia wo vel 
heyolynre etrmr:os 911 Yoegishitedusbauda Inclis 
ot Iemevnyae eaineds isi) ae ow earl dann 
HivolE pl "ssvlsenods coufiniimosee ton bluow ” 
ote doidw ivan sd Grow esostohane orl) wor ars 
: Anrrdberiine ot yd lyrang 
an sort sed) is bette osanloie alT 
sntla owt o't mort oor yd duane odd eqadvoy 
bose, ole woixn90 ono no hed stmgteotorti ls 
“mom bine 231 suwperd t0 elteas aut ai oonaluir 
(= to (lowe of borroz01 tom emer viitoroe eiilt yndt 970 
OS Gu obo MN wad enaite antwuilit ateshie Yo Held sat + 
“ mniblod sritwl Botan 4 tool wnollio awh ubeeudi soe eine 


fo qudaerey has gaierss rel) oils bevsgetigy pled 
Wied bonioanai bee avilay’ yaw yoils agi’ yo). 
S : 


130 ASSISTANCE OF 


account of their religious creed, but as a punishment 
for their political treachery against Ferdinand. But 
the Romanists made use of soldiers in many cases, 
where neither of those alleged crimes could be 
charged, tormenting the most peaceable inhabitants 
by armed barbarous converters. 

For the sake of comparison we shall add a short 
account of the manner in which the French Pro- 
testants were treated by order of Louis XIV., after 
the edict given at Nantes by Henry IV. had been 
revoked :— 

“Tn August, 1685, the French dragoons arrived 
in Niort. In that town there were no more than 
fourteen or fifteen Reformed families, with whom 
five companies of these dragoons were lodged, who 
committed the most abominable acts. Four of 
them were sent into the house of a bookseller’s 
widow, where they threw all the books in a heap, 
broke and destroyed every thing they found on 
the premises, and converted the shop into a stable. 
When the bishop of Rheims arrived in Sedan, he 
proclaimed to the Reformed of that place, in the 
name of the king, that they were to renounce their 
religion, and acknowledge the Roman church. To 
this they answered, “that they were ready by the 
grace of God to die for their religion.” His 
reply was, “that they would take care shortly to 
send them some converters ;” and truly soon after 
the dragoons arrived, who plundered and burnt the 
town. The Reformed immediately left the place; 
more than 300 flying to Maestricht, many of whom 
lost their wives and children on the way. The fury 
of the dragoons sent out in France daily increased ; 
they mutilated many who would not embrace their 


tT ain L suk dolly ak vem ula bo, tall 
wile. 71K sivok to why pellet row etoaiend A 
and hed VI xosll od pee te aovig. toile ads 


bevitte navogeth dowys'l wild opt iA al 
deli stom om stow capli awonateal mel al... 
mon uti 2silluut lorcet wali 1 apna, 

oilw ,bogbol eww eseoyeth aad! I dalnmgeros awit 
o 0D toe aldquinrods tomy wilt boxiarmos 
a vullpeton! & Yo, s00d, 5d). oli iiteh wre caged . 


vo luna seal yoils gms. age iy bas 
Sldeda.e gta dorks sit holasviewy cen ; 


ail stub: at haveria,, fakes Why 
oli ot Oned mili W bs il 
‘iol! seumouur o2. ww youls dil 
oT onlanatent. ai valent 
ols ad ybeot gow 2 a 
eH ,“.aoigilos vols wi Py 
o: ylvods ommodet bluow yoult 
rafte nooe ylund hans"; evrovned, 4 


odt sarand bam howptiawly at 
¢aouhp walt, Mhok ghedailycicutt , b 
moody Yo yeaa eval od gut 


rut adt tet 
vinilt comida Font Dip? oe 


Sar ys 


es | AOU AO OHTA ATOR ARTIS) 


Ae AA AE EAA AON SPE Tee OREN ERLE OES IETS 


THE DRAGOONS. 131 


religion, cutting off their noses and ears ; and 
those who attempted to escape from their fury, they 
branded upon the cheek, and sent them to the 
galleys, while they confined their wives in con- 
vents. Among the numerous torments which they 
inflicted upon the Reformed in France, it is related, 
as a certain fact, that an individual, after intoler- 
able sufferings and mockings, was placed before a 
large fire to turn a spit. In the mean time they 
pierced his sides with their swords, under revilings 
and scoffings, until the sufferer, no longer able to 
endure the pain, threw himself upon the fire ; but the 
soldiers immediately took him out, and said, “‘ Thou 
shalt not die so soon, dog!” If the Reformed as- 
sembled to attend the preaching in desolate and re- 
tired places, or about the ruins of churches: which 
had been pulled down, the dragoons fell upon the 
unfortunate people, killing the preacher and_ his 
assistants, and practising every species of cruelty 
upon men, women, and children. ‘These sons of 
Belial hanged the aged, plundered towns and 
villages, and set fire to the ministers’ houses. Most 
of those unhappy men sought to escape their 
misery by flight; but they were everywhere taken, 
some by the guards, others by the dragoons, and 
chained by their neck, arms, and feet, and so 
dragged like condemned criminals to the galleys. 
Moreover, the bodies of those who fell down dead in 
consequence of beating, were thrown to be devoured 
by dogs orravens. A body of eighty of these dragoons 
took up their quarters with one single man of the 
Reformed, and while some treated him abominably, 
the others plundered the house of al! they could find. 
The same unmerciful band bound aged and impotent 
Koz 


» waters ah wove otuads | egeelewee 


vol? doldw etescret atin 6 + or 
hetelet at scl ai tearehdt od) woqa 
asian toile leah oo auld fon pinnae 2 as 
= n anidlad lesa meow had egersittue olde 
vont omit nuser oil. * oro? ot 1) ol 

egsilivet wher treme ony wable vid boomiq 


aide wotlosy ‘to mene salt anode eo male henit 
8 ogre Hkh ancogerly galt ewals teslloy ‘nesd bad . 
ei han wuloamng ody galflicl ntgooq stamsshrotew 
‘lew lw esinaga eve quiver, hie eternal 
To anos seal nor hiide ew drsorow ie aogu 
‘haa sree techy Aigo ods bagnas! Ialfoll 
aR aero! “evoretitiur wile in set tee Sanat 


132 ASSISTANCE OF 


people, and stretched them upon burning coals 
some they laid on the ground, bound hand and fis 
and after they had poured urine into their throat 
they stamped upon them with their feet to force ov: 
that which they had poured in. Others were ct: 
bound for many days to languish of hunger an 
thirst. 

“* To add to the sufferings of the poor Reformed, 
they tormented their little innocent children mo-1 
cruelly, in. order that their cries might shake the 
constancy of the parents, and induce them to 
apostatize. Some were tied to poles, and had burning 
bricks laid upon their heads, so that their brains ani 
eyes became dried up ; and when after all these dialio- 
lical, yet esteemed worthy agents of the holy Roman 
catholic and apostolic church were still unable to 
succeed, their madness rose to such a pitch, that 
the innocent Reformed were hung up in the chimney. 
and burnt with the fire kept alive beneath by thie 
consumption of religious books. By such crueltics 
whole provinces were desolated, as most of the 
inhabitants sought to escape from this tyranny by 
flight. Hell seemed also to open her abominations. 
for sad countenances were not tolerated, and even 
they who sighed were punished. They also whe 
went to the generals and officers, and threw them- 
selves at their feet imploring mercy, were declared 
rebels. Of some they cut otf their noses and cars, 
and otherwise mutilated their hodies ; to others they 
hanged heavy stones, and threw them into the sca. 
Many were shot like wild beasts, and their wive- 
hanged. The soldiers rioted without restraint, pub- 
licly violating mayried and unmarried women, | 
many cascs even unto death. Some pregnant wome!! 


STOTT mena vee ara CmernmrnTE eure Cvec nv 


Saperveres te Whe rd 


: 
i 


qo Guvererben Pea 


Ana's enherinl ney nial) tadejotte a re a 


wail luen Puree ieeted tanverg itt ao biel goitomos. 
Awl) ta ebph sak Wereary bad yoilt tafte bee 
por nese opladiakel) dtiw arul) coqu bacusaste yorls 


jal cow wWO wolf sruoq Led gost doles tact. 


lui vommat Yo deiner! or epeh game wh bagod 
ae bev 
frome wey oil) Wo ecustrstae odd of he oT 
come perbtile reseoeni ols thal botwwernat yor 
NH edaile atdyien site aiodlt todd salvo cat lien 
6 col) soubat ban etagtaqg. silt. ty yoann 
anne bed iim ele ot bol oro ocneg aeiataone 
we andar -tindt tal oe “hood aie) aogn hint edoiid 
udnily om fle wails asthe bow 3 qe bairh-semannd saya 
vooell elo ort to rome glriow homastes toy, faoil 
welded [lite ower dennly ailovoqs haa giledies 
volt slot a dowe of seer eronbom vied havoows 
/rowetisio ods nt qa-gaurd ern bemeotesl smenoned odds 
ali ad daeoned sttta iqod sti, ads ditty donnd bas 
eile dove y etood etoigilrt to moltgeguecco 
wit Yo Jaomt to deantozsh orn Doutveng sli 
ed yroery! aided eyo 0) niques apustidadat 
 mnniinaiitods vad asqe.ot whe home Lith — sdgif 
wove ine ,boteredet dom vie eonmdtemen bos 0) 
uly cals yo'l chydateny oon hoilpiae exw orld 
alt ends bas’ 2rentiin bas elevoang silt od Jaov 
Pwtuleb oom crore onttolyati tao} siadt ge, povioa 
ey han eon tint He te roils om10a WO eine 
att erento of pesthod rind hotcliguen ovtpeeidio hae 
we nds ott mod! woubh tate note aed bogaad 
“rin «iol fw atenod belive ot) sole ow vont 


_oluy nierteon edit: betod wiolhiocall:  depaad — 
H) semow boirracur dae tower guitntoly loll, 


nin tgre ones Mtb one nuyg aan YaROT 


19 


j ~~ 


a ed ie 2 


tremens, 


THE DRAGOONS. 133 


were dragged stark naked through the streets to the 
Popish chureh, and with their little ones, killed 
in the porch. % 

‘Two women were summoned before a captain of 
the dragoons, and accused of having spoken against 
the kine’s commands. After twenty-five soldiers 
had ill-used them in a most abominable manner, 
they were stript entirely naked, and placed before a 
large fire, where they were dragged backwards and 
forwards, until their life ended. Another had her 
legs bound with ropes, and was drawn up and down 
a draw-well, in which a fire had been hehted, until 
she was suffocated by the steam and smoke. Some 
were scourged to death ; others were hanged up by 
the lees with their children, or tied by their arms 
quite naked to trees. Many pined away in the heat 
of fire, and some liad their breasts torn off with 
pincers. One man, aged 85 years, was torn between 
horses, and thrown to the ravens as carrion; and those 
who were beheaded and hanged were numberless. 

* Sometimes the conversion-dragoons attained 
their purpose in consequence of these torments; as 
in Lyons, where, after many of the inhabitants had 
flad to Switzerland, the rest, on the arrival of the 
dragoons on the 23rd of October, 1685, posted up 
the following declaration at the corners of the 
streets — 

“*We, the undersigned, hereby testify and 
declare, that, in obedience to his Majesty's edict, 
as well as to the exhortation given us by the lord 
archbishop, and inconsequence of a general conven- 
tion, we receive and embrace the catholic-apostolic, 
Roman religion, because it agrees with the word of 


£e1 PHONO AMT 
au) at stsere oly dyeronly boon adnate tients inane 
Weoilid ane slnil vieds dhiw liane yifastits lei’ 
— atlotog call ai 
fo migiqes « outed betommns oven momiw owT “ 
deiimgn codons gaiesd 16 hoxton ta zmdoynal ls 
emibioe orneviqye? wwhA  ebaemawe ayuid ws 
“ota sldouiniwda teooe a att sapild Weal bal 


2H ttn! lvoulg: hive shader vlonitiey gyitte sven pin) 
| bak elawrdoud boweeth oor volt etthw gi send 


wl bedaienk what ise Ti <lawrwi 
vob bed gee irietly ee Lin, soqoreliiw twit seal 
Hise sbyrtyil teed Iyed ott «old ab ytow-warrls » 
ones vedonre lin mote silt yd botwniiive way ole 
ed qu begaid ets erodbo =z heoheet laniiee ern 
ear sted: yd bi to seothlide “dot Wit eed ors. 
inal ails eh yonn Lavig youl > eo bode vihiaiys 
hiv Bo sot exegsad weds ted ape nw vil to 
iowind wed snr etaoy C8 wpe onl ~tanig 
mod? bas porn en eovyir ot ornwolY bua wil 
soloniaun wisi beyiel how bebiailed son ol 

bowiste stoourh-nowovios alt soni © 
eD ;aluonte vex]; to osaaspoRpg HT weoyprng Wull 
Lui exuuridiedni ot Yo yoonr tthe yomadw waved a 
sil) Jo. heviaeceds xo evr orld dinwlontiwH ot dealt 
qU bateoy S801 odowO Ww fa8S alt 90 swmnnal 
ait to eneioo ad) aa coinenilouly guiwelled oil 
: — ebriti« 

bas vtieor ydemd jlengiewhee il) jo + 
Hotbo aytesiul: aid oF soribyloond imlt tule 
Irol od vet) qouiy wolunodzoeiiw ed low an 
“evn? Linetwygt lo sousnpoeromel bing ,qorleiditor 
Milotenge-oiluihag: mle sont Lane avinws oe mit 
Vo biow sis abriveegorgs £1 seusoad yavigiin: aamoll 


134 THE DRAGOONS. 


God ; to it we subject and unite ourselves, and jn, 
we desire to live and die. i 

This may serve as an illustration of that whiw; 
passed in Bohemia. Oh, how true are the wor 
of Spittler,* when he says, “ Where no Spanisi: 
inquisition had been introduced, these bishops an« 
authorities acted as if ambitious to prove hu» 
superfluous a Spanish inquisition would have he: 
in their districts. The Roman church has in na 
country maintained her domination without in- 
credible cruelties, and the shedding of streams « 
human blood. There was no respect to old age, or 
learning, or merit acquired in state or church, aut 
the vilest means adopted to obtain converts were 
considered as sanctified by the merit of good inten- 
tion.” The end sanctifying the means was in thi 
sixteenth century, the stimulating principle of th 
apostate church of Rome in her sanguinary procecd- 
ings, and so it continues, for, although two centuric- 
and a half have elapsed, the blood of martyrdom 
repeatedly shed is still crying towards heaven ; and 
even the most positive proofs of the political benefits 
necessarily accruing trom Christian tolerance have 
not yet in any respect improved the spirit of the 
Roman church, neither have the princes subject to her 
malignant sway taken warning, notwithstanding the 
dangers to which they have been often exposed by 
her desolating tyranny. 


“2 Oh] 


* Spittler’s Sketch of the Hist. of the Christ. Church, p. 375. 


ee apne he TenTTOnar tay Cle Tue Unan ITED Dente Tepoetrunyacn’ yt 


4 
3 


SKOOOANG ANT _ del 


Ci dw 2ovkeetno oti fuse tonya wow Sod 3 the 


" ‘avi Lire ovil of oaleab ow 


dod tht to aonenaallt ne en ove yom oil 
, ere alt aa fui weal wo -tineulotl ol 


vcinuaglitione anal! oyna oul udp *r9liig@ Yo 


tow eyivlad seul) bosubonar mod brit aoitieiupa 
nub eer. o1 eooitidms Vi en boten esiizodivn 
aatStad Iho muilleiupai deinaye a auoultrag ue 
we ob ect donuio anewAl edT  etointeid tied? ni 
 wothiv aelreainoh 9 benkatoigar spiauoo 
i) euernte Jo yotbbeds ait bax ,9ittensp sidibotm 
v4) vee blo et teoqeot ow eaw otal choold asorwil 
lat dlndo to siete ai betiepos sear ne ggaurusal 
wre erevoce aiwide ot beigobs: amos teuliv oil 
wii hoo to arpar 9dt yd Lotions ee ientoo 
wld ti sev antag tld yatytitonse bes “aia 
Wit YW olqiosting guitelonsise ody ypeinteam siumotzia 
-hausong yuaiangune at ai sinusl to rexely platsoge 
itunes ows alaworitie 10, a oa led» agai 
wiobryriein te hoolel ult besqels oval 
lus pagveord ehaewod gui ys ts 4i hone 


aitonad Leotsilog galt to door wvitisay pei 49 


wel goamelut delerull met) patie, 

wht to dinige odd havenysi sasqer yom yale sou 

tail of ton (clive eseusiag ara oy ail tadsion daruute namofl 

wilt gaibuntadiiwion yoinrey nodet eawe sanergilocte 

a ene asfto used averl gordi doidw od atyyasb 
 — stiseesnng qgatitulowsb sod 


ANE og coer: silt Yo awili oil! So dotaakll wtyaleaigs © 


a) 


, 


CHAPTER V. 


VROCEEDINGS OF THE FORMAL ANTI-REFORMATION 
COMMISSION IN GENERAL—DISMISSAL OF THE 
PROTESTANT OFFICERS — SUFFERINGS OF THE 


NOBILITY. 


We have now arrived at the procedure itself by 
which the people were driven to apostatize;* and 
we intend first to give the general state of the 
matter according to the progress of the anti-reforma- 
tion, and especially of its increasing strength, and 
then we intend to relate the particular mode of 
treatment adopted towards the nobility and those in 
othce, with the inhabitants of the cities, and the 
country people. 

The course of proceeding was, in general, as 
follows. Imperial commissioners, men of high rank, 
procecded from town to town, declaring the Em- 
peror’s will, and conducting the whole conversion- 


* What was acted at that time the reader may compare with 
that which is done even in the present day in similar cases. 
ivery one knows that only a few years ago numbers of the inhabi- 
tants of Zillerthal in the Tyrol were driven away. Those who 
would not become Papists were threatened to be anathematized. 
ving persons were to recant before the clergyman, or have 
hell for their portion. The dead were buried like beasts ; 
the tipstaff only with his dog being allowed to be present. The 
children were compelled to go to Popish schools, where they 
were taught that they would neither go to the churchyard nor to 
heaven. No one dared either to employ a Protestant workman, or 
purchase anything of him. Letters were seized and broken 
open; meetings were prohibited; and marriages forbidden. 
Whoever read Evangelical books was thrown into prison. 


Vv S8TTARS 


WOWAMNOIza-iT4t JAMA anT 4% a@oKwas voi 
anY WO iseiveie—iiseran Mm eotzenenoo 


Ses sonuatiue — eaapivio raareston4 


¥TLINON 


4d VUsut eimbsvorg silt 10 bovine won evel 2'V 
tuts “soxtiadeoqa 01 asvith srew alqooy silt doit y 
vit 10 otéte Imoney od? avig RAR lawn? ow 
“Hariota ties oil) Yo eeergutey ocd WP ynileecel IHN 
baa glrgieie-gnieastsai et Yo vlleigage: Ina yrroit 
1. shom talnoittng of) stealer oF brewal vw quite 
wi oeod) daw ysiliden oily ebrowor tesiqobe waonien) 
wha hte yeoitin: odd To atnaditadiat ot xitw wuoitu 
aliqoory “zat 
26 <litsemg oO yeeW goibesomt Yo seu00 will 
Jae dyid Io tom eronoicinnes bitzoqiait cewolla 
“med lt yrinnloob savor oF awot MOA baluoning 
“mies podw oat -gnivohane bane iw + tor, 
Asiw oraqinen yen tohoss 9d) sari) todd ae Lixo enw ind’ * 
wieag “clitain ai yal tuseong ot al 90H gaolr at iIoidw tnt) 
Write’ vi Yo atodmnn on rue? wo) @ ylat sndd ewer 4a0 cot 


-besidenodiana ad ig bacoras ds orem atiga'D aintrroyl have boliiew 


oved 40 nam ails vroiod sonont 4 . qari 
(alaeod oA Lenad gow bool ofl oy tial sgh. Mail 
oT suena nd ot bowolla ainind gol edt uldiw pte Thiseris ott 
yula sHootige daiqo'l od op vf aro wollinte 


ot 400 nude odd os oy rofdien hiloww edd soll gon? siee 
Wy winalendon'l & yolqud of wdtiohwiab eva ot  wavesd 
tater! lia bontie saw sooitat mid a guiilngne senile 
solibiwt eopermer ban righ: esate yt aogr 
| bueivy ott mwoul) tow edoud Leullogaeyil Laws weevil 


136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 


system. And as it was convenient that they shoul: 
intend the conversions to be established upon con. 
viction, they found it expedient to bring with then: 
men in the capacity of teachers, who either r- 
mained for a certain period or were permanent! 
settled in various places for the purpose of por- 
suading the people. As the Jesuits were most usv- 
ful in this respect, they were generally employed 
But their numbers not being sufficient, Dominicans 
and members of other orders were engaged in « 
similar manner, especially in those places where it 
was supposed they might succeed with less diiii- 
culty in the affair of conversion. This clerical force 
was accompanied by soldiers, who, with all kinds 
of torments, were, as has already been described. 
to make the people pliable and yielding. Tle 
business of the commissioners was conducted in 
the name of the Church, and consisted in expelling 
the clergy of the utraquists, Lutherans and Calvin- 
ists, while the proselyte-makers preached against tlic 
so-called heresy, and commended the Popish faith 
and principles. Their first endeavours were to gain 
the more wealthy people of each place, in the 
hope that the others would soon follow their example. 
When they could not immediately succced, they 
used threatenings, and then violence through thic 
instrumentality of the soldiers, who had no fear 
of punishment. It is said that coercion was, in fact, 
not intended by the Emperor, and that there was an 


unwillinguess on his part to carry on the work of 


conv rsion in the manner pursued in Spain and 
France, or in the Netherlands by the Duke of Alba, 
or afterwards when the edict of Nantes was abolished. 
Therefore, they pretended rather to adopt milder 


3 
} 
+ 
: 


: 
=) 


aur 10 sowiaazIONe ak 


lye coil talk gealassaos env it an bee. 
woos anceps Lvnibellebertes. ort ot eooiersvied oath 
vent ew gated oo malbeqne Ji band youl 
a wiltie orler erntonsr “To ytigneas al) af mots 
vein sty yo bereq nisrion # wi hoeniser 
cop Je eamyry ode vot oonlq atainer ai, boltton 
heh duet gree ative! ody tA aiqooq od? ‘gnibase 
<ettatqin yilmeusg eton yout onqes enh of it 
suminiao! sasiofitue gid jon eden tied? $08 
ew byoegee ory erabio ‘oiljo te. erodgrom bas 
4d erulw eooalq seoilt ni elloiosqes commen salintia 
silty east cltiw bessoue nigio yods beapggie sow 
ow) lesisals aid? ooiauey nos to. abiite ad? ai qiluo : 
wild ta sftie jolw vwiblos yd bsiawpaeosa aaw 
Jodiveah sued ybastle en ec ow inearoi Io 
alt gutblery baw elidel olyooq. art gdam of 
ni betoubaen enw eranewairaaios alt to exoaiand 
ynilloqee nt etetees boo lore! ode Wo omue aedt 
-arvie Louw eneredtid eyes atl he sila 
ull eninge badanng esdnm-orzlesosg aia altdw tei 
nel deiqoD gd bolursrearos. bia eeiblencs 
ting of snow emevacbes teri sialT zlyioning bos 
nlt ai aonlq dams lo aiqooy viltlowwe wom oft 
slyormes isd) wolldt neoe blow emyliaolls tad oqod 
qoult bossone glenaibersott ton bina spoilt 
uh dyno soaeloiy sada baa 
wat on bad ow: jeaililee one Yo <gdilenmonunsent 
Joa ot aew noises dail bie til Jasmleinng Yo 
in enw wane dail) Dae enogmd odt hubasiai 1 jon 
Vor dee oven or mag ail aa Niwa 
hers, reiney Bi Lanny ‘nome Olt sh ae redS 
wtlé Too CT oily gil whodieleh odeai te sountT 
lentailouds anv vo Ould axoalye 10 
whiter dqobe. of  bobuntrq mols 


i ae 


ANTI-REFORMATION COMMISSION. 137 


measures, Which in themselves were nevertheless 
quite severe enough; fines also were imposed, for 
uezlecting to follow the processions, &c. During 
atime of scarcity in Iglau in Moravia, the bakers 
were prohibited from selling bread to the Pro- 
testants.* As regards the treatment of the Protestant 
dead, we insert the following from Holyk. 

“In the present day the bodies of those are re- 
fused burial, of whom there is the slightest sus- 
picion of their having been Evangelical. An 
honourable funeral is also denied to those who, 
a week or two before their death, had not contessed 
to a Popish priest, or had taken the communion in 
both species, and such are carried away without 
tolling of the bell and singing. No one dares even 
to follow or remove them out of the house, as had 
been usually done by their friends.” 

In the Bohemian ‘Apology, printed at Prague in 
1619, there are several examples mentioned of this 
kind, one of them is, that the abbot of Braunau refused 
to bury in the churchyard the bodies of honest and 
well deserving people who had lived to an advanced 
age, and their friends were obliged to deposit them 
in their gardens, or near the highways in the felds, 
like vagabonds and thieves. The wife of an honour- 
able man, Matthias Tholden, who died in her 70th 
year, remained three months unburied in her own 
house, because the abbot would not allow her to be 
interred. But when Tholden’s two sons had ob- 
tained permission from the Bohemian exchequer to 
bury her, end that favour had been rePOErGH to 
the abbot, he had them both imprisoned, until 
the younger partook of the communion and thie 


* Tu 1686 the millers and bakers of France were also pro- 
hibited from selling bread to Protestants. 


ee er 


ee neg 


blood pala nt eyewdyid od) rom to aeobtep ind Hi + 


Tél eNTREHENOT KoNTAROIEITEA 

eeoiadherovent vow exviocemdy ast datilw eoruemmt 

vil .beeoqeti save oste nyt creche ster 

gut] 2% svoieessory alt welled of ‘gail : 

enand wit wiveroM at oebal at psivnse to omit s 

sont sl) ot heod yoilies met boviditory owe ; 
. 


danieviont silo dournasnt silt shemget a * etna 
_oes  avlol aett gabrollat opt reent'ow bie 


—=t oe seods to esited sli yah taser ot al“ 


-ene deohiyile oft ei oul myodw We jlakud hoew' 

nd tovilegnevd ossd gavel vedr Wh noirig 

ibe veo ot beiteh ose et Teresa alduruowod 

beeesinos toa bud ,disyly ted ordted ot to duow a. 

ii moreno silt aodet ld to fenitg dhaquél w ot 

wahiw wens bores ons dome Gan sbenye ilo 

avrs emuh ow ot sgnignie baw Mod alt Yo qistle 

bad ex weno! ot to sve mode eager to Holla 0} 
‘alinertt tigi a suet) vile non! 

a orpell iw bowing vyolopA mélntededl oy ol 

#ilt to beocinem aolqiines lowes ww ori .O10! - 
hoztitonummnees tozodda of add ai mess ono bird ' 
bite szgnmil to evihod edt Iie yitosado ads ab ytied oF 
hosaovinwe od Levll bed adm alqomy garvisesb Now 

inetlt sieoqab of leylide sow abhaanl iodt bas yn 


“nonol oe le sive olT coyote hee ebirodyus oil 
HOT 19 ntleib odw wwoblodPenatod saan vhde 
ovo tol ath baitudnw amour soul) borin sory 
od af toil wolle ton blaow todda ott vaunoed vanuil 
-de boil eqos.oxt eaphlodt dove wil © bacon 
Ol teupuloxy. maiatsilol silt mot melzaiarey badiut 
OF beroqe wm! inal werd wile Das ged yu 
Itaw Dosostzgeil plied meds “had ot ysodde silt 
ot) bse noiienimas only Yo doomed igang oil 
~ong ole oavw wane $6 xn lid, buapevalliin oi D4NL at ® 


oo 


138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 


father and husband of the dead matron were ols}, 
to abscond until all was settled. The wife of . yr: 

respectable man of that place died, and was burs. 

in consecrated ground. Soon after her hushan. 
and their son were summoned to appear in 1. 

Bohemian chancery, where the following puni-):. 
ment was pronounced: ‘‘ Inasmuch as they hav, 

been rebellious and disobedient to their superior. 

they are committed to the White tower.” 11.) 

White tower in the castle of Prague contain- 
the closest and severest of all prisons. Notwith- 
standing their request, no answer was made to them. 
as to the crime for which they were committed, ani! 
every apology was ineffectual. There they remainui 
ten weeks, with another who had petitioned the abbot 
in their favour. After much intercession they were 
liberated, but not without first giving a note of hand 
by which they bound themselves to pay 3000 schock © 
They had moreover to pay a large amount to thie 
commander of the castle, besides other sums amount- 
ing to 300 dollars. Two of their neighbours and 
friends were to remain prisoners for lite, because 
their sons had assisted in singing and ringing tl: 
bells during that funeral, though it could not be 
proved; and they were only to be liberated on the 
condition that their sons, who had escaped, should 
be apprehended. They remained six months in 
prison, and were then discharged on the pay- 
ment of a very heavy fine. If any one died, 1t 
required much solicitation before permission could 
be obtained for carrying out the body to burial, 
and that only in the meanest place, or even under 
a gallows. It was considered a very high favour 
if one could’ finally obtain permission to be buried 


in a decent place, as, for example, in a garden, 


ar een ee were owl en. We) ak ere ty 


ant 30 EeaaIONT sl 
vile vrs monte tial wilt To beaded bie wit a 
mv lectie wit belnes saw {fs Tiger eran: : 
ol sw Bie teth sesig adr to amar sifiebveqnor: ; "ee 
lvnbhnd 468 tofle nvay dInuwrg betemeenos nf 
+ i) tot oF lewomenk stow moe todd ‘baw 
eunp aabvetiot ot: sdw yyisemnty meimeiiod 
tial Yowtt se-stoomannl “ * besuotowy enw Intent 


_ eniipie ied) of senibsdosth bap apoilisder nesd 


<1T "\z9wor oth edt on bartieunas aay yout 
eno ogerT to sien 44 mi eewey wid W 
“Nene = .enostny Ha to sestorse inet tepegly sid | 
Mit ot sheapasn ovens on esnpet ind ge 7 
‘ate Lots iuunon-sren pails doindve wt omit odor as 7 
loniaure yodd stod'T  Jeitodfoni anw tgologs ers 
tua alt beaoitiveg bud odw rorlions Hh edie a5t _ 

#00 “tort polesoraind dount whl avovdlededy at 
Lina Vu ston Bnivig ie toodin jou tod -betrtedil 
* daniloe OODE ng af asviveirait) bayod yods doide yd 

wil ot Joven syd 6 yg oF “tevosront bed yodT 
Wihtenis zm tate gabiexd olteso siz Yo whaga 7 

tte ewoddvien tink lo owT etalloh O08 ‘pri 

sitnow! atl th awhesitg aivnen 0) Mem shank 
i getgaiy bie gutyele ui hascican Hatt ames yiodi 
! ton blues tt dpuodt Aceon sedy guitob alisd 

llr te houemdil’ sd-o8 vino ow yody baw ; Bevery 

lilennte boygeoes bul oa enor sisdd dards t r | - 
 altmom xie heniamen yolT ri a ; 

“wing tlt to bowreroely wott or” fete | 

©. dot ae wie > ant yest yoy & 10 dnten 7 


lun soiestiniod voted nodtntinilos dover hetiapot i 
Ait v1 ‘vbod oily WOM palyrte rit oJ ys 

Wihiw wove 10° onal wakvione oil i Yao bee 

wre stoi yo ehosbiaius ww JT owelles o 


vid ad 0) doiseiuring wine ytlaoi tiwosyane Yes © 
dvslytiry a ni yinges Tl ei oul dasoob @ ab ain 


7 
. 


ANTI-REFORMATION COMMISSION. 139 


or near a churchyard. Such permission only those 
could obtain who were respectable, and of the higher 
class, and able to pay down a tolerable sum of 
money. ‘ These and numerous other facts happened 
in my own native country (says Holyk); indeed, I 
have myself seen many citizens, men and women, 
some of whom were my own relatives, buried in waste 
yrounds, between thorn-bushes and hedges, among 
whom les my own beloved mother; and that only 
out of great favour on the part of the dean, who 
before had threatened us with the Bohemian chan- 
cery ; but my father quickly prevented him with 
money and good words, and finally prevailed so tar 
with him that he staved the complaint, and allowed 
my dear mother to rest in peace.” 

In this manner, say the authors ot the Book of 
Persecutions, “ while the Papists poured forth their 
hatred upon dying Christians, they tormented the 
living with the smell of the corpses, in order to 
discourage them in their firmness. Such was the 
ase with the pious John Matthiades Ruslenus, 
minister of St. Barbara in Kuttenberg. After his 
reiurn from exile he died on the 4th of December, 
1625. The archdeacon Appianus would not allow 
his body to be buried, and neither entreaty nor 
money could induce him to alter his purpose. At 
length, after eight days. some good people buried 
the body secretly ; and the archdeacon searched in 
vain for the authors of that pretended crime, 
threatening them with punishment of death. Soon 
after the like service of love was shewn to the book- 
binder, Adam Howorka. His body was refused 
juterment, because his son had been baptized 
elsewhere. He was, nevertheless, buried without 


it OTETEDD | ONT A eortaa-trt a 
weld ghito wveiensg dot, hevigdinals & t90 Ww 
pohaatel alt to bu oohdetosesent amyaeoilae-intasdo Tilsen 


aus vldiewion 4 owob qag ot oda baw eads i. 
lvmaqyed amet mlosnctrmmmebassedT yonont 


a boviiqud a ae oe ehh 
twotltiw. hobupd aad 1901 eH 9 


L boobui (Ayo eyae) tance sriten uwo Yet ai 
fermen bes sot aceite vane ase Yoayar svat 


penta eaghel bas edvadmrods asoyiod ebuvony 
view ters bow ;todiom hovaled are yn esi! mola 
ody .toeb sit to meq od) go dieet terry Yo s00 
-hivla aotinsiott ods. dsiw ao bowers bad orotod 
dey deh! dyaersig ying see yi wd ; yen 
wh onlelievend Wlnait bas. ebada hoog tas yonou 
bowolle hea aajnlqeaes ctl Lanogsite eoth ducts nil alsi 
“goneq nb Seay oF soultae tel zn 
to dof eilt to ayoidiye orlt eee aga | 
vieds demi bnveq eteiquT opt 4 enolase 
old, Detupari: aout sapixsiuk) gues oe buted 
oS wha ni yevequne.odt Io Meee sapdb suivil - 
ail) enw ilooe -eeonniil siodt ab matt oeeinoribh 
eunslew ehoiioh adol edi dtiw van 
aid wis ovdasttud ni x 368 lo wteinin 
fodasoetl to dik oft po bois alixe mor! arty 
wolls tou bivew evagiqgA o oT cent . 
Ton Yowmums sodbiva bas ,baivud od or vbod vid ; 
Lives youre | 
gi rofle jlryetul 


_ Saeeeni boitwd zovincles aye yor wee modw To omoe | 


ginizo Iwhmotsag tilt Yo asgiltsie of aot aia 
nook tl) traiuideinn Feeper puiavewnl) 


-dood wil oF ayvnde anv ae odil oilt wile 
boeitos aad all 4 wl muh. polatid 
A Smourystai 


— orubwuels | a 


= ale® ¢ # 


140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 


the permission of the archdeacon, who when },, 
knew it was ready to burst with vexation.” 

The same authors give the following account «: 
the establishment of the anti-reformation comnj-. 
sion :— 

Certain Jesuits and monks were first appointed. 
to whom some nobleman was added. These were ti, 
travel throughout every district, city, and village, ti 
defame the heretical doctrines, and reeommend an! 
introduce the Romish worship, to invite the respect- 
able to apostacy by promises of honourable othce- 


and riches, and to gain the rest by example, or, i! 


needs be, by threats. A sudden proscription was atter- 
wards passed against the higher ranks, and a formal 
anti-reformation commission was appointed in 1627. 
The members of that commission were cardinal 
Harrach, bishop of Prague; the abbot of Strahow ;* 
Jaroslaw Borzita, count of Martinitz-Smeczansky, 
Frederic Tallenberg, and Christopher Wratislaw.\ 
These men were entrusted with the means of curb- 
ing the so-called apostacy in our country. But 
they would not undertake the administration of it 
without unlimited power being given them; so that 
no one, not even the Emperor himself, was to have 
liberty of interfering with whatever they decreed. 
Thiscourt of reformation was established for Bohemia 
as the inquisition was for Spain. From this office the 
emigrants liad to take their passports, and betore 
obtaining them they were first to endure various 
punishments and remonstrances from the Jesuits. 


* Caspar Questenberg. 

+ Of Mitrowitz. Pelzel, ii. 753, mentions also Valerianus 
Magnus of the Capuchins. It is not surprising that Martinitz 
should cordially hate the Protestants. 


oo a mins ct 


wit 40 BoeIdTEDORT > ORL» 


| al done nib wnonostulow odt Vo sithddiead encase 
b wglinesy chin ietud ot veiw si wend © 
joe an N spot at ovig alt. | 
| sinnee Hebeueotet-itia salt To inomibsildates pdt | 
—| mole 
ontingn teri ove edoom luin stinesl atwtis'> * | ened 
| of io teal Sy. dobbs an onatellois pate carp 
uBR haw tie ovis yee Itodwuwrels frvent 
inte Listetosst~hns eeatmpel (olen ot oumdob 
| jmepat sls ottvat of qideow ei all soehowai 
catty sldwtwoned to comunity ynatsons et oete 
iw shymaxs yd teu od) aig of oe ode baw 
oth an woRgisso1g ashbae A etusideyd adebeout 
lunret # hing eloet rniigid ody jenings boaena ehrew 
20) ai betaiogge sey coizeierinos coltemedbot-ites 
hniivas oto. wotelinmioa tod to. erodmsas AT 
"| worlané to todde dt y auger Yo qodehd slorreH 
| tlomsame-stiainal!, to dues ctesto8l. waheenal 
lvsl-iter 7 asdqoeil) bas gesdoslleT shiobetl 
are sues oily iiiy letanssite grow nom ned 
Wi .yriavon «mo 4b yonteoqe. belldo-os - ‘ght gett 
# to aotetteinivdas cul pdorsbal tombhoow yoult 
Wilt ow ; (rel) asthe yoiod tavoy betiqnilew duodsiv 
vnul of 2am Moantid aot ind oils aa79 Jon ano ot : 
duotoob yotlt vexrsuulw div guitsveta’ Yo 
nursiloll agi —— noiannctes Wwamwesail'T 
nls onifta eid) mov singe ial ea coiti#ivpni sdt ee 
wiwisd baw’ atroqesnq tinh dled 07 bal stetpinee 
Honey stubis eh whoo ysl colt yeininde! 
lueol sult <r nemamiis baa. siemens. ro 


tiaaivoly’? o7ln atolswene sai tias | 
Sunitalh dat 


aE AROSE PRT SOE 


ANTI-REFORMATION COMMISSION. 141 


if one refused to apostatize, they asked him whether 
he would not at least receive instruction. If he said 
yes, they appointed a day when he should appear. 
One who had thus far yielded was lost ; for a priest 
was Immediately appointed, who daily teased him. 
Many put up with that annoyance, in order to gain 
time for the better arrangement of their affairs. But 
when the term was expired, and they declared that 
their conviction was not altered, they were accused 
of mocking his Imperial Majesty, and their troubles 
were renewed. Their only consolation was such 
words as are found in 1 Peter, iii. 16, 17. Those 
passages of scripture became known to them all; 
for the more the Bible was prohibited, the more 
anxiously it was read; and the more consolation 
was needed, the more people sought it in the sacred 
scriptures, where alone it was to be found. 

“In order to make sure of the people partially 
gained to Romanism by persuasion or compulsion, 
and thus make a parade of the effects of their opposi- 
tion to Protestantism, they required of them public 
expressions and actions testifying their renunciation, 
and renewed and explicit confessions. The confession 
of faith which was required of the so-called converts 
had indeed been settled in the Council of Trent in 
1564 ; but permission was also allowed for something 
special to be inserted in it, according to the necessity 
of the case, which is evident from the sic et sic in 
the formulas.* 


* The license allowed to the converter to enlarge the formula 
given at Trent, and to add sic et sic, sufficiently explains how 
they dared venture not strictly to abide by the confession of 
Trent, but te torment the people with additional contrarieties. So 
much for the tortuous uniformity of Popery. 


SAR AAAA EA A ie Rhee LA al Ai ll Ab dh ec als tensa 
' 


cll MANA Aa AAA ol AN lA hd a Ld Sk dn 


eee Nannon TET OTE TY WTS 


een a it 


A A Rt ts 


cet ere 


terol toaent iiss tee 
nity 0) taht ui nemapyounue 
_ ttl. sili sind 'o tempura salted Wk oh sa 
~~ datlt kerileal ult bom Laiigers aww crit odd rade 
boauzen wa qo) ,howtln dom ae nolisivaos sins 

taldnoty tial? lum oeangellt aid gaisoom Vo 


, Moun eon ooitalostive : T Jdeewonet mew 
Fi) Bl Ail vets I ei Toure? ots 28 alow 
pile nets of sewoad oueand. wv 


engneeat 
mtow orl chotididory sant GOEL adi tou oft sot 
Goitalvenon sven. walt bre adage nu 
bsvsae ada ct 21 adlgu0s alqoog ch lon are tt 
awl of oa ene ite 


‘air meen silt Yo, ae od Et ag af 


re er rr Oe 


142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ‘ 


We have before us a series of prescribed contes- 
sions required to be orally made by the converts in 
1631, asa remarkable sign of those times. A man 
well experienced, who allowed himseif to be inducci 
by compulsion to pronounce it, and afterwards re- 
pented, brought with him a copy of what he had 
confessed, on his escape to Lusatia. From this it 
appears that they first declared, at the request of the 
fathers, “ that they turned from the way of error and 
false heretical teaching to the way of truth, not by 
compulsion, but from a free good will ; from love to 
their dear superiors, and in consequence of the assi- 
duous and pious labours and exertions of the reve- 
rend fathers ; moreover, that they ought to render 
obedience to the Pope, and not read the Bible un- 
restrictedly ; that they did admit the doctrines of 
purgatory, the mass, and the communion in ove 
kind, and reject the communion in both kinds 
as heretical and abominable; that adoration ought 
to be paid. to Mary, relics, and images, and 
that one holy mass is more available than one 
hundred Lutheran sermons.” — Thus, in every 
way they were obliged to speak against their 
former creed. The second point, according to those 
papers, was the execration, which begins thus :— 
“ Whereas the Roman Catholic religion is in all 
points holy, pure, ancient, heavenly, and divine, 
and the heretical, on the contrary, is false, errone- 
ous, accursed, and devilish: we execrate all those 
who have led us to that impure doctrine, and taught 
us the same, and excited suspicion against that of the 
Roman Catholic church, &e.” ft is well known 
that this harsh procecding is now denied by the 
Papists, upon the ground, that the confession of 


Pelee ery Manne ti Van Br aee Uren prey eter: 


Sevotied wip relent Ty 


adieades cael shin 


Weeretaas weepe rene Bis 


sn AAO GAG IE ek A hak le a le Ah a Bit pWreverys coment tee vera 


ellos fedlninarng te a 
ue ebveianadlt veel alenst ji 
an A ated noel te ape sidadeaemn ata | . 
tieyalinel wet oo Hood tevaroliv oxly, hooduhware How a 

ave Misewtodia line 2) saaso 6) culaluqares roe . ; -" 
lal aheaud' Yo ego a ced — hoteog ; 
Sh olde goo) otto! ct aqamen el po ,homdinon 7 

pf To oar adi 16 deinlonh tewk qalt pad 4 . 

bits tts do yaw silt opel baweent gyi seat * 
ead toe tered Yo yaw odial guitipend Lenitored soll 

at aval ano; Mier borg vot cca and teolel weperroo 

-luat ol Yo sombupoaros oi baw wanes woh tied’ 

aver ott do anoite:o ban stwodaleueig lay enoub 

yobrat of tdaug yols madd sovowmneal ; eritliel aor 

it alli adi best ror bon oqo tilhOr enosthsda_ 

\o ssatepoh oie cumbia bily yale et a 
ono ai AoheniMeS oft bow aan otagwd 
ehoid iiod wi aoiaumroton ait topper fea bold 
rdyoo aalterohe salt ;sidgaimouln ban Leoiterd oa 
bas opainit lun 25ifot cysele mt bing of 
ono sed: eltlulinvs anon ei nay eng duet 
yave of auulT — “aroqriue hevheud 
tisds saciegn deve om begilda., ees e 
snduls of qualimoaos Anioy bors wih horn: 

— aed doidw uc aur 


a 


odd? 
Wh eet) 


ANTI-REFORMATION COMMISSION. m 143 


Trent was the alone authorized one, and that 
such uncouth creeds would only have turned them 
from Romanism; but how happens it that in so 
many different places there are still traces of the 
Hike formulas to be found ? 

Then follows an oath in which the converts swear 
no longer to acknowledge utraqguism; to oppose 
everywhere the Evangelical doctrine; in no wise 
to turn from the Papal creed; to warn their children 
avainst the former ; always to fiee the cup and the 
Bible. The conclusion will shew how concerned 
the converters were to be able to give proofs to 
their superiors that all had been according to the 
will of the Emperor, without compulsion. It is there 
repeated: “ We swear with a good will, good 
inderstanding, good conscience, after a long, 
ardent desire; without compulsion, but rather with 
a free will, not for che sake of pleasing any one, 
nor from any interested motive, that we renounce 
and execrate the Evangelical doctrine in which 
we were born and bred, and gladly embrace the 
Catholic religion as the only one wherein is salva- 
tion.” A fourth point, was the confirmation ; 
on which occasion, in order to shew that they had 
renounced utraquism, they symbolically trampled 
upon the cup, and confessed its sin; then they re- 
ceived the shrift, so frequently alluded to, but not 
with so much irregularity and contusion. The 
following is the formula of the confession :—‘“ I, 
poor and miserable sinner, acknowledge and confess 
to you, my reverend confessor, in the place of God 
and the blessed Virgin Mary, and all saints, that I 
have fora long time adhered to the heretical doc- 
trine, and have lived in great error, and gone 


ase n oe alee resets tors 


prrrer 


maa UR, 


A ka a Tm dE 


PU LE ON abe 8 


Jon dud 6) bybulle yfrreupetl oe Mrale silt byes 


Lo 


Gb MOINS KOTAMACTAATrEE 
walt daw ace iexhodrow éadte "oils en 


wads bomen ovad vleo biuow ahaate if thro. ‘2 
we iti tals ti enogqnl wot gud. ; weionmodl werd, : 
wb lo esaett Hla ow eral) exoaly soseshily ‘conn 

Phu sd of actunal dil 


meawe etrovooy oly donde ni dt gs evollol mull 


_ baogao ot jy meimyorie Sphalveitstor of ‘toprol vn 
ete on al panttsob Esathrgm® oil) oeulwereey 


ewtbtida aiailt maw on yhaey Teqel silt med) got oF 
a\t atm qin: OAS got of ayardl ; earn olf yeuiioon 
loursocos weil woile iw onlewlonce oT hdl 
at aioony oviy of sida ad "oF smuw erariavnen wit 
alt 02 geifros.8 ied had fie dud sobre tint 
wd at rT xolshwquies tyollie vot wlt"be Min 
boog sili boog s vWiiw awe oY = homspn 
quo tehn eonbisetos Ley auibiitersdurn 
divi qatar tod Woilueos Mole + vials drole 
sro yan yiieaola “to odes ody Not You Niven 2 . 
commoner ow Init sviiont baat rite nw - 
did ni snivivel osityeawl oily oicro%s baw 
odd sopidens yilely brio Jterd fm mod iw ow 
~nvina ake tiny ang yin adda aoigiiot aifiden') 
‘Hotemtitnos sil) saw so Wri A "duit 
Lat! youd ands wale od sobt0 mi wroteon tile wo "< 
holga Wesilodinge qodt sadopetw beeen 
~or yolbaml vaie oi baawede bine qua oily woqu 


alT notation ben ysiuelugeit dum o¥ uly 

LY —:aoiedtgos ill Wo nivel oil oF yatvolka 
esctnoy bar eghelvoodyu onutiedhleneier be 

bod lo nuaily ort ai Aovetnos Derren yar ney of 
Etat tiie The bc yin algal) bosold ot baa 
“9b Leousrait edt os Deviodbo emis gaol » 1) deed < 
owe bas ors tera wi hovil aval bum suit |” 


144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 


likewise to the heretical sacrament,* have eaten bad 
bread, and drunken bad wine. But now abstain 
from it in all my future life, and curse and persecute 
it, and never consent to it. May God, with the im- 
maculate Virgin Mary and all the saints, help me 
thus to do.” 

What we have extracted from the papers alluded 


to, is questioned by the Romanist party, who pre- 


tend to doubt that such things were required of 
converts. We believe that Romanists of the present 
day have cause to wish that those accounts were 
groundless, and that the proceedings had not been 
quite so harsh. They who deny it must have read 
little of the history of those times. otherwise they 
would have met everywhere with the like expres- 
sions. It is objected, with the usual sophistry of 
the Romanists, that there was but one simple 
formula of the confession of the council of Trent, and 
that alterations were prohibited under pain of excom- 
munication. But can an existing prohibition and 
threatening prove that a thing did not take place ? 
If so, one might deny what our first parents did in 
Paradise, because it had been prohibited under pain 
of death. In modern times some have been shocked at 
the idea of trampling upon the cup. But this was 
not done with Popish, but wooden Hussitish or Cal- 
Vinistic cups, or others devoted to the purpose; the 
fact, besides, is well known, and has been proved 
in the accounts already given in this work. The 
opponents lean chiefly upon this, that the actual use 
of those formulas cannot be proved. This is cer- 


* At Reisse, in Silesia, it was declared from the pulpit, that 
whoever took the sacrament wth the Evangelicals in both kinds 
received the very devil himself. Apology, 240. 


ay en mc 


ant to eoviaamvomt + ee 


had sotea oral “ememrerue Invitored ols ox aatvodil a) a 
ieteda wort to cenin bead rectly ‘baa shod ze 
mooie boesiivs bie oli oul yet eat a mot 
mist Witwe bod yall si oF Juseme aoven bow ab 
ot fll eanise oct Ne ban yteMvegeY steluoen 
“ob ot andi 
fable sean 91) mot bomewessrel ow tad 
seoiw irq leivemodi ody vd beaolteanp 2 09 
Wo bovine ose epuisly doe sodd pduoh of bast . 
gage; scl} Yo ateinomolt suds svoilod wW eterno ; 
er" 4intiaosa sends inl! Asis oy? oxues aved vob 
root toa bal egaihssoony ods dault bas zeplbavorg 
ban svad daum tioyaub orl ell alevud we otivp 
volt eiwrodio zemit seed to yom silt Fo. oli 
seoes did oily alte dradrr10v9 tour gral bluow =~ 
Yo veteidqne Ianao wilt dive Jborojde at 21 saoia 
olyatia ato dud enw oro? toll tele il sil 
bac tort te fiowios elt to neizestswo oat) Yo alvariot 
-nooxe lonieyiahan bondilony oren enoiteraiia reds i 
hon voitidideor ptinize os aeodol .etedianey 
‘ yaoly oda soa bib gait) om indi sven gatmoendt ~ 
ai bib extonig faa ewe oil yooh edgiat suo oe 1 
ley tobambytiditeny avd bed 1% semegail methane 
18 bodooda seed eved sr zon atebont atl ahaybto 
sow ella wel .qao orl? wogu pailgeme to. sobi odt 
Ww 10 devia aabooy and ,deiqgoD ata onob tor 
ott j osoqng gilt-ot betovob zindio. aquasiteiniy 
boverq ood end bog .nvoud Yow et gaubieod jot 
vl? atom eile ani aevig choos eemoaoe alt ai 
saw lantoe elt sodtehls nogu visas 
oro oi aT bewogy ood soaten ealemeat aeoilt to 


saul Digg hy et teow 34 alnali@ ak aoalelt a * ) 
abit died ni aleoil 


pert 


ANTI-REFORMATION COMMISSION, 145 


tainly impossible for us to do, since we have no 
records of the anti-reformation in our hands; but 
tose formulas so well agree with the proceedings 
of that time, that we cannot doubt their use. This 
only we are ready to admit, that those formulas 
may possibly not have been in general use; and 
tliat some immoderately zealous anti-reformers may 
Lave used them less cautiously than others of their 
brethren in certain places for the common people. 
The idea that the Jesuits so used them is nothing 
wondertul since they were perfect masters in the art 
ef anti-reforming. To confirm the truth of the 
accounts of such proceedings we shall adduce the 
following description of a papal church-penance.* 
"Tlie apostate is led from the place of confinement 
to the appointed church, as a sinner of the greatest 
turpitude, with a black coloured candle inhis hand, 
ana in the presence of many hundreds of spectators 
previously made acquainted with the circumstance. 
He is then placed before the great altar, and there 
upon his knees made to abjure the heresy he had 
embraced, by many very severe expressions and in- 
rectices, Which are read to him by the priest. He is 
wi-o required to kick away with his feet a wooden 
cliahee prepared for the purpose, and promise fidelity 
to the so-called true Roman Catholic religion. It is 
net uncommon for such a sinner to be beaten by the 
priest with a rod, upon his bare shoulders, by which 
he is made to suffer for his sin of heresy, and is dis- 
couraged from future apostacy. Finally he is to go 
to confession without delay, and take the commu- 
mon sub una, as a pledge, that he will in future 


* From Salig’s history of the Augsburg confession, p. 895. 
VOL. 4, L 


A MAA i A ad la iT Ns aces teal ocala 


tl Ss ts nied niente Pisiiadinaa re 
RR a i UT HI AL as TH Ar senate 


ied :+bnsd wo ai poitxmve tite alt bal 
sprrilesoorq ods dite serge flow o2 enln Til ae 


aniuorict sod) teddocsimbie oy. ebeor wis ow vii 
hin joer Jewsneg ai goed a¥ad jon uidizsog vias 7 

_ Ysa etsoreine-naa eueleay Uisterghoritt saw mill 
Tail \o aco aaddvleupiuns seal sncidy Ine vend 
mgouy gorntoo silt adh soon niktee Hi wiley 
wrntioud zi. cued hoxw oe sitoast, ottt tyils tobi wll 
37h sil? of 219tensn Jost army rads done hikohuow 
wit to dros odt opto of “gateridiey-ininn Vo 
oii soubbs Unde sw eguihespog dons Yo <raneen 
“soansq-dacere Lega a Yo auitqitves ynivnlla 
insprPenAes. to solg salt enor bole hiiaope ol 
seniry 207 10 tsnaie 2 em ploneils bataingye olt ot 
boul cidei sthvoo byreoles adonkd a dtiew olaeeniay ae 
madsen lo eborbuud yest to aomoeang ont ii inne 
Somme io alt stiw beeiaypos sham zlavoieny 
soit Lue otlk rsarg ot wtelad boouly wilt ai old 
hresk ail qeotst! oilt onside of shou esond >i! mamyts 
“Hi DRS aKoinrigrs wrase igs yma ud pbomenturs 
Stoll teving alt yd cuted on tenon ono datitw awsiiuws 
are gest aul Tes dofd ot botinyoet oda ‘ 

¥ti 4b, sein bas ,ssoquag Fol beteqang aituits 

ail .doigilvi oifodsé) aumoil pur byllxy-o2 lt ot 

ont yd asgned 2d of r9maie # ilove tol nono nN ton 

tToiskw 4 2tablvode sted aid wage ,bor « itiw hear 

é bus..yss1od Jo. aia-eil toh whe of silusin oi 0d 
20g 01 ei ad viloaiT  yondeoge orate aot bogus 
. indie ) odat Pt rqulab wedi noixesitie oF 
suid sldliw od sea egholq a 6 osm dua pole 


‘ ; ome = : a 
C05 sitethoos peso oii Sa (dred glek me ® 
ti? 4 : Mae _ 


ere es een NT OEE 


146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 


be careful not to fall again into the heinous sin of 
apostacy. Some tell us, who themselves were 
induced to undergo this church-penance in order to 
escape from their protracted confinement, that they 
suffered intense anxiety and torment of conscience 
during the ceremony, and great remorse long after. 
for having out of cowardice and fear of men acted 
contrary to the conviction of their minds. That 
anxiety, and the so-called confirmation, have the 
most fearful effect upon those Bohemians who have 
some knowledge of the word of God ; wherefore 
they are very careful to avoid both. The church- 
penance they cannot always very well escape, since 
it is generally preceded by imprisonment; tor 
they must choose perpetual confinement, or ill- 
treatment, which is indeed considered more praise- 
worthy and decent than a liberty bought with the 
defilement of conscience, by abjuring the truth once 
acknowledged and cherished ; or, as it often happens, 
by execrating it. Sometimes they are even obliged 
to curse their heretical, absconded, or already defunct 
parents, which must certainly be very painful to a 
mind that retains the least degree of ingenuousness.”* 

“ But many, who had not been arrested, having 
previously been informed that the bishop would 
come to perform that ceremony, escaped for the 
purpose of avoiding the confirmation; by which they 
firmly believed they should receive the mark of the 
apocalyptic beast; indeed it was so intolerable to 
them, that: several hundreds of families fled from 
Bohemia to the neighbouring districts; therefore 


that ceremony is now more sparingly performed, 


lest the country should be entirely cleared of its in- 
habitants.” 
4 


Me all a ll 


sks bli 


preerew ven re ruweemonnien fen) 0) Gielen tae tia 


pene eee mentee LT vepeeent on i ctrl 


Piers Clee See wea ecae reee ony 


sty wre tonteerttnms bellay-or ods. bas )Qeine 
ved od anoignadoll geostt —— lafruadt eon 
owterulie’ > het Ww ° brani » eghadwoud scro8 
efyuits etl Abod bieve of Lélated ire gis yods 

wile apenas thew per ayawle ae, 
rt a CM 

“i wo, Sunwear Lex oeouae Maer qodd 

-selieg, aver berobienoo lveduil a thrvichar ees 

if? dite abgitod writ «. sem fa jaomnls: hee 9 HIT 

cone hued ols gabrujda ge sonaloemnes to ansaroliteb 
anwyail medio gen no ybartsivad a tite beybabwonadse 
bgibeler came ner peeing mr ony ; 

ton bole yamaha 40. hah wossder, mitltseuee 
oo A yleierven aecate altel Alasie 

* sercamiuvitiigst 10 sorgulidecal ili anlanon salt beiet | 
geben! petit eel joo buh owe yan La 


meter 


ANTI-REFORMATION COMMISSION. 147 


In the Bohemian Evangelical Palm-tree,* the 
f.llowing accounts are given by eye-witnesses :— 

‘“In and around Landskron, belonging to the 
Lichtenstein domain, are several secret Hussites, 
who, when discovered, are very severely treated. 
During the general absolution or indulgence, which 
takes place in that part of the country, several im- 
prisoned Protestants are led about in their chains 
and fetters, and after being publicly whipped. are 
again taken to their dungeons. This is no doubt 
imtended to act as a warning and a terror to those 
secret Hussites, who are not yet denounced. It has 
frequently happened that a large number of im- 
prisoned Protestants have been brought to the 
public courts of justice, where they were all con- 
demned to death, then led to the graves already 
prepared for their bodies, as though about to be 
publicly executed; and all this to give them a 
foretaste of death, and thus induce them to apos- 
tatize. For immediately afterwards they are con- 
demned to imprisonment for life. The terror of 
death, and the great fright of such a scene, once 
caused the death of a man, and of a woman in 
pregnancy. Those who die in this manner are, 
moreover, not allowed an honourable burial in the 
churchyard, however respectable and virtuous they 
may formerly have been. There are even some 
Romanists in Bohemia who evince their displeasure 
at such proceedings ; but they can do nothing in 
the matter, the clergy having the sole control.” 
This continued even to the middle of the 1&th 
century, prior to the reign of Joseph II. 

* Simlar’s collection of ancient and modern elucidations of 
church history, vol. Il. part 3, p. 853—974, § 7. Note d. 

ie 


ONAL eee: 


a> aniedo qialr al teode Wak aie ahvelestor] bono-iny 


YW teltebiouls aagtiodgy bas sasinas Yo qaligetioe - 


Se 


te MOTRAMIEOD OITA nena iTK 
of) “women fevitsyrasv Sl ‘vistiersite A ot ut 

—reseeoatiw-rra Yd teviy Sui etaued0e ¢ abwalls: 
st on gergnoled sotdabnnd bavow ban ‘a 
atte svines Totsvee gig fileinch nioteusidit 
Avant viersven erie 9e binsvomith nad joike 
ditt coasalubai 1 aoltuloeda foreeiog sult print! 7 
aah derovoe ysis oflt Ye vine toilt ai oogly eodat 


san lanydidw yloildig puisd titty fas ntisl bas i 
iduels ox ei dt anorgaut tisdt of usdut nignn 

seed? onto? 2 bre ‘ynuriew «an 0 09 bobaomi 
tod 31 beomvoneb'tey' dott gue oily jzatieasl] Jovem 
“nt to todarita ental 0 tule hadagqed vlinwupont 
silt -orxtguerd nsed> ovad epitagiord bonto-ing 
009 e-siow Yort sed avian] to atin oibday 
‘thanle sevicry cult of bol asd itpeh of Tocnmh 
ad or tuoda dyoods an’ soihed tiadd rt borage 
& mwvilt orig 0) eidy Me bee fbenerss oildy 
~soqe oF ott? soubnt anit) tie alinab “Vo atentew 
-ao7 se worl) chrewtotty y lent bammm wil gsites 
fo voreredT iif tot Yhomemostqett ot bsamoh 


nue nese a ilove lo dfytl rg oils how alicoh 
mi eemow 9 to bun nein & to atinh oct bynes 
er west eel) at sth odw eamtnaryery 7 


od ni Latod skimwonod as bowolle 304 -xyvomwm 
voit evoutiv Lire oldatysqest wirewod dnwiiiloteds 
amos sete win brslT med gent yhommol you | 
siveaslqeil dislt sorive od siittlod ai erinceioll 
ni goidion ob ino yori tijd ; egutboooony Masia 1 
“foyngo slew of} guived yytala ort tora orl 
wate: Vo atbbinr ody oF ayy bouuiinon 
So dibalipeol to ngion adi ab Yong, — 


5. 


Spt CE ak eagle ia road d 
a 2 


LS ETT 


148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 


Thus then we have described the chief measures 
to which the Romanists began to have recourse for 
‘the total suppression of Protestant doctrines, after 
the painful occurrences of 1621. Though the non- 
catholic churches were now closed, all the Protestant 
clergy dismissed and expelled, and Jesnitical cun- 
ning and military violence were every where at work 
for the fulfilment of Ferdinand’s wishes, it was still 
found that the labour of conversion was far more 
dificult than had been anticipated, and that uni- 
formity could only he eftected by the greatest 
sacrifices, in the loss of many of the most learned 
and the most brave inhabitants of the country. 
They did not proceed at once to these extremes, 
which during 1622 and 1623 were only partially 
adopted ; but from 1624* to 1627 they took those 
determined and severe steps, which for many years 
caused inward struggles, painful uncertainty and 
indecision, fear and anxiety, anguish and terror to 
the minds of all the inhabitants favourably disposed 
towards Protestantism. Of these years we shall 
therefore have to speak more particularly. 

After the expulsion of the Protestant clergy and 
the professors at Prague in 1622, they began to use 
a constantly increasing severity. According to 
Pelzel, “the new archbishop of Prague, Ernst 
Harrach,f and the rest of the prelates, but especially 


i lebih bl Salad ie ah 
sak kk A ta Nd a a a Ys Al 


fa ha ls ll le i a 


* In this year the Wittemberg Theological faculty addressed a 
printed exhortation to the oppressed Bohemians, of which Dr. 
Balthasar Meisner is said to have been the author. 

+ After the death of Lohelius, the chapter of Prague held 
several consultations about the election of a new archbishop. 
In those times they were desirous of having a man who could 
be powerfully active in the extirpation of heresy, and the 
restoration of the Popish religion, and they elected Hrust 
Adalbert baron [arrach, son of the imperial privy-counsellor, 


a NN RS els a A peapeer Van TP tantra wee oe 


aug mo avmmasoody OE 
aaa Veal lenlivaaely o'r pal ae oil eT 
di ogee o angel danni ial) Aoidw of 
atte aawiigol Famantenrt To rovewaqgua Taoy sit" 
wa widigaes! ISA te enaneeriniwen’ bitiniad lt” 
iaiaspua? wilt Ue baeclo won enre endlotaila silodtno 
timy ttines |, Lave -balleqis levine revel oeceil vals 
joaw ia ya STING OTF aanmlars ratte bas gnik 
stig en i olen & basal, lo depen odd wot 
aro Ve) oe aolerretae You vital ails tal banal 
Sau tult bos olaqinian aed hod omés thoatitib 
peavey st od bateite st qh ins yitarvot 
Knirroml daqay soit To gtact Yo saat galt tt geoltrroae 
eum eld Jo. atustidadal avwnd tena ait bee 
amcrenxe adi ol 4900 10 beast fi Bb yet 
qian ylro otow CEP! bas Soi guhah ideal 
out door yaks FOUL or “PRO! cool ven ; botqobe 
eee yReas wal abl? ste svar oo, hie bymtarrstob 
bee Yoistaony llsing 2shgquttt inewat bees 
worm has dewyre ,yiaieoe bun tal ssolntoabert 
vewnegaih glia sit eterwtichackat elt thw to abvniee ails” 
Hove owe waeoy ovoile JO, terebbensaampan”) etewneud } 
zirglunitieg stom deoge ot ovail wiiersiiy’ 
loins. gyal daampauters | ot to stale ont val A 
wert oF dase voit S41 ci avgun"l da pewslong oft 
iB 


tila ht ho telgele whi callelod Wy Mie edt waif 
goa # 

Lives ude anet w abt Lo cnevtesh gest cal? enn 

#4! ban genad W_aoiagtites ofl o) prio 

jew budeals gold ae Hriqot wit 

sollociwerering lnbragtat 8) to wow steevnntl weed aieltalie 


2S gabe PO 


ANTI-REFORMATION COMMISSION. 149 


the Jesuits, were constantly urging that the whole 
of Bohemia should again be brought within the pale 
of the church; and they engaged the assistance 
of the papal nuncio, who resided at Vienna, 
and through him sent repeated petitions to the 
Emperor.” Ferdinand therefore issued edicts for 
the immediate expulsion of the Protestant clergy. 
These edicts were sent to the archbishop, and 
to Prince Lichtenstein, on July 24th, and Sep- 
tember 25th, 1623, and were afterwards re- 
peated on the 27th of April, and the 18th of May, 
in the following year. At last the Emperor entirely 
revoked the toleration formerly established in Bo- 
hemia, and prohibited all religious worship that was 
not according to the Romish church; first in 
Prague, and then throughout the whole country. . 
One edict succeeded another, urging the archbishop 
of Prague, (who was made cardinal the year fol- 
lowing) and the governor, Prince Lichtenstein, to 
extirpate all non-catholic religious systems, and to 
introduce the ceremonies of the Papal church. But 
above all Ferdinand commanded that none but Ro- 
manists should enjoy the privilege of citizenship, or 
be permitted to carry on trade in any town of the 
kingdom ; and by another edict (on the 24th of 
March), that all Protestants should be driven out of 
the towns. He further commanded that Romanists 
alone should be allowed to marry. As some Protes- 
tant preachers were still concealed in the country, and 
the Emperor was informed of it by the archbishop, 
Karl Harrach,') who was at the time in Rome as chamberlain 
to Pope Gregory XV. He was of a celebrated family, not more 


than twenty-four years old, handsome, and of a stately figure, 
and possessed of great abilities. See Pessina, 390, 


we 7 
he ae 

abi ROWRIMKOD HONVAMAOTETTEA 

shester oi Jul) guignr ylaabenes. ower jiueol gill 
Abiq ott vihin wiyword od niege hiyode oimtsdof to 
Sonmisieen silt begcyis ods hin ;uleriula afi Yo 
euiY we bebies ofw elon Laiging, silt to 
alt 0) anoviieq betsaqer tie iid dgvonlt bas 


- A ziihy bouet gtolved) bounties  “nosqmtl 


‘(gis tostestor? off ty aotfnque staihemyni nilt 
han -qoilsiddois silt of snge otmw algihe oevd'T 
“jot ine bo viet oo nibtemtdeh) paint of 
“on sehiuwele otow boa: 2201 fide ssdmot 
aM to dt8t oft baa fig Yo dITS alt no borseq 
Ylortias tore oct jen tA ey parvollot ads ni 
“fl ot baleiidnie yhoridt mattered al) hodover 
dew dud! qulesow enoigilor thy betididouy buna atetoul 
wh te whrraily deiqnot ad: of gailaecen ton 
‘Vtteos sielw oft ivothguenty godt bos suger 
qoisiddets alt yaigro zodtons tmbengane tulbs vO 
“lot way oi lagibie shane eaw oilw) »ugerl to 
of riven saaitd onwrog wh ban (quiwol 
oF has wurisiere avolyifer silodine-mou Mp sniqtiten 
uth aiwtido Laqe'l ot to sotenanems oft goubowui 
“OH dod exon tad) baboaurion hawaibrsl ila svods 


‘10 witidenseltio Yo sgetiving ad) yojns blwode atetagon 


silt awed Ye ol phew 00 yaa Of boitinrssg od 
Yo 162 elt wo) tnite yadiong yd how ¢ arabia 
Yo 100 novieb od blvode ssceratetT We tals (deve 
sieiramon ul? behoamucs pitt oN aawor ait 
-eatonl onmaeeh oy react OF bewally od hipeds aaole 
big sytienod ait ni boleodos Nidgsew evordonerg daa) 
<qotdoicl dove ott 1d ti Yo hanmalat aaw reyeqendt ods 


miahrevtrerals wa wimol 4! emis oft da ane ode jvdoonsatl haa 
vrognD eqod 


Dene 200 a toes Yo, any 14 c od 
ci eased es 
Be 4 Ge! we Nae ’ i tang 


150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 


a strict order was soon after issued to seize them 
wherever they could be found, without regard to the 
parties by whom they might be sheltered, and to 
expel them from the country. All which was punc- 
tually executed; as has already been described in 
the foregoing pages. The Protestant churches were 
given to monks of various orders; who, among 
other allurements, endeavoured to entice the people 
into their churches, and to their worship, by intro- 
ducing instrumental music at masses; and many 
ran thither rather to hear a fine singer or a violin 
than to attend to their worship. For those Pro- 
testants, who had feigned themselves Romanists, 
it was an attractive motive for going to church, as 
they had never heard the like in their former 
services. This church-music has been retained in 
the cloister chapels to this day, and in many churches 
is little inferior to the Italian opera. 

In 1624 the district governors published in all 
towns,villages,and market-places, the following strin- 
gent directions. ‘1. All those who are unwilling to 
embrace the Roman religion, and so to become of the 
same religion with his Majesty, are prohibited trom 
all business, trade, commerce, &e.—2. No one shall 
allow sermons to be preached, or baptisms and 
marriages to take place in his house, under a fine 
of 100 dollars, or imprisonment for six months. 
Also, whoever retains an Evangelical preacher in 
his house, shall fortcit his estates with his life.— 
3. The true Roman priest is not to accompany 
with the usual ceremonies, a deceased Protestant to 
the burial ground, but the church and burial fees 
he shall, nevertheless, receive. 


4. Whoever labours, 
transacts business, or sells anything on holy or 


saints’ days, shall be imprisoned, and pay a fine of 


aut WO aoenrea st a ving 
pratt? @xkee wir tawreant walle wOGa, arte f mae itt 
1A) or haamgeratmaditiv trast wil iqon ead 338 rod 
ot heh drngriade od adgien ypils minnie % oitseg 


~niauag aoe loner WA .nuirs09 acl? ago) ated’ loqua 
ai dedierest aed yhenlo peal ae heheosze qian 
und vuistoestors oll 7m qatogstd als 
‘ayers seryoirta evan te sdaum of fo? 7 
seen wily snitun od Revco goto tiewervutla 39 
acti el apulerow tiglt or face ntornits viola oda 
erntd bien; 2geanet Jo peettet leon iaat grtoub 
ailore a wh magetign ool v“tql 0 wake esityial? wt 
oD wed? 10% —.qhlevew ved 0) huatie 6 apt 
sisinmnodt esrltmad? borgist bal oth jeintest yi 
ex ,leteds of witiey, at ov ein ovo ta ew ii 7 
vounet ciate at adi od, bol teed iwail yoild 
ai: Toueloeen mend, anil oiaitrrstormale aiaT wired : 
sncloremibo veneer Cah Lous rah eislt oF shageta esielolo ods 7 
wry nulludd oly aided vlail et 
tin wb Dadaidug siomtaveg, folitelly elt pyot al 
oir gaigolict ott eesalq-todzac bom, eagalliv anwor 
ot gallina we ory aa0ul) ihe 1". ampliosald Saxy 
ails to orwogagl ot ox Lien sr0tsgnhorr canted sls eovanetene 
inet betididorg, ace, gengh4 olf Wine molpllas pathe 
\Latle poe OM) Sod syne? Sane snontiend Hs 
has amaitgad 16 .lunfonvig o¢ OF mmaurtte wolle 
asi o, sobeur eeu! ell ai vasiq said of eegerttear 
ation wie Ah tgsnrnoatrqerl Ye silioh OOL 20° 
ni teifoswneg Lewiiogan'esl ae ele w otk 
Sil sit site apiares aisl thibee sewod cid 
Pe ee a leary aaunolt wry ol? 2 
o} trata Jemoh 4 arurouretwe tae oily Ain” 
eon Intraday Nersmls cld sud aan todaged welt 
mnodal aevead Jb —ovivam eeatodamerean fladaad 
yw elo ao galdingne elted sa apelin -aioaenats 
lw wal @ ying twee Amanodtigy int! 4 ehh “Oulee 


ANTI-REFORMATION COMMISSION. IS Ih 


ten guilders. —5. Any person found in a public-house 
during the time of mass, shali be imprisoned and 
detained until he pays a fine of ten guilders ; and the 
host shall pay double that sum.—6. Those who 
ridicule a priest, his sermon, words, or gestures, and 
thus mock the Romish worship, and those who permit 
heretical worship to be celebrated in their houses, 
shall be banished, and their estates shall be confis- 
cated.—7. Whoever shall eat meat on Fridays and 
Saturdays without permission of the archbishop, 
shall pay a fine of ten guilders.—8. As often as the 
father of a family shall absent himself trom mass on 
Sundays and holidays, he shall give, if rich, four 
pounds, and if poor, two pounds of wax candles to 
the church.—9. A list shall be kept of the young 
people in all the towns and villages; and whoever 
has placed his sons in Protestant schools, shail with- 
draw them before the festival of All-Souls, otherwise 
the rich shall pay fifty, and the poor thirty guilders 
fine.—10. Whoever instructs the young people at 
home secretly, shall forfeit ail lis property, and he 
himself shall be ejected from the town by the 
beadlee—11. No will shall be valid, unless the 
testator be a Romanist; heretics shall not even have 
liberty to make a will.—12. No young people, 
whether orphans or otherwise, shall henceforth be in- 
structed in any art or trade, unless they have pre- 
viously learned the Roman catechism.—13. Who- 
ever speaks or sings indecent words of God, the 
Holy Virgin, and the saints, or of the church cere- 
monies, and of the glorious house of Austria, the 
same shall, without mercy, forfeit his estates and 
his life--14. Those who have, to the prejudice of 
the Roman religion, any painting on or in their 
houses, shall immediately efface the same, or pay a 


a 


Lol eden te ewis: OEAURON FT, 
enol -oilton gat baud nosqead 


bat hoaaitigint si Meds janes o- outta ad Sail . 
afl tis: etsbliies yoy 10 onitn epee eal Lita bats ly . 
onbae aaqt 7 ane sade phe et fide od - 


Line ASTI 2 10 alrtow moarrse iil esity a'sliy itt 


Hing ofw segs bea filetow tleimogl 9181 Adon with 


Senet 4iodt ot bstedsiea: od at qilewin lwaijoryi 
parento> od Ueda estere9 gisds bos bodzined ob pile 
a hae ‘vebT no twonr gen fale qyeoud Shes 
apbilaiditoasg eis ‘to Roiesior yg twotiig seb 

ol) en matlo ed S— ably sat to aul g vig Maile 

0 tenth mou! Ysemil. taseda Leste fiat «to wld 

tet Hom Yi ezig Made og aM ban erelnn 

oF wslbars xew jo, shawog ows Mag Hi ben linn, 

Banoy sdt lo tysd sd (ele doll & S— dvwilsods 


tave0d@ has ;eousllix ban aggey orks Thu tet ofigerony 


<ilttw Merle alow acitessosE apf eter sist Loowlg aud 
setrr tail 2lu02-[LA Yo levitest veld wretiod trols wath 
awhliog paid! roy sda. bas sil Yang Heda uli ody 
fa sinosy pavez sily. etorrstays tote WOT anil 
of Ding vtwqusy sid Llp sitiol lisda’gliorsss smod 
str ye wet adi. gion): beroaje oat” Hale Wosanid 
oils seal bile od. Hain Mie oY 11 —ofbient 
aolivtod ; seine o off ToIates) 


S 


152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 


fine of thirty guilders: also if similar things be carved 
or painted on gates, churches, or other public places, 
they shall be broken down or effaced, and the 
crucifixion, or some other ancient monument shall 
be substituted.—15. If the poor in the work- houses 
be not converted by All-Saints this year, they shall 
be ejected, and afterwards none but Romanists shall 
beadmitted, Hereby will be fulfilled the unchange- 
able will of His Imperial Majesty.” 

It may easily be imagined how the comprehen- 
sive severity, unsparing rigour, and exclusiveness 
of these enactments must have disturbed, oppressed, 
and often overwhelmed the minds of the people. 
Soon afterwards they commenced the anti-refor- 
mation; and first of all in the district of Prague. 
They went from house to house, and asked every 
man, woman, servant, kc. four questions: 1. “ Were 
you born a Catholic?’ 2. “Have you become 
a Catholic?’ 3. ‘*Do you promise to become a 
Catholic?” 4. “Will you by no means become a 
Catholic?’ The answer of each individual was 
noted down. When they found that the number 
of those who would not become Catholics, much 
exceeded the rest, they were afraid of using general 
compulsory means, lest they might occasion a 
revolt. They, therefore, determined to banish the 
Protestants by degrees. ‘The commencement was 
made in Prague with four respectable citizens. 
These were John Theodore Sixtus, John Peldrzi- 
mowsky, Abraham Engel, and Jacob Heyden. 
They were permitted previously to sell their houses, 
estates, and other property, and even to take some 
moveables with them. Then fifty and seventy 
citizens, with their wives and children, were banished 
‘at a time. The rich fled from the town; the 


- 


ia ge Na Na STR basi 
1 on i eect 


x 
et 


/ RON Gat 
Bball ob, 


AA i ck BN MAAN tS ih A ed DAT Se eA he A daa 


singel We toftetiy slr ct tn We toi bee yoke 
yisva bodes bes sano ot gana tot lure yodT 

a WF :anoltestp 16) od Jumeee sisiOw Apart 

smosst! doy svaH * -S “aiedt « ctod uoy 

s sarod of ssimorg~ yoy ath 8 “Loilordtad 6 - 
a sitexied attvonr on yd toe HE f oilodied 

cow fanbiyibai does Yo~tewene aT = “YT othedaaD - 
sadaredds jails boodt yod a avob- baton 

dount gailodie’) sarosed soe filsew oilw sands) to 
eae bim'te stv ynlt dest sult doles : 
% 900 idyicr yout deol yettasnt yrosluqaros 


oil} detand 69 hocinrotsh when? yedT alow 
enw sqodraor oo miT \soetgeb yd ataatestott = 
sgrositin wot dt exgel gt she. 


-ixtbiot effol etzi® molwodT ailal sew. ceed T 
aebyalf Meee bus typo mili dewou 
agaioil ‘shells thee 09 clevorerep bottling seve yodT 
onmoe oaat OP ime bute vnotlio: Frew 2atates 


vtrnean ; aT. . | aie , -~ 
boleiaad Pe ssn senanitindadionamone aa 
ols javet 4d? mot belt alain ol omits a9 5 


> 


ANTI-REFORMATION COMMISSION. 153 


poor remained and many Romanised. After this the 
work of conversion was carried on in other towns, 
hut with greater severity. Thus, in the year 1624, 
all toleration was revoked, all religious liberty 
destroved, all Protestant worship prohibited, every 
Evangelical custom extirpated, and the few clergy- 
men who yet remained in the country were eagerly 
sought for and expelled. 

The same year was also very decisive in Upper 
Austria. Three parts of this province were already 
Protestant, and for forty years the Popish proces- 
sion with the host had not been witnessed in Linz. 
But in 1624 the preachers and schoolmasters of 
that country were driven away, and the inhabitants 
foreed to attend the Popish church; but at home 
they quietly read their Bibles, and enjoyed a purer 
spiritual nourishment. 

In this year also the people, but especially the 
clergy, as we have already stated, were fre- 
quently ill-treated by the soldiers; and they con- 
sidered it a special grace and favour if they were 
not burned, or otherwise tormented to death, but 
only imprisoned for a shorter or longer period. On 
the subject of burning to death, the bishop of 
Breslau, Jodocus of Rosenberg said at the time:— 
“As the maggots will congregate in the half- 
roasted meat, so will the heretics increase by the 
burning of their fellow believers. The people will 
more easily be turned from their errors if their 
teachers are banished ; when they do not know what 
is to become of them, they will soon return and be 
obliged to comply.” 

In 1625 orders weye repeatedly issued that all 
Bohemians must become Romanists; that all the 


sa 


as OS a 


i 


one 1 — a Se ee 


an 


e 


a= Aviles baw 10) tityooe 


—stit out 1 bine yrodimaofh toatobol Ander 


a 
Col HORAEOD BOTTA tea RoNEsE, 


a 
‘enn! 


si uiltreil. .bosiasmoSt yuna: inn Besitaiet or 

anwor wlio ui 20 bottes any Hol@e7iIos to dyow 
EOL aney oct ni yal rmevss sad Me tn 

ged evoigiler Ma dedlover ‘ert we So : 
Yisve ,lolidadeng gidatow rtatororl Tha ,boverjeity 
“¥urels weal ody bay holneries ator ‘trolfyginertt 
Vispas stew yngoD silt mt honisner 19 ‘ow ro 


wqyU ni sviemsh yey eile aww ‘ta9y ome ott 

(haere o197 sonivorg eds lo etry ostlT — nittau/, 

~soouy eiqo scl) .zepse yd) ow) nw Atinteton'l 

-Riti] at besesatin «vod toc smi seed oy altie Hole 

to ethtesntlondles bap ero wht ESOT ni gull 

Sanidadat ol) hos .vaww cveittle open waves tlt 

ssod Jo sud >; dotudy tleiqoD at feo ey Peal 

Tuy & be ojas bie 2otdith tiedy Inert Thain vent) 
Honuleivnow leutiniq- 

out wilgiasyes dud yolqosg aif alu tay vidi wt 

~vit anew ,botnya thenla sept sw er rtavily = 

“M09 Yow han, cemibtoe od yd batters-ti ylVironys 

view yorlt wow bivé pong lifooys af sf TWrthtie 

tid Sah 2 Dotnonrios setwmlte 20 hom ton 

HO -horteg 192001 10 twr0rls egal boroainyett vlan 

M0 qotleid sir Westy ot yeieernd “to doje a 


“or lqatres er Layilde 
te tn hued wbosoagen sew evabue SOE Ul: 
wt) Ue Sed) getehtotnodt oroused dauuecieaein 


154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 


Evangelicals should be deprived of every privilege ; 
that concealed heretical clergymen should be 
punished most severely; and that large rewards 
should be given to those who would betray them. 
In 1626 they published fresh edicts against the 
Protestants more stringent than the former; and 
with many people they accomplished the purpose 
for which they were issued. But 1627 was the 
year in which they intended to give as it were the 
finishing stroke, and to annihilate every remnant of 
Protestantism ; which they had hitherto been unable 
to accomplish, even in Prague. This is the year 
inscribed on a monument in Carlsbad, as a memorial 
of the anti-reformation. In the same year Ferdinand 
confirmed the privileges of the Bohemians, except the 
letters patent of Rudolph, which were, of course, 
alleged to have been the cause of every commotion. 
At this period one severe edict followed another ; 
but the most important was that of the 31st of 
July (the memorial day of Ignatius Loyola). Its 
contents are thus given by Holyk :—‘ Therefore we 
cannot conscientiously permit, that there should be 
found, within six monihs, any one in the lower, 
much less in the higher classes, who shall not 
have embraced the very holy and only saving 
Roman Catholic faith. And that there may be no 
lack of such people who can instruct in so salutary 
a work, we have, from a godly determination, ap- 
pointed and provided for that purpose, certain 
governors and commissioners, from the clergy as 
well as from the laity. Wherefore we, in our 
paternal care for the welfare of this realm, inform 
and exhort every one by this our royal mandate, 
that all and every one should, for their temporal and 


sarin aaa 
keihin hh denis icin Ae abi a PL 


Pimraerep ee ih. Seen etn 


mn en A le ie I a st A a A Al lh i aa A Al Li 


OMT 90 COP ITRROORND «ow 
agaist eo berg 
fr Sateahaaieh itis belaemaoy tats 
cscildl cyst tlt hen <ylooen Soe eel 5 
anreit yiniod bluow odw enodieat averg ed blade |, 
giz jentngs vrvibs dessi tedaildeg ods O8D1 sl ; t 
hie ; ruinict ade nadie Jawgatiie ear stosteotord . ae 
srqug of1 hudsilqaomes yooh vlgeey, qancr, ee . 
22oii eaw S20! swil sheoet omw wale aloidy 
ol) st9ve ti anevig oF bebaatal qe deudw oo os: 
Yo tnanam vere otelidinns ot baw stv goidsind 
siisae aosd oreschid lind yore dole ¢ eeliamenerd 
wey sti ef «itl sugar ci cee glallgeoone ot 
lanomain's en beri) of teu mmenet ooo bealitzent 
bocniies4 te4y seine cls at .xolteeweiior-ltne ads Yo 
ait S29 pnwimnadotl oils jo eeyaliving edt hoordags 
eru0s Ye wer doilw clqloiefl be taeteq erotial 
HOiOMMIIGS EIS lo-cesny ol) rpal.oved of Deyalla 
; taboan bewoliot toibo ome see hole enla ad 
Yo #216 sdf lo we exw cabtoqa deomt 4c!) dod 7 
et! §=Léioynt eviteegt to vel ioramer adi) ¢ful 
ov endtowd'l *~—: lyhoH yi awvig ead east 
ad Bluoe gists duchy .tlenereq vlavaiesioeson. toma 
vomel ail) af ase van aliqom aie wnitix. bared 
doit thule ow soeein rubuidoilt gl ceol shiver. 4 
parrea Yo bas yo yw of) beowulme syed. 
oa od yout ore!) judi bok sdtiet ofoaD mano = 
qutulee va ai toorien! nes ola alqung sloua Yo doal 7 
“qa fotteuitteatoh yihoy a not sral ow show se 
niutiso «saying tal toh iohivong bow betaiog _ 
a gn6 a Ge Sotvietontehns contevog 
ue Chit 4 yin add mot ag Usw , 
“alge ates ta onuitiow of? toh ete» Deuntaay 
place ult yd ono que trode hes 
han Estoy) evi) hblvnils sgegnrs baddinindt 


ANTI-REFORMATION COMMISSION. 1 aN) 


spiritual welfare, be diligent in taking instructions 
from the above-named commissioners of the reform- 
ation, and thus be obedient to our gracious will; 
whoever shall not have complied with our will 
within six months, and not be of one faith with us, 
the same shall not be permitted to remain in the 
country, much less enjoy his property. For we 
are entirely resolved that all rebellious and obsti- 
nate people shall sell their property to the Catholics, 
and quit this country at the expiration of the 
specified time, and never again be permitted to 
return, unless they become Catholics.” 

Thus both high and low had banishment an- 
nounced to them ; the ruler of the country always 
iinagining that he was very lenient and mild in his 
punishments, and that with the people’s love for 
their country, they would, in order to remain 
therein, easily be converted to Romanism by such 
a proceeding. He believed he was providing for 
the good of his subjects; heresy being, in his opinion, 
the cause of all misery, confusion, discord, and 
misfortune. How great must have been the conster- 
nation of the yet numerous Protestants! Whata 
strugele was there now between the spirit and the 
flesh, between conscience and the seeming duty of a 
subject! Many immediately determined to sacri- 
fice their temporal goods, and confiding in God, 
depart the country. Some wavered at the thought 
of wife and children being reduced to poverty, and 
hesitated to abandon their wealth and honours; 
others, again, soon terminated the atlair, by pur- 
chasing from the Popish priests some mass tickets, 
and testimonials of having taken the communion 
sub una, and then they were safe. The clergy 


= See 


* 


= 
lline 


Ste aif 


wt il yaraqorg. elil yojpee seal closer’ Ties 
=o bite enoitloctes Ie surly boviesor yistives ote 
ailodsud silt ot -cringony sigelt lise thasle slqusy stan 
a1 To notasigne silt de exeuOD sds Tp bas : 


at bemiorw vd niepe-sevedt bow vonvit Doiivng 
“erllodta surosad ysdy- eesti rite 

“He ansmdeniod bet wol haw dyit dod ent 
*yowlevatayos wit to lee ole yaw OF hoomnon 
eith ai dint bye usins| roy www edd tqilt Qeitvissenni 
Ot ovel a’olyouy silt shiw geil teen etreeen deter 
nines oF mine si Livow euilt rectues viol 
dove yduncianmel oF berewaos od yliene jaietords 
wt usibivony aww ub-cbyzilad oll ‘gnibossony a2 
Motuge ail wi peuied vevtod vataajiloe zit Vo hoog ail 
baw. dnossi Heaiaos -froeime Ha Yo vanes odds 
“tata wht droed sail tevin teere well conriolaine 
bl Leuorsiol enorme toy oilt to soitinn 
whi baw dinige ols caszied—qenepals en olpyuit 
610 Yeb guido ad) bor consioenog stoowtod shell 
“Hane ot besinrioioh yloteibommt yaall ! toojiliva 
howd ai » bis ,zhoog littogsot rig? oof 
ng a amet —.¢itaitos oils doh 
me 


Oo 


156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 


occasionally also facilitated apostacy ; for if any 
one opposed reason to Popish doctrines, some 
priests, who were not very scrupulous in the affair, 
would say: ‘‘ Believe for the future whatever you 
please, only be obedient to the church, and acknow- 
ledge the Pope, because that is necessary for unity ; 
the Emperor would be very sorry that men of the 
noblest and most distinguished families should aban- 
don the country in such thoughtlessness !” 

This wavering of the people, arising from fear 
and indecision, is also mentioned by Balbin, 
in his account of the Jesuit Wenzel Pillar, which 
distinguished man, who was highly esteemed at 
Olmiutz, had now, when the Romanists particularly 
needed men of genius, been appointed to the 
Salvator church of Prague. “At that time (says 
Balbin) the population of Prague was wavering. 
The so-called preachers had just been expelled, and 
many inhabitants of the town were inclined either 
to follow their ministers, or secretly to retain their 
heretical principles; but the words of this eloquent 
man proved their salvation, and many who by emi- 
gration would not only have lost their temporal 
fortune, but also have suffered shipwreck in their 
souls, were brought by him into the harbour of 
safety.” 

Holyk describes the effects of those severe edicts 
in the following manner: * There were to be seen 
wonderful vacillation of mind, and yarious people 
acting in various wavs. Those who intended to be 
steadfast in the fear of God, went at once into 
miscry (2. e. exile) ; others tormented themselves, 
by wavering from one side to the other, secking 
for shelter in different subterfuges, and by sup- 


2 
. 


sui ¥o 2oxtdaavoNs e BBt 


ae i vol + YsaIeoge boretitiod! ole lnaotésone — cd ’ 7 
une pantie deqoD of sroenot boeoyqo, 90 
sjatie eo) ok anol uqaroe “yee tome setmar othw aaoing - 
por vousbady ‘inn ody tél -o7alled™ ‘yee binow 
_wourdtan bow lyri silt of insibado eel ylao sessig ar 
; ain aok Vinsesoun et dailt carne ood oalt oghal . 
wilt towess-tarl ye (AY ad hinow wo1wqand sels 
=75dq hinoile soitiartt hadeiynteils soem bua tesldon 
} saiggreealtdbiody lowe ait ertnaon ods nob | 

het mot puiatte Jhyooy ef) tu gninevew eutT 
wide vd heaoticom sale a igeiobai bas 
daidw .vallid lovas¥/ diel arly. to,teogem eid ai 
th teittestes yiilptd exw oclw coun hyouleingaiteth | 

qivalustrrag atsicinctol oft trailer wom hod etiten tO ; 
wily of batmiogga weed eninsy WH meat bebsom 
ayos) omit iadt i omgetT to uberis notey lat : 
spaltoven sw suger ‘To sotralnpoa. all (nila 
bax ,balluexs stort 420) hat 2oranengy balleo-os oT 
noiltia bowtiodi stew mwod sti7 to aumidstal yasor 7 
cies miata ot liste % jsotainian Wadd qollol, ot : 
troupols eidd Yo abvrow tly aid “yaolyinaing Levitra - 
-lers yd od ynewe tows woitev ie viedt beer aaa 

Lrogeral ‘ede dent arreil yfnon dom tii noitetg . 
siods ai dourwalile bovine ovnd ovlin and erutioh 

‘Yo wodted od otai aiid “yd nilguod stow ~eluon 

“ 


siotho axyves saoilt to efovfio: oli exdisozab AyloH. : 
nane od of sow avait :t9naacr gatwollol ot at 

aloo wlory hewn Ae neiutlinng biwabaow : 
od ot bobadtut ode oro .2zou auotiey ai gniton — 

qini apie gn iw hot? Yo omst ode of dexthgote, 


vovloammaiht botesityo! wlio 7 Coline @ 4) Goeian 
guidoos alo oda or sbie sito stow vaw yd. . 
-que yd ben Juive Meer ont, yutlodle why . 


ANTI-REFORMATION COMMISSION. LeSFF 


plicating and petitioning the Emperor®* that the 
edict might be altered, or the time prolonged. 
But neither excuse, nor entreaty, nor sickness, nor 
anything else, could circumvent the cunning and 
eraft of the Jesuits. Hence it happened that all who 
were anxious for the safety of their souls at once de- 
parted, many of whom are yet dispersed hither and 
thither at this moment (1673). Notwithstanding all 
this the church of God could not wholly be anni- 
hilated ; for the people still met secretly in the gar- 
dens, or on the mountains, in the forests, and even in 
the houses, and had also some oi their ministers con- 
cealed. And though the blood-hounds were well 
aware of this, they were unable to get them into 
their clutches, notwithstanding the various means 
they used, and the numerous laws and edicts which 
were published against them. Tlie anti-reformation 
was therefore zealously continued, both among the 
nobility, and among the people in general.” 
Although under such grievous circumstances, 
there were many who yielded, not having strength 
of mind sufficient to forsake their homes rather than 
their convictions ; the number was still very great 
of those who left Bohemia, seeking another home, 
—and God blessed them in a foreign land. The 
principal emigrations took place during the years 
1623 and 1628, immediately after the chief attacks 
of the Popish power. It is calculated that about 
36,000 families fled at various times into Lusatia 
(which was at the time mortgaged to Prince Joln 
George of Saxony, the defender of the Protestants), 
* Of course always in vain, for Ferdinand’s will was irre- 
vocable, his will being that of his father-confessor Lamormain, 


and the Papal nuncio Caraffa, who constantly exhorted him to 
firmness. 


reiterate 


baw lis rad3 boneqqad ti eos asiwael Sato fini 


fi r9diil boesqzil guy sea eneudw'o yrnitr bots 
ase= Hirgilbunaliivio£ (8301) sanemonreiily se voalglils - 
“ite od yllorw soa bleow tet) ho aytursia ont ails 
“ang oli ni yLieroe town Mise oliyoney adderall ; boxalid 
bt o9¥9 bos. eteoi08 aft ai amietaottratly 20°40 ,xtrb 7 
“1109 eraleicior tists }o amo oale dail due -sauod acs , 
ise sian shaiod-bould oltalgueit dk \frolass 
ojai avi Jopof sldsow. stow ‘rast alt lo wore 
anne ALNE~ ot yoibngsadtingou Hnletulo sieds 
5 Hotty esibe baw evel esorsaies oly lew bevy youl 


womaurotet itn GT | sarod) geuteige leotedding orow 
si) pitouut ijod bowaitnos ylawolene orotyreds anw 
tami eoretrg dows wwlinty HouodslA 


“dweottaig itt shqoog arly Bue bas wrilidoa - 
guste Yuval joa Leblsiy owned stow wedi 
hats todsie eontud sist sdeerot of mnaisitive brtins Yo 
jaig yer Mite cow tsdoum od ¢<uniolvnco:-tinds 
ould tetoos yoidove wimodoll sel ody saoils to : 
odT baal giv 6 ot sods breed bof) bas— 
eisoy off pitinih ooslq doot adailergiors Inqinning 
adonits Ysite wt toile ylotuibomunt BRN fury ESOL 
iuodn dal botaluolio ai tl, tleiqo'T alt Yo 
uisioonl odui aounid enoitey Je atlited) 100,08 
iilol dontyT ot Loyegton omiy stein enw iboidw) 
Cetetabegion meld Yo rolaeab ord. eOxn8 Yo syrost) 


i sae Lhe nails x0h° oine wl xine seawegW 
Menm ad y A aid Ww dody ‘fiw aid : a = 
wid hodvodie ole itteabo lege sdthne =| 


158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 


Misnia, Silesia, (where severe persecutions took 
place some years afterwards), Brandenbure, [fal- 
land, Prussia, Poland, Lithuania, Huneary, and 
Transylvania, consisting of people of every rauk, 
age, andsex. Those families which had already bee 
Protestant for several generations, were no doulht 
among the most faithful. One of their anxiou: 
cares was that their children should prove as stead- 
fast as they themselves had been, and the dying 
husband would therefore expressly exhort his 
survivors to do everything to preserve their children 
from being led astray. There were also cases in 
which the parents, feigning submission, retained 
and propagated their Protestantism, but whose 
children and grandchildren afterwards emigrated 
even until the vear 1690.* But we shall speak more 
fully of emigration hereafter. 
In 1629 the Protestants were once more filled 
with the greatest consternation. For not only did 
the Bohemians constantly hear of the cruelties which 
the Lichtenstein dragoons were practising in Silesia, 
Cin Glogau, Sagan, Schweidnitz, and especially in 
Jauer), but Ferdinand, in the height of his fortune, 
published at Vienna on the 6th of March, 1629, 
the Edict of Restitution, to the great joy of the 
Jesuits, who called it an ‘“ Instrumentum sanctum.” 
It had been concocted in their council, and was 
intended for the death-warrant of Protestant Ger- 
many. Fora long time they had been at work on 
this subject in Rome, and in other Popish cabinets, 
and they entertained the hope that now Protestantism 
should receive its death-blow. According to this 


* As was the case with the author’s family, whose emigration 
had been prevented by imprisonment. 


ans Wo aOMMENNORS 
Jon snedinesemag) atrevos. wte) alealig i“ 
Jol qonkvehaell evwiolle sia ais, 998) 
bog opeegowtt sebomedsit bonlot ueret, fet 
june geuke $8 vlyood to gnitaianan, olamdyeast a. 
wed eoatbilichned doiskw eailiea.a sagt oabm.og8 
vlpnabs: GM ter anonewaeg Intevee wit ‘eetsono1T 
poten as “Yo onO « Jatedtiah tenet wilt “gaomts 
este an ovo blyorle wothfida inde iadlt eee eer 
grtah aly hue wiwod hal. sevioamodlt yous 26 dant : 
“il noize “yewqee moles, blaew licodendd | 
solide iil ayiseruy of galsliyrey9 hy of atovieusa 
wi esang webs row ood T yovies, bal soeiad arom 
hortiitor .néteindes poisginh arom oils dais 


sanulor Sed’ kheiturtestonT ..rivdd, Dentaqyingongy. Deus 
(iorginrd ebtauielte~ astblidobomg hen metlitigdo 


wom anaqe Haden weil *.0001 serpol linaw ways ~~ 
Hadtwrrod monenyion to yftet 

toll stone sano otew sitateston tS oil) Q001 al 

hib ylao to 10% amiteatatenos Jewtiw’g wilt dik 

dnida eoltlerten wilt ‘to toad yiranteaos sactgnatotl odd 

nteoli® al getetionig oto esoee ath nimenstdott odd ae 

it yitnioogale thgd Atinbinwsto? seged damgald a, 7 

sare ald To sdiiiod oil at sbarneiiael tod ,{7908 

Oot dora Ww as od cio sual tm bodailds 

odt Ww yo) smerny aly 08 wiolinsitevfl Yo, doibT odd / 

W spadvenie eevevtevauienratacsl "re siefoallaey cckyr iuest 

son biti Jindivom vinlt oi botogrneo goad bad it 

“on tvatentin Yor searrren -ieoh, ould a gg ; ¥ 

no how t0 wend Had yolt oot guole 1% pn 

toni ebgel sailto bus smelt mi doaidve ae : 

raisreasallay twgw'ractt ogartorkt boctlareagar yor Bria 

aids of yotbaoomh,. cnold-\ynoh ati svinpat hiworls | | 


at OP 


: & 
coiteyiwis nade ellen avn sul aiskw sem elt ae a 7 
ed a (lian veel it ie 


ANTI-REFORMATION COMMISSION. 159 


edict, all immediate institutes and church estates, 
of which the Protestants had taken possession since 
the Passau treaty of 1555, were to be restored to 
the Romanists, and all mediate institutes which the 
Protestants secularized against the clericai proviso, 
were again to be supplied with Popish bishops, and 
curates ; all the Reformed and others who were not 
adherents of the genuine Augsburg confession, were 
to be excluded from the religious peace; all Lu- 
therans were to be banished from the Papal countries, 
and no longer to enjoy the protection of govern- 
ment; and Protestant subjects of Popish princes 
were to be brought to Romanism, without being 
allowed the liberty of complaining. This edict had 
already been enforced by the secular power at 
Augsburg, Ulm, Kaufbevern, and Ratisbon; when 
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden came to the rescue 
of the oppressed German Protestants, and the 
contemplated severity of their enemies could not be 
accomplished. The troubles in Bohemia were con- 
sequently, at the same time, greatly lessened. But 
no country connected with Bohemia was more fortu- 
nate than Lusatia ; being pledged to a Protestant 
protector, John George I. of Saxony, the Lichten- 
stein dragoons, and the Jesuits dared not invade it; 
and this province became the place of refuge to 
numerous exiles. 

Before we speak of emigration itself, we must 
give, besides the above mentioned general account 
of the melancholy state of affairs in Bohemia, several 
detailed statements, which will shew how it especially 
fared with the officers, the nobility, the towns, and 
the people in the country. 

The Protestant officers were at once threatened 


— 


sone mbiszsweuy cadet be Aimee orld sf We 
of letaitat ul of sow OOGT IW phn ‘Dass slp 
wit divich aemtiteni stall (le ben atainenroll ods 
aaron inoizsty ail? dactivee Uecivaloees enpteotond 
hor aqeriaid deiqu stir betlqgie od 08 siege s107 
sie aes oil eodzo bun boureilt silt Uy ; eeterne 
poe tine inion sadepok salves oil) Yo atoanodba 
—~ id Me pow eantyiler si aueil behulexs od os 
earanm ivqu’l aid art! hedeiiwal od ot ovsw acerads 
~arevrong to neltoutied oft yolus ot “Iynel og baa 
esourtig lego to einsilve thitasterh haw; seam 
Reind> Jnoiksry meireenetl We tdynot! wl of snow 
bad wibe eit .yilitalqatus Yo ‘yg! aly henolla 
an Aeweny. salons ot “Ah tosis iol” phere 
foe jneadeitet fun artevsdWe A sul cgrndeguA 
souvent vild oF sores mehowe to emfglihy, anvarnud 
wl bum gamete ment) Imeeviqge alt Yo 
ow! 400 hres ssitesms vied to Theres ban menos 
on oon aiiotod at sslduortadT moron 
wil .benpeei! ylewrg otis dunes atl de pz itwon pe 
<Apa wroite em alinwilo€l ihiw letuind pros om 
sonresiorl § at lerghsly goin ; wend wis otan 
-wonlvid sdi yytoxe4 Yo .L egiegt) wulol, yretiry 
iat sharai ton bash tin See iste 
a1 squiips to nonly od oarnssdl sonivony ily tum : 
hunt ow Abit woimryins Yo deoge ow owl 
Jovosns lmsieg bewottsonr sveds adt vubieu 
liioves piquiledl wt eilitis Yo sate Hosdmrrntioin salt h 
viluioaqao si word wonle iw dotlw irom 
Vivre wivniod onkd Agribidon oddly oeestiye gel af 


honarwowlt ‘onto tn se e190. me 


> —_ aa 


160 PROCEEDINGS AGAINST 


with dismissal, in the expectation, of course, that 
they would leave their pretended darkness and com: 
to the light of Romanism. But as it was no douli 
a difficult matter to dismiss them all, and to find 
at once such Romanists as were capable of supplying 
their places, they proceeded very slowly with this 
change, so that even in the year 1631 it was nut 
entirely accomplished. In Prague it was of course 
undertaken in the very beginning of the anti-refor- 
mation. There ali the Protestant counsellors were 
dismissed in 1622, and their places supplied by 
Romanists; for after the expulsion of the clergy. 
they turned to the secular ofhcers and proceeded in 
such a manner as to detain them with the so-called 
‘Pardon,’ which was nothing but imprisonment or 
torture. Some then, who expected to obtain great 
riches, yielded, listening to the persuasions of a 
certain doctor, (Esaias Novenaar, Proskowsky 
Krzemiczka), and sacrificed the treasure of a good 
conscience. Others, a thousandfold more numerous, 
remained faithful to their conscience, and to God. 
The sufferings of the Protestant nobility deserve a 
more particular description. The execution of thie 
most distinguished among them, who had ventured 
to oppose Ferdinand, has already been noticed. 
There we have also given a statement of the other 
punishments which were decreed against them, 
especially the confiscation of their estates, But 
what was principally required of them may be 
seen from the frequently cited “ Synodus Pragensis.” 
There it is said: “ Of all things which the Ca- 
tholic barons and noblemen have to observe 1n 
the government of their subjects, the chief is, that 
the Catholic religion be established and propagated 


sua dba AOR |, a cd a i 


satads 


ai eh A Ua Rd a lo Se 


Parver a) 


pis ies Water 7 ere 


3 
4 
3 
Fi 
4 
4 
i 
3 


—_ 
texraa, eovidas2oat 


rult sey Fo Holintoagre oily ai ylapalare 
to Lean eoitalredy bobuetong aloe esa: pets 
rdnolt on eau am all eutelrmaedl Je sigh alts 
int of fame Me ced? celeretl of Tea, duoihih s 
cuiziaque 10 olka soy eq ercivanoll domesomo 32 
sult btw vbeole yrer bebeuyorg, pod! zeonly siods 
ing ew 3 180? gaey subtad asyo def os ogasdo 
sen Gover l ol trekeiynosss. ylovitas 
aieliae ad to gating! vier alt al adatrebas 
we ewllvemiog soniestor') odt Ho sisd’T colton 
wi Jntlgqne svonly iiedt baw 2201 of hoaetenath 
Jeoeie wile Je gotelugze oft rofle tol | eteicumot 
ii helexounp bn spite taluine alt of herd yads 
lotiesme sea atin atedt aisioh o es tonne a sloue 
© lestumengmi gad gridvon es thie ‘soita'S* 
wing nimdoot betoxyxe odw elt siio% usttot 
«te anoizanersy wilt or yainwil cboldeiy ,eodoin 
(avrodzonT yiemwre, aximd) stotveh aiatse 
brow ¢ to snicn ails hoodies haw adeebamanal 
avotsrmnac stort biathakavodt oes) .s9nsioepoo 
-bok) or bem gemsiganes tivd) ot-lytiist Daninengt 
1 wsaoh ysilicdor tasiesior4 add Io saailus of T 
ay lo aetna? adT  nolqiwesh calopinag stom 
inser let oda ateds geome joletirgaielh teom 
insiton nest gbastin ead jbasaiba'l seoqgo. ot 
vile ade Ww tdenetste « movin ole ovad ow evdT 
meds sedisgs bepinsh vin tloide enomleiang ‘4 
mH aotnres sistld to moitgseiuvs gilt o> 
of yaar strodd to Demiupe y Usqioatag, 
“vegan T aubory® * bodloy beaoopett lt mevipgae 


<0) silt isidhw guide Wn 30" shine at a sped 
i symedo of avail dildos has aaorpl oilede 


iwld jet Waite gals a jo semmpevog oa : 
boguqury hae Heo ol noigttor siehs. odd 


THE NOBILITY. 16] 


in all places subject to their dominion.* Therefore 
we exhort them all in the Lord, and adjure them 
by the mercy of Jesus Christ, to see that their 
heretical subjects are brought with due care, and 
the especial fear of Ged unto reflection, and into the 
bosom of the holy mother church. If these Catholic 
barons and noblemen have any heretics among their 
domestic servants, they must use all diligence in 
bringing them to Catholicism, and cause them to 
continue in it.” But in 1627, when still greater 
severity was exercised towards the vet existing Pro- 
testantism, Pelzel tells us, **the command of the 
Emperor was also announced to the nobility, by a 
public edict that his Majesty would have none other 
subjects in Bohemia than Catholics, that all those, 
therefore, who would not return to the Roman 
church, should sell their estates within six months 
to the Catholics, and go elsewhere.” Many, there- 
fore, forsook their religion that they might remain i 
their native country; but the greater part, and, indeed, 
the richest of them, emigrated with their property 
into the countries adjacent. Of the treatment of the 
nobility in those years of terror, Holyk writes thus: 
—‘* Though they do not proceed by corporal punish- 
ment and close confinement, with the rich and noble, 
they are not altogether spared, and they have in- 
vented means by which they may plague them, 
without subjecting them to bodily torments. ‘This 
is done by either billeting on them numerous 
soldiers, or by demanding heavy contributions and 


* They were by no means to have what the Pope tolerated even 
among the United Greeks, viz.: divine service in the vernacular 
tongue, the communion cup, and married pricsts—thiree points 
which were recognized in the earlier centuries. 


VOUT ie M 


ee een 


rar ssn a ~ 

wtorstT  *.noteiaol ‘dad ot toopdieresontg 
weitt wrbs bow broad oft ai Ma atl soe 
: veal tole yor ot tet Sel te *oTAMt 49 
Z bro artes sob sly obgoend whe ete due | 
307 efi bun colmatin orm bot) te 


yy Wedte sentril atennts wedten yloil sd Yo stoxod 

styls ceo sentra te ovudl nencalton hate eerornd 

on ===" sotegilily fin Gen sant “roill jetravise viteomoh 
oe of wralesamdQ Han wnvezalloda’) ay vod pokgaird 


qatavry [ite oily .SS0T ai nell “AT i suntan 
“01 gultalte 19) ott alot bealotexs aw ythowse 
alt to hatiamoy wii uv elled lonloT telinntes 
ea ~giilidon oft ot hooavosns celui sew Yoroqentl 
foiiso savd ovad bluow yiesyoll etd tailt dotbo vildig 
Aeoily He gnda .eoilordia) nod siteafoll nt etsajdae 
namo off of mute: Joa bloow odw -toletorls 
ailiviom xia cud yi adiotes ‘ted: lee idwods lusts 
-orelt yank’ = “wolwoels oy bas oilodtad od? o8 
ii inert tpi yodd terl¥ morgilet siaslt doortal sci 
eboobmat bets seq rotary 91 Joel ; ato avidne tilts 
yirsqong Silt tin batergtine elt Yo deyeloie oul 
ot to duaindasit ol? 10 —jnouejly eartanes wilt otni 
S7:- aire AyloH ons to — bare cuits 
~Heiftug Teroiyt09 dl beaxerg fon “ 

ldo bans Hoe od liiw Aniomoniities 440k les devo 


“ai ovad yuk bas .bxaqe redisgetin sou 6 youl 
aroily ougaly ¥, wea yoult dod Ti attr 
dit? “ewscral Pied oy mall? witiioujslue Saosin 


eioromun mod) no gotisllit aadtiy yd gio ai 
hn enoidiniyie yvesil gatbasmely yd xo yealblos 


tory bsreralas nyet gilttend» ovad of eave ond saw gett © 
wolowrrred oid at warivilh : rv adnan feoibalt zene 
ne OG hoa quo molasenoa 
ae at ee a 
x a nd 


x, a 


162 PROCEEDINGS AGAINST 


gifts, or finally by confiscation, if they cither canner 
or will not give as much as is demanded: and th. 
they are obliged to quit their homes and fO inte 
a miserable exile. Ask the old as well as the now. 
town of Prague, ask the beautiful towns of Lelu, 
Olmutz, Konigingratz, and many others, ores 
and small, ask them how many hundred beautiti 
houses have been therein destroyed. The Jesuit 
alone have demolished many as large as castl:s, 
and in their places erected “Collegia et Semi- 
naria!”” I have seen how they acted with the 
houses which they demolished in the new-town: | 
have seen also how they broke down the fine-t 
mansions,with towers attached to them, in Konicin- 
gratz; and how the monks have, in various places. 
torn down beautiful dwellings and caused their holes 
and corners of iniquity to be built in their stead. 
Among others the fraternity of the Dominicans 
demolished a house near St. Giles’s, in the old- 
town, with so such impetuosity, that the scene was 
perfectly similar to that of devouring wolves falling 
upon their prey. For several years they were 
unable to obtain possession of this house, because it 
was privileged, and they had, therefore, made 
repeated applications to the Emperor for it. At 
length, being unable to advance a just claim, they 
raised a report that the house was only inhabited 
by lewd women and men of bad character, and that 
the owner thereof continued inwardly an old heretic ; 
and thus they at last obtained their desire. It was, 
indeed, lamentable to behold the poor inhabitants 
stand before the building with weeping eyes, and 
in great misery, witnessing its demolition, even 
before they had entirely removed their goods. They 


wh Nat ceie slbe 


eA A ES Si lA SE 


; 
AIG Sg a apie 


TaHinos SOKIGHIIORD = sat 
sonic ctiovels TW cottemitios 7d vitae 16 ahtg 
ult hee ghobnaceh «fae dower en avig jon iw to 
ort og ten euro tial slop of begiide, sre yads 

wins et sir how ap ble ott desk .aline ohiniocion 2 

lot Fa arwot liflttived edt den augatt ty wwol 

tg oeslto qos bor .siiergaigintA jstimlO 
itor tesa year wod avd: dea Alara hee 
AL oT hovortesh wioredt saad eat esenod 
~iteno en oneal et yaa badejloeol ved “sola 
ies 1 prpsloD ” betes asonlq vielt of hata 

4 ttiw hetor-gedt worl not syed T “lt sina 

tc uwotewon ot ai lodeilommoh vailt dotthw sanod 
unt alt awob sdox ysl) woil ovfg mses svat 
“iuinGA wi sverlt ot borlosite etovvot dsiwenoietent 
~only anortay ti evel edinin odt vod ban psig = ~ 
elo tistt hoes bun epailiewh Intionad wnob mos 
Junta tbat mt thod od ot Ytiopial We etenves bare 
“ano oft to viurrteti oil) erarlig ‘uiroméA 
“Ho ot att pest) 448 non Serod a hadeilomed 
en wnaoe ott dad) ysieorlaqun tout oe sti ywor 
niilict eavlow gaivnovoel to tad¥ of taliinte ylisitesq 
sow yet emg tivtrse rol ery aiedt poqu 
Ti oeunoad sano li to noleoxog viento of sidan 
sham  wolerert had volt birs shopuliving aaw 
1 ti sot noveqanal od of enoiisothpys  betsqor 
vols mitts ten] A someehs of slinnit gait ulbguel  —” 
boatidadat yIno eaw senor odt Jedd tqen a bowler 
Walt bea: sroiseraio bad Yo tom bus wuew beled 
i ivrod blo rn plienewit bonnitees tooroiltamwo of 
avn tt onieab volt feataido teal yn vod einlt bop 
Hustidelai rooq at biodyd ot aldoinomel <hoobat 
Ina oye guiqouw Alii guiblisd ons wtolud berate: 
ovo novilomob eit gihmoatiw jyisian thor ab 
yalT ehooy rult bovovita elo had vail oisd 


Le 


_— 


THE NOBILITY. 163 


cried aloud: ‘O miserable and wretched beings that 
we are! whither shall we now betake ourselves ? 
The most pitiable of all was the landlord, who 
owing to weakness, and his great age, could 
scarcely escape from the falling materials, but who 
was yet compelled to go by their taunting excla- 
mations: ‘ Look, look, this is another old dog, and 
heretic, away with him, away!’ And the things 
which they did in one place, they have, no doubt, 
practised also, even to a greater degree, in others, 
where they had more power. Those who are 
desirous to know how the higher classes fared, need 
but to visit any part of Bohemia or Moravia, and 
ask to whom belongs this fine castle, this village, 
these fields, these vinevards, kc. ? the answer will 
be, to the Jesuits, but formerly it belonged to such 
a count, baron, or nobleman. Every pious christian 
may imagine how miserable and sorrowful must 
have been the condition of Bohemia, when the 
inhabitants were thus tormented, expelled from their 
estates, and driven from their homes; entirely on 
account of the Evangelical religion !”’ 

The proceedings against the previously spared 
Protestant noblemen, and their banishments are thus 
described in the ** Book of Persecutions.”’ 

** As our enemies became daily more powerful by 
their conquests and success, it soon appeared even 
beyond their expectation, that the Protestant noble- 
men of the realm might altogether, and at once, be 
banished from the country; for in the adjacent 
parts of Germany, the king of Denmark, Mansfeld, 
the Duke of Weimar, and others were now over- 
powered. A general depression of spirits was the 
consequence, and many forsook the Evangelical 

mM 2 


2a nuiAO! UDR ae 2 Ueda 


Rul Debed otha Ms 


meaner Pur rrev sire 


eaticahe nani 


~~ apnidt edt bak Lyewe tail Give gown rare 


ba! MTOM Bur. ae 

teal? erie Sevtlodoney fue aidinoaion 0" thuola bine 
Leovlserwe odwted. wou si Dede rodsider fore ww 
ore sbrulhe! aly 2ow Uo to aldsitiq mor olT 
filvoo gn awry aid bon. aepeloow ot gainy 
win td lntetonr poillt sit med oquoes ylovios 


~ulse9 yniteuad tists vd og ot beabloyntsos t97 any 
burs by bho tadtogs 4) adr lool Aon" zenvitent 


ddieb os ovad voit aly ono oi bile yody doidw 
adie i igsb watery 8 or cove ale bositoey 
vie ole seodT arog sxour hed. yodlt otode 
boon. ,.beis) evaesto sudwid oilt woul womd.of evoriesh 
bao sivmol ww siaadol Yo swq qansiziy of rad 
emgolliv edi wlieno oat aici? eguolo! avoid o1 den 
Hiv towean aide. { ood élitayeniy oeods ebloit-cesty 
Hoge oF begaolad ti -chonset md atigash orls of od 
mimuls enely yxord  unscoldow tw aored favo 4 
denim tndvrarvne bow siderpeior vod oobganti qa 
elt noite wismodoG “Yo auizibaon wilt good oval 
ret anol boilogap sberonrto) ands arrw esaasidgslai 
no lnitns . esmoil aioli medt nevints bun Zones 
e “Laorgilot Wwollegaavll alto spor 

barage glevoiven sii ieviogs equim ott 
euily STi Bhi) hy crud tis baw oemlden tantevter'l 
* srrociusss19% to auodl ** gilt gi badiexah 

1d lvbenoq oso ylinh onrmmed egies aro 2h” 
nev9 bawagys woo: Ji tzov0e bay apeou pio tial 
aldon, damentord ost tadi ,aolteinngns tid) baoqd 
od 290g 2H haw nodregorle sdgion slg oft ho nom 
deooaihe silt ak ol 5 yu0s of ated bydaiamd 
bistenal. Arena to atl ot emeneyai) Yo atuay 
“vO wou stem, amailio bac anmie Wh Ye slut oct 


164 PROCEEDINGS AGAINST 


faith. On the 31st of July, 1627, the Jesuits, who 
were the principal authors of all that happened, 
purposely choosing the day of Ignatius Loyola, the 
Emperor issued a solemn mandate, wherein it was 
declared, that heresy alone had been the cause ot 
the numerous misfortunes which had befallen the 
once happy Bohemia, and of the discord amone the 
people themselves, as well as between them and their 
superiors, and consequently that the punishments oi 
God could not fail to overtake the country.” 

Those who were sincerely and steadfastly pious, 
at once prepared for exile. Others attempted to 
deceive both the Emperor and the Pope, by puar- 
chasing from the priests false testimonials, to the 
effect that they had made confession, and taken 
the communion -according to the rites of the Catholic 
church. Some, indeed, succeeded in deceiving the 
commissioners by such purchased confessional tickets. 
and thus, by a feigned apostacy, escaped from 
banishment. But Lorenz Nizbursky, priest of St. 
Albert, in the new-town of Prague, who had carricd 
on this spiritual trafic too openly, and who had 
amassed an immense sum by the sale of such tickets, 


was at last betrayed and arrested, with upwards of 


a hundred citizens of Prague. They were all 
accused of sacrilege and hieh treason, and both the 
priest and the citizens were condemned to death. 
The citizens, however, saved their lives by paying a 
heavy fine, and by a real transition to the Roman 
church; but the false priest was deprived of his 
priesthood, and beheaded in the market-place, on 
the 7th of April, 1631. 

The enemies no sooner observed the effect, which 
the first announcement of banishment produced on 


j 
; 
{ 
; 
i 
; 


TeHADA HOWIGARIONG OO, 


rile ehaieak alt TO syiol lorehGeadsinO” altidh a 
lara Wall the to arodltwe beqlgniugy vil saw. 
oli wloeid extimurgt to yebolt poieonda ylasoquiqns °« « 
ye  tetwiedy onalcemrtr ameloe » howe sotoqmn Pitter 
i) vanes ot wood bed orale yard anal jurtalosh 
wht andiebet bed dotdyr vanndeinn enaeen oda 
wh yuoime hnoosth od) to bun nierslotl yqqndsono 
seer bin ieatlt naowiod af Slow ef. eovtoaaruil slong 
lo stepontaiy edt malt vinwonportes ban obtequa 
“Jerines oil salereve of litt tom blyos bet) 
siolg ylenthaue bee yletsonie omar odw azodT 
m baqaona edi) olixe “ct borrqaiy) sone ta 
“ug yt eo ott bias tomymd ttt died wrigash 
wilt at ehaiuenitess selifl, aevrny oft moi guismio 
wyAet Let ,aoleestios ober bed equi suds doshs 
villosa Jan lo asd ot oF quiltioose avismammnn ods 
vill ativinnal ai bobawsut ,bosbat siree — abenude 
Aldo lanciessinos byeadoaiy lone yd atonwieiemnos 
Hioil lrsgioae yyssteoge beaBist « yd amily bre “ 
Je lo salty yydeuntsté sustol tof - anomdatand 
lntries bad ony euper4 Yo avol-wan ade nt odlA > : 
jul ow has .Ylesgo oot offfert Inutheiqe elt: no 
dot) tous te ole oda pd more seat me boweene 
Ww ehisaqa dtiw jboss bas beyerted teal ie ee. 
te oow yoTl  ngeurl to saoxitio borbawd ee | 
mil? ied bee noses advil bia sgulbiege Yo boswooe 
Lal of bantabav si9 enositio alt hae deoing 6 | 
& gihzory yd ewil tisth bore orowoll amoyitioodT 
nome odi or woitieaort Lon. yd bigs goat yan 
il to bovingol any desing salt alt aod palo 
0 wouly-toolem oft at bobeedted bas. seodtusing  .) 
E81 dingh to daPede'. 
oily oviteony hewsado tendo: on wimwn oP os 
ty boovlong dasedaiond Yo socmonends ta ht 


THE NOBILITY. 165 


the minds of the people, than, hoping that many, in 
the course of time, would either be wrecked on the 
cliffs of despair, or settle on the sand-banks of doubt, 
importuned the Emperor to prolong the respite for 
another half year. A new decree, dated December 
6, 1627, was therefore published, in which the people 
were permitted to remain a longer period in their 
native country, but, at the same time, they were called 
upon more peremptorily than ever, partly by pro- 
mises, and partly by threats, to embrace the Papal 
religion. Banishment was now also extended to 
widows; but minors, whether their mothers were 
living or not, were excepted, because it had been 
decreed that these should be placed under the 
guardianship and instruction of Romanists, or 
confined in monasteries. Great was the sighing 
and weeping, when the children of the nobility, in 
consequence of this edict, were forcibly torn from 
the bosom of their mothers, and other relatives, 
and carried to the Jesuitical colleges or monasterics ; 
their estates also were taken from their lawful 


guardians, and placed under the administration of 


Romanists. 
Nor can we leave unnoticed the cunning flattery 


wherewith the priests beguiled the less cautious ot 


the people; for as often as they met with ene who 
knew well the grounds of his faith, they allowed 
him to adhere in many points to his belief, even to 
the article of justification by faith. They said that 
the principal object was obedience to the church, 
and acknowledgment of the Pope as the visible head 
thereof; for this was indispensable even to good 
order. The unsuspecting and unthinking people, 
therefore, imagined that they were not foreed to 


a als a a 


Se a eee 


pe 


GUt CHGOn THT Se 

i sqanaint tes} puiqod acad) ~alqoog: ailt To sbaltim allt 

oft my beloot od aeslsiy bluovw ontsit to sero. wily 

Atweb to elowd-bune sds 0 altgse 10 ,tinqzob to eHily 

1) sige cult gaeiong o2 cod ould barnrtoq iti 

tadarmeU heteh senash malar 7694 Ver tedtonn 

wiqeod sls oister ai dbedeildun aroleraily saw ,SSOi A 

tial! ai bolvg teydel © nino OY hostiarteq srw 

Seite vwow youd omitenene arly te ud »eioves oviten ; 

“1 ee el ere Hl) eg eiog SOME HOqH 

lead silt someon 01 eunely qU eltiay hen sein 

! lobyoize ozla von enw tenet _weiyilr 

Sia etecliou tivila xoutoide erway duds ewoliiw 

need bal Ji seusood ,burquors ww tog ae zaivil 

ol) asban bevel od [duos oat toda femroh 

to welanod lu soitoutiea’ hep qi tenaibriusy 

wutilgie odd enw jnsr) _xoirotennome i boinon 

ii yydibidon silt Yo gsrchbicks oddity Bitiqnow Live 

niott wot vidi) wow toiby arly Yo Sattonparno 

viialot tole bee yeroilion teddy to unowod silt - 

¢ahwodeunam to eyyollos Llgigeal out other bis 

HiAweut iad) soo) aslo ~deow oele wdades dot 

Io notterteieinla wl) whey bevnld bee simibiowy 
areanimasl 

HoneR yuinavs wit bosionsmcawnal ow ago wV. 

to anoitnms eal os. bolimpsd ebeokenee oil ltiwarod ye 

Oke sine tie aor yo an tle an Tt; wlqooq oli 

bowollu yodtwlaiah 2ul. to. shanwny add Uowowoud 

0) stove Abvitiod ail 02 sting yet ni sale or atid 

wilt bine yod'T . ltinit yet irolwaititen| to aleitis sult 

(yal off 0) gounlhoda ecw tosilo Twyiontig alt 

Lumtuldisiv abt emevpo'l mild ho | don bie 

vy © Hove ahdnenun that aaw ably eo ere 

oem goiminiae bas -yaitooqename oP 

8 beret saa wow ‘end sould benign: yandlovolt 


166 PROCEEDINGS AGAINST 


another religion, and that they might easily promis: 
an external obedience without violating their con- 
science. Whenever, also, these priests saw one of a 
noble family, who was either the last, or had but 
few more of his race, they repeatedly assured hin, 
that the Emperor was extremely grieved to see the 
noblest families, who had hitherto been the orna- 
ment and the protection of the country, now so 
thoughtlessly plunging into the dangers of banish- 
ment. How much better would it be, were they 
to remain and to prosper under the favour of God 
and of the Emperor! By such and similar means 
many of the Evangelical noblemen were beguiled. 
whichincluded all those who loved their earthly home* 
better than the heavenly one. Those who suffered 
their conscience to be lulled by these  artifices, 
became either apostates or hypocrites. But they 
who preferred spiritual to temporal weltare, prepared 
themselves for exile. Several hundred tamilies tor- 
sook their hereditary estates, and all their property, 


and took refuge in the neighbouring provinces ot 


Misnia, Saxony, Lusatia, Silesia, Poland, and 
Hungary. Some even wandered as far as Prussia, 
Russia, and Transylvania. 

Among these was the pious, grey-headed, baron 
Charles ,Zierotin,t whom we have repeatedly men- 


* The Bohemians were greatly attached to their country. Not 
only do the words ‘dear fatherland’ constantly occur in the 
‘* Articles of Defence,” but as early as the year 1100, old Cosmas 
uses the expression: ‘in dulcem patriam.’’ See Scriptores 
Bolen ler Os, Ove 

+ Concerning this excellent individual, who, though a Pro- 
testant, never engaged in the alliance against Ferdinand II., 
see Pelzel’s Literati, 1. 36, where his portrait is also given. 


petiaedod WULIoe eR ee ee cone anna ee 


renizon somaazoone +, OO. 

vclenon “thiana debgint yoils soit torte notgitn adtione «a 
-oun “htt yttiatoty inorte svaatbado dpwedes mm 5 
ye hr aan uiba eaG vewl? oslo visvanoil If | AbiIstoR - 
ne fed qo Jeal ad? reltio 2aw odv ,vlinnalt siden. : 
void bones vihorevyer Feat yaome-sil ‘lo g20nr wat: 
abt ane or Te mirg vicuviies ate soroqmal od sacit » 
are it pead otvartsid laity yenitionad tealdow: , 
wea OS alt Ve teftondertg eff) han teen 
abut fo evganh oii oer ghtguale ; 
wl wow al  hlnow vored dente woll | sao 
loot Wo ryote ody whan voqeeng of ban aiamert 03 
sour rola Boe dove vt xoteqietl alt Wo tae 
Juliresd stax ieimeidon tssilsgrind att Toyaem 
*arrork cldprae dials bevel ail oeoits te bobalontdasslse 
telus cite saolT oto yfavveed-orlt ondlt eited «.. 
eoitinn otyilt zd Infill ad ot eonsinanon ododt 
voli tA estioded 410 Bree0qe todtio omasad 
bommprtq oratlew lninqimes or fnvtitiqe horetarg ow 
tot eatlinndt Worhund Leterat velixe tol exvboeonadl a 
emeqgorg tis Ta ban awnies eroslbareit -tinilt Joos. 
lo smuivor] wittvoddgte ot Af sgriton doot has ~ 
bee tod teelie vitwut ~eose neil 
ie 20 tA eo bowbase nove oo% —.yteyaoll 

. dicovivenesT then paiaewST . 


vorsd bebrod-yors enoty sit baw ae, | 
nr ylbommaqar avad vi middle f, . 


oH sedan wd 0) builsahic «tron vow eanitodol af? 
oft ai aaMae Ylinntetée “faalyadie) aoob " abrow adt ol laa: 
anetno') Die 0081 snag aitibam qhum ea ted “ronson Yo ba 


enone wh “umitegaialel as! ou we 
WE oe Peer 


“mT 2 dgwads ote Jmnllonxe aidt gaihrinncd $ 
wll hasnt seningn ait ni begeges iovom yitelent = 
og ont ob dinting alt sie te tt teratheh etalT oa - 


THE NOBILITY. 167 


tioned. He could have obtained permission to 
remain in his native country as long as he lived, if 
he had been willing either to dispense with divine 
worship, or to feign one contrary to his conscience ; 
but he would rather endure affliction with the people 
of God, than live in the enjoyment of temporal 
advantages. He was, theretore, obliged to sell his 
estates, of course for half their value, and even of 
that a great part was wrested from him by law- 
suits and other artifices. He went, with the 
knowledge and consent of the Emperor, to Breslau 
in Silesia. Soon afterwards he was informed, by 
an imperial letter, that in case he should be obliged 
to leave his present abode, he was permitted to go 
wherever he pleased, but neither to return to the 
imperial territories, nor to join the enemies of the 
Emperor. 

The Romanists called all those who forsook their 
native country “ Emigrants,” considering the name 
of * Exiles” much too good tor them; and ridiculed 
and blamed their indiscretion, as though they had 
not been expelled by the Emperor, but had merely 
leit the country in consequence of their own obsti- 
nate blindness. Butthey were not permitted to be at 
rest even in their exile ; for on the 18th of August, 
1628, a mandate was issued, in which the Emperor 
complained that numerous persons from Bohemia 
and Moravia had only gone to Silesia and Lusatia ; 
and asserted that he by no means intended merely 
to expel those obstinate people from Bohemia, 
and tolerate them in the incorporated territorres, 
Ile, therefore, commanded their further removal, 
on pain of immediate punishment. Those who 
had taken minors with them, were commanded 


| 


wily saod'T iu 9tyilogmi: nieg vo 
_ bon mes ie ree, Rae 


va *eTUBON eu hed 
Fens Inwiado, sued lave” Sil te 
VW jbovil of oo wal en CitHoo ovine aid Ai siggy 
surtvils tin geeqeih ot gedyig wiilliw wood foil wal 


ail Live ot bugis ahead WOH sunuavha 


7 1g.aevs bing alae torts Wink aut eeTOn to aytans 


od! “Miw sony af] sooing vailto. hse esine 
wlan wi Wega will ie Tee ba eplal youd 
ye -bomicint aon ol sihawindin nook HA i 
hegilde od Lilworde aif Geno Ai dugly ott dara tm 
Og or Derilirisg exw ail. shodp timeceriy el vusl oy 
ons ie teeny: oy Toiltiso gpd ebosmiley oil apie 
old Yo ehlmsn oly iO), OF 200 ,actrotiraa) Ankeny 
Aorqind 
toils Joo ofa eos [fy belles etsimaoh oil f 
surat OtlY wists )iteous “Alacra * yuo oviten ~ 
bolovibty Lure ; ated x0 Loog ood dani. “eatixt Yo 
bad youd sgueits 2g Housoabai aight biawld ~ban 
Vortourt bod to! sorsgind yey ¢d tediogzs trod tou 
stele awo* tia) Ip SOON poeO® ib YINod orld Sol 


rormpardl ott doi ai bosyeni a obibnum ¢ eal 
simodo mot orig *voTounE tal) Lowivl gman 
pained baw gieslic: 0} ste yuo hud sivetol, ban 
Ylssom bobs) 


elit “mol algog staninde owed tao a 
earrotriot homequooni wily yi toilt stereos bee 


Aevemios wily hail Lobinernwy_ yvebongele alt 


168 PROCEEDINGS AGAINST 


to send them back, or in default thercot to fortis 
all property which they might yet have a claim ta 
in their native land. 

Immediately afterwards another mandate ily) 
peared, wherein it was declared, * that all Protestant 
wives of Romanist husbands should be banished 
from the country, unless they embraced the papal 
religion.” But as none of them (for not a single 
case has been known) were intimidated, and several 
Protestant ladies were the wives of great state 
officers, who were not inclined to be divorced, « 
further indulgence was granted them. But by an 
edict of the Ist of May, 1629, it was ordained that 
this indulgence should not extend beyond the death 
of their husbands; after such an event the widows 
were to be disinherited and banished, and in thic 
meantime they were to be excluded from all wed- 
dings and other festive meetings, or at least to 
occupy a lower rank than the Romanist ladies. 

To the first mandate of July 31, 1627, the 
Emperor added the following remarks: — “ Let 


no one imagine that this is done for the gain of 


money, or to deprive others of their property, and 
not for the honour of God and the everlasting 
welfare of our subjects. Yea, we hereby declare, 
in especial grace, that if any one (which we 
do not fear) should be opposed to this our g@ra- 
cious will, he shall, with his family, be per- 
mitted to leave the country without any diminution 
of his property. We also promise, that if any one 
shall be unable, during the given respite of six 
months, to sell his property, or to collect his debts, 
(wherein, however, he shall be assisted by all the 
courts of justice,) then shall such an individual be 


a eG ele als li oo Melita Binal: accel 


nat AICS. os i ih tis NORA Dehn tube A 


Tehiaos, SORTER ORG 


‘ae : 

tihel of teed) Hotel ol re .dond mat Bisa’ 6) 9 — 

) ino ore tox scbgidy veel iividw yreqoty Ha 
. Last oviter tight ab 
“je aabaom wodtenn ebewtadle ylotibomml 7 
mpavtotl Ls tott’ Jbatnload sew 1 aisod ey Sotneq 
tales! od bless ehuuwlent! jettantes Yo esviw | 
hajery oilt bygeadum vods salen ritnuoo ott mot: 
ante i) ton iol) ated? to anow en toll ™.qoigiler 
liars hne tatebtntn: sew fexond udod endl dees: 
wits iso to savin ott cow sathel toptastord 
i desovih od ot benifont tot stew wile jenolie 
ve yd wl .mailt betiesrg <0v sesglubad tedyut 
tolt homie enw J: GSO1 vel Yo set will Yo duthe 
titel ult baoyed hastes tod binoda osneglwhat eda 
evoliw odd jasro nu Age tote ; ebamlend tind? to 
ait hive beleive! ban berbroifatetl od of stow 
‘bow lis mot bebelory atv sew quilt omiiaesa 
deol tn to 2gcitoan svites! toto find egaib 

esibel teinainost odt ands Bier tewel « yqwaod 

ody .T80f {6 ylal to siebasnr ged ody oT 
tL" — ; sdemen pairelldt off “hebhe toroqart 
le ating ads sof aco) & sit tarlY onigomi ogo on © 
haus vqrraqorg risit io edo svinqsh ay we yenoar’ 
gubzaliave ot bag. bot) Yo ssomed ade 468 dor’) 
“rinlooh ydatol aw yet 2r09jdue tee WO eriiilow 


ou doidw) ome yea ti tadt + wucges itt , 
“ery tno elit, of hoxoqqo ol |b (west tor Ob 
- d.yliansl ald dtiz Slate af” Wir ei 
noivitith yan tyodtin vireo silt oveal od Novia” 

ono You Ti tort oan dal: oT Uttoqenig aii to 

tie Yo otiqeat, movig ot guislh olden 2d Wada’ 
idol sid toalloa ot yw fetrsyorg wid Toe oe i” 
wl ie yl Lotwiven | + xd ovewoil ” 


o0 Tnwbivihat te ilove Hadls coils (ooisin, Wo atten = 


THE NOBILITY. 169 


allowed to choose one from his acquaintances, or any 
other catholic man, to whom he shall give full 
power to manage the sale of his property, and 
the collecting of his debts.” Here, on the face 
of the record, justice seemed beautifully tempered 
with mercy; so much so, that not only did the 
exiles accept this mitigation of severity with thank- 
fulness, but it also produced an opinion in others, 
that the banishment after all could not be a very 
ereat hardship. But these were mere words. For 
first, what could they have to sell who had already 
been muleted of their all by heavy fines?* And 
then, if any one had some immovable property 
yet remaining, to whom could he sell it, when so 
few, in this time of war, wished to buy, and espe- 
cially when so many were quitting the country? 
IXven those who remained, were already nearly im- 
poverished. On the whole, though there were some 
rich people among the Romanists, they were by no 
means inclined to furnish the exiles with money, but, 
on the contrary, desired, by destitution, to drive them 
to despair and apostacy. Moreover, when a pur- 
chaser did come forward, he scarcely offered half the 
value, which the seller, having no choice left, was 
obliged to accept; and the purchase after all, was 
not made with ready money, but by bills and 
bonds, with which the exile would have great 
difficulty to appease his hunger in a foreign land. 
Those, therefore, who were possessed of villages, 
country estates, vineyards, or other landed pro- 
perty, had no alternative but to entrust their pos- 


* [t must also be remembered, that dishonest officials 


frequently proceeded with greater severity than Ferdinand II. 
required, 


Neel tended ut 


- a 
CO! | Tien vin" oo a0 
one To onalssinu pon stl cron gato, a sf 09 he 
ffs? svig Hede ol guoily ot Oat silonday Tov 
bas: .erieqorq eid Yo olga od} wzedan Of Tawi 
cenit oft oo owl “Yerdsb ‘eid 40 Bnitoollos oy 
horngarot ~lisibitised boeesey sci32u; slaves ort YW 
4 ot bib vino got satis 02 dou 0&8 ;YoI9Nr din 
7 =ditadi ie eifwire fp moidirgition aids tyson svliz» 
oe ci muluige aay haoudong ole ai tu: ,seonts) 
=" 0 3h tout Libido Ie tails jnsindelaad out duals 
wT dinow sow ow ona yf gulebtad teory 
Viole bel ow flee ot oval vats blues tele aevit 
bid, Seon verso 7d Ilo sind? Yo betstynr mood 
Vreqorq oldevomuit smos bal suo vor i cewh 
oe aodw ti ile sf bluos mode. of Beiginnar vy 
“ses bite .ynd oF borlety stew to staid zicdt. ai ses) 
Tynes oil Btinlirp s6% Yau oF gydye ‘nia 
“att Ytasa ybar lest y .beninarst oder od! nv 
yinds s19% dt5ltiyuod? lod od oO shaders vo 
00 Ud Siw yout eseinsmoH ody Biome alqow doi 
dnd yomoin ditt eliza sift dein 01 bociloni eawsin 
inoils Sy tb 09 neitutpesh 1d hanieab Vietnes off ne 
“ig & apy owromel/, “Pakoge bie tiayesh 01 
ol Vad buritio (hvvanoe of Lregraglomes bil tyenuly 
_ new Mol ogiotis on yaived soliee ait, Hoidy. ulus 
av [le ratte vendbourg orl, berm i998 Of boyildo 
bun etd gd dud 24qour {hem abiw shea jon 
dnoty oval tvow slixs oil Hoithe drive jtmod 
Mitel neioit 9 i tpanud ed serena ot yalisoitiih 
PPanlliy Yo beeneeoqg ute only tole? eo 
“oq bebanl toile 10 ebisyariv estates yrues 
| : “eon tical Fesrdies Ov syy wvitenrtsan om bil sett 
| Mejvihe deanodsih “Yaild bordinounn ‘ou: ole deme ot 
fA bmonitegt sal senna tiation rae 
a. 


; . 


170 PROCEEDINGS AGAINST 


sessions to any friend they could find. These friends 
had, then, the property assigned to them as thous) 
by sale, and engaged to send a yearly remittance t 
the true owner. But as almost everything was per 
mitted against condemned and banished people,tenip- 
tation was close at hand, and many learned by sii 
experience that they had made choice of faithless aud 
deceitful substitutes. Some indeed returned secretly 
to arrange their own affairs. But no sooner was it 
known, than orders were sent to the district-go- 
vernors that all Protestants who exported grain from 
Bohemia, or otherwise disposed thereof, and received 
the money, should at once be seized. The exiles, 
however, who had any affairs to transact in Bohemia. 
might petition the anti-reformation-commissioners 
for permission to return. But we may judge of the 
nature of this permission, and the restrictions under 
which it was granted, from the following copy of the 
official instrument :—“ His Excellency, and the other 
gracious and noble commissioners, appointed by his 
Imperial Majesty, our most gracious sovereign, for 
the work of reformation in the kingdom of Bohemia, 
have learned from N— N—’s petition, the object 
for which he requests permission to return for a 
time into this country. The commissioners, enter- 
taining good hopes ot him, have granted his request, 
and permit him to come hither freely and without 
molestation; and command that no one shall, for the 
space of six weeks, interfere with him in his affairs, 
on account of his religion. Under the express condi- 
tion, however, that he, the said N— N—, shall, im- 
mediately on his entrance into the kingdom, appear 
in person before the commissioners, give an account 
of the business he has to transact, and during tlie 


“he world ass eooelt ot Pie — m9 7 
in suction ybiswy a have or bogegiy baw “itive ‘o 
nf aomepeltrrrevs teocgle ae ww sumwo oupedt) 9 - 
qaratalavony baileiond (ure bommahaes teniege better 
ine ad hortwel yreen bite Inne 34 oeols enw noitad 
iran seabalyiat 4c yauioity wha bal yarls todd eonaheque 
afta bony ot Amahich pate eointitedsrs Litttignab 
thasw tanmoe ea itl etnilte: ad del} ogenrts 08 
«wy-tohiteh att of anoe oie? elite wads saword 
wert ater leyeqae oily enraastor (le andt esonter 
luvrinont bas Joorerlt heros eireite to atoll 
eslize oT -bosine ad sono as hivods yotomr odd 
wieredof] at gomenett of ists yon bad ow pevowod = 

sonoiesianrog-aoltaundlet-itia oir notirsy tebpiar 
ala We ogbu, yam ew ind arisrtst of moieeinmiog tot 

whe agoissiniest silt bin: ,foiectere elt Io owaed 
ail lo xqeo gatwollut oilt not -Lsticgerg anw it doitiw 
wiliesd? bag rosea aH *—: saventteni Iaioito 
el vd hoawiog nigieeiaines sido baw panne 
wt dryietsvoe tout 10" (teat Introqanl 

robgratlodl to Ben “ault of voitelrt6ty Yo ‘drow edie 

mojde oil? aoititey 2'—7% —7 et Hewat Grad 

# vo aden Robsinniag eran od Mold ad 
“cite ersttoiss siT Aap eile otni unit 
denpen eid boterrgaved lil Io exyou booy geiint 
Jnodiiw Dan sae li ona of mid tierisg baa 

silt wt lish anne wit tad? birsmaros brit ynoimtestoar 

driifie aid aj quid Mibir orstrotat alos aie songs 

-iheog aerrqro ody tabi .cotpiter ei Yo-témooon ao 
“om flaile —Vi ie on oily oil Silt vevawod ,woit 

wage anobgabl sonnias id songleteibonr - 

Jamon us ie eco dotesimn isos oil) srolad goers 

ols guith bio tosemed oF eeil oil =r 


a 


THE NOBILITY. 171 


time of his sojourn take instruction from spiritual, 
pious, and learned men. Should he then, at the 
expiration of the time granted, become a member of 
the papal church, by a penitent confession of his sins, 
and partaking of the sacrament in one form, then 
he shall also once more be received and acknow- 
ledged as a subject of the realm. Should such not 
he the case, then the time for his stay here shall in 
no wise be prolonged. For this is the irrevocable 
will of his Imperial Majesty. Given under the Re- 
formation-commission at Prague, Ke. &e.” 

The flattering part of such proposals deterred the 
people generally from ever again returning to their 
native country. They had no wish to approach 
these dangerous snares, and therefore they could do 
nothing but leave the church and their cause to 
God, the Judge of all. 

But in order to restore and increase the impaired 
condition of his kingdom, the Emperor filled up 
the vacancies occasioned by the exiled noblemen 
with individuals chosen by the clergy.* These he 
raised to the dignity of “ states,” gave them thie first 


rank, and consequently allowed them precedence of 


barons, earls, and princes. This was a thing hitherto 
unheard of in Bohemia. He moreover abolished 
all the laws of the country, and framed new ones, 
which were speedily published through the press. 
He declared his willingness to confirm all the state 


* He also created in 1626 about sixty new earls, and 120 new 
barous. Martinitz and Slawata had already been made earls. 
On the new nobility of Bohemia and Austria see Menzel’s Ilist. 
of the Germans, 773; but on the ancient families consult Palachy’s 
Hist. of Bohemia, ii. 2, 7—24. Lichtenstein was created prince, 
and obtained Trappau and Jagerndort. 


ne 


—— 
= Se ae 


~ Bhtnae veri eit at 2ul) wl. hs wl waive wn 


itt ROR awe on) 
leuritiqs mont sviraurtest shed . eruoitie 

Aid te tect} of Lfuosl ent beats «Leen 
46 doidinaat w yinessd -bodeerg amid od) Yo Aoltmiqns 
tie ail bo soieediuus turstiasy a yd wdonuds Sauery alt 
ald 040i) 200 gi Jepederm gilt Yo guidarsay bien 
-wordoe tne bagignsy oe Hom sonid oxle [inde oil 
dou done binede ~cspleor wily Yo josie ws 44 boyhut 


“9A oil abu werkt) vttseiaM Jertoqenl 2iA V0 Siu 
"68 2 ouweus} 18 dtotteheveos-toitmural 

HN batratoly alazoqoiy vous te TUM gatrtiol olf 
lt oF galery Rises 79 mort Ylhrseey oiqowy 
Honegqe ot deiy ou bul vadT  ontanes aviven 
ob Lives Ys Srolotals bine oe anual yard) 
OF saves sight bie dois odd onal und Deiilion 
os dle Yo vghal odt bot) 

bevinqett aft setsroni. buy waters ol vob ai tol 
q! belllt somgarct alt snobyuia. aid Yo noitibnos 
Hontaldon bolo ods + Lnotengen eoinenogy oth 
ad sod *.yyruly els eT awewdls abunbivibisi Diw 
Nee ould fired? oxwy “ saiata tq length out or brwieet 
lo solbeosty vyosls bevolle vitempexno> Lie dives 


680 Won omar bie ASC wilt Yo emehods Ila 
Ssoid dt tywords Leileildug libmaga oven alsidw 
Sinte ait Hie arxitnoo 01 seouncillim eid botulosh of 
Walt ORY bila sabes Waa vires tnvoda BSD al hetyats nate aBt * 

Altes sham wadybaioe bet xinwalZ act 
ASU + inaole sua inion Liew siursitoll Yo eallilon woth a pom 
*yilvala’) sluvanos aellinaal tvinwe alt a0 aed TET) snaurialh ody Yo 


0) botnera ane | it eT LY ' 
. ‘hobaraul baw vaqgen't 


172 PROCEEDINGS AGAINST THE NOBILITY. 


privileges, with the exception of those concerning 
religion, the free election of a king, and the exclusive 
use of the Bohemian language in the public courts ; 
his object being to destroy by degrees both the 
language and nationality of the people. Laws were 
also enacted, whereby the property of those who 
could not legally make a will, should fall to the 


crown, and that the male sex should, notwithstand- 


ing any contract of marriage, retain possession of 


secular estates. The object in view here was the 
promotion of an alliance of Bohemian ladies with 
foreign gentlemen, or the new nobility, whereby the 
ancient families might the easier be deprived of their 
estates, and their very race be extirpated. This 
was proved by experience, when several rich heiresses 
even against their will were united to aliens. For 
they determined in every way to suppress the liberties 
of the country, and consequently men were treated 
like brutes. 


ay ak, a 


= 


AVLMHOF TT TARIAGA AOMERADORT oir 


| unietooney sends Yo motqeors oat hie eraplivtig,, a 
ott? norgiten 


ovteuloze ad? bas wold a to sola orl 


Lerwoo sildeg aii ni opeigael maiomdol, sds 7o-oan, a ~ 


wilt died eysrush 7d “otiesh of ‘omrinxd foojto. air. 
orm enat Algoog ait te thiiemaitens le sgnugmal 
ow sot lo “rade sdrrdomie foinene oaks 
oly ot Tht bl iw a sdow yilegel som bluuo 
brotationion bilge 2% oloor ois sett bing savor, 
to coating gis: soeirraet lo dominop yas gai 
ot enw grad weir ai tide oT aoran salangs 
deve asibal saiomdsT Wo eateilla aa Jo moi 
colt ydesody piilidin vod ili to ng ngid 
viods to hovingob od saiens orltadyint eilianst Yasions 
ad?  .bowepitze od s90t ae silt bos, eotetes 
exeotiol dot Inve mili oonstoqzeyd bavonpasw 
10"L ~ .ansila of batinn stew Uiw-tioht teniage sve. 
woinradil oft a2anqeue oF Yor ero ni benkewiob yoda 
betwen o1oe ont eltinan perros bee ppiewes add. Yo 
: 7  eotund oil 


= © 
. 


> 


= 


2 


7 , ‘ 
if 
= ew a 
> 7 a ont 
D- 7 
9 
a a 
q my) _ 
“43 _ 
> etnies oo i a 
oi a ee 7 
& 7 - a oe | 
aay, a == ~h 


OH ATE Revel 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANTI-REFORMATION COMMIS- 
SIONSRING THE, TOWNS sO) BOR EMIAS——PRAGU E—— 
KUTTENBERG—JUNGBUNZLAU — LEITMERITZ — KO- 
NIGINGRATZ — EGER— SAAZ— TAUSS — ROKYZAN— 
SCHLAN — PRACHATITZ— LEIPPA — GABEL— NIMES 
—— Pah DU BL, ib EN Se Wea Sle OG aS kacANLs 
—-EXTRACT FROM REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONERS 
—-PERSECUTIONS IN 2HE STEYERMARK——SUBFER= 
INGS OF PROTESTANTS IN POLAND. 


THe manner in which the commissioners of the 
Anti-reformation proceeded with the towns and the 
citizens, deserves to be specified by some historical 
examples. And we derive copious information on 
this head from the “ Book of Persecutions ;” the au- 
thors of which were eye-witnesses of the melancholy 
events they have recorded for the sympathy of 
posterity. In the 90th chapter it is said: ‘To 
subjugate and tame the so-called heretics, they bur- 
dened the towns with governors and imperial judges, 
without whose permission no one dared to move. 
The former were of the nobility, and the latter of 
the citizens. But what kind of people? Of course 
only such as could be had when native Romanists 
had become a rarity. Banished Italians, or Germans, 
or apostate Bohemians, gluttons who had squandered 
their fortunes, notorious murderers, bastards, cheats, 
fiddlers, stage-players, mutineers, even men who 


ee eer 


yee eee ee ee 


4. 
ation 
an Se 


IY #8T¢aAnO 


“EIN INOD MOITAUNOISRITA BUY VO POwidizoon, 
2-170. I—aneed ao Rewor Shr on Kor 
“04 —S TENTS Oe witeMarros 
——BASV AON — Besar i K4et— WI —ATA RAIS 
MIMI — SST — 1.191 — STIPAR RAT 
TABTOMINGLOL — J 221d — Reese —Stgegad — 
ENA KOMAIMILOD ANT 10 THOS ORs TOANTES-— 
“AAtTs—-ABLMNAYATS aur Kl eecorT a .aeeA a — 
GMAIOL “4 STRATeaToOag sa By. 


oly 0 erauoieimotos oct. doikw ni conan anT 
sit bie artaed walt ilsir boboqoony goitmemelan- ita h 
Inotiozisl ome yd bultiosg> ad ad aorr9acbchitxisis 7 
NO Non .evOIGes oTrish sw hak Zolqoinz 

“08 Silt "5 enottirse 4 Yo stecll “ oil? moi baad ails 
tlodonalenrads to 29229: u-v79 osm doidy Yo morlt 

le vilyagrirrs wilt yot bolmoowm oyad yorlt ates 

oT” : bigs at ai ta1qado 08 ot al (tiv uny = 
“tw ‘yorls 2oitsrel Lellno-o# od) ome hen otegujdie 
sabi lanaget bas conrroy diwemworods baw) 
rout ot betah sao oa nvizeiueng stvilw auodstu 
to teil odt bes -rtilidon oft Yo-vmw some of T 
wT09 10 Salqosy to baid 1udy aod anssitio adh 
SeitaioH svere gsdw bed od blues. em sdoue elise 
utlerok) 16 venteithatl heodleinntl Tika w ouroagd wut 
brobaonpe bail ody scoruly znsimrilotl wed “ye 
@iwoily huastend ei9tel riven eOiotOn eonittel 
lw nor nove etssninnm vi caly-ogute elliba 


174 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


were unable to read, without property. wither 
home, without conscience,—all which ean be pray, 
by the most striking examples. It was enoneh th: 
they were ready to venture every thing, and |i 
promised the Emperor to act, though faithles-ly, 
according to his wishes. Their names would y/'- 
lute our pages. To such people then were every 
thing in the towns consigned, and on their capric: 
were the town-councils to depend. No public 
complaint of disorder and confusion was of any 
avail. At last it was perceived that they could no 
continue thus, and the governors being removed in 
1624, the judges alone, assisted by the military, 
were entrusted with the business of guarding ani 
furthering the progress of the imperial plans.” 
Their next endeavour was to reduce the towns, 
as it were, to a state of destitution. And well they 
succeeded, by their unheard of extortions, which 
were continued for years, and enforced by military 
violence. Then, after the expulsion of the clergy, 
they began, generally with the assistance of sol- 
diers, to instal the mass-priests, and to compel the 
people to go to mass. They also prohibited all 
marriages among non-catholics. Thus were many 
carnally-minded people every where enticed to 
apostacy.* Such persons were also admitted into 
the town-council, though they possessed neither 
talents nor experience. As the number of the apos- 
tates had by this means increased, and the town- 


* In France also they gave, in 1685, the converts to Romanism 
particular rewards, such as exemption from the billeting o! 
soldiers, and remission of taxes and excise for three years ; the 
promoters of such conversions received considerable presents in 


moncy. 


Se ee ee Ene Ne Ene OTIGT OD NON TE WENN CTD TMD REVAL HUTT MERE TTC TR WN Ys: erete wee ee Ts 


ial hal kA SE a 


EP cat 


lle hetiduforg’ oele Yad sener of he) ot ob 
“te wow eolT soiloslito-n01 gaome eee. " 
ed 0 oe 


4OUT/RMOTIN-ITHA ANT ee | 
houltiv vmoypeny tuodiw ban on sldmia’ sow 

emmy ot mnie Hbshte Ho—opnainsoos ivotlihw’ atrod 
vit tenor aw 1 colqueete gaiditte sou ot yd 
bil dun gant yore gummy on ybass crow yodld: 
leila dydedt san of wera sit hezimorgq 
my binow ewer vied T 2udletw all of gnifricoos 
enees ‘row vigil? oligos, Moe a ergay 100" stul 


ree Te) wn die bmereiacos ev wed adr wt gery 
whtog Of tatu of ellowoaiwor sdt emp 


tan Vo air wieullsos” bmn’ sinners Yo rg nl 
way Lhveg walt testy bavinoiag ena $F geal thi 

i) hevomear -gried socrtsyeg silt baw aiid suditaos 
nmin silt yet Intzieet anol eeybot sits eeOr™ 
barn uatlinony O ssinend oi) ditw beteitine stw 

“sttale Laivequnl ot to eesrg01g odd Quiver? 

Hine! ah conker of exw_woynshas ixon tiedT 
voli fs bin Nhiwtiteab Yo + Wet 8 of "S19" ee 
uid. anotrinies Yo trwntae tad yi babewgaus 
runiliar vd boaadiay baa wboy* rt baticdlynon' view” °° _ 
smanalo ily Yo ucialyqes ait ye .nadT ‘ae ae 

Ave to soanthisens oid sive yMersiiog Mt ae a 
wi Iaqreoa oF bing afesivq-e2enr mals ee ot ,eraib 


W) bwsites sreda yes ofiqonq 
vie faniahe oxli oiow enacted A it ag 
vultloer pil vod) Jt — 


~aya oflt to sioner off a A ana a6) 
aitirod wild bas. shoenbsont <inowe eivly gd Bal ‘eta 7 


edad or wpe — er poramanlodios @ 
W qiirallid suds 


bie one a 


IN PRAGUE. 175 


council at the same time was composed entirely of 
Romanists, they began to act against the rest of the 
citizens with still greater rigour. 

The fifteen articles of instruction, cited above,* 
which were sent to the district governors for their 
guidance in the towns, occasioned great trouble and 
wrief to all the Protestant inhabitants. 

In Prague, the Romanists were confidentially 
asked by the reinstalled imperial authorities, if they 
recollected any unbecoming words or actions of the 
Evangelical inhabitants; and whatever was then 
stated, whether in truth or in prejudice, was at once 
taken for granted, and proved afterwards to many 
innocent persons the occasion of their execution. 
The rest of the citizens were informed by an imperial 
decree, that they certainly had, by their revolt 
against the Emperor, forfeited all their property ; 
but he did not wish to deprive them entirely of it; 
every one, however, was ordered to pay a portion as a 
contribution towards the expenses of the war. Each 
individual, therefore, had to state on oath the 
amount of his possessions. According to this state- 
ment, and also according as they were supposed to 
be possessed of ready money, each citizen was taxed 
with a contribution called ‘ pardon,” of 100, 200, 

1,000, or 6,000 eilders, to be paid either immediately 
or by instalments. In April, 1624, the rights of 
citizenship were prohibited to non-catholies; and 
those who had obtained such rights since 1618, 
were interdicted from carrying on any trade or 
business. This came upon them like a thunderbolt. 
Many were thereby quite cast down, and forsook the 
Evangelical faith ; others were reduced to beggary. 


* Page 150. 


1 ok NR Ae iL A ater m aL Vere War Namcied as 
sa os Any lt AL cd gs at AA ON KC BL PA RRA i ae en 


Sh AD AI A A ie Mat Ae Ab 


enn Oe Otte 


gee > Tinhrshataey gret etabcamedt vik Sigel wl 


avi ADDART Wt. 
oe yhetitas ieeoqinos aew oni or 
oil? ty teat oct Jeninne too of . rr 
TWoget tatu y Hite itis 
“arodn botio aeitsentead to maloista amet Te 
ails rt monmog saints od) ot” tae Srsar thuishwe 
bite o)dvond tev bewereanso arwe) sdt-st ionebiog 
eitasidedai. tenmetorT edt He ot lott 


oth as. 


rh W esitingdine. leivoqart bollatanive ads “70 boden 
Sd1 to euoitee 10 sian Bodmtoodehms yen boteotlor 
alt eee seein baw sc etestidednd heittoouced 
oe da eeu .Saibuyyny vb aod ne aly fotate 
‘waste of einswiete bovonp han sbsteers vel onadng 
Aeiinee2s “rslt lo noeesv0. at BNTIC. Siren 
luboqutius yet borrwtat sew euasitio vito torn ol T 
tlowsr tis) vd bed sdmigrs Nol jotld opi . 
jwwqorq. stivdt Ka betistial rrowgied ot jeeings 
644 to ylaxiti sraslt ovitqab. or dete ane bib oil suet 
# 20 nono" 4 yaq oF Dxtobio sxe sorewe! oun wT89 
fond 261 ods t9 eoatogap att abremodaroltedit tas 
ot dino no state oF bed jowhowule® Lou bivilns 
"ae aight ot yuilyroos dé, | ahomenend ail to dno 
ot eet nsw 7sdt eo uitbtonn eale fit duced 
bexrhean qaxitix ions vowout qhnst to trowevereny sf 
O0S00T Io." obra hulleocneitudiniaes -& die 
Ylorathegman ail sic busy ad A toblty DUO 10 000, F - 
to etilain odd 2091 finpd al stusarlieni “ed 40 
hae japifoieo-ton. oy irssiishone -orew -epfdbeirnsivis 
AIOl jeans. stilyir dows bscintder hed ‘otha cemilt 
10 slips, | no sciytine mot: heii opie 
Sodrsimgidt w-oatii cert Hoye setae etl ssuniapl 
26h Soca BAR payiob s249 olip ydorody som nll 


‘pat oath * =—_ 


176 TUE ANTI-REFORMATION. 


Soon after, (May 29th) placards to the following etlect 
were affixed to the doors of the town-halls in all the 
cities. ‘‘ His Highness Prince Charles Lichtenstein 
has heard from credible persons, that several of the 
lately expelled preachers are not only secretly con- 
cealed in the neighbourhood of Prague, but that they 
also cause the people to assemble for their pretended 
worship in houses, gardens, and vineyards, and thus 
lead them astray from the obedience due to their 
superiors. As his highness can in no wise suffer 
these things, after the dangerous rebellion that has 
lately taken place, he commands the judges of his 
Imperial Majesty, to use the utmost vigilance on 
the subject, and whenever they hear of such assem- 
bles, to employ a troop of soldiers, and penetrate 
into the houses where such meetings are held, 
without regard to the owners, and seize and im- 
prison all preachers, readers, or singers. We have 
also heard that Picardian songs, and so-called 
hymns are sung in the public places and streets; 
all diligence is, therefore, to be used, that such shall be 
discontinued, and that no one sing any thing which 
is not prescribed by the Catholie church.” 

In order to reduce the number of Protestants 
by degrees, and intimidate those who remained, they 
resolved first to remove the most influential men in 
the town: these were the four whose names have 
been already mentioned.* Seventy others were 
banished soon afterwards by another edict, and several 
hundreds were expelled in a similar manner; then 
their enemies paused in order to observe the effect of 
these proceedings on the common people, whom they 


- expected to manage easily enough ; and such was 


sal wn 


i 
| 
} 
i 
| 
) 
| 
i 
| 


MTOR ATH OM 


evilts gatwoliut sls or elnoonly (4102 qn) gesting : — : 
«lt tw of alll-orwor alte cook ndt ot horlin wee rot 


cisterstdeil colin’) sonrtl exsuth gil ait a 


cA 


vit de phe 8 shitter of sulgnaeieal 
no oonaligit Jeoarte sift sen od orteniet elma? 
-1men Moin Yo yosd yadt terenotio load toephine set 
wero bas ersibloe Sooo volqam oF aid 
biol sur egaitean: dove erdw eseved oid ont 


perverts une sildug of? ai ge wen eemeydl- 
otf (nel home tails foe oct ot sidtenedt at comegilih Mie | 

dolstw guide qin gis cro ort tnd? bate Leewnisaanaib . 
“atiwds nilodsn) odt 7d hadieeny somat 
Sue Yo wdunn odt ebm of soho wh 


IN PRAGUE. 177 


really the case; for they were compelled to a 
general apostacy by imprisonment and torture. 
There were few exceptions of those who voluntarily 
left the country. Thus did this populous triple 
town, formerly so little inclined to Popery, at last, 
through violence, not conviction, submit its neck 
to the papal yoke. 

A remarkable instance of constancy to the Evan- 
celical faith in a very respectable inhabitant of 
Prague, deserves to be recorded. 

His name was Martin Schorkel, court-apothe- 
cary to the three emperors, Rudolph II., Matthias, 
and Terdinand II. and churchwarden in the Klein- 
seite. Tlis mother had suffered much, in 1595, 
from the anti-reformation at Graz, where he was 
born, in 1586 ; and she left the town and all she pos- 
sessed, with nine young children. After the battle 
on the White-hill, he lost property to a large 
amount; but was still retained as the court- 
apothecary, and hoped to be permitted to con- 
tinue at least his family worship, especially as 
the Governor, Prince Lichtenstein, who protected 
several Lutheran inhabitants whom he respected, was 
his very particular patron. But the Jesuits pro- 
cured an edict, whereby all Protestants were com- 
pelled either to become Romanists or to leave the 
town. Of this Schorkel was informed on the 6th 
of June, 1627. Many iniluential people desiring 
to retain him among them, advised him to change 
his religion, making him, at the same time, great 
promises, whilst others tried the effect of threats. 
But he declared openly that as in religious matters 
he would follow the commands of God, so in 
aflairs temporal he would obey the Emperor, and 

¥OU. 17. N 


Ty W0Kne 


nine bia SS ee ore 
vitietniloy ode seed) Yo stoitquoss w aw ol 
fet anolugog walt bib alT .yttages od? fl 
aul te per 0) benikott aftil os Chearidt wor | 
dose 411 timdye .naissitng? ton sanolote sguewls 
240 lagng silt ot 
_ seed silt of yountenos Yo sonatedi oldndsonnn A 
to tamidedad sidansgest guar on al duit leviloy 
7 debrover od at exrisaob ouput 
~ahiogn-tw0o jbodyideA giv eow oon all 
aniiieM UT dglobi ,eroriqme oailt onl oF 41K 
“isla adi ot sineriloundo baw bosaib'l baw 
CGE ni dlouer bestne bal wiljom ell othe 
eon oi sol str) io noenrliedian ols sort 
~2iny Sila Te lice m7ror odt dhol ole fw » GAEL iti rail 
olttod etft 19/4 ~ ovrblidy Bapor ont diy Loves 
dgtal Bot yroqory jeol od Mid-oth!W odt oo 


“any giver ort toe ortng salunituny yoy eid 
=m09 sig eiantesjorT Sis ydewle tothe a levy 
allt evwol of to zizteaioH omosul ot qoiliiy Deol bvey 
“410 sift no bonmclai 2ay Iodativle® elt YO" arwor 


an Siqosy Ioitnguftal youll XS01 aut w 

al Pe beeiths mods wioutn mht sidket of 

tir jonni? amiss only Yo rial gnidonr ,iolgifer aid 

ori Ye silt bein etyilto tality ar ne 

eortiun soda 1 o8 dodt ylanqo biraliob oil 

vi oz LO Ie eniamars oft wolfe + of _— 

bina ronsqand wilt da hiuow aif fe wii , we 
a . 


at to? 


178 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


therefore, quit the country. They allowed him 
fourteen days for preparation, but he went at th» 
expiration of eight, leaving his house, a beautiful 
garden, two well-stocked shops, (one in Prague, 
and the other at Saaz) and considerable outstandine 
debts. Having reason to fear that his children 
would be taken from him and_ placed in the 
cloisters; he hastily removed his daughter, and 
placed his son in the royal school at Misnia. He 
took up his residence in Dresden, and then pur- 
chased an apothecary’s shop; where he also suilered 
much during the war, but enjoved at least divine 
service and the communion according to his mind; 
and though he regretted the causes which had led to 
his compulsory departure from Prague, he never re- 
pented of the step that he had taken. 

It will easily be imagined, that these atiairs niust. 
at that time, have formed the principal subject vi 
thought and conversation in the ditterent towns. 
They led to the publication of an instructive pamphict, 
called the “Girdle of Truth,’ written by David 
Wagenheim of Altenberg, in the Saxon mountains, 
at the request of one of the exiles, whose spirit was 
greatly grieved by the apostacy of many of his 
countrymen in Bohemia. ‘There the reasons are 
stated why a true Evangelical Christian should 
seruple to become a Romanist; namely, the <deccit- 


ful and superstitious nature of Popery ; the sanctity of 


the baptismal covenant ; the present brightly shining 
Evangelical light; the becoming a very perniciou- 
stumbling-block to others; consequent remorse ; 
incurring the suspicion of hypocrisy and unfaith- 
fulness; punishments for the same; the example 
of their steadfast forefathers; the judgments which 


tenders ie 


comakaotaa-tas Set. | BME Any” 
mit Tnwoile tell - 7tuves dt Yay sae 


te drew ad Td snottie 101 -2'rob a9 ~s 
lorfitivicml a oitrot) aif galvinh: adams to voleviqna- 
wien? at eae aol: Irjomlian ont ad 
cuilueaton oheLcruisiecs leit (xag2 49 tolto oft bag 
wvtblity eit inde vot 0 cioeait yoiynl ~ asfeby 
aft ot besalq tou rt amet oodet od bloow 
ee In 2M beounae vine of setstaiols 
iH ake te Jooiloe Tiree orld ut poe atl Heaaty 
suny dul bea mobs ol dpaibian ei gif toot 
iokne o2fo sd ove jqodee creatine an eens 
aotib tel 18 Ierojas md anw ol? gata done’ 
bitin aif or -yoliniooe ‘wolmiimmes alt bag solve 
ut hol bod dairy esau silt horterger sf Pguodd ban 
“nortan ad vem l sort vurheqal yiozinginon ad 
amodet Truth art tol gate silt to baineq 
eon entidie doi!) 14 hontgaeni od vliens tw al 
lw Joajdue taqtoahy aly jemi? ovnd ant salt ae 
ayirul Tavitih salt ni wonesrevmos | bina ) 
allqisteg S7Boirteat os to aottathdig ads of balyedT 
beretl vd genie “slnnT lo tid © “edt flies ~ 
AietNOM HOAES od) x! rslolh Ve mindagge Ww 


err Anbepe debit weslie wily To ait to teoupot onan 


sito Yam Ie yorien yw oil) yd bevding yltnorg 
via endenst off orl! atrodotl at rourptinues 
bloods rath Taoitsgnnval sure eer etude 
Sheah oil qiatman {tinsel » octossd oF ohyotem 
lo Attonse oly > erage tw suitor euodtite ure bait 
notnidergtigind tesevny oi! : tiatsvoy Teaeityjed set” 
“Holi Wiens wiiooosd oil) ; tpt hasilegmev 
2 oeTomaY ae anni ot aint -gaitldonee 

ae ait gate 

| _ s 
y 


“inte bane x Yo neibig 
slqavars tlt + one 101 tap 
Moldy etrsenrg butt tion 


IN KUTTENBERG. 179 


have overtaken former apostates; the faithful in- 
structions received from their ministers. From 
this pamphlet we also learn the excuses, where- 
with the apostates thought -to justify themselves. 
They reasoned thus: ‘* Here I gain my subsist- 
ence; here I have my house, property, trade, 
and business; I still adhere to the Evangelical 
doctrine in my heart, though outwardly lam joined 
to Popery; I am forced—it is nothing but com- 
pulsion ; Iam forsaken, and can nowhere look for 
help, consolation, and satety.” As _ preservatives 
against apostacy, he mentions: earnest study of the 
word of God, fervent praver, contemplation of the 
steadfastness of others, and the expectation of 
heavenly rewards. 

The proceedings of the anti-reformation commis- 
sioners against Kuttenbere, deserve particular notice. 
It was at that time rich in silver-mines, and con- 
tained a large population, zealously attached to the 
Evangelical doctrine. I[t had also a celebrated 
Gymnasium, flourishing under the Rector Samuel 
Alectorius. The governor of this royal town was 
chief master of the mint, a baron or knight; but 
the church was under the jurisdiction of an arch- 
deacon,* in conjunction with seven other clergymen, 
When the religious persecution began, the fiscal 
revenues were immediately diminished, because the 
miners, mostly Germans, left the place. When this 
was perecived, the government entered into a treaty 
with them, by a document dated June 24th, 1620, 


* The Protestant minister had retained this title. He also 
provided clergymen for the nobility in the neighbourhood. 
Regenvolscius, 69, &c. For sixty years there had been no Popish 
procession in Kuttenberg. 

N 2 


asi os rehired ase 


7 Ny 
wt onsenarris mM 
“i fit od fannie veil 
mort  .erotetoien todlt omit Nh MOLTEN 
rie jssevoxe edt tial oly. sve doldgeteq aivty 
ot 
alT 


ear 


eoviovaoilt lites] on. adiguods aimteoqe gilt ulti 
viedue yt neg L rel sand? beaosnmn ¥ 

ohm .etaqory oaod got sve I arg ; doug 
logifomaav@l ody oF svelin. (ive 1‘; eontend be 

_-— pete, 100 F elite dapads seed war Aboantools 
ascites date gclthon <i ti—lodt ma J i etoqe'l oF 
14) AGol wimiyow may lee Modeetal an | phoidling 
ervacrmeony et “rhe Tune geoitdlaauos aptoal 

oult Io tzhutty teorruen : ewrodraniien al Hono sealans 

| ot te nuitely mesmo Tovey sravast. bow? Yo leew 


ee 


fo noitnieagz9 ad) ban. zriljio- te. aeoinathenn 
‘ Abin vinoqend 

“ako _noiieceibe-itay odd Yo 2unibeaoonp od'T 
Soitan sibyoitepetsacl mioaatio Ad tecloya evento 
“tuo Jum couiurrerlic ui doit omit tatht te enn 41 
» alt 04 baton + leuolaos Soiteluyog oywals bouias 
homdoloo uml had th cadistodh lgailegnaed 
loyuine oo wilt sshas-meldaieh ipizanar) 
bat acarot-layot vith, Io romaatog afl. .2ctrisolh 
Suidl j Sgt 20 noted \ar_,setien aiht- To -natewune brid 
+igte ne ‘to Hubiotb-inn] od? whitueenue domly ot 
tron pale toii0 cvroe alti seultomasfesees stk otter sls 
leet ald satzod soituopsrag, twurgifor alt teal Ui 
vil}, camped shuileiciraily: vlysmhboumiant atow eounnsrn 
cil oalW only old Shot eamcotd YLaour erosive 
008 6 otei joi iooom nh) drveisoved #nn 
ASO! ahtS oul, boich-soomunaha el ctrl sim 

cule OTT oli Wilt fowler Lad saidiniee tate T aT * 
-boolunoddgian gett ini yiitiden var ae fo fghederg 

Nequ't om aond had onl) exo eixieweD adh ab » 


Sx 


180 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


according to which the miners were to continin 
their work for ten years, and pay annually a certain 
sum; but were to retain during this period, their 
privileges and their religious liberty, and conze- 
quently were not to be burdened with the military 
employed in the work of conversion. This occasion«! 
great joy among the citizens, as even strangers 
hoped there to find a place of refuge. But the 
government broke the treaty in less than five 
months. The insinuations of the Jesuits inducing 
the Emperor again to quarter soldiers in this 
part of the country, under pretence of fearing a 
rebellion, they arrived on the 6th of December. 
But the citizens, conscious of their clearly defined 
treaty, were extremely concerned, and requested by 
petition, that in order not to lose the miners, they 
might at least not be treated with violence. Instead 
of an answer, the governor received a command, on 
the 22nd, to quarter in the respective houses of the 
burgomaster and principal citizens, as the spokes- 
men of the obstinate heretical party, no less than 
twenty musketeers, whom each was to maintain, 
until he could produce a confessional ticket from a 
Popish priest, as a proof of his conversion. This 
was truly a sorrowful Christmas! The licentious 
soldiers revelled in the richest and costliest viands, 
and tormented those good men in the most capri- 
cious and manifold ways. But their patient fortitude 
remained unconquered. As long as they could, 
they gave all that they had; and when they were 
no longer possessed of any thing, they either escaped 
further ill-usage by flight, or straightway delivered 
their keys to the soldiers and renounced house- 
keeping altogether. As government was thus foiled 


oh bya a aia 


VOITAMAOISS-ATHA ane Ce 


munition of sia stonite sdf astlw of 8 
cintos oy leeann veq ham wey sot tot A 

wl! iborteq id? puliwh aiste: of sow iedeaniia oa 

-pnwo hee ,vivdil saongil siedt bes angeliving a) 
yorilie walt (hie bemsbiod od of sor stan Yiinemp J 
hinoienono eifT .noienweitos to drow silt at beolqnts 

souarde pve ef erositiy alt wana yop Jerry | 

wit 18a WO sont & bo of pa ae 

ot nail) ast GF ytestt oft sdww) inommtevog 
vainsithal aigel adi to enoitcunien’ ofl aeyaour 

onli of amiblos werner 07 nimge ‘regent odd. 

2 gated to sonsteny whew seriemoo nil) To ung | 

wralyesotl to die silt no bovinia yards woilleder 

hoaish yitsels uled? to evoiseno> aqositio odd dull 

1d beaters bee barriscres ylumettxe si9w,ysaot 

yods satay oft) sao] oF don tsh10 at tail jotting 

besten] soasloty ilitw hotest od tom tenal te dhgtar 

a0 ,boneteroo # Laviset tommro old soware on to 

silt Yo evevodl svitongest ails ut Tastap OF bet ods 

-srdlone oft <n ossitio [nqiontng bas sotenatogead 

net zeol oo ymin feoitowd stenitedo odt%o moor 4 | + 

*tidiiem Of een Hons molw jetsctsdenar vlanws 

—® tett peavis lnstabeeRt ctor 1 soubor bigos sil fires 
edT .nolatovines 2id Yo Yoorqy 6 an tesinqalaigod -- 

enoisuesil sdf egartri!') Wtworws # ylart nw 
tbnniv tesiltaon baa teodoit ort nit ballaver esaibloe. 

<iqao teout-oils af sett boos sod barmonrto: baa 

obetinet trier tot 8 .evow bicliner ban avon 
Wino yo es groh eh hetnpioome Daniomen~ 

ary -yorls oth : hal potted dio oemy 

hoqnses todlria zoilt gasitilt yin to mat 

borsvilob yrmilgicnwa te dulgill qa oy if 

=o benvonn bam emiblos ols ot a ‘ 

boliohend? anw taomerven eA ny 


IN KUTTENBERG. 18] 


in its object, with regard to the inhabitants of 
huttenberg, they entrusted the prosecution of the 
~o-called reformation in this town, to Don Martin 
de Huerda. On the Saturday before Haster, he 
entered it sword in hand, accompanied by a 
troop of horsemen. Alas, the festival of Easter, 
was thus more grievous even than that of the 
late Christmas! The citizens, aware of the barba- 
rities which he had committed in other towns, 
trembled at his arrival, and during the night fled 
in great numbers for refuge to the neighbouring 
villages and towns. Don Martin then returned to 
Prague, and procured a general edict, whereby all 
who received or sheltered any fugitives should be 
fined 100 dollars. But this availed nothing. An 
imperial proclamation was, therefore, issued on 
August the 17th, announcing a free pardon to all 
those who should return. Some few ventured back, 
hut only to renew their misery. For in the year 
following, a new town-council was elected, consist- 
in of thoughtless apostates, (most of whom could 
neither read nor write, as for example, the chief 
Macistrate, who was formerly a horse dealer,) and 
with the assistance of the soldiers, they tormented 
the citizens to such a degree, that most of them, 
broken down by continual sufferings, were at last 
forced to yield and give the hand of fellowship to 
their perseeutors. But several others, forsook every 
thing, and with their families went into exile. 
Jacksek* thus describes an event, which took 
place in Nawysoki, a village near Kuttenberg. On 
one oceasion, when some people of both sexes, from 
the town and neighbouring villages, were assembled 


* In his work on Matthaus xxiv. Dresden, 1642. 


NA Radial a te asim la sl DN 0 ald enemas mt 


KN RN BALTIC A 


th va Sl a on 


a 
(8! ~ warawarren wy 
Yo. etatidailad only oi | iw’. : 
di to noidunesong silt Dutenatmyyaith arwuleeah 
nittal® met] at dat aiden} noise balloon 
of yiteod srohid vebrrte® off GO” inboull al, 
sy¢ beurgqmesw usd nt bows i beets 
sored Jo Lieitedt oly sulA  srortrostod Yo goon 
wit ty tale amd: ove Buerding vom vnl) ecu 
ao Sad Bild We wear anostily oT Pemetelil) orl 
aare) mile ni benimts bed sil doidw iti: : 
halt tigin al yaieh baw evi ail oe bolder 
pattwoddyienr ofz of eniien wt medindn leaty ni 
OF hariites molt mista wot! anwor bare eryatli+ 
ile yderaly soibw lasosg # bevrevnerrey favnet xtrqu'l f 
8d Diuods eovitiget yn berstlode do baviow vulw 
tA galihon ~boligve etd antl © audio Oot feuxi 
60 Done wnotvteir enw ‘wolteniloery tntoquni 
s-ot wubruny ovit-s piisaoenn 9T ot Jeary A 
aoe Inuteey wet mot anuter bludds oy soils 
Tay tt abo setesion sigily wonst bt ylio tut 4 
“teenies hitouls sun Honnes-ewot won i auivolbt 
binow mad io sos) jesimtenga seltitawods Wy wi 
luttlo tlt wlqarexs 16 a0 atiew ton laor todthns 
bun (aubiatyverod a vironrel enw onfie otertateuun 
bytnonter yodt wibloe ont to oartitelien oils din 
elt Yo wort tail) oorgab & Hove Ot eiesitir ot 
deal Ia om egninstoe Ipuaitess yd artob ude 
oF qitewollet to hsed oil ovty bag Hoty or bernwit 
grave Zoom srulte lervrse erabiremnerny aul 
"ES athivotui seo esilinn® tind diiie hen oni 
| door doilw dov7o tn esdroeol amily *dsxdouk 
ee OO. yeti ter sgelliy a idoepwnt ii swily 
: e mot xox Het I olqoog smoe aadlw naienode se 
lotdiiesean snow eSeelliv yeitaod dive bing 
=a SPO! coher vinx suadeiel 


182 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


in the church, for the purpose of hearing the word 
of God, and receiving the holy sacrament sii 
utraque, they were surrounded by three detach- 
ments of infantry and cavalry, stripped and scourged, 
and then driven out of the church. Deeply mor- 
tified and trembling, they were thus compelled to 
return home. 

Jungbunzlau, a town which had been non- 
catholic for almost two centuries, was regarded with 
an evil eye, because it was the chief seat of the Bohe- 
mian Brethren. In 1623, the clergymen were 
expelled, and a few Capuchin monks appointed in 
their place, who were indefatigable in alienating the 
inhabitants from their religion. But with all their 
machinations, during three years they only succeeded 
in collecting a sufhcient number of apostates to form 
a new town-council. In 1626, they had recourse 
to violence. They garrisoned the town with three 
squadrons of cavalry, and several citizens were 
immediately expelled or imprisoned. A formal 
banishment was announced, on the 20th of March, 
to Adam Trubacz, John Bukacz, and Peter Stehlik. 
In order to terrify others the affair was thus ar- 
ranged. The exiles were compelled to hold in their 
hands square statis, two yards long, on which was 
inscribed the nature of their crime.* The staff of the 
first exile had on it the following inscription : “Adam 
Trubacz is banished because he said, that no one had 
the power to force his conscience, and that he would 
not, like others, devote his soul to the devil.’ On the 
second side was written: ‘ You wished to expel 
your king, behold your king now expels you.” And 


* This old custom explains the phrases—‘‘ wandering stafl,” 


LAN 


(<« staff of exile.’’) 


hh st i re AR a 


eV shee 


ell ce Ua RS NY MAE Han 


ore 


shee AL ll el le 


FOITAUAOTAR-TTCL BT > BBE 
brow oily git Yo seoqnuq oft tot al mde ont ai 
Ane Ironman: vio! vil¥ palriosgt few tw % 
~Huitoh gon xd holummotue ary” yyely’ aig 
lergtuvove bin fects -ynheens bas ‘qhetatal lo gnsn- 
“rout Ylyoo doris att Ye me nevith ted) bee 
wt bullogeros sil) sia emit ygnilderwnt bom bobs 
pes asset ed ded wore Malvond gant 
ithe Soltagen ary euineceyy ont teenie a6 otloiddes 
emot wilt te jaue bride otie env tivenoed 79 live nn 
vow anygiels od? 80! ol aerthe isi 
i hotamqye edaom. nidonqnD: wot a ban hetlayxe 
alt gaitenetln at olds stihl wren one eunley shale 
siolt He shi to8 norgiler tilt pott etntidentnt 
lnbasnone yoo yadt exucy aonlrgoriuth irotnnidosen 
HriOl Of eosmieoys We tole tinisifine & gnitoollos ai 

eetiioom bad yelt S01 wk Lonwessawed one 
sould sive wien odt bonosirarg ‘railT asasiotr ot |: 
wisw enssitio lesyo2 bas prtheres We enotbaups . a 
deinsct A shaaosixqrti 20° lokiogew gteenibommé, © * 
slate, Yo: 21208 onl ano Jronvenny ear tromisined > 
Aililot2 t940% bite .xoedvA adel. ool orbA at 
“an ecily env chilli edt xtortto “fered: ob wybro al 
‘tsilt ni blod 01 budisqiitos o1a7 eslize oT vbognst am 
saw sotlw wo gaol ericy owt Zier supe ebaol 
wile HateedT: “outing aioclt to wruta ail) badinent 
nbd”: noitgizoes guiwollct silssi ne twud aixe teat 
‘herlaieainag 


Dinow oi seit baw yanuivenns elif sorol oF towoqedt 
“mit 1O "fivah vilterline sid ntovob atarlto Stil Gow 

Tages 0) benlaiw OP 4 peorsinw: wtp shiz buoavs 

“Male guimbasy "—emulgeedd euisiqes modus ee 


—_ 
OME, 


IN JUNGBUNZLAU. 183 


on the third, “ Learn to obey your God and your 
king!” This man had told those who wished to 
convert him, that his soul was not of straw, to 
be thus slightly valued; and asked them, if the 
Emperor could give him another if he should lose 
it? The staff of Bukaez bore a similar inscrip- 
tion; but his crime was ditlerently stated, namely, 
“John Bukacz is banished because he said, that all 
uew-catholics were rogues, traitors, and unfaithful 
to God.” It is not known what was inscribed on 
the staff of Stehlik ; for he broke and threw it away 
as soon as he was beyond the gate of the town. But 
this formal banishment did not intimidate the 
others. They were, therefore, summoned to the 
town-hall, where they were locked up in separate 
chambers, and then examined singly. One of the 
first was the town-clerk, Daniel Myconius. As he 
was about to enter, they placed the executioner in 
readiness with a sword in his hand; Myconius, who 
was a timid man, and fond of life, seeing him 
stand in the corner, promised at once to become 
a Romanist. He was then suttered to go home, and 
commanded to caution the rest to be equally obe- 
dient. Ile accordingly adjured his friends not to 
act indiscreetly, but to seek their safety by apostacy. 
Among the imprisoned were two learned men, 
George Kezel, and Heinrich Daniel Semanina, for- 
merly honoured with the title of Magister, and who 
had already held the office of burgomaster. These 
had influence with the rest, and encouraged them 
with powerful words of consolation against losing 
their courage through intimidation. Kezel was 
soon called upon for examination, and they teazed 


him so long with alternate flatterics and threats, 


AMA DSi a nt nh ALLI CHa ne RTO MTC DOU (CN SONORA i 8 rasp ance 


: a 7 
est AALSKOGORUT WE 
moy bas bo® awer yedo. ot srtgod ib 
ot heleiw odw sealt blot hed rece gid T 
ot yates to ton aww Inoe aid jad? soul herwes 
ads tt coals Doden ioe jhouley yltdgile sud) of 
seal bigoda ol Vi movie. nisl orig bisos rorsem 
“jive where n geod xosdoG to Rosa odT 4 9 
‘tiem betme tae anew BENITO aiid, turd 5 sri 
. ~~ He Jeds bine od etuneedt borletond st sogdcll fol,“ 
— iwhitistan ims stories Fen go sy. asilodsas-7on 

wo badPwant evr aghy wvoed jon et 31 “bol of 
yawe si veut ins vdoyel ol wal ; dililos? Yo Rate oily 
$978 .rvrot silt 40 Shay sly heoyse wy sil a6 to08 ax 
~ of stehiniat ion bib toomdeinad Jearwi nls 
silt, ot honomansse .vrolyreslt STOW yoilT -eroilte 
shire at gts bedool otow yod? oxodw lled-gwas 
wt to eH .vigai: boats nods bas erodurids 
of eh aninorrd< sian ,dtglo-mwos oft eon deri 
Mt woleiinosxs oii booslq veda tstde of svode sun 
odw wnitosy i, ; basil aid at browe a sti eesuiboo 7 
mld gates sil to bacl bag anc binit » egw 
onienad OF spac 48 hysisiong giaries odd ni~baste 
hae smorogeot bettie ag) epmald Jteisinmos] a 
“edo Yligupe od oi 2295 9:11 neiiass of belasmtaus 
Oh ton ehmait sil Leryi be Uguilaevos oli anvil, 4 
‘Wonteoqn yd ysstee tiodt asge of dud ¢linaioeibui don 
fiom hears ov saw bemoans oH pink 
“tot soimwniee Joinwl doinisH bas losaA oytoxl) 
oly bas ,rateigal/. to 9ltit oly doi elton 
Sell astesmonwid 10 site ; | ybwatic besl 
mot begruioons ben eo alt ttiw sovorttut bal 
Riteel Senings noitaloesoa Yo elniow Ivhewoy siw 
ent, lose Meinl nite: Hguowlt ogunpges aids 
— bosnat york bas woiwdimers sl roqu bullies wane 
minal hor eetteitah scene ahd gol oe uid 


184 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


that he incautiously asked for time to consider tl. 
subject. Satisfied with that, they sent for Semanins, 
who having already heard of Kezel’s irresolution, 
was only the more excited. George Pernikacz, i: 
grey-headed man, told him to take example froin 
Kezel. But he spit in his face, and said: “ Faith- 
less man, is this your constaneyv ?” He then stovi| 
before the anti-reformers firm as a rock, and so 
did also the others. Kezel, too, when he reflected! 
that some day his shame and contusion before thc 
judgment-seat of God would be greater than now 
before that of man, gave a decided refusal to those 
who waited for his apostacy, and was, therefore, 
once more imprisoned with the others. One of thc 
most firm was Bartholomew Lang, who solemniy 
declared ‘“ that he would rather fall by the sword than 
renounce his religion.” He was thrown, into a hor- 
rible place, which formed the torture-chamber of the 
criminals. Here he was confined for seventeen 
weeks, while the licentious soldiers during that time 
were revelling in his house. One of the im- 
prisoned, George Smidarsky, fell ill from the stench 
and confinement, and died in his cell with pious 
resignation. The persecutors would scarcely permit 
his body to be buried. As they could at present 
gain nothing from the firmness of the Protestants, 
they dismissed them at last, and gave them time tor 
reflection. The persecutors were, indeed, some- 
what more indulgent, because in this year (1626) 
Bethlem Gabor of Transylyania had attacked 


the Emperor, and Mansfeld and Bernhard of 


Weimar had made an irruption into Bohemia, 
with the army of the king of Denmark; and they 
informed the inhabitants of all the towns, that it 


rh ai lh le ah ata s 


f 


IN JUNGBUNZLAU. 185 


was not his Imperial Majesty’s will or intention to 
compel any one to embrace the Papal creed, but that 
those who were not of his Majesty’s religion should 
have permission to emigrate. The inhabitants of 
Jungbunzlau consequently were enabled for a short 
time to breathe somewhat more freely. In the year 
following, the Hungarian war being ended, and the 
Danish army driven from Silesia, severe measures 
were again everywhere resorted to, and the follow- 
ing command was sent to the burgomaster and town- 
council of Jungbunzlau :-— 

“* Respected and beloved feiends, we have been in- 
formed, that several of your fellow-citizens are still 
opposed to the paternal exhortations of his Imperial 
Majesty, our sovereign and most gracious lord, as 
well as to the salutary instructions of the clergy ; 
that they remain to this moment in the most insolent 
obstinacy, and reject the holy saving catholic re- 
ligion; above all, that George Kezel, and Heinrich 
Semanina, prove to be the most obstinate antago- 
nists of his Imperial Majesty’s will and commands, 
setting an evil example to all non-catholics. We 
therefore command you, in the name of his Imperial 
Majesty, our king and most gracious lord, to direct 
these two citizens, since they are chief heretics and 
sectarians, to give no offence to others by their 
errors, but rather to renounce their heretical faith, 
embrace the pure religion, and return to the bosom 
of the etholic church; and this indeed before the 
festival of Az *ension, or at least before the Pentecost, 
otherwise they are to lose their citizenship, and 
be banished from the kingdom of Bohemia. For 
the rest you are aware of the order lately issued 
by Prince Lichtenstein, governor of Bohemia, in 


Syst Pena 


We CURD atl 


A eam a UA A eh A I A I Sd Tee 


AMAL Ng a US a ae 


ee RRM SR LS le sb ne by macaw le 


te. 


fouid ybaak seine lf to saws seul 
| ai suvodoll oy saratog Hada date ot 


ne! 


Idwoile notuiler syien 


* 


Yo etuodlodut od? eteryins of moi 


nie ad 
oe 


“ai nood rrad ov ,ebasist bavolad bung bstoaqesdl * 
lite e16 emsizio-wollut 110% Io lergerse jody bourne? 
lsttaqintl sid YO cunitetrodza Lemrorne oil of boeoqeyo 
as ak euoiserg jeom hire peak Tuo rpeoalt 
* ¢gislo sir lo endliousieat yietulse ot oF 2a How 
Suolosti wort Sit ai tramone ato} pian oils tuult 
~o1 diluilies suivne zlod auls doajot Das -ronaitede 
doitniel baw JoxoA quiet) tail) tle vvoda ; woiyil 
“ORM ytitedo seont ort Od of O7 07%] .nitinome 
éluwarmes how Lin 2‘ yteajnlh leinag ml sid Yo asein 
OW © aalleleay-non Te oy slgames fiva ue pute 
mega Ret Yo ona odd of Hoe bawnnes avatorosly 
oth of Jol suwlyry seo fate guid suo yy teajnll 
Bits egiterad loiclo ae yout sumtie urosiiia ows sel 


‘ 
deogstnoT will srolad sano! 10 70 toler 
bun .qtilsiashis tidils osof of one Soils anlersedhw 
WH -siumalefl 10 molmcid ly mort hediaed 


ad 


186 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


the name of his Imperial Majesty, in pursuance of 
which all non-catholic, schismatic, dissenting, peace 
and concord-destroying citizens and inhabitants ot 
the suburbs, are to be deprived of all privileges and 
eivil rights. But you have not vet informed us, 
whether this has been enforced. If it have not, we 
command you, in the name of his Imperial Majesty, 
to accomplish the same, and strenuously to exhort 
all citizens and inhabitants, housekeepers and do- 
mestics, males and females, old and young, who are 
non-catholics, and still continue in their heretical 
errors, to have a regard for their temporal welfare 
and everlasting salvation, and return to the bosom 
of the catholic church, otherwise they will expose 
themselves to the most severe and decisive 
modes of punishment. If you promptly inform 
us of what you have accomplished in this affair, 
you will thereby prove your compliance with 
the will of his Imperial Majesty. Given at 
Prague, the 17th day of April, 1627.—The com- 
missioners appointed by his Imperial Majesty tor 
the reformation of religion in Bohemia.” 

It anpears that this edict was not enforced, or at 
least th. t it failed in producing the effect which the 
commissioners intended ; they, therefore, issued the 
following on the loth of June, which is still more 
stringent and decisive in its language :-— 

“We were in hopes that you would have exe- 
cuted the order which we lately issued and for- 
warded to you in the name of lis Imperial Majesty, 
and that your non-catholic fellow-citizens would 
have renounced their heretical errors, and embraced 
the holy catholic religion ; but above all, that the 
two most obstinate heretics, George Kezel and 


Pavano Deane 


6 ae Fk al a a 


KOITAMMOTaR-ITHA BY” . Bal, _ 

ii vounneog at yen Al tetoqnal eb to oninee Silt = — a 
mum) Duet haces jilodsoo- not din dtd © ao 

ty toridatat bits eeesttle yrivoviel-Iookes bag 9 9 <—" 
las expoliving Me lo hovingah od of ote adrudua ods D ON 
/ ow teandtel pee tour ceed wor sill entire ivi 
4 uw Jon ovml Wl herds chewk anil ald todltiodw mad 
. eon lnlioac! te onan ate ab aroy boameton, : 
| 
' 


me 


’ FeTTita love etree oily detlavound os 
hire ersiqocniseuo senonihtelar fae aneaivig Lhe 
wi ww sscwot bat blu asteanit ban leur solteonr 
betwen! ted? ni suciiies ie bow 2oifodtes-nos 
tavilow Lrrogiser sisi wt fewer werden Od anes 
meaod odd of ntiiet bie wolteriie pelenliove bow 
toys Mier zal) wtiodte dotiily silodltno edt to 
ovieiooh Loe stevie dsm silt ot eavisamarty 
mice ylqay wey VW soomdeeny Yo esbern Mts 
‘nite anlt at teletiqnguoi: arait wey sedw to aw 
iw sonailqaioo amore oveny “dont Uw 
iw fovid  oyalelt AIpirqnlseik to diy ode 
=o wT — TOE gh to gal) Tl gifs pogerl 
ww) ytasialt Isitequadl eit rd hstaieqqy eramoieinr  < » 
* bio @ll a volgile to worden: od 
itd Jhanrotes fom” wke-avilis silt tacks emmaqea 
wht douty sashes ods gitiouhony ai baliat si ale denal 
. wilt baweet ordtorsdt sty > bolo? eppromalmmnos: 
wont Nise 4 did unl to slrOt ont a) watwolict 
—! ogniruteel 4ti ei vziatooly fer pa 
saxo ovad Dlnow voy tals evyor ti omw Se 
“wl fue bovest “iteP eer ilstiy wehaw wily boty o- -” 
eon, Inivaqits) ext hy onrn dpa woven bolruew 
_  Nhnew anowitio- wollet @ievliuo-nem querg dale bin 
leemudias bow sors fideo tilt hoo awsome gvnd 


inl anil tin ovods dumb ; ailoding ylod ode m6 > 
bi fasod syipat? maha aan ih : = 


‘sp 


IN JUNGBUNZLAU. 187 


qeinrich Semanina, would, during the time granted 
Jicm, have made auricular contession, and have 
vecived the sacrament as instituted by the holy 
ratholic church, namely, under one form. But we 
rear, that these sectarians and other citizens of 
similar opinions among you persevere to this 
moment in their incarnate audacity, that they reject 
our holy religion and saving doctrines, and that 
none have adopted the catholic faith. There- 
fore, as it is the will of his Imperial Majesty that 
such rebellious subjects, who refuse te be of the 
same religion with his Imperial Majroty, shall not 
he permitted to enjoy the royal favour, or to dwell 
or carry on anv trade or business in the kingdom 
of Bohemia: we now peremptorily command you, 
in the name of his Imperial Majesty, not only to 
deprive these two schismatics of their citizenship 
and civil rights, but also to banish them forth- 
with, without regard to person or rank, from the 
town, and the whole kingdom. On the day that 
banishment is announced to them, or at least the 
day after, they must quit the town before sunset, 
and also leave the whole. Bohemian kingdom, and 
never return, otherwise they are to be most severely 
punished. We also further command you, in the 
name of his Imperial Majesty, to divest all non- 
catholic citizens and inhabitants of Jungbunzlau of 
their rights and privileges, and to interdict them 
wll further sales, purchases, or civil occupations. 
You are to give the strictest injunctions, that lence- 
forth they shall not resume their former occupations 
Without our permission, unless they shall have pre- 
viously renounced their obstinacy and hereti ‘al 
errors, and that every one shall submit to the wil 


OE RBA 6 Na A eS lc 


ie iat 20 ee 


SNM as ate hd nam aoe J pveter 


tar Vaashutom wp ee 


7 jth tet sao shine Ylomna ylotwils offerte 
lu assithp tilia. Gam ansingiogs 
alt ot wOveRIY ROCHA endiniyo relia 
tya(or zordy auch velo HRM TO) ai Jomo 

bea unruyols athe Lee goiviles viouw te 
“wil shit oiwittan, oult baxigahn oval snow 
anil? gtenjnbt larescpand eth Yep Tip wily v3 tt en rd 
Wt to od -~w sasiios sualyy Aaashie etimiilodon ou, 
fom Tne yt. teh leeicomcpoeed ads) dtr noigite ota 
fiewh of w tava fore ott yojne oy Lintsivneracy ond 


Ho’ Laknrngs Vlitotgarrmg wou aw t wlniwbak Wy 
Ob Udo Jom vriesjalh luteal: aid Young silt i 
qilettontvin sively Jo e9itiemetibes wy goa) avin ib 
“ATG ced? laine ot wehbe tue arlSix livin tur 
od? cme) lier 10 Homogq wt bieyre: Modsiy ethiiw 
jnilt. oh ot 20 aolipuid sloity oils ban ros 
oily 


wil Mf aro'y Lircwientes snlrtt oly olf dvvibeimng 
“ton Ea sayily 99 “Ysera loivoqial sil lo swagit 
10 wilsaudyewl Yo aTudidibed bap atessiziy eer 
trols Joibyotsi ot Lu ogoliving bea euler qi 
SHOR fivig 4 enon ole reds) Hy 
eat 4 Mou ini teay 
viohegeeee Ted) sin ueey You 
“tg oval Witihe yosls. sesl iy | 


lirviterod fingn, dts | 
li ‘th at dndind Yoda 9h 


a . a an 


188 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


of his Imperial Majesty, embrace the catholic rm) 
gion, and prove the same by a testimonial from |, 
father confessor. You are once more. strict! 
to enjoin and command in our name, that byt 
end of June next coming, they shall, without in 
evasion or subterfuge, embrace the holy catholi 
religion. Every one is to make confession to 
proper catholic priest, and devoutly and reveren- 
tially receive the sacrament according to 1] 
Roman Catholic church, or be expelled in a <i- 
milar manner from the t- wn and kingdom. Your 
request to remove the soldiers from your town. 
shall be attended to; only take care that all your 
fellow-citizens so much the readier embrace the 
catholic religion. By so doing you will, one and 
all, find safety here and hereafter, and fulfil the desire 
of his Imperial Majesty.” 

Of the Lutheran clergymen, who suffered with the 
rest in the Jungbunzlau persecution, the most distin- 
guished was Johann Fleischmann. When banished 
in 1622, he went to Zittau; here he lived four years 
in great indigence, until he was appointed first 
minister of Reichenau, where his father, David 
Fleischmann, had previously held a similar office, 
from 1591 to 1606. In Reichenau he laboured 
from 1626 to 1652. We have a beautiful memorial 
in the town library of Zittau, of the learning and 
ability of Fleischmann, consisting of two valuable 
Greek manuscripts, which he presented to the 
library at the commencement of the Bohemian 
troubles. One of these manuscripts contains the 
historical books of the Old Testament, together with 
the New Testament and Josephus’ treatise on thie 
Maccabees. A learned Greek, who saw this codex 


VOITAUNOISR-ITZA BUT Ul 


ho oiliities alt ooerdare yeohll Inivaqenk sid Yo 


vl inet faigemiieot 6 yd what ott oreny Dine roy, 
lhe’ oto sono ste eT ; sweeten todtat 
wud Jal saan toe ot bemmuroy baw niojas ot 
wi dwosktier Unite volt POttlinoo trea saul to base 


viniiny vied od? siadat jogrtstlee to aolesyve . 


 vosestaoy sdent oF et otto etd ooigiln 
werent Ghuersh bar sit oilodtes t9qo1q 
Yo of Relltos Jnvercisus ot wrisson 
ve at Dollagrs od 30 omds stole mone 
wet acolgild ber av ot oir mottaseeem win 
Avot t00y mol eribioe aly evened oF 
mung Mo tet ota gaet vino ; ot ‘behaorw od fede 
alt somtders aifnor oil} dosat 08 ecoxitio-wolldl 
hon sno fiw nox guivh we YX .notgiler nifodsas 
atieob ody Talal baa aftieeroil bers ore vies bad Ihe 
“redza(nl. Saimieptnl eid to 
silt dsive boroitue ode srowrrels ceredtuad odd 10 
“iter seont odd roituosereq unlsedgaul oiltat test 
bedlettend ool  maneeilyeiof unetlol enw bedaiwg 
mnoe inet byyil of sted ; vattiN of sed od SOT at 
tet iptaiogqa sew, oi littn sonvyibal teeny ni 
Wee jsotltat atl owiie .recwiloiefl Yo @otaiaim 


oto wwliatia ss bert ylesorrorg ‘bed sunesmioeil TL. 


fwtrodal of usnglot nl .O00T of £080 snot 


(trou lutimesd s avadol/ StOf of OAL mot 


fine goimeol oft Yo wutiX lo -rutdif ronads at 


Wileuler owt Wy yitelanan canst te ytilida. 


wt ot tetmeng st dsilw sigiseimem dsod 
“ihiietoS oly to taontannontmes a6 typiordil 
ait enictony enytoenent Bent? te onO> weldvow 
Utty sxltopot tisommwsT HEY old Yo etood igatenaidl 


22 


wit no oeiteory ‘aniqozol bes InomateT wall edt - 


whey tilt wus ddy don bentwel & andaoooM — 


ely 
i) 
es 


Penalty 


IN LEITMERITZ. . 189 


in the year 1725, while on a visit to the Zittau 
library, placed a great value on it, and supposed it 
to have been written in Athos, in the 15th century. 
But the learned Professor Matthai of Wittembere, 
to whom the manuscript was lent in 1801, judges 
it to have been written by a learned and careful 
man at the beginning of the 14th century. It has 
already been made use of. The various readings of 
the Old Testament contained in this manuscript, are 
viven in the Oxford edition of the LXX by Holmes, 
and those of the New Testament in Matthai’s edition. 
The other manuscript otf Fleischmann contains 
twenty-two Dialogues of Plato. 

In the town of Leitmeritz on .he Elbe, now the 
seat of a bishop, since Leitomischl fixed it there, 
utraquism flourished, as in many other places even 
before the time of Luther. As early as August 21st, 
1517, the citizens unanimously and publicly agreed, 
for the sake of concord, that no one, even though a 
native of the town, should be allowed to become a 
citizen, if he took the communion in one form. 
Should any one advise the repeal of this law, it was 
deerecd, that he should be deprived of his citizenship, 
and quit the town within the space of one month. 
For a whole century this law remained inviolate. 
But in 1617, two tools of the Jesuits, Mrazek and 
Collen, who had purchased houses in the place, 
solicited their citizenship; and meeting with a 
refusal, lodged a complaint in the Chancery. The 
Chancellor, and the Secretary Paul Michna, imme- 
diately summoned the first three council-men and the 
town-clerk, whom they received with the bitterest re- 
proaches, and kept in prison for nine days, until they 


| yielded citizenship to the applicants. Five months 


2 haste eaten 


val » SNARK I Ge : 
weriS oli of diz n no olisder 29% moe old 
1 besoqqie bute ti ao salay pidinae sei fool =; 
“Yisiies iO) ada ni andtA ai nettinw cosd svn wt 
comolowint to laltel. aositord baswual ol stl 
ephn) (08! at tqolear rqiwenmom ott modln os 
Liisi fen howwol vl sonixe ouod over o8 4i 
ed fh ptevegs dtd adr Yo guisniged off 36 asin 

se Fsiben avery aT Noon eh ooed vbenla 
wre toMosuaera ett? ot boginiaco seometesT IO ails 
endo ed 7X1 adi Wo noinibo badteO ould al avtiy 
oad addnel’ ai somal weit, sily'to sso bos 
acteinon miseulostylt to iypiroavenm tgylie -nl'T 

O16l"] to eongolal owseyniow! 

ul) wor dIT ott. ao stixguntind Jo aero oft af 
rot di bexa. Ldeeimotind sonia ‘joilzid s Yo tee 
novo essilq todio vost i on ddeiwol amivgende 
lS targus. on ylons aA, xodbind do sprit oct oreo 
rhesus voiding bus vlavoutionay epsitio ot T1601 
4 dguods neve sao om Jatlz ,buoomoo to adie oilt 
# sumoood of fowolls od flworde ares silt lo ovisau 
mirrd yao ni gotenorsoe wilt aloot of ti aroxitis 
enw at wal ids Io Iesqor ody osivha ono yous Itvole 
djtilenasitiy sid jo bovingsh od bhroale sd sagt ,bvotmel 
Hines. gg lo so0ys of) aidiiw acyon ot sinp Juve 
Maloient honinmer wal edt yautne olulw wl 
bie Asst. etiveol ods lo on) SLOT ni suet 
easly ala ci eosuod fe: q bod odw arulle’ 
» tiv gaitsom bae ; yilemosisig sig lorivilos 
oT, sypponel') ody nian pt bomghol Liver 
~outredt ,eailpthl, lin) vinteaao# alt hee, rollosuel!) 
o(lt bing agti+lionvos seul: sexi alt boos yori 
oot Sevrotteleds ilti hwvieor qailt cod w 


Aglare 
silt Niet Vit ost gi aq pean ee 
sear OU tebe, oa: bobhvire | 


ma 


190 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


after this the said Mrazek was chosen town-councilli 
He was of course necessarily obliged to remain qui: 
as long as the Protestant states continued in ary 
against the enemies of the Evangelical relivion , 
but took courage after the Emperor had obtain. «: 
the victory. At this time he was raised to 1). 
dignity of Imperial Judge, and continued to oppr -- 
and burden the inhabitants of Leitmeritz in ever 
possible way. But they endured all steadfastly mor 
than any other town. Deprived of their Evan- 
gelical clergy, they neither attended the Poyi-!. 
worship, nor were any of them induced to apostatiz 
though two artful Capuchin monks, Valerian Gro-- 
and Franz Rozdrazow, were very zealous in ti 
work of conversion, and held frequent conversations 
with the chief men of the town. 

As nothing could be accomplished by these mean-. 
they had as usual recourse to violence. On the 
Saturday before Easter, 1625, a register of all the 
citizens was sent to each, by a sergeant, with the 
command, that every one was to attend sermon 
and mass on next day, and also on certain orhicr 
festivals in the vear. To prove his attendance, 
he was required, on leaving the church, to deliver in 
list to the clerk. Every case of disobedience was t) 
be punished by a fine of fifteen score of groschen. 
But even thus the affair did not proceed according 
to their wish; and at last they procured a greater 
military power, and began to enforce their plans 
with the utmost energy. An order was issued that 
on the festival of Corpus Christi, the entire com- 
munity should take part in the procession. Paul 
Stransky, the town-syndic, was burdened with 
whole squadron of soldiers, who completely pillaged 


| 


OP AON-IRA ORE 


ss . 
wollen inet meaty enw dome. bina ods eitiefis > “oa 
iy nicapye ot bepihlo ‘clPtasernor setvion Yo aew okD i=? 
wih 1 bation ehite ttmteeth ody 2s gael ap 
varie lositwennyA aff Yo euinties veal setings - 


witile Dial weg ont mite yeeros doottud 
(000) betiet wre oth gets aha th ysatnty salt 
“yo OF honaton baw soshwl leimnpadl to yriagit 
ein de enmstidadte odt galyud bas 
viltt ehiesihieote He hovers pot sol ware of 
oi watt Vo deerqall sewed wads Yn Hy 
et ode besheetn tothivon yale “eel (eatiag 
maratonyer OT bygulaed mosty to yin cow von glthenow 
) anivala? 2dnom ullovge’ lily ows dyiodt 
4146 enolass yey! weW prosethsosl- suet bar 
“HORT HOD Manpett blad baw somsvaeo lo dew 
two sd Yo nett boide old dtiw 
“ont seat Yd Dislethpaoson 9d blocs waliien 2A 
at #0. .sasleheos-sev0or (aver ey bait yor 
Vt te Vo ‘otetpen a 060d rosea’ wrotud yalvrrtnk 
all dtiv’ Sunegese on vd om oF t00" gai eusxitiy 
mainins bavite od enw eno wisro tly Iawuseitios 
Wwilto alartsy ao oetueding ral mom ne einen Lene 
emidbustrs sb gegen of ‘tens oily ab ahevitest 
“Hertel 07 lowly eult oni vest no -barskinpere ase ook 
‘Tet sanaibododth te sen yrovd drole alpen geil 
forlsorg 19 oroa/ wowH® to ood gozd howleletey od 
Siitoxes Lapse tom bit vieiim-oct sul neves awe, 
‘Aerts f Deuce yoult veal ta bis pileiwedieds op 
“ily tigdd sotolae (od pend fet 1S ey yuebllteny: 
Milt Juueet wey robots yx vary deonstpeatbaliien 
“too siti sult seb ano") Yo Lovitadd ave ieo 
tia" Horemsnny Often valet bleeds 


© iltiv honobid we , aot od! 7 
femgelliq vloralqricy aie ansthtoe'ts. morluugme-goitiy 


e 6 


= > d- 


7 = 


a 


eee 


4N LEITMERITZ. 191 


the house, whilst the owner thereof was forced to 
conceal himself from their brutalitv. They terrified 
his lady, whom they found in the kitehen, and took 
possession of it and the larder, and the wine cellar. 
They had, however, at last, to depart without exa- 
inining every thing, inasmuch as several chambers 
contained money and corn collected for the crown. 
The officer, however, sealed the wine cellar, and sent 
for wine whenever he pleased. 

Stransky is celebrated to this day as an historical 
author; he belonged to the Moravian Brethren, and 
had been imprisoned on occasion of the above- 
mentioned summons to Prague. He strongly 
resisted the order, that all the inhabitants of Leit- 
meritz should become Romanists; and then held a 
public controversy for two days with the Capuchin 
monks, who were considered as learned men, 
declaring that he would rather forsake his native 
country than his creed. He remained, however, 
in Leitmeritz, until he had arranged his-accounts as 
collector of the crown revenues. In 1626, he was 
commanded, either to embrace the Popish religion, 
or to leave his father-land. He maintained his inte- 
grity, and departed, first to Pirna and other Saxon 
towns, but ultimately to Thorn in Prussia, where 
he settled ona small farm, and procured for some 
years a miserable subsistence from agriculture. But 
his talents being perceived, he was appointed Pro- 
fessor to the Gymnasium of Thorn, where he 
laboured ten years, with great approbation. He 
died in 1657, in the 75th year of his age. But this 
excellent man still lives in one of his works, ‘ De 
Republica Bojema,” which was dedicated to the 
sons of the Palatine Vrederick, and is a very 


AE A a 


1el ATIRSUTIT BTA 7 
of heer: exw ‘wereit? sonwe pily-settilwr aml wily ,* 
boitinvd yod'l . sila sind ential Ironing 
toot hire socal od i drwet vor mola prhel sid 
Julies ssi ddr uw salted alt baw it Yo 
“wee tention Yaqul-op dank in aveswodt bud x 
cies hemi an dyneonk ead yore pawns 
aren ot tet bovelloe mas bar yanom byaiginon 
ee bie inliog sabe wilt halaos perenol pooite ofT 
. hoewaley eh awranstty gare sl 
Irnirossiel ie an rol allt ot herwrdalon ei y deiner 
dan owt neunel, old ot haguolod ol proiliue 
-svods ot io nolenoe cio handstand sosd Ind 
Yanosts oH siren T of. enamine bounituom 
“titel to atantidedai alt le-awilt bw adr bomen 
W biei molt boa ;esiaaneld. aniened. inode stb 
siouqe) oily itive eal goes wet yeroroiie sildug 
wa charted 32 .beebkaee wen alw ~daom 
ites gil sdierct aoilte dslnow ob tedt gnisalosb 
cerowel sbocismetoH howe. eid madd ettanes 
en etnnoo.zid hogeurrte hub tigen sctivomie! wi 
enw of OSOl ul 4ouseret sewer od? lo to19ullos 
ptodgiler Weigel oly opera on vadsis ,hobpnennies 
intel henivistorn st lwleasitat 2d sve of se 
wonne tnlior bon cul of ged bevisqol bin veting a 
aol sie l nt arrodT os yboaanrisie- td: en aos 
once Te baw bos veel Mawr 6 no holy od 
ted sountlaoiegs soi) oonetaisdae uldeweiin 4 ene 
ond hertioggs san ol bowiextay gaied ctasla 
otf ovulye sre!) Yo sruisamqayid silt Of eed 
OH uraktideng ps inorg dtiw aan ast bonuenleil 
ail sui dogs cil laren tS ode mi SOOT ai bende 
aL" anew el to oto as) aovit Mle dens iuyllowes 
ult ot bowepibol, eo tkpidwe‘ woihdnqo dd, 
vier oat hae dotobou'l . dt Yo snow 


| 
| 
| 
| 
. 
| 


192 THE ANTI-REFORMATIO®N 


valuable compendium of Bohemian history. Sry., 
sky was also a Latin poet.* At that time Bol: 
not only lost this great genius, but hundreds of |, . 
best men and most esteemed authors. 

The greater part of the Protestants, indeed ali: 
half the inhabitants of Leitmeritz, followed 
example of Stransky, considering it best, thi: 
to obey their superiors without violating their e:;. 
science, and went into the neighbouring districts «. 
Misnia and Pirna. 

Konigingratz, a beautiful and large town, |. 
its Evangelical ministers, and received in their ste. 
a very clever archdeacon, John Colestin, who fr - 
quently assured the people, that he did not appro: 
of compulsory measures, and flattered himself ia 
others with the hope of being able to arrange ti 
affair in a peaceable manner. He, therefore, visituc 
the citizens, or invited them to his house, and enter- 
tained them daily at the banquet or gaming-tabl. 
very agreeably and facetiously. When, however, 
this had continued four years, without any one 
evincing a desire to embrace the Popish religion, 
he began to shew a serious countenance; au 
somahen for permission to call to his assistance thie 
Croatian ee who were then quartered in the 
town. The community, on a festival-day, bony 
assembled in the church, he explained the meamme 
of the mass, and invited them to join the procession. 
which was to take place after the sermon, addin 
several exhortations. But as no one would follow 
him, the Croatians suddenly entered the church 


* See Pelzel’s Bohemian Literati, II. 53, &c. which also con- 
tains the portrait of this honourable man, and several remarks oli 
the religious persecution. 


Pd ko as ll 


a pelle = 
ete eeeeeeinenestiinettii Te 


KuMAuMOTAT-KA BRT BOE 
ow stotad nuinedoll to sibarqines oldaaley St 
wall! oat ial LA *yanq itn Te slam o:.410 = 
Wy alobani jod evineg aeory zit tol yino dom, 9. — 


vse bee om bas aon ded : 

uli hoobai teomaoionh ald Yo m0q voteerg od’ | owl 
' hawollot yxjiesoniel Ym 2ruutidodat silt . Llad 
ol! eo it gattishienos .rdeqwa% Jo. olqmiaza ; 


owe thal i uradtive erorvenpus als yado of 
i» «mab gaitwoddgieg od) ore tear ban somvion 
«et bre sto 
ih dtnwot ogre bas ivlitnwod a stirgi é 
boris dais ai Lvvionws law atoteinim looilogmeytl ai 
Wf eda ative) aol .nooesbilora wyslp "ero 
pngya ton Lil od dese siqoeq oily byrreew yep 
wh Noemi boroilt) bas esiwensat eduqaten Yo 
vol ognarin Ob alde-gaisd to oqo! ads ply atdto 
vethir stolorab oH xecraut ollaeoavg @ ai-sicte 
“ne Dae sewed aid oF med hotlral co eesabtie odt 
dlueulitkg 19 doupeail of) ca yligh sted bsajat 
coum asd jylayoitesd baa “Hdvaerge yer 
wi ta juoiiw yeieey wot beveiseeo dod. ault <>. 
emigiler daiqod aft exerdiary ot otisul «. gnimutva 
now | sonmetuea Pole 2 wale op mmged: oi 
‘ol sonateizen ail og eo 08 noeinitty sat boilqqe 
wt wi besrmup asd? own od «siblos apitaod). 
Wiel ~ob-levitedt # mo wiayearaoa alT) erwod 
diiron oft bonialgxe silos oils. hold mngsens 
wibi-eioong ott staf oF seis boii) bus eager alt to 
Suilihe soured gilt sofleoowiq od62-0t.400 dole | 
#ollo) biuow ano a wl scdnnwdes Imre 
Werwils ot | Yltoblive savior) ot srald 


HOA only Soidw od CAT Mimathl eviusdott toate a ® | 
ean Lerees bee ant aide wrono.| aids Yo ity 
a a<iattay oogiaa aay “= 


IN KONIGINGRATZ. 193 


with drawn swords. The terrified people, afraid of 
ining eut down, ran half distracted towards the 
doors, but they were driven back by several squadrons 
of cavalry, stationed in the market-place. Thus 
they were forced, whether they would or not, to 
join the procession. Some few, however, made 
their escape ; and the whole scene must have ap- 
peared highly ridiculous to both parties. The com- 
missioners of the anti-reformation, in 1626, sent 
the whole Beiner regiment to Konigingraz, with an 
express command not to leave the town, until all 
the inhabitants were Romanized. The archdeacon 
was of opinion that the net should first of all be 
cast for the most respectable people; he, therefore, 
together with the governor, Trauss, went to Dr. 
Nicolas Acontius, who then lay ill in bed, and most 
peremptorily demanded of him if he would at last be- 
comea Catholic. The other replied, “As long as I 
do not feel any change in my heart, [I dare not violate 
my conscience.” The archdeacon then exclaimed in 
the greatest rage: “We have borne long enough 
with your insolence; you shall no longer escape by 
your sophistries.” ‘If you think,” replied the 
physician, “that my head is in your way, com- 
mand that it be struck off! I would rather have 
my corpse, in a half decayed state, drawn over 
the ground, and torn to pieces, than willingly and 
knowingly violate my conscience.” The archdeacon 
then rose ina fury, and ran out of the house. The 
Governor, previously to his departure, whispered 
to the physician: ‘Sir, there is yet a way of escape, 
the whole world, far and wide, is open for you.” 
Soon after, all the citizens and the inhabitants of 
the suburbs, were ordered to assemble. The gates 
VOLT IT ° 


Sd AL a lies 


OR OT © esirniney sited a ewolisthit ylilpit Ervisomy 


. THO atest joie boysosl Wed a yi D219 “gute 


* 


£Of  MTAROMOMKe A ae 

lo bigte Sleosdg ‘boitrrios oi = AC ae i ihe 
oh abinwor betpensth Weil tit wel sy ” 
sori pe langras yet Jond sovith won youl ruil seve 
eit enmlepradeoot ody nit henotigte 5 ; 
OF Jom) 0 hier yods oriity bes srw enlt 
Sha terewed ors amok aoisaon silt tioj 
“Ga sel tem see olovtw sily Lise ; dynoe9 tivity 


Atiee WEL ct tot anidatstan Mit Yo eronoieiin 
mnt ifitw sient ute ey rset Yutiofl olor oily 
He lint: arwor oily eyasl OF tm Turan senqys 
fosmlatote tT hosiamcnaH: oa Haatidedai ult 

od dla Yo aetit blrode tomar) tuify itoiniqe ‘to exe 
rdlarsils suf : olyoog eidatienysor tome oily wl tity 

OD O8 Ane yeni TP (ftommroy alt iia qodsyuo 

ao Gres bod ai yal asdy jury AuinOoA anfon%, 

ad dadl is luo wil ii wit Ww holances) eltroaq anor ny 

Lap guol es destiqan vthie sdT  2ifodin’) fh oimns 

atalorr ton wink I Massa eas ategitnits ya tot ton ob ae 
Mt dwcctiolozs itt) conmshidlowe al T * OOBYIeROD ‘yut 
ipvous gil stad ovat OW gg lestnotg sult 
Ud shoes gee! oo Hayle bey psonslozni roy diy 
wily boilger “aplay wy TU © eotstetilg ed 
“MOS Tat re? nti et hed Yat aeilt aaising ily 
ved walter bilyow 1 ihe Aowrde’sd ti viet buenen 


hue ylgnilliw aarts ngiq OF stat Livi: brwery oil 
at os ol “soaninaned gue-oteloiz vigniwedd 


“Wey to} # «hiv. bas ed tibiow oldie ott 
\ Sastidedat od) Lue asasitiqandytie ross 
eatny st usin a | 


a “Ts wai — ro oH, = 


194 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


were locked, and the people being called up sepa- 
rately, were assailed with the severest threats. 
The most timid promised at once to receive instruc- 
tion; others who refused were east into prison ; 
and soldiers were directly quartered in their houses, 
with full liberty to do whatever they pleased,— 
and they raged in the most licentious manner. 
The intimidated wives, children and other members 
of families, with their lamentations and _ tears, 
almost broke the hearts of their imprisoned hus- 
bands and fathers, nearly all of whom then lost 
their courage and fell. One after another offered 
his hand, and requested a respite, in order to 
learn the mysteries of the Roman faith. Thus was 
the town, which had so long been steadfast, over- 
come by the terrors of a single day; forgetting 
that we ought to remain firm, not in the dungeon 
only, but even in death. Among so numerous a 
population, there were only twenty-eight who 
preserved their conscience at the sacrifice of all their 
temporal possessions. These, together with their 
families, went into exile. Among this small band 
was Dr. Acontius, who caused himself, not without 
difficulty, to be lifted into a vehicle, and conveyed to 
Leschna in Poland; Daniel Semanina was another, 
who in the same place obtained the dignity of bur- 
gomaster; others found refuge elsewhere. 

Of Eger, where, asin Elbogen, the reformation had 
early taken root, Pelzel states, that Michael Benisch, 
from Friedland, the zealous Popish preacher, was in 
constant broils with the Lutherans, against whom he 
ultimately obtained an edict, that they should be 
exiled, not only from the town, but also from the 
whole province of Eget, unless they chose to em- 
brace the Papal retigion; and many were im- 


ax ventie site AE emanate ts vei i RR el Odo) aoa ea a. 


7 


rorawaoratirms sue. we 
coop gt Bakley gavel olypeq att bien; adsl | 
aterult tereve od? Were belawee, crow <yloiet 
-swiari avigves o) cnet ae boteenong, Diente seont oth : 


of alte nl jatiqes « bsrenper bea hecal 
we eel db onmell oda to 20rmiezat 
F 


sneer; otal tem case beniter oder 4 ze 
emcnvonl sods ai Leteonene th wren pare sveibice bos 
—tnanaly volt ol at ogredil Ili dtiw 
wanant_enuitganll geoct ava al boyst yords bos 
ere hits. mnoitaiemal vinds shiiw aailiandt to 
ant Tanotinqnd vod: to ervend alle colond taomla 
wal salt modw W fs clea eroded lew eband 
feredtin quilters tiles oa ee 

ove 


aisdlt tty Peeedttypue vil? 9 songiseans sipilt | 

viet vittw tedisga) .ccod'T ~-sioleewneg Loroqmor 
bued Han ely youl .olixe otal go aoilimal 
py te tof jlventid Ieuw adw avtiavnA «AG aow 
uo) hoysriter hae wivittov « oti haftil od o9 uluoifib 
anliont hw saltiams4 fined ’ se 
-1d Yo yiieegih at byaiardo sonlqy emo edi ai ody 

: sayifter bare exadio. j metememn, 


IN BIDSCHOW. 195 


prisoned in consequence: which was the lot of the 
~olicitor Jeremy Scherzer, father of the celebrated 
theologian, Adam Scherzer of Leipzic. He gave 
an example of constancy to many others, and then 
became an exile. In 1649, Eger petitioned for the 
restitution of its former privileges, or at least for the 
enjoyment of the same rights as it held prior to 1624, 
since the inhabitants belonged to Bohemia, merely 
by mortgage of the place, but their petition was dis- 
regarded. 

The events, hitherto related, may be considered 
mild in comparison with those which took place in 
the towns where Don Martin de Huerda, and some 
others, equally animated by Spanish fanaticism, 
were the commissioners of the anti-reformation. 
When this individual, with his soldiers, entered 
Bidschow, ten miles from Prague, he immediately 
summoned the citizens into the town-hall, and ina 
fulsome speech, recommended them to embrace the 
Popish religion. The citizens had empowered 
Johann Kolaeznik to return an answer, and he 
replied: ‘That it exceeded the power of human 
beines to unlearn and renounce in an hour, what 
had been learned and cherished during the whole 
life. Nor was it right to surrender what had once 
been acknowledged as divine truth, unless the con- 
trary should be learned from the word of God.” 
Burning with rage, and regardless of decency, 
Huerda sprang from his seat, and attacked the man 
with a cudgel, which he had in his hand, striking 
him repeatedly. Le then called the sergeant, and 
ordered him instantly to expel Kolaeznik from the 
town with degradation, not permitting him to enter 
his own house again. ‘This example of punishment 


Gua 


Lan 


ray wowreaia vi 
wit Wo dal odt em eboidy + sonai pantie nf Doionte 
lemirtdoles ort to rorltct aserinty® yeaa’ qosiviben 
Wig eH olagind Yo wetode® dmbA atyolonl) 
tall bow erotite vem of younteads Yo wlyines wa 
off Is) hunting ObOT nl alixe nv sitornt 
walt eA baie! Tie seepaltvhy aomtet 2 to motte 
PO Lod ortny JOON ea stebghn orn wlr Wé Utharzojie 
ae = Tiga mail od Dwgmebid asanticodnt ails soutie 
walls sore anitiase thos 1nd granite ail Yo vgeyrrous el 
sbealperygs 
lobiaiion ol yor: .bateler ovpéltil ztovy ott 
Oi atuily door alolite ozody usiw roaring wih Mia 
oer bon ,dbront ol) nttinM wot “sul wear weds 
ieiotund thingy? vd betaine ‘lone setodie 
Hoianraer-huit sity to eoneleiinne ely sew 
horstis jeviblos eid chiw Inwhivihot <li wod'l! 
Yidnibomati od -wikl mow tefier noi »wodeebill 
wal bow Med-twar oily onl eheitie off bonomanne 
wit samdits oF coed) babronretooes divacge outa nt 
beromegies bil east’ ofl aroigilen ikio4t 
of ban aowsue oa mist or AtesonloA anyilot 
nomad Yo ewe ode obeeieh Wied - bolt 
tale evo wn in vomoiet tnd thelew oF ronind 


dlody wilt gaitul beitevreits dumm ol pet bl 
vane bud Ini soleserue or sbytat ane io% iil 
109 Olt eeoline ire ontvib ee fee boFaress doe dtvrnl 
"bod To Beow ody neti fs od bivaiky ques 


Moneosh Yo szoliimge: brut oon alte sneered 

Han ott bostsara hin hve eid net yume obervinll 

ouidiane baggie oct efi hast od tet Sowhind w ihe 

fretee. 9 wit Lolins wodtoll  wiheieupet 

wl evo) aflaremabe A byes ey y Ltn 

10m of mud Quist dof noite 
stomdeinng Yoslgmage wil 4 

~¢o 


196 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


terrified the others. They were afraid of the man 
whom they saw foaming with rage, and promice:| 
to comply with his wish by receiving instruction. 
A few, desirous of preserving their liberty of con- 
science by flight, despatched some valuables, with 
their wives, previous to their own departure. The 
affair, however, was betrayed, and soldiers were 
immediately seut in pursuit, who not only took 
from the women, every thing they had, but also 
compelled them to return to the town, where thev 
were imprisoned until both they and their husbands 
had abjured the faith. 

The town of Saaz, where, according to George 
of Anhalt, the theological Prince, the communion 
had, from the first introduction of Christianity. 
never been celebrated otherwise than in both forms, 
and where the people remained tree from the de- 
baucheries of the Calixtines, was deprived of its 
minister, John Regius, and in his place they ap- 
pointed certain monks, who, with the aid of a 
numerous garrison always present, greatly tormented 
the citizens. This was not merely done by de- 
claiming in their sermons against heretics and 
heresies, but whenever the people neglected to bend 
the knee or uncover their heads during the pro- 
cessions, they were beaten on the legs and head 
with sticks, and their hats taken trom them and given 
to the soldiers. The burgomaster was once fined 
fifty dollars for neglecting to attend a procession, 
besides being obliged to satiate during three days as 
many soldiers as his house could contain with wine 
and the most costly viands. A similar punish- 
ment was inflicted on the council-men and _ others 
who also had absented themselves on this or a like 
occasion. On the 12th of August, 1625, Don 


: 
| 


HOLTAMAOVTM-NTVD er a: 


vam oft lo bietta email —eredio. 
ett tye ger alte wniorudt, wens fe 
vonauiant werivisnee cat aviv aid daha eiguieh, y 
“10 le yrodil: tsi? Beir mewn Yo suotiash wal A : 
in soldaulny. orn tedonmasb adgilt yd sonsiva 
IT smth ie weet! at evolve eoviw tisdd 
wow exethlon baw beret, enw move nodd isha 
Gio ton wir whey ot Jose ylorathonreni 
“aah oeee duyl yoils gai yeve weemow oft mot 
dt emilee owor alt or wraiet ot amily bellsqritoo 
-huorend tied? fare you! sited duu bomoePuyytl view 
Ait ott hetaid bead 
iow) of guilnosa erslw xen® lo aot ofT 
tomummoo alt sortitd Inoioloed: silt stledaA Yo 
itineterd > Yo aoiteborwal tat ody mont bad 
aur) died wit alt siwtydio honridelw aosd 19790 
sb ody anoit soi) boniwinet slyooy odt sodlw bes 
at lo bevingel ary esalixilsQ sit to estrodound 
“jn yodd wonky vel wt bos cesigall aulol rssaiaior - 
e Yo his ode ciiv ole gaaour mienys batniog : 
Iminsaries ylsaory seeng ayowier soeitiey eupronad ~ | 
-oh yd snob ylorom jon esw eidT anssitio odd 
ime eolorad tanlogn eoomse sols ot yoiminla 
biod of Botvalgen slqooy odd tovousdy gud vierd : 
~vig dt gaitwb ehosl tisd) t9v09Gu 40 send oda 
bod bas agal-odt no woteed ow yods, ,enoieso 
iovig bu eewitasod! ool ancl tiodt bes eaoise tie 
bontit sono eow totemogind ofT — ansibloa im 
obaioorg 6 bitte 0) yritoslgo, wit ernllob 
an eyib souls gata osaitne 01 beyilda pitied 2 
oni ive ai hinos sevod sid. 26 estblos eneey 
~iainug sind Showie yleoo teent ail bow ; 
tees 


zie lee el, st e. 
wdib w 10 vials beviuveda _ 


woth CLO) denguA Ww arg! odd a non 


= 


ees 


SE RE Ere ree er 


Ce 


IN SAAZ. 197 


Huerda made his appearance at Saaz, and caused 
two proclamations to be made in the town-hall and 
in the church. By the one the people were required 
to bring their Bibles and other evangelical books to 
the town-hall, under a fine of 100 Bohemian guil- 
ders, and five weeks’ imprisonment. The other 
referred to attendance at church, especially at mass, 
and imposed a penalty of five guilders, and three 
pounds of wax on each case of absence. These 
edicts produced great wavering and irresolution ; 
the books, however, were brought to the town-hall, 
and on the 22nd of August, removed outside the 
town, where they were piled up and burned. 

On the 6th of January, 1626, the military, after 
having completed their work in the neighbouring 
church of Laun, arrived to the assistance of Don 
Martin at Saaz, and were quartered in the houses 
of such citizens as refused to renounce their Protest- 
antism. From these they daily extorted consider- 
able sums of money, and many of them gave up 
house and all, and were ready to endure the miseries 
of exile; but to prevent this Martin issued a com- 
mand that no one should, under forfeiture of life, 
leave the town without his permission. The next day 
the burgomaster was imprisoned, and not released 
until he had promised to embrace the Papal religion. 
On the 26th of January, Huerda, accompanied by 
some Jesuits and officers, went to the town-hall, 
whither he had cited the council and people, and 
commanded them all to submit to the will of the 
Emperor, by making an auricular confession, and 
receiving the communion in one form. ‘Those who 
yielded were to be exempted from maintaining the 
soldiers, but the disobedient were to have a double 
portion of this rigorous burden. Every one was se- 


ie A ka ad 


TE ete 


era oy ear] We eere eT 


atk ke Bde LR kJ 


a ac ek a 2k 


~~ enna a Bi 
pant a ach ek ha Ri A SRG Ua sk at ne sesh th a 


res hawt aivwls thd) tyoveng a tind ; alixe te 
i Te aratiitial oben cbivede aso om tail} banm 
YebtxsestT anieul aria ait snoililw Awol ult evel 
bornelor tow line teucehqnit aw tonumey ue 


trae: slqoog Wend thin noc aul hatiy lw eo ide 
wiht Yo BY sion of Set fod be nat ne 
Hoe Telvvirent wh guiaique ys ereupimn 


— & « 7 


198 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


parately to answer the question whether he was will. 
ing to yield obedience withinthe space of three werk. 

One councillor yielded from fear of the tyrant; but 
a quarter-master, named Wenzel Wysotsky, steps 
forward and modestly defended his faith, and insists 
upon liberty of conscience. The anti-reformer tl): 
rose like a madman, and struck him repeateuls 
with his fists, using at the same time the mo-! 
abusive language. Among other things he said 

“ You good-for-nothing scoundrel, I will have vou 
put in double chains, and thrown into the deep: 
dungeon, where the light of the sun shall neve 
reach you: and when once you have cast out your 
criminal soul, the hangman shall have your carea:- 
to put it under ground.” He then sent tor chains. 
and the sergeants immediately putting his hand- 
and feet in shackles, fastened a collar round his neck, 
and iron rings round his arms; and thus laden the 
unhappy man was dragged to the dungeon, where 
no one, not even his wife or any of his children, was 
allowed to visit him. Here he sat for three wecks 
under the heaviest fetters, his body being ted with 
bread and water, and his soul disgusted with the 
daily turment of the Jesuits. After this they pro- 
nounced upon him sentence of death for contein- 
plating an insurrection of the people by his rebel- 
lious speech. But seeing that he would rather 
die than forsake his religion, the Jesuit, Peter 
Chanowsky said to him: ‘ You are possessed by the 
devil,” and had him chained still more heavily. 
When the good man saw that he could obtain 
neither death nor life, and being unable to endure 
the torture any longer, he at last promised to mike 
an auricular confession. Being permitted to travel 
to a bathing place for the recovery of his health, 


ne 


Pernt wearer te 


‘ie enw wl toll noiresup orlt vomans of Conrad a | 
'- devi omult to wom? ods obdiiw oanylbade bigotgek 
at LAATYT ell ty rea) noeved besllaty rollisnins oO _ = 
toppow planone AH fone 7 deomau tstennr-wMaup 6 
vet-ient bene lett etl befadieh-beshont han brawl 
vit andiertion of? oenelssyen to yitedil aoqu 
Aboreiys tuid aouwte ime .anwbear « adil sayt 
iuertny oii same sls tw gaew tel) eid dilw 
idee al eyeciitsedto york sourgenl ovieads 
( wok Sad Hive f lewbniron enilton-dlhoge not * 
| apa oil) enti wwowll bus 2omde aldual: ai sog 
- ut Tele ane edit Yo ubgd ot od conga 
wiry ano tesa avail soy yon0 cola ban pn0y doses 
D  ectrstan Woy svad Tail conrgrud act doe Lanier 
~tHuls wot gone aarlt oH * bro's whan 1 say oa! 
inl sit gulrty vioribourn stresewme ode baw 
Pon ent birnen Gallon « hones? j-sldoude of tect ban 
wh cohol ent bien porn eid bonot agit no) baw 
nuly neogewiml of hopeeth ery moon wyqedan 
set deahlita eile yas 16 city 2nd nope toe ito on 
edoww ovale tobtasad sol oid fie of howolls 
ihiv bet ould ghod etd moti solvsod nly whan 
w0 dire boveigelh doer eit bow soraw hon berrd 
wey toch gir wil etivesl. oil) Yo Seommed yliab 
“wimios 1b iingh te sonics aid ogy baomuor 
vevhon <iil yd olqonqoed? to cotta ap gnitaly..- 
value bluow od guilt geiowe sul -sthoosqe auoif 
Tis'l tinesl, oily anobgifer cid odperct madd sth =. 
ult ed hosesteog ora mle : uid of hine yahwomned’) 
“divest stom Ute hagiols wil bed baw “fival - 
white bingo ol tel) wee osm booy od) mel - 
subas of vidsuw gaivd haw oii! 00 dino wdviog —~ <co 
dows ot bsinony tal mod yegnol yum onion gl. | 
Wow of Dania gant swie tous aluohyeme By 
Hiheal ell lo yroveonr olf wit oodg yuiiltyd got 


| KMTAUAOTEN-ITRA INT BOL _- 
i 
é 


IN TAUSS. 199 


(for cruelty seemed now to be glutted,) he went to 
Annaberg in Saxony, and never more returned to 
Saaz. 

Many of the citizens were desirous of leaving the 
country in a similar manner; but the gates were so 
strictly guarded, that no one could escape or send 
away any part of his property. Several, however, 
succeeded in saving their lives, or rather their pre- 
cious souls, by such places in the town walls as 
happened to be impaired. More than a hundred 
escaped in this way, and of course they left all they 
possessed to their persecutors. Among those who 
thus fled from the town was a rich lady, the wife of 
one of the most respectable citizens, who, following 
her husband, Herr von Kralitz, made her escape 
through a sewer in the wall. 

The inhabitants of Tauss had been ordered by the 
sub-chancellor Jesipek to apostatize, but they re- 
fused. He one day complained of their obstinacy in 
the Jesuit college at Prague, when Don Martin, who 
was present, observed, that, if they would spend 
500 ducats he would soon overcome them. ‘Then 
taking a troop of soldiers, he proceeded to Tauss, and 
placed ten or twenty of these tormenting spirits in 
the houses of the several council-men, with full 
power to molest them in every possible way. By 
this means he brought nearly all in a short time to 
apostacy, and laughingly took possession, from the 
chancellor, of the promised reward. But the latter, 
being enraged because the inhabitants would not be 
converted by himself, and yet submitted to another, 
sentenced them to a heavy fine. Thus the poor 
Protestants were forced to sacrifice both their money 
and their conscieuce to the cupidity of these flagitious 
mch. 


Fig That Todat to Sovil snd) Quives ai bobssso0e 


eer . pedaT vi 


o} snow oil a bottaly od of wou bemwse 
olbemimin stoi seven foe ‘yuonse fdece 


ot yoives! to aaorieh stew ensalio ad? 30 taal 

o cow esteg silt ted ; woman tolimis 6 of ytd 
hirse wy aqaces hice ono on tadt ~bobraug yltsinte 
s1g79W oH darved § oemaqorg ail to tug You Yowe 


a ating. mavrod elt ni esnale tlone yd aloe evoio 
boshawd « aed? viol boris odo} bausqqad 
La ie ital your ees to baw. vow eit at heaves 
ode ssad: guomA arotwaexteq tai? of brvassesoq 
to site oilt ybal aloix a enw sewot alt moti bot anil 
srivollet ode eussisio ofdatooqaer taomt silt Yo wao 
oqsozo tat sham wxwiletA cov molt <baedeml trl 
lisw silt at 902 n goons 
ot ed herwilne ssod bad saugT to etutidadai oT 
+92 gant dud ositsiznga of duyiewl soflsounil-dux 
ak ponutitadlo sigslt 49 bonislqrmo Yad ono SH hoeut 7 
ous mated, not siong, uger ts oyllon siesl only 
breqe bluaw yodt Hi sedthovmede iceotq tow 
oT melt setomeyo coos blvew af stent awh 000 
lng san T of babassory of sroibloe to qoort a guided 
i attri itorts0d veolt Jo yiuewd 40 nat booal ~ 
tt ii "aon avon ate. ot to evanol oil . 


oF seri a mi lis yhwon 1d oil enon aidlt 7 
ot mort soipebesog pages gual bas efonteoqn 


votial ods yl cbanworr AS hy Yo. ,r0llsonada 
md Jon bisompPennenidi| nt only Sigecns gaied 
ations of. He toy bas dlorenist vd hetroyaoo 
wooq out anlT anit oe ba a ot rele eae bererstoese 


vonwet tiadd 
aroitignlt sa i cil tb bin 


‘| @inut eee Pe v0 


22 7 
7 | 
7 


200 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


In 1624, Baron Zdenko Leo, now Count Kolo- 
wrat, by command of Prince Lichtenstein, invaded 
the town Rokyzan with a whole regiment of 
soldiers. He not only extorted considerable sums 
of money from the citizens, but in a tyrannical 
manner attacked their religion. There is scarcely 
an imaginable torture, which was not endured by 
these poor people. 

On the 20th of December he cited all the citizens 
before him, and then addressed them in a lengthened 
and angry speech. He spoke bitterly of the late 
rebellion and the Count of Mansfeld; made al- 
lusions to Ziska, and particularly reproached them, 
that the celebrated John Rokyzan, who aspired to 
be archbishop of Prague, had come from their town: 
that he was a worthless man, in whose footsteps they 
were now walking. He then forced them to in- 
scribe their names in a three-fold register. In the 
first were written those who were already Romanists 
—six apostates signed their names in this. Those 
who promised to become Romanists in the course of a 
fortnight had to inscribe their names in the second; 
and in the third all those who, as he said, were dis- 
obedient to God and to the Emperor. But as by 
far the greater number stood in the third register, 
he and his colleagues began to curse them most 
fearfully, and said that they deserved the rack, the 
gallows and everlasting hell. He seemed beside 
himself with rage. The following day, being 
St. Thomas’s, he compelled them all to go to 
church, and setting others the example, he took the 
sacrament, sub una. After dinner, ordering the 
bells again to be rung, he went to church; but 
finding no one there, (for even the monks had not 
yet arrived,) he rushed out, ran across the market, 


AERATOR Ei BR hd 6 | Bs Ry 


| 
| 
| 
| 


a 
WOLTARNOVAR-iTKA “BHT 7 a 7 
~lod snot wor oat odaobR nerefl \$8oral o~ ell 
lnlurrat artomestloit soil to heamowos yd getw ~~ = 
Wo dnomigen, etude « ith aavedoH mot ety * ©° 
siti oledmobiznes teva giao ton oH ~~ .emibfos ‘ 
lwinnetg # ni tod aeextio ad? awit yonom to 
vlovimea at violT .notgil vierlt bodoatiia tansar ; 
“id bowhes Jon en voitw siete: oldenigami aa: 
ee iqouy toon sasdlt 
anasitio-odt Tnstedtiy arf torinoost! ‘to di08 ode OD 
fomsiltgaot 2 ai mods boexerbhs worl) fo nrtil noted 
sul sit to viiotvid sdogs oH .dosege green ban 
te shaot jhidteeM ‘Wo mw") sli baw woilleder 
iid bulsnerger yitelootring bas adel or enoteul 
of beriges ow .casystof adol haterdaley ody pat 
7 irvot tig nov omoo Bed serper to qodeiddotws ed 
Tall aqatetoat ssoily' ai near eesldtrow w'ecw ort onal 
“ti of railt bavi) nadt SH conidlew wot stow 
sit al Motitgor MMot-setdt @ ni esarme tied! odie 
Haiacmoil yimetle owe odw sed? cote aew ted = 
sseolT “elt ai sounvc toil boirgia eeiateoge xR 
& Yo eeniog adit ii eteinnmoH smrondd oF basimorg ody ~~ 
ibioow ols ni 2ogiae vied: dimen ot bad sdgiana 
~2ah own ise ad ee oiw oeols Lie bolt oils at bee 
qt ec toll” somgmd only or bas be of tasihedo a 
senaigat Init edt ai boote todrout toieerg salt aA 
‘soc ttresl? sem OF aepod sorgediies anf ban sd 
ot dot gilt bevrwgeab yout teult bine Tym yllulanst 
Shisod beers WH Mod pnitedtiors bar ewolleg 
toiod -yab geiwollet off .ooet Haiw ) Yeemid™~ ° 
oop or fle matt bellopoos of eosin? 4B = 
oi) door od olemagane ails sto:116 gritos Ian whore” 
ob grimbno eb wth ain due” demeded! 
ind ; dowd ov soaw od od of nigga elisd 
tytt Hed elaonr edt fovea tol) told en On gba |” 
docraie ont seoron oe due holeun od (bovine ay” * 


2: 
~~ 


IN ROKYZAN. 201 


through the streets, into the houses, driving, by 
the force of his stick, all he met into the church, 
whither he also himself went again. He no sooner 
perceived Felix Streiz, a most respectable citizen, 
and whom he hated the more because he was a 
Calvinist, than he snatched a bludgeon from a by- 
stander, with which he attacked the poor man, pur- 
suing him to the altar, and exclaiming: ‘* You long- 
bearded scoundrel, you also have put vour name in 
the list of the damned, and refuse to make a con- 
fession !” Streiz requested the Count to revere the 
sanctity of the place; but he continued to strike 
him onthe head, shoulders and arms, until Felix 
fell on his knees and praved to God tor help. 
When the tyrant saw the flowing blood, he cried 
out: “ Away hence, you beast, with your damned 
calvinistic blood!” Felix then rose and went out. 
Those who met him asked what had happened ? 
And he replied: ‘* Between the temple and the altar 
have I been made to shed my blood, but it is tor 
the name of Him who shed his precious blood still 
more abundantly for us.” 

When Felix had left the church, the Count raged 
in various ways against the assembled citizens, in 
order to force them to make a confession.* But 
this did not merely mean what we generally under- 
stand by the common acceptation of the word; but 
it signified also the renouncing of Protestantism, the 
anathematizing of former doctrines and of evangelical 
parents, and a confession of all that they were now 
to believe, as we have already shewn above. 


Kolowrat continued his violence and abusive 
i 
f * The confession-ticket received on such occasions was then 


: 


‘a token to other Jesuits, that the renunciation of the evangelical 
) faith had already taken place. 


} 
wo] 


s 
Pe pe ee 
‘ 


av 


ioe HASFAOR US 5). ; " 
yd .gaivnh senod ol} otnt toon 16rd 4 

dims ait otui toon od Uy aoive, eid tosorl od 
renee ot sli .ninya tavw. Usemid cele ad todtidw 
Masitio sidsiongest seomt o sige. zie, bavi 

s ern oil sumed otom oft boiad sd modw baa ; 
«16.8 mort pesghuld 4 ledoiane of sailt.Jeinivied 

“toy tent oy oft) fodosite od doidw dttw ,robnate 


<n uot * : giimielozs due, satle act of suid gniwe 


ai sues ives Jtny once oe wore Jerlimnoss bobised 
“foo & odnen ot otter hem bende gilt Yo sail odd 
ont niger oO) sauo') oils Lnteauper sient“. motsest 


sdite of bewsitsoa of tud jooulg ade lo ysitoune 
vilod litany, orm baa stobluode lined off ao oid 7 
“laid tot hots. ot bezegq bas. escad aid ao tht : 


beita oil -boold vuiwoh odt wee mores oly nol 

Doostab avoy dit ted wey soned wank” =tu0 

M0 dog dum s2t-aredt zilsh “lL boold siteiarrias : 

‘ besreqqaid bud sedw bodeg avid some oilw oeoltT 

wile sdt bas siqinot od) maowistl * ;beilqot od bwk ' 

tut edi ud ,boold yor bode etghearased I onl 

line boold evoogng eid dadeody sail to om os ; 
: “enw yhasheuds stom | 

hoger tune) oft lytudy odt Aol bad xiloA ool W | 

Ht ,Amtaxitio be!dmaeg oli Janiige «yew enohay ui 7 

tf "goizeinos « sdem 09 mrods ow of wine 


avbaw yllersaoy ow tsilw magi Yana: sou bib eilt a 
isd inom sit to nuitetqsoen gocmaro9 ant yd bisste : 
oil ,meitmeiestos4 to peiosuonsy ails vels bodingie ti | 


lesilogaays to bap eonittoob rome to gaisitamodtenn 

woipien vats teri) ilo to noteiges n ban any q 
> oovedé ticle ybeoile svgd on en. ovoiled of 

syed Lame sodoloiv vil Lowmitwo9 sernoloA 

sol} caw eopiemptuidioud oo levivost deit-doiiens of? * 

lontaguare od Yrwwiteinayin odd malt wh elt of wodtot a» 


202 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


language ; some he beat with his stick, he spat in the 
face of others, and even tore off the grey beard ot 
Wenzel Krocinus, and strewed the hair about the 
church. After he had returned home, the Count 
again sent for Felix, and threatened to act an un- 
heard-of tragedy with him, if he should not be con- 
verted by the morrow. But he fled during the 
night; forsaking his mother eighty years old, and 
his svife and children. The Count then confiscated 
his estates, and even cast his wife into prison. 
Those who were brought by him to apostacy, 
he compelled to sign a document, acknowledging 
that the people of Rokyzan owed their delivery to 
God, the Holy Virgin, and the Count Zdenko 
Kolowrat, and that by the mediation of the’ said 
Count, they had voluntarily and freely embraced the 
-Popish religion. Such a testimonial they had to 
furnish with their proper sign-manual, and it had 
moreover to be verified by the stamp of the town- 
seal. Thus did that miserable man attempt to 
deceive God and the Emperor. In a short time, 
however, he was himself summoned to Vienna, and 
there imprisoned on account of certain crimes. 

In Schlan,* a royal town, the people were also 
cruelly abused. The governor, Nicol Hansbursky, 
had shortly before, on account of some crime, been 

under the hands of the executioner, and only received 
his pardon because he was a Romanist. Being now 
desirous of ingratiating himself with the Jesuits, he 
zealously persccuted the Protestants. And on Cor- 
pus Christi day, partly by torce and partly by 


* Here it was, that in 1419, the Cardinal-legate Dominici, 
excited the rage of the Hussites, by causing a ILussite preacher 
to be burnt, having previously knocked his communion-cup to 
the ground. 


ta MILI 


sot al as ma 


MOMAMAGTIA-VIMA SUT Og | 
oilt ai dane wth pistes aid dtiy ined of snowy spsigasl 
to Inaad voy ols He sot neve bas. salto toed > 
ot toodw vind ort bowers bee aueioora IssasWeo 2) 
jauo) af? omod bowrrere bad of rottA atorudy. | ; 
“a Ge tae of fonstcontt bas jzil] wh tase giege  O 
“209 od tom blworle oof 9 etd abit vhoget to-bisod: 
ait quianl felt sd gull  .wovtom: edt yd boty. 
bee ble sins; yilois mulsont eid guidaetol. :sdgin. 
finteosiines aals nwo") ofT anrtblide bu ctive eid 
Hoi oi stiw 2] mes neve baw estore aid 
Mosteoge oF mil ed niewond- amy odwe seodT 
gnigholwoudon .taeunmob « agi or bellagarey sl: 
oT qiuvilel sieds bevo mexyalo to alqoeq oft sere 
odushS tawo'd odt fen ated? vie altho 
bine ot Yo woituiber-ods yd ands inn gareelo  ' 
Stlt boomy glo boo ylirntanioe Lyd pada reso) 

W had gods Witnesses atone | sastyiler alsiqe. 

bei ai baw swrser-mzie maqotq visit ase deieret 

“vor oft to qin oilt ydibetinoy odor wreotam 4 « ! 

o syne gem slderosiat ted) bib eodT [oe 

nh trode al rower edthas DoW erica >) 

bits oirnoiy os basuririe Vsentid eow ol peyewod © 
2216719 MisTTI9 to INVOIoN ao boabelnqgatt yrs 

ala giow slqosy olf srwot foyot 2 *yudlee al 

“wleudedsll fost romoveg oD) ooandeyiowis: 

tived ,niito onroa bo sineos8 wo ,ordbed risa. bar 

bovivest yiao bam reunites ot toebumleditsbay 9 

wou goistl  .einamoH «enw oc senmosd noling eid 

a tumol on die oeoridl Baisitnea t auch <- 

“10D no lnk satitotestoct ot botyoocy ylawolses - 

vd using aa oowt 2 ving eysh Genk enq 


dsieieno® ategol-laniivad ode OU! ui tat ese oli et 
vedowng simaull « guia leet od? Yo oper add besivgsy wy 
ppc hemmmtali cr pn guivad sed odo - 

| ey dammed 


oe 


oi, ’ 


Ww 


i 


IN SCHLAN. 203 


guile, he induced most of the citizens to join the 
procession. Among others he cited John Bleyssa, 
who refused to attend because it was against his 
conscience. On being asked for his reasons, he 
said, ‘* that each time he had taken the sacrament, 
he vowed to God, never to join in that procession.” 
He was then told, that he could not resist the will 
of the Emperor; but he replied, “certainly not in 
matters appertaining to government; but our affair 
here has reference to God.” It was then repre- 
sented to him, that they had the power to compel 
him; but he answered: ‘God requires a volun- 
tary, not a compulsory worship.” For his “ diso- 
bedience,” (as they termed it,) Bleyssa had to sutf- 
fer nine weeks’ imprisonment. 

But John Jahada, another citizen, was more 
severely treated. He had refused to join in the 
procession, and to raise an altar in his house, consi- 
dered by the Papists as a blessed privilege, and 
was therefore accused not only of disobedience, but 
of irreligion. His sentence was imprisonment tor 
nine months, and a fine of fifty dollars, where- 
with they intended to purchase a new case for the 
‘¢ TTost.” On paying the fine, after the term of his 
imprisonment, he said that he did this from obe- 
dience to government, and they might apply the 
money to whatever purpose they pleased, but he 
could not consider himself as a contributor to the 
** Host,” for he required no other atonement than 
the one that had been made by Christ upon the cross. 
For these words he was again imprisoned for a 


mouth, and only liberated on paying another fine of 


fifty dollars. Then, together with his wife, he was 
expelled from the town. He was aman of great frin- 


hess, and dicd soon after of the pestilence at Prague. 


_ ee-Gae———ee 
« ss > —— ee 
: ed 


4 


ee Te alilertey 


Boe 

nit aaj oi anesitip 
heel infol, fetiy 
#iil taniogs ene 4 
a arent aid rg} 


: 
WAIN “I a S. 5 a 


old "to secre Iniousbitt od tiny 
sd amntlio. ge Reto 
canned busts ut beanie 

hades: noisd 20 ' sbimtouns 


distonor: gilt nodes fied ‘sel ornit does tout“ bigs 


‘ciezsrertey SoM wb. 


wiof of reyod bat) oF bower oil 


lhiyr wit teen jou bhrw ad hiely blot asitt exw oH 


esitegors off tend: Tetaqenel silt Yo 


tithe -wme dud ; TMHGY Oo gHiainheqas stottan 


“gat uralt. aecw 4] 


“Ae OF onetot aed onl 


Iapetiog wt taurog ola amd yale gents tid of bese 
“abo A eniupeT: bold” » bvperege ool tied jcc 
“eet” sil wo. “gidmow Vtoelogates sor syns 


“luaot bad nezvald] 


be 


NOM ew .esitio 


(at boarmt walt an) “seyasihed 
Ansmaostqgent “edoow outa 
twltions ebadat ndél sof 


wit th aie) os -bsenter fpf oH hotest yowys 
ian senod sik oboe nwosiee ey ban .nejessnon 
bap asliving hosestdi-x ay eriqel only vd howb 


tad. apttaibodorih Yo -ebuo sit bgaiabn ideals ani 


meooodt some tate yu obser woe Wad dark ones out 
#201 by MH aieyn enw gil ahtew sents wi 
to ont yoljong Bri¢aq ao Lotsradil hoe sbaon 


SW out oliw alg liggor ft 
vintrit yi WW. e a tero8 ond grid | . 
iat" In oonvolineog gels to Tolls woos devils bate eon 


ot oltgaiyep nO “yeoll » 


204 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


But Bleyssa was speedily visited with a second 
punishment, for having his daughter secretly bap- 
tized by an evangelical clergyman. He was first 
cast into a filthy prison, whither his wife, not yet 
risen from childbed, was also conveyed; and 
afterwards banished, with the permission to retain 
one-third of his property, the rest having been de- 
voted to the church. But even of this portion he 
was deprived, and did not receive one farthing. 
He could therefore do nothing but trust to God for 
help, and endured the miseries of exile to the day 
of his death.* 

Inthe year 1626, the above-named Governor, in 
order to effect a general apostacy, obtained military 
assistance, and by that means, and by various tortures, 
compelled most of the people to promise the required 
obedience. Among other cruelties he confined fitty 
men in a chamber of the town-hall, so narrow in its 
dimensions, that they could scarcely stand, much less 
sitor liedown. Here they were imprisoned for three 
days, without being allowed to go out, even for the 
most necessary purposes; their fortitude in such 
distress could not but be broken down by infected 
air, disgust and indignation. They were therefore 
set at liberty, having promised to receive instruction 
in the Papal religion. In a similar manner did this 
monster treat the women in a room of his own 


* In the churches at or near Sclian, there were likenesses of 
Luther and Melancthon, which the Anti-reformation commis- 
sioners had forgotten to seize and destroy. Afterwards the 
people, not knowing whom they represented, offered up prayers 
to them as unto the images of Roman saints. It is said that the 
portraits were recognized only 19 years ago, and have only of late 
been removed. 


alii hi ak 


a a 


eOMrAMnOIs aTCA MAT 


iinovue a abiive Levialy ylthienys enw eoeyol = hea 
~qud yleoane anlgoah sid-galved yol jnomdeioog 


tah sow oll swerypish lusilygnevs aa’ yd best 
toy tom athe fi racltiche dioetry WT a otal den | 
low sbvrernoy oe sew bedhilido aot aeate 
niet of colaziarioq alt oti betel elriowiefts 
=i) 99d _ostcei! Vert oily rregerrq ett Yo Wrielt-oao' 


WIC, elt Yo cays full .clottile @il}.o7 botov 


senidynit soo seideot tod hil’ baa beyingeh asw 
yt hod of teiret sit oeliliow of rcisted) Moos oH 


“yuh silt of slize ‘lo eormaut ott hewshew hie .qlad 


“lish sid te 
wl someon hwcda-vveds odt OS01 aayy edt al 
qatilin boaiside .yontoqe loausg a tests otal 
astro) evohier 7d bas 2ucorr toll ye bee sonsiaeas 
lervinprst ow) pettero'e oi alqead otto ween hellsqeran 
¥AR boufmos of evitiour telio paomA oonnthade 
afi ot worma oF llad-mwyot off to aahonily oat aot. 
eeu) lous laste visomoe blir Foils sould gookusaib — 
porilt aot boctuelteymni oy yor) sto sewolail wo sia, 
oil 10) nove Jo op ot howolle yilisd moMiw age ~ 
dove of ghusigrak tindd ; eevoqinq Yteemeon Je0nT 
buiodinl vd aaal dyderd od did don bhi aaowdeib 
owivieds ser yed'T .coimsnyibat- bow tempeh ais. 
nuitoiient svison Ol busier yoived yytidil 12 Joa 


nly bih.cgaea salina 6 ol wyorpiler tage oslt ci. 


nwo ail Yo spat # ui womow off sane au 
7 holes 

Yo evarsnelil sow viedd waldo? nant thieedeatiaianad - 

timmow deteindwpid edt douly .orlounlalé a 

wdt ela pote: oviwe ot cotrogvll bad myeaks 

aera qu horas youll mqoilw gaiwonl toa shyoag ~ j 

fily tad ijiow al 21 .atelae RAMON Jo aogemnT oot ota See attedd OP) > a 


wal va gine wr fam eqn a 40" ae 


hs -tpee anna es 


IN PRACHATITZ, 205 


house. Those who were faithful to Christ, at length 
left the country.* 

_At Prachatitz, and afterwards at Pisek, the anti- 
reformation was accompanied with carnage. When 
the imperial army was about to pass through the 
town in 1621, the citizens, with a small garrison, 
ventured to oppose them. For three days they 
resisted, but at last were compelled to surrender. 
Just as they were about to give up the keys of the 
town, the enemy broke through the gates, cut down 
the burgomaster, who was carrying the keys, and 
slew all they met in the streets, not excepting 
the young children. In the short space of three 
hours, 1166 citizens were weltering in their blood.t 
There were scarcely ten who escaped the fury 
of the enemy, either by flight or concealment. In 
1625, the town having revived by the influx of 
strangers and survivors, the commissioners of the 
anti-reformation promised to the citizens the resto- 
ration of their liberty and privileges, if they would 


* Those who have hitherto considered the confinement of the 
English prisoners of war at Calcutta in 1756, as the most unpa- 
ralleled example of savage barbarity that ever disgraced the annals 
of mankind, will here discover its prototype, perpetrated under a 
much higher degree of atrocious ferocity, inasmuch as it was not 
the result of a momentary ebullition of fitful revenge, but of a 
calculating cold-blooded desire to torture its victims, and women 
as well as men were the stilerers, by one who had apostatized 
from a profession of Protestantism tothe confession of Romanism; 
and this deed of Nicol Hansbursky is assuredly as worthy of that 
defection from the true faith, as it is to be placed beside the deed 
of the Mahomedan despot, Surajud Dowlah, of ‘* black hole” 
notoriety ; the difference of climate alone causing a difference in 
their results. 

+ At Pisek also, Maximilian of Bavaria caused 1200 


citizens to be massacred, 


ll he 


Deere NO 


~ 


o—=—s’ © 


BOS ci ERRAe OS! eee 
dronal ie paral o9 Wihid rom oly seat enol 


~fue odd vil de ehinwralia bus jsthtadoes 3A 
ao = .ergownay ilaly boimuqriosn Baw srviteenra 
od dgcould aq ot dyods ww yrs Ieteqmi oil 
noairiry lea a sthy auoxiio odd 1804 ot wot 
voit ayab souls 74 amods a2oqqy of bewninsy 


a eiitios ot Dollaygawo wow deal dn gud ,batelen 


oft to eyed oil) qu ovig ot suods oiew Yad) an tant 
nwob to eatug sult dgvialt odowl yorand ed) sewot 
inne eed sill grivriae aaw ml preteemogund ods 
guile jon ,alsotte oll) ot tone ype Ha wale 
wow to souqe Nola oli ol .norhlidy guvoy walt 
T.bookd tiadt af gutteilsy ow smexitio DOLL exper 
4 ads hogeses ov 19) yhoo wow sod 
Gly jtascriisouns 16 sifgit Yd doddia ,ymmus odd Yo 
“to wultas ot yd “boyrver wotved wos od) ASOT 
oilt Yo #rondieeiaos adi 2roriviwe Lone r19ynetie 
“oreo! Silt simsxitio sili ot borlmory auidguridlot-itas 


bivow yodt Ti 2spaliving baw yradil tisdt lo aoiter 
wits Yo tetmsititann cult bovebisnos vlguddld eval odw god * 

wage samen OB 8.54 ne onto) me ww To emioely delgad 
laces atht Lmowrpecty way taith ethinyl Wgwete ‘to shone bolelier 


Basitassoqe bod eulw aio yd jars1sthne ott ow fon en low on 
joaleniodl Vo roieestaes oily od wialyy AGimaNorg 2 wort 
tad? Yo ydrrow weyllemenn wi yferdanall Tomi Ve bosh wit haw 
banks auld abiend fruity vio! wi ai en altel auaiwuls anert 

“oled teal + as gle beri expends Gemcilde uts e 
ni sonmssib a swale viemila Yo opminsiilty ail pehaioton 


ime Rais saad 0 amet eather Sh 


| 
{ 


206 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


but embrace the Popish religion. On refusing to 
do this, they were interdicted from carrying on an y 
trade or business (as was then done everywhere 
else), and men, women, and children were all im- 
prisoned in separate dungeons, as so many rebels. 
During the period of four months they were most 
cruelly tormented; and those who consented to 
become Romanists were no gainers after all. With 
equal tyranny, deception, and daring, they also 
treated other towns, which are not mentioned 
here. But from what has been stated, every one 
may perceive how impiously, barbarously, and 
haughtily they proceeded in the work of conversion. 
The following are a few notices of what befel 
certain towns near the borders of Upper Lusatia, in 
northern Bohemia. 

On the 6th of January, 1623, the inhabitants of 
Leippa were deprived of their church, and the 
clergymen, Monch and Laurentius, were banished. 
The latter went to Zittau, where he assisted the other 
ministers in their clerical duties. The former had 
been in Lieppa from the year 1619, and was so 
zealous against the Catholics and the Calvinists, 
that the soldiers frequently catechized and mal- 
treated him. He was ordered to depart in 1622; 
but being a sufferer from apoplexy, his wife and 
children entreated the commissioners for patience 
and indulgence; yet though it was in the winter 
season, their request was not granted. With diffi- 
culty he managed to write his farewell address, 
which was read to the community at the morning 
service of new-year’s day, 1623, by the deacon 
Laurentius. Monch directed his course to Stalpen. 
The lord of Leippa, who remained faithful to the 
Evangelical religion, had been banished in 1620. 


st 


Wr ise VAS ERNE Pars 


HOLTAUROTATATED Mitr 
of paiatin nO uoiuilen daiqo silt aatdins tom” as 
We HO gir HOT hotoibrsial sts yor Silt ob 
whnlwyeerrs onoh ned saw +h) aeontend 74 abet” | 


‘tt No ey sonbliis bee sew om baw (sels 
eiwiet yin Oe en atcurniah whinge: nt bao 
jam rer yout adiaout Twat 4 belive silt grin 


WF beinsetog ortw wali lon; Mnrenret yl 

A Theta exsiving bin sew AeitomoH amorad 

valu yolt galt teh oinyoueh seouseret faupis 

henoiisns ter ow iile jeewat wade Bote 

om yrva betes need enif tlw mott afl soil 

Mass ylatotndud ylatioigmt — wail ovine], = ysttr 

Horny toy Ju Arow oct Ai boboanny ypilt efisthynad 

sted sailw Vo ssctow wat s o19 gutwollel od 

it ileal maqy'T lo Probrod add ta9n Awe! lates - 

7 cheat! erreil iron 

Yo stuntidatal ods ECD! Vunael Yo Mi oily oO 

silt hoe lous sist to bevinqul Orow ongiaT 

hoteited so suiternil bas dowtht wemreoet ” * 

‘roth sil horsigen ail gevilve inst Oo mew dottal dT 

hua sonricl of T  zalouly Jevitel5 “tied at eroieininr ~ 

enw hho HQT wy ott mot sqaphl ai and 

eine) sit hun dvilodio) ult dapican avoloss 

“lnov baw Lesidenain yfusopsit ethos ot tod - . a 

- ¢ S80! of maqeb of levabno enw oH “unt belay O° 

bin fiw etl yxolqoqe” wot asi6hime’ Bid tnd 

nowsiteg 10l sipubineliiins. adt boteeniag gothlids 

itn ou ob saw ti thowoilt joy 3 bas 

“Nib AM boing tow cow teoupant tieil) sroeune 

eevibhs tivwvonit gid oie oy lercondne wd vilie 

Slovo oft th ysleniraion off oF fm Holife 
_ Duet oma | 


nognsh alt “a out eal a 1nay 


stag letter siioo siubharenih donb casio | 
abot Leitalaish aro gar hqqiul Yo baal aT 
OC i bovdeinwd dood bed noigiter: hisilyganr 


“ 


a 
ite can siemniie 


IN GABEL. 907 


He died in 1643 at Dresden. The celebrated 
Clemens Lehmann, who was afterwards first 
minister of Zittau, was the son of a clergyman in 
Leippa, and his bust is yet to be seen in the burial- 
ground of Trinity church in that town 

The following statement is given of the town 
Gabel in an old Zittau chronicle :—* During 
February and March 1628 the religious persecution 
approached nearer and nearer to the town. The 
commissioner, Count Kolowrat, severely tortured 
the inhabitants of Gabel with stripes and bonds, 
and, as has been reported by eye-witnesses from 
Zittau, burned at the whipping-post all the 
Lutheran books which yet remained in the possession 
of one or another Protestant. They also destroyed 
the portraits of Luther, Melancthon, and Huss. 
But in Gabel, as in Leippa, the first persecution 
took place in 1623, when they expelled the minis- 
ter, Gregor Rosher, who fled to his native town 
of Zittau, and remained there nine vears.” A 
modern author of Gabel says: ‘Our Protestant 
minister, Gregor Rosher, was aed expelled, but 
his religion was not banished with him from 
the hearts of the inhabitants.” This history also 
proves how little the citizens who were forced to 
Popery loved their mass priests, and submiited to the 
dogmas of the church of Rome. In 1635 deep- 
rooted hatred between the citizens and the Popish 
priests had attained its most calamitous height. In 
a letter of the Prior, Dominicus Alanus. which is 
yet extant, it is said: ‘** How numerous are the 
molestations and injuries to which we are subjected 
by these uncultivated citizens. They never cease 
molesting us with weapons, and abusive language, 
and even with robberies of all kinds. They have no 


MNS ie mas a 


sai 


va ak cae 


a eid he some 


woe tA MI Me 
hagedelos ofT  arehswtl te ht, at Tah oft 
jad aleewile eow ow eee t anormal 
ot counts) WO ibe old oe mid Yo. robaigien 
duind odd ol nysaad ot toy af tan 2id bog seqqind 
ares taht oe ilewaly wianT to bavorg 
vet od) te amvig at toumatets yalyvollet odT , 
narod — slynmeulo uetS lle ae nib. leds 
_—neitiioreay eumigiler dt HSEL dora bee yramdo 
off atest alt or qervom hum rwinwst horlonoiqges 
logue ylewma stasvoloA tao asnoleianmoes 
Shred bru esyite dia lola) jo etrutidadat sid 
mnt weountz-sre wih bupoqat mod amb an ban 
a) Ma wogeganaiia oft a bard agit 
Aivieenod wil mi houtanwe jo7 dott edoud mutant 
lywotieads oxle yall snoester tedtoda w ano Wo. 
HTT hun yeroiliproiolt jadi Ww aimwiog oly 
nolan wih ole jaqyind ob eagledst) ab aA 
<einnin oitt ballyges vod codw G01 ni noale apo 
nwod orn Oil or belt octw calaods sage 19 
A "emery tuin sods douinmat bee weniS Yo - 
Melee wO" : eye lode to sollte arsbont 
tod .bollagne yoobai zur rodeo tog reiialmn 
joo! anil yi bodeioed jon aaw goipiler aid 
wle “rom sil“ 2rnetidginai. ott. to arsed oly 
ottmnch sow olw cuaxivio ods olttil woud sovoaq 
‘aly oF bottimdve bas xtsisy canon tale beyo! ¢maqod 
~ob S821 ah umuo'l to dorurla add Yo eseergob 
HaiqoT oft bag enasizio ot goowted batted beioor 
al adyiod enosiaeles seorg ati bonintte bail adzong 
oi doidw eunilt, avolninw soirt ady to witel s 


208 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


other names for us but rogue, thief, and scoundrel. 
Were an angel to appear among them, they would 
still persecute him, because they are devils them- 
selves. They are heretics, and eat meat on Satur- 
day, and have even the temerity to entice our brother 
Stephen to do the same. There is no symptom of 
the catholic religion observable in them ; what can I 
therefore say otherwise than that they are here- 
tics ?” 

The Book of Persecutions gives the following 
account of the town of Nimes :—‘‘ Wherever the 
commissioners came, they used craftily, in order 
to forward their object, first of all to try the most 
influential men in the town, either by persuasion 
or force. In Nimes, Zdenko Kolowrat demanded 
from the assembled vassals of the domain a decisive 
answer at once, whether or not they would become 
Papists? Then one replied, in the name of the 
community, ‘that religion neither was nor could 
be compatible with compulsion.’ This man he 
immediately caused to be seized, thrown down, and 
scourged, in the presence of them all, and then 
asked him again if he was willing to comply? But 
as he continued to answer in the negative, even 
when he was scarcely able to speak, he was carried 
away half dead. ‘The others were frightened at 
this severe example, and promised to receive in- 
struction, if time should be given them to reflect 
on the subject.” On the llth of March, 1628, 
all their religious books were burned near the 
whipping-post. 

The town of Pardubitz also affords us an example 
of those evil times. Even before the commence- 
ment of the political commotions, the archbishop 
of Prague had strenuously urged the governor of 


Jota ea! 


MONAMMOFAR-IYHA ABT Pa 


lethirigos baw old argon med ew ot usiiaal ; 
higew yodt ved) queue lA OF iepne ae 
-nasdly olivaly ow you sewood ait sipsetsq Mite © ~ 
“1G to tect Io hte ssiternl ore voll 29ylen 
ywilton io sites 08 yin) odd move oved ine gab 
Yo mrorqurys on at will eons oils ob 09 codqniG | 
| ae dodges imo ai oldie motile sifordtas odd 
etal milt stadi saiweedig yas sterols . 
“f eo 
ivtwotteh “ds aviy anortusamed Io dooff olf 
oi torined Y/) — enmti7 ho wer od) to daucoon 
Tabs ob crlitimo leew vod) ones eeavlentenaos 
mon adt ye ot Hn Yo tei tvaidlo sisilt tptdwach of 
conmuziog vd tedtia .awor od? oF nom Ieinguliad 
hobromel iervuluaA “olaobS pomi4ial sndb-so- - 
wikiosh a ainetoh alt Yo aleseny hehloreean ole aot 
aitrooed Dirow veil ded W tdrordw yout on yewens 
ot lo ammw odt oi jboliqat sae pall 4 
bitten yom enw siltion norgite: salt ¢ 
of oem eidT ~~ ‘wolslugrien dive ehiiperrisine wed 
bor dowel avon hewis® od of hoauny ylotaihameni ~ 
wh bos lie git ie gomsssr oil att ,bogrrtons 
inl Yylqmes ot goilliw sev off Vi Wings mivl bodan 
eo stiiwgen ol) ui reweow of bounisaos od es 
hetries eow of deoys of ofa ylooraoe naw od aodw 
ie boustigh! wow ereite odT shash Wed yews 
“ti wvivont of heelmony bon slamazy etevoe vidt 
tooftos of melt tavie od Lives suit YW noltontte 
80) totel to wil! ody 20. “soniiee odd co 
ot wena ae v0 adood: evotgilioy rimtt is 


idvwe 
olq inne tier dncite vale aldytned Yo wwos of? © 
~souvemioy oft Grated av ois Live send Yo 
qortaiitione adi, pre In silt Yo they 


Yo wwriaveg silt loge eleveodete bod i 


IN BENSEN. 209 


that place not to allow the Protestants either their 
worship or their preachers, but to prevent the same 
in all possible ways. After the battle of the White- 
hill a Popish dean was appointed at Pardubitz, and 
to him the ministers in the neighbourhood became 
subordinate. In 1621 he issued a notice, command- 
ing the hitherto beneficed Evangelical clergymen of 
the neighbourhood to appear on the { testival of Corpus 
Christ and join in the procession, threatening excom- 
munication as the penalty of disobedience. These 
clergymen, being inthe same dilemma as the theolo- 
gians of Augsburg in 1530, stayed away, and on the 
day following the dean came to their parsonages 
with a troop of soldiers, took them into custody, 
and treated them with great rigour. For when 
Martin Felmer, the minister of Bodhanctsch ex- 
cused himself, the dean became enraged, and with 
his closed fist struck him a severe blow on the face. 
He then had him led to the town as a criminal, 
without hat or cloak, threw him into a dark, filthy 
dungeon, and for three days sent him nothing but 
alittle bread and water. At last the clergymen were 
dismissed with the most abusive language, and 
required to quit the domain within three days. 
Felmer had, moreover, to pay a fine of ten dollars. 

On the 23rd of Tague 1624, a detachment of 
horsemen arrived at Bensen, where they remained 
fifteen months, in order “that the people might and 
should embrace the true and only saving religion.” 
This must, however, have proved » failure; for in 
1627 the commissioners arrived, who commanded 
that every one should positively embrace the Popish 
religion and attend the confessional within the period 
of six months. It was at this place, in 1728, that 

VOL, I. Pp 


mA ESS ar eas ok ad ula doa 


Poreren 


UM AN abs tao K ANAL 


Aye aman a a chs 


hive iri a | 
vind? soulity atantestor alt wolly.et s09-gonlq tedy 
ome off teva ot tif ] ‘riod! 10 qiderow 
wari F att 'to altted ott ait eyow aldizany Meat 
hee idol tn boaaioqgi caw ano. dsiqoT o tnt 
mma Loohuaddgten silt ar erateinion sdtecriil of 
ahaaiies woilian ler od 1G al Ainnibrodue 
Yo aniuegayals luotliaawil Leottesrad. otsacltid ont nat 
eases MATTO. to Invines auld niemeyieos hoowinodidgiva sds 
-m0oe9 ‘gquitatnwtls CLE ob ai ning hag cstdO 
_ seolT ouneibodoib Yo “ier lt an oiteoiauen 
-olondd ods eu weasrolih susue olin gaivd sroaregtelo 
ali oo bind yin boyete OED ab yrudegud, to ansig 
kaginoeey worlt ot ono eels ot paimolid) yeh 
“hotene otal mel) doot wewibloe te goo a dtiw 
nod a0. vuwpin sosry aiiw aoidt beter bas 
“19 doaonndbol to rieliaie oft oulyl wit 
bin bow legos oroped seaphs silt Aloeaid Loews 
on odt no wold s1yva2 a mid stewie Jit bosols aid 
denuatin 6 oan awed si of bol mid bel odt sH 
gilt ainb ¢ owi id words ducts 10.401 sodsiw 
Jud gaislion wil ine exh oval to boa mosganb 
oto womgnTuly wit teel th agave fie boot. olsgil o 
hus ysgeunigl vied Jteonr ails iltiw bosstorib 
eb sods nivltivy alouady old, diup oF bosinper 
entiah nat lo suit 6 ynqvot raresiod bad rule 


; lo tomarlgniol » +201 \yteunel to br68 ada nO 
| Honisciot yolt oly oopmathto bovine wemoetod 
7 bas adpien alyooq oil tail1™ aboot adsqoue aust 


“aorgion gait vo ban on sd comdere dfvods 
ai sol gabaadial «Love wept peoemerasl eum aid 
bol nin ow Jive eonolgeimeaton oly EOL 
ileiqo offs aaetlye cornicon hbnoie sao yrove sods 
ar. en silt id 


an aly meamap eres no oil bangin Lage worgiler 
dole, STH Mi oomlyy wilt de gaye aT —mlncan xia Yo 
is wet a ee » oft aor 


as ; 
7 i : I — 


210 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


an order of the consistory was read to all the clergy 
of the district, for the celebration, by a procession 
and Te Deum, of the successful extirpation of the 
Lutheran creed a century before. In this district the 
secular commissioners themselves were of opinion 
that such a kind of transformation could not possibly 
be attended with good results. Here also for several 
years there was a great lack of suitable ministers. 

In the smaller towns and villages the Protestants 
were treated with still less ceremony. No one but 
a Romanist was allowed to marry, to have his 
children christened, or to sell his goods. Many 
thousands, therefore, who could escape, went into 
foreign countries; others concealed themselves in 
the mountains, the woods, and the most remote 
villages, whither no Jesuits accompanied by scldiers 
reached them. ‘These propagated their doctrines 
among their children and grandchildren, notwith- 
standing that at a later period they were imprisoned 
and deprived of their books by the Jesuits. Thus, 
says Pelzel, speaking of Lissa : “ when it was known 
that the anti-reformers were coming thither, the 
citizens set fire to their houses, and went away with 
such things as they were able to carry.” 

Such are the records of a few of the towns in 
Bohemia. If we were to give more, we should only 
present a repetition of similar scenes; and as there 
still exist many reports of the anti-reformation 
commission in Bohemia, and, doubtless, hundreds 
of written accounts of other-towns, as well as state- 
ments of their sufferings recorded by the exiles,— 
future authors may have opportunities of completing 
the history of the etlorts of the Romenists to root 
out Protestantism. But the records here given must 


Sie | ee eee es 


WOITAMAOGSR-1TRA GRY Paddle 
vutols olf le ot heer exe vioralenog wilt to ysbwriie oe 
mnieoomy # Yd sraiteniolss alt s0) sortelh edt tej | 
oilt Wo nsitaprins Iiisesomae lt to game wT base Oey 
oli tonvath aie ol xcled prntay a hoon wired | 
neeiqa to ow eeyloemor? eteneteeigreoo teliosa 
githeny tun blvoy ooljenrétacet to baid @ iede ted 
lntevee wot ola 19H atluset boog iiiw helmote od, 

gostei vidntive Yo doul org oxen ovdt weary 
Boeteviort ofl eagetlivy baa eawor tollane od? al 
fod oro OF cpretesren seal Its ast beast wew 
tid evel or perim oF hewolln ev vieemoH ao 
yaslf .zboog eid tise of 40 \homstsindy seonblide 
oral daow sess Llvoo odw ototewds phenols 
mi asvlszoredy bless Hodio jesininage Mgistot 
orcant tom edt ban zhoow sli nietawenr orls i 
swibiog yd buimaqeiooss atisneol of sodthiloy wrgallix 
esuiioob tis bstepadory sell  dmedt Doroser 
-thivwiog sblidehore bow cxblide tlt goons 
henozitqat ery vod? borg isial.e te feel guttbente 7 
2udT steel silt yd adond tisdr W hyvinqab bae 
aword eew gi nad ; ei] Yo yaistesqs Mesto eye os * 
ot podtidy gain eew emiridbet-iite odd tale 
litw yawn tow bite souod tiods oF weil se exesitio 

“yntas ui siia ow yo en eganly slows i 7 
fi anwot silt Ye wal « to elo silt ore dou a 
ylno bloods ow sont “rip 0) now ow TH eitoadoll 
soit es bas ; date tulitix Lo uovineged m daseotg il : 
nelinaricter-itae ot to error yoompseine Hite © 
Abviboint 2eslidwob jhe .cinreodlok wt woladignmes --' 
goats en (low a SR amiio lo einen aeiiew Ie Oo 6 
—,cilleo oil) yd beltaget veniatiea tied Yo etmron 1 
Seiielymo to esttlawriayye vrad yom woding sin 
duit os etebrmofl ae Le-zrwitts old Io yreteide ade yo 8 = 
teint norig erod abwowdil) wll steer fe! oO 

; a ee : 


te: Perna, 


ee 


IN JOACHIMSTHAL. 2b 


be deemed of importance, not only in the country to 
which they refer, but also to every friend of religious 
toleration. 

We will add another example of the treatment 
of the towns, shewinge that in some places the 
work of persecution was protracted for almost twenty 
years. In the time of Luther’s reformation, the 
inhabitants of Joachimsthal belonged to the Hussites 
and the Moravian Brethren, and sought commu- 
nion with Luther, who willingly befriended these 
mountaineers. Of this love and union we still see 
some traces in Luther’s correspondence.* 

In 1541 Luther took several young men of 
Joachimsthal as his pupils; seven citizens deputed to 
him from that town were once his guests, the 
counts Schlik being of the party. They began to 
build a Protestant church on the day after Trinity- 
Sunday, 1533, which was completed in four years, 
and covered with a slated roof; previously to this 
there had been no church at all in the place. The 
beloved Ch. Ering, of Leipzic, was the then minister. 
They had evangelical sermons in Joachimsthal, at 
an early period, but the ceremonies were not im- 
mediately changed. In the middle of the 16th 
century, that distinguished preacher, the excellent 
John Matthesius, a friend of Luther, laboured here 
until 1565. - After the aecession of Ferdinand II. 
the command to embrace the Papal creed was also 
sent to the inhabitants of this town. On the 26th 


* Luther's Ietter to W. Wiebel, citizen of Joachimsthal, 1550, 
in de Wette’s edition of his Lettcrs, iv. 207; to the Counts 
Schlick, who owned the new place, ibid. 407. Luther's works, 
v. 509, of that edition. ‘The mines were constructed by Stephen, 
Count Schlick, who fell in the battle of Mohacz. 


pov 


Sea Saas 


—— 


rie AANTAMIBOATE WE 
ot wtsmion set nt vine Jor wonutoqesi: tohsaioab od 
svorgliaa W basi’ yore of vels teal sedi oc tobi 


iustierst otfi to slomuxe wrlzors bbe iw SW 
cil eepelq outs sited: gaiwede wot adt Yo 
seinnens t2orn]n 10) batsertesy ere aoidmsarsg Yo stow 
ends doidant let evedital lo omit oft ol emsy 
eee oil) 01 begneloet belmenlilonol Yo stnnsidadat 
qin adoune ban .nevlewtl antvareM alt bas 
geolt habasttiod vlnalllive ow aadial dtiw coin 
nos lite ow doing bre ool silt WO emsciasowom 
*ngalinnqeerioy #mdtad gies soos 

jo sont anor Usterse doot cetind LAL ol 
OF bateqahenaxitio nevse ;2ltquq al an Indseeridosol 


ot giewrg eid sono ew meg edt sxott mid 
a aried yall -.vtreq oui to anid Alido@ etnyo 


paint w9iin vob ott go iter amatesiosS ¢ blind 
we tet ai bemlquroo caw delidw O80! ,yabau® 
elt ot Yleueivery joo botale witier beasvon bas 


olT . .oalqeods oi Me te dorde ow wood bad sro. 


soteigine agile oil ee wisyiod-to pgntintl .d bevolsd 
mi laciearidiogol ni sncarse Insilagneve bet yo T 
“tt Jon ew snigonwiey ot tok bebe yh aa 
hOl onft.do: olbbinr oily at — isda ¢lodnibous 
Jostlorxs ot yrilonesg bodalng doils erirteran 
wtol Lowadel prod Yo besitt @ svizolinld miiol 
AL basil Yo oeleeoo08 oft goith » 208! tan 
Sale enw bowte Jequ') ol) oomulme.ot bosinaes sdt 
HOE on AO, .mwot cil) Yor-etsuatidlnadi, oid 09 Ja98 


Oner Jaslteoridoaol Yo wositis ,falol' WE at 

who alt ot 4 SOE vd wh. bial ah at 

2 elnew ella” 20 WL osulq won od ‘wile ti 
= a vd bintonnbannery omnow wsiniin 44 

— _xaatolf, Vo alited Bhar 4 
$4 


912 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


of June, 1623, Prince Lichtenstein forwarded the 
following mandate to-the Governor, who was also 
administrator of the domain of Presnitz: ‘ As his 
Imperial Majesty is desirous of establishing peace 
and quietness in all his territories, and among all 
the states and inhabitants, (who are now constantly 
excited by non-catholic and disobedient priests to 
rebel against their lawful rulers) and wishes to 
suppress all rebellion, and restore love and unity: 
I therefore command, in the name, and by di- 
rection of his Imperial Majesty, that you forth- 
with remove all non-catholic priests of Joachimsthal, 
and the adjacent country, who assemble _ their 
-parishioners and preach sermons, and that you 
altogether abolish their divine service.” After 
announcing this command to the people on the 12th 
of August, 1623, the governor, Ch. Grad of Griine- 
berg, locked up the church on the 19th, and three 
days after discharged the clergymen. The first 
minister of the town was Jacob Schober, a native of 
the place; G. Rickler, and Paul Miinch were the 
deacons. Although these clergymen were thus 
forcibly removed, the corporation’s mght of presen- 
tation, nevertheless, remained inviolate. In the 
meanwhile they were spared the infliction of Popish 
priests; but that the children might not remain 
unbaptized, they appointed to this office, on the 19th 
of November, the school-director, Elias Pistorius, 
who was also employed, as long as they had no 
minister, to read the Gospels and Epistles on Sundays 
and holidays, and to give some explanation thereof. 
They gave him a weekly stipend of one guilder, and 
promised him defence and protection in case the 
enemy should call him to an account. That the 


ae LAE es hs i ls BS ok Me 


MOITAMNOTRA-ITHA BET - sig 


ot bohweew? aiacsitond sonitT 280k “sant 16 oe 
oale enw odw aonrvrot) edt oF otebnsnr gniwolidh” + 
cil ah yatlaedeT to cinmob silt to soterteiaimbe oo | 
one ttibeildetes to enopdesh ai yteaiele {ntiogml om 
lin giana ban esrutitre eisf Ue a seveniop bar ou 
yiremmteerors won sm osdw) 2bontidedat bun estore odd 
ot seiny tunihodosih bie sileutenrr gd batiox. 
goat Din (eralier intoreal tienls ieninga Jodat 
i Wini bos svol wtem bar .coilbiden Ile exngqua 
dboyd bes ares ol at boonranen adiomids I 

«tet aoe andi prtesjall laikeqarl sil Yo moisost 

lidsemidonol to sevitg siloiltes-aon lia sromet dite 

sist gkdnreen ore patos aeonibe ols beer! 
coy tole baw anomie doestq. ben evomoileteq. 
miA “Vasivise survih isda deileds aediegotisn: | 
HSE ost ro olyoxny ot oF Doemiros eit walombane 
-aiiriD Yo bet) Ad oreraeg, sls £201 seryuh to 
only bee pGt sit ae detods edt qa badoal pred 
sah oft enrverslo. sdt beytoiieetl win ezeb 
Yo ovitedt # aedoris® dooal, 2a awos oj Teasteinion 
oil? crow donilé Junl bon oldaifl AD paonly odd ~ 

auilt omy nany ey tslo sxolt donodlA.ancorsh 
<n9evty ty tdgit e‘oitwtorres silt herent ybdigtot 
ay al steloive? hosisie: zeslodeeren wroned 
daiqqo"l Yo moltsiftal ols borage ors youls slidyosom: 
siame jon silgin avcbfide edt godt dud 5 etesing 
HI01 sult no ooftte aid) of bertiogqa rsd hositysdnw: 
auhoril sal sometihdoodse oils yusdinevo% to: 
ow beil yor am gael eo Jbovolgine calm enw osbe =~ 
eqehane no eqldziq’l iw elnq200) odt baat pp erosetains 
Jowrntt nolatnkpey Sutoe ovig OF bas gated ira 


hee cebling one t6 bnagite yldoow 2 phys! pat 


oil? geno ad -stoiraatong bere aostetaly Ipeisnorg 
eat 4edT nuvosw on of wanaallen edie 


IN JOACHIMSTHAL. Ph 3} 


dismissed clergymen might not remain entirely 
destitute, the council caused a collection to be made 
for them among the citizens. They also presented 
the first minister with six, and each deacon with 
four ana a half bushels of corn, besides several other 
things. 

In 1624, the Dominican, Dr. G. Landherr, suffra- 
gan of Prague, arrived alone at Joachimsthal. He 
opened the church on the 14th of September, and 
consecrated it to the Roman worship. But he 
had a difficult post, and much to suffer from the 
dislike of the people, as appears in the following 
letter, which he addressed to the Archbishop :— 
“With a heavy heart do I write these lines. I am 
here in Joachimsthal, in much persecution and 
danger of life. The council, it is true, received 
me in the most friendly manner, but the furious 
mob have almost persecuted me to death. I went 
into the church according to my orders, and waited 
there nearly two hours, but none appeared except a 
crowd of rude children. ‘These malicious and 
cursed imps remained all the time, and threw dust 
from above ; and what was most singular, stones were 
thrown at my head from allsides. May his ilighness 
not suffer this occurrence to pass with impunity, 
and may the Governor be requested to chastise this 
disobedience! They called me Satan, devil’s imp, 
great scoundrel, and innumerable other nick-names. 
The best means, I should say, would be to send 
thither a few hundred soldiers, who know very well 
how to tame such rebels. Would that my com- 
mission were at an end in such dangerous places, 
and among such wicked hereties !” 
© Landherr also sent a report of his ill-treatment 


$ nes coment ns mamas 


zguids 
~ttlive redbond 2 a ,easinimod odt 400! gl 
gee TT Aurltemridonol, peattale oviem svgntT lo ang 
bag emda to advhl edt a alytede wl homage 
wt soff  .gidetow nemedh adr of 9% bateinsenos 
eds snort wife oF ilomet ine Mog WWsitib » bed 
gutvollel od? ni etnoqye an yolyusy Sif Io odileib 
“tqodeiddorA ods 01 Ineemthhe ol dofdw jroitol d 
ic .2onil seals atiew 1 wh parsd-yvresd 9 dai» 
baa rotten stove ni julivmitasol ois  -- 
heyivout oui 2i sitions of Ail to Tyan 
fwobiot silt td sonnet elie) teom silt oi om 
dasw 1 ltée!) oF ont betoaieieg teotal ovad dom 
hotiow biw who yonor quillewsse ileus salt ont - 
hye bse soem td wna ort ylimon stds 
hae <tuowilea “wod't -~ wanlilids shot Yo ~bwor 
fouls weds baw eis oft The Bowtintyt apt beewe 
otoW mors luouie Teor 2aw dutw law - evoda mot 
eonligitheidval/ erbie imei bnot yavin wwerds - 
“hunt dive cay Ot somperuoe aids WRus Jom r 
aid? wmitenils ol Ivucon pet od sarevol) ot yun baa | 
int lively wn om bolles yodT  ! notibodosib 7 
eomndedoisrmlto vldeyunvitat hes Jotbavosa tasty 
base of of Muon oye dvorle | vetowm Jeod adT 
flow serv wund oly atsiblow Bathouid ot w todvidy 
“moo yar asl Niuo ehdet ew out of wod : 
eonly svetagnwl dove ni baw it te tere svolenlen 
ee ee | ve 


ee dngattaotdl® aid To soqoy p dag 


214 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


to the town-council, and they instituted au exami- 
nation of the miners, who were said to have been 
engaged to the plot. The anti-reformer was partly 
appeased by the assurances, that the council was 
decidedly opposed to such proceedings. But still 
considering himself in danger, he remained there only 
another night, and quitted the town early the next 
day. It was not until several years after this, that he 
returned and delivered a sermon in the church. 
He then gave personal and written instructions for 
the due observance of baptisms, funerals, and the 
regulation of public worship, according to the 
Papal forms. For this town, as well as several 
other places, had not yet received a regular Popish 
priest, because of the few who were yet qnalifed for 
the office. 

In the year 1625, the commissioners again made 
their appearance at Joachimsthal. But through the 
intercession of the Elector of Saxony, the Emperor 
granted the citizens, and all mining towns of 
Bohemia, a further period of three years tor con- 
sideration. They were indeed permitted to have 
their religiovs worship during that time, but 
were so persecuted with mockery and abusive lan- 
guage, that many who lived near the borders, left 
Bohemia and passed into Misnia. It was in order to 
prevent the departure of the miners, that the expul- 
sion of the inhabitants of Joachimsthal had hitherto 
been delayed. . 

The people also applicd to the Swedish com- 
mander-in-chief at Niirnberg, and to the Evan- 
gelical Princes of the Empire, to intereede in their 
behalf. They at least entertained the hope, that if 
the Protestants should be forced to surrender their 


MR TAT 


ae 


MOUTAMROTHA-PK THT | 
4 


ames wa letytiea? yore bare, atl 

vest ovador bins erew ore eri oft To ‘noite ~~ 

vin saw tooncioenan odT alg adtor begsgae © 

sid lennes oily iat? eooorter wilt vd beaesqge 

ie sx eynihensony due of lesogqo qlbabivab : 

deer!) lscinmotod soganh nt venid gaiobienos 

fron 9:11 fies owed oft hotthnp dene yielgie tadoms ; 
260 fof) sul) woflaetedy levee Dea omenw sl cyab 

Aguile ofa nt noorms # heverlely hus beoniter | 

vw) anditernienl contr hoe loner ova ‘neds oll 

oli lat 2lewnnt emehqiel to qommewedo eub ‘odd : 

ait OF yoiltoosn .qideiow ofldog YW noitelige 

fevvo2 en low ae yrwor eit ef ~~ warict loged 

ilsiqol “talugy & bovisos7 397 Jou lua eogalq ted3o 


7 
wl battiianp wy stw ofv ot od Yo dwnisd Seotig. 
waite ort | 


sbiar plage eonoiseisnmon ony ESTE too odd al 

str dyn ttl dodranidopol ta gometenqrye thodld, 

Toinyercl silf ~yaoxs@ to itoslll oily Yo nolsesgteiat - 
jo eawor guiaiar Un bea aemitiy ot beteang 

-209 ‘tt areey owl Yo boris exdiad » »imsdof, 

oved oF batiuriny beshui ow gaff woltersble 

ted sari godt qui qideww asoiyilor -aiedl 

-onl oviewde bie yrodoonr diiw beniogermeq os ow os 
fisl aroliod ailt tse bovil odw gaan todd gong 

or obio alam) winellotat boemy bow sis 

Joqza oil) tadt maine adt osreb ads Jaoverg ., 
ormiltidl bet Imbtenridosol to atantidadai oly Io goia 


“09 thihowe alt oi boilqqn obs ekyood ng 
-aevl ody ot dam gredmii4 te Wblo-o 
ieds wi shoorsend ot ouigiad alt Yo aponin 
Y tant oqod ont bowiansias danol is-yodT 
“tod! tohuwrue of font od bluods 


en, 


Da 


IN JOACHIMSTHAL. 215 


principal church, which they had built themselves, 
the Emperor would leave them the little chapel in 
the burial ground for the performance of divine 
service. 

Until this period the inhabitants of Joachimsthal 
and the neighbouring villages, had remained in the 
Evangelical faith, having spent considerable sums 
in the purchase of such indulgence; but on the 4th 
of March 1626, the Governor Grad sent an order 
to the council and magistrates, that Joachimstlial, 
Platten, Gotteseabe, Aberdam, &c., should re- 
nounce the errors in which they had hitherto lived, 
and return to the Papal religion. Soon after, during 
Lent, the abbot of Teplitz and dean of Kadan, 
came to instruct them, because the Emperor had 
determined, that his subjects should be of one religion 
with himself; and, if they would not comply, that 
the soldiers should be sent to the town and billeted 
on them. Not long after this, Count Michna and 
two Jesuits made their appearance, bringing with 
them a severe imperial mandate, requiring all the 
citizens, and the new and old council, to em- 
brace the Popish religion, within twenty-four hours, 
and receive the sacrament, or leave the town. 
Several of the new council promised to comply ; the 
others, who would not do so, were left to choose 
between communicating according to the Papal 
church, and quitting the town within a week. At 
the expiration of the time, Matthias Dox was 
thrown into prison, but soon afterwards dismissed. 
The commissioners then ordered all the citizens 
to make no further delay, but instantly to embrace 
Romanism. ‘They requested one day to consider 
the matter. This was granted, and many used 


= — 7 eae 


=. 


tie SAHTOMIBOAOL NE 60. ae 
errsemmods wind lad yout doit sloneity. Lag 
uf logndo olstil oily malt sxeeal ble [ri 


anivib to soneeridiieq silt tl haworg lareud -nult 


SUF ISE 

lndvemidoeol, Yo aummidedet ont botany ail Mig F 
si) di boniamer bad 2ooalliv Baud gion ods hen 
tute sldembiany same guived vtsial lenileguaval 
He SAT Ho td ; ono ghehat dave to swnrloring alt ui 
hoe dare Lint) toarwrul) alt OS81 sor. Yo 
Anidtemtidinon. 1d) sotarseyen Iuee bonne iad oo 
t blyods od ,mialewth Oreo) noel 
fered otvoilsid bal yudtt Avie at ever onl? donnnn 
Bairul we Hook nobpilor lege odtot mutes bus 
MibaA to neal baw xsilqeT hy dada. nds Just 
buil sorsqend ott peunoad. reals dower of staso 
HOF gilor uo Yo 9! blvorle sto9|dnmeish anite Lertisrotal 
2611) Ylqinon Jou Bivew. vould Yi sigs:= Hosni. daiw 
bejsilid baw wwe fly 09 titss od Binoula evsiliiog oils 
baa rabsilt tnvoD aidt rsdn quel w4 snaild ao 
Hu yaiguied wonwrig4é Tiedt eham wlueol ows 
ot He patiupoy oiobngm initoqidi stoves o mth 
-ms oot blo bar wea eit bas eaositin 
Hod amab—rgesn) aidlsive Moigilurs deiygo'T of) oomed 
161 ila aves! 10. Jnourniane wh. ovicoo bun 
oily Sorry boeicuong lisnues wor-oilt'to litayee 


mvols of 


th .Joow s Huot silt peittiop bas’ dotuds 
cow Ko ead, iniy ont ty noitetiqns ~ sil) 
hominy slewwmiin vo aud OMPnT ate crovondy 
enoxitis old Na being sod) suelo od'T 
Samide oF Faauitemd Jus yidol rodeni-on alate ig 


Wwhieros of yah eae. bolempon youll precy 4 é 
bomw qr, bun baotawy any wid't eC a 


7 


216 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


the respite to drive themselves in sledges to the 
Saxon town of Wiesenthal, where they continued. 
Count Michna, afraid that others would follow their 
example, gave immediate orders, to place the 
remaining citizens under arrest, and to punish most 
severely those who should leave their homes. Al- 
though the Governor Grad waylaid the emigrating 
and travelling Protestants for several weeks, and 
ordered the guards to lie in ambush for them, he 
failed in getting a single individual into his power. 
The rich, moreover, procured certain letters of pro- 
tection from the grandees at the court of Vienna ; and 
thus gaining safety for themselves and their property, 
they could not at present be forced to apostatize. 
Thus matters stood until September, 1628, when 
orders were again sent to the town-council, that they 
must all become Romanists; and the citizens were 
summoned to appear in the town-hall on the 3rd of 
October, but they one and all refused to change their 
creed. In January, 1629, Count Kolowrat ordered 
the governor and thirteen other citizens to appear 
before him in Luditz; but they ventured to disobey. 
Indeed the inhabitants of Joachimsthal, were in this 
year cited nine times to appear in Prague. At 
length all Lutherans were dismissed from their 
appointments ; and every one was commanded to 
change his religion within six weeks time. 

In. 1630, the inhabitants of this place were 
again terrified, not only by the commissioners but 
also by the military. They remained constant, 
however, although teased by some faithless coun- 
cilmen to apostatize, and endured many cruel 
sufferings from the licentious soldiery. In 1650, 
the citizens were eventually expelled from the 


noe ea 


== —~e2 


VOMAMRAOTER-ITKHS BUT 


alt ot ewohele ni eochoemelt ovinh ef gigs — 
hemes yailt erode Andraseal 7 To awed 
vio well bhvw evilto dads bieta emai tno. 
alt sonlq of erate atethemtal oveg’ slqatezs , 
foe btn «oc bes sone shaw eexiio geiciamst 
“fA zent! sie? ¥¥eol bina edly seas ylovoyon 
Baiergiiio ody bielyww brits yeowras) oft dysods, 
“repeal “lwtoves y0b etntenotl eullleved bas 

ail jolt 1t_devdern ni oil of alan wilt borebro 
serroy ei oint Isnbrvihut oferta wgquitesg wi olist 
-or fo arta! dintesy bettoong svomem lotr olT 
boa ; aenstY Yo tues silt an exibarry sultant noite . 
eerinqoud vigils han 29y [sancadls ae) -yadtnergpietiog anal 
oxime Of beoral ad tusesrq 1 fom biyoo yady 
sony 2SAt pedmekpe@ linn boow even andT 
godt adt Jionnes-roved oely of 200 Hime mitw etofno 
wer erexiglo ot bee jatateomot sane! Ue sue 
to Wr8 silt no Marl-mwor oidlt pi winepps of Honora 
+iorlt oucrgde od beesitot Mo bieeocy vont tod radoteO 
boshso naiwolod vol) een rounael al teeta. 
THI] A OF ensxitio reilto: nonnitt-bum rome odd ft 
srodoeih of bowngasy volt tid ¢stibu.d mi asl widled 
wists ttf oto dialtartidowol to siumidadabad? besbal 
1A srgetT at moqge of eomi-ania. hatin ta0y, 
tink terol haealineils tow’ enurodrenl de slsgool 
oF babasmnne vw aun “prove baw pabrentaioggs 

pm edow vie nidttw nokgilnebl ogunts 

orair soul etl Yor siusidmlad ote 08h ol... 
twd #ondielitow alt yd yloe Prager go 
andrenoy tetinor ell yvaiiinonde yd ody. 
nos zest mee ys boenet sipwodile vevowardl > 
birie yout bewhin bur axiteteope of moulin, : 
AOL al yeraiblee agolavoil oly, aot | 
oii mot belloqaw erm wn ernie” 


— * 


IN NIMES. 217 


town by military violence. Since that time the 
inhabitants of Joachimsthal have adhered to the 
Papal creed. 

Hitherto we have quoted from Protestant writers 
only, but we are enabled to corroborate their testi- 
mony from documents furnished by the persecutors 
themselves. ‘The following is an ‘* Account of the 
Catholic Reformation, in the domain of Nimes,” 
written by Dr. Taubner, one of the commissioners. 

“On the 23rd of February,” he savs, “ after the 
celebration of the holy mass, all the inhabitants were 
summoned tothe town-hall, where the command of 
his Imperial Majesty was read to them, namely, that 
his Imperial Majesty had determined seven years 
ago, toestablish in his dominions the catliolic religion, 
so salutary and necessary for salvation, but w a had 
hitherto been suppressed by maniiold heresies. For 
there were none other means, which could etiect the 
restoration of peace, the benefit of the country, and 
the welfare of its inhabitants; it is therefore but just 
to obey sucha paternal command, aud follow the foot- 
steps wherein our pious forefathers attained to their 
salvation. Sixty years have scarcely elapsed since 
the true faith was flourishing here, and divine wor- 
ship was performed with great devotion. It would 
only be adding wickedness to injustice, to condemn 


our catholic ancestors; for we must confess, that 


salvation is theirs, who diligently adhered to the 
divine commandments, who erected churches and 
houses of devotion at great expense, who 
industriously propagated the catholic religion, 
practised works of love and mercy, and _ re- 
mained faithful and in the unity of the catholic 
church, unto their end. We also know from the 


— 
——— or 


7 ~ 
Pat a See 
A 
cm cen an 


yIg 
wil) omit tadt sogie 


eet ialias EL 


* Aolnie x) : twot 
wh of fewmdbs syed Lultantiloaol,. to: { 


om nt 


are IniieniorT me) batoup ovvil ow ohediiH | 
“feet tists Wier. OF boldians-sw-ow gud ‘too 
SONI lt 2d hodeinyA Sttatinoh mod aon 


ort ‘hy, Minioad + RG 
wos % ittanitaly 
ae et iilesimgiis silt 3 
oh rete cea pil 


* parwolleh ailT ~ eevboucreds 
al} ai stotganreie sl oilodin) 
0 900 toniluitT 0 ydustinwy 


‘emus Wy hehe aes #0” 


Sir ateeridadloylt Ie pean (lout wile Yo neiterdeles 
10 bimmiates oift wrsdy lled~nvrag gel my horontmisy 


Grail yy lomtun ailt oy 


boss enw yteupeiy: Distanapersd. ated 


easy ares Loitierstyl Lyi Weal daiveg ml aif 
etorgilyy ailciltey orly éntuiastob vial wb dell scpen 69 gn 
had dotthn rit woingslas xo) Cumeonuae dram puttselos os 
19” eOeorad Ludtiays (2 boseonyqate tied otredsial 
iT tosis bli jinisty HLL tote opto wrow erat 
Dinter titties sit) Yo IPanad ads NN] IO Holt OIeO1 


dit ind gtoloiesd) 3f 35 


“Jodi ails Welle! baw asotncoden 


i Muctidedtett eff Wo ertaltlern oils 
tng tious yedowt 


Welt of Bauiaste esndiginnct ev0lG TH sttirrsilie scrote 
foot boa y lorie spud Puy UN .Hoiteyiga 
“0H Onivils baie visil Beideruol eww sliia oust odd 


J 


Llgow it .Aoitey sh tnorg slttw hoamalyoy enw qida 
minshnos oF Sohre1jui 03 esothodsiv paibbe od ylao 


daily POD denny 9 


1 10h. sag 


Soin ¢ 100 
oft ot bora Zhavgilib oxkay tint +i poitayiug 


bos eiilouids beaseyn 


only Pom bagersios anivil 


oily peitegys fiz 18 _ noltevel, Yo evanod 

erp lsy sulouddisy wilt bose upon Ylenomeubai 

‘et Daw yore baw val. sto edsow  hositomg 
ow 


ailoiltes ot Yay: 
od? mori wood iy 


i ban tutti hoaiooy 


218 THE ANTI-REFORMATION 


inspiration of the Holy Spirit, that there is but one 
God, one faith, and one baptism ; consequently 
all differences of creeds must fall under suspicion, 
and they can be nothing more than weeds, which 
have been sown among the good seed, by the 
wickedness of man. 

‘“* Who is there possessed of common sense, that 
would desire to conclude his life in such heresy? 
Who can hope for peace and unity so long as there 
are such various errors? Our dear country proves 
with abundant tears, what evils these religious 
divisions have produced, how many wars and insur- 
rections they haye occasioned, how many churches 
and cloisters they have destroyed, and that the (com- 
munion) cup for which they pretended to struggle, 
was not filled with the blood of Christ, but with the 
blood of many thousands of our countrymen. War 
is no advantage, we all require peace.” 

“ This and the like we represented to them; 
but they asked fora further delay. After dinner, 
we asked each one separately, what objections he 
had against the Catholic religion? But as they all 
continued to request a postponement, which we 
only considered a subterfuge, and as we would 
not Icse time, we divided them into two par- 
ties, and I and Lorentius Himmelblau, began to 
teach them the catechism, explain the articles of the 
creed, and instruct them in the confession and 
communion, so that forty-four of them have em- 
braced the religion, made a confession and taken the 
sacrament in accordance with the catholic church. 
Among these was one Simon Tauber, son of a 
Lutheran preacher, who (fine fruit of such a tree!) 
said: ‘ that he would rather voluntarily go to hell, 


anal 


er nnye vere re 


sere yin a Tr Hh 


‘e 
SS 
Tr me 


a ll 
VOITAMAOISA-ITWA ANT Big 


ate tud dl ods tadt Jitiqt qloH ods to apigeviqent _ = & 
vigweu peeaiy retaliqnd sae hus deh eno .boD_ 7 
ormiqens avbisr dt tener showw Yo aoaoshth Ms | 
oily ehsow audi oom gabdvow of nud vod) bas 
wilt yd base boog edt yoomm mwor asad aved 
aman to aeeabodoiw 
trald sects aeoartron to liseaseeng sidels at ofl W 
_-160d due wi ST sl obnlvaws o7 sxlteb bloow 
orytt an pus! 6 wit bira soneq~dteqed, imo ol VE 
awrety ‘Tunis wel vO Yerorte apekray dove ste 
annégilus sess lion tavtw eumot dampbeudss ditve 
usu brn erew cronite Wo | beovbow evel anvieivib 
wits yroot wot ,bonvlesne oval yorlt enoltest 
-100%) alt todd bos Soyonesh sved youd exmetols bas 
kggnite ot hobmereng vod? doidw el yas (aotusns 
adi dim tad sent) Wo boold sid altiw hollt tom sew 
iat .eperysinwos Toto abacawods yaw to boold 
*oysay niupor lle ow ogeiaavhs om 4 
:amedd of botmsecqan ow oll ods dew eit * : 
sortib aft ovaleh rorkeut awit badeo quilt Jud: 7 
oil enoltoaido asthe oyletreqes soo done bodap se 
In ort an 1G] * ooinifor oilorita dels taniege bad 
ow doidw Jmambacqieoq o sept of hewnttaos 
hice? ow no bre ,yittdue es bowbienos  yloo 
-ing owt ott riot bebivib ov qoerit, ol Joa 
ot weged wwildloomil evitaeod baw 1 bos seal 
wilt to ealoites sift siniqrs smaidosteo aul? wanes lonot 
bre noizesinos odd ni mrt doustactt bag .boet 
-« oved prailt Yo wot-yrot sod oa .nolmumares 
5 wilt soda hee malteetios x bam -sronpgiies. ail boom 
 dertuilo oilediee edt tive sonubiopse of tasmistone 
ato aot poduwT gomi®< ono exw nay) gmomA 
(ow) se Aowe Yo seal oull) ordw ottomwy mars ’ — 
oil of og Vlendendoy roster blow od toads? 3 La @ 


IN NIMES. 219 


than be drawn to heaven by the hair of his head.’ 
But he has after all been drawn to our faith, not by 
the hair of his head, but by kind words, and sound 
arguments. We have found many other such ob- 
durate persons, but by the grace of God, we have 
brought them into the right foid. 

“* Here we remained until the 5th of May, and 
during this time 801 persons from Nimes and 
Schwabitz, have made a confession and taken the 
sacrament. Before our departure we also burned 
the Lutheran books, but these were not many, the 
town having been burnt a few years before by the 
military. 

“ This reformation has easily and happily been 
accomplished, because the magistrate and other oth- 
cers being absent, the burgomaster was zealous in 
acting against the heretics, though up to the time of 
this reformation he had himself been a Lutheran. 

“ From Nimes the commissioners went to Grafen- 
stein, near Zittau, where it was more difficult and 
more dangerous, and they were obliged to depart 
without accomplishing any thing.” 

Who, on reading these visits of the commissioners 
is not reminded of the Reformation-visits, which 
took piace a century before in Saxony, conducted 
in a very different spirit—though very similar 
to these in form? They were also dissimilar in 
their results, because the Saxon “ visiters’” at- 
tained their object without much opposition, and 
without harsh measures; they also found very un- 
cultivated priests, and could promise to send _ better 
men, whereas the Bohemian commissioners dis- 
missed the learned men, and for the most part could 
only supply their places with ignorant monks. 


sd 


1g wane my 
“bool aid Yo sind oct yd stern ob ise 0d enale 
ed tag ttt) 20 09 awerth wood Mavi od sul 
hamton baw abrow bnid ed sad dno oleh oth 
«Uo tue soitte quant Lovet ayal ol hrontirgis 
svail ay bol) Yo surg od ydetad en0eIY sieub 
-hiot Jilgix ods otal mesilt sifguond 
bes yal to dvd adt Jiay hemiamey ow sie * 
Jee-emil, mot anos 102 mie <idy yrisb 


at? andl hee nojestuys ashen oved  xtidawdod 


fescue “cals sw stuazeqal sm web aging : 
wi Yaa 100 sy sess sid yedlond meradtinT ois 
ait yd orsled etney yet aderndil qead gulved nwo: 
 Spvitities 
md yllqqad. boo yliese col molteuuier ae" 
-fi) vedio bin sterner olf aeiueet elowdeilqeroogn 
St sHolbes tow re220mOgIud oll) agen aetiod #imo 
Yo anit ofl} 04 qo skquosli evitensel wilt tetloys Quiton 
mertoniol x gaad toes bunt wo mmltaneaor ats 
“SNE? al 109m eromtoieeicnation weld ome, mond - 
hire doeilib org enya orarly OHS tod niste 
Mingo of bogie new yoit-baw ebotswrtb sion 


* 
ilouly Hiety-adiimare teh ody bo bobuirast tow af > 
beroubaos jynoxeS gi ouclod. yruess a aoniq Joos 
mwilinie tov rige ev . 
at salimizaid one gum. yodT 4 ard et szodd 
ie oe er | 

B Me tnodsiye it boat; 
“Au Tay Led oaks yoilt ; eomuecuet snail soit : 
Tatied bage ot elmo blues bi ; 
HY etonoiiauags aninquidodd oily 
bivon 310g Jeo alt 1, bug ont Now 


PAW PERSECUTION IN 


We shall now lay before our readers some account 
of the proceedings of the anti-reformation com- 
missioners in the duchy of Steyermark, at the close 
of the 16th century, which chiefly occasioned the 
resistance of the Protestants to the Emperor Fer- 
dinand, and their well-founded abhorrence of his 
principles. The following are extracts from a state- 
inent of Amandus Hanauer. 

“The Archduke Ferdinand,” he says, “one day 
called on the Duke of Ferrara, and afterwards paid 
a visit to the Pope; the latter would not admit him 
to his table, until he had promised, by the holy 
sacrament administered by the Pope himself, that 
he would expel the Lutherans from his territories. 
When the archduke’s sister was about to be con- 
veyed to Spain on her marriage, some foreign 
soldiers, under the pretence of escorting her, came 
to Graz, and energetically fulfilled her wish not to 
leave the town until all the Lutheran clergymen 
were expelled ;* and those whom the gentry and 
nobility had hitherto so faithfully protected, es- 
pecially in the time of Ferdinand I., who could not 
dispense with the assistance of the nobility during 
the Turkish war, were now suddenly obliged to 
leave through the machinations of the Jesuits. In 
vain did the Lutheran states petition for their recall. 
The other towns of the Steyermark were also com- 
pelled to dismiss their Lutheran clergy, and the 
miners of Ejisenerz, who would not obey, were 
arrested, and their church was blown up with gun- 


* Some indulgence had hitherto been shewn, because the 
people of Steyermark supplied Ferdinand with money. It 
is said, that they sacrificed forty tuns or barrels of gold, each 
40,000 dollars. See Caroli Memorabilia, i. 3. 


er rete 


ML ROrruoseAst a ¢ 
Innonon omoe FiAbnat vuerordtend ent were Melee © 
-treo notimardioncdar ede To ayitihinowmng oft tow : 


sols ot in dranreet® Yo vdoul oilt ai ernokesist, § x9 
mild bemolnnsoe vitelia dsidyr ppuyna APOE odd to 
el yoroquil wif of aranesterT ait Wo sonetalert 

aid Yo ooarreddy bobandl-lisw thei has .bonnib. 
~otote muri stomiay ort intvoliot alt .eelqioaiag 
a connrohl even Yo ties 

qab io” eye od “baobab sdubdoek aT” 

hing ebwwrete bro eroret Yo oft edi ao belles 

rid. sacha toa bluow wwtal silt ysqo wd} ot fishy 5 

glow only gd hosting Lonel orl « fsa yaldict tel, ot 

tnilt Moeatid sod oct yd bowteinicthe tiem 
eotottrint sid met encmilsed: sly taqesblogw od ; 
109 ad of tnode ann cuiie e'odubvlow odd aed: 
mpisvot saree Sparrtoat ‘wil ao niga beyey 
simu paul qairrowes to gonetenq orld dole atachloa 

os yor vet sod Lotlitit yileotyorome han aii) of 
comygywlo mumltnd ods Ha ive wwot ot ovaol 

has vringg ods modw osolt boo +; ballagze ow 
-29 Jerre oefluiiltit oa ottorlyid baal ysilidom ~ 

jon bluoe odve ,.d tarettibrel to omni ai Masog: 

giiush ysitaloa ods Yo nomitalsen txts alter nednqaib: 

of byvilde Yluabbims won cow aww did lot , 

ol .etioggl odf Yo etroitaciionar ailealgronls ovacl 
Meoor rinds wh soitiiod 2oreve mtrrodtad ot bib giny 7 
109 dela oto Atparra'ysi4 wilt Te anwot malo ott _ 
olt bie grptols suetodtud todd asimeti ot bollsq 
eww odo tow Muow ow) soni to eatin 
-urg diiw qu awe an cerinls sods dew yboteorg 


Sidr senannd wed otto amossid had. tne mony . 

A cqonnon ative beauilvm' bailgqua sramangstt Yo 3 

lope ,blog Jo slanted, eg oe bine at al 
| pte ihe gn anaftols OOOO ; 


THE STEYERMARK. 29) 


powder. In Graz they demolished the altar, and 
the people were prohibited, on pain of death, from 
celebrating the communion, or baptisms, or marriages 
in any other place, and even from singing German 
hymns at their homes. Many citizens were 
punished, and compelled to flee from the Jesuits.” 

The following statement of the same events was 
written by the Catholic provost, Jacob Staynz, 
counsellor of the Archduke Ferdinand: ‘ When 
His Highness,” he savs, ‘“‘ perceived the sorrowful 
condition of religion in his three territories, (Steyer- 
mark, Karnthen, and Krain) and seriously considered 
that he violated his conscience by tolerating the per- 
nicious Augsburg confession in the capital, (Graz) 
and by daily and hourly hearing with his own ears, 
as it were, the blasphemies of the shameless 
preachers against the clergy and secular autho- 
rities: he could not fail to lay the subject first before 
God, in prayer, and then to consult with his chief 
counsellor:, how this insufferable evil might be 
remedied, and thus a greater extent of injury and 
opposition be prevented. It was, therefore, stated 
and proved, that for the sake of religion, a thorough 
reformation had become requisite, whereby the foul- 
tongued puffers, the preachers, being the authors 
and propagators of the misunderstandings between 
the sovereign and his people, together with the 
misled, erring, and obstinate subjects, should be 
expelled from the territories of His Highness. 
Furthermore, it was shewn that His Highness 
would not only be justified in effecting such a 
reformation, but thxt he would also thereby perform 
a salutary work, and bring once more into the right 
way a considerable number of poor and erring 
souls. 


ree “AAMASYSTS get he 


Biot Jhiesb to ging ao boride oer | 
eN2Or Tend 10 ,2cmreiny yl TO aed si 


hae junta oft hodsitommah yous iguanas | 


noi) prigsie ao cove hein anal s9rkto yun pt 


aww sonhis youll encod tied ge eooyd 
“tte oth) noi) pat of bolloqnios tra bodaimug 

sn eras ort oft To Jenene gatwolla odT 
ee owl oven, oiled ot yd. coitiew 
~~ ara * ; heesitryst odlbdond yl. -rollsemuon 
hiiwortos odt bovisomq” eye od “eeemlaiH aH 
“Uy TNe) ashottrint ovis id ab autuilet lo aoitibiros 
Derebiedes vlavorne ban (eho baw, alterna dom 
“is, sil) gatietlo! yd sonvineipaid botnlort od tard 
(unk?) lusiqes oft of noieediron gindegud evoinin 
2169 rn a iden oniioo: Utwod dn yleely yd bis 
eedlvetode oly to eoietodqentd oe soow ai ee 


J “oiliua ilies bon ygisls odd sapiens 
widte! tavit geoihpe sdt yal of fib tom blows od « eaitts 
tonly sil thive aluzmoo at corls daw emeqmnep att bot 
“ Oo! niginy lye aldingftrent ellt od .solloxnuos 


ban yyujnt to dmsize roles i eekt bre boiboonst 
batata nlerult ear al bonagywng od noisizoggo 
guotodd # molyile lo odne odt-aehctnels ovotq bes 
“luot ody ydowedn saislupos secoggd ied noltwuriedenr 


eodian oft grind adsasq ot gasiteg batrgnod 
naewiod euudwutew sein sdf. Yo evelegeqorq bas 
vill iw qealione, wlqooq eid bee angiowyoe ot 


od bluoila aavidue otmuivedo. Jam cgaina’ ,bolaien 
seonigi will iy esivotiviot ot ano bolleqee 


7 4 love gaindiin wi boAiteny, od ylno jon bivew 
amohieg ydovult oda binwn arf tall tad sol teordts 

. tdgrr od) oni e001 o9K0 gad bin alos & 
guhee bee wey Wo toda of sa a 


adi ags PERSECUTION IN 


“ And though the people of the Augsburg con- 
fession may oppose this, (as it is supposed they will,) 
and among other convenient subterfuges, appeal to 
the religious peace concluded within the Roman 
territories, they, after all, cannot advance a single 
solid or reasonable objection; even the religious 
peace alluded to is altogether against them, because 
the rulers, and not the people of the country, 
are considered and acknowledged to be the members 
of the Roman empire. It has also been found, that 
the “ Pacification,’’ (as Protestants here call it,) 
afixed a. p. 1578 to the walls of Prague, would 
be of little avail to the Lutheran subjects; since the 
grants which they received from the late Archduke 
Charles, are in no wise binding on the royal heirs of 
the above named territories, but have merely been 
a “ personalis concessio seu permissio,’ and do not 
therefore extend to heirs and successors; as his 
Highness has indeed expressly declared, that he by 
no means wishes thereby to bind and constrain 
his heirs. Yea, his Highness, the late Archi- 
duke, met with so many vexations, reprehensive dis- 
respect, and oppositions, both in religious and civil 
affairs, that he contemplated the revocation of such 
concession or rather toleration, on account of the 
gross abuses to which if gave rise; and lhe 
evinced such great remorse and sorrow, for this 
connivance, that he would certainly have abolished 
the same, if he had not been so suddenly removed 
from this world. His death has been much hastened 
by the Protestants, during the rebellion which broke 
out in Graz. 

. “It is true that the expulsion of the Lutheran 
preachers, could not very well be accomplished 


twee 


“1 vorrasaensa : 
-no avndegué silt Yo siqooq adtatguony bok an 
Alive yout Denoestie al ss aco : 


bt loaqet erottwidus sataeyeo wedio 
mono silt atiriw hsbuloaed mesma 
afpale s sousvhe tonne in tafe vost eoivadiviey 
avoigiin wit were 2 moioofde eldacaenet x0 bios 

waliawed wall feriage wotlooonts ef ot hobulth Soaeq 


eee Sau Hiuey ott Yo siqoay silt yor bay stolot ad) 


#odmom di od of baphalyoaiéen bina Innobienos ote 
jell! Arc reed cafe evils] oriqutie maatoll aitt Yo 
(fi Ney erod-etanizotorl 26), “aitneilinel” sia 
Eolipeowe urges to allaw onl} ul EVOL a x benilts 
wit vomits; edSsjsue nord int od? of Have oll te ad a 
sclisbilorA. stat sits’ mov’ bavisnan godt ifbintw ataary 
Yo misd levor off no yalbuid ostw on at ore xoladO 
ceed vfnan aval _tud ,stotlemt bamen svode off 
tort Ob fw “\okeiwctse sine leeway wlonortag "a 
eul #e peiosasoona bus etlod of famtzs sicher 

y0 od ted! ,borelosh yletiqzs beshitt aeil son - 
Tutus nia baid ‘ot vdesil? egidlely sabe an 

-lonk etal aft seer eld oY eta “id 

~ib ovinesdengrs envitaray Yin ov Ail iom odib 

livin ham andtgiles af dtodd auoitaoria bine dosqast 

(lone 16 nottegoyey selt bershqarems wad sed eTishte : 
alt Yo temogsn co .noitetsion wilte 40 

ol bow ps8 sven vi slit at ener ea01y 

aidi Wt werrtoe bis OMIOUTST inery tous boontre : 
hodeiloda s4ail ylaiares bluow’ af allt ooasvittiten 

hovemer yinshbie 02 rood jon bust ont he 


Dowonentl done aon! wail inal aE tibno ab 7 
odor doiddw vaiiledir ot? yet a : 
merit ot ete old Pct ws | 


‘bodleilqrroass bt Myo yr aOR 


THE STEYERMARK. 293 


without previously giving information thereof to 
the people of the Augsburg confession, and it was 
also observed, that they would occasion all sorts of 
lamentations, hindrances, and petitions, and thus by 
delay, the affair would become the more difficult. 
But his Highness is not bound to parley with the 
confessionists, who have retained their preachers in 
Graz, without any consent of his Highness, and 
therefure without any justly authorized title: the 
people, moreover, know that they have no power 
to prescribe laws to his Highness, in the towns 
and places of his own dominion. But for the sake 
of better order, his Highness has, September 13th, 
1528, issued a decree to the governors and officers 
in Steyermark, commanding them to remove and 
abolish, within fourteen days, all church preachers, 
and the whole church and school system, as well 
in Graz and Judenburg, as in the other towns and 
places belonging to his Highness, and to direct such 
preachers and schoolmasters, to quit the territories 
of his Highness, within the above specified time, 
and not to be seen therein again. The governors 
and officers are also, henceforth, to abstain from 
appointing such like preachers and servants in any 
town under the dominion of his Highness. 

‘This occasioned a lengthened and troublesome 
correspondence between his Highness and_ the 
governors, and the decree remained unintoreed ; his 
Highness, therefore, in order to eifect the removal of 
the Lutheran ministry, together with its whole party, 
on December 23rd, sent a decree to the preachers, 
school-directors and schoolmasters, to the effect, 
that they are, by virtue of this royal decree, in- 
stantly and entirely to abstain from all preaching 


=a 


— a 


7 -— —nt ad 
ST 


———— 


0} Wworsd? moitenrrelyt Raita su 


anw at bow o sy alt 08 
vd waslt Ding AUolHod bre eaonuntinid: aroiteinoomt 
Aesth store stl) s:noved yew idiip ald ,yalob 
wit Witte voli 0: Bagod ton & eeondgilt sid qwff 
terilounig lady heateyor svnd wily eteinoieestaoo 

ieeidett ail Jo sexe vie aweulting sini) 
salt Paley bestrerdian ‘han Ym avodiiw sihereds 
wereq “on aved od? ton wand ,wveotom 
trey ont at seondaiH aid of eoyl odinsegry, of 
ses oct Tl tuT “noinimob nwo eid Yo ssualg bos 

ALT wdarsias2 pil eeortyi lt sil hyo. reried Yo 
emvio haa erentoyoy ald of agepals bosast 228! 
ban s7oars1 04 grasti tires Atnitrw yO sat 
Atailoavig dotwdo [le aa avetiuet widiin wletloda 
flow 22 urtezs Ioddoa par donuts sled y only bay 
bre eawod widtd daily ul un mutwobert, bine sit) pn} 
Howe towih or bas 22903114 eid wr guigaolad 
sohiotitis) ail tip of et iacmlooslss fy 2 | 
St beRisnye syode ols ntidtiy Monet] ait Yo 
stormy ofiT eye sherds ise od 09 Jou bas 
mot timed ot dricissrod sbala oth zmoiila bas 
400 at atherne fun etailonuiq adil Maue yaisniogg 

testis MT il to noiniaoh oft an 
snioestnon bow Iuusidtgeol lomoizenpe aisl'T 


7 _ 


ott bie eenuluill sid moo wded 5 pe cin 109 
eidl ; hsorinidy boninare sr1o%b galt PI vOR. 
Yo Invomart oil a93) 6) tebt0 ni aluvails @eoudgiH 
tVtaq aloudve 235 ithe Walleye CU siniar errors! oily 


enlonoty silt oj Sook a days Libe ) ; / 


Sosy odd ob Ptotenmlvorioa bie 


“ai wotoab Taxon. aii to sussiy “vegly } 
ying rape ‘whtitida of (othe bat ee 


294 : PERSECUTION IN 


and teaching, and to quit the principality and 
territories of his Highness within eight days, and 
not to return again under penalty of death. 

“ But as the preachers only obeyed the first part 
of this decree, and shewed some resistance with re- 
gard to the second, by seeking here and there all 
kinds of protection and defence, their further stay 
being also likely to produce some evil consequences; 
his Highness sent them another very peremptory 
command, positively to depart the town of Griz and 
its district before sun-set, and the whole principality 
within eight days, and under forfeiture of life not to 
be seen therein aiter the specified time. 

*« Upon this, these useless birds arose, and each 
flew to that country where he hoped to find some 
fellow believers of his kind. This departure caused 


the Catholics great joy, but was an extreme gricf 


to the Lutherans. 
“ The commencement of this expulsion has taken 
place in Graz, because the eyes of all were on 


this town, which was the greatest and worst nest of 


preachers, from whom the others in the country, 
strolling and wandering sectarians, were for the 
most part raised and ordained, according to their 
obnoxious custom. 

“ Notwithstanding that after this there was no 
other than the true Catholic religious system 
practised in Graz, the sectarians were still, at first, 
very rarely scen at the divine service or sermons. 
They yet hoped for the return of their preachers, 
whose poison they had inhaled to such a degree that 
they remained in obstinacy, until in the course of 
time their minds were softened by indulgences and 
other good means. 


ete e ot Loa 


Cryer Ie) 


SCL Wee HUN AltA 


nr eee wrote wie: a NTT iy 


cA neni al it Lis lb Li da Maa ee 


mi: WONTUDRARET Oy 
bar viileytoty oi tiep oF Ione 


biue.wewh Whats wiliiv eeomfyilf «hl Yo plo 
dob Vo pleas tebaw dingy murat ob one 
oq dR alt herode vino ervbanovg gilt ea ttf" 
~t thie sonnei ounde Donal hon ooh adie © 
Ne omaly bos omel guido dl baboye orl? of firey 
yale sollte, thal sortah hae antietony Yo abnid 
faupmorcs hve ones oouhowy ay Ybulil ofa guisd 
Tokpuing yey Talons mods tie sehalyihl sid 
bite 5i8) Yo crwut oult Yeaqaly 09 Yisvitieay Lernmenos 
Wihnpomiy slot olt bas sse-nys eidied sorteily att 
of tom atl Yo stwtishdt wsbou how syabadyte wii 
Str) betes sdt vette mipisilt aise od 
fone baa. geom dbrid seolser sesly gidt nog « 
antes betit OF heqdil of srodw euembe hele oF woo ; 
hoavap stingol ill bial aid to stepsilod’ wollst 
hoitg onrtse im enw Td vol terrg esilodinD orld 
meevolint alt ot 
souls eal aolelucprs shit 10" ones sieamwnnoe 4eT : 
| 


no sat Wa 10 eyo sci -senioed si ai sonlq’ 
to Jeon tetow baw teotaorg oY ean Jotilw wrod elitr 
rodeo wit elie alt aiotive mod ewlonstgy 
nit tol won enuiiaee yansbeng hen woillowe 
Told od yuibsosoe Loeainbio Liaw bosiet trq tou’ .™ 
imate evoizonde ; 

on row orodd silt tothe Jad) ynibiedteliinion ‘ ss 
mays enoiyiles ilodta sir adf “maily qoilio® 7 
der he Mite wow anainwione ol) (SE at Leeks : 
anouriye 10 99retee onivih il) 46 nem mein oot 
Peiloaeiy ties Yo nustor off sot haqod toy youd : 
ut sorgob a dtomeent bolodas biel yale absiog Gyotbar 

Fseuy, cl mb fitter seoneiedo nt beaioreet ym 
bie enoplubad gd benaitor ovav abeiety iol 


THE STEYERMARK. 2S 


“ For the better maintenance and administration 
of this happy reformation, his Highness appointed 
Ch. Paradeyser, governor of the town of Griz, 
and sent him privately to Austria for the purpose of 
collecting a regiment of soldiers. When these euar- 
dians of the town and protectors of the Catholic faith 
arrived, a singular fear pervaded all, and many a 
one lost both his courage and his hope of the return 
of the preachers. That all this has been so suceess- 
fully accomplished, may be attributed to fear of the 
principal castle, which is capable of commanding 
and overpowering the town by its cannon. After 
the expulsion of the Graz preachers, the others, 
who resided at Judenburg and Laybach, were also 
compelled to quit; the strictest orders and com- 
mands haying been issued, though they were 
slowly and unwillingly enforced. 

“Thus it remained for some time, until the 
Diet of 1599, when the sectarian states of Nir- 
noten, Krain and Steyer, made loud exciamations 
against this reformation, which they called a 
grievous persecution and restraint of conscience ; 


and presented a long petition on the subject of 


religion. On which occasion, Ehrenreich Saran, 
the sub-marshal of Steyer, delivered a speech be- 
fore his Highness, so severe, sarcastic, and bold, 
that all right-minded men who heard it, became 
very indignant and disgusted. But the goodness 
of the pious prince endured it all with patience, 
though it certainly deserved a different treatment. 
The confessionists then determined, to allow no 
grant to be made until they had received a siutis- 
factory answer to their petition. This, however, his 
Highness refused, and demanded that the Dict 
VOL. I. Q 


Sb ae Alben mld wal a 


” sate Sc ELA 


~ 


age anamnarate wae 


voiweaieby funn osisentatan niatiad alt 0 


homiogge zeoudail]l aid noltterniioa yquqait alittle 
pe lo ovo! odd to someveg roxrobewT-d) 
omg, oid 1 site A of ylotuviny anid toe bow 
“nity otvill aod TT setotbloe to sasmriee s ‘gaitvallon 
ital otlivdyatd ads le osvonng ban eve ald Io enaib 
Ayan Soe Alo bsbavig zdt antieyale a’ hovivw 
ease HTN) oil Yo sqod aid bow swe il dtod 20! san 
“peoug of Mond aul elt Ue tod cemntoneng orl Yo 
mi to ss or bomrdisga i yen ooitelfqmooon yl 
vivineniatoa to. sidecqno ei stoldw- soltens Liyionitg 
with omg ett ad’ avon silt nerevoqm7o ban 
inka silt crnloneng sit) silt Yo avieluges oils 
wale stow aloedys] bas gindaghul ae bobtev ow 
“109 bow male eetoine odd. jpthagy 08 bolleqnsa 
vin yalt sguady jhoveei qed puted abytem 
-bortolas yiguilltiren bun ylwole 

ml) lito mit since 0) benign si) aufT™ 
“HA Jo site nebruspse ola sod COST lo doit 
enoitaniilors lwok shonr ayo hata cist yaaton 
# belles. yout doidw aditewesdig sixlt tentiengs 
FooeemO? to nic bite wolkwod antovsing 
Yo anaidue oft wo soititeq. yeah @ hotomssty bite 
Ui6e slieuor dl foizonse. dolby uO ul gilor 
“ol hve @ bovwvitsh 197938 Yo dadetamedun vids 
bias lust, sieeve .oieye8 oa eonilyill eit stot | 

juin ti teed why com. bobmiee-rboit Ma duds 


zouloog wl) sud borg bm Jaarpibat yrev . | 


meow, iw Mai beibus ssminy eoiq alt Yo 
MOMP ene snemitih a hovewb “chaintos st dguds 
Pula od shoolmmoieh sols Heimoizeiiues ollT 
ie & hoviouds Ded youll liion ofp oad ob 
- ail roxy 


ai ody sad doar Ye boaniton 


226 PERSECUTION IN 


should previously be dissolved, to which the states, 
after manifold replies, at last yielded, but not with- 
out great dificulty. In the meantime, his [ioh- 
ness took into consideration the above-mentioned 
petition, and sent them a detailed reply and refutation 
of all their complaints, with this clear and summary 
declaration :—that his Highness would in nowise 
discontinue his salutary work of reformation, but 
rather sacrifice his life with his principality, and 
every thing else.” 

This Romanist writer then details the treatment 
of the Protestants, by the commissioners in various 
towns of the principalitv, who were seconded on 
every occasion by the military; im all respects it 
resembles the course adopted in Bohemia, as has 
already been described. The preachers were ex- 
pelled, the churches blown up with gunpowder, the 
books were burnt, and the gallows were erected in 
the streets ; and thus, by intimidation and violence, 
the wretched inhabitants were compelled to join in 
the celebration of the Popish rites. 

“In Schladming,” he says, “the Lutheran and 
Flacian preachers were busy at the same time 
among the miners and workmen, so that this place 
might well be called a regular emporium of heretics, 
and the chief fountain of every error. Here re- 
sided Hans Steinberger, a grand originator of the 
preachers, and the idol of the whole superstitious 
neighbourhood, a bad man, and one hardened in 
heresy, in whose possession were found many evil 
and obnoxious works, and the papers of a malicious 
correspondence, besides some rude lampoons de- 
signed for the mockery of true religion, This man 
has, for several years, done great mischief, and much 


aia Mh NA IOLA 


tetas BEES 


vl wolroosera4 ‘> (ee 


a util 
with galt tity or bevlowih st yleneteny bibode 
iin dom wal lviblory saat tn 2ollqat bidtiueny toflp 
=yill zit omitooenr ot of esloslilih wigs tx0 
lrutinonovode edt noitcmbienes Otat Zool seg 
noite hie viqot halietoh o anedd gape birt .oititeg 
finn bite tools 2tilt iltiy atolahyiaey vied Me Yo 
wwon se binow aontytlt enl ttt =< aoltiraloob 

“Tit jnoiteuridiot Yo Atow vratilie ald souttdooath 
bas .piloqiuirg sil iite dil aid getters todter 
“halo gahia yrs 
jnsenipetd oft elinigh molt totiiw tigeuoil eidT 
sncier i eronoiesionntos silt yd etnmentanl oils Yo 
nO babroose sw olw orileymurny edt To exwot 
1 etoagqees Ha at ; yustilinr pds 7d metteiao Yr1sy¥s 
anilen stroiot wi botgohe sewoo edi esidmeast 
za een etedoong ott joditoest goad yhasile 
Mit jolaqairy ibiw qu avold eaters alt eballog 
(i here stew ewollog ot ban swt ern adood 
onvlon hue auilehimitat yd jeailt bite ¢efearis silt 
ii nin}, OF bollsquies oven etuntideilad Betlosorw odd - 
enn igo si to aotlewslos odt 
bus aomgilind A” ye ol “ynimbelilee nl ~ 
oinit omee od te yen wow ek. ee a 
souly ett tadlt oz stow Jiow Daw ersien oft poole 
etowil to mavttogins relegot a bellno of Low tginn 
“or soll 09 “yisvo to tistauel Teds oil) bute 
oil! to sotenigite basrg 1 gto iis! sae by _ 
svoititeryue vlodw ails to Tobi ot Baw arodl: : 
fi horra lived pave htis cont Ded Loi Parod dyiog 7 
Livy yer Benet spe volseezo seodW mt herald!” 
Me «lo eroqag aul bio ediow enaitondy has 
“uli enooqital obux Gator esbieod ourlinogeyte9 - 
Her sill noigiliw ant Yo vtodoon aiff tt ee 
Hoa bee Joidssinn tanng ontols etsy Latay _ 


AP ie 


ba 


ee 


THE STEYERMARK. Car 


harm by the education of various sectarian preachers. 
He had also a library of all sorts of books, and 
fancied himself very clever, when after all he did 
not know how to distinguish the Lutheran from the 
Flacian doctrine. As this ringleader would not 
withdraw himself from the sectarians, nor render 
due obedience ; and since he has, moreover, been a 
hedge-preacher, and, as it were, half a minister, he 
was sent to Graz, though he was afterwards 
liberated, notwithstanding his numerous and _per- 
nicious crimes. His and other heretical writings, 
together with the citizen’s books, were all sacrificed 
to Vulcan, and destroyed in the fire.” 

The commissioners mention two things as re- 
markable in Graz; first, that the books burned 
there amounted to 10,000, and that the foundation 
of a Capuchin church was laid on the spot where 
they were destroyed; and secondly, that an old 
Doctor of Laws, when asked of what religion he 
was, replied, “he was neither a Lutheran nor 
a Papist, but a Christian.” When further asked 
who was his spiritual minister, he answered, “ Christ 
is my spiritual pastor.” After a long dispute, he 
was declared to be “the idol of the Lutherans at 
Graz,” and immediately expelled from the town. 
“He deserved (say the commissioners) something 
more; but he has been spared on account of his 
ereat age.” Their report thus concludes :—* May 
God reward this praiseworthy work of your High- 
ness with grace, blessing, and prosperity here, and 
everlasting life hereafter ; may [He grant your High- 
ness health and happiness in your government, that 
the Catholic only true and apostolic religion may 
flourish under the shadow of your wing.” 

Oe 


<4 ke oman ac amnion 


aay REXMARYATY AUT | | fy 


eunlnain, anitetye: avons tao 19 od? yd ented 


fun gio’ Yo stros tle Vo we fsole bul sit 
bifrail Tha cota osdw wvels rev oamid boiondt 
Why molt ounroiend ott depuis ob woil word tom 
tent Lluww syhoylyatr ett ek — oaittooh noioalt 
tole tort 2onitamess oils wet? Usemul werbesiv 
» food emvoinort mit ai ooale hice ; spgsibede sub 
22> “sf Jvieialar w od oon i en die srorloeorq-opbod 
elanvtyiia ent oil loveds aay) of 408 enw 
“i, bag acorns eld poibanialtivton jbotavsdil 
funitrw Inotterel wuljo bus aT omy avoisin 
baotitona Ila sow zdood #'aayitia oft altiw ‘tailsago! 
“orth ot ak iyyoresls bes onsla¥ of 

“1 2# ou) ov nollituu #enomimme ofT 
bortud siood silt Judi tel :0y0) ai aldose 
nonabmiot oft jelt Lire 00001 oF hotnuoum eroda 
mailer toge alt no biel saw Aosuily midouge) 2 Yo 
bly ma Yoitt lhaosse bax i ieyortesb stow odd 
ol Gorgilar tidw to bei&e nalw jewel to roto 
ot Amaittn] » soliisa ew od” bs enw 
bodea wadtell aol “dais 9 dnd saiqa a 
Hild ~ bemwens of poseinion fentiniqe eid enw ow 
at shih yaol @ with “on Jausiviga. yr ai 
te etnraliand wiltlo lobi oft ot betaloah eaw 
HOT dehy atom bullveyxs ‘ylovsihouneni un "itd 
ueitiontos femudicsiitmes silt y ) bay weob oH * 
iud {910mm 
“oye song 


228 SUFFERINGS OF THE PROTESTANTS. 


We cannot conclude this chapter without ob- 
serving, that the sutlerines of the Polish Protestants 
were, perhaps, still more horrid than any which were 
inflicted, either in the Steyermark, or in Bohemia. 
“At Lublin,” says the esteemed author Wengersky, 
“in 1627, occurred such scenes as the following: 
By the instigation of the Papal clergy, several 
Protestants, who inhabited castles and mansions of 
the nobility, were, at that time, summoned by the 
sub-prefect of the town, to appear with their wives 
before the judge, and give an account of their religion. 
Among others, was a respectable lady, the wife of 
William Tuck, a Scottish merchant, who was him- 
self absent on affairs of business. She appeared, 
and was asked by the prefect, and a Catholic priest, 
named Laurentius, whether she was a Catholic, and 
attended the confession? She replied: ‘ No, [am 
evangelical, and confess my sins to God, before 
whom I am a sinner!’ ‘But why,’ continued 
the other, ‘have you departed from the Roman 
Catholic faith, aud who has induced you so to do? 
She answered: ‘ God has effected this in my heart ; 
and I must ever be grateful to him for it” The 
prefect became much enraged at these expressions 
of the undaunted lady. He, therefore, spoke to her 
very harshly, and only left her to choose between 
renouncing the Evangelical faith, and being cast 
into prison. She was adyised to choose the former, 
but steadily refused compliance. She was, there- 
fore, fettered and imprisoned. No merey was 
to be looked for, although she had five children, 
and the youngest, an infant at the breast, could 
not dispense with a mother’s care. The other 
Protestants made intercessions, but in vain. On 


ees a Ad lh sae iil i 


Ppa ac ep reyrs erent ear Ty 


onda bau. 


mpr ern Oran ern One rr Oot ee rennTY 


arenvearon’ oi Wo eowTnaieue- BSE 


<li inodtin wiqel alt abuisand ne 

HautevietT iailo? oi Yo rentivitine ott parks cate o 7 

mon doihe yar awilt bivsed som Hey. : 

mlawsdelt ni yo .Ateriszot8 off nit ase 

velawoni VY codtn bomsoes sdf ee “ldo vA” : 

sontollo’ dilt en eviresa soda Merwane YSOl at 

_ Neese geet Tugai'd “ods Yo noigieant oily yl 

=F cioiusm hos eoltend botidailnt ody etmetestord 

ol) gl Goaditords joatit tall tn re prtifided odd 

evtiw vould rain teoqan of ayred alt Te todterq-diee 

amityiler fails to tines ne trtg hos egbug ott s1dled 

‘o othe silt pbal slvemeqes » aiew eealtio guooth 

-wtid aon odw jaedloront dette? © Jeet pail W : 

dvsteaqqe o1@ ~ seaniend Jo wilde eo goon Une 

danni otlulie » bar dosterg edt vel Dedea enw bae>- : 

bite Yilode 2 are ode modiolw srittietial homeo 

mel o%* shsilqat od? \ nbiwsttnew oil) hobaotte 

siied .bow) of eaie om wstnon Ime lesilogaavs | 
: 


bouvinwoo ‘yidw w+ “Ytoonie oe 1 munlw 7 
namo Sit mel butieqah uoy sul’ odio ody 

‘Loh ot os woy bootie? sul ott bak idl vilodieD 
; uns eit aft Ait bestoolte cud bold* Shewwane ol@ 
oT “ai sat mid of fete od we toon T bom © 
eholazorqys saedt tn bygoins dole sumeasd toforg 
tod of adoqe reiorails , oH .vbal barrizebaa ait 
memint sega of toil fol ino Lint eylderad yrov 
iat ; baa Alt Invilogieva wilt yeisavenst 
cenmtidt adi yenuils 91 bovivbs aaw bile srozity OFT 
wilt ani oe aoncilqnios beeiiten Yllboote aud : 
“ow yoten Off honcenqiet bie Bowen dl 
aeblils ov bad ale tenors aed tylooh edo 
bins renovd off to Yoxinl oe eogrmey ofr bm 
milio ofl one Waadton: & dtiw ‘semecysity sour = 
0 uinv oi Sed amolenortal’ shaun ainsiasiont 


IN POLAND. 999 


he contrary, the Prefect threatened to put her to 
he torture, if she did not attend mass and contess 
vithin three days. The Priest Laurentius added, 
noreover: ‘Shortly this will be the case with all 
he Protestants of Lublin; for the official has fully 
nade up his mind to purify the town from the 
sutheran heresy.” The Jesuits visited the lady in 
ter prison, in order to urge her, by promises or 
hreats, to apostatize, but no Protestant was allowed 
o approach her; she nevertheless rematned firm 
a her resolution.” 

From these instances and innumerable others that 
aight be adduced, it is evident that the same 
ireful spirit of persecution animates Popery in 
II places, and at all times—it is not changed; but 
aerely wears a mask where it is liable to be con- 
rolled by a superior power. 


| 
| 
| 


ee UAC Ot 
tel tq od fst a are of - 
motnen fue eamat urate jou bib ods ti y anf 

Jdnbbe eons! nelT af 2yob ooult midtin 
Slo iltiw oat odt od Miw alt glrod@* _ - tovenon 
vile" snd Ininiiie edly rot ;atided to etiratestorl od 
oa? snot nvot silt ytiong of falar 2d qo obse 
ft ehuol ode bodiety exlueol oT  “Jyeqnod. parodia 
eee WT einong yd od og or salne at .nosisg 1 
~~ iva cow Sactesna om aod salanieoge ob ates 
writ Hevicmos eeslalrevent of ; tod dosciqqu o 
: “stoituloeot tod 6 

tal? srntlto oldstotruunl Dan susgateni seed) mort 
oiise ot dnd} Susbive ai a) <hoorbbe ad sdyin 
bi Yroqo"l soImine noipeseing ‘lo titiga Isitext 
~ gud ; bevasde Jou i ti—auntt b 4s ban ,2sanlg I 
suite od 0° sldail 213i eisikw fener o exw yloroe 
ss “wHwOq Tertequs 2 yd baller 


» ds 


Ls 


Ly | | 
7 
| 


CHAPTER? Vil: 


SUFFERINGS OF THE PEASANTRY—CONSTANCY DIS- 
PLAYED BY MANY OF ALL RANKS—INSURREC- 
TIONS IN BOHEMIA—PERSECUTION OF THE ALBI- 
GENSES AND WALDENSES. 


Tue Peasantry of Bohemia, chiefly at the inter- 
cession of the Palatine of Hungary, had obtained 
certain privileges from the Emperor Matthias in 
1610, whereby the free exercise of the Protestant 
religion was secured to them. But now these pri- 
vileges were all abolished. In the villages a begin- 
ning was made, by depriving the flocks of their 
shepherds, the ministers of the gospel, even when 
there were no Catholic priests to appoint in their 
stead.* They then wrested the Bibles and other 
religious books from the hands of the people, in 
order, as they said, that heresy should not always 
find fresh sustenance. After this the monks arrived, 
who did not speak harshly at first, but entreated 
and adjured the people, at the same time that they 
afhrmed the truth of their religion with oaths and 
execrations. They gave them hopes of lasting 
peace, success and divine blessings, and assured 


* At first the peasantry engaged less of their attention, be- 
cause they thought, that so soon as the ministers should be ex- 
pelled and the nobility converted, the people would of their 
own accord return to Romanism, But after a few years all 
further indulgence was at an end. 


aati pdinlroass 


a ca Ass hts i 


AAG, A ETI lh i he 


res 


WAS * 


THE PEASANTRY. eo. 


them, that they had reason to believe, that the Em- 
peror and the lords of the manors would ease their 
burdens, and shew them many tavours. They them- 
selves also offered money and corn in the time of 
scarcity, if the people would only change their re- 
ligion, and by this means they certainly enticed a 
few to apostacy ; of which an instance occurred at 
Kassenberg. A certain monk, who by the con- 
version of the heretics was desirous of gaining the 
favour of heaven and the special praise of his 
superiors, promised a bushel of corn to every one 
who would be converted. Several needy persons 
came forward and offered to makea contession. But 
the monk, anxious about his store of grain, resolved 
not to spend it so freely, but to give a less quantity 
in future. A poor man coming atterwards was ac- 
cordingly offered only half a bushel of corn. As 
soon as this was consumed, he returned and asked 
for the remaining half, which the monk refused to 
give; when the other inquired: ‘“* Well! is my 
soul then of less value, than that of other people?” 
and went away in a very perturbed state of mind. 
The contemporaneous reports proceed to say, that 
from foxes the priests became converted into wolves. 
They wished to enforce attendance at mass, by com- 
pulsory measures, and lists of all the parishioners 
were given to the clerk, with instructions to mark 
the absentees, in order that each case of absence 
should be punished with a fine. Wile any of the 
neighbouring Evangelical churches remained, if 
any one attended them, or went to places where 
Protestant worship was secretly performed, he 
was punished by fine, imprisonment, or even by 
flagellation. The soldiers were also instructed, 
to enter and plunder the churches, and disperse the 


— 


(eee eee Le oe ee Le aoa one 


i= 


7 — EEE 


res ORTH AAAS ant ae | 


mi atts port) ovailed of norm Bod wort ii ale y 
Teds oa Dhvow ayonsue atti Yo abyel sift bas sou 
mode yok 2ters/) yan ned? waste bite 2estnod 7 
io wutit edt ol wie bes yonour feretio cake *5vloa 
“er Teil Guitety ylao Livow olepomey odd tr Pious. 
& Lenin ter qld eae enly vd. ure foiyil 
6 brrnweso sonntent on dotdy Yo : Yontenga od wal ; 
sees xt lw doom gintay A midanmen A 
ait gaieieg to enoticoh any eotisaod ot to aoieiny 
aid Yo sien fnizage ld bem povaod to tmord 
Se Yme OF ores To luleud a beat Protteque 
enortny Vhoet isons .boteenon ad blaow odw 
we noiesingy radauyos hovste banned ome 
buviozt witty to wots eid dusodeanoieeg aliom: adi 
qinsup wal » xvi2 0} nd yylowit oO HP Deeqa of ton. 
“08 eit abinytutin waimws pam rook state ni 
th ata ty oiled Aad View demiite vbynibros 
bodes baw inure och bocrssastig agor-side on nove 
OF leeslor dtovs alt doidw-Algsd wiiainme: oils wt 
vat lie” 5 heniuput. switto ode arodw pavig 
"S aloog tarlao io silt-reds oilay eeoh Yo nods Iyve 
ov evbetbar to a> hohe yew n nb ¥ewn Jaow has 
tals 2404 08 Lerirrg e105 2nosnetegiininen oil'T 
1am ott bueno gure elenitg oll eoxdb aro 
“HOY Yd eeBT IH onobNeIK soncles oF bodeiat yulT 
erautoiltizag ails Iu to endl boo aotuensat Ytoelug 
4romt 01 envlioun-ti deiw ,daolo alt @) n9%ig stow 
somsads to 98 sises salt asbao ttt esodtroeds oft 
st Yovan alk oct dst bovleluuny od blrode 
Vi Jreninenss @alot ils lavilegune’ gnitwoddgion 
wine xeouly Of due 10 soils bohintn sng ye 
ait barrtdFiag qa en qileow juatesio4 
“ 1OYS to togeMOKtIg ai oad yd | 
Amteiateni nln mw enothlye M | 
od seroyeil bow eodsusily elt tobawlg bun 


ee ee 


232 SUFFERINGS OF 


people. We will give an instance. One Christmas- 
eve (1623) a great number of people being assem- 
bled in a church near Kuttenberg, suddenly, two 
cavalry-officers, from the Kuttenberg garrison, sur- 
rounded the church with their troop, rushed in, and 
dragging the minister, G. Barth, from the altar, 
tore off his surplice, and led him away prisoner; he 
succeeded however in making his eseape. The con- 
secrated bread they threw upon the ground, and 
overturned and trod the chalice under their feet. 
They then demolished the whole communion ser- 
vice, and pillaged the persons of both sexes. Some 
were completely stripped and had to run home 
through the deep snow naked ; many were wounded, 
and the women and young females were violated even 
in the temple and the vestry. The booty, as if it 
had been wrested from an enemy, was publicly sold 
in Kuttenberg, and there were miscreants ready to 
buy up. Similar events occurred in other places. 

But still they continued to threaten severer chas- 
tisements, thereby desiring to intimidate the people. 
At Biirglitz, in December, 1624, the Governor pub- 
lished the following command of Prince Lichten- 
stein: “ That the names of all such as did not 
renounce their heretical errors, whether men or 
women, old or young, citizens or aliens, masters 
or servants should be scheduled, and the list thereof 
sent to the royal chancery, there to await further 
instructions as to what should be done with their 
persons and property.” 

All non-catholics were then prohibited from 
marrying, from solemnizing the burial of the dead, 
from having any baptisms, and also from acting as 
sponsors. This was a thunderbolt which struck 
deeply into the hearts of the people. If any one 


eo SE i a 


sc AE ARE —- 


¥O ZOnTINNaTUe 


som) aa = eoniteal nu rig ht iiwow > oe 

-inseen wetted algo to sed amertg fr (ESOL) a9 
ow! .vinahiene jyradnetn dl won doslo woot bald 
-ra aueinnes itxinorin A ont moi esesifto~yrleerss 
tin wat Tearleay .qoort sind vaiw dons odivbobauor 

votla wilt mot) ine 4 poriahe ond geiggetb 
oil y teuoniy. youn mil fot haw elle ail Bo oot. 
aemioll .sqanes 2id gaidnen wiyvowed babssooue 
hea bavorg-ol2 ndoqu wont ysilt bewtd borasase 
et sind: bow ssilads oft bow baa boii 
owe covers Slodv adr béerdeilomeab wads yolT 
nro% aso lod Yo eitoewd att begalliq baa sote 
ome crt of bef bos baqqite ylatplqaraa stow 
Ambir sew vrai + fiodnn woe qoeb eutt thaworalt 


novo bytatoly stew eulanist ntmoy bas aeardwewl bas. 


fi Hea yetood oT egueav ofl? baw olgnist odt ai 
foe ylollding exw oycreus Te ator? bateruw aeod Lal 
eo vbeot Aapowelor vow osilt bem pgredacitn Al si 
+oooly yulio ni bertiese ettiova tlie aqeqod 
ails wtyirea wotewel? oF heuniinos yore Hive sulk 


Algowy allt stabioritat of -gutviesh vdewwilt atascrsai > 


dig toa vel) al) $281 vsdarasW wh arthyill 1A 
-19ilotd assis ‘ly dnanrovos ‘goiwollil ada hodeil 
wor Dib ae deve i to esomen old tall <niote 
to coat tibedw jetorts Leoitersil vied? sonvonst 
eoron rile 10 soxitie onoy 1 blo sromow 
Yoornil: tei ot bits .beluledos od blidode atime 0. 
wiltiut chive ot seal srsodeils Leyoredr or due 
riod tify ‘snoh od bluoils dail of eu anontounent 
“varraqernepdianh errortog, 
met fwididewy nolt mew zoiloidespenon IA 
sovob qult Yo leived ott onisinmoloe mel yguiyrisat 
au yoiion Mott oa baw ziuein(ad yous gaived seit 


dowite iboidw slufebal pv enw tt 
ono yt Li hyo alt Yo atonal cult Pree. 


eo 


7 
- 


THE PEASANTRY. 233 


liad his child secretly baptized, he had to endure a 
lengthened incarceration, from which he could only 
be liberated either by apostacy, or by submitting to 
an enormous fine. 

The peasants were summoned to appear in the 
towns. If they refused, they were brought in 
as prisoners by the soldiers and other  officious 
assistants. The plan adopted was to surprise them 
during the night, and taking them from their beds, 
drive them like herds of cattle to the town ; and this 
was done even in the severest frost, and with these 
poor people they literally filled the public prisons, 
towers, cellars, and stables, where hunger and thirst, 
filth, cold, and heat, nearly deprived them of life. At 
Plumlau they cast a surgeon, named Joachim, and 
others, into a tower full of obnoxious reptiles. In 
Prostanna several hundred people were confined in a 
stable of the castle, the windows of which were all 
bolted, and for want of air many of them swooned. 
Among others who were taken up for dead, was 
Jacob Ulizky, a grey-headed man, eighty years of 
age, whose son Matthaus, minister of Czaslau, had 
also to endure fearful sutferings.* Kunash, the 
president of the commission, only laughed at this, 
and said, “I will soon wake the fellows from the 
dead.”’” He had cold water thrown over them, 
and some recovered; but the aged Ulizky ex- 
pired in his presence, and he ordered him to be 
dragged off and put under ground. The survivors 
he dismissed, after extorting a promise of conversion 
from them. 

In some places barbarity had reached to such a 
degree of refinement, that the people were placed in 
the cesspools of their privies, in order to punish 


* Sce page 45. 


Ante de ckbadih: 


: _ 
A eam 


at “THTEACASL SRT ie 
© ommbae oF bal oil eboncitegadd 
vio Lieoo sd doit m i | 
of gritindvs yl 1 ,zosisoge ¢d tedtig od 

| . af enonrtons o9 
alt at teqqe os Iriomicins 19 sitnensq oT 
ai dilgueit sus yols inedden yods WE 2awot 
siardte wndie hie ersihloe wide yd stoma en 


steet eh yu of anv betqoby aulq-alT etnsteless 
= shoal vist muon} coolld aides haw subpicr ot -gaiuily 


ands hen 5 vot silt of-olituo to abesel oil ened) orinh 

oil) iw bos, Jeot tesnoyue sult ab aerre ouob eow 

noerg aidug oly ballit yll@ssil ast algosg x00 . 

Healt beta toga sed enluty bee ayalleo errvos 

th til to ard) bovinqsh yhraow Ageit bus bloo ila 

bits .mishowol barman googie « tee wuld volo! 

a1 jestliyet evoixonde to [lu wet a oti yriodto 

# at honhitwo me w-algooq borbayul Lowvos nometeord . 

fla sxgw doulw to ewolsiw tly yuleeso wild Yo siluta 

‘Danoowe invdi lo yuserin 10 dew 101 bag botlod “ 

tow ~biob wi qu aoidtst ow. odveeuulio piomAé 

lo Wilgio sam bobasd-gevg un cyst dosel 

bil wales WO ereiotnn pide toe stow oge 

lt Wane = *epoissliue Iota oxwbus al ale 

fdilt ta bodyguard «luo moiaiotanos oy lo suubiesrg 

ods nll tha ot odew coos ile 1” hiss bas 

iodt w¥e neoull way bloo bed oH “heb 

“Hu YAS bean lt tud. :boevaoes. omos bas 

ad ot unit batobro of bem »guseaney aid ni botiq 

Hovivrne oT buworg yolunw 1G haw Ro brpanib 7 

tolzsv lion We pai ig " uniinlze gfe ,boesimaib od 7 
are -inewdd prod 

a Sim 63 boulaaor boil lincind gxonly ome al 

tt hooly ey oy old dail Husmaniter Yo-serysb 

daituq of sali. ering sist Wo eloucpeas galt 

4th ageg B®) o/ o@ 


2a4 SUFFERINGS OF 


them by this singular torture. Thus it was with 
Nicol Szarawez and others at Schlan. At Leito- 
mischl and elsewhere, men and women were confined 
promiscuously, so that decency could searee!y be 
observed. In order to torture more exquisitely, and 
obtain their object the more speedily, they even in- 
vented new kinds of prisons. At Holeschau in Mo- 
ravia, for example, they constructed cages of oak- 
wood. Whoever was confined therein, could neither 
sit nor stand, on account of the narrow space, but 
could only stoop with a bent back, and in a crooked 
posture. It was scarcely possible to endure it beyond 
the third hour. The body became stiif, there was 
no resting-place for the limbs, the spirit sunk from 
indignation and horror, and could not be any longer 
sustained. Now and then one was asked if he 
would voluntarily become a Catholic? Some pro- 
mised they would. Those who candidly said No, 
were thrust back into the hole of torture, until 
they also had perjured themselves by saying, that 
they voluntarily embraced Popery. 

In Herzmanmiestez, near Chrudim, the council- 
men having refused to set an example of apostacy, 
were Imprisoned, and most severely abused. The 
first of them was set in the market-place, on a mili- 
tary ass—-a sharp-edged board with four legs. He 
was an old, e@rey-headed man, but yet endured dis- 
grace, mockery, and bodily pain for more than six 
hours, until the evening, being incessantly tormented 
by the Jesuits, while his wife and children 
around him filled the air with their lamentations, 
when he said Yes, and was taken half dead from the 
board of torture; and being unable either to use his 
legs, or any other of his limbs, he was carried to 
the father-confessor. Many begged earnestly rather 


tan A aha, aa nama 


MB edwin nse e 


Ze oi kein 


OWN orem nt 


_ = 


10 ROWTANWIR ee ° 


ivr dow Hi endT = eruywot lingerie i 
-oind tA ently 26 medio bein xoertasd fool 
Leniieen oti none Die dent artutaeciw ba {doin 4 
«al erties bhyoo vosroool tod os thee caostimong = 
hat lotions ( ne sont avis? of wine al derrisedo 
“0 Hove vnl ylibteqa stom oittoajln tieds aiatdon 
alt ai ‘igyloetlol Sh ancette Wwaband wor batasy 
a aund betsurtievas yedt hymexs tot ,niver 
wuhiion bluoco «wierd? honiines aawwysed Wo boow 
dud sonia worrae oft Wo toeode wo hante toe tia 
betogis# ut bin loud inud « dager qoow vino bisos 
bedyed si vaio oy oldiezoq visowsd any at 07 
eon sedi Tite aernoed ybod sil ont bridle orld 
eat aAptice sichys Sely eduuetl elt tet Gnulqepniites om 
1g00l yas Alo binos bas aered laa moltangtbat, 
ol Tt bade cow ono codt hae wet -.boniutens 
song om FP ollodie somone! yleatnnloy blvow 
OV) bite yibibgso oilw s2otT filwew yearly featas 
ien your: Yo slot orlt-olai Jom peer) srow 
wild yuiyes yl evvlouadt herupeny laut oaks ogee: 
erqoT haskidaw ylintontov porte 
eliagues ody pl oy sok al 
Vooleoys to vlywney ii t02 of hoesiet grived oars 
al? cteande yloovse sont baw dhomoxinqati ssw 
-ilion ty sortlq-Yodrore orld sti goa es wool To det 
lt opal tit ihtiw bivod bapbe-qrnile n—eaa ytad 
ih herulat toy and nem babeot-yorg blo asec. 
rie cal) ote 9 phn ylthod hae ulsom orn 
harionpeod yilaneesont pitiod ceniners andt tia arrod 
wenbliits bat Gli sit lide © atimel ode yd 
arotstnonrel dial) dbow sie ode boll mid beoow) 
ot movt Lael Whi avdat zen bas eT bles of nol 
iil bau of > pe pe pew lo rudd. 
i ties aa @linil aint to tarlte yn toseyol 


rather ylieortes bogyst goalie a 


THE PEASANTRY. De 


that they should kill them than force them to 
apostatize from their faith. But they were an- 
swered, “The Emperor does not thirst for your 
blood, but for your salvation.” Others, on express- 
ing such a desire, were answered scornfully: “0, 
you would perhaps like the honour of martyrdom ? 
But you are worthless scoundrels, and only seek to 
gain celebrity!’ ‘This answer was given to John 
Palaczko, when, on being called upon in various 
ways by the commissioners to renounce his reli- 
gion, he fell on his knees, clasped his hands, and fer- 
vently requested them to cut off his head rather 
than force him to violate his conscience. In a 
similar manner they served John Elias of Fulnek, 
with others elsewhere. And this is the only reason 
why Bohemia and Germany cannot shew more 
martyrs, notwithstanding the lengthened persecution 
during the reign of Ferdinand. People were not 
wanting who would cheerfully have suffered death 
for conscience’ sake. But their persecutors rather 
endeavoured to bear them down by tedious tortures, 
than exhibit them to the world as martyrs for the 
sake of religion. All those, however, against whom 
they could adduce the slightest pretext of political 
accusation, they sentenced to death, as was the 
ease with those killed at Prague in 1621. This 
experience was also made by that good student, 
Andreas Chebdow, in the year 1622. Returning 
from his native town Podjebrad to his patron, Count 
Thurn, in Glatz, he was seized and carricd to 
Konigingritz, where he was put to death ; and the 
people were told that he had been the bearer ot 
treasonable messages. Nothing was, however, found 
upon him, except a few notes from several persons 


a UTRRRAT EBT 
oh mich oot vind goad Liab plvoda yous siuts 
-a mw volt gull alsidt silt amerdp oxiimeoga 
wioy tol secul, tom eouh vor. ol T* - bsowe 


vaewnyxe 0 2200". noinvlee egey toh ied yboold 


“  Moleiow bereweon sen atizob a doue gai 
Yroinystom to 100not lt adil aqudeeg bivow soy 
Oy dese (nto bas alibasese eealilazow sim may iud 


etsl Gl agvig 207 wwenw eT " yindoles nisg 


wouuy mnogu bella gad ao sebw jodsoated 
“ior aid oogyomn of etnolsinrmoe ot ord yew 
“19) bas bind sid boepenls eeomadwid go fait ad .0ig 
wher dod el Ho a0 of soul boreauper-yiaay 
4 ul .souieetos ail snuloiy on adid-osro med 
rtonly't to 201d udok bovroa-vedy aoauenr swlletie 
doen? Yl silt si vid? LA oeekwiele-extio dibw 
stom woilk jonas yuan bam simodoll ody 
hoftionainy locepenl al) yuilaedtediiwion etytian 
Tom oraw oljonT  shaneibl te aepior orlt gait 
ob bmiolive gyatl.. ylinitroosedbhvow ody yoiusw 
twliar eotvooesg siods tui — oslee ‘oorsinenos wh 
Peto avoliot yd nib tigdt esd ot Lomorssban 
alt i aryyriee aa hhow ot or eet sididkee mney 
mow tetoan sovewod ,ozorld SA nurgilor Yo odae 
Hinidilog Yo samtong Jeidgile olt-gunbbs blues vod 
wit enw an vilicl of byonmenge ‘yor ,woimenooe 
HiT NSO) i ougerD te hellbAweods shiy sano 
Mobar hooe salt ed coher wale eew onnsitequs 
miami Seal rno% oily tt wohdodD erovboA 


Jecuy') uerntog «il ot Lew>jhod awereviter simon — 


Ob lett dos boxivs enw oil awl of pod 
ott Linn; alah os Hy eae ont copay yeti 
ne KGa mht -aeend bel of nee differ 
Hel sreawadvage nithio 2vgmansen ole 
enueioy bevvess ated enon wat 8 soo vat 


—_ - 


oy ae oaee 


236 SUFFERINGS OF 


to their friends, and no torture could force any otfrer 
confession from liim. : 

The reformers of that time had arranged, never 
to enter on any proofs from the word of God, 
but merely to assign church authority and power 
as areason for obedience. If any one, therefore, 
appealed to the holy scriptures, he only met with a 
disdainful and ironical answer. They said: “The 
Bible is imperfect, mysterious, ambiguous, the source 
of heresies, the retuge of heretics, and does not in 
the least concern laymen.”* Some noblemen drove 
their vassals into the churches, locked the doors, 
and compelled them to take the communion in 
one form. At Knesawiz, near Schlan, the peasants 
fled, but they were pursued by an armed force, and 
driven to unite with some drunken men from a 
neighbouring tavern in making a confession, and 
taking the sacrament sub una; and when any 
one closed his mouth against such a communion, 
Kolowrat, and the other persecutors, were at hand 
to open it violently with a pike. 

The formula for abjuring the chalice, and con- 
fessing Romanism, was as follows: “I swear to 
God Almighty, the Virgin Mary, and all the saints 
that I voluntarily, and without compulsion, return 
to the holy Roman Catholic faith, which I acknow- 
ledge to be the only true, ancient, and saving taith. 
I solemnly renounce the chalice ; { will never partake 
thereof myself, and will dissuade my children, and 
others entrusted to my care, from so doing. I also 

* Precisely the same impious conduct as is arrogantly and 
barefacedly adopted by the Romanists of Great Britain in the 
present day ; and yet Protestants, closing their eyes and ears to 


the blasphemy, call Romanism Christianity, and give Papists 


the right hand of fellowship, calling them ‘ our brethren of the 


Romish persuasion.’ ! ! 


16 BOMIna TT ves | 
ane yite srt) ilies ayvited of bites iabeest®S sini a. - f 
ad mon) potessiatoay 
auvon .bopasris hej! entiy tad Ww aronrdlyt od TP 
ob) fo fvow Set toil aootq vam 6 ioing OF 
qitoy bas wih iemde mpieee of ylorsmr dnd 
eiwtond ne vae oonaitivedes wt motes? e es 
n itive sort ylito oil sorniqivse ylod edt of Imieeqge 
= hT" :hise yodT  tovetur lesinort bu Tntniaheth 
soos odd euongidnts anotiaeyer tschusyrnt ab aldifl 
ni Sory etoly batty eoitazorl ~~ agtiten alt .esieotal to 
sroth asaridod sno *"vemmgml wens tons) ods 
zwob silt bedeol odours ad? otet Hessar tind) 
at totauinmnos sir ody of prodt Imfloqeioo bre 7 
simnensg oft naldot mse sive a DA .orrol amo 
bon otal horris an yd boveunp tiny yoda ted bolt 
n geod sir codaarel amine sur wien of novith 
hus ,felketivoo e pitblanr of (wereld garmnoddgina 
vne got bon yon dus Memo al) goide 
role & fore taginga dust ant bovolo emo 
bred ia eow wolussereq walto adt bon 2orwolod 
ssi aviv ylmalone si neque 
-1oo bei woilads od gate whsloanot slT 
o} tmwowe 1” :ewollol an sew ymeinanodl yaigast 
entice wilt Te bie prin ciel elt ytdigintéA bod 
winter arora: iwollinn bao yyfinetautoy I ant 
-woudes 1 deity rit cilodieD aemofl ylod edtot = 
diidt yaivee bute Josiona ott ylue oilt od of agbel 
sdchisie savant Hiw T : sotfads orlt omens ylunmlos I 
fice worblils gut obmoseth Hiv tae Meee tooyeds 
ola I -paioh o nrotl sth vine GP Delevan erailto 


hain qUazyorn ef #6 doubson avoigml gate ott ylonisetl « 
od? gi cimintl sons Yo exelnnmredl wt yt horqobs qhondtennd 


ol cus ban esyoriadd gnieols ovis eiea ieee - 
arsia't ovig Fan seamabiernt.> aneinsacrdl ma “oil 
ats to wotiltend ae? medi yaillas gi ” 


THE PEASANTRY. or 


engage to continue steadfast in this religion, and to 
abhor all those who confess any other. So help me 
God, his mother, and all the saints!” But their 
manner of d¢fe, after they had thus abjured was not 
everywhere directly attended to. Some authorities 
were satisfied with having once exerted their power 
over their subjects, and troubled them no further. 

When the new converts could come to Eyangcli- 
cal ministers, they lamented their fall, and again 
took the sacrament in both forms. But others 
were re-attacked, especially where it was discovered 
that all was not quite right with their conversion. 
-There were also imperial commands and directions 
issued from the commissioners to force the people 
a second, and a third time to confession. 

Those who had fled were after all unable to re- 
main in their places of refuge for fear of ill-treatment. 
For if they had sought a hiding-place in the forests, 
or the mountains, they were soon driven forth by 
hunger and necessity. Some, indeed, fled to the 
Protestants, as long as these were anywhere toler- 
ated, but the whole land seemed full of fraztors. 
They were, therefore, very soon, summoned and 
either by soldiers or other violent means com- 
pelled to return home. Orders were also fre- 
quently issued that no shelter should be given to 
a fugitive under a penalty of 100 dollars. On the 
3rd of March, 1628, the fine was increased to 100 
dollars per night. What were the poor people to 
do? To leave the country was extremely difh- 
culty for those who could only speak Bohenuan, 
and who had no knowledge of the towns or the 
roads. They therefore were driven to desperate 
means; and forcibly resisted not only the soldiers 


Tee VAYRMANGT HET Ow 


oF fen ,itoigiles cil) i teclbowte gbaittios ohopiyes 
om qiel oz z9dI0 vor eetlaoe oulve sept the sestdn 
vinly tet "| etaing oct Ile baw odyoas ald- bot) 
fon ey beru(de end) bad youl wile a\i lo tigen 
siTnodits mot ot behwates viiesth eodwywrs 
weg tod) bavoxs sane gudeed die boReitee ew 

Sulu oo eterit haldgor hon atoojdie sions ta20 


zea = Tigo] ow snes blves eterno nen ode aed 


nie bos ict si beopueral quilt yerateiaion foo 
gietlte wth xsrid) dave ai tiereecicnie ult door 
lorayovaih avw ai srorly yllaigaqen ,hedanyiaeot sow 
noiersyno risilt ibtin dyin step fom saw the sult 


andi) bas zbogrnnios lanogetigeln orow wed. 


slyosq malt sxe) of erondlesiommie att soit bene 
_ ltoizesicos of ocrlt bail whee bodega s 
i of sions lis rofte ow belt bud odwcoodT 
Aasmiicss! (ito tee soto yeles to asenlq tied oi acinar 
emeviot oil yi soglq-yaibil w aytyeoe bad yods tito 
ql tel aevith, soos s1aw yailt enistouont odd 10 
wilt 1 fol ,hoobiti os0% » xieeooon bow wyaud 
sul smsdyyne sion seal er gaol en .eioetastor4 
wrod’ Jo Hit bomea beul sloder ot gud bots 
ime enone voce yoy adierds say yodT 
“m0 eum dnoleiy rwdeo vo exsibloe yd roiltio 
“att dele gow nulaO. vate seston of hellog 
oy ustig ad Iduwla sottode Onand doueai yltnanp 
od nO. .exallol OOL Yoo thas ovisigal s 
OOT of beesstout aw onl oul dlorslh to tne 
0) along 700g ot oxy da VE andgiue tog enalflob 


\iih yonmiico awn yutapes alt svesl oT fob 


dinissodatl dios ylio bios ede gaodi sdb ytluo 
oth yo aawot il) to. ogholwonad on dnd ode 
cunqeok ob avish wow ovlqed? yorP. .abpor 


238 SUFFERINGS OF 


and the Jesuits, their merciless oppressors, but they 
also took up arms against their lawful superiors, 
who had abandoned them to their malice. In the 
Moravian mountains many succeeded in defending 
their religion with an armed hand, and maintained 
themselves against the imperial soldiers. The large 
number of revolting peasants in Austria, caused the 
Emperor a great deal of uneasiness. But the subjects 
of Baron Terzky in Bohemia, who had taken up arms 
in March, 1628, were, notwithstanding, that they 
mustered 4000 men, soon overpowered by the mili- 
tary, and condemned to various modes of death. In 
the domain of Friedland, an insurrection broke out in 
1629, during which the commissioner saved himself 
by flight, but a Jesuit lost his life. This gave occa- 
sion to other meetings in various districts, and to 
resistance against those violent measures by which 
they were driven to desperation. But the imperial 
troops soon arrived, and many peasants perished in 
the struggle, others were imprisoned, and the rest 
only saved their lives by joiming the Roman cliurch. 

In addition to the means used in the towns, and 
of which the soldiers were complete adepts, they 
adopted a peculiar mode of compulsion in thie 
country. They also reformed the oxen. As the 
time of fetching fodder for the cattle came round, 
the soldiers occupied the meadows, and prevented 
the people from taking any grass, which produced 
such a bellowing in the stables, that the peasants 
considered themselves compelled, on the following 
day, to get a Popish ticket of confession, because 
without it they could gain no possession of their 
meadows. In this way the peasants were forced — 
to have pity on their cattle. 


ee ee ae er, ee eee 


10 sone ee 
walt tod resewaqyo ssilotent’ sist scious bane ) 
eivapie Dilwal vols seciegy ante qu door ole ~ 
wilt yl western tinh oF madt bouchasds bail odw - 
alas ni bobososve yao antoimwon astveroM> © 
borietaton fina Grant boars se die ndigiler tieds 
gud wll ersibloe Jetroqyenl ad? tentwgn eovisenrads 
M1 ineuny ,ateid ni eran quelslevet Vo tadaneir 


aShooi tue ott wel eesnieosni' to taal trong Sroresqurall 


aur (yr ioded hol odw orate ai vdeisT nomé Yo 
vol) tad? j»yatboaiaiivion sew 20 wlowM ni 
ili aly veil besroqis ro nooe ar OOO botstenm 
VL shesh Io eshout evortey or loauebus tae , 
nite stor noithetman: ae btiglbaly) to miomol st 
venti bavee renoteriermos Sli doit gabnh esr 
-ooe-steg dT til ail sol tmesl pe md sdgif yd~ 
oY hui storie evotimr al agiievand siilto of tote 
istilw yd aonvanair tinlore seo soundaiest 
loreqit] off ant wnolamayssh ov neveth stow yor 
Hi bodsived tones yon Bits bovita moos eqoort ” 
tet att Dae Jenoetijint ow emulio wlgguate od’ 
dhoriile mumoA sil) yrttrioj Yd evil att bev ea vlad © 
bot 20 wed Sas ot iment eee ot oF wotibba of 
vould gobe stalgmos sow estbiog dt isidwito © 
elt nt aeiivqmes tor shorn La ’ 
olt eh .taxo ail) boned oele eae 7 
Jbnwor sino alties oily a0 abbot Bates ‘Yo smtit 
boragvorq br ,evotwornt oft epiblos ody 
imoubory Holiw mag yn giver § akeooq okt 
aneenny off Wl! woldate art al yaiwollsd 9 dogs 
gnivollt silt no L\loquos exvisect) bersbiewos 
ssuorod jwolations “to stots deigot w asy 2 ab - 
walt to polo Ou ntleg bloods di tuorliie 
~-bevist stew ainwepsy oil) yaw woby 
lita viet ate, ylig owed oF” 


THE PEASANTRY. DER 


2B 
Increasing poverty among the people also con- 
tributed towards depriving them of their ‘ obstinaev.’ 
as it was termed. The “ Book of Perseentions” las 
a particular chapter on this subject, from which we 
take the following paragraph. 
“In those times when the inhabitants of the 
country had to sacrifice so much gold and silver, 
the Emperor coined a large amount of money, 
made of copper, with a slight admixture of silver, of 
different values, so that the people, who were uncon- 
scious of the deception, fancied themselves rich. 
But in the mean time, the soldiers knew how to 
wrest the good coin from them. The price of gold 
and silver rose to tenfold their former value.* When 
in 1624, an imperial rix-dollar was worth ten Bohe- 
mian guilders, an Hungarian ducat, eighteen ; the 
Emperor suddenly reduced the coins to the tenth of 
their nominal value, and thus caused indescribable 
distress. It is said, that the secretary of state, after- 
wards Count Michna, the inventor of such artifices, 
boasted of the Bohemians haying thereby become 
more impoverished, than if the soldiery had been 
quartered upon them for ten years in succcssion. 
After the money had thus disappeared from their 
purses, it was decreed, that all sums lent by a 
creditor in the time of the rebellion, should be 
forfeited; and that whatever sums had been lent 
prior to it, the capital should be partly reduced, and 
the remainder paid within ten years only, and that 
the whole interest be remitted.” 
Among the troubles which then distracted the 
minds of the people, were moreover their peculiar 
* The “clipping” of those times (1622) is well known from 
old complaints on the subject. 


NL A a UAE MA MAS TL ae ek 


409 wale elyooy ads gronn Yvvoq “gaitestal 
‘wgonnitado | vievily to coat polwenyeh slecwtos Dotudert 
wid “arottapors lo dootl - boar: anw di en 
ww slow ioott sosidve aide am yenqads ralnathing 
lqergny giinollcheds odes 
wl to emuidedat oda mode exuit sods ol” 
novi ban og ibveor 08 seitieeee ot bed quingon 


“nun Vo tnoenn sgt & bosiow rorsqest odd 


Ww othe Yo ony reiithe tdgile water aaqqos to shai 
HON QL oil olyosg ot tlt of 2eula? yewRib 
viort evvisenil: boived scitgansh adi Yo edoine 
ot weil wand erihloe oft suet pan odd at tof 
blow Io set odT anedd mot? gies hooy oft ten, 
wil . * ole ecred tials bideegherser wrfie bus 
small set dtw% 2am swwlloh-xit Igkemqai om LSA ai 
oii aoatilain twoul. sei Mas zioblirg mejor 
to ttyt old 6 euioa ot hovubet los hue sovqm 
Wdmliineobitt lees aut baw ver doulivott tied) 
“10th wataste Yo qredeied-or!y auld dine ei 21 .cervteih 
seottinia ttoye to yomeeni ods gumlgi davoDieiioy 
wigan whisk yniveil Zijetmoiledl ail) to hatasod 
reat bak veibloe oft i moult dnileiovogatt oom 


Hobe si aioe nod mei ered crows ee 
Thntt gh Doweqqueils unt bad yomore odi. 
& Wd Joyl eam Ue ancl ,bomoeb eau ai 
ad lowly snoillotoe old Yo eels of) ct soxtber 
hi id tml eons avyoisiler gealt bow 5 botistrt 
hoawhor ylrcoq od blsods lavigne: ods ti of 
sod baw selaeenay 193 stilton Seccabedaiiey aan 
— “. bontiier ad temiat olester alt 
vit betemteih meds iloidy eolduet ol) yooma 
TwilHoog silk TayOSTOR: etow. ,olyoog odt to ahuie 
mort oroul liywisi4@201) eomii sscllt Ww * gait, | 
tosh nl) of sialalqaios blo 


‘hs @: 


940 SUFFERINGS OF 


anxieties with regard to the instruction of their 
children, since all the Evangelical teachers were 
driven out of the country. In order to propagate 
their true biblical views in their families, the people 
had frequently to instruct their children themselves. 
But there was another trouble connected with the 
one already mentioned, which we shall illustrate by 
a passage from the life of the celebrated Pastor Sey- 
fert of Gorlitz. His education was an affair of 
great difficulty to his parents, who had often to flee, 
and to remain whole months in the forests and on 
the mountains, in frost and snow, where they were 
pursued and persecuted because of their religion. 
And thus, though they had placed their son, 
for his education, with G. Biertiegeln, an exiled 
preacher, who lad formerly been the minister of 
Schonwalde in the domain of Friedland, and who 
instructed him in the catechism, the Latin grammar, 
and in music, his instruction was but too frequently 
interrupted. When the Papal clergy, but especially 
the Jesuits, instigated the authorities to searcii the 
country and take the most talented children, either 
to place them in the Catholic schools, or compel 
them to enter the military service, the parents of 
Seyfert became alarmed for their son, and therefore 
placed him with some one at Gorlitz.” 

Among the other inflictions, which the country 
people endured, may also be reckoned, that of being 
left for years without any spiritual teachers, for even 
Popish priests were not sent to those places which 
had been deprived of their Evangelical ministers, 
and when at last, such priests were sent, they often 
proved to be, as we have seen above, very aban- 
doned men. But the Protestants preferred having 


oor aes ee 


Seat I ta th i lk SN ek A a ll Lt lll ll lhl a aL Mt 


70 enatAaye fot 
iialt We moitonient oft oo bemget did esitoinna! . 
omw gulnest laoiloyasvtl odt fe sontepootblite 
singagqeny of vine al optawoe eds loonie ney. 
alypoog oily sottland view! at ewaty lesildid ons) tieds 
aeyleaoils norbliclo tents somttent of ylioonpst) bed - 
int (ftw intosuneo sidgoti testers ee siodt Inf 
vil otetentli Nade ow doidyr beaetien bsorls ano 


22> yor waskl herrdelss edt to sil ols moti wgesaeg a 


lo veelte ee eaw colisoubs eff  .ctilGt Yo ant 
ook at weilo bed one etreraq aid od yalooiih taorg 
no hee elenel odd ai eicoarslode wisn: of bas 
wow youll ody wos bas ot at eaigunoareds 
motgile: tel) To bevsoed betrowme bas houemng 
swe tint besalq bed yods dgueds aed) bak 
lulizs ae ytlopsitstal 2) dhiw ,woitenho eid tot 
to Tinie od soad yhionrd Del ow poilonngq 
oily ben nelbot lo sismob wile af sblowntide’ 
steottery fitel ot entostes ole of) coil. badortiant . 
VLitempolt oo judd sew woitouitent id oiewar ab bas. - 
ylletnonao and ,yotwlo Lagat adt ned W .besquitasad 
wilt dhoiese oF bottinoitee odd betegitent tives ode 
tolls saenbkde lerasint tocol? salad Lon yttaveo 
faq Ww alone silodie oft mi ool soalq ot. - 
io exmsiay stl) soivrve ytetilin: etl) soto oF mods : 
outeroilt bey toe tiads 40? boatiahe sarssed trahzoB 
“\stilG0 te 900 snes Hie tid beoekq 7 
yrtanes af} dotlw waotoiiat vedto ods gnomA |. _ 
gaiod to tml? bonedoer od ole vem howls olqosg, 
nvey tlt 2rolotey fantiviqs ya Soothe enere wh del 
oul wy =oolg ordi oo ine ton or etesitg aleiqoT 
ameluint lavilegnava viel Yo bovigab wad sd 
votto yards tue saw aieong dome send te aodw omg 


-uvde thy veda atese oval ow pos akan 7 
wiived borwleny sianteotorT oils auth ; 


THE PEASANTRY. Val) 


no priest of the other party, because they had then 
less to suffer; besides, at the same time being obliewed 
to connive at many deceptions. The following fiarces 
were considered by the Popish priests, as so many 
proofs of profound wisdom. Wishing to persuade 
the people that the Virgin Mary was weeping over 
the unconverted members of the community, 2. ¢. the 
Protestants, they contrived to place little fishes in a 
vessel of water behind the image, so as that by their 
motion drops of water should be forced to its eyes, 
and these were the tears exhibited to the gaze of the 
befooled spectators. In other places the priest had 
a crucifix, the joints of which might secretly be moved 
by means of wires. The priest having his hands 
between its two bearers, could easily manage that 
the image of Christ should salute the Romanists 
with an inclination of the head, and that it shouid 
turn to the other side whenever it was faced by a Pro- 
testant. A similar trick was played with an image 
of Mary, so made, as either to extend the arms as if 
to embrace, or repel any object standing betore it. 
The following passage from the celebrated Amos 
Comenius, comprises a summary of the treatment of 
the people in those years of suticring. This author 
says :—“ When the protector of our liberty, the 
Emperor Rudolph, was no more, and they had 
agreed to commencé and carry out the resolutions 
of the council of Trent in Bohemia, then the Catho- 
lics, contrary to all holy rights and privileges, incited 
the people, by refined tortures, first to Impaticuce 
and then to revolt. This latter was what they 
aimed at; for now was presented a plausible pretext 
to suppress them with the whole force of the 
Catholic league as traitors. When our eneniics, In 


VOL. II. > Rr 


G 
————— —————— 


a 


[ee Nl ie al 
walt had yor oabiged seri wlio dP tote on 
Degiide origct went qnvtas rhe obieed. --h0e ot seo! 
eral yoivolloteallT  sewttyool-yeeniesriaaes ot 
Cn of am atorny deigod ad) yd lvwbiano ome 
Wier oF pale smahainne budtory to: 

very \vagan ee yaad) aiget oct. mils alqosq oct 
LA 1 ineinos ail) wed anon botovneon ond 


“sti eutlan. ofstil sunt, of bovitinon vod? etnetsotosF 


timleyd galt en oe ounnad ait bastiled other Ws losesy. 
oto eH ot Lowel od Disemde reaaw We eqorly soisom 
ult Ioasuy vii.ot Lotididza eta ait sve peodt us 
bat deaing oil) esquly soilte a} _ etmamraqe Balodted 
boveatsd yfieimes afore dotale qo Atul, old xAjourm a 
shind etl grind. asin of aero deem yd 
Wal} oanetun “liens blvoo. seemed gwd ail wswtod 
ewrenaredl oil) otules bivodle tained egomt sult 
bienle At gadt bute head ode te sotto on dtin 
as'l 11 loonit 200 Sieavousderohieynlto sleet wud 
{Rn he thive berale ae dsiey ulieia A iguntaay 
Hat anodes bitetgy ot todtigcgs ohn. ox ermal le 
Ai ordiod puthanie s95[o yew anor 10 sonvline of 
«mh hetirulalas sql) (north wwoseiry guivolidl ofT 
lo Haein tt ott hy eecicitus # aperrqinoo Yaptitemol) 
Tol ie anl' T suinslios. ‘to-eusey sacl ii ohiporiq oxts 
WH vetenlil sun te whale 9dt nal) es eqn 
etl geile dois vont om, mew Aylobusl tevsqmd 
snoitiaer. il) tn yates hue Yomencioy oF baerge 
wy lite! Deonbe gods binroilott i tent? to lionnon ‘art to 
ldots domniivdicy Lurn-etehoes vlauh le os ‘rrritnes oil 
Habra pst 08 301) 29109 Dagan ed Slyooq silt 
volt tule mw soul ell salen or aed bos 
tent aliltaaly 4 bots eawewon sols so bamnin 
wl Wn, ogaeite tloal.er oak shri fiorlt abouyqrie ot 
1.0 se ood WV, ose a ougwal vilodie 
a ~ all ov 


7, 


242 SUFFERINGS OF 


1620, had gained the victory, and the first men 
of the state had been either executed or dispersed ; 
they banished by a general law all the clergy, 
because they were said to have been the authors 
of the insurrection, 2. e. delay in obeying the 
command, at once to become Catholics ;—and then 
endeavoured to bring the people to a change of reli- 
gion, at first by enticing them with flattering words, 
and soon after by means of terror and torment. 
At last, when after six years, they had by these me- 
thods gained over very few, they, in 1627, banished 
the whole Evangelical nobility, from their native 
country, and began to force the people by imprison- 
ments and tortures, to abjure the chalice and pro- 
mise obedience to the Pope. The people were 
indeed more willing to sacrifice their blood, than 
their souls; but were only laughed at for expressing 
such a wish, and the armed apostles replied, that the 
Emperor was not thirsting for their blood, but for 
their soul’s welfare. For in Rome, they had come 
to the resolution: that since the experience of a 
whole century had proved, that the fever of the 
Lutheran heresy could not be cured by the letting 
of blood; another rule must be adopted, namely, 
that regimen, which comprehends banishment, in- 
earceration, and all kinds of jading tortures. By 
such a system they accomplished so mucl: in torty 
years, thatthere wasno longer an Evangelical church, 
or the solemn exercise of religion, or even a Bible 
existing in Bohemia and Moravia. [or every copy 


of the holy scriptures, and all the purer books of 


edification, that they could obtain, were one and all 
destroyed by fire. And those who, in order to 
preserve their faith, have fled from their country— 


aE hth ih neh nh ss 


To aUMMayTy _ 
wont den oil hon promis aol bomber fnil O8fD . —- 
irerepetl: to letowiea rnitio ces hunt shite wld te © 9 
vegoly eds ie wok lewmoy a yd foadeiund oyods = 

> silt att aesd oval on ble anew yodr senaca 
wu gutyelo wi ysiol oo 4 aotoorwent off Foo 
walt brtr—; illic) aumond af san te dbebmos” 
“Het to sizesilo aor ohqowy och gard or bewownsbite ; 
— Firion surosilt Wie pred ots yd Seah te toy 
Menriot bes wrt tw een yd with noose bar 
~Sts sent 1 heal youll ertey xia veda ade dant GA 
boilaivod S88 wi -zady st 7284 owe honing ehodt’ 
oven “edt mot ville hisiloganvl slewlw odd 
~woatTqent 7A alijior att cord or mayed Bit vette 
roy bitw ssifeile ad: doutdn ov eon hen eosin 
ow ahyooy sll “qed ait ot suagthiede oxinr > 
uiadd boold tivity ositizoes or gaiffiw syonr hosbai 
Qitieasnges 10) ta hotguel vino srow tink yalnos risdd 
wit sadt Sesilqor velteodn boomin odd baa alebr x dows 
wt gud Adele viet wit goitetid? dow ee Iorsm - 
omoo bail qoily moll ni 10°T__oriiluw lvoe ais)” 
* 10 soembrqzs edt sonia ind? : weiter ods ot 
silt Yo teva sdt dnily desvortq lint annie nfody 
aeitiol alt yd hone sd son bine yer enredtind 7 
‘looras beigobe et senor ole Yodtonn yboold to 
-F davealaiaad elsroloqeroy doidw \womtger sails ; 
vl .evtutior gathel to ebaid Ne bee poitemetas 7 
qavet ai slowey om horleilqeosen yal aod tous” 
lords Leblfogitn WY we ron! oéew ood ram 
iG 2 nore te antigilor Yo saiorixy atteloe nitty 
wqoo yrove we'd aro. hoa vlaetoll ai quinizgg 
Wy edood wing od id baw eoTniqiee Ylod oly Yo 
Nis here gro ora stidetito bhivoy Youd dunt tutta Dili 
O vob at dW aodt hu Sill yi Bevortia > 
— cones sil med belt ovad lint sisily wpe 


= 


» 
CT] 
“— ® 


=e _ 


THE PEASANTRY. 943 


which is the case with thousands—have either lost 
their firmness through the distress of exile, or been 
so diminished by unceasing misery, that there is 
but a small remnant left.” 

We purpose to give in the history of two indi- 
vidual cases, a faithful description of the manner in 
which the country people were treated. 

“ Of the many examples (says Holyk)* which I 
have seen and heard, the following is peculiarly re- 
markable. There was a very aged peasant in the 
village of Grusitz (or Hrusitz,) whose name was 
Peschek. He intended, in 1650, to escape from 
the Papists, by going secretly into Saxony. But 
being betrayed by some, who suspected his design, 
he was surprised at night and seized in his own 
house; thence led like a thief to the castle of 
Hradek, in the domain of Wallenstein, and there 
thrown into the deepest dungeon, where he was 
subjected to the endurance of great pain, filth, hun- 
ger, thirst, &c. ;f but he remained firm, and as often 
as he was asked, if he would renounce his heresy, 
and become a Roman-Catholic? he replied, with 
a candid spirit and an undaunted mind, that lhe 
could say nothing contrary to the word of God, 
and that it was impossible for him to die in the 
papal religion. When again called forth from 
his deep prison, and asked by the Jesuits if he 
would not yet be warned and persuaded to em- 


* Bothin his ‘ Papal Scourge,” andin his *‘ Bitter Tears of 
Bohemia,” Holyk, as a Jesuit scholar at the time, was cye- 
witness of those scenes, which he yet felt and remembered in his 
old age. Sce also Wetzel’s History of Hymns, ii. 380. 

+ To “rot” in the prison was at that time a very common 
expression, and it is also mentioned by Luther in his larger 
catechism. 

Rao 


os artes Catt 


i) 


a MOTRNEED BUT 


ol tushis svol—ebunenoild dsiw sets oelt ab foistw 
nal vo wsliza Io eevveih odd thors seoaseth aids 
ei geal) tut »emechi goiengoan od bodeinimih os 
“dal tanner Maat 2 dunt 

sibni owt Jo yrotail oil) mi orig ot vsoquig oW 
ei none odt lo aotqiveah Lidia s 2oano Inubre 
borat ww alyoon fives edi doidy 


eT oid *(ayloH vere) ealquery yor ods 10 


-u1 yhniloesy #1 gninolldt oft tawod bre use ved 
wit 1 dma bows grey a ene ewlT .oldedrem 
“ev amon saolw (,.iamkl ae). siteus Yo. sgalliv 
MOT] MTIEe oF GOL vj. belwetat sH — alesloeoF 
wil .yqo28e ordi ylterope galey yd stsiqaT ons 
gbob eid bameqeus od gute ww boyeaod gniod 
hwo ail ai Kose bos sdyin te beings ecw of 
Ww oliens oft 01 Yoirlt a oil Tel ome), + oavod 
omit bas wieznotle yl? lo aiemwebadt ot..dobett 
een ol crndwy Hosgirols togqoale mult olat avons 
“sil tli tag toors lo somunitiyse oda of boinsidssa 
pally an baw uri bestwurot od jad |; 038 jaridt 9g 
ered vil ssuvens: binow of U.bodas enw od an 
Hitwe tilqor orl 4 sifortteQemsmesl a autoood be 
of dwt Doter byuebas ae doe ionqe hibuso p 
howd Yo dnow odt of yritmea gaislion yo* bluoo 
ot nt vily ot mid x0) oldiexoqemi enw ai doi) bas 
font Myo bolle siege asd vorgile: Leqaq 
ol Vi atime sit vd bodes bas aver qoob eid 
“4 of Dulane, bus boone od. tory jon bisow 

Yo mT WHE © git i hoe “yoetmont tag vid dito * 
“Wi? baw oat mili in sulodow stows ban jlyloll “aimedod 
84 nit bored aroma bean 210) 20% ail doled qesagon seer) Yo seontiw 
WEE ait yemroy ll Yo vomit she oats 902 sogn bio 

aoniwed Youre veld tol) ta enw aoeing edt al “Sor” oF + 
vagial ali aff an ‘eootsaaralll aa i 
i oe - geaaidooie 
n 


rs 


¢ 


944 SUFFERINGS OF 


brace the Catholic religion; or if his heart had 
become so full of the devil that he could by no 
means be reclaimed? He answered: “ Dear imen, 
I have nothing to do with the devil, but I adhere to 
my Lord and Redeemer Jesus Christ, who dicd tor 
my sins and rose for my justification.” Then be- 
coming very angry they said: ‘ This man fully de- 
serves to be burned.”” Being in great agony the 
pious old man then exclaimed: “ O that God would 
take me from this world, that I might no longer hear 
such blasphemies.” He then turned to them and 
said: “ Fathers, do you really think that you would 
be justified in burning me?” Many who were 
present at this touching and mournful specch of the 
aged man, could not refrain from shedding tears: 
particularly when they saw how much he was dis- 
tressed. The Jesuits perceiving this, induced 
the authorities to confine him again in his former 
prison. But previously the much afflicted con- 
fessor was scourged by the jailer; and then 
placed in the dungeon, where he continued a 
whole year until the following Easter. Upon 
being taken out once more, he was sharply ques- 
tioned, by the Jesuits and the Dean, who en- 
deayoured by various tortures to foree him to the 
Popish religion, but all in vain. “The good old 
man was so exhausted by torture that he could no 
longer raise his head or his eyes, or stand on his 
feet; aud he was unable to speak. At length, 
when he could neither eat nor drink, they placed 
him in a less horrible prison, where he remained 
a day anda night. The next morning some Jesuits 
again came to him with a wood crucifix, and 
asked if he would acknowledge this as his Redeemer 


Sa OM aS LO he ve 


10 souatiMa s+ ee 
local remit aif Te paoigiier stoi ©. ad 
wt 00 Hihito ad tet) Hye oft Yo Mid os m 7 
sen els here OH PM hieniedse sd enna! : 


tothe T rd diveb oil) die ol ot gaiilton aval 1 
tl bath of iil eo), ssereobedl baw trol ger” 
Sul antl ~\notteorina| par ab macy eh 
wily ylleesare cull + bine voile yrecw yor gain 
“ali yaoyn therg wi enlstl “heme ad oot eave 
Know bob tut O- « haitiatons nity non blo eioiq 
ted wanotnidpin T tilt itvow elt amet our alat 
bin mst oF beets cod) oH“ sSiemedgaatd stows 
Nino tery dralt Anidy yilast wool ernie ™ ; bine 
owe Gifw goal “Your solenal ni ieMeng od . 
vil to Hong Ritatiwen bar guidswor alt tin tanertg 
wii ‘guibbaile mot cieftsy toa Theo Jom bege ~ 
wih ani ad Hour weil vine rods tod vbouliothiag 
hoonbat ait geiviovsy cine al haeeont 
vourtol aitlal iiegs iit oulinds at saliivodsuan of 
“og betsitiw von oft viavorreny tw nese ~~ 
(mds how jtoliej, alt vd legiiige enw tossh 
« houniines of vith \nosigneb ade nb dMoaly 
nog) teen erivolist ody lim dedy slow 
~eonp pale aaveeotl ine sono we weler gaied~* : 
9 oly ons ot bitin stivesl, ote Yd bonott | 
wilt oF will ead oF aovirtion anottey yd borvovesh" 
ile bowg oT iav ot Mp tid, daiqod | - 
on blues sd Yailt oarioy pul 4 oekeu win 
Hil no bine ye aya il ao bral eld oMlet togaol * : 
freaked seemed oldane zowoad baw 7 doo. 
bronky gaily sluithon ms apilsiog hioa sl nnddeo 7 
Ivins ot ri uostny olditrod ah «wt mid © 
:) 


Stoel ones yiiardtix on oT ad bus Yab e 
haw ,¢fiour ek avis pb se 


toeevebiadl eid en ail oghalwoudoe bluow ol Vi a 


THE PEASANTRY. 9AS 


and Saviour? [His answer was: * [know and fully 
believe that Christ and not this wood, has been cruei- 
fied for me. Christ, who is indeed both man and 
God, died for me.” They were mute and gnashed 
their teeth. But being unable to make him speak iu 
any other manner, they at last said: ‘ Such a hard- 
ened heretic deserves nothing better, than to be 
thrown on the fire, or in the open fields to the wild 
beasts.” He replied, “In God’s name, do with 
ine whatever you like! Whether you burn me, or 
cause me to be devoured by wild beasts, still | 
am certain that my Redeemer, Jesus Cliist, will 
take my soul to heaven.” Then exclaiming: 
“O Lord Jesus Christ, have merey on nic!” he 
began the Lord’s Prayer; but before he had ended 
it, he gave up the ghost, in a manner so placid 
and gentle that le seemed to sleep. O how great 
was the weeping and the sympathy of us all, for 
this aged man, as we stood around, and beheld 
him with bleeding hearts ! 1 cannot describe 
the whole scene, but when I only think of this act, 
Tam unable to refrain from weeping bitter tears. 
This is a striking example of a simple Bohemian 
peasant.* Is it not a terrible thing, that they wish 

* His grandchild left his native’ country, where the perse 
cution now raged, and went to Silesia, Dresden, and finally 
to Zittau. His children have been more successful, than the 
fugitives could venture to hope for; since during five genera- 
tions they have repeatedly been appointed to respectable ollices in 
theological, medical and other departments, and have thus, by the 


blessing of God, been raised to affluence through banishment. 
This little history will also explain to the reader the reason why 


the author of the present work, has investigated this portion of 


Church history with such particular care, and why he has endea- 
voured to make himself master of a subject so important and 
yet so little known. Comp. Lusatian Magazine, 1780, 157. 


EA AEA kk 


Gee TOTELANAS IT 


ab) bin tend 1 conn wwe aH ae hoe 
=inieto steel anal Lier wilt Sou dersefud") sats a vot h 
haw wen Wed telat ei oly eb) ont t0l Ini : 
lottery bre onus soe yolT “nds 16) both bow | 
Wh deme sid ode 0 siden geted yf ised rol 

‘rin a lowe * : bine saab du. peal socom torltO ye 
wt oF tool) sented yuilion eviesl sitered boys 
pesos HHT lh 08. ahlolt iige orl) st 70 tit ont co mveul) 
Win ob seni <'howd al™ dailgn off “etensd 
yw one wid joy ded WT odil wry asvaleda om 
1 Hite wienad biiw yd banuevab il a) ont sauso 
ive Jem eneol srsomabesl vut Melt ofatie. on 
‘giimidhxy olf “coven or aoe yar odes 
wt “lon 6 yom sve tabul’? aieel Inrol 0 
Hobas Inal oi srited md : soyse'l etait ods inmgod 
ligaly Oe vouite n oF teoilg aly yi svay od 
tuna wo O (vote of Dnoryen ql sult oleae baw 
WH ie an to vilteyinye odd Inte uvigaww oii sow 
Moilal tw duthows boots vw an inari heros aidt 
minenh totus T lero gislbrwalt sin ssid 
doe hilt Yo duidt zivo 1 ail fiat onece sled oil 
“ht wig gale mot aves oF oldaun mal 
iinet oljunia o to olqurexs guide o of eidT 
ein eeult tail) souids oldivar «fom ti el er) 

wry ah node oonnee “wrisan eid dl blitobamy sill * 
adit fait mle jeteali® oF ade@ Dae .boget wor aolies 
od till Jilempaee wont nsod seid auyblide ell .oassiS of 
swrnerg ot wath ovale ¢ 0d age! OF swiiV bloos sovitign? 
bieviitio sidiiaqest oF Lvtiareqqa aon! ylhurwaqut ovat yo) eaois 
“Wh iid gut hae crarminaqohsdto hwbdtasiban lasigoloads 
Yyeundelond dquo: wovonliin of Wredori arab Nic Yo yerteeald 
tile moenpy mit vobawy ott 07 aialqae onl Mbw Gold ohail aiadt 
he noi tog ait daeRiern soil abow wi) Yo yous od? 
<Gilni ena tlw tnd no alusitiny oddil dead 
btw a os Maple 2 We todenn alan of brane 
1 OALP omategelt aetna que!) dwoud oladll on doy 


246 SUFFERINGS OF 


to compel the poor and simple-minded people, by 
such persecutions to embrace their religion }" 
Thus far the eye-witness Holyk. 

In 1629, twenty-two peasants from the villave 
Zlonitz, were brought as prisoners to the town of 
Schlan. On the road, they cheerfully sung hymns 
on the resurrection of Christ. They were accused 
of having returned to heresy, after embracing the 
Popish religion, and of having celebrated the sacra- 
ment among themselves. They were imprisoned 
separately, and soon atter repeatedly examined. 
The chief of these men was said to have been a 
eertain G. Balzer, who officiated as their minister. 
notwithstanding his inability to write. He was be- 
trayed by his own landlord, who having turned 
to the Papal church, wished to obtain the favour of 
the Emperor, and therefore called upon the council 
of Schlan, to remove this disobedient man. When 
Balzer appeared before the council, the accusa- 
tion was read to him. He was urged to reply, 
but asked for time, and promised to give his 
answer in writing. As soon as he had procured a 
person to write for him, he dictated the following in 
the Bohemian language: ** | have heard the accusa- 
tion pronounced against me. The first point is, that 
LT have proved faithless to God, my Creator, and to 
my own conscience, by having embraced, and then 
again forsaken the Catholic religion, and thus be- 
come guilty of perjury. To this I reply; that I 
was at that time induced to sin against God, my 
best judge, only by the most severe imprisonment. 
Alas! I was then too weak in faith, and did not 
sufficiently trust in God, who is able to save his 
own from the hands of their enemies. .1 felt God’s 


at aaa and ce a 


30 ANVIESTICe 9 
v4 jolqong hoturimolyrtiz bua sooq ont racial to 
“\ noite ail seri of enolningreg ottoue © 
Jo esothw-oe ode ad andT © om 
opallie ai) molt toeesy ontyinwet BSOt al 
to weer Silt or eneting en tilguowd e7 xiinolX 
amv pie tiles yodt bow oft oO .ontdod : 
heute ey vod irl to noiereest silt to | 
af gnivimlun tite revo oF hodsnit gabvad to . 
-weone attr batentles gairud Yo haw motrgil deiqot 
bonortiqent own voll zyvioeetodt yeaa desne 
bovisners ylbstesqet tein soos baw ylotetadqea 
& aed avad or bine eer ootr seold to olde odT 
stateluier ted) 28 boteloiie odw jexlel 2 wists 
“ul 267 oH atin of vtilidonl eid gollqwteliiwion 
boned pittradt ode Jinfheasl awe aii edt boyetY = 
to worl slp mins oF Ledabr dri loyal orlt of 
Tennop alt noqw halter ercterods ban momen ody 
anh wai trothadosth sid svoniet on gnililod to 
sieve Sit livid oily ordlod Leauge woslell 
‘yor of hep sew olf .miil-of fem gow mol 
sul svig ot besimong ban ioc 1 bales sud ~ 
6 hot tail od eo nooe 2k cgnitiew eh wane 
a! wotrotiot ods hoseiib vil wnid wh wteat moesg 
~nenvon oilt Seed sved 1“ i spungmel uuimeadotl ould. 
toil? 41 Juiog MAAedT | oot iniege byonmoneng noit, 
oF bug rome!) yun dvi) 01 aeslalsiod fomnq wedl — . 
nol) Dios osording gairvad dl sonsisete wwo ye 
<ul aunlf Hoe, oitoilts') silt mdmenot eae 
A tatt egiqet Teil oT rrntang Yo hi i 
yon Dow henlioge We oe levoleat oot tanild dn sua 
Arovonon nyu save aeout oloyl ylae gauho( tend 
toy bib has hid ab dow vor cody eee D teak - 
aid ovue oF olda eb Ow dol at few Giwsroitiue —— 
e'lnt) thal de prbenkn Yo abusadl lt wail Marg . 


THE PEASANTRY. 9ay 


chastisement for this sin, my conscience being trou- 
bled during a whole year, so that [scarcely ventured 
to hope for his mercy. Then remembering that 
sinners of old, found merey by repentance, I called 
upon God night and day; moistening my couch 
with my tears, for I loathed myself a sinner. And 
God, the true and the just, who desires not our de- 
struction, ‘ nor the death of the sinner, but that he 
should turn and live,” did in his own time reveal 
unto me his mercy. I received what I prayed for ; 
He sent me an angel, and my eyes saw a light 
brighter than the sun. At that instant I received 
the Holy Spirit, and felt myself newly born; | 
received the power of distinguishing between good 
and evil spirits, and with this gift was imparted to 
me the commission to reproye the sins of man. I 
speak no untruths; for the Holy Spirit is not con- 
cealed in those to whom he is given. He is not to 
announce future events to the wicked, but merey 
to the repenting sinner. For which reason I was 
forbidden by the Holy Ghost from exercising any 
works of the flesh, or worldly desires, which only 
rebel against the righteous Judge of the living and 
the dead, and against his elect saints, This is also 
well known to Baron Walkleun. They have 
hindered me these four years from proclaiming the 
truth; but the more they hindered me, the more 
did God strengthen me by His Spint. They may 
also remember that | came to the castle of Zlonitz, 
to proclaim the truth, and exhort them to repen- 
tance, as the Lord Jesus commanded me by his 
Holy Spirit, for three days in succession. On the 
last of these days 1 had a book with me. As my 
accuscr says that I aim a misleader of souls, I reply 


= 


- 


ver ‘YOUMACART BT, 


“HO Yoel seeorveroy vot wie edt wl dnomeelteads 
bors ylostwoe 1 daltons “uloy olotw a-pabinky bold 
sails peredarine: golT “otom aid sah oqort o) 
healing 1 scconteysa rd voto dew bie Yo\eranie 
Hieioo Yat oninetsiont > yale hoe ailgia bod moqut 
bats tonaie wn tlexvur trotsaol L aet 1000 rer iw 
“wh une 10 eotieoh oly denj wilt bos suv oily bo 
eens aud gonais od) Yo stems alle you ™ coioure 
— tesrst sini) wo. eld ni bib. “svi be weet bloods 
Ht barary | tantn loving | yonein vil ser ofnu 
Kiiuil a wee. sez vit bow loegaa neu tase ofl 
hovievot 1 gmasens wali, ue att gel tolilgnd 
1 50d yen Lowa: tot bine Ang yolk ods 
hoog woywiad wuidenpnbeil Jo weg allt bhoviaosr 
O borimati 2ov Py eult diy baw athiee live bua 
[tem to aude vilt_ovo1q9t on odealinos edd on 
<Hoo Jon. etiaige lo ~sils yl cadsyden on dgoqe 
ot ton sig .imviy +i ol male ot galt wi holaso : 
yotens til Lessin orld of” einem omen? somionas : 
-uW 1 uoao donk tu Aoie qubiinget ade ot 
Yue periaionons cuit sok) GOH odt-yd nobbideod 
lao doidw etieol vibivan 409 ile oft to edtow 
baw yetivil eile Vo opiyul, 00d ait ot tenhege lodyr 
bale et ei'T . znmine wooly sil seriagge dew brah orld 
ove yo onvldlel nowtl ob awend flowy 
odt gaiminloury snot suy tw0) slpen betbaid ; 
sont oft ot beabail volt arene ait dud 7 thd 
yaar god? diaky2 etl) yd oan modygeensa be bib 
minolS Yo aliene edi ot sued 1 godt sofort oefe 
“ioe ot odd miley bon alse wilt Hiniovrg ot 
eal oer bebummaroy evel led ol) ao nord 
gilt wt) Hobe aie rsh swult eh hig qlolt 
vin e+ won tiie good a bed | 21th seal) Yo teal 
thy | aluoe Io gbeolelin ome | dsl) eae toesonn 


248 SUFFERINGS OF 


and maintain, that it certainly is the will of the Lord 
Jesus that you also should hear me. They were not 
strong enough at that time to wrest the book from 
me; yet they refused to glorify God. 

But we will break off, giving only the beginning 

of his defence, in order to shew also the character of 
those times by the history of this man. 
- As this written declaration was composed in an 
unusual style, the priests and Jesuits went to him 
(no one else being admitted) to treat personally 
on the subject, and dissuade him from his purpose. 
But he adhered to his resolution, and said though 
indeed only a layman, and not able either to read or 
write, yet what he had preached, and was yet about 
to preach, he had not of himself, but of the Holy 
Spirit. ‘It is certainly true,” said he, “ as I have 
lately and frequently declared, that after my great 
fall | spent a whole year in tears. But at last the 
Lord Jesus had mercy on me, and shewed me his 
wounds, through which the wounds of my conscience 
were instantly healed.” 

He related this event to the Jesuits just as he had 
previously done it to the people. If they began to 
dispute with him on the holy sacrament, on the 
only intercession of Christ, &e., he always referred 
to the proper passages in the Bible, and would 
insist thereon. He announced punishment to the 
persecutors of the people of God ; and predicted a 
reunion to the flock of Christ which was now dis- 
persed by wolves. Being at length sent to Pracue, 
he there received sentence of death. On the 14th 
of August, 1629, they took him to the gibbet before 
day-break, in order to prevent a concourse of 
people. Here his head was struck off, his body 


A el A hl lS lk le sk ill 


sen i hs SN ee A i a a Ba i a A lk al Nk ak a | a el Me a ae na 


ao eOnTMITTVE 


trod sti Wo Liars i pluie a8 gas 9 
rom sew stel'T ect tan JMnade only wey dutta 
~- Haat oil) teow ot cari sort do vguoue-ghora 
how vihwhy ut hoasiet.yodt toy 40m 
sini wit vino uuivig Fo devel lw ow toll. 
W armies ails ocala weds of tole ot Sousieh atid Yo 
aoe — sttectt eiilt Yo qsonsisl alt yal eounir saodls 
<7iie ih beeoqurey sew woitwentool: nemtrew sili ad 
wid of tas atieesl bow eteing ott byte laveuae 
(aciezq soot  hottimin paid sels oo od) 
emonpuny aid enoil mil sierenily deme dooldise olf no 
dguod? bisa bas oituloss sit os bewatlbs od wf 
1 hast of tate sida ton bom aworyal a Ylno bagbat 
tiqde 16% eer hae .teaionorg bad sal dade toy ottaw 
loll oda Yo md Teemnid to toma od. dong 08 
svat Lew etl bice 01 yuan — ahigd 
tavigin Tete salt Livtoleb ylatpepedl bos ylosal 
sil desl 34 uth ~ets9) ni rosy slodw 2 tooqed Id 
“il oi boveile ban sat do yorast bad eel bral 
sousipanes yar ly ebuuon ott doiilo dywords abasow 
“ holaed ylinutani ordv 
bud oe €6 Jan; etinesl ali os tusvo atl) bojaler oH. 
o Aeged gods 1] slqveq olf of  attoh. ylaveivery 
ait fo Jasmin: vlod ods mo nid vltiv, stogaib 
hortiet eyowls od ..0% geil) lo noiezenriai ylao 
iiwew bee oldiél oda i> eogoeemp anger adt od 
efi ov susardeittieq Loonmoune 9]d cowl) seient 
# beniieng ban : bod to siqosq alt te motuareg 
“ab wot eae teidy indD to doolhedsof noinusr 


oy tae dry iil in yoindl seoviioww renee | 
pe oQ) tel lo vateee bevione 
vida! raddig gabe a mis! Joos youd ronan | 


jo wetomOs Dp AmoigG a) lo ati -alngnd <yusb 
Yad aie Mer agua dowel etal wall ohyooy 


THE PEASANTRY. 249 


quartered (as was generally done with criminals), 
and every part thereof was exposed in the public 
roads. 

Towards a proper description of the treatment 
of the country people, we are, in the absence of the 
anti-reformation reports, only able to find single 
instances. Some examples will shew the proceedings 
of the persecutors. The following is a threatening 
letter of the often-mentioned anti-reformer Kolow- 
rat:—“I, Sdenko Leo Liebsteinsky, hereby an- 
nounce, that although the inhabitants of Friedland 
have been hitherto supplied with excellent priests, the 
heresies among them have nevertheless decreased 
only in a very small degree. This has been caused 
by the boldness of a clever preacher at Weigsdorf, 
who assembled the people to his heretical legends, 
sermons, and ungodly ‘communion sacrilege,” 
and who also, while the Swedish army was near, 
with great temerity, took possession of the Bohe- 
mian church, formerly closed against him, and 
persevered in these attempts, so destructive to the 
soulsof men. Asthese practices are opposed to the 
laws of the country, and against the holy purpose 
of his Imperial Majesty; I hereby peremptorily 
command all the inhabitants of the town and do- 
main of Friedland, to adhere solely to their 
appointed priests, to honour and follow them with 
particular pleasure, to avoid secret conventions, and 
go neither to the soul-destroyer (!) of Weigsdorf, 
(where the church will again be closed) nor to any 
other church, that thus they may avoid the punish- 
ment of being burdened with a body of military, 
which I would graciously rather prevent.” 


= 
—. =e 


Oe warnnenatant 


, elanaiintiaeibten only leroy: ad 3) torsbrstinp i 2 
oiler att ni bezogqas ata Yowstalt sreqe ytove' ben 
< bat 


meaner nd) to moigheeeh wqoq 6 ebeweT 
att bo voceedu out ai sug alqoaq wittnos bilt to 
olgdie: bet of vlde gino Aton ceaiainos-itag 
epiileese iy mld wedla blew solyutens oR 25onteni 
<2 yaiintisult wel yoiwolidt ofT amnmsoersg ot Yo. 
wold aancletine bonotianeadio add tor ditto! 
~an vivo yoleniondstl oxf adaebe PY $en 
benim) to etiraidadat adpvqwadite tedd 2ouuou | 
wh verwitq ditvllooes dtiw boilqane otmdiid 290d over 
mesotaeh aalilttovon oved anvils geomn eoieyrod : 
boats arsed aul eitt'l - ovngoh tase yaa a al yloo 
‘tobegioW tn totloneny wovalow Yo eamablod ile +d 
zlvtrgel disivaad sid at olqeaq aby belderssan pilw 
“enliven” ythoge bua jsaonres 
‘igo eew vinin dathowe odt olby oale olw bow 
vill oct jo troteasz20q: door .yaivomie? thoy ildiw 7 
“has yal texting herofs ylmvagh socio itor 
wil? oF svizoniteed om atyitetin vom ni hotswsrieg 
all} oF bwcgyo 91 wit sede aoe lo eluoe 
seopry Ylod oelt teninge Die vem ode Yo eval 
elirosgenaag edoed Lcogresjalt Isheqarl aid Yo : 
“ob bw aeeot od) lo Seatididal odd ie bases 
tilt ot vetoes omilbe oon Jbelboil Yo nian 
ihiw moily wall bas twonolot smsing bosaieqqs 
bias anvisoriios Ino hiove of taanaly ahwolymg 
hoheyio Vl 9e4Q)) wvoiesb-lies ade varbtion 
o) san (hea@lo vl uinwe tiw domly aly ode 
Heian ol) biota yon yous enity tebe ponte vedo : 


platitia Io. ybeal we dDiw- bowelvanth | ial Yo 
| Satsang toda isotloang hie tdgine 


3% “y)? 


250 SUFFERINGS OF 


At the same time he wrote to Grizlaw, the 
governor of Friedland, to the following eflect :— 

“ Since so few people of Friedland are Catholies, 
and they prefer attending heretical sermons at 
Weigsdorf, you will positively close the church, 
which is situate on Bohemian soil. You will 
also reprove Melchior and Christoph Gersdorf, the 
proprietors of the place alluded to, for having 
permitted, in the time of the Swedish army, and for 
still permitting, the preacher to perform clerical 
functions; you will further also instruct them to 
dismiss those who run after the preacher, and inform 
them that the right which they fancy they possess is 
solely vested in the domain of Friedland. The 
people must also be punished and prevented by the 
soldiers of the castle from going on Sundays and 
holy-days to the preacher of Weigsdorf. I write 
this from a friendly feeling, as your connivance in 
this affair may occasion you some trouble, and his 
excellency, your gracious patron, might incur the 
displeasure of his Imperial Majesty. For the 
present Emperor is very zealous in matters of 
religion, and Jas issued a new and severe edict 
against the non-catholics.” 

Some, however, of all ranks among the Bohe- 
mians maintained their constancy. Among whom 
we wiil mention a lady,* Katharina Ottia Loss, for- 


* The Jesuits were particularly spiteful to the ladies. Peter 
Andreas once said at Prague, ‘‘ It were much better for a Catholic 
to have the devil than a Lutheran woman near him; for the 
former might be driven away with adjurations and holy water, but 
neither the cross, nor the consecrated oil, nor baptism was of 
any avail agaiust Lutheran women.” Sce ‘‘ Deductions-Sehrift,” 


p. 239. 


2) uatsees 


a 


: 
em 
a 


Yo sommasie — . . OBS 
ott wl ot were of sarit omnis gf BAL oo. 
=: tiie: pitivalle odd ot ,banthalyl te vomtsvog 
oitudieD gta bralheit'l to siqueq Wal vs soni * _- & 
i snoprm@e Leotivrod gribsetia wise yold bee’ | 
Algnuly alt sols ylovitieog Elive sox  JrobenisW 
in oof tice neiuslotl se stmrtia et doidw | 
wilt bobwtel) qoteid'D bin titolo wroxgqer dele 
eid wh wn bsbullo sul wt to 
Wh hare yore deilowe ot to onateadt wt dating 
tewriols. urctieg ot ‘stlomarg orlt cgeittieig Mite 
ot stolt doinent oaln wedi Siw ney pemoitodut 
milai bus giodossry odd softe m7 onlwe-neodd saimaih 
ai seoneey yort youuit yorls cloidw tein ald sudnneds 
mit itaibots to atamob oft si futenw ylolow 
ott yd borgsvety has” borin od eels teen alqosq: ~~ 
bun s7ebeok av gitivg moi oliene ody Yo erwiblos 
wirtw T chobegie'W to vidonsiq aie oe aynb-ylod 
nl somevigos Tey 2x ,gailost yiimabi w mmo aids 
71 Daw ldwow smos aoe stoiesnon paw ride atl ©. - 
af} tusat sdgion waring anotoery awotyyoallooxs : 
wl teh ages deitegml std to omeclqeih 
to eusiiam ab euolags yay’ ai derragtey 
loiho wove: baa won a bowest ag | eorgiler: 
“eoiloiino-ane gilt Jentege 
~siloll elt gneme adam lis lo “erwedl jen! 
mow yromA toantenos siodt homiattibent asaint® 
stot #eel oO nerradta dl * vbol » soitweardiin sw 
mol esthal ait oo Lifvsiqe yhote as it ott © 
oilodiatd ppt h: le ” rns 
— wane a ye Pie =e iy 
tot rohawe on anh on bn din Yewa Boe od utyia Merl. 
Yo ann misligasl v0.0 tio hauones oli rd nema ad aodlgiog 


THE PEASANTRY. eo 


merly of Teschobus ; who, notwithstanding the Em- 
peror’s command to expell even widows, would 
neither embrace the Popish religion, nor depart the 
country. She was left to choose one of the two. but 
she answered the commissioners : *‘ I cannot leave the 
country, because | am short of money: and my con- 
science forbids me to change my religion. You may 
order what else you like, but I shall entirely trust to 
my God.” She was then allowed to remain, cither 
because they were ashamed, or that it had been 
agreed between them not to kill any one merely on 
account of religion. ‘hus it happened to two Mora- 
vian citizens, Martin Stransky of Drocziz and Simeon 
Sierakowska of Krumau, whom neither promises 
nor tortures could induce to apostatize, and who were 
ready and willing to die for their religion. Their 
firmness tired out the commissioners, who ultimately 
dismissed them from prison, and knowingly allowed 
them to quit the country. 

A remarkable instance of constancy was also 
given by four tradesmen during the Hhossenberg 
anti-reformation. Among nearly three hundred 
vassals there were ten only who had courage enough 
to suffer imprisonment. Six of these yielded to 
the cold and hunger of the prison, but four 
were ready to endure further trials. Their names 
were Sigismund Hrussowsky, Nicholas Szarowez, 
John Aksamit, and Lorenz Karlik. Other means 
were now tried with them, and though they had 
already been suffering a considerable time, they were 
exposed five weeks longer, in the monthis of February 
and March, toa severe frost, and then suffered hun- 
ger nine successive days, in which time they did not 


alll Ain thi 


eR Re Rt bce 


122 -¥ATHAAART SHT 2. oe 
03 odt gatbastalsiwien odw ; eudodsesT to hoa 
hivow xvobin ase Lsqeo of tencrmog, arog 
wht Muga ton sroiyiles deigod oft sonnlars: 

dank sorwt ot) ong sooo, ot ful eam od& panos 
wiltsreo) toca 1” : exnoaionmes dt borewens ode 
“nwo vin ben : yoaon lostode wit | oeneosd yyriatios 
yee! .nohphr yar syaadaor ae ebidol sogaios 


ott tout ‘glotisas lleile Land dil woy oxi tode-aino 


taht» .itigntot of bewolls asili caw od@ “hod yar 


_ Wed Lak tt adi. 10 borredas epee yodd seueced 


wy Yistenk ono ye Lid of toc ssult qaswied hostys 
“nol 7-03 bedeqqail yi eu’! seatuilys Tosauosos 
aouniG bra sisomC Yo ystauctt8 airteld eassiio onie 
saumony vMitinn coil .vegutA tw adewodei2 
view oti line ssitteoqn ov saubul bipoaeeratzot tom 
sind _,anigiios sioils no) bby o0 sgallliw dime ybass 
dloiinhiecy erouobaimoos adi too hort escort 
bowollt visarryonal bas oozing onott ateilt bovelmeib 
“Haves ei) ship oy mpodt 
one An ysaulceD lo sountett A 
windusetod silt galiub oyciéobet mob yd aovig 
Wobuinl seals vive poomA  .odbisortclr-ius 
Hon opie hal oil «bine asf crew eto) elaseay 
ot boblsrz salt lo zi tasmmosinqer ative of 
wot aud noah, oft to sogQ0ud bas bios odd 
somes tied? lutte sodiut cubase of vbson omy 
soworsse enlodoiv, ,vdewozeu ll iS sew 
euavit cod dilieA savtol boe ,titupedA ‘uslol 
bad yods dgued) bus snot Atiw holes wow stew 
stow yoult sui alistubi«coo.s parolina peod vbeutls | 
‘Cunded tecdtwonrads ui argisol alum writ bosoqas 
“wit borstive isl fim eo} sores wet divialt baw 
sou Lib qod) onrit aloady ni +#(ub) svieanouua aan Yay | | 


952 SUFFERINGS OF 


receive a morsel of bread. They had at first a 
small piece; with which, and their own water, 
they had to sustain life. At last, a Jesuit and the 
governor of the castle came, and threatened to treat 
them with still greater severity, unless they re- 
nounced the Protestant faith. Sigismund replied : 
“ We will rather suffer hunger, the halter, or the 
stake, than sin against our God!” As they went 
away, he called after them: ‘ Whatever you in- 
tend to do, do speedily!” Henceforth they received, 
twice a week, a small quantity of bread, and a 
draught of water. They were, moreover, separated. 
Aksamit was left in their late prison. Nicholas 
was confined in the pit of a water-closet, and 
Sigismund in the flue of a chimney, no relative being 
allowed to approach either of them. At last, when 
every thing had been tried in vain for the space of 
twenty-one weeks, and no hope could any longer 
be entertained of their conversion, they were fined, 
and then banished from the country. They chieer- 
fully left their property, and went to Poland. Kar- 
lik, however, died in consequence of his sufferings, 
before he could reach the frontier. 

We must also mention those with admiration, 
who, as inflexible martyrs, (Phil. i. 7.) endured a 
lingering and painful imprisonment even unto death. 
Before the general persecution, much was suffered 
by John Burjan Kochowez, an esteemed and 
learned man, who was imprisoned by the Princess 
Lobkowitz, because he would not, according to 
her wish, confess the dogmas of the Popish church. 
He proved steadfast, though tormented by the monks 
and Jesuits for the long period of three years. He 


Peper eee werent famter ey rarer een 


ec li Rs An ce Rd me a a 


qo BOMINTVT A Ma 
a palt ta hae vol chao 10. teeronr o> 
sean ato “iglt han dei site ¢o08iq.. 
cult Wo tial ve teal A stil oer of bad yadl 
tortor Donomsrd? fa omeo stteno ot) lo romtave 
ot rn eenton ytétevee satontg dlisa altiw 
Wedlierr leumalyi4 altisd septestorL edt baonuog 
wilt yo. saslatl aed pevgeenl lt vlter Mr. ot 
=f yiliek “Lbol aso deutege nile god? wadete 
af por eyeel' Th smd? delta bolle ed yews 
tevvioeor yodt dctsonoH  “Lbibyees ob ,olot baat 
6 fire bed Yo vitimanp Mae oar, «cote! 
cherwraqes pravostom gran yodT  saatsw to sdguieth 
edluiiolA snoeing ‘otel vist ai diol apm sional A 
he vocloxomw w to tiq ot of tenilaos.2ow 
yeted ovisetex on -vorstrido 10 oul) ont ni LecpamaigiB 
morlve gent tA) orale To anidtis donarquy of bawalle 
10 omy edt vot niev Ft bora naeddinl garlt,yrer9 
eoqiol yi flues sqed. om baa sdeaw ono-yiaows 
vont erua vod ttoietsvitos ately Torbosicrieins od. 
enaiby galT — eitawos et moth herleaed godt bite 
aA” bnelol of sew boi rrreqong tilt dal, flat 
senha sdd Yo souynyexovs aidinds wrurad ail 
rubra alt home blico od orctod 
wotmioths div welt aoitnea cals tea 9'f/ 
» berthao (0 i fall) 2ryneat oldiveitci an ow 
abingh On seve Tcorao-ingent hiinioy bus guissgail 
bevitive aw doce .woituinsetod, o(lt owloll 
ban bovtmetie anu xowodond. i, adel yd 
 pevatr ade gl Lenesinyent ecw ode ynany boareol 
of Ynibiosae lon binow oil ommend .stiwodda 
dtyends qo! oft to sapmmob wilt eotre alee wil 
edane oily vd fewest dyuords tedthaiote hovguy of 
ol) dure SORE te boinoq, gaol ode vo) etieel baw 


THE PEASANTRY. aS 


died in his prison, and was interred beneath tive 
gibbet at Raudnitz. 

Near Leitomischl, a peasant suffered a long im- 
prisonment, and much. ill-treatment from the priests. 
He only was found faithful among three hundred 
vassals belonging to that domain. In_ his horrible 
dungeon he fell sick, and a Jesuit came to admonish 
him. But he said: ‘ Away, tempter: to-day | 
must go to the heavenly sacrament of Christ.” Te 
shortly after expired, and was buried near the place 
of execution. 

Still more admirable was the steadfastness of a 
clerk at Dobrzisch. This little town, with all its 
appurtenances, lad been presented by the Emperor 
to Don Martin de Huerda. As the clerk was not 
inclined to remain in the service of so severe a 
master, he resigned his office, and engaged himself 
as private tutor with a miller. When Don Martin 
heard this, he caused both the tutor and the miller 
to be brought in chains to the castle of Welhartiz, 
and thrown into the deepest dungeon. This was 
in 1623. The miller was soon liberated, but the 
clerk remained there a whole year, even to the day 
of his death. The dungeon was in so horrible a state, 
that both his legs rotted off; yet he was so sup- 
ported by his faith, that he sung cheerful psalms in 
his prison. Shortly before his death, he sent word 
to Don Martin, that he had already lost both his 

legs, and was full of worms; but the tyrant would 
not believe it. Thus the martyr died, faithful to 
Christ, on the anniversary of the very day on which 
he had entered the prison. He was drawn from the 
dungeon, and Huerda would not allew the body to 


OL Pa abana vo Late atl week) Lablra d 


Seana 


DAW esi shea yd 


Sk Cae aad es 


LE LT SE Ee le ane i th lt AS hs hn SN lds hl ls Nata ALLY slik Allis ll nee hd UIT ler edu 


be Rr ee | 
iid aligeirad! wey enw # bn. spirisa ji 
Prercin ‘ 


ti puol. 1 bondlina, a as 

weranrry oc even) tamertenutdik Mowers. Benes 

berbuiuil ovdt pao Lidia bayot age ie olf | 
Wdtriod cil ol minal tude oo yoigaoled alnssey ; 
Hainomby od sie tine la hae alpie Uist od orga 


aoa i fah-ot siotqand yevide* shiee al tof nid 

ol} “asi to 209mwwee lose oly of og tenn 

minly atl toon baited enw horn Juniges tikes ylstode 

nnitaoexs Yo 

a to seapulbossa gilt, save pldaninihe: soem 12 

ett The drlw ,evoi olitil alll itelenlotl ae dyke 

rorsqard edi rd batesesu weal bad zoo 
ton. exw dwis-ods 2h — olvjon Pst aliralé edd o1 

no sevee oe ‘lo ootvio® al) Ai visor ot baailoni 

Voeetiil bagreno bes oitio, etd hertyies of rotamer 

onl moll sei collin aii. vot) omving an 

tailing gilt hu rete oct dod beep orl ide boned ; 
AiMaile (7 Yo oliews ody oy eninge ot sd. quod ad ot 

cow sviT noogmuh srpiol eft atat irvotdd bas 

oilt tud ybommedil noo enw aolliat of? . 6800 ni 

‘wih sift ot nove tovy olodw a weil boolnnry ahesfo 

Sete nadine ox aisey cavgaabedT — lth aid to _ \s 
“ju? cram wil toy ye beyex eit dtod dans 
aii liftovdl grcus od pada yaltiat aid yd beviog - 
brow sm od lieob eisl viotod Lape snoekng eid 
sil aod geal yhsrle bal oul nol oF 
Dinow a edt jud ; eimrtow eow be egal 
cot fubelvie Hr add ead hai | ovata jou 

iotity am “lt Fo qineupiinent wl) 10. teint 


oll todh ox WOM nosing oly Lovgsde baal ot 
0 vbed ots wolfe. tou bijou alyrautl been. smug 


254 SUFFERINGS OF 


be carricd through the castle-gate, but had it 
thrown across the wall into the diteh, whence it was 
taken and buried by a shepherd. Such were the 
sufferings of an innocent man! O! how ereat are 
the miseries displayed in these few pages! The 
tortures practised by so-called Christians on their 
Christian brethren, were little inferior to those where- 
with, in the first centuries, the heathen persecuted 
the followers of Christ. This may certainly not 
have been the intention of Ferdinand II., but was 
done by officers who may have exceeded their autho- 
rity, and by soldiers who delighted in the sutterings 
of others. Ina similar manner the priests demanded 
much more of the people than was required by the 
prescribed confession of faith. Some, evidently took 
a pleasure in being the executioners of mental tor- 
ture, and compelled the people to confess the very 
contrary of their former faith. 

The people were more easily brought to Romanism 
in those places where Protestantism had only been 
known during the last fifty or one hundred years. 
The old Hussites and Utraquists remained the most 
firm, and even when they were compelled to sub- 
mit to superior force, they remained Protestants at 
heart. As long as they possibly could, they secretly 
celebrated the Evangelical worship. We have 
already mentioned their assemblies in deep forests, 
where the banished ministers also thought themselves 
bound to assist their former communities, and to 
officiate, though in fear and distress. 


There is another forest-scene in the work of 


Holyk, which, as it is the report of an eye- 
witness, we will here communicate :—‘ I remember 


oe ie a 


eye saves ens 


nt SAAT BE i Ai et bo 8 


eon Ss) eee 64 == 


qo eovuIeive 


i bel snd otepeolens sdt Mgtont’ ‘wii ob _ 
ay 1) comedy -clotth wif oot [low calt eaoTon srwoTdy 
wlt.<yng @ vols Aveorlyoria " vd twied furs csdlict! - 
Au tite wel 10) tan imaonnl i to ayesiasitor 


wtT Pesey wel sats al ob cohen ott: 

‘porutl o engaentD hall qo-04 a TORY eiuytor 

el esl! OF qoretntt oft oxeer teondtend eaitabdD 
a CT ees mq ciaieoil ody asians yout ody ni altive 


too viniariey yor eid salu) Ye witrwollot “ods 
aww ted JT bavniiesl Yo mobiestel sd ased oved 
-orlten died boheasxe aved yson ode eneaifto yd ono 
entities silt int bantyiloh odw emilee yd iow git 
iwbannsh store oY onnartalianemal silico Ww 
silt vd buriupet eaw ceilt olqooq ait Yo arent Mowe 
dood vfunbirs ono4 fbi to mobaeliaas bodivseatq — 
sot Tatton! Wo wemotiovaxs ott gated ab eroansiq @ 
yor sdf endo ot slqoxy ont balisemes bas ord 
iat torr tadlt Te yards 
erated ot xtguend rises sonra Slgoog 4dT 
io afd had reeitnintestond ermelvn Seem aeons at 
eu, by band ono to (Al tend olf gaitab mwond — 
out wl heaisorr Selupst bas eel blo od? 
-due ot f ron orem vot oxtw tows bus nti 
te eingtestold benien vou Sat oboque of far 
qhliero9e bios <|diseoq Sn Ua wand ataed © 
val 8 yow Inoily 
areviat qoob at eeilduraas a hosoitannr yheorkn ” 
pie okt aulsgierndt ote mnoteleinn sttwodw — 
ot bar or sonttol tight ot Gitidodo 
aegvicily bax tat nf dgpoils ototao 
Yo dow oft ni smectic tolione a ootT 


oy a6 ‘to oly oi st ew Mgulw ayo 
“god mes trsyt : eS onotl Wily o'er Jemeetiw i 


~ 


THE PEASANTRY. 259 


(says he) when I was a child about seven 
years old,* that my parents, with some others, were 
one day in a large and dark forest. There was 
no one but ourselves, and we were sitting very 
quietly in a waggon, under the thickest trees, which 
were covered with snow, and served as a roof. 
When I think of that, I am lost in admiration of 
God’s exceeding goodness, whereby we have been 
preserved. Among other things, I yet remember, 
that several hundred men were assembled in the 
great forest, where they built themselves huts with 
the fir-branches and other foliage in such numbers, 
that they almost formed a hamlet or little town. 
(The distinguishing marks given may yet be seen 
to this day.) On one side of these huts were two 
ponds containing abundance of fish, and on the 
other, near a hill, a bell was fixed between two 
trees, with which to assemble the people. Here I 
saw two ministers, administer the holy sacrament to 
the people. Who would then have thought that 
the Lord had thus preserved for himself a church in 
this dark and dreary forest! Some time after- 
waids, each of us returned to his home, where we 
could once more worship God without hindrance, 
and receive the holy sacrament according to the 
ordinance of Christ. But this privilege did not last 
long ; for as soon as the noblemen returned to their 
estates, the people were prohibited from attending 


* He was afterwards, like many other boys, taken from his 
parents, and placed under the Jesuits. In the great Salzburg 
persecution of 1685, they also retained some children under 
fifteen years of age. 

+ That is, in the summer. 


Se ae etree ements 


a — 


oac Tertnehae ant, . 
moves soda bie «maw ES mado - Coil apne) 


sto todio onmoa clio aherytng yim tals “io exeyy 
ann seiT = seo diel) hen oytal 0 ai deb one 
ter gnuiie omy ow bon eovisemo tnd ano on 
Hotie suit Sedvidt oilt whew noggew # nb yDoiup. 
Joor o an bevi9a bee Jrom ditty hemves ow 
Jo gotwtiola of rohan L ymis to debt T ood 7 
“to! oved aw ydanilw aesaboog gaibseors s‘bob 
mlronstsey f egoik mele guonth: Avie 
mit at beldiweee wow nor lethawd Loeitroe tads 
Here eto govioeaods til crac wiadw tee) Inorg 
ated tova et syallot odie Lew eedongtd-A onl 
wor slit 10 anlar & hemedt soma vorlt sult 
aoe od tay your wari edrenr goidehirguissiby fT) 
ows stow atm ueult Wo shikege @O (opal 2idt of 
oft co bas viet lo sveebida paisinos abaoq 
Ont asvnted bast eow ted wid © cen pride 
PowH olqosq sit oldemase or aloider iiw zou 
Oo? tovaneon ylod ods wmioiy armisiolia ows whe 
Malt thouelt evel noilt binew ed ofqosq ail 
Hi dodo wilson wot Doviseey anadd had bid silt 
~tofts seri! oam® | pom) ytawbh bos dial aids 
ow srly mod 2d os Dorner ew Yo dons abisw 
Apasthel wsodtin low qiteter sxo00 sotto blyos 
silt of guibreoos tnoimeoea yzlod ods ovioost bux 
teal tor bibewaliviny ault aw set Yo vonmulirto 
ood of boat ayokion stennoee an edt ; gaol 
pothesis mot hotididory cron alqoody ad +f eotntes 

aid moft gaia). mdto vail ow oH * 
goudale® gue a eet wr Onis tos Gace 
sebou anbiiiy omas benign oale guid A801 Ya oitmagers 
snes t 


. 


256 SUFFERINGS OF 


the Evangelical preaching. Nevertheless, we fre- 
quently assembled in the church, not indeed in the 
town,* but in the nearest village ; and in the absenee 
of the minister, a tolerably learned man who is yet 
alive used to read and expound the gospel. But 


the pious Christians were speedily deprived even of 


this privilege. Hence it was, that on the arrival 
of so many Jesuits in Bohemia, weeds were scat- 
tered in all places, and the good secd was stifled 
in its growth, because no Evangelical community 
dared to assemble in a church. For all this, the 
zeal for true religion was not extinguished amone 
the Bohemians, but they devised new means for the 
procuring of the heavenly food. They assembled 
once or twice a year, in the greatest and most ex- 
tensive forests, In various parts of the country. 

“ How and whence they obtained an Evangclical 
minister, I know not. On such occasions they 
placed vigilant sentinels in different parts of the 
forest, and then praised God in security and cheer- 
fulness. After the sermon, the preacher adminis- 
tered to them the holy sacrament, in a somewhat 
elevated spot, where the trunk of a tree had been 
prepared asa table. The pious will easily imagine 
how beautiful and lovely the praises of God re- 
sounded in these immense forests. The word of 
God was preached with peculiar zeal; and I am 
lost in admiration when I consider how wonderfully 
God is at all times preserving his church. — For 
though there have been from that time to the present, 

* This shews that these people in the forests were inhabitants 


of towns. At that period these forests were many miles in 
extent. 


os Lb sal a a 


a li oh a a i le a Ll 


WO ORIAFNIVE® Ore 
onl wwraaentailersraYt . <anidoomny egmird oft 
colt Wh brveddint tee ckvtoely ould wt rset abie piace 
nonenalgesalt att bein > vgellivy seoruvaag alt wi dud vor 
ey ated non bee video » saniain add Io. 
voll onyerg oct bartogza ban hoes ot bow vile. 
to pore bor opal ithoaqs omy ainpizail, auoig on 
fori sly no anddt sweat wool . opolivivy -atala 
=4i2 nen ehoow wimedol ai «tieasl anu oa Jo 
tehive ecu-hese hood alt baw @eely Me ot borat 
qinvennos Igsilegaavd on oxsirul armors ati ati 
oily wit eal. dlowale sont aldeween.o? bob 
pooh beletpatikes tou. eer notyiloy att aot Iaax 
od adt eneom wou imarel vod) tod smiled] oda 
boliaezes yolT heel ylaoveed ot to suttuaoig 
<79 Iaunt bie testediry oflt ni neg. @ wali) 16 ean 
cprimnen oth lo. 20104 200hey at eteotel evianet 
hisilepreS ae beviants voids soondy te woll * 
yal) 2nokeo tove oO ton word 2 aoteniar 
oft Fo atnaqy talib ai Blostitews sooligiy hoaslg a 
ori, bere erm ani hot boating ateilt bus tend 
-kiiutbn todouwiy ot snonvios oft 40 avoalid 
telyrontoe “a-at eonmston2 glo ot pods of berat 
vol Walesen «to dat off) weal doe bomvels 
wtigam® gitar Uiw emoiq oflT ~ aldatur an leigeng 
~or how Wo evatotg ody ylovol. baad d woul 
jo biow ofT .eteotot oeeontmti cag) wi hobmvoe ; 
yr ealioner Sarre peer y-s he ph 9 a” 7 
gilvitebnow word anhienos 1 cotlw stoictetinrbe ni - 
wt derwits el patvwaer soanit fe ta 4 wry 
Agere silt oF aatit rult nit aed swedheenttitgioty © 


etanticlastad save wiereMiealt at slqwoy nents sa made vid : 
wi elie {om ow AM sod) hota todd th = 


THE PEASANTRY. OO 


so many executions, inquisitions, and reformations, 
they have still been unable wholly to suppress or 
eradicate the word of God from Bohemia. The 
people séidd contrive, by the above and similar 
means, tc assemble for the purpose of praising God, 
and receiving the holy sacrament from: his servants 
of the true Evangelical faith. 

“‘About six years ago I entered a village near 
Michowitz, where I was acquainted with some good 
and pious men, whom in my childhood I had seen 
at the assemblies in the forests. I was now about 
to visit them, but on entering several dwellings, 
I found none but little children. In some houses, 
I met with a few older boys and girls, and when I 
asked them where their parents were, they replied : 
“In the field,” “at the plough,” “at the mansion,” 
some said, “in the forest.’ Among others was 
a girl of about nine years old, who, on being 
closely asked about her parents, said, also, that 
they were in the forest. But on expressing my 
surprise at both parents being there, she replied, in 
her simplicity : “‘ They receive there the white God.” 
I asked her then, if she had ever been present on 
such an occasion, and she said, “ yes. twice,” and told 
me how delightfully the people sang, and how an 
old father taught them to continue with the true 
God. By such ways and means, does God preserve 
his little church, in many other places, (which ] may 
not betray by naming) notwithstanding oppressions; 
persecutions, and banishments; for the church still 
remains, and is not suppressed.” 

“The more,” continues Holyk, ‘this little rem- 
nant is oppressed, and its enemies and adversities 
multiply, the more firmly is’ it established, and the 

VOL. II. s 


eect ener n Le CAs As AA nme 


7 y 
. wre err eARASe nn 
. apommandter bos ecoitiiapat amoiiwoats yam 
to swiqgue ot ylodw widens aoe Mise overly 
«fT hieodofl ment bod te drew ent staotbie _ 


olin bre svoda silt vd aerhaaea. Wits: siqosq 
: hetepiizien, to szoqiig oct tit oldosass of =20aont : 

aipmrne aid “atott teeroetane viort ot gaivisoot bas’ 

 &£ Pe iid liotlogueyS sow ot Yo 
== “goon ovaliir « here’ Loge amy tia avod A” 


booy osoe altia, bsiatnupos exw 1 oviler xtivroiloiM 
nme iui I inodhlite rot nt-tomly wom andig bas 
tila wor eer fetes onl? ob enlidinoven old 40 
aguitiowh lnwres gaivste seo ted. atted! viet? 08 
eapod natoz ol ~.cosblids oftit tod soon bavot I 
l wodw bees elie bas e7od table Wet» stiw dom I 
chnilqor ror otew etcorng tied otedw cnt odes 
* modecenest orld 0%" thpuoley ol tie * bish oft al” 
saw aialio goomA” “sterot alt ai’ -bise omoa 
enisd co jodw ble sesy odie suede to hig s 
felt yoole .biue etosing tod agode beden yfoeolo - 
por gerieenqen mo dull. test add ai o19% yas 
vi .boilqot ode stadt grisd easy altod ds sebxptia 
"badd otidar add ordi semost yall “> yoilqenie wed 
nd tnowing weed tore bel sda Vi mod) tod boden I 
biot baa "ooiws 97” ,biee sda bret tiee20 un owe _ 
no wo haw egace slqosy oli Hgilob wod om 
aunt oft dita suniiaco ot ods aitgost tadul blo 
ovina bok) 0b encore boa eyew dour x bot) 
zans I doidye) aaoniq radio yam ai slowida olstil etd 
_ahoimauyo yiidastubjvion (oman yo yettod Joa 
{hse Basel. md? 101 ; atronmdeiand Bop ecoituaoerog 
; " beaesrqqua tent et boo ations 
<i sli) gil AyloHl eounliady “arose of T” 
sovierovle ban esintons ett bag Jborenqqo at. 
od) baw ,bodeiiiates 21 ei yloetit arom alt, at 
2 : Nn J0v 


i 


258 INSURRECTIONS OF 


more does it increase in the knowledge and con- 
fession of divine truth. For it is the nature of the 
godly heart, to flourish in persecution, grow in 
carnage, advance in trials, rejoice in contempt, to 
be cheerful in tears, and to increase in troubles. 
It conquers when injured, understands when cor- 
rected, and maintains its ground when it is thought 
to be vanquished.” 

Sometimes the Protestants could celebrate their 
worship in the castles of those noblemen who were 
of the same religion. But as this was prohibited by 
the Emperor, it gave occasion to the persecution and 
punishment of the clergy for disobedience, and to 
accusations against them of instigating the people to 
resistauce—which, according to the Popish view of 
the matter, they actually did, whenever they ex- 
horted their hearers to evangelical stedfastness. 

The question will, no doubt, present itself to 
every reader, whether the anti-reformers did not 
sometimes incur the danger of being overpowered, 
in thus dealing with a numerous people, and whether 
occasional revolts did not actuallv take place! We 
may refer for an answer to this question to what 
has been already stated on the subject in the course 
of this work ; and also to Rucizka,* who states that, 
“Tn several parts of Bohemia the peasants made 
murderous insurrections, the authors of which were 
considered to be the Protestant clergy. Castles 
were destroyed, cloisters stormed, Jesuits murdered, 
until the superior military force of the Government 
at last succeeded in establishing a temporary peace.”’ 
The greatest disturbances seem to have taken place 


* In his Memoir, on the Jubilee of the Prague chapel, p. 31, 
1841. 


i 
4 
7 
4 
i 


70 evxorroandvevt | 
me * 


-poo bint agkskeord elt ah moron ae 


ad! te-onetar ads at ai 10T — alired paivlh: tom ; 
at mere moins ph. sleizwol of { ylbog. . a 
od _ Seperate Ai oniogi wlaint ob oomerbe gore .- 7 


seaidont oi ssnvtocl ot bas. ete a iiflroodo.od 
on gee ehostembeu ,bernged monk rsupnos dh 
¢ tiggoilt 213) nlw bouorg ett aaianeiour bie ,bopson 
—— " badleiapray od of 
dinky sierdelso blyoe stanestor) oft gooniteno® 
anon ole aomaldon sed? lo aliens edt ai qiderow 
4 bntidilovg.anz ends <a2ntl. woigiley ante ot to 
Die nolyroveixy silt of noiesone vag dh votoqetd o 
= or bes opasihodosih 16 yrvlo oalt lo suoradeiang 
ot olqesu ott patteyiven jo ovadt daniage anolteeyogn., 7 
“To worr daiqotl odt ot palinooos divide —socatetegt 
~e yout agsaadé bib yllowion gov) xortaas gdd-~ 
ontam ete [noiRmanm ot emaod glad? hotrod 
o} Yaa ime adoob om lin noteanp ofT 
wot bib eesmmolat-lina os ~todiod@e jeheot yore 
iwrveqiae gniol to tepesh silt tueat spusisearoa ~ 
ruiltulw bas elgood somaue-esdiiw goitnob salt wt 
ot \ aonlg ogat vilouwtos toa bib atlever lenuiansoo 
inlw of Gulwowp <lt oF wens teow) whet yer 
wtnes oft ot Iopidve ait co betas yhewle asad end. 
doit cote ody “yadsinudlot cela Lara pal ait do - 
obanr atanenoq oft wimoiloll to ating darovos al”. 
view dottw to godjuc ort enoltgomuenianoinuat.  — a 
gautestord edt sd of borbianc 
bauriwie 2olviols ,begotteeh ow 
autt Yo oerot yreriliot voltage ods Lissa 
aoney vrntoque # poitliidatas ot bobygassun deal te 
conte quker ovedt Oppose sponed intl: Meterrg-adT 
NE qpdaqads sagiadi Ye wolidul wil wo sslaiieth atta # O)= 7 


- s Ore Pee @i'% 


THE PEASANTRY. I59 
in 1627, in the district of Kaurzim. Of this district 
Pelzel reports: ‘“ Here arose a great insurrection;* 
which might have produced serious conserjuences, 
had it not been speedily suppressed. The peasants 
of that district, exasperated by religions restraint, 
and the expulsion of their preachers, assembled, 
several thousands in number, and invaded the town 
of Kaurzim, at a time when a fair was about to be 
held there. They immediately stormed and plun- 
dered the house of the Catholie priest; and the 
dwellings of the citizens shared the same fate; those 
who resisted, were murdered. They then marched 
into the district of Konigingratz, took possession of 
the castles, as was formerly done by the Taborites, 
and killed several noblemen with their whole 
families. At last some regular troops were sent 
against them from Prague, and they were dispersed. 
All those of them whom they could apprehend. were 
most severely punished, some were broken on the 
wheel, others were hanged or beheaded, most of 
them were deprived of their ears and noses, and 
several were branded on the forehead. And thus 
the people lost all desire for further insurrections. 
From this \.e see, that the anti-reformers had their 
hardships, and were exposed to great danger, for in 
many places, the whole population was against them. 
They were, therefore, often obliged to fix their head- 
quarters in the strongest citadels, as Krawarsky did at 
Birglitz. This name reminds us also of the knight 
Rziczan, who after he had been deprived of his entire 
property, by the machinations of his enemies, raised 
the standard of revolt, and assembled a force of 


* Their flag had this inscription : ‘ As for soul and estate, so 
also for body and life. God grant us strength.” 


e 2 


Perea we tren ee 


Mids eesfl tus Site us eekewes 105k BEL 


? 

une VHvbeAat Get. 
riertiiteehd WO rvieret A Yo rately si 
“qetevnue teorg at ote oO Yo set 
arenes evortsa baarhor over tulgint thoide : 
ett oT sbsseongee vitbompe nized tom it bed f 
sitet) evobuilor vd botetudeate aotuetb tnilt Yo 
doldanten vitae tind? To gofloges oft bee 
not gis bobarsi dete podenen af ebaneuorlt ferwyse 

a= oo wode ecw Tht 6 nodn ontie'y de mica Yo 
ly ven beovtode ylotaifomett yodT  cotadt blosd 
ott bre peeing ollodlin ade Yo oewoil ody betyb 
wos pond some lt berarle ateanio ol) Yo egaillowh 
vulemuse ace yell eetulrtvat sive Jeeteteot ow 
la nebeseeoy Jloot yxtitgaimian A Jo taistelh ot ons 
satodel ails. cd nol yhamael ert an estan ould : 
wlalw sist oltivn. oomoldon levpese boll has 
hime eer aqyooy telus donc teal 9A pilin 

ners cenogalt bas oinuert melt molt teaisge 


eu bosslerqe binos youd srodive timals Yo weds ILA 
al on exter aren sure shachotaery yleiovse teom ” 
jo mort cinlewded 1 beered vow erulte bode 
brn aeeon ben ame tier to beepipeh wow mad? 
adt bok , mule ott oo bolietd ers Tetovae 

 atroftoorment tot 46h tied He teal ofqosq ods 
viods hued sours oft tole orev etait nor ” 
at aol segenhb deere of hosaqxe sew fave aqilétrratl 
atersenigge tow wohtulmoy stodw ait asoulg {anar 
-heod tinds wi or boy|ido noite rete ewyodT  ~ - 
te bil ydeeenat A 20 lobortis terguente ott 
tipind ‘gilt Yo vale eo ebsicert onan ell 
atime ei! Ye harrinqeh cent bal od aaiie odtw janssis SL 
barint »eietany eid to enoitanidontr oily qd yrraqony 
Yo cord # boldemee ban shoves Yo Sabine ol : 
uw odntes how fewer nA” : doidqirowal edt lal gal tind * 7 

“ipneve au tory be oil bow 
vba . | 


260 PERSECUTION OF THE 


several thousand men. He designed to storm the 
fortress of Burglitz. This is a very ancient castle, 
rebuilt in 1110, and is situated deep in the forest on 
the river Mies, celebrated for having been the place 
of confinement of men of hieh rank, and (since 1621) 

several noblemen of Bohemia, were now imprisoned 
init. But Rziczan was repulsed with great loss, 
and his soldiers, the peasants, were dispersed. They 
apprehended, at the same time a revolt in Prague; 
all the weapons were, therefore, taken from the 
citizens, and the merchants were prohibited, under 
severe penalties, from selling gunpowder. But to 
appease the people in some degree, the Emperor 
suppressed the court of inquisition, which had been 
appointed, and thus, as it were, announced a general 
amnesty. We know that in Silesia also, the 
peasants and citizens resisted the anti-reformation, 
and forcibly endeavoured to hinder the seizure of 
the churches. 

Almost contemporary with these events, were the 
sufferings of the Protestants in the Alps, and 
the reader will, no doubt, be interested by a 
sketch of the latter, taken from a speech of 
Comenius, who derived his information trom 
living witnesses. ‘When the Albigenses and 
Waldenses were pronounced to be heretics, and were 
persecuted with fire and sword, they were forced to 
fly into the alpine mountains, and to fix their habi- 
tations in inaccessible places, where they remained 
during six centuries. Afterwards they put them- 
selves under the protection of the Dukes of Savoy, 
and obtained, by degrees, several privileges, until 
1620, when the young duke, Victor Amadeus, being 
urged to commence a persecution, deprived them of 


were: 


vet ee 


asad Beiec meee es Lua Ss 


aL Inet iid ado li AA od ern im soa nas EA esse hom be 
Pee Bebe Ck Revs seitimtad ut ws a MAIL is A a I am nl 


oilt write ot Dorgieb all ATS papeivodls —— 
ilieey deoiean sear ret aif T _xsiigeiet to severe 
eo tettal ook? axl aoa Sostania. a tum FEL of ttre 


wnake ould aood rived 10? bonesdaloy. oi. vovin ot . - 
Hasek sons) bite. pleas digiil to dant lo susneailuye to 


bermoken pik Woe oN binslodl to moumidon lovee 
ed denny dite hoglucyes anv soso of Jini 
aseett  -bernqeib wow sadam] oils aenbloa eid Gav : 
somrgasL oi alovat a cant enim ont 6 babandengge 
wit «nut nedet widtsrodt ow enoqaew odd, Ie 
ban tetididory sre xtaatownr ocd Lim jusositio 
of il .tabrwogmry gaillxe aot aitlomeg s19se | 
toma. os). gergob sitios ai alyony walt vessqqe 
od had doiste ,nobieiapat jo Juteo gill baeennqque ; 
lernop » hoonuonas oxen ties dt bag botsioggs 
edt vale aes oi toda wood. aw. -yteommly 
rounmudln-itee of} boyieot sautttia ban stanesg 
to oration ott sobnid ot bomovesboe yldierct bas 

i enlonide oft 
_ atl sew eteove aeodt live x sroqamannes wonlA 
liw aglA edt ai. etantagtorl ote Yo egaitiiue 
« td boteoaal od Adaob hee ae tebeot odd 
‘to dossae a otott oodar , gilt lo 4 a 
‘ot! solemn el baviwehodw. ewinoaed 
lune aatogidh A ail! aol eemeaiia gaivil, ; . 
vin haagoiternk sd ot byonnonary sow esenable | 
ot hyort snow yalt rove bre Isiw botuoswaq, 
-idek tigi) xi ot baw ,enista is oft odat yR 
Lomsinnret godt greta eoonlq ni enol 
-inld suey yo ebanwioilA zie gain 
rosé lo eedy@l edi Yo woltsatong 96 bhuw ray 
Finny aomaliving dimwvoe eoucgoh qa ghowiado haw 
pelod avohannh tet! dub grove alt anlw , 


lo wiod) baviepsb qieisuaserad 6 somuuninos of beegey. 


ALBIGENSES AND WALDENSES. 261 


several valleys, and sorely oppressed them.* Tle 
also sent some monks amone them, who compelled 
them to attend mass, and tormented them in various 
other ways. They endured all with patience, hoping 
for the intercession of the neighbouring and remoter 
princes. But with all their humility and modera- 
tion, they obtained nothing. At length they were 
informed, in the name of the Duke, by Andreas 
Gastaldo, the commissioner of the inquisition, on 
the 25th of January, 1655, that they must all, 
young and old, change their religion within twenty 
days, or quit the country within three days after, 
under forfeiture of their lives. Their request for a 
- delay, until they could send a petition to the Duke, 
was absolutely refused. Those, therefore, who were 
more wise or timid than the others, endeavoured: to 
escape with their families, in the severest frost, and 
through the deepest snow, to hide themselves in 
the mountains, or cayerns, and, if possible, by 
crossing the Alps, to proceed into France. Several 
hundred families thus left their native place, of whom 
the greater part perished by cold and hunger. The 
others, while supplicating for mercy, were visited 
by nine regiments of soldiers, who massacred every 
individual they could seize. It is true that the 
people had assembled in the narrow passes, where 
access could not be gained to them, but the com- 
mander of the troops, the Marquess Pianezza, 
promised them, upon oath, that he only wished 
0 place three regiments with them for winter- 
juarters, and that, in the mean time, they might 
yetition the Duke on the subject of their religion. 


* They are even suffering now, (1845), by the laws of the 
Sardinian king, who is governed by the Popish priests. 


foe co 


ed 


sss 


ie PAEMIGAAT CHA SASMTOUELA ohh. 

At” *groitt bovesrqqe lero hia 24: lerevo2 - 
Vrerllenyerten oily aro? geome adroit Brad f oaks 
euetine if molt belunrtot here cont bolts of mails | 
palo oie ditty tis bombo yodT psu tole : 
raloveror bad gatiyodigion gt fo mobeeratat ont wl 
serobuns fein gti liars stad Moe atte ini song . 


eee yal dignol tA panier hmaintdo atkd soit 


aint ed ade oft Yo. gain avt, ni ,hanrlat | 

oo ,foni«npat od? ‘to weeoteimatos od? ,oblatent) 
iin tener yor) tg) Geol pommel Yo diee old 

quest alility eotgilert tint vgumle blo baa gavoz 

atts exh soidt nidtiv: ytining silt tap t0 ah 

a id) iesupet tis  .aovil tists to arisiabwed tabaat 

edu «uly of goititog a bees fhwwy vars titan talol 7 
waar ow yrotvieds oxodT boadien yfowloulesaw 

ot tetuetesbesersito od? sant) binaia To ahtw sod 

bas tari feroves aft al eatityndt ties sitw sqeo0 

mi zavisanvatts shind of wore texq~veb alt stguscnls 

vd aldiewm, Yi bus erierap WO eniatauont ssl - 
imers4  .soant’l otnt hosoog oF eqlé oil. guizeors 

avody to ,soulg ovigen tind) # eoitiust baubaud 

otf >and baa bloo vd qo heq THtewrs ot 

baneie snow vsrem tot qaitaallggue oliitw erodto 

give byroseanst ode aeraihtos To Sucourtgot gain ed ~ 
nild. 9809, orrct 121 __.oxio Solna, qodlt laubevibat 


oxsoune ceouprinlh ont eqoant 9 to 1 
badeim ylte od tad} liao sttraeft * 
rote avails tive tear ood? 9 


sigitat godt omit ruvger oct a til ban arora 
srratyllort sda, 0 topjdas off oo ailt moititer 


ad) Yo awal alt oy (28!) woo gaiullue tied om yd? © 
ee ee eco cuneate 


te 
; 
: 
ae a 


262 PERSECUTION OF THE 


The simple-hearted, unsuspecting people believed 
this story, and allowed the troops to ascend throuch 
the passes, of which they immediately took posses- 
sion, and the rest of the army followed. The people 
then experienced those horrible cruelties, which, as 
says the historian, can neither be described by the 
pen, nor related with the tongue. For the soldiers 
stabbed, and cut down every one thev found, and 
set fire to the churches. About 6000 people lost 
their lives on that single day. Those who could 
escape, took refuge on the high rocks, or in the 
caverns. But even here they were pursued on the 
following morning, while the air resounded with 
the cries and moanings of the dying. Lere parents 
lost their children, husbands their wives; even 
infants were torn from the mothers’ bosoms and 
murdered. Some, to escape from their barbarous 
enemies, threw themselves from the steep rocks; 
others perished in the snow, or were starved to 
death. Those who were overtaken, were bound, 
(the head between the legs) and then hurled from 
precipices. But the priests and monks, in the 
meantime, were busily employed in burning those 
churches and schools, which had not been wholly de- 
stroyed on the day before. In the village of Taillart, 
which stands on a high mountain, the enemies got 
about 150 women and children into their power, and 
after subjecting them to various abominations, they 
cut off all their heads. Two soldiers seized a child, 
each by a leg, and rent it in two, and then threw 
the pieces at each other’s heads. Some they hanged 
by their legs, others they nailed to the trees with 
out-spread arms, and left them there to die. Having 
seized a man with his wife and ten children, they 


UC 19 MONT VDSAMET gn 08 

lvvrotlod alyeuy Wuitooqauent , 
ume firs oy aqooet galt havolle tw yyrone alld, o> 

| ~eprieuy Bony ylorqibeessnt gnalt doit te omng ott ‘\s* 


shqnag iT deenentoal eorm oi \o taor oft hows rote - 
ee: hie esvilorim afdterodl ayant t beonsriage4 noilt 

wiht ¢é ladimest od radian ano amisotend off) yma 

eevitilow. -ottz01 sirgaos nd dat beralan tom qtrne 


aff Tiel yok! 900 eters owob tye bam beddate 
pol olny Gow) juodA soclyunie edt ot ott Joe 
hilies ete moll .zeb lpaie auls go, eoyil tisds 
oly vi 10 aloo dil ila ato gyri dows Pe 
ofl we haveeg stow yoru ero nove tee aeterreo 
Hite bubavess tin otlt olidw oot gattvollal 
| edits — oisli coniyb wilt lo exainnom hee esis odt 
mw eivin abd ehosdeadt yworhlida atedt taol << 
bet eee “wretient oil mort atah “ae esauibet 
evonmlind Tilt anetl sqad=s of ato herybran 
| teapot qaote silt mrott aavlveroilt welt eosin 
pi foie Gee ww avons offt oi fonahatiog emi 
oe DH sielaraye exw) odw oaolT sdenebe =’ 
oil Lobwel wolt hen Cgeol off pomted haodd onl) 
oft at sdxonre ban etesiup silt Mull adpiqiveg 
mnl? y iutarared i by a A a) viierut. orag oun Leese 
oh Wale rood tor dus! sony gloordoe beta zodetnl 
s1lliel Yo syatiiy ot al jetoted yabeoate woheyottea | 
‘ey sotrcens silt aidicuom duul ps no ebiete aloitiw ; 
bus ywoq siedtotni aethlide lata coinam OOL a cman 
‘yarkd airy’ ‘orirrode auolisy 03 aruly vatin” 
med 1 has tow eribloa owT . 2bnod Hae iy 
wife!) bas owt ni 37 sa07 ban pole yon 
bee ral wntO® Abie! "torso dong. de esemmiay ald 
tim eno alt oy badinw. yout exoiiso, ayal aisle” we 
pial oltiat oad) ages ol tee O1ge-3 
voit srothtidy aad Incr tin aid diw | 


ALBIGENSES AND WALDENSES. 263 


first struck off the heads of the children, and plaved 
with them as at bowls, before the eyes of the 
parents, whom they afterwards beheaded. Even 
Simon Pierre, from Angrona, a man who was 100 
years old, and his wife aged 95, found no mercy at 
their hands. Many they burned in their houses, 
driving stakes through the hearts of some, drawing 
out the entrails of others; from several they cut off 
the breasts and genitals; opened the stomachs of 
others, filled them with salt and gunpowder, and 
then threw them into the fire. It is even stated 
that they roasted and ate the hearts of some.” 

The writer of this report, says: “* My eyes are 
- overflowing with tears, and I can no further deseribe 
those inhuman cruelties.” But he adds, ‘‘ Some 
were taken alive, and led to the Marquess; among 
others, a peasant, who, on being asked whether 
he would rather go to mass, or to the gallows, 
made choice of the latter. Another, Paul Clemens, 
one of the church-elders, being on the ladder, 
ready to be hanged, the priest still urged him to recant, 
saying, that he had yet time to change his mind, but 
he replied: ‘ Tell the executioner to do as he has 
beep ordered ;” then he turned himself to God, and 
prayed with a loud voice for the forgiveness of his 
murderers,—and thus ended his lite. 

In comparison with these, the Protestants of 
Bohemia, seem to have been treated with mildness. 
They had also numerous tellow sutterers in Silesia. 
In the already mentioned work of Ehrhard, we have 
many details of those times of terror, to which 
we afterwards allude. For the present, we shall 
only give a passage relative to the treatment of the 
eommon people. “The Governor of Oppersdort, 


RYenrer sat | Sear ares 


ee dl a ed Tibet ed RK UAE AB Ae Lh 


raft isdanlod ehinn rath ; pee 7 
OOT env onw hist 3 sno. amon. rast 
thzyrsch ow bined ,6 hq atiw sie baw blo easy 


v “goigsab mee lo ataod ot tay date grivind 
== “To no voit feroyse snot) perulte to alert ody dno 
Yo «dame, iff banega (alathiap huw etenord ill 


eotate aso 2t al cot only, eteth arcade wronds ood 
“.eitge To etraod elt ote bet bypeoon guilt sols 

tie 79 GM -ayne trogen elt Io athe oT 

aditsxoh sedi ou es Dhan. serigt Adi yaiweltrero : 

enol abbeed andl “esinheart® ecru: geoult 

grou ;zpptaly, od or bol baw ovila moder ore 

toiltody eden gutta! uo ody ytamenog 2 ateidto 

suvilee silt of 1 zeman ot-ey wah bluew od 

easel load vodiott .1etal ans to sdtedo obsur 7 
bs albal alt ao yaied . -roldaieouds oft to ono 

Moron ld bagas [is Ving alle bowtie od or ghost 

tud bai aid oprwdo of minid twy beelo:t tart pgaivee 

aul ail sn ob ot wooltioows ods tel + = botlyst od 

uve dot) oF Muensid bomen ol ede” heaobrio oad ‘ 

ad Vo seonmovigie! ar aP anachr creda fovent 

Ail gil bobo 


wo at motive wollst enowmnn ole bad yl 
redo bytael to dio lonoitawm ybeosis oft al 
. ail yo torte 19 eeenit am Yor aliagil germ 
Nile ow Aueseoy old apt iipelandenegaiiar el ow 

ad? to. jaamawid ail) oF ov t 
Acobery QO te var e0) wll 


264 SUFFERINGS IN SILESIA. 


proceeding with violence, expelled the Evangelical 
minister, and appointed a Catholic priest in his 
place. And because the peasants, who were poor 
and simple-minded people, could not be induced to 
embrace the Popish religion, they were placed in 
the stocks and prisons, where they suffered grie- 
vously by torture and hunger. They remained in 
prison for more than half a year, and some even 
forfeited their lives. But they continued steadfast 
to the end in their religion.” 


a rn 


Faollopasre dh salt bollagas.. somaloie div ge 
“id mi doh ofloeD « bersionge haa iste 


rong ow odw sheen oda, paver 
o} bomubai nt som ps ae 

ni haontt otaw yselt. atl som: 
cybty ievvitiwe yor oageber i ana bao & 


~~ @ 
, 
~ - = 
S - _ i @e 
ie ~ 
* 
4 4 2 4 
v _ _ 7 
_ ' > otk) = Cine 
has a) @ vw a ~~ a 
=_ = 
oy me tee Cape i al Tie! 
as lle - 7 ee & 
; ee | wel 
- tM -Tenntie alt GE 
l, <a ee a 
ow a =G vet ~ 
SR, ( SS eS ro: Oia *, 


= ae a Magy a oy 


GHA PTERAVILE 


KANISHMENTS FROM BOHEMIA—-CONSEQUENCES OF 
THE ANTI-REFORMATION —THE EMIGRATIONS WHICH 
AFTERWARDS TOOK PLACE — RETURN OF THE 
CLERGYMEN WITH THE SAXON ARMY— AGAIN 
DRIVEN OUT BY WALLENSTEIN— INVASION OF THE 
SWEDES —RENEWED PERSECUTIONS. 


Havine described the proceedings in Bohemia, 
from the accession of Ferdinand II., we now come 


to the main point, namely banishment, expulsion, 
‘and emigration. Here we have two things to 


consider, the removal of the non-catholics from 


Bohemia, and their subsequent condition in exile. 


But the description of these two circumstances, will 
be divided and interrupted, because we shall have to 
speak of the short return after the victory of the 
Swedes, of the loss sustained by Bohemia through 
the great emigration, and of the lengthened struggle 
which had yet to be continued with Protestantism 


even after 1627. 


The fixed resolution of the Emperor was, that all 
his subjects should be of one faith with himself; 
even as the king of France in 1685, would tole- 
rate no other religion than his own. But as there 
were so many who refused to embrace Popery, 
there was of course no other means, (unless 
they should all be killed) than to banish them from 
the country. For the rulers saw, that by capital 
punishment the number of victims would be too 
large, and that executions would not only fail 
in producing the desired intimidation, but even 
serve as a recommendation to Protestantism, since 
the martyr’s firm endurance of death, must tend to 


Na LA ae i ale denM i ht ahem t 


lV 


eo! 
ary ARE 
40 2T9MaIpTAMOO—AMmaHON MORT Peers 

MMW AMOITAROTICS 2UT—WOMTAICNOINA-TTHA SIT 

ait 70 KAUTSS — SDAMe ROOT SaMAWHATIA 

Kikb—YURL MOLAR BET ETI waleTOMAID 

_ “GET 10 KOTAAvKi—vItTewa AW Va TUCO Maviag 

aKoIrunsenad Gawamsn—ezaawe | 


seimadott ai epaibssootq edt hedtsesh oxnrvall 
eiroo wor ow ,.1I banniiesd lo molemoos odt mon | 
. omleges Jromideined ylomen Jaloq sisat sit ot 
: at egeidt owt oval ow sil .aoitergime bas 
miot! esiledtas-tion alt to javounyt alt jsabienos 7 
olfzs ai nvifiboos ‘reupsedae viet bas simedod 
Hive eotnmtenrucnis owt seotlt Yo moitqitezsb ods 1041 
ot svar Iisils ow stuecod .betqiesstal baa bebivib od 
stit Jo ytotoiy ot site mete Mode odt to desga 
dguoult simedod yd benistane sol odt to shows : 
sizgotte beumdtynal sft to bas ,woitergint isetg silt 
meiineressott diiw boiitiies sd ot tay bad doidw 
JOM t3fte nr 
My dads anv Torgmd sadt to aeitulosst boxitedT 
‘Hoamid diiw dvi sao to 9d tluods essojdua eid ~ = 
-olot blow .288f ni soneTl to quid odlt an 99 - 
ord eo dudl wv eid ‘nnd polgiler todto on ote. “a 
: etaqet socidis of hoster odw ynent oa sow = 
| aeinw) .emtomt todio om oatwox Yo aay otedd 7 
moi arilt aleiand of. nit (bollid od He blyods yor? 7 


Istiqno yh tot .woe mili alt col Senden 
’ oo sd Muu nmuisiy to tdatom odt-4 
* ist ylao ton bivow snoitrosee ted? bos 
aove md ,cotebimitai bytizols vals guioubory ie 
' cot saitantestonl of soiebgomuoss1 2 achapers 


ae 7 
ot baot tame dliob to outer hus urd 24a onlt Ms, 


266 BANISHMENTS 


persuade the spectators that Protestantism was of such 
anatureas to conquer all fear of death. Ferdinand 
was moreover professedly averse to cruclties, merely 
proposing instruction, and insisting on obedience. 
It is also known, that the urgent intercessions of the 
Saxon Elector, made a great Impression upon him, 
though he considered any yielding to them as against 
his vows. The Bishop Carafta of Vienna, confesses 
that the whole imperial court was in great commo- 
tion, as often as the Elector’s complaints on the 
expulsion of the Protestants, were heard at Vienna ; 
that the Emperor himself was frequently very 
thoughtful, and in great doubt, that he sometimes 
trembled from fear, and was almost inclined to revoke 
his edicts. But it was this very Caraffa, and the 
confessor Lamormain, that constantly urged the 
Emperor to keep his vows, and remain firm to his 
bigoted views of religion. They really considered 
banishment an act of mercy too indulgent to the 
non-catholics; craftily declaring, not that they must 
leave, but that they might do so, and adopting every 
means to prevent them. 

The Jesuits looked upon it as an act of great in- 
dulgence. While the first wish of some was, to gain 
the Protestants to the Papal church, others desired 
the establishment of the inquisition with all its 
horrors, especially the burning of heretics. — In 
comparison with that, banishment, as a permission, 
certainly was a benefit.* But the Protestants who 

* Hence the expression, ‘ emigrationis privilegium,” to which 
the exiles added the word: “ miserabile.’ In France it 1s 2 
fact that the Huguenots were not permitted (in 1685) to leave the 
country. Whoever fled and was apprehended, was sent to the 
galleys. his was the lot of several respectable citizens of 
Rochelle, who were on their way to England. In Bohemia also, 
at a later period emigration was prohibited. 


oe Bi dans, 


erwuunenernne , » BS 


slouneo exe seeattecaestereT aint molnioage 
hanniial alingh ‘to wails ciple 6 ae orotod 
glare 2oitlonss of serene tib 4 soaoTOMT esw a 
aoe ly wlo 0 gnitzient frre ' stent 
off to eeolaarorrat tergter oct tal! Pace pee a 
tril nogn itoiernyynt tevng # ohbme wohelT nora 
ruleset of atthilory vie hotobinnes od dguoila 
eiuioo on Yo Mien) qo fT ewov aid 
semttinos 2mrrg ti ewer Sonu Tattoqsitl olordw set dant 
oii wy *taliwiqeiem etotseld. olf ex naflo an ,noit 
jaunt’? te boned wre etrotester dod te ndielagzs 
qe theenpott aw Aneurid verge orl dads 
exiiitones odteds ~uol seorg oi hie Tefhtdguosit - 
adore o} honiloriteomla ten bas cet mot holder 
ot bon dew yore) aew set aisibo sid ~ 
ot beuynr ylteeteroo salt ,cieurtowtel tomes 
chil of ovr eines baw ewov sid quad ot tesoquenll 
bywhiedes yilesr yall — .nofpilor townie betogid 
mitt ot taepinkni ont worse “te tom ae deroandainad 
sant vod? duel Jor spatasloob ylifiers \ avilodsno-non © 
(Hs aeitpe haem 0c oly pie ysnke dnels tet joveal ~ 
tuk tesvany of aigonte 
«tt tore Io ae re an tt sings bodeol aligest ofT 
itive oF 20rw nee Torbrn teribalralid coughed 
betie! edie slrunio inqed st of etemetorL ode 
+t He altiw noiiitivpui oft Yo ennleilder ot 6 
nl evitormt to petiem odt vlninoqas erortmod, — 
Hoizinrdg a an Seoersleinadh tnd fiw moxiten 09 ~ 
oily etnoteitorT oft tell ‘tioned @ ane ylaietios 
side ay “Locangheiny tit fieryints “ olden ee tt domlt Fe | 
eel yt omte'T al “lider ® threw elt tahhn ealize ody 
Gilt ovnok OV CRON af) haminerIg tow ow atonangell rapper 


ull 07 sige aoe jhobedanqyqa sew hina inners 

Ye spots er eo wl wilt ata efit 

erate eharntoll al f zew doit! ain gram obw , 
pr pr ne a , 


» 


\ 
feet oe a ee a 


‘ 


f 
— 


—— 


FROM BOHEMIA. 267 


remained constant were obliged to emigrate, or as the 
expression was: ‘‘ to leave house and home, and 
seize the wandering-staff.’ This was not the object 
desired by their enemies, but rather a return to 
Romanism ; as the latter was refused, they insisted on 
the former, however much they were startled at the 
multitude that desired to leave, and at the loss which 
this would occasion to Bohemia. The persecutors 
thought, that of the two evils they must submit to 
the least. The Protestants were strengthened by 
such passages as these: ‘* Ye took joyfully the spoil- 
ing of your goods, knowing in yourselves that ye 
have in heaven a better and an enduring substance.” 
(Heb. x. 34.) “ For what is a man profited, if he 
gain the whole world, and lose his own soul ?”’ 
(Matth. xvi. 26.) The emigrations occurred chiefly 
between the years 1622 and 1652, consequently 
during the space of a whole generation; but they 
were continued, though in a less degree, beyond 
the seventeenth century. 

We are told by Pelzel, that “ after the court of 
Reformation had received full power, by all possible 
means, to convert the Protestants to the Catholic 
religion, and to clear the whole kingdom of the 
non-catholic sects, about 30,000 families left Bohe- 
mia, without reckoning thei wives, children, and 
domestics; besides merchants, artizans, and trades- 
men, as is testified by the then Chancellor of Bo- 
hemia, the well-known William Slawata. Among 
these were 185 familics, of the nobility and gentry, 
each of which consisted of at least four, some of 
twelve, twenty, and even as many as fifty males. 

Many determined people were soon resolved, and 
ready to leave; others wavered a long time, and 


roule Gite fon aaa ait T “Tipkeegnislaatnar 1 
et mai, @ ‘teltet tod ,zntarees tioilt yd. aL 

no distant -yailt beapien ez penal sult en. 7 meinem 
oiit tt hohirere s1ow ods siamo taverrod xamcsot oct 


Se ty bite veel ot bevtiesl saul sbhutulusa 
serog of TT nkerelell of wotenso9 bloow eids 


ot side rece yout alive ovt oilt Yo sade adguods 
nt boneltgaests ari etcutestorL. od T_ teal oft 
-liogs suit eflnitzo;, deol of  vegeltan eageeeog, dlooe 
ot duit, eoviewoy, oi geivoud wheogmrey to gui 
" yonatedie anitubre ne baw soled « awennl.al onod 
oi Vi butiow. aunt net dode aot”. (be ax oH) 


"§ tok awe ail Deol bos, -bhaw stoider ot sting 


vhoiito hermione «soitwruions aft (08. ivedlsaM) 
ulaenpoenee S001 Das SCL emeg ot. mogwied 
gota aed ; cotmencg slow o to soaqe ot garb 
Inoqoil. soxgoh exph a dpuodt. bamiisaos sow 
+ esiruesa dyastores od 
40. ¢rnep odd colle © josld oslo 2d Mot om a VF 
vidizeoq Hn yd .rewoq Lut-bevisoor der! noitounoto 
oilodia) of) of stometovl sdd Awtnes of nner 
oilt to cowlygnid slody adi seal oF Low smigiln 
-nlokl ftgl esilinnat 000,06 inode ,etova otlorie9-n0n 
baa jrtblide. zoviw tio! enigodget tyoiltine, cher 
eeohert bite amrsity aiaedoion: exblerd ;20itomeb 


off to wilosuntD soit od) yd bofieot el encom 


prot,  aiewell, moilliW awoudelow odt..simod 
cpruggeban ptiliddon oft Jo zoilignsh, 41 anew oeads 
To. p1ayt,..7001 danyl te to. botsienas, dottw. Yostono 
alu A aegonn en nove bee rttews yrtlowd 
bon ,bovioew woog srw slqosq heniarort yal. 


“bas prvi! gaol se femvew rial ¢avaal dt phen 


sews 


i 


¢ 


268 BANISHMENTS 


struggled with themselves and with their relatives. 
This hesitation was however very useful to Protes- 
tantism ; inasmuch as it so much the longer retained 
many champions in its behalf in Bohemia, during 
the indefatigable endeavours of the anti-reformers. — 

How great must have been the struggle, how 
hard to decide whether to remain or to leave; how 
lasting the disquietude! One of the clergymen 
alludes to this subject in the following language :— 

“‘ Many friends, who were such by consanguinity, 
but who proved themselves enemies by their un- 
godly advice, preferring the treasures of this world 
to the heavenly riches, endeavoured to persuade the 
Protestants, who were ready to fly from the country, 
to deny the true faith, and adopt a false religion. 
‘Oh, do not abandon me, was their cry, do not think 
so little of your father-land, do not despise your in- 
heritance, consider your excellent house, look at 
your fruitful fields, and remember your dear chil- 
dren! Give up the thought of leaving the 
country! In exile you have no resting-place, no 
help, no support, and no income. Stay at home, 
therefore, in your father-land, with your friends, 
and enjoy your property ’ = Alas, numbers had to 
endure great sorrows and troubles; though others 
arrived in safety at their places of refuge. But 
many, after ‘seizing the wandering-statt,’ fell ill in 
consequence of night-travels and other hardships, 
and were in continual fear of being detained and 
questioned. For actual emigration, though com- 
manded, was, properly speaking, not designed by 
the Government, hut always much disliked, and beset 
with the greatest difficulties. Thus the exiles 
were in constant dread; aud their sorrows and trials 


sn warn hs tren 


So a 


evvisnhgn -theitt dhater Jone soieloaenbile-itr 
-eiord of liven euenuwaal ine wal sizorl et 
bottintes terol pilt dowre 2 shew dettmenni {meinen 
yor joicradod ab Usulsd ationd enoiqimeds “year 
Ametein-iua stht to srorenbas oidegindabat ot 
weil ologuerte orl) mad ovml teem feory woH 


‘work pazsel or re-riamnes o7 ‘veilte obined of btad 
earn ait to on =! shominperh odd gaitenl 
—tayuitsneal petwolldl oft ai satus atl? of esbolls 
iniegtiaenos vd dovesmen otlw alee qos 
-on siait vd esictone exrisemadd beveny ow aad 
“hhtow sidt to evrnzeort oft qeivdiiony .sivbe yibog - 
silt ebaretag ot botrovmeblas sofiot yinwveod olf 03 - 
erietos od? mot yf ot ybest ster oiler etansestord 
avigilor sebit s adohie Ine ltd omer allt gob 62. 
duit som ob ero tisk ere ar nobamls som ob lO* 
<nb- mere seiqeb-don ob. ,brol-tgutnd snery Yo aDfil on 
18 tool seul doliooxs ino7 bianco eyentived ; 
stilo wel were tadimeserSt buna eisinty efit s0y = 
tt guiveal te tiguodls oft qe oe 1 anh 
on sonlgepiitess cn sved Woy lite al 1 ¢wntiog 
aurod Sawai ~ amonni oa bn sqane om qld 
abasitt wor, iitiw aninnes Tiny si lores 
of Dot emdiraa ani — }-ymaqom nnyrz yore bas 7 
norko clyneds veidoont baw ewenon tasty etubeo 
antl outen Xo asouly tio ta yistee nl bevirm 
si Mi is) inte-grivobnew st yuision® tofte yee 
@ijidebiod adie bow eloverdilyie Yo ‘SBitoNpoeIMOD ‘ 
hita boniatsty geied Yo sa0t fnenitaes ak ero? bon 
——— MORoTL ins favton Ww Awolteoup 
¥d hoagie! tom zanidesye yhoqow aw ,hobanm 
dowd bein bodtlstbel onc scawtesd Spee eth ally 
polics ont al’ nishupittiy seoteny: atk alti 
slain) bas ewonoe tiods Leen taal sunteaosr aloe 


_ 


FROM BOHEMIA. 269 


could only be counterbalanced by a certain inward 
satisfaction and consolation, which they derived from 
the exceeding great and precious promises of the 
word of God. These promises are also beautifully 
expressed in the Brethren’s Hymn-Book, with the 
singing of which, it is well known, the poor exiles 
cheered their tedious pilgrimage, and raised their 
hearts above every danger that surrounded them.” 
The consequences which resulted to Bohemia 
trom the severe punishments of 1621, from the 
expulsion of the Protestants, and from the new 
regulations, were far greater, and more melancholy 
than was expected. Ferdinand desired a restric- 
tion of rights, and a unity of confession; but 
Bohemia lost, thereby, much of her nationality, and 
has never since regained her former flourishing con- 
dition. These results ought to be clearly represented. 
But, that it may not be said, that a Protestant 
author thus speaks of the mistortunes of Bohemia, 
because she expelled the Protestants; we shall 
refrain from giving the opinions of Protestant 
writers, and only cite the words of Romanists 
on the subject. We commence by giving the 
ypinions of the circumspect Pelzel. “ History,” 
he observes, ‘scarcely presents an instance, where 
2 whole nation was so much changed and altered 
n the short space of fifteen years, as was that of 
Bohemia during the reign of Ferdinand IH. In 
1620 all the Bohemians were Protestants, a few of 
he nobility and the monks excepted; at the death 
of Ferdinand they were, externally at least, all 
Satholics. The states-general of Bohemia, up to 
the battle of the White-hill, exercised a power 
almost greater than that which is now possessed by 


ee 


_ 


one AT aHGa MONT 


Ineo mintiea ec hienletimnnmol a4: on blsoa 
wiott levireb coils doidw scoiteloenos bos woltgitettes 
ait Yo mnskenomg evoinaig bas insty guibovexs alt 
vilititiued cals 9x8 esatorowy sealT bo to now 
ott tiv. stool-ameyH #nesleerél oils at boeernqz9 
galing vou ott trond lise «i tt doithw to gaitguia 


7 eal boaiet ban sgentivgliey another ations lietesdo 


“ortectt Hebecortoe sett sepeniy pier ovoda etasd 
eimatiol of batlnes sloittw esotenpsecco oT 
mult met (204 te stosreleimmg orowse ont stout 
won or! avovt lope 2tasigotor wilt lo noieluqze 
vicdsuslem siom bos forme ey Ta Wer ennijaloget 
-ottest a betiesb basrilra]  betooquo enw ooilt 
jah ¢itokestivos to gins a fmm ,thdgit to mois 
bon riilsnotian wd to dopa adem: tol aiarsiloll 
-soo geidermok yearot tad hoaiieger o9aie tavern esd 
dwtimeriqet haste od 02 tlgio.gihten: wodT. .colith 
tootedor'l = tes bie od tem ye se tod? Jofl 
sietedoll Yo esnurotrim odt TW edaoye eudt soddiyes 
iinde sw ; atepiestoT silt bolieqzs ode oausoed 
fusion to enoini(é od? patrig moi sisi 
etetuaoH te shiow of? die vlao bas ,erotitw 
ol? gnivig vl sosomtio 2  dvojtwe ond oo 
“serail” tosloT soxpeastatio. oilt Yo) anoisigc 
only jwonsied! ae easetg qlee” aoytoedo od 
Loistia ban bogcelo dova ea tow sited olodw ¢ 
jo told ann +8 x97 moat to songs trode ods o 
a AL bannilvwd io umpion aul ‘yoisub sisnododl 
jo wal » aiaciexiond stow aanimpdotl oft a OG! 
-slivob off a9: letysoz9 2daoue ods baaogilidon od. 
lin deol te. vlunsize mow volt bunaibrol k 
et qu demdutl to Jarornyg-entate of TD verilodiay 
asnoy # ‘hoviotsxa Mlit-oid Wadd do olttad orl 
<d boseseeog wor <i ilvidin tnd’ aad aiteorg teomla 


- 


iis 


i 


270 CONSEQUENCES OF 


the houses of Parliament in England; they framed 
laws, formed alliances with their neighbours, fixed 
rates, and taxes, raised men ot merit to the rank of 
nobility, maintained their own troops, elected their 
kings, or were, at least, asked and solicited for their 
consent, whenever the father desired his son as his 
successor, as we have seen in the examples of W la- 
dislaw, Ferdinand 1.,&c. The whole of these privi- 
leges were forced from them in this short space of 
time. Until this period the Bohemians came to 
the field as an independent and free nation, and 
frequently acquired great glory. Now they were 
mixed with other nations, and their name re- 
sounded no longer in the shock of battle. Hitherto 
the Bohemians, when joined, were bold, undaunted, 
ambitious, and enterprising; but now they have lost 
all courage, national pride, and the spirit of enter- 
prise. They fled like sheep before the Swedes, 
into the forests, or suffered themselves to be trodden 
under foot. Their bravery at that time was buried 
on the “ White-hill.” Individual Bohemians are 
still possessed of bravery, martial fire and ambition ; 
but, mixed with other nations, they resemble the 
waters of the Moldau when joined to those of the 
Elbe. Both together bear vessels, rise beyond thie 
shores, flow to a great distance, inundate fields 
and pastures, and remove rocks and mountains; 
but still it is always said, ‘ The Elbe did this,” and 
the Moldau is never thought of. The Bohemian 
language, which had been introduced into all the 
courts of justice, and which had also been the pride 
of the nobility, now became despised. The people 
of rank now spoke the German, and the citizens 
had also to learn it, because the monks preached in 


Pes decades Senbiees wine 


Site aan wens hie 


10 exouaupeanoo. — ONE 
houneit quale jbawlend of tnoimalisTAqvestvod oxlt’, 
lov wrmldyies vied) dn esodnille demnot eval oo 
to dieeet alt ot diteee te none beeiey «onet bas ester 
tiwlt fete eqoott awo sist femionine ysiidom 
Til WL byivilos bie jeden teagh ta tow to egaid 
esl ze stoe atl Lotizah wiltdt alt wevomubw trsanoe 
“il! te ealqicece oul) ath aese oemil ov em cosasooue 

axe oni to slodw adT 292.4 bacdihwl .welaib 
Ww souqa tigile eidd at amols (ood leew) or w exgal: 
mt ote soaked olt bomeq salt Line - omit 
lin ,1oied cot ae tushusyehey ae ep Dien sdf 
mw yolt wor wmola srstg beiipos glincupett 
oF amen ted: bas ,zo0ten sifio alte baziare , 
wrist  .oliiad te. dood: oils et coqurel em debra 
detasebou .blodl serv sbonio, coly #onkerloll ods. 
té0l Stat yal won tid jpiisinyettae dae euoitidars 
“tne 1 thiqe olt barbie ince eerie Hs 
soho. wt owied qvele odil bel yadT osing 
nobhort. ol of eeviseniit bewshue ro elerw silt obai 
bord enw sent Jedt se yusvatd tie E tool whan: 
vty acnimmiot) lewhivibal. “tid-witW* ode ae 
7 nO base eth Saito erreverd to haseoseccy Hite 
a oblate yi? znoilinn tlio dw boxinr sad | 
11 Yo oeedt. of Innio, aadw uabloi wilt te «ote . 
wilt buoyed amet jaloezer wasd rethegordiwil od 
«hloit otehwi jorweib teorp « ot woll erode 
seuimimour bas edvot svomen dite geniteng bine 9) + 
hits ah) bDipodlS oll * bine venvla si di Uitetud 
nciiloll oT —o-tiguadl) ovoesbarablolt sdf | 
wt Tk oti boonheusi rod bet dyalw argengnel - 
obiny oil, rw dala: boil doidwy bun sotteuy Io amma ©” 
Hyoog alT — bieiquyk orsood won yyiililint ody You 
cmsisio. ot baa merst) sit sdoqe wor daut Vl 
Tt hodvecig eduous oil) supacod ti weed of oelddbad 1 


THE ANTI-REFORMATION. 5 


it; and in towns the people began to be ashamed 
of their native tongue. It was only propagated hy 
the peasant, and therefore was called the farmer’s 
language.’* 

* As high as the Bohemians had risen in arts 
and sciences under the government of Maximilian 
and Rudolph, just so low they now sunk down. 
I know of no learned man in Bohemia ‘continues 
Pelzel) who distinguished himself atter the expul- 
sion of the Protestants. The Caroline University, 
in the hands of the Jesuits, became, as it were, 
abolished. By command of the Pope they stopped 
all further promotions; so that during the whole 
of this time no one could receive academical 
honours.” 

Some of the expelled clergy were extremely 
useful, scientific, and learned men. They could 
not be replaced by their successors, as we have 
already shewn. Pessina, in his work on Prague 
cathedral, also contesses, that nothing worse or 
more melancholy could have happened to Bohemia ; 
for the country lost the former renown of her 
people, and also the last traces of her very ancicnt 
liberty, and both, indeed, as if by one stroke ! 

The country not only lost her enlightened no- 
bility, not only the flower of her literary men, but 
like France (when the edict of Nantes was revoked 


* Schaffarik, Jungmann, Hanka, and other brave men of 
modern times, endeavour to bring this language into vogue 
again. Ferdinand III. honoured, loved, and spoke the Bohe- 
mian tongue. Compare also Pelzel, 651, &c. (on the connection 
of languages of 1615,) and 837. Lately there was a festival in 
Bohemia, and on that occasion no one was allowed to speak any 
other than the Bohemian language. 


Perey rt Wr rs 


172 HOTA MAOTI MSTA BT ez 


boerafen we ot aspod slqosd: wily’ anvtel ai bor ya 
“svitait tied 


yFt Untepaqorty iiee aa 31 .oompuat te 
eran ily bolkon’ itr wroteratt, Lean 


erin nt ieeit hal anniacodetl ot es staid eA” 
milieiral’ to macunesvey ode ole goonsice baw | 
ie dune woo gedit wal Ge dani, tle fotunsl bas 
tos enetell at ram ferweton to woud | 
sliqzoott Yalta Weeniit hadediergatien oder (lesa 
erivin Ssailoe) wlf ttmentosT oli Yo svie 
er ob ae vitanoed ytieeel, ait Qo ebaul edt et 
Fnytzete padi oeo"D ot! to limanmneo th: betieilods 
dlody ori potwh sli ae ;eaoiomrny aodtavt fle 
leaimaboos avieoat blieo swe om amis «iit to 
ols  aetrrossonl 
ylomottes arn rotates holleyr edt Yo smo 
blone volt « .nont- bemeol: ies .sititasion ditoan 
evml ow 46 arosssue tiols vid benalqot ed doa 
sige f no dtow eit Th nize) were phootle 
1s Seow ‘onidted tod? ~oeiinos oslo Jathsdteo 
prlarnlod ot bersqqed oval Whnow ylolaanlsnrooar 
sot tO eros: tunel ot ol -vetnios ort ol 
jroiste vorr ved ‘to eoontt tral ant oela haa polqooy 
1 adowe one yd Ti en dadhal tod baw pytiedil 
~of beathigiliaa wil seo) yloe domoyrtowos ofT 
nl jw vied) ted! to towolt silt ylao tom ,ysilid- 
hodovret enw anni Yo s9ibe oft pensaines ier 


‘tO coer evnrd mntto bun: ssh oat glbednaioa* 
Might on aeeoynel +h) grind of woxmebus eemi) arbor 
«nog wel? Lun bevel borwoned tL buemlal ing 
ono fo) 9% 120 Joslo'l onle Suge! waiva 

nt levered @ paw oxnild lata BS fae! haa { JO1 Ww eagnirgaal Yo 
Vite doaqe 1 bowolls = HO in team in peter se sere 


27 CONSEQUENCES OF 


in 1685), she also lost her most industrious inhabi- 
tants, such as cloth-weavers, (who brought their 
trade to a flourishing condition in Bernstadt and 
Zittau,) and linen-weavers, tin-workers, and blue- 
dye-manufacturers, by whom Saxony acquired a 
great gain. The number of the emigrated tamilics 
is generally estimated at 36,000, of whom 185 were 
of the nobility. The loss of property was also very 
great in Bohemia; for in the first years of their 
expulsion the exiles were not prohibited from 
taking their possessions with them. The country 
retained, however, the confiscated estates of those 
_punished in 1621. By this alone the exchequer 
gained ‘orty-three millions of guilders, of which sum 
about 400,000 florins were given to the priests, the 
Jesuits, and monks. Many important deeds and 
documents were, moreover, destroyed at the time ; 
for indignation and despair caused several persons to 
burn their letters of nobility, and their posterity are 
now living in Saxony as common citizens, as is thie 
case with the house of Duba. 

*“* A traveller,” says Pelzel, “ gives the following 
short but excellent description of the then condition 
of the kingdom :—‘I could compare Bohemia with 
a hero, who, having conquered his enemies (the 
rebels), is yet exhausted and wearied from the 
wounds received in the battle, and who is awaiting 
the arrival of the Emperor, in order to recover and 
regain his streneth.’ By which he means, that the 
Emperor ought to fix his residence in Bohemia.” 

What a contrast was there between the years 1608 
and 1708! How dark was it in Bohemia one hundred 
years after these unfortunate times! How flourish- 
ing might Bohemia have been, if her advances had 


Ak Se 


jarred pet a 


a ee eee 


to @S9KST9NeNO) 


ldndai anolteived sso ted seal cincacteaene 
inlt sdyand lw) aurrasw-dlials an alguna eben), 
hut then) af neltibace yotdelmod » ohabam. 
wold boo sodiow-clt emveay-nsail baw (eth. 
B betiopoo yoors® modw yd eroiotosit cam-9yb 
evita betoryinm oft 10 1edmua odT , _ ing dary: 
tert S*) snvoilw Yo 660,06 tu bosmnites, ‘Ulsoneg i 


= 


t= Fy ola com yroqory to eal atE  .vsilidom ot te 


aiedlt lo stey7 teat abt ab adh 5 adele ati inoTg: 
arott Astididery ton iow estima off aoieluqas 
yrteson olT .cradt. bit amojeesetog ttl gaidet 
sent to estates boranefacon oft sevowenl benintot 
vaspotions silt stole ail) yO Jee at bedaamg . P 
me douly to oblirg to enciilim orult-yiiw' healeg 
alt ateoiig orl oF novig stow eaitol 000,008 suede’ 
hie-sbesh deanoqiaiveneM. .aileoky Ines, stdleatll.’ : 
; omit od? aa bovotesh. roves eur etacatooh 
otaccetoy Imevas beeuse tiaqesl Lae wolairgibat sot : 
wie iremory thult hia yetilidon. ty ene! ted? mud —_ 
oil? 2i 2a nmsitip commos ex ytoxnt ni yuitil wom 
BAHT lo sword cult Miw seao 

gnivollot edt zvvin “ losloT oyna “rollevott A” 
noitibnos mult sft to wopgitorsh tasllesns tad toda 
hive ntawwdoll waeqatoo blo. 1 *—: aoiegntd ort to : 
ot). winese ail botenpnoo gaivad ,otbw jored~a 
oilt mot bettmw bas hotzosdxa tsy 4 (ebdet = 
gnidiaws eb oil bos jolitsd ot ni bovivon ebauow 7 
has tove097 oF aobto ni omg@nl oft Yo Levin oft 
oil) silt peor on doida YG. ‘slagacnte sith ategor 

*ntueotlodh ut eerrobieet el <i otdalpuo- rong 7 
B00T stony alt mternied grail? enw reruios sn el VF > 
lorbeud yuo dlatdell ni tienw dal well (80Tl baw 


-erimolt voll  Leoeit danunolon 
tial eoomnvbs aod Yt ood avael sia sane 


THE ANTI-REFORMATION. Dis 


not thus been repressed after the year 1600! Her 
wounds have only become partially healed in the 
nineteenth century, and this benefit has been etfected 
by less unwise rulers than those who governed prior 
to the time of Joseph II. Bohemia is now slowly 
recovering her learned and well-cultivated men, and 
commerce and agriculture are again lifting up their 
heads. But although so many societies for the pro- 
motion of arts and science have been formed by 
various patriots, we may not look forward to a much 
more flourishing state of things, while Austrian des- 
potism, aided by Jesuitical intolerance, binds down 
tne public mind in chains of bigotry and superstition. 

The numerous emigrations of the Protestants, 
were certainly neither expected, nor relished by the 
Government; and when about half the citizens of 
Leitmeritz, being tormented by the soldiery. were 
preparing for emigration, the imperial judge and 
the monks endeavoured by all possible means. to 
entice them, even by letters, to remain. Jlany who 
had already left the place, were thus induced to re- 
turn, and others continued. But before midsummer, 
the Archbishop of Prague. came himself to Leit- 
meritz, and finding that affairs did not proceed ac- 
cording to his mind, he enstalled there a provost, 
who with some other reformers, were more severe. 
These treated the people who lad returned home 
in sucha manner, that they once more left the town 
and removed to Pirna, where more than five hundred 
of these exiles, both old and young, were assembled. 
But greater obstacles to emigration were now 
thrown in the way of the Evangelicals, by their 
opponents. It had been comparatively casv to 
leave the country, when the emigrants could take 

VOL. IL ap 


| ne a 


Ste MONTE ONAN -ATHA haces = 
gil! HON! tpoy silt t9fhe 
ily at beslaoil vifaivieg serous ‘4 a 
Lestyeti stool. onal tilserciet eicl ae ] 
tory kynrsrog wy eo et taper gai win peal rae 
Feels oo ai alorulutl L dqseol Yo oasis alt of 
hom aoe hodevithes-liow haw honieel'tod guitavess 
a ee aeftil wimps ota suiluorrga bas soremmos 
vil) vel eottoinoe yannt of dowodslaeull .abnodl 
ve ‘hotmelt aod ovnif oonoise bate atte to goitom 
ont oot Imeerrt doo! so Your sw eolieq esottay 
~)oiviets olidw goth be whee geiderruolt ston 
wvol sluid »onarslonst Lasttioasl vA habis inaitoy 
.triletequia Lina ynogid joedials sai nation oildug oi 
“iinterorT oft to enciiergian euommea odT 
silt vl fegilat ton .boronqee tultian ylnintes sider 
Ie 2c0s/tho wet Thaliwode oolw law ;faomareyo) 
e ot tribios ods yl hormonvet seal sdieottied 
hits tbat Lereqmi ad? nottexpins tt padagerq 
wr owon aidiewg Un yd bemermetasy ednoar ls 
wile yank nirewt of 2tostol yd w2y9 sort gotta» 
ot ot tyoviun exuld otow only alt Mol ybaorle hel 
vonmmnuabins oihod i .bowaitetos emulio bas rus 
“td of Uorerid aittso.ouverl ty nega sala 
-96 loeaireg ton bily eisiie sais bee stam 
Poteng & ortt Woliitan on m eid ot gailnos, 
Ste erOMt wisw -avvearrotan salty woilte autnwe iiive oddly 
pmiod tare foil ontor “et 3 bused seulT 


ee wren vaio yal a douse ai 
unl vont starlw n ont baw 
Li — otaw tg bow bio. eric apargeed 


sia let thao 


af ‘vauy thovitetey wos a 
“adit Dinos. ermetgint oils ppl seek ro hp ; 


T ak aow 


274 CONSEQUENCES OF 


their property with them; for at first the Emperor 
had allowed them to sell their estates. But these 
sales were after all of no avail; fora farm ora hous: 
was knocked down to the highest bidder, though 
the offer only amounted to afew dollars, au! 
these were frequently retained by the authorities for 
the costs. Thus the poor were at last dismissed wit]: 
scorn, and considered that they were very fortunate, 
when they found themselves beyond the borders of 
Bohemia. Neither did the Emperor’s order to emi- 
grate, at all agree with the wishes of the nobility, 
who were disinclined to lose so many vassals, and 
who, if they had dared, would gladly have retained 
them, exempting them from further persecution. 
Hence the frequent lawsuits of the Bohemian nobi- 
lity, with foreign authorities, as was the case with the 
owners of Friedland, Reichenbere, and Grafenstein 
against the corporation of Zittau, and afterwards of 
the Moravian nobility against those who had received 
their former vassals in Herrnhut. Many people, 
when their design to go into a foreign land, was be- 
trayed, notwithstanding that they had been com- 
manded by the Emperor to leave their country, 
were yet overtaken and imprisoned at the instigation 
of the nobility, who were anxious to retain them, 
and at the instigation of the Jesuits, who wished to 
convert them. 

Though love to their native country induced 
many to apostatize, the number of emigrants was 
constantly increasing. Many, in 1621, left in de- 
spair, under a dread of the severe punishments of 
Ferdinand, when the Jesuits and their dragoons tor- 
mentedthem beyond endurance, and they had already 
lost their property, and were by Jaw deprived of all 


3 BATT SAWOO ser 


qoreuy coh wile devise zie date unio? — 
ult full @efwhes vied? flee o7. cunt bey ) 
pil oenpeba scl ; Tare on Io is teits stam wale 
dynailt gabbid redgid elt of nob badooad exw 
tug Puilleh wstn of tehtnoma goo witho sel 
qed <viivodion oct yd beniater Ylananpett sew seodd 
(tw beestesssh pen! in sqm too altendT  .eteoo add 
Samus cre ste yodt tet borobianos bag grieoce 
Yo ealnod adf heoyad estas harttok godt conte 
derso8 ibe srottgerdl ods hih welsle% sieradofl 
Srilidow talt Yo aodeir ot dite opegs, Heda .olrrg 
jure clover ono oa oxol oF bauilunlail gtew ole 
Jomiater oved plhaty blyow ,berab bad yaile i goilte ; : 
ortungetag tole noott oxwdt paitqarmes ual 
' sideur naioadoll ade Vo ativewal sroupet eel sonoH =~ 
oilt iia sen old en on aoktio line gyinal dite gil 
nietnsten how rwdeedsiel bashed le seme 
jo damnotie ban ,wertiS Yo uyiteoqes ont derieys 
frvviorvss batlorw seals denloga wilidon aeetoM olf a 
ohyooy yon tuleorwll at elgeany macxdt sisdt 
when Annel geet a ods Oy a! gical, tinal nocdy 
eno aod, bait vodt jadt yibantettiwtor -bo gett 
nies silt ere oo sossqmal odt gd ebro 
solirattent ails dy bemortryid bos codevtese toy ow : 
wiruly tigi of aooixue on om spilidou alt Yo, a 
wi lenkeiw oilvt aatives| oli to noneyienioddashss 7 
hevyebesi » oviton siodt ot ovel dyaedT 7 
air a3 1210 adi adi sxitatsoqa oF Yaa 
‘oh tr Hol PST sb pee cyniesoiail, ; 
Ww stoning oedaitt Yo booth om 4 
-1) emoogerh vatlt bam etinesl, ot asthe » 
Vivevila Desk yovelt dace Siberian ipeto botgmut 
lin te bovinqal wabyd ayer bre .gsraqeng ainda teok 
pale 


a 
7 
2 


THE ANTI-REFORMATION. 975 


means of a livelihood. Hence they had nothing 
to hope for in Bohemia, whereas abroad there 
was a prospect of subsistence, or at least of a friendly 
reception among those who had gone before them. 
But more generally emigration was not merely the 
consequence of despair and distress, of oppression or 
defiance, but really the result of their attachment to 
the evangelical faith, of their desire for a purer wor- 
ship, of their abhorrence of hypocrisy, of their 
- longing after those who had preceded them, of their 
anxiety for the spiritual welfare of their children, 
and of their confidence in God, who would bless their 
fa:thfulness also ina foreign land. ‘ They sought,” 
saysan old author,* “ a place where the doctrines of 
the gospel, and the scriptural use of the holy sacra- 
ments are purely, clearly, and distinctly taught and 
propagated ; and they do not so much care for their 
personal and temporal interest, as for their spiritual 
and everlasting welfare.”’ 

We must not however forget, that the exiles did 
not believe that their banishment would last for ever. 
No, during many years they continued to flatter 
themselves with the hope of a change, and of the 
permission, and possibility, of returning to their 
beloved father-land ; sometimes they expected much 
from the intercessions of the Saxon Elector, and at 
others that the Emperor’s anger would abate, or that 
some political change should produce a difterent state 
of affairs. Some were even simple enough to think 
it possible that the Palatine Frederic would again 
ascend the throne. If, on the one hand, this hope 
should be considered as an alleviation of their troubles, 

* Writings of the former burgomaster, Jacobitz of Friedland, 


who died as an exile,i n 1624, at Radgendorf, near Zittau. 
Toe 


ate COUPAMAOTEA-ITHA, ee 7 


yridtow bail roti sonolt. deoditerit-a Yo snmoa 
etolt hriowls sugpedy _,sieretbodl. tot ery a: 
hurt 2 to teomd tw V0 soantviedny Mo txsqeoTq’ s éaw 
aod! givlui suey foul ove pods yhome coliqsoxt 
wt yh Jom aaw cotietgion yllesasg eds $0 
To imenGHe lo eorueib bre wivgesh Yo sonsuposees 
2 rigilt ‘to sheen oft ylloor tad wonaiteb 
“ce wey 6 pol svieob vod to li) Leoilegaeve sult 
sisi=o vetoed to. oomroudde sinls Yo qide 
tim? to cogil? beluoery Iwul odbw sods wwtla gaigeol 
dtvtidide giod! Yo onallow lamntige alt tl yioteaa 
tol) seule blood oiler het) st eaeebines tid? To has 
“ddgnoe volT * shoo! ngienia ai osla eeonlutidsat 
to exartoob adage soalge ” *odltus blo usages 
-Btane youl oily to ais Lareuatepince eft Lor dsqeos. sult 
biw abgnas Chasieih bap a—< velruing 518 aluses 
tinh) it ooo dana o8 tom ob you hae; ; hotayaqong 
lauterige riod? a0 24 degra lvewpmet bine lsnozeq 
"nition yiriteheo bos 

bib eslize ods asl aoyiel tevewod tom sent 9W 
ve tdt seul bluow soocatabaed toda ata? sveiled don 
vetiel ot bongitaes vars —_ bapa geimbh 0% 
oil} to brie oueratlo La Bir iiiv esvloemadt 
tilt OF gaiguiiot to, be ras hina ,woizeisnroq 
dlotien Lotwaqz yas eoorttormoe pbunl-swilidi bevoled 
7H tas Sojool joxse. sult lo emolecoxreiai odd mot 
talt vw adedu bivow toga e'rosaqnnd adttexd? arailto 
i nouben; bidosdengiteds ierivilog saroa 
‘ile ao olqatis cove stew gait ..eriefin to 
hime shalenl smile oft totkt oldiazoq fi 
“agai lt hyp wo ott ao. ML. sattonds allt brosea 
valdoortaigiitie aoitiivalle an-ee hovelileageied blwoda 

eosin tp atidonnt soianmoysid some ol) negate & 


wei came 0 taiGOt w talian wae bib one 


276 RETURN OF THE 


which it really must have been, it should on the 
other hand be remembered, that many were «o 
situated as repeatedly to endure the miserics of exile, 
for persecution was extended to the very places 
whither they had fled. This was the case with those 
who had taken refuge in the Silesian territories. 
The exiled who had gone to Saxony, were the most 
happy, because the Protestant ruler there, consi- 
dered it his duty to take them under his care; jie 
was also able to protect the fugitives in Lusatia, for 
though an imperial province, it had become his hy 


mortgage. They who had to endure the sorrows of 


exile several times, were mostly clergymen. 

In these times of distress and danger, which, inde- 
pendently of religious affairs, were yet increased by 
the countless sufferings of the thirty vears war, the 
military successes of the Protestant Princes occa- 
sioned a change of circumstances, which seemed to 
promise relief in Bohemia, especially at Prague, aud 
revived the hopes of the Protestants, But the vie- 
tories of the Saxons and Swedes were an advantage 
of very short duration. 

The irsperial army, commanded by Tilly, was de- 
feated on the 16th of August, 1631, near Leipzic, 
and the troops of the Elector of Saxony, commanded 
by Arnheim, took possession of Auszig¢, Leitmeritz, 
Schlan, Melnik, and Tetschen, and marched agiinst 
Prague. As the country people hid themsclves trom 
the Saxons ; so did the arrival of the latter at Pracue 
cause Archbishop Harrach, Count Michna, and 
Wallenstein duke of Pricdland, with many of the 
nobility, to flee in great haste to Budweis, Linz, aud 
Vienna. The citizens treated with Arnheim, through 
the Protestauts in lis army, Count Thurn and Wenzel 


a8 ae ead ees 


reve a 


——- 


aie 4o Mart © = 9 A 
alt no blade Jb ound wend qoutt fleet Se ula oo 
ow wow Yow tole .bowgeditouns wh baad willie . 7 
like ‘fu eyitoatr others at i_ Lent aepere ete hotentie oo 
eon yy alt ot Ighuntyo eee sokwoomung a) 
welt ince wh enweilT belt hart youltsodsictye 
oui eiheti#t. alt of oyutor aodat berk odve a 
janie ol) Seon rRe ob ance Sul ode lolixeolT - 
ents Aly wolire sieesior] sili wanpond rqqod 
wh jaw ebb esha edt odat od yal ell st bereb 


A ier a) eviaipilt it Meuny of ide oes aaw 


gt eid ontowd bal i ponthreny Leeann ae abgwordt 
w avorioe all anihas oy bel ede odT .egeyron 


aoiryowly yao sew zon Samedi : 
ashi loithy ageanls bas eorteib 10 ssnlt oxalt al: 
(| lezuowsas toy snow eTiéhe anoigiler te ylambaag ~~ : 
mill ner eoey tga) silt to zyntroline elmo of 
“vo exotii) teeteoies "Loft lo esseaage qratilion 
oO lemnese aot asorniemiorio to spastlos beaots 
bun orverT im ylluionges wwirnndodl a Yollor sainrong - 
ot od) 0 Ate lowl edt to eequil one beviver — . “/ 
oynitey bn un ote aahow™ bie asuxed silt Yo eitot 
| noeiriuh tude yew ‘to 
oh enw AT od a 00h detegent oT 
cuinyiacl ‘won AL eagok ‘w diot edt ao horus} 7 
lnboninnton yuonue eo tota0l3l 99 toeqooss oda baw’ | 
uitonstiod give to noleeveeoq soot gariodanA yd a. 1 
fentive bole bine grodoeoT bas dinkeM aah o - : 
will eavbosualy YMuvovodiek sovgenT 
mua) yenenieledls te tavinie ot bib oe penoret ods) 0) 
hie onde. game) alrsvall qudeiddyt nies os 0 ; 
wht ww -rapen isi shinebboin'l Jo odub. attanalia ye’ 
linw suid ainmehobbop ate raserg wi oo om ide 


yuo setioiber ds se ivaxitio ott al j — in 
bu bus wi ein is eit itpaie 


EXILED CEERGYMEN, ed hh 


Raupowa ; and he promised to prevent all violence 
from being done to the churches, cloisters, priests, 
und monks. Many other towns, as Kuttenbere, 
Podjebrad, Kollin, Konigingraz, were also obliged 


to surrender, and the Elector of Saxony himself 


coming to Prague, took up his residence in the 
castle of Prince Lichtenstein. Numberless exiles 
now returned, and among them were sixty-six 
Lutheran clergymen. “Then,” says Pelzel, “ the 
Bohemian Protestants, who reappeared in crowds, 
rejoiced that their religion could once more be 
freely exercised in their native land.” 

We shall give a more detailed description in the 
words of such authors as witnessed this event, feel- 
ing convinced that such a procedure will be most 
agreeable to the judicious reader. 

“While the Archbishop and others were thus 
successfully endeavouring to propagate and establish 
the Catholic religion, in all parts of the kingdom,” 
says the Jesuit Pessina, “and when the non- 
catholic clergy had been banished from the whole 
kingdom, and their places were supplied with 
Catholic priests, and other pious men, chiefly fathers 
of the Society of Jesus, to whom Bohemia is greatly 
indebted, for their services in the reformation : alas, 
then the melancholy defeat intervened of the im- 
perial army under Tilly, in the great battle of 
Leipzic. This at once destroyed the fruit of our 
former victories, and was the cause of the new 
musery, that disturbed the peace of the country 
and of religion, and plunged us into an abyss of 
trouble. Tor while all the towns of Germany, even 
those beyond the Rhine and the Danube, opened 
their gates to the king of Sweden, Arnheim had 


LA VL LS IM cesta BO ie Sass we Eee 


Ud La a od 


ite. Mave NSA CSIR 89 
annaloiy He trovany ot destino sd baa; ewoqiinil 
ieiy aitsiols gadounls ol of snob paind mya 7 
arden A as sewol wilte yal vedeom baw 7 
(oytte cleo singaighntiat sillod berdojhe't 
‘lent genes to votoell edt ban ebronve of 
ol of oooghiew it qn door sirgevT of yeloros 
_ nek wolesitue — nbosennidelt ovatir to oltens 
a aheeprie ser ood) onet Lew deinustor won 
ie © “fosieT era “ol? emryeto nveadaid 
dlnen al hemeqquet olw abmntestorT nuleindotl 
od men Sot bine netpile: viel da fnotojen 
“heel oviiet diol ab bettors ylorit 
alt mi noitgemesh Holieoh soma vie Lede 5 = 
-fest trys ait boaesntiv se stad dows Io ebtow : 
tenet od Hite stuineon © dows dadt hoontviros gai. 
~ sobeet anolaibuy eda ot oldasrrge 
enh stew sitio bas qolehihnk oly oli W 
teiidetes bit alegaqor of webraoveslen yilieosoue 
“tobgerid ody to eting Ue di atpegiler vifudia’D oil - 
-non silt cody hen prises thoeol, wily eye 
slodw gilt mot bedeind esd ‘had gytalo oilotiss 
ihiw IeMygqve ww aodl Wl bas anolygaid 
ersilel yfoiils cone anoty sorfe te yievisg vilodn') 
Vinoty 4 ataroilol mwrlyr 04 aie lo ytolpe? silt Yo 
ele ; aoRarriclot ot nt eoreisedteds tot Lontybni 
~mi sit te benovivini sadish elovonhlow: alt mil _ 
“to oltad merg or ot yfiT eb yar Inte 
vo to din alt boyoesh vyao ae ail’ oivqind : 
wot odd jo teu fff exw bow patrotiiy wore : 
ynimnes alt Yo soo ot badiieteib dad) tose - 
to eed amore) en bogeily Tam iergilot Sa bee 
vos scone’ to mwver ot Ma othber wl alder ; 
~) beseoqo euttiiwl ocd bar onltSl wily hotyed oxolt 
hl ioiortioide \wobow2 Yo guided 'o? eatmy wiods 


278 RETURN OF THE 


been sent in advance, with the choice troops of the 
army, and he conquered, without difficulty, the whole 
northern part of Bohemia, and the borders of Misnia 
and Lusatia. The towns in the interior of Bohemia 
surrendered on the first summons; for they were 
either forsaken by their garrisons, or thought them- 
selves unable to resist, since the imperial army had 
been dispersed, and could render them no assistance. 
Such terror and alarm had taken possession of all 
the inhabitants of the kingdom, that they not only 
fled with their familics, from the villages and other 
small places, but were even trembling at Prague. 
A great part of the citizens, particularly the rich and 
the Italian merchants, fled from their approaching 
and rapacious enemies* to Budweis, Tabor, Iglau, or 
Vienna. It was a grievous and terrible sight for 
our clergy, to behold the town and the royal castle 
invaded by our foes; especially when, contrary to 
the terms of the capitulation, the Lutheran preachers 
violently entered the cathedral, and one of them 
mounting the pulpit, preached the doctrines of his 
own religion. But the priests, well knowing their 
duty towards God and the church, resisted as much 
as they could, and left nothing untried, to remove 
these ungodly invaders trom the sacred place. By 


their perseverance they obtained from the Elector of 


Saxony, a command that the Lutherans should quit 
the temple, and that no one should venture to hinder 
or disturb the performance of divine worship, and 
what was little to be expected from a Lutheran 
Prince, the disobedient were threatened with severe 


* The Swedes also took possession of various libraries, which 
they carricd with them to their own country, where, in 1543, 
they were added to the royal library of Stockholm. 


FHP Sh ANTTRT 8 ~ eye 

uit Jo aynont sofods odlt shin qomevby at tase need) 

aloiw ola yaliodtib svordsiv: beapagy ail brteygeme 0) 

Huse ja etabod ott hee cle Torng miolson 

) cimodedl testa elenwotsl niteeoD bag 
_ vw vos Gl p,agomunne yer edt oo Dawhuerme 
-n dtodd) to aimsitioy tisde yd xdinot taille 

_ hal peer Labnong oat oli sontie aelewe of aldanw esyise 

~~ thieieas bet wimdlt ebeor blroo bur borteqail aged 
in to wolseereoy nodet bel mele bee veri fone 
Adie tom qorls tilt coolegaid oft. To atensidatni pila 
torlio Das eyyeilix ot ort ollltedtsieily iw but 
2 Street tn yitideton neve saw dunt eaioky Meme 

bait treds yloelusitrny xunsitiqwlt toe tng tevte A 7 

anilsnoiqgs tialt mot Deft araatower wallail orf 


10 .Kalyl sndel ziowho€ or *-sinsmyevotamqer ban > 
wi dlgia sldieet hes govelty eg aew tl anasi¥ 
obiens Leger edt bin wiret ot blodadwy e¢gtels r10 
om vievves atte vilaioaqes ; edhe yd bobarnt 
erulomoty aetyltial sis nouplidiqas ode to etnsad ort 7 
madt to 400 has jfethofine ody Lewes tltesloiy ; 
elf Yo egubenoh wil bosiszorq sigh edd goliagonr : 
volt gaiwen2tew jiesing silt nll Sneigiloy nwo 
howe en betaies': ,rlosuiio sult bat hoBebaewot yiub 
svoment oF -bokaaw yoidton fol baw Silvas yods an’ 
. 41 only Danawe sity ino arohavett ythogun sestlt 
lo tote at mon houirtlo silt venmrsroeny stadt 
siuyy inode eneriadind sit) tod bommtiod @ yabxn 
Tobit oF omar bivods ovo on tea bee olquvas add 
bin quiiow onivih to sotnmdhing olt diveib 10 
‘ veri 8 eet helvoyes od or sii enw andy 
over hiv Lewiewnll now mvihodoeth oll Asaixd | 


be ssinerlil mupicmy 6 wola-vveng vad nade atten aft © 


wt oe re a 


EXILED CLERGYMEN. 279 


punjshment. But in order at the same time to 
erant something to the clergy of lis party, and not 
to force them entirely to evacuate the castle, he per- 
mitted them to hold Lutheran meetings in the royal 
collegiate chapel, which was within its walls. As 
every one who pleased, had permission to attend 
these assemblies, to hear the declaimers, and to take 
the sacrament according to their rites, in one word, 
that he might worship Luther ; there were numbers 
of people, and even not a few of the higher ranks, 
espec‘ally those who were but Jukewarm Catholics, 
and old Huasites, with whom the use of the chalice 
had taken deep root, who came to these meetings, de- 
claring themselves publicly as Lutherans, and thus 
they relapsed once more into heresy. This was a 
hard and bitter case for the priests living in the 
vicinity of the castle, who were obliged to let these 
things pass with impunity. They however abated 
not in their vigilance, and each did what he could, 
especially Andrew Kobr and Elias Kolbe, both dis- 


tinguished preachers, the one in the German, and 


the other in the Bohemian language. Neither the 
magnitude of labour and danger, nor the presence of 
the enemy, could deter them from defending the 
truth of the Catholic religion, both publicly and 
privately, against the irrational and condemned 
opinions of their opponents. Several wavering 
Catholics, to whom they proved the unsoundness 
of the Lutheran doctrines, were thus preserved and 
confirmed in their faith, and in the purity of ortho- 
loxy. When Prague was afterwards reconquered 
»y Wallenstein, these brave priests were not only 
highly extolled by the Emperor, and the Cardinal 
(arrach), but amongst other rewards bestowed 


— a 


cur 
ye MIKTOMMID CRIN == : 


ot sort aeue oly te yolrto, atte” dein 
four Lamy yytteg ati! to yerely git See 


eh allow eli nidtiv amw deidy dsqado otatgellon 
hiinti« oF noteicrmy bad deialq odw sao yreve 
_ S46 of bas senilalash wit tad ot ,29ildyrsees seas 


har] of lyase oclt paige rd cary swt sotet of 
Jaqor adi ai epuinem | od ot moth bettie 


aa" now sag. ai aur. tied) oF Qiibivess Insoresace orld 


moderna sow wrmct j relied qbdesovw abgiecr ol ands 
alo sorgid ol) lo wat a 2on rye bye elqneq ‘to 
alloc) arovasul tod save ely oaorlt ylls'osqes 
svtine sift to seu silt wrodw diy getieswH blo bus 
“ab 2yorauir stoi? 0) ecusy culy 206%" Yorh ovdat bad 
sult ban anorsiliyt en ylolliloy eprlsactod) yaitels 
b exw aidT ~.yexiod ount sro soy hoeqales. xsd 
alt ai ontvil eresing oi wit eas vottid we Ined 
oxailt gel ot bevilito caw ow yaltees odt Yo yinisiv 
hotele sevewod yo) oyaimoqen) dtpw eng eyes 
dideeo of jmly bib dose ben emaaligty aie ai ton 
vtih died odlod esl bus aod wathaA yilaiseqes 
hoe eet ods ok sno silt widen, hodetrgait 
mili tottieZ. ove gual sto} ‘ult at tedto adfs 
to seas 01) vot Gognah hem gedel to shutiingan 
ol) yethwwiteh wet med wish Divo »yaone off 
bos ylviliug diod ,aoigiler ailodte ody do saad 


hao ban lanvianri gilt semiege yloswrtq 
rer a gp E. to paola 


\irifvee) edd ben orsqarah ont yd bolkazs yldgid 


*bwnoteod ‘ebaawer ssilto tegacaia “tnd fdberiel!) 


280 RETURN OF THE 


on them, they were raised to the dignity of noble- 
men.” 

A Protestant author, who looked at these events 
from a different point of view, has left us the fol- 
lowing account :— 

“When the affairs of the Protestants seemed to 
be most helpless, and the Princes of the realm hid 
been subjected to obedience, and the most Important 


towns capriciously tormented, and the objects of 


booty too swiftly distributed: behold, then, the 
aspect of the European world suddenly changed. 
From the northern horizon a cloud of hope ap- 
peared, and attracted as it were by the tears and 
groans of the longing people, it approached to give 
refreshment to the panting souls of Christendom. 
Germany having been delivered, the League dis- 
persed, and Sweden victorious, the Elector of 
Saxony, penctrating into Bohemia through Lusatia, 
determined to follow up the advantage obtained by 
the victory of Leipzic, in order, according to the 
rights of war, to regain his previous loss. 

“The Bohemian exiles at that time had frequent 
interviews with Count Thurn, the Swedish Licut.- 
General, and Ambassador to the Elector of Saxony 
at Dresden, and they agreed to use so favourable an 
opportunity of joining the suite of the Elector, who 
was on the point of entering Bohemia. As they were 
equally anxious about their religion, they persuaded 
the dispersed Protestant clergy to return with them 
to their native country, who cheerfully consented, 
for religion and father-land were equally dear to 
them. On the 13th of November, the Elector 
inoved forward with a considerable retinue from 
Dresden to Pirna, and then to Aussie, accompanicd 


« 
q 
2 


TUT WO AAUTAM soe 5, 


ildon Yeogslergils ould of Hoke ormoan godt gail go 57: 
8 it 
vivre sauult to Doadoal oalve nonlin tne ell © 
jc wale out “ob eink yooly to satop nuitih «com 
7 InuvooDe yatme 
oe bmn eventestin’) alt lo. aida ed med V7 
lovk setiaae aiid oomsser'l okt buss, alqfod sao od 
merit a oad alt lace aecetbode ot Losgidue aod 
to ptineapilie od) hee botwanriel panglatyyas sirwos 
lt amult blood ;homdiveil qlitive oot yood 
Jeaimely glaybbes bhieww anoqgutl vd? Yo ioogas ., 
ati opotl Yoo Baraly a, aoxiod svalsien, ot eotl : 
ln staat wilt ye sro ti eg. boseeette hae shoveq 
vig ot bodamriqga at slyouy gaigaal ult Yo sono'ty 
citvlamieil To etvon young alt o tusinileatior 
clk avgwad ada devvilob aood geivad yoann : 
W tonal dt jematiotiiy. osbewd hae ,bermq 7 
ined Nyeenh siavuloll ot) geitraonsg,yaoens 
1M byuietde ootiatin adt.qa wolldlor bowisreieh aa 
olf gaitrowen gale ot eisqial Yo yrototy oily : 
tol suolvny, sul Wieyst on ww To etslgr. j 7 
jitowpott Louwkorvit tacks in estixe meigtatiotl iT * pet 
-iwoll gelhows ole wcudT yore diiw ensivtoiai . 
yokes te doonwlch adi oF wobesandath baw lene 
a) Ohienovit oon 01 booty: yodt bus robes Jn : 
wilt ott oalt to stive ot gniaiog to yinuttoqya. = 
a welt ed mutt anisteaencanatas ee - 
I ee sioils tuod# anotenn y[leuyr 
toil) site amit os grate suatotod bowioaeils ft 
dunvates fihimls ody coined atitet siodd ob. 
vt Geely elie age euh-doltal = twigilyr wh 
wre olf edie Yo el 2 wed 


ner semtoy uldgbiaios na age i 
Iviiapeong: paleemieos iil) nid od Hh ow 
| , 


EXILED CLERGYMEN. QRI 


ly numerous exiles. They reached Leitmeritz on 
the 15th, and on the next day, being Sunday, divine 
service was celebrated, with solemn thanksgiving for 
their happy arrival. 

“The day following they entered the capital, al- 
ready in possession of the Saxons, and the Elector 
made his public entrance on the 20th, amidst a 
large concourse of people. More than thirty 
Evangelical clergymen, who had returned from 
Lusatia to their native country, went in solemn 
procession to the Tein church, where they knelt 
down, and with prayers and hymns supplicated the 
mercy of the Lord. This week just terminated the 
ecclesiastical year, and the Protestants thought it 
appropriate to commence the new year with some 
solemnity. Having consulted on the necessary 
measures, and received the advice of the Evan- 
velical clergy, they, notwithstanding the opposition 
of the Catholics, began to establish the Protestant 
canon-laws, and divine service was arranged to be 
performed first of all in the cathedral church, which 
had previously belonged to the Protestants, and 
from which the administrator Dicastus had been 
expelled ten years before, with the rest of the 
clergy. It was the first Sunday in Advent, and 
they desired to make this day memorable to pos- 
terity, by two extraordinary events. In the fore- 
noon, seventy evangelical ministers, proceeded in 
pairs to the Tein-church, where, kneeling at the 
“altar, they read the service. The people nume 
rously and piously assembled from all parts, prais- 
ing the Most High, for having thus graciously 
visited His afflicted people. The heads of those 
noblemen who had suflercd on the scattold ten years 


ad ~~ 
s oe 7 


4¢ VIVTCONNTO GIT - _— 


ne sthromiiol feds 2otT  ealizo enorointn yl 
sail chave ante tab txoit otit 110 bas alot oll 
wh gubvigedands mamsloe dite botietlolog eaw sive 
| Soviets yqqad tod 
ie detiyas silt bywtan yodt gaiwollet qb ofT “ 
roto sodt fimo ,atoxeG offi Yo noizasezog at yhnot 
_s heme 08 oft ao vere oddeq enf ebm 
rei) amli ovo ~~ olqesq Yo setmosrt Sgrtal 
uenil Bettetot bad ote smatggiofs fxsifegocvl 
aitelie Hf titow sitios ovitan tied? of attend 
tend volt srniw ulotndle wie eth of notersoo1q 
oily botnaileryns atoryd has epee diy bas arwob 
oilt henner levy daow anlT tet olf Yo Yoroar 
i adgnod? etusieolotl off bat 1207 hottenteslooe 
ontoe tiv tes¢ won oil) somsuemey oF sriitqoTyge 
yineaon ot so borlyeaoo guivell — .yitemolos 
«iva silt Yo ostvbe off bevieet har aotuenom 
noitianepye olf oribaasediinton silt yyrofo Insilog 


rinctesrord oilt deiidaves or smgad jestfoilte) ody w . 


od or bopantis sew spivise snivih but ewel-nouns 
Joidw akytinio Lrvlelino ort of He to ted! boarrottog 
hits etetorT oft oF bogrolid ylevorron bod 
tod hae entail torsneinizabes ott doidw tout 
ot To teat aft diiw ordtel easy not follsgxo 
bins wae7bA ai yabaw® sit oh aew 31 eprls 
-20y, 07 Sidimoniowt yob eily odent ot Levtieo yout 
rit oa ab etesyo yisatinomize owl yd a 
ot fulessorg wotinion fnothygante “Hoon 
aif) de witilvous rly dovulo-nivT Silt ot ting 
“petite okeporny tT esters cod Teen yo — 
ey Aha Hr: mot boldinazen ne bun 
ylation: ‘ends guityaidl wl , st ., 
savilt tu shawl oT slqouy, ‘coats Gon 

mcoe con Bidnee ils 80 nie eed 


- 


cD 7 


“~~ 


282 RETURN OF TIE 


before, and which had been fixed by the executioner 
to the top of the bridge-tower, in the old-town, as 
a terror to the conquered people, were the same 
afternoon taken down, and placed in a collin covercd 
with silk, and then conveyed to the above-named 
church, followed by a multitude of people, singing 
the sacred songs of Zion. All were forcibly re- 
minded of the great mutability of earthly things. 

“A beginning being thus made, the clergy con- 
curred in the propriety of re-establishing a consis- 
tory, as soon as possible, for the easier and better 
administration of ecclesiastical affairs. The most 
influential men being again assembled, the fol- 
lowing clergymen were with great solemnity and 
deliberation, elected to be officers of the consistory, 
namely Samuel Martini as administrator; and 
Adam Clemens, John Rosacius, Paul Cruppius, 
John Hertwicz and Stephen Olomuczansky, as as- 
sessors. These were the men to whom thie con- 
sistory was entrusted, and they were also required 
to give their attention to the university and its pro- 
fessorships. 

“ About Christmas, the Jesuits were expelled 
from Prague, by the commander of the garrison. 
They received a safe-conduct and a guarantee tor 
their property. The Administrator and Protessors 
then solicited from the electoral Governor, as an 
especial privilege, that the university should not 
sustain damage from military violence. It was 


consequently carefully protected, and a course of 


the classes was announced in a public programme. 
For the maintenance of good order and the con- 
tinuation of so propitious a commencement, the 
Administrator Martini was appointed to the office 


i 
j 
i 
} 
$ 
4 

j 
H 

; 


AUT UO MATTER Sy 


visors ads rd hast-aood hel shoickve fies frdted “é 
on twea-bloodt ai aa'wor-oghind ad? Yo qed gift Che 
jute alt ony waqosd bertoey coe art o) tI @ . 
horaeens (fhe 6 frosty bara ,stwoh aodel noomosis 
lrition-avede silt of Leyovcoo sodt ban alfa diiw 
yaiveia glqony ‘to obytitluar e-yd bewolldt lomo 
sr. this ovom li .n0iS te egnos betona. odds 
——“apanlt yhitces to ytilidetem serra ods Io hobaim 
“ay gyrus oilt ahora eust gated yoinaiged A» 
—<ienood 6 worle thintea-at to yisriqotd ads ai berm 
itn! bog mie edi it ,aldisepq aa wove et yy10s 
om ofl tia Seniteniesfow To soiteteinimbe 
-ict oft (oldorsesciegs geied aan Isitosufiai 
lit vlitsasloe fosrg diiw siow wmmyyrslo yoiwol 
erwiernos off} lo Moosto od of batusia roltetodilah. 
ben, ;toleneigiorha 2c intial tame ylomaa 
auiggit) toed eviomotl odol ose!) mebA ; 


“ti +a YaaaxoyinolO ayia bas sotwieH ndlol ; 
102 G9 inoiiw of mem oti, otow penlT rose | -~@ 


ivtiupot oslo aww yodt bas ,botevwtm ew. yrotela 
orig oti bas aaa od oF Homantin sings ovig da 
eyiterorst 
bulla =e biiweol old ,eoneserl) food al 
wostrig wilt Jo wabeaninros asl wd argetd sxoit 
iw!) pote 8 bos toubnos-oles, & bovisogt yo 
etocslui ben doisctieiabA olT spnoqorq tied 
is 26 ytomtovoR) Iyroi90lo. ot pay botivitoe nod. 
jut binoda ytierovirw od? toils yepolivicy Laipogea 
ven 31 oowhoiy yautilia: mort aynstab siaram 
le ND & Lawn desaotory agititowem lina pezno. | 
trey silitiy ni foonroms seer eoeaale | 
wo oft fete sotto bee to. soaenatningr oft 
wh AtomiBEMNOD & ee on to obouait ™ 
avifio oft ob bataiogge ene intel tohmiziniabA ms 


EXILED CLERGYMEN. 283 


of- Governor of the great or Caroline College, and 
John Hippe, M. A., to that of Chancellor of the 
University, and Secretary to the Consistory. 

“This happy arrangement produced many ad- 
vantages. The Bohemians, refreshed with the joy- 
ful tidings of the Gospel, assembled in crowds, in 
order to partake of the heavenly blessing. They 
listened to the purely preached word of God, with 
extraordinary devotion. Those who had remained 
faithful to Evangelical truth, praised God for their 
delivery ; while those who had gone astray cele- 
brated His infinite mercy in restoring them to the 
paths of righteousness. 

“« Among other events the following was most re- 
markable. Notwithstanding the persecution against 
the Protestants had raged for several years, and had 
been carried on with so much violence, that it was 
even considered a punishable crime to be called an 
Evangelical Christian, there were still found in the 
town and its vicinity, within the short space of a 
few weeks, two thousand who had remained faithful, 
besides five thousand, who, having forsaken their 
religion, nuw sincerely repented of their apostacy. 
So mightily did the powerful word of God work in 
the hearts of those who had been brought to re- 
flection. The Lecture-rooms of the University were 
thrown open, and in a few days more than two 
hundred of the nobility, the citizens and other in- 
habitants, assembled in the Caroline-college, and 
solemnly engaged to observe the new regulations. 
From the daily increase of assembling believers, the 
churches of Prague seemed to be in a most flourish- 
ing condition. In the Tein-church the evangelical 
preaching was zealously carried on by the Adminis- 


Bae wanronaa9 daizs 
bon wyalloD anritows’) 404s os 
silt to tollsoeat) to stadt of , vH silo 
ypteiane nit on-euatiaind agp vied - > 
«ba ganar heowhor tmomegmertn +q cage ‘aT » - 
<voj, Slt ti hetlegtion 2rtaimalod aggaiany 
at lumens wii: telnet disqeo sds to egnibis Int 
_astteteli! sclaavaestl oft Yo sdating Ot tobt0. 
hie WOR Fo: loo badoasry ylorug ody or temotail 
| haute bel ofv ssodlT oottordt ytemibromdtze 
sent wt Hol) bestasy yt tevileynertt of fivtiaint 
leo yates gonog hed ow seodt olidw + ~ravilsb 
edt nt ated? yolrotevt ni yorone Silatint sill “hota 
aeonrenon git To editag 
~ot deowt asw guiwollol adt 2iubre soto qaoork 
teniage eoltiosetsg od? puibasialtiniox  oldedsam 
beil bite etry latsvos 10) hagas bed sieniestorT odt 
esw tf dats sousloty dover os itty no batrine aod 
if hollas sf of stairs sldedciamp e bsishianoo seve 
oft ai Brrvol Lita orsw storlt vatataitnlD ieoifogauy 
5 to donq? oda oil} niltie .afihiviy aT bas nwos 
Avidtid hotiomey bed odw biteenads ov! doow wot | 
tinds gealaew! ooived ,orlw jbethevoil! oyit enbiesd 
“romeogs matt to berasqet yiswonie wot ,aoigilet 
ih Ae HO Yo boy iste alt Lil ylitdgiar 08 
-ot oF tlgword iwed bad ow peolt to alinaed oils 
stow ytiewein’) oft to emroot-ermiont SUT saoidooh 
owt naif oronr exh wot # at hao .toqo moult 
-ab tonto hos enositio ons .yiilition oy Yo botbmud 
bas yogollos-aniforsD oft ai Delilermers etitptidant 
eaolaligar wan lt svredo of bogegia Yinatoloe 
orld erovorlyel yitildareen to sansrsa) yliwly ody anor 
-léituol sone si ddl oF seo ob sti wet 


Leviiogeeve eit deonts-nisT off al 
aii Aad? yal 0 boinao yleudlaas 2 


284 RETURN OF THE 


trator Martini, Matthias Krocinowsky, late minister 
of Reichenau, and others. In the German churches. 
sermons were delivered by the field-preachers and 
their assistants; and Martin Storch remained unin- 
terruptedly at the Salvator-church. God richly 
blessed the pious and indefatigable energies of the 
above-named divines; so that in Prague alone they 
regained twenty four Evangelical churches, that 
within the last ten years had gone over to Roman- 
ism. Upwards of fifteen thousand souls, who had 
been estranged from the Gospel by fearful and un- 
heard-of cruelty, were brought in a very short 
period to a voluntary and cheerful return; and 
five clergymen, who, through a long and severe 
imprisonment, had been reduced by the Papists 
to despair and apostacy, now acknowledged and 
made a public con‘ession and recantation of their 
guilt. 

‘‘ Whilst the Protestants were heartily desiring 
a treaty between the contending parties, and 
supplicating and advising for peace, alas! the 
thunder of cannon was again heard. On the 
24th of May, 1632, the flag of Wallenstein was 
seen to approach. The victorious general sent In a 
trumpeter, and demanded the surrender of the town 
and castle; but Welsdorf, the Saxon Governor, 
returned a bold defiance. About tio o'clock in the 
morning the bombarding of the town beean from 
the White-hill, and during the whole of the tollow- 


ing night, nothing was heard but the roaring ot 


cannon, and the tumult of war. At last, when the 
Duke of Fricdland had effected a breach inthe 
fortress, near the Laurence-chapel, and had sur- 
rounded the ramparts on all sides with his troops, 


ee erate.) ere w era 


{Nas IN RD a A ik Sib at ns cg Weta LA a Ua aU Gebietes avn 


lo purer oer Ped Ged eer Suilion igi ont 
ot aol taal A thw Yo sine oft hag conde 


7 
aT to WIN 2 
qoieiniet at “pdewoninot a anidiaM dali rose 9 
enlrmndls aenarie® wis af enuitto baw amudstot Yo! . 
hus erobvann-bletl ols yd borwvilol gies enone 
-nico lorie dovor® stieM bee patenteen tiedt’) 
vib fe dervdorotevie® odd te ylbetqurnes © 
ott le Sigver sidegitiieba: bar swotq oilt boseald 
qult pasi=sepin] wi tat oe yeonivih bomen-sveds 
wih: 2ttheods fievilgeev al yaoewt bonieget 
-hanitl of 1370 one bat eresy ot dant oft oiehtiw 
bial ota elooe baoavodt nosft# lo sieve) umet 
ane Din litte) od ingen) oft mot hegemiaa ted 
nude vor ge ol nlgvord ow lglovw W-boned 
has ;otuiet Inimeeds bea geiauloy « of toheq 
insree baav~grdl o dguontt ow pnrepwle svi 
e-iqed ‘oi vd beonher mood bed jtiemecemtqat 
fan hesholwordoe wea ,yosteoqe hint simpab of 
tint? Yo goltetrtest bes nolees*noo ofidey o sbent 
: fig 
puhinoh ylrwied ers etuptestorT ot delat 
Din soirtodg: Siribewiros oly . Rovwted “pine B. , 
aft Teale joxusq tdb gnizivbe baw gaitmsilqque 
vt oO wef eter “ew nome Fo t4berds 
aie nine? Ww yrh oft {Ser (wal Yo dipe : 
i tt Saye Lrrertep eiottotoiv: ailT - amorggr: ny fese : 
wie old Yo 14 4odt boburnsh bat reroqent —— 
soured aoxe® adi Jobs ted dole baa | 
wl at Aselo"o ows todA = sondioh bod # boatwiot 
mot amgot-awot silt Yo guibindmod se gaimom 
-wollet oil wiv-olt tehub ban oid ody 


_ 
- 


a. 


ol af dened o bersalts bal buslhoivd to oduth ” 
=e bal bag foyilossnorued oY mbes wes ; 
poor aif dvi avbie ie nO eitaqmtey oi bobnitor ©" 


i) 
: y 
ae fF 


EXILED CLERGYMEN. 285 


the town was stormed from the Kleinseite, in a most 
furious manner, at about eight o’clock of the 25th 
of May. When the Saxons saw this, they de- 
manded a truce, to which the Duke agreed, and 
they safely withdrew with their baggage. 

“ The Evangelical clergy were now in imminent 


peril, both on account of the hatred and menaces of 


the Papists, and on account of the soldiers. Con- 
sidering it unjust to seek their own safety in this 
.ommon danger, by a cowardly flight, they resolved 
o await with resignation, in the Salvator-church, 
vhatever God might decree for them, whether it 
hould be life or death. Hither, then, went first Mar- 
ini, Hertwicz, and Storch, the others followed, and 
hey were joined by several laymen; so that in a 
hort time the number was not inconsiderable. In 
his communion they consoled one another, applied 
sriptural passages to practical life, conversed on the 
1utable destiny of the cnurch, and prayed to God on 
1eir knees, fervently supplicating mercy for the Re- 
eemer’s sake, and for divine assistance in this emer- 
ency; and thus they regained some degree of 
reneth. Several hours were passed in this manuer, 
hen suddenly a shout and a knocking at the gate 
ere heard. The people from without threatened to 
rce the doors, and with great tumult called upon 
e Administrator to surrender the keys of the prin- 
pal church, and give an account with the rest of the 
orev. Lhe Administrator, with Hertwicz and 
hers, then came out of the temple to the principal 
ite; but they had searcely reached half the distance, 
jen the doors were burst open both on the east 
id south sides. The excited Jesuit students then 
ished in, armed with sabres, daggers, guns, 


can fae a: OSA 


oa diab eel here ce A ke ma aa a Tk 


en a nea Ne nse et olka canna 


a rn 


ssieya af aula 8 ont snr ole BAW tw 
«bat att to Adoln'o lai to porate FiO 
oh gould qolult wae enoza@. odin TeL lh Yo 
vl bowrge etluG sda douln of. 5 bolum 
_ Sgeaped sinds slyive see ann, ey outs 
ni. won sty ygwilo 
— Fyonmens bas besudodi te invgega a0 ited elivaq 
«ny.) swihloz adi to jawoope oo his zseiqa'T onl 
als of ytdlne cevro tiods done of, deni st gaitobn 
halogen yors tilgit dbsawas avd savannah aomune, 
dlentalo-tesuvleS alt at aot hiv siews © 
Hosetiedy .oodt wi oxmab =. boU tovatuly 
“vold devi inom cod reid alteab yo slil od bluor 
bys bowoliel exuiio ass dowtt baa xofwtH jai 
@ of tult v8 ;aoorgel imevge yd bonito], stow yod 
WL aidobisaosn! ton. seer eden mt sorta trod 
boilygn avitons vso beloeno godt moimrmumos eid 
wilt ie Toerovimo sid lavctasny of evgueeaq lmuntqix = 
00 bol) ob bowing haa down ods to yotiesh aldotut 
7 ea  .eooard tion 
apmtry gist? ii oouesaiecs entvib s ‘ban ose ergy 
Yo soryel etoe banicyn godt eda be 7 Yours 
feptins <1 of eng oe? eo iersved  .drgaot 
ying odd te padvond # has swore » zlaobhue sod 
papi seodtiv mott olqoag off ~ biwal oy * 
tiderod SHOT toob alt 
“atm a's Ae “i watt , 

; tiw tnouDs louis Leg 
Feyers soimrell dai 2 SAT yg a 
—- mt of ols? sd1 te fire sien ‘oils = 

samitetl call tlisl bdonyt yloone gh er zo 
iets alt go diod igo tetud wesor BtoOb gilt save es 
goals soon wuerl botiszo olT diver by 


Fas enti tl 


286 SECOND EXPULSION 


bludgeons, and other weapons. With these they 
made the attack, knocking down some of. the 
clergy, and tearing the clothes from their backs. 
Among the first that entered was the priest, Jolin 
Bohm, who seized the Administrator, and com- 
manded him and the other ministers to return to 
the church, whence they were afterwards taken to 
the town-hall. The uproar was great; but the 
Protestants endeavoured to appease the excited 
multitude with conciliatory words, and cautioned 
them against violent deeds. Alas, what a change! 
Those who, but an hour ago, spoke of Christian 
liberty, were now led away captive! They crossed 
the market-place, escorted by armed men, the priest 
Bohm preceding them like a beadle. 

“ The opinions of the assembled crowds were ex- 
tremely various. Some encouraged their ministers 
to stand firm, and make a public confession in the 
name of the Lord; to give their faithful testimony 
to the divine truth, and to confirm now by deed what 
they had hitherto preached in word. Others scorn- 
fully laughed at the trouble of these distressed men. 
When arrived at their place of destination, the 
ministers knelt down, repeating the Lord’s prayer, 
and then they sangahymn. Scarcely was this done, 
when Jacob Jacobides of St. Martini, and Tobias 
Adalbert, M. A. of St. Clemens, were also brought 
to the prison. The former had been arrested in the 


medical college, whither he had gone on a visit half 


an hour previously, trom the Salvator-church ; and 
the latter was taken in the parsonage. In the 
mean time the priests, with whole troops of Jesuit 
students, were running about in the colleges, 
parsonages, and other houses, seizing and sealing 


ora var sided Si aati 


Koreivexa ecome gt - 
yl sent iT? ampere mio bw prosghald” ~~ * « 
ad? Yo ome wel ‘yaisomt toes off she © @oo~ 
édvod tials set eadioly ods vattest hee gyuls ~~ : 
idol eter ou cow borstns tod srt ot yoomA = 
mu) hee fotmichob A off bei ode lt” a 
ot arvertyt ot gb meta vatito sot bow anid beste 
omersaii ¢ wow yout eater dotuidly oft 
wit ted : terrg exo towrqe odT  Tialearerot art? 
nize wit mexiqe  berwotesbus etnatetotl 
Sendijoas la etriow yroteilisaes Ate obatitfuer 
feginds o aohw wilé eloab tortoi® Sttiags anoddd 
neeral) to saoqe Jog witod no td ade seed? 

Wear yot? lavinqas yews bel won erew piradil 
mol oils moan dworen Yl hoot souly-todynar odd 

sihoed o odif mods gaiboowty anlsd 
-20 ow? shwow belilinscer oat Io enoieiqa afT 
etajelnion tilt lergetnoons sar08 auch 
wilt ci comeinoy oiltuq @ saan how eh lone oF 
dawimitest [edtiel tiedy vip of pial sd? Yo son 
dma look yd wae weitues a9 bas ied snivih oft ot > 
ano edi gow ui beizacry onwliid bud yodt =” 
arin boewatb gmods Yo oldisott od? in Dadgual yligi 
ot ,nwoitanitesh Yo aonly welt te levieen oe WT 
rom 2 ved edt goitexyt ,nwob tloed eotviniar 
Youd edt er yloomoe cored # gese yall world bas 
snitloT in’ anim 02 Yo eabidesab dont nodw . 
itevord ole stow anormal’) 28 Yo AM goodiebA 


olt ni ya bed tard oT ost olor 
Void ainiy @ peeled ety Cote” | 
say oak wqoscemg Git ni oda eave wattal oily 
tives! to eqoors dit zteving odd oenit appt © 


ee ut yivw i 
. in aha tall tes het Sao iets 


OF THE CLERGYMEN. 287 


every thing that belonged to the Protestants. At 
the same time, John Lippe, M. A., chancellor of the 
university, and secretary of the consistory, with two 
other clergymen, were also arrested. As the 
windows of the prison in front of the market-place, 
were always crowded by people who wished 
once more to see the countenances of their pastors, 
or to hear their voice in prayer, the prisoners were 
removed to another part of the town-hall. Their 
wives and children were permitted to visit them, 
but not allowed to give them any writing 
materials. Of the hardships of such a lot, and 
the grievous condition of these pious men, every 
one will be able to judge who has the least idea of the 
inherent malignity, always subsisting in the minds 
of Papists towards Protestants, when they possess 
the uncontrolled power of exhibiting it. Many 
predicted to these unfortunate men, scourging, the 
stake, the sword, and the halter, while very few 
spoke consolingly either of safety, liberty, or life. 
‘There was not one monastic order in the whole town, 
which did not come to witness the scene, and pass 
judgment on the prisoners. Johann Hajek, who 
formerly belonged to the order of the ‘ brothers 
of charity,’ but had become a Protestant and a 
minister, was, notwithstanding the intercession o 
the other clergy, thrown into the Bishop’s prison.* 

On the 28th, Nicolas Dionysius, the conductor of the 
church music, who had voluntarily joined the mini- 
sters, was removed to the underground dungeons, 
but the others were adjudged to be the prisoners 
of the Emperor, and not of the Cardinal. On the 


* Similar to the Lollard’s tower in the archiepiscopal palace at 
Lambeth. 


vee MAeORTAD at xo er 
- << 
tA etuurteotenh oft ot beguoled sake gnidy vers 
ail to nofloonnde 4 Df ogni mdol ontit corse gly 
win? debe .yvotelanos sult tu yontenes tans Uytiensviay . 
of eA Jwkons ofp oe veeryguls mde ; 
anly-dodaem ot to sagt al mostrar YW evobaby 
hota ode siqneg 0 bybwem ayawle grow 


eTolasy vied? lo sencvestiien of? ose of stont somo 


siw enneettq sit stir mb ootoy ctisilt iad of 40 
vied = dtasl-ewor sult to. tung asrliorta~ ot bsvowrgt 
tio tiv ot beinreg stew wecblido bre svivw 
gottiow ven colt svig oF bewalle tor jad 
bun gals dove lo aqideleml pile VO” slenstan 
“ve yom anoiq sestit to nonin euorsirg oft 
wilt to eobi seul odt end euler oghel ongidasd Uw suo 
ebnio off of yoinietoa egewle Qaingiient Motodal 
resnsocy yest? auilw> stanton eletuwor eriqed Yo 
qn at gattididize ty toweq hallowmoxay gilt 
ail Srikpwece Hoi siesta weslt ot batoibyn, 
waht wey ality yotiet ot bad bugs silt pda 
Ail 1 yetedil yistee TH rorlaio -zlonifoaros vdoge 
trvot dlastw al! otavdto 9ieeaemn ue 100 ea oral’) 
eeny bie Siece olt antiga of ems deur bib dotde 
ove doje ooedol  .zisroalag elt ne ieoarghny 
stuliond* git Yo whi alt of bagoolsd ylourdt 
2 ban dautentord 2 sccoaed bath sad ‘oqthiails to 
Yo smoiazaemtat oils snibunieltiwion ani proteins 
*doarpa’ oils oti mvaath yg ly todto old 
ail to oils euieynoid ealesix whe? oilt oO 
-lghan = ‘Uiusucloy bat ory steam dodo 
ANON fi mls Gt tsveumer aow prota 


old oO deailees’d out Yo som bins. ro mngnesel ailt Yo 


i vlog Inqaueiqaidtzan a1 eh eg i et 


asnoxty wisi oF boghujhe orow evil ols turd ey 
x ’ 


| ae 


288 SECOND EXPULSION 


next day, an order arrived, that each prisoner should 
sign his name, and be prepared for a decision as 
soon as the church property should be restored. 
Towards the evening of the 30th, being the first day 
of Pentecost, instructions were given that the wives 
and children of the prisoners should appear in thic 
town-hall; and on the following morning the {m- 
perial Judge called the ministers before the Decem- 
virate, and addressing them in a friendly manner, 
related what the Duke of Friedland had determined 
respecting them ; which was that they should leave 
Prague, with their families and all their property, 
on that same day, as soon as the cavalry, appointed 
for their safe conduct, should arrive. It behoyed 
them, therefore, as soon as possible, to arrange the 
best means for their departure. If any of them 
could not at present take their property with them, 
they might entrust the same to some friend or 
relative, until they had a fitting opportunity to re- 
move it. They expressed their thanks for this 
information, and the property of the Administrator, 
and the Secretary, being sealed up in the Caroline 
college, they went thither, removed the Jesuits’ 
seal, and shewed what things in the library and 
printing-ofhice belonged to them as private indivi- 
duals. 

“ While the minds of the clergymen were thus in 
an unsettled, disturbed, and anxious state, a voice 
exclaimed: ‘ The time for departure has arrived.’ 
The Imperial Judge then read off their names 
from a paper, and also those of their wives, cliil- 
dren, and domestics, in the order whercin they 
were to depart. There was scarcely time allowed 
them to take their cloaks, for immediately, aud in 


— 


i 


. wo 
(slorile ennatag lomo dtl soricacalatees — 
ot: ee eer eS gig 
Jone 4d bende yreyor doredy od? es noon. | 
wich gedit alt qaivd 108 ald to aainavs oitebsawoT i 
wrtia off yniir mevty svav enolioeten! deqoatesl to: 
off? sian bloods eremoing orlt bo stonblide hom, 


=—ful wilt ericrom yotvrolld) od sto bes -liad-awad 


onic) ott ondted sretettion ot? hotles oghw'l Lateq 
eum Whaokd « at meds gateyrhbe has tmir 
logtorwids bel haalberT % odvtl-olt tad boialos 
ermh Liners yoda indr ecw doidw 5 eede qeitsaqest 

2 eapaey tot? Uhr bert zviticnd sheile ihiw eigen 
lecuitagye aydavan: ofl? ea cove en yu Matee tert mo 
Jevvonbud af Verena biveuwe dou lion Shaw tiodd 10h 
udt counrie-of oldiavor ee nove at. sretyrdt mous 
innit to err WY omrhtaqab viedt adieansnr dead 
Lanott div wirseotg tiods 94e7 sageeng 26 ton bluos 

1 Too emee at sine dlp textes hilgtu vod 
“1 al Vimo pai » bed godt Togs .ovitales 
cult tel ednolt tied? boeestgxo yod? ai evom - 
jvtevteirinthdk adi lo yrwqory oda bee woaanolai 
vastness ei eo holm gated pruatstosd ody bus 
‘etivel silt boven todd jew yor pslics 
ino redid ot at eyritlt sade hewsde hue feos 
-iribet oeving? ee tort os begeclenl oe 


cri cdl arorer meanerspgaois orks AE eps og al 
wit ink avez bas ,bodtateth baleen an. 
kibligds. — nara aot omit ofF +. ens 
eter om boot cls spiel Inteqatl ¢ 

slits yeortw shel Yoseods cals Dua ,oqeq & 

geile wiotschee wolere alt. i pohr—agein “oh a ay 


Temalar gents aie ares 
& how vlotaibsenati tat le 


LE RE OPO 


EPA DY RONNIE /. F 


OF THE CLERGYMEN. 2RO 


- the order in which their names were called, they had 


to descend from the town-hall, leaving, for the pre- 
sent, all their property, and to depart on foot, 
escorted by the cavalry across the bridge to the 
Kleinseite, and up the Hradschin. That day they 
walked to Welwarn, and the day after to Doxan, six 
miles from Prague, where the Saxon army lay. 
There they were joined by a detachment of the 
Electoral cavalry, who safely conducted them to 
Leitmeritz. 

On occasion of this departure, General Gallas, 
field-marshal in the imperial army, gave a fine 
example of humanity. He saw from the palace this 
degrading treatment of the Protestant clergy, and 
surprised at the barbarity of the Prague authorities, 
sent his own carriage, drawn by six of the finest 
horses, after the wanderers, and thus eased the 
burden of their melancholy journey. Nor did his 
horsemen, who were sent as guards, fail to give the 
prisoners all possible marks of friendship. They 
rode slowly, and even lent them their horses. 

Matthew Janda overtook his advanced colleagues 
at Welwarn. Rosacius, Algin, Rzimsky, and others, 
had previously gone with the electoral troops. Prom 
various towns and villages in the neighbourhood 
more than fifty clergymen, who had been dismissed 
or expelled from their parishes, also tled from the 
country in the desolation of war. 

In the above-cited work of the contemporary and 
fellow-sufferer Jacobai, he thus addresses the Pro- 
testant Princes, Gustavus Adolphus, John George, 
and others. “It is to you the Bohemians, that 
most unhappy people, are crying ; upon you, fellow- 
believers, they have, next to God, placed thei liopes. 

VOL. II. U 


iecrar Staal 


nee 
ane HIUTONMO ANT TO |} ae 
bul yoke civailes oon extrem indy distil vibrato edd + 
“rt alt vet wyuivos! flod-nvret od) trot hago ot 
Hood ae. tye os bun wonigony steel Ha” dae 
2 of ogbind oda eros vole odd td betosas 
ott yal tndT  niddoelhakl adiapy bes jstionatell 
zie amo ul sof yal ort beta ,turrioW 6% hodlaw 
=A tire wore alt arsihy sirgurt ott asiios 
to woculoseh oul bywliel ow yodd oT . 
a gah lotsubeoo yletss othw ypileves Letotosl 
; : ssikesnrtigl 
él twine emrtingab: aide Jo aoisnose tO 
oni ss sveg. ,yere Jnitagint od wil hulewnrcbiea : 
aiilt somkny ott mont wae oll orth Io elqutmrs =. 
hon owl Jacenerd adi to sagentgod uaibergeb, 
oltivodinn are ot to -yinsdundoilt ye beehrqtse * 
test ott We zie ed tanb oystries wwe ell ane 
wilt bees cod) hes ersobow eit odte jesetod 
sul bil 10%. -reetna; yielonnlemn tind Ww nolraid 
wht ovig ad lidh 2hsamy 2a tue ow adw .camoetod 
wd .qidebavitl Io stadt” eldiewan te @rotoatt - 
reo) tieilt cscs dol nes beng Chole vier 
rargeoties boonerbn aid doorova ebual wodtteM 
“mtg bas dlewieh nbgth wuriomefl arnhewloW ae a 
‘ier aot Merotealy oils daive artery yletoivetq bal 
homtinodbgine old at eogalliv baw enwet enoimy 
Tomstpath stood bert ody ouayyils yt neds svom = _ . 
a mort bab owls. psileivay rinds mod tallagzs 10 
~— ta lo. toitudoasb od ai yratu09 
ban scunoqerataos ails to stow. botte-svode-sdlt at 
“1'F ont. eotaonbhon anilt wil jiidosut, rotiAve-wollst 
crn) mol amilylohs. covetutd anniv suvtaay 
= euniiraiotl sit woy of ai abe etilie baw 
~wollol voy soge PRONE 916 elqood yyyadany om 
cenjod! ‘tiedls beagig .bot dos mabiored etovelled 
lh OV 


wu 


290 INVASION OF 


Once more do numerous banished clergymen, and 
god-fearing officials place themselves and their 
flocks before your throne. The many thousand 
souls that have lately been brought to a knowledue 
of divine truth, by means of the holy Gospel, are 
now wandering through forests and mountains, ini! 
in foreign parts, like so many scattered sheep: 
and several hundred emigrants, who returned to 
their native country under your protection, have 
been seized in the late combat at Prague, and are 
all in most imminent peril.” 

As the Protestants of Prague had, for a short 
time, enjoyed happiness and comfort, under pro- 
tection of the arms of Protestant Princes, so it 
happened with those of other places. Even in 16:3: 
at Leippa, where many Protestants were yet resi 
ing, they ventured to appoint Martin Pelmer. who 
lived in exile at Zittau, as their minister. But he was 
tolerated only during the space of ten weeks. And 
when the Popish priests had departed in the time of 
war and pestilence, Friedland, in 1634, again had 
a Lutheran minister, whose successor was obliged 
to quit in the struggles of 1649. We will elucidate 
these circumstances by a few examples taken from 
Ehrhard’s Silesian Presbyterology. 

In the town of Glogau the Lieutenant-General 
Armheim, who, in 1632, restored the Lutheran 
worship throughout the principality, put the Pro- 
testants once more in possession of the Ht. Nicolai 


> 
d, 
| 
Ves 


parish church, and appointed Erasmus Willich as 
minister. Many who had fled to Poland in 1625, 
returned, and the citizens, hitherto considered Ca- 
tholics, began again to sing Evangelical hymns in 

= ; Qt sr > 
their churches. On the 19th of September, the 


MASE BEEBE ile 8 tek) a ot he 


To morsAvMT ee 
hor senengrly botkinad esowetsm ob “etn cb _ : 
att hon sorted? only alee 
ih poe _— wT were Pine. 


a 


*iieey syvsitietomi Soom ari Lis 

rinle Grol ial avenT Io atnctedotl lt 4A 
<1) whan aietaon bre suiqqnl hago eats ; 7 
Hh o4 sone) sneteoinrd io core sat Vo moive : 
Ae) oh wel aosaiq raise to sacl tar hensqqad 
sheet ey maw etockstorl youn oode oqgianl te 
adr conker tniaqys ot bewiasy tsdt got 
=o al vatention sion ee eotgiX 19 oltze wi bsvil 
bits 2dagm wor do song: alt guith giao betarolos 
jo omit Ola nb borage bail astevizg daiqad al ciw ~ 
jaul ningn. Mint baalbind oonialiseog hee mw 
lovihle 2g nosegoou ody potato credit 2 
auhintls Thy ol QM Yo ealeguctte alld i tues 
moet oda eolgmozs wot o rl eoonateonioi sect 

ergolor yds) aaieali® ebb | 
lovngt)-tinatieid oli vevolD lo mwoiedt al ~ 
ieralind ol) bowers: L601 oi odw .miodath 7 


rE oilt taney edibineptoetiney ns suortguols qiderow 
indostZ tot Jo noikeoog ni ove soo 
ee yi eon botcioggs bas ae at. 
Pot ai barlel ct bolt bad oda qoolh 

<0) bersbianossevmilttd amositio ot baw 


al step! Invilopnerh gaie ot siege amped gail 
wht aodaniqoS. ta Gods oO _ 29d 


— A + ew ne nie A 


THE SWEDES. 291 


‘chaplain Strahl delivered an Evangelical sermon 
in the parish church of Glogau, and another 
minister celebrated the Lord’s supper after the 
Protestant manner. The Saxons who had also 
conquered Sprettau, restored Evangelical worship 
tOrait and “an Grunberg, they recalled the ban- 
ished preacher, John Nippe, from Saxony. But 
this did not last long, for in 1634, the commissioner, 
Count Oppersdorf, began again at Glogau to restrain 
the religious liberty enjoyed by the people, de- 
manded the dismissal of their Evangelical ministers, 
and the restoration of the church to the Romanists. 

When, in 1639, the Swedes returned from Pome- 
rania to Silesia, under Torstensohn, some country 
towns of Glogau, again obtained their religious 
freedom. The Catholics of Grinberg gave up the 
parish church, from fear of this hero, and under 
Swedish protection, the Lutherans obtained three 
Protestant ministers. At this time there were in 
-Bohemia 40,000 Swedes under Banner. Balbin 
states, that the common people of the Evangelical 
party imagined this war to have been carried on for 
them, and for the recall of the emigrated heretics ; 
and Pelzel declares, that the Field-marshal himself 
caused the people of the whole country to be informed, 
that he had come to protect the Protestant Bohemians 
against the Romanists. He also prohibited his 
troops, under pain of death, from injuring the for- 
mer in the slightest degree. The Swedes, at that 
time, laid waste the whole kingdom without restraint, 
and treated the Popish clergy little better, ‘ per- 
haps,’ than the Catholic soldiers had used the 
Protestant ministers in 1621.“ Perhaps,” Pelzel 
adds, “this and other crueltics against the clergy 

u-2 


_ an : 
rae eadawe wT. Ss 
roattos tnoitogney ne hewwilab {dir niaiqedo « 
roles hea tazel Yo deaniy deteq oft af : 
wld wetie toqqne iro dt baomtdalso ‘totsinior 
ome bed oder enoze® of f+ Aonnant dontantort : 
@qhiiow fnsiloyacva brtotert sien teh 
stmt_edt bollwer volt din ag baa’; 
Fe oriors® nweit aqgivt aitel 5 seach poe 
Asndiecienidy ott LBNL al tet sowol raf tow bib ail 
ftinviés7 or ungold) 38 alags aimgytl ArobemqqO tavoD 
“oh .slqooq alt yd bozojte eiredil eworgilor ot 
_ deasrigie looilogney’ vied lo Tigainai odt Dobaam : 
éistandtoll silt ot sleimilo att Yo aoitimotesr orlt baw 
-sMnoF aromt hartnniot sebowl otlt ,RGOT ui aod W ' 
TuNNOS oxte2 jrloaneteroT tohite Aiea Oo) winst | 
enorailor sisdy fiagietde ritiegn cargoth) Yo exvwot ) 
ott qe Sag pita 16 eilodin) sfT .mobeait | 
sohie huse oval atl? Yo ved) eet) fowrds deioqg 
sos batinide enstailinld od} oltetorg fathowS | 
ai orew writly Sotiy atrly-i/. ~ evetsini toajetord 
ride! .tonantl asbinr edlow® O00,OP nimodof- 
IsgilogeoyvS quilt Yo olqoaq somtimes vil! tort eotate 
vt 10 bstrims cond gvad of tiv sid) Dontgemi yriuq 
;eitornl Hotergion silt Yo Hnoet ody vel has odd . 
Pozi tmfemer-bhoirl oilt dedt extehoo’ foxteT base 
cbonruibul sod ¢tciu09 slow ods Yo siqosq old boemas 
aanissloel taatestorT odd q ob otno>. aes oil toda i. 
ai botididony cela otf ail taigge 
-a6t alt — dias <A aa age ol aqoont . 
pe a 
beasts piers oonid | 
* yrottest obiiil 9 daiqot ay foteow has 
a a aie wevihlor oiloiite’) ody anit ‘aqui | 


hashoT "aqnilest 2800 at eration 
eyrals off nen soils beta ee 


292 RENEWED PERSECUTIONS. 


may have been perpetrated by the banished Bo- 
hemians, several thousands of whom vere serving 
in the Swedish army. In 1644, when Torstensohn. 
and afterwards Wrangel, were stationed in Bohemia, 
the military chaplains celebrated the communion 
‘sub utraque, so that the Bohemians could also 
partake thereof.”’ 

“ They first acknowledged their sins, to these 
clergymen,” says Holyk, ‘“ bewailing their misery 
and apostacy with great anguish of mind. Then 
they devoutly took the holy sacrament in both forms, 
and even the Swedish soldiers were surprised at the 
large number of Lutherans yet in Bohemia, and at 
the great zeal displayed by them. I have been in- 
formed of this lately by some Swedes. On one ocea- 
sion fifteen evangelical ministers were engaged for 
three days and nights in absolving the penitcut 
Bohemians, and in distributing the Lord’s supper 
under both forms. 

* But this liberty did not continue very long; 
the Bohemians have always been unhappy in 
that respect. For when the Swedes were gone, tlic 
anti-reformation was carried on with greater scvcrity 
than ever by the Jesuits, who upon recommencing 
their office, caused great numbers of the people to 
assemble, and asked them whether they were Roman 
Catholics? They did not however believe the 
people, although they answered in the aihirmative ; 
but the oldest of them had to approach the Jesuit, 
who then required him to repeat the Lord’s prayer. 
If in doing so, they from habit, repeated the last 
words: “ for thine is the kingdom,” Ke., the Jesuit 
would exclaim, “ You rogue, you heretic! what 
have you to do with ‘the kingdom; we kuow 


ee 
eorrpymaAa? aavanan * a 


AA denbeictul ost yd beaertaqen]. road. comb yeas 
aaa vor vodw to eboveindle lemver enanaed 


ee 


yderylotl wi Lonvitets soe degen abueeite bre 
enon alt lotundeles enlolqals. yrmilian oul 
rele ddeuy sonierodoGl silt teat on “enya dae’ 
<a " jortads odastag 
newt) os tie Yiedt beehalwoades perit yolT * 
pets code gquilianed. “. alyloll eva “Jaomrygials 
yell. deen te ibieges testa (iw yooteogs bar 
fury taltorl ob temurione ylotl ats doa ylmorab yous 
al) 26 loshin sow evolbloe dethaws ont coro bas 
iy tute pido ai 457 eneiland to-do opel 
4 toot evel 1 edi qd heyolqeth Lew aanrg oslo 
won oon ashowe oinoe yd elatal it lo bene 
mm low vhw. edteiuint Jevileginve nada cole 
Wifey ml yttvloads si erdgin tan epab seals 
mygieelrot wht gotetivedh wi han ansinodoll 
“aial ve alicveos tom Bih eredil sili iil ™. 
wi cqqaihog wend aywile syed. emtenselod. alt 
wl eon oo” slows oli aulweroT avoqest tods 
Tire tener iw ue bebriss een woltcartrt-igag 
NoOOe Sogn ow atineol walt yd aove cnufd 
2 alcfooy od to sridatia daoTy bee voile abode 
wiattdd over ails wilted protl) bodes bar aldara 
mii availed gavevod. tow bib yodT =f evilodtaD 
reaenitiq ob ni borowers yods dpealtte otyoog 
ie sla ahgmarges oF buedt mvailt Ye seobio old sud 
tieng <td git anoqes of atid beinper auds os 
teal ot bopaeyer sided snot yoit woe widok ai Ul 
Hae’ onlt ok“ sammulye oil ould at anialt wok: ebro 
tlw loom, oy auyon wot ",avlalone dilwow 
wed oo *: mobyaict odd) ibiv ob ot yoy aver, 


RENEWED PERSECUTIONS. 293 


very well that it belongs to him alone. Now, we 
can see, that you have again been with the heretics ; 
from them you have learned the heretical Lord’s 
prayer. We do not say the words: ‘ for thine is 
the kingdom,’ because they are not in our Bible, 
which is however correct and not false. But yours 
is a corrupt Bible, wherein the words are thus 
printed.” Those who would not acknowledge them- 
selves Romanists, nor promise to confess their sins, 
privately, to the Jesuits, were taken before the 
Governor, who had them shackled, and then 
dragged to prison. Some they led about, asa show, 
from house to house, while the children (by an 
arrangement of the Inquisitor) followed them with 
great noise and tumult. When at length they were 
compelled to make a confession in the prison, the 
Jesuits immediately placed a wafer, previously con- 
secrated, in the prisoner's mouth, and repeated 
certain Latin words, which the simple people could 
not understand. After the Latin blessing, they 
would say to the people, ‘* Now you will go to the 
devil, if you do not adhere to the confession just 
made, and on which you have received this wafer.” 

“ In this manner they treated young and old, both 
in towns and villages, who were forced to submit to 
their reformation. Such experience was made by 
myself, when scarcely cleven years old, with upwards 
of one hundred other boys. [I was obliged to go to 
Prague with the Jesuits, who placed me in the semi- 
nary, as they call it, where I remained upwards of 
six years, and learned their religion. During my 
stay there, I was also obliged, at least twice in each 
month, to make a confession, and take the holy 
sacrament according to the Roman Church. At 


£ue mnoruosens) aww 6 * 
aw wot atole inid ot egaoled W padt erg 4 
; ashton oily dlitw ood sieges awed goy ted ops sity’ ! ee 
“lin! luaitsied -ult boawel ovad oo¢ molt moi © 
et onllt wit + :chiow ail? yee ton ob s¥7 aay 
aldil wo oF 109 ste yoult bemmenl “nohgaidods 
way ted oel)/t seat Hien dourraa weood ef dlatdhee 
=siill) ww «nov silt nimodw sliifl nyrco a 
«tials ogtalvendos ton blower adleaaod'T “besten 
erie sind? eedidon er selon wn eeiceaioh evvie 
ott voled oedet enw wohl odd of eelonving 
nolt fave boldonde medt bed ww somtsrot) 
weule wal Sods hel pedis! — coving af haggeth 7 
uw yd). asvblide odd olidw jad Gt acne arort : 
iltiw rvodt Dovolldi (votidiupal oft Wo Jesmogagrie. 
crn youd slrgaol 30 cok Wf alemeett Row daiog terry | 
oil desing oil) nt anoiaedioos sodden oF ballogenmes 
-1oy Wianorny salew # beorley vlatolbeoment etivesl, 
letnoqet hae linear evSrosttqy wilt a) .bonewee - 
hives alqesq oly oil) toilw hier wital wists ~ 
qa sgaieeald atl oft iA. lmemebus 250. . 
oily of og ftw aay wor elec oilt ws vor bluow: 
den) soizadiam silt of etedbe ton oh oor te Jivaly 
“ite ey bavioonn ovad tie elpictve ano Dire bent 
(hod blo hae giuoy bone yoils tenmn eile * 4 : 
aot simdus a2 booted) cow odw eygulliv bar envot ni 
ql sham aw somviteqxe dove  sneitserler tisids, ay 
ebrewep iw Dheetusy noveloylognege wort oer 
ot vg oF cow t syod ratte bothwad win te . 
imo oilt ai wer bioonly oslye ativvaot oat tin surged : 
Ye pt mde tt Haw yet an yyeme | 
cm pea. vial) bonratal free yenoy ata 
foun wk soiwk naan bngitlo cole sum Biahadld ame so 
Got od? oat hee noi a ude online 8 = *. 
ih dol coed ot od petinoesn tomes 


294 RENEWED PERSECUTIONS. 


last I renounced the study of rhetoric, and would 


no longer remain with them, but joined the order of 


the Dominicans, until I left them altogether.” 

“ But there were many old people both of hieh 
and low condition, who resisted them, and would 
not be forced to renounce their religion, cither bv 


tyranny, fines, or imprisonment. Some of these 


emigrated ; but others, though detained in custody, 
neither transgressed the commandments of God, nor 
spake against his holy word.” 

Having thus noticed the changes in Bohemia 
occasioned by the invasions of the Saxons and 
the Swedes, we return to the year 1631, for the 
purpose of describing further steps of the Romanists 
towards the yet incomplete suppression of Protcs- 
tantism ; and the continued emigration of the pco- 
ple to escape from the power of their oppressors. 


* At alater period Holyk lived in Zittau, Wittemberg, and even 
in Sweden, where he wrote an account of the events of his time. 


a ee lane 


:  SKOIrIIaeTaS met. on 
linow dite sabvotads to vhote Fre hoomuonat I teal 
ty audere ait howtoy dud etreaylt nivieaot 19ga0l on- 
*eubtypoila eats tel L lite einanieimneC, ott, 
tahl oe died olqosq blo yanar wow swudd tal” 
thar bon ml) boreien of ,moithaos wol. bow 
pan ently diompilas viol seawonat oF baordt ed son 
wt To site = JoominoRtiqm mw emit oramerys 
eebeteire wt Lowentat Sgro 2tuilte amd ; botergiars 
‘wait tut) Jo zimomhanmimos silt boserrpeansd redtion 
“shrew ylod wil seminge odnqa 
Bittle ni evgasdo odz byvitoa aud oH 
Init -oze% sili to anoienvai edt a 
vili Wh EOE tney highs rttish ov prac od 
ailaieeo st atl} to aqate wadiu yaidrmesb lo Seoqing 
—atOrL be septargiyg tra. solqarogal ails. ehrsyros 
“iy ot Yu mohetgine bonsitnos oft bee ; meitant 
eroczenqqo todd to = oil axort oqnaes of lq 


nv Hien aired .waiaid ui ‘bortl Hh hoiteg roiake bd 
Said sid Vy Sars oda sree Sao aoe 


i rf reli, is ae = 


gual - 
w = an a 2) Vane 
j i — | 7 rile 
é 7 i 40a PS.) at VA 
7 ty a 
7. _ i 
} = = > 
me Ai j iae ut Le 
-“» © da 


~v aa ad HGS /P@ eoalete 


‘ 


CHAPTER IX. 


ACCESSION OF FERDINAND III.—CONTINUED PERSE- 
CUTIQN OF THE PROTESTANTS—SUFFERINGS OF 
FATHER AMBROSIUS—OF FATHER DIETEL—OF THE 
HISTORIAN HOLYK—DEPLORABLE CONDITION OF 
BOHEMIA—RENEWED EMIGRATIONS—TREATMENT 
OF THE PROTESTANTS OF SALZBURG —PROCEED- 
INGS IN KONIGINGRATZ. 


Our information regarding the events which 
took place after 1631, is exceedingly scanty; the 
same complaint is made by Elsner, who, in his 
preface to the German edition of the “ Book of 
Persecutions,’ says :—‘‘ Bohemia, after 1632, 
probably enjoyed some peace and rest, because her 
enemies fancied the gospel to have been extirpated, 
and that she had become entirely Catholic. For 
the secret Protestants kept themselves so concealed, 
that they could scarcely be known; and as they 
complied with outward ceremonies, in order to re- 
main undiscovered and uninjured, and ceased to 
emigrate, they became less and less suspected.” 

One of the more remarkable years of that period 
is 1634, when, on the Ist of August, the Prague 
Convention was concluded, according to which the 
Restitution-Edict of 1629 became so tar restricted, 
that the Protestants were allowed to retain posses- 
sion of those ecclesiastical estates, which they had 
held previously to the year 1627, and to have the 
free exercise of their religion in the German realm. 
But, alas! this did not include the hereditary states 
of the Emperor, and consequently was not appli- 
cable to Bohemia. The aflairs of the Protestants 


x) 9aTIANS 


-J8RE? GSUMITAOS-—11t Canad FO Kowes IIA 
20 4OKIATT eee Tea rors GRY 1Q worTDD ' 
OWT YO= JS TAG ARSTAY (O—etIRO MMA RANTAD 


<==90 YOITIC~Oo aewOTIRO~WYOR MAINOTEIH 


TOUTS —aeAMOnes «Ora edN—-~resioe 
“U1U90K4 — ONGEMIAA “YO aTvarestronm: air 4«o 
STAADKMIOIOOR WI Ove 


Houle suave off geibwyst moiemrdiat avO 
ott 7 yinane yaniiedors et TC withe eanly doot 


oil nt old pow yd olen a tailulymoy onmme_ 


Yo Holl * oil lo golile mingmkd Gd} 01 andlony 
S60l wiia’ yelowile “—) eye “\nawiwosetaT 
iil sapnowdl deve bein sony sutoe byyogis yldadorg 
latapiine iow! rad of fsysog sila bein esiarsite 
wt aifode) ylesiine oatooed find ote tout bite 


elolenoney 06 2evivemodd tqstcuniastorT tories oft. 
youll 26 lew, ;mwoad od ylovmoe bli yolt todd. 


“m1 Of islte ni gsinomytss biewiwe iin boilymon 
Gt howe fw sbewjwiow bos. Dowvorihan ning 
“botongené esl bee bol oramvad youks »aungions 
boring tlt te exis, oldadieusst oom welt to on 
svon'l wilt lewpud lo sel old ao pxoidw EDL ef 
cal? ity ot eutifioss lolulones ee noitaxract) 
Ansoiiteor tit os ainnsod CLOT lo soibEcoiutiteosl 
~poeeon Lite OF Seowolle ere eteurteyter'l oft aad 
bol yodt doidw eters Sositesieuloge oaault Yo. woke 
of) oval of baw TEOT uy ode ob ylenuivorg blo 
soier doctwid oul oviyilor slat ty olrwss sot 
estate oil ot oboloui jou bib wilt | enfa sod 


“ilqyn ton enw elaaompoaioo baw voroqartl pdt Yo 
eiudeoto't wilt Yo erinlia oll aiametofl of okdso 


296 FERDINAND III. 


throughout continued to wear the same unfrvour- 
able aspect, until the 15th of February, 1637, when 
Ferdinand II. died. The question then arose, 
whether his son, Ferdinand IIf., would be as full 
of hatred and intolerance against every thing non- 
catholic, and suffer himself to be similarly governed 
by the clergy? “He certainly continued,” savs 
a modern writer on Bohemian affairs, *“ to proceed 
against the Protestants in the spirit of his paternal 
predecessor ; but he was not equally uniform re- 
specting those existing laws of the country, which 
excluded non-catholics from every benefit of levis- 
lation. At least Ferdinand thought it in some 
degree advisable to favour the affluent nobility be- 
cause he wished to prevent further emigrations. 
Thus, in 1643, he permitted the Lutheran Countess 
Burian Ladislaw of Waldstein, to appear at the 
royal table, without demanding a change of re- 
ligion.” But the following example from the first 
year’s reign of Ferdinand III, is of a different 
character. In the province of Glogau the newly 
elected administrator was a certain Poppscliutz, a 
Lutheran ; whereas several mandates of Perdimand. 
copied by Ehrhard, shew that Protestant noblemen 
were no longer entitled to hold appoimtments under 
government; and accordingly the Emperor an- 
nounces his displeasure, that this administratorship 
should have been given to a non-catholic. He 
further says, that it was of great importance to 
him, that such an office should be held by a 
Catholic subject, who, as he expresses himself, 
should be attached to “our religion.” And no 
doubt this applied to all Bohemia. 

In 1645 the Papal missionaries redoubled their 
activity, for which the predilection towards Utra- 


see el NR lh 


MBA taithni sarseoe 


ae verte 
CC a aes 


enovnien comme Git worn ot Beneitings edge 
wile Tht erste Ja AGT thaw tooqae olde 
yore aad? egiteooy wl b AL besaibrsl 


fib ee ob idiow , ELD teemaiieie noe cid 


enters crore feelage commode: bus bortad 


cme innlsonie ved at Monweeebal ~ bun vilodiao 
oan * ‘ droin is ti uire viuinrin oft" } vqwis- sult yd 


ley > erhlie vedio’ po. anitw arsbom # 
fouretoey ciel Yo tintkge oils wt eteomentor) gilt tentage 
ont winitive vtlwpe tot ete oda ;oesnsberg 
dsily orien silt To eval galgalige ofoids -gititseges 
il 1b Hare wera atoll wledane-ten hobuloze 
naliie Wb ti tip tog) brnuilest tao tA .coittal 
<idl yailittors evita ur movel of ahdaeivie oavgsb. 
smibrgune asin dnoveny oF baitein oid. oetten 
hee’) meewGl wild hodtieney ol 607 of eolT 
nis ai teagan or .adstebln' Yo mnleibod saint 
“ot Ae wuittibs grlbaxarsb suiltiv olded [eyor 
teglh caly treet wligernaune gninalldt alt sul“ snoigil 
pens ow at TEL busniles) to raion chy, 
vhvon oft Segal Yer oouivow ot ol — -totomtards 
o atibeqqot cians a xcw sotmeinigrha botesle 
Avewattee Yo cotebeme lores enotodlw 5 omredltod 


wrote soerer att yode deh yd beiqoe , 


vii etasnentioga: blod ot baliias vynol om ow 
“ty wr ols yviyniluosse baw > 
yileotintiniiihe aida telt ovuecelyeih eit eoontbou 


ol! siledige<ten 6 of novig mead eved biiods 


OF comaiayint terg to ecw si sand ayer todrewt 
i owl) bhat-gd Bivode ooffle os deus toda atid 
‘iheorth saqaonqa® od ea yoilw Aoojdlue offodisD 
ant bande “ivigiber a0 oF -bodontte od btgosle 


RENEWED PERSECUTIONS. 907 


quism evinced during the presence of the Swedes. 
gave abundant cause. 

About the close of the year 1650, a law con- 
cerning religion was published in Reichenberg, and 
other places, that “ noone shall be tolerated in 
the kingdom of Bohemia who is not a Catholic.” 
Rohn, in his chronicles, observes, that the Roman- 
ists formed a very small minority of the population : 
“the rest of the citizens and vassals, with their 
families and domestics are indeed all Lutherans; still 
there is hope, that after receiving instruction, tlic 
majority of them will accommodate themselves, 
without any particular compulsion. But it will re- 
quire time, on account of their number, and the too 
close neighbourhood of the Lusatian country.” 

This explains why, in 1651, so many people fed 
from Bohemia into the neighbouring territories, 
as is recorded in the chronicles of the adjacent 
Zittau, which state, that ‘in this year, about 
Whitsuntide and afterwards, a great reformation 


-was once more undertaken, and the Jesuits made 


sad havoc in several places. This caused the people 
who lived in the neighbourhood, to escape during 
the night; several of them entering the town while 
others went to the villages; for the roads were 
guarded by soldiers in order to prevent such emi- 
erations. Whoever was caught, was led home 
bound by the soldiers and thrown into prison.” 

The people were “not to be tolerated,” and at 
the same time they were prevented from leaving 
the country! The Saxon electoral permissions 
to receive Bohemian Protestants, were probably 
oceasioncd by new Bohemian seycritics of that 
year. It was about 1652, that 3180 individuals 
emigrated from the domain of Triedland ; for in 


yo 


soe eMortunseint aswavaR | * 
eohan Feel Yo soaeerg ahem hoontre- me 


-mao wel BOGE raay adt to san odt tuodA 
haw pealeadsins ai bedeiliug eve avigiler ‘eink 
it batisraios ovf line eno og * tat onal talta® 
: ton at owe siemmlell to otebontd otf 
"Gaeeall ods sods. 2ovrosdo asbotnoruls: dul a edo 
pmaltichped ould lo yiitrociz [Lane yao a bsarsat eel 
tilt dtio slasscd bas enositio lt lo toot olf Y © 
dies ; aractorliet lie booliti-one eotteomted bow soiftam 
wht sotunia paivmon iota mile .qoil si omeds 
feleenealt otebomenoowe Live melt Yo. yrivojsm 
“oi iw thas] aruielsqeyoo talsirmg yen tuodstin 
oo aul bre glenn tieds to Iovan do. aint otiap 
‘eee neitcatt odd to boodtnodilgion. seals. 
heti olqceny tunnto2 Wil ni.vde anielgrs alT 
notte getivodigion edt ont sidviell moh 
iimonihs wht lo esloisolo edt of bobreost ehas 
inode gee, rita ai sod? .ctete dtl itil, 
noises tera s abawiiiln bra sbitaetid 
obrun stinesleetl bes jwodsrsbow anem sono saw 
ohjooy el heswse ail s9oniq [eoveent owed baz 
soruh ogeees ot ,boordltvodideien, gt amt bevil odw : 
tlily iver eakt gartsias ered) to fem jolgin edt 
vow ebaot ole aul. ; evpalliy odd oF tHow exoiltor 
-iur9 slows ingweig 09 wolno ai anibles yd behing 
cmon bal saw gikgieno enw sooo Vf wrong 
aot Goi VOU) bin ersiblowedteyd bated 
ethos Shen ‘bassalit od ot jou orn styong of 
witivnal mot beteeyven) orow. adh omtid senna odd 
eunizenrioy lirmigds cox olT tyxtutsro old : 
Thigko srw etinietesT neimoho®. avigget ot! 7 
tat Yo sitters mato won df henolensae - 
skivitvibui OSES sadk S601 moditnw gh acy ae 
Hi tet sbualhorl Ww ih wilt snob — 


5 | 


298 CONTINUED PERSECUTION 


1651, the Emperor peremptorily announced to the 
states-general, that all Lutheran officers. without 
distinction, should be dismissed, and that the Luthe- 
rans should neither be permitted to act as sponsors, 
nor to have their children baptized. 

The new and severe edicts for the expulsion of 
the Protestants from Upper Austria and Bohemia, 
are dated January 4, and March 7, 1651. In 
other parts, not bordering on Protestant countrics, 
every thing succeeded according to the wishes 
of the Jesuits. This Balbinus found to be the case 
in the district of Kunwald, which was the sphere 
of labour of the celebrated anti-reformer, Father 
Adam Krawarsky. 

Other edicts were also issued, wherein it is par- 
ticularly commanded, that a day should be fixed 
for the departure of the Protestant preachers; and 
all remonstrance was in vain. 

Various persecutions of the Evangelicals occurred 
at different places during succeeding years, from 
1652 to 1669. The Jesuits earnestly endeavouring, 
in that period, to re-establish the Popish ccre- 
monies of the middle age. For, in order to up- 
hold their influence with the people, they thought 
that they could not be too far removed from all 
resemblance to the Protestants; that their bemg 
wrong in every instance could never be sufhciently 
demonstrated, and that they could not, even if they 
wished it, succeed in making the infallible chureh 
ashamed of her old abominations; indeed, the very 
maintaining and carrying to excess of every thing 
rejected by the Protestants, were considered to be 
the best means of preserving the pretended apostolic- 
succession church from the pestilence of heresy : 
and thus, in their zeal to preserve the rotten worn- 


vortsoaanas omitting? oe 
vila oo demndtgsomen: glitode firoqueersq. torsgin odh.AGOT 
swoling twill noredtel Ua dads levenog-estate 
enltnd siltdndd bow Jhossioraib od bivonds .voitpaisetls 
Haniiye en 198 of botticrsg od ‘aubtion bluode aca | 
duesinqed csthlide tis, ova 0% yom 
te stpieteeee ailt vol atoibe stoves Ian won ofl 
aw “atviedl bas shied voqq) mod etagtsetorT ods 
- wh 142M .T dowlh bay pt yok bomb ote 
weitimives wntestord ao. grisofriod tom artery tothe 
sulein wit ot puilvieomn felsesue -gaidt yrove 
wiratalt ol o¢ baw sunidlo& ait 2theol. alt Yo 
dimbye cult row sloilw ,blavrawal Yo isivmdb oid oi 
wala merry teti tein hainideies oly to tv0dsl Yo 
uw” mba | 
“iy 204i atmolw .baveat cele omew etoile vadtO 
leet wl deeds yabon tal: debesmnicn ybolusis 
bic ;etedkety setetor| oft to oratieqeb.ods aot 
iey at gay ooewenomset Ila 
hrtiooe eliniovineyd ons to sanituasesy evorwT 
i tant wary suthoosowe gall esoalqg, austell aa 
swiltanntokss vinoirine dine lodT | .edll of SOT 
wevicn aso adi daildates-o1. 02, boro tadi at 
qv ot mie ai 04 | age-tlybia silt to coiaom 
nhynoty yale yelqouq ot sive eostenba siedt lod 
ike snot) Leeromrs: wal oot od dam bhvos yods, sods 
iio viody geek! ; etrmtestorl tlt ot somoldansast 
alieisitine od tovon blues esagtant ¢ro72 ai gaow 
tilt Vi wenn ton bios yods taukt bats, datersromab 
servis seth ot patter oi bessowe gi badlaiw 
vie silt ela peuoticnisroda ble xsd. te, boaneten, 
wait -ywye-te goer of yoirrin has g 
od of lensbiegeaowtew. dusteationl ois aes 
‘ ~olloroqa Ivobaenagnny, ous pare lak ape 
imo to ouspligeoncod? soot dyaly 
“nw toner obP aioe ot Igoe ting 


SE 


rer 


OF THE PROTESTANTS. 299 


out casket of the church, the Roman hierarchy. 
which had cast forth the jewel of Christianity, 
and adopted the most abhorrent principles and 
practices of paganism, professing themselves wise 
became fools. 

The crafty insinuations of the Jesuits, that the 
spirit of innovation had occasioned so much mis- 
chief, brought some even well-informed people to 
the erroneous notion, that though there was much 
that might be improved, the present age was not 
prepared for it; that every change was premature ; 
and that it was safest, to leave things as they were, 
and as much as possible to re-establish the ancient 
ceremonies. 

There was no want of intercessions; the Swedish 
Government, in particular, appealed most urgently 
to the court of Vienna: but there the Archbishop 
constantly spoke against toleration. 

In no place were those who shewed an inclination 
to Protestantism, whether by word, or by a journey 
into a Lutheran country, more severely treated, than 
in the cloisters. For even there, some thinking men 


were occasionally found, who perceived the errors of 


the Popish doctrines. Many were silent, and gave 
no utterance to their thoughts. But all did not 
possess that gift; and others, by openly broaching 
their views, soon incurred severe chastisements. 
If not brought to the stake or some other painful 
death of the inquisition, they were cast into the 
cloister-dungeons, where they could no longer be- 
hold the light of the sun. They sutlered, what 
Luther would certainly have had to endure from 
the Pope, if he had fallen into his hands. That 
the treatment of the more liberal-minded monks, 
was sometimes carried to a terrific extent of cruclty, 


ene nmeesteata) - 

cabrstd aemofl oft adowads oft to 9iktae 
yim) to lywsj, ody drtit tees boil 
hil elgionitg jagtiedda tort odt hotqobr i 
aie esrisecel) gaiesiorg ae bo pipes : 


Biwol silt to stoiutaient yiteo ofT 
Sit Bove: 02 honoiers bef moferonal kane 
G2 threo Toaretaflow us7s enme dguond ; 
flotin en " want dyyordtt tal? relton enostorts silt 
sor 20 Hyn teoevny od! .bovenyint ed whyio dnd? 
saentederrg ee egnads yisvo Aol? yx vt hotaqaerq | 
seer Yo! et equitlt yvaol 6) teste aow tf tars baa 7 
inpiuas wll) daildmenor cf oldiveog en doura an bas 

=inonsne 
ileihaw oft :anoisesoroini Io fnew oo eew sodT 
vltesgrit tsemt Leleoqqe .tolvstring at sesame) 
yoileiddgrh Gill -rotlt gud; aader? Vo tes oft of 
ehmolot taalige odnge yinonteroo 

cotrnniioii os bowetle odw Seorly omy eoelg ort ae 
yontih), «RE x6 biow 7d todtaile ameintatestord oF 
indy basins “cloner viet .viaweo audit sotat 
rout wid vit o¢rtoe overt 979 TOF wostsiols silt ai 
Yor eros mild hyvisorne ory bauct yllanotsrno o19% i. 
ovitg bite tile woo yor adniibeh ieiqoT oft | 
ron bi Yr tw znfgvorl tied? of sommtatia of 
quidstord yimaqoyd 2milo hae = hestearw ! 
atnormeiuly otevee hyritoai ioe 
liftirany wwilio sntoe to diz wilt oF ad bee 
wilt Olt 2G “Huarw Youd roittstinp rw aia a 
-ad pygn6f on bfimay yout owite jenougemb-vateiols 
jew bowtie yal .cte silt Io igi) ody biod 
mort otis Of tne cil vlaisrss hivow - 
twlT = leant ei oth molial Bal oe ti opel a 
AAvow belated sow silt lo tome 9 
solons te Iaalx sift 0 or baities cont 


300 SUFFERINGS OF 


‘we may learn from the following characteristic 
statements of the contemporary, George Holyk. 

‘There was a priest,” says he, “among thie 
order of preachers (Dominicans,) named Father 
Ambrosius, who was a lecturer on theology, and 
besides a pious and learned man. As soon as he 
had come to a knowledge of the truth, by a dili- 
gent study of the holy scriptures, he inwardly de- 
termined, no longer to remain in this darkness or 
to walk in the errors of popish doctrine. On one 
occasion, when dictating a lesson to his hearers and 
pupils, he suddenly stopped, confessed his past 
errors, and thus addressed them. * Beloved 
brethren and students, what I have hitherto 
delivered and taught, is all false and without 
foundation. Yea, much thereof must tend to the 
condemnation of our souls. Wherefore I regret, 
and recall all such words as I have _ hitherto 
spoken; I will diligently guard against the like 
evil for the future, and only teach you saving 
doctrine and pure truth, in accordance with the 
word of God.’ And immediately he began to re- 
fute the articles of Thomas Aquinas, especially 
that which treats on the invocation of the saints; 
which article is affirmed and defended in manifold 
ways by the Catholics. 

* After school-hours, the pupils reported the whole 
occurrence in the greater convents, and particularly 
to the supreme governors, who immediately con- 
vened a meeting of the chapter, and summoning 
father Ambrosius before them, they first addressed 
him in a friendly manner, saying, ‘ Some of our 
clerical brethren have accused you of having read 
and dictated to them, words that are in opposition to 
the holy Roman Church, and contrary to our doc- 


-~*+ 


matesanemesansell> 


— 


46 abwiIaaeitie — 


vitdenducnaty -yeriwolicl add short -axaat ow 


Avlott ogi?) ieroqnasaoy wilh ‘vo 
ult qinets * od ayes “eit oan ced 
t bomen ( annoin lan) eralonrny to ‘ola 
pi vqyoloods 0 wintoel & aaw odtr poteondarl 
ae eR TIO eh nr baeratal hae esol s eableed 
<i n yd dive ark Yo oghalwona & of ontop ted 
ob ylirawni vd parrnnteyiton ‘rloil wir oy bute tacg 
vo eodiab evi oi olenet es voyrol on dysttirras 
mo 00 canieool deiqoq Yo atone silt ai Alew of 
lan etree! all ot moeesl 2 pinitatolls pediw tioiapaso 
teng <td Dowantnws jboqqote views of aliqury 
hovelsl” yoeds hoeehhe enol? bow store 
ormeiit sved 1 sidw etesbwte ben notdeon! 


Sooliv Tee pall Sls ef tga lee bofevilob« 


oh or het tener looeds dome ot netrabaud 
mrt T motetsdW zluoa te le setnninehwes 
ebodtit woul 1 en ebiow dove Ne Hager baw 
oil silt Jeniege baaey ylinggilifi file To 5 nodogs 
viivot voy ied “vino hue etl oi ar live 
alt aviv Soushieme ai .diwiy staq ben vartoob 
<n on weged of vlateibomml bat “hoot brow 
“ivogey yenlipd 2amolT Yo seloine odd oni 
“toler all Ye Hoitasovai ody ae etoort doidw todd 
Hioliwwer at bohosteoh bin berrdlia 2} olvite oilw 


eaifoilsn') ott yd wyuw 
lor sil horiaqet «liq iq otlt exrgil-loodae ait” 
Violioittng tw 2titevi0o t9taerg 61 ni aoinrtis990 


09 yYlovl ow vadirreg serequa ot ot 
showin bie some ot We galiesar we honey 
bowsuliiue revi sual mga voted sinbeerdeA woiltet 


 4ve Yo anal 4 1 Aonrerert “watt anid 


we wnivnl ta hy loxuone 
Hole aioe wedt alytew jemuty 


cab ererqanes ee . 


FATHER AMBROSIUS. 301 


trine. We will not believe that your reverence ever 
seriously intended to teach such things to your 
pupils, but rather that it was done with a view to 
prove them, or to engage them in argument on the 
subject!’ But when they proceeded to read the 
words which had been written down at his dictation, 
and asked him, if he acknowledged having tauglit 
and delivered the same to his hearers; the con- 
scientious and undaunted servant of God, candidly 
answered (as they who were present told me) with- 
out evasion or fear: * Yes, I willingly confess myself 
to have taught all this, and to have ordered the same 
to be written down. I shall cause yet more to be 
written down, against such doctrines as are in oppo- 
sition to the word of God, and I am ready to defend 
my tenets before teachers, doctors, and those assem- 
bled here, or those who may yet come hither.’ At 
the same time he told them, that he was ready to 
live and die by what he had advanced; ‘ for,’ 
continued he, ‘I am convinced that the word of 
God cannot deceive or mislead me, or any other 
believing man.’ It were to be wished that pious 
Christians could have seen, with what a rage these 
fathers fell upon the poor man, as soon as he had 
uttered these words. They entertained the same 
feeling against Ambrosius, as the Jews of old did 
against Christ, and they also would undoubtedly have 
killed him at once, if they had dared todoso. But 
as they have a law, which forbids ‘ the killing of any 
one,’ the poor man escaped, though with difficulty, 
from being torn to pieces. They did not, however, 
allow him to go without a large share of their cruel 
and inhuman punishments. Lor he was imme- 
- diately half undressed, as being an obstinate, still- 
necked blasphemer, and with rods, which had little 


—————— 
— 


(oe NORA RITA” 
Tavs tongtaret tor deilt orailod wom tive. 
wy of exniili dona dsast a 


sory taht hadern odo} stow st “Sapa aitivoiled: 


oveitl pvovtelaserlosaay fabnsesee gala sail) | 

WA ce oh onlnial bul pods Ve te ail ali 
(nw Yo pe * elise dist a 6 ove 
eUlsomtih Hgwedls Derpnoes Hs Moog ads “son 
tavewod , Koll 2oo0ky wl pot oniod a 
lowes rigid Yo wonile weal p mohin og at cit woll 
~oon) sew ol 1 etuomilsi aseptic, 
~Hite Jsinijade, fins” ~vibuu Yol-y 


302 SUFFERINGS OF 


iron stars at theend, he was scoureed until the blood 
ran down abundantly. This is the general punish- 
ment for those who are inclined to depart from their 
doctrine. After such a flogging, they gave him, as 
a hope of mercy, a few months respite, condemning 


= 


him, however, to the dungeon, where he was not 
permitted to have any books, except perhaps, as a 
great favour, Opus or Summam Thome Aquinatis. 
But Ambrosius, since he was not allowed to have 
the Bible, refused to read this work. 

“ After the lapse of some time, he was again 
called before the chapter, and having first been 
foully abused, was asked by the superior if he still 
persisted in his perverse and accursed doctrine? He 
replied, ‘ I have already told you, that I will rather 
die, than forsake, or speak aught against the word 
of God.’ He also spake much more in defence of 
the true doctrine. This greatly exasperated them, 
and they said that Father Ambrosius was mad ; yet 
for all that they had him severely scourged, as on 
a former occasion, and he was besides thrown into a 
more horrible dungeon. From this prison he was 
drawn up* twice a week, at meal-time, when he was 
obliged to lie down at full length, before the door of 
the refectory, so that all who came in trod upon 
him; the last brother that entered, giving him 
a severe kick with his foot, and ordering lim to re- 
main on his knees in the middle of the room, 
until after dinner. Here poor Ambrosius had to 
appease h?s hunger witha smal! piece of black bread, 
(such as is generally baked for dogs) and a little 


* To save the expense of fuel, the prisons were constructed 
deep under ground, and the prisoners were let down or drawn up 
by means of ropes. Such prisons are yet to be seen in the old 
castles, as at Biirglitz, in the district of Rakonitz, in Bohemia. 


Bodiisciin.. 


ccna i i BN A. 8 RO A 


Be 
wo 


Loan sa Vitees sage wil bi 
<detony bran oft al all 
Tiedt uteri! trodol ot bortitomt axe culye sade sats 
bic jretil yving yous .artiggall w dove tia” 
Qrolarrteabynera sven elton Wel & rtone fo 9 

teeny of vow ,worgnal od ot povewoll aa 
Heo wylysq qeex9 lood yon oval oF batt 
Aten wood dome yo enq® xaovel te 
eva of bowolly tou towed esnle ankordmA tof 

Hibw eift hese ot levity: Sldil wilt 

 Hiege enw od yomlt omios Yo sepel bdr tA 

onl weit gnived bis “etquiles elt welod “hallzs 
Hite oat te torseque silt yd bose Gow hoods ylinet 
oll V eniseb boetan.s lus seraeaeey ail ah 
roiltan Itw 1 sade oy blot ebate oval T* beilque 
lnow oly detrirgn ditucra dame Yo Salneredt anal? ob 
to onitoh af sont dati stage nena “bod Yo 
nod betimeynxe ylisstg sid’? aittsoh suit ‘se 
lot ; bait cay eulatndarh saitial doit bine quds’ bas 
0 mat lusytivone vistovoe asic bel vole torts [fe aot 
4 whi woul) esbiasd enw sid bea Hole 0 WOT A 
ene afl aoaity eid) tol” nergaul edited een 
cow aif peaslw omnii-Loou to leew s aolid “ym atweth 
to tod wilt sidiod ltpanl Mut wa verb ofl 09 boyildo 
Hogu how si amas ow Lis aadt of yprotostor oil 
mid quivig bowie dad) sodtond saul odd {raial 
wt of will yuivalivo hun soe eid ibttw did orsv8e s 
atoot gilt Yo albbine’ atl wk eenetd irl “0! thie 
ot fil widagadin A sooq viel eenih wit Hie 
Anand 2 Sadi Monies Hive wipgetivdd eal 
siti in vol baded ~ylistoray et ea; 


i ~allp 


velit sindathia songs Shea? 


Sig toe 


owt 


inloll ai adiewdadl Yo 


er 


FATHER AMBROSIUS. 303 


salt, while he witnessed his fellow-brothers regaling 


themselves with the choicest viands, and the costliest 
dainties. After dinner he was again led to the 
chapter-house, where he had to listen to a blasphe- 
mous sermon, in which he was attacked with the 
most abusive language, and sent several thousand 
times to hell and the devil. The sermon being ended 
he had to, kneel down half naked, and kiss first the 
feet of the Prior, and then those of all who were 
present ; on which occasions he received many a kick 
in the face, and other marks of derision, all which he 
was obliged patiently to endure. When this farce 
was over, he was again led to the Prior, and ina 
naked condition mostcruelly beaten with rods, soaked 
in hot water, first by the Prior, and then by all the 
*‘ patribus’ and “ fratribus’ in turn, until the blood 
flowed copiously down his back. This treatment he 
endured twice a week. 

“ At the termination of the year, an election of 
a new Proyincial took place, and the door of grace 
was not yet closed against him, if he would but 
retract his words. When all the Priors were assem- 
bled in chapter, after the election, they sent for 
Father Ambrosius, who stood betore them trem- 
bling like a criminal, or rather like Christ before his 
murderers. The Father Provincial then interrogated 
him, on the same subjects in which he had been 
examined a year before; nolding out the promise of 
a pardon from the Pope, and informing him that 
he, the Provincial, had power to mitigate, or even 
wholly to remit, the punishment awarded to heretics. 
But neither these flattering words, nor the impend- 
ing torments, could dissuade Father Ambrosius from 
his godly purpose. He replied, as on a former occa- 
sion, that he could not alter his opinion, without 


otabeponlel ® of motei! at Goad off prada a orlevst sak 
et Witte bodeatin cen of only ot some. scom 
euodt Irwre Ina boo ogeirgesl sviendo dome 
——— “Tala yriod nonrws.odT —fiveh oul have Tod of aoemid 
wilt tt etd hin sbodew Used avob leond o! had od 
on odw Ils Yo weds aailt bum ond ods To met 
dold oon bev iqeert ofl anotensse iaitly sto; dooeeny 
4d dyisder Ne ,noterish to 2dzenr tlie bie vodt oslt at 
oruit suis aodW/ .otuboe of yinaiteg hopihio aaw 
wal bow yin] ols oF bel uiega e269 seve anew 
ludooe whos dit? noted yllowvteont Mold hnos bodes 
ult In yd toads Due rom ott yal Geel sore tort gi 
hoold oda Tort at “endiaest * lan “ead rates ” 
ot trontioot ealT load 2id swol ylenoiqos bowel 
"aoe ie oaks benetaes 

to moteels an oz ot lo noiteniured udt tA.” 
ooney ta Sook oct bun only doog laoinaiven'l wane 
tid bho of Ui nisl tanlege beaks soy som. saw 
-neeea mew eit} alt Iso Wl .abvow aii Jonttot 
1h Jee yulr .woitsols afte aiteqado nt hold 
+yit onal ovwted hoor odw auleordarl Heer 

elt otoind teal) odtl toto ro tas aadil gai 
bugoriotid mile Inioarven‘l , adT. ayn 
woud bot od dovlw ni siosjdue omme ott no steriyl 


Yo vairmory oda 140 puiblod ;o10tad se9y 0 boniensss 
walt mid gainelor bas sqo% silt nox ' 


(979 10 ot wiroq hutk Asionivosd s 
obese of Dalvie Tosinleinng gilt tine of 
«booquti off ton leon patvottalt seods wultion og 
mott avivovdianh wrlin'l obenesiidues inompod yni 
“B90 HUNT! HAO Ue ot OLE 


iwoiliin nobtigh il. 2 # jot biuop | 


304 SUFFERINGS OF 


great injury to his soul. Upon making this reply 
he was delivered into the hands of the tormentors, 
by whom he was most cruelly tortured, being beaten 
and scourged by every one present in the chapter ; 
and, though he did not expire under their hands, 
he was taken up half dead, and condemned to per- 
petual imprisonment. Some said that he was mad, 
and ought therefore, to be properly and strictly 
guarded; he was consequently thrown into a hor- 
rible and filthy prison, where he had to continue for 
the remainder of his life, no one being allowed 
to see him. The final sentence passed on him 
was, that when dead, his body should be put in 
a sack, and thrown into a cess-pool, or, as a favour, 
that it might be buried in a dung-hill. 

“ And thus poor Ambrosius, a true martyr and 
follower of Christ, remained condemned, and was 
kept in the same prison, though scarcely alive, when | 
entered the convent about eighteen years afterwards ! 
If he be still living, he must have endured this filth 
and miscry, hunger and thirst, for about twenty-five 
years. Two days frequently passed without any tood 
being given him, either from forgetfulness or diabo- 
lical malice; and when he did receive any thing, it 
was much worse than what is given to the scullions 
of the cloister. FEven in the severest winter, he had 
neither fire nor bed, nothing but the straw he reecived 
at first, which was soon reduced to a mass of filth. 
No one attended to his clothes, aud it is next to 
miraculous, that the poor man should be able to en- 
dure hunger, thirst and filth, the frost of winter, and 
the heat of summer, during so many years. He 
might have been released from such misery and tor- 
ture; but being unwilling to depart from his godli- 
ness and to renounce his constancy in Christ, and his 


ne Ark Rd oa ns SOT ARON Re eS oa 


eS ht hen wa allie DE ee 


A NS Fite 4M A ee aN SSI IRR a pe 


SS 


“ote bink int Mowe coil boanaler aoad ovedl tigier 


<* 


10 ROWINSURVE 6 


dives wilt gehen oq’) tue eth eb bs rime hy 
Stance ald to ales odrotnt birovilob esw off 


wild onied borers yout seam enw od p 

Srehptite asl! ai heeeg ony Ptove yd “Dogmrose be 

Ane! tlt ashe wtiqzs dou Wh odatgoods bas 
3 joretitoo bre fiecok Vinal qs iodes saw of 


~ Weert eee 2 ul hae sav0G Arennnoeriqm? laiiog 


Het Han yleoyoy od of wetdlerad? tiguo bas 
aol sedi sven rimenpeetoy eaw of ; bolrang 
70) owing of bud od sxiler poet yl baw oldie 
lowolle vino seo of SUL aid Yo mbatnarst alt 
wil do lowton oomitios Jant off mid ose od 
ii toy od Dives ybod etf sbeol amcder sad aaw 
snore eb au looped s obat iprovilt bia doors 
dikiepneh «ni borin ad aebgint ti tends 
hire aArhAt out? tt diieotdink tooy emit bad * 
son bite Auiitebno beninnst Jail YW awollel 
| wonte vile vieoten donde) ,ndeive ato vill af tqoct 
tehrew tale eer noatiheiy mode Inevnen nd boretas 
WA id) bewwieo oved ana od gnivil Hite od ol 1 
ovis Paiode wt sei baw sega pero baw 
loct yin thotiv bees yiinorpert eeahowT etso¢ 
“Oeil 46 exarlutigadt mon iota said cevig gaisd 
fi avidt Vite erioser bih aif noilw Hae ; asilenr Iaoil 
enoilias sdf oF tevin ef dalw malt oetow down enw 
inal of rottiw remorse oft ot moval soteidly od to 
bariaset su wate alt sod paidtow hod ton wilt reidtion 
117 to aenitt nt hoowhor so08 enw doiddyr ted te 
of fyot st i Dine eultols ad ot héibuotte ono of 
-149 of olde A! Hilde eit yoo wilt tnt suolvoeint 
Intu “otniv ‘te feeti onlt 1A Irs tenalt ype vito 
ol] .eteot yr oe yciil anime to téed ot 


-ilhcy cif not Hugph 03 gailliwint yuied suit; om) 
eid tims seit ni yoruienos ail soanoust oF ban eon 


AS f 


FATHER AMBROSIUS. 305 


- true doctrine, he was condemned to remain in his 
present condition. I was nearly half a year in this 
cloister, before I knew of any one being confined 
in its prison; and I learned it at last from one of 
the scullions, who had to carry food to the prisoner. 
In order to speak with father Ambrosius, I sought 
an opportunity of approaching the aperture, through 
which his food was let down tohim. On my calling 
him, he came forward, but I could not distinguish 
whether he had any clothing. His face was covered 
with hair, and his eyes were dark. I was much sur- 
prised and startled at his wretched appearance, and 
asked him the cause of hisimprisonment. To which 
he answered very sorrowfully; ‘I have forgotten 
my Latin, and am much weakened in my under- 
standing.’ I could say no more to him; for hearing 
one of the fathers come down the stair-case, [I was 
obliged to hurry away. Had I been found near the 
aperture, conversing with a heretic, it would cer- 
tainly have fared ill with me. For I should have 
been expelled until I had done penance, by sub- 
mitting to such punishment as the prior would 
have awarded me.” 

Another account, taken from the same author, 
is equally important for the elucidation of the spirit 
of monachism. It shews the manner in which they 
proceeded with those of their own fraternity, who 
were suspected of entertaining Evangelical senti- 
ments. They did not burn or otherwise kill them, 
but craftily confined them in prison, some indeed 
for life, but others only until they should be once 
more beguiled by smooth and flattering words. 
This was done that their ‘order’ might not be 

VOL. 1b x 


cO8 20MM A NINTAT 
ai ai nites Ot bommebsros sie sit satioob sn 
etl) taney @ tla tenn ae Pail iba ree 
bowiines ‘onind oto yon to wend | otitod <astel 

Yo site mot teal dx ai bots! PF heen satiety ‘at al 
amomatig oilt of boot yriso oY imal oviy janoillese orf 
en test eviaomdiat mdtel die dauyz 09 wb al 


— ahgnonte wtb tone wilt pitilonernyqa to 
gtilles von stl o awob Tare lect at daae 
Heieuititeh son blues 1 sod fiewtel omes od aril 
bervoozow wit sill -aiitrols Gare bad od oiltorlw 
ee dou cen 1 dtah vtow te70 bil bow sted dite 
hie anetasqye Ledoterw sid tw holuate boa beeity 
daidw oT  tnonmadetnyent gid Yo sever oily anil bodan 
nattogrol oval 1* | ethiteortos yer bywwana sd 
~whern yet il tensa dover tte bod lial ym 
srit@alact sural ov sor oi vi bDinco 1 ‘sg aibnate 
ow 1 seno-sints wilt nwely snvor eraddnl sli ‘to sro 
sili bowel toad T hall crave rid ot beyilde 
“9 Divow Hi oierol o dite yaieevec 4 
sail bluole dao eat Hii [it bent wred yin 
~Jie Yd otintwitoy suob bail T Mtaw holloyxs mosd 
Buow volwy oi ee tnotetnng done of gaitilar 
“oi Taivviews ovad 
“oiltie stue ait mot melet seiese voltonA 
Hiya oly to noitabiouls ort 101 tanto yilenps & 
gol dloietw ai rome ot xvete 1 anetifoenom Yo 
onl -cfirestl awe todd Yo seit tin hobsssong 7 
“tase Insilogaeya yiintatoins Io ua “Aah 
tele Td patio’ mud tor bib 


footer ontoa noslny at inst howiinds tii 

onto od Diuoile yous tina iio wedio sud "a 

vow grist Ime iioone yt Wilidged : 

“9d ton tHgier “walto* teil) duit snob | = 
. ee “i 


306 SUFFERINGS OF 


despised and ridiculed by others, which would have 
been the case had they inflicted capital punishments. 

‘“ When I had entered into the order of the Domi- 
nicans, in the old town of Prague,” says Holyk, 
“and studied divinity in the convent of St. Giles, a 
learned priest of this order, named Father Dictel, 
who had already been elected Prior of the convent 
of Budweis, suddenly left the place. He travelled 
towards Saxony, and had reached the town of Bielz, 
two miles from Leitmeritz. Here he rested a little, 
but being betrayed to the scouts sent after him, he 
was recognized, arrested, and taken prisoner to the 
latter town. From thence he was led to Prague, 
and thrown into the prison of the cloister of St. 
Giles’, as a runaway from the Roman Catholic 
church, and from his monastic order. The first 
could easily be proved, by his having travelled to a 
Protestant country. This man had to endure a most 
terrible penance; for every Wednesday and Priday 
he was brought from the prison to the refectory, 
where he had to lie, half undressed, in the door-way, 
so that we had all to tread on him as we entered.* 
Then he had to come in and stretch himself on the 
floor, in which posture he was obliged to continue 
until he had received a signal from the prior. Atter 
this he had to kneel down, while the rest were at 
their meals, and hold a piece of coarse black bread, 

* This punishment was practised even in the year 1500 by the 
Pseudo-Trappists of Diiren near Paderborn, and perhaps in all 
the cloisters. Such a punishment had several ’egrees. 1. De- 
gradation at table; 2. Sitting on the ground; 3. Lying on 
the ground near the door in the shape of a cross, to be stepped 


over by the others. See a document of Bishop Meiszen, dated 
Stolpen, 1509, in the Lusatian Magazine, 1826, p, 350. 


oe 


maiteegiione rinse eam r* 


oe basen ay Corre Waee Nba. oe 


1 1e eomresreue 
weel binew soliter arvitro yt toluotbits baie heel 
wiestedshiing Lorhqoe etoile’ vod bail yeas sel nm 
atk <als temdiety oils otc Lerten bad T tol Ve - 
ST exe “ongerl to ewe) blo oily of deeoke 

i fw i Yo nevenes sce at gibebelli fothute how * 

oo AT oil tomen solero ahi Yo sesh bermal 
tirtude cilt ‘lo soe) bytaele néed vhaeds bead outer : 
fiollovwrt off .gsaley edt tial “yleolybene: zion bull Yo : 

{ SHE Ye w7at oir botlsosr bad ian <7eox0e abrawot 
Yitit a hor ed etal sonetisd moth colar owt 
fil itl yofte titer eteoce oll or herenad gaind jod a 

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i ot hallow gnrrad atdayd jbaveng 6d qliees bluos - 
er seribes of bok weed epee dupteatorL 
. Wohert ban yatemte (f prvts wl qaoneneg eld 
oriorsaia yi or nosing oil mow tigoed enw ad 
noob alr at feesastbew Vel ail of bal od orodw 
*vvstes an enced (to finett ot Uhr tied on toil oa r 
lt vo Veen dloters baw oi cave of haul of todl'l 
swuliaop ot hagilde exw of onptdag toile ai rook 4 
eit sobny oul cro! Leiria » bavivast ined oil Titres = 
je vow feet oil aiulw avob Iysoal ot bel of abil 
duved doald petaos toasty u blo fine slaste tied 
wld yt O01 easy ol i ave bositsory aw amonrdetutg sidT * 
Na ai eqadiag Bae orwtobel ven wll Ww aig TobustT 
ath ot erga" here dol dance aalou8 — setoratolarnt 
ie gall yg heneny of) wo gears 2 qoldad pe moiinbevg | 
hone od oh ctetiy ® Yo vynda of) ai wobpdd teem fun . 7 
fugolh sineaiols, qaeleath We tormurreh # 99% st . . 
— ~ 


O08 oy OHI gaining galtatund warts AOS, 7 


FATHER DIETEL. 307 


and a little basin of water in his hands. Dinner 
being ended he was led by the fathers into the 
chapter-house, where the prior, Seraphinus Cap- 
parro, an Italian, addressed him in a furious oration, 
telling him that he had vexed the angels in heaven, 
and that devils were now standing at his side ready 
to take him. ‘Just see,’ said he, ‘how the devils 
are rejoicing, and cager to seize your soul;’ besides 
many other horrid expressions, that greatly terrified 
all present. This done, the prior sent for three 
large whips, and having used them upon the poor 
priest several times himself, he gave them to another, 
and he to a third, until they had all whipped him, 
and his body was wholly covered with blood. Then 
he had to crawl on the ground, and kiss the feet 
of every individual ; and lastly, he had once more 
to lie down before the door, in order that those 
who went out of the room might again tread upon 
him. Such dreadful punishment the poor man had 
to endure every Wednesday and Friday during the 
space of a whole year. But at last, (having again 
acknowledged the Roman Catholic faith, confessed 
his late fall, and promised never again to harbour 
similar thoughts,) he was released, and for some 
time appointed bell-ringer to the cloister of St. 
Margaret at Pilsen ; ultimately he was absolved 
from excommunication by leave of the Pope, and 


sent to Olmiitz as matin preacher to the cloister of 


St. Michael, which belonged to the Dominicans.” 
Holyk, morcover, gives a statement of lis own 


persecution in the year 1665. He was the child of 


Lutheran parents, but during the anti-reformation 
received a forced education from the Jesuits, among 


Moab 


re ee ee 


re Ant amarcat | 
eaenith  eled etl at tolew Io oniend 


ohio bias 
sly ine ev nds yd bel aow ad bebo: gaiod 


“eh euntiitquto® icity silt wonder 
jauitnse anor aust mil bowerbba ,wailetl ne erected 
iriemal at elegoe alt Loxey badod sod oni, quills 
apie obie aul in geitbnate wor now alive taeda het 
divi vids vod? jol bine *jertsel* tl alatoo 
cableu! *; luo* vee oxioe-od topes hive sodioiojot om 
bnitivws yitexry tail enoiaaon zs hint werlto yan 
onl) iit tase “olin odt ouob eid’  aedaciq Me 
woq ul oye oil? bew poived bee zqulw geal 
‘Piltona ot enlt oveeg oil oeath! assoit lewwves terry 
wud Doqqikw lbs bit yordt liter tnt «08 off bie 
Holl bool iin hooveay{lodw enw ybod aid hen 
wt ot wid bee Vbavore: oft wodweto at bed od 
wit Sono baol al yziteel Dae > ibivihet yrove Ww 
eels ded) bro of sooh oft onied nwob vil of 
(inp towel bege dlgint tidet wht lesge tae oxy 
bad sm aoog ole ceomilsinng titbaoth dau nid 
ot path yabivd bas yebeaole yes vba of 
lage getivart), diel te to soy olodw £ to songe 
humtioe ltt sifoite) memo wilt hoyhelwocdon 
Tw Ot aiogs tover boeienoep dura lel oaml atd 
onoe 16) bas ¢beenslor aew od -(erebgiroita tabionie 
Je to toseioly: ods oF tyguin-flod bomrionge | oniit 
bovlowds eow pil Ylotnaiale ; weliD de inegrell 
han oqoT elt to ovcol yd aoitusitmmmnooxs tei 
LaPhgnatears ms talunotg tiem eesti od seve 

“emoimimnol adiot bygdaled doidw Jondeilh JB 
nwo ail Ve Shaetohete & eovly eevOHeer’ oo 
Yo blidy od} Wo ylT .CoOy Pe ai 
molicrrictst-Hine, wile vairub gud iamneg 
Bons coliural ail alt mith woisea bee doenot 

x 


308 SUFFERINGS OF 


whom he lived several years. He was afterwards 
placed among the Dominicans, with whom he 
laboured for a long period, according to the rules of 
that order. At last he left them, returned to the 
faith of his ancestors, and lived in Zittau, Wittem- 
berg, Sweden, &e. 

‘‘ When,” says Holyk, “I was a preacher of the 
Dominican order, and also inquisitor and searcher of 
Lutheran books, I recollected that an old minister 
in Bohemia frequently exhorted his hearers, when 
preaching to them in the depths of the forest, that 
they should remain constant in their belief, pray 
without intermission that they might not fall into 
temptation, and diligently study the holy scriptures, 
that their faith might be strengthened thereby. 1, 
moreover, thought of my mother’s last request; tor 
when she was at the point of death, she said to my 
father: ‘One thing I must request of you, my dear 
husband, before I go to my heavenly rest, which is, 
that you never leave our youngest son (pointing to 
me), but watch over him, that he may not be led 
astray ;’ and having thus spoken, she departed in 
the Lord. I often recalled to mind these words, 
and diligently read the Scriptures, as well as some 
Lutheran books, which now and then came into my 
possession. Upon reflection I requested leave to go 
to Leitmeritz, where I had previously been four 
years precentor of the choir, and my request was 
granted. I was also appointed preacher there, and 
invested with other offices pertaining to the order. I 
then frequently sought an opportunity to escape, but 
without success. For one night, when I was about 
making my escape through a breach in the town 
wall, which I had previously discovered, I found that 


ina em sal 


wb homiara _ 806 
cinmwedie eww ofl onnvy Lovdyua evil’ od mode 7 
wi wodw driv cniminimod Sif gnome ‘basal 
Wo eoher-nilt Gt piriinonne ,boreg Ginol « xT hetweds 
ltt ai Forrest trode Aol of nal th ebro tial 
one!’ sinttiS wi bevil bow ereateoue stl to deta 
wae eS ~- oak ahi ® Qa 
ail Jo wulooetg oeew IT elo eee “aed 
Veruloios: bow totintipat cele line anieo mesiaiorod 
tleiniar ble na mul betostioeer 1] auload oomdsint 
sui etotakd vid otvolza yieapet sitnsilod at 
ful! nevvel oly te astiqel ort f msi i gaitfossg 
‘gray Juiled ved? of tamaroo niewegr bhiode yodt 
oat Had yon aigitr vad todt woieiortomd worst 
vermigtoeyfod sdf ybite yiteogllib bes seltetveqaras 
1 .ydunattt bersiltgaey od rilgtes walt viodks tadd 
1 5 even tant weulton yarte ageody povoronr 
yn brie ale hin Yo ratory olf in eew ede osiiw 
Teoh yor shly To herper den 1) gold? on®* trode 
Ab doidw sent vieovsed yor Grog Teteted dosdard 
O! Dalldiog) foe tembruoy tite oveal wven Hoy todt 
bet raf joe Your ol saudi mid ove detew tod (om 
ai bottaynh ade jody asilt onived fin *; teas 
Abiow gealt tale of balleoor mvflo’? bod edd 
wae en Tow a aerutyiish ol) bere ylinggilih baw 
qe ont sam mult bou woe doti@ edood newdiml 
ve © svael Lersuper 1 uoitsslior doql)  snoieesasoq 
wid nosd yleveiven bat 1 swiw sitenuied “or 
ew Tepper “tn her ios’ oti to y ST8oY 
bie yatall toloneny boiniog¢s cals eew 1 boairg 
1 aebond of guinietroy ssniite sds uiiw bylaovs 
tnt ome ot WiwRougo ia sdqued Yibaonpet asde = 
mole enw | node dye vag Tol xenon ddodsiw 
rel ont) id idawid iF iguoidl equeee yu yadda 
daold Laval T borevenatts ivortq bunt I doidw dlow | 


ah oe 


7 


a a ee a 


ail 


GEORGE HOLYK. 309 


two friars, the cook and the gardener, were stationed 
there as guards. They demanded of me the nature 
of my business in that place; but I was so terrified, 
that I could not utter a word, and therefore re- 
turned to my cell. This occurrence was immedi- 
ately reported to the prior, who placed some 
brothers before my cell to watch me. Being in great 
fear, I locked my door inside, and did not venture 
out a second time that night. My state of mind 
will easily be imagined, when I say, that during the 
whole night I could not close my eyes. Doubtless, 
thought I, they will summon me before the chapter, 
and examine me on my motive for going at night 
to the town wall, which was close to the cloister. 
At last the morning dawned, the clock struck six, 
and the bells were tolled for the first mass, to 
celebrate which I was called by the sacristan. I 
told him that I would soon be in the vestry, and 
prepare myself for my office. Having left my cell, 
and arrived at the door through which we had to 
pass in order to get into the church or the vestry, I 
found the oldest fathers assembled there, one of 
whom shook hands with me, and wished me a good - 
morning. But on returning his salutation, he, who 
had always been my friend, told me that they were 
much concerned for me. When I asked for the 
cause of this concern, he replied, that they had 
received orders from the prior to imprison me, 
He had scarcely uttered the words, when I was 
surrounded and attacked like a murderer, by several 
of the friars. I asked, ‘Why am I thus attacked ? 
If 1 wish to obey the orders received, why imprison 
me? will not that sufhce?’ The prior hearing that 
I was arrested, and also the words, ‘will not that 


gone RYTON aDaceo. . 7 
harolareeraw toxolsiy ali bam Zoos oils 
surge onto babaansl ged? alnong eos 
okirnia ce enw 1 sud -ooaly sadly of aeonitecd xe 


<oy wndtiyieds baa bow # ta fom blina T ta . 

stharamt aa consruisso eu(T tego yn of beam : 
_acsune® Papelq odw jong ot oF batreqa1 ylote 

igory 0 period ait Hosen of Hay yor sited ztortord 

eestor so bib bas obieal. goab quar bedlgal 1 so) 

igi to whe 7 .odpia 2nd) genit. bovose 2 deo ; 


ods gatreb aods peo d code ivsithyeutt od qlleso iw 
saline —2rpy ptt sole soa blew 1 ubgia slow 
enqedo wit svcted sat sqsmmive Iibw you , dgowls 
nisin 0 gaiog tab writons Yat go sum asioaxs bow 
pnewe ot ot arols any dower tle onot silt ot 
yiia doutia adooly oft <toawsl -galmeat oil ienl JA 
op azeate ret gilt tol bullet sre élind silt bos 
1 .tiuveivone silt yd -bollyo care E slguilw stridelas 
bon yeiew oils ci ait mooe binow 1 aed mid blot _ 
{foo ym fel guivall  .sollte.-gar1dl Ueeym maqeng 


bit ceotlt tails sboilqot od areagioo elit) Yo : 
gee woatrqan..of wire oft noth = hovisosr 

cow A nodu abror oli borniv yloomoe bel ot | 
Lemves yd cotinine «oll bodyatte hae bybavortwa 
(fadonie audit dams yt + bedea d sum odio | 
ie 
an | i 


~qoabrqutt yee sbavlogiet stabto oilt yodo of detw DU ~_ 
sold yrrwad sonny ST igen hurt 0 ; 
nul) son Miw* ebraw ort cele ‘ba i.e, we 


310 SUFFERINGS OF 


suffice ?’ fancied that I had struck one of them; for 
he knew that I generally carried some weapon 
about my person. He therefore hastened down the 
stairs, shouting, ‘ Kall the rogue, the heretic—kill the 
Lutheran rogue!’ This greatly terrified me, and 
I thought death was certain. I therefore pre- 
pared myself to receive the sentence, and inwardly 
commended my soul to the Lord. But they 
immediately led me into a deep cavity within a 
side wall, which was built purposely for a secure 
prison; then they stripped me of all clothing except 
the shirt, and with nothing but this slight covering 
I was left the whole day and the following night in 
that miserable hole. There was not even straw 
to lie upon, and I not only felt excessively cold, but 
extremely hungry, and was, moreover, in suspense 
as to my future destiny. The next day, how- 
ever, when they had examined my cell, my clothies 
and every thing belonging to me, without finding 
any Lutheran books (for I had previously torn or 
burned them), nor any letters from Lutheran 
places, nor indeed anything that could clearly prove 
my intention to become a Lutheran, (which I liad 
boldly denied, and I trust the Lord will graciously 
pardon me this falsehood); they then sent me by 
cae of the friars some clothes, a little straw, a picce 
of bread and salt, anda cup of water. The bearer 
of these did not however speak to me, nor answer 
my questions, but having given me all the things 
through the hole in the imner door, he closed it, 
locked the outer iron door, and went away. 

“He returned next morning with a little soup, 
some bread, some vegetables, and a good draught 
of water, and told me, that it would soon fare 


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whltia—oitord ott ergot si TTA guismoda eriata 
bin ou boRivwet vhigetg eifT  eurgor! aunailinld 

aioslt 1 cere sow dinob tiywodt I 
Winwyai hen .orretioe ol) avtooet of Vowra betaq 
walt tet siviad ot ot toe var bebasarmes 
ealhiv yiirss qab « otal we bel ietniboami 
wun B 40h “tlosoyg tliod eae oid Ilaw obia 
tpore guitliols ie Jo sat beqqite wedl wert? ¢ronitg 
qetwyoo wigile 2ult ant gotdjoe slipw bos ptibe ods 
ui ulin pavwollel at bax cab wledw ade dhol ssw I 
vitia Move aon anv sistT cafe aldo weim anit 
1ud ,bloo ylovizesoes tts zluo tom | bine seoeue otf of 


janoqens ah feortost eer hen gered ylomot . 


-wal .veh dzenodT croitesl) ath yor 6 ae 
atiols we die yo boninues bof yout codw sow 
guihuit caulthee or ot agioled gout: ove bas 
w nto? ylenalverg bed 1 701) eleod smedieS gan 
uirtwltgld teil eteusl qoa som.,faretr bomwd 
cron chuanie bines tad yoidtrae beehat ton. 2ooaly 
Dad 1 dotlee) omedinJ 2 enrol 1 caastut yur 
tleuoionry iw iol ols teutt T baw dmictab zt bled 
yu out suse ston youll ; (boorlseldt aid ear sobtaq 
ouviy © wens olsil » edolo omomenitt oilt to ono 
grid oD totew Jo quo e baw glee bax bev Yo 
wear tou am ot deoqa tovuwoil tom bil veo to 
eyuitt ot Me ont ouvig gauivedl aad eooieenp gin 
ai ineata” a eiely wont oli st aloud 

“Yous Hue Las 00h nod roroudy bodool 

2 oe ottile ative gaheour ixeq hbormivs oH) 
web beog o hae @ildrtoyyeaitos baotd ontoe 
ot oove bluow tt mh on bel bas ytew to 


GEORGE HOLYK. onl 


better with me. The day following my food was 
somewhat improved. But still I had to remain 
twenty-four days and nights, in this dark hole. 
During which confinement, I frequently fell into such 
despair, that I even begun to doubt whether [ did 
right in forsaking my faith. Sometimes I inyoked 
many thousand saints to my aid, and repeated the 
*‘yosarium Marie,” perhaps one hundred times in a 
day, sometimes I called upon the 11,000 virgins with 
St. Ursula, and at others I called upon none, for [ 
received no help from any. In one word I knew 
not what to do, and grieved at my being de- 
eraded, confined, and subjected to misery. For- 
aueTly I associated with men of rank, was highly 
esteemed by all, and now the least of the fraternity, 
the lowest of the menials thought it beneath him to 
speak to me, which I took much to heart. When, 
after twenty-four days, the provincial of Prague 
came to Leitmeritz, and released me trom prison, 
I was almost blind and benumbed; for upon my 
coming again to daylight, I had not strength 
enough even to stand upon my feet. But at present 
the remembrance thereof forms my greatest joy; I 
am thankful to have been subjected to such dcegra- 
dation, and could even wish that I lad endured 
still more, for in that case I should now have the 
greater reason to rejoice. When freed from prison, 
which took place after a second examination of 
all my things, by the provincial and the fathers, 
without finding any proot of my having embraced, 
or intended to embrace the Lutheran religion, I 
was removed to Prague, and thence to Ig@lau in 
Moravia, where I had to superintend the estates 
belonging to this convent. I was afterwards en- 


rte reson BPNORO 
enw hoot wat wollod qub oft aout JP 
nice ot Keak 1 Bisa auth obawereqentt sacs 
slo ated vids ci pidgin bug teeh motgn 
dows dds visnsngott [ raonrseRden dotlw gaat 
ith & vadgouler dduob ot stirpod magve | rach, .thag@ab 
_ hades Sentero alaidt you gatldeerot ut Sdgit 
oH) bretiragrt bos .bie yar o8 disiee bagewols ase 
no tant bavbaml eo eqadtieq “ohveld, smisiciagot 
site anigtiy 000,11 pdenoqe, ballee 1, esmisnios etal 
1 wh nou soe bollns Lesorlte ta, dane, yolina 7 
ond | lyovt-sno ol gna snoilhqied oa bovisgst 
ab oiied ‘ym, an “boveirg bos oo jada ten 
0 ptwelee 07 batosilva bce bonito -bobarg ; 
vigil anv dant lo aon, tte boinivowe 1 yl. ~ 
‘timorett ot Io decolodt won bow din td boutaotas | . 
oF quit dtanund ti tikgvorli alainom sdt Yo teswol ould 
not? sued ot ilyear door 1 doldte oon of dnage 
aryl Yo laivutvory 9di..aysh sndleyaowt softs 7 
croaleq, mmoit ort bysnolot bas siegoriial of omep 
vin mont 46), 7 herlenmage! bas boild daomie eon P 
itgevtte deo ‘hod I. ddgilysh of aiege 2oimos 
sexeony tet. ted ger noqu beats of 979 i gdods, 
L ) 0} eotesty ym ertsol opto semiadinantet oul = 
-tyyls dome of botunjsius. nood eral of bottomed) aut 
lovato bout 2 aaiy sb-iv sors blwoo bas notleh we 
alt oved wow tbivosle A vena teda ak wt rom lita 
piosing miott Deotk wad! soivigt of soenot TMMAITY, 
Yo novaninaxs baose 6 “itn opely dood doistw. 
ula oft bere Inlocivenq oft yd emails yoo Hy 
dwortda eet Fo. loot yas geibuit suodtion 
T sorgilor aewdand, welt comndais oF hobsastal 19, 
ai vely) of sori! bas anger of byroaist ev 
‘estures oil boone of bol 1 gevler woivn 
ot ebrareiafie: ame L teovung edt oh gag 


312 DEPLORABLE CONDITION 


trusted with a small community in the country, by 
a certain baron of Leskowitz. But steady to my 
purpose, I looked at all_times for an opportunity of 
escaping. At last God inspiring me with the ide: 
of asking leave to make a journey to my father, 
who lived twelve miles from my present dwelling- 
place, I did so, and requested my prior to give me 
sufficient time for the purpose: as I promised to 
collect alms, I obtained the desired license.” 

After visiting his father and stepmother, Holyk 
travelled to Zittau, which, by avoiding the high 
roads, he reached on the fourth day, but he was re- 
ceived with some distrust; and his Bohemian 
language could not well further his interest with tle 
literati there. He then went, as has already been 
observed, to Wittemberg, and afterwards to Sweden. 

Thus we have seen by the examples of Ambrosius, 
Dietel, and Holyk, how severely those who were sus- 
pected of Protestantism were punished at that time. 
Ambrosius was, without doubt, the most worthy, and 
the most deserving of pity ; but in Holyk’s case it is 
very remarkable that, by reading the very Lutheran 
books, which he himself had ordered to be contis- 
cated, his mind was enlightened, and led to adopt 
the Evangelical doctrines. 

After these individual examples, we return to the 
condition of Bohemia during the period from 1625 
to 1650. 

The long war which raged contemporancously 
with religious persecution, destroyed the whole 
external prosperity of the country. Her people fell 
by the sword of the enemy, her villages were 
destroyed by fire, her fields were trodden under 
foot ; there was no safeguard for property, nor any 


oo Gf _— 


aa 


pecunvow ill ei giamrarog Howne a sitter 
ae vinwte 18 Net nenel jo dotnd: atetm s 
fo Piawpoqgo fe tot zomid Mate bodool T stoquag 
bi tthe ont gohan hot) taal cA --gaiyeoss 
jetta yar oF yatrsno]. & odnes of avast unides bo 
apteeh sown yor cov eslinn orlows bull oxlw 
sur-ovi'e ca tore yar haveowpot baw oe bth 1 2oaly 
of bosisnonqg Lae se5oqrmg «alle wt omit trstofilara 
” oensoil botieoly sds baakando 1 trifle dyalloo 

Ayinll sadromgais baa relat gil qensiary whA 
dul wl) qathiors vd bib aetiS os baliovatt 
on eewad td etib deacct sd ag bedoass od ebaot 
natnmnlot aid bre; Seucaih amye iw hoviss 
sult dhiw serial ait toilyeet [eneton blnas sgaugeel 
road vbaois acikan sow wel nedt inatil 
when 4 of ebrunriofle bos eradume i ot herwedo 

anizonlind Yo wlqamx ods ed tase oval oe aanlT 
~eie ror dw seodls ylovveoe wor dlylotl baw ,tosiG 
oa tal as. borleiatr stove scaitiniman20t'T Yo basoeq 
hue Srlmow tout odd sduoh sodiiw env euieoidan A 
wi tivano Mayloll wt aud; vtiey Yo gallyroeslh dooms otf 
vied) eesy adi polbsot vd tad sldettanter yey 
tinue of ad bevabto bed Yeatatil of doula dood 
xyeho of fel bas ,bsimddgiles een baier ait betes 
eanirivel fwaileguuval ods 

onlt ot erator ow colqnexe lewbbribat seeds toftA 


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OF BOHEMIA. ole 


protection against personal ill-treatment ; agriculture 
was wholly neglected, and the labourers were with- 
out resource from want of employment, and the 
general scarcity of money. 

To all which must be added those mental anxieties, 
arising from discord between neighbours and families, 
yea, even between ditterently minded husbands and 
wives, parents and children. Persecution and 
expulsion were, indeed, expected by the resolute Pro- 
testants. But the anti-reformers caused them many 
heavy trials, independently of sufferings from cor- 
poral abuse, imprisonment, chastisement, and starva- 
tion. And even if the utraquists and Protestants 
yielded submission to the Papal worship and cere- 
monies, there still rankled in their minds an oppres- 
sive discord between their thoughts and actions. 
The newly appointed Popish clergy also found their 
tasks to be extremely burdensome, in those unhappy 
days; nor must it be imagined that peace was alto- 
gether restored in the year 1650. 

That the so-called “ extirpation of heresy’ was 
not completed even in the middle of the 17th 
century, is evident from an old pamphlet, called, 
‘Short description of resolutions formed during the 
diet held in the town of Brinn, from the 2nd to the 
23rd of December, 1652.” After treating on secular 
affairs, the writer thus continues: ‘ His Imperial 
Majesty (Ferdinand III.), and his faithful states- 
general, have learned, with indignation and sorrow, 
that in different parts of the country there are still 
various non-catholics, both persons of rank and 
others, who neither acknowledge the Roman Ca- 
tholic and only saving church, nor conform to 
the resolutions passed by the states-general, and 


ete Abmeniiog 40 * 


sarstuoirgs | ineminvu-ffi Lanpersd en | 
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aaa Yo loisae 
Setiaixen lotnant snort hotheed reunt Hoishy Me oT 


get) baw ertoddgion isewtal imoseth riott yada ' 
Bre shogdand baticion (beowitih aeawisd 1973 68% ; 
boo goltiieoes  vevthlide Den Moving aoviw 7 


-oT anrloesr sift yd boiseyzs Jeobal srow coteloges 
yawn (itorls leeatiivg ‘etanrtol-rt-1e wittc zinetest 
0 mot egaities to yGoohwt bet sla yvaed 
ovinte bie Jnomseieds sramonbgat pauda leog 
aaicsiorT has etivpirtiu st Tt aeve bok oon 
enya bon diderow Leqa ott of moitsindue babtaly 
~eveqqe we alictior riod) al bsldems Mire ods 2siaorn 
wide bit entqaod) tied? mereted Irroseibh sviz 
tivil) Inwiet ole yorelo pelqo"l bataieqqe yen aT 
wqhilturseud! ai snoeao bid ylgmwrzs ad 0 _— 
“olla ae doen] Luli hanigso! od Ho yim tom pepe 
O00! ary, wilt ui borotest 
“ow “yetod To wuiaqriaza” dollsaoe odd tadT 
MFI at Fo atbbier 4d). at cove Dasolquioo Yom 
‘bulles falta blo me auvil feebive «i sputie 
alt yaineb Doarict aadituloen We Heltyftesbd sok 
ot of bo oft mod witstl Yo amet odt att fod t9ib 


wiuaoe 90 B matt tof A “UBT Poa sa 
latoqinl ft +eoneittos any “ttir 

«esinde [iit aid bane (011 pee 

yworice bind dotangihat isiw betrreol ved oa 


Ifite orn sally Yrtuwos alt Yo oe ie 
ben duu Vo muon, shod goilo -not supine 
aw) nawed? ad sybslwondos wiltios odtw geradto 


earns Sie Bi 


314 RENEWED EMIGRATIONS. 


approved by his Imperial Majesty, and much less do 
they quit the country, but obstinately continue in 
their errors. The states-general have, theretore, 
requested of his Imperial Majesty, that such citizens 
shall no longer be tolerated in the country, and that 
those non-catholics, who will not conform to the late 
regulations, shall at once be arrested, and their estates 
be sold by auction to the highest bidder; and that 
such as have no estates shall be punished with one 
month’s imprisonment, and then he expelled. The 
commissions instituted last vear by his Imperial 
Majesty on the subject of parsonages, churches, and 
exemplary clergymen, have, theretore, to proceed in 
their operations, and his Imperial Majesty is gra- 
ciously resolved to furnish both the chief and the 
sub-commissioners, as soon as_ practicable, with thie 
necessary instructions.” 

Though the principal emigrations took place in 
the years 1623, 1628, and 1651, the flight of those 
secret Protestants, who repented of the temporary 
hypocrisy to which they had been foreed, was con- 
tinued throughout the whole of the century. We 
fiud traces of it in 1670, and in 1683, when new 
exiles areknown to have arrived at Zittau, but without 
being received by the authorities, owing to a com- 
mand of the Elector of Saxony prohibiting emi- 
grants from settling in the border towns. Besides, 
it was now perceived that many arrived, with whom 
religion was not the chief motive for quitting their 
country. A modern® historian says, therefore, very 

* Fritzsche, in the account of the Bohemian divine worship at 


Gebhardsdorf. Lusat. Magazine, 1826, 502. Ilistory of Zittau, 
102977 


<a 


A 


Wed a tm ee 


ae a eee arte Unarm eentte Nbe e eee e = 


. ‘asda daedloess sehesiall inieopurk ated 
. ii Mater rlotemiedo tod eneoy odt-sinp 
Anite vet Inmasy-eomte oT anor 
eworitiy Homa anilt -yreofll beinanenl ald Yo" 
wily bas orto seit at tevterslor a togaol or Hads 
asad ot nenitads soa lin eile sstfodias-rrou seodt 
=~ te tind how Jroreorie od gone se Haile 2olnliger t 
wal bite gusbbid teoiipitl ody op mulmun vd bloz od : 
ane sitter Letlersrg of Linde eagetey ow Svad an dows 
wT sbvboqay od noel) boa cseeeecmebeepent 4’ dserer 
‘fits wjiad aid ed 1Aa7 tenl hetutiteni eenie-imamros 
jure aedoruidls 2eganoxing to ss9hdee ody no peotll 
ii hoover, Of ootetelt sol asm epi “qralqarszs 
airy sotiyiel Lateqal aid haw anoienqo Tadt 
elt ian. ithe od sdyod aleiarnit or Tavrfoern yletroto 
alte ware ohiauirorny 2a mane eo 2tonwmsinrntos-<fise 


“ gnoteaint visser 
itt soni -stoot anoieepiony inqroitey wit favo 
as seed de nbgitt ody (oO Ia 2001 B80) exeny oils 
canon sily to boaneqat odw ainatestorT seinen 
«tte arm’ dremict med badd ‘st soil oF 
SH sptuness vil? “to oloiki silt won't Ls 
won mulw 6201 of ban OVOE al a loresoony bolt 
niliieatel siathS ta bovine ove of wwoodets entize : 
<ined # ot yaive ssinoding edt ad sort ery bone g 
-ts peiidiery sn020c Yo toxnalal ca 
erbieotl sever Scobaeer ai: ever sac 
wnorka dtio Sherine yoie sails hoviavied wornesw I 
ar tivilY gains 64 gritout ‘toidy wily tom an ndigilar 
eter + ayaa neisoseid *avabont A”. pres | 
. 


ae 


r — | <p 


ieee 


——sae ee wi es ~@ © e-ehheal, 


RENEWED EMIGRATIONS. ole 


correctly : “ The old and new exiles are not merely 
distinct in time, but also in opinion. The old exiles 
were mostly quiet and peaceable Bohemians, who 
willingly submitted to the laws of the country, and 
of their respective places. Whereas, among the new 
exiles, there were many turbulent and conceited men, 
who came with extravagant ideas; despising the 
preachers who were not according to their mind, 
they frequently ran to the churches of other places, 
and ultimately even moved oti altogether, if every- 
thing did not proceed according to their notions. 
This is, perhaps, a cause why the authorities were in 
modern times so reluctant to receive new comers.”’ 
In 1671 John George III. of Saxony gave a refuge 
to some exiles from the district of Zinnwald, who 
built Georgenfeld near Geysing in Saxony. 

If anything were calculated to console the Bohe- 
mian Protestants of this period in their sorrows and 
troubles, it was the comparison of their condition 
with that of their yet more unhappily circum- 
stanced fellow-believers in France, who, as has 
already been related,* were suttering from the 
utmost fury of their enemies. Persecution, even at 
the very close of the 17th century, still followed the 
Evangelicals who had contrived to remain in the 
country, especially in the frontier towns. 

A striking picture of the anti-rcformation is 

* See page 130. 

+ It was certainly much worse in other imperial territories. 
Thus in huagary, forty-four Protestant preachers were in 1675, 
chained together at the instigation of the Jesuits, and dragged 
to Naples, where, however, only thirty arrived, the rest having 
perished in consequence of their sufferings by the way. In after 
years these unfortunate men were liberated through the inter- 
cession of the Dutch Admiral de Ruyter. 


are Anormrenmna aa wands 
view tou wre wolixs vom Lut bio adh 
mize blosdT — .nolnine ot gale denl-amit 
wih aweiueded sideoonug lume sip eleom stow 
bas sriaeee off Vo evel edt ob betimdue 
wor li gaones zee? ewowly ovitosqenr tials to 
ee oes boriseno9 bun tusladey yam st smd elie 
ofl) wvtiziqeuh jem lr tnagevartes Giw ame odw 
Lat vied of goileoose som vite oder 

deaaiq tlio Io-eodotudls silt on nex ylimanpett you 
-cwre ti aadiegoila ‘ho bovom ays ylotnarithe bar 
#noten aoilt.or pailrwoos beso too Lib gnisl 
wi stow “sible old yw. cares w aqniliog job eitT 
“ermoa War oviewr of tinatoatlon es aserit aisboat 
aguiot wove raexsG to 111 ogre Pande, TOE al 
aly lowaols +6 Joti silt mol lize onmoe of 
“yrozne. wi peleev) meen didheounes® sliad 

slo wilt sioaroy ot botoluctun eww paidiyna 
bi swore tiods at boron ault 16 eteatesionT pica 
aniiheen sta Yo tortiaqunes malt any at ealduens 
snus Yliqgnden sxont Joy tele do sariy staiw 
enh en tel wonerl of exoveiknl-woll’l. busante 
ait moth guivtive eter “letaler ayod vheotle 
du wove couse — eoimmeuny tov loti) teonmte 
ailt bovwallel Mae curtita LU TL ott tooeols guar pala 
od, i miata 0) buwidoo lat ody elasilyywevll 
parvo? solmnott alt ai chlisiooyes “(Bape 
ei goitgundin-uac alt to sumviq uoidide A 

DET sgaq oot * 

st inns Tle gi onow deer yleinne asw ot ¢- 
C201 wi vew wendauyig Ineloniorl sidhgnot need ub eudT 


Usyynb bun Atives ot Yo dvitegient-ads a wilgat 

eoivedl ter oil Javrnuagrids clue srevpwerl vovadw sealgetl of 

xia qe adt ob wpeinslive xigalt Yo mtowpnn nd 

“wri ads geo Timed over com oanardtan seeds atany 
aryodl ob barierias stoswll odd? Yo wales 


316 TREATMENT OF THE PROTESTANTS 


given in the account of those events which took 
place during the autumn of 1696, in the little vil- 
lage of Fuga, near Schluckenau, in the district of 
Leitmeritz. 

The priests and officers came to the justice-rooms 
or public houses of Fuga, with very friendly words, 
endeavouring to persuade the people to become 
Romanists. But as the men declined their pro- 
posal, they called the women before them, and held 
out great promises, if they would induce their hus- 
bands to embrace the Popish religion; but all in 
vain. Themen were then summoned to Schluckenau, 
conducted into the Roman Catholic church, placed in 
the best pews, and the priest of the place delivered 
to them a mild and enticing sermon. They were 
after this taken to the manor-house, asked how 
they liked the service, and told that it was nearly 
the same, whether they were Lutherans or Catholics ! 
If they would but diligently repeat the Catholic 
prayers, God would enlighten them. When this 
also proved unsuccessful, a strange priest arrived, 
whose name was Balzer Falke. He brought with 
him some pater-nosters for distribution, but the 
people would not accept them. All his persuasions 
remained without effect, and the town-clerk was so 
exasperated, that he rose up and said: “The devil 
take him, he would not wish to be where Luther was.”’ 

At last the Dean of Schluckenau came out, 


pressed them closely on the subject, and said: ‘It 


there were a single word in the holy scripture, 
which could prove the truth of the Lutheran religion, 
I would immediately be converted. But I do not 
find it to be the case! It is, therefore, better to be 
lame and deformed in our religion, than to enjoy 


— eb eet ane es ssa san tabs aad 


°° ——- 


ernexeetons aur wo Henbeiiier 
liv weil wilt ot BOAT Yo ‘anita od } 
W tort) of! pi wansdoylilet aan | git age 


enroct-solren| ails oF Simi eran lie bas stata atl 7 
ae ARTE vibosint yore shite ama't Yo eevod vifdng ea 

oiressd OF slyooy oil) abana oF gui 

-ony tind) teutlesh coir ode ee awh - 2telanatolh 

Hiv Tos patois olod meow walt holley yout lacoq 

ud sid ould bloow vat Yh eeinonp tasty tuo 

wi ite td = nolgiler deigod wit exam o7 ebasd 

sdaredonldog of hovomitins col oeewemodT Joter 

at inealy ,doruds oilovise0 cemol slpemi beasubmes 

imtovitaly soaly oli to xoliq ade bas way ned ode 

oven ved'l tomersp geisive ben bilor # med of 

woil bodee ,sevotsooum odi a euler elt isfte 

vines daw sf tlt blot. bas saivine alt hodif vod 

tanileriisD to ecmrodruct row yaals eapttoder onrea oclt 

silodis) oly teoqer yliavallih tnt biwow yoy U1 

alt geal vererld matdgiion bluew bod wyerg 

devin toot opts 4 lieve boven cele 

iltiw Sano oi dle woeletl aew ommn seod3 

odd td yroltadinwil rt emieerteuny saroa eid 

aroieanetsg et WA ord? sation bivow shqosy 

weer arglo-nwot oil) bas Jost tHodsiy boniemer 

lrvoh od: bire bow qu seor ok daily bororsqaaxs . 

etew round ered od of datw sow bhiiow a\ aril ola 

duo ont ueoedovidee to mol oly tol tA | 

TE" hie ban foodie oils no Yinenls snout 

rmnqriae vied. alt ni brow olgult @ wwe 

Holy int oily to suit ail wrory blues datitw = 

fun ob T auf tareyvaoce od ghowibiunnt blvow 2 5 

wl od aatied vrellvands e631. hgenn ode od. on tibial me, 

wore oF met) ,weigilor mo at bompsiob bus onal : 


ny, 


a: 


IN THE VILLAGE OF FUGA. old 


good health, and dwell among the Lutherans.” He 
then explained the seven sacraments, saying, that 
marriage was one of the principal duties. Having 
previously permitted the people to ask him any 
questions they pleased, a certain George Schreiber, 
a pious and modest man, then said: “ Your reverence 
will pardon me, but if marriage be a sacrament, 
why do you not marry?” To which he replicd: 
“It is very well to ask me. But you must know, 
that no one is compelled to get married ; it is done 
voluntarily.” The other then said: “It must, 
however, be a great sin, when ali of you despise 
this holy sacrament!” After these words he was 
enjoined to be silent, for the people could not 
refrain laughing at the Dean, who now became very 
angry. Seeing that his explanations produced no 
effect, the civil authorities came out and told the 
people either to embrace the Catholic religion, or 
remove from the village within four weeks, alleging 
(which was, perhaps, really the case) that their 
gracious Count had incurred the displeasure of the 
court, for tolerating Lutherans in his territories. 

A detailed account is further given in this state- 
ment of the conduct of almost all the inhabitants, 
who, remaining constant, were compelled to emi- 
grate. One who had lately become a Lutheran, 
was particularly tormented. They spit in his face, 
threatened to place him among the soldiers at Leit- 
meritz, and compelled him to surrender his smithy 
without compensation The Lutheran inn-keeper 
was so long tormented by the Romanists, that he re- 
solved to sell his premises. Upon the Protestants 
being removed, and their houses in the possession of 
the Romanists, the village of Fuga was, in 1697, 


ee hee 


ste er ee 2 a 
ot "2aemdid odt yoonte owh bas Bleed 
walt quabpue ahratersce coven sel: -bentalqee 
qeteeds ~ssauly lagincing pe ta 
yor oti den oF olqosq odt beatiarmeq ylevolyeng ' 
fetimies oytowt) audio a beenaky tole henley 
pea ef " shies poll mee teshorm baa. 
font end ogeitiem H tad eer polreq: 

theifqet of doth oT “Lyrae toe soy, ob yl 


woul wom wor 204 on des or tlow yroveidal@ —; ; 
wqob ai 7 batrram toy of belleqaren ef amo om pads 
eu 4 shiee sold cote odT | “wv hiretaplor 
seve wor to Vn cody wie dnote & of .voword 


are ad alow seolt toité .“! inentaxee vlod aids 

jon bines ofqosq silt aot. tulle ed ot beniofi _ 

wiov aricced woo oly coo ot an poutgual. aiener 

on hegubow naotteraiqzs 2il ial! gee .yrgae 

oily itor dene te oanno. eontrodnen livis silt Josie 

16 ,wobgils oiladsieD oft. oven of wiltie alqoay 7 
culoolly 2deow root nislibo-agulliy oft cud svemet 


elt seat Joana onlt yllavt jequdieq sow doidw) 


oft to-enmessiqatl old Lortiont bed gave") eovlerg 
eshetirist irl mf ecrmesdtind grviaerates 0} u0> 
sothte sit ol eeviy vate) et sayeana belintah A 
Anintideded ot He jeormla Jo doch lt lo Jeon 
-ius of belloqeos sew cosmos. yrigioatsr oder 7 
moma. » saoood ylotal bad oby swO .oterg : 
omit eit ak tiqe qoll — .betavarod ybuluoitiag eew 
“tind to aiblor lt yroora midsdniq ob boastenndt 
wiliiore eit tohavrme ot mid helferetes bas ystioar 
vqqeidtot merlin td ofl — ralduerognos ~rrodsew 
-on off daily yetehen nro ST ult'yd basweerrar yuol ox aow 
ainutentord aft soll. .cseiaorg at Moe of bewlon 
Yo noizonzgg oil nbenevod tists bax 


“VO0l oi aow oputf Yo. sgalliv ody 


318 TREATMENT OF THE PROTESTANTS 


incorporated by Prince Dictrichstein with the town 
of Schluckenau. 

But even in the eighteenth century, religious 
persecutions and emigrations had not yet ceased, 
for disturbances broke out repeatedly, and various 
emigrations took place, especially between the years 
1725 and 1782. 

In 1719 the chief persecutor was the bishop of 
Konigingratz. He employed soldiers to enforce 
attendance at the Papal worship; and the Protestants 
could only meet secretly in the most secluded places. 
Again, in 1732, many were very cruelly treated if 
they evinced but the slightest desire for Evangelical 
religious liberty. This was especially the case in 
the district of Konigingratz, where the Protestants, 
after being buoyed up with false hopes of deliverance, 
were betrayed, by a pretended friend, and thrown 
into prison, where many of them perished. 

At the same time the archbishop Firmian, and 
his chancellor Rall, commenced a persecution against 
the Protestants of Salzburg, an account of which 
we shall lay before the reader in the words of the 
historian Panse. 

“The curator of Werfen caused eleven subjects 
of his district, and two of the domain of Hausselhof, 
to be chained and imprisoned, because they com- 
mitted the crime of believing differently. Ruined 
in health, and broken down in spirit, they at last 
crept from their dungeons, and though impoverished 
by a long absence from their sphere of industry, 
they had to purchase the common blessing of the 
light of heaven with the sum of 700 guilders. The 
intention of the commander ran swiftly through the 
whole chain of his subordinates, like a shock of the 


1 


Dea 


Pa ke wi A 


5 


bal Ba hs aud 


Sen mae AALS BA 


mee Se 


1 cme me Eh tt ott ae Hy 88 


sr gy 


* 


a st oe 


aieeeaia tenets Genie 


rth ec i 


avalailar yrrtiws teoudger ot al “anys! dn 
mane toy ton bel zmobimygion bi 2s 
soins ap sibotamyst soe edo! sronmdattails wl 
oe ST ails dovWied visinage® aoaly Aoot 
: SETI ban GUT 
io yodeid oly sew solved tate oft CITE at 
svi oo eieiiloe beysiqam ofl .irpaigitta ; 
efiretentotT adi bie sqirlevo Inqa*t silt to ovenbeniin 
soul bobslove 20a: nt di yin wont ylao binos " 
VW betestt viloum yre7 sro woe LETT wi nttogA 
lanilowesre el ob etleab sayy th ite wits eal haomive wads 
ui wens oft yilnioxes cow GOT seendifenoigilen — 
etantestond alt nadw slirgueging Yo dohuaih adt 
ssoitirrs’ Hab Yo exqoil eaial lee ign leryoud gaindsaile 
Hv) Wes inert bebusiong Hog beqantod sow 
sborlsieog molt Te yen stoda wnosit ota 
Jute water coiliddots- ol) amet our orton 
einen oolluas19q & heorsnrncog tel volloomntto staf : 
(nity ‘to troson oo ayindelat Yo enateston'l ods 
wilt toelnow ails uf bee: ep -etied qal [finda ow 
a ane raltomil 
; “toads warels beers sole We tonne of TY 
hatfosel le wininat orn toot fis autatails ett to 
-fres ‘qult seunved \benoatremi bee boniside* sd of 
hone sehaowlib griveiied Vo ensits odt-hostion 
banal witkine A Seige at avely asdotd bas alileotl ni 
Iokeirovongn? diyooddd bare -rosgteb vist noi 1qoro : 
v Ww woe tied: noth oomedde 
wilt Yo gakwald nounctoy atlt sensinney oF tind dws 
oT stohtiFPOOT to crue ot thhe wormed toddgil =. 
wilt prea ofthese mm ibaa’ ont lo aoiteaiat ar 
wil to Asods «adil segnnilnodse sit'¢ aims slow 


OF SALZBURG. 319 


electric spark, and was understood by the mob, as 
though it had originated with themselves. New 
sources of gain were thus acquired, and denuncia- 
tions proved profitable. George Steiner, a youth of 
Buchberg, in the district of Werfen, was secretly ac- 
cused of apostacy, and his father’s house suddenly 
entered by the clerk of the court, with a guard, who 
scaled all the boxes, and carried away the keys. 
As the youth, who was pursuing his occupation in 
the forest, had heard of this occurrence, and escaped 
by a speedy flight, his father, a grey-headed man 
of seventy, was led to the prison in his stead. It 
also happened, that a Catholic priest forced the 
holy sacrament, in one form, upon a man named 
Ruprecht Winter, aged 73, then lying on his death- 
ped, and at the same time discovered a copy of 
Luther’s homilies in some part of the house. As 
soon as this crime was denounced by the priest, the 
sergeants arrived from the castle, dragged the 
sutiterer from his bed, fettered both him and his 
wife on a cart, and conveyed them to Werfen. But 
as the poor man’s death was fast approaching, and 
the curator’s atinirs only were with the living, both 
the prisoners were dismissed from the castle, atter 
paying a fine of 100 florins. These contributions 
greatly oppressed the subjects, and threatened to 
exhaust all their resources; but the curator only 
looked upon them as the means of a scanty revenue, 
and as a tedious mode of enriching himself. It 
depended e..tirely upon his will to accelerate the 
course of plunder, and to anmililate the last vestige 
of human justice. The penal law, which he had 
designed, seemed too mild; degenerate children were 
undeserving of any regard, and henceforth le laud 


—_—— 


i 
ere | ANeSIAS er 
os dou ot yd beoremteu, ean baw 
wot aeviowrnly di one 
sient) baw -boskepmn. oe orca 
w ilintory 4 toa qytool) 
ine OUR athe pn tere wri 
chine sawed a eodiil aid Lun peer ort hozun 
oily hong a tiie trues oils te dels oll ed Dorie 
ech wilh yows toirun how sored nit [lo fiolmee 
vl weinnpane sul proermy ecwote alive ole ah 
lewpews Line onarirave aide Yr bead lal teow old 
mit bhuniegry « soda al sdgilt ghesqen 4d 
iL. -hesie vith pi oshiq ofat bol enw primes Io 
silt bow) woinp vilodss') o ule deusqqad ale 
benim oni 6 nogy ah wre at mene qlod 
-thiceh dd mo paiy) cod BP hege suanil dloenqe A 
lo 400 & horevowtl said Geue odd te baw bed 
eh eevoil gilt to. grag ome atl eollingod evedint 
oil? desing oily vd Loonwonal, enw onite ti 48 wove 
silt beggath alten, sot nod! Levirw adanopgioe 
ail bay ctl thiod borstist <hod etl dion) senile 
tol . Yuli 0t.smody boyordes bas wine a no min 
bin wauidocoqgs tect caw singh sane soy ort es 
Hod seutivil silt dtiee mow ylan etiuitin <soreney alt 
voi olteno oily girth domiioneth iw endl off 


| 


4 


B20 TREATMENT OF THE PROTESTANTS 


his heavy arm upon the province. The fines were 
raised to an exorbitant degree, and when these were 
scraped together by lamentable sacrifices, the unfor- 
tunate prisoner saw, at his first step from prison, 
every hand opened for the boldly demanded fees, 
which either reduced him to beggary, or forced him 
to retrace his steps into the gloomy dungeon. Under 
sanction of the law, they then took a piratical pos- 
session of his estates, and when tired of keeping a 
man, at theexpense of the country, from whom nothing 
more could be extorted. they permitted hin to return 
to a home, which had no longer a shelter for him. 
Simon Klammer, from the district of Werf, after 
enduring all the torments of a prison, was driven 
across the borders in a state of destitution, and could 
leave his wife and child nothing but the pity and 
the common right of the beggar. He was not the 
only sufferer. Hans Klammer of Bishofshofen was 
denounced as a suspected heretic, by his neighbour 
Ruprecht Reinbacher, and taken into custody. His 
honest confession, of preferring the Gospel before the 
dogmas of Rome, cost him several months liberty. 
Strangers ruled over his property ; and when he 
returned, in order to flee into the wide world, with 
his children, his last possession, he found his wife 
overwhelmed with grief, a childless mother, who 
had been robbed of her offspring. And how many 
cruelties of this curator are covered with darkness, 
how many sunk into oblivion, how many accusers 
have been silenced by the disturbances of Europe, 
consequent upon the oppressions of such tyrants !”’ 
* But, however grievous the oppression might be 
at Werfen ; in other places it was no better. At St. 
Johannis, Gastein, and Radstadt, all the prisons were 


ty eitvtid eat meta 
\ vo ageit ol 
ar atta nyiiants ‘ere 
aovny fevisatiey @& door sols. mt roitoatsa 
n party, Fe —_ dante Mra Lon ae hans. 
esti toueg arrentlor veal mest taut 
ea - 


sauenttnt oy raed Leoiyiartenp eel: slags DF 
re eos qupecd vist hints if 

(tiftee rel? "io. creche ould peter! mae Bric 
oink exper great, Me hermett 
foluow fem sinifntetaols te otade al 
teem ytiq wilt tad guthiiven falls, tout 

out wor pan alt) cmmggad adt fo 4 a 
seu collet totoenaral a sankt 
tonrelil god avd itera toppers, o aM 


with orlinegaio) ort) creat bremns 

mil) seep al rien 
wait peo 

vingdivg, Anil were 


rere elif 

wil aaiher Wie: 4 atte 
lst Aslvwey sleet ani vob " ye at a ' 
- pera vilsticle aft 


ena 


OF SALZBURG. 32] 


full, and after being plundered, the people returned 
without resources. At that time Gottlieb Staudacher 
of Wissbach, had the control of Taxenbach, and he 
was a worthy rival of the curator of Werfen. He 
did not hesitate under the name of religion, to per- 
form the office of a beadle, and to intrude into the 
domestic circle. Ursula Pilzin, wife of Martin 
Burgschweizer of Azerg, was seized by him anda 
sergeant, in the midst of her four children, because 
Spangenberg’s Sermons had been seen in her pos- 
session; and the unfortunate mother was dragged 
from one court of justice to another, until she was 
driven beyond the borders of Salzburg, her estates 
having previously been declared to be the property 
of the crown. About the same time Philip Meyer- 
hoffer, a young countryman of St. Veit, in the dis- 
trict of Goldegg, was one day, devoutly but incau- 
tiously reading an evangelical book, when a spy 
burst open the door, and dragged him to the 
office of the curator, from the arms of his parents, 
who endeavoured to protect him. When, after 
being liberated, he was desired to take an oath on the 
Catholic faith, he made his escape into the clefts of 
the mountains. His father was therefore made 
responsible, and put ito prison in his stead. 

“ On all sides, these hapless men were lurking, 
like criminals, among the rugged and barren moun- 
tains, endeavouring to escape fromthe fearful violence 
which threatened them. No uniformity was ob- 
served in the proceedings ; for arbitrary power un- 
supported by law and discipline, is irregular. On the 
17th of March, 1731, Audreas Gapp, a young pea- 

‘gant of Gappenberg, in the district of Abtenau, was 
cited before the curator of Radstadt, to whose juris- 


VOL. Il. Y 


“tq. 08 .sioligiion ‘te sera et bens othe 
ati cot wtwriel oF Minn jolie sel onifio aoAlt tie 
wine? to oli patel aifiwer™) — alterio Glioma 
chem anit-yd Tayhee shw jor Yo resiaenmoeyett 
sourenet yotbline net qasl to yébhva wilt 16 tinea 
weit ‘toe ait tine cool had enniayestt | 
baygird ane contione suit yao old Tea 7 watrene 
wow vie tare crdniie of eltent Tormey ono got 
este tol griitalet tw evabeiod tt haeged mevith 
rrmepeny sala vit ot reveled amend gepebvaig gaived 
veenya gilt) covet semue okt ttod2, abnor alt to 
wah wiht oi aP0F 94 ‘le merrimios gown 8 ied 
~wrok tie) y Mier Toby vale sneer ‘yyeblo Yo goint 
- » anlir lood littygewve ct qguthast yeusit 
a oth iy barr yooh pilt nega sued 
ohreeray, 2 Toten alt uted) donate atl? Yo svifto 
vain aod siti foytong: Ot liovmaveshets offvw 
ad? anaking in olet et betisah-ew ofl ormindil grind 
Yo aflols odt ot square ele shiner od slid piled 
show wr@renett- cow wilh @TL  anininnonr ods 
dussteeil nt nowy cant tq ben dldizuoqen 
acid wus tect elo aeadd gobs Hie WO 
-nsour meen bine beens add ghome sliabarne odit 
ssiloiy fahiodt okt merit sqrmas vinery | 
-do caw yienstna 0% mod) bametnonl doidee 
san pvteq yuenidae vl ; epuibooeete nal AT boas 
ee em Selapeg. 


= 


aie, ginny eld eoothi A LOS atom 

gow omen, doadinteih old ai 7 

ee 
¥ 


322 TREATMENT OF THE PROTESTANTS 


diction he did not belong, and put on his trial by the 
guards, because the priest had accused him of being 
a Protestant. By denying his creed, he gained his 
liberty the day before Maundy-Thursday; but on 
the 5th of April, he was again arrested, and could 
only procure liberation from his prison, by the bail 
of two Radstadt citizens ; and even this was no pro- 
tection, for truth and faith were no longer observed. 
After a few days he was again taken into cus- 
tody, and now that falsehood could not save him, he 
publicly confessed his true faith. The provincial 
judge then ordered his left leg to be linked to a 
block of wood, so that this member was soon covered 
with wounds and ulcers. Tortured to madness by 
his insufferable pain, he promised the Capuchins, to 
abjure his faith if liberty should be granted him. 
This triumph the priests industriously blazed abroad, 
and yet Gapp had to pine eleven weeks longer in his 
prison, which he only exchanged at last for one 
of a larger size at Radstadt. He however made 
his escape, on hearing that he was sentenced toa fine 
of 52 dollars, besides hard labour among the male- 
factors at Salzburg. 

“ Where the secular arm of the tormentors 
could not reach, there the priest was in activity, 
for the purpose of bringing victims within their 


grasp. Not only did they deprive the Protestant of 


every ornament of life, and destroy the most valuable 
treasure, his honest name: but they even stiematised 
the corpse on the bier, and debarred it from the vaults 
of its forefathers. Since the world has been in ecxis- 
tence, mankind have always revered their dead ; and 
been willing to sacrifice their all, to procure them 
a solemn exit. Butnow at Salzburg, the Protestant 


On her eee ene Ree CeCe Cc rer a NCCE Wo. eee 


ADU hala WA Destin vie 


ay be Neda 


fy ede Sr es 


Aa in ea A A RAM OB A AS date RMIT Le 


a tie eM ML ES a ARM em dm 0 Lala od 
ww 


€ 


oli eel Ladwt viet ro tani we ania if 
sitio Yoosaiet deteay Lowi! ies“ ag ond 
eit Truriery cul towers lol gnigasly ; 
no tril 5 yakornl Taber. qautied dub pa ae 7 
bioos bua barertte citge ecw odd leh z 


eset silt 7d .wosiag iii owt ceoininnadil orunong ‘ylro ” 


veg Gmeuresitt novo how ( atoshis thutebafl ows Io” 
Lureede vegeel om ane thidh baw divert 1b aoitea 
-29 oral aodet cious ean ol egal wet e wih 
on cid aveaiow blacs hovidselat salt won bne ; 
fsiewivory aT .iltiat arm ef beeeittoo ¥ 
5 ot bedwil ml ot gol fied etd Toualye meds oghoj 
heros abo eee enhanc etobt aanlt 68 boo" Io atoold _ 
vd serninnt ot dorsteT — seticelty fom chasm daiwe 
of ,zgiebougqn) edt bastererg oil who olderstaett etd 
“mit hopwerg od blecile prewltl W altel aidl exopfe 
Asotin font sopaatak erste ty dgarais ef? 
ait! ch vegenl adoow sevolo sang of bad qqut) soy bow 
an to) sal ta hepnadors vitio oil ikoiie *osizg 
shunt torswod olf athnishell 24 sxiz tegeel 2 Tov 
owt e623 bynmetne cer oil ted? paitead ao aque aid 
ola adt-grome urodal boul abies -rallob 86 20: 
arudils® tn erotasl 
etomtourtot oft to une wwiluose oft oral We’ 
pbviton at enw tesiny ct woodt wlosot Jon blaos 
vio niliiw etasty “gnigaixd to seoqraq ods 0? 
to tantentor lh eabt overt alee rset bib ylao 10% a 
ol beaker sont ot yorsso!> 
bvsel 4 eve youth and rancher cinmanie 
eis alam aherrsthob ban eid ailt 0 oaptod edt 
tie vit vet aml hivew odtudid etblespt et To. 
Tuts ohaeofe vide beonren exile oveil baidanar oon 
etesilt ornate of hlessbils softton oF bende! 
inetento? alt aerndsie® sa won anil © 


OF SALZBURG. BLO 


was followed by no clergyman, he had no pall, for 
him the sexton refused his services, for him no 
psalms were sung, no bells tolled, and mute and 
solitarily did the degraded family walk behind the 
undecorated bier, in order to deposit the dear object 
of their love near the confines of the common graves. 
The Protestant was repulsed from the font, and his 
testimony was considered invalid. He was as one 
outlawed, because accused of having renouneed 
all the civil obligations. The priest even pronounced 
the horrid prophecy of damnation, over the infant 
in its mother’s arms, if, at any future time, 
the child should not curse its Protestant father. 
Every pillar of domestic happiness was shaken. 
Calumny took her station between the love of man 
and wife, and the utterance of a harsh word 
was changed by the vigilant priests into a crime, 
which no repentance could wipe away. The bond 
of filial obedience was dissolved, and the innate love 
of kindred, was pronounced to be an absurd tradition 
of mere custom, from which the church had the power 
to give absolution. What a miserable generation 
would the priests have reared, if the deep designs of 
nature could so easily have been frustrated!  Im- 
poverished, as by contributions to an enraged 
enemy; withdrawn by an arbitrary power from the 
sphere of their industry ; compelled by the priests, to 
lay down, at every hour of their appearance, the 
occupations of life, in order to be examined on the 
observance of catholic rules; cruelly detained by 
caprice, in prison, or on trial, at the time when spring 
and harvest were waiting, and a second fine day 
might not be granted them; and indifferent to the 


y 2 


tt ARTA 26 
ari? (Dkny tir hae! set 2 on yd berolla 
at = ih sunivtoe retiol, ary a 


aj 2 teoqly os abto ni roid betetore oe 
Fira vom aif Yo eerie ait? cxersvol tds Tor 
sil tn ae aalt aot Ieelnqar ame tretestoeT OT” 
wits we ate OH hilwved fembiadtie eva yironiteat 
feineonet yilvel Yo bears oataied bowsitao’ 
lomnioteng are techiq stT encheyilda fvin ols Ue 
iethat silt wero jnoliadenh to yuolgony birsod ot 
aia) smn one te 2 aoe ewedtont sti” at 
slid) Yyerhewor4 an gente ton Hipoile Mido aff — 
stotads eng sennigyml oteomeh Yo sally qevtl 
nian % ovel wild abowiod Holtqt tod dood yammile®  -. 
iver stan # to ootetoite sili bea ter “baw 
anh #« ott aeairy Inelign® oft qd bogie exw 
boot ofT yawe sqiw Lines eanatemges on doidw 
avul somunt at ban Leovloeliy saw sonibada fil Yo° 
noitiierd frmaitece of of bovatronote: ew Bothnia Wo 
rowey oil) fwd rosie odd doi ato7! moleus sem To 
notion Meira: ¢ ret Vl Snoltnloets sig of 
Wh ecyheoh qaoh oilt Yi borer oved elesiny od! bivow 
tl) beterawil god aved vliem os bliod student 
loge mm OF ancitudiiicos yd ea , yoy 
ol methepoqg wetilie na yd avetheii; yeas 
of etenisg onl yd Lallomico p-rrienhittibds Yo orale” 
adt soremmoaqertioilt Yo cod yxove a8 woh’ Y 
arly co feaiewnxe od of vine ai til to 
7é bentatoh view texto vifoitas Yo 4: 
gatlige conde omit allt te leis voto aronhng ath ook 
vi ont boowe wba quoien otow sesrral be 
nile or soncitited Dena’ y eetoels hatha 90 Fou 

f gy =e, Ne = 


= 1 
an) 


a24 TREATMENT OF THE PROTESTANTS 


soil, whose blessings were snatched from the labourer, 
they stood on the verge of civil annihilation.” 

The principles which then prevailed, may also 
be seen from the following report of Panse: “ They 
began by giving the Jesuits a greater power than 
they ever had before, and by assigning to them the 
office of informers. These inundated the country 
under the name of moral preachers. But, instead of 
drawing the people to the Roman church, in the 
peaceable way of conviction, they pronounced upon 


them, in the public places of worship, the curse of 


condemnation, and thus kindled a dangerous pre- 
sumption in the hearts of the Catholics, who began to 
take an earthly possession of their heavenly glory, 
and to renounce all obligations towards the anathe- 
matized. As the saving of souls was not their object, 
the inhabitant of Salzburg felt himself attacked in the 
most painful manner, by being forced to observe all 
the ceremonies of the Roman church. They com- 
pelled him to make garlands of roses for the images, 
when he wished to indulge in innocent pastimes; to 
take idle journeys in processions and on pilgrimages, 
when his industry was required for his family ; and 
to repeat unintelligible words at mass, when he 
desired to seek God in his vernacular tongue. His 
house, the asylum of blissful habits and comfort, he 
had to open to the inquisition of spies, and in the 
place where of all others, he ought to bave been 
master, he was degraded to the condition of a slave. 
His home was no longer a place of rest, but, as if it 
were the receptacle of smugeled goods, it was opened 
by the guards at all hours, day and night, for the 
purpose of making a scizure of Protestant books. 


aliat glowide warmed elt ot elyorg old gainer 

fous, hapaanenoy gull noiteivnes ta enw oldeanaeg 

Yo seman sift aileron to exh otlleny odlt si compas 

“id & enh oe bnthutd aut faut weteriesbays” 
ot maged ody: 2niivides Jods lo etnod. i of wolgeria 
egtolg inven! vert ‘lo aolercesy Gilivie me oda) 
eosligen old chasms eroiacyuiiy [le soutien 0} bas 
doaide sive? tom exw elo ler malvae ads ah bositanr 
als oi bedontie Hosni tht gunlsles 6 tewiddadiati oft 
He ovnwato ot hovel gala yo ome llniig Som 
-wieo vou'l alovesdo yamodl-—at ‘lo eeimemts0 ad 
eeguisl git wh ewor to abastisy alitor ot sil heflag 
o} ;eocnitamy Yersden! aj oplubst at bodeiw of aorlw 
ongumtvyglig no bus exoiezn207q a} exaetruo{ olbt dat 
Linte ; ened aid vel bonivpat come yrrubad aid oodlw 
al mud ane je altow oldiyillouing taoqot of 
all .omgyot talysowiny aid wi loi) dyoe ot bosieab 
wil arctidor baw sical luteetid Yo aywlyes odt oatod 


wil) ari Sonus Yo poltizinpal ot ab meqe ot bad 
need syatl yo ot erwilio Te Yo ovalw ooulq 
oval: a to oil) of Lobsrpeb anew oil aateata 
hi ae t lo s9nly 2 ionuel on caw sinott a0 


homano enn a1 aboog bulgaurie to sloanqooen od) stow 
aft vol hylan bene yeh eter Mo to 4 
edvod 


tuadeaser ] ‘to otusigs a gaiduin Io 


OF SALZBURG. B25 


The brave mountaineer was forced to take an oath, 
where he had been accustomed to find ercdence for 
his mere word, and even the salutations from thie 
pulpit, were criminal in his estimation, because he 
could not persuade himself to profane the holy name 
by pronouncing it in moments of indifference. 

“‘ In this exasperated state of mind, it was, that 
Hans Lerchner of Obermaisz, in the jurisdiction of 
Radstadt and Veit Breme of Unterschwabock, in 
the district of Werf, were put in chains, because 
some evangelical books had been discovered in 
vheir houses, and because they preferred begeary 
to hypocrisy. After having been confined in a 
filthy dungeon, as malefactors, for several weeks, 
and in vain demanded the mercy of a trial, or the 
humanity of impartial justice, they were re- 
stored to the blessings of lght, but not to those 
of their native soil. Torn from the embraces of 
their nine children, who had come to meet their 
restored fathers, they were driven beyond the bor- 
ders of Salzburg, as though they had been branded 
with the stamp of infamy. The executioners of this 
sentence had iearned to understand hints, and se- 
questrated the estates of these unfortunate men, 
under pretence of fatherly care for the orphan 
children. 

“The stroke in Salzburg was felt in the neigh- 
bouring provinces, and they perceived with terror, 
that in the whole Catholic world the train was already 
prepared, which might be kindled by the flame that 
had spread over the archbishopric. The cloister of 
Kempfen was threatened by indefinite movements of 
secret Protestants, and in a circuit of a few miles more 
than a thousand men were waiting for the favourable 


ee 


—— = a A —— 
’ 
- 


LOE OMIERIAT +6 ee 
tino nia of of Ino saw eedletanon 
auib-apuglnne ball a hornetennen ted bud 
ole wiettaroiiatnloe add yea ban .lrow roa i 
ail wma rotincsttin ail i Henenins ww 

ol ee aes anton it ‘tlgewalil slewetoq tor Glaoo 
aousniithy) ‘to vasa ot it yoismoarny yd 

vuly sev & tui Wo otets batitoqeets eile ol” 
te avltstheinay olt ni selonvend® Jo sendoted nul 
mt dsedawdosein Wo omwill we? bar thatehedl 
pt Aiinde ai toq wen el Wo sorte ode 
ui Deverenosith mad fat deat! Lisitiegirre garoe 
tugged Tercmion gorlt sexacod Dim aeeso thads 
2 at botitwos wert gaived with — -2sinaqyd of 
eion leery 11 gaomuiiniers ep nopgnub dal 
oh w Jatt ota yorom od? bobuguel min’ al hes 
nt wee pull snveo|, Ielysagat jo citemiml 
aeorlt af toa syd tigi to eyulsesld oir ot berote 
fo ervedwe odz gfott oT, ioe gitar .tisdd Yo 
siaii) Toop: oO) oaros busi! aly wainhlids sain siala 
od silt hwoted auvith eoy yodt ated basommen 
lub oeteredd soa bail vault itgsro4l 22 jwudsig to e1eb 
eit Vo ereallpours ‘ol F “Gita To qunate oily sltiw 
os ie ten! booremluan or heats. bol wonstase 
om Mowunclae sed! lo estuiey od) bojerieagp 
Baulyr0 gil} tet oti yhodit Yo aonotvy tbaw 


~liging sult att ahs) aa giodste® iat nite sar 
tte tort bas 4 gained 
® t blow sifoulta sat hai a 


de rwidiols sa” 


326 PROCEEDINGS IN 


moment, openly to take side with the Protestants. 
In Tyrol the greatest exertion was requisite, to de- 
stroy the glory of so dangerous an example; anda 
closing of the frontier against the Salzburg fugi- 
tives, was nothing more than a needful measure 
of defence. This excitement extended as tar as 
Italy ; and the Jesuits, who were terrified at the 
idea of a general emigration, had never so much to 
do, as at present, and now only they perceived their 
error of having forgotten the people, while they 
were busily intriguing with the rwders. 

“ A thousand forcibly suppressed wishes of the 
Hussites in Silesia, were suddenly reyived by the 
events in Salzburg, and excited great fears in Vienna. 
Bohemia, the first scene of the thirty years war, 
began to give Charles VI. some uneasiness; and 
seven villages in the district of Konigingratz, rose 
simultaneously, in order to seek another home for 
their long concealed Protestant religion. Forty 
peasants were imprisoned in Konigingratz, thirty in 
Jaromirz; and the rest were forced to a respect for 
Romanism by the bayonets of five companies of 
soldiers. A schoolmaster expiated in Prague, his tran- 
sient pleasure of playing the principal part, and by 
two hundred lashes he was made to contess, that the 
Prussian commission, upon which he had grounded 
his undertaking, had been forged. But still there 
was an ominous flight of secret Protestants; and an 
electoral commissioner presented them with privileges 
on the borders of Saxony. Though the Jesuits cast 
the web of intrigue around the apostates, and kept 
them entwined in the bonds of vassalage, still the 
movement could not be suppressed, and Charles 
sought advice in a conference in November, having 


tn cA te kn iw ib A 


PD nae 


ee i bohuans 


“1 20miGss00ne 
gerard silt itive shin sdotot yinsqo, dasmon 
oh ot <aielopa: enw aniteors sendaorg oilt long 
6 ham colonize an averagath 08 to qioky add con 
<iget prudsio® wil seaimyn tiitgott ont to gaiatly 

‘ees lathe 9 nad) soe eins | 


iuanuitiogs etal’ pa: 
ait, a0 beteret omen odve gsluenl ot bow ¢ yell 
bt dane oe 97am hock couergions hrm e lo shi 


fait bovingey qodt vivo wou has, Anserty da aa ob 
yult olindw aug wil) aaitagnd a, to Ke 
tvahiny vie dtr yatirylagat ylaud 


| tilt Yo. esiherze perl lfonut pear . 


or zd hevivon qhralebie wow uleolicy at eytiaa El 

tana? aleres} tarry Enilivce how pyrictele® at etaave 

ay 8107 voit ula Yo snow tall wilt .shesodotl 

bow ; pe eae amot IV eolissl!) oaty of naged 

net siirgaiviatit ‘be sorwath ada ag sagelliy, aves, 

0? seruil saline dose of shs0 Yavoonutinatiy, 

erol — amoiyiler snateyror'l “Taleganoo. gaol ei 

ni rite wiirgeiclabal ni bovorinqat- wre 

ch topqaot w or bowin) wray a9 hate i om 

Yo solunqanon wt Yo ermtozed-oilt xd amittem 

-amtt ail wmparel ai barelgxo ‘araginbagilee 4. rsitlon 

dl hom tay tegianiry odd quigalq do wrvenoly siesta 
a aiae9 ot ohyct exw ol agleal boku | 
lohan ye oi doilw ooqu .noiasuune maize 


= 


dy ban nee 
owl? Hite 49 


KONIGIN GRATZ. O27 


heard that even many Bohemian magnates had 
secretly fled across the borders. All’these symptoms 
were called to light by Pirmian, archbishop of Salz- 
burg, and instead of being grateful, the Catholic 
church made him responsible for the consequences, of 
having permitted Protestant Europe a view of her 
diseased interior.” 

These affairs were, however viewed in a very 
different light by the Romanists; who prayed con- 
stantly for the ‘“ extirpation of all heresy.” 


CHAPTER X. 


SECRET PROTESTANTS IN BOHEMIA—SUPPRESSION OF 
THE ORDER OF JESUITS—-THE EMPEROR JOSEPH II. 
PUBLISHES AN EDICT OF TOLERATION—-FORMATION 
OF EVANGELICAL COMMUNITIES— SUBSEQUENT CON- 
DITION OF THE PROTESTANTS. 


Tuosz inhabitants of Bohemia who had not 
resolution enough to emigrate, but were yet really 
disinclined to embrace the Popish religion, were 
forced to adopt the outward appearance of Roman- 
ists ; but it may be imagined with what inward 
disquietude and compunction, with what struggles 
and self-reproach ! In order to their personal satety, 
they had daily, or at least frequently, to attend the 
mass, the processions, and pilgrimages, as their ab- 
sence would have excited suspicions of their sin- 
cerity. An adherence to Protestantism, which was 
so little understood by the other party, would have 
been construed into a determined refusal to be 
a Christian. Especial strictness was observed with 
regard to their making aricular confessions, which 
had to be proved by confessional certificates. These 
were sometimes procured from Romanist friends, 
who, obtaining several, might have one to spare ; 
and more rarely by means of bribery. Jn this 
manner some managed to elude the Jesuits, when 
they held a visitation in their parish. 


% ATTTAHO 


9 KOT282 999 2—ALLSTHOT 4 SPRAPERTONS TARIAS 
fe W440) Pe ie eur—srrgeat WO HIGAD SUT 
VOITL -407-—VOHVANS IVT GO TOMM Ks Bametayt 
“409 TYSIDaSTle—eA IT 14 TO AOI ATA FO 

> ST*LTSRTON Bar 20 KOITIG 


iow hoi odw cimedol Yo eamidalui sconT 
eer jey veer tind atergtar of Hypnos aoiluloer 
oinw unorgiler dee sift, sxendins 03 boniloniath 
-nGroH to goniriaeqqi (svi. wilt wpola od soot 
hyevei tale div becigemt.od yom si sud ; atat 
exlwouue trdw shiw jnoltoougares. bas abutabetpall 
» sronne lanowdy tied) os tolio al! danoryn-tles bam 
wilt heona of orltcoupstt rool ta vo -glieh bad yor 
-de vied) 28 azpaniryliq bes amoleesvong oft aan 
-nls tint Yo endisiqeve beatioxs owed binew soage 
oan abide ,qrettiortevio(d oF voasisidhe mA zit 
onl bluow yerieg isidte alt qt hootmbhau ltl 08 
od of freitet boainriish o otal hownenoo sed 
iw bovtsdo gen eontote Inisoqud .oniteid) » 
doit 2noiasdtion ‘tolnsiin gaidem tid? od birgot 
genlT .estgoilipiee Inuotedinos yd bovong od of bud 
Ahooitt teimot ior betsetq smitanroa o1ow 
erage ereil nlvine lorves Qainicide dw 
ally al “seul Yo enwoar yd ylorer —s bits 
vurlw tinal sil ghyls 0} hupennin omtos 
sain sisi) ai noitatisiy « Me 


= 


De : 


SECRET PROTESTANTS. 329 


Here and there the secret Protestants and Utra- 
quists were yet so numerous, especially among the 
lower class, whose conversion was not so strictly 
attended to, that in many places there were scarcely 
three really Popish families. The Bible was secretly 
read, and whoever had an opportunity, went across 
the borders to hear Evangelical ministers. Occa- 
sionally there were some well-meaning and less 
prejudiced, or bribed provincial priests, who did not 
much disturb their parishioners in the use of their 
religious books, though these might be the works of 
Protestants; they even gave the people some 
warning hints, whenever the Jesuits and Domini- 
cans were about to make a search for books. But 
if detected in such kind actions, the humane priests 
were either imprisoned or dismissed, or at lcast re- 
moved to another parish. 

These secret Protestants were constantly con- 
firming and edifying themselves by an attentive 
and diligent perusal of the holy Scriptures, which 
had the greater value because it was prohibited. 
They were indeed without regular divines; but this 
was even advantageous in one respect, since there 
could be no occasion for disputation. Sometimes, 
however, they were visited by clergymen from Scla- 
vonia,* who after stationing sentinels in ditierent 
parts of the forest, secretly administered to them the 
holy sacrament in both forms, according to the ordi- 
nation of Christ. On these occasions they consoled 
themselves with the words of Jesus, John vi. 31; 
xy. 14. Information on this subject is given in the 
“ Evangelical Palm-tree,’ containing ‘* credible 
thoughts of the often and much oppressed, but 


* A kingdom of the house of Austria. 


* Gee evatestoa TaRose : ; 
at) btn etensestonl fowes alt ood? bas 6 


oly putoore 7ilcinage” emtomtua 08 f9Y oTsa aking 
vitotae of tou ar coletornos caody 2eslo tewol 
tev evw ovoly koatilg yonin of Ind? ot bebastte— 
¢ 


—— vidi of? avila deiqu9 ylleo1 sould 
= mon -Semmeqqe aa furl tsve0duy bas bar 
190 9 .2éisicur levilegmerG word ot eiobrod ods : 
ee! Tun voinwai-livw oonea ow orodt yllenole 

fod tah odw eroiny lnoatvony badind to bosihulanq 

galt Yo sey ot af errideliy Bolt drut sfooes 

ip advan silt nf tdpin send Aguodt zdood enoigiler 

omror slqooy silt svey aor yori j etactestorS 

-iniured how atime off) ecwle aiutd 2eimew 

wo tdood tet domes ode of trodes os ene 

ziesing scradurl wilt anditon brid dows ai betostsb Qt 

“ri teso) ie 40 sbominedb 10 fyaeainqurt wdiieotew = * 

; sdetrinp tuitons ot heroar a 
“noo eluzelenos. sow ahiamorrd goose seed - 
wine on qd sovlseard) guiviils bos. yoianh 
bith emigre ylod edt Io Leswtoq togilib baw 
botidilorg aw ti seuexed oulev-aatearg ot bed 
eit tod; santivil aeligor wodtiw biehat ore vod 
etal! pons Aanjest guy ot avorgehoavba mers exw 
eons aobsiiqeil ach wolemgoo-on od blaage 
-nlo%, saw, Reetrypwelo yd botiady wien qo pevrvawod 
texatiih at aloaiiice goivvites afte ody *winow 
wily volt of Doroteiticchs yiver908 revit yt lo 
~ibto ei!) of gaihaogos nist dod ui. od 
i 16 silty aslol gautel. to elrow sit dative. env! 
alt ah govig et davigloe cit) ao nottamaghnl ty 
sidibers + pulaiwmina “ysevit-1le- Inoiley 
jud jboeoryqo wat bite modto dat to: 


330 SECRET PROTESTANTS 


never yct wholly suppressed, confessors of the pure 
gospel in Bohemia.’ And Salig savs, in his cele- 
brated history of the Augsburg Confession, 1730: 
“Tf all those people, who are yet under oppression, 
were to come forward, we should be astonished at 
their great multitude!” Some oppressed Protest- 
ants had thus always remained in the country. 
They longed for their friends who had emigrated, 
and the emigrants sighed for thoze they had left 
at home. The author of the above-named ‘ Palm- 
tree” said in 1765, that the number of secret Pro- 
vestants, yet preserved by Providence in Bohemia, 
notwithstanding the numerous emigrations during 
the 17th century, and from 1722 to 1742, would 
best be ascertained, ‘‘ when Bohemia should one 
day be governed by a Protestant prince.” 

The last chapter of “the Book of Persecutions”’ 
treats of these remains of Utraquists and Brethren, 
Lutherans, and Reformed, in Bohemia, as _ the 
following extracts will shew. ‘As soon as the 
enemies began to prove victorious, the church had 
no want of pious teachers, who, publicly and pri- 
vately, in their sermons and writings, apprized the 
people of the impending persecutions, and exhorted 
them to be prepared. These persecutions levelled 
many pillars; most of the grandees, several of the 
clergy, and a large number of the people. But 
how has the honour of God, and the welfare of 
mankind been promoted? Scarcely shall we have 
tears enough sufficiently to lament over it. Among 
the great number of those, who renounced the 
Evangelical faith, not one was fully convinced that 
he was now about to enter the true path of salvation. 
From fear, and a desire of pleasing man, in thought- 


7 NEETU N  w ket 


eTeaTsaTORS TaRode 
snug tlt To srozcstro jloeeoreepow yllodw toy tovem 
slop aidot jeree pile bd “eivenlol at ot 
20658 wuolestiwd grodegedmld to yroteil baton 
aiken wine Ivy ow oftw aligns seed? io We 
 ieuleisetss ol Linde 2 Amwell oosie of otew 
Resor] beasts met “l ohudithon teen tigdt 
Yunvoy a) i Lenteces everwle endi bed cap 
desiergions bai olor ehusdlh vinlt sdk bogaol yedT 
Hlel bel yailt sead> wi ledgle aturrgiam off bas 
“led” joanr-srods oft to sorlewe ll ool te 
“orl yams to enlarum shi terlt GBT ai bias “sont 
sielett al sonsbivot! ad bovteeiay toy etentens 
wittinh enuttergiam svomni ol -gaibonteltinion 
blow SEL of SSCL sett hace ywnase al V8 eel 
on iijvoue nlursdot nodw jbagieraoen od tesd 
"wonky wrotetor't a yd imemvrog ad yah 
“atoitves#9T to doolf ot” to aetqails send of T 
noniioth hea ezinpent $6 snientet sel) Yo eter 
ali ae wield ai sborrviell bne zamedod 
wm en goor ak” = vos Mlive etoetizs yrdvolld 
bal dottde ods schotey evony oF aeyed ssintene 
“nq how yloildiry cove eral auoiq. to teow 8 
wh Desig: egotiiew bo atom tig nt jylstor 
lorie bas eaoitvovetoy duibuaqmt adi to alyoog 
boliovol attotteverog vacl'l borg od ot coeul 
wilt Yo dere ewiaung elt to seo yetalliq qenat 
wil lqusg ods to wedetue ogi @ baw yeyil 
to ouilow oft hae bo to wosodl-ody-ead wed 
ovinl ow Inde yinomet US botomon mood haidaam 
QeomA, tioveutweneil o9 zit UQuonsy amet 
ott boorcemgr ole seods to cmdetom Jesty gilt” 
Salt hoontvacos ell saw ono som dais f 
molierire lo diag cern tilt e100 07 Soda woo 
~Higvar) of wane yoireslg Yo onivolaw bun pandt 


- 


, ok 


_~ 


IN BOHEMIA. ool 


less, blind precipitancy, they forsook their faith, 
following the example of others; but they greatly 
violated their conscience. Do you suppose that 
your forced Catholics are really yours with an un- 
divided heart? Withdraw your gold, and your 
other means of allurement, remove your swords and 
your instruments of torture, proclaim liberty of 
conscience; and you will soon see whether they 
have really embraced your religion. O, boast not 
foolishly too much of those who have but joined 
you through compulsion, and with the view of 
pleasing man! But may God turn this to your 
benefit! The wheat has thus been cleansed from 
the chaff, and the gold from its dross. Now we see 
who was really and who feignedly a follower of 
Christ ; we see the streneth of the love of God, the 
weakness of pretended holiness, and whose love of 
religion exceeded their love of home! What will 
now become of the seduced people? With the 
apostle Paul we must weep over them; for what 
is predicted in the Revelations (xxi. 8) concerning 
the “ fearful and unbelieving?” Their danger 
is greater than they imagine. (Heb. vi. 4, 5. 
Gal. vi. 7.) But one seed has been left, which 
may grow to a plentiful harvest in the field of 
the Bohemian church; for 12,000 individuals con- 
tinued conscientious, and emigrated. Besides these, 
there are yet in Bohemia and Moravia upwards 
of 7,000 faithful believers, who were not so much 
oppressed in some districts of the less severe noble- 
men. Let no pious Christian envy them this 
grace! We also know that many, like Peter of 
old, have bitterly repented of their fall, which is 
evident from letters addressed by them to their 
former pastors. Others, who are not living far 


a blog im8y vrothalei tl = 8 areal 
hue ebrore tu0y overex senmetails Yo ensem tod 


seoqqee noy oO cuidate 


liayrg yods tad j emrlio Yo “old gaitwall 
out te dite e1w07 ‘zilaet vue eallulteD boot! su0y 


% prdlF minor syne? to areomnrtadl moy 
yor wwihtodw 90 coe Hiw wo burn. 5 somtaioaaoo 
fon tevod 0 nolgiler tooy basprdarm y!ieot svaul 
bentot sn? smi ode sods to dower oot yirlailudt 
to weir odt div bao oielegmmos dguonlt soy 
suey of ait ator bol) yor tel Lone: puleenlq 
mot beenpels need ents ancl dear odT  ltitomed 
ose gar wow, kerb eri mont blag end bon ,ttoils ota 
40 towolldl a vihomvist odw bine yllsor enw ode 
edt Lod to svol silt to slrgnotie adiegne ot 5 tein 
to svol seodw baw «xsollod bobmtoty lo eettew - -" 
iii ail Porro Yo vol sisdd bobysoxe uoigilor 
ail) dW = fulqooq beonhes. st do omroood wom 
uly +0) pth wsv0 qaow tever aw LlieT ologe 
atiiresnoo (8 ixx) enotalovedl oda.ai bosaihonpal 
wens YedT “{ yuivoilodei ban leleast * asl 
Db a9 dol) onigent quilt cual) tony a 
daitve yg) ved vol leoe ono tell Co ote le 
jo blot ot at teretod Iuotiteslg @ of wory yam 
-son dmibivibai 000.2! ro} ; doxla mnicadodl oft 
ehrewqu aivewell ben sinsdofl at toy ots ors 
downt of ton vtom-olw arevniled Lidsidd 00,040 
-otdon sievae aeal wilt bo aisicteih oonoa wi boxeogyo 
sol) quot yee nei: euoly om dod, angen aa 
to moet od yinter dud) wood cola oW- hooey 

at Hointoy Ut aiedth ‘to Wok “ytrontid: 
tid) or windy wd Rasiiat-kereteanll 
wil gaivil on om ow eroihO 


- 


332 SECRET PROTESTANTS 


from their Evangelical ministers, have again joined 
our church; while some are ardently longing 
for the time of their redemption, and would be 
ready, at all hazards, to return to their former faith. 
They, therefore, call more loudly than others for 
divine mercy, and like ourselves,* they take com- 
fort in their present troubles from a constant hope 
and trust in the help of God.” 

As the secret Protestants were constantly edifying 
and confirming themselves by the perusal of books, 
it Secame a chief object, with their opponents, to 
prevent all importation of Protestant writings into 
Bohemia, and completely to destroy those that were 
yet extant, after the many thousands which had al- 
ready been burned. Whoever possessed a Bible, 
was denounced, even from the pulpit, “as having 
the devil in his house.’”’ An instance has also 
been known where a boy of only fifteen years of 
age was most cruelly treated, entirely because an 
Evangelical Prayer-book had been seen in his posscs- 
sion. Secret promoters of the book-trade in Bohemia 
were sure to be visited with severe punishments. 

As no old religious works were tolerated in Bo- 
hemia, and the Protestants were not permitted to 
print new ones, these hidden believers satisfied their 
wants in the town of Zittau in Lusatia. This secret 
and adventurous trade in books was carried to a 
very flourishing condition in 1720, by the already 
named Wenzel Kleyeh; which individual was from 
Luzan near Leitomischl, and originally a peasant. 
Having incurred the threats of the authorities in his 
native place, by reading of Protestant books, he fled 
in 1705 with his wife and two little daughters to 
Zittau, where lhe maintained himself by manual 


* j, e, the ministers who took refuge in Holland. 


arvcTedTont Tawane 


bontio} aliga rad zretiatin lesllognavt 
ebasbie ove see fidw y dowd + 


af’ hind bas wnobomebs: tadt to oonlt orl 
JS Soot elf or remie oF wlrinsesd ifata woot 
a eee cthwol one Hos dberndt vad 
ois let pitt © scrbietirg SLT far pore eatviby : 
otjeul satvenoo s mort esitmott meewng tint nit 1? 
“bel to qed ody ni tentt has 
uitivithe 7 lineteies sn etiteteoten'T penne odd 2A” 
dood to lrnwreq ort yd eorfeemady yainetfinos bas 
of puromaqee sisd? Atte s26fde & oormoad 9 
olnt 2arhirn daxvesioi4 Jo noiseroequed {is inoveny 
ove Yall sent yottesl 61 ylevaiqarde ira wimodoet © 
“Ie bad deidw ebrusnortcrnocr sh Wily routes joy 
li a bowemog tered ber wed yben 
phivad ee” Siding lt mow asva sauoieb aaw 
cele and sonsteol oA "savor et i Nesh off 
to ety noon vine to vod s-sadw trond coed 
(iu nection “rising bateert’ ileum) tena en7 
ussenty ah ti woos aed oid Jood-t0tT lepifegaey. at 
nistodo€l n¥ shors-dood sitio erstonraty %1902 arts 
ranking styvse (ive botieir od of oe ow 
-o8 ut leseralel mivw edtow 2 ‘io ow 4A 
oF battiuvig jou stow eitatestond od) baw sired - 
Tis! Loftaltee ete7.ilod nebhid seat 2900 weer o 
deooe aT waiver T oF wetsiS Yo wor silt at 
& ot hott caw hot ut aan aaa 


ebooks ont-vd ETI ni aottibaas a eipset oer 
cuit eum Totibieebad lists tiloys sen Bn 


duinneq a Yhigite ban ditosiodiod 789 Ash 
zisl oi esishrodied ol) Yo eteurlt ald bortrroit paivel 
bull sib clout! gugeserord Yo yttibaot yd sonle 
of eoniguely alsit owt baw sin iil dw | 
Laenerniet >y\" hienaiee bsnintiiga ait rod 


IN BOHEMIA. 333 


labour. Some Hungarian Evangelical clergymen 
induced him to commence the book trade, and he 
established his principal depository in Teschen. 
Through Stremel’s printing-ofice in Zittau, he 
published in 1720 a Bohemian New Testament, 
with a preface and introduction by Christian Pes- 
check, the great-grandchild of him who was so 
tortured by the Jesuits that he died in his prison, 
and whose history we have already given above. 
By degrees Stremel printed many Bohemian works 
for them, such as Jacobii’s Prayers, Peschek’s Bo- 
hemian translation of Langhan’s Sermons for chil- 
dren, Moteschizky’s Lent Sermons, 1683; a Bohe- 
mian Hymn-book, 1685; and a Service, 1734. 
After the death of Kleych, about 1768, the business 
was continued by his son-in-law, Martin Horak, 
(Berger,) from the district of Czaslau, who pub- 
lished at Lauban various editions of Bohemian 
books, sometimes of 6000 copies each. He also 
procured the Bohemians some Bibles in their 
vernacular tongue, from Canstein’s Bible printing- 
\fice in Halle; and published the much-admired 
Spaletshi, 2. e. very small pocket prayer-books. 
For ten years Berger continued active in the 
interests of the secret Protestants of Bohemia. 

A Bohemian Hymn-book of 1800 hymns was 
also printed at Halle in 1737." Yhe works of the 
active Moteschizky, minister to the exiles in Zittau, 
were much valued in Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, and 
by the Slowakes in Hungary ; especially his transla- 
tion of German Domestic Homilies in 1668. Though 


* See Sarganek, in Act. Hist. Eccles. vi. 237, &c. There 
were about 5000 Bohemian hymns of the ‘Brethren,’ of 
Tramascius, and more modern authors. On the merits of Kleych 
see the Lusatian Magazine for 1840, 374, &c. 


ai Manon MET 
nourgyiols Lavileganra eohegnall oato# OCA 
ol bur had dood ot oscomimas oF mid beouhat 
spies T ai yroileoysh Inqloaitq sit orleildes 
of ES gi soffo-poitenq Sisave® Agsor, 
caverns’ Tare aslo 6 UST at bot 
wt Shien) vil noitantertal fare ovdierq s 
ce ar ‘olf aia! Ma hiitimerg-taarg oul Fac , 
sorsine, eet ut Baits ot smal) ativest out ed lerurnot 
eroda temig vheria vid st gine ofiod w bus 
edww aniarsiloll reaug hainhey tonterie. wortgeh yi : 
olf e‘JoloeT Pree Suilooel 34. aes : ny mt 
lida sd¥ snoaris® s‘nedgne.t Yo pottadeniu ustard 
-ottoll o BROT anomie tant 2° dxtileetolt, utoth 
tBT! etree ’s han < tent Jond-iergH anit 
syiniand wily 8801 twsds ats yolA Yo digoh of yoflA 
fewll atta orhl-ai-nce cid vd beomitaoo esw 
=doq ow jonlecsO Yo sortteit- odt mien (rye) | a 
taiiloll to envitihy encinn? savdual ae Lodeif 
oele SH slots exiquo 0008 5 “deititemos jsJoed ~ 
aied? «ai aeldil, ontoz “ensitasdoll ails hottioom:. 
sodigaing ohtidl e"ahtecn') aot 0Dited ialuoautey 
boriorbadonur od? beilvitog bem; salto iti Sofie 
elood-sovmg dx Meme writ oF idetolage 
mil at ‘ovitog batiniacs sayiolf ‘gyeyy (91 10°F 

duradtedl to etne1+91074 rota de eowini 
tow etree OORT Yo dood-mereHT titimtaoh A 
ili 16 edsow ad “*.NET! ui sllotl ¥@ bona off 
Wel oi galiza Silt Od toieinihia Aside 4 
at SS Eatonsiot! af baulie to 
-alanerd dial yflatongin t curgcio Hl at endewol® 


2G > 


iaoolT eupl st sitzomotl apr) Ton 7 
su» 2 368 a a 22h: gd a = =e 
“onde” oli Ye roluailedl. 0000. ss 


lle heme. 
as bE ot 


334 SECRET PROTESTANTS. 

these works were originally designed for the exiles 
of Bohemia, they were also eagerly sought after 
in the country itself; and the Zittau publishers 
thus contributed greatly to the preservation of 
Protestantism in the imperial territories. Kleych, 
however, did not publish his name on his books. 

In the year 1734 the King of Prussia made 
intercession on behalf of the Protestants in Bohemia ; 
and in the following year at the Diet of Ratisbon 
Bohemian deputies sought to obtain at least private 
religious exercise, or permission to emigrate. But 
a more decided proof of the prevalence of Evangeli- 
cal religion was given in 1738, when the Catholic 
clergy sent a list of secret Protestants in Bolie- 
mia to Vienna, where the archbishop also complained 
of their increase. 

Though the middle of the 18th century presents 
no example of a general persecution, because the 
former Evangelical families were now supposed to be 
extinct; there were nevertheless two causes of 
anxiety for the secret Protestants: first, the base and 
contemptuous treatment of individual Protestant 
foreigners, whose bodies were refused interment in 
the churchyards, and next the frequent reports of 
the persecution of Evangelicals in Hungary, of 
the great distresses they endured in Silesia, even 
until 1741, and especially of the cruel treatment of 
those in Steyermark, besides various other places, 
some of which have already been referred to. 

The actual number of secret Protestants in 
Bohemia, was at last revealed in 1781], a year 
which will ever be memorable in the religious his- 
tory of the country. 

This was the year, in which the enlightened and 
humane Emperor, Joseph IL, published the ecle- 


sce 


aie 
ee RRR Ee en cnn a fen ER cc SE 
> 


concernant Ber 


_ wa 
ra% 
syaxrearouT Tame > 


: diataloll i) ati | . 

wolbhell ‘to 20 od Iter yotvalldl ef ni bow 
owing tab 16 windy eb tdpave coool weimadot 
poll oberphere fd os 1 tion evrotyilvr 
riloguerd lw goavlersry oft} ‘towel faohiosh syomr B. 


odell gh etocstiord toe Wo dil a inne Pyle 
trrtilqmpoo wala qustsidilons ont unter dual Tot nites 
: aeesrpitt tists te 


‘sole ail 


Port! a eR A EN RTE TR IM 


SUPPRESSION OF THE JESUITS. aan 


brated Edict of Toleration, through which the non- 
catholic Christians in the imperial provinces, ob- 
tained, if not equal rights, at least toleration and the 
free exercise of their religion. No one could have 
been more exasperated at this, than the Jesuits; 
but these were removed, for a few generations at 
least, in 1773, in consequence of the famous bull on 
that subject, of Pope Clement XIV. 

This occasioned in Bohemia, and especially in 
Prague, no trifling change, to the advantage of 
the Protestants. They now enjoyed the free and 
undisturbed exercise of their religion, and full 
and unrestricted civil rights, and were released from 
the interference of the Popish clergy in their church 
affairs; all that they were yet bound to do was, to 
report their ecclesiastical proceedings to the parish 
minister, and to contribute to the surplice fees. 

Pelzel, referring to these events, remarks, that 
“ fortunate as was the year 1773, for the inhabi- 
tants of Bohemia; just as unfortunate it proved 
for one of the most celebrated and most powerful 
orders, namely, the Jesuits. Pope Clement XIV., 
had thought proper entirely to dissolve this order. 
And on the 4th of September, the papal Bull 
for their dissolution, was published at Prague ; 
and soon afterwards, on the 5th of October, it was 
read to the members in the Profession-house on the 
Kleinseite, and to those who were in the colleges 
of the old and new-town. By an order of the Bull, 
the abolished Jesuits had to lay aside the habili- 
ments of their order, and to dress like the secular 
clergy. Eight or ten days were allowed them to 

remain together in their houses, until they had pro- 
cured the necessary articles of dress, towards which 
each received 120 guilders; board and apartments 


ae Rarsemt ar TO worsen eaIOe ~ 
-nou sitt-tloiitey Aguatilt seoitereloT 40 sob Beopseel 
Mo aonivoty inveqast sit ai edniteiad® siloding 


_se eens wy a Wl yiprasm: ‘ow assdd tind 


we Mad anos mit Yo nawaitpaaitih’ ai VST a tenol 


nt ‘rilatowges hue cistedoll ai henviensso vit T 
to sgetenvbs odt of spands: gailier on organ 
hin: co edt hoynje woe Yad edewtestord ail 
fit Ine ,adigiler tivdt saigre hetrdetbau 
prot hosmalen grove bor etait Hyiy Ietunteonar bee 
dopa tio mt qyials akiqot eff lo somnctralai nds 
of gen 0b oF haved ior orm quilt jade Ile yettals 
dsisaq 9d? of spuibesoorq leviieckeloce shod) toques 
2 elise od) Of studitiaes ot ieee raleisrinn 
sont aktanret ginove aeoda oF golreber, Jesled 
-jdnilal ult woh OTE “er dit eew 20 Shona 
bevoxy di etacmrtatry ea sxnj, yeiarodofl Yo: stant 
Ivvrawoy ‘two bar bojsideley tour os Jo auo tot 
eVEZ doom!) oqo etivel adh _-yfomuaerobto 
jolt ails avinaib of -gloutes woqory tiguoddt fad 
Huth feqnq elt -mdrtomqo% Yo alek add 1x0 SA 
sorgatl te bodsiideq aunt nottalosel sind wt 
anw af tédetoO ‘to 1d orld no. ebtew oie n00 bas 
4ift no. severl-coieestorT oft ot stadaront odt of bags 
aygoliay oly wi stow Ortw sadly od ban aisentol A 
inl si9 tovwbro an yf. verotewaon Inte blo oils Po 
Vide 48% ohtea vyel of bad efivesl: badelfodis onlt 
gels gilt ail eek ot ben gobo riod tomheont 
oF code bowel pio 2yeh aor ro tyil ey 
~orrey tl fin zoanoil iat-ekspiliegot 
doit sleet gave “ho toboi tit: 
vrontiaqa baw faded; subliing OSD, 


= 


“6 


eh PTA EIDE 


336 EDICT OF TOLERATION. 


were also provided for them in the town. They 
then gradually departed from their colleces. The 
Government took possession of all their estates and 
property, and gave sixteen guilders a month to cach 
priest, until they could be provided for by other 
means. And thus terminated for a season, this 
remarkable order, which had been introduced into 
Prague, immediately after its establishment, which 
had so greatly increased in Bohemia, where its porses- 
sions amounted to upwards of eight millions, and 
which had produced more learned men in that coun- 
try, than ali the other popish orders taken together. 
This body at the time of its suppression, nuinbered, 
in Bohemia and Moravia, 1130 members, who had 
twenty large colleges and twelve residences.” ‘The 
opinions concerning this dissolution have been very 
various, but it will easily be imagined, what tho-e 
Bohemians, who favoured Protestantism, thought 
and felt on that subject. 

After this dissolution, Joseph’s Toleration-Hdict 
of the 13th October, 1781, appeared ; having been 
preceded on the 4th of May, by an order, rendering 
null and void the Papal Bulls “ in coena Domin,’* 
and “ Unigenitus,’t and on the 30th of June by a 
cabinet decree, which repealed all restrictions for- 
merly imposed on the Protestants. This edict (simi- 
lar to the privileges granted by Rudolph in favour 
of the Protestants, and to the edict of Nantes given 


* The Bull in cena Domini, is a bull read every year on 
Maundy-Thursday, in the Pope’s presence, containing various 
excommunications and exccrations against heretics. 

+ Unigenitus, called also the constitution; this famous bull, 
deriving its denomination from the initial word, was issued in 
1713 by Clement XI., and in which Quesnel’s book, entitled 
“¢ Moral Reflections oa the New ‘l'estament” was condemned, and 
101 propositions containcd in it were pronounced heretical. 


mictansenndh elonetimineny I 


la 


- 
a a geet 7 
7 = ane 6 <a 


We joogatlver inal? stot aly ak 
fare watbies teat Ula Yo noieevernd, 2007 


ae are oe bie a i 7 
arch ee alt ae ow 


.eovtauiatet 1p ‘sora 
ql f oneal ont wk madd oo 


ran rp log nig ri 


dude suomaetiiutes ath apt elisa fanaa 

open reed de ii botpartone Gerri Os 
bay onoiie ain ja slnnuqy a, wa0ie 
apy dal a reo tratual orm por slot a 


wulisget mda eb, dyiqog yiite am 
Aerevtymate qubeeunqayia ait to otirid it ti bod « ou aer= 
bid aby eealstaia OBL eerie bie sinelodl mt 
ott “xonghien orlaws Lan wrgallon equal ve 
vor sand otal cuytishestly ately Qaiuneaouw anorahqe 
want) tolve,beargeutt xd yliewn Miw ai tad ory 
tihsiodd wobacteatos baie rol ow Ria): 
ssjglig. Stult baat wo 4 bow 
pibtt-aoiewlyT | a‘siqoaob, ond hh, wilh 


ind gent abeuery » f8vL . ie : alt to 

yntbobpot Abie 16 ¥ otal Yo sh oli te wbaoerg “ 
inh ame ai” atladl Lacy tn ih hin Now , 7 
« vl oul To ye oil io fare y au* han, 


wi a a on, on miaol dnaidlaa eo: : 
“ivtia) tothe : oi agent “chaoes 
pe sonpliviny aul! o 7 


ne HY — Wan wi iti andi a ® 
ais ut aman oe os On 


; wlteniloge tovint ne 
PR ee: sia ba lbh 
ui Dodedl any yuat Wild adi -qely 
beltitas dood Bevis sr thee it ‘nae 
borwebonyeow “uoneniectt wall nal nial 


hae 
denned basumgagmy anne 2 mk boa nr 


LO 
oe eC EET ILI A IOS SO ET 
SFTP Te ee EEE TTT TT ATEN REET 
eee cemmnemnneniinidiielnemmmaameiaiiaaits 7 


OF TOLERATION. Bar 
by Henry IV. of France,) for which the nation was 
already prepared by various enactments* of the Em- 
press Maria Theresa, the mother of Joseph, who 
openly evinced a mild and tolerating disposition— 
created an uncommonly great sensation. On the 
one hand it occasioned the liveliest joy, combined 
with the deepest gratitude to the good father of his 
subjects, the ever memorable Emperor Joseph II ;+ 
but among some it produced great indignation, for 
they thought that the sovereign had no power to 
grant that which could only be properly discussed 
and settled in Rome, where it certainly would have 
met with the greatest disapprobation, since it was 
wholly opposed to the principles of the conclave 
there. 

Nor were those doctrines yet entirely forgotten 
which the Jesuits had in their writings and sermons, 
at the confessional and in various other ways, im- 
pressed on the minds of the rulers: that they were 
bound to persecute and expel, or rather extirpate 
all these, whom they (the Jesuits) denounced as 
heretics, and towards whom no faith was to be ob- 
served; but they wee to be deprived of their 
offices, dignities and privileges, without regard to 
treaty, constitution, or promise; that neither the 


* Thus a church was consecrated in the year 1776 for the 
Greek Christians at Vienna, in the presence of the Empress 
Maria Theresa, and the service was performed in the [yrian 
tongue. Non-conforming Greeks had permission for private 
worship. 

+ This edict was called: ‘The most precious pearl in Joseph’s 
crown.’ A house near the old shambles of Vienna, bears the 
following remarkable inscription referring to that period: ‘ This 
house is perishable ; but Joseph’s fame will! last for ever. Tle 
gave toleration, and that gave him immortality.” 

' VOL. IIL. yA 


—_ 


- thts We hovinqol ed oF Oey eon 


FER Mosrthnsior ” 


suw Gulia oily taille vol (0 [Yo | 

anil alt Ta *Hocustone avotnry as 
oiiw (Hansel to wiliour old toot 
—nelttiaogedh aeltemlor bum lig 
os HO .wolliiname Tesy 


“gu, wate: 3 . 
ail to cae lira WY OT ue" die 
i; MT gia sequell oldaroaten wos silt sooiloe 
net cobtaneyitel tery booubeny 4 ontos iit tue 
ot eyting wy tak ayivrovda ada tadt téguods yoult 
higadavivaile ad yfae ‘Wing dolity ial) toerg 
ovedl Luow Jian ti vole anol si healydoe femme. 
ewe Vt aniie Tuatacnoll f el) Ajlw dam 
yvikaias aut Yo rn alt 68 mye aes 
Avro 


aaiiagn vlonitas in p wnnes0l wedalt on x0v/ 

aotrim Tun egniive ited? iil teal atten’ wits pide 
Ai ard wilta exehuy a) Dat taachetaoa ol) te 
prow ods tad: :evolun dily So stivten ort ao Deseog 
aimiptliiey woltet 70° loqxs ben’ ahisetteg ‘ot haved 
an hopunertel Caiivest als) You mvoiw oaoilt the 
ado of ot dow sili on exoile vane 


of frags tueddia igillving tan ‘attingth esaifto 
auld rid fet tuts paimony Ww abasa Chie 


ww 2S sng tomate town a aud * 


Soa ao et aoe omer te 
fey oiler had galeihuen-novt auynot 


‘aeslaita rea oT ae 
, . alliemae blo wt rman hen 
eoingiveant video aen ; 


renee AN SOT 


338 THE EDICT 


number, nor the power, nor the usefulness of 


the heretics, were to be taken into consideration : 
and that the rulers had no choice, beine bound to 
persecute the heretic even to death, althouel: he 
should be a Prince. The same Jesuits, who felt 
agerieved when not permitted to settle in Eneland, 
although tolerated in Ethiopia, Persia, &e., would 
not allow the Protestants to complain, when they 
were to be expelled from Bohemia, and were no 
longer to be considered as fellow-christians. 

Still what Joseph granted, was only a_tole- 
ration-edict, a permission, or indulgence,* and hy 
no means an equalization of rights, (against which 
the Emperor himself would however have had no 
objection,) or an authority to hold public Protestant 
worship. They were not yet permitted to have 
their own proper churches; the grant extended 
only to “ private worship.” They could only 
have “ houses of prayer,” without spires, or bells, 
without a portal in front of the street, and with 
common windows only; nor were they to be buit 
of stone, but only of wood and clay, and then not 
inside the towns. ‘T’.e members of the community 
were moreover to remain tributary to the Catholic 
clergy, and much was done to aggravate all these 
circumstances, 

Still the joy of the Protestants on this occasion 
was justly very great. The Emperor and the priest- 
hood saw with astonishment how many individuals 
at once confessed that they were really not Romanists 
but Protestants.t Those families which had through 

* In Hungary, however, the Protestants were not only fole- 
rated but even privileged. 


+ ‘Jlussitism has still a deep root in Bohemia; and with 
any degree of attention one perceives it here and there under the 


“ Seka ete ian aaa ales en ae EN 
peak Salta a el an litle ees 


ets ae, 
toe (eenlalons Git tet tS 7eeH) aula vom sted 


made ora’ apdct od. OF, OOF, sinod of 
opel shal sapioda ot ed silt i 


ot 2 ee uitige 4 aber AO Sg TONAL 

eh l®. Thi od ioe fore rh tae Hed 

walt Pere aoe aii 

on ere hii flit a ca 
mypitehiole- welll ao hombigionad 

Aad 6 alee ath going deyaeet, tora live 

igst davies teounsglithnl 10 oii & gothe-noiue  ~ 

doulee tusage) etiyit Yo wot jim actaoin OF 

wu Jul gral tovenod. Livow, t  prsgeet adi 

jraudenterr“h wikding, hlorl_o3 qponmg ne 40 (4 emotions 


—— a 


< 


an itor okt qidliaw olaviny " oie . 

lly go gaceahage ments “aman. Ye woul * 

tiw ban oovta ola to dnote et on 

tind od at gee) raw vost ; vine awobaiv soermo> 

vou wad) han ayslo bre hoow ta wine sod note 0 4 

pti oda Yo exnhasac iT. awed ae 

nilodte) gal ab ysutadies gece soa sqyyosnore 

vould. Ie otaverrg ge ot snob aeu mit hy 
wsonnvonmnis 


noe: silt Se ediatied 4 a took * alt tae 


re Lng os sats 
ereinmmnadl tor gflawn stow yradh inl 
laawaty bed Satalar onl finned alld a 


Ait yloo Son aaa } etivaianlon’ eal 
igh ae 5 
oi (hao ovods Loa Ti 


ret AY GOR OAR LES ED EET TRS 


OF TOLERATION. 339 


compulsion, seemingly become Romanists during 
the anti-reformation were, however, so dispersed 
among the Popish population, that they had often 
some difficulty in finding certain central points for 
the erection of their houses of prayer. They had 
still to contend with great difficulties; for the 
people were poor, the state gave them no assistance 
whatever, and foreign benevolence was, generally 
speaking, their only resource. Besides the chapels 
there were also parsonages, ministers’ salaries, and 
many other things to be provided for, and schools 
were at least very desirable. These difficulties 
were aggravated by those who would fain have 
deprived the Protestants of their newly-acquired 
privileges. That numerous obstacles were thrown 
in their way, will easily be imagined by all who 
know the haughty pretensions of the Popish church ; 
and it required some courage to join those who 
were about to form an Evangelical community. 
The Emperor was fully aware that his arrange- 
ment would not continue without opposition, and 
he was there. ve desirous that some rational and 
humane priests should instruct the people in the 
justice of his proceedings. While, therefore, several 
Popish festivals were abolished, the Emperor in- 
stituted a Toleration festival, in which the duty 
of religious toleration might always be recom- 
mended.* One of the remarkable writings of 


cloak of Catholicism, with a slight admixture of the Greek 
doctrines,” says the close observer Kohl, in his Travels in the 
Austrian States. Dresden, 1832, p. 257. 

* In the Vienna Hymn-book there is an especial hymn 
for toleration. The first toleration festival in Upper Austria 
was celebrated October 13th, 1787, at Edt near Linz, on the 


ZU 


eviinnihth sea T 
wed hd bleow olw yaods gt Dolerargge sew 
feniap aylwor sivilt ‘to atontésterT ols hovinqab 
weed! stew ssbade exonman atl 2ogaliving 
dw fa vd dengeri of viva Iw -yoe wor at 
Horunla deiqo") ont Yo andtanatorg yidynel old wood 
eile seeilt nloj oF wgetes pame bottepet_ it bin 
euininds fnailgaovdl. am wri of Jooda ot 
gown sul Salt stawe yi sew coraquret oft 
hes aroilieaqqo tuodtiw sumtitaes Jon blyow Jagat 
ban Pevetie: amore Jad? enoreeh wr ‘eodt exw tl 
alt ct yoo oly dourtant Muode etesinq soared 
frvsvse osotered) oli 7 egotheonoty sid Yo soitanj, 
-it Towel oli .bareiloda Stow alevitesl deiqo"t 
vik ott doidw ai ,lrvite aoitetaloT, 2 hottie 
-trooat “od eyentla dekgien lege, coe 
Yo aeynitirw oldsdinmsr ait Te en  *.bobuse: 


fuer oft Yo cowseimbs julgile w ite ,meistlodia2% ateols 
sil ab aloewiT ail oi Jitol serieedo gualo od ene “ieminiogh 

0 gg RO giant ental aglviens. 
aured Telasqes aa «i — dood nary ll sents od). gl. * 
ohn at terion cot dw wT wi 
4ily ao arom HA te SARL ayes oemie “ 
® +14 = = wu 


340 THE EDICT 


that period is a circular of Jolin Leopold Hay, the 
then Bishop of Konigingriaz, dated Noy. 20th, 1781, 
and addressed to the clergy ; in which he expresses 
his fear, that there might be some who, led by their 
zeal for conversion, would think they were doing a 
godly work, by delivering bitter controversial 
sermons against their fellow creatures of another 
creed, or by causing them other annoyance equally 
opposed to the spirit of Christianity, and thus, in- 
stead of forwarding the welfare of the church and 
state, they would only be tearing asunder the bonds 
of love. “In your pulpits,” he says, “ you are 
entirely to abstain from controversial sermons, 
which are equally annoying to both Catholics and 
Protestants. The former must be displeased with 
the implied suspicion, the latter must necessarily be 
exasperated by the bitter tone of the discourse. 
Instead thereof, you should explain the gospel on 
Sundays and holy-days, in such a manner as to 
benefit the people, both in their spiritual and 
temporal condition’ This source alone is quite 
inexhaustible.” 

He also says, that in the “ Concilio Tridentino,” 
Luther and Calvin are not mentioned by name; 
neither should they name them, nor take away books 
from the people; and on baptizing or burying a Pro- 
testant, they were to omit such parts of the service 
as did not suit the party, such as the questions con- 
cerning faith in the Roman Catholie church, and 
purgatory. 

It is also remarkable, that the inquisition for 
proposition of the Superintendent Thiclisch. But many of the 
clergy thought, as the one who wrote ‘‘Religio introducta 
Lutherana and Calyinistica, pro dolor ! ob concordata tolerari 


cogitur!” See the letter in the German Museum, 175,’, u. 157. 


cia nas seria REE a BE A 


sik pes aa SL aL a i SP SA SG 


et ee 


r 


deeeTiTiOn voitid “gaitgeilah yd chow “bog, 


-adtv"Ve wont Sill” dlvellaltT tarohirssnevaqu® wilt Yo ce 


mndv eer CF < 
» a 
oilt ete Hloyont milet Ya arden ra 
ett MOE ve% beanb Siregerigy Yo qo 
exestttrs od ain on _ cptals aie ot a bit 
ails nl hal erly onto tul nigios vent gaits ,7eat aid 


& gatiol) wow yotly Anidt bine nine ao wit Tow - 


noiionh To evnuetaors -wollel tad teniegé, aoerge \ 
linn pe weiescorea *oMito uray yeti yd 10 feats 
ot Staelt Ite celingietald to figs. a ot hesoqyo 
bin Gemiks sdf Yo olllsw odd piiiewment Yo base 
hued silt Yoleruen pikrest od yino Minow yeaclt tate 
ma tog yee ot “atiqhug aoe wt arol to 
equarrsk Aiderovotitoo moi) ~oiatea 08 yeti 
(uns MittotaD sliod ot _attomue “Ylanps ve thoister 
(hin fama od Fevar soil oF? wanteotorl 
od efiretexnon taunt tottel ot nopstqens ‘lila odli 
oxineskit alt Jo ‘ood valid wd qd Totuoqanna 
no Torjatg ett wialqxg bho poy dostodlt begieal 
on 20, conimiet x foie at eyobeyledl Saw ezebage: 
a tit died pa oilt inte . 
stop ae anole setwos aitlT *peitthaes Lioqarat 
“oldiveundzont 
4 giinoblyT wilionto’) * “oils av seth) epoe ele off 
pment ¢d Bemoticoar yor au awe bas rodlindl 
adodd que bAat tom silt orn ‘Coult (iwedta rect tion 
~onL #'gnignd 40 gaixtiqad ro baw y olyouq onlt merit 
wnivase bit To ettoq dowe dito af snow yal ,tmetest | 
-nod andtleonp oft ae ilove pyting oft Sime tom bib ae 
hive theres silos rgitoSl alt ai dvisY yniwteo 


1) coitierepal godt tl oldest ot ai a 


charlieg: wigilat"* okaw od sae oft ah: Ae 
iwale) enbeandeg de Sowlol) ety « 


Pe newt crore neue died) ni isivol oil) 982 


OF TOLERATION. 341 


books, which had so long been prosecuted under 
sanction of the law, was abolished on the 4th of 
October, 1781. The bishop of Konigingriiz alluded 
to this subject in his address to his clerey:—‘“ Be 
it Known unto you, that henceforth no one may 
presume to disturb the domestic peace of families, 
pry into the secrets of private houses, or or seize 
a book from any individual. Those who are per- 
mitted to enjoy liberty of conscience and_ public 
worship, must necessarily be also left in the enjoy- 
ment of whatever tends to their spiritual comfort, 
or the divine service to which they adhere.” He 
also prohibits his clergy from using any importuni- 
ties towards dying Protestants, and expresses a wish 
that they would no longer be so strict in refusing 
burial in Roman Catholic churchyards, but use great 
discretion, in order to avoid disturbance among the 
common people. 

The name Calvinist having of a long time been 
very hateful, it was deemed prudent not to renew 
it; the people of that sect were therefore said to be 
of the He’ vetian, and the Lutherans of the Augs- 
burg Confession. Several German Protestants 
settled in the Austrian territories, though all traces 
of distrust, ill-will, and intolerance were not yet 
obliterated, but, on the contrary, a greater opposition 
was evinced. 

The clerical and secular authorities were imme- 
diately supplied with special rules, as to how they 
should proceed in matters of toleration. Every one 
desirous of adhering to another confession was to 
announce his intention to the local authorities, and 
the latter were to report the case. The non-catho- 


Deel aot Pee on ee 
Th ‘Link (mk erent dood # 


Ibe worranatie tO 
cohisw badwneon wind ano ‘x Suc Ait ashen 
to dit ody na buleilods enw’ pal eit To monomer 
bottle Siranegian a ‘e qoistd ott BT eradotot ; 

a Ma sygiels viel ot aerildan alll al so ye oillt of 
yoie sib ont divtoonod deel oy Otay word a 


1 
orang orn cally eel Lenbtti | 
aildug fs sousivanon to “yriedil qojae of bation 
<poje oli ai fl ala od plenmegoner tease qiderow 7 
undies lantiviqa stindi on elmer agveindw ‘jo mn 
oF “\otiulbie Yor ishle of sshvee suttvib. galt 70 
Sayrroqai You ‘quiet aot “gyisls eid atidilotq oale 
fein n exeriqxs Dan sail garg shrew et esis 
gnlevtir ni sith oe od wyach ott Idvew gods a 
dowry seit dud shiszilvtnds silodte’) exeroll al Ieitud 
eds giomn sonndswieih biova of seb sl Hoiierge 

| = ty lt Doge | 
wood sai) gaol » to naivall faiviivin) outed of - 
wane ob tou tasburg bors agw si Julsdndl yao 


od of bisa Sectowadi atyw tose andy Yo ras ee 
ceauh oils To enue ot ham sualtoy SH 

atnmmetond =o necrat) lewred pokes) 7 r 
goes Te tiguod) »rottvies nofteih odd st by 
ing ton stow vnmaloiut baw lft Mi dew 
poidizoqqe taismg x . tte axld Ho std 


menses abifivodtus. ralui9 I 
gull wort of e& gatur tnivege Asiw 1 
ono rovil Sallisiod Weasel ial 


vous of 


ot enw soinadteo> | yor 
Dan eotttrqulene bevel ult oi erode eit yO tttsO4 


| tac Be “SH HR oh Hoke 


342 THE EDICT 
lics* were not to molest their Catholic fellow-citizens 
on account of their religion, nor to disturb or despise 
their public worship, nor to use any violence, cither 
against the churches or their linages, and to abstain 
in all assemblies from religious controversies. — Pro- 
testant children were not to be neglected in the 
public schools, and private houses were no longer to 
be searched for Lutheran books. The Romanists 
were to shew all manner of love and friendship to 
their “ erring’ fellow-christians, the authorities 
were neither to evince hatred or ill-will towards 
them, nor to make any difference in the infliction 
of punishments. The non-catholics were henceforth 
entitled to purchase houses and estates, to acquire 
citizenship and the privileges of masters, to share 
in academical honours and government offices, with- 
out rendering any other oath than that which 
should be in conformity with their religious principles. 
In all elections and appointments regard should 
merely be had tc the respectability, capacity, 
Christian and moral conduct of the candidates, 
without reference to difference in their religion. 
Nor were the non-catholies to be disturbed in the 
performance of their devotions. If it should be 
necessary to inflict a punishment, they must be in- 
formed, that it did not take place on account of their 
religion ; and if the Romanist should have originated 
the offence, he must, without distinction, equally be 
subjected to the penalty. In their discourses and 
instructions the clergy were to refrain from reproach- 
ful and abusive language, to impress their hearers 


* Thus styled in the official publications, wherein they 
delicately made use merely of a negative expression. 


aparece a Medibtididtne LEaiRe a Lie M ete ae Ae 


came Lidia as eae dadeaeie Sa sree: 


Het iiinrewacnnle Kanow 


tiem 


eicat 


om noe zu tense 


Nt RISE EE Aa nT A SS 


_ a 
ee OD 
104 aut 4 eS 


saptiiiondllet oiordzt) vial sevtowe ef Yor 12 


cokyeot to dinielh Gt tor worgitor sige to ntbo%a HO 
alti popeeniohe ite tt OT LOM, tHanow oft aie 
seiitlolag fon eeygrnmnt “els “30> olan wate sehiaga” 
ot aeyerinns edtyilar tot woliderooan I nit ; 
ot see tzont ol oF tort oro ywerblide  Seeieai 
“Tay Pequal of prere BoM 95 bebe sloodoe a | 
vcdnmandt, 40°C eaood! amiodtind wl bodotese od” 
or yithoot bar aral Wo soditert He voile of ote 
wsivrioilinn ody \eintternl>-wolldl “grbri *: tialf 
eleanor Hw IH ra beytial sonive at tiltia 109" 
waritted oli ‘ai aowrroniby vA oder oF rou volt 
dite ome evilodin-con ad't  aivennleinag Yo” 
ethipan of eatates hom patio sendiyttiq of bolsitas.” 
mints oF siatesin Yo 2xgaliving ody bax qidecositiy 
alive aayfe dmimereveg bas emondid Ieintobson cf 
toule dude mad) Mao wwilto Yes Yohshiot 199 
soleioning ancdigiiot tisst diiw yiimmotaes aread bitionfe | 
ilvodle Gry ae uenes s ‘bam ‘enwiisoly lle al 
Py bed od © een 


ddd boned 
imtenigive avait bisorle seinamoll pilt Vi bug ; roigifet 
ad “ltirper ,woitorisai strode oil sontte ott 
ov ey wih it oy yornapilare 
-Rvinceregert ereeet axietto ot Stow ‘ygtaly oul? entoiiat 


ertentl tilt Mommi o ergatngant 


ott witnalw geaoitonitdieg Anis otk Male 
_poleemnigan sritaga «Yo Yaseas ven shined i 


NTE LET POT TT 


OF TOLERATION. 343 


more with religion and morality, than with erudition 
and theological differences, which the people could 
not comprehend. But the Protestants were pro- 
hibited from using any linportunities or persuasions, 
whereby Romanist subjects might be reduced to 
apostacy. By a later explanation of the toleration 
edict, all persons announcing themselves non- 
catholic subjects were to be called before the 
authorities, and, in the presence of a clergyman, to 
be questioned on their religion and their principles. 
The ignorant and the wavering were to be in- 
structed and exhorted to return to the Popish 
religion. 
Where non-catholic schoolmasters were not yet 
appointed, the children were to learn reading and 
writing, at least, in the Romanist schools ; baptisms, 
marriages, and burials, were also to be continued by 
the Popish priests until the erection of a proper 
meeting-house. The teacliers to be appointed must 
be natives who have been educated in the normal 
school. The appointments and salaries of the pastors 
and teachers of the non-catholies, are to be wholly 
left to the management of that body. Asa preroga- 
tive of the established religion, the Romanists shall be 
permitted (at the demand of the clergy, no doubt) to 
visit a non-catholic invalid, once of his own accord, 
without being asked to do so, to offer him his 
assistance, and if the invalid desires to return to the 
Romanist religion, he is to receive every support. 
The Romanist clergy are, however, to shew on 
such oceasions the greatest gentleness, moderation, 
and love, and to refrain from all importunities, 
whenever the invalid declines their assistance. The 
registers of baptisms, marriages, and burials, are 


* 
ae 


ind = = od 


Ce 
oe 
. 


BRE #orraiaser to —— 
poli barat paald .yiilevows bets soigilsrdiiy stout 
Lives alqosg, odt ssn! auststibd imigelosdshma 
ott orem atuniestotd old rmbt Dbaroilorqnres tot 
Atoleueto 19 znitiaatroqntl yne pater stott Deodiibisl 
ot aoulen oc! sgier stnojdua séiemmenoll qdorsitw 
_ woitugales ail) Yo noitanalyxe wish « yh | -yosteoqa 
=~“ sovlogcnnis . gaisauoonn secray ia" Astle 
ad) gted belle od, of sew atoopdie nilowdiao 
ob anatygels 4 Wo nonoestp ants a dine zsittrodtos 
oly inutig tod? Lure porgilort tielt wo touciieenp ad 
nied of Grow guiwrsw ed? Inte amrromgt aT 
diigo) odlt- 09 miter ot botroday fore hatsuwte 
nobgifer 
soy, ton o07r smibnnlookbe silodtes-ton dW 
ban gribest mol of ssow sothlitela ,boiniogge 
aiusitqad ; aloordos jeitiagio Sl old wi enel da panitiow 
yd bouaitaes od of cela 190 sland bas eergeittamn 
noquig # To noline oft Titan eter daiqod als 
tonne betaicgqe od of migiasot oFP  sewod -gaitoon 
jourvon oft ui borenbe isd oval’ odw eovitened 
erotanq od teeolisles bas saomaiogye-ofT  .loodse 
qlorte, od of ove .2nilodino-siom silt to erodoest hae 
-rgvtong Bel hou tel Yo deeotegenna ails 09 Sof 
od Unele eteranmo ail) worgilor jedethdiates of) To ovit 
ot (iduob ot. agytvlo oli 10 Lonestar te) battioweg 
Jstoooe avo eid lo s900. .bifmrat otforlien-non 9 titer 
aid orl who ot 08 obo} bodes gaind amoiltiw 
odd of cutter of exieob bilevnt oda li bre sommeies 
sroqque Goro gvrisowr ot at od ,noigilon dsimaaroll 
no wale col. .vitwrod on pyle seinomo aff 
nolewboar aewalley torong oilt enoiatodo tome 
 gobinermoqet fa gent winter et baa svol Tae 
odl'T — sotrntelega vient? eonilsot: Kilov ai silt 1 
ow sletod “bun aogetrica ,emeiqnd lo 


344 THE EDICT 


-also for the future to be kept by the Popish priests 
of the place. 

When desirous of appointing a pastor, the uon- 
catholics must forward testimonials of moral con- 
duct and capacity to receive the royal confirmation, 
either from the Teschen consistory of the Auvesbure 
confession, or from the superintendent of Hunvary. 
The provincial authorities were also instructed ¢ 
see that the erection of mecting-houses did not injure 
the state of trade, so that the revenue might not 
suffer thereby. Collections towards the building 
expenscs of the meeting-houses were to be made out 
of the country. 

According to an act of the 27th July, 1782, the 
non-catholics were permitted to select their preachers 
(pastors without the title) from Hungary, Austrian 
Silesia, and in extreme cases from the kingdom, 
but by no means from Saxony, or Prussian Silé sia. 
Whenever the non-catholics could number one hun- 
dred families, or five hundred individuals, they were 
to be entitled to a preacher; but to save expenses, 
communities were, as much as possible, to unite mone. 

Sacerdotal fees and dues were to be paid to the 
Catholic clergy, but not to the sexton or school- 
master. Wherever Popisli priests were yet perform- 
ing marriages and burials for non-catholics, they 
were to act as in Silesia, where the marriage service 
is read in German, and the corpse is accompanicd 
by the officiating priest, without however con- 
secrating the grave. Some talented, gentle, and 
discreet clergymen were to be chosen to receive the 
declarations of non-catholics, and their questions 
were to be short and pithy. Jt was recommended to 
use caution and moderation in all affairs of tolera- 


“ a 


qoted ae os 
eredtuay tlehge'T ott ed aad od oF orsantadl onl 


snc 


io eal) Saleen 0 qatiaio'@ WwW aoriadh aol i 
ie naa! Aw soigonsitns brash Amat goe 
asolention fayert aad ecchorees cot ysiomeyes Larue 


+ 


ais Ve yvoteernen seoitoenT oath cco vaio. 


oy tele ets = 
ern Wo tivediernterrgqgee ot wd 90, 


ut boratient vole stew anisinodinn ixtoeivorq: 


wrnyfi sO Pils omni agi tv areas aired ORB. 


ieer syne anirret oft tabt at phew Jo onda, 
qnibfind sdt- ebverel aroitsato 2 agdonadls, wate 
wir oboe Bll OF Ow anatrod-yiidaeah ot Yo soaragee 
| wageenwoa ARQ 
gild GATiigelul AiTS-odt To tometer grileooghs 


a 


epatodony tal? toolor or lraxafrreoe sete. exiTonidio toa - 


talk yngenbh-mait Cobia alt twortiv erotanq) 
smobgait edt) arent ersm orto uliee wi ban ,wieoliB 
eS naiaeerr't 10 (enernd mo amagts oss ed aud 
sail on ~adenra bine eaalodtey-tot ou soa 
gyre eat olan bivibast hothrad evil to qaviliarst 


‘bee jolmog abositels! oe Lowery ods, ait 
ot avinont 4 aateelo od of ate 


ot bobesaritanar aw a --cxalaiq, yn Mou, 
sexolot Yo estatige ily at wi 


. acoueanp) vit esiloilteer- noe to — 


o 


OF TOLERATION,. 345 


tion, and to avoid exciting attention or tumult. 


The people were to be informed, that the reason of 


announcing their intention was, that the Emperor 
wished to remove all restraint of conscience, and that 
every one should enjoy religious liberty. Those 
who announced themselves as non-eatholics to the 
commission, and declined, after a gentle and friendly 
persuasion, to return to the Popish religion, should 
meanwhile be counted among non-catholics; the 
declarations must, however, be made _ personally. 
After some time they were again to be summoned, 
men and women separately, and in presence of a 
priest, once more to be asked definitively about their 
resolution. The report was to be read to them, and 
they were required to subscribe to every individual 
declaration. They were then to be added to the list of 
those who were forming the requisite number apply- 
ing for permission to have a meeting-house. The 
Emperor Joseph was, however, unwilling to appear, as 
though he were indifferent to the confession of his 
subjects, or asif he were even pleased with their Pro- 
testantism. He, therefore, expressly declared, that 
the maintenance, flourishing condition, and extension 
of the “ only saving” Catholic religion still remained 
his principal care, and that he certainly wished that 
all his subjects would become adherents thereof under 
a voluntary conviction ; but humanity had induced 
him to grant his Protestant subjects the toleration and 
exercise of their religion, according to the regulations 
sent forth. The expressions here used, “ only sav- 
ing,” and “humanity,” are certainly not very com- 
patible; and Ferdinand II. thought it ‘ humanity,” 
to force his subjects to such a mode of salvation. 
The epithet “only saving” could scarcely have 
originated in the mind of the Himperor Joseph. 


ean OR a een cee 


Ppeenreterrenere Vier ni et feet ny 


& oS way 
one MOATARSIOT TO { a 
jlome qo aotuene griitiasd Bova 'e ; 

‘ey paeert ld diald: booed iad, oe od ote 
yoraqaa’l ed? sit are solinotit) ted ’ 
walt ow 2ousteenos To utientert Mo wont 6} bor 
ott .yewdil enoigilry yoiea blnode ono “pre 
| wiindicy-non ae erred) beomuonite ofw 
1: eee ee seg tt alla fo shen 
flantle .coigilor deigoD odie tt emet of totes 
gilt jrilodirs-com gawmt Letivay of ofidwemen 
alinnoxioy obvm od eerswod gaiar etroitcteloob 
deosomans od ot visge vow guilt could smbe witA 
a hy eorpaorq ai hod .yitetgee ettow bas tom 
vied! tuoda psvitiniteh bodas od at eiu6T somo desing 
brea rails of bavi od ot anw troqat oT .nolfalonst 
leubivibar yrovs of aditoadae of bavapet a. 
Joreifett od bobbn ad G1 cols vee yeATE wo ’ 
eqqe wortisin miziogeyt oils yori) wri offy seodlt 
ofT  trurt-prijooar w sval of mobwinrts 101 gai 
en waoqqaol guillivne severed ow tol romqandl 
{ aid to nolastuos odt ot dadshibat stew od dtgitods 
! 07 tints tin baensly nore stow od Tien 0 win} 
mal ovatus yleyrqes otdtetodd (SH oreiinen 
noieedee iow nottihinos giiihinwolt Socenstntaareds 
bovisaros lite morgiler silos") “quiver qino™ wiltto 
salt -borlaiw yliiatmo oil silt hae gorbo Leqto 
raban torwndd eaviodbu otsoond bluow atovislue eid Ma 
booubri bad wine tid 5 40% | 
airoiialeyet ott of quilnoaye ,noigtlen this to or 
-wvee yfnd” dover ool anoieesiqne ed? sltol dats 
aorryioy joe Ylaiains ote "yemmod bite pai 
A eilaterent  adeygoods 0 boeaibett bie oii 


wnoiteviea Qe akon o ove ot aophiv sith 4 i 
seal. chvtase lites “gaiven gluco” sibtiqas oT 
Agno. sow iail odt to bate wilt at Dotaaigive 


: ie 


346 FORMATION OF 


That the Protestant clergy in Bohemia, however, 
enjoyed but little public confidence, is evident, from 
the grievous regulation of government concerning 
the registers of births, marriages, and deaths. The 
pastors have indeed permission to keep such regis- 
ters, but merely as “ preparatory lists;’ they must 
send a duplicate to the Popish priest, obtain a cer- 
tificate of having done so, and note the same in the 
register. They are allowed, it is true, to give bap- 
tismal, marriage, and burial certificates; but these 
must first be verified by the Romanist ministers. 
The pastor dares not demand any fees for his trouble, 
for these are received by the priest. To give such 
certificates without the signature of the latter, 
or to receive the prohibited fees, is punished as a 
violation of the toleration-edict. 

A year had not elapsed after the issuing of this 
edict, when the first Evangelical community, ad- 
hering to the Augsburg confession, was formed 
at Kreuzberg, in the district of Czaslau. But the 
first meeting-house was erected at Trnawka, in 
the Chrudim district. Prague, the capital, obtained 
that object a few weeks later. But in the same year 
two other communities were formed simultaneously, 
one German, and the other Bohemian; for the 
population of this town was at all times a mixture 

of the two nations. This circumstance was also 
a cause of the dissension which prevailed, after 
a union had been effected by wise legislation, be- 
tween the Lutheran and the Reformed churches, with 
reference to the divine service. 

The German community of Prague was formed 


‘jn 1782, under the name “ Evangelical Military 


Community,” principally through the instrumen- 


vests ales ehaUt 


estate ich amin 


cy ean aaa a alan Canis esse 


40 VOLPAM ROT | = ‘> 
storgwutl piardiotl rit vgilo sretteston oil init ‘a 
ert anelirs eb gonsbiteroo nid bazopte — 
“Crh raetets fevminavep 0 itnitaluggyt enovaity old. 
oft .aettasty hue ,eogetrtere aiid To eearget ads. 
wget one qasd of nolan bewhant are #TOTeeR], 


tie 
, 
- 6) 


ob . < agumnertr nil rotation ™ ot 
Si : eis anemone fe OPK ihekgaT art Or oft et See v 


me) 


wilt wi sence Dat edost DO wR oirdls gaivest Yo exsolit: 
aqad avig.c? part ai bowolle<ts vedT « -talatgas 
gaat 4d 4 aohuniitioe fern hoe wgaletent emit. 
exitatia Jenene wilt yd pee od seth deer 
eldoort id tel Bal van fines 00 aenely votangq off T 
dhoua orig OT | tavirg 914 yd boviosst cin seotlt Tob 
omit off to stusairgie ‘eet quodsiw eotaodiite> 
« em bedainwg a 26s heridilong ails evivest 09 10: 
 snibe-roitmudet gud ‘lo avitsloly 
edt Wa ouivat Silt tofle bosqnle Jom bel se9q A 
i «tn SATA TTe leotleggetar el Seth, ailt nedw asthe 
perma ecw ynoreadto~ aprudegi A gett of quinsi - 
; | elt aoff  avifens “to joirel otto gyredsiaut te 
nt .odweter te “batosts enw gavod-guidsom 3 
iaainido’ tetiqans oll ourgerl sons milurnd ot 
| qngy Srniet itt i Sorel notal atorw wile so9jdo-tadt 
oop Veancapceaet inane bamict sow estinainariros ‘tlio OWS, 
olf set Simignaito€l taifto olf hue \sourmk) 90 
wuntzlon ett 


; wo nota Saty eet ints andl “bad snore 
Sitw eutondds bomrolsll oft hin seo odt covmt 


ooitise onptiy gilt ot ssnetiler 
bamidt en cain to yrintonranes wchninser 


eit Tedilageny tl * sian ‘elle robauy sath 
: Sromirctent if) dkgurends -yilacioning “*ytte 


wh 


EVANGELICAL COMMUNITIES. Od 


tality of General Wurmser ; which gentleman had 
also granted part of his residence to be used as a 
mecting-house, and here the preacher, Schmidt, 
from Erlangen, commenced his duties on the 15th 
of September, 1782. This military community was 
also joined by the German citizens of Prague, both 
of the Augsburg and Helvetian confessions, and 
by the foreign journeymen. The second was a 
civil community, consisting of Bohemians, whose 
divine service was also conducted in the General’s 
residence, by the preacher Markowitz. 

In 1784, however, the latter were enabled to 
purchase a proper building for their place of wor- 
ship by contributions from abroad. 

The legal conditions respecting the use of a 
church as a meeting-house, were, that the steeple, 
bells, and cross should be removed, and that it should 
externally have the appearance of a merely private 
dwelling. The steeple was eventually suffered to 
remain, and the meeting-house was consecrated on 
Whitsunday, 1791, by the pastor, Gotschel: it was 
then simple in its interior, but has been gradually 
embellished. In 1823, the German community 
obtained their own school, which was opened 
in 1827; 

The number of Lutherans in Bohemia lately 
amounted to 27,600, and that of the Reformed to 
52,000. In 1843, however, both together amounted 
to 85,000 souls. The appearance of the meeting- 
houses is simple and even insignificant, owing to 
legal restrictions, and to the principles and poverty 
of the Protestants. The condition of the preachers 
is very unfavourable, on account of the seantiness 
of their emoluments, the dispersed dwelling-places 


1 ae 


cain .2caknaiod to qiiteiense yetiesermon: livin 
syeet) att fb hadontarod wale eer onbrise ortivib 
ative da. volgen nly ot pansies 

eh bntdace sisee  tottel ult. seprmwod (4971 wl 
> even Yoosonle: sind st -quibliad -eeporg e sendoing 
hoo wls merit enoitadianes ydoqide 
Yoda alt gatioqesr aaoltibinag legal ol'F ; 
dlqeate ott sail ssw aatsodegaitesat 6 em orada | 
Btuods tt sedt bas ,boromered biased story bare allo 
serhe eiioa 0 lo ssamiegeys elton yflecruies 
ot Delina qiimuinev sw slgnateall .geitlowk 

opubslgitite 


Viawatasés ‘incest sia’ 288) wl cbnrleilledéans 
bounqo a doidw loose mie aintit bontetde 
~~ a SBP wi 


" "E> . 
lstal smelt oi eomodtmd Wo "veda oD 
of borondlaSB-add Yo. snd! has 000,88 orbatandran 
horwoms adioget dod reread EEE nl G086 
wgeitesir ely to sonvinnqqs att ~alno2-000,68.07 
‘of guévo. tenitieraiats vires tow shige asain 
ghovor ben aolqioniny ot ot bie ior 
ewuitonene ofp to wortiiheon of P- 


acanlines ott Aednvoss ao walderioedtetit . 
aren orate nesantee ia 


a ae 
ne 


348 FORMATION OF 


of the members of their communities, and th 
arrogance of most of the Romanists. The SUper- 
intendents are subordinate to their respective con 
sistories at Vienna, one of which, the Lutheran, was, 
previous to 1784, established at Teschen, whose supers 

intendent Bartelmus, composed in 1787, the Htures 

now used in the Bohemian evangelical churches, 

These consistories were established at Vienna, on 

the Ist of June, 1785, and are formed of Evan- 

gelical men; the general superintendent, however, 
is a. Romanist. 

Respectable members of the community are ap- 
pointed wardens. All expenses for church and 
school purposes, are defrayed partly out of the 
regular funds of the communities, but cliefly by 
contributions from other countries. One of their 
greatest grievances is the payment of the customary 
fees to the Romish priests, as weil as the contribu- 
tions to their building expenses. Protestant mothers, 
also, if married to Romanists, are not allowed to in- 
struct their daughters in the Protestant religion, aud 
the dead must not be buried in the conscerated 
ground of the Romanists. 

The dispersion of the parishioners is a great im- 
pediment to the Protestant public worship. Thus 
the little church of Krzischliz consisting of 2000 
members, from 49 different places, is dispersed over 
a space of cight square miles. 

Collections towards chureh-buildings can only 
be made out of the country; and these are now 
much wanted, for the buildings so hastily and 
slightly erected in the reign of Joseph IT., are in a 
very dilapidated condition. It 1s a great conso- 


lation to many of these poor Bohemians, that the 


tas 


| 
| 


i 
i 


4 
3 
i 
1 
j 


anit i Boa thoktbe Ter otto awantad # ip soitorels, :: 
si si inna hretelahees 0% ’ 9 
ei AISA treet ot puakatat 
dnt tities weiottdedt ahtny leew vos : 
ws net Oe. dertacitates Were aplantaineon vagal? 
pel, Ferdiaemrrdt oun fan GeSE om. ‘ae dal old 


Or a newaceay tl0..4.cett Lenina 
” 


Vere ert 


agisren “eth TO cule to wacherrste olilabnacendt 
an vovwsty wh striae HA arson heltiog 2 
ott ‘to te oe itoany bovstioh ons. xneoqealsy foodee 
gh pide and esistoUat sic ty to aaah riley ~ * 
dol eat gakuen voila newill anualtandc sir09 
Pungo reeny ole Yor Dero ATe Tet oil) af anguaverty osno'g, 
eink nuns eit aw Towra testing Cains. alt of aot 
evaitvons treseaton Tanning gaiblindsiall ol wag 
= eit er ots seionmodl ‘ed Taveras It ols. eb 
ine 40 
Pert 


elt gt beiand od ton gear hoot odd 5 
epivamofe adie boowtg - 


_pe iosrg @ ot erotoldlsiing gilt to woimraqelr aT es. 


eal .cqidhetom obey sautearorl oft) ob taaenibag 
Gio Ww giiveaas athiveiatA to hoists, olttil oll oc 


Woo sky #yr elerewod | 
yon We gear baw 5 ail, o.2u0. gheaant 
bars ghideinl 08 pb onht vol hysisioer 


eed san CHE dijon anger orld av 
er ee 
oily realt entice FOE ritaoep tert te 


verenasdoath wild ant cetih gue vbult toate ale « 


ae 


PC PO ON RNEI ORTH 


ei 


EVANGELICAL COMMUNITIES. 349 


Gustav-Adolph Institute, in Protestant Germany, 
can now afford them hope and assistance ! ; 
We must, however, onee more return to the 
Toleration edict of 1781. This act of justice and 
humanity was highly praised by many enlightened 
Catholics, besides native and foreign Protestants. 
The Jesuits, who would have opposed and blamed it, 
were then no longer in power. The Popish popu- 
lace murmured here and there, and hence arose 
(through the priests) many reactions and collisions ; 
toleration was, also, in some degree, restricted by a 
decree, of November 18, 1784, wherein referenee 
is made to a cabinet order of October 28, and 
which, though it permitted the pastors of both the 
Protestant communitics to visit their fellow believers, 
and to instruct their children, prohibited any one 
from being present at the instruction, except the 
father of the family, and the non-catholic domestics. 
Further it says, that since many people in the pro- 
vincial towns have, from time to time, seceded from 
the Catholic religion, the priests are to exhort their 
people to constancy in the righé faith, and to caution 
them against the errors of the two-tolerated non- 
catholic sects ; it was also to be ineuleated, that 
the sects which were separated from the Catholic 
church could have no true priesthood, because they 
had no properly consecrated bishop, nor canonically 
appointed clergymen. The Catholic preachers were 
however to abstain from all abusive language, quar- 
rels, and controversies. As late as 1787, a Bohe- 
mian bishop published a prayer against heretics, 
which was used in some places of worship. In 
Tirschowitz, in the Leitmeritz district, the Popish 
community sought to pumish a cottager, for having 


Sopcatiesctesion' givah toon wine eobiead (aaifods) 4 


os 


ie 


‘pecan eoeul fea yocetl Geer ted borderisar opal 


C8 - AeMeD KaOLtOw ATE 
Stuart) tratsiort nt toiiinh dglobiwmen® 
 feciasetann fied sor init Teron wee ino. 
wilt or inter stom asat Aovewod term 9 
haw soiteti ‘Torso aiff 1ETE to doibs srotteate? 
houshigitns qxnin yd beetay yigit enw extend 


M baxcot sd hire deeoggie emi! Nene ody ative’ ofT 


sme deiqot akT savy el asgeel on madd grow 
canniedion tara sraitron vires Ceteote oft Fquents) 
nd inigitien ~errash sae dhe 2x noitmolot 
maravivn pkronly BSvl Of Tada, to ssh 
hie *owmdonl! le rind terthn @ 07 cae 
wht dred Jo. axoteng ntlh festtieetnny f uvoill totter 
merrviiod wollte Hais OF oon hahaa tontestond 
we etre botidilor jwotblide Heilt swuent of baa 
wit dupes, ynditorertant od) fb aimavtg gaied mort 
snigetinod: oitodies-non git bite yliered welt Yo sede) 
wong wilt ni-elqoug pein sonie tails 20a HF rodltml 
moit holeoss onto! scnit Gel yerod sewot Intvaiv 
rio simian of sre atdsing will iotgilvt silolte’) ody 
noltmnacnt bee fie Wyer alt nPyouatsos of olgor 
-1o0 Letewlor ows aft Fo eves oct dertiepe apd 
iat hotmsluont ad ot oats wen 47 5 atone oilodtan 
allot Qa cowit Boru ave doikw stooe odd 
oul omar) sui on sted bivos datas 
‘Ulesiaens rom qqodaid: rms J on atl 
exo etolyweng aileron oll sh yao 
impr emmanganl ovierda Ia wo! pitteds of tevewed 
-Sdofha YORE eo ote eh wigtovertacs brew lot 

obo saltiege ovzeuy 0 lubeldag qodsid wal 7 
ni apidevne to -eely-omea-at boa daw ie a 
fieiqo'l od} goltteih erisoetia? aly ait salable? | 
acral wil peygmtios & deinng ot alpine gtimwenio: 


350 RESULTS OF THE 


been sponsor at a Protestant baptism; but the 
Dean of Ausche rejected their application. In the 
village of Tschide, in the Bunzlau district, on one 
of Count Wallenstein’s domains, the peasantry con- 


spired to kill the first that should declare himecif 


a Protestant; and in Trnowy, of the same district, 
a bailiff threatened a peasant with flogging, in case 
he joined the Lutherans. 

But whatever the Evangelical church, in the impe- 
rial territories, wanted in external influence, that she 
endeavoured to supply by acquiring the esteem of 
the other sects; and this object she gained by 
means of the spirit of justice and probity in her 
adherents ; by her simple, but edifying, and mostly 
well matured sermons, and by her animated and 
impressive mode of worship. Her members have, 
by degrees, acquired a greater confidence; her 
public worship, especially in the larger towns, is 
frequently also attended by Catholics, who by no 
means consider it as too frigid and monotonous, 
but estimate the service according to its true value. 
Now and then even members of different sects con- 
tribute freely and cheerfully towards the maintenance 
of their church and school establishments. The 
good and beneficial principles of these establishments 
are daily becoming more universally acknowledged. 

In reference to these contributions, an Evangelical 
preacher, who was then living in Bohemia, makes 
the following remarks: “The Protestant commu- 
nities received considerable donations towards the 
building of their meeting houses, even from the 
reigning Prince, and from some grandees of the 
Roman religion. A noble and enlightened Ca- 
tholic, who is much revered by the Bohemian 


cohecke de ees Saale 


ahaa ean abana 


sik nana th iS ca oat 


fbn 


— 
a 
| 


ott, ded 5 eovitoprert yustentert 6 th toanone ' aes | v 
aslonth 


i Vnnrkl seatoaty Pande salt souk adh lid of hore. 


dur 2 anueAR ae 


wl vl amdyailgnn dai booger Yo mse. 
wie 40 soli cst aly at ohne E We se 
ev) 1 ivpnimartay ahd areiourab caistentiinl taueD lon | 


god i later Tee vodka], to Seige ool ho nnoeott 
giieons me gaigtibs id olqavie md gd 5 etree 
fin desimtnien od 7 bere .atecotome eetetans toe 
vil axed, wht .quiecoe Yo abit wy baer utd 
od ; aibipas semerg 2 Dewepae 4 x 
di catwor ral ole ath gSlnizeyis sqbilero oikdeg 
out el enket yegitottnnd yet bebantia oni siesupi 
aponstoned fur dbigitt oo enti ashing, apeais 
nuler ate aft ap-guilnoge spivise ad? olaesites asd 
1 soe teitih Yo sundoren cove notlt bas woh , 
eqiracmeedeny gilt alyianrod yileikeee: baaylowl studint 
ol! seveunnbsiliesgs Joudos bas. dicrmils viel) Yo, 
peer ate oear ing ane my ae m 
-henghalwrcntilon yout Qa thiab os 
Lotiqpaw ll me anotiadinian seodt of-aonorsiet 
codune atieiodol ni-gaivil xed aew odlv 
re ia) trtestord eff cedataret gabyokor 
ott cheno) enortttteh oldewbiaiis bayimomt cole 
ad} moth teint eamtad goitent tind Yo, goth { 
ot Yo exlunetgy amok ovect deg ysosizl ge os 
-if) (omesnlgthes mm. oldow A tivtgiler, a 
noviel nilt yd erwver dover at cule | 


i =>? 


ak Sines 


we age tp TET 


er et SOFT ET ITT EE ene 


TR i 


TOLERATION EDICT. S51 


Protestants, made a suecessful appeal to equally 
noble-minded Catholics, and thus collected con- 
siderable donations on behalf of some provincial 
communities. The nobler part of the Catholic 
clergy evinced from the first a spirit of toleration, 
humanity, and liberality. I rejoice even now, that 
I have myself been, for nine years, an eye-witness 
of, and a participator in, this beautiful religious 
toleration, and brotherly concord.’’* 

Among other benefits resulting from the toleration 
edict, the happiness felt by the Protestants at their 
no longer being obliged to conceal their Evange- 
lical books at the risk of their lives deserves to be 
noticed ; that this was no longer a cause for sur- 
prising them in the dead of the night, and of being 
harassed by an inquisition of priests. Lutheran 
and Reformed Hymn and Prayer-books, and Bibles, 
were now allowed to be purchased abroad, and 
might even be printed in the imperial states. 

“The monument of the Emperor Joseph,” says a 
talented author of modern times,f “is kept for the 
present deeply concealed in the hearts of several 
millions, who revere his memory in private. But 
let him once find a successor, who will venture to 
follow in his footsteps ; and it will not be long 
before the public will everywhere exhibit his statue 
in brass and marble.” 


* The words of John Borott, (late pastor of Haber, Kowanez, 
and Krabschitz, in Bohemia) in his edition of His Majesty’s 
letter, p. 9. 

+ Kohl, in his Trayels in Austria, p. 90. 


snotgiley Dilitanod etslt sat 


(ae - rota noitaaaaon 
vliangs ot Langan iptanooue & sliaat . 
-aon heieeafion sralt bak eoifoite bobale 

: onmoe to Unetod ae anotanob oldmabir 


ot toaaus Yhiterd ture ,uottersios 
niditmelor sly prot giiflu sgt otfemel talio gromh 
aids tae einmteoter'l ot vil sid Aesniqqad ody tribes 
ogy SD tigi Trrswoy oF heugilde guted sxgeol on 
odo exveonth evel visili Yo Sey aut ty elood feoil 
Au aol oats © tesco! on cew abet tadt ; booitom- 
Gata YW tow dédyicil? to hash wf ai aredt yoieing 
covebtiol cetevter Jo wottisiopal tn yd hosel — 
poldit baw adend-royerT bis wary boandlall ban 
bit Jmowls beesiforue yi cee work, wre 
eatnts Integral ofli-at baat od pays nfgiar 
Be ce Sail add Yo ere 
oitt 10) g» +aamit wrobins Ye sedis boinsiat 
tages to atrped aft at bofmanea glynsb teseanq 
inl stivieg fo) tome ait atyryt adiw .2aoilline 
of wueay Hive offer zo2t909u2 8 fall soso ort dof 
qool od wie Mfr 2} bin; eqotetoot. sil ai wollte 


comnnse sith Sidney wtadw yrove Hitw oilitug sil) ovcited 


"fam ban san 


In ho ora al) Ahonen tedlncnn adh * 


seis ill udtilis eth. Gcienidolh sik alideelin’ bo 


| BO a cattinah 0 anaes ark 
“) , <i pai. 


are que Lane! Sen ES, 


CHAPTER XI, 


DIFFICULTIES ATTENDING THE EMIGRATION OF THE 
PROTESTANTS FROM BOHEMIA — INSTANCES OF 
SUFFERING AND CONSTANCY—RESTING-PLACES OF 
THE EXILES — RECEPTION AT ZITTAU—GROSS- 
HENNERSDORF -—— SCHONBRUNN — THE MORAVIAN 
BRETHREN — BUILD HWERRNHUT—THEIR CONGREGA- 
TIONS— MISSIONARY STATIONS—-THE DIASPORA— 
SETTLEMENT AT NIESKY—THE EXILES AT GEB- 


HARDSDORF —— DRESDEN —— PIRNA —— ZINNWALD— 
NEUSALZ—SCHNEEBERG—FREIBERG—ZWICKAU—- 
JOHANNGEORGENSTA DT — WIESENTHAL ——WITTEM- 
BERG —— BERLIN —IN SILESTA—— HOLLAND —— ENG- 
LAND —SWEDEN — DENMARK 


AND POLAND — 
AMOS COMENIUS —- HIS ADDRESS TO THE BONE- 
MIAN BRETHREN—CONCLUSION. 


Havine already described the melancholy period 
of 1621—1651, and the expulsion of the Protestants 
from their beautiful country; we shall now con- 
sider their actual parting, their flight into forcign 
lands, their arrival and the subsequent events which 
befel them in their exile. 

«To preserve,” says the learned Gotze of Lubeck, 
“the inestimable treasure of the gospel, and the 
glorious liberty of conscience, they did not hesitate 
to forsake their worldly treasures, and all that they 
possessed ; therefore, they were also enabled to live 
in security and enjoy the blessings of our heavenly 
Father. We find zealous preachers, who undaunt- 
edly defended the truth, though this brought upon 
them excommunication and banishment; Christian 


Pi 


1% sara 


ay 96 Soreiteuet ae oveauatrs aon 


7 saan sees 22 wea roi MeWATS TOR | = 
eerie PTrantaan Hore ba sage r D 
F avy” om _& 


as 
—— 
_ 


at —~ Bit Yes worrTs at — 
dads 0M “airy —— ne tae GHIe = = tactreann tan 
ee ee ee ATOM — eR RTT 
post sar enorrare ets Ore ~AMoirt 
aid Yk enti oar —Faee Te Pravmrrrrae 
= tin — 2019 — Bae — Seeoeaneet 
—A RTs ars — osndanvape—sinetar 
TL Jnr 1 ore ener Oe OT 
“045 — (KLIN — pies Kinin — tne 
— tiled its — ahanvad— ‘Satna —— aunt 
iret wer ef aetiads 21h— aitienkon @otX 
HOUR O— Manet Ante 


Coston, qlevtareniovre ould Jogelinsects marie owrall 
stupnion Taga de uniekieges ol) bore LeOt-—1 Sdf wy. 
“xq rout Cail er + yebhinsi09 fiticugad ated? so 
reine. oli Jekyll sisdt <gairiog Jewiga viel tabia 
ford whexve ditwapredice alt Lyin Lisepern sited) hast 3 
lize cada ai pterl fled, 
Aceydiib Ya as960 bovcrasl alt-eyen “pretgerny 
ott bana Joquerg gilt wy rns a f 
aieviagdl ton bib galt ronnivenos Yo ita 
cl saath Ciat-tirea aerrtvensret Sie 
wel et holdinne Gale ieee seat) acter na 
dheevient uo ‘to egaissold “tl tole ye 
jwabot ow vevadomstc evelons. tal 
mingts thguowd att agi!) slaundodd taboos iis 
mpitvitl) ;reereaslgitend Duce ‘wi. 


Gino hy 


eet 


+ Ret 


ere eR ENN AER Ae MENS SEAT MEE TES ANN TE 


THE EXILES. ood 


men of the nobility and military, who cheerfully 
endured the loss of their estates and their honours ; 
and further, godly housekeepers, who esteemed _ 
suffering for Christ’s sake as greater riches than 
the treasures of Egypt. Though these individuals 
are already removed from their earthly habita- 
tions, and the miseries of their exile are no more, 
yet their posterity lives, and is so increased by 
the blessing of God, that justice requires of us, 
not only to preserve the namesand deeds of their stead- 
fast forefathers, and to make mention of their chil- 
dren and grandchildren, but also to praise the Lord 
for the wonders He has wrought in their behalf; for 
He has strengthened their faith, removed their fear, 
endowed them with a spirit of love and fortitude, 
accompanied them in their wanderings from their 
fatherland, and preserved their elmer? and grand- 
children in the path of rightcousness.’ 

Of one of these aellds who died at Leipzic, in 
1647, it is recorded, that “he valued the blessed 
word of God above every thing temporal, and on that 
account frequently exposed himself, even at Prague, 
to the danger of his life. For at that time the Ca- 
tholies first closed the churches; then imprisoned, 
tortured, and expelled the Lutheran preachers; and 
strictly prohibited the use of Lutheran hymns and 
prayers.’ ‘They furthermore, ordered, under for- 
feiture of life, that no one should visit an Evange- 
lical prisoner, or dissuade another from embracing 
the Roman religion. To this order he paid no 
regard ; for he diligently and fearlessly exhorted 
both his household and others to constancy ; com- 
forting them by saying, that if they would only 
trust in God, He would turn every thing to a better 

VOL. I. 2 A 


S66 etue aur + 
ldhouls wile sesmsitin: bre “yiliden of 
- emeuueat tisdd Dae eotedes sei Yo aso! orld 


Dives seer gua? sq gQ@l Yo-eveuenmd “elt 
tne dre. als moe bustle ome 
event oot rw allay. sieils Yo mabwoatar od} how arti | 
nrg enon oe a tne govil optiteteng. sins toy 
cat lo evaltepert totes), dal mid Yo yeizeotd ads 


ai aisiiot sw boils cule soligg omeld Ye ga0°JO 
Wemanld oily (radav ool * dug feolermoot ef at TRO 


ae vieiy liinoda sae on 
tio odioua oleueaily + 
sobre ty of 


ob fT  wotgiler sone 
gleehre big tlseserytfils od hy 


, oo 


seach, | 


354 THE EXILES. 


issue than they expected ; encouraging also himself 
and others with the maxim, ‘ that those who love the 
Lord, must take every thing for the best, as from 
Him, not even excepting death” He incurred 
no trifling danger by visiting a Lutheran preacher 
in prison, and supplying him with food. On 
one occasion he was summoned, with twenty- 
three others, before the imperial courts, for having, 
in the company of several thousands, attended a 
Lutheran sermon, contrary to the strict order of the 
Papists. His trial came on first, and for two hours 
and a half he was minutely examined, but with 
divine assistance he answered the Papists, from the 
word of God, without fear of life. He afterwards 
frequently said, that God the Holy Spirit, who 
graciously delivered him out of that danger, enabled 
him at the time to reply in the language of Scrip- 
ture. When, at last, he was commanded to leave 
Prague before sunset of the 21st of April, 1628, 
he cheerfully departed on the appointed day, ac- 
companied by his wife, four little children, and his 
domestics, praising God for having made him and his 
houschold worthy to suffer persecution for the sake of 
His holy truth, and for having, moreover, enabled 
him to take with him his dear children, whom the 
Papists had threatened to remove into cloisters.” 
Owing to this last cireumstance—the removal of 
the children—we frequently find that parents were 
obliged to seek a place of safety for them; as 
was the case with John Christopher Martin, who 
had to be conveyed during the night to Gorlitz, after 
his grandfather, Martin Wantsch, the local judge 
of Fricdland, had been imprisoned on suspicion of 
his Evangelical creed. We have several particular 


ns eae ll ll 


co tapiaths ctausorn meee 


penile semen aanironh 


ene ite wat 


ergy Mar-nonn, 


> ge enema a 
a inal 


bovigant oat “iltnoly-qrenpoa® er 


. derndtud 
ae iw maid pny legiee & 


cgnivarl viet Veriton Tabespsrel 
s Pohaotte elasenort 
eat) Jo wstie foie ails ol qratisos stourtos atertost 


me No quamnsnon.h at 


anol ayscu Inia 78h 80 o6eg init aL. .eaiged 
dist fal fener se beabenst fark, 6, ht Ueal baa, 


wilt mroit atelqeT 
ode lisigh vol 


da batowene ost satnetebees orvib 


ott bot twelt lites ybeaapett 


bolder’ vagaal task? Voto eid: hermertlesy ‘qlsioioeTy 
aioe Wo sgengeal wilt at ylqar ot annit alt tn said 


gveat of heb 


oy aval deal Ingtod  ovet 


PCat dingh Yo mts ody Joanie wrdind. seget 

hataiogey odd xo iaxcucpily *¢lBuitesods of: 

ail brea seoabtide slraid sesh tive aith baismpster 
ihe, pean 


= 


coe art 


SNS 


. 
rere ter cnn ERT CHOP NES 


THE EXILES. Sao 


accounts of the removal of children into cloisters, 
for the purpose of giving them a papistical training. 
On one occasion some priests forcibly removed a 
little girl, and subjected her to manifold torments. 
Among other things one priest thought of giving 
her a practical lesson, by holding her fingers over a 
coal fire, remarking, that if she did not embrace the 
Catholic religion, she would in hell have to endure 
a similar pain in her whole body for ever. 

In the midst of all their tribulations the poor 
exiles experienced the power of the word of God ; 
like David they esteemed it more precious than 
gold, and found it sweeter than honey to their taste. 
Its promises strengthened and comforted them, 
especially the declaration of Jesus himstlf: “If ye 
continue in my words, then are ye truly my dis- 
ciples. Ye are my friends, if ye do whatsoever I 
command you.’’—John vii. 31; xv. 14. 

Of the hesitation and irresolution of many in 
those truly difficult circumstances, when the gold 
was purified from the dross, and the wheat separated 
from the chaff, we have already spoken. “ Here,” 
says the Book of Persecutions, “one already saw 


_ how strong was real love to God, and how weak the 


mere outward show of piety. Besides the divisions 
which took place between friends and_ relatives, 
there were also many partings between man and 
wife, whenever either of them could not endure the 
trial of the cross. Husbands are living in exile, 
whose wives could not be persuaded to sacrifice 
their property for Chiist’s sake. On the other 
hand, there are wives abroad, who forsook their 
husbands in order to remain faithful to the Lord.” 
Balthasar Olisher, a cloth-weaver by trade, re- 
ak 2 


ein ms ec nt aie nae eer nen anne tartan 


aae * weerign ater > 


—_ ° 


etybas ot aved Hod ni bivem 


asia tet vhodb dod antl nt cio “whims & 

jong ol mtoltelodiy ovieilt ta Yo tebint oft nl 
> wolins 
nat Smiteaq overt ti han yodt Hho sail 
soap! tisd! of yanod cart vette bee? bra’ blog 
coois honcho tee banvilegaente ezine “esl 
oy thi} Vdeitint-dnegl Vo trottwanltoh ertt yllaiaaqes 
ih ym vir oy ste red? alniie em ai stares 
Lowrscemuda ob oy Th elie om T lqm 
ht on (16. Mii¥ one [emettmon 

#i yaa Vo wollulowyrti Lae woitetient olf 10 
blog ods dndler eetaateani tis “Misitih’ y bik oeodls 
beumeque ida oils bow oth abt mort belitag eaw 
“elt ueloqa ybaods svml ot Talo Sdt mont 
ope Ybortle sao  eeroituaaend Vo doofl ids wyse 
att due wort bos Lod ob svol fier sew qiretie wod 


phot YW bnew alt Yo tor oly 


anvisivily lt exiieatl ini ey'wosle 


friwwdiro 
anvedi 


ot orshes'toa hhuioo ney to2odis tyoanlw 


_ lize nb pedvil ort elunmdaw HT aeons | okt ae 
* poitiona ob Dybureti od tod bipoy 


vei qeito oft WO doe ser Goh Visa? 


~-= inal, aecagl chilies Minced ib ae 


“rod watt co Feit tat 4 


sistas obutt weosblivis "is liwnenerr sity XO Sinerons. 
cyasladans Tuentteicaey a vacwtls gnivig To weoqung 

& fave vidio) ehedeg geno motendaa ano 
atomeint bition or wt Hresldue bea. tig olttil 

"— qualvége Jo telyerasty seortay nth aegnlda -rulto gisuneiA 
hie PAT Ceguivwll quien yl noel tesiteeng wwe 
sale owen sens mate dieroael apne et 
anigilor alloted 


a0 


envi Geoitw 


aot 


356 


THE EXILES. 


sided in Ellbogen, where he was a member of 
the town-council, when, in 1627, the royal mandate 
arrived, which required every one to sign his name 
who was willing to embrace the Popish religion. 
He said to his son Jeremiah: “ Well, my son, what 
are we to do? Shall we subscribe and become 
Papists; or sacrifice all we have, and go away 
with empty hands?” The son, then only fifteen 
years old, immediately replied: ‘“ Father, we had 
better do the last!’ So they went to Zwickau. 
In passing through Reichenbach, the father hap- 
pened to notice its parsonage, and said: “ Well, 
my son, where will God bless you with such a 
house?” Full of confidence, the son replied : “God 
may perhaps give me this very parsonage, if I 
diligently pray and study.” In 1644 Jeremiah 
Olisher was actually the minister of Reichenbach. 

The difficulties attending the emigration and 
flight of the Bohemians were frequently increased, 
not only by family divisions, and the certainty 
of poverty, but also by various other circumstances, 
such as cases of pregnancy, mockery and malice of 
their enemies, selfishness of the remaining parties, 
and at the time when emigration became illegal, fear 
of the soldiers that were appointed to seize the emi- 
grants, who generally chose the night for their pur- 
pose, and had many things to do, in order to elude 
the suspicion of the Romanists. 

Numerous were the affecting scenes which 
took place between the exiles and beloved friends 
whom they left behind—some of these we have 
noticed in recording the expulsion of the clergy- 
men; but afew words frem the exiles themsclves 
will give us the best idea of their feelings. Gal- 


neers AIA OCI - 


to -wedemar a ante ail grou eee ie 
niatnnnt Leon oilt .VEOT nl «audw tienags-avod 90 
oneoen ait age or one waive besiogut oid be = 


cooigiher deiqahT ali, seeder Ob -gailite Ms ony 
say heh wee 


yon 4g fas, oval av eae 
ynatitt gine jyult yoo of "hull Mg dsiw 


1 Ys aghewethy esav-sid? om. ovig sfadiqy yom 

deta ADE: al “oghute hoa yey gl fb 
dyodnodolait-lo watedatve oil qllauion ane soiailO — 

his wnoktargium sli gatbupite eitlasitih oT 


culor od? big ssoisivi vm yd gin tan 
zooimamnuons aadto avopiay td eae fad ,yov0g 10 
ve comgor ban yrodoon qanrans wee aa 
leu gataieret oilt Wo eepataiion eelamciits 
soll Sorvall ngomagd sot arg init woul sunt 
ere wld atiew OF hataiogys 294 
~ryyiy viol Th Siiyict odd woods ydletentiog 
sbula oF take si ob of egailt 
niplaatodd 


ne a SR YEE I TORT ETE 


Rn 


THE EXILES. BOs 


lus, Baron of Richnitz, says, “When I could no 
longer remain a Protestant in my fatherland, on 
account of the imperial edict of 1629, I cheerfully, 
and in God’s name, went into exile, with my dear 
wife and four little children, because I would not deny 
my love to the Lord Jesus :’ and Erasmus Willich, 
who was first a minister in Silesia, and then a pastor 
at Zittau, has the following words on his epitaph : 
*‘ In all possible ways I felt the trials of my _pil- 
grimage to my heavenly fatherland. The pilgrimage 
is ended; the fatherland is arrived at: sorrows are 
no longer known to me.” 

Speaking of the exiled clergymen, the authors of 
the Book of Persecutions, declare: “ A great number 
of these servants of the gospel are, by the favour of 
God, stillalive. The others we are unable to enume- 
rate; butof the two hundred “ Brethren” that were 
in 1622 in Bohemia and Moravia, ninety-six are 
now living: the rest within these last ten years 
have been carried away by the sword, pestilence, 
terror, frost, hunger, and imprisonment, and by the 
diseases which such ill-treatment engenders.” 
Many were for a long time obliged to wander about 
and ask for charity, but a large number made 
Zittau their abode. 

“Jt is dificult,’ says Pelzel, “to collect any 
information respecting the literati, who after the 
expulsion, were dispersed all over Europe, and had 
no fixed residence. The history of those who did 
not publish works, or who made no mention of 
themselves in their prefaces, are plunged into the 
deepest oblivion.” One of the most talented and 
deserving was Simeon Partlik, who was forced to 
lead a very unsettled life, and he laments that his 
homeless state had been a very great hindrance to 


a2 
‘ 


ry oo lee ewiueth bos “api, bid auld ¢ 
nodeny w nodd hon wtelit Sr cl be 
+ dlqatiqs eid nics ebrtirye sactiehoO) nell anit nated tn 


136. wave oe 8 : 
ov ides 1s aot ree iii ot ga 
no beebedat vor oi iomberorl o poor 

{ ,Qc01 to” ttn fidkieal bet “Yo towne 
vooks yur citer lize ool tw ye eho ai bas : 
itt toa bisow I senepait hooey ome ok opi 


«fy yt To. elotet ove Het T eiyrew olilinwoy Ha wl * 
opamingliy nd? beslroti® Ylent Yar o) ogemitg 
maevorios ite hovirwn oi tanlidial wit ; bobos. a 
. "cont OF prorntedl rage! out 
ter etnrline ods aoarygely belies si Ye gaisesg@ 
swdinnvinny A santosh ool Yo Joofl at 
to -wovsl sd yd sta Isqeog silt Yo mtiirvw veo Yo 
-oinunsos oldwas ott todo ofl vita i ged 
cow acl “wonktertl * ferchionl owt aft lo tnd ; 
atn zis-yienit tereroM bao iene ert Scat - 
erny wd desl meodld alilipy. sgeieit ron 
oonplitesy \Lrrowe otlf yd qawk uae. ¢ oved 
oils yd bots doomtoetigiat ban net Jeon 1070 
"soabrrega teins Whee“ doldw asawonils 
tuode whanw ot beyilde dnilt gaol a x0Y woe yaad 
haa siiomapedaian valde ee ioe 


cae teelied or? lovtsT ve “aay o> 
oft tofle ode aril od | 

bad bus qo wos borreqeth 7 d 
bib odw axed le rrodeisl oT conmblea 
To ncitnan ng ohant ole es Toth ing 


358 THE EXILES. 


him in his literary labours. At one time he lived 
with some other Bohemian literati and noblemen in 
England, and continued also in connection with the 
family of Frederic the Palatine. 

The citizens and tradespeople, took refuge gene- 
rally in the towns and villages on the borders of 
Lusatia, and thereby not a little increased its popu- 
lation. All, however, were not equally constant in 
their exile. A return was desired by every one, 
hoped for by many, and undertaken by afew. But 
these were libelled by the Papists, who said: ‘“ As 
long as the Bohemian exiles have any resources left, 
so long they remain good Lutherans; but when they 
are obliged to live on short allowance, they relapse 
and return to the Bohemian flour-sacks, longing like 
the Israelites of old, after the flesh-pots of Egypt.” 

But how contented the emigrants generally were, 
may be seen from the following example. In 1719, 
on the marriage of his brother Christoph in Konig- 
stein, Christian Peschek sent him a letter of con- 
gratulation, wherein he speaks thus of their an- 
cestor, who belonged to the “ Brethren: “ Sce, 
my brother, so constant, devout and pious, has been 
our blessed great-grandfather; and | am, therefore, 

wholly of opinion, that God is still favouring us for 
the sake of our parents and ancestors. Weare pros- 
pering, (thus he wrote ata time, when he was entirely 
unacquainted with the prosperity of lus children), 
he adds, perhaps in consideration of the uncommon 
firmness in the doctrines of the holy gospel, evinced 
both by our parents, who for Christ’s sake forsook 
every thing they possessed in Bohemia and seized 
the wandering-stafl, and by our great-grandiather, 
who far excelled many others in his faithfulness and 


piety.” 


PSE EN SEEN oes 


Krecerrnsti cobstih dou gua 
vi auetertes an ps tom ater 6  -woitt 
sag yews yl banked) emer HeeT fh lize tied 
shh. veh art wedarralnds, bid Loan qd sot | 
hk = Vitae cote atoiqn'l oct ii taint sow oval 
glial exercent Ems avail selina evaded ost on gaol 
qos nailer tnd vanwradiind hoog Monat oli gaol on 
qespebr pelt sonnwolfe preter ovitvo begido 95 
odil Botgnil alanz-tet custerraddocd welt 08 mugiot bre 
* wreggel ter atoxpertenll alt oyedles. hal Yes seth arnal ott 
anand Meany steregint OF) banratmas wod wh 
wl Ch aed © cobepttires qaimatiol oat avetl cave od (an 
gino ab dqeteetl soitiond eid to agatrrsi olt ao 
| ed f 


oi Se tnpnabvonth ** als. 09 bounolad oda 70299 
seoewt anil jeaholeg: Dvever taeevols Temaalarten 0" oorlsord Yes 
eters ane Bboe ¢ nyilgih 

wit eo gairwael Wits at bow sais aucaiga: to 
enya OW eniaoue bas 

qhetitas aici ott sneghoe grensid aa | 
ablide ait oe piitoqaortp eld shiw botsieug: 


vearmnoods wit Yo ao 


iol isi tere ee ray the 
foe aeottenle( tis pant and eeartie, 


ne) - : 


epee eo eee 
7 a ij 
i “ : 
_ 


THE EXILES. 359 


Many, even of the higher classes, suffered great 
hardships in their exile; among others, Henry 
Rechenberg, who, on March 22nd, 1668, addressed 
the deputies of the Lusatian towns, then assembled 
at Budissin, in the following manner :—“ I cannot 
conceal from you the fact, that I was forced, during 
the Bohemian reformation, to forsake not only my 
own possessions, but also the estate of my lately 
deceased brother. «Upwards of four years have 
passed, since 1 was compelled to reside inactively in 
Budissin. I am here with my dear wife and grown 
up children, who are suffering from ill health and 
other trials. All that I had is consumed, and I 
am at a loss where to procure a means of sub- 
sistence ; for to beg from door to door would be 
extremely painful to one who bears the ancient 
name of Rechenberg. I trust to God and to 
respected Protestant friends, for the support of my 
life, that I may be enabled to end the few remaining 
years of my far advanced age, in our blessed religion 
and the holy word of God. My humble and earnest 
request therefore is, that my honoured patrons and 
kind lords would assist me, according to their dis- 
erction, and would not desert me in my present 
distress. Our heavenly Father, who is a rich 
requiter of all good deeds, and who has even pro- 
mised, that He will not leave a draught of water 
unrewarded, will also listen to the fervent prayers of 
a distressed family, and a thousand-fold requite you 
and your constituents, with temporal and spiritual 
blessings.” Thus was this innocent man, who had 
been lord of two noble estates, compelled to write! 

The following mournful letter is addressed to the 
town-counci) of Gorlitz, by a disconsolate Lady, she 
siens herself, Anna Hedikiussin, afflicted exile- 


a 


wa" pi. coh ote regres Be 


Yhnt oo lo ooo alt cla wal soles mo 
vim awiy “ih Yo vag lt. ndiowd hoeasoob 
i viovisneds ulin of balligemer eae T eodia ,bosaaq 
ions Tellin. trols cre debe Goel oT nietbo ll 
bute sttinel! Uh emt patwties waa alw ,gorblido qu 
t tom beams <i bel 1 geil HA ela ulio 
Hue to sam « ono of oity sol o mind 
od Digger woh woh malt gal or pil; onungale 
jvidos oft eed ow omy ot fillilay yfomoures 
ot bur bo of ew 1 qgeelewlest Yo ont 
vr le Paqque wks ooh shook) amesionT bormequet 
qrhatanen yet oly bere ot persed T sail te 

noigitin fewaald sae ni jaqe honwavba 

toutes Son vidined yi bold lo bio ¢ ‘hea 

Lita aerortiey beeanodl yin sult el SEAGIG angen 

“ih veda of yuibvtoun sar asites bfrorw eliol bad 
doen yr, st on aise) jou Muow bea noite 

doit oa _ soil ylaoyoed uO Aewrtail 

~ony crave til ow bust \ehoalHoog [is To tttiapor 
Cryer i ult bovine 


a nanan enw evil apaieen 
tothe ob olin oltou ows to ie ‘ 
ear hr agtepaeteh. edie fas 

¥ a ie 
“lize - yliwearttiho Ht auth i 


360 THE EXILES. 


widow in Neusalz: “If there be a sad and mise- 
rable condition, it doubtless is the one in which the 
afflicted exile widows have to live, for on them 
troubles and trials seem to come from all sides. 
Not only have they been forced to leave all they 
possessed and to become exiles; not only have they 
nowhere a home, but must wander like fugitives ; 
not only are they reduced to live in the lowest state 
of poverty, but what is worse than all, being de- 
prived of every earthly consolation, they have cause 


to shed bitter tears over their forlorn state. Of 


these unfortunate beings fam one; for after having 
followed my husband in his sorrowful exile, ] had 
the unhappiness to lose him four years ago in 
Hamburg, when engaged in the bitter task of beg- 
ging for bread. Since then I am utterly forsaken, 
wandering in a strange land like a lost sheep, and 
like a solitary bird on the house top. In the life- 
time of my blessed husband, I had yet one conso- 
lation; for he provided for me. But since he 
departed, my consolation is gone, and I am com- 
pelled to seize the wandering-staff, for the purpose 
of seeking bread for myself and our little orphans. 
But this staff frequently occasions me many bitter 
tears, especially whenever I am harshly repulsed 
by those from whom | solicit help.” 

The following passage from a printed “ Report 
on the present condition of the Bohemian communu- 
nities at Berlin and in Silesia,” also deserves a place 
here. “ By the great mercy of God, a large number 
escaped from their enraged enemics, without danger, 
or particular injury. But on their road to where 
they expected to hear the glad tidings of the gospel, 
several lost their health, m consequence of their 
numerous difficulties and frequent night journeys ; 


cy ne neti nna na se ae 


Sit tale She aE 


—— —— _ - 


pita Ba pot eran. 61 icone aheed fete eohetadnr 
eral 


itty 
hate tenveed 93 i eid boone yaad orasr ~{xo fon 


oy eee a ft ; 
gare an? oo obE a 


cevntier Soin Ioan ge send TE" A 
ily cigurteg. eh wero arlt ah seal aly ii puliibaes- 


alder 
veath aaa sett ad Oval ewabive lfc ‘pernifie — — 


st lineal per pieeab mney , 
if iga igaliee ous Yih | brreeaonoegy 
. sad vet & aiodwom 


hele dat tohen® tenet Jad 


sels grit Ll consi wergw ai pat wed etreraq To" 
wenries vitae grt .tueitalrito9 qliteane phere to havittey 

MY naire eval, tied! “eVO gud alid ‘bila of 
gated walle wel justo wis T xgntad eigabrohiy ses 

fhe! 1 pultes tilweonaie elif ot tncodanal yot bprolict 

fi ogee’ etany.thol Pn a silt > 
pnt Vecdent saitid aft ot bogmges soulw awde 
qroslivendt ighvodtu, txts 1 cult ou Label 1 getty 
ti pestle seal ood facto! -egqeantte # al ‘ynivebaaw . 
citi alt atl. god saved alt st betidl sqretilon a edit _ 
-oaepaene fie Linck L,snndesrtt bowled “ Yo ont 

Oe ae yo babixorq "sil ¥ otis 
een te L bie goog, i nvinildenes eet orenqab ~- 


apullign alatil ano baw 


bosingt xfeleuml. usb aovanadin 
OS yglod 
mi 


hoqakl * cv ae 
umes svateradodl atl To si 
hy wagversealy cate 


— sogoets socuhaiy deplatot9 boat? 
sentra Inert, | al 
sini We 49 ; 
epaurmn’, Miyie de 


Mee Ret ery 


OR a LT I SE te A NN GAO 


THE EXILES. * 361 


and besides the loss of provisions, which they had 
for immediate use, and even the few valuables set 
apart for cases of emergency, they endured many 
troubles and anxieties from being detained and in- 
terrogated on the unusual course they were taking. 
And yet all this is nothing compared with what 
many others endured in their emigrations. For 
these were not only arrested and stripped of all 
they possessed, but they were thrown, with their 
suffering and half naked little ones, into dark and 
dreary prisons; they were unmercifully chained, 
eruelly beaten, and frequently brought to great 
temptations by the torments of hunger and thirst. 
-“ When on their trials and examinations before 
the priests and secular courts, they refused to com- 
ply with the violent demand to renounce their 
design and their holy religion, they were always 
beaten again, always closer confined, and most 
cruelly ill-treated. Some of these unfortunate, but 
still firm and true confessors of the Gospel, were 
either publicly executed, or expired in their chains 
and fetters. Others have been sentenced to various 
kinds of hard Jabour, and were chained to the cart, 
like the worst description of felons. Others again, 
in order that their lives should be more embittered, 
have been detained’ in their filthy and intolerable 
prisons, until after the endurance of numerous trials 
and adversities, they contrived to escape, either by 
digging holes beneath their prison-walls, or by 
bribing their jailers; these were the better able to 
enjoy and appreciate their liberty of conscience and 
the preaching of the holy Gospel; and thus the 
Lord has also been glorified in the midst of the 
palpable darkucss of Bohemian Popery, inasmuch as 


eB ab NTES AES Ol  S lls  a aci = l Jasin i hainis Seva 


ee 


i ee ee a A A OL A cg 
‘ 


105 astra ae ad 
furl yards older sardieivony Yo esol: vi eid 
ta ae wel oft wove bas ow ‘tntbantresti 


-it bea hootoaoh gated oxo? saligiave bas 2oldwen 
_ sgalder gtye esd? agiioo Inveaag ails no batiegoret 
inuitw Migr herceyates ‘guidtom-«i ads Hie ery: Sond 
it zmiierpina tod ai borabes ¢midto youn 
Ne to baggie how beter — jon 9 heer 
tealy dale words oro tod? tod 
iwi ahioly wtal gaol today Veal 
Jeaiialls Aidlivmnun omy qd ;anositg na 
worg @ adyvort qlionpoit ue ,astoed vib 
Jovi bre vognad lo earanrid add yd pear nde 
aadtad enoitauianes bos elu godt Wel EY 


aH 


convla ven yolt achuilon ylal vel) bas upiesh . 
hom ban tnahoow weoh epawle lege mated 
dune! aleahoinn sel to enor Sas nlien ylisuty 


dina att at Fenlada ere fine sre Guid to-ahatl 
eninge ztaliO -éirolpt af saihyeeneule down odd oll 
saratiene rot ad genre vel) sada robto ni 


ot aide wetted pill sxsw aed) 


qt w llew-avsing: vind, — er ee 


FLUE AST 


— 


362 THE EXILES. 


these faithful confessors of the Gospel, have had the 
best opportunities, in the course of their exami- 
nations, not only to instruct and confound the 
enemies of the Gospel, but also to strengthen by 
their firmness many secret and timid disciples of 
the Lord, and to encourage them to a constant love 
of their Redeemer. Herein the good providence 
of God, was seen to be lovingly and successfully 
displayed.” 

The distresses and anxieties of the women deserve 
a particular description. We will here merely re- 
mind the reader of the great trials of those, who 
lost their husbands and fathers in the public exe- 
cutions of Prague, and of those whose husbands 
were outlawed and banished in the year 1621, or 
were forced to seek employment in foreign service. 
Even where they were themselves not subjected 
to personal violence, their hearts were sufficiently 
lacerated by witnessing the distresses of others. 
But it is known, that women sometimes displayed 
greater fortitude than the men. 

Many touching scenes occurred at the re-union 
of husbands and wives after their separation. 
Thus the pastor, Stephen Pilarik, on being libe- 
rated from prison, unexpectedly met his wife and 


child, who had previously fled, at the house of 


pastor Adam Hartmann, in a village near Prague; 
from whence they went to Thorn. 

The worst position was that of widows; many 
of whom did not long survive their husbands, 
as is proved by numerous monuments in Zittau 
for young wives from Bohemia. Several surviving 
widows of the exiled pastors, lived in Upper Lu- 
satia, in the greatest poverty, and were only sup- 


oli bal oval siya Ww ae belie 


_ wild Lame byt  ieaetnal ot 


eases aye 
-imoxy ‘Tarlt ‘to emu alt a eatin 


ql wultgnods ot ols and 
to aviqiast Dial, tne trtme ¥2 re 


yh Pvmnger ab atolls gee eA, - 
marie walt agen ve diets 
glfutsersaire reuse nes a eo 


seetezaly seiner one shidaiewn fren spmcieetails oat 
iy lorene weeil Mive oH asoitqtomh eer yn . 
ey ie etary 0 ee ae an 

aiyxc otleieney wilt). st) etoettel hon abn ‘ieilt fat . 
eivendanil waordve veout ta ban gitget Ww anoline 
ny «ARIK ra alld 8 Haid! baw haweltne o197 
mniepioe mgigtdl pi susbyolq ttt jue at basil ote# ” 
hatemidive tom saviorniadd, 219 yt ool wove 
ylimsinitiue sow aigoil sivilt, noudaiy Tnwaern of 
prbdto do. eoseotialli o1l) guiiaeoiiiw ql batwronl 
fwvqategaile enerabsoovens = w awd ~— ai ti duth 


wotie<vs ot 1s. ikhecg aoe 3 pyterriag! 
okey! gin? volla eoviv Tun etoeatetrt o~ 


cod) gaisd no» lili padyore <colag, ott euitt 
ino oliw atl deat ene wonky wot borer 
Se gaan: = per dull, ee leueivarq bail gilve bila 

aa i aoe aif 900 we mont 
v.comitt senobiw Yo tsdt enw ack og terow iT : 


abawtad iada evivsne gaot toa bik 
sen at eraarranOny anOrasiOe ie iq 
yuivivane Love: Alene lL, wort ANoy 
MAD sexy at Movil emmoaaony Wolizae ld io 8 

“ue ie ranean: agave, dnotapns wl) Sho 


HS ch 


tamer 


1 etc neh 


THE EXILES. 462 
ported by the charity of ladies, who pitied the mis- 
fortunes of these innocent and respectable beines. 
Among others was the widow of the often 
mentioned Pastor Martini, from Prague. At the 
demise of her husband she had four young children, 
and was just expecting the birth of a fifth. In 
Pirna she lost all she had by the rapacious Swedes, 
among other things the valuable library of her 
husband. She then went to some exiled friends 
in Zittau, where she lost her youngest child; 
but at last she lived to see happier days with her 
affectionate sons. 

From numerous biographies of the literati of that 
period, we learn that they had been compelled to 
emigrate even in their childhood. Thus Gotze, 
in speaking of young Willich, son of the well 
known Erasmus, says: ‘“ Like his truly christian 
parents, he became an exile for Christ’s sake, in the 
ninth year of his age, owing to cruel persecution ; 
but it was not without a great drawback upon his 
education.” 

. That so many of the clergymen who were dis- 
missed from Bohemia, should afterwards have been 
appointed in Saxony and elsewhere, to such elevated 
posts as those of Superintendents and “ Pastores 
Primarii,” is certainly a very striking and remark- 
able circumstance, and which not only tends to their 
honour, individually, but also shews how much the 
communities of Bohemia lost by the expulsion of 
these talented men, who must have been sadly 
missed by their congregations, since those individuals 
who at first filled their places, were by no means 
equal to them in abilities. Nor can we suppose that 
such as came later were more talented, since they 


neath Jt as a ae BA le a) Re ee a a ad a 


ne eA a RE CT RLS 


non ee UT cos 


oe ; 
vim itt Boitle ada enilsl Yooytt 1 bolroq: 
woalul oblereqet bie support oeaill to su 
wile att ‘ko wobive aris sow morlio oor, 


yt alt th toed orev) Jiniield sonmeT ottoman 
ueduialagnios voct bed eater basadened til Vo extend 
= eal aii « ‘te anid oli seu, an hans 
este Botner salt yl batt inti teal ola wart 
ai to yi piloulaw ot tgeidt torto gnomes 
soit belize amie aa jew cole od bration 
bllido. a-eywuny weil trol ode @igily ani al 
wal daha eyob sonpjed owe or pévil ale nel to tad 
| sttron ooiaerol othe 

judt Ww iaorstil ads lo eoidqergoid enoupmead aror't 

ot Dellogaros toenk bad godt tat navel ow boi 
eeiD-anl'l hoodblida tisk fi teres alurglets 
flow oft 20 wos AoW. gauny To quldunye at 
wetrebulo li ait clit’ ieqen een word 
oult int odae adel!) val olixe te Geran ort ceemeq 
- wolivesstoq Iona ol gaiwol egw aid ‘to ves iitnte, 
alt neq dsadwerh teoryg » seoclitw Jom baw H tad 
: * moiaouhe 

+ih.com ofa soarymole ot Yo yment o# IelT 
jee ovad elamw'iotia bloogla ,cimeaiot enet] bosstar 
hotevelo dds od oralvsels bra yooee? al holalogee 
eriolan'L * hum etctabaotnissqua te ssoild ae etaoq 
arate baa -piidints 6 qloinhtoo ¥ “ itainil 
ties ot abu ylio don dot praprienteltars: 
ot doum wod enoile cals wd vlhabivibat supood 
” Yo noleluqag silt yd tool oimadotl Yo esitimumunos 
yihen nod ave jaum alee ote besdoalad geoils 
vluvbivllat ssad? souvie wnotnryargans till qd a 

i 


aroun oo Wi ae dvonly ‘iodt belt dari tn 6 
rusk) qacreeyaae went yoVi> vapitilice at comils of 
youl) conia ,botols same siow sete ation at Hema’ 


364 THE EXILES. 


had no longer any inducement or opportunity of 
emulating the learned Protestants.” 

As two centuries have now nearly elapsed since 
the period of the exiles, their families are at present 
amalgamated with the rest of the people. The 
service which had formerly to be conducted in the 
Bohemian language at Pirna, Dresden, Zittau, 
Neusalz, Berlin, and various villages, has ceased, and 
the present generation perceives nothing of the 
exiles; the very name that was formerly familiar 
to all,is now only known to a very few. But 
whoever pays any attention to antiquity will still 
find many visible traces of them. 

The memory of the exiles is also preserved by 
the Bohemian termination of their names, but es- 
pecially by their descendants. Some families, such 
as Martini, Facilides, Frenzel, Lischer, Pesclick, 
haye, since then, considerably increased. Numerous 
families of the upper and lower classes, are aware 
of their origin from the exiles; as is the case with 
the Dubas in Saxony, who still possess the document 
whereby their common ancestor was made an out- 
law. Upper Lusatia has thereby not only obtained 
an increase of population, but has also gained a 
number of talented and useful men. The town of 
Zittau especially, can boast that the most deserving 
directors of the college were the children of exiles ; 


* In a sermon preached in 1654, at Scheyr, by the old Licen- 
tiate and Prior Amilian Ferrer, are the following words:——“ I may 
say that a priest is more even than Christ himself; for Christ 
must be subject and obedient to the priest, at whose will and 
words he musé appear under the ‘ host,” at mass and couse- 
cration, where, when, and as often as the pricst wishics.”— 
Caroli Memorabil. Eccles. Seculi xvii. (1702) p- 98.. 


. 
= 
ee 
2S 
——— 


573 PT sy * BE 7 
to eine 10 -doneurbitt yar —_ “om Thal 
* siraientor’) Leen ort gelictiany 


teot ont ditow bernurglortd 


& 


malt Ye qaidhiad Fevinoeq anon 1H} ott 

sdiliadl yen gow tad) cara Ca ait ;eslixe . 

pth ae peor aeot anced oli ores a 

itixe iw qinpiters 6) coituetia Yan rovood @ 
tends le erqeert obdilane cnet. 

7d Wvremang“oele ai~anlino oilt ‘te proarpar oT 

eofod een tile Wo splnalarist maisendotl edt - 


svowrnyi ~ dmeseron) videnabienos unl sents overt 
werner: gear euentey soaro| ete -toqapen alt Yo eaibianal, 
ity any oid 2 20 pestiny odt.snodt, angina: tip 
sapnuoo of). geoeanry [kite otlvr enone ai endl mild 
die dccabant ser yotesonn sorties tails Ventsu 
baiitnade elie dour veborodlt anal aiseamh voqq J Junk 
« banieg ocala ead ud ,aoiteln Yo seem 16, 
qo wed sit orwor Toloew bing wr : 
qguiviorh seven -ailt yetlt tamod spa pyllwiaones - 

; ailixe ‘wo aothlida act wom ogilieg ait to 


spwoiil blo addy ayant sa\,bODe at hacisiompaoemibes HLS 
Hes oll oars : 


9 ° 


"phe ang WY ee ilo Oe boo we 
“ap OTE) hive Hone .0skoad 


ee ee 


RO ET 


THE EXILES. 365 

such as Christian Keimann, who was a native of 
Pankraz in Bohemia, and had emigrated with his 
father; Christian Weise, the excellent and far-famed 
school-director and author, whose father, Elias 
Weise, also an excellent teacher, was the son of an 
exile from Leichtenberg, and whose mother, Anna 
Profelt, had emigrated from Kamnitz in Bohemia. 
The next rector, Gottfried Hofmann, a pedagogre 
of the first class, was yet a child when he emigrated 
with his father from Silesia, on account of their 
religion. Anton Giinther, con-rector, was the son 
of the frequently named Wolfgang Giinther, super- 
intendent of Friedland; and Christian Peschek, 
teacher of mathematics in Zittau, and by his works, 
for a long time the instructor of many countries, 
was a destitute descendant of an exile. The ccle- 
brated historian and grammarian, Abraham Frenzel, 
was also descended from an exiled family. 

Next to these general descriptions of the condition 
of the exiles, the most important consideration is 
their places of refuge. On three sides, the east, 
south, and west, they were surrounded by the 
territories of the Emperor, and by those of his 
Bavarian allies; in the north alone were the gates 
of liberty. The Brethren, the Utraquists, and the> 
Calvinists, against whom there was then a great 
prejudice, even in Saxony, directed their course 
north-west to Holland, or north-cast to Prussia. 
Some of them even went to Sweden, and England. 
Great was their longing for a_ peaceable residence, 
where they might be at least free from those op- 
pressions, to which they had been subject in their 
native land. 

A large portion of Saxony is only divided by 


BOG ee: ee 


= J 9 


-_ la 


na Yo poe silt tow orto Heollaony ie oat baie W 
eT, wt svieme A inci, bipngjnd bad 
angogring & nadntoH | 2 aiowt Sxgn 
behyratite ad deck dbfiols a tog-ene ealy weri-ads Yo 
viol? Io Jamoonn ag cieali% colt waded aid stn 
aoe wil) are Gonur-nos wilt ork — torgifet 
~pqnatoilinsD yamgtle' bonina elinanypertt silt Io 
etoeT caieitalD bow 7 baie Jo snebootai 
atigw eit yd bisa vets nt esitemeestets to vodlssat 
yeianoo tania Yo tetouient edt omit geo! o at 
~lga odT.. .olixe na. to dobasesh ate & enw 
Jose maderdtsA caisson bina catrotenl bead 
lint halize.on mot bobnosesh oea enw 
noibaos odd to eoliqiisesb frig sed? oF te. 
vi moltasbiano tomtvoquie tsar atttsslize odt Yo 
eae ail gobie soult nO agdler We esoulq tind” 
edt yd bobnorres ow poly Serr brik * ioe 
tid, Yo soods yt hice sror9qiSl ‘oat Yo exfiodtvaas 
eoteg of? grow anole aston alt at pills meievell 
~of bas ateinpert okt weonlotl oll i . 
Jovrg « soit eow overs srouly demiiogis ete 
‘ozuroo tio) betovtib pyroxene wit oyvo jodibujenq 
siawtT of Peo-rlron 10 ,buallol of teow-dion 
bachaol bas show ot teow mere ead? 6 omoe 
ooobiea aldevmeq a co) yr aise einy 
-qo-esnidy tro¥l ott beast mn gould, 
“atheist sopidiae ved hort yor aloitw 


” gd Bobiadb. gles shagonedl Yee 


insity 


a 


366 RESTING PLACES 


a chain of mountains from a long line of Bohemian 
towns; and some districts of Bohemia found a still 
easier entrance into the neighbouring province of 
Upper Lusatia. Ferdinand I1., having sought 
assistance from John George, elector of Saxony, in 
order to overpower his revolting subjects, gave him 
Lusatia for his services ; and thus the Protestants of 
Bohemia found in that province a place of refuge 
against persecution. Here they could no longer be 
harassed by the Jesuits and Lichtenstein dragoons ; 
here they were protected by a Lutheran Prince, 
and enjoyed the friendship of their fellow believers. 
They could now even receive their emigrating and 
banished countrymen into their own houses, and 
afford them support, shelter, and safety, against the 
fury of their enemies. The southern part of Lusatia 
was, therefore, the principal place of refuge for the 
exiles. It was so near, and consequently so con- 
venient during their long cherished hope of a 
return; and the language of the Vandals moreover 
had a great affinity to that of the Sclavonian Bo- 
hemians. 

The government of Saxony could not be indiffer- 
ent to the constant arrival of the exiles, and though 
an increase of the population was then thought very 
desirable, there were, nevertheless, some objections 
to it. But as early as January, 1623, Adolph 
Gersdorf, governor of Upper Lusatia, issued an 
order for the friendly reception of the emigrants, 
which was publicly read from all the pulpits. The 
following rescript was afterwards addressed by the 
Elector to the high-bailiff of Budissin: ‘ We are 
petitioned by certain tradesmen of Reichenberg, and 
the adjacent places, for protection and permission to 


— i 
a —— 


a 


\ sgn ge@e stsides. qeislovat 
es . 


een | 


reuosituld Yo anil geal & aretl Te onindos a : 
ite 2 boned atinridetl Vo etokrith cates. bon; ero» i 


Seentateoron, tr audtinut « nial 
aqilat Yo euly » Maroy sail tinted 
ad-exgrol ot Bivwa-yzdlt cull artiieegerep Meannge | 
sencwger) niotereattigit has orien’ ade yt 
sour) anwdtat oe ed bomen’ tar pale snot 
evrralind wollst tintit Yo qistehnait adr bevroipe ban. 
hie quliirrguite tind Gvivaot oor won blows qadT 
fain peur ane Tiss) aint aocingiae? bonleinad 
gilt taniogw pyle bas sullode: 2reqepue cert trols - 
simmikt To fing osnltecesdT -aslaname sind 2a yu 
git rot quiet To aauly lnqionriy ae prudtoxads ,20w 
ooo om qlicsupeeros bee govt ats ene al olixs 
jo “sya tmdaltoris. gral godt gqetab setsiaay, 
soyorwin nba odd to sgaxgan! cule ban. wn, | 
off fulawenleg orlt Yo: tndty oF iaiie icorry, o bed ; 
_qjtitbh ed row’ bln» y101.0% Yo kaeeaaoreg oat 
dovaitt tan eliza odt Yo Levit Jamenroo of 0) 109... 
qobe tignods med) enw noriulucyod aly to oxwirgat i 
evottysjdo yitoe \zenlasnovert ao godt 
ilqfehA 6901 socal ao “yiiet. ee ff oh 
‘ig baw yates soqey!T “to sowraroy, robe _ 
pinrigiog add te nodquyet vibaart odd awl bro 
all afuplaep ody Tin stort hoor qoildng 
oft yd ‘Peeworbha abreminie 20% 
wt out + aieaibotl w Tilt ( 
Trine gptadinontotagl Yor sensnnealiers 
ot noel baw dowagiony 10) 


J 


_ 
am 
“eH WOR 
. 
way 
ae ‘ 


Piatt Nene peg OOOO URE NEM er Ncgmm 


ne ere eS OEE ete my arene 4 A at anise ay ag KFRILRIESS Nhe way Oe eRe NOPE AU SEAN (PON nt 


~ 


OF THE EXILES. 367 


settle in our territories. Unwilling to refuse their 
petition, provided that they leave their country on 
account of religion only, and not in conseq'tence of 
misdemeanour, (to which great regard must be paid :) 
we authorise you to allow them and others, who 
may desire the same, to settle in the town of Zittau, 
or in any other town of our electorate of Upper 
Lusatia. The settlements, however, must not take 
place too near the frontier, nor be in too large a 
number at one place: the immigrants must of course 
be subject to the laws of the country. You will 
therefore give the necessary orders to the sub- 
authorities.” In a notice of the 22nd of June, 1652, 
the high-bailiff, Count Callenberg, says:—It is 
the will of our sovereign that, in the reception of 
exiles, the authorities of Zittau should proceed with 


equity and kindness, and not according to the- 


strictness of the town-laws. Having lost all their 
property by their faithful confession, and for the 
sake of their religion, these poor people are not to be 
subjected to needless difhiculties.” 

Owing to its geographical position in relation to 
Bohemia, the town cf Zittau was best adapted asa 
place of refuge for the poor exiles, and hither they 
came in great numbers. Here they wised to wait 
for a change of circumstances which right recall 
them to their beloved fatherland. 

The exiles that came first were received in the 
most friendly manner, because they had evinced the 
greatest firmness, and sustained the greatest losses ; 
they were, moreover, of the higher classes, and 
were not wholly destitute of means, and those who 
sheltered them were then not so poor as they after- 
wards became in the thirty years war. 


cea el a A le 


Se | Sa jer 


roe” KALA HT IO - Pa 
sind ovation a1 guittirat  cobattaiad ud it olinoe 
ao ystinos tint osnol ysl anit ibiviorg. woltiag” 
To womiepoatios just Brn yh emaighlvi. To ntinane 
(bined torre fremgot terry oid weal) snensamabat 
od andi Bok imuls wolle oF soe stodiow aw 


patties io get alt vd olttoe OF ad aidasb gure 
Tq) ni 


Yo sreraimalt con to 


- gre i 
aS does Sawer wero) zt » gfT .titnainl 


eogel sot ai at vor psitsodt off “wow oof welg 
catiys to dawie Cninnyitenisilt + analap cue beeradinse 
lie we Yerieion “silt Yo varnl alt ut mo[(doe. xd 
alee att oy avahio ytiaeosom sili Guhg sadlensil 
SoOP nwt to let? od lowtion «al “oithoding 
af 31s yan” ytsitinally. imn0D Milind agit ott 
wr woiqaner: Srit ai smilt rgivtoree Wied To Mie oils 
dive. bender blued metiS to esbirorftiin oft polies 


gd) of edibioven dor het eetibatd bog trp 


sioda He thot geval! —<erel-ierot it) eepatorie 
att Wh Man rchednos Wits sedi pl Gregor 
od of don stu Aljoxg 10d Head noAgioe AhyAt Yo ohos 
+“ aeitlvoittih wealleour of ec: 

¥ 


oi boosirs bal yor sandoed prom 
penol sevinetg ot banicene baw, | 
few eonaado: nihil’ eld Vo 7 

onde sits Lem ygeniort Yo stusthienly ytfoit 


| floitw tou sma 
vats youd em tOoq oF Sort isilt oraw teal) bavadlod 


_ 


368 THE EXILES AT ZITTAU. 


The inhabitants of this town were especially 
affected by the cheerfulness with which the Bohe- 
mians flocked to the altars, to satisfy their longing 
for the proper celebration of the holy communion. 
Thus there were on one Sunday in 1628, six hundred 
and thirty-eight communicants assembled in the 
principal church of Zittau, even in the presence of 
many Catholic soldiers; on another occasion, on 
the 10th Sunday after Trinity, the number of com- 
municants amounted to three hundred and six. 

The exiles that came to Zittau were chiefly from 
the adjacent districts of Bunzlau, Leitmeritz, Koni- 
gingraz, and from the old-town of Prague. The 
soldiers employed by the Governor Lichtenstein, in 
order to force the people to obedience, pursued the 
fugitive Protestants even within the boundaries of 


‘Zittau. In 1629, the imhabitants expected an 


attac’. from these troops; and the Elector of Saxony 
ordered them to close and guard the gates, to pro- 
vide themselves with ammunition, and be prepared 
to repel the incursion. That the fugitive Pro- 
testants were thus far pursued, is evident from an 
exile having been found, on the 28th of June, lying 
dead, with his tongue cut out, in the suburb of 
Zittau. When the persecution was renewed in 
1651, for reasons already mentioned, and new emi- 
grations consequently took place imto Lusatia, the 
soldiers were stationed to guard all the roads; and 
if an exile was seized, he was chained and cast into 
prison. 

It must not, however, be supposed that the 
exiles were all Sclavonian Bohemians, and strangers 
to the German language ; no, many of them were 
descended from German families, which had settled 


——a 


OUTS TA coat ay 


N hy ae - 
vilnineages wim owed silt to SS er sata ow ium 
-sihidl cule don dsiw souls idee oil gd: se 
unttyeol vbele -vidiee of etetle oalt-op bedboll amnion 


aomunnnen Hod cls te wteijetdole toqory ott 40h 
lithgosl ze 2291 wi yobani one sown erode andl? 


ait ash Daldgrve=m, ebanom iayeividy bab 
hemngeay wll al sve tt aonb : 


e 
1 one sevbiong mm peoidifee viedo) Yasar | 
eqn ey elute alt pytindyT onde gabe daOT ould 
ae lun Gstlined nour of Lovegome ad omoisare 
meth siteids vow-enniS of oor tebttales of? 
iattl siintod nolan lo atointell seognibe ods 
AT oogerT lo ayotbly silt gettting .sitryatg 
wi wntodenstisil sonvtvot)olt yd hoyoliprs «giblos 
pili honey eoisibade at alqoog on? denot 0+ tabi 
lo euivehatiend. oft oldtiv~seve stemetor'l ovliigit 
id holonyzo ehemidadot ody 260 wl entity 
juan? to wie IT ods bin peqoorw aeml) cao Avatte 
ong of tego) Intiy bie oxoly oh inods bersbiq > 
fvomncporg od bine wobviaaeee Tikw elected? abie~ 
sl ovisigut ot iad’ aidieaonk alt loqot od. 
weaned sophie <i boner st quilt onsw atetedest 
sotr(l ouial, Yo di82 odt- uo bowel med-gaived aliza: 
Yo ddae oils ath Quo ter ougued aid: diiw hayb- - 
ai Wewauot expr deimedersq odd: cod «ett 
lero weet hoe bonelticne (beak anoanon ot LGOb 
odt vattoaad ofni saxty doot ybioupeenun enoiterg » 
ham; obror ols In teug of Lonoinaiearew esotblon 
om daep baw bouieds cow of boxing enw sfize tte» 


evixqeverene Bidyis patesdanonloott 
cou ard Yo Yitaae cour > 
volitoe hunl dodlalwe peailiverd 


oo) tO > 
off ind? fotoqque of cwviwonl aon dana tone 
he muinovely Ue oro aghlna 


ee AREER TT) ATT net ee ntl EMEA ane Ba eh ten nian <= 


en 


THE EXILES AT ZITTAU. 369 


in the districts of Bunzlau, Saaz, Budweis, and 
Ellenbogen, some of whom could not understand 
the Bohemian language at all, and therefore joined 
at once in the public worship of Zittau. 

Among the exiles who came into the neighbour- 
hood of this town, there were also many Calvinists, 
who were at that time feared and hated by the 
Lutherans; and as “ the ‘ Reformed’ Protestants 
could neither expect to obtain a legal exercise of 
their religion, nor to be incorporated with the 
Lutheran community,” this circumstance formed a 
source of great anxiety to the clergy of Zittau. As 
the doctrines of Calvin could have been more im- 
perceptibly and more easily introduced than those of 
the Roman church, the clergymen of the place con- 
sidered it needful to act the part of the strictest 
and most vigilant zealots. They were, therefore, 
very glaa when Dr. Matthias Borbonius,* who was 
one of the ‘ Reformed,’ left Zittau, with many others 
of the same persuasion, and went to the town of 
Thorn. The expelled pastor Cruppius, who, 
though not properly appointed as minister, was 
assisted and beloved in Zittau, was forced to undergo 
a strict examination on his Lutheran creed, before 
he could be permitted to preach to the exiles in the 
Bohemian language; and the Rev. John Thaddius, 
who quietly pursued his literary avocations in 
Zittau for twenty-two years,f and who was also in 
the habit of taking the holy sacrament with the 
Lutherans, was nevertheless suspected of being a 
secret Calvinist; at his death, in 1652, he was 

* See Vol. i. page 437. 
+ His Conciliatorum Biblicum, printed in 1648 at Breda, was 
dedicated to the town-council of Zittau. 

se) a Oe 2 2B 


Avera cect taal 


ss a os id NN ee a i a lhe 


ee eer ts 


rs i” a ee 
woe ee ee 


han Mertboll sac? irdleatll Ye ‘eons ol ni 
himieatow tot bleo» mrodw I¢ ante” | 


Yo seeds pnd! boii bottni {lens erom lve yldiqorag 
sees alg off To wont ygals ods dont anaes orl 
peatotte alt to Mung edt forced Miho 31 howhie 
wedinetr tow oyadT : stolae  tanlegty Wong bea 
eae? ote *2utaodto€l entiistall ol ede alg Qrov 
efoto gman div’ tratiS: fol \baeroie!! * ont Yo onto 
Yoornot silt of taaw bie thoienderg ssh ad? Yo 
corte nigga!) totenq hollogqze otf .mod't 
paw corbeir #6 botniogga ybiyery fuer dguorlt 
eeypueleniy of’ Loca eer arent asi berobot Fuad betrinan 
oidted bev seutiod 2k no mottenioexs tite @ 
silt af safixe odt of onsrq-et bottiartoy od laos oil 
anibbedT wilol oval ol bra qegunpgesl aaimododl 
ni ecoioove qretotll ail keneroq ybetwp odw 
nicela env oder ban termoy owlepiaowt wk raMis 
ona ditiw anemone ylod orl) getter Yor tidal ol 
a giled Yo betooqene exslodsraved cow eastodtnT 
ace bd SOOF ai wltasb- eid am. pdetivlbD domes 


| ore epee ae 
et 4 964 tng in rvifisno® at + 
a @ | raed | 


370 THE EXILES AT ZITTAU. 


therefore only allowed to be interred privately, at 
night, in the cross-walk of the cloister. In Gorlitz, 
also, they were so fanatical, as, in 1692, to perse- 
cute the widow of a clergyman, because he was sus- 
pected of having been a Calvinist. 

But those who were acknowledged as true Lu- 
therans, were treated by their fellow ministers of the 
Gospel, with friendship and benevolence. Hence the 
Archdeacon Winziger is styled, in a poem by one of 
the outcast clergy, ‘the sect anchor of the exiles.” 
The town clergy were also assisted by the exiles in 
their parochial duties, whenever these increased to 
a more than ordinary degree. 

From want of room in the town itself, the exiles, 
who were desirous of building houses, were directed 
to a certain piece of pasture land which was no 
longer used as such; and in this place arose a new 
range of buildings, being an enlargement of the 
southern suburb, on the east side of the river Neisse. 
Useless marshes were thus converted into beautiful 
gardens, and the eastern part of the so-called 
Bohemian suburb was called mto existence. The 
neglected pasture land has, therefore, during nearly 
two centuries, been occupied by pleasant houses and 
orchards, which are, however, no longer solely in 
possession of the descendants of the exiles. Their 
trade was chiefly in cattle and poultry, and their 
language well qualified them for journeys into 
Sclavonia, whence these were procured. 

As many of the Bohemians were at first unac- 
quainted with the German language, it became re- 
quisite to establish a separate divine service for them. 
The difficulty in effecting this was by no means 
through lack of Bohemian nunisters, for there were 


yy eeeena Tene ee 


a - 


a 


< ep 
SQATTID TA S220 ONT ae 


in vlooeriiy havgral od ot os te hig 
bit) ol awtetoly oft to dlew-racroens oF figin 
sor ot SG0F al at a! 7 pec fpef = = 
ne ere nl ome! aang a to W S60 SE Ooo, 
jeintsle) 9 mad — Yo hotosg 


ool qutteebogledoundoe sro ollveoeola tll 
eee da yd bataur vn 19! a 
| W¢ ’ 


oilt sammlt . vapatervand tres qiile 

Yor Gime el ectoog uid glalyte at sogisnl  aonmbstp A 

* eslise cul) lo rodadatos>2 pili ‘ele favnbten oft 

pt elles cel qo Lukeiene cals orm ‘tprala nwot dT | 

of bnaea tant. salt reroasdye. atte taidootamy vtods 
ores taeribre ods ero # 

polite ole Moet remot oot ciated, de gee vveeth 


fotovihsaw goaiod guilllud Ww engtkeehowme alw 


on sey toblyw nel oviteng ‘lo. ooaig aleriyo «07 
wot ¢ megre sonlg alld sit Som 5 lopraan boew raneral. 
al} le sesangules ca good eyelid jo egies 
pelo. rit old to abiz deny, vit so cule irealizios 


* filtinasd otal bermviuoo 2zuilt stow eodlanoun sankael I i 7 


hatlio-o8 oft} Tq txeq orate ot bag poling. 
otT swatting ott bollna. eny drudva suetiasdoh 
vitoon yoiiuh orciera|t url Livolorsietey botvalyet, 
ban doaved Humasly yd haiqnese nved geimiens ont. 
ni ylolve wynol on jovewod one shhh abrudog, 
viol? voliza oid lo etushavoral ot ty moiameeog 
tiudt bie pyluog ban olijey of yBeids enw obwtd, 
oink eyonino), tt moult boftilerp dew eye 
-»  sboniog ry, Hew oaailt conadvr 
~yeew deh te oy povicwalodl ont te y 
ot veued st omg — fiw bxiaisop 


pala o6 Soh Fey are 
etuw world tol reer 1st 


2 


iia 


a a 


THE EXILES AT ZITTAU. 371 


numbers of them in the town; but the difficulty lay 
in procuring the consent of the clergy of Zittau, who 
entertained a great dread of the Calvinistic doctrines. 
The exiles were therefore obliged to petition a long 
time, before they were permitted to have a distinct 
service. The exiled minister, Galli, had already since 
1627, preached sermons and given instruction to the 
children in their native language, in his own house ; 
and from about the year 1652, after the arrival of 
numerous exiles from the domain of Friedland, this 
was done in a private saloon, where the above 
named Cruppius conducted their services. Some 
were really fond of such concealment, having been 
accustomed to secrecy from the period of the Bohe- 
mian troubles of 1622. Thus they became willing 
hearers of Cruppius, for their chief desire to listen to 
the true werd of God, in the Bohemian language, and 
without persecution, was then fulfilled. But whilst 
some were pleased with their sceret worship, others 
were desirous of being permitted to hold divine 
service in the church of St. Peter and Paul, which 
was embellished with a beautiful altar, by the exiled 
Countess Hohenlohe, or in one of the three churches 
which were unoccupied every Sunday morning. 
Yet it was no easy task to obtain the use of a 
church; for the native clergy rather desired a 
union of the exiles with their own communities, or 
for a removal of the obstinate Bohemians to Dres- 
den or Neusalz. Unauthorised meetings or con- 

venticles of the Bohemians, for the propagation of 
dissenting principles, were prevented by force. 

A more urgent request for a separate church was 

made in 1654, when Cruppius was occasionally 
permitted to preach in the parish church; but it was 


eae 


a i, etme ren LN eS A RL nl a lle a a le ale MER UR A ALUN ales APE 


cz fats Fy eyapee aur ie as _ 
“yal qo alt tod primer dl act cept 
oly piettiS ta vymls oly loli 
eonrvodr nigelish ete) ark nriretdresvennine he 
yal w nabtitny oF begilde widtwenett crorw anfian odl'T 
toniieib « ered of hari sm yoda vidled mis 
hoi life) ratehivler baltes oT <epbvie 
silt eitscuent worty Ling Sekerins fidanary TSO 
pheno tye eit ob egsrytenl pian ehplt af norblids 
fo favivw all safle SCO tee alt weds mot ban 
ally Laity? Vo Wisco wh aw xine avnsmn 
oven ode ature jrinolee alain val seob enw 
sn ole eds batsobaie elgg besos 
need guived dimndanjauy dove YW fat yllpen emw 
~elott alt 16 boty elt imet) yooree ot Honreteauen 
qullliw satmsod yout wilt ROT VW itd vor antor 
oy wotall oF wilesh Willy abet GaP abled Yo exagaad 
hii egadgua! maierddotl alt of feet) be teow our? ails 
dalistor Hollie iiodd arn steitiestreg smodiiw - 
arorlte qiderow Jute ‘tivilt (Wiw bessely otow seroe 
avivib blot of betters grid to scotizsb” ow 
oid fuaT Deg 19st 28 Yo tlotwelo ons wt salvia = - 
Ahalize ili .yd ratte faitinonsd ative hertetlodins aoe 
eitennds seult silt to ono at to dtolondoll eotungD " 
ariciom yelbund pws baiqgnaann owe doidw 
& “to oetr oil wade ot dant” on Saw tt Y¥ 1. 
a borissh wltor yyroly 1 wilt wtp rlowaito 
fo Sotterannieters reves “xibild fear stn wit Yo aiaw 
ptt ot ennitasitodl soa 
Hoo 1 eQusitoned Lae pera 


“We wis jolt wi eertohiniootl itd 
; pt _ ateaateay wntoyr eae) 


ali md kaw aul) may (bee 
ean Hi ne Or dhivny acl nd ond © 


7? 


Ore THE EXILES 


in vain. So were also their appeals of 1664 and 
1665, when they represented the saloon as really 
too small, too dark, and too dilapidated. Of the 
appeal of 1668, when, after the demise of Cruppius, 
permission was sought for Paul Matthiades to de- 
liver his sermons in the private saloon, the magis- 
trates thought there would soon be no necessity for 
it, but the Elector granted their request. The 
exiles were indefatigable in their petitions, and at 
last, in 1669, they obtained permission to sing 
Bohemian hymns during their communion services 
in the church of St. Peter and Paul. In 1670 
they petitioned four times for the partial use of a 
church, where John Milesius might at least deliver 
his sermons. But the council and clergy thought 
their requests needless and impracticable. In 1672 
their petition was also rejected by the reigning 
Prince, and in 1674 the town-council expressly de- 
clared, that the formation of a separate community 
was uot a matter of real necessity. 

At length, in 1690, the exiles obtained their 
repeatedly expressed desires. ‘The former refectory 
of the abolished Franciscan cloister was given them, 
and put into repair, by means of the benevolent 
contributions of several citizens. The sacraments, 
however, continued to be administered in the church 
of St. Peter and Paul, until the year 1801. The 
church of the exiles became gradually embellished, 
and a greater zeal was evinced in church affairs ; 
they established a Sunday-afternoon, and a weck- 
day service, and in 1803 the last pastor, Borott, 
preached occasionally, even in German, to exile and 
other hearers. At his demise, in 1832, the Bohe- 
mian sermons were discontinued, and were only 


SU re 


oh viewnpen tpauvo-syee sd -bTOL al how comisd 


Vilwer ap toalee ole botasesrqet i 
lt 50) devtwhiqnlils on Lian at 


~ sokqupa to sedenes welt roe woken, AOE Yo langqa . —_ 


sols 42 vohaddisnlt, de™l.adh plgvon sat yer eee | ; 
~2inos sly, gacsolers vsnvoeiony galt th sonatas Aish tay 
wr Pltesegsnaey oar ook una abit vr nnn mage 
aT senpeetiadd hoseoren sodnalil mat wd fi 
ta bas 2noltitog: tied? oi ollogialabyt ow aalixg 

gee ot nwieninrend foainidy wilt OO a, t 
snivrrsx moines aed? guhob. eacngd | 

Orit al dent bea sated 14.to clonal oft at 
«Yo sar belong: wild vol 2000) tah, lyoraalé lay, ods 
woiliob daa dr degier coieeliM, anfol onmitwr gtlonmtie 
pigrvenls ygisto” be Houses adds ull sworn aul 

Sth ab aldesktonnqual bite seelh oom etemepert Co) 
gaint odd yd botosips cele aon woitiing tinds 


lavarnos stays. 4. ‘to aviuunrol ult amltbowila . 
ytieannony Inet to satin Oe BE. ~ 
stot bonito esifer dt 08BT, ni rast ih oder 
ramet arst-atT  .evtizah boveonyes, a 
aqoilt savig eave tanidte cosalonnh heilaifods atl Yo. ' 
soulovensd sult Qo etrrom yd ving ain ty bon 
toomevnaolT envi Levers Yo zaodadint 


aude on esniabo ob boushine caves pl 
oft 1O8L auoy cl, pore ae aE, ne 
hoddeiflodens yttonberrs ocravad eulico old) »- 
perielia (ivrwile-obehepaive sow. loos Westy 2 PAR 
_dasw b Dw rogers yahint brortsildistan 2 
pomdl tolesq tanh odt £08h0n) how aatvioy yal 
bus olige at tmeenldiad nave .¢!lonoienaee ail 

| soiled) off GG2b oh yatenl wid AL era a 

dlno wow ha Paanitaceih sow amomine, Ana 


ere ee erty See ote 


nee a ea TOTS eR INI 


AT GROSSHENNERSDORE. oe 


read to the community for a short time after by the 
schoolmaster, who continued also to use the H ymn- 
book of J. G. Miiller, to which were prefixed the 
poems of Franz Ruhr (in 1734 minister to the 
exiles at Dresden), Christian Peschek, G. Dolansky, 
and Daniel Stransky. 

Numerous exiles came also to Grosshennersdorf, 
situated between Zittau and Herrnhut, at first only 
in five or seven families, until their number gra- 
dually increased ; they belonged to the ‘‘ Bohemian 
Brethren.” Of these we must give a more detailed 
description: first, because they formed a separate 
community ; and secondly, because from hence 
afterwards took place the great migration to Berlin. 
The following is a brief sketch of the course of 
those events:—When the Emperor Joseph J. had 
granted Silesia some degree of religious freedom, 
several Bohemians settled in the province, but were 
afterwards on account of their religion not tolerated. 
Then Schwedier, the zealous pastor of Niederwiese, 
taking an interest in their behalf, prevailed on Lady 
Henrietta Sophia, baroness Gersdorf, to grant them 
a settlement on her domain of Grosshennersdorf. 
This was not during the first period of the emi- 
gration, but in the period of 1724, when it was no 
longer an easy matter for the refugees of Bohemia 
to gain admittance into Saxony. Notwithstanding 
this, the number of the Hemnersdorf exiles gradually 
increased to nearly five hundred. 

These exiles belonged neither to the Lutherans 
nor the ‘ Reformed,’ but, as we have already said, 
to the suppressed and yet secretly maintained sect of 
the “ Bohemian Brethren,’* and consequently were 


* See Vol. i. pages 33, 99, Se. 


eve ore a kaneuogE oy 


wilt gal ath writ rroile'n vet i Mineeatenigs dod bert 
nell alt seu ot oae bowaitaao ‘ode eitemmoodba. 
wilh hwaltsry aver dloithw op \aollilt . 1. ta dovd 
qld ut wisinian DET ot) RIT semT Jo emoq 
Pelewstotl aiais antiiiad) (gobeinl a 7 
- “Frasier it ose Maen Mi 
qn, tri ie sinkirvesE tron sents Hoo hovinidie 
ety. thane teddy lites anda fuera © oi of 
reelapaloll * aft ab bageatgt gunk 5 ; heed ytluob 
belintob nour a evig deer wre ‘sed 10 “anudendl 
hinges bass) you) ectmed tant 7 aoitqieawsh 
one soot) senna yyiiowge hve { ysiowmws 
wilpil of nobtergine ie wool Avot elwarwlis 
to satpop oil) Jo ote hil a «i Qatwolla ofT 
ful 1. dqeel, gorge whi aed —: Masve aad 
-fetobag'tt anoigilos tu sergal qmioe alesli@ bornarg 
cor tod soatvory ott ai bolts: exoftimdotl lowes 
‘haisreled ton uotgilys tledi Yo fimrvo%w do ebuvetails 
sviwishol® Yo roteaq Etfoluoy old r4athiowslo® aodT 
thal ag bolieveag Meroe vied ai newest ta gaidst 
mod) taarg of ubewi)-sxoeited’ nil attolasH 
MobarumdewrD lo nismob tad ao somali 0 
aw oil) lo Lorin sath oil Qetarh tom sow eid 
bs ae fi nodw. £231 Vo ody al sud aoltery 
iwrulofl lu euguiton oily 1 lta an wyaol 
sa tomas, yo %e wht Gon 
Socltn cteikeialatime tana 
sborbuuil wit lene of boengai 
ensriddud arty ot world eae zolias ovad'T 
shine ehagrle oved ww ee jad “bowridtall * eit x08 
W194, bagiataiontey Yomes tong Bonn ult of 


orew linmupataos ben * * oili 
dont eee Pe = 


374 THE EXILES 

accustomed to the simplest forms of divine worship ; 
they could not, therefore, hut be dissatisfied with 
the forms of the Lutheran church at Grosshenners- 
dorf. According to their established principles, 
they objected to all kinds of images (in conformity 
with Exodus xx. 4.), and were even offended at the 


sight of a carved angel in one of the churches of 


a: i ; 
Zittau. They also had an aversion to crucifixes; 


so that it was really no wonder the Romanists 
looked upon their objection to that symbol asa 
contempt of Christ himself, and would, therefore, 
not acknowledge the“ Brethren” as fellow-christiaus. 
The white surplices of the clergy, then universally 
used in Upper Lusatia, and also the white wafers 
distributed in the Lord’s supper, they regarded as 
Popish ceremonies. They were also immoveable in 
their objections to these wafers being placed in the 
mouth of the communicant by the hand of thie 
minister, to making the sign of the cross, to using 
forms of exorcism, to burning wax tapers during 
the communion-service, and were greatly discon- 
tented, that it was not customary with the Lutherans 
to break the bread at the Lord’s supper. Hence 
arose constant disputes. ‘They also were desirous 
of having a divine service, after their peculiar 
manner, conducted by a minister of their own :— 
but objections were raised in Saxony against this. 
In consideration, however, of their inability to 
understand the German language, their urgent 
request was at last granted by a Government order, 
dated July the 10th, 1726, which permitted them 
to appoint their own clergyman with the ttle of 
Lecturer. The first was John Liberda, previously 


elected on the 9th of October, 1725. He was a 


ADIL tacalditi ili ob FP re ee eae aa LSTA 


cae 


a BEATS EEA 2 


= LON TONLE arene Se: A Re AE AES a 


| ec as SP PS od 
; {lletow onivils Yo aneel Molatis cult ov [vaerroas19o" > 
hi “Lolth dd wud grovel: pon hlvow coud - 
ona naitearet dn virrode mitotic ply Yo aaetdt . 
Poly) oivite, tenckalielinctors vical) of goiltraonh A100 . 
ysuernaitoe il) cages ‘ty Meshal Mare belonjde , 


A iy a mateo Woh Ot i ska (hisa.ae a ne | ; 
elt 


. 
aw 


eee anrs bd create? Gs ms, af 
swiperaott. sift. salou ory yfery dew fi tad 08 
wr todenge inilr ot Art a) . hatool : 
sevtovail blow Late Yasui yori. a Jqerrakaioo 
wisnlthiveloowel lt aa “curedtort? teil wa hol woadae ten 
Stowerovvluas -anscls yyealy ants To malaga otltw alt 
svi adit. wile: vale boo oitiented vag ab heae 
any hihiungey gad veoqey we abit adi at hotuditeth 
yi uideovenmnd golaswm i yodT . eater deiyol 

adi a Wourday qealed estne venlt ot sugitayle vied _ 
gle V6 tema edt ql, deggie wilt lo Atwom, _ 
wile al pao gilt ‘lo igh eh quidem of Jeolen | 


sam liind ole alton euarmretatis ee indi , +f of ae 7 
of age! iq 
equysizoly oven tele gol T. sotonyaib taundaao na ‘ 


o} qlilidaud vind, Yo eran, in of, 
Jnggns tindd  oguingaal . getter snaterobot ae 
isha imaemertgnst) gsi boar M4 Anew t DID a - 
wot tijtoraqg-atvide SSL (Ol all vir ota 

Wy uli oot ative saweygrvoly, owe, sig datogea of 

“tionuioney galvodich-milol saw dat gil. rotsdgik ~ * 
ema ot OPE padowO to, di@ od) ao. : 


a 


ee ne 


a SE EEE BENT TIM ST AEE PAIN na PTSD HEAT 


AT GROSSHENNERSDORE. 379 
native of Upper Silesia, only twenty-five years old, 
aman of great zeal, and almost too great activity. 
Being familiar with the Polish language, he soon 
acquired the Bohemian, became a favourite preacher, 
and gradually increased the number of his hearers 
to seven hundred. This occasioned in Zittau much 
contention. For several exiles there, deeming the 
“ Brethren” to be the true Christians, thought 
lightly of the Bohemian-Lutheran worship, as con- 
ducted by the exiled pastors, Jary and Waditschka, 
and attended the services at Grosshennersdorf. The 
former did not possess Liberda’s vivacity, and the 
latter was too vehement in his sermons against those 
who differed from him in doctrine. 

The disturbances in the Zittau community of 
exiles, were principally occasioned by a certain 
Martin Kopezky. There is yet extant a Bohemian 
poem of his, of no less than two hundred stanzas,* 
wherein he laments over the persecutions of Zittau. 
This man was from Wessely, near Konigingriitz, 
and was originally a schoolmaster; he had early 
imbibed an aversion to the Romish doctrines, and 
occasionally partaken of the communion from the 
Bohemian pastor, Simonides of Zittau, though he 
was subjected to various annoyances at home, on 
account of his secret faith. At last he was sentenced 
to pay a fine, and be imprisoned, and the Evan- 
gelical books found in his possession were burnt by 
the Jesuits. In 1725, resolving to leave his home 
and his country, he went, during the night, with his 
wife and children to Zittau, and afterwards united 
himself with the exiles of Grosshennersdorf. 

* A German translation of this poem has been printed in the 
Weimar Act. hist. eccles. (1761) xvii. 714, &e. 


OYE. « cities aaa zon ee a 
solo roxy wril-giawed vlan siteliP toqqitt J 
vivvitgn tawry oot seomlg baw jax pos Br nn 
woot mi garganl dello"t oil diy sailed ye 7 
cotwmey mural « omumood maleilall oct bortapae 
stewed el lo whee edt foamaonl viloubatg baw 

» 4 waviS o| loans ddTt dovaboinund 08 wl 


ic coro etaw sa = bo ‘ Mae 
~ fitgnedt. .aolterd bird ale Ys 

“pw? &% djuleopy der T~tualnebett wil: Yo gitagil 
haifodile'l bon ial esotag ballao oft yd botoub 
oll dyoleraandaorh) Jn other ail: byhaatse han 
wh bow rionvly a'abyodil eesesny dom bil. garnet 
osoit mniwys 2oomrie aid, ai dome der oot eww nasal 
2atiwoh ai sald amet bowhily ow 

lo Woven. cas ol ni Soamutdb ofT 
nme .6 ¥d homoge ylloqinatny. vw. ,2lize 
niictlyll « lowize dey dtowdT gaged: wine 
* scene bovbod ow aody esol an To it Yo ars0g 
witlS to adoliuovewg alt rove atonntal ad nbswily 
ddingaigini A saa vise. oro sow sane oid'T 
yltes had oil: wiesmloodoa ¢ yllaniyinn exw Bon 
bon, apainsab ileinosl od) of cobnows na hodidiai 
of moth poinvainws vidi to aodeneg qlunoietavo 
od Hyuol? amaiS io ehioowlS yaleny cainasdoll 
oo ourod, je aoonryouns avoiay of Ledostdue aw 
hyontse cow od dank A, iltié fuses atl To duooon 
uv adi, tne ,banosixqent of Lipe ont a yng, of 
qo aed ow atoleeoesog eff ti Lindt adlood Ipoilsy ~ 
omtoul ail ovaol of puiviogst S8TL wl atineol oll 
wl abiw dilyia ml gcirnh doow at yiiewos sid bee 
hating eles bon wenitS ob avblide bie dw 
hobawanmdesotd Yo solo galt cai Moasnid 

~acli nb betaine, seed otal mol) aid) No rdiehinwd agent) & + 
yh gh Selire CDTL) vals aed oad ened 


376 THE EXILES AT SCHONBRUNN. 


Many other exiles of Zittau would gladly have 
joined them, but there was no accommodation in 
the small village; so that the order of the Zittau 
town-council, that those who preferred the worship 
of Grosshennersdorf, should remove thither, could 
not be enforced. During the great popularity of 
Liberda, many must have arrived at Grosshenners- 
dorf on Sundays, even before sunrise, for according” 
to an order of September 29, 1727, the Bohemian 
service was performed at an early hour. These 
Bohemians founded that part of the village called 
Schonbrunn, situated near a mountain behind 
Grosshennersdorf. In this they were encouraged 
by the owner of the domain, who had, at the same 
time, permitted the Moravian Brethren,* to forma 
colony at Herrnhut. Political circumstances, how- 
ever, produced a rupture between the proprietor 
and the settlers at Schonbrunn. They were espe- 
cially disobedient to the law which prohibited all 
further admissions of discontented Bohemians, and 
all private meetings for prayer and the reading 
of scripture. The eighteen who protested against 
this were expelled, and their endeavours to join 
those at Herrnhut, or to go to Bairuth, proved 
unsuccessful. The exiles at Schonbrunn desired 
for their church full power to elect their own 
preachers, hold their own courts of justice, and 
have their own establishments for the poor. The 
superintendent Steinmetz, and the rector Sareganek, 
then advised their removal to Neustadt on the 
Aisch, in the province of Brandenburg, and Liberda 
proposed an emigration to Berlin. A few of them 

* Settlement of the Moravian Brethren in Saxony. Jammer- 
dorfer’s introduction to a knowledge of Saxony, i. 77 —86. 


ee 
aaa - 
a 
eee eae 


MMA KONE BA Buse, ANT 


avotl. ybely Dinow pest Jo eal, T3iHO-g 


ii moifabontonen lt: ear eves poi 
org att to! thet ‘eda todd. 08 f + Mocs oft 


hiuos wot arontiet Llirarte AN IHEOTE, * 
png trarrg, “ilt ane od 10 
meine vf brian opel intel om u 
“*ynibremon 1A gerne adiod cure pb ‘ 
uaiaradotl ol PETE es qucdutongo be salto os of 
ont? eed trans Te [AGS OY sofvrse 


yonlt gilt ot Avuberakcce 
niy.daosol ort to mone oat 8 

x nrich or = crvedsorl calrerols ot faring, a 
poll sovasternstto fepitifo) . aucleresaht 18 yaolos 
nsspincqerty oh Krosiartedl srtietep® a I 
yes STI qt ommtdabslne in prgliive walt 
tls barididany Moidw wal aft ot sagibed 
hud arintttiatotl fsanoteranell) 30. oleiatya ssi 
gitbaos “od hos ayer. wl. aguitagnt ” 

sertiage cSyadaniony onlwr weotdgio Sot, spires 10” 
ot euuenibae “tisdd hap 9b ogo Huila” 
bevong tiitiall od Oy 0? to dodlerml 14 gos 
tivtizsl fnwtdadidn®, da. eoliee gill  futesooouartl 


wo tisily dole oF tAWwOY That 
ban saiteny, To a09” awe visit blo rae 


bopetnents 919% 
jeans get 6 foal 


oll .100q : L “1 8 - 7 
donugine wien ot bas ronnie, duobunrarroys “ 
oly 079 gd front’ aioily | ils 


grindit bert gerunchirabeurrth Yo anspor 
vil Yo wat AN dill of soliergit 


Saunin ill qt ui ganda naive ate 
ibe J yenand to sybalwona & ob itv 


COE 


POY OAEREN EE ADELE 


eT ee 


THE MORAVIAN BRETHREN. OTe 


remained at Grosshennersdorf, where their descen- 
dants are still recognized under their Bohemian 
names. The houses in Schénbrunn, however, came 
into possession of other people. 

At the end of the first quarter of the 18th cen- 
tury, a few descendants of the almost wholly sup- 
pressed community of the Moravian “ Brethren,’ 
came into the neighbourhood of Grosshennersdorf, 
and occasioned the foundation of the now flourish- 
ing Herrnhut, the present far-famed principal seat 
of tue transplanted “ Unity of the Brethren.’”* 

In the Moravian village of Schlen, which was 
under the dominion of the Jesuits, there lived at 
that time a family named Neisser, who had in 
infancy, been secretly instructed in Biblical chris- 
tianity, by their father, and who had received his 
last injunction, never again to depart from the 
acknowledged truth. They received further spiritual 
instruction from the brethren Nitschmann and 
others of Zauchenthal, and became acquainted with. 
a travelling Lutheran, and through him with the 
celebrated divine Steinmetz, who was minister of 
the church of Grace at Teschen. They also made 
acquaintance with Christian David, a carpenter 

* See Frohberger’s letters on Herrnhut, p. 140. Crantz’s 
History of the Brethren; the works of Lynar and others: 
especially, “ The Memorial Days of the Ancient Brethren,” 
Gnadau, 1821, which contains an historical account of the Life 
and Martyrdom of Huss, and of the first beginning of the ancient 
church of the Brethren ; a sketch of the church regulations and 
church discipline of the ancient Brethren in Bohemia, also 
Comenius’s ‘‘ Exhortation. to the faithful remnant of the dis- 
persed Bohemian Brethren ;”? with an account of the foundation 
of Herrnhut, &c, translated into English in 1822, and published 


under the title “ An Account of the Bohemian and Moravian 
Brethren.” , 


’ 


wre HANTS CARA AP 
-apaab vieds-sradw 4 nnatieD te beni 
notmedoll aisdy avhoo. J Te oe, stnnh, 
| . sims sevawod wwondnddee, essnout eutat 
oo alyonee tsikto Wo odzesexcny otutt 
7 vim 661 sai Qo totreuy gedit cult Yo fs aele 2A. 
~que qlodw womls will Yowtalaoseb webs ggmd 
cape ery “ wivarolf ofp he ysirwattioo ‘taessrq 
inhevenoadswnk) So bondeueddyion add ooni anrao 
eiintoh wort ail) to aolinbmiwt se} bortolasz00 han 
tuse loginwity beurdl-rot teeing alt tod@aslh gai 
*S none fl oft lo tie” Tretnalqemos) 2c Yo 
axw. uidw ,ualdok to syallly wutrirelt odd af 
an.. thei ensdy aliniaek alt te nadimeb off abav 
tS ai bed. odw. .weeiot boar ylimel » omit dail 
iulo Justia ot Wotortent ler mood “eonaui 
eld duvivest had ow bea podsat siodd yd ,yiianit 
ols amet Iaqeb of wigs ten dtelfoanfrt deal 
lentiniqn tora) bevisest yod'T .iltoss fergholwondon 
bas mindset uvultnd alt moi dofowttani 
lity hotainupos ouresed Jum JeliseolooaS Yo etodto 
yt diiw anidulgoords fone armadtinl gaily a 
Yo wleittier sce ow stout enlyih batmdelss 
obgur-cola yod'T > tonlves'l te gaert) Yo donpidy oft 
rotacqe a ,bivel aniiiedD iWiw  sodatniaupoe 
wns Oh) .q todas vo emitel wiqmddord a8 * 
peradio buin nay Io wtvo ody ptendicdt gilt Yo yrotaill 
“coulis tisionh odd Yo equtt jilvomett oT 
dtl “ot Yo simone Laaisoreidl on miinteguca Maisto. 1987 
Speke hab hast ieee t tau (hbo atobrreinalé bua 
baa saottelsgys dave oils Yo @ ;4.o0rdduntl oft Yo Moueds 
oale nitmiletl pb wundinil Inoiona ‘Silt Yo 
ei oD Wetaanain Wd) sete oF qeditutoiet 
woituhavdt alt Wo sanvomn ium fhe oat inte 
set See bea Lee! ni canner oda frente « 92 yhaitarall Yo 
Ses —. 


oe 
j 
i a fi _ = . i 


378 THE MORAVIAN BRETHREN. 


who afterwards acquired great celebrity, and is 

still remembered with reverence and gratitude, as 

the founder of Herrnhut. To obtain a knowledge 
of the truth, this individual had early left Moravia, 
and gone to Berlin, where he joined the Evangelical 
church, and after enjoying the further instructions 
of Schwedler and Schifer in Lusatia, he returned to 
his native land. Here the brethren Neisser had 
much intercourse with him, and sought lis aid in 
gaining a subsistence in an Evangelical country. 
In 1722, David brought them the pleasing news, 
that Nicholas Louis Count Zinzendorf would re. 
ceive them on his domain. Two of the Neissers 
then went to Grosshennersdorf, saw the Count 
and his grandmother, the highly accomplished 

Countess Gersdorf, by whom both they and David 

were directed to her grandson’s estate of Berthels- 

dorf, where the steward gave them some building 

eround near the Hutberg, on the road from Zittau 

to Lobau. The first tree for this colony was felled 

on the 17th of June, 1722, near the Hutberg, 
where a beautiful monument was erected in 1822. 
The carpenter, Christian David, became the origi- 
nal settler in the place, which was called Herrnhut, 
in allusion to the protection of the Lord and the 
vicinity of the Hutberg. 

The brethren Neisser, who had remained at 
home, and been imprisoned by the Jesuits, followed 
in 1723. By degrees several others came from 
Zauchenthal, who knew something of the church 
regulations of their ancestors, the old Moravian 
Brethren. The Neissers at first had contemplated 
an emigration to Lissa, but having come on a visit 
to their countryman, Christian David, they were 


ee 
. 


KATANA —_———— oe Be 
ai bam stiulybin tarry beets Te ed a ah 
oe nlutitery bas voutiaeor si ; 
apbol wend we pitty OF» "aint wo cpuneey _ 
i? aval fal yb heash twabsivtbat etal ftir oid Yo. hg 
| {alge wotht teootlo, ab stout welled eae on 
Ps i vefrevt, a ie bas itotody 
ier al ited bara wotheaslo® Yo . 
bud aeris'% oe-wery oils ‘bool ovine val 
ai bia: el uhgonw huge nid comesainns 
seis: lantugaer un at counmaiadve « goldiag 
vor ‘gnienalg ode aoilt iekguett tren .2Shl ol 
an ‘bluow HolamatiS sawed sidol wile todd 
oes sl? lo owT- adeinoh al ae anlt svioo 
{anol ort) wut? Jzolsrronmedan). oF snow colt 
hoetiqeraom hilytel ol puleminey ad bon. 
hivadl dea: vous stod: dtrodw ‘dh troberot santo.) 
-elailrel ‘to otutes euoebrerg wd et batanib sow. 
gaiblind omoe modt erage inewats ods erode Jtob 
unis ion bale att no yyodEl adi seo faery, 
holidl env (rons aideset ae}. yetodT .vudiil ot 
sorolivtl ale vies SSF oul “to diVT ot to. 
Coe( gibees enw tagaudonE fitness sredlee 
-iyite od? nant bivatl aucitePed grataoytso: ol? . 
dudievsolt bellow ane doit oat ode ai colton Som: 
walt ban fol odi lo ast sovautfa ak 


ania twat ide fnonato © saenlend Lahn 


ot Bo i ong : hs 
atoil pring o, lwievde Se ae tind 


devas oie: Te guidiomoe woud 
nul reolh ble wh) erooone~ 
horilqerngaes bel gent tn nani A 

: diab. tar eed a 4 


‘wow Would 


LTS SES Ft i 


aS ae eae ee eS Sac 


ne 


ce ene OSE nT PT CER 


fee ens 


THE MORAVIAN BRETHREN. 319 


induced to remain at Herrnhut, aud to assist in 
establishing the regulations of their ancient church. 
In 1732, the number of these Brethren had in- 
creased to six hundred individuals. Some Bohe- 
mian Brethren also came, who settled in Gross- 
hennersdorf, but removed afterwards to Berlin. 

In 1732, a Saxon commission investigated the 
affairs of Herrnhut, and granted the resigned and 
obedient people a protection, which was confirmed 
by a decree, dated 20th September, 1749. New 
comers were, however, not to be received, it being 


contrary to the will of the Bohemian authorities ; . 


this led to the idea of establishing colonies in other 
parts. 

In order to form some fixed rules of covernment 
for this settlement of Moravian Brethren, they 
elected a number of Elders, and nominated as Pre- 
sidents, Count Zinzendorf and Baron de Watteville. 
Their principal object was to realize the venerable 
regulations of the ancient Brethren, which were 
formed on the. model of those of the first Christians. 

To obtain a knowledge of these regulations, Zin- 


zendorf requested, and obtained from the town-. 


library of Zittau, Comenius’s work on the Brethren. 
The Count was struck with the lamentation of Come- 
nius over the decay of the Brethren’s congregations, 
and with his prayer for a revival of their ancient 
spirit; and he felt himself called upon to become the 
instrument of Providence, in the renewal of that 
venerable community. A Bishop of the Polish 
branch of the Brethren, the venerable Danicl [rnst 
Jablonsky, was yet alive and court-chaplain in Berlin. 
With the assistance of the Senior, Sitkow of Lissa, he 
ordained, in 1735, David Nitschmann of Hernahut, 


a i Bi le ens BD Sik a a NS bE TR me Hr 


ure vessata sit ie’ ro 

> pt Malet of Daw Vatanste dd 2 ‘an nuh — , 
bends inate tii? to exolabryor hile if 

il bari reorder ft yeu} to rail ettuiee or hs 

-nilotl not loubivibei Potty gle ot 

. A feats ote a vale para a 0 
Aor elitaw tht hers eudhe 


: =f 
— 


reat secthen uf) bain lec ‘shen lo vida 
hamid aun donde wietovy  algogq fnithado 
oot b5 rodemetqe® OC hath gosh « yd 
gulod fi Jeeworred 67 fon vowed OW erties... 
raeutriodden ieiyealoll pity Yo [ile olf of yueetiaon 
wile Wi esinoldo guild sacs Jo nsbi ad? of bal etds 


tuuméresvog “Yo eslire hoxit oo nriot ef salem al 
volt verudiorfl oxiveroM Fo tenavoliios Met) yo 
ot] eo butarimon bos ztobll to idea « batgole 
ullivesia sh qos bom tobassciS janed elanhia 
aihovonsy: oily Gaifest of kaw taoide Jaginainy tial > 2 
snow tohty oouliotl ficthith ott to pate hte = 
atal) sev oil lo saorlt 10 Iohout ods so tue 
iS 2aoitulecget sé9il Yo eae « sinida oF 
“Savor ot uoit houiatdo Vrolwex 
arrilorll salt ny show pts agi tint to qcundil. 


=O Wy aoisghromal alt iw doutte eam tno) odT 
ewbaxyrigues e'natitert oils to he aul} 270 auiet 
Livin todd Yo Tavlivor a sot ond iw bas «+ 
aly ontogud wl Hoey frollid Hoorn: ott aL ; ae 
Jolt Yor fayette’ od ot voneb w a 
ieilo'l oft Ye god A re reine ae 
Jeni foie ofderiogny ont aryrttiontl. nl Yo danm 
nibol ul wilqgnlo-ties bau avila Hy lovoldel 


wl eal Yo. won tallest To sonate 
lintawiol Vo sidanahgeais TV, a 


7 ¢ 


{ 


nee 
ee ead 


380 CONGREGATIONS OF THE 


as Bishop and Senior of the Brethren’s congrega- 
tion ; in the same manner, and after the necessary 
examinations, he ordained, in 1737, Count Zinzen- 
dorf himself. In the course of time, the Brethren 
were considered as members of the Augsburg con- 
fession, and permitted to reside in other places also. 
The Saxon protection was granted on September 
20th, 1749,- and the Prussian, on the 25th of 
December, 1742. To this very day, the regula- 
tions of the renewed Brethren, are both praised and 
blamed. But Hernnhut itself has become a place 
of celebrity, where the Elders direct and regulate 
much that takes place in the remotest corners of the 
world. 

There are some places which have been built by 
Brethren, andare entirely inhabited bythem; suchare 
Herrnhut, Gnadenfrey, Fulnek, Bethlehem, Salem, 
Sarepta, &c.; others, of which the Brethren oceupy 
but a part, as Neusalz, Neuwied, Zeyst; there are 
others again in which the Brethren live dispersed, as 
at London, Amsterdam, Philadelphia, but still they 
have a mecting-house of their own. These cirenm- 
stances shew how wonderfully the providence of 
God has overruled the Bohemian persecution for 
good, and the great blessings wherewith the faith- 
fulness of the old “ Bohemian Biethren” has been 
crowned for succeeding generations. To make these 
ereat and wonderful results the more evident, we 
give the following general list of the present congre- 
gations of the Brethren :—- 

1. InGermany: Herrmhut, founded by Moravian 
exiles; Niesky, established by emigrants from Bo- 
hemia; Kleinwelke, near Budissin, specially formed 


as a mecting-place for the Vaudals; Gnadau, in ihe 


~~ pawowl qfiokenys (Ava | 


gn? “4% eyo ssyanonos 


sogorgnna! emouilactth, wiy to aplane Sctts 
cioepent Mee vafhy low 2aeent saree | 
specie sad. SSS wl bovitlrro af 
puritan rly ound “To eile ait ol  Moactie 
{toe qiudeg Aon) lo ada Jenabhung or 
oate analy. ontto nd obetewt et (raster, jos ores 


qlee? vw tant aw 


std ear] 

Yo wee ol a0 one oot Dew ost 08 
<ofwgnt silt yah tev aii ct Saul odin 
ban eine sed ote ayorudvont| heweaters oil! Yo enon 
eouley # seroned antl Vives suusteearteld, atl sna 
etalongyy ber Socue eroblA ott! weatlye: ogiindalso ‘lo 
aif" evyertog TeoToUTos ol) ni son exaligh tnet doves 

bhow 


yil Wel need wreck dolie analy qe oe voit ~ 


eau (oe ;mvadlt “il painicilas og erninatse oom hae eotelsovel 
wredive sree daetl donde vottaahan Judo 
yqis000 ‘wntvontl aslt dalatec Yo eeite (2d ciqewe 
onus ore ; eos beiwwot Rr ea sul 
ait veroqetl wat! smears ols -chotier al weg 
godt Wit guy! ously loteattdl ®t wwinbretere s, roluiol ta 
“newtis ott «v0 goals lo gauiind gaat nity avaul 
1o sodabivrows ott ylhieobnaat wa yule eoonmia 
“yok folnresetsd neimottotl salt bularave abd bob 
iia ot dsiworod eguiaaeld Mnery od) brn éeg 
yaod wail qotdiortl anpimariog © Ido oft Yo agouti 
niente gana oT © ecoiaernaag. 3 «att baawor 
uM? Jnabirs wuion Bild wpb {iyphwow jun. sorry 
Jetyniod Newey uf lo gell leronay, yalee oil oviy 
pense wilt ‘to anoitiny 
cuynroll yt fated tater EL ‘qnanrto ml 1 
coll noth iverrghers «ub dibs dre et ywlize 
inh Aj nivel 
syn gaat 


—,; 


Uwe colle 
all tt Sunbaw) 2 dad bat ” . 


= 
7 a 
3 


a te 


OS — a ge = tw 


es 
a 
os 


<miiisp AR 


| 


‘ 


- 


—— 


. RTT ae eh A RE SR mH ae ARIE = 


MORAVIAN BRETHREN. 381 


duchy of Barby, near Magdeburg ; Cnadenberg, 
near Bunzlau; Gnadenfrey, in the principality of 
Sweidniz; Neusalz on the Oder; Gnadenfeld, near 
Kosel; Berlin, and Rixdorf.. In Potsdam and 
Konigsberg where are privileged meeting-houses. 
Neuwied on the Rhine, established by the French 
« Reformed’ Brethren; Neudietendorf, near Gotha ; 
Ebersdorf ; neil de ; Norden, in ae Friesland. 
The general board of management is in Berthelsdorf, 
near Herrnhut; the school for teachers is at Niesky ; 
the establishment for the sale of books is in Gnadau, 
and the theological seminary is at Gnadenfeld. 

In Denmark: Christiansfeld, near Handers- 
leben; in Copenhagen and Altona are meeting- 
houses; and in 1810, a church was erected in the 
last-named place. 

3. In Sweden: meetings at Stockholm, Gotten- 
burg, Carlskrona, and Uddewalla. 

4. In the Netherlands: Zeyst, near Utrecht. 

5. In the British Empire: London; Fulneck, 
Pudsey, &c.,in Yorkshire ; Fairfield, near Manches- 
ter ; Ockbrook in Derbyshire; Bedford; Kimbolton, 
in Heap iooshin. Bristol, with a branch congve- 


‘gation at Kingswood; Bath; Malmesbury and 


Titherton, in Wiltshire; Haverfordwest, in South 
Wales; Devonport ; Leominster, in Herefordshire ;* 
and Ayr, in Scotland. In Ireland: Dublin, Grace- 
hill, Gracefield, Cootchill, and Ballinderry. 

6. In the Russian mpire:f Sarepta, in the 


* Besides the above, several other congregations have ney 
been formed in the British empire. 

+ The splendid copy of the Ukase, containing the permis- 
sion of Catherine II., is yet to be seen in the Archives of 
Horrnhut ; as well as the signature of Frederic II., in a similar 
document. 


e 
a 4 ee 


agai gnitesin 10 
Be trier woth wht aot 
wen iohevtalbaot 7 welled “bene! HL» 


tue EI MATT ROW ” . eto 


godiober? ;guatohgel tase du 
Yo Wilngkoming aid oni reuhdahent ists 
root hivtawhewl) ;29bO oli oo wlesusit 1 | 
us. mabsto"l ot dedi a aol 

logdivieg oth Orly x 


hecotenist yooh of caine | hhdlegeat A | tobe 
Yobslodroll ai etsaeganont ba bead lanmiig oat 
5 yAeal a4 Revoddonwt vel loorlsa ald Fred ariall tape 
ushend) at 1 edlood ‘to ofne uilt-eit ecnaredail ata oa 
bitmsbact) ta 2i qtouvicese Teigoleeds ott hae 

-pobunH wou ,bistaneitall :deamatt al 2 
<gaiveos: sa auettt bap woygoilesqo’> ab 3 iulsl 
ait pt bateors ecw atu a O1@f al Bow | esaviogd 
~ onal bomut-danl_ 
-rutioD pwlodot mm egoitesw teabhewe al £ 
utlewobbS: haw wamdteliad grad 

door yaar ters :ehoalmdiiet ole nt 

Aoonli’t ; nobrod  soriqit-rsleivietl oi al 0. 
-sodlguaM tag dlyiliisl ; vided? abo Soba 
modlodeai A; berethoFl ;ethlinyiaC at doawhio® ; ta! 


&, 


TQ slocrmnd, wshtiw dotebtl qidemohgnbaull al. 
fms qudasuilal’ | jimi > boowell ta one 
mod 


M0 ai senindkeasell ; otislenli WY ni 0 

*: iidlelnohow Hl ui rateniatwod ¢-frocintrwoUl pole 

om aril + beenlotl, al Brraligot ni fy 
“probeiligtl ban Histool) Meta) 


ould ai signe ‘fooiqnd uctayit oft af \ 
saeco snetategrrgnin, sha tevin queda wht aahiadl 


oviqera dete odd ol 


ad goned) oll Ve oft 
-siertoq ad) geimingoye cere 


salienle «i 1 Aer haem ay 


382 CONGREGATIONS OF THE BRETHREN. 


department of Saratow, belonging to Asia; in 
Petersburg and Moscow the Brethren have some 
meeting-houses; in Livonia several small colonies, 
particularly at Neuwelka. 

7. The United States of America. They have 
Bethlehem, in Pennsylvania, and a branch congre- 
gation at Emmaus; Nazareth, with a branch at 
Schonek ; and Lititz,* with a branch at Bethel. 
Other congregations of the Brethren are formed 
in Philadelphia, Lancaster, and Yorktown. In 
the state of Ohio, the provincial congregation 
of Gnadenhiissen, Sharon, and Beersheba. In the 
state of New York, the town congregation of New 
York, and a provincial congregation in Staaten 
Island. In the state of Rhode Island, Newport ; 
and in Maryland, a congregation at Graceham. 
In North Carolina, Salem, Bethabara, Bethany, 
Friedberg, and Friedland. 

Most of these settlements were formed in the 
middle of the 18th century, and may be viewed as 
the fruit of the exceedingly numerous and hitter 
tears which persecution wrung from the eyes of the 
venerable Brethren, in their native country of Bo- 


hemia and Moravia. Thus has Divine Providence 


directed everything for the best—bringing toa good 
issue, for many nations of the earth, an attempt to 
crush that Church which had preserved Christianity 
in its greatest purity and simplicity. 

But the formation of these congregations was not 
the only result of the persecution of the Brethren : it 
also led to their successful missions amone: the Hea- 
then. The number of their stations will be seen by 


* Besides scriptural names, they also selected such appel- 
lations as tended to remind them of Bohemia aud Moravia, 


Sis ie il SA ell din iE ate a ot 


arvasantschtce Se ae SA SEAL ty ENN a 8 EEN 


_ —_ 
+. one tae 
‘ . 


wanna ey enorrad 


i pk er aniynietal ve m gia 
sare aved matt ot corer — a 
walnalng liane Leniver elicit jew rm 
Alou ay ied 
aint yet eetemeh, te wt basin oft 8 
nl ao nem ii al 
« dite dias | 
felted 1e-Ponerd’ # iltive > aks bane os 
Iontel in sordid sly fo co) 
nt «awetieoY toa prtemnal’ tobulitl ai” 
cmbmerguiy Jetonivory adi cul Va etate adt 
gly ul wdorerotl baa cord!’ spfidowband te 
wo Yo uottiyergans nwot alt get wot Yo aime 
moms nt aoltmirgtos Inipalver « baa shot 
jhiiepwoA \finuteT shod Yo oxmta odd al tated 
outwmd ta oplegorgtoy o Beall nt bap 
amliod wwindalig® wrsied dno al 
punfhwitt bin .gtodbeirl 
eit et Imetrdt ovww etaontelijer beset e eo 

on bowaky ad yene bing pprovtiia At tlt Yo olfbien: 
saitid bao avon “rfyaitessrs Hseice ale to visett ole 
oilt Io eyo of? mont qin ectiuegeerey voli 2rayd 
-of] We ythengs oben aiods at wewnltiadl vldmtanoy 
ssanhleort ‘anivil eo eafT snivmot fee seed 
hooy wor grigntal—tead oilt wt : 
of tyenetta ne lr otf Io7 eat 
‘ilneslge ial ors owerniy ne ee 


Jie eat eeiatagereytoi' yh te eon va oat ih 
His nernliertl edt lo noiseaneing alt Io Mice = 
-2o Fl okt grote eanieatan [i leesnqmettols 


os ae ee souls 


aa 


hgh dows honwolea onlays capatone’ lpaateplvan 
vnivmott hae simulotl Yo. eal telat on 


eee ete feet ae 


ee es 


MISSIONARY STATIONS. SS yore] 


the following statement published by the Missica- 
board, and referring to the commencement of the 
year 1845. 

Greenland: begun in 1733.—New Herrnhut; 
Lichtenfels; Lichtenau; and Fredericksthal. 

Labrador : begun in 1770.—Nain; Okkak ; 
Hopedale ; and Hebron. 

North American Indians: begun in 1734.—— 
Among the Delawares, New Fairfield in Upper 
Canada; Westfield, in Missouri. Among the 
Cherokees, in Arkansas, in the Prairies; and New 
Spring Place. 

West Indies. The Danish Islands; begun in 
1732.—In St. Thomas, New Herrnhut; Town of 
St. Thomas; Niesky. In St. Croix, Friedensthal ; 
Friedensberg ; Friedensfeld. In St. Jan, Bethany 
and Emmaus. 

Jamaica: begun in 1754.--New-Eden; Irwin 
Hill; Fairfield ; New Carmel; New-Fulneck ; 
New-Bethlehem ; New-Beaufort; Bethany; New- 
Hope; Nazareth; Lititz; and Bethabara. 

Antigua: begun in 1756.—St. John’s; Grace- 
hill; Gracebay ; Newfield; Cedar-Hali.; Lebanon ; 
and Gracefield. 

St. Kitt’s: begun in 1775.—Basseterre ; Bethes- 
da; and Bethel. 

Barbadoes: begun in 1765.—Sharon; Mount- 
Tabor; Bridgetown ; and Clifton-Hill. 

Tobago: begun in 1790, (renewed 1827).— 
Montgomery, aud Moriah. 

Surinam : begun in 1735.—Paramaribo; Rust- 
en-Werk ; Charlottenburg; Bambey; and Salem 
on the Nickerie. 

South Africa: begun in 1736, (renewed 1792). 


meaner 


nen . AT Re GT 


* eee, 
mA Nt SEPA Ah, a tal ot te en 


C8. sanonrare nasi 
stale adi seek shite teem 


old 96 sithenpaonertetop yela ot 


sue a cie OR oi. 
7 i, ~~ @¢ Me Pus te 

“best ai worged. - eeailoan' suramie MoV 
soqq J mi hlotsicl et gemmesioll dt gnoarh 
alt grooh irnoeiM, gi gldolleeW - pabanad 
wot bow ;evinisr'l elt af gent at asodied) 
annlil yaitq? 

wi mogod ., shail detow eif? soll eT 
Wo avoT ;1dorell wo ~noodT aa cls ferl 
lodtersisitt jxiotD wR al. gqainit pesamdT 22 
(eailiod ool ih ol. bidwenhei'l '; yrdausboh'l | 
it bin } 
nial yaobd-woA— Gh @i fuged + aohearel . 
i deoalot-not. : Jom) wih ; blobied  ; 1H 
“ual pycroultntd ;Sullanall -wre jninduldtcanlt 
, tusdaltotll bas jwitid ; dome. peqolf 

vee) jainloh JB OTE wi neged samylinA 


pHodedal jait-tmhod -bloiwel ; yideons ; Mid 7 
| blots bas 
void. ; srotoend — 29 ak wig sei We 
vlolist ban ab 
ano 5 towl2—cank oeamgod : asohmbutl 
ATT -rofitD ewe, ¢ eeonogbixd- pwoduT : 


—(TSBL bewoenss) ,00TL al. pio reg ionade'T 


bia. .yt9 M 
o vtentl a yrs a iumed: § popes 
; Y takai am iypdesatl eteenmmacr etd ~— 


SGT herman) O86 A ait 


384 THE DIASPORA. 


—Genadendal ; Groenekloof ; Hemel-en Aarde ; 
Enon; Elim; Shiloh; and Clarkson. 

Comprising a total of 61 stations, supplied by 
271 Missionaries, Gneluding 7 missionary assistants), 
who have under their care 62,688 converts and 
persons under special instruction. Of these, 2953 
are Greenlanders and Esquimaux, 404 North 
American Indians, 53,252 Negroes, and 6079 Hot- 
tentots, and other natives of South Africa.* 

O, what glorious fruits are these of the persecution 
which raged against the Brethren in the imperial 
states ! 

It is an interesting fact that every member of the 
various congregations has a full knowledge of what- 
ever takes place throughout the whole of the Unity 
—in the remotest settlements, and among the mis- 
sionary stations. This arises from the circulation 
of “weekly leaves,” which are issued by the board 
of management at Berthelsdorf near Herrnhut. 

For upwards of a century, an important and 
extensive work has also been carried on by the 
Church of the Brethren, in connection with other 
Protestant churches on the continent of Europe, 
which is generally known as the work of the 
Diaspora—the company of awakened or believing 
souls, dispersed among the great body of professing 
Christians. Of its character and object, a brief 

sketch may be found in the preface to the 17th 
volume of their Periodical Accounts.f It may be 

* Besides the above-mentioned countries, the Brethren’s 
Church sent Missionaries into the East Indies, the island of 
Ceylon, Persia, Egypt, Algiers, Guinea, Tartary and Lapland. 

+t Relating to the Missions of the Church of the United 


Brethren established among the Heathen: published by the 
Brethren’s ‘ Socicty for the furtherance of the Gospel.’ 


aAnOtenta WaT . = “Se ie 
: obit. on-fonroH Wolo) ¢ Tetimban- 
roedint) nw ¢dolide | alt 4 tone 

yd bailqqua anoint 10 Yo lated a gaiabngm 
»(etizajieke yrenioleston Tpaibwloni) aurtonokel LYS” 
bie eireveoe 880,08 wee ied? wher saved olwe © 
Baa -rocawnten! Taino wobaw aceetog vs 
mahalo. ate 


oll QTOD hie ance £96,600 antithal cnsteeiud ~~ 


wissen oft We meal orn elat eanoly tedw .O 

laraqent oft of mxnttntl wil? tearkegw Berges doidw: 
“ | entabe 

oily Yo oderoar yw Port tualk gutters tes at IT 

adw to opbétwoud Hit 2 wil encitagerygadsesornsy | 

qiia’d edt io slodw eds dsolgnoult sonhy coder reve” 

~eim oil? gutoore ba xuionitaltine setomtot alt ni— 

coimliniy wilt mot ezitn etl eooltee yrnnole 

briod oft yd boom? ont “Mojttr “zovnel Yibew "or ~ - 
duderioH woo Vobelselrotl ia terdcrxgeioete 10 

bins instoqai “ae ,yriney oto shierqge OL oe 

gilt yd wo behwes coed onle ead drow ovianstes >! 

qeilio ive moitcsrneo ot yori odio termi 

sqoul Yo Meuiiuco of to eslowils Inmentoxd 2 

of? to asow oft as cvond ylletunsg ab spite ” . 

gniveilyd 10 bawedewn Yo yaoqmoo adoro” 

goizestorg Yo ybod suorg olf ghonta hexeqith aloo’ 

‘hd « tonjdo bad ‘sioruds ai TO vnaiiahd 

(ITE ole oF vovtong odt wh bnwet sd-yasrstoiede 

ed yom dT tatiovet. Invibottol siole to sonuloy + 

‘Cumiintl wl)! wikinws banoition-oveds 96) whl — "  , e 


Yo bualal off asihat dealt odd otal wsisanodenit® tase dyimlQ - ; 
Livalyact firm qo anid waka AgeRM wiew'T ob 
Losin} ody Yo dotwit? of) Yo supinnild wl? oF gait f. —, ies 


i 


oilt gd Grolier, + graabinell _oxfd gene 
* oaqoat) Bld Ye soctosalta ome 


pees Qe tree eroeers 


pc mannt aren ORS ION 


ener ne Sa AO ORS NITED IT IE 


t 


THE DIASPORA. 385 


ufficient here to observe, that it is as old as the 
Brethren’s Missionary work, and that through the 
grace and blessing of the Lord, it has probably-been 
at least as fruitful. During a period of grievous 
spiritual declension, and wide-spreading doctrinal 
errr, it was employed by the Great Head of the 
Church, as a good salt, the introduction of which 
into the mass of visible Christendom assisted to 
keep large portions from entire corruption, and, in 
some instances, to render them spiritually fertile. 
The spirit in which it was commenced, and has been 
hitherto conducted, is eminently catholic and unsec- 
tarian. It seeks not to make proselytes to any parti- 
cular communion, but to be the means of awakening, 
converting, edifying, and preparing for usefulness, 
individuals belonging to the various churches, 
established or existing within the sphere of its 
operation. Nor has it altogether failed in the 
attainment of this object, as many a servant of 
Christ, employed both at home and abroad, in 
fellowship with the Brethren’s Unity, or with other 
Churches and Societies is ready to testify. The 
portion of Europe which this work has gradually 
overspread is very considerable ; it is carried on, to 
a greater or less extent, throughout the whole of 
Protestant Germany, and in various districts of 
France, Switzerland, Holland, Denmark, Norway, 
Sweden, and the Russian empire. The number of 
Stations occupied by the Brethren in these several 
countries, amounts to 56; of stationary or itinerant 
labourers of both sexes, to 107; and of persons in 
society-fellowship with them and with the Brethren’s 
Unity, though still in communion with the Estab- 
lished Churches, to about 100,000: not to mention 

VOL. I. ee G 


en CN CS RE ERR NO AAT a OE Ek RC 


: a - - 
salt peace ovrado ob 
oil) duels bite Asoo wunnodiate 
aooil-vhledory, end 4 ,bnwsl dale 46 yyarta 
enooirg te bone x gant .[dbiinbs 
faiiund qalbanqeabin haw somnoloah Tousisiqe 
_s. > kot aan wa zenclaas awe i ery 
ee initle tn aubtauboatit » ae dom 
oF joiniews. semmberiarul’> ae es ad) oni 
al hue jwaltqnites vita mot suubtog egal qed = 
claw Ulanisiqs amd) sabew: et aoosdeat sanoe 
cond acd how boomimewanie di lotalw ot shige oft 
re hes oilodias ylaoains al ,boambmon writ 
-iring, ym.o8 en ylosory eden of donedwwe dt aariut 
quimulewe te annom odted ot.tod ,wotamoueog tals 
azogluioet to) jataqeny has .guiylibe quainsvaes 
gokunls evorar abt oF galganlod slarbivilad 
Hi lo ove alt aidiiv guides ww. bodetidates 
ols ai foliel wodioyorla, a ead co. . roitetogo 
Yo deerme o yrnot en ,tonglo sid Yo anomniatia 7 
; ai ,beorde bas sotod-tn aliod boyolqms, paindd 
wuilio iw wo ouiad euorideartl oct shiiw qidawollsi 
of? inet op ybosr ak agiteion® ben coded af 
qlaubarg amt sow ect doit agora Io notttg 
* ot ,0o boing ait ¢oldatshiano yoy. wt lengqeovo : 
lo olutve odd dnodguouds pedeo ol so waneTg @ 
: Yo atoiieib avoroy at ban ysonmr@D: tautestorT 
oqo, arena baie boabmsiiw® some 
To todmom of E oniqune sniendl, oil). bas wnobow 2 
fomven seeds nt colic’! allt yd ror 
imoaith io yuMoia2 16 7801 danome wortaNOD 
ut anergy le han 5 3OL ot gene shied “tp, wtetwodal 
wf neediwull ot daiwlun apy tive 


blewolbil-ytoinos 
hata atv alti wottraetumion ni Hie wind. 
ndlinoak ot Wer a lake | 
9 ow 


- 


‘ a. ; 
ae al 
= == © 

io oo: 
‘hs 


ain 


386 THE SETTLEMENT 


occasional hearers, and individuals periodically 
visited by the Brethren.* 

A few particulars relative to the formation of the 
settlement at Niesky, (between Gorlitz and Muskau) 
by a Bohemian branch of the ancient Brethren, 
are worthy of being recorded. When the well- 
known Christian David left Herrnhut, for Moravia, 
in 1725, with a view of visiting and strengthening 
those of his countryr’ nm who had remained at home, 
he purposely passed through Bohemia, in order to 
see if a remnant of the Brethren was not still to be 
found in Lititz, which was their first seat. He dis- 
covered a number of them in certain villages of the 
domains of Landskron and Leitomischl. As they 
were then suffering from persecution, many emi- 
grated to Grosshennersdorf and Gerlachsheim. From 
these places between eleven and twelve hundred 


* See Holmes’ History of the Protestant Church of the 
United Brethren.—Spangenberg’s Exposition of Christian 
Doctrine, as taught in the Protestant Church of the United 
Brethren ; and his Life of Count Zinzendorf.—Klinesmith’s 
Divine Providence, or Historical Records relative to the 
Moravian Church, from its first formation to the present time. 
—La Trobe’s Journal of a Visit to South Africa, with some 
Account of the Missionary Settlements.—Crantz’s History of the 
Brethren.—Oldendorp’s History of the Mission of the Evan- 
gelical Brethren in the Caribbean Islands, (German) 1777.— 
Crantz’s History of Greenland and the Brethren’s Missions.— 
Jubilee of the Heathen Mission of the Brethren, (German) 1832. 
—Holmes’ Ilistorical Sketches of the Missions of the United 
Brethren, Dublin, 1818.—Rosler’s Narratives from the Ilistory 
of the Church of the Brethren, (German) 1823.—Loskiel’s 
History of the Mission among the North American Indians. — 
The ‘* Memorial Days of the Renewed Church of the Brethren.” 
—Account of the Mannerin which the Protestant Church of the 
Unitas Fratrum, or United Brethren, preach the Gospel and 
carry ou their Missions among the Heathen. 


sai ted Mi 


Atala oa tai hy de 


t _ a a = 

7 Peet 

‘yaa TEse mn ee 
as 


 vitustholieg almebivtbet unserem Deno 
* neuer 


it {y yd bot aly 
ody to nwltnnradt ott ot ovitadterenclarsibcary wut  we 
(node ii ben ite i) argwiod) pedellé ta4agnrsitiog: 
oyoient noisoe odt Yo sand antmadoll ae yh 


| - Howe us fabio anisd lo ydnow pu 
gt OA woh Sedunteld diol bheetl aii nvond « 
goinatgrsge hie gibiete Yo Halve dtiv 26h ab - 
foro te bonricaree bend unter an -ryetnano eid To sport 
ii wire ab vintdoll Wenenl eee | Uneupang odd - 
ad of Mite toa enw wyrlindl alt Wosemmos » ios 5 
aib sll gaa teri gist) ene doide atuld nF bauok- 
wit tw aogellly lites at mnoitt to walianun @ boreves 

volt oA ,WWostondiat bow corulehapt to anismob 

-ine yan wollen moi gahmiee wilt omw 
mul .misiladoalist) bur trolsersnueeon) ot baterg 


betta! eefow? Lian asvols meawted avoulq seodlt 


il Fo Mound) anaiseion't di Ao omit Yowlalt a2 * 
ini? w Gultkoyzt «s'gwdiegnaq®—aniiett SariaT ~ 
Bovint) edt to went) senteriotT Si ai aguas ad \budedoote 5” 


Vita SagbueciS sono) %e AbL etd baw; aomleo ‘ 
ods 6) ovivaler eltngall lesional xo. gonebiver't vaivicl a 
omlt Losey ad? ol coitnmidt tad ati mort wu taralt 

smoe dite yorth doe of tielY o To lamol ssdox? aS— - 2. 
ail lo otal extamD—csautnalsio® qeaetenilt odtto snnoswh ; 


oar of) Yo wdlesitt oft Yo yroteill eyrohiehiO—aontenl 
ATT (onaed) baal) annddri’d oft ai mercdoodt fooling 
—sioimeill stanitrdtl ad? ben banlaovrd Jo peep ‘a 
20H (uaiprraD) samrdioadl of a polvailA aualinalt auld Yo oalidol, 
hela’) oft Yo snntentif off Yo eudviod® Wiarotallt ode _— - 
qroleill oll moi) asywneh Wye lil — Het eitde woptientt : 
whit 828ml novientl off to: dowd? edt tor P 
—2iilueh stietvanth diwii alt gown somal odd Yo qyatelll» ~ 
“norltrl odd Wo deand? Lorsastt wl?) ome” otk 
a) Jo wil — po meg D6 vidi to an 
how Tqeot will duweny geridt hatin vo un 

7 ee eel aces ; 


ee ee 


EN YARN RE UO 


rene AIT TET PT TE ETN ANNI IN HOO Ce Tt 


AT NIESKY. 387 


went, in 1739, to Berlin, and settled in that quarter 
of it which is now called Wilhelms-strasse. The 
greater part of them afterwards joined the Lutherans 
and ‘ Reformed’ Protestants, whilst another party ob- 
tained, in 1744, a preacher from Herrnhut, though 
some of these had become enthusiasts, and separated 
from the Brethren. The remainder, who were de- 
sirc us of a new place of residence, sought advice from 
the community of Herrnhut. In 1741 it was re- 
solved that they should apply to the general confe- 
rence of the Brethren in Marienborn, where the 
affairs of the congregations were regulated during 
Count Zinzendorf’s absence in America. To this 
place they sent a deputation of three individuals, 
who were advised to form a separate settlement. The 
eround for that purpose was offered by two different 
gentlemen. The lord of Gersdorf offered them the 
place which now constitutes Niesky ; the lord of 
Wiedebach offered another at Rietschen. The lot 
decided in favour of the former, and a brother from 
Herrnhut, named Raschke, who was conversant with 
the Bohemian language, and who had a knowledge of 
agriculture and architecture, superintended the form- 
ation of the new colony. But that which now forms 
the beautiful village of Niesky, was at the time a 
waste and barren tract of land. ‘The first houses 
were occupied by forty-seven individuals, who gained 
but a scanty subsistence from the manufacture of 
bolting-cloth, and had occasionally some disputes 
among themselves. Meanwhile they performed their 
public worship in a barn. Several Bohemians left 
them again; but their community gained new life 
from a visit of Count Zinzendorf. In 1750 they 
received the protection of the Saxon government, 
Cle 


swhrapy dade an bela baw “iiteet . # MET one 
udT -coumpie-anilodW balla woot ef Ulster at 
enmatltnd oft halo, ehwewtefla avails fatty 9 teers 
-do yting riltow teliddyy etaatestiont "bon reles 
fused —— eDonredipees. EU! of ‘ale 
| Doct ago 
=<" ib aro wre pare vine of? = aeridiverdl oft 
mart ovbvdn vee oaneebiaer MW ewnle wor «Yo ae rte 
vn dew ti TET wi shih? YW eSaummes ods 
Hines Urey sit of vie Magee vad tad? bovlos 
silt emiw arodnohalh ai meultet? alr to. sa 
enttol bAtglirger vt saollayorgeios alt Yo miuhc 
sits ro astrom A an oomtieda @eebascat®” Sopot 
danbivihal ovlt to woitetigst @ tine Yoild gonlg 
oT omonreitse slernqos a til ot beery he stow ol 
tirowhih ow! ydbswhd sow saaqgioy sorts vt bryory 
oft wrod? bawho hole) Ww ivetedT aemeliaey 
Fo Sxol odt 5 vdeo eminiianos wom sloidw 
dol eT poctonsoiit je sadtogu hoyle datatio 
mort wilted » baw emt it to gmovdt mreret 
iW sepzrenos ar odw Sd doen Sl bout JinlatoHt 
Ao sylalword a hail odlw bite qqouguinl aatoredotl oes 
prio) ails hobuotecirsqie wrnsostittore hive otutlogiige 
seve) woo tony dod? inl 2enoloorwan oil) Touwroite 
o omit odt ta ecw qi ‘lo epulliv Wiisumed’ods 
asavotl tart odT baal te Jontt more bar sleow 
boirtre ow alnobivibal noves-(niot yd leiquine stew 
Yo swisdtuaan«t) mot sonstziadua vines x wd 
eyniqath omen yllanotsooo bail has sltofe-gaitfod 
aimilt Wvourrnelt peg geld wbtctve cant ee 


wort bering ylawituros “ve 
ow oatt al SnohuasaiS tas 
Josmuiaroy dosnt odd ker 
£of 


388 THE EXILES 

being recognized as members of the Augsburg con- 
fession, and then they gradually assumed the manners 
of the Germans. In 1751 the boys’-school of the 
Brethren was removed from Herrnhut to Niesky, 
and in 1789 the school for 


teachers, and the 
seminary. 


This also improved the condition of the 

working men. A commercial intercourse with other 
pleces was first established here by Daniel Diir- 
nin,ser, whose memory is still revered in Herrnhut ; 
and the naturally barren soil was much improved and 
embellished by various plantations. At last the 
place was made independent of the parish of Hahni- 
chen, to which the baronial estate of Trebus be- 
longed. ‘The latter had come into the possession of 
the family of Zinzendorf, and is now the property 
of the Brethren. By the establishment of several 
factorics, and the arrival of new families, the place 
increased in population, and has at present about 
six hundred inhabitants. The name of this place 
was also given to another seitlement of the Brethren 
in the island of St. Thomas in the West Indies. 
Could such glorious results of persecution have been 
anticipated by the persecuted Comenius, Augusta, 
George Israel, and other distinguished men ? 

But we return to the reception of the Bohemian 
exiles. Of the Upper Lusatian towns, we have 
already mentioned that Budissin and Gorlitz were 
ready to afford assistance to the distressed emigrants. 
The latter place was visited in 1652 by eighty-two 
Protestant families from the domain of Friedland ; 
and its inhabitants frequently assisted, with provi- 
sions and other presents, those exiles who went from 
Grosshennersdorf to Berlin, Budissin, however, was 


not willingly chosen by them as a place of residence, 


ie bs 


preeere 


einen bee eth 


retueemalans 


ahd Ws ven a RAN a 


cecbeeintbth tRNA ALL SALAD AEN 


PR ge hse 


7 - 7 
sory saveddicgnsds oes Yor seve tome at hosiagoaet gin 
erssrttnmt oils hoctivase qian borg yard ame bait iar 
ot Yo foodoeepod oly 1STL al amos? ot Wi, 
SobstY otadirwll ciett havent aire: net — 
ne 


git tytn yetedonst sot tonne «nll QAM at baw 


EE fale od aol beable teh, seer 
| chedeorel ai borers dite ob peor aoe pap aul 
7 hoe barote (eat Lurie ame Tom evr ene yfletacton oil be 
wily sea 16 2noinaiunly anatinr gel dndaiflodora 
aJarliEl Yo. danny onto teobreqabat oben ain analy 
cod wude'T Yo states Lotncrnd ola doi os amide 
Yo coieestaog od? ote Senos hindyetinl ad T or a . 
qirsqory ail) vor et ban. (robmasaid Wo give oda ! 
Letowen tO soountailtanes nit vil. ampradtos!l eda to 
woosiey tala otf weit “tea Lev tree aly: be bonoal 
nods dana te eal bas ywoaglaqog a fpemp eon 
oonlg allt Vo onton oil aititidedinl bethuwd xia - a 
—— onHton€ orlt To temrealieva raisin aotly oale cree ~ 
esthil dea? add ot ansiod’l 28% Wo Wamlai old at 
0+ gat soraitl nett zones Yo aifawre euolvalyy date blac) 
—yeaaah ~isinomo!) betuevend ail od hodaqivitss 
. Pear boduirquiseib todio ban factal ogros. ~ 

asiorottokl ody Yo mottqoser edi of axon owl ~ ” 4 
so yynit oer aewat anim wqqUe onda O- \2oliza 
grow stihGd ban alatibol sas hemoitasar ybeals. 
Jelamrginte boxeovdal orl) of aouniatann beclia ot ybaos 
owbyulgis yd COOt ah hotieir paw col vortal od E 


s beralfvely te misrtly wilt orodt eallimnsid inated _ 
-Werny site boteieen ylanoupet sunpiderded aif bem 
ee ee ee - 


sow wrod sdanllewtl jxtluoll of aoberspuodaan Pe 
woupbiens to vont aan todd yd . 


Se ey 


I i18c OO Par race ana inst tte tN OCT OOT AUDEN Ee UE NE APT re ON a iets pete ibis 


AT GEBHARDSDORPF. 389 


because there the Romanists exercised considerable 
power. But the Vandals, near Budissin, were 
eagerly sought out by the exiles who spoke the 
Bohemian tongue, on account of the great affinity 
between the two languages. Their connection 
with Budissin and Gorlitz is also evident from the 
Bohemian books and manuscripts yet extant in 
tuse towns. 

Gebhardsdorf became the place of refuge to many 
of the later exiles ; and those who were unacquainted 
with the German language obtained the partial use 
of the church of this place for their divine service. 
This town was considerably enlarged by the 
increase of the Bohemian community; New and 
Upper Gebhardsdorf were chiefly built by the 
exiles. Several who had formerly emigrated to 
Silesia, as soon as they saw the probability of 
having a Bohemian preacher of their own, came also 
to this place. Such a preacher they obtained in 
1676, in the person of Michael Lany of Zittau, an 
exile from Hungary. But his duties only extended 
to sermons, spiritual counsel, and visitations of the 
sick ; baptisms, marriages, and burials were per- 
formed by the established minister of the place, 
as in Zittau. In 1690 Lany returned to Hungary, 
and was succeeded by Nicolas Kunzel, who, bemg 
afterwards appointed in 1692 to a Bohemian 
congregation at Neusalz, was followed in 1694 
by Thomas Richter, who remained here forty-three 
years, and often visited the exiles in the concealed 
valleys of Schreibershau in Silesia. 

In his time there were many disputes, which we 
cannot pass over in silence, since they serve to 


co 


SO _ 


08e, enonas estas a, ee 
vidinsbiecos botlereaw «teunmodl wie ened saan 
wow ctimelbad yor alah ade sal eeawe 


_ 


ar 


silt vdoge oiler, aalizo ods et toodilgnds ise 


gna ot ogdlwr lo wanly sel? ocnepael tabetroddatd 
bosmiauprsess pov nile geoukt bow jello wetal ete to 
ae lulrwny silt Luviesde ogee memstyO. odd atiw 
onbewe oniviy viork x0) atalg tals Woorkervinde wilt Yo 
oft yd begules. vldiobieneo enw wot enlT 
ban wo 7 ythimemde culmoidoll ol) Yo semeenet 
adi oad Hind ylteids. cow IrobetamldsdD voyqg J 
6) fxtegion yhonect Gal odw beso —2olheo 
10 Ylilidedow, oli wna quit en Kooe an ypiealié 
ola. ou avo vad to olsen woleuloll a goived y: 
mi donlede yale ralnong «sou » aonlg edt ot . 
ae iS to yond boadvilh lomoremp ant at OTE ~ 
thobaoine gino eho eid 10M ogurgenll aro? oline 
oliclo anoiaiake baw eoues lasting, prwrriee of 
oq on alakud bux exgeiruar aameiiqnd ; dole 
eoulq oft to woielaun | ott qd tower 
eeteyry Ho bowunet yom OCDE wl vaniS ai as ‘ 
giiad ,olw Joa A wales yd tehsgoous enw bee 
mime » of SQ00 of beiuloggy abiawrils 
DOL ni bowoll sow jsleane a neiegerrgnes 
eeralie gn oral bonianet odw agilols enmodT «yd 
holguanioy ut ai xofivs odd boriely anite bw gaooy 
a willie ob vederdigelet to ayatley 
oy obily aga pani. siay orodhaanid aid abs 


of meme. void sanie 
» eel omnia he ee i 


390 THE EXILES 


distinguish the later exiles from the ‘“ new Bohe- 
mians.” In 1720, when an awakening had taken 
place among the secret Protestants of Bohemia, 
numerous persons left their country, and joined the 
Bohemian community in Gebhardsdorf, but at the 
same time formed themselves into a separate society. 
After some time they went to hear the zealous 
preacher Schwedler of Niederwiese, and John Li- 
berda at Grosshennersdorf, to Gerlachsheim, Ber- 
thels’~s, and even to the newly established Herrn- 
hut. They also held secret conventicles at night, 
and made all sorts of declamations. This occasioned 
a great sensation among the Germans and the elder 
Bohemians of Gebhardsdorf. On the 2nd of May, 
1728, when formally taken to account, they replied, 
that the preachers of the above-named places were 
better adapted than the pastor of Gebhardsdorf, to 
“awaken” them; and as to the prohibition of their 
nightly mectings, they must obey God rather than 
man. They did not renounce their night meetings ; 
therefore more stringent measures were adopted, in 
order to induce them to adhere to their proper pastor, 
and to abstain from attending the conventicles. As 
they refused to do either, the matter was brought 
before the chief court of Budissin. Friendly means 
were, however, once more tried before the law was 
put in force. At last twenty-one persons were ar- 
rested on a charge of attending a conventicle at night, 
and could only be liberated by the intervention of 
two German ministers. They then presented a re- 
markable and characteristic petition in the following 
words :-—** After God had, in our own country, 
awakened our conscience, we came and joined in 


Lod il ai ea 


aa tee ' ie; 
cota kh yeas > val amv nolan ods visiaegal 
mds? bel getoadews ao aadweY ia 
| piosiloll Jo. ataaresterT: trent oil qannts.ooetg, 
oft hakog bee reins, oteat Atal aporeny ay 
wily te dud Qaobetroldod ab galaumranod crack 
Inyfainae ne n-atai Rive teveumaulh Lawyaot oustht enti 
enctiay ali two ot tow eukt xin snus, salt 
it mfol, bee eestibe 4 yotiewilas sedoneny 
auth ,miedalontiott ob rolerumenkewt) ta ebsod 
vaell tednildanes ghresa edt-od ane dats je halodt 
ddgin 15 eisaneaes dover bie walm qoilT ud 
faclwono aT .Auottecelaoh toate Ha chan bag 
aéhie oil) Baw atanron oil) greats aeitoedoa inary & 
Stal Yo bad ada 20 - ‘robbers dt) hy nertsiaagatotl 
dmilquy yout Janoood ot nodes qltaarel meh BST 
ory aeoady boarnasevoda-ads Yo eeainety| wilt sacle 
04 Jrvhebtdde® Yo rorang ofl) aad: heaqabs ratiod 
niatt to noitidideng oth 03 28 ham ; wenb."oodnwe” 
paid soilter bow) Yad dence yor) xgeioom ylidgia 
papattoodt tiga sist sortomgr-tons fae yest sn .. 
ii (borqobs ony. eotianoor Magi wedi 


| 


fitany equ tettor edhe of anibraaubat ot she i 
eh eslyitusynes oii gaibaotta anol plates ot bet i¢ 
igued saw aottect silt ‘yeilio ob of buanion gould: 4 
vangis Yaoi sisetbuél V6 sa09 toile odd <ridtod 
zaw snal oilt sided Let atom endo prarowol son 


“An sow eoortny story iaows tend 1. .oonet anh diag 
dilyin te olsitasynvs o otiboatia lo opaile 8 ie bodes 
4o woltterwiad ola yd boterdil od gine: bivas bee 
ts boing toed quo T wiotainbon aoneiot) owed 
suivotlal oid xt mvitite oitaivalnetnile bnnatoldadsnas, 
noo owe 30 of bad hol) wfl~or-—2ebsow 
Joulo, baw sete 99 arasisenag, tHe Lawvaaves: 7 


Se ee 


A eee SA ee RN oN Nemes 


. 
nn ETI TI TT CE TTT We nA SN alg hoptR onan 


AT GEBHARDSDORE. 391 


the Bohemian divine service of Gebhardsdorf; but 
our conscience obtained neither rest nor certainty 
from the pastor of that community. When we 
learnt from other faithful Evangelical pastors that 
we wanted true repentance and the renewal of our 
hearts, we followed their advice,and turned from 
the former lukewarm service to a true and fervent 
form of worship, which our appointed pastor of 
Gebhardsdorf never did nor could give us: we 
therefore occasionally attended the divine service of 
those places where we found a fulfilment of our 
heart’s desires.” 

Those who would in no way submit to the autho- 
rities, were ordered to sell their houses and remove. 
Twelve families, amounting to sixty individuals, then 
left the place. Those who remained promised to per- 
form their private devotions at their pastor’s only ; 
but it is said that they soon became dissatisfied, for 
they rather wished to speak themselves. Their moral 
conduct was generally good, except that they 
despised others, and were not free from pharisaical 
pride. By the acquisition of the German language, 
and the return of some individuals to Bolemia, it 
was hoped that this community would be altogether 
dissolved. Nevertheless, they appointed in 1738 a 
new preacher, named George Petermann, but he 
was soon offended by the introduction of a new 
hymn-book, and therefore left the place; these 
Bohemians then had merely a Scripture reader, 
and kept their conventicles in the day time only. 
In 1791, however, the service in the Bohemian 
language ceased altogether. 

Another small Bohemian colony was established 


a Oe 
_ 
a 


16L Geta. nas DTA 
ay aud 3 bobabrnililol) Yo: dotvays paiib min alot 
_ Waisrisa sca wot todsiow fentettlo somsisemoes te 
3” pol 7 etiawinmon tail Ye “rovang ‘atl at 
seilt aomeq tavilogamsl Ietdttiet yoko mot tetmol 

‘4 guno to temo odt ber vtebiagqer oct borne s 
eh. one TL boague ban, sadelp wid ow yaiteod 
_ vt das afk ant eat osheye aneaodul werd alt 
Ne qateey Loteiogga ine daldi yyideow YW  orwl 
ev :wi ory poeo ton bib seven trohebrioddst) 
Yo aotrine yoivil: ort bulewrie elnnolensoo eiteadd 
Wo Yo newmililal » beet ow suatiw emul: ebous 
“estab e'itead 

sofia tlt od tinea wow on. oi isow witer seodT 
svontet bia eowod. aieds [loa ot hesalee-serw esitiy 
nod) wlauldy ihe etaie ot geitenones eilleul aviewT 
~ia1] ot hseimory benim ody oeadT . onuilg wilt fol 
iyloo evoieeq visdd Js enoliwel maving bal? ariel 
id ebotleitoweih sured. woes. yorlt deus bins af add 
lerom tied) eovloeownd? Aasqe ot hedery-mdtar yous 
qult dads iquoxe chopy yilawngy enw towbmoo 
lasicatmady os07). sail toa sw bagwioilto beziqesh 
egsugmal marmot) alt Ya noltizlo pad yi .obing 
a stovilod os eleybivibai omoa Yo ater odd byte 
yollugoils od bluow yinwunte» side ands beqod enw 
6 2631 ai boniogga yolt aalsdiweait ~ ibevlosaih 
ed ad ,guamwiel eytoxl) bomen grodosouy woo 
wore to noitunbvuui silt yd belasite noo apw 
gest i oanle omt fel oncheuds bee lood-aurgd 
oben cuuyiwe « loom hed made sanimododl 
“Ylao paid yah mls ni eolaimnoyiom riot sqad bas 
. oilt wh woivese oll croveyrod 1G ol 


: “wiltagoila barays | 
Baiteildisiay aow yaoloa maimloll Huns redsoaA: 


By 


ve 


- 


pace cn yee 


392 


THE EXILES 

at Niederortmannsdorf in tlie Queis district. This 
village belonged to the parish of Marklissa, and the 
then minister Arndt, as well as his successor Victze, 
could converse with the Bohemians in their verna- 
cular tongue. With the death of the last named, 
they were deprived of that comfort; and in 1682 
they obtained permission to build a meeting-house. 
Their baptisms, marriages, and burials, were, how- 
ever, still to be performed in Marklissa; they took 
the sacrament in common with the parishioners ; 
and spiritual counsel was given by means of an in- 
terpreter, though they were permitted to sing the 
B hemian hymns. In consequence of the young 
people neglecting the Bohemian language, and 
attending the German preachers their service ceased 
altogether in 1779. 

The places of refuge which Saxony afforded to 
the unhappy emigrants, were chiefly in the district 
of Misnia, where two congregations were formed at 
Dresden and Pirna, places easily accessible from 
Leitmeritz and Melnik by the river Elbe. The 
towns of Schandau and Neusalz, also gave shelter 
to many. 

On the arrival of the exiles from the various 
countries of Bohemia, Moravia, Austria, and Silesia, 
the Elector George graciously took them under his 
protection, and afforded them both temporal and 
spiritual advantages; for he granted them the 
free exercise of their religion, permitted them to 
build a church at Pirna, and allowed them to print 
Bohemian books. In temporal affairs, they were 
privileged to carry on their various trades, and 

every one who wished it, could obtain citizenship. 


aes Ge Wh eae 
ae eR GRE “ oy 
sid nha zoug).ollt el tobenunmutsmabetess 


wilt fit wontdioM Yo dain oilt ob 
BD | © exioiT thane Hd 

| (hy sek arava 
a beseansss’ Sal vvthl Yee cle atl? 
ee ie ethene say 


AVON LP te 

owiuh perinw alurrod hase aoqyeiveanee pnsitqad vietT 
hod aida eccitdenldat borracho, od. ot, Slide 1949 
s exutromlering ails attw roumerno’ AN Mmesumgerease ld 
<n ap to earour ‘yl navig airy lene inuisiya bat - 
erly guile GP Teadlineieg to yo ) 
gansy sd¥ lo sousupoxtan eh momen aaete ; 

Daa agewgunl  nuimodott ‘=e aly ~ . 
foams ooveian rin) epoeb onan] pare gulbanuds 

a | ; 
op Yesirda youn dail w -opuile 40 moalq, oil - 
Heth wiv wt yNaids oxow elamryie xgge ; 
go bouridl view enudagygnuy eer 


ee ene 


SO I eo 


AT DRESDEN AND PIRNA. 393 


The indigent among the clergy and laity, were also 
permitted, on producing special testimonials from 
the court of consistory, to collect alms at the 


church doors. His urgent intercession with the - 


Emperor and King procured for some a restitution 
of their estates, and the necessary passports for 
a safe return to Bohemia. When the number of 
exiles at Dresden was considerably increased, they 
petitioned the Elector for leave to have divine service 
in the house of the minister, who was to be their 
preacher. This was granted, and thus it continued 
during ten years. But when the Westphalian 
peace of 1648 convinced the exiles that they had 
nothing more to hope for in Bohemia, they peti- 
tic.ed for the use of one of the churches, and St. 
John’s, afterwards called the Bohemian church, was 
given them by the Elector. ; 
Several families of the nobility—it may be said 
the flower of the Bohemian counts, barons, and 
noblemen, arrived at Pirna, in 1623, and were 
followed, in 1626, by large numbers of the citizens 
of Leitmeritz. They did not all, however, remain 
in Pirna and its vicinity; for in 1639, during the 
progress of the war many fled into the neighbouring 
town of Dresden. Others had previously left the 
place for Zittau. For in 1623, when Pirna was 
besieged by the Swedish troops, several families of 
the nobility applied to the council of Zittau for re- 
ception, and accompanied their petition with testi- 
monials of moral conduct, from the authorities of 
Pirna. Of those who had taken refuge at Pirna, 
several are known by name to the present time. 
One of them was the highly respectable syndic of 
Leitmeritz, Paul Stransky, who went thence to 


" 


a AMT ERK penal: ms 
gela oom etial ban arta wll) 
wot aluierouriiwn Letra is nts hy no. 
cult ut emtha ‘toollos at bietet 


yealt hoesad gdmohilenoy enw mbes (T ta colhes 


waives aidell meat oof vrarah ait tol wil ae 


bouriiruon si-ewild Iyew Jberooey aw ow tit or ane 
nniledyses WV © adh notw tol bear re _— 
taal oils sail wells” gel! boonienae lb o gobog 
“Hop yolt clumlol ei i) sqod gm Pd re. 
$8 hea gortrinda oft to ano B Ags? bs, oi 
gow dors ania itr batles aewds udol, 
croton wile yd saul a 
hire od yon at yilidouw sii Yo ssilinw) la 
has atomd sania nailed oft 9 
orn baw CEOL* ai eri'T te heview 
enositis af? fo Moduiwe spud ye, sina ‘si 
itiam yavewed ii jor bib ys pian Ww 
swelt yistayh EOT WMA oyttointy aff Lun. ni 
yotnoddgise odd oti bolt yaar wow oct Lo weasigorg 
gar Nol ylenoivonq’ hut exoilO Yo mwot 
env oid yadw ESO ui 10T “alti wah spay 


To vallinnd Ticrvoe aden Halbowe gil vor 


ot rot ymtik Ww tod orf “ar 


ohtent atiw noli}oy ‘tind besthiaipen wale — 
du woisrroil ivy. gilt unart ‘Aedtios: 


Tee 


394 THE EXILES 


Leyden, and afterwards, like Dr. Borbonius, to 
Thorn, where he wrote his celebrated work on 
Bohemia. 

When General Strahlhaus was purposing to leave 
Pirna, on the 26th of July, 1639, with the view of 
returning to Lusatia and Bohemia, the exiles enter- 
tained a hope of obtaining their lost estates, and were 
consequently very eager to accompany him on his 
journey ; their joy was as great as though they had 
been leaving an Egyptian bondage, and were entering 
apromisedland. Collecting their valuables in great 
haste, 1500 individuals, young and old, were ready by 
four o’clock in the morning to follow the forces of the 
General acre~ the river Elbe. About 250 persons, 
besides their pastor and those who were entrusted 
with their affairs, remained in Pirna. But those 
who accompanied the Swedes were ill-treated on 
the road, and plundered of all they possessed, by 
their supposed deliverers. After which, some of 
them went to Zittau, but the greater number were 
sheltered at Dresden. 

Another place of refuge for the faithful exiles 
was also found in the Saxon part of Zinnwald, a 
mountainous district on the borders, between Tep- 
litz and Bilin. In 1700, when none but Protestants 
were residing there, the number of the inhabitants 
amounted to upwards of 750; most of whom were 
descendants of Bohemian refugees. They had been 
richly blessed in the mining business, which they 
carried on, and some began to purchase fields, and 
build larger and more convenient houses. Great 

exertions were then made by the Popish reformers to 
force them to change their religion ; for it was out of 
the power of a Romanist to imagine that such wealthy 


a nn aka he nies ERR ole AER REN ta 


eaiies aur oe te 
or aukoodrofl Cl sali pura oe al 
vo dow fotwidiing oli glory ad on we sarod ‘ 

aw a a 
ovaal ob gaimnpud ane ees sel a. 
if) wait oily deg etl a ig = 
sola aalees sis sivvniall ih me: 
isd to sigh ¢laqaivena a) egw ae nal 
bad yads yyw ae devrg 2h eow Yor, todd? ead 
gerirotas www baw orgalirod nsiiyyycl angeireal vi 
tery ai noldewlow tiailt grivatlow ‘ba bosien - 
4 vhwss otow to Lars guney ro feat aol 
mili to exonol sila wollotot yuienone oll et lo'o a0) 
prow OSS duodA edla sever ailt orn lomasD 
badursius wie oily geod) bia 10 tly esbiqad 
eaott jl orl ot baniegar qiods dae 
no botert-lli sww solewe gilt bolompusogou odw 
yd sbrecsanoy yay, tle To botobauly baw ,buor, oft _ 
to omroe dlvidw avitA, wunavilab Jeeoquns Bal 4] 
wien clio wtnarg adi Jud woisin ohiasw otoii ) _ 
wssbeontl tu boeatlode 

polixs Ludiid) malt at ogiler lo wonky wvhonA i 
fo shiewiniS Yo seq non ol ii baw wale egw 7 
eqn, pvowiod etolriod wilt ao sointah wom : 
atuntecwotl dud saon nodw OOTL al bow sil -. 
pimatidadui old Yo wodime alt orodd y awn. | 
we mud to a4om , 007 lo ebinwqe oF hetnwoma 
good bad voll zsxyuler mp ‘Yo aubaropeab . 
yor doidy ,esoniogsd awieten old ot bomagld yllorr 
fu ebboit stalemd of asgod onios lum ne reer 2 
iw) . eeavorl dnaiievnws. oxO0n placate ; 
oF eypinrdbat el Hi yebohaon 12 a. 
Wo Joo ga tow spud 
ihihovew hone soaks fei a4 ieinmstoSt Palo eos 


cy) 


ORT EET OW 


ETT LTE 


ee 


AT ZINNWALD. 395 


people would leave their fields,their well-built houses, 
and other property, for the sake of the gospel; and 
to be the more certain of the poorer inhabitants 
also, the anti-reformation was postponed until after 
the harvest, and when the winter was nigh. But 
the representations of some great men put a stop to 
their proceedings. In 1728 the persecution re- 
commenced, and the lords of Bilin, Teplitz, and 
Graupen, under whose authority these poor people 
were then living, formed a conspiracy for the pur- 
pose of extirpating the gospel from che place. They 
exp-..d Kunderbach, their faithful minister, and 
prohibited Rosler of Schellerhau from continuing 
the Protestant schools, on pain of imprisonment. 
The inhabitants of Zinnwald were then forced by 
repeated threats to attend the sermons of the 
Jesuits; and the Protestant ministers of Furstenau 
and Geising (to which last parish Zinnwald had 
hitherto belonged,) were threatened with the 
severest punishments in case they should be seen in 
the Bohemian Zinnwald. All the supplications of the 
oppressed people, all the representations of the Saxon 
Governor of Pirna, and of the said ministers, availed 
nought. In short, the whole of the inhabitants 
were obliged to emigrate and leave their property. 
They went cheerfully, and one of them, pressing the 
Bible to his bosom, exclaimed, “ Let all be lost, since 
I have still a Bible left.” Thanks be to God! not 
an individual of them was led astray to Popery, 
although every artifice was uscd for that purpose ; 
but their constancy induced some Romanists of the 
neighbourhood to become members of the JFivan- 
eclical church. ; 
The exiles were uevertheless still employed in the 


& 


> 
a, Gee eee ee 
= 
ca 


eds % somes oft hewtte of etertd)  Detmqnr 
wont to endelnior tmotestorl odb boa + tinal 
bal biowaniS daiteq teal-doldw ot) pakieD. baw 
sid Ute” bomatemnt) ote ‘Ghegndled  ohadiid 
om save ox bheods yorlt sano at eteioniatiny Jestevoe 
po rah) card iA re ee nelrtododl oda 
wore lt to ancitdmane od Hi zalyooy frberiggo 
boliars amdctaion bis odo bee gat Yo tontaveld 
anniidadat alt ke olodw ot yoda al. © dyson 
“ehoqorq tinlt oyael baw oretginy oF hogildo orow 


alt yatiseagy suvnlt To ume Lire gelbectiasile tetoy - 
oovig Aes] od Me 20,3 Punleties upeenigt Ga 


doa hod oral adAonttl © ol MET ny iftne wake 
AgoqoT ot gem bal sew ewlt Yo teubivibad sia 
joeoqiag jaa wi boar caw anfihhur give dguodal 


“Te 


Phe 


re 


- 


od ak Deeolqgers [ite sealadtovow a 


pps pO REIT EN TE EO TN 


396 THE EXILES 


mines. Indeed, it seemed impossible to exclude 
the Protestant labourers entirely from the Bohemian 
mines, inasmuch as the greater number was at that 
time Protestant. These poor outcasts from Zinn- 
wald, besides being providentially supplied with 
ready money, fourteen Bibles, twenty-seven hymn- 
books, &c. from a pious merchant of Neustadt, near 
Dresden; were also faithfully protected and assisted 
towards the building of new houses, by the highly 
respected mine-fitter, Tobias Otto of Altenberg, who 
had great influence with the Bohemian noblemen, and 
who made some powerful appeals in their behalf to 
the proper authorities. In the middle of July, 1729, 
orders were also issued from the mine office at 
Dresden, to ‘he authorities of Freiberg, Altenberg, 
and Giesshubel, that these exiles should, above all 
others, be employed in the working of the mines. 

A centenary festival in commemoration of the 
settlement. of Georgenfeld, which was founded by 
these poor exiles of Zinnwald, was celebrated in 1827; 
for which Mr. Kretschmar, the rector of Geising, 
had prepared the minds of the people by an historical 
account of that event, of which the following is an 
extract. After referring to the expulsion of the 
miunisters,and the unvarying firmness of the people in 
the midst of persecution and suffering — he continues : 
“ But their shepherds did not forsake them, for they 
were no hirelings. Frequently might a noble 
figure in a miner’s dress, be seen walking from 
the valley of Geising, through the hollows of 
the forest, towards the entrance of the mines, and 
after a friendly salutation descending with the 
miners. Like a good genius the faithful shep- 
herd, the minister of Geising, suddenly stood im the 


a 


we etna aT hae 
ghalezs or oldianogrtl baaiyo2, i doghal ante 
sralamalott melt emer yhertters evanodal seintesvort silt 
sat so ane edad Simeg wi co Apenennt Ponte 
~oniS onl Benntero woo ot aanteadD qari 


isin beliyque yatoutiveny galad wsbiznd- Jolew: 
mew? i ; 


see 
ao MW tmabsreny Gone | 
fontaine turn hovvstony yiialdsict aake mi y nobeontt 
qhilyidt its yt setwed tron Ter sesttilind ot ebrawod 
ode rediwtA To ofO enidoT savit-orien Letanpest. 
has asmoldon netdrodod oft sbiveqpasutial tary bart 
ot Hawlod rlalt vel Hong Te rvesomy qetee alent acter 
ey ylul to othbter ods al cattrvadlaaa vege lt 
a: oitte solar ole mroft burl ocala: ae wtoleo 
swindagil A yrsdivi'l lo satvirorinin od* ob deberr 
(ia svoda ,bivoie eulizo eat tats dediileesid baw 
eon gilt Yo kd row salt ri hingolyens at geoudto 
odi to polaTermmmnos ai devitesl qenumtase A. 
yd hobaucl wew doidw tastes Yo Maacnoliier 
STB! ol bonwidolbe env bhww mass ta esllzaroog axa 
vanieiad Yo aogogt arly cumedtseigr at eM deitw acl ~ 
tuonoral an yd alqow acl Toehoies odt brvmprig fail 
uu i galwolfel’ adi alain to ture tad Wo direngo 
of lo webbie ot ot grivwivt tw, aomiso |) 
oii olqudg olt'To extrunt?) gakyraveen oold berngerataisisa . 
saaw atid oil —qoirstita bie rol.onsanmg te ebiat odd _ 
outs 0 .awsil? odeetat ton bib alrrodqpels uinlrsatl™ 
oldod ¢ filylar ylinowprct” souilotid of ope 
poor? giddy mie od ,erorly wrautian at otgh 
Yo availed ott dnootilt gai To golley add. . 
ban, ait ‘to tad ott eletewre? Javed ott 
‘ots Hew eng ob aolmulne ylbmatih » oof 
wit wi boots vlabtinie <qniaiv Yo amenity pis ghggil 


—- =e 
=< 


AT GEORGENFELD. 397 


midst of his flock. Here, in these mysterious solemn 
halls of mother earth—here, in this subterraneous 
cathedral, where the Almighty had himself raised an 
altar-——here, where a cordial address of the faithful 
shepherd gave consolation, encouragement, and 
hope-—here were the vows of faithfulness once more 
repeated by the persecuted people. 

“Meanwhile the trying decisive moment had 
approached in a fearful form. The believing souls, 
eight hundred in number, then forsook their all, 
and proceeded to the adjoining parts of Saxony. 
Here they built a village and called it New- 
Georgenfeld, and they gave the name Gottgetreu 
to he settlement of the others in the Saxon por- 
tion of Zinnwald. By an influx of charitable con- 
tributions, and the assistance of the reigning Prince, 
and the lord of the manor, Mr. de Bunau; witha 
pious activity, and above all, with the blessing of 
their heavenly Father, these poor outcasts were 
soon placed again in the enjoyment of a new house 
and home. After a solemn procession to the church 
of Geising, they knelt before the altar, and renewed 
their oath of allegiance to the Lord.” 

This memorable event, which became a centennial 
one in 1827, was most solemnly celebrated on the 3 Ist 
of October, in Dippoldswalde, under the manage- 
ment of Mr. Justice Lehmann, and in Geising by 
that of the Rev. Mr. Gartner. The double festivity 
was announced in Geisine, with the first dawn of 
day, by the pealing of the bells, and the firing 
of several cannon. ‘The whole town was in a lively 
commotion, for every one felt eager to meet the 
grand and great-grandchildren of their believing 
forefathers, in erder to join them, as their ancestors 


; a? 
TOE ATA SONWAD TA aan 


néanlos snaiiatayenr sets al gett asian) 
enor ie ashy at yeteal elem. odin 
na honier Pisertid thet etbytté adiewentir mr 
* bildtiod od to eoriln iufinos eviedy eek 
ban degen notionas oviry lymifqade io 


oem 


hail tony sekem sofre el olidweelf * 
@lioe getveiiod ail carve tibaeine wt holsinnqqe 
dle tigls doxect godt potinow Mi bothemt “dygis 
jyroxwe ‘jo eva gidalojlin alt of feieson ‘bna 
wo, ti bellici haw oyatly « atid yodt visi 
wrriegttol) outer wld ovey adi baw Meinegood 
sog one siltor erdio ot lo temliies oy on 
~1oo dilgitade Woxollal aw yt Admetiih Yo nol 
odd gufipior odd lo poworeree ole Ie artoneede 
& dbiw ¢ aad] ob M aocanr oft Yo dal ol Ian 
W gaiswld wht div dle oveds ben ont owach anolq 
eto etealuo tony oauilt proddte't ' ytaodnsd sort 
_ eanenl Wot 6 te dnosntyoqae wdtad wlege baowky moor 
Hotuils ot o goleesseny neni alk mmol fas ” 
hows baw uit ott otelted slow maids) lo 
“Dro F wilt at oni ten siaifh 
lsivotaee « onto! ality gave oldwventen ait” 
dL € sili no Lorerdales ylinatos feo eow TEST al ono 
“eannam oxlt rohaw cblamebloge ith int aratetaO to 
qd gaitioD af bow ymeomulal ok Coat tout 
yivitest aldvob odT’ - romrBD 21a will Yo dai 
Yo arveab sevit oul sltiw qyuisioD i Bosayonsa es 
paint ads, bow ,elhot ol Ya guileng add yd 
Ylovil w aizow owe foulaooll worn 
ol) Meet of pHa sb) ano Yrove wit 


toured” 
grivoilod vind) Yo sebtidohinerperiory ‘natin. 


~ 


eroneorn vailt en dinlecio), oh wiles ai 


398 THE EXILES 


did one hundred years ago, in a procession to the 
temple. With dignified order the inhabitants of New 
and Old Geising, together with their children, the 
schoolmasters, the ministers of both congregations, 
and more than one hundred and fifty young women 
dressed in white, moved from Geising in procession 
to the meeting of the two communities of Georgen- 
feld and Zinnwald. The sounds of a distant choir 
soon announced the approach of the expected parties, 
who were hailed with loud tones of jubilee by the 
musical bands of those who had gone forth to meet 
them ; and the procession to the church was now so 
increased as to exceed a thousand individuals. 
After the hymn, “A strong fortress is our God,” 

the Rey. Mr. Gartner delivered a sermon on Eph. 

iv. 1—6, in which he exhorted the audience to unity 

and love. Several Romanists were also present on 

the occasion, and some monuments were on that day 

erected in memory of their pious ancestors. 

Lauenstein was also a place of refuge to some 
‘exiles, such as the family of Neumann from Teplitz. 
A son of theirs who was born in 1634, died in 
1700, as minister of Furstenwalde. The little town 
of Spandau, on the river Elbe, and not far from the 
Bohemian town of Tetschen, became also the place 
of refuge, in 1622, to several of the outcast clergy- 
men, who were banished from Bohemia. Some 
traces of the events of that period are yet preserved 
in the accounts of Spandau. 

In the parish book of Reinhardsdorf, we find the 
following entry :—“ In 1627, the Bohemians from 
Hirnskretschem, being persecuted at home, came 
hither to divine service, and a new chapel was con- 
structed for their accommodation.” The chapel is 


ils i a SSE 


06 eens 2B Marea aa Ay ol 


en mT 6 


aarotiagrtgnos tire! Ye eredelaiar 


son ut dr0t onog bl ow senda to. whol feotawar 
oo wan eww dated alt of movaaneng odd hous 5 avods 
inobivifa: feweicalt 2 beouz ut pe laenorval 
“hott amo ai aestist qande AM , odd wha 
gi ao noarde 2 Lewviloh your 11 veR ot 
ytinws 08 sorpibun old barsodee vil asia wi —L vi 
no tivenq oeln stow ateianinoll laws vol bas 
tub lady wo wow etaseretoa ones bina wroiwgeo od) 
tohenns noid sist Io creme ot betes 
amos oF outer lo vonlg « oth atw olptenoual — ’ 
avis T nvort sown 7. bo elias sult an lone aalixe- 
it beitb PEL ai atod. caw ow etiods lo. noa A 
nwo olviled’T .sblecustei'] to wrtiniat a YOTt 
oct meerid wit tow babs dtl voir soli. ushenmg? Yer.. 7 
osuliy ond opin omavad noise l te awol saimodoel | 
ermrole mntuo a(t Jo (owns of S800 ai ogdiot to 
emo — wsteroioff noth bavlaisnd orm | 
fenrronang twe sun bolvq auld Yo etamre adt Qo masa 
unhaag® Ve eteworge old ai 
ot bad ow brobelruntiindl. to load: debg 
' tf mis teal ial 


AT NEUSALZ. 399 
said to have been behind the altar. The church of 
this parish was also attended in the second half of 
the 17th century, by some of the Bohemians, who 
partly settled in that town. 

The little town of Neusalz, Misnia, which is 
close on the border of Upper Lusatia, owes its 
origin chiefly to German exiies, and Bohemian 
and Hungarian emigrants. At first, the Bohemian 
worship had to be celebrated in a private house. 
Afterwards, they were enabled, by contributions 
from Saxony, Sweden, Liibeck, and Bremen, to 
build a church, which was consecrated on the 4th 
of Febru.ry, 1679. The first minister, Stephen 
Pilarik, was a native of Hungary. 

In 1701, the Bohemian sermons at Neusalz, were 
delivered by the celebrated mathematician, Christian 
Peschek, a great-grandchild of Christoph Peschek, 
whose sufferings and death have been mentioned 
before. But as in Zittau, Pirna, Dresden, and 
Berlin, so also in Neusalz, the time at last came 
when Bohemian sermons were no longer requisite. 
The parishes of Neusalz and Sprengel, Gn which 
last place those who understood German attended 
divine service,) were united in the year 1700. 

Further, we learn from the “ Book of Perse- 
cutions,” that the inhabitants of Misnia were great 
gainers by the arrival of the exiles, (for they were 
at first visited by the rich,) but that they had after- 
wards often left them unassisted in their distress. 
Many outcasts also found refuge in the mineral dis- 
tricts of Saxony, near the frontier town of Saaz ; 
but they formed no Bohemian communities, probably 
because the inhabitants of Saaz were German, and 
such exiles easily mixed with the rest of the popu- 


woe ne mr merrier eT a 


An’ dérude oT nile ole babediak 


“prgne Ao “dood wk mac “evual sw ixedlbat 


pseu Tenwod witnetl ot rut yore 
~ bee sroumin) omw 


Gee “MAGUSH Ta. =e > 


fo Mad boos add at bobautin axle aw’ toe 
oilw ywuniredytl art oe al 

preach eh air far 
atabida ~indht shame Yo vor olnil GdT 


a eth a a 


netomat odlt SP stmeryiore nobel baw 
aned teria oh bedambiles od of Bad qidesow 
suntan Yt Invites: ete “yo! aburnwilA 
oy jonmertl haw onal vehow2 goers mort 
mn sii no hwtemwne saw daidr .derods 9 Mind 
woilqt oteittior eit edT  GTOt (yuowivT Yo 
~ setogau ld To eriian «mew aigelil 

orwslioneY. 32 aroariee wahodoll adi 1OTT al 
matarcalt) wrnisisnersdiain hatmdslon ale ed bevavilab 
doilgee"l tqomint Yo blidobiterg-tevrg 5 ferloesT 
besoaonr weed oval <liseh bw eyoiiitve seodw 
hag yusbexr jitiD tti8 ar ae do aadled 
oerae Meal In onrtt ons’ tne at cela oF nihil 
atvinpaouaol on eww anosiee auterntoll nditw 
dbitw wt) egnont has xhiee¥t io sadeling odT 
bobasite tan bootewhar ody! sods oailq taal 
OOS! ane sil ul bosiaw wow (ootriee ealyib 


anorg orow nimei lM: Wo ediasitadat oil) todd “anoityo 
arow gard qe) olixe oly Wo hevitin sift yd ering 
coi foot qos sue nil (alot aay ge biter tei te 
eee) tule af Latter wily Nol woflo dhesw 
il) levenion od) ai ogrion bret ole aaemtao 


edi asian tle R om bat 
~uyyoq wilt Yo tes ; 


400 THE EXILES 


lation. In the period from 1624 to 1650, many 
came and settled in the upper and colder part of the 
mountains. 

The town of Annaberg has already been 
mentioned as the place of refuge of the cruelly 
persecuted Wisozky,* and as superintendent of this 
district, we here also find John Hofstetter, the 
exiled superintendent of Eger. 

_ The history of the town of Schneeberg affords us 
also some information concerning the exiles :— 
“ Christopher Schind was a native of this place ; 
he studied at Altdorf, Leipzic, and Prague, and 
was ther: assisted by the Lutheran preacher, Helwig 
Garth. Like the latter, he here frequently held 
disputations with the Jesuits and the Capuchin 
monks. He studied for the bar, and practised as 
barrister before the counsellors of Prague, and in 
the court of appeal. He became the attorney of 
the town of Aussig, whose afiairs he submitted to 
the states-general, and directors, and succeeded in 
obtaining for this town a free exercise of religion, 
a Protestant town-council, and the restitution of 
the parish church. But Garth persuaded him, not- 
withstanding unpleasant circumstances, to become 
a minister of the gospel, and hence he studied 
theology in the library of this learned man. He 
was ifterwards the sixth colleague at the [van- 
gelicat school of Salvator church, but in 1620 be- 
came deacon of Aussig’, at the same time declining 
a call from Kadan. However, in March, 1621, 
the imperial commissioners came to Aussig, and he 
was foreed, with hundreds of others, to emigrate. 
On the 21st of June he was an eye-witness of the 
: * See page 198. 


a 
entrees 


| road vhevde onl = gieleont w 


eset. aT og SWORE 
‘7K oD) a bal PT aL joi wilt al ane 
silt Yo ream whlea as roagy cals st alos Ds 866 


yilowra od Yo. wguien. tn oonley, wilt tom 


S 


seating alt qedermano nicareliat amos orl 
> qonlq alt Yogvand a seW buidet alqoteind 
hus sugart. bas: wieqlal drohith 4e elbor of 
ginlal swekanetey mmtarltu) aula yeh dotelane arortt acc © 
blod ylireuped wrod od cxetdel oil vdit mine’) 
widooqe) silt fv atiueo’ oda iitiw eanleiogath 
au hooktemtq ban xed okt not baibute oN adaoat 
wi ban ougerl To etallganyoo oils owiat soldriad 
fo quote ot, twood oH sleaqpye Yo tudo pdt 
ot hatviauloe out exidiis sandy gained. ‘Yo irwot ailt 
ot beboansus bos grote, fing ,levaieg-sssate ols 
aoigitet Yo. selurszo. seat 6 sro! ail x0 } ‘gittindte -*P™ 


Yo aoiutiteon Sly fra Sinasoo-nwot Sand sO 
-soux ttl bobaaevog, drat) sll Morale ctaivany ont 
omossd of asnustedcuatia jamaolqan qguibirdediins _— 
boihuva ot sound bad Joqaog oil Yo aovelstior i 
oi asst boon! eld to qrstdil wil bed cl : 
<ourSloilt se-ougnallon dixie al ehnmwtall 1 enw 


“nd OSD wi tue glemunt sotavin® To toailve’ insiiog” 
aifallagh omit algae ol) re nian 1 opel series 
TS01 hrs ak povawoll — .wabadl wort tes" =~ 
ot Lt quien 0) oxtay ernooilutniros Inbtoreant ode, 
suerguctin.os- etealsa. to. xbealiscail ilibe shot at 
ati lo menuiv-og gn eaw of G0 Yo defS ody a” 

: : a 


Ath gang, o98 oee _ 2 ee 
= = 


RY ME WADIA NM ot Aree ee 


ee eimalan tena ta ttt 


IN SCHNEEBERG, 40] 
great carnage in Prague, and then he went to his 
native town of Schneeberg, where he occasion- 
ally ascended the pulpit. In 1624 he became 
deacon of Frauenstein, at the recommendation of 
the chief court-chaplain, Dr. Hoe. In 1625 he 
was minister of Clausznitz, and finally succeeded 
his father-in-law in the ministry of Schneeberg. 
In 1646 he declined the office of superintendent of 
Weida. In Clausznitz he had much to suffer. The 
soldiers, who literally cut his neighbour minister, 
George Franke of Kleinwaltersdorf to pieces, and 
threw them to the dogs, arrested him when per- 
forming a baptism, and dragged him to Bohemia, 
where he only obtained his liberation by payment 
of a heavy sum of money. 

We also learn from the chronicles of Schneeberg, 
that in the year 1600 many exiles came to this 
town from Steyermark, Karnthen, and Krain. Of 
those who arrived from Joachimsthal we ought par- 
ticularly to mention Conrad Hutter. In 1629 he 
was obliged, on account of his religion, to flee with 
his wife and children; being the first resolute 
emigrant, and deaf to all the offers of the enemy. 
We proceeded to Selineeberg, and there sought an 
appointment, but afterwards established himself at 
Geier. His sentiments may be gathered from the 
following verse, which he wrote in Ins Prayer- 
br ok :-—— I entreat thee, O Lord, suffer me net to 
waver! Let me always adhere to thy divine, pure 
word, which I now believe; enable me to call 
myself thy servant, that ] may remain constant 
to the end of my days.” 

The town of Freiberg was also a refuge for 

VOL. II. 2D 


nb onxdissnime wr '* : 
ef oF tune od Htadle ban ui y hereg: 
snoifanan sl opel rile % cirot vitae 
gna ol 926! al preg: ite 
We motichastmone oft te pilotenouetl Ve noaeeb 
od Ci ot. sof ad ec hen > 


bobaoagw« 
ia nv oishagee age lorry : 
To tnolugintrsqua. Yo ners elt hotles! od LOI ex ; 


oN? seffiwe od loti hie val stimesauied) wl hia W | 
jodain ronddyian whi bi ow aersiitom | 
bun sonoig ot Iraberatle wit Yo dard sategi) 
“aq arsiler inh! Toterrcy egoly sels on sesil), wereld 
umd ob mil bepgeth bog reliqed. « gainer 
momnyed yd mitined’) «i Louiatde ¥fno od sede 
Sane Yo nase yea Wo 
srendeantio to astiieerdo gilt md esl oaks a W 
nlf et cies elixe yoru (WOOL gy odt oi dels 
YO nie Wim corte tito yod8 asoit cewot - 
“1am Sigs we bie cot duvinae ode ovoilt ) 


pe 


etoqerl ofl tt storw al “eine : 
of ton-otn vii {Get 0 sods neti 1" te wl 
eine oitivily alk ot wrortba. ecotrla.sen tals trovaw 
Hao of on oldie : Sila won 1 


triaranion aan qua T duit pemehes§ | 
fe 
~~ ayuilet sist % od 


402 THE EXILES 


many exiles. Here Paul Skala of Horze wrote, in 
the Bohemian language, the second part of a Bohe- 
mian Church History, the first having been pre- 
pared by him at Liibeck. Ten large folio volumes 
of this church-historical work are in Count Wallen- 
stein’s library at Dux in Bohemia; and as they 
speak of contemporaneous events, they would have 
afforded excellent matter for this work, could they 
have been consulted. An _ historical Bohemian 
manuscript in the school library of Freiberg, treating 
on the period of the Emperor Sigismund, and on 
Ziska, the leader of the Hussites, is probably a part 
of Skala’s work. Moller, in his work on Freiberg, 
While speaking of the events of 1625, makes the 
following remarks on the immigration of exiles :— 
“ Owing to severe persecutions which the Pro- 
testants suffered in Bohemia and other Austrian 
territories, a large number of them, together with 
their families, left the country; several of these 
emigrants came to Freiberg, where they established 
‘themselves permanently by purchasing their free- 
dom.” Some of their names are doubtless yet to 
be found in the registers of deaths at Freiberg. 
In the district of this town, a new village, called 
Deutschneudorf was established by the exiles. In 
1696, they were permitted to build a church, but 
owing to their poverty, this was not completed until 
1734. Jtisa branch church of Neuhausen. The 
little village was called Deutsch-neudorf, in order to 
distinguish it from Suhmisch-neudorf, which is 
situated opposite to Katharinenberg, near Rothen- 
haus, in the district of Saaz. The children of 
Deutschneudorf attend the school of Oberseifenbach. 


cae et ani 


cccene we een se AANA nih AREY ay AL MN non 


fe Te ere 


ee oe eee 


A” bee 
enKS aH 
nl aonw scwakt Yoon dna? ort 
loll & Ws inmy Gnenoe alt gomrgatel 
-vny teat qaiel arell oli yprencll deouct®) mite 
eventttog allel ermal ev shonditdh ea. aiid gd betage 
trie inn) ai wre dun Leitotadildortds saith Yo, 


geltrent sprite bo — UO ee 
6 ie ,heenrareiyi senegal edt Yo Daity ard ao 
ning wo yldetony et easier LE alt Veemabeal orld ndeiX- 

sgodist) an daw vila sotlolé > hw e'abal? to 

ody todam G21 Ie en9ve silt To gotilige abide 

—+solizs to woltergunct od1 mo-edenenen, gabrollat 

<i) odd ibidw ancittooey steees of yoiwO 

miviaatl wolto bow siento at henge rigaiest 

Dive aodieoo! ,ceult lo vsegd agra soreadinied - _f 
cenit Yo Lawes yetiie-orkt Ma etl thos . 
horkildates yolt eridy gwdin Tl of aunin etre iyiies 
oot sion? patmionny yd yltnonarey reloads” 
otargesldeab wie enim tiedt In ome “ymrob © 
vgtadior'’d te eliaob Qo etotelgsr ofa al bovet ad j 
balla vagoiliv wou w swot elt to dotstail: silt ob 

al aolixe ott yd boilatidutes. saw thobimmilaatan€,, 

nud does @ detiod ot lovin omow youl OT. 

lien fatalynros tow grew eirld yrervod ated? oF gaiwe - | 
et? ceanadie% Jo slonnils toed oa al e69L. : 
obtalive att chnv Sst bolleo- en opettiy alist 

al avid drobigedaxiqAi som st sisiingnitnitie » 
-biof aan ernlsohadintl of qo 
Yo corblile oT xan lo dobutally oi 
Poadaiorenl® we sig Acreage: 


a 


AT ZWICKAU. 403 
The little village there, called Briderwiete, was 
perhaps also established by some exiles, probably 
“ Bohemian Brethren.”’ 

Lower Lusatia also proved a place of refuge 
to many an exile. Among others who came to 
Luckau, we would mention Albert Crantz, a 
relation of the celebrated historian of that name. 
He had been governor of the domain of Lischkowiz, 
but was forced to emigrate. Afterwards obtaining 
a commission in the army, under Bernhard of 
Saxe-Weimar, he was at last appointed Castellan 
of Sorau, Triebel, and Naumburg. His son, John 
Crantz, compelled in 1654, during the Silesian 
anti-reformation, to emigrate from Thiemendorf, 
was appointed minister of Haugsdorf in Upper 
Lusatia. 

Zwickau was another place where the exiles found 
refuge. Several Protestants came to this town 
during the persecutions which Ferdinand I. and 
the Jesuits had instituted in Steyermark, Karnthen, 
‘and Krainin the year 1598. In May, 1603, several 
more arrived, of whom some obtained citizenship 
under rather mild conditions. Zwickau was also the 
residence of Dr. Paul Makasius, formerly physician 
at Eger, who had been forced to flee in 1628, and 
who, in 1635, sacrificed his house, his well-stocked 
laboratory, and all his other property. He soon, 
however, obtained great practice in Zwickau, and 
there lived until his death, which occurred in 1644. 
The minister of Lichtenstadt in Karnthen, who had 
also been obliged to flee from his home, was his 
father. His wife had been so terrified by the 
threats of the commissioners, that she became 
seriously ill. In her funeral sermon the following 

ee eae 


fit UAADID PA S- 


ouw -oterwmabinath tvalles arvats agattiy ob 
uldadow geltes oarma 1d pines weer band 


opie: Wn ‘sonlq a leevony vel witmened “awod ., 


0) wee odw evotie york alike as qosny 


SSE est yaaa ol nc 


siete] tv aluamb nets cad satal 

atid. teryion ad Gerrol anw dud 
YW buularell: eugene Jers ad} ab toieineto9. o 
dolisn) beaioyys incl so mw od ronnie W wre 
ndot woo will) ecdsaue%, low label crw®. to 
asieliS- alr guirch 6600 at ye ae nn 
obatowidT ao steryiare - ot ihe 
sega cl Dohegret! to snbedetiar honbogga enw 


iaruat tien gilt stndber soak eutionn.eow uadniad 

not sul) of oman atowtesion) leve?  ogvior 
haa UE locnibiol doidy. etottunsar ‘ort gah 
sown ahramere7916 oi Lesvertivani dod etic’ ack 
Ierovee CODL eM al BOL anoy edt ot he A hae 
gitlewsitly leniwdo enrus cody Qo lorie stom 
oiligelaeow wadoiwX. .noisthavs hlin vdieo whan 
talserde glen aviendalh (oat Yo oousbiéor 
Liss BOL ui oll of lrsotd) mved bad odd aagT ae 
oe ait jvevod pnalpie g a Ad ai ode 
ood BET egnagony z91l0 ab tle haw pesolesodnl 
bio ,undolwX af sovome, caveg loxoletdo towswodd 
dO! ah hevannaalbichw hinol aid dig bowil oroult 
fool cvlw jeodarttll ai sheranotdgil Ww rstsinian, 
eid enw ouroi ale aw) oll of -bagilde map 
walt at a ov nod bul dt alt. 
cimesd ote seat emooleiniciog ot ” 
gaiwollot ot gomtoetersaut red al Ab 

Se@st 


404 


. THE EXILES 


anecdote is related :—“Some Protestant ministers, 
representing to John Frederic, the Elcctor of 
Saxony, that the Emperor had prohibited them 
from entering his kingdom, he asked if they were 
also prohibited from entering the kingdom of 
heaven? On their answering in the negative, he 
said, ‘ Well, then, there is nothing to fear! be 
comforted !’ ” 

George Martius, the minister of Beiersdorf near 
Zwickau, was also an exile. He had been expelled 
from Klingenhart in 1628, and afterwards from 

Eger. On the conquest of the latter town by the 

Saxon troops, whom he had accompanied as chap- 

lain, he delivered a thanksgiving sermon in the 
parish church. But the retaking of the town by 
the imperial gencral Holk, of course, obliged him 
to flee with his family. He was a native of Asch, 
where he found a home with the Protestant minister, 
J. Engelhardt, and there enjoyed the instruction 
of the eminent scholar Wolfgang Bodenschatz. 
After his ordination in Baireuth, he was, under 
various persecutions, the minister of Klingenhart 
from 1622 to 1628. Jor six years he led an un- 
settled life with his family, living as tutor and as 
organist at Brambach, then preacher at Eger. 
Returning again to Brambach, in 1633, he obtained 
the living of Beiersdorf near Zwickau. A son by 
his third wife became at last his curate for fifteen 
years, and he died in the 88rd year of his age, 
hiehly esteemed as a literary man, and for his 
ministerial labours, in which he was succeeded by 
his son, grandson, and great-grandson. 

Jacob Scherzer, formerly syndic of Leitmeritz, 
was also among the learned fugitives at Eger. He 


Seeds an eee 


ke on aa 
cpt aeneabe bites 2s caiate Each: Ranta Ree a asses 88s: aR 


nse Aa Loa 


fans Sh keh a aS CS 


tidercaoel bane 
eT 
unit eel 
Ainaeeete 


te a A A 


exdaee SUT a 
eoninion iain snot *— hotalen at-aobovas 
to toto 60) whebor'll lol) @ ogueseige, 
mais jetilifowg baal seremgint al dat yoonte 
wae yout Vi beden ail vrobpatd ald quitaag wot 
Yo suobatid «43 gaimdan sooth denididony cals 


(steer sb wine eS ee | 
7 mates 


dase Weliasisll Ya wstaliien ool pote oyxeO | 

balioges mad Agi off -aliee sta woke eww nadoiwS | 

wwii. alxpwendee tan 222 ab Fimdangnil at aot 

eli. ed nwot-wolrel onlt Yo tesparne alt OO aval. 

~qiiis ee tetrronproyse boda gnarl ganar nen, 

edt ni nowitie -quivtgediualy, » Inewelinls od gata, 

qil mevot odd ‘in quan wilt toll doneyls larg, ~ 

mil fegiide sewed 16 dioll: lrg Vetxng ent vel 

‘deak. to mekton: a avn oll, oelianal ail vel aolh ol 

crptelnint taatenion malt daie-omadl & damdl off samba 

ioitantdent ode Layali viqlt haw tbwallepadl 4 

stotsnnbotl gangie!. sleds sui odt ba 

dolow aw od tinoriatl ui avitwalian. ell wild, « 

pailasquild Ye wotoirinn tlt HHOTDOeI,  eNOltay, : 

aur oe bol od-auerg.za eT 2501 et BERL eof 
5 
" 


av how woud ea guivil geticoll aid iw iL boltion 
soe ta todowryy sods slosdownll te rinogto 
houisida oh BHOL ui toadererh ob paired 
(not A .oslviw’ rion roberoiatl- te gaival ode 
fogtt} ob otmuy 4d aaal te onnood diy el i 
age wid loo navy tn8 old ai. bei uit Dim jeveoy 
did not hon ont “cunoti) 2 en boatoaden, ybhyit 
vl hehongone aw od abvuly at eomodel lotetelaio, 
7 -iuabmgetaoty bow norlenry joo Bah 
Simutial jo olla yhoo peers Fr - 
of ctogtl in eveithyt-bomvesl. oft goorte cule 


a 


AT JOHANNGEORGENSTADT. 405 


first suffered imprisonment, and was afterwards 
forced to flee. In 1629, after being severely ques- 
tioned by the commissioners, he was imprisoned 
and threatened to be conveyed to Vienna. When at 
last they expelled him, he went with his family 
(among whom was his infant son, afterwards the 
celebrated divine, J. A. Scherzer,) into the district 
of Baireuth, where he died in 1666. 

Johann-georgen Stadt, a town of the Saxon 
mineral mountains, was founded in 1654 by exiles, 
whom Ferdinand II. had expelled from Platten and 
Gottesgabe, two little towns which formerly be- 
longed to the domain of Schwarzenberg. John 
George, Elector of Saxony, gave them the ground 
whereon to build the town, which they called by his 
name. Much activity was displayed in its erection 
by the exile Oelschlagel from Platten; who also 
was the first burgomaster of this little town, where 
his portrait is still to be seen. In 1654 several 
exiles arrived from Neudeck, Aberdam, and Bernigen 
in Bohemia. Among others Kilian Epperlein from 
Platten, whence he had been expelled in 1663, 
came to this place. During the persecution of the 
Protestant church he might have acquired riches 
and honour, if he would but have changed his reli- 
gion. But he left Platten and his establishment, 
and, trusting in God, went to Johann-georgen 
Stadt. He was numbered among the exile founders 
of this town, of which he became a member of the 
council, and judge. 

The town Johstadt was also the refuge of 
some outcasts. Daniel Nebentrost, minister of that 
place, in 1697, was son of George Nebentrost, 
minister of Platten, who was a native of Annabere. 


cc eee ts 


—— 


ee 


erp coe 


= _ 


gob 16 APE RTO AEMAMOL a - 


strmweotin exw tinge seiseetnonbhalt ha 3 
-eoitps ylawves ‘uli odin QSL al” 
trecarownveyamnl exw wot nsraashinyn ily | 
Je tel TF errno? 0s borprmntea wl ot T oot | bien 
elingdt uid dai newe of talingap- onl 
salt vite coe nti ai exw y azole gyonia) 
att oat Comraty® 0. oalvib beteulstos 
M01 op foil ad owe snsstall Yo 


eee “els fo ave « shew segtoog-wnadol 


dolige qd BOOT at hold eae 2alatauons leroniae 
bee weil mit botlogrs taal ST bawalbw't gol 
ad hort ibatw suwat obit ows worden 

niol .grelnarawibe Yo wienioh vidt of bognel 
bunorg alt méit) ovex .ynoge TW torosll pyieuh) 
ail yal Bolla quails _dloidw ,nwor alt blind oF govuulie 
motos eff wi hovaldeily aew yiivitns dowld oon 
cale wilw temtiel wort logithdaaleO sie alt yd 
wwilw sowor olttl silt To wenemguil dev odd cow 


‘Aeron BOOT ol ursse gif or itite af 7 wil 


noyiaell bee arabe A Sb wee by 

svell alobogg lt nail ero yoo Monell «i 
BOOT ni beilloges sod tt od ooitaibe srutall 
silt Io noinoeisty oY noire soaly GHN3 od mexuany 
wrloit heerinpon oved jdyin od Morcity 38 vd 
eilov eld Bogie oveil ud hvow ed ogod bua 
a wid “hare box fol sd iol .noig 
 WeYTON- tn Wo lnow gitiatrad hs 
@tebanal olin ot yrorme Peril B, off *Nhae 
off lo wiluran 6 ononed ad fatdw oO avrod ees te 


te saiter mile oale aayr ame sen oa 


mili lo eodedatior daoritinds ts lobawtl 
| > Cypecertn: 


nleniAl We viii a ee 


oe 


406 THE EXILES 


The latter was born there in 1577, and for two 
years, was the minister of Dobritzschei and Nesch- 
witz. Three years he was an exile in Pressnitz and 
Annaberg; then he was for thirty-two years the 
minister of Johstadt, where he suffered much during 
the war, and in the plague he lost seven children 
in the short period of four weeks. He died in 1657, 
on the same day on which he had, fifty-eight years 
before, commenced his clerical duties in Bohemia, 
aged 80 years. 

In Buchholz, near Annaberg, Albert Leutenbeck, 
an expelled pastor from Bohemia, in 1621, was 
appointed schoolmaster, but, in 1634, he became 
minister of the place. 

The town of Altenbere, in 1622, became the 
refuge of several Protestants from Prague. Here 
Luther was burnt in efligy, in 1522, but soon 
afterwards the inhabitants embraced the Protestant 
faith. The exile John Roth, became deacon of the 
town In 1625. 

Of Wiesenthal, it is stated, that a persecution on the 
borders in 1650, was so great, that every Protestant 
was forced to sacrifice all his property, and flee 
from Bohemia. During the thirty years war, these 
mountaineers used the hidden parts of the forests 
as churches, and the trees as their altars, in the 
same manner as was done in 1625, by the secret 
Protestants of Bohemia. One of the inhabitants of 
Wiesenthal, in 1626, was Michael Rohdorfer, an 
exile from Lubitz, who had in a wonderful manner 

escaped from the enemies of our religion, with his 
wife and seven children. Several exiled noblemen also 
were then residing at Wiesenthal; anda Countess of 
Hauenstien living at Annabere, with a pious noble- 


leis eee eaiasal 


sci Lu wet ln i ae 


suet. 


ecietnn ta ak La ARE AIEEE i a RI 


ccna Md Mal tt a A oe eS 


 oale notiellod belle dasy94 arothlide aves bee dliw © _ 


eure” nar ding 4 : 
owt 6) bna XTOT al snotlt avd! aw torte Od oe 
«toes! Brin tatoos tive “Yo cnateindeny fll caw eteey 
bin eave) al olieo ne sw if ainay ooT! alle 
ott ercing cuwteytidt wil wm adh amd ¢ graduaaly » | 
girtialy dearer bowie col eevaaliy otlanetaT, Yo penetra | 
esnbliity, goes test ad sargeby otht wk ban anew opt out 
ABT A beth oll saloave wot Vo hate senabe sult ak, | a 
zuer{ higio-udlit asl of dine mx gal oot add ao | 
ginmdo ai elivd Tastels dd houses soled 
, eng 08 hope 

dipdintent nodiA yredounA ie SlaiideoG of 
dew ,{S0! oi atawdull mod ole bollsgze ne 
garnoad off A251 af tod siencilotaies beoralogqa 

ie esol wilt Yo etait 
oft sored SOD ath_ansdootlA To mwot-odT : 
eoH .tugerd nove actedorl lymvas Jo epilot 
noo tod SOSr ni Yyuiile uf toied ew godted) 
ineteotor'T ealt hoon elotideds ade deewolta 7 
od) Woyoomeb’ ernest boll wilel alee oll lth © 

i “ager ni inwed at : 

silt no moet onetor, 9 todd lintete ad oF LevTnenaet'¥/ VO : 
nee yore teil) teeny 08 ciew ODT ni exolriod | 
wot bat yyrenjory all Ma goltivene ob head aw 
wad! row stacy eitirte cdl? gol ~cetoeloll moth i 


sdf of ewile vied! an esx of? Ken pedo ee 
soe olf yd BENE ni onob enw ee vem oom” 
‘Yo ansilintal otto an eterntlofl Wo aantestort i 
vig ible felt er OE ai Saini Wo « : 
vodnane Iyttotwed o ui bel ody sided erot aliza 
eld slatw rolgiliy ven to elarens edt anet} haqieam! 


oli = 
Segal biter yeild cae 


Yoriatene’y whee ffadtist¥ am | 
valdow avolg & thw \gpeilani Avan gaivil wnisaudinde 


| 
| 
i 
| 
| 


AT WEISENTHAL. 407 


man from Bohemia supplied seven Saxon children 
at Weisenthal, with new clothes; a proof that the 
earlier refugees managed to take some of their pro- 
perty with them. One of the exiles was John 
Christoph Moyses, who had been town-clerk of 
Zchoppa, and had lived as a conscientious lawyer at 
Joachimsthal. When expelled from that place, with 
many others, in 1650, he took great pains by his 
writings and intercessions, to obtain from the Dict 
of Nurnberg, a free exercise of religion in the 
said town. He was extremely grieved for his 
country when all his endeavours proved unsuccess- 
ful, as may be seen from his various beautiful 
‘*Carminibus.”” He studied much, was often in 
prayer, and led a retired and pious life. The 
historian Lehmann refers to his ‘ Collectanea,”’ 
particularly the “’Tomus moralis de Exulibus.” 
Should this manuscript yet be discovered, it would 
afford abundant materials for a history of the anti- 
reformation. 

Not being far from some districts of Bohemia, 
the Saxon Voigtland was also visited by exiles. 
In Klingenthal, especially, we find several musical- 
instrument makers, who are descendants of Bohe- 
mian outcasts. Some mountaineers also fled thither 
for refuge, and the emigrants succeeded at last, in 
1648, in establishing a chureh. Christoph Dorftel, 
the superintendent of Oclsnitz in the Voigtland, was 
also an exile. 

The town of Wittemberg itself was visited 
by many of the exiles, and there they met with 
ereat sympathy. Among the divines, was the 
above named John Hertwiz, who was expelled from 
Prague, with the rest of, the clerey,.an,1621. (He 


serympl-aualiaennege 2 ah en ENN 
gil yl maing iere dows od ONT oi eralte ysnion 


- toliza yd dudiete ole eon basdrginY ones orl 


{0b AMTngalAW TA 
eblile nonee ives bollyyecatacuilot 
oily imdt You » oestltols @xacdatwest 
wy tivily To cutee oded ot benaneum aogier | 
milok sew aslies ade do gat) domes diy gia, 
Wy dilewwed soa feel odet geeyol dyos 


'* 


i 


ail eds set nied oF poveemsiotad bus egoiinee 
mit at vista: to seinmes o@f go gyrodeuil , to 
aid sot hevoivg yloounies eow sik .awot bine 
sewer Lavo etoovanles wat Maule. cians 
iti enonsy cid rod cog_od yom an lat 
ni silo ony jouer. boibote ol “amie 
ott All eoory few bite & bah bos cory 
“mnkemlia ” ail dt ewer, unaadel aatzotvisl 
“wodiiuxd ab atlevom svarel” ada ¢halvoleay 
bivew 3. devtovoor! bh, od dog tqiewinm ails Livod& 
saw ot Jo qproteal o 20) eloreieo Iteheuds Inolte: - 

Hoduuarrdlss 


ola 


aitnmlodl to.gtortui ono ane awh goied 20% 


elemiewes ree Lod ow ,lloigoqeadlasdaigail A al 
-ito Ww simolanowb one ose 1 door tient 
wouide bof offs ewanintanoat suo  ignotue suiee 
nt Jel ds bobudsone eter yi ade ban segeiton rod 
JsDs60 govindD lovode « gabletihetys ai BbO1 
eow ,baaltgioY adi ni szinelo to saubimtaieguaeed) 
hetecy cow Vor qed to aod ofl 

dig tun gods aeult ox, golizs ot Yo yaom gt 
ails sev Buel, sack. gets 
exon Luolloqas amir ode ssivetyolL 


vominile adt goon stage among | 
wit S801 nd prqwaleadt, to. it mer a | af 


40 


ea) 


THE EXILES 

remained in Wittemberg ten years, until he. was 
appomted preacher to the exiles, in Dresden. The 
frequently named Samuel Martini remained two 
years in ‘Luthers-town,’ where he received much 
kindness, but where ‘he had also the misfortune to 
lose his wife, and was left with three children. 


His equally exiled father-in-law having taken the . 


children under his care, he went as tutor, with four 
young Bohemian Barons, Kaplirz de Sulowitz, to 
Holland, France, and England, where he both 
gained considerable experience, and received great 
honour. He then returned to his family at Wittem- 
berg, but was soon chosen by the congregation of 
exiles at Pirna, as their pastor; permission to hold 
public service, in the Bohemian language, having 
previously been granted by the Elector of Saxony. 

George Holyk also went from Bohemia by the 
way of Zittau to Wittemberg. Here he gained the 
esteem of the most influential and most celebrated 
divines, Abraham Calovius and Samuel Benedict 
Carpzov. 

Not a few of the banished preachers were called 
in Saxony to new and honourable posts; owing 
partly to their being natives of Saxony, and partly 
to their great oratorical talents, and deep erudition ; 
sometimes, perhaps, also to christian sympathy. 

During the thirty years war, several gained a 
subsistence as military chaplains, recommended 
probably by the Protestant Bohemian noblemen, 
who were serving as officers in the Swedish armies. 

The Book of Persecutions expressly mentions 
the province of Brandenburg, in the Prussian ter- 
ritorics, as a place of refuge for the exiles. But 
the Bohemian congreeation at Berlin was formed 


ote 5 A eR tl 


idan shane 


se atbAS Hain Saas LAloliht 


jatuesem setae 


rsd ms Mae abnanio 
mers eceeh io nins ha nnnmnniinmminsinseisi eaaiineananste aah ie 


sdeeediS Gatval walenlovnlid bolts espn ae 


‘hotenlohs ote iow biesiiel powell ines | 


~1or theiaeorT ot of ygradiobret Yo conivony od 
WEE rabies: aabe td nguboe “18 Rae ag Se 4 


ae ae ’ ‘a 
sev at Tit Auer, ae gradaannl, are] | 
alt oben] ol colivoceds od todeneny Lada 
cut bonioune trirwh( fora dmuen oyltnenpeth. 


Hour insvienat od weedy ‘yeredortieliont taf ef. a 
a} ornate oft nolo Coal ol come sod: 2teythucl — 7 


wwlida ods fie dish ape Dine gotiw ald anpl.- f 


dwt iw ray eo tow od wr ad whan renblade 
ositvolue ob wihyed anol avtmedell ynoy 
ind ad ore AamlyoD how araer'd haviloll 
ters havleadt hug jsenvizeqya ablowmbiincos, baniep. 
tee! tayo oil on bowtie cod oll carrargl 
1d soliegeryoos ali wl oxeadls goes eaw td ayo 
bled od unieeierrsty ptoteng hl eo oor ao erties | 
ital oqurgual atsloll uli ak gotvior aildga | 
feed lototedd off yal botany and ylenalgnny 
mi ed wimodoll mot sasw cate Agboll oqravt): 
oi} louley oto .giodamnil! ai won lo yew, 


= 


jotteupll form bow evivolaS- orden A conivibd- 

. e sau 
botles maw ecilaneaq bodetrad oilt Yo wal a 10 
guiwe peteoq sidénwonod bee wat on yhome, af , 
vinsiy hem ,yaonee! ty soviten guisd tel op mq 


jnoliuns qoob lire taste? Lositetier deg tiadt o8-- 
colaqnrye muitzhuls of ola qadtieg jeomitemoy-— 

| 

: 


e bonis, Teme saw emnoy yrilt odd grin ~ 
fohnommoagt’ jsritnlyads yrntiliar eh ssuateiilae’ 

yameldon noturlod tastwiotl ade yd yid 

oti dethow# oil) nl ernie 2n gaivrsé grow ony . 
anole ylmoupra anvitiiere) Ye Yoo ualT : 


hom snw uted tn Wahteysr tos tigre eee 


: = 


a ee 


SRE RCRA POT 


. 
ere ER RTT NY 


IN PRUSSIA. AY 


in the century after the reign of Ferdinand I], 
Those, therefore, who emigrated to that place, 
belonged entirely to the later exiles, the so-called 
“new Bohemians,” already described when speaking 
of the exile congregation in Upper Lusatia. The 
Berlin community consisted of those exiles who had 
emigrated from Gerlachsheim, and also of those 
who were dissatisfied at Grosshennersdorf near 
Zittau, and at Zittau itself, whence two hundred 
and fifty individuals emigrated in 1732, because 
they objected to the Lutheran form of worship, to 
the use of the host, tapers, the crucifix, church- 
images, and the sign of the cross. Besides, there 
began to be a want of accommodation at Gross- 
hennersdorf, and the preacher Liberda consoled 
them with the hope of another settlement. This 
Liberda went personally, with eight deputies, to 
King Frederic William, at Potsdam, from whom 
they received a friendly audience, and a promise to 
permit sedate and orderly people to settle in his 
kingdom ; after he should have appealed in their 
behalf to the imperial court. This, his good will, 
was prematurely circulated in Bohemia, which led 
the people to hope that the King would send an 
army into that country, in order to add greater 
weight to his intercessions at the imperial court. 
Man willingly believes whatever he desires; they, 
therefore, ventured, in various parts of the country, 
to have a public Evangelical service ; but the imperial 
soldiers soon dispersed or imprisoned these secret 
Protestants, and some, because they did not abjure 
their heresy, suffered nearly ten years imprisonment. 

The exiles of Grosshennersdorf were the more 
hasty in departing, as, besides shelter and pro- 


tb caneaNe ME 


H taniie’l to aaign pdt itona ica : 
souly fe ot beuegine ody ele eandlt 
Waliea-cr oilt eliza oll edacay yhseHow Kegnoled 
aitidanye senly bodinsesh yhoo” atatendoll wom ™ 
nh aise amg Dai romp olbeo “add Yo 


er teeniaeh ae tena oa 
becliunt ows oonaly Vesti mand an bow’ west 
‘omuazod OTL wi hoteliers atowtite (Ivnt vit baw 
ot yldiiow Wo arch nevedanl sift ot hatvajdo. volt 
sles zHlows alt ergot teed od Vo oor oft 
erli eohisotl aaa oli jo agla mbt bo gel 
muni da nolebormansn to ti a! od at rorged 
boloauoy aliedid wedousry add hon Avolietepriodd 
att danmwitios toms te eqod’ ody iw els 
of 2sidnqeh thgio diiw ,yllevonieq dusw abrodkt - 
mikes woth smabetoth jon uel otehot? yall 
wt debavertg his wonibes ylbioivts boview “cout 
cil ni olitee ot olgoty vitsiiw buw otahed 4 
tid ai belsoqys ovad bloods ott safe ; aba 
; Mive borg aid ail .t10 taitoeyma’ wild Of Maiod 
bol doidw ,ctowwlotl 11 Batel aorta. ‘Ceuntemny nave 
ne bose hlvow guid odd twly sol ‘or — 
soiaety bbe of sabi ui oetuues ted) oot yore 
Anon Isitequtt ods te anoieesomtt sid) 03 adgiow 
sqatlt jenieob ad aovatcdy seveited yiguilfiw aaM 
Jeitudoo wilt To atay evemur nf bordauy ordterods 
- luivoqari ot ind jpoivi9e luologune sl oilduque'evad og 
i duroos asad boitosdsqui wy hekwyelh mone axaiblon 
ainishe Jon bil qo) oentand amtoe bie stadia 
huonenoerr ett etnay, 1199 anor bavi tiodt 
“som oil) pow 


: ony bat ee gts Par ei 


’ 7 
sh bd 


410 THE EXILES 


tection, they had also the promise of pecuniary aid. 
They were joined by some exiles of Zittau, whose 
departure was gladly witnessed by that town, on 
account of their Calvinistic principles. Like the 
Salzburg emigrants, their departure commenced 
with two waggons, and forty-eight wheel-barrows 
for their effects, and also for the children and the 
invalids, and it proceeded from Hennersdorf on 
the 10th of September, 1732. These emigrants 
were welcomed at Gorlitz with presents and refresh- 
ments, and here they remained a week in order to 
procure the necessary passports from Dresden. 
The purport of which was, that as emigrants, who 
merely sought to improve their condition, they were 
permitted to proceed, that they should cross the 
border in detached parties,and that they would not be 
allowed to return again toSaxony. In Cottbus, also, 
the people would willingly have given thema friendly 
reception, but the commandant’s report to the court 
produced an unfavourable answer, the King of 
Prussia having, since his first permission, been pre- 
judiced aguinst them; they were consequently refused 
admittance into his kingdom, and were obliged to 
wander about the borders during the cold and wet of 
the autumn and winter. The towns Drebkau and 
Calau, however, had compassion on them. Several 
of them returned to Saxony, and some were, never- 
theless, permitted to enter Berlin, where they arrived 
singly, and in a destitute condition. They received 
alms and employment; and the King, whose atten- 
tion had been drawn to their probity, also assisted 
them. Contemplating the enlargement of Berlin, 
he granted them some building materials, and 
ground in Williams-street, and even permitted 


i niece et as da 


3 


aS.te5 vat ny n : i, 1 : 
bie yrreiectteed “Yo ooliterney tld ie bela eae = 
cecal er Wit ta colin annuity gal hagio, ore Yotl - .. 
do ynwie Saikt ed lonatenti, actly sive oemteaigel 5 


Yo util old yrowans us anas tos aa 
ni nand ynoiedlarseg teil ald souie. quivml vier’ by 
Leeuiony asuposnies vi9w ould cxaoalt ennai gh haeraihagry, 

of lngilda oiow bya ysrolrgeial all otad 2ouationbe 

\o dow bag Livy aii gail awabiod oli doods Fr 
Han rwnddoxd. sewos ofl totakw bee crnutog odd 
luv teal) po obenqnoo bad ole) . 
“HOVE tI nmiue bas .KMOeee Ob Iyourparion fivady lo ; 
bovis yor? exo yailiotl roles ot hottie »obelt 
boviesst Yad .nolitlumo oputites sani fuse octyeia 
notte aoe «Quik wilt bar; wonrgolyat Inte a 
fotaiaan cela \wtidowy till Of awe, Hae 

silva Yo necapgpaane oul) yottalesti 
bas alalwdans. nd pss teow! 
fetiiowny nove tiie -gooude-aatllis 


= 
a ? = S> 2S at ———— 
“f 


x 


IN BERLIN. 411 


them to erect a place of worship, which they called 
the Bethlehem church, after the name of the cele- 
brated Hussite chapel. This church was founded 
in 1735, and consecrated in 1737. Their arrival 
at Berlin was investigated by the court of 
Vienna; but they were permitted to remain. They 
were also assisted from distant quarters, and soon 
became tolerably comfortable; but they still felt, 
what they considered a heavy trial, the absence of 
their preacher Liberda. 

On his return from the Berlin journey to Gross- 
hennersdorf, he was made amenable to the law; 


‘for it was then a great crime to lead people out 


of the country; and the authorities of Grosshen- 
nersdorf were obliged to arrest him. He was tried 
in the courts of Budissin and Dresden; and as a 


heretic, and promoter of emigration, was sentenced. 


to the Waldheim house of correction. In vain was 
the intercession of the Prussian ambassador, in vain 
every ingenious device for his liberation. He was 
kept close prisoner at Dresden, in the Konigstein, 
and also at Waldheim itself. He escaped, however, 
to Berlin on the 18th of August, in company 
of the turnkey. The celebrated Daniel Ernst 
Jablonsky, who was a grandson of the well-known 
Komensky, or Comenius, had, in the meantime, 
been preacher to the colony at Berlin. In 1737 
Liberda resumed this office, which he held until 
his death, which occurred in 1742, when on a 
journey to Saxony. The next preacher of this 
Bohemian community was Augustus Schulz. He 
also preached in the colony of Ricksdorf near Berlin, 
and at Nowaves, or Bohmish-Neudorf, near Pots- 
dam. But they were not permitted to have a divine 


aor GE Hah. wenn tates meet 


errowod dhaqnoes oF Meeil tniailiileW tw oole-ban 
Yauqnoo nt waugaA Vo 2l odd Go ait og 


iib © jetceniee ex ee : 
balla yoult slide qifetowe'to’ toate oF ined 


~ahoo ott Yo era ‘ode pita ploy a 
fobavet sew dytnds ei? Syqmls oth bated 
levivrs siodT TEAL of htterenes hoo AES. at 
io Fw odt vd botepievent enn ttlfroél ta 
qh on of horiaveeq Stew qoull tod; oansi¥ 
brian Teor 


Abt Hae yals tout; ohlwtebare yldatolor paved 
to waked oil? him evita @ leersbienoy gailt tod 
pest witeertg tiekt 
seam) ot romutet milvetl oils ane atin: aif nO - 
iwal alt of oldeoscre oho sew od Sohemanul 
100 shy beet or suk teva a ned) enw di 20° 
sneer Yo wsitivatton ole be ; etew09 oft do 
bobdt enw oH uinid Merrte of bagiide view hobema 
# an bos .,tohent) bun nieibrll W eu oie si 
houtsties saw jnoitersioare ‘to semen bro siierad 
ow niet tl noitsatieo to ssued mindblaW ads 3 
niev gt (roloraete inte T oft Yo noleeeratat ody 
ror oH .noltemdil etd et nivah anoinrgni yave 
MisteyinsA ot wi wohl te wndein solo aqsd 


wind Iiacd borenisiy ot? oko adi Yo 
muord-low odt Yo nosbmrry a dew orlee sy denoldal. 
sruiinasm ad) at shot puitomeD to ,y trismod 
Seti nl .wiletl da yaolos adt-or wilsustq ased 
fitew bled of dont: sso silt henroest abr 
aso only St! ni bree Whhhe yheeb aid 
allt Yo aodomng sur od pnoxse of ‘yoo 
oH. wludoS eattewet A ene Sina tern Sere 
Hil wee hoheloit ‘to grolosed? 1 bodonoty, 


TIS, 


412 THE EXILES 


service quite according to their mode of thinking at 
Berlin, neither was there any want of controversics, 
on the breaking of the bread, &e. 

‘About 1750 the Bohemian community at this 
town, consisted of one hundred and fifty families, or 
five hundred individuals. They had also a Bohemian 
Hymn-book, and a Bohemian New Testament was 
printed at Berlin in 1824. Some of them at last 
joined the Lutheran congregations, others became 
Herrnlhuters. The much esteemed author, and 
German-Reformed Lutheran minister, J. G. Elsner, 
was their preacher in 1745, to whose exertions we 
owe an old German translation of the Book of 
Persecutions. Their preacher, at the beginning of 
this century, was Mr. Janike, so much esteemed for 
his great zeal in the Missionary cause; at present 
they have the respected Mr. Gossner, a convert 


from the church of Rome. 


The province of Silesia was also among the terri- 
tories, where the exiles sought a place of refuge. 
At the time of the Bohemian anti-reformation, it 
was under the imperial dominion, and treated with 
ereat severity by the commissioners and their mili- 
tary assistants ; yet there was a reasonable prospect 
of security in the duchy of Brieg, then under pro- 
tection of its Duke John Christian. 

In the middle of the 17th century some Bohemian 
exiles lived at Adelsdorf and Leysersdorf in the 
principality of Liegnitz. The last named place was 
the residence of the exiled minister Tiburius Sancti, 
and of the astronomer Adam Stransky. The next 
pastor of the exiles at Leysersdorf, among whom 
ereat dissension then prevailed, was Wenzel Tobiades. 
The orders of the authorities were, that the preacher 


F ineeine 


~ an gaidaldi Yo bons aod eeu 
qesnchor rede Yo tne qo wrod ere 


aairan nuwT. 


ceuliioet 
ot band alte pide ah wo 


2 “~hull Ja qian aatemdot! sdf Oat t- woth 


70 sniliml va bee lotbund oad te hyteenog ,cwol 


eee alin 6 eet 


jead Su aia Yo one, 2921 vt pill te 
sraad stalin anoltegegtoo minoifiual alt be 
hoa sodium betes doum off at 
oul) 1 setter aasdint bouretetanartgl) 
on endtwmen sedi of OLTL Hi tvigerng thot ww 


Yo tool odt to. woitalet nie) blo an owe 


Jo yaimaraed alt to etloeeng isd T ennittoomery lL 
7A boarssten lover ow Saliodl Mi eaw stanton aids, 
trom 28 peeiay premoleMM ont st 5 Laue dawry ved 
hovieos @ goat) Mi hatooqeot oft. ownl yout 
womelt to doweds.odf croft 
-hrot odt yrome vale ane okealif Yo manivery oT 
syulet To sowhy af thqnos asline set gnoilw yaizot ~ 
tt ooitarioly-ihgs nelamdoll ot Yo omit ott tA 
iw botow? bow retain) leivaqmt odatohow anew 


, aa 
i) 


2 
> 
~~. 


- 


-itien todd bus etoqoieaintenss oilsogd pioyse uaa | 


taicqeony oldiiioens: enw vind? toy ; atmateiaen x6) 
“ori ‘ebay not? gotitl lo veda that eel og 
weenie —_ a wii to ie 


IN SILESIA. 413 


should be conversant in both the Bohemian and the 
German languages, that he should be a member of 
the Augsburg confession, and have passed an exami- 
nation in the consistory court at Liegnitz. The 
exiles, also, were to acquire a knowledge of the 
German language. This Tobiades had been deacon 
of St. Nicolas in the Kleinsite of Prague, and died 
in 1671, sixty-six years after his ordination, in his 
96th year. 

That Protestants had more toleration in Silesia 
than in Bohemia, is evident from the fact, that 
Nicolas Smotlach, who had been accused at Pred- 
merschitz, near Konigingratz, of being a secret 
Protestant, and of reading the scriptures, was, in 
consideration of his general good conduct, merely 
sentenced to sell his house, and remove to Silesia. 
In 1713 he went to Neudorf near Oels. 

It is, however, well known, that there was little 
religious liberty for Protestants in Silesia, while 
this province was under the government of Austria, 
unless they enjoyed the special protection of some 
reigning Duke; that churches had to be built for 
them on the borders of Lusatia, and that permission 
to build a Protestant church at Hirschberg, could 
only be purchased with an immense sum of money. 

Several exiles had preferred going to a greater 
distance, in a north-eastern direction, into the dis- 
tricts of Thorn, Dantzig, and Konigsberg. The | 
Book of Persecutions states, that God had raised 
them up some gencrous bencfactors, and mentions 
especially Prince Christopher Radzivil. Near 


‘Thorn they obtained a place which had been 


destroyed by the Croatians. To this place among 
others came the celebrated Dr. Borbonius, who 


Bib Ata: Kl & 
wilt bew anietndoll oils dod prapalaiincn porter 
Yo vodawor « nil Sdewile-od 

-inmaxe 11h Dosen o7aih bran wneleadtnnce yyrucdagods tt 
ody .ntergeid aa: roerysontieton ot isola 
oli ‘te opbalword © ethopoe Of maw hie peair 
avec: dead bel elute’ t antl 


egaargact eens) 
chai tate Sayer Vo ctiaieoth sla nd ealonttl 32 Wo 


eid of rinituiilne ail awihe ermay ah exin AVOT at 
_ tig 00 

euolid al velawlet voor bod stcuansaior. takT 
ats pad ols cro Goive 2b tinedeti ah tends 
abirth tn toauro0 cool Lid odlve plealtoar® aelaniA 
(riese # guiod Wo wdlranigiod spon ,stidowsa 
nl 2ow purwdyrre sll solhee. “Wi” have dtmteniond 
tioiar powtunon boo Lomomg ait Wy molunyblesoo ~ 
umaoli? of aveoy bin Seaod wid thee leoasinae 
loO inon bobust%, of toew ad ROT1 wl 

aloil eew voy tod) aowond Low poegwort i al 
alidw aleoli@ git etneotorl nt gamdil sooigtior 
widen A To teoeinovop'oiy v4bay eave sonivony etd, 
pines to stabtoniong Jaipmye orld tevzojea yout eeolaw - 
sh alival oct 08 lina! sochvrindsdadd 4 plea: 


eoirons to. ctue oateainccith sa sli oeusksrang ad ‘lao 
soteorg 8 of yriog hansen load: 
ih odt olni ,aviioni)y wolsny- dren a ai ouateb 
odtT + piodegioi A bin yictea(h evel Yo 
boaker hook Dold oadt zone anultapsreh To. 
araitiorm inva roddtarrad OU sO? iy 
wot. jwielnt wilqontd? oath gil 
ond Sud oid soulg a lypniande youte 


wil aubnodeot fh. ean ol 


v 


eer ere rn TIS SEAS TSB BT re Ke getttbionenns 


a apres ESS 


eae 


ai4 THE EXILES 


had been one of the emigrants at Zittau, but whose 
departure from that place was witnessed with much 
pleasure, because he entertained Calvinistic prin- 
ciples.* He was engaged as physician by the King 
of Poland, where he died at an advanced age,f in 
1629. The celebrated historian Paul Stransky was 
another extraordinary mau, who went to Thorn. 

In 1732 the King of Prussia repeated his willing- 
ness to receive the persecuted Protestants; among 
the immigrants were some exiles of Salzburg, who 
were permitted to found Neusalzburg ; and the state 
thereby gained just such an increase of population 
as it formerly obtained by the reception of the 
Huguenots, who were so cruelly persecuted in 
France. 

In Nurnberg, the exiles found a very warm friend 
in the reverend Mr. Saubert, and the celebrated 
Valentin calls this town “the exiles’ refuge, where 
they met with the noblest hospitality.” The Jesuits 
have strongly declaimed against the reception of 
so many Austrian Protestants into the town of 
Nurnberg. 

Fabian Nathus,} professor of Oriental languages, 
and one of the four Lutheran ministers expelled from 
Prague, lived at Braunschweig, and his colleague, 
Sigismund Scherez was superintendent of Lineburg. 

A great number of exiles, says the Book of Perse- 
cutions, was protected by the Duke of Culmbach 
and the Margrave of Baireuth. Even the Palatinate 


* See page 369. 

+ It is very remarkable how frequently we hear of the great 
age to which the exiles attained. We have already noticed 
several instances. 

t See pages 32, 33. 


~, 


Qrwatn jeiinteslin'h batunverey ols ovivas: Of maa. 4 


‘Homan iw heseadiw enw oonig 


aes BHD Mh 
owoikw dud joctiX an «junprgiie oft to 20 aed bac 


-plig sinineviaG bewiarodes etl waeanond yemnealg, 
gal A cilt yd antobweily as bogenae ene ght | Paslgia 
nl Vaan basmovhe ae tw boil od wredw ,baslod to 

sorte yaloeeng ds Aaa'l dviuetle peterneilan, Ce 


~yoilliw all Losinuepr eh Pret. ab fest al) * 


odwapttiduin® ‘uv collzy cmos ae etmmryiasei od 
atets ods ber ; woedsisany'% bevel of besser eee 
sottalueon ‘lo usserroal na thoue seu{ Lemay yoda 
gilt do... noir qaost oilt ql. boride giaamen Jb 48... 
ni leteanetq vile a ox oder gtonguyull 

| - fered 


braid ore you're bawdt apliza ol) cymdwo4 al 
hoterdulso alt baw shraduct, ° basmecen oft ot 
otoly agulin ‘colle ale qwog, sidi alley alinola 
HineslLod? “.gyilotiqeost teoldon odtdiive doen quilt, 
We noltyoot alt reateye bowiialyeh Ylyoowe vepil 
Yo. nwot sdi ctni eteaisiorT npituA yan o8 
: prt A 
eoquuyittl LetuvieO to soamdlerg audi auil yf 
mol hulloqas suaviniat aotrlin sue} odd-to ane berg 
ougrellie slit has gin!yuuel ty hovil ,wergert 
dguidawihd 19 dupbastninoque sew sroulo, henaretgi, 
eT to dool) old eye gelize lower seog A... 
Homlario) Yo wtutl gilt gt borate enw waoltup 
mackinisl wd? wed  alaucuiall toe prygualé welt bap. 


- de 

bao wilt Yo tat 4nd yllemeiparl wail vldaduomee yee at , D's 

Levlion “yhaoste eral aM vbonintix allie ety ibibw on aga 
Pa : eid aajuateni 


ead liresrse 
ee CR a aS he Ge 


eet AAT ara HOR ey 


a a a a eat 
tb nntninemeen = wmertiabancees 
pre neamerecenpreet ae 


. 
‘ey 


IN HOLLAND. 415 


was visited by some, as for example pastor Dorffel, 
from Haida, who came with his family and _his 
brother to Vohenstrauss, previously to his being ap- 
pointed deacon, and then superintendent of Oelsnitz. 
A great many, doubtless, were moving about all 
over Germany, and lived on charity. 

But some of the Bohemian Protestants fled for 
refuge, even beyond Germany, namely, into Switzer- 
Jand, Holland, England, Denmark, Sweden, Transyl- 
vania, Poland, and Hungary. 

Holland was particularly the refuge of the literati. 
In this country they held various conferences, and 
compiled the frequently named work ‘“ De Persecu- 
tione Bohemica.” By means of correspondence 
they obtained many details from eye-witnesses, who 
were then living in Saxony, Poland, and Hungary. 
More particulars would have been given by them, 
if they had been permitted to meet again, as they 
did in 1632, which is the date of the preface. It 
was published in 1648, probably at Amsterdam. A 
very active part was taken in the editing of this 
book, by the celebrated John Amos Comenius and 
Adam Hartmann.* In conjunction with Cyrillust 
the latter also wrote ‘* Ultimus in Protestantes 

Bohemicz confessionis eeclesias Antichristi furor,” 
which contains a description of many barbarities. 


* Adam Ilartmann, born on the second Sunday in Lent of 
the year 1589, was ordained in the synod of Lissa in Poland, in 
1643, 85th consenior of the Unity of the Brethren. 

+ John Cyrillus was senior of the consistory of Prague, when, 
in December, 1621, the first public edict was issued against the 
Protestant ministers of that city. Seized with apoplexy in the 
midst of his discourse to the congregation, he shortly after died 
on the 30th of May, 1632, at Lissa, aged 63, 


a ae 
als aviation we Pee ae 
dele twtaaq slqatees i) an nero ye baal sew 
aid Dew vind sid ahiw oatey othy 
“qu periadl wil od venoipoty vonmnlo’ ofatord 
inal Ye taralypeat ein yius esl binne qin batted 
lie Node gpivom soe eutttadl vena deerg: A 

ph o> ptanaln eyes ae) : 


meee’ sal velououn orien. af nur oguln 
ehysoutT prob brnurantl bneityridh sbentloF bask 
cyreget TE baad ba atot nine 
“dbavotll cals Yo eg ron ils yhraleiterpane bosilloFL . 
bee protec epottuy fied vad qiamnug ait nl 
apooewd off hiaw bourne % lone Lvslinpreney 
dotsbrogerwo to aemut yl “unshesiloll nacht 
ony woseectiive-wea uscd ethateb yoy foystinndo galt 
sein bun buco pyaoree al qeivd wads ovow 
quit yd novig used ov od blow -wulasiitog aol 
ald am oleae som of bottiueng tired tied yard Yi 
th. setlny of) Yo stele ovlt at hoi OOO ad bib 
A) scornbiatent Aan yidedorg ,BbR4 st bovkalldiag any ~ 
vids Yo gatilbo silt ul weds en ing witon yor + 
bra auisomo) Zonk wlol botunlalan oi yd \dvod 
foullieyD daw woltomsjeos ol * ictal mabA 
eianietend nt susail') oiteW Ole Fottel ote 
“sot itdinloitiad. eile uluoisstnos ehotmedoel 
soitnadied yuan 10 noiqisesly a enindaes dotdw 


‘ » Fe, 

Ye in! wi yebuy® basse aif a0 nvod aneuaiell ahh, 7 
a chaasdolt fi ombhl Vo beers wl at hontalio wow Oe} oun ot 

mynliontl ode to GaN 91) Yo yiiienen ditt, Beat 
Amis gooper'T Yo qradelewes on) Wo agian sow eultey? aio ¢ 
ah danlega Basel enw toiler wilting tori wilt UIE whdonowel) gi 
walt wi yratyoqe Hite beig® etn tott lo wiatelaign amerion'l 
toni hale wnvode out Holmgyniae oft oF wirnosil Wil Yo bli 


oS ee 


416 THE EXILES 


A copy of this work is now in the library of the 
Archbishop of Canterbury. 

In Eneland, we find the exile Samuel Martini in 
great honour.* The learned traveller, Simeon 
Partlik,f and several others, found refuge in this 
country ;{ and Wenceslaus Hollar,§ the celebrated 
engraver, gained a great reputation in England. 


* See the remarkable diploma, dated London, May 21, 1626, 
in Schroter’s work, 281—285. See also pages 57, 408. 
Martini was formerly assessor of the Bohemian Evangelical 
consistory, and afterwards pastor of the church of the exiles 
at Pirna, in Misnia. From a desire to bring the “ Brethren” 
over to his party, he injudiciously published against 
them a work in the Bohemian language in 1635—another 
in 1636—another in 1638, and was threatening more, when he 
was interrupted by death in 1639. To two similarly printed 
refutations of his writings, the Brethren added a tract in the 
Bohemian language ‘‘on the Method of attaining Ecclesiastical 
Peace exhibited in the Scriptures.” —Reyenvolscius, pp. 233, 401. 

+ See page 357. 

{ The English government took notice of these Bohemian 
exiles in 1715, when an order was issued by the Privy Council 
for their relief. 

§ Wenceslaus Hollar was born at Prague, in 1607, of an 
ancient family, and educated with a view to the profession of the 
law ; but his dislike of that pursuit, and the persecution of the 
Protestants, by which his family was plundered of every thing 
at the taking of Prague in 1619, induced him to cultivate his 
talent for drawing ; and having taken refuge at Frankfort, he 

became a pupil of Matthew Merian, with whose instruction he 
soon found himself able to dispense. Aftera long life of wander- 
ing and difficulties, notwithstanding the most exemplary applica- 
tion to his profession, such was the deplorable state of penury 
and distress to which he was reduced, that when he was on the 
verge of his 70th year, being attacked with his last illness, the 
bailiffs entered his apartment to seize the only piece of furniture 


that was left bim—the bed on which he lay. Ie entreated their 


aot ih Sees antl 


ah eae ar 7 


ails Yo yaieulil ode at wee 4h lve hi iat 
oprudestian’) to | 


ni inten ll enw? olize alt bait on nage ah. 
youd wkend leven! atl "nenod dak 
a ob doch few wenlie fempe fern “talilten. 


linsmidolio ml fralloll wv Joertanes. 
a es a Riek 


leafagnwitt wulmodetl ali Io ‘eaves ghee) eee luctmpbh 
wiles att Ww donde efi To aieely dbwyrile Wie .cratsinaes 
Merde ” ol) gual et evil a cutY albeit al ont? i 
ventege bycdalldiy  yfevubtioial st aye asf at gro 
siiltonedtil ni onangcel ankwndell oft ah dew o md) 
od tiadw. war, goiastentt saw boa HUN) of waone—DEOT ni 
Ininitg. ybialiena ows oT ROOT rd dane Ww jek ant 
ails wi dared & Babin aiadiontl tli pqoictew ald e eavisniotas 
Jeoleaatinisall <quiiiaa® Jo bodiett wilt no *-wganganl malo 
106 RES ey aumadarey ll. —".aauiygied adh al beidiilas sueo't 
AAtaeg i + 


Hisawot) cris, att qt honwct wow who we ptortw AUNT ul ealies ~ 
bs : walter v“eliwil ° 
i To 4081 ob sogetd +¢ avo sew valloll 2 F 
$d) to woleedtonq ald ot walt diiwtoieuatie hae tine) soomen 
add Vo woisuntanny ail) frum fluceteny taal io salifeah what ao 4 wal ° | 


geil ¥ baehonlg saw claw vil dobdw yA, ; 
aid-gtevifon ob wast Konddial QV! wt se ha are | 


af note ta agites ovilad geivnd bow ; gatwanb? sot anole . 
dd aalroorstant wontte alti gamtrilt wndital& wy figua) a. | 

robuay Io dit gout n vals —soounqellr ot wdo | 
idilepyn coelqaauien denen itd seellimoadlai ton 
quay to abape uidowalyal galt eww Mie cotan 


é 


in ae 


aie Sec x , c 
lei ai ~ wall Rabe YN ee ed icy Bigs: 1 iemanbr se TPA SE Ion sinensis me, 


IN SWEDEN AND DENMARK. 417 


King Gustavus Adolphus did not fail to invite the 
fugitive Bohemian Protestants to Sweden. Of those 
who took refuge there, we mention in particular, the 
frequently named George Holyk, and John Raik, 
who went to Upsala. The latter gave there oral and 
written imstructions in medicine, the former wrote 
his book, “ Bitter Tears of Bohemia,” which has been 
translated into Swedish and Latin. Adam Pisezky, 
from Kyranichfeld, a political writer, lived also in 
Sweden; and Wenzel Clemens, author of a Latin 
poem, “The Gustavide.’ 

Denmark also did much for the poor exiles. Veit 
Jaksch, formerly minister of St. Gallus, in the 
Old-town of Prague, in a Latin work, published 
at Dresden, in 1643, says “the king of Denmark, 
(Christian V.) graciously for Christ’s sake,* per- 
mitted the exiles, who were banished from their 
owu country, to enter his kingdom, and seek Chris- 
tian assistance. ‘T'o every one who solicited his 
sympathy, he graciously sent relicf from the royal 
treasury, and according to the example of the an- 
cient churches, he caused collections for the exiles to 
be made in his kmgdom annually.” He caused, 
through Dr. Caspar Erasmus Brochmand, professor 


forbcarance only for a short time, as he should then have no fur- 
ther need of it, and earnestly requested that he might not be 
removed to any other prison than his grave. It is not known 
whether this merey was granted him. He died on the 28th of 
March, 1677. Thus perished in England, this exile, whose work§ 
will ever be dear to the intelligent and sympathizing artist; and 
in looking over his unmerous and admirable productions with 
delight, the tear of pity will with difficulty be withheld for the 
sufferings of so talented a man. 
* They always called themselves ‘“ Exules Christi.” 


VOL, 1. 2 £E 


vie tA I, Ua macros nF 


wily otrrni of fill aon Gab lobA enw Pin 7 

pests) ‘biel deat ule f 
oft talouloay 7 Wheent ow teal agate aloes ony 
tie whol toe byl egwakl bonine ylteou perth 
bre tepennt srey tonal wlP ulosy Tob terw ody 
Slory ter wilt suislbom wt anoiianwuni Ort 


é ead iby * dineuloft te mnt OUT hood iit 
SHE mah Wind bee dio out tentanme 


ai celn hevil wwstizw Looliitey a hidhisiagt net 
ite! » Yo wien seco) hone’ bow i ttohowe | . 
: ‘shite off ¥ arog . 
a¥ . wallan wag adsl diten fith ole deeum(] 
wr ni. eulfef) 48°) issues Cen sloadyl, 
bebidoy iow vial a oi egett Wo awat-hi 
hema ‘lo. gait adam cxme C60 oni acillyn®l 33 
<r "ode 2 etl Dore) Caieeity ¢Y entzaiyslD) 
vied mod bedaicuel Sow oly aties ht bypsinn 
ell) Jag han srtolry itd il wha at etVlegen wn 
wit! tetisilon cdw one Cva, OF > Sanna mais 
layor oilt crovl Yell: Jnon Ytvommag al ediinar: 
“om ot) Lo alqmaxy thor gejtivegne rah eh 
G2 elie ail 201 cedlevullon tesa wil y vttedn tinien 
hones St "ileonah muligni! shal shane od 
vomelbertny Aivounooutl gu menn yl ung 3.0 shgaonds 


> . 


» Hm oval gent titenale oil em iT Sy0084 rod nesnagsad 
od ton digit od inal ot vflemnag haa , wos 
(worl toe at oh sowing wid ain) Havin] wailto yng noe 
We diab? od 0 boib aH wid Haiuery OW Cerne 90d woudl 
dilw sqviteubong aldol hun suri dit eva gaddoal. wh 
wilt Wah DModsltnw ont yrhvvilt{ly diye ithe ely Ve vow at vdyitoh 


sow ® Waliolul oe Yu equine - 
“cD eat eto) Kaltay Nyowlaynll * g 
— i: hen. MW tov 


a : 


418 THE EXILES 


and bishop of Copenhagen, considerable donations 
to be sent to Wittemberg, from himself and his 
generous subjects, to be distributed amone the exiles 
there. 

Of the exiles’ flight to Poland, the Book of 
Persecutions states that “they found a_ protector 
in the illustrious Palatine of Belz or Belsk, Count 
Raphael of Lesno, Wladavia and Baranow, who 
gave a friendly reception and protection to upwards 
of 1000 exiles. The towns of Ostrorog and Skoki, 
under protection of the Countess of Ostrorog, and 
the noble Nicholas Ray de Naglowitz; the town of 
Kobryn, in the domain of Abraham Szeniuta, &c., 
as well as the royal Prussian town of Thorn, proved 
places of refuge to not a few of the haptess outcasts. 
All were generously assisted in their misery, by 
the illustrious Prince, Christopher Radzivil, by the 
Polish and Lithuanian churches, and also by some 
pious private individuals.” 

“In Hungary, God touched the heart of the 
illustrious George Rakotzy, afterwards Prince of 
Transylvania, so that he allowed his domains of 
Puchow and Lednitz, in the neighbourhood of Mo- 
ravia, to serve as places of refuge for the Moravian 
exiles. Many from Bohemia also went to this part, 
as well as to the domains of the Counts Turzo and 
Ileshazy, and of the Lords Revay, Nadasdy, Niary, 
Wiskelet, &e.”’ 

The emigration to Poland was principally under- 
taken in 1628; but as early as 1548 about 1000 
Bohemian Brethren had already removed to that 
country and to Prussia, particularly to Marien- 
werder. Many exiles from Silesia went also to 


RP ee re 


: a nn 
eiten ars wee Ble 
autianals alderalyl pete org leno Ve dpontetd bere | 
aid bea hoi oot Sedan ist . 
valies oft pannin leoteidiitelfy wil 07 Moofhos 


So dodl Git dante tigi ‘elie ale AD: He 
moiyniery & True! < tal? senthrosetss 
ith ele Yo ontinlay’: i odd at 
aw ,womeadlt ae ‘atvihel® grat to lecdgall . 
donign ot mtiowtony hen wale yehanta o s'irg 
Hof lum qurcietl lo sweet eft aulixe 000T Yo 
hae ceive lo vetuno) alt Vo iteorory whan 
Te wentad | xivalgedl aly vant erdenl gift oldow walt 
woh ovine? miles Yo nial qalh ad .ngtdodl 
bevouy rod’ T lo Swed neizant) levee wile oa lw an 
srenoiite wold silt be evil » ton or egdier to eoalg 
wl cometary wield ti trleleaa. ylevovsieg ow HA 
oy ya divisholl wodquiesit? oonitt syorenlt! oli 
ome gf ols bas wadewnlo qhusodahl low agile 

- Seabivihat aaviny apoig 
vdt To treed ad) badondy hot) agreganll abtts 
to out anew todedl opie euobrtenlli, » 
14 otlanol: au “bowolls of tale oa airevhyenet? 
alt Wo boorhtwodilginn oft of wiinksD hae Wola h 
shew ME odt wil curler ‘to eoonly ee aire OF paiva 
aq eileen saow ols niraodloll eno. liza 
bua vowT ainuot) oft to enininol: ot oheg Now ea 
et pbewha ovolt ever sits ta wvsedeolll 


} ~obaw ylingtorky enw lonloft or noitenginnw edt 
DOL suede ObGt ae vlna ee od ae wl noded 
wali ot byyorten Yboore het writ asinodolt 

sunita of ziahiniy wearer baw 7 

ot-ovla ina neal aro pills” (ODA 


a 


=~ ~=-s 
> 


IN POLAND. 419 


Poland, where the town of Lissa* was particularly 
distinguished as the place of refuge of the Bohemian 
Brethren, and as haying a seminary of the higher 
classes for them and the Reformed Lutherans. In 
this town the celebrated bishop of the Brethren, 
the learned and much esteemed John Amos 
Comenius (properly Komenskyt), had his sphere of 
labour. 

This distinguished man was born, in 1592, at 
Komna,a place in Moravia, whence he derived his 
name. After having studied in several German 
universities, he took orders, and was appointed, in 
1618, pastor of Fulnek, a town in his native land, 


* It was here that the Episcopacy of the Polish branch of the 
ancient Unity of the Brethren, which had been allowed to 
expire, was renewed, in the year 1844, for the service and 
government of the remnant of its once numerous congregations, 
by the election to the Episcopal office of the Rev. Dr. Siedler, of 
Lissa, a respected minister of its communion, and his subsequent 
consecration at Herrnhut, on the 18th of June, by bishop P. F. 
Curie, with the assistance of bishops L. Reichel and J. M. 
Nitschman. By this solemn act, which took place, with the full 
concurrence and approval of the Prussian Government, the 
Elders of the Brethren’s Unity were glad to have an opportunity 
of returning the obligation conferred on their own Church, a 
century ago, by the consecration of its first two bishops, David 
Nitschman and Count Zinzendorf, by Bishops Jablonsky and 
Stikovius, in 1735 and 1737. (See page 380.)—Periodical 
Accounts for June, 1845. 

+ His real name was Topfer of Komna. On the Bishops of 
the Brethren in Poland, see Jablonsky (grandson of Comenius) 
in the Act. Hist. Eccles. vi. 442, &c. &c. Krasinsky, 300. The 
Bohemian manuscripts, which have been purchased from Lissa, 
and brought to Herrnhut, are, according to Palacky’s opinion, 
extremely valuable. Would that access could be obtained to the 
papers which are still at Fulnek, and perhaps at Dresden. 


orm? 


aie ARATOD HE aad 


viralnoitwagq enw “neehd i mod epee eee a 

aiarodoll alt rota to pasar 5 

wdald ole lo yules © guived ao bee 

al sstersilivd loeretefl lt bie neal? iol smenls 

soubor adit Wo ork tetanbebes ood urwot aide 
aityl bamssoe eames lcs boarwel ods 

betes seleuqouq) maps wk 


ja 208! 1 dt ored tone satesbadhingelith site 


ail bereeb od sandy civ a oly a onmod 
wane) Lrove xt lenhuwe goiemt witA omen 
ai Lntniogges ean han jovi dew etl eoitternlise 
Jind oviten eid ni cevas 6 alowlw’l Wo votany 8101 


wilt Ya domaad dalle’? ott) to GuvpomeligS oil ands evel aw al . 
ot bwwollo goad fin doide joverlivrl ol) Yo qual sesbue 
haw soiree ali yot SAC wee ol! il Dawe mew olga 
aaoRag orton ere wre wit 16 Hanerient Gall We et “ht 
Yor tollisi® Adi yell gil te ositlo Uaqnasngt aft ad weitoale oi yt 
a, eit Lew poolauetanes nL Ug aataiiaeiss Leatyingens a> eemit 
VA qailaid yd ook ta dit} edpav. — woiersaton 
MA bua baie A guieid Wy “sgniglane wilt dite ora 
litt wile ditw soaly doot tate fre actor sit YT nda 
oft insmewvoi) - cninawe'S alt Yo lover Bie exiermumne 
‘ethibe Prange im oral od bolgendw yall sa ewibeadl edt lo erahlat 
4 ted wee vied) po bexwlans itt 


~ biden eqodaid owe toi ali YW. woidmrr rena | om 


lure len eqodelll yd Yiokvoaals 
Toit (ORE age, 29?) AGT he Gaui dicen 

2121 BW) dati 

Yo aqui wl) (OO ano Yo bphadob pasar 
(aiiuane Yo powbomis) yninldel em bociell 
aT WOR tninded ok yh SOP iv “ind 
Molt ie banciienny nod oval uid aditoodott 
dinlaigo wedi OF qatbvonde rc of Wylie haw 
alt oF botiehty of bitnos pesewn Jada BtuoW  oldantar ylomy 
=: it ea v0 Miao sv 
Saf 


oe ARETE ON 
a 1 


420 AMOS COMENIUS. 


and master of a school there. Having at an early 
period of his life conceived a design to introduce a 
new method of teaching languages; he published 
some essays for this purpose, and prepared other 
pieces on the same subject, which were destroyed 
in 162], when the Spaniards plundered his library, 
after having taken the city. The outlawry of all the 
Protestant ministers of Bohemia and Moravia by the 
edict of 1624, compelled Comenius, with many 
others, to seek refuge in the mountains of Bohemia, 
and finally to retire to Poland. He settled at Lissa, 
where, haying become professor of Latin, and pastor 
of the Bohemian church, he published, in 1631, his 
* Janua Linguarum Reserata,” or.“ The Gate of 
Languages unlocked,” which rapidly gained for its 
author a prodigious reputation. It was translated 
and published during his life-time, not only in 
twelve European languages, but also in Arabic, 
Turkish, and Persian. He then translated into 
Latin a work concerning a new method of instructing 
youths, which he had written in Bohemia, and 
which was published in 1639 at London, under the 
title of “ Pansophie Prodromus,’ of which an 
English translation, by Jer. Collier, was published 
in 1651, entitled “The Forerunner of Universal 
Learning.” ‘This increased his reputation so much, 
that the parliament of England invited him to 
assist in the reformation of the schools of that 
country. He arrived at London in September 16-41, 
but the civil war which broke out in Great Britain 
prevented the parliament from making usc of his 
talents in the projected reform. He therefore weut 
to Sweden, whither he had been invited by Lewis 
de Geer, a person of great merit andinfluence. Ie 


pec ue bien 


pee 


sacsehina estates sas biDiin saeanianeh ee 


erreamon OMA. , Se 


tins vn to yatvnEh totaal fnodae.e to 
é oubound of ayieth @ beyians i sik Yor 
filsiting ob | ganged cetzloead be bodisart 0 or 
wculter beumeyroy fen veeptong elt “Gh ayeeee- ONTO 
lerpriieatt avew itsirter Asche eatin gild sto ennaiq 
eguralil vint aes sr a eros etka} ob 
wiht: t tamper pris ait | 
v ge diumoll bas denise ayutet teat 
tat Wie aimee) bolloqmurs (ek ao tothe: 
clinwtult Yo exintecce ody nbagitiet dose ot zie» 
seal in baltwo lineiot paler vier ot qiowi baw. 
eden, baw wba to nity er qusivend oracle 
aif L601 ni endoittad od nitile nen Yo 
bb ate) wilt "yo. “vetoes enarenangeich ean 
att oR Deakieg eiiqiet slyittw “hed salad exganrgen.t- 
leaddtemont enw 21 aitistagey ennigihorg «sodium 
ih ling. tons. tstnntt ali aid wath folitleg baw 
siderth mi oale dud sergnergiitl jsomyormTl pylows 
wiet bonleowa oot ofl ance bee 

gultanttent To Teultant sett 2 giilrengada iow & stig]. 
brea pire tOll st aontinw ete = Rens th nts 
ailptahad sobadLao COU! ni hal 

ge deidy Ww “awmotbor'h mn 2th “hi 
hoileiiduny ents’ illo) 9) yl noiteeow detkgad 

laeravia Yo. persies ott? i FROL at- 
toseon on wrottmandas # Joawnoat ail? “gaieaeot 
od cutist bopivatt Vriityos Yo saint ad? afl 
itt Te slocitse oft Qo sneiemenctax odd «th 2 

Att uilhinnfo ih notin! on bo trun oh pene 
tiesiath gerd wi tuo lord | iloidew nw Brio ott sad 
eit Wo gait er’ ast lopomncs a 


— : é 


awe ee 


(a A OT A 


AMOS COMENIUS. 42] 


arrived there in August 1642, and had several con- 
ferences with the chancellor, Oxenstiern, at which 
it was determined that he should settle at Elbing, 
in Polish Prussia, and compose there a work on his 
new system of teaching. At the same time, a 
considerable stipend was settled upon him by Lewis 
de Geer, so that being delivered from the drudgery 
of teaching a school, he could devote his whole time 
for the invention of general methods of facilitating 
the instruction of youths. Having spent at Elbing 
four years in this study, he returned to Sweden to 
shew his composition, which was examined by three 
commissioners, and declared worthy of publication 
when complete.* He spent two years more at 
Elbing, and then returned to Lissa. In 1650 he 
made a journey to the court of Sigismund Ragoezy, 
prince of Transylvania, where his advice was desired 
for reforming schools. He gave this prince instruc- 
tions for regulating the college of Saros-Patak, 
according to the maxims of the “ Pansophie Pro- 
dromus.” After a residence of four years he re- 
turned to Lissa, and superintended the schools untill 
the destruction of that city. He fled to Silesia, 
and having wandered in some parts of Germany, 
settled finally at Amsterdam, where he died in 167], 
in the 80th year of his age.t 

During the long period of suffering which lasted, 


* This work was never published, having been burnt with 
all his other manuscripts, on the destruction of Lissa. 

+ Besides the works already mentioned, Comenius wrote 
Synopsis Physica ad lonen Divinun Reformata,” Amst. 1641, 
published in English, 1652. ‘ Porta sapientia Reserata, seu 
nova ef Compendiosa Methodus omnes Artes ae seientias ad- 
discendi,”” Oxon, 1637 ; aud various others.—-Sce Krasinski, 
vol. ii, p. 237.— Klinesmith’s Divine Providence, p, 22, 23, 


a Pipa ini agent 


ict _— eivcator somal te 


-09 Laewse lol how Shenae ot eal feviews 


kad? de anaitener®) gollommds odlt dihy semen 
ytd te abhe Mucile od aml boatunatoh aoe 
aid no dace a vault bie paiacieetl deifoL al 
a guia _ dt oh qynirlenot too inlays woe 
at hebiites eww rah oy 
yetvggbart wit coro Leveoy italy pind ausht-os 
eel) ated all eters: hiaws ad Jooilos eae 
qiltailio’ Io aldo hytmewg lo noitmevei of) 10! 
yeti an teva oe wisioy, to storouTtent oy 
ot jehowe al bocraaer wl 
sorts yd bouineuey ao atotile amititxpeton.eidl woila 
solnaliduc tw qileraw hotelogh Jvin ,erantolseicrenos 
ie otonr ema, or) toage ell “tolqnrou madw 
of O4Ot al wrellod bowrreden aniie- bar jooid Ff 
_ ewe hauateiyl® Wo tres oft ot ourwo), « obec 
* bysiah anvr anteba vid sone einarbpenerd lo oanteq 
<pirveni soning ail) oydgell elon gaitnwhr Wt 
dou'Leouk Yo epalloo lt yatdogee del snot 
ou") mblgoake © adi 16 emixenc att of gaitrroosn 
~t ol exon, tact to wnghiew: @ tof “.tinwoth 
Hitaw efoordos ods hobavtaieqee ture ,wald oF boatet 
wleliZ ob bot 6H, aie salt to sotipwieb ads 
Araeored) te 2tveq opto at ddaobeenie gavel bars 
LTOL al Lei on srodw sovaberadecu dy as scilevsit Laltion 
foge ail to weve 109 od ai 
hotad doide qaivsttang ibconegeel aki gata 


Gils terel newl yoived “hoitald, wine uw 
neal Wo ea cna 
alinw avlusen Aavobianen yhawita eden, wit wala a 
Aidt deh Rerrecticege ae | : 
ot Were = asa al ai") 
An tlhe be Ald wowed 3Y 
tdeaianvA - wraidae iow 


shuns side ab aten'g tell 


— 


422 DISCIPLINE OF THE BRETIIREN. 


as we have seen, above one hundred years, it is 
calculated that more than 100,000 Bohemian 
Brethren and other Protestants escaped the spiritual 
tyranny of the Church of Rome. 

A very just remark was made in 1528, by one of 
the bishops of the Bohemian Brethren, Lucas Pra- 
gensis, * That the ruin of the Unity was owing not to 
the persecution of their enemies, but to laxity of moral 
discipline among themselves. Our enemies,” said he, 
“have not destroyed us, but we have destroyed our- 
selves.” By degrees they had accommodated them- 
selves to the world, and so departed from their former 
strength and purity. A warning example to other 
existing churches, So long as moral discipline was 
duly maintained among them, it was their unremit- 
, ting care, that the members of the church should not 
only possess a theoretical knowledge of the doctrines 
of the Bible, but exhibit their practical influence in 
their lives. With this view they made several 
regulations, the principal of which were, that the 
head of every family was expected, not only to set 
his children and domestics a good example, but to 
use every means for promoting their spiritual wel- 
fare. He was required to send them regularly to 
church, to instruct them at home in the truths of 
the gospel, and to meet for family devotion three 
times a day. The frequenting theatres, and other 
places of amusement, that savoured of the world, 
were strictly prohibited. Not only open vices, but 
vanity and imimodesty in dress, licentious discourse, 
and clandestine courtships, were severely censured. 
All dishonest trafficking and usury were forbidden ; 
none were allowed to enter a lawsuit, without en- 
deavouring to settle the subject of dispute by 


ese HARBOR UR I Race carne ine Nc A rN 


ene genre Cee eervem ren i hn meee er TL tio 


advabicdiocn ih nl a ces Pt een ee a mn a 


wen asasdicansbiasee” Sendai caiMe ME ad enue ™ 


asst ‘ 
‘VaaaAd ANY TO AMINED ETE -~ 


4 i etme lebowd soo mvode sae 8 

ielumndt 000,001 wait gront vant 

Lisatinaye vaekd rasp atnetentor'l tad}o Diva, 7 
ssruadd te skonuetl3 “dL se 7 


aul 4 somd sere. Seen ak Sas 
lata i ih a > 
- anabiphiic peep Fh ro 


latuits lek ree of dnd eniisroms wud to srottnovetag ald 
wit figs “aviarin sO ,<avloanmmed? geome oailgioaib 
vo lerreoumb svn ow aia etl depyontinl son oval? 
~Hevit) hetabommones foc qeuld soumgals yt “eavioa 
gourd) Teult tert) bataoqob or bing bobieerattd ot gavion 
wilto ot atgarace gate A ibe bere legate 
gow anilyioth. Leroi an pul oH eadoile gailetng 
Jit tied) sow si tte) gnome beniatnion qk |, 
tow hdocrle sorted odd ty eralovonn welt teil? arno Qaid 
sitiroch all Ww sybolwoud lavhotegdt a mommog yluo g 
wi sysoutlad Loolteming tiudingidlilen daash aldidl odio 
linover oboms you wotv sida st oovil aioe. 
olt duel) may doidy ‘lon deqtaning iyekenic tas 
hia OF ylao san batougee sor yliawl yseve Yo Por es 
0) bil elqewee boo 6 mivomol bas anblisla eid 
low \ousitige alada yotioniny-70) sain yiove.o80 
oY qhielpet rely buce ot boriopos sow oH oul. 

Yo siltrr) oft ai qutuil ss. crasdt dourteai ot alomila 
ssnl) aotioveb qin wh toome ot bun doqeog oft. 
witte ban zeta) yoit oAT .yab,# paral 
ihew adi Ye however dooceauin To 
fitd bobky mo ns S07 \ borilidorg Sed 
Qevtoveily euoliqooll yeah wi yenkotnl Days sarod 
Devoncer ylonves avon aqylilarnios.o 
Liubbidiat owe yen baw gaitailen 
wm) Iwedtiw Ainewal a yeti 08 boonotte snow: 


xd oun %e poniytie oll ats 


oe) 


COMENIUS’ ADDRESS. 423 
brotherly arbitration. From the observance of 
these rules not even the nobility or the patrons 
were exempted. And the neglect of them eventually 
drew down upon the church those chastisements, 
by which, as we have seen, it was almost ex- 
tinguished, and its members dispersed among other 
nations. 

The above-named Bishop Comenius, in his “ Ad- 
dress to the faithful remnant of Bohemian Brethren, 
in their dispersion,” reminds them of their declen- 
sion, when he says :— 

“Your ancestors were a people which, filled with 
the fear of God, detested idolatry and superstition, 
and earnestly seeking salvation, devoted themselves 
entirely to the pursuit of heavenly things. And 
as they endeavoured as far as possible to keep their 
children ignorant of the vanities of the world, lest 
being allured by them, they should neglect to seek 
heavenly treasures; and to train their families to a 
Christian conduct of unafiected simplicity, modera- 
tion, and chastity, meekness, patience under injuries, 
and concord, that thus each and all might seek after 
whatsoever is true, whatsoever is honest, whatsoever 
is just, whatsoever is chaste, whatsoever is lovely 
and of good report. How disgraceful is it to 
deviate from such an example! And surely the 
divine chastisements which are now inflicted ought 
to teach you how painful it is that we have already 
deviated from it. Vor our deviation is proved by 
the very chastisement wherewith Christ is visiting 
us, because we have left our first love. It is too 
palpable to be denied. The tree of outward order 
the name and 


rm? 
certain external forms, which strike the eye, cover 


appears indeed still to be standine ; 


gob “eens “eornaag 
lo sounvmwle ode nog « Jonnie oybrl 
anoting. edt co ytilhion oh nie wt 

Vibmasianeres senile Yo dovalepony Gol feed.” beiteprira es oxow 
Mroetionls saqilt doremlt edt coq melt qorb 
3 dmle ow 4 cee goed ow eno shall gd 
‘walto gorse lewragoile winders ert bas hodeiagnis 
to nr 

“bh” al @ aohemeD qotet! hamavevodn ofT 
deihientl amnwilotl ty eoamuers hibit bt of aeorb 
~ttekvals welt Yo nods ehulin “wetetoyaib auld ad 
~— =r eyes ad aod janie 

tia bella pint olyniy ei epatenon tM 
nohtmeqie Inno giulohi hatexeh bo Yo oes? oy 
aaviceotat! Letovoh .eaiterelea pentslore vlan den 
hed «guid yloovesd Io timermy edt on glotites 
Viselk quad of alditeens an ve) 40 teerimbns yodten | 
deol bhiow ods Ye mitizory oft Yo tomsomyi tothlido 
dose ot irene binede yous pment yd howilin yuind 
aor -eailinnit visi niet ot hiew Seouieeort ylaovand 
srabom .Yislqints batesBriur to elmo cited 
mmiinjat taboos wevidowat Aiteuly bee noid 
tofle daga dtying Te bey does oat tort drionees hun 
roronetodve deniot # tarsoaindw youve ef wo r.0ehester 
Ylovol at awwva0sily lamin siaerouataibe hut ai 
8 di ai Ivhasryih wo coq booy to bas 
ad lose bel folyirom ons dane mmoit ofitveb 
Ailyoo Dotyiliat. woo our dothwahinmarends dilvib 
Ybarla oval ow tule ai ff voy ramet ot 
YO boron al muidivel rH di nea? botelyah 
Biidiviy” ot debad) aloratody Anamoniials yrov ould 
oof el 4) repli sue fol ormd ewes, r 
eite bnawiwe ooo ml'T Anil od or stdaahag, 

= Dae sinart odd. geitiante of) ad liecinve tind en TK 
raves qv oilt silite sdohtwy Rare diunetes aiaios 


424 COMENIUS’ ADDRESS TO 


it, as it were, with bark and leaves; but that the 
kernel within is for the most part dried up, and that 
it produces no fruit, or, at best, only sour grapes, 
cannot be denied by any who know what fruit the 
Lord expects from the vineyard of his Church. 
For where is now the holiness of life which dis- 
tinguished our ancestors? Where is the respect, 
the willing obedience, which the younger formerly 
shewed to their superiors, and the congregations to 
their ministers, as unto Christ? Where shall we 
find the complete concord of the members of the 
congregation, which made the whole multitude 
appear as one mind—as one soul? Where is the 
apostolic hospitality shewn to strangers? Where 
is the meekness shewn even to enemies, which 
formerly distinguished us? Then no one desired to 


contend with others about articles of faith, but — 


to live consistently with the profession of faith. 

“ Our pious forefathers left wars and fightings to 
those who took pleasure in them ; for they deemed it 
better, according to the example of Christ, to bear, 
sufler, and love. Are there still many pastors and 
teachers among us, who, following the example of 
the Apostle Paul, served the Church without pay ; 
who would rather labour day and night than be 
chargeable to any to whom they preach the Gospel ? 
who, behaving themselves holily, justly, and un- 
blameably, exhort, comfort, and charge every one 
as a father doth his children, that they may walk 
worthy of God ? 

“Have we still Bishops resembling those of the 
primitive times? Men zealous to win souls, and so 
successful, that in ashort time, and amidst persecu- 
tions, they planted many flourishing cougregations ¢ 


oe > 

ee ers 
el) sat med eriel hem. ahed sai all sag 
ieals lone jar hoabaly rou dette actt wel ateartibiha De 
enquiry wie ¢lae wed to 20 selon. saubege dd oon. 
gilt Yietteand'y youd cole (aang Both sd 19089» 
sid®y dd to btereawiy lt aw ogee foal < 
vite dhotitag gM! Vo coacctlovi-salt woke aah ad 


satan wh i sted Y emteopan, we Dadsingg 9 
ybruurtol Wee ott slide sratoutrad litvee gailliw 
Oi mtiruerpaes ade bie rotguatiods on bewode 
ow Hata well Vosind’ eam am oreteicden glods., 
sit ‘lo eademn ot to Leronocn otepnes. odd bol 
shaivlen oloder sdt.obaut iishde oltegotgems 
oil) a cowl VC luee ono ae balou Me MQqn . | 
oneal Pecrequarenot cowaite ggilethysol ollotzoge — 
doidw vesteane of move ccwode gokadoom oft gi, - 
ot Ivnleab ooo on nol. ~vew fndsiogaizedy ghamadh, 
jel dltidt Jo eshittw wweda eakte Gin biwdaos 
side le wolestonq sill aatw videolan evil a. 
ot vgninty) hoe eure folsvdtdent aniq wO" oo 
Tlenet yolitel patel ww iemeolg auotgily soft. 5 
vias of etl Yo olqerago ada ot guilrrogae , 
Bw erosency grenity lite oto oth. ered dure rollve. 
Yo olqumes vit quiwollit, ulaau, gouge syailgee 
yng Woiltig shyt oilt, bovies dawtLolieogA ot, 
oi wid) whgin hem yok wodel dies, blsew ow 


{ loquotd sats dowry yoult mow od yyns0d old, ade 
itt ‘the ehrent vlited sow loam qyteieadad, ¥ 7 
avo evs ayo ban Nolmos stale vf ae 


thin yor gods dadt sorchlide ail hob soja an 

y 7 a tale Paseo gy _ 7 
gilt ‘to doorlt walldlinemems ep’ 1ow a oe 
oe fie alow niw oF evolves coli Seen oxBinghg 
creer debited Dans ontietroda ae 
 arvitliegrrngirad gulalatraol »gammt-lestecnlay, 


SS 


as CaS, TTP 


a TEE TOL NE AEDS 


THE BOHEMIAN BRETUREN. AQ 


Or at least men who are possessed of the requisite 
solicitude, diligently to water the plantations com- 
mitted to their care, and thus preserve them in a 
flourishing state? We preach Christ crucified, not 
like Paul and our ancestors, in weakness, and in 
fear, and in much trembling; and, therefore, not 
in the demonstration of the spirit and of power; 
but with enticing words of man’s wisdom, as taught 
in the schools of rhetoric. 

“ Are the patrons of our church, and our nobles, 
still instructed as formerly, to be the stewards of their 
property? Do all our nobles study to turn their 
mansions into little churches? are none of them 
ashamed, in the absence of a chaplain, to be priest in 
his own house, and to assemble his household to 
prayer, and by his own example to quicken them in 
this duty? Do they keep their houses free from 
parasites, and other vain persons, as our fathers did 
in their day, without respect of persons? No one 
was suffered to sin with impunity. But, alas! those 
holy times have passed away.” 

Notwithstanding this declension, and its deplorable 
condition at that time, this good man was animated 
by the hope, that in the providence of God his expir- 
ing church would experience a revival.* He thus 
continues in almost a prophetic strain :— 

<“ We cannot indeed understand the aim of God 
in permitting the cessation of our church, if He 
should permit it. But we know, that Samson did 


* He published, in 1649, its Mistory, which he dedicated 
to'the Church of England, as his last will and testament, that 
by her it might be preserved for the use of the successors of the 
Brethren. This work has been translated from the Latin, and 
was published in London in 1061, 


| a eepthony | wala sine: ait to uolte ie 


te cet mL eet Natnbomeryr 


sh 
ash waurraa wenT Hea air 
otiskepat At Io heseseeng, un orlwettont danakls 
-meo znoiiensaly wilt ited opyliadgiiby abintatl 
p te ee eee . 
do jbaltiowe dveng 340 Gover yaidabenol 
at lan zeadtiow si omeeban wo ban aa ce 
aercawieibvenl) dae jyaiteliieres donde ai” 


higuedoo voleiw «ume fieeirow gnistars wile tod 
wtosudt to aloodse ody ai 
aldose Lie the mle Yo snoring wilt oA © 
aiguls du elyurweis osteo ert yelwwerne an bosurteni [isa 
isilt mutoor ybate psidew tae lin oth Pyragetgq 
jail lo oon orm Ceuleonbe oliil atat Anokanm 
ni tele od ob Dieta 0 We sanoedé lt oF hovoalew 
at blodaewoil sil oldoraen ob hon eed cero aid 
ai cred) nealing or ohne awe aid yd hén aoyeny 
weit ov erenod nidilt quad yoilt ol Pynh aid’ 
ih erodtel sie an anomiog whey toto bem 2atierteq 
aie OS korrwy Yor dosqeoe Mrerltion peal ted ai 
candy teale aud vetnady tak dtiw wie or boris sew 
awe bowery ov eit emit yor 
sldwrotaab ati baw yatenatonh nisl gnihastadsiwion 
deimaian cou nent boog ehly mit tudt da aobibies 
sigeeail hui) lo oonbivony wilt at dadlt joqod oda yd 
oH Slevives a sodnioqes bloow dems gai 
— e niente oitlqeng 9 teonthe ai edetitno 
bol) to sit ot banteoben boahai omnes * . 
off VU lords wo: lo nolteieon ort goliineing ai 
bily remus ful) youd ow eal ene 


oe 
harevlent wil rallw: seeaneilt att 
ind termes ta Vin seal el ae 
Sut he tember oe wld Yo ais yt wil 


& 


_ ‘tes Swal al sb 


426 COMENIUS ADDRESS TO 


his enemies more harm by his death than he had 
done during his whole life, and that the Son of God 
himself died in order to destroy death, and that He 
reminds us, that every seed must die,-ere it can 
shoot up and produce new and more extended life. 

“ Let no one suppose then, that it is too late to 
think of recovery, when the patient lies dying; that 
it is too late to attempt keeping the candlestick in 
its place, when it is already removed, thrown down, 
broken, and trampled under foot. For Omnipotence 
can restore the dead to life. Our Master can unite 
the broken potsherds, and cause new shoots to 
sprout from a branch withered and cut off. And 
who can say, that we are quite dead, that the vessel 
is broken, the tree entirely cut down? Our church 
does indeed resemble a dying man, but she still 
draws breath; she resembles a cracked vessel, but 
she is still, however, whole; she resembles a tree, 
whose branches are lopped, and to whose root the 
axe is already applied, but she still stands firmly 
rooted in the ground, and the stem and branches, 
in part at least, have still sap and life. Why then 
should we despair ? 

“* Let no one say, cither: we have already lost our 
congregations; what then have we to reform? 
Must the beauty of our congregations depart, be- 
cause they are lost? This beauty may be restored 
either by the true model of church-discipline being 
publicly brought to light, or by the remnant of our 
congregations, be it ever so small, being truly 
reformed. Where but two or three are gathered 
together in Christ’s name, there is a congregation 

having her Master in the midst of ber. When 
Peter could collect no more than one hundred and 


2S eee wanted he 
| 465 pegnieh wall omsinag weity scevoontoatallt- 


pio 1 se eth te ieee qeeve- tat Aw ebnieme — + 


ay 
ov seradds, ‘ERAMOw ~~ 
bral oil cathe. teed etl yeh nial 
hot) to 108 elt aailt baw stil lode ait gait sob 
oH hale bear alieah vorteab of aabig at both’ Mosatid no 


it Iniieate oa bas ese sehen; fore gr doodis) 


e) avitealiwxs ody guiqued. epmwitn al otal oot ai tt 
wwob wrowlt Jeroen: chevsla af ti neder jonaley abi 
sonsiogiitaO «wd soot tale bolggneet bon sede 
sting ito tsted omit aliled hie ait oroteor uno 
ot onde wor ener bie alealetog medind odd 
bot fe tos hone borodtin dou a omett mone 
trusov wilt salt boot inp wr ow sads ype io Ow. J. ~ 
iivtirdo wt) © Sarvol tivo wlotisiny opt ord praubondiei 
[ite ode ond soon qaiyi> a oldest boobs eob- 
fud ,oeav dodoow @ eidamesr ode edtieerd aeeth 
ood aoldussen oe poloder praveod: tits at nile 5 
atlt doer neo or ban boqyol one eaten! oaodw 
viinad ebnate line ode tw: boitqee ylonnts 2 oxe~ 
eilomid how wate ot bie .bawere elt ah Leioot 
mrocdt yal 0 sith Dire que Mine ove stewol der tracy ati. 

ins a 4S tiogenh aw blooda 
ue teol vbartle oval ow > rodtio yneemo-oddad *y : 
{ ariclot ‘ot ow ovnd sodt dock do 
od jtisqoh enoiiegartins wo to ytmied oft te 
beioteet of qoce ytted afl S sohens yout sauns: - 
noiod ovilqiodb-<deruida 10 Ishorr awe ot qhanilii  — 
qwo Io item li pla dod of nbyrol gsiidug + 
uit yaad fon oF rx2 i od eitciagetgmos 
berating, on wetl? to- ov), sted oral “bomitet- . ; 
noiverrgewe wal opeily erg go! to : a 
noi asd Yo Sober ode nt tow od goiwad: 
tow levied oaw neat Sous Oo ellos binos. Wes? : 


en NTE TTT ee A A IE NOTIN RP a Oh ener 


THE BOHEMIAN BRETHREN. 427 


twenty persons, they constituted a church, having 
power to fill vacant offices. Actsi. 15. We are 
dispersed indeed; but that is no reason, why our 
zeal for righteousness should be dispersed ; it should 
rather stimulate us all, to unite together the more 
closely, in order to confirm our faith, our charity, 
and our hope. And if even only one of us should 
be left, yet the word of faith loses nothing by this 
individual’s being left solitary, Nay, godliness is 
even best promoted among few, because a large 
number is apt to cause disturbance, and the greater 
avoregate of evil propensities, to obstruct that which 
is good. Accordingly we frequently meet in Holy 
Writ with such expressions as these: “ A remnant 
of them shall return.” ‘A remnant shall be saved.” 
Isaiah x. 22. Amos ix. 8. Zech. xiii. 8, 9. Romans 
ix. 27: as if a return and reformation were not 
possible, till after the great herd had been separated 
from the remnant. 

“ Let no one say, either: we are in tribulation. 
For in affliction it is time to seek the Lord; just 
then, when we feel His chastisements. Recollect 
also, that our church originated, erew up and flou- 
rished in persecution; in the days of peace she faded 
and drooped. Being now again in affliction, she 
will rise again, or else it will be proved, that she is 
past awakening. 

“ Lose not your courage, beloved Brethren, how- 
ever deep the misery into which we have fallen. 
We are not sunk so low, but that we may be raised 
again by the hand of Hlim, who killeth and maketh 
alive, who bringeth down to the grave, and bring- 
eth up. 


cee mage at ennai 
cenemneaichands 


eS 
VoL nner KaTeaten ast > 
qulved vdovmks ve betigfenag york anowrap gsr’ 
way OW OE Bet A aeoiio dmmer Tits OF arog 
qn giler yore cov ol tials sunk; bonhet Roesaqeh 
Sluncde sl ¢ boaencqails act Mowe een 
time palt todhypat atin otha an ntalugsite altos 


oe os lite S60 ot -tahro at ptloeole® 
ait ovr “tes (wae rhea W lak .oqod wo bin 
ails 4d quietrue- ermal ttl Io Serow oul tay ofsl vd 
siwonitbog ,eave oputilos Weal gaisd e‘lanbivihai 
egw a seneved .vist yamine leponrony deed. ore 
~anteryy aft bie ponadruisih sues ot tqu et_soderne 
ioidly dads anervede oF salt live to atone 
voli ni tount qlnmnpol oe ©  hoog «i 
funnest A (weal? en anoerinpen oie dtrw ti W__ 
"howe od Unrlerianaen A “aveist tole avodt te 
snomoll 0 8 tix sbooR xb com 82 2 doled 
fon ore oltenmoles bud wuts wT eo 2 PRVet 
hatrinese sed bac biog dxtrrg eds safle His oldiesoq 
Jue sult mort 
noneltnr at gis ow rtediis (yee doo’ om 4a) + ~ 
gout bral oft dose oF oenis et tt medtuille at aol 
noflore  siudutetiewls GH beh aw ntodw .oodt 
woh bin qn worg vbotanigin doxailatno snil-yorta 
boiull ole samy Yo eynb oil al Gj noiteomnsg ab bade _ 
ode ,worsillia ai niege wou yaiotl . .beqoord bar 
‘a ode als bovorg od [rer at sels to: yriage: oeie Tiw 
| a goipedinwe tog 
word jeotdiond bevelsd geno wey dor seoal* ~ 
‘poll bye ow dyiitve otc) cioim-olr qaob ave 
Losier od yane ow tod) neh wol ot Ange ton ore oW 
dvedunr baw Wath otve tl to baat sled bres 3 : 
_<qgaiad Line sang adit ob eader  anbidianaet vily 


ag msn 62 Gee 


428 COMENIUS’ ADDRESS. 


“Jf even our bodies were decaying, and our dry 
bones lying dispersed in the valley of this world, 
yet the Lord liveth, who can command the dry 
bones to come together, who can lay sinews upon 
them, and cover them with flesh and with skin; 
and who can order the four winds, saying: “ Come, 
O breath, and breathe upon these slain, that they 
may live.” Ezek. xxxvi. 1, &c: That is: He can 
awaken worshippers in our stead, and from our 
ashes, who are illumined by the same light of truth, 
inflamed by the same fire of love, united by the 
same bonds of order and discipline; so that the 
foes, who vainly attempt to overthrow the throne 
of Christ in the congregation of believers, shall be 
still more put to shame, and the prosperity of His 
church still more promoted, than has been done by 
means of us.” : 

The ardent hopes of Comenius have been realized, 
as we have seen, in the renewal of the Brethren’s 
church at Herrnhut in 1722, and its subsequent 
spread, not only among various nations of Christen- 
dom, but also among many heathen and barbarous 
tribes. Its members have been as 4 good salt in the 
earth, and proved a blessing to many, even where 
they have not established themselves as distinct 
Christian communitics. This is especially the case 
at the present day on the continent of Europe, 
where the work of “ the Diaspora,” to which we 
have already alluded, is carricd on with great 
quictness and success-—-infusing itself as a leaven, 
which, no doubt, will gradually leaven the whole 
lump— and to which, we have reason for believing, 
may be partly attributed the fermentation that is 


a = 


amineda “auininteo ie oe | 
{ave hue guile erow voibod i008 Loe 
sbfiaw aint Yo agellow ult cal taewiajalty mood 
vat ole Lerammoy noo one dtiovil fant « t 
nog PHonle gal Me olw covllegor anne 
cathe dilve Lew deal elie: ued coven bite ccotnla 
a argos aliw wool out roby mur odby hawt 
“gb tml) alle wally aq wlimwtd baw 5 
ae Wl pial! ob) eee he “oil yous 
do atl ban jhuote mo nt etghdeow milawn 
alter! do lee ornne alt qd tewriengtls ere oily aoihan 
eit vd heating srvl te ok same adr yd bamuattul 
a@y jadi oe yantifqinedth bow wha to eband same 
oadals call wovltmre of tyro vlerine wher poor ' 
ad Moke xevsilod. Tor wettogerquas odt a) tind Vo . 


ath lo wihqarny od? trom urate a tiny rom The 
ral orale cond anda feviomorng aman. Hite dryset 
“our bee aire . 
vbasiinoy neonl ovad avinmarit) to anqadaneta oh 
exerultorll eis bo Tevounticdt oferta veal ade: 
iowyaddes ath bow LOSt ai tadhumeli a aiiroda 7 
aight) loaolion eaonen gaontn ¢looion .basnqa - 
anotted Win aodiood yantt guage vale tud atob | 
oils nt Jss-booy o ex ane ovauleuwlotomn etl eotins io 
sxoler nove .yoaer Oo goisold a baveiq bet lt 
jowueil en aovivariod? bodaildares tom svnd yous 2 
snc oft etlaivocea xt aid T eoitiaumnnson: wultabl 
aqetull ‘lo tuontiaos of) no pth gnoeauq, olde 
ow itntibw ot lage ni alt “lo ahnow arly grote 
tegry ihiw ae forma ef bolully aghwnla ovat 
Loovnel a 4 Veg? gail —eeomuy bie eaoiup ¥ 
clodw colt egenel Hauberg Mv gduete om: arlaidlae { 
. caivallad t2b scenes ceasd ove ytlolebie ot Lae=-agetut ie 
610d) nohaimacell oh hotadivttn yleiq od yen 4 


NS a a ae 


CONCLUSION. 429 


now going on throughout Germany. No doubt 
the enemy of souls has sown tares among the wheat 
—the pure doctrines of the Gospel, taught by the 
simple-minded Brethren, have been mixed with 
“philosophy and vain deceit’’—but the good work 
cannot altogether be neutralized ; a simple form of 
Christianity, and a more lively faith, we trust, will 
be substituted for the debasing superstition and 
deadening materialism, which have united their 


interests, and now pervade that portion of Christen- 


dom. 

The Brethren’s church, compared with other de- 
nominations, is a small body—but she is animated 
by the Spirit of the living God. Other Protestant 
communities have been roused to activity in the 
Missionary field by her example—and look upon her 
with mingled feelings of admiration and respect; 
thus imposing upon her ministers and members addi- 
tional obligations to remember their high vocation, 
and to watch against the intrusion of a worldly 
spirit. Their prosperity as a Church depends upon 
their simple faith and scriptural discipline—if they 
depart from the one or relax in the other, the days 


of persecution may again return to ‘“ try them as 


gold is tried.” 


tp Rotate nie 3a 
idueh off cant) tvodguotdt oo -yaiag won” 
Joly will genus Rotel MWR an lave to garg ult. 5 
silt vl atyunt Inqent® ole To estivouh yay all. 
iin, boxing mood oval smodlinglh. quai 
dvos Lnerg sili tc —“alsaal silane, Ante ulqoeolinig " | 
Yo Hinvt shyegis @ .iepsibachienn oo voubregorla _ ' 
fe ane ew alii qlovil ovew a Soe eydine ; 
boa wobllieraque yolaadoh ole 4a iemmitedon od. ; 
aiats bation ovo doidw....ccaileteaom qgninobash — 
-feieil) longitrog sit alerted mont hits ~~ . 


voto din Lertaqano thous eerudanth od 
batwanian et ola toile ybod Heme a A 

jndeston('l tod dst) qnivil oil lo sitig& ads ye. 
ails ch qtivdow oi, tame wod ave ebtinwauteo, ~ 
shit noize dvol bin—elqaesce sad ed blo yramoieai lt, 

+ foopert bus atoltertienbe qo egnilodt bolgaiar din 
Jhbs sredntont hue mominiar sad Hog painoqial enlt 
aonmaey dgid slows tedawars 0 tne ilde Innott 
(lbkrow 6 0 atbiawetat wilt detrtnge dotaw od bem 
sonperabangob abouds a ae gtrayre nt sin!’ ainiqe 
site Wmapnilqinnite Linuaqrine bate tial ohyrvis vines 


ahr veagueeseronacenee 


IND 


EX. 


ACONTIUS, Dr. Nicolas, ii. 193,194. | 

Administration of the Consistory, i. | 
194, 204. 

Agricola, Sebastian, i. 144. 

Ailber, Peter, rector of the Lutheran 
school, i. 238. : 

Alanus, Prior Dominicus, ii. 207. 

Albert, the chancellor, his miserable 
death, i. 41. 

Albigenses and Waldenses, persecu- 
tion of, ii. 260—264. 

All-Saints, church of, ii. 15. 

Altenberg, exiles at, ii. 406. 

Ambrosius of Hradek, i. 19. 

Ambrosius, Father, sufferings of, ii. 
300—305. 

Anabaptists banished; emigrate to 
Transylvania, ii. 10. 

Anhalt, Prince of, commands the 
Bohemiaus, i. 367; defeated on 
the White-hill, 367; advises the 
king to fly, 376. 

Antecanius, Simon, torture of, ii. 23. 

Antichrist, applied to the Pope, i. 4. 

Anti-reformation of Bohemia, ii, 4, 
5; comniission for, appointed, 40; 
gencral proceedings of, 135—159; 
in the towns of Bohemia, 174— 
229; consequences of, 260—276. 

Anti-reformation commissioners, ii. 
40, 42, 62, 74, 93, 116, 118, 125, 
140, 170, 171, 185, 186. 

Apology of the Brethren, i, 49. 

Apologies of the Utraquistic states, 
i, 302. 

Apostates, ii. 7. 

Armenia, Bohemian ministers sent 
to, i. 44. 

Arnheim, General, ii. 276, 299. 

Arseniug, dean, ft. 347. 

Articles of Prague, i. 24, 137, 

Articles of defence, i. 223, 234, 340. 

Augusta, John, bishop of the Bre- 
thren, i.47; imprisoned, 53; tor- 
tured, 54; visits Luther, 69, 

Augustus of Saxony, anecdote of, i. 
258. 


Balbin, his account of Adam Kra- 
warsky, ii. 99—109; and other 
Jesuit converters, 111,112. 

Balthasar, Sebastian, his reply to 
Gunther, ii. 703; installation at 
Friedland, 73. 

Balzer, G. ii. 246—248. 

Banner, Field-marshal, ii. 291. 


Basiliuns of Deutschenbere, aposta- 
tizes, ii. 77. 

Basle, council of, i. 23. 

Bavaria, duke William of, i. 120. 
Becker, Hans, library of, ii. 03. 
Benisch, Michacl, ii. 105. 
Bensen, anti-reformation in, ii, 209, 
210: 

Berlin, Bohemian exiles at, ii, 393, 
408, 411, 412. 

Bethlehem church granted to the 
Brethren, i. 128. 

Bethlehem Gabor, i. 442. 

Bible translated by the Brethren, i. 
Ili. 

Bibles, destruction of, ii. 9, 54, 86. 

Bibran, baron Henry, ii. 126. 

Bidschow, anti-reformation in, ii. 
195, 196. 

Bila, Frederic, execution of, i. 418. 

Bilek, Jacob, imprisoned, 1.03; and 
tortured, 54. 

Biskupecz, Nic. i. 22, 24, 27. 

Bitowsky, Wenzel, tortured, i. 442 ; 
beheaded at Briinn, 443. 

Blasius, Matthias, death of, i. 14. 

Bleyssa, John, sufferings and exile 
of, ii. 203, 204. 

Bohemia, introduction of Christian- 
ity into, i. 1; Romish ritual en- 
forced in, 2; Wicklif’s writings 
earried into, 6; discord in, 11; 
the reformation in, 45; invaded 
by the troops of Passau, 243; 
by the imperialists, 362, 374 5; An- 
ti-reformation of, ii. 4, 265; emi- 
eration of Protestants from, 352. 

Bohemian Apology, ii. 137. 

Bohemian Brethren. Sce Brethren. 

3ohemian Confession of faith, i. 105; 
charter, 167. 

Bohemian names become extinct, i. 
441; charters destroyed, 441. 

Bohemians send delegates to Basle, 
i. 23; restored to the church, 20; 
refuse to assist Rudolph against 
the Turks, 186; proceedings of 
the states, 150, 

Boleslaw the Pious, i. 2. 

Boniface IX. permits the communion 
in both kinds to the Kuttenbergers, 
i. 4. 

Book of Persccutions, i, 33, 128,272, 
ii. G6, O20, ol) o4, BO, 139, 16u, 
173, 208, 239, 295, 330, 355,357, 
300, 417. 


Shame duit» 


_- Apadeniin A at os erage deed 


~w twos tpentalimeitbaberedt wets io en Sade oon ai 
ae ek | ppm belie 4 


JB | avligatl 
M8 A ede!) maddie 
J erorrdbeeral ands ef a 


AS bd (0 sik Mo mottaw ste sali 
cd an) vernael Gord ,aeeditt 
at ve read) eatery -tts a ae 


eetase sath y 
ol Sigaitealyqint aiaon b- Mt 
6 boven 


Ss 8 21a are | 
(thet ben Jae! garecit 


i obl A he dros anita ; 
alfys. tad gen mae 
ne ‘ 


boy rt rhe 1 erok vii 


tt a Palani hi Gini hsivtes 
ewalenrwin adi. 


Oot a, eek teas aniaiotod 
Gl yetvaiia 
al faniten ocrcad varna a 
Abb hoyeiieob eretiads y Me 
Aieatl 09 extorsish baw Selinedietl 
402 dterudy arid of Havers | N24 
Hote Tinew Hh mailtoy 


S aeiinirerth ethavnpak Mvmt Meio 


Jot 2 tet i 
CTDk yobs 00 00 crime 


ree TERY 


ace pe NATE 


432 


INDEX. 

Borbonius, Dr., i. 437; receives a Calixtines, oppose the Taborites, 
pardon, but refuses to apostatize, | i. 13,14; demand the cup, 21; 
437; is banished ,438; leaves Zittau, bishops of, 43; adhere to the 
ii. 369; arrives at Thorn, 414. 1 Pope, 44; seek ordination from 

Borott, pastor, ii, 373. \ Wittemberg, 57. 

Borzita, Jaroslaw, count of Marti- | Callenberg, Count, ii. 367. 


nitz-Smeczansky, ii. 140. 
Borzivoy, duke, i. 1. 


Calovius, Abraham, ii. 418. 
| Culvinism, introduced into Bohe- 


Braunau, disturbance at, i. 275; the | mia, i. 48. 


church shut up, and the citizens 
imprisoned, 277,278; the abbot 


of, 280; citizens liberated, 297. 


Calvinists, take possession of the 
Cathedral at Prague, i, 356. 
Campanus, John, apostatizes, ii. 77. 


Breslau, baron Zierotin removes to, | Canisius, the Jesuit, i. 73; excites 
ii. 53, 167. the Emperor against the Luther- 
Brethren, the Bohemian, i. 13; per- ans, 102, 


secuted, 26, 41, 42; their his- Canterbury, James and Conrad of, 


tory, 383; called Picurds, 35 


; oppose Popery at Prague, i. 7. 


theology of, 37; elect bishops, | Capito, Paul, death of, ii. 21. 


39 ; expelled from Hungary, 40 


; | Caraffa, Cardinal, i. 258 ; ij. 266. 


opinions respecting, 44; send.| Cardaneus the Jesuit, i. 117, 118, 
their Apology to Ferdinand, 49; | NOE Wes 

persecuted by him, 51; emigrate, Carmelites, conduct of, at the Klein- 
51; falsely accused, 54; again | _ site of Prague, ii. 14. 
persecuted, 62; distinction be- | Caroline University, proceedings in, 
tween them and the Lutherans, | 1.8; obtained by the Jesuits, ii. 77. 
68; present their Confession to | Carpzov, Benedict, ii. 408. 

the Margrave George, 63; ap- | Cathedral of Prague seized by the 


proved by Luther, 69; suspicions | 


Calvinists, i, 366; reeunsecrated 


against them, 70; petition the | by the Jesuits, 382. 


king, 71; translate the Bible, 111 


; | Catholics. See Romanists. 


obtain the Bethlehem chureh, | Celcstin III. sends a legate to 


123; opposition to, 192; perse- Prague, i. 3. 
cution of, ii. 16, 24, 53, 103, 182, Celibacy of the priests, i. 2; re- 


365 ; settlement at Grosshenners- 
dort, 373; at Niesky, 337, 388; 
church discipline of, 422; Co- 
menius’ address to, 423. See 


Moravian Brethren, 

Brethren’s Bible,” printed at Kra- 

litz, ii. 53. 

Brethren’s Hymn-book, ii. 59, 269, 
333. 

Bridcl, Frederic, ii. 110. 

Brus, Anton, the archbi-hop, i. 99. 

Bubna, John, leader of the evan- 
gelicals, i. 139, 180. 

Buchholz, town of, ii. 406. 

Budowa, Wenzel, chief of the Bo- 
hemian nobility, i. 136; his fifteen 
articles, 137, 189, 140; conduct 
in the diet, 148, 153, 160, 16d; 
his zeal, 192; craves assistance 
from Moravia, against the Pas- 
sauers, i. 245; sketch of his life, 
403; imprisonment, 400; execu- 
tion, 409. 

Budweis, besicved, i. 251. 

Bukacz, Johu, ii, 182, 153. 

Biirglitz, anti-reformation in, ti, 232, 

Burnatius, Matthias, death of, ii, 
112. 

Buquoy ravages Bohemia, i, 302; 
destroys the tomb of Ziska, 378. 


ae 


marks on, 97, 129. 
Chanowsky, Peter, ii. 108. 
Chalices, destruction of, ii. 13,17, 
o+. See Cup. 
Charles IV. enjoins obedience to the 
Pope, i. 5. 
Charles V., anecdotes of, i. 10, note, 
ii.3 ; attacks the Protestants, i. 40. 
Charter granted by Rudolph I,, i. 
127, 141, 167; attempts to in- 
validate it, 241. 
Christian, clector of Saxony, i. 191. 
Christian V. king of Denmark, be- 
friends the Bolemian exiles, w. 
417. 
Christianity, introduction of, into 
Bohemia, i. }. 
| Churehyards, profanation of, it, 16. 
Church-Musie, ii. 160. 
Churches built by the Utraquists, 
ijeo7s Closinmolpit. V2, 2125 ve= 
consecration, 133; destruction, 14. 
Citizenship of Prague, i. 240. 
Clemens, Wenzel, ii. 417. 
Clement VIII., bull of, i, 133. 
Clements, Rey. Adam, attends the 
condenined Directors on the seaf- 
| fold, i. 432. 
Clergy, Protestant, exasperates tlic 
Catholics, i, 283 ; expelled, ti. 20, 


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INDEX. 433 


Clergymen of Prague banished, i, 
60—76; ii. 27. 

Clesel, Melchior, i. 242, 253, 272. 

Coin, debasement of, in Bohemia, i. 
375. 

Colestin, archdeacon John, ii. 192, 
193. 

Comenius, Amos, on the consistory, 
i. 190 ; ii. 241, 260; pastor at Ful- 
nek, 419; account of his life and 
works, 420, 421 ; address to the 
Bohemian Brethren, 423—428. 

Communion, different opinions on, 
i726. 

Compactates, i. 24; again enforced, 
i. 260. 

Confession, public, i. 91. 

Confession, Bohemian, i. 104. 

Confession of Faith. See Apology. 

Confiscations, of Bohemian estates, 
i. 439. 

Conrad, archbishop, renounces his 
office, i. 173; appoints a Utra- 
quistical consistory, 17. 

Consistory of the Utraquists, i. 189 ; 
administration of, 193, 204, 

Consistory, utraquistical, i. 18. 

Constance, council of, i. 10. 

Converters, Monks and Jesuits, 
craftiness of, ii. 5,6; their ridi- 
cule of the emigrants, 7; system- 
atical severity, 8; Lichtenstein’s 
dragoons, 114—128. 

Corpus-Dei, church of. See All- 
saints. 

Corvinus, John, i. 190. 

Council of Constance, i. 10; Basle, 
23. 

Crantz, Albert, ij. 403. 

Crato, physician to Maximilian IJ. 
i. 101. 

Crucifixers sent to Boheinia, i. 29; 
their barbarities 30. 

Cruppius, pastor, ii. 869, 371, 372. 

Cup in the Lord’s Supper refused to 
the people, i. 2, 3; contention 
for, 21; concession of, 77 ; pre- 
cautions in the use of, 78; pro- 
clamation regarding, 83 ; remarks 
on, 87; importance of, 03. 

Cyril, John, i. 190. 

Cyrillus, the monk,i. I. 

Cyrillus, John, chosen senior of the 
Brethren, i. 275; in exile at 
Lissa, ii. 415. 

Cyrus, Muthias, senior of the 
Brethren, i. 190 ; death of, 275. 
Czaslau, Anti-reformation comwis- 

sion at, ii. 40, 

Czernin, Dionys, governor of Prague 
castle, i. 327; his imprisonment, 
419; execution, 420, 

VOL Il. 


| 


| 


Dalimil’s chronicles burnt, i. 376 ; 
ii. 82. 

Damborsky, Frederic, torture aud 
death of, ii. 21. 

Dampierre’s cuirassiers rescue Perdi- 
nand IT., i, 382. 

David, Christian, first settler at 
Herrnhut, ii. 378. 

Defence, articles of, i. 340. 

Defenders, appointment of, i. 139, 
185; fill the university chairs, 
191 ; instructions to, 212; articles 
of the, 223; difficult position of, 
254; appoint a congress, 520; 
assume the government, 326; im- 
prisoned, 387. See Directors. 

Defenestration, the, i. 293. 

Denmark, Bohemian exiles in, ii. 
417. 

Dethmar, bishop of Bohemia, i. 3. 

Diaspora, the, ii. 334, 385, 428, 

Dicastus, George, i. 177; sum- 
moned before Lichtenstein, ii. 25. 

Diet of Utraquists, i. 30; the bloody, 
51, 

Diet of 1609, proceedings in, i. 140. 

Dietel, Father, sufferings of, ii. 306, 
307. 

Dietrichstein, Cardinal, i. 440, 442. 

Dietrichstein, Adam, governor of 
Moravia, i. 117. 

Dionysius, Nicholas, has his tongue 
nailed to the gallows, i. 433. 

Dippoldswalde, centenary festival 
at, ii. 397. 

Directors, importance of the office, 
ii. 326; their decree against the 
Jesuits, 333; assume the govern- 
ment, 3309; imprisoned, 387 ; 
their examination, 390 ; and sen- 
tence, 391 ; their behaviour in 
prison, 396; and on the scaffold, 
3909—433. 

Dohna, Charles Hannibal, ii. 118— 
120. 

Dominicans, ii. 113, 136, 162. 

Dominicus a Jesu, i, 367. 

Dortlel, Christopher, ii. 407, 415. 

Drahomira, persecutes the Chris- 
tians, i. 2. 

Dresden, Peter de, i. 26. 

Duchozlaw of Prague, his cruelty 
and death, i, 66. 

Dudek, Severin, ii. 16. 

Durninger, Danicl, ii. 388. 

Dworschezky, Procopius, exccution 
of, i. 427. 


Ebersperg, the castellan, i. 118. 
Pyver, George, sutierings of, ii. 65. 
Eger, Aunti-reformation in, il. 104, 
195; Bohemian exiles at, 405. 
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434 INDEX. 


Elibogen, regulations for public 
worship at, i. 112. 

Elsner, pastor J. G. ii. 412. 

England, Bohemian exiles in ii, 
416, 420. 

Epperlein, Kilian, ii. 405, 

Erastus, George, supported by Baron 
Zierotin, ii. 52. 

Erfurt, college at, founded, i. &. 

Erhard, curate of Nicolsberg, i. 120, 

Ering, Ch, of Leipzic, ii. 211. 

Evangelical clergymen banished, i. 
56; ii. 20.— See Protestants. 

Evangelicals, why so called, i. 123; 
Opposition to, 125; troubles of, 134. 

Execution of the Directors, i. 396. 


Felix, Caspar, a Franciscan friar, 
i. 163. 

Felmer, Martin, ii. 209, 290. 

Fels, Leonard, i. 139, 180. 

Ferdinand J. opposes the Refurma- 
mation in Bohemia, i, 47, 48; 
persecutes the Brethren, 51; de- 
poses the clergymen, 56; desires 
a union in religion, G7 ; his 
edicts against the Picards, 71 ; 
demands the use of the cup, 77 ; 
marriage of priests, 97. 

Ferdinand II., adopted by the Em- 
peror Matthias, i. 255; his prin- 
ciples, 2656; intolerance, 257 ; 
vows to the Virgin, 259; his 
edict against tle Protestants in 
Styria, 260; his answer to their 
petition, 264; ratifies the privi- 
leges of the Bohemian states, 
270; visits Silesia and Moravia, 
271; succeeds the Emperor Mat- 


| Ferus, George, ii. 110. 
Fleischmann, Johann, ii. 188, 189. 
Frederic the Palatine, elected King 

of Bohemia, i. 353; his reception 
and character, 354; proposes to 
melt the Church plate, 305; de- 
feat of his army on the White- 
Hill, 367; flies from Prague, 
371; deposed from his electorate, 
384. 
Freiberg, Bohemian exiles at, ii. 
402. 
Frenzel, Abraham, ii. 865. 
Friedland, Anti-reformation Com- 
mission at, ii. 615; expulsion of 
Superintendent Gunther from, 
62—72; attachment of the peo- 
ple to Lutheranism, 73,74; Pro- 
testant schoolmasters expelled 
from, 76; emigration from, 297. 
Frahwein, Martin, imprisonment 
and death of, i. 434. 
Fuga, treatment of the Protestants 
of, ii. 316, 317. 
Fulnek, destruction of the books at, 
ji. 86; Amos Comenius, pastor 
of, 419. 


Gallas, General, humanity of, ii. 
289. 

Galli, exiled minister, 1i, 371. 

Garth, Dr., i. 287 ; ii. 400. 

Gartner, Rey. Mr. ii. 397, 398. 

Gebhardsdorf, Bohemian exiles at, 
ii. 889—39}. 

Gehler, Michael, of Gorlitz, ii. 79. 

Geising, centenary festival at, il. 
396—398. 


thias, 349 ; opposed by the States, 
350; sends troops against the 
Utraquists, 350; attacked in his 
castle, 352; subdues the Bohe- 
mians, 367; debases the coin, 
375; recalls the Jesuits, 377 ; 
visits Prague Cathedral, 3884 ; 
burns the Bohemian charters, 
441; yesolves to convert DBohe- 
mia to Popery, ii. 1 ; his motives, 
2; influence of Jesuits over him, 
3; issues an edict for the expul- 
sion of the Protestant Clergy, 149; 
confirms the privileges of the Bo- 
hemians, 154 ; his severe edicts, 
155, 167; banishes the Protes- 
tants from Bohemia, 260—269; 
his treatment of Baron Zierotin, 
50—52 ; unwillingness to use 
coercion, 186, 266; death, 296, 


Ferdinand Jit, accession of, ii. 206; 


severity against the Protestants, | 
297, 2u8. | 


Georgenfeld, founded by the Bohe- 
mian refugees, ii. 8395—398. 
German clergy, obliged to quit 
Prague, ii. 32, 33; deliverance 
from their enemies, 37, 38. 
Gersdorf of Malschwitz, ii, 113. 
Gersdorf, Lady Henrietta Sophia, 
grants a settlement on Grosshen- 
nersdorf to the Bohemian Bre- 
thren, ii. 373; at Schonbrunn, 
376 ; permits the Moravian Bre- 
thren to settle at Iferrnhut, 377. 
Gersdorf, Hans, testimonial to Gun- 
ther, ii. 70; Adolph, receives the 
exiles in Upper Lusatia, ii. 366. 
Gerstenberger, Dr. Marcus, i. 178. 
Gisbitsky, Wenzel, execution of, i. 
432. 
Glogau, Anti-reformation at, il. 
121 ; Protestant worship restored, 
200; restricted, 201 ; dismissal of 
the administrator Poppschitz, 
206; 


Gorlitz, persecutions at, ii. 370. 


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INDEX. 435 


Gossner, pastor, ii, 412. 

Gotze of Lubeck, ti. 352, 363. 

Grafenstein, Anti-reformation at, ii. | 
LIGHT 

Gregory, Rokyzan’s nephew, i. 34, | 

Griesbach, Sebastian, i. 76. 

Grosshennersdorf, Bohemian Bre- 
thren at, ii. 378—876;  dis- 
satisfaction of the exiles, 409; re- | 
emigration of part into Prussia, 
410; and settlement in Berlin, 
411. 

Grunberg, outrages committed at, 
H. 123—-126. 

Gruter, Bishop of Neustadt, i.117. 

Gunther, Wolfgang, ii. 61; his ac- 
count of the expulsion of the Pro- 
testant clergy from the domains 
of Wallenstein, G2—G9; Pastor 
at Zittau, 70; death, 71, 365. 

Gunther, Anthon, ii. 365. 

Gurk, bishop of Vienna, i. 84. ' 

Gustavus Adolphus, invites the 
fugitive Bohemians to Sweden, ii. 
417. 


Ifansbursky, Nicol, cruelties of. ii. 
202, 203. 

Harant, Christopher, sketch of the 
life of, i. 409 ; his execution, 414, 

Warrach,Cardinal, Bishop of Prague, 
ii. 140, 148. 

Harrach, Count Ernst of, complains 
of the Jesuits, ii. 06, 

Hartmann, Adam, ii. 415. 

Haschek of Welisch, i. 20. 

Hauenstein, Countess, ii. 407. 

Yay, John Leopold, Bishop of Ko- 
nigingratz, circular of, ii. 340, 
34). 

Iledikiussin, Anna, sufferings of, ii. 
360. 

Hentschel, Adam, expelled from 
Schweidnitz, ii, 127. 

Werrmann, Bishop, death of, i. 18. 

YWerrnhut, settlement of, ii. 377, 
378; Saxon commission inquires 
into its affairs, 372; receives a 
royal protection, 380; picture at, 
ii. 3, nole. 

Ilertwiz, Jolin, ii. 407. 

Hillebrand, Caspar, ii. 110. 

Illawsa, burgomaster of Prague, | 
banished, i. GO. 

IIochta, Wenzel, burnt, i. 12. 

Hocky, Theobald, i, 277. 

Boe.Drie237,. 208. | 

Jlofman, Gottfried, ii. 365. | 

}lofstette, John, ii. 400. 

Hohenloe, Countess, fi. 371. 

Holland, Bohemian exiles in, ii. 419, 
416. 


Hollar, Wenzel, ii, 416. 

Holyk, George, his account of the 
Polish monks, ii. 55,56 ; depar- 
ture of the clergy from Prague, 
58—61; destruction of Protestant 
books, 87--91 ; treatment of the 
dead, 137; edicts of Ferdinand 
IT., 164; proceedings against the 
Protestant nobility, 161—163 ; 
secret worship in the forests, 255 
258; mode of converting by the 
Jesuits, 292—294; sufferings of, 
307—312; passes through Wit- 
temberg, 408; takes refuge in 
Sweden, 417. 

Hostialek, Maximilian, burgomaster 
of Saaz, beheaded, i. 429. 

Howorka, Adam, ii. 139. 

Hronow, Paul, retained by Baron 
Zievotin, li, 52. 

Huber, Adam, professor of medicine, 
ip LOU 

Huerda, Don Martin de, conduct 
of, at Kuttenberg, ii. 151; at 
Bidschow, 195; at Saaz, 197,198; 
at Tauss, 199 ; at Dobrzisch, 253, 
254. 

Hungary, Bohemian exiles in, ii. 
418. 

Huss, translates Wickliff’s writings, 
i.G; account of, 7; his specch in 
the Caroline college, 8; elected 
rector of the University, 8; 
opposes indulgences, U3 sum- 
moned to Rome, 9; condemned 
and burnt at Constauce, 10. 

Hussite ministers put to death, i. 
29. 

Hussites, excommunicated, i. 11; 
persecuted, 21; send ministers to 
Armenia for ordination, 44; op- 
posed by the Jesuits, 74. 

“ Hussitish Bell,” i. 335. 

Hutter, Conrad, ii. 431. 


Imprisonment of the Directors and 
Defenders, i. 387. 

Indulgences opposed at Prague, i. 9. 

Innocent VII., i. 6. 

Invasion of the Passauers, i. 243— 
2ol. 

Israel, George, imprisoned, i. 54; 
escapes, 00, 


Jablonsky, Bishop Daniel Ernst, 
ordains David Nitschmann and 
Count Zinzendorf bishops of the 
renewed Church of the Brethren, 
ii. 378; preacher of the colony of 
Bohemian Brethren at Berlin, 
412. 

Jacksch, Wenzel, torture of, ii, 22. 

Jicobai, the historian, i, 103. 

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436 INDEX. 


Jacobellus of Misa, i. 6. 

Juheda, John, imprisonment of, ii. 
203. 

Jaksch, Veit, attendsthe condemne] 
Directors, i. 397 ; ii. 417. 

Janicke, pastor, ii. 412. 

Janow, Matthew, demands a re- 
formation of the church, i, . 

Jaronier, captain of, i. 18. 

Jednook, Procopius, martyrdom of, 
19, 

Jerome of Prague, carries Wicklif’s 
writings from England to Bohe- 
mia, i.6; his martyrdom, 10. 

Jessenius, Dr.,i. 192; account of 
his life, 424; condemned to die, 
426; his execution, 427. 

Jesipek, sub-chancellor, ii. 199. 

Jesuits, arrive in Bohemia, i. 72; 

their progress, 74; remarks on, 
75 ; oppose the Bohemian charter, 
242; insult the Evangelicals, 253, 
273; banished by the states, 327; 
doctrines of, 327; recalled, 377 ; 
reconsecrate the cathedral, 582; 
their influence, ii. 3; conduct of, 
in reconsecrating Trotestant 
churches, 12, 13; at Ullersdorf, 
75; expel the Protestant schiool- 
masters, 76—C9; destroy Pro- 
testant books, 87—93; agency in 
the Anti-reformation, D1—114; 
two killed by the peasants, 113; 
conduct at Saaz, 197, 198; Terz- 
manmeistez, 2345; Grusitz, 243; 
persecutions by, 298—-3113; sup- 
pression of their order, 335, 336. 

Jesuit college threatened, i. 152, 

Joachimstahl, Auti-reformation in, 
ii, 211—216. 

Jodocus, bishop of Breslau, ii, 15S. 

Johaungeorgenstadt, exiles at, ii. 
405. 

John Frederic, Elector of Saxony, 
anecdote of, ii. 404. 

Johstadt, exiles at, ii. 405. 

Joseph I1., Toleration Edict of, ii. 
335; joy of the Protestants in 
eonsequence, 338 ; Toleration Fes- 
tival, 339; results of the edict, 
340—351. 

Jungbunzlau, Anti-reformation at, 
ii. 1B2—189, 


Kalenetz, John, punishment of, i, 61. 

Kapihorsky, Simon, describes the 
proceedings of the Calvinists at 
Prague, i. 369. 

Kaplirz, Baron, execution of, i. 415, 

Kaupilius, Johann, his sufleriugs, 
exile, and death, ii, 41. 

Kaurzim, insurrection of the pca- 
santry in, ii. 209, : 


Keimann, Zacharias, banished from 
Ullersdorf, ii. 74. 

Keimann, Christian, professor at 
Zittau, ii. 365. 

Kezel, George, ii. 183, 184, 186. 

Kleinseite, citizens of, i. 871. 

Kleyeh, Wenzel, sccret book trade 
of, ii. 833. 

Klingenthal, exiles at, ij. 407. 

Klostergrab, disturbance at, i. 27 
the chureh destroyed, 277. 

Kobr, Christopher, execution of, i. 
427. 

Kochan, Valentine, opposes the 
election of Ferdinand, i. 422; his 
execution, 425, 

Kolaeznik, Johann, ii. 195. 

Kolowrat, Ferdinand, ii. 111. 

Kolowrat, Count Zdenko  Leib- 
steinsky, his perseeution of the 
Protestants, ii. 115—117 5; at 
Rokyzan, 2Z00—202; at Gabel, 
207, 208; Friedland, 249, 250. 

Komothau, expulsion of the clergy 
of, i. 135. 

Konezchlumsky, William, executed, 
i. 420. 

Koniasch, Anton, account of, ii. 90, 
91. 

Konigingritz, outrages at, i. 19; de- 
struction of books at, ii. 86; 
Jcsuit college at, 103; Anti- 
reformution in, 192—J94; perse- 

cutions in, 326, 327; emigrants 
from, 368, 376. 

Koranda, Wenzel, i. 22; contends 
for the doctrines of Huss, 31. 

Kotwa of Freyfeld, his proecedings 
in Friedland, ii. G62—69. 

Kozaur, Andreas, beheaded, i, 432. 


Kozel, Henry, executed, i. 432. 

Krager of Kragirz, i. 69. 

Kralitz, Herr von, ii. 199. 

Kralitz, ‘ Brethren’s Bible” printed 
at, ii. 53. 

Krasa, John, condemned and burnt, 
rE 

Krause, Jolin, his zeal in the Anti- 
reformation, ii. 08. 

Krawarsky, Adam, account of, ii. 99 
—-109. 

Kretsehman, reetor of Geising, ii. 
396. 

Kreuzberg, Evangelical community 
formed at, ii, 346. 

Kunwald, Matthew, i. 39. 

Kunwald, Anti-reformation at, ii. 
103. 

Kurz, Lorenz, burnt to death with 
his wife, ii, 24. 

Kutuauer, John, his behaviour in 

prison, i, 429 ;and on the scattold, 

430, 


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INDEX. | 437 


Kottenberg, the cup allowed at, i. 
4; cruelties at, 13; proceedings 
of Anti-reformation commission- 
ers at, ij. 42, 179—181. 


Lamberg, bishop of Prague, opposes 

the Evangelicals, i. 125, 139. 
Lamormain, Father, ii. 119, 266. 
Lancisi, Peter, ii, 113. 


» Landherr, Dr.G. ii. 213, 214. 


Lanetius, Johann, supported by 
Baron Zierotin, ii. 52. 

Lang, Bartholomew, ii. 184. 

Latin language, use of, in divine 
service enforced, i. 2. 

Lauenstein, exiles at, ii. 398. 

Laun, Peter de, i. 6. 

Laurentius, deacon, ii. 206. 

Lehmann, Clemens, ij, 207. 

Lehmann, Mr. Justice, ii. 397. 

Leipsic, university of, founded, i. 8. 

Leippa, anti-reformation in, ii. 206. 

Leitmeritz, cruel proceedings at, i. 
14; ii, 189—192. , 

Leopold, archduke of, Austria, i. 
140. 

Leopold, bishop of Passau, i. 243, 
248. 

Lesno, Count Raphael of, ii. 417. 

Leutenbeck, Albert, ii. 406. 

Leyfert, pastor, ii. 210. 

Leyser, Polyearp of Wurtemberg, i. 
Ir. 

Liberda, John, ii. 375, 409; im- 
prisoned, 411. 

Lichtenstein, Prince, arrives in 
Prague, i. 376; imprisons the 
directors and defenders, 337 ; ob- 
tains pardon for Dr. Borbonius, 
437 ; bistreatment of the Bohe- 
miun nobility, 439; six urticles 
of, ii. 25; refused by the clergy 
of Prague, and severe edict in 
consequence, 26—36; commands 
the suppression of private Pro- 
testant worship, 176. 

Lichtenstein’s dragoons, instrumen- 
tality of, in effecting the enti- 
reformation, ii, 114—128, 174— 
220. 

Lissa, destruction of, ii. 210; emi- 
gration to, 418; Amos Comenius, 
professor at, 419. 

Lobkowitz, the chancellor, opposes 
the Protestants, i. 140, 164; re- 
fuses to sign the charter, 181, 182; 
which he afterwards infringes, 
273. ‘ 

Lobkowitz, Diepold, one of the 
governors, i. 288. : 

Lobkowitz, William, i. 203, 356, 
366 ; submits to the imperialists, 
372. 


| 


| 


Lohelius, the archbishop, 273, 375; 
recalled, 877. 

Lomnizky, Simon, the poet, suffer- 
ings of, i, 438. 

Loputsky, George, murdered, i. 62. 

Loquis, Martin, martyrdom of, i. 1¥. 

Loskowitz, George, persecutes the 
Evangelicals, i. 135. 

Loss, Katharina Ottia, ii. 251. 

Losz, Otto, execution of, i. 419. 

Lucas of Prague, i. 42; ii. 422. 

Lucian, Augustin, an Italian bishop, 
i, 43, 

Luckau, exiles at, ii. £03. 

Ludmilla, the duchess, baptism of, 
i, 1; put to death, 2. 

Lusatia, exiles at, ii, 403. 

Luther’s opinion of the Bohemian 
Brethren, i. 44; reformation by, 
45; spread of his doctrines in 
Bobemia, 46; correspondence 
with the Brethren, 69; receives 
pupils from Joachimsthal, ii. 211. 

Lutheran schools in Prague, i. 238. 

Lutheranism misrepresented, ii. 3. 

Lutherans, number of, in Bohemia, 
ii. 347. 


Magno, Johann Jacob, anti-refor- 
mation commissioner in Moravia, 
ii. 48. 

Makasius, Dr. Paul, ii. 403, 404. 

Mansfeldt, the Protestant general, 
i. 352; maintains himself in Bo- 
hemia, 378; driven out, 441. 

Marisch, Martin, cruel treatment of, 
aoe 

Martha of Porzicz, i. G4. 

Martin V., excommunicates the 
Hlussites, i. 11. 

Martin, Joun Christopher, ii. 554. 

Martini, Samucl, account of, ii. 57, 
58, 408, 416; sufferings of his 
widow, 363. 

Martinitz, appointed Burgrave of 
Karlstein, i. 275, 238; account 
of, 292; thrown from the castle 
window, 293; remurkable pre- 
servation, 204. 

Martius, George, ii. 404, 

Matthesius, John, ii. 21). 

Matthiades, Jolin, expelled from 
Kuttenbery, ii. 43. 

Matthiades, Paul, ii. 372. 

Matthias, a hermit, preaches the 
doctrines of the retorimation, i. 45, 
62. 

Matthias, i. 136, 181; nominated 
king of Bohemia, 138; sends as- 
sistance to the Bohemians, 216; 
suececds to the throne of Austria, 
252; promises toleration to the Bo 
hemians, 263; adopts duke Ferdi- 


ce cance 


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7 athe Al DOE Sd emeeh tee qodend hinged 


“Wh dies einagl onnitas iret TN ahs ovate a Gitel 
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438 - 


nand of Styria, i. 255; indigna- 

tion at the violence of the states, 

320; his reply to their Apology, 

321; threatens punishment, 339; 

dies, 349, 

Maximilian of Bavaria, i. 366; de- 
feats the Bohemians, 367, 370; 
enters Prague, 372; returns to 
Bavaria, 373; rewarded with the 
Palatinate, 384. ; 

Maximilian If. becins his reign, i. 
100; tolerates the Evangelicals, 
104 ; his death, 104. 

Menzel, John, refuses to sign tle 
charter, i. 182. 

Methodius, the pricst, i. 1. 

Metsch, Andrew, ii. J09. 

Michalowitz, Bohuslaw, execution 
of, i. 421. 

Michna, Paul, signs the charter, i. 
177, 182; proposes the debase- 
ment of the coin, 3753; oppresses 
the Protestants, 440; instigations 
of, ii.11; his origin and character, 
11, 189. 

Michna, George, brutal conduct of, 
at Schlan, ii. 41; extortion at 
Laun, 42; proceedings at Czas- 
lau, 45. 

Mies, Jacobellus, i. 18, 24, 26. 

Milesius, Jolin, ii. 372. 

Militz, defends the use of the eup, i. 
4, 

Misnia, exiles at, ii. 399. 

Moller, Paul, death of, ii, 21. 

Monch, pastor, banished from Leip- 
pa, ii, 206. 

Moravia, emigration of the Brethren 
to, i. 52; oppression in, 117; 
sufferings of the Evangelicals in, 
442; Anti-reformation Coin- 
misioners in, ii. 48, 5]. 

Moravian Brethren, clergy of, re- 
fuse to apostatize, li, 49; sup- 
ported by Baron Ziecrotin, 62; 
settlement at Joachiimstahl, 211 ; 
build Hernnbut, 377; present 
settlements of, 380—3r6. 

Motezchzky, works of, ii. 333. 

Moyses, Jolin Christoph, ii. 407. 

Moyses, John, torture and death of, 
ii. 23. 

Muller, J. G. Hymn-book of, ij. 373. 

Miunzer, Thomas, i. 46. 

Myconius, Daniel, ii. 183. 

Mystopul, dean of St. Apollinaris, 
67. 


Naglowitz, Nicholas Ray de, ii, 418. 

Nathus, Fabian, ii, 414. 

Nebentrost, George and Daniel, ii. 
405. 


INDEX, 


Neissers, the brethren, ij. 377, 378. 

Neuhans, Joachim, the Chancellor, 
i, 103. 

Neusalz, Bohemian exiles at, ii. 399. 

Nicolas of Bethlehem recants, i. 
13. 


the Lutherans at, i. 117; dis- 

graceful conduct of the priests, 

122; the Lauretana church, ii. 

18, 19. 

| Niesky, founded by the Bohemian 
Brethren, ii. 38G—338. 

Nimes, Anti-Neformation in, ij. 208, 
217. 

Niederostinannsdorf, Bohemianco- 
lony at, ii. 392. _ 

Nitsclanaun, David, ordained bishop 
of the renewed Brethren’s Churel 
ii. 380. 

Nizsbursky, Lorenz, ii. 164. 

Nurnberg, exiles at, ii. 414. 


E) 


Oelschligel, activity of the exile, ii. 
405, 

Olisher, Balthasar, ii. 355, 356. 

Olmutz, Bishop of, i. 119. 

Opoezna, Anti-reformation at, ii. 
103, 104. 

Oration to the memory of those who 
were beheaded at Prague, i. 434. 


Ostrorog, Countess of, ii. 418. 


Pardubitz, archbishop, i. 3; Anti- 
reformation in, ii. 208, 209. 

Parisicnsis, Matthew, i. 40. 

Partlik, Simeon, ii. 357, 416. 

Passau, troops of, invade Bohemia, 
i, 2435 their cruelty, 244; enter 
Prague, 245; driven out, 240, 

Paul, V. Pope, protests against the 
Bohemian Charter, i. 243. 

Pawlowsky, bishop of Olmutz, la- 
bours of, ii. 119, 123. 

Payne, Peter, introduces Wicklif’s 
writings into Bohemia, i. 5; as- 
sists in the Hymn-book, 27. 

Peasantry, sufferings of, ji, 250— 
201s 

Pelzel on the increase of Protes- 
tantism, i. 130; his uccount of 
Baron Zierotin, ii. 63; of Samuel 
Martini, 67, 58; of the Caroline 
University, 77, 79, 80; of the 
Anti-reformation, 82, 110, 161, 
269, 272, 307. 

Peristerius, Peter, announces the 
concession of the cup, i. 82. 

Perstein, Gallus, death of, i. 114. 

Peschek, Ch. sufferings and death 
of, ii, 243—245; descendants of, 
803, 508, 305. 


Nicolsburg in Moravia, oppression of 


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— 


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S04 A twee? .4 leet A sent 
O16 ol \ ie wlan sqruieet - 


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: : ar : _ eat yt - 
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‘in 
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AM ie iopmenmrrlink wm oak) tp gqetlnmnieg 
Amor 


sir want te qe wits ai Hine ie Ae sot snd , 
0b A. ho Nin twbnay ote = & ae 

like Suan. ponaviadt : ut? @rle @e eee anit, 

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INDEX. 439 


Peschek, Christian, ii. 865. 
Pessina’s remarks on the Jes uits, 
74; on Maximilian IT. 103, 
Petermann, George, ii, 391. 
Pfauser, Sebastian, j. 100. 


Picards hated as heretics, i. 22; 


persecuted, 61, 65; emigration of, 
71.— See Brethren. 

coe the burgomaster, cruclty of, 

walls 

P itor Lewis, banished, i. 61. 

Pilarik, Stephen, ii. 362. 

Pirna, exiles at, ii. 393, 394. 

Pisek, Adam, beaten to death at 
Beyteschin, ii. 23. 

Pisck, massacre at, ii. 205. 

Pisezky, Adam, ii. 417. 

Pistorius, Elias, ii, 212. 

Plank, Michael, ii. 111. 

Platter, Fabricius, thrown from the 
eastle window, i. 203; his remark- 
able escape, 294. 

Plateys, Johann Ernest, Anti-re- 
formation Commissioner in Mo- 
ravia, ii. 48. 

Plesnivonz, Daniel, imprisoned, i. 
135. 

Podicbrad, George, king of Bohemia, 
128s anathematized, 23. 

Poland, emigration of the Brethren 
to, i. 51; persecution in, ii. 228, 
229 ; emigration to, 418. 

Polish monks, conduct of, ii. 54-- 
50. 

Pollack, Michacl, his imprisonment 
and death, i. 42. 

Polonns, Michael, suffe ee of, i. 30. 

Pontanus, dean of Prague, i. 134. 

Posen, Bohemian etna al 
‘3 ie 

Possek, John, i. 59; joins the sub- 
una, 60; banished, GG. 

Prachacicz, the curate, i. 27. 

Prachatitz, Anti-refurmation and 
massacre at, ti. 205, 206. 

Prague, excommunicated, i. 9; tu- 
mult at, 11, 43; vacancy in the 
Archbishoprie of, 18; insurrection 
in, 21; articles of, 24; seized by 
Ferdinand J., 51; clergymen of, 
banished, GO; persecution in, 
G5; priests of, refuse to attend 
processions, 106; entered by the 
imperialists, 372 ; ; plundered, 
873 ; the Ci athedral reconseerated, 
382; clerpy of, refuse the articles 
of Prince Lichtenstein, ii. 26; 
banished in consequence, 27 ; 
Protestant oflicers dismissed, 160; 
Anti-reformation in, 175—178 ; 
taken by the Elector of Saxony, 
276; retaken by W allenstein, 28-4 ; 


evangelical SY at, 346, 
347. 
seg HL Valentine, sufferings of, 
Sloe 

Pitedeat marriage of, i. 97 ; refuse 
to attend processions, }. 166, 

Procopius, leader of the Taborites, i. 
23, 24. 

Prosper, bishop of Constance, i. 07. 

Protestantism, increase of, i. 150. 

Protestants, lev y troops against the 
Emperor, i. 139; oppressed in 
Bohemia, 273; clergy reproach 
the Jesuits, 232, 283; account of 
the secret, in Bohemia, ii, 323— 
334. 

Protestant books, destruction of, ii. 
9, 24, 80, 81—93, 126, 208, 210, 
227, 242. 

Protestant churches closed, ii. 12. 

Protestant clergy, banishment of, i. 
56; ii. 20, 24, 43, 50, 58, 74, 75— 
127, 206, 212, 240; return, 276 
—285; second expulsion, 286— 

° 290; sufferings. of, 20-24, 43 
—48, 119, 125. 

Protestant nobility, sufferings of, ii. 
160—172 

Protestant officers dismissed, ii. 160, 
297. 

Prussia, arrival of the Brethren in, i. 
51; Bohemian exiles in, ii. 4OU— 
412. 

Pseniczka, Paul, cruel torture and 
death of, ii. 24. 

Public worship, regulations for, i. 
i Be, 

Pulogius, Zachaeus, delivers an ora- 
tion to the memory of those be- 
headed at Prague, i, 434. 

Questenberg, Caspar, abbot of Stra- 

how, ii. 140, 


Nadzivil, Prince Christopher, ii. 
413, 418. 

Raik, John, ii. 417. 

Nakotzy, George, ii, 41. 

Ramee, Laurence, i. 153, 244, 249, 

Raupowa, Wenzel, i. 203; ii. 277. 

Reicz,an an impoverished knight, i. 
430 ; raises an insurrection, 440 ; 
ii. 260. 

Rechenberg, Henry, sufferings of, ji. 
353, 

Reformation in Bohemia, i. 45 ; 
progress of, 239; by the Pa- 
pists, li. 4. 

Reinhardsdorf, exiles at, ii, 398. 

Regius, John, compelled to quit 
Saaz, ii, 42, 196. 

Richter, Thomas, ii. 389. 


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440 INDEX. 


Rippe, deacon, expelled from Grun- 
berg, ii. 125, 

Rokyzan, sent as delegate to Basle, 
i. 23; is promised the archbishop- 
ric of Prague, 24; attends an im- 
perial diet, 25; his vacillating 
conduct, 26; introduces Bohe- 
Tian hymns, 27; imprisoned, 27; 
tomb of, ii. 17. 

Rohdorfer, Michael, ii. 406. 

Romanists oppose the Reformation, 
148. 

Romish ritual enforced, i. 2. 

Rosacius, John, i. 284; attends the 
Directors at their execution, 396. 

Rosher, Gregor, ii. 207. 

Roth, John, ii. 406. 

Rudiger, Esrom, ij. 53. 

Rudolph II., accession of, i. 117, 
124; tolerates the Protestants, 
127; grants them a charter, 127, 
441; quarrels with his brother 
Matthias, 136; constrained to 
ratify the articles of Prague, 138; 
his edict, 154. 

Ruhr, Franz, ii. 373.5 

Rumpius, Charles, persecutes the 
Brethren, j. 192. 

Rupa, William, advocates the claims 
of Frederic the Elector Patatine, 
i, 353. 

Ruslenus, Jobn Matthiades, ii. 139. 

Rzetschitz, George, beheaded, i. 
432. 

Rziczan, Paul, spokesman of the 
utraquistic states, i, 202. 


Saaz, destruction of books at, il, 
86; Anti-reformation in, 196— 
199 ; exiles at, 399. 

Sagan, outrages at, ii. 128, 120. 

Salvator church, i. 236. 

Salzburg, treatment of the Protes- 
tants of, ii. 318—3826, 

Santinus, Martin, ii. 109. 

Sarkander, John, i. 299; sufferings 
and death of, 300. 

Saubert, M. ii. 414. 

Saxony, a refuge fur the Protes- 
tants, ii, 80, 159, 190, 314, 3066, 
392,993. 

Saxony, Elector of, writes to Wal- 
lenstein on the expulsion of the 
Evangelical preachers, ii. 80, 31 ; 
complains to the Emperor, 82, 
214; defeats the imperial troops, 
27Onert 3 eubers Prague, 231; 
abandons it, 250. 

Sbiako, archbishop, burus Wicklif’s 
writings, i. 9; remarks on contro- 
versy, 132; upposes the Protes- 
tants, 134. 


Schanow, baron of, tortured, i, 56; 
and dies, 57. 

Scherzer, Jacob, ii. 404. 

Scherzer, Jeremy, ii. 196. 

Schiebchen, Boniface, i. 76. 

Schind, Christopher, account of, ii. 
400, 401. 

Schladming, Anti-reformation in, 
ii. 226. 

Schlan, Anti-reformation commis- 
sion at, ii, 40, 202—204; emi- 
grants from, arrive in Herrnhut, 
378. 

Schlik, Count Stephen, i. 46, 139, 
140-—ii. 20; his address to the 
Emperor, i. 147 ; appointed presi- 
dent of the Defenders, 212, his 
apprehension,400 ; execution, 403. 

Schneeberg, exiles at, ii. 400, 401. 

Schoolmasters, banishment of, ij. 20, 
76—80. 

Schools formed by the Lutherans in 
Prague, i, 238. 

Schorkel, Martin, constaney of, and 
expulsion from Prague, ii. 177, 
178. 

Schosser, John Ernest, i. 297 ; his 
tragical death, 299. 

Schrepel, the imperial judge, i. 437. 

Schulz, Abraham, arranges the 
eathedral for Calvinistic worship, 
i, 356, 

Schulz, Augustus, ij. 411. 

Schulz, burgomaster of Kuttenberg, 
beheaded, i, 428. 

Schwebus, enti-reformation at, ii. 
122. 

Sehweidnitz, Anti-reformation at, ii. 
126—123. 

Schweldler, pastor, ii. 373, 378, 300. 

Sclavonic alphabet invented, i. 2. 

Sclayonie liturgy introduced, i. 2. 

Semanin, Elias, administrator of the 
consistory, i. 190, 

Semanina, Daniel Heinrich, ii. 185, 
185, 187, 104. 

Sentences of the Directors and De- 
fenders, i. S01 —304. 

Sever, Wolfyang, tutor of Maximi- 
lian II., i. 100. 

Sherez, Sigismund, account of his 
banishment and sufferings, 11.33,40; 
superintendent of Luneberg, 414. 

Sigismund, Emperor, violates the 
safe-conduct given to Huss, i, 10; 
attacks the Hussites, 11, 14; 
grants more religious freedom, 27. 

Silesia, Bohemian exiles in, ii. 412. 

Sitkow, senior of the Brethren at 
Lissa, i. 370. 

Sixtus V., his letter of indulgence to 
the people of Nicolsberg, 1. 120. 


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INDEX. 441 


Sixtus, John Theodore, reprieved on | Teubner, Dr. proceedings of, at UL 


the scaffold, i, 422. 

vkala, Paul, Bohemian church his- 
tory of, ii. 402. 

Slawata, William, i. 288 ; account of, 
291; thrown from the castle win- 
dow, 203; bis reiarkable preser- 
vation, 204 ; declaration, 290, 

Smotlach, Nicol: as, ii. 413, 

Sinidarsky, George, death of, ii, 184. 

Sobek, chancellor of P1 rague, i, 46. 

Spiratus, Paul, articles of, i. 58. 

Spork, Count, printing-office of,ii.9). 

Spretten, Paul, bishop of, i. 51. 

States of Bohemia, oppose the em- 
peror, i. 148; their proceedings, 
149; prepare to drive out the 
Passauers, 245. 

Statues, mutilation of, ii. 18. 

Steffek, Tobias, one of the directors, 
executed, i. 424. 

Stehlik, Peter, ii. 182. 

Steinberger, Hans, ii. 226. 

Steinmitz, pastor, ii. 377. 

Stephanides Wenzel, i. 193. 

Stephen, bishop of the Waldenses, i. 
39. 

Sternberg, Adam, i. 288. 

Stemberg, Andrew, seizure and mi- 
raculous escape of, ii. 22, 23. 

Steyermark, persecution in the, ii. 
220—228. 

Stickna, advocates the use of the 
cup, i. 4, 

Strahlhaus, General, ii. 394. 

Stransky, Paul, ii. 1QO—192, 414. 

Stransky, Daniel, ii. 373. 

Stransky, Adam, the Astronomer, 
ii. 412. 

Streiz, Felix, sufferings of, ij. 201, 
202. 

Sturm, Wenzel, a distinguished Je- 
suit, 1.73, 

Sulowitz, Baron Karpliz de, ii. 408. 

Sulz, Lewis Count of, i. 244. 

Sussizky, Simeon, hanged at Prague, 
i. 431. 

Swedes, invasion of, 20U—204. 

Swihow, Baron, ii, 16. 

Szeniuta, Abraham, ii. 418. 


Tabor, foundation of, i. 14; sur- 
renders to the imperialists, 442. 
Taborites, persecution of the, i. 13, 

14, 25; their principles, 22. 
Tauber, Simon, ii. 212. 
Tauss, Anti-reformation in, ii, 199— 
202, 
Techenitz, Joachim, i. 163. 
Yechenitz, George, assembles the 
peasants in the Klaurzim forest, 
li. 40. 


lersdorf, ii, 74. 

Thaddius, Jolin, ii. 369, 370. 

Theresa, Empress Maria, ii. 337. 

Thurn, Count, i. 150; appointed 
leader of the Evangelicals, 139, 
180; wounded by the Passauers, 
245,249; deprived of his office 
of burgrave, 275; his character, 
290; excites the statcs to vio- 
lence, 292; pacifies the multi- 
tude, 297 ; appointed commander- 


in-chief, 339; attacks the Emperor - | 


Ferdinand, 3852; joins the Swed- 
ish army, ii. 276, 280. 

Tilly, the imperial general, i. 366, 
373, 304 ; marches against Mans- 
feldt, 4415; is defeated, ii. 276. 

Tobiades, Wenzel, ii. 412. 

Toleration Edict of Joseph IL, ii. 
335 ; results of, 340—351. 

Toleration Festival, ii. 330. 

Torstensohn, General, ii. 291. 

Trautmannsdorf, Adam, i. 244. 

Trinity church, i. 238. 

Troilus, Nicholas, imprisoned, ii, 77. 

Trubacz, Adam, ii. 182, 183. 

Tuck, wife of William, sufferings of, 
ii, 228, 229. 


Ulizky, Matthiius, sufferings and 
martyrdom of, ii. 45—48; 233. 
Ullersdorf, Anti-reformation com- 

mission at, ii. 74, 75. 

University of Prague remodelled, i. 
191. 

Utraquistic states, i, 283; their ex- 
hortation, 285; meet in the castle 
of Prague, 289; throw Martinitz 
and Slawata froin the window, 
293 ; their apologies, 302 ; banish 
the Jesuits, Mc. 327; their pro- 
clamation, 328 ; levy troops, 339 ; 
justify their conduct, 340 ; neyo- 
tiations, 348 ; their designs, dol ; 
engage in hostilities, 352; con- 
sultations, 353; elect Frederic 
the Palatine for their king, 304. 

Utraquistical consistory appointed, 
i.17; exiled, 23. 

Utraquists, i. 17, 71; persecuted, 
19,23; seek ordination from the 
Greek bishops, 29; hold a diet, 
30; their proceedings, BL; their 
doctrines, 32; are persecuted, 42; 
concession of the cup to, 77; 
questioned on the use of, 78; 
manner of administering the holy 
communion, 90; satisfied, 90; 
cousistory of, 189; who were in- 
cluded in that appellation, 193. 

Vienna, Jesuits in, i. 86. 


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442 INDEX, 


Wallenstein, Adam, replies to the 
Elector of Saxony, ii, 31; ex- 
pulsion of the clergy from the 
domains of, G1—74; expels the 
professors from the Caroline Uni- 
versity, 77. 
Waldenses enter Bohiemia,i.5. See 
Picards. 
© Wandering-staff,” ii. 182. 
Wantsch, Martin, ii. 354, 
Wagenheim, David, of Altenberg, 
his “Girdle of Yruth,” ii. 178, 
179. 
Weise, Elias, ii, 365. 
Welensky, Luke, painting by, i. 7. 
Weliky, Jacob, ii. 16. 
Welwar, Paul, torture and death of, 
Th ee 

Wenceslaus, curate, martyrdom of, 
i. 16, 

Wenzel, Duke, i. 2. 

Wenzel, a shoemaker, burnt, i. 19. 

Wenzel, dean, i. 67. 

Wenzel, administrator of the con- 
sistory, degraded, i. 135. 

Werbenius, M. attends the con- 
demned Directors, i. 397. 

White-hill, battle of, i. 867; its re- 

sults, 303. 

Wicklifites condemned, i. 6. 
Wicklif’s writings introduced into 

Bohemia, i. 5 ; condemned, 6, 8 ; 

burnt, 9. 

Wiesenthal, exiles at, ii. 406, 407. 

William Frederic, King of Prussia, 
receives a deputation of the Bo- 
hemian exiles, ii. 409; is pre- 
judieed against them, 410; be- 

friends them, 414. 

Willich, Erasmus, ii. 200, 357, 363. 
Willict, pastor, expelled from Grun- 

berg,ii. 124—126. 

Wiuziger, archdeacon, ii. 870. 
Wittemberg, the Calixtines seck 
ordination from, i, 67; Bohemian 

exiles at, ii. 408. 


} 


Wodniansky, Nathaniel, execution 
of, 1. 841), 

Wok, Prince Peter of Rosenberg, 
his Gymnasium at Sobieslaw, ii. 
79. 

Wokaez, Simon, beheaded, i. 432. 

Wotiz, Wenzel, persecution and 
death of, ii. 20. 

Wratislaw, Christopher, ii. 140. 

Wrezetenarz, Nicolas, martyrdom 
of, i. G3. . 

Vrzesowez, Wilhelm, proceedings 
of, at Kuttenberg, ii. 42. 

Wysotsky, Wenzel, sufferings of, ii. 
198. 


Zahera, Gallus, i. 46; apostacy of, 
58; raises a persecution, 59 ; is 
banished, 6G, 

Zcliveus, John, beleaded, i. 20. 

Zievotin, Charles, i. 137; warns the 
Bohemian States, 340; con- 
tinues faithful to Ferdinand, 5509 ; 
ordered to dismiss the Brethren 
from his estates, ii, 48; appeals to 

} the Emperor, 49; his treatment 

| by Ferdinand IJ. and Cardinal 
Dietrichstein, 50-52; removes 
to Breslau, 63, 107. 

Zinnwald, Bohemian exiles seek re- 
fuge in, ii. 80-£; expelled by the 
Jesuits, 305. 

Zinzendorf, Count Nicholas Louis, 

| receives the anigrating Bohemian 
and Moravian Brethren on his 
domains, ii. 878; presides over 
the affairs of Herrmhut, 379 5 in- 
strumental in the revival, and or- 
dained a Bishop of, the Chureh of 
the Brethren, 380. 

Ziska, leader of the Hussites, i. 12, 
23; tombstone of, destroyed, 
OP Osis dit. 

Zittau, Evangelicals retire to, ii. 
207, 207; privting office at, 333; 


Wittmann, Michael, beheaded, i. | 
432. 

Wladislaw, King, his edicts against | 
the Brethren, i. 41. 


Jirectors of the College at, 300 ; 
exiles in, 367—372. 
Zwickau, monk of, i. 40+ ; 
Zwickau, Bohemian exiles at, MU. 
403, 404. 


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