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“THE SETTLEMENT OF BURLINGTON” 


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“ 
AN ORATION 
DELIVERED IN THAT CITY, DECEMBER 6, 1877 


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‘3 
HENRY ARMITT BROWN _ 


IN COMMEMORATION OF 


THE TWO HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 


of its Settlement by the passengers of the good ship Kent, 
who landed at Raccoon Creek, Aug. 16th, O.S., 
and laid out the town on Chygoe’s Island 
“‘towards ye latter part of ye 


8th month,”’ 1677 


PUBLISHED BY RESOLUTION OF THE CITIZENS 


BURLINGTON, N. J. 
1878 


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“The settlement of Burlington.” An oration delivered in 
that city, December 6, 1877, by Henry Armitt Brown in com- 
memoration of the two hundredth anniversary of its settle- 
ment by the passengers of the good ship Kent, who landed at 


Raccoon creek, Aug. 16th, 0. s., and laid out the town on Chy- - 
: 3 A 


goo’s island “towards ye latter part of ye 8th month,” 1677. 
Published by resolution of the citizens. Burlington, N. J. 
rPhiladelphia, Collins, printer, 1878. 

GS p. 243e%, : 

1, Burlington, N. J—Hist. 1, Title. 


Library of Congress eo F144.B9B9 
Cops 2. _ . : 


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Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1878, by 


HENRY ARMITT BROWN, 


In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, Washington, D. C. 


PHILADELPHIA: COLLINS, PRINTER. 


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CORRESPONDENCE. 


BURLINGTON, Dec. 12, 1877. 


Mr. HENRY ARMITT BROWN. 

DEAR SIk: The Committee appointed by the President of the Bi-Centennial 
Committee to request a copy of your Oration delivered at the bi-Centennial Cele- 
bration of the City of Burlington, N. J., on Dec. 6, 1877, would respectfully ask 
that you would furnish them with the manuscript on as early a day as may suit 


your convenience, 
- Yours, with great respect, 


FRANKLIN GAUNTT, M.D., 
JAMES O'NEILL, 

F. W. MILNOR, 

NATHAN HAINES, 

L. VAN RENSSELAER, M.D. 


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113 SOUTH 21ST STREET, PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 23, 1877. 


GENTLEMEN: 

In obedience to the very courteous request of your note of the 12th of 
December, I inclose the MS. of the Oration delivered at Burlington on the after- 
noon of the 6th, and am 


Very truly yours, 


HENRY ARMITT BROWN. 


To FRANKLIN GauntTT, M.D. 
LEDYARD VAN RENSSELAER, M.D. 
James O'NEILL, Esq. 

Col. F. W. MiLnor, and 
NATHAN HAINES, Esq. 


Committee. 


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THE people of Burlington, New Jersey, determined early in the 
summer of 1877 to celebrate with appropriate services the Two 


Hundredth Anniversary of the founding of their city. A committee 
was accordingly formed of the following gentlemen: From the 
Common Council, James O'Neill, Alexander Martin, Joseph Par- 
rish, M.D., James Willitts, John A. Vandergrift, and Philip Silpath, 
Jr. From the Board of Trade and Burlington Exchange, Hon. 
J. Howard Pugh, M.D., Richard F. Mott, Col. F. W. Milnor, 
Wm. S. Taylor, Franklin Woolman, C. Ross Grubb, L. Van Rens- 
selaer, M.D., Samuel W. Taylor, Charles E. Allen, and Nehemiah 
Sleeper; and from the citizens, General E. Burd Grubb, Hon. 
Caleb G. Ridgway, Alexander Van Rensselaer, Robert B. Carter, 


_ Franklin Gauntt, M.D., Rowland J. Dutton, Nathan Haines, J. 


Oliver Glasgow, J. S. Adams, D.D.S., and George I. Miller. 
Upon organization, this body divided itself into the necessary sub- 
committees and chose the following officers: President, Hon. J. 
Howard Pugh, M.D.; Vice-President, Hon, Caleb G. Ridgway; 
Secretary, Nehemiah Sleeper; Corresponding Secretary, J. Oliver 
Glasgow; and Treasurer, James O’ Neill. As the settlement of the 
town had taken place “ toward ye latter part of ye 8th month 1677”’ 
(old style) according to the affidavits of Wm. Matlack and other 
first settlers preserved in the Records of the Surveyor-General’s 


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office in Broad Street, it was the intention of the Committee to 


celebrate the event late in October or early in November, but 


Henry Armitt Brown, of Philadelphia, whe had aceepted the duty 
of delivering the Oration, was called to Europe suddenly in July. 
The Committee determined, therefore, to await his return, and on 
his arrival home on the 16th of November, ‘Thursday, the 6th of 
December, was fixed upon, and every arrangement made accord- 
ingly. The 5th of December was a stormy day, but on the follow- 
ing morning the rain ceased, the clouds broke, and the weather 
became extremely beautiful. At avery early hour special as well 
as regular trains brought numbers of invited guests from Philadel: 
phia, Trenton, and all parts of New Jersey, and the roads im the 
neighborhood were full of vehicles of ail descriptions. Never in 
the history of Burlington had the city been so full of strangers, 
and by ten o’clock the streets on the line of the procession were 
crowded. Bunting hung in all directions trom the houses, many 
of which were decorated with evergreens and flowers; the chime 
of St. Mary’s Church played in the morning, at noon, and in the 
afternoon, and a salvo of one hundred gis marked the rising and 
setting of the sun. The procession was formed in Main Street at 
half past ten, under the command of General E. Burd Grubb, 
Chief Marshal, and a staff consisting of Tranklhn Gauntt, M.D., 
and Messrs. Nathan Haines, E. R. Ellison, and D. G. Walker, 
The column was headed by fifty citizens on herseback led -by Mr. 
George G. Felton, assisted by Messrs. Brewin, Dubel, and Taylor. 
The Chief Marshal, Gen. Grubb, followed with his statf, and then 
in order the Burlington Band, Company I’ (of Beverly), Captain 
Eckendorff, 6th Reg.; Company A (or Burlington), Captain Phil- 
lips, 6th Reg.; Company F (of Mt. Hoily), Capt. Barrows, of the 
Seventh Regiment N. J. State Militia; the YVincenttown Band, Chief 
Engineer jeffries and Assistants, and visiting Chiefs, Fire Company 
No. 25 of Philadelphia, National Cornet Band, Endeavor Extin- 
guisher Co. dragging their old hand engine; Drum Corps, Good 
Intent Fire Company of Mount Holly, itope Fire Engine Co. of 
Burlington, the Smithville Band, Young America Fire Co. of Bur- 
lington, Winkler’s Band, Hand-in-Hand lire Co. of Trenton, Mc- 
Clurg’s Band, Bristol Fire Co. with Pioneer Corps, Mitchell Fire 
Co. of Burlington, and the Jumior and Senioi Irders of American 


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Mechanics. The procession, which was much the largest and most 
elaborate ever seen in Burlington, was closed by citizens in carriages. 
Before three o’clock in the afternoon the new Opera House (hi 
_recently finished by Mr. Birch) was filled to overflowing. Admis- 
sion was by ticket, but before the exercises began the parquet and 
gallery were densely packed. The stage had been reserved for 
the officers of the day, the Bi-Centennial Committee, the officials 
of the city, and distinguished guests. Among the latter were the 
Rt. Rev. Wm. Henry Odenheimer, D.D., LL. D., Bishop of the 
Diocese of Northern New Jersey, and the Rt. Rev. John Scarbo- 
rough, D.D., Bishop of the Diocese of Southern New Jersey, the 
Very Rev. George H. Doane, Roman Catholic Vicar-General of 
Newark, and many eminent representatives of other communions, 
the Hon. Joel Parker, and the Hon. W. D. Newell, Ex-Governors 
of New Jersey, the Hon. J. C, Ten Eyck, Ex-Senator of the United 
States, and other prominent-men. On the right and left of the 


o’clock the immense meeting was called to order by the Presiden: 
of the Day, Hon. J. Howard Pugh, M.D., Member of Congress 
from the Second District of New Jersey, and Bishop Odenheimer, 
in his Episcopal robes, opened the exercises with prayer. Vocal 
music by an octette of the Orpheus Club of Philadelphia followed. 
Dr. Pugh next made a short and admirable address, and, after 
another song had been sung, introduced Henry Armitt Brown, who 
delivered his Oration. At its close Franklin Gauntt, M.D., offered 
the following resolutions :— 

1. ‘*Resolved, That the citizens of Burlington untie in a vote of 
thanks to Mr. Henry Armitt Brown, the Orator of the Day, for his 
interesting, valuable, and historic address, which so graphically 
describes the early settlement, progress, and growth of Burlington 
as one of the oldest Christian towns in this country. 

2. ‘* Resolved, That the Chairman of the Bi-Centennial Commit- 
tee be directed to appoint a Committee to request of Mr. Brown 2 
copy of his Oration for publication. 

3. ‘Resolved, That our thanks are cordially tendered to the 


a 


Orpheus Club, fer their generous contribution to our edification 


Se 
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and pleasure by their delightful rendition of choice songs and 
ballads. 


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4. “Resolved, That the thanks of the citizens of Burlington are 
due, and are hereby tendered to the members of the Bi Centennial 
Committee, and more especially to the Committee of Arrangement, 
for their unremitting exertions in conducting the entire celebration 
to a successful and creditable conclusion.’” 

The resolutions having been unanimously adopted by a rising 
vote, the vast audience dispersed about six o’clock P. M. 

Many of the houses of the citizens, which had been hospitably 
opened to strangers all the day, continued so during the evening, 


and the celebration closed with an illumination, which was general. 


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THERE are few events in American history 
more interesting than that which we commemo- 
rate to-day. ‘There are few stories more honor- 
able than that which I shall have to tell. The 
sun which has broken through the clouds of this 
morning with such unexpected and auspicious 
splendor, has rarely looked down upon an anni- 
versary more worthy to be observed than. this 
which marks the peaceful planting of a people— 
the founding of a free and happy Commonwealth. 
The life of old Burlington has been a modest one. 
She sings no epic song of hard-fought fieids and 
gallant deeds of arms;. she tells no tales of con- 
quest, of well-won triumphs, of bloody victories. 
Seated in smiling meadows and guarded by the 


encircling pines, her days have been full of quiet- 


ness and all her paths of peace, The hand of 


Ati bas touched her forehead lightly». "The 
centuries have flown by so softly that she . has 
hardly heard the rustle of their wings. The 
Stream ar years’ has’ flowed" before “har feet as 


smoothly as the broad bosom of her own ereat 


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river by whose banks she dwells. But her history 
is none the less worthy to be remembered, for it 
is full of those things which good men rejoice to 
find ‘inthe ‘character ofe their*ancestors—of. a 
courage meek but dauntless, a self-sacrifice lowly 
but heroic, a wisdom humble and yet lofty, a love 
of humanity that nothing could quench, a devotion 
to liberty that was never shaken, an unfaltering 
and childlike faith in God. And it 1s right that 
it be remembered by those who enjoy the blessings 
which such qualities have won. “I wish,” wrote 
one who had witnessed the beginning, describing 
in her old age the dangers and trials*‘of her youth, 
“T wish they that come after may consider these 
things.’ Seven score years have gone since that 
was written. Uhe heart that held that hope has 
long been still. The hand that wrote those words 
has been motionless for more than a century, and 
the kindred to whom they were addressed have 


he earth. But here to-day in that 


vanished from t | 
ancient town, strangely unaltered by the changes 
of two centuries—here amid scenes with which 
those venerable eyes were so familiar—we who 
have ‘‘come after’ have assembled to fulfil that 
pious wish—to “consider those things” with rev- 


erence and gratitude, and take care that they be 


* Account of Mary Murfin Smith in Baxter and Howe’s N. J. 
Hist. Coll., p. go. Mrs. Smith came with her parents while yet a 
child. She was drowned in 1739. 


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held hereafter in eternal remembrance and ever- 
Jasting honor. . 

The causes which led to the event which it is 
my duty to describe to-day are to be found in 
one of the most interesting periods of English 
history. ‘The attempt of Charles J. to secure for 
the Crown a power which not even the pride of 
Henry VIII. had claimed had ended in disastrous 
failure. Conquered by his people, the unfortunate 
monarch had paid for his folly with his life—a 
victim less of political hatred than of that personal 
distrust which his frequent want of faith had 
planted in the breast of friends and foes—and 
England was nominally at peace. In reality, how- 
ever, she continued in commotion. The excesses 
into which their triumph over their king and his 
party not unnaturally led the victors were soon 


over, and already, in 1650, the reaction had set in 


which was destined to lead the country backward 
to the Restoration. But the passions into which 
the civil wars had thrown all classes would not 


easily cool. The struggle of the Cavalier and the 


§ 
Roundhead was not like that in which two great 
sections of a vast country—each in itself a unit— 
are pitted against each other. It aroused feelings 
far more personal and bitter. Families were di- 
vided amongst themselves, and every man was in 
arms against his neighbor. No single county had 


borne the brunt of a war which had involved all 


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12 


alike, ravaged the whole country, and brought 
desolation to half the hearths in England; and, 
though peace might be proclaimed, some of the 
spirits which it had called up would not down 
even at the bidding of such a man as Cromwell. 
Feared at home and abroad, and armed with an 
authority which belonged less to his office than to 
- himself, the victor of Worcester could govern his 
turbulent countrymen, but.pacify and unite them 
he could not. It might have been possible had 
their differences been simply political, but a deeper 
feeling entered into all the actions of that time. 
It was the age of politico-religious fanaticism. 
The Cavalier and the Roundhead, the Royalist 
and the Republican, had they been nothing more, 
might have been made to sit down in peace to- 
gether under a liberal and strong government, 
which, though it represented the peculiar ideas 
of neither, expressed in its actions many of the 
views of both. But Baptist, Presbyterian, and 
Independent, Protestant and Roman Catholic no 
man could reconcile, and between the many sects 
which the spirit of free inquiry had bred in the 
heat of those fanatic days the most vigorous ruler 
England had ever seen had hard work to keep the 
peace. It 1s not easy in these colder, calmer times 
to understand the polemic spirit of that age. It 
had arisen suddenly and grown with amazing 


speed, and the transition from the manners of the 


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13 


tiie when the graceful Buckingham had set the 
fashion to those of a day in which the psalm- 
singing soldier of Cromwell stood guard before 
Whitehall, was as extraordinary as it had been 
startling and abrupt. Religion now was the main- 
spring of men’s actions, the subject of their talk, 
the basis of their politics, the object of their lives ; 
it is stranze that religious liberty remained yet to 
be contended for. Too near to the Reformation 
to have escaped its spirit, and not far enough from 
Philip and Mary’s day to have forgotten the crimes 
committed in their name—of which indeed he 
had had beneath his eyes a constant reminder in 
the scenes of which Holland had been the theatre 
for more than sixty years--the Englishman of 1650 
was sincerely and aggressively a Protestant, and it 
might naturally have been expected that religious 
freedom would in his mind have gone hand-in- 
hand with the civil liberty for which he had 
recently gained such splendid and substantial tri- 
umphs. But such was not the case. Free from 
political tyranny from within, he would not brook 
even the semblance of interference in religious 
matters from without, but, in the fierce contro- 
versies of Englishmen with each other, liberty of 
conscience meant to the zealous theologian of that 
day—when all men claimed to be theologians— 
only the right of all other men to yield their own 
opinions and agree with him. It was soon ob- 


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14 


served that the sincere bigotry of the Roman 
Catholic and the proud intolerance of the English | 
Churchman had only given place to a fervent but 
narrow piety, which, like them, would brook no 
opposition, mistook differences of opinion for 
hostility, and watched all other creeds with a 
jealous and unchristian eye. Forgetful of the 
truth that all cannot think alike, mixing essentials 
and non-essentials in blind confusion, and armed 
with the cant and loose learning of the day, men 
went forth to controversy as the knights errant. 
of an earlier and more chivalric, but not more 
zealous, age went forth to battle. Each sect be- 
came a political party, and every party a religious 
sect. Each in its turn, according to its power, 
persecuted the others, and all united to persecute 
the Quakers. 

I have no time to-day to describe the rise of the 
Society of Friends. Considered only as a political 
event and in its bearing upon the struggle for civil 
and religious liberty, it is a strange chapter in the 
history of progress, and it is one of the peculiar 
glories of those whom the world calls Quakers, 
_ that without justice to their achievements such a 
history would be incomplete.* It was in the midst 
of the stormiest years of the civil war that George 
Fox began his ministry. An humble youth 
watching his flocks by night in the fields of Not- 


* Vide Bancroft’s Hist. U. S., vol. i. chap. xvi. 


ae * 


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tingham, he had heard, as he believed, the voice 
of God within him, and seen afar off the star that 
was to become the beacon of his chosen people. 
That light shining impartially on all; that voice 
speaking to the hearts of all alike; God and the 
soul of man in close communion—the Creator and 
thé humblest of His creatures face to face—here 
was at last the scheme of a spiritual democracy 
striving to lead all men in a single pathway, and 
unite the nations under the same promise of sal- 
vation. A mystery even to himself, and believing 
that he was divinely appointed, Fox went forth to 
preach to his countrymen the new gospel founded 
on freedom of conscience, purity of life, and the 
equality of man.* The times were ripe for such 
a mission. ‘The public mind was like tinder, and 
the fire that came from the lips of the young en- 
thusiast soon set England in a blazé. The people 
flocked to hear him, and his enemies became 
alarmed. Here was not only a new religious 
creed, but a dangerous political doctrine. Here 
was an idea, that, once embodied in a sect, would 
strike a blow at caste and privilege, and shake the 
very foundations of society. But nothing availed 
to tie the tongue of Fox or cool the fervor of his 
spirit. ‘Threatened, fined, and beaten, he turned 
neither to the right hand nor to the left. Often 


* Vide Yox’s Life, Barclay’s Apology, Gough and Sewell, Besse, 
and Penn’s Witness. 


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16 


‘imprisoned, he was released only to set forth again. 
undaunted. | | | 

His followers rapidly increased, and the sober 
yeomanry of England began to abandon all and 
follow him. At Cromwell’s death the Quakers 
were already a numerous people. At the Restora-_ 
tion they had grown to dangerous proportions. 
Obnoxious naturally to all parties, there were rea- 
sons why they incurred especial hatred. Their 
refusal to fight, to take an oath, to pay tithes or 
taxes for the repairs of churches, or acknowledge 
the authority of the priesthood, their determina- 
tion to worship God publicly and proclaim the 
truth abroad, aroused the hatred of the Church, 
angered all other sects, and brought against them 
the penalties of the existing law, while their sim- 
ple but unwavering determination not to take off 
their hats, “not for want of courtesy,” as they 
said, but as a symbol of their belief in man’s 
equality, gained for them the suspicious hostility 
of those whose privileges such a principle would 
utterly destroy. | 

Against them, therefore, was directed the ven- 
geance of all parties and of every sect. Under 
all governments it was the same, and the Quaker 
met with even worse treatment from the’ Puritan 
government of New England than he had re- 
ceived from either the stern republican of Crom- 


well’s time, or the gay courtier of the Restoration. 


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‘7 


Though his hand was lifted against no man, all - 


men’s were laid heavily on him. Everywhere he 
was exposed to persecution and nowhere under- 
stood. His religion was called fanaticism, his 
courage stubbornness, his frugality avarice, his 
simplicity ignorance, his piety hypocrisy, his free- 
dom infidelity, his conscientiousness rebellion. In 
England the statutes against Dissenters, and every 
law that could be twisted for the purpose, were 
vigorously enforced against him.* Special ones 
were enacted for his benefit, and even Charles II., 
from whose restoration they, in common with all 
men, expected some relief—good-natured Charles, 
who in general found it as hard to hate his enemies 
as to remember his friends; too indolent, for the 
most part, either to keep his word or lose his 
temper—took the trouble to exclude the Quakers 
by name from all indulgence.y During the Long 
Parliament, under the Protectorate, at the Restora- 
tion—for more than thirty years—they were ex- 
posed to persecution,. fined, turned out of doors, 
mobbed, stoned, beaten, set in the stocks, crowded 
in gaols in summer, and kept in foul dungeons 
without fire in the winter time, to be released at 
last and sold into colonial bondage.t But though 


* Vide Bancroft’s Hist. U.S., vol. il. chap. xvi. 

+ Letter of the King to the Massachusetts Government. 

{ Vide Williamson’s North Carolina. In one vessel, in March, 
1664, sixty Quaker convicts were shipped for America. Vide also 
Besse and Fox’s Journal, Anno 1665. 


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18 
they fought no fight, they kept the faith. What- 
ever history may record of their lives; whatever 
learning may think of their attainments; whatever 
philosophy may say of their intelligence; what- 
ever theology may hold about their creed; what- 
ever judgment a calmer posterity, in the light of a 
higher civilization and a freer age, may pass upon 
their actions, none can deny that they were men 
who sought the faith with zeal, believed with sin- 


cerity, met danger with courage, and bore suffer-, 


ing with extraordinary fortitude. Gold had no 
power to seduce, nor arms to frighten them. 
“They are a people,” said the great Protector, 
‘“‘whom I] cannot win with gifts, honors, offices, or 
places.”* Dragged from their assemblies, they 
returned; their meeting-houses torn down, they 
gathered on the ruins. Armed men dispersed 
them, and they came together again. Their ene- 
mies “took shovels to throw rubbish on them, and 
they stood close together, willing to be buried 
alive witnessing: the Lord.”+ And when in one of 
their darkest hours their comrades lay languishing 
in prison, the rest marched in procession to West- 
minster Hall to offer themselves to Parliament as 
hostages for their brethren. 

I know of few things in the history of the 


English race more noble than this act. No poet 


* Bancroft’s Hist. U. S., vol. ii. p. 345. Fox’s Journal, p. 162. 
+ Bancroft’s Hist., vol. il. p. 355. Barclay, 356, 483, 484. 


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has made it the subject of his eulogy, and even 
the historians of civil and religious liberty have 
passed it by. But surely never did the groined 
arches of that ancient hall look down upon a 
nobler spectacle. They had seen many a more 
splendid and brilliant one, but none more honor- 
able than this. They had looked down on balls 
and banquets, and coronations and the trial of a 
king, but never, since they were hewn from their 
native oak, did they behold a sight more honorable 
to human nature than that of these humble 
Quakers grouped below. They had rung with 
the most eloquent voices that ever spoke the 
English tongue, but never heard before such 
words as these. (Let me repeat them here to-day, 
for amongst those that spoke them were men that 
founded Burlington): ‘*In Love to our Brethren,” 
they say to. Parliament, “that lie in Prisons and 
Houses of Correction and Dungeons, and many 
in Fetters and Irons, and have been cruelly beat by 
the crue] Gaolers, and’ many have been persecuted 
to Death and have died in Prisons and many lie 
sick and weak ian Prison and on Straw’—we “do 
offer up our Bodies and Selves to you, for to. put us 
as Lambs into the same Dungeons and Houses of 
Correction, and their Straw and nasty Holes and 
Prisons, and do stand ready a Sacrifice for to go 
into their Places, that they may go forth and not 
Beet, Prison as many of the Brethren are déad 


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oil yeinent beh etoeltd nit bei) oved bas. ’ mas | ot ‘i 
ob” owe rette no ‘bow enh ia i sow baw fois 
og tuq 09 TY wo of tovls?2 ‘bins | 
to asevoH bas saosanC oense ee ona 
hae gloH yesn bas: weve) todd | i 


20 


already. For we are willing to lay down our 
Lives for our Brethren and to take their Suffer- 
ings upon us that you would inflict on them. 
=? * And it you will teeeive, our” Bodies, 
which we freely tender to you, for our Friends 
that are now in Prison for speaking the Truth in 
several places; for mot paying Tithes; for meeting 
together in the Fear of God; for not Swearing; for 
wearing their Hats; for being accounted as Va- 
grants; for visiting Friends, and for Things of a 
like Nature. We, whose Names are hereunto 
subscribed, being a sufficient Number, are waiting 
in Westminster-hall for an Answer from you to 
us, to answer our Tenders and to manifest our 
Love to our Friends and to stop the Wrath and 
Judgment from coming to our Enemies.”* 

Well done, disciple of the shoemaker of Not- 
tingham! No prince or king ever spoke braver 
words than these! What matter if your Parlia- 
ment send back for answer soldiers with pikes and 
muskets to drive you out into the street? Go 
forth content! What if your brethren languish 
and die in gacl? You shall not long be parted. 
What if the times be troubled and nights of sorrow 
follow days of suffering? They cannot last for- 
ever, What if the heathen rage and the swords 
of the wicked be drawn against you? ‘The peace 


* Vide Preface to Joseph Besse’s Sufferings of the Quakers, vol. 
1. p. iv. | 


.* 1) 


kt 


uty pe yee He 
avd p20 


sods Fran: 


re 


bon pier: Pe ie | 


cn t ree a a Lon bs , 
“worre: to etd gin bas be 


-108 seat TOC) Ys 


ia . eiyte we oil bis 29 ie aorl veoh in a isa 
outa 9 ae P Suoy sel fod, bo vis 


i ail 


ELEN SOME ERNE aN VRE ET Se Pee hel Bm tes 


pa Tae Pe eee ee ee RE REET nO UN AN ae EN OREN BEG Ay te SERS GREP RPE Bene 


ae 


within you they cannot take away. The world 
may note you little and history keep no record of 
your life. Your kindred may pass you by in 
silence and your name be unremembered by your 
children. No man may know your resting place. 
But what of that? You have done one of those 
things that ennoble humanity—and by One, at 
least, who saw it, you. will not be unrewarded nor 
forgotten! 

Such was the condition of affairs when the 
opportunity of the Quakers arose out of the neces- 
sities of their enemies. Between the Dutch New 
Netherlands and the English colony of Virginia 
Jay a noble river draining a fertile and pleasant 
land. Hudson had discovered it in 1609, and the 
following year the dying Lord De Ja Warr had 
bequeathed to it his name. For thirty years the 
three Protestant nations of Europe had contended 
for its shores, each victorious in its turn, until, at 
length, the dominion of the Dutchman and the 
Swede came to an end forever, and the flag of 
England floated in triumph over their few and 
feeble settlements.* | 


It'was at this time, in the year 1664, that the 


* IT cannot but regret the necessity which compelled me to pass 
by in a paragraph the forty years which followed the expedition of 
Capt. Mey. Some future historian of Pennsylvania will find them 
full of fascinating materials. Isaac Mickle’s Reminiscences of Old 


Gloucester is well worth reading in this connection. 


ES SR RR PRT OEP IIE 


~ = ital a oe 


ak yd> WOY aang yea 


seotl) to. sao snob overt pot a ‘4 


ait read we gusta 10 noitthaos ads oRW dou 


as iia ww wi ai evoreppiy, dor eotoda at awn 


bas went isd? revo dqenain at baseoft 


= ee ese oe ee a 


. anata bait ii iw sn %o 


ee oT owe pe | 
to. Broa ont qapa yI08 
TOY yd borodatomeran r vf 
: s>8lq gaitess, Woy word 


in nO yd bas—vinsenmd etdonas tend aga 
yOu bebiswaran 9d yon Liv, MOY 11 1, Jas 


A990 ont Yo Ivo s20%% nod eal) ott to vir i Ge 
worn uC ott oxsowiol”, asierens Visas to a 
sina 7 10 yaoloo tila ot bas ebaaliad WA a 
tasesolq bas olitiot s gaiqimab tovin -sidoa ® pas 
‘elt baw pod! ni Ii. berorouaih bed noehuH “baat : 
bed eW ef oO biol gaigh oth a gaiwollot 
odt evey ytd? 10% onan etd I o} bodisaup “ede 
bsbrasnos bad! oqo: Ge to eaoitaa rasiaotor re 


od? bas meettdoisG od1 Yo noinictioh dt, aga 
io gsi odt bas 19var0h | bao ne 02, om 2. bs 


7 Rates 1 
ih ‘ ge esha th S 
210 i354 
x D va at ¥ uf i il 
BAe be 


od ie 3301 e2y odd. ai omnis, ao is caw ak 


a6 : ee aa ‘gilt ‘souk em 


AP 


| 
Duke of York, afterward James: the II., eager to 
mend hts fortunes, persuaded King Charles II. to 
give him a large share of the newly-acquired 
territory in America. It was hardly yet subdued, 
but Charles carelessly complied. In a patent, the 
date of which reveals the Duke’s haste to secure 
the grant, the King conveyed to his brother all 
that territory which may be roughly described as 
lying between Delaware Bay and the Canadian 
border. Hardly had the ink become dry upon 
this parchment when James himself, in considera- 
tion of “a competent sum of money,” sold what 
is now known as New Jersey to two of his friends, 
Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley. England 
was now full of colonization schemes. The rude 
interruption of the civil war was over, and men 
began to remember the days when Smith and 


Raleigh were wont to return from America with 


glowing descriptions of what they had seen in 


that mysterious country. A sterner age had 
followed, and few now perhaps cherished the 
golden visions which had led those brilliant ad- 
venturers into the exploits which have immortal- 
tzed their names, but there still lived in the 
Englishman of the seventeenth century the love 
of adventure, and the desire to spread the do- 
minion of the Crown, and America lay before 
him an attractive field. The failure of Sir Ed- 


mund Ployden to carry out his romantic and 


Be eed iy) . 

mF a , ‘. 1h 4 t ~% 
; my re" eo ee ee, ae ee oe ; +6 : 
ew | r jg ® { na } It i { + f i ia ; 


Ile terltow ail 02 boVaVNOD ie oft 


; a ; ; aris 
‘ . ” *'* i 
ae Poms i } aan i f ‘¢ £4 "ue £9 5 wap 1 19 “aed 
H eo ahah ; ae elee Da ' t fii th uy wht 
i ff" 4 . | re a 
s ¥ s+ m y Py r Py J 
j ¥ mart oS y r od wy os 
‘ Lets 3 Lit } ay 1 nas" 
i) ai 4 Ne 
p * ; : ae 
y Ley? { J t Be: ~ rl r | t vy > 
sé ‘ ‘ a4 is 4m -& 
t : 3 
{ . , 7 Ft / # ‘ pal 
: , * Nadi . ~\¥ é ¢ ¥ . a 4 be 2 
" y Bi 7 he ree ay ay re te | “, aa mR ee he Bae | 
{ dacs alee i te ieee e4 er ree ¢£ a {fy m i AV Jt Peas 


q Tan $e sak ; i , ee ; id me i" rr + ohne Penne nee 
ae JOC yEOS: petits > (he MISS eh j 


i } } st ‘ Aa i 
Oe es Ge A y ee, ; ia 3 
' >. te he eee ' aed Y Wie te | rk ee A. ee ee ete: oy gr ee 

q Mtied ia 4 a, iy } i4 Be a es) eS i © 0 ie od ay bi 2 i 

Pa : hag t ‘ Wy Sole Py) 
1 Lt en 
ed ist ' f g rs 

A a ! » “ay Oe dae] ryt 

\ ma Se ei a i 4 

j “ t 

1 

/ ; . La a a ° 

| i “wy tote yv 

wa J \ = | ee ee © i¥ i 

i ! is » ee glboctioe' sl 

‘ -_ — ri | a wy ata ie att ‘ > ‘Poy TT ee Yo ha ci¢ «ty “yg oth in” ay) 
i Pgh j Pp Yel ’ a v A de WY eh VR a RD 163 J be eB Bb PE ms 

& , ta ; is ? ie 

: 

. : , ; ‘f ; e } | “y ti eye me " 

a ee a a rye Saye ER al » r\ ey ” 
/ A ILS 7 ¢ shee Ler RA FN é f. ive / Wy eh 4 }? " i _ Mw, Me i i197 « ot a Kye 


i. ' 
viene 2 t nit Dat ey oe {Onks F CW 10..¢@0enonNveao 4 
= th > 
oy : / eS ey FN ‘ ay, 
ee ee wal it (ae | i] 1 aid f 1 i ao a ¥ LJ ioD , use WiGBIey | 
' Mad } i . | w : 
JI a) = 
« e a Bi Se | f v ; z Pe t b oe) 
On) Danatand eared Wom, had OK DO" 
bas ‘ ‘ 5 1h ‘i ’ 


>be ancitlind eeouly het bed doid 7] snoieiy aabl 


-Ladao met over doitlye aiolqrs: otk. oni ane wid 


ola i. bovil ‘Hise sods jd omen 


evel ot wisine? d fbn: 2931199 oe ads to nse 


sgt beorqero ; tized, ot, b +e. 
Te ie We ieee i fs ies , 


pt ane WOT | 


ey ~ 


s10lod ¥ 


oO oli ah, dT 


“3 


fantastic plan of building up a power called New 
Albion, of which he assumed in advance the title 
of Earl Palatine,* taught an unheeded lesson, and 
dreams of future empire continued to dazzle many 
an English mind. But years passed by without 
result... Carteret, the younger of the new pro- 
prietors, managed to plant some settlements in 
Eastern Jersey, where to this day the city of 
Elizabeth perpetuates the name of his accom- 
plished wife, and a few Englishmen from Con- 
necticut found a precarious foothold on the banks 
of the Delaware, but for the most part all attempts 
to encourage immigration ended in expensive 
failure. As it had been with Massachusetts it was 
with Pennsylvania and the Jerseys. ‘The foot of 
the adventurer was not suffered to rest in peace 
upon soil destined by the Almighty for a nobler 
purpose than to enrich the unworthy or mend the 
broken fortunes of an English nobleman. The 
- fingers which had grasped so eagerly the choice 
places of the New Continent were quickly to be 
loosened, and the wilderness kept ready as a place 
of refuge for an oppressed and persecuted people. 

After ten years of thankless efforts and un- 
profitable ownership, and too old to hope for a 


realization of his plans, my Lord Berkeley became 


* Vide Mickle’s Reminiscences of Old Gloucester, p. 24; Beau- 
champ Plantagenet’s Description of New Albion, in the Philadel- 
phia Library. 


Oe in Ree el ar 
t = 


5 


ee 


Lone ni no shaun ascii hi yen séaito0n” | 


‘Fo tool sflT  eysers| oft bes citavivaaned pe 


SA EA SS a aE GT, ELI ELLOS EI) = 


wsiqoog betusereq baa'bs 
nn bn aatiy? wobinndy — 


i ee ay ‘ 1s 4 pana ry San me 
lis —_— ody nt vwoidt WoW da 


By bas soe bsbobdaw ii rib: att ppt 


| ipa dole er sisgidee tee rn re a deilgnt os 
fea Wr 9cy- to 19g aUOY” ‘onl dorened , ae 
vet ieinduiiaaieent saint “a “ot! a f . | te: 


an eae ters Ihe PRK ] “faore old yor. gud orswriet ods Yo ° 
“ rienaqKe ai bebao nolergineat ogeTuoone oo 
ohwe tf exoeudosses Mi -driw deed bed 77 2A wlist. 


sbasg ‘at! 9267 ios He rive Ton enw TOTS bS odd aes 
isidow # vel yidgicnl A oily vd bsaisesb ‘fio “aoqy Hic 
offs ‘base 10 phe one nciiaid o1 a : prsh see 


pee o} + asia stow i: sala eae vee oman a 


soni A en ybeot qo. ezonrebliw oily baw see ii 
srqqo me me eguion 


cialis | yeoatot bro iin ba | er 


bd 


DM m iat sk ine ils ‘ ne bls me) 


24 


anxious to be rid of his province, and offered it 
for sale. The opportunity was a rare one for the 
Quakers. To America they had naturally looked 
as a place to which they might escape and bear 
with them in peace their peculiar principles and 
creed. In that distant country they might, it 
seemed to them, worship God according to their 
consciences. Three thousand miles of sea (ten 
times as great a distance then as now) would lie © 
between them and their enemies, and in the 
wilderness, at least, with trial and privation would 
dwell peace. 

For a while, indeed, they were deterred by a 
sentiment that was natural to men of English 
blood. Persecution, thought some of them, ought 
not to be avoided. The trials, the sufferings, the 
dangers to which they were exposed it was their 
duty to meet, and not to shun. Let us endure 
these things for the glory of the truth, and not try, 
Jike cowards, to avoid them. Let us bear this 
burden ourselves, nor leave it for others to take up. 
This unwillingness to flee before the face of per- 
secution held them for some time resolute and 
firm. But, at length, another sentiment prevailed. 
It sprang from the thought that others were des- 
tined to come after them. There is nothing more 
remarkable in the history of this country than the 
fact that those who settled it seem everywhere 


alike to have been moved by the belief that they 


ia lgbeing vlog sind req th 


ats a) able bo aaeal pute ot + bs 

f93) «92 to eolien basevods sodT  2soneipenos 

“ail bisow {won es nocky sonnei: 6: suo1g socnis ee 

ody ai bas eoietens tied bas vmod nsewied sity 

bluow wanted wend fein daiwe dpkel is waitibliw pe a 

Hop) weaned wens te. | 

& i hill a0 + oul jos glidw s 40% 

deitywa to. som) oi lowien, enw sede pot 

i gdo mod? to ones tguorlt moimoszied bool sal 

ods gyairafiwe ots glsinn oT Babiove od of 108 

isd? anw si boeoqxe avow yor doitw ot: erogaeh 

‘swbhes eo tod. agde-os 30m bam goa onneahy 
yu ton bog plu odd Yo yrolg edt it egoidveesda © 
eid tnod. oa tod» anod- biows: or @binwoa oak oy 
qu oA stor raereghiod or aicead On, “f, 
voq Io 926k wile ardted soft of gaamgnillivan sid’ 

bas omuloest vais eno 1st mots Biad-é Aw: 


25 


acted, not for themselves, but for posterity. Not 
for himself alone did the Pilgrim embark upon 
the Mayflower: not for himself alone did the 
Puritan seek a shelter on the bleak shores of 
Massachusetts: not for himself only did Roger 
Williams gather his little colony at the head of 
Narragansett Bay; and the same faith that he was 
building in the wilderness a place of refuge for 
the oppressed forever led the stern Quaker out of 
England. Not for us, but for the sake of them 
that shall come after us. This was the faith thai 
sustained them without a murmur through all the 
horrors of a New England winter; that kept their 
courage up while the Connecticut Valley rang 
with the warwhoop of the Indian; that raised their 
fainting spirits beneath the scorching rays of a 
Southern sun; that made them content and happy 
in the untrod en forests of New Jersey. 

“The settlement of this country,” writes one 
who witnessed it, “was directed by an impulse on 
the spirits of God’s people, not for their own ease 
and tranquillity, but rather for the posterity that 


2938 


should be after them. 


Proud may we justly be, Americans, of those ’ 


who laid the foundations of our happiness. I 


know of no people who can point to a purer and 


* Thomas Sharp’s Mem. in Newton Mo. Mtg. Records. Vive 
Bowden’s Hist. of Friends, p. 16. 
2 


Pe rn a I a i ily = ih Pence nape Se ny esse Aeneas NS Mia at oda 


rat FA 


i emai tt i cg ie ta -—_ = sania 


fans Yo -sibiaiial We: Hi 


oth fais vol: ‘Aa 
ee eater steold ofl 


7 waged, bib: gine” Hose) ot aie ores | 
ie sil pas aR eres * shite) ah San 


+0 suite iy pia fi porto 

two do roatiuD yas, ot bal qo: \ 

ronal? Yo ‘eaine add 101 todd aw é 

‘ody heb ody sheet T 20.798 

ont The Ago HEC SED BIg Haat i 

“pouly sql ads. saednive: bralynd we te 

grin, yale ¥ jaime “oth lich qu egatoen 

riod beater wedi pasibod ols te qoardvinw ods driv a 

 toeyet gaidoioo. we dieoasd ahiqe geimmigt — By r 

yqqed bos mieiaes mora bina avila pnbe avddauee. igi Br 
yoere | wo Wovataer t it * 

ore san “agiinsioa- ait, Ye 

GO aasian re ol bowen woah 


weeoniiqgnd i: ah plies eben 


26 


Jess selfish ancestry—of no nation that looks back 
to a nobler or more honorable origin. 

There were many reasons why our forefathers, 
when at last they had convinced themselves that 
it was right for them to emigrate, should have 
turned their eyes upon New Jersey. The unre- 
lenting Puritan had long ago shut in their faces 
the doors of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth 
Colony. New York had already been appropri- 
ated by the Dutch, and the followers of Fox could 
find little sympathy among those who had estab- 
lished settlements within the wide borders of the 
Old Dominion. Besides, George Fox himself had 
travelled across New Jersey two or three years be- 
fore. He-had seen the beauty of the South River 
and the majestic forests that lined its shores. The 
Swedes and Dutch upon its banks. were few in 
number, and of a peaceful disposition, and the 
Indians, its natives, were noted for their gentle- 
ness. The river of Delaware was universally 
described as a “ goodly and noble river’—the soil 


y 


was rich and fertile, “the air,” as was soon to be 
written, was “very delicate, pleasant, and whole- 
~ some, the heavens serene, rarely overcast, bearing 
mighty resemblance to the better part of France.””* 


Just at this time the property of Lord Berkeley 


* Gabriel Thomas’s Description of Pennsylvania and West Jer- 
sey, published in 1698, p. 7. : 


ere Shaat davenia at 
ioe abgrrobehtandtil 3 
show wo yd snoenat XC ci | | 
| yed? eovlosmnods bsonivios bad-yods tac te nodW | ie | 
‘F =—s pvedk fiuode ,fargimms of modt aot argiv enw th - @ 
— «sxa¢ dT 2ysersl! wo aoqu ayo vied: homwt 
eaont tiod)s mi tare ons gaol bad: neti gaitnol | 
dauociyld bas yo. alozudoseas to mooh. odt 
-irgorggs aced ybsols’ bad awYwoel »  ynoloD A rs 
biuoa xoF to arawollot od1 baa, alow sit vd bots 
-dstee bad orlw aod? gnors gdiaqeny oliif bait)! 
| aay | to erobted abiw eats: nile amarnel nos bodaih 
bod Yexmid xo ogi02D 2obieotl - noinimed blo. 
~od sissy osid? 10 ows yor] wot gorse bollovey 
savit risue@ oes Yo yused odt nm92 bed oH. .evot 
sit astode att borsl seelt aseorol siteojaert od bas 
ni wot stow edtand ait noni dotwG bas ebswe 
oti bar .obizogih luteoseq #10 brs’ godmaun 
-slinsg ° jac” WH holon -o19W eovinen aii eosihal ep 
a: Yilarisving ane etewalsl Yo vevin of Teese 
thos ot ="s9vi0 Sidod bar yiboog* Bee bodinvesh ed 
sd of noose eswer “pis ely lined bee thoit enw 
slodw bas anececalq oisvilab yrs? asw endised la) 
‘gaiiesd teno170 lore onoi192 ‘anoveod odi pinoe 6 
- *goneiT Yo ring rotted oils 08 soaniderszst dgian — - 
| aan bro vo bran site oil ry — % — ne _ ae 


gi 


of 


was offered for sale. The wealthier men among 
the Friends saw the opportunity and Edward Byl- 
lynge and John Fenwick became its purchasers. 
A devoted Friend, Byllynge had been one of those 
who offered themselves as hostages at Westminster 
in 1659. He had suffered like all the rest, but 
had continued to be thought a man of property. 
But times were hard, and when the conveyance 
came to be made the name of John Fenwick, as 
trustee, was substituted for that of Byllynge, and 
after a little while all the interest of the latter was 
given up for the benefit of creditors to three trus- 
tees, Gawen Lawrie, Nicholas Lucas, and William 
Penn. Now for the first time in American history 
appears the name of that great man whom, in the 
words of Lord Macaulay, who viewed him with 
mistaken and unfriendly eye, ‘‘a great Common- 
wealth regards with a reverence similar to that 
which the Athenians felt for Theseus and the 
Romans for Quirinus.’* It is interesting to re- 
mark, as one reads of the reluctance with which 


he assumed this task, how directly Penn’s connec- 


tion with the settlement of Burlington led to the 


founding of Pennsylvania. 
It was now the year of Grace 1675. John Fen- 
wick, a soldier of the civil war and now a Quaker 


(whose memory has been recently preserved by 


* Macaulay’s Hist. of England, vol. 1. p. 394. 


ynom: ase wee sit | 
-iya browhh bar | sed nhirws we 


arenes iq an ontioed 3 ye awe Px saa 
seod) to sco nest bod a yi 


“abiefticoes W oa PO 
md? aeor odd dig Saal bom i 
. AGaqorq lo. fein & “‘adguodt, ph ot hen es ee 
somayounos sft code Bag hand: o1947 oo 
olotwetst ano}. Yo Sette, od) obama ad of 7 
a camel ‘fo, duels tate fohutdan hw : 


wil ua ay ChOU Lk GG todo g yreine is ee 4 
yaotaid ce at oni ser odd ict wor. a rot 


sion rh. meay OHO Pie sett at Sena ses 


wnmusa® 7 Oa i pee sib brik «092 
tilt. 03 apliegte. POMOTSVO- # daiw: abn: 2 ae 

ona hes auszon'T 201 ‘shes annivonaA 9 7s 9 
“21 01 2 (I IIBSAE-, ai, ee “enmitte rol 2 ne 
doidwe. ditwesonkionton Te to ‘ebpa1 ee a 
ISI MOD ‘anos ylios iib woth le yoer22, 
Stly, 03 bol astgarhud: to —— 


~fe'h ntlof exo stunt 
vadnyt) § WOO bas ae ivi 
ml hoviaesrq eiiisont nood a 


28 


vu 


‘the pen of a Jerseyman*), soon set sail with his - 
family and a small company of Friends. Entering 
the Capes, after a prosperous voyage, he landed on 
the Eastern Shore at a “pleasant, rich spot,” to 
which, in memory of its peaceful aspect, he gave 
the name of Salem—an appellation which that 
quiet town has continued to deserve even unto 
this day. Two years of comparative inaction fol- 
lowed. ‘Troublesome disputes between Fenwick 
and Byllynge, which it required all the authority 
and address of Penn to settle, threatened destruc- 
tion tothe colony. But at length these came to an 
end, and the settlement began in earnest. There 
were important things to be done at the beginning. 
First, the province had to be divided by agreement 
with the owner of the other half, and this was 
-not accomplished until 1676. A line was pro- 
vided to be drawn northward from Keg Harbor to 
the Delaware dividing the province into two. The 
eastern part was taken by Sir George Carteret; the 
other by the trustees, who gave it the name of 
West New Jersey. Penn and his agents next 
divided their share into one hundred parts, of 
which they assigned ten to Fenwick and ninety 


to the creditors of Byllynge. But their most 


* Hon. John Clement, of Haddonfield, N. J., to whom I am 
indepted for kind suggestions in the preparation of this address. 
A full account of the relations of Fenwick and Byllynge may be 


found in his valuable Elistory of Fenwick’s Colony. 


okey od io9oqes lstoonsq ay “ytol 
iit doidw aoltellotign msg ip 

ony eve sab oF bowdiin 
slo}. noises ovibwinqmos Yo ay 
Hotwire: aoaveod eonwiegitby 
wirodauis. outs Ths hStivpot a, 
-svieab heneiserdy ols ot 
(nO oa oe) szadidipmsl 15 oe oot 
. Tt We Jeong a nagad: Wri Sars 
, Boirinigad:: eel? ie Snob mish ones | 

ISMII51ER ye babivib od: o1 » hed Ais 
ai atO7 bes Weed a }: Oty 
“ONT Ee gritl Re? Foie lini or fui 
otrodaskt epi rroit. be adit on ® | 
oa f wows otal vanivory sda tibiwi 
Shy 2 5 1SFaD. pgrosd ie yd 
to satea oft It ‘ovng ole 
jeon ahiags vid bos Pre aa | 
to anng hevbaud ‘sap. — pi, 
yiontia how Aoiveas" oY ol 
szoimy risel? al  agay vil 


oi tl i ib G3 f 

pee a cea pry 

od qe: segangllyth pda 
cvabs Dials 


Oe 


sis 


important duty was to frame a constitution for the © 


new country. This was no easy task. None of 
these men were legislators. Neither by birth nor 
election had they enjoyed the advantages of expe- 
rience in the legislative bodies of their country. 
They were not generally men of reading or educa- 
tion (with the exception of Penn), nor of that train- 
ing which is usually essential to true statesmanship. 
Nor in those days had the making of free con- 
stitutions been a frequent task. He who attempted 
it entered an unknown and dangerous country, 
full of disappointments. Lucas and Lawrie were 
men of business little known; Penn was a youth 
of two-and-thirty, and among all their associates 
there were few who had knowledge and none who 
had experience of Statecraft. But they were ani- 
mated by the truest spirit of philanthropy, by the 
sincerest love of liberty, by the warmest devotion 
to what they understood to be the command of 
God. And they were, after all, worthy to lay the 
foundations of a free and humane government. 
Independence of thought, Freedom of person, 
Liberty of conscience: these were the things they 
all believed in and for them they were ready to 
make any sacrifice. For liberty they had suffered 
each and all. For it, men like them had scorned 
danger and gone chanting into battle. For the 
sake of it they had even welcomed the horrors of 
civil war. For it they had charged their brethren 


er « 


ody wit er 2 asin eal 
son Caitd yd i ea 
-oqys Io sogeinavbs an 
Joinwves tied to welll 
-saube 10 yaileon to noc 


sien idd torn denis? Ye a : ae 


cara eH Snw.02 Saab 19% 


b erqeinin. cuit iM oH dest _ | 

avons evowgash has mH worl . 
syomewe dk: Salas a sett joqeanart 
diiey kb 20% fast <n a: ofsait wud te | 
geninozen joes) Is gon, | bas “egntisds-bos-ows. Yo 
arty snheond ‘b Ag subol FOR hy, 180 odw west ora ses 
=itie S10 yods- awl iherotage ‘to sonshequs bed 
wer Yd, yqodrnattides to) tial fe ee: ut aaa 
nuttoveb:.seorn yew. onl? vd bei to | 
Yo banitrmos sit od “ot 4b 


ails yal oF yedtrow fe joie pe ca bah. _ be 
ISU ISVOR once baw aaa > ~ ae 13s bow 


0} ebeot srow vod mort 46 ba Boni poveiled: te 
hosttveibsd vod) ysisdil wt por “semen 
ase Aauaal Aes scales path ti a Poe-teannnt 


: a 


at Naseby and ridden rough-shod over their kindred 


upon Marston Moor. And now they were ready, 
if the day were lost at home, to abandon all and 
seek it beyond the sea. On liberal principles, 
then, did they naturally determine to build up 
their new government in the wilderness, where a 
cen‘ury afterward their children, for whom they 
were making so many sacrifices, were destined to 
fight over again the same battle with an equal 
courage and devotion. Little did they dream— 
those stern yet gentle men of peace—when they 
gave to their infant Commonwealth freedom from 
all taxation except what its own Assemblies should 
impose, that a hundred years later England would 
rise up, sword in hand, to take it back; that for 
the sake of a principle, which they never thought 
to call in question, the little town which they were 
about to found would one day tremble at the roar 
of contending cannon, and the banks of Delaware 


: be stained with English blood! Could they have 


been permitted to foresee the struggle that was 
yet to come they could not more wisely have 
prepared posterity to’ iect it.” Pirst,’they created 
an Executive and Legislative power; the former 
to be chosen by the latter, the Assembly by the 
people, voting to be by ballot, and every man 
capable to choose and to be chosen. Each mem- 
ber of the Assembly they agreed “hath liberty of 
speech,” and shall receive for wages ove shilling a 


| 
oF  } id 
og | 


erbeet sis yadt wen baa: | 
brie He stobards of mod. t8 te ‘sae 919 

Aalqianiig - Inrodil aQ oe brow 
qu blind oF stiisriaeb | tom 
aedw gonsbliw old nt ronmieiy) 
yous. erent woh otblids 9 ¥ 1 | leas pies vat 


nena hw pe SEER eae a mi 
~aas%b etl | bib en i «| i | 13 


-bipow baclgnA x9tel cinq boa ener | ere. 
1obteds < shoud 3 Sxint Or! bined ‘at haus ae pi me): 
~~. 19D et rf louder 8 to alae dt 


1p01 Sai te sisiews pen otto: ty yo" wk 
AWE 40 to édrind: oan: r ont 59 
ove yor bladD) fbeold: dali 

an sed ae es My 4 


mre digi pony ovitelerged Dee 
oft yd “yldercoeeA atin af aa Be 
agit aes baie vollnd. ad OF- 
t3 ‘coatit ‘andl bogs yods xlident 

Ry ay’ he ibe ¥ Le? at i pegs a, 7 ‘ 
2 gniflicts so vogew iol ovens 


31. 


day, “that thereby he may be known as the servant 
_of the people.” No man shall be imprisoned for 
debt nor, without the verdict of a jury, deprived 
of life, liberty or estate, “and all and every person 
in the province shall, by the help of the Lord and 
these fundamentals, be’ free from oppression and 
slavery.” The Indian was to be protected in his 
rights and the orphan brought up by the State. 
Religious freedom in its broadest sense was to be 
secured, and no one “in the least punished or hurt, 
in person, estate or privilege, for the sake of his 
opinion, judgment, faith, or worship toward God 
in matters of religion; for no man nor number of 
men upon earth have power to rule over men’s 
consciences.”* “Such,” writes one who, though 
an alien to their blood and of an hostile creed, 
could do them justice, “fis an outline of the com- 
position which forms the first essay of Quaker 
legislation, and entitles its authors to no mean 
share in the honor of planting civil and religious 
liberty in America.”} Happy would it have been 
for the children of those simple-minded men had 

they never departed from ideas so true, so wise, 
-and so humane! 

~The authors of this document, adopted and signed 
on the 3d of March, 1676, seem to have seen the 


* Smith prints this remarkable document in full in the appendix 
to his History ef New Jersey, p. 512. 
{ Hist. of the U. S., by James Grahame, LL.D., vol. 1. p. 475. 


; 


a 
ng wo en avr ne ari 9¢ 


ei em. 8 to 
| hoetEG YIovs bas ls b ; 
bag bro ods Yo. aan be 
- hae moizzorgqo mont soit’ ad. alainom: 
tid ni boto9101q 2d on esw aatbalort 
902 oft, yd qu idguord, asdqro | 
od 03 anw sense teobaord ati ni mobosth enorgiiey ~ 
dud 10 bodeinaq reno! oda ai” 9a0 on hee i 9 u9 ze ix; 
id, Yo alse ola al ile * 2188, | 02 > | ab ’ ‘4 


e'n9t0, 1940 sii Oo} 19809 oven 
_ Aguod: odw sno, enti ss “gsangioggod— 
beer sliseod. as 46 bas bold vied, 08, ni Cr eee 
-mio9 ala to onilauo. ns.z2i” 99 i ead ob bh : a ec 
wdsuO, to. yeaa, tert, ont psi doidw, aos 
nsom on oF @rodiye 2 eolaiany bag. 101 
eyoigiler bite livio gaitaalq to sonod nls 
saad vedi, bluow yqqskt | tis oA. a 
bad oos, bobaim-olqmnie s s20d3. 10 1; af 
eiw. 02 ou o@ esobi mov, bot 
"ark bas anal sob eids te codiua sth. 
css soe oved 09 mage satel dora Io bg.ada.a 


ac a ad ani Hat al soni ob of Inti 
Ms ea Uy as se ik phe Gast 9219 | 
; 2th ist i ox "oJ ama 


32 


goodness of their handiwork. There,” they cry 
in words which are at once a prophesy and a 
confession of faith, ‘we lay a foundation for after 
ages to understand their liberty, as men and 
Christians, that they may not’ be brought in 
bondage but by their own consent. For we put 
the power in the people.”* | 

So much, then, for this government on paper. 
Where now are the men to put it into execution? 
They come from two different parts of England. 
Amongst the creditors of Byllynge were five 
Friends who dwelt in Yorkshire. Persecutions 
had been very severe in that county, and York 
Castle at one time contained a large number of 
prominent Friends.; Amongst these latter were 
five heads of families who were glad to join the 
creditors of Byllynge in their new plan for settling 
West Jersey, and a company was speedily formed 
amongst them, which was known as the Yorkshire 
Company. It was thus that the names of Clayton, 
Ellis, Hancock, Helmsley, Stacy, and Wetherill 
first came to be transported into Jersey. Meantime 


another company was forming in the vicinity of 


—* Letter of Penn and the others to Hartshorne, London, 6th mo. 
26th, 1676; Smith’s Hist. of N. J., p. So. 

+ Wm. Clayton, Richard Hancock, John Ellis, Richard Guy, 
and Richard Woodmancy were in York Castle at different times 
between 1660 and 1677; Christopher Wetherill in beverley Gaol 


in 1560, Iide Besse, passim. 


ye ee fond): hay: tan bik vsecamatation By 


is 


peg no IngmmarvEs aiuhtt a0 nods mpi | 
|S aoisusex2 otai tt Inq of aorntods oe Won) mad No : 
asigad Yo etaq mnowhib ows mont 90> x at 
ia ow on sai ‘to 21031 bors ot segrtom ae 
anoiiweeeted | atided0Y: ni alowb odw en ae 
a0% bee parent rcilt ni eevee yIOv Mead” bed 
10 rod aura sure x bonistnos or ono 18 alten 
cow 1iiel seed) teonomA ip abiei4) imoaicnong zy 
sey ait 3 baly siow onder pollionst Yo ebaod’ ‘90h 
gniljie2 tot nalq wourieds ni sgayligd Io notibers 
boiniol Yibssqe 2ow yanqmed ® bes Ree ig Vi i 
oridalhioY od328 uwond eawdoidw ood 123 ons 
ea jo somba vi rads auely anw vey on i 


oaunnast pony ona Leneiidinons od iat or i 
el gsiainiy maltaii qaicneh ete 
ay : y, mat th eae , : 


ae ee anions modell ot sail ods baa ne | 
| Sati ath 4 t; pape | : iy 


satin eines ii tha ron a ome 


330 


London. Men came from different parts of Eng- 
land to join its ranks; William Peachy, fresh from 
his trial at Bristo] and under sentence of banishment 
as a convict for attending ‘“‘meetings;” John Kin- 
sey, of Hadham in Hertfordshire, himself a prisoner 
a few years before, and marked among these set- 
tlers of Burlington as the first to die; John Cripps, 
twelve days in a cell in Newgate for “keeping his _ 
hat on in a bold, irreverent manner” when the Lord 
Mayor passed by into Guildhall; Thoimas Ollive, 
familiar with the inside of Northampton Gaol; 
John Woolston, his companion in that prison, and 
Dr. Daniel Wills, tried for banishment for a third 
offence, and thrice in prison for holding meetings 
in his house.* The last three were all men of 
note, and their joining the London Company had 
great influence on its history. In the little town 
of Wellingborough, the home of Ollive, and near 
which the others dwelt, there was a monthly 
meeting. Here Dewsbury, in 1654, had con- 
verted many to the Truth, and here he had been 
mobbed and thrown in gaol. By the spring of 
1677 his disciples had become numerous in North- 


* Vrde Besse’s Sufferings, where these facts are all set forth with 
painful particularity. The names of nearly all the early settlers of 
3urlington can be found in that record of persecution. J doubt if 
there has ever been another town of which so many of its citizens 
had been in gaol. Certainly no other can speak of the matter with 
so much honest pride. 3 


o at cia wathiics 08 pone 
‘emort deat ydoagt. neil al 
cnvsondetand to vanessa 9b ww bas | vai ve: 

eal nol.” egaioom™, gaibaons woh a ais t 
raaoaing s toamid widebiotiwH ai ton 
tea saod) goon boven bee! dda 
oe 2 add act: jib of taf yy 2 ge Wh 

b Wt Lode ue TORK 60 Instsvetti blod b ni no vied 
vill ‘aaenonkT . ; ladblia® osal yd boaenq roy 

re ) motgen eltvo to sbiant arts, driv: vwilienet — 
pi ozing eda nt avinegemos: aid ,nomlooW at a - 
brid @ vot iter: seeideiond 101 bodat, ei V7 sins, wa es ae 
egnisaort gaiblod 10} nositg ai oaiwds bas geangfo ce 

Ae nore Ile ere cords, asl @aT™ ( *oanod. aid. yee 

| bac yasamno: Wome haod ada grtiaot tiods be ai % 

awo) sliil oda at ywoteid a ae, sonoubad 197Q 
ine baw villO to orion elt, iguorodgailla ‘ae 

Udinoen & eBw ered dlowh. aiptlie oda, foidw 

“nod bed wh a : aan enh; | 


| ei garidqe mre a Jia ‘al sei nail 
cir10oY. ni evoremun omsoned bed eokqis 


‘sive HI toe Mp 8, an sess siedw 2 C19! 

te wagltie theo orl fle ybiaga lo. agenem aT “ED, 
Yadneiyl .aginnseaq loobiooen sah ewe it: ri 
aurgeltin eri 9 rico oa thalchw io, bionaio a 


34 

amptonshire, and nowhere, perhaps, had the pro- 
priety of going to America been more earnestly 
discussed. “Many who were valuable,” says an 
old account, “doubting, lest it should be deemed 
flying from persecution.” In the midst of this 
discussion, he, who had converted so many in the 
place twelve years before, gathered the faithful 
about him and bade them go. ‘The Lord,” he 
said, “is about to plant the wilderness of America 
with a choice vine of noble seed, which shall grow 
and flourish.” Let His servants depart thither 
and they shall do well. “I see them, I see them, 
under His blessing, arising into a prosperous and 
happy state.”* And so it came about that many 
of that little band followed the lead of ‘Thomas 
Ollive and Dr. Daniel Wills, and turned their 
faces toward London. 

The preparations are now made and the time 
for departure is at hand. The two companies 
have appointed commissioners to govern them— 
~ Joseph Helmsley, Robert Stacy, William Emley, 
and Thomas Foulke, for the Yorkshire people; 
Thomas Ollive, Daniel Wills, John Penford, and 
Benjamin Scott, for the London purchasers. They 
have secured a staunch ship, under the command 
of an experienced seaman, and she 1s now. lying 

+ Life af Win. ee aes Account of James and William Brown 
in Nottingham Pa. Mo. Mtg. Records. See also The Friend, vol. 


23, PP. 443) 451. 


pwr 
: bon by 


Ve. 
Wy 


Be yi a 


a 
f fins 


prone aq 


a . ne a ‘ ¥ a f be f mn ah i mi " 7 Pe 7 se 
| benere nad ody POT, Cite dom 632° 291 


nt m8 92 boon: 


to ati oot 
ra net pera 


i 


35 7 S78E 
ready in the Thames. With what feelings does 
this band of self-devoted exiles go on board! Does 
any one of the half million souls in the great 
metropolis notice the little company of English 
yeomen, as, laden with their scanty store of house- 
hold stuff and leading their wives and children by 
the hand, they shake the dust of England from 
their feet and clamber on the deck? Does any 
one foresee, as he looks with pride on the forest 
of masts and yard-arms that stretches from Lon- 
don Tower to London Bridge, that of all the ships 
that move to and fro beneath him, or lie at anchor 
in the crowded Thames, but one shall be remem- 
bered? It is not that big merchantman, fast to 
yonder wharf, discharging the rich cargo she has 
just brought from the Indies; nor this gallant ves- 
sel that, as she swings with the tide, turns to him 
a hull scarred with many a Dutch or Spanish | 
broadside; nor yet the stately ship that, at this 
moment, comes slowly up, under full sail, from 
Gravesend. Long after these and they that sailed 
them shall have been forgotten, the happy c'tizens 
of a free commonwealth in a distant land shall 
speak with affectionate remembrance of the good 
ship “Kent” and ‘ Master Godfrey Marlow!” 
Obscure and unnoticed and, perhaps on that ac- 
count undisturbed, all are at Jast on board. They 
have taken leave of their country; it remains only 


to say farewell to their King. It is a pleasant day 


 dailgo. to ‘qaaqueno2 ltt uaee 
. Meenod, Yo. 91022 Yineoe: tise maine 
wd morhlide bas @oviw tio 1 enibss 1 bag Rum blod 
-ghott baslgnd 2o' saab ody porte yous ,basd od mer 
vin g00C  §alooh: orls. no rodents ne $99 ae rel 7 ay 
. Jeptok ona. no. sbinq. daiw, adool, od e@ 99220) te Es 
Od mont gad aio1e todd aerin-bisy bos om 36 a 
eqida oda IIs Yo asd) ogbixd aobnod ot a9woT mob = 
r1edoax ts ail 10 waded dissaod ait bam oy VOR "ae rae 
 ntttoenat od fade ono jud eomedT. by shw 2" f bai 6 
| , ea test fineqinadoio cn gid ted jon a aN Pe 
esl ode ogie9 doit. odt gaigned ib. aned veg ; 
~eov inslisg aidi 100 ;2sibal ona mort idga rid. Jaw 
mid ot ami? bis ode diiw agiiwe: ade md f 1 foe 
deinsg? 19 dow & yoqen, Suacale bo118: ¥ todo 
ait te sda, gine yloiai odd toy. ital, ole , 
tort live Ia wshay qu yawols a 20D. 2: ! 
baline ted yods bas ozody ‘tents ara ba 
anosit'9 yqgad ol) nosto gio apgac i 
Mede basl insiaib s ai dilsow 
boog ods Yo sonsiding ean 9 ONI9TS Miiw Heage 
“! wolie Mi. wibed roiaehy its pg ot it. is 
-on wads ao. eqadieq ,bas, begitor re hae 21092 
yodT ‘orsod no sea 26 si Ue J unraibee 
~yfno eainmsy 4; iting 034 La 
“yb dbaxolq sail aid 


ry 


36 


‘in the opening summer and London is full of gay- 


ety. The banquets at Whitehall have never been 
more brilliant, and the King, in spite of French 
victories and Popish plots and Quaker persecu- 
tions, is as gay as ever. What cares good-natured 
Charles, or my lady of Cleveland, or his Lordship 
of Buckingham if the public mind be full of dis- 
content and the public coffers empty and the pres- 
tige of England be threatened both on sea and 
land? The weather is fine, the French gold still 
holds out, and the charms of Her Grace of Ports- 
mouth are as fresh as ever. ‘The bright sun and 
the pleasant air tempt His Majesty upon the water 
and he passes the afternoon floating in his barge. 
The Thames is full of shipping, for at this time 
London has no rival in commerce but Amsterdam, 
and the King amuses himself watching the ‘vessels 
as they come to and fro. Suddenly the barge 


approaches a ship evidently about to sail. Some- 


thing attracts the King, and draws him near. A 


group of men and women are on the deck, plain 
in appearance, sombre in dress, quiet in demeanor. 


They are of the yeoman class chiefly, and the gay 


‘courtiers wonder what attracts the attention of the 


King. The two strangely different vessels come 
together, and for a moment those widely separated 
companies are face to face. Charles, with that 
pleasant voice that could heal with a friendly 


phrase the wounds inflicted by a lifetime of ingra- 


veel 


, Be i it . 


* 
ante 

; 

— 


LEE T AOM EI. SOS 
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~ 
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we 
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7 


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7 ig . , » oe "99 ‘yoy ee 9 > | x : i r ; 
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4 i 40 a. 

i ; a 7 al 

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x hy } ¢ i { ij 
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| NUA FABIG fi SHIVS Gh Tee 1 eh sie ed 

p i ‘ , " . _ J y's + ~% ay 
SIgW Shil WOda ee ! TONS ik TBARS tq ot a 
P| a 


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Me an sya, ae ‘ . re 


me neni $ fod soractimoo At inv on ‘deal nob er ue i 
: . * | ee m ; oe, Ma 


ir 


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rorsd ody vinsbba@ ort bas oF: S4nic ah dy 


bi inet * : . ; ? i * 4" i F ; | a, by. 

i : at > j , PY vl) ps : “ech b week wee i ~ wh i ic Ke Cr a 
oe i Oy bf" pia See Pw Vian oivS. Ct: o 8 23 On aL A 
ia j be : ; — 


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ne Wp 229170 M1 dna erase nie 


ey so 2 i von e vil y 41 rene Os ns i i a 


aot | & civ ery blood: twel S08 


ST 


titude, inquires who they are. “Quakers, bound 
to America!” is the reply. There is a pause for 
an instant, and then the King, with a royal gesture, 
flings them his blessing, and Charles II. and his 
Quaker subjects have parted forever.* Each to 
his fate according to his manner. ‘‘Now,” said 
old Socrates to his weeping friends, “it is time to 
part, you to life and I to death—which of the two 
things is the better is known only unto God.’+ 
And now the wind is fair and the tide is full and 
the steeples of London are sinking in the west. 
Farewell, broad fields of Norfolk and pleasant 
Kentish woods! Farewell, ye Yorkshire moors 
and sloping Sussex downs! Farewell, old mother 


England! Our feet shall never tread upon your 


shores again. Our eyes shall never more behold 


your face; but from our loins a greater Britain 


shall arise to bless a continent with English jaw 


and English liberty and English speech! 

On the 6th of August (old style), 1677, there is 
excitement on the Kent. The voyage has been 
fair, but the ocean is wide and full of perils, and 
all are longing for the land. Suddenly a faint 


line appears on the horizon. Slowly it rises from 


* Vide Smith’s Hist. of N.J., p.93: ‘‘King Charles the Second 
in his barge, pleasuring on the Thames, came alongside, seeing a 
great many passengers, and, informed whence they were bound, 
asked if they were all Quakers, and gave them his blessing.”’ 


+ Plato’s Apologia, cap. xxxill. 


‘ 


| 
| 
| 


| oid, potio af, aokiadD) bas 

eo dost * eee rr SITKG Ml ati nese 

i bine | ‘wot aden: aid: my Lp & otek. 

i ¥ A TR . ? , , F 
ot anit 2 at 1° * eb att q 


4 ae be omg ar penne < aoe oman at nis bee c 
| iy (lat a obis edi bie. aie bb baiw oly vou bak ua Bs 
W297. oils at arabe O18 jearosne Yo 3 Bhi. 


goon | natty ou Roane | dette A 

rediom blo Uewowt leawob bdr yet abuse 
swoy noqu bee rsvon Lede’ sot wot agiga +, 
bloded siom reven Ilede: AND 00> “niage: asiode | 

| mene Nght iB Saaiias Wwe) no eid phic " 


| ‘ s dust ome vi ean > ani bys ste r ae 


. si be ioe ie) wei ares, 


ann avon’ satin i is 
ie & peer grt ial 4 


adel aoein ti A ete noni — eqqecnall 


38 


the sea until at last the straining eyes of the Kent’s 
passengers can make out land. It is a low, sandy 
beach projecting far into the sea. By and by 
behind it appears the faint blue of distant hills, 
and at last the clear outlines of a well-wooded 
shore. ‘The old ship turns to the northwest and 
enters the mouth of a beautiful bay. This is the 
first vicw of the Western World—the harbor of 
New York. The object the emigrants have in 
view in coming here is to wait upon Sir Edmund 
Andros, the Duke of York’s lately appointed go- 
vernor of his territory.* Accordingly the com- 
missioners go on shore. , Andros receives them 
coldly. They inform him of their purpose to 
settle on the Delaware. He feigns an ignorance 
of their authority. They remind him of the law 
and repeat how the land in West Jersey was 
granted by the King to his brother, by the Duke 
to Carteret and Berkeley, and by them to their 
grantors. It is of no use. ‘Show me a line from 


the Duke himseif,” says Andros. They have neg- 


lected this precaution. Upon which the governor 


forbids them to proceed, and when_remonstrated 
with, touches his sword significantly. Here is a 
new and unexpected trouble, and it is no comfort 
to learn that John Fenwick is at the moment a 


prisoner in New York for attempting his settle- 


-* Smith’s Hist. of N. J., p. 93. 


| oe has he hoe Ont ‘onal’ 4 


ch ‘roniavog oni doidwe noq UJ. soltwaos1q, abd | 


| onetmos on zi ti bas widow b: 


a baud ae nie ue 
- vbase wet ® a 1! hired two 


walid dnwreth to ould mist ‘add arae qa 8 
bsboow-lisw g to" voathwo desta Pri rant 4 
bas gewdsion ady of ee qida blo odT srotle 
odi ef eid xsd Ivtitused » Yo diver ody sisal fs 
mh to rodiad- 9Ahq——blso VV nisiea ot Yo woiv ina” ae 
oni oved einsigiars of sosido oar hot wi cs Ans : - 
bnumbal v2 soqu tigw of ef sod. ‘yrimos of wait: bodes fae 
-O2 hsiniogqs qloial 2 fata} Yo sau sft eorboA Ms oie a 
“moo oAT ‘yigaibioas A. * ons aid Yo’ one baa 
i coal 2a viens torbnA  .sroda mo og eronoizeinn i ei 
of g20q 10g siods 9 9 ma enroltni youT wublos make aie | 
soasiongi ng angist oH. stnwalo od? 0 slitse alle Cs 
wel 9d) Yo evil balmear yodT “(itoring vod wns 
eaw vyoeis|, oW af bref sd? wad insqet” bine Bae 
sduC odi yd pretvorid ail ot gait sd¥ yd Botnet, pins ee 
tied) oF mod yd baw lode ber wpe ame: 
| Amott onil ¢ amt wode™.~ seu on Yo i) ae 18% wiht 
«gon sved yodT ‘poubaA ayn. “Doartist sith aay 


beienianomts: asdw bas bos201q of peer be 
sei SoH ylinsoMingie broiwe ait" ape 


& InoMgom, ody. 18 ab yey 


ye “slate baie a eo sng aroY wo 
ned a ue ar, sant 


39 


ment at Salem without the Duke’s authority. 
Suddenly their perplexity is unexpectedly relieved. 
If they will take commissions from him Sir Ed- 
mund will allow them to set sail, but they must 
promise to write to England and abide by the 
result. Anxious to escape from the dilemma they 
accept the proposal; Fenwick is released at the 
same time, and they set sail forthe Delaware. On 
the 16th day of August—about the 26th according 
to our style—they reach the site of New Castle, 
and presently —230 in number—land at the mouth 
of Raccoon Creek.* The few settlements of the 
Dutch and Swedes have hardly changed the origi- 
nal appearance of the country, and they find them- 
selves on the borders of a wilderness. The Swedes 
have a few houses at the landing place, and in 
these and in tents and caves our new-comers take 
temporary lodging. It is a change from the snug 
homes to which they have been accustomed, and 
the fare they find is rough, but there is no mur- 
muring among them. “I never heard them say,” 
wrote one of their number, who had herself ex- 
changed a pleasant home in England for a cave— 
“Tf never heard them say ‘I would I had ‘never 
come, which it is worth observing, considering 
how plentifully they had lived in England.’’+ But 
* Smith’s Hist., p. 93. 


f Barber and Howe's Hist. Coll., p. go. My friend Wim. John 


Potts, Esq., of Camden, N J., an indefatigable antiquary, whose 


zt if pnp ods pdt ey one i 3 
ola ta baasslon ‘3 doiwnaL 3 ibn prt 98. 


uP orayentoy ne oh ae tne Asns hing-< send) 


; pi on dt a¢ boel—aodeaue ai ogs-—yhaaaeag bas 
edt’ to z1gaemaltioz vw} af T ® eo) soosg8A to 


tied), bat yards, bas TuAUgs ody to 5208 HOK 


a guna ot moi sacada g ai a, .gnigbol: isIoqmnst 
hrs .bomotewoas aged ovad qd. doidw ot a 10 


| x9 Poated bed orw codenua rioda.) 9907 
oe d¥RD &. Wt baslgad ie ono I 4 y BOAE birt of C 

| qov9n bel 1 bluow I? yaa. woods, by sod } 
‘ai sapiens oer ual di it d a 


Ciara he 


vliae2 ) wot Yo oji2 rs pri ss ia wo oh 


-igixa oAt bogaed> ylbied ovarl esbowe baw dowd 
qa len 
asbowe? off eaocrisbliw eae etabiod 2d1.a0 eovioa 
ni bas ,eonlq yoibasl odt7de eaauod, wot. S ved . 

Wet 2190N0D-w9N IO 2VED. bas annad ab bas seo . 


<I OF 2 snods jud dgwor et, bot oa | ot 
“yee ened? bined r9v00 I” .moslt grormm ga 


40 


they were not given to complaining, and moreover 


the autumn is at hand. Without delay the com- 
missioners set out to examine the country and 
settle the terms of purchase with the Indians. 
Accompanied by Swedish interpreters they buy 
three tracts—from the Assanpink to the Rancocas, 
from Rancocas to Timber Creek, and from Tim- 
ber Creek to Old Man’s Creek.* The Yorkshire 
purchasers choose the former as their share; the 
London decide to settle at Arwaumus, near the 
present Gloucester; and Daniel Wills orders timber 


_to be felled and grass to be cut in preparation for 


the winter. 
But a second thought prevails. Why should we 


acquatntance with early history has been of the greatest assistance 
to me, writes: ‘‘Some of them were obliged to live in caves, owing 
to the scarcity of houses. Similar instances occurred in the first 
settlement of Philadelphia. I have the honor to descend from a 
cave-dweller myself. The most noted instance of this I think you 


will find in Barber and Howe, under Columbus, where it is men- 


tioned that in that part of Burlington County Thomas Scattergood, 
whose benevolent name still flourishes among us, brought up nine 
children in a cave.’’ Like Mr. Potts, I can count a cave-dweller 
among my ancestors. One of them sailed up Dock Creek, now 
Dock Street, and landing, lived in a cave below Second Street while 


_ his house was building. No less a person than Francis Daniel Pas- 


_ torius lived in a cave in October, 1683. These caves were excava- 


tions in the banks, roofed and faced with logs overlaid with sod or 
bark, or plastered with clay. Vzde Watson’s Annals of Philadelphia, 


Wol.thepa I71. 


* The list of articles paid for the land can be found in Smith’s 


wetist, wi. ]., p..95,, Nate. 


bas gE. 


Wd 


a ssid “> ef } Cilw prt d: nog’ 


re 


oe 


— 


rity 1 in wh Ye TN 
worl} fISIV WS 


| , & hy awe yd: boinegen 
a an ah 4 , | rae i pid ; a aid Saibsivs ink: Mfesiehel GE is ad 
BEQOOME SL S17 0) Nicaea A “fl “eno t-—eroem bane 


ah 
— 
eo: AO ee 
P 
a — 
Si — 
- Pa = 
= ss 
f 
re 
; 
ne 
= 
—— 
es 


F a) hay ar . i mt j 7 mae 
-m TF mow bos est) rodeniTh of eso0 one SE ir 


é 


ini | Aes a nod ‘4 
1 Sale & y t rey] ie) elie j Cr (J — “yeresDL of 14% senig © 


; y? fe Ps r “ ; ia ° \ og 
2 a. en. | Oe re eae og “" cl ge i a e a’, | ee ee Ye 
se Mi OED VEC TT Tk THD i, OF 626g Dik Di st: 9G ‘OT. fe ’ 
hs A «3 m. « 
Ke f ‘ f sate ae ; é 
ae | i rage wo ony) 
“7 Le ed f afr vr ; oe ¥* 2’ ‘ A ai sa 4A tics 2 sim ey oi 7 r3 " oe * iva 
i ~/ = ON ; 
: _ 
4 is ook 
esi riage of eye ¢ tine We ante ig ee ye 
blesduibicalh s\n ma , : OMI Vike Aiw Sonn ain pos. ' 
; Bare ,A9VE9 OF Pagid yw ond to smiog** peoinw., on oa 


PS DSTI Bae Ies ic @sevonl Fo Von oft oo jong 


| & arott beopead ox tomo’ sity sved 1 stid@lebalia te + oes 


‘re ens T att jo, ooentewi haion jeom oat Mowgin tolls vn boven 
t : “oom el it buod wiranloD Vb owoH bos vedietf ai bat Kw, - 
) y pag boos oie exmtoal ) yiiod sorgailiwa to tueq tack at saved honoit 
i siin qu idutor a grena escenvon Hite 9 omen jaoie rrocied seoitw 


ae nag & tinyod ano lL enod iM OWT ova ie ol rv bilishy 
wot ,dse1 dood qu holin ol) 16, sit), . aolesona eet Brome 


ny 


olidw ise'nte hawosd wolod 98> & Hi boll de gribast bes sae 

-eeL Ioian( aioe nat aoezisq 5 ees! on gaibliod “cw 
}  aEOS Owens seolT 2808 adele! Mi ovno nae 
ae Ww raat pie hisheve Roh AE: a brig: hstoe. rate 

ale le Oe Me Ul ee) 
AStth ae | wo SnitiA @ oan" ff a“ ‘4 “ble dsiw tives 


oO 


z 


a bowel ad 8 bast ot rat bit 


x be 
aS 


41 


separate? We have passed through many perils 
together, we are few in number,-the forests are 
thick and full of savages; let us build a town in 
company. Itisat once agreed upon. Where shall 
it be? Old Man’s Creek is too near John Fen- 
wick’s colony; Assanpink is too far; the mouth 
of the Rancocas is amarsh. None of these points 
will do. About six miles above the last named 
creek, within the limits of the Yorkshire tenth, 
there are two islands. One, called ‘“‘ Matiniconk,” 
lies in the middle of the river, which here turns 


suddenly to the south, and forms a little bay. The | 


other lies close against the Jersey shore, from 
which it is separated only by a narrow creek 
where the tide ebbs and flows, and is known as 
“Jegou’s Island.” It has taken this name not 
from an Indian chief, as is at first supposed, but 
from a Frenchman who lately lived at ‘ Water- 
Lily Point.”* On this neck of land between the 
Asiskonk Creek and the Delaware River, oppo- 


* In an unpublished lecture delivered in 1870, the Rev. William 
Allen Johnson, formerly Rector of St. Mary’s, has solved these 
two questions, which so long puzzled the local antiquary: ‘‘Chy- 
goe,’’ he says, is a misspelling of the name of Jegou, and ‘‘ Lazy’’ 
or ‘Leazy’’ Point—which he has found spelled in five different 
ways—a corruption of the Dutch word Lisch, Pond- or Water-Lily. 
}) have no doubt of the correctness of this simple explanation. 
Water-Lily Point would not be an inappropriate name for the place 
to-day. Mr. Johnson’s lecture was the result of much labor and 
careful examination. The credit of settling these points belongs 
entirely to him. 


3 


ri ene 
73 


oq ie nt 


lin 


7 O18 area 3 ; 


i Te me ‘ m., ae et 
Ee an Y oo by Dit 


Leech app eet 
Lede * a! a 


=> 
- 
ee 
™ 
“ 
a 
. 


* an Mi 4 7 te ge | e: +’ 
a Neon Pe Lae: eae wert} a a 
Pe me, COT: eat 
‘ * : “~, 
LILO LT 98 Baap hs | 
; ‘ u 15) i ¥ : vig) hel ty 
4 : " ~ a om .* ne  * ae 
a a 7 Ki, 4 ea of * ox em mS ee ut .tat «ts i 
efi Jd POOL 20 SiO vs ‘ ld ISE) & el ee I09 oak 
7 j : : Gey, 
| # f ‘ ; Pelle | ahd 


Ya ote ms" coe Je peel adi nai 
gah ‘ sha kh . ney %, re & | a\? BI LETS Be | eo , MY 


| 
bs te j Teoh cae kas y ek dey tte < «on, f >} hm re poh oe ywrs 7s *:. i 
& ee 4 J Le a ee eee ane kt WE ith ans r 
a . ne e + ao ie! < 
eh: ¥ a > » ms , Bar +2 —o 
bart iv : me 13 am? Dil a o (33 hat eos. if; 


r 

= 

+e 

a 

~s, 
os 
ok 
- 
—— 
Slee 
‘el 
——s 


P it? obbua Bi 
een aif, i 


mot <s10re yoe 511) denisye se2ols hia rorls oe 


‘ i i I - noe aa wif hb Ta oi 2 Bt e4 
* . y pai by 
| ud , qqua teint te et en teido agibal ag mort 
Ph ene Na “Si VN is BOVIL. ViOIBi UOEW Ff riecrecl 91 Dial 
; . Een ere (Nay) me my ame oh ice oo ee Cae Selig ae ce 
my wy ee, Oo WIA Nth, JO 2ST Say i } rio’ li - 
¢ f ; : J ne he hos At 7 
i VIAL GIRWELISLT SAF DNS W4: 19 Anoak oA 
i mands wod oil Lat OL het vilals oy uscval hs 
i) 
oe + bovioe ent eye 32 to +ones A proce noe 


penn (isipiins moo! sel — gic! og site 


eT 
‘% 
mn 


(und hae wwoysl Jo amen ol to gnillsqee tet a at anen ait 
iemstib ova at balfeqa bad ent onl’ vid ko soa sh 


— et iy CS CL AGILE GEL ALERT AEB CE 
ry 
~ 


Berea! aa i gent tae e. 3 vr 
j “7 oe ee 8 A 7 hi ei TU yw if 44 8 
. # i ¢ 
hosoRgKs slqaile & crs Yo veaiioy TOs ot 
i 4 os a , 
5 oN ae ee Oe ed ; 
wits - of tip't “4 end 1a STIL % Oey rag . qq ntti t ne od toit ’ ee h 
oe 


i 


| Heh Ses. vodinl vin if Yo ‘Muar od enw auiaal é —— 
fb ody gaits to ai bors wT 


ey old CRO sis 


a " pi 
gm 7 earthy 


com ee 


42 


site Matiniconk, three Dutchmen settled long be- 
fore the surrender to the English. Their rights 
were recognized by Governor Carteret in 1666, 
and soon afterward sold to Peter Jegou, who, 
about 1668, armed with a license from the same 
authority, built on the point, hard by the water- 
side, a log house after the Swedish fashion.* It 
was the only tavern in this part of the country. 
And it was well placed, for at this point the nar- 
row footpath which leads through the woods 
from the banks of the North River comes out 
upon the Delaware, and those who journey from 
Manhattan toward Virginia, must cross the latter 
river at this point. ‘This is the place which Go- 
vernor Lovelace meant when in expectation of a 
journey thither some years ago, he directed one of 
his servants to ‘‘go with the horse allotted by the 
captain, as speedily as you can, to Navesink, and 
thence to the house of Mr. Jegoe, right against 
Matiniconk Island, on Delaware River, where 
there are persons ready to receive you.”+ But the 
journey was not undertaken, for somehow or other 
Jegou became an object of hatred to the Indians, 
-and recently (in 1670) they have plundered him 


and driven him away. His house was empty and 


* Record of Upland Court, 9th mo. 25th, 1679; Memoirs of 
Hist. Soc. of Penna., vol. vii. p. r4o. 

{ For this I am indebted to the discoveries among the Records 
at Albany of the Rev. W. A. Johnson. 


ali 


be Me Odd “_ Mt ‘ve dn a? ) Sis gee ai 
| \ eur ball \ r 4 ei as 4 we ‘_P we + 1Of tt 


hie digit edt er 


orlw oy ol » 


* 


Py ys | rt ba sil 


we 


aap 
| 
__ 
Non? 
-- 
= 
o 
“ 
= 
- 
= 
— 
sets 
A 


aa 1g dt m0 iid ito oe 
aS “OMBEL eipawe Sy. io7te oe ord got is wb ae 


eS -.vINuOD Bi to eq ent Ar alerts yt e- oat 2 + i 
OR el aaa Vill al : i ia eh & er Prag a‘ F 7 ia 
a om Dott iD Die is Citas Je JUS baat q ties ¥e anw oie baa” nn 
©, ae 


fF eboew sdi deguords zbesl doidw’ ay sqiaot : waged, 


pea ve Vise sai er) eae. ee! (oe Fak lhe (ee eae 
oe . Pe © oN, Co AREGAS Be th ae had tt , whe a a0) ees | (j ais v Tre pa he ‘ee } 
t nd ( ; : : : Oe eo law 


§ een ar 5 PG Cet r 4 wy y rae t A, fees 
= eeu" ‘ Pere PAPER. Ses rt ft ref ‘bent hie art ‘at... ie 
p. * eu . wth bee et wt he ft ha * ia Ji » oO Li 4 i if * ‘ wf bell noqy . 
i J . , ae ae 

a. ewe a my peat, oe t : f rs ¥ ah he De 5 
oval ody 201 J2um .sinigri¥ biswod anita fas 


“Ow? AD iW SORIG Si7 2k anit 3010 ye sii I8 19vi7 


& 40 MOlSIISUKS Ai non Ww iigoe 9 RISO. i ToaT8y 


yon dys 


STTOS 


medw ovidl sagwe io co backed Jos 
| ona s08  '\noy o¥isce1 02 ybaor anozeg ate on 
re ed gee vot ,nodstebaw ton eaw yomna) 
2 ot ot bs oie to ) 139{o ne omsood WO! 
19 bl oven yor Lah f sti) china bi 


tr 


(ho asw sevod iH us awe ants a navinh 


“ont! 
fam Mii, 
bs ort yeoman esinavoneid sis o1 bh f “ 


+3 


deserted five years ago, as is mentioned by a very 
noted traveller. After a day’s journey of fifty 
miles without seeing man or woman, house or 
dwelling-place, he says, “at night, finding an old 
house which the Indians had forced the people to 
leave, we made a fire and lay there at the head of 
Delaware Bay. ‘The next day we swam our horses 
over the river, about a mile, twice, first to an island 
called Upper Dinidock, and then to the mainland, 
having hired Indians to help us over in their ca- 
noes.” ‘This is especially interesting, for the name 
of that traveller was George Fox.* 

“Matiniconk” lies too far from the mainland, 
but Jegou’s Island is a very fit place for a town. 
It is about a mile long and half as wide. It lies, 
as I have said, on the only path between the North 
River and the South, and the channel in front of 
‘it is deep enough for ships of large burthen.. Its 
soil is rich, its meadows rank with grass, its trees 
tall and luxuriant, and its green and sloping bank 
destined to be always beautiful. ‘The decision in 
its favor is soon made, and the emigrants, embark- 
ing in small boats, ascend the Delaware. 

Tinakonk, the residence of the ancient Swedish 
Governors; Wickakoe, a small settlement of that 
people, close to the high bluff called “ Coaqua- 
nock,” “a splendid site for a town;” Takona, an 


ancient Indian town, and the mouth of the Ran- 


* Fox’s Journal, 7th mo. roth, 1672. 


“TOY bain  gOQH BINDY OV 
Gia te acral, ayab, Ts 19) Rak of av 
9. oad GROW AO, HRM. Bq os oda . * a: 
blo ae ghibaa adginte” ayne Ot posla- 
03 elqosg orld beort0t badd easibal ould 
jo besd oft se pteds yal baw, 2a @ pte 
goaiod avo cipwe ow yeb xen od TT yell ovewe 
baslel.opos. dani 2 sobwd oles mods VN arly 19¥0 
basiciee odt.o7 nodi bas ldobiaid, tis 
| nn nig elt du, t9%0 20 glod ot zanibal batid de i 
ornsn od? rok agile att llsioages a oid. goon 
ie # od: Sg1080) aw yollavert and me 
bastaiaen ott pet 16} OOF aoil “Anooiniie £ 
wot a wt odslq 12 yrov a ei baalel 2 ‘uogell: tod ; 
asil al .obiw es ted bag, gaol alin & nods a 
dra Vi oda noawsed disq ying oi po -bise oved E eh 
| 5 mot ai looasda odt bas awed: ods bos aovist: 
9 hh, moalamnd ogial to eqida xt dguons, qoah aia 
20o11 ati 2enty diiw Ager awobsoca ant eAloin Hea ae 
Ansd gniqole bas seorg 2th bas. oneiwxul b sie _ Mt Be 
ninoizioeh aT  Jutaused axnwin, od 01 bor ieob 
vhadme aanergioas oslt bas oes ar ai 70 ! ch at iS are 


ha { 


ange” ? ‘bolle Rold pi 
wae euoadsT My nwot Si vine 
cake ol do- aah 


hi att aay 


44 


cocas, or “ Northampton River,” are passed in 
turn. It is already Jate in October, and the wild 
landscape lies bathed in the mellow glory of the 
Indian summer. Beneath a sky more cloudless 
than English eyes have been wont to see waves 
the primeval forest clad in the rainbow garments 
of the Fall. No sound breaks the stillness save 
the plash of the oars in the water or the whistling 
of the wings of the wild-fowl that rise in count- 
less numbers from the marshes. The air is full 
of the perfume of grapes, that hang in clusters on 
the banks and climb from tree to tree, and the 
sturgeons leap before the advancing prow. The 
startled deer stands motionless upon the beach; 
and hidden in the tangled thickets the Indian 
gazes in silent wonder at the pale-faced strangers 
that have come to take his place in the land of 
his fathers. Presently the river seems suddenly to 
come to a stop. On the left is a gravel beach. 
In the distance in front an island, with a steep red 
bank washed by the rushing stream and pierced 
with swallows’ holes. To the right, a bit of 
marsh, the mouth of a silvery creek, a meadow 
sloping to’ the shore, and then a high bank lined 
with mulberries and sycamores and unutterably 
green. For the first time, and after so many days, 
the eyes of its founders have rested upon Burling- 
ton! 

Among them was a youth of one-and-twenty. 


rey c~A 7 


. voltort adit 


1 ah 
4 ae ns a “ 4 Wok a4 ay 7. ou ne oe Ee) 
¢ Gut ¥ " wt db iJ oa ey 4% Le | IVR Eb: ao 
vy i 
7 " . 3 , y 
~ : © *% ™ > ¥ , ny Sh * M ” 
is ae ! “a f few iy i} ? ta 3291 oO 
- \ 


{a “ 5 P ; tut 
) hoy : 4 “a ’ rt ae Way yl 
47 a4 f r 
, é < whee 2 J i ; i} nat Cy VW Fo 


sid odd to yotew odd ni ako odd Ye! peat 


‘ <3 b s 
y Ls i | 4 
{ j } ee 
% 
S| 
: i } ! ’ | “> 
rls 5 ; } P| ; 
" ; " ; 
hy 7 é + ~ 4 
‘ 4 t 2 a r A 
C q 
, tr rs 
f iM ( ie 
ft z ) 4 J 
i ‘ » 
gel + 
‘ 4 - gd 
r 
f + , ; 
* t ft , 1 
\ P : t 
Via if DET+SIEd OL. Ft 
n * * 
; : a ; Mi 
” ‘i y 
+ wth eo v7 P v EY eve 4 oe a te 
b J De fe 2ntT9S bIVE1 Wald Of ei 
if % fe ss 
. " P f ee. 
: ~ ' 4 ssf } aa 
‘ ! ¥ Fb 2 et Ph Mes wai’ 
J yt 
tt - fe a 
eam y 
; hd (Arr eotar re 
7 - 4 ‘ y oF E a 
} : , 5 j Bs 
i bili sai | ‘lead aay 
Phy ay Oy aiken ee is ie Oe ae rere faire , LEeerioge i , we 3 
: he 20 Oe ee 0 Nad Mitits Iki ibs SEL PEACE on 4 (a yO aus 
i 4 he a ; “y 
ee a ae f Le 4 2" & 
Uns Oe 44 ; Pan } aa be a a fi } {) t o hr wr ) ae OG! Tewe od q 
ne ; gre : yee e ' : ? Sais! 
: i . r 7 o) 


mal & Bre eco & to divoat alt ) 


erent Dits e710 rrinaye ban zai sell 


bar omit 21, 


4 Pe a a MREE: 
OTe TOC boi 291 owed § 


| | 45 
The first of his race to be born in the Quaker 


faith, he had grown up amid persecution and 
been familiar with suffering from his boyhood. 
A child of tender years he had, wonderingly, 
followed his family, driven from their old home 
for conscience’ sake, and among his earliest 
recollections was the admonition of his dying 
father to seek a refuge beyond the sea. Beside 
him was the English maiden who, in a short time, 
in the primitive meeting-house made of a sail 
taken from the Kent, was to become his wife. 
Little that youthful pair imagine, as they gazed 
for the first time on Jegou’s Island, that at the 
end of two centuries, one of their name and line- 
age, looking back to them across the graves of five 
generations of their children, would stand here in 
old Burlington to-day, and lift his voice in com- 
memoration of an event in which they were then 
taking an humble but honorable part !* 


* James Browne, the fourth son of Richard and Mary Browne, 
of Sywell, in Northamptonshire, was born on the 27th of 3d mo., 
1656. Ilis father, whom Wm. Dewsbury had converted in 1654-5, 
died in 1662, before which time the family had removed to Pud- 
dington, in Bedfordshire. James remained at Burlington but a 
short time, settling in 1678 at Chichester or Markus Hook, in Penn- 
sylvania. On the 8th of the 6th month, 1679, he married, at Bur- 
lington, Honour, the daughter of William Clayton (one of the 
Yorkshire purchasers and a passenger with his family in the Kent). 


He lived on his place, called ‘‘ Podington,’”’ on Chichester Creek, 


until 1705, when he gave it to his son William and removed “into 


the wilderness. He died at Nottingham, Penna., in 1716. 


pre od i. ale 4m daly 
a seal soins: >a bisa qa 


shia blo seat mot pose Sem 
jesihies zi goome bas —aase ‘somoioan 
gniyb eid to noiinombs 94a caw anoitooll ; 
ied £92 ont baoyed: guile? s Hose ot rod ae 
“omit tiode « ai odvw nobisa deilgod oda a id 
line 8 to eben veuod- -gaizgom ovisienlig odt ai a aa 
“sliw vid ‘gmoood ot egw gaol od} smott aoakst 
bossy you} af Onigems Heq luitdiwoy ied olaaic me 3 
od3 in isd ,baslel evogel mo omit ten ody ae 
-onil bas orisn tiodd to ono @otwias9. owt to baa 
| evi lo gOV RTS ofli 220" 128 ead ordlond gaidtool Os 
nt s1ad basi bluow aotblids ti9d3. to. CHE 
-moo ni soiov, eid Ril bas yysb-o coigailw | 


nodt siow yor) doidwy ot, Jneve.as Yo ngiter scot 


i “nag. aldsronod ud oldimod ab oa | 


Pe ee 2 
a ~~ mat 7, 


aa 


| ; ia 
word yall bas bia duiid jo now Atul od omar & rena | 
wa veer bd to dats gd. wad enw adalat a 


a al sing atlasil 46 liek eee thot 

\ <oD of do evita 10 198end abel D 18 abner 192 (9f 

ime, cboirasee ork gpon. .doecorm ‘flo, ats Yo si yar os 

et to eto) non gel en gilli “i to tone a 
Cana ot ini ehiated aid sive 19pe ean 

(lea, YeronoidD no  norgnibet 

eee? * bovoman bas — ne zi 


ve, ‘ Oy RN ial Wee in : oat 
Ly, aides Ee ALY Reset eae i 
Poh 0) 0 GR os) ANRDUIG soRS 0) A aa et rhe era me yr 


46 


Among those who Janded on the bank at Bur- 


lington on that autumn day was Richard Noble, 


a surveyor. He had come with John Fenwick 
two years before, and his profession had naturally 
made him familiar with the country. To him » 
was at once committed the duty of laying out the 
town—a labor in which William Matlack and 
others of the young men assisted.* A broad and 
imposing main street was opened through the 
forest, running at right angles to the river, south- 
ward into the country. It 1s probable that it did 
not at first extend very far past the place at which 
we are gathered now. Another, crossing it, ran 
lengthwise through the middle of the island, and 
a third was opened on the bank. The town thus 
laid out was divided into twenty properties—ten 
in the eastern part for the Yorkshire men, and 
ten in the western for the London proprietors. 
All hands went at once to work to prepare for the 
winter. Marshall, a carpenter, directed the build- 
ing, and the forests began to resound with the 
blows of his axe. A clearing was made on the 
south side of the main street, near Broad, and a 
tent pitched there as a temporary meeting-house. | 
In a short time the settlement began to have the 
appearance of a town, and, when worthy of a 


name, in memory of a village in old Yorkshire, 


* Wm. Matlack’s affidavit, stating these facts, is to be found in 
Book A, in the Surveyor-General’s office in Burlington. 


bates 


epee ie ey ae es a a oe Da trey. le oe 109 


{ ¢ + + i ; 
4 es 2 ¥ a % mw rey rir? «acs "y 
oe ee Awe IDE? BiwOy Sas jo: eisai 
fash \ y 
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PhAD ER dd \ ‘ 0 ERA RE ee ok RR Be age 
Le i ee 
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i+ WS ao } Se ee is a ee & . ’ a4 » | tin | A} | al re ee si 
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het — 


47 


was christened ‘ Burlington.”* The dwellings 
were at first caves, dug in the banks and faced 
with boards, or shanties of the most primitive 
description. ‘They were not built of logs, as 1s 
popularly believed. It is to the Swede alone that 
we owe the “block-house” of our early Indian 
wars and the “log cabin” of political campaigns. 
Two Dutch travellers who saw Burlington when 
it was two years old, say on this point that “the 
English and many others have houses made of 
nothing but clap-boards, as they call them here. 
They make a wooden frame, as in Westphalia and 
at Altona, but not so strong, then split boards of 
clapwood like coopers’ staves, though unbent, so 
that the thickest endisabouta little finger thick, and 
the other is made sharp like the end of a knife. 
They are about five or six feet long, and are nailed 
on with the ends lapping over each other. . . . 
When it is cold and windy the best people plaster 
‘them. with clay.”+ From these details we can 
imagine the homes of our first settlers, “‘ many of 


* Smith says it was first called New Beverley, and next, Bridling- 
ton, and by the latter name it appears on Holme’s Map, dated 1682. 
I find, however, that the earliest letters written from the place 
(several within a week or two of the beginning of the town) are 
dated at ‘‘ Burlington.’’ Bridlington and Burlington are the same 
name, and the latter is a very old form of the word. Richard 
Boyle was created Earl of Burlington in 1663. 

{ Journal of Dankers and Sluyter in 1679, published by Long 
Island Hist. Soc., vol. 1. pp. 173-175. 


) 
| 
{ 
| 
{ 
| 


. ; ri ne Hi 7 ¥ F e nas rr ‘ 7 
ay 
, ‘ b 7 i 

\ ie nb ta 


iw aguillowb odT Tans ae 

: ~ bagst bre -eland aes ath ou 
evitioning: 20m od | = He 

gi em. ago! to alind 3 pa ow 


ct 


asibal nso 3 wo. gi i id® a, ia. 


engiagms Isoiilog Yo;! “aides gol” ods 


noe wi senor) wae odw 2 ‘as 


a shat pi ie pie a yase bas bil ilgne 
““orod_omodd Ileo yods en gbasod-qalo tad | ee 
bite siledqaes W ai es amish moboow & oda. x i 
to ebasod tilge aod Gnee, oe Jon jud waowt 
oe. Jnadag dguodls wovEse © W000 oat, boow: 
bas sloids gaa olsil a1wodaet bas weodoidy ods and 
tind « Yo bas ods oilil qinde obam 2i tadao oda” 
belien o78 bas ,gaol 1901 xia 10 vit tupds. ome yodT 
+ + »,e19¢to, dose yevo. goiqgal, baa ora ab biw,10. 
sonesiq slqooq vod ofl vbaiw. bas blog a 4 nod 
nso aw elisieb eed mord - ae sla hig, ies 
jo ynam” et9izi9e werd two Yo aomorl oi enigsmi — 


ie eis rs : 
aniline ican. ee ara ae bolas. er anw 4i e nyse viene 
98x beieb .qeM e'amloH ao esoqqe a oman: ‘ 


“— ods movr seis aiden pai ip itt a 


aeesne + alt, 48 peg tik bas oorgeith bal “.nodge 
baci -biow od Jo tit blo ie Sa cunat e 
: 1 2885 al Sovgutw Vo hall bots tie 

ahi wd Bod pare ai eenenee, bar eras Yo my 


i os | ie e, 4 + sain 2% ‘a ya my oh Ak 


48° 


whom,” says one of them, “had been men of 


‘good estate.” ‘That they remembered their Eng- 


lish homes with fond affection is proved in many 
ways. Wills gave to one portion of the neighbor- 
hood the name of his native ‘ Northampton,” 


which it bears to-day, and the township of ‘* Wil- 


lingborough,” where many of you dwell, recalls 


the home of Ollive. “York” Street is close at 
hand, though the bridge that bore that name has 
disappeared; and what boy is there in Burlington 
to-day that has not thrown a line from “ London” 
bridge? ‘Oh, remember us,” they write to their 
friends in England, “for we cannot forget you; 
many waters cannot quench our love nor distance 
wear out the deep remembrance. . . Though 
the Lord hath been pleased to remove us far away 
from you, as to the ends of the earth, yet are we 
present with you. Your exercises are ours; our 
hearts are dissolved in the remembrance of you.” 
But though their thoughts turned fondly to 
England and their brethren, they did not repine. 
They found the country good; “so good,” wrote 
one as early as the 6th of November, 1677, “that 
I do not see how reasonably it can be found fault 
with. The country and air seem very agreeable 
to our bodies, and we have very good stomachs to 
our victuals. Here is plenty of provision, of fish 
and fowl and good venison, not dry, but full of 
gravy. And I do believe that this river of Dela- 


Ao Hut sud ab jou caramels 


eae ae) ye es ih a ' 
F mi id i ork tA 


ies ni par ab toi sri we ain: 
| srodilgisa oda to nois10q ono of sveg elliW ‘® 
“aorqgmedoWl “ovitsa anh to omen edt F 
“HW o gidenwor oils bik eeb-ot estat a ee 
allsoan “lewh voy to yoret) stew is) priate a i a ae 
yeeros old ai yoo “alo YY © villO Yo > dod if , 
"andl ‘ore isd? stod aed) oubid ody dguoday shard os 
noty ifs - mi o19dd ei vod xbiies bas jbowoqqeaib n 
“obi nol” mot vail & oY words ton eed deeds ysb-01" ae i. 
tisds of stiaw yors “au vod aemnat ao” ‘ogbind eae oe 
+ HOY 19% 4ort tornaa9 aw io1™ baalgnd rere “ebookit” i a i. 
° sotiazib 10m ovol ivo-donsup donane 21oteWi ce a me 
good Reh sonerd nocat qoob" ad? uo teow 
(8Ws +c) ef ovOrms1 OF beeralq! hood dio Brod we > 
ow os Joy ,ditee odd Yo ehere bedi Gr ae How mont vs 
"qo. : awe Sie eseidtexs wo’ | “Oe thriw:. eet: 
“oy to eonsidmamod: odi mi bovlowib oi einod — 

oO} sae maa ik baat sioch Fase 108 he eo | 


o101Ww eda oz i ake yrtawos. ‘lle bean ‘ 
Siti, Kean saa 


Be lug SO dedmeyvoVi to 1d ods ae whe 69 28 91 o. 
jlo bavol od. 189 di Sarangi hie in ‘ 0 : 


ore od aarti i yy mae ow bar’ es | 


dat to moizivorq to valg, ai 


| ais Yo tovit, ails i opiieohw ft 
15h ’ 


49 


ware is as good a river as most in the world.” . “I 
like the place well,” said another, three days after- 
ward; “it’s like to be a healthful place and very 
pleasant to live in.” A-.report having spread in 
England that the water and soil were bad, and 
danger to be feared from bears, wolves, rattlesnakes, 
and Indians—the first, but not the last time that 
Burlington has been slandered—six of the leading 
settlers indignantly deny its truth, declaring that 
“those that cannot be contented with such a coun- 
try and such land as this is are not worthy to come 
here.” “I affirm,” said one, “that these reports 
are not true, and fear they were spoke from a spirit 
of envy. It is a country that produceth all things 
for the support and sustenance of man. I have 
seen orchards laden with fruit to admiration; their 
very limbs torn to pieces with the weight, and 
most delicious to the taste and lovely to behold. 
I have seen an apple tree from a pippin kernel 
yield a barrel of curious cyder, and peaches in such 
plenty that some people took their carts a peach 
gathering. I could not but smile at the conceit 
of it. I have known this summer forty bushels 
of bold wheat from one bushel sown. We have 
from the time called May till Michaelmas great 
store of very good wild fruits—strawberries, cran- 
berries, and whortleberries, very wholesome. Of 
the cranberries, like cherries for color and big- 


ness, an excellent sauce is made for venison and 


A en a i NR a 


ee 


* Sz 
ENE ee RR mp RE ome AN ME ae nce She eee ~" 9 


“<Q emosstorly yoy. pinadal a1 


RT RR = ae RR SR 


SS oe 


= 


(a 


— 


BOSS na \ 
} Me hay Ps 
ee La | vA 


Dig -“bhow ods ait | : 
soite aysh cols ,podsona-biee 

th bas soslq fu iad 8 oo 
vt beo1qe: gaived. jogs. Bey ei 
bas bed. enw fioe bas 19982) er fobvigi 
_ es datizoisig1 zovlow aed moh peavey 
gale oon sast-arld Ion Jud derit oat a bas 
enibaal. odt to xie—boiobasle ased ead pose? a a 
retlt gaisel ab .dien, ai gah xbasngibat apliios 
-quos s doue diiw boineino96d do@aKd madd aise 

roo 01 Ydnew tom o1s et sidt am baal dope hase: 

enogor seeds tec aco bing “partie b* “oned 

iwi¢e & taotl — stow yor? 1s8t bas 207% ott oe 

-agnids Ihe disouborq ted) yuiegoo a ai 1 “eT 

syed I .nees Yo sonstovena bas nogque ‘ont haaie 

tisd) ;noiierienbs 01 tit daiw nobsl ebuerlore no9e 

bas gdgiow ordi daiwess9iq 09 sos edeail sy 

“blodsd 01 Yovel bas oient eat Ox auoizilab, Jac ie 
[seria aiqaiq & mont 9919 | alqqa 8 MISE 9 eel | 
dove ai eordtosoq bow, bys evolins to lovind a bloiy “i 
dossq s ad189 tied door sfqosq omnes sat i : a 
jisgnod, odd ae slice wd Jon ened li: i Bea 


‘nal si woe, rice) Ono aan pin tar 
inorg anenlosrtoiM fii ysl, bolkeo, eo ort. 
ihe T: aviviodwaite--esin tt, bliw- ‘beng: Tov. to o108 


«pid bar rolod not eairvsla odil,. sivieda 
bas noeinoy 0h fsbacit ab saci hanes 
a 


3° 


turkeys. Of these we have great plenty, and all 
sorts of fish and game. Indeed the country, take 
it as a wilderness, is a most brave country, and,” 
he adds, in words that you may make use of to the 
world yourselves to-day, “whatever envy or evil 
spies nay speak of it, I could wish you all here.’’* 
From the Indians these settlers experienced little: 
trouble. The Mantas, it is true, who dwelt hard 
by, had committed a murder at Matiniconk and 
plundered poor Jegou some years before the arrival 
of the Kent, but these were exceptional instances. 
The Leni Lenape were a peaceful race. Upright 
in person and straight of limb, their fierce coun- 
tenances of tawny reddish-brown belied a gentle 
nature. Grave even to sadness, courteous to stran- 
gers and respectful to the old, never in haste to_ 
speak, and of cool, deliberate temper, this myste- 
rious people easily forgave injury and never forgot 
kindness—more than repaying the benevolent hu- 
manity of the settlers of Burlington by a forbear- — 


_ing friendship that lived as long as they. At the 


- game time at which the savages of Virginia were 


punishing cold-blooded murder with passionate 
bloodshed, and scourging with fury every planta- 
tion from the Potomac to the James, and on the 
northern sky the light of blazing villages, from 
one end. of New England to the other, marked 


* Smith’s Hist. of N. J. contains these letters. 


a ‘PG my eae ‘ 
y 4? i Te ira ets 
me! i ; 


Me bas yasiq 19979 ovedss: 
oder .yruiavoo sds bosbal 
“bos yavo> sverd) 2 Rb 
ods. of Yo seu salem yea Boy 3 da ebs 
" 1Ooyvas tovotsdw yeb-or egavisa 
“*.srod fe voy detw blue 1 ato, ROG Y 
slisil bsonsitequs arbtaaoe seal a sibal od 
bred alowb odw: sort 2i di eanamls odT 
bas dnosinvaM t« tobiom a 01! 
laviris oct soled e1s0¥ otoe: u o% ‘ 100g 
agonsient Ienoliqaoxe ‘oT9W 920) a 
idgingU 9981 lilsossq & stew seed Tost eRe 7” 
~ituo> sotsh tisdy dail te peers bar arg th 
shineg 2 boiled aword-deibboy yarwss to. | 
=tigt2 01 atostiio? zearibse 03 fove SvaID 91078 mae. a 
ob stead ni t9ven ° blo oly on Igttoaqeot banneagt a 1 
~otayenr elds reqine), nidabitneay! — ~— pq é 8 
og ot rove base yinini ovegieh siqooq awoit 
-ud tnslovensd. ods gouiysqer ody c1oc-—eeomt 
~inadiol e yd nosgnild to snaltaes alt we siaeo 
oft 3A .yods e¢ gaol es bovilaady qidebudit gma = ae 
niow sinigtiV Yo asgevne oft sane te ervis etme: Be 
sistioizeng diiw wsbiset beboold-bie “gai ainug” ‘is 
-winelg yiove yuk daiw hiotpsaant om " i Sebo ee 
ony no bar asenel od? ov Serioiot ont | | 
mort .2ogalliv gaisald Yo: aie at x 
| Lsaieel crown heiaseade yislgndl wer 6 ba: 
 Ngni hgat Age) Dig von elas er anee aie 


tI 
the despairing vengeance of King Philip, the 


banks of Delaware smiled in unbroken peace, and 
their simple-hearted native, conscious of the fate 
that would speedily overtake his people—which 
no one foretold sooner or more touchingly than he 
—was saying inacouncil herein Burlington: “We 
are your brothers, and intend to live like brothers 
with you. We will have a broad path for you 
and us to walk in. If an Indian be asleep in this 
path, the Englishman shall pass him by and do 
him no harm; and if an Englishman be asleep in 
it, the Indian shall pass him by and say: ‘He is 
an Englishman—he is asleep—let him alone.’ 
The path shall be plain; there shall not be in it a 
stump to hurt the feet.’’* 

The soil fertile, the climate healthy, the situa- 
tion good, and the Indian friendly, the little 
settlement soon became a prosperous colony. 
Ships began to come with emigrants from differ- 
ent parts of England. The Willing Mind, from 
London, with sixty passengers; the “ Flieboat” 
Martha, from the older Burlington, with one hun- 


dred and fourteen; the Shield, from Hull, and 


* Smith’s Hist. of N. J., p. 100, and 136, note; Bancroft, vol. 
li. p. 102, ef seg.; Liem, p. 216. ‘When six of the hostile chief- 
tains presented themselves as messengers to treat of a reconciliation, 
in the blind fury of the moment they were murdered.’’ This was 
in 1675. The war in Virginia continued more than a year after- 
wards. King Philip’s ‘‘rebellion’’ broke out in June, 1675. He 
was killed in August, 1676. 


nt a te ee Nt i et i ap Nt ct tn a ca i sis alate 


| bas sirtesnds : 


| ma oogipeshi ah wanted libeo 
ed neds ylgnidenot STO Mt 10 19N008 re or0t 
ns nana ni sted lionwose nig [se BAW 
-ersiliond sdil svil of brosmi bas conden ia ot 


ob bas yd mid zenq Heda homdsilgnd orld, a 
‘nb qooles ad crondtignd ne Vibes jeden mid 
piv al onygne baw yd. nid wang Hede asibal arly” di 


oa Rib: oot ainergins: dviw onto on aggod: eqit i 
“not bail gnilli Ve oT baslge Yo es 78 | 0s 


ise ono > dive enone bic ody en Faia lt 


ati rei 


ft < mn eee e Ws. 


voy tot disqr bord & coved [is 
eiclt ni qooles od nsibal ne Yeni ahaa ot sii 


‘enola osid jo} qooles et od ~~ cacndeilyadt ine 
Mal Lod ton ade o1otl: pnislq) od Uede. diag: odT 
a MIR Wl goat oul nod ot eae 
~ Qi t42 ids edie: sf sreenifs st sline? fioe ak) ad 
sfraik odd ulbssint ceibal. ade bre ) Jboog noi 
Waoloo auorsqeo ng. i. oneood 02. 1n19 «0h Me 2 


“seodoil* add  siognaezenq uicie dob i, 


coum 


52 


several more beside. It is this last one of which 
the story is told that tacking too near the high 
shore called “‘Coaquannock,” her masts caught 
in an overhanging tree, and her passengers, un- 
conscious of the Philadelphia that was soon to be, 
were struck by the beauty of the site, and spoke 
of its fitness for a town.“ The forests were 
felled and farms sprang up in all directions. 
Ollive’s new mill,-on the “ Mill Creek” that runs 

into Rancocas, was quickly built. The trade with 
' Barbadoes was begun by Mahlon Stacy and others 
as early as the winter of 1679-80, whose “ketch 
of fifty tons” met with the good fortune their en- 
terprise deserved. By an Act of Assembly in the 
following year, “all vessels bound to the province” 
were “obliged to enter and clear at” its “chief 
town and head,” “the port of Burlington,” and at 
the same time two annual fairs were provided for 
in the market street, “for all sorts of cattle and 
_all manner of merchandise.”y+ But in the bustle 
of the growing town and the attractions of an 
opening trade, other things were not forgotten. 
The first act of the meeting was to provide for 
the collections of money once a month for ‘ye 
support of ye poor,” and the next to consider 
“selling of rum unto Indians,” and whether it 


* Watson’s Annals of Philadelphia, vol. 1. p. ro. 
+ Leaning and Spicer’s Laws of N. J., p. 4353; Hazard’s Annals 
a 


of Penna., vol. 1. p. 537. 


hs 


0 aHo tet 


4 1s ‘oot 


Wey 
jal at a at 
~ ; 


. Ba 
“90 


r Y ( se ¥ ry, ‘ «: 
> te} ; een re sere "2 : 
“af vide , & ti 7 as + si sy ge 5 


“ae 


fd 
ie 


int i oe 


F 


Uv Me 


od or mood enw tethr sifqisbs iat oid wwe et 


i a A i st % rt aan si ade & ay 4 } 5 é ney i i ' 2 ~- fu. fe ; arty 7 af y 
. Sys. ee ast2 fig 10 VIDE wm id 4 


a i 4 Dy 43 ¢ wt 4 De 4 d 3 . 
i ial ss Re ‘ 
; stow alaoior ell = nwot & tor” chi “eat 
s =, OONIIUO... sh. AL Gu. BABIga aia bas bs alts} | | 
; gaut isd? “sso TiN ody pnt ast wo: FovllO” 


4 a x ‘ rs 
¢ I ea 4 3 ny? he | J ° 2 an ny ¢ {'4 pry ey wrt Vey y {) * | 
: ioe CGIW GOR Oi twat (i AoTo Dp om WY ah oe 


i - ; 
bf A j : Bi, 
i y : : : 4 “ : Miss, oe #) iu a 
4 H s ~~“ : 4 hp are + ofr “yy ie oe ey 
4 ae a AD f ist f +e S| 2 4 f ( bis * eR 
a we 
5 mi 
Wi { . il ‘ 
ih y gong / ra 4 cy ! oe eee ot 7 
ng eae r) ia } hw hat ¥ . ic: StNed pea he 3 * 
“9 cA I ily 
2 Act , r re 
ee * y , mm ma ~ss 
i 207 8 cl ) 98f1QT94 
: ate seiiiie 
ey ; * i 
RS P 5 : » £F ; ey A te i * 
- ' f eo YoPwono 
% Go 
i > ” is f > € 
y , 4 : \eLete ? be on 
Mi Rit pa ¢ Bu 5 é - Atha ~ ee oe ee VW well ro a 
he > be i yee 
; d Doig t oe ee ee ty aeeenry « Faidh TF fh poe ef bi eo ra i 
f of ASEL GD i. hi bed a2" 9 KD t ihd ght mat & 2ITs v 


Oo TO PSDIvoT?' STS fret ieunas OW oy site. oth " 
7 ; i ‘ . ee 
it i) a0 eyo ey |b Ga 991e IIA Tia “ 

ss, 


) sl7#ug On7 AL ava ; 2801 Dn sadam id isotern 


2: a 
| aD i 3 i 1tOHIOKITIE i} baer > tty O) f ania. ont” 
r ~~ - io bi i 


noavogrot jon ‘stew e@enidy x90 obew ‘gninsqo- - 


EGA 


oY sbhivoig of 2kw yanivom sz Yo ie sari od 


a 
— 


ah 


Aap hey 


B 9200 Yanom TO 2 euoirasllos 


¢4 


oi1 bes gO oq ay to. ‘oq 


at ye ‘. 7 
Hise enmnib arf 0} ny roy , tog geilt 
101 A] lov iat 0 Henn 


—_") ou q at he to ewe 


53 


“be lawful att all for friends pfessing truth to be 
concerned in itt.” It has been said that the 
Quaker has never been the friend of education. 
These at least: are two honorable truths in the 
history of Burlington: That there, before 1690, 
William Bradford found work and welcome for his 


printing press ;* and her people—before William 


* My authority for this statement was the following: ‘‘At A yearly 
meetinge held at Burlington in west new Jersey the roth of the 7th 
month 1690: An Account beinge giuen heere that seuerall particular 
friends haue engaged themselues to raise A considerable sum of 
money for the encouragement of the printer to continue the press 
heere: it is Agreed that it bee recommend to each quarterly meet- 
inge belonging to this meetinge.”’? The Hon. John Wilham Wal- 
lace, who is an authority on these matters, and has given especial 
attention to the life of the printer Wm. Bradford (vide his valuable 
Address on the subject in New York in May, 1863), has called my 
attention to the following extract from the Salem Mo. Mtg. Minute 
Book No. 1: ‘‘whereas in the month Called nouember: 1689: A 
gratuity was giuen to William bradford printer that hee should con- 
tinue his press in philadelphia it being forty pound A yeare from 


9 


and After the date hereof for Seuen years;’’ and adds, ‘‘on 5th 
mo. 26th 1689 Bradford, being then in Philada., gave notice to 
Iriends of his purpose to go to ugland and got a bene decesstt 
accordingly. Now, by the above extract the meeting in 1689 gave 
(actually gave, it would seem) a gratuity to Bradford to ‘continue’ 
his press in Philadelphia for seven years from that time. We have 
in 1688 and also in 1693 books printed by him in Philadelphia. In 
1690 he established a paper mill on the Wissahickon. It would 
seem, therefore, that the word ‘here’ does not mean here in Bur- 
lington, but here in America, or hereabouts and within the juris- 
diction of the Quakers assembled at Burlington.’’ I agree with 


Mr. Wallace that ‘‘this, I fear, hardly makes out the case for our 


_dear old town of Burlington;’’ but I leave the passage in the text 


oy bay =o 


Se, NRO SE a eee a me IE Leen ne CE, 


Ss a ere Sei, Mee Steno singin mein eles grt mone 


=? 7 


per on sien: gale r 


» smolagoubs Yo boos ol: ie 
ot) al altuna slamoned: ows. om he 

“i 0091 orioted: stor? aed T i orgait 
gid rot sonoolew bas drow bavet fr 


“Bluoiing Inve tad stood tomy agtied inuos3h ok LoQd5, dsnoet as 


| pany ow’ ane inate wily mort idintnb: sesok. adi oF 


| 0) e697 A, baweg rok: gniod a widqiobslise. ab 


Swe ai ord casa, Jon, eo0b ‘gro yoru ols iad york: 
* alta ou) midis bon suodnorst il Aoirotnd, ad 3 
brn orga, 1, | Jens 


| Wo 20130, al yan elas : 


edt tecly Bb bina 2 


emg il li W ordted=—slqoaq: val bas * 2: ‘ a ; | 


x Ianey. Ath’ ‘aan swoltch ont eae desea miei id tah wit te: 
d3¢ sits Jo. dior adj yoete] won Jeawe mi sotgoilnutt ts bled agai | 


10, moe sidargbisaos A seiey of esisisemnod) bogegese ‘sited abit = 
vaong ott othe 007 dat sdantiyey DT 0 Imomaegeriogns ods 10 ysnomt & eee 
oor upponmip dongo7 husaunenay vad ui dart booth: eis parsed” 9 A 
“he? eet std oF, oft * spnitgour “dt of ‘gaigoolad ogal rv : 
inidoqeo wovig enc bas versiiadh-orsild aro psinert tise: ame Oflw emt fot 
ape aid vue) brolbert alt sea ail to Pal ot ot seine i iy 


7 


ic ae 


A ip@dr oadmeiion bslisD dition ‘ond at esorddw ra Oe Ac La, 
-noo bivode oot tai 19iniy Dootbard availliWl of couig so csinte 


dis no” «bbs bas " i zinay nue tot loots: sinh odd 
of Soon ovng , sbalid® ai odd gmisd frotbartl ae, ‘Hs 
Weel owed # dog bas Wanye 09 og oF sending: ‘eid ah 
5¥83 Q801 at giitoom od) 1pa11x9 ovods adh ed works gail 
‘guniinos* of broibarvd of ‘Vlwsurg & (mage: blvow i. ey 

svat a outit int mon any aver wi sidlobal at ~ 
ab bide totalia't i oni “yoh botuhy edtood t er 
Teli 31 On ai Agel VW ot 16 epcep at te 


sot dg: fi seared ik { : ; 


54 


Penn had ever set foot on American soil—com- 
memorated the fifth anniversary of their settle- 
ment by consecrating “to the use of the public 
schools” the broad acres of Matiniconk, and have 
kept them piously devoted to that purpose from 
that day to this.* 

How fortunate would it have been, my friends 
of Burlington, if the spirit had moved one of these 
early settlers to have given posterity a sketch of 
the daily life of the young colony. How delight- 
ful to have been able to see, as with the eye of a 
contemporary, the infant town. The forest of 
oak and sassafras, and birch and maple. encircling 
the island; the broad main street cut through the 
clearing, and but lately freed from stumps; the 
clap-board houses beginning to rise on every side; 
Samuel Jennings’, on the corner of Pearl Street, 
the new Governor, ‘‘a man of both spiritual and 
worldly wisdom, a suppressor of vice and an en- 
ccourager of virtue;’’+ and Thomas Gardiner’s next, 
where the meetings are held till the new place of 
worship can be built. It is at one of these, per- 
haps, that the Labadists dine in 1679, on their way 
to Tinicum and Upland. ‘The Quakers,” they 
| to stand as spoken, with this correction in a note. The town was 
not, in all probability, the scene of Bradford’s labors, as I thought 
at the time I said so, but the townsfolk are entitled to the credit 
_ which I claimed for them just the same. 


* Act of Assembly, Sept. 28th, 1682. 
+ Robert Proud, quoted by Bowden in his History of Friends. 


be woul he 28 arodal soho te Leipeneir 


| aie neoiromA m0 “ . Hes @ 19 rot act 
nee seule Yo bid ne viros iit oth: bom 


toi eo ied ot Soran b ewig, mods aq: 
| | Raid. on yy a 
shania yon food pin 1 blaein stp ert 
_e2a¢l? Yo ono bovorn bed sitige ony Yi corgnifwll ’ Yo 
| to doteda s wireizoq nevig oved-or aolnes vite 
-ilgilobb woH .ynoloa gauoy oii to sit lish odd ie 
& Yo sya ods dsiw ex 992 09 side maod overk of dat = a. ae 
lo tent adT?  inwos taslaiisde AeeIOgenstIa9 | ee } 
gnilotions.siqem bas dowd bas 2attecess bas dao Be: 
nore dguoid? tuo iootte nism Bsord. odd ; :basler oda = = 
ott peqraute mont boot ylerml wd Bos gainala.. | 
bie Yievo NO 922 oO} gainniged esevod bised-qalo ‘i, om - 
glee” lis9U to r9mt02 edi ao cegnians| Toumed uae 
bas: leujinige sod lo.msm £”%, on1v00 wea 42 paratig 
-no di bis oviv: to 1ogotqqua e mobsiw Ublow: sae Sea 
xan eenibisd asmod'T bar f"yeuntiv to 9gsiu09 We 7. ; 
‘Yo sonlq won, ods Ilis biod oxs agnijoor: on suadw mae c | 
~ioq oeodd to saoeteal a1» alind od ana qi lziow 
yew tied? no Aydt Hi ottib ataibedad ody sadly ma a — 
yor “ evdsuO ae ©. -bastqU bas ik ae 


ane nwot stl .sxod ® ab \sottagtion edd dhhiw peers 


li ne 


ey, ‘bebo oa ‘oh mde as a cia a ey | 
ithe gi esha 49 ms atl ni 
abate 0 fener’ aid al itr ie ip 


>) 


write, “are a very worldly people. On the win- 
dow we found a copy of Virgil, as if it had been 
a common hand-book, and Helmont’s book on 
medicine!” How pleasant, too, to walk in ima 


§1- 
nation along the bank of the newly-surveyed river 
lots and admire the good ship Shield, as she lies 
in the stream, moored by a long rope to a leaning 
buttonwood* that stands by the water’s edge, or 
watch yonder canoe as it comes swiftly across the 
river laden with the fat carcass of a noble buck. 
The village is full of cheery noise, the constant 
sound of the hammer and the saw, and every now 
and then a crash like distant thunder tells of the 
falling of some giant tree. Now, perhaps, a horn 
blown from Thomas Gardiner’s calls the town 
meeting together, to appoint ten men to help lay 
out ‘the town’s siare of a road through the wilder- 
ness to Salem, or four of the proprietors to get to 
work to drain the ‘meadows, or solemnly resolve 
“that the townfoik meet at five o’clock the next 
morning to go and clear the brush upon the 
island.” It may be market day, and here are 
Indians with venison and turkeys and plenty of 
wild fruit for sale; or, yonder on a stump, Ollive, 
the magistrate, holds his rustic court, and, while 
his neighbors stand reverently by, dispenses im- 

* Tradition says sasha is the gigantic tree in front of Gov. 


Franklin’s house (now torn down) about which the ‘witches used 
to dance.”’ 


a eae RH ORE el 


cniw od7 90 ay 1 


odd george ylitiwe egehtoo: Ta 20 wath 


‘widg to ‘atlas vobagds ive ase Hesio 5 m9 ¢ 
atod # aqailieg wwoll. fi i 
wor odd elisa. caaiall 


” e 19% oT eroIoFGoTg sda Yo wel a 


ode ‘nogih dewid sls! | 


Sel Peseta ho A eat fe! ven eS 


. Drei anda ol} toidw mods ( 


read bad ti Ti a, GOS 
no Adod éseionnlll eer ‘ Au od 
-igneni at dle ot 00) saaeiol@' 


“jovi boyovnus-(lrod 9110 and ody gba 
| aout ore 2n wbloide qide boog. oda 1 . | } ) 
| gaiasol #'02 aqor gnol fe we tints el 


yo ybs2'totaw offt yd abaste aad feo waosMs 


doud sidea « To sense sah" adly dt 
ynewnod ody seien yiosds Yo Hut ei ogsiivon 
wort yove bin: wee oct bor. ort read ott Yo: heey 


vel qlod o%, nec noi tioggs « or odregos ‘gaitsse 
~¥abl iw dt dguords bso 9 ‘to : ie ‘ga'nwos 9 U0. 


sviéagt ylacielee 10: awobaait: ott ninth, on ah ov ie aa 
txon odd doolsto ova: ‘$e re apa dts od ees 
sw sted bas: yeb!a9dinot inthe a Bi ’ trialed fay 
to waolg baw ayodiws baw: noeiney dsiw eanibe 
villO qin #10 sobnoy 10 yolea rot tiuit bliv 
olidw ybas 710d) sisens aid eble | ." 


08d) yo. aah oF oat stietegha| ad a sas » : 


si a A ‘a afl teen al 


56 


partial justice. The: Sabbath morning comes to 


begin the busy week, and the little town is still. 
The hammer and the saw are laid aside, and the 
axe rests undisturbed against the tree. All is so 
quiet that the rustling of the dead leaves can be 
heard as they fall through the frosty air, and the 
cawing of the crows as they rise from their roost 
in the distant pines. No sentinel, with leathern 
doublet, his matchlock resting in the hollow of 
his arm, stands guard by yonder house, or watches 
with suspicious eye, his hand upon his cutlass, the 
curious savage who walks unbidden to the door. 
Within is gathered a little company, seated in 
solemn silence or listening with rapt attention as 
one of their number, with rude but reverent man- 
ner, and perhaps unlettered speech, talks of the 
Inner Light and of the goodness of Him who 
placed them in the wilderness and protects them 
there. 

A simple anecdote recorded by a descendant, 
and, until now, forgotten for a century, is worthy 
of remembrance:* “Tradition delivers,” he says, 
“that when Thomas Ollive acted in the quadruple 
character of governor, preacher, tanner, and mil- 


ler, a customer asked, ‘Well, Thomas, when can 


* My friend Brinton Coxe, Esq., to whom Iam under many obli- 
gations for kind and intelligent assistance in gathering materials, 
has given me this, which he found in a MS. note written by R. 


Smith in 1796 on page 573 of his copy of Leamirg and Spicer. 


RR A tN Rt A a I A tl eh ii nin 


[; ai A i wont as reninger & bs 1 ne 

od mao #9 veal bsob oddly to goiter dvd 
ont bas ais peor eds: dguords that wn 
-t2001 tied? coon sett yous 28 wor silt we Oe 
“merdisal, thiw lonizase of! eon: janie on Ms be 
30.’ itotlod ort tiv givisaoy Aooldoisen ated _ oar 
rodotew 10: seo pervaihis yd bravg ebalnse 18 eid | 
‘gala eesliad 2id ogy bred? eid oye euotsigaua. si 
00h. ody of ob biddu aalliow! ode ognvne audits: a q 
ii botese Laageros ofsril! gy bonoding: Fa arth Aa 
Or ‘Inod9e MRT diiy W ‘oninatell tO oonalie actistog | 
“isin tastove. jod chon dtiw: (rederuct ti9ds to 200° a 
oda to ‘ealhes dloesqe boretefan aqatlieg: bas oa * 
odw mil Yo ezsaboog ody to bas tayit anal sie 
. paw aigato - bas dba sod ni bist 199 By ae ‘ 
‘baea ovat Oe a 
Priv lls t ne bebe 10997") eer ‘lq “A ee te 
idirow. ei yamine. a 30% nissiogiol wor fi av baz 
aye ad “novilob aobiba'Tl™ *e:0ndasasy te - 
olqus absup otltat beter ovillO want ji roel 

, Saal bre, valine ee ¢ we ri 


i ae. ee : ees | ae ee a Se ee is : 
ee Te erie 7s eae eee eR Se = JOP = - , : 
PEER RR Se OOS a ILE te lt * 7 Re cpr 5 eae = 
: See oe = 


3 


iio monet ‘Soba ns 1 uli oF “ pe pe 
_ elneasaee giiroiliog, an mottenteizen 1 | 

ae ee nonin tion Bhar ini-cbanwo 9 
- steig? baw yrimant Yo yqoo eid? 


SF 


my corn be ground?’ ‘I shall be at the Assembly 
next Third-day,’ replied the good man, ‘and I 


be) 


will bring it for thee behind me on my horse.’ 


Such were your governors in those early days! 


O rara temporum simplicitas! 


What wonder then that the seed planted by 


those hands took root and brought forth fruit an 
hundred fold! What wonder that the strong right 
arm of men like this conquered the forest and 
made the wilderness to bloom! What wonder 
that as this godly people looked back to those 
days beyond the stormy sea their hearts were 
stirred within them and they cried: “Blessed be 
the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob that 
has called us not hither in vain!” “He was with 
us and is with us; yea, he hath made our way 
for us and proved and confirmed to us his word 


and providence!” ‘The desert sounds; the 


wilderness rejoices, a visitation outwardly and 
inwardly is come to America; God is Lord of all 
the earth and at the setting of the sun will his 
name be famous.’ | 

My countrymen: Since those words were spoken 
and this town was built two hundred years have 
come and gone. The seed that could blossom in 
the dense thickets of New Jersey and find a root 
among the rocks of Plymouth has planted a con- 


e y] 
* Letter of Wm. Penn and others, 1st month, 1683. Vide Bow- 
den’s Hist. of F ietds, vol. i. p. 20. 
4 


| “a cede han tla sada nodlt r9ba0 OW 3 
re dint dot, idguoid bas 300% aoot ebanr 
adgin grove sda tect robaow dW icy 19 | : 
| bas teo10t old boraupaoo aida | oalil gee ome | 
at ohrrow. tad W > lmoold O81) monisbliw. odd. baa L ee 
9201 ly, 08 osd beatool olqooq ylbog. ‘aida eR a ie ui 


ed boaslh™ :beixo yods bee aods iddsiw bovis an 


vWew 200. obern disd od,.eoy ,eu diiw i bag 


aga. .pabauga,.aroaab...o ATM ge 1 hie al Si 
bers wlbiswage Hofetaty . eariojg7 ‘eeaurgbl eee 
fle to biol. ab bop, PeohomA | 0) omoo ei ylbaswai 


gait, 19 viliiee winds s2ni2 ; comynauos YM 
caved aisoy boibaud ows. lind ae wor aid 
K an eed blue i boa a iT ..en0g bas 


“leaibiigane reiyoe te oom xen € 


crow. atiacd ried? soa, yemede..od? baoyed | 


e713 dossl to bas anid to yriediard A to ‘bod. ods 
diiw ew oH” “laisy ni vrsdid, jon ef, balla and 


; 


baow aid au 02 bemitnoo. bas bevorq Gat ao. aot 


aid Ui w nue oda 40, gnisage, oda 1, bag y1A9. 91 


58 


tinent with liberty and law. The light that glim- 
mered on the Delaware and lit the cold waves of 
Boston Bay, was but the dawn of that advancing 
age whose morning beams now shine with impar- 
tial splendor upon all mankind. Your fathers’ 
prayers are granted, and their prophecy fulfilled ! 
Here on the threshold of your history I needs 
must stop. My task is finished, and my duty 
done. How could I hope to tell the story of two 
centuries? How dear old St. Mary’s Church was 
founded in Queen Anne’s reign. How in colonial 
days great men as Governors lived in Burlington; 
how Council and Assembly met in the now van- 
ished court-house, before whose door one day 
George Whitefield preached; how, in a darker 
time, the Hessians camped in a meadow beyond 
Yorkshire Bridge; how the Whigs knocked one 
night at Margaret Morris’s door, and the Tory 
parson hid trembling in the “auger hole;” how 
patriotic gondolas bombarded Burlington, and 
managed to hit a house at Broad and York Streets; 
how, in the following year, the British in their 
turn opened the cannonade, and after an hour’s 
fire knocked a hole in Adam Shepherd’s stable 
near the wharf; how things were quiet for a little 
while till Light-Horse Harry Lee came thunder- 


“ 


ing in.* 


* James Craft’s Journal, Penna. Hist. Mag., vol. i. p. 300: ‘6th 
mo. 16th, 1770, Geo. Whitefield, the Great Calvanistic Preacher, 
preacht before the Court House. Great Audience. Deal of humor. 


| alli’ al whale oe eer a8 qnsdit datws 
to govan bloo ody ait bas rece nes o be" 
: galsanvbs rgtl Yo. aweb: ott ‘yod caw ysl M09 
~reqecti diiw snide woa aetiked gaimont : o20rl wag 
*siodiet 0 Y bailasm fe noqu” iobrval: , 8 ee 
Pbotiaiut y: sad qorq, tiods, bas beinerg” om 1945"q a | 
ebson | emerge 10% “to blodeosids ott no we eae 
yb yer | bodaind et aes Mv om —s a 
owl to yro%R. bay (52 or sqod I bined wo fob 8 
enw dowd. ) ays 32 blo qkob woH ‘Tiebibiadl amt 
- teinolo ai woH .ayisr v‘sadA nso ni bobauot’ 
| ,noTE geile ae bevil eon 1vOD ae nocd InoTy eb 
-agv won St ot ise vidmosaA bag lisa wod 
- ‘sno web seorlv ‘sidted arodl-1103 bodet 
tieb s ni cwod ;: bodanotg bloferid W ‘gael 
nein od wobsoat's 1 baqmes aneizesT od amis mid: a 
arto bylsond egid W ody wod pogbind siidedioY © ; 
oT: only’ bus ooh @ z ‘ait ML amnegieM 48" alee 4 
| wor ™, olor. rogue” ody fi gaildmon bid ‘mOeTRE am ie 
how 003 gailod - bobindarod ” ‘eelobnog ito! 18 
yesgod af iro ¥ bar beord tg oanod & ogeism 
risdd ai deisin€l orld is9y _gniwollot dint pour ie 
7) ‘od as totic bar absnonnsd odd onoqo aut 
sldit ebisdgsde mebA” ni ston i be: 
olziit & sot Jainp S19 egaiddy wod 


“baud one fig ese onottly ere 


en) 


= i 
eal fi af 


ot: 1008 ts 3 fov eget a 
| enn: sinlaertiee ute ott 


Fm SRE AEE 
Ababa Ca Ra ESE 


east 
soos Oe, 


PE 


OFAC R ONY TLE TRAE NS OE UE Ry 8 Rees 85> ot 
Pee RRL RS, Pa SRL ONIN, BOSE SANT arto ie eT Sa 


+ 
i 
. 
is 
in 
tg 
a 
ce 
oe 


59 


And what can I hope to say, in the last mo- 
ments of so long a speech, of the inhabitants of 
a city whose life has not been more peaceful than 
ber sons illustrious. From the beginning to the 
end, in times of the Colony, the Province, and 
State, it has always been the same. Here were 
the famous printers, Bradford the pioneer, and 
Isaac Collins, who published the first Jersey news- 
paper.* Here dwelt Judge Daniel Coxe, who 
planned a union for the Colonies full thirty years 
ere Franklin thought of it, and half a century 
before the Revolution. Here came Elias Boudi- 


not, the President of Congress, to pass the evening 


12th mo. 11th, 1776, sad work this day. The Hessians came. 
Town fired on by gondolas. Nobody hurt, altho’ large and small 
shot was fired plenty and in all directions. 5th mo. roth, 1778. 
British came back (from Bordentown) and O what a whipping our 
poor town got, tho’ through blessing nobody hurt. Bullets and 
every kind of shot showered down upon us for hours. rath mo. 


“16th, 1778, Lee’s troop of horse at Burlington.’’ For an amusing 


account of Dr. Odell’s adventure in the hidden chamber called the 
‘‘Auger hole,’’ see Dr. Hills’ excellent Hist. of the Church in Bur- 
lington, p. 321. Vide Barber and Howe's Hist. Col., pp. 94, 95. 

* Of Bradford I have spoken in an earlier note. Isaac Collins 
was a man of great prominence in the Colony. He was appointed 
Colonial printer in 1770, and issued the first number of the New 
Jersey Gazette on December sth, 1777. 

7 In the preface to his ‘‘ Description of Carolana, &c. &c.,’’ pub- 
lished in London in 1722. He was the son of Daniel Coxe, of 
London, the Proprietary Governor, and was a Judge of the Supreme 
Court. The Coxe family was long prominent in the history of 
Burlington and West Jersey. 


| 


ite “r , to Serge ait a ate adh aa tt : 


som ada shit ni deine oqod I 
Fo stactided ai ot Jo ,doseqe & gac 
getty Iuterseq stom. nosed: janet mil os 
ont ot gainnigod ody mort. il 
bas sonivord ods yuooloD oat Jour 
sow s19H .ornsz ont 99d: pane | 
bas iosnoiq od! biolberd. ermaning a ‘et 
-<ewon yoers|, deitt ods bodailduq oilw miidhs pee 
odw oxoD: loins -egbul) téwb- ow | Paamgeg ae 
wen ay ytd lish 2sinoloD sda 10) noiguyR, cboansiq 
f yivines # ted bas 3 ‘to ‘idguoda niltastL oa. 
‘hwo sel comes oH” “}aoitulovesl edt oroted 
eats aula Bene 02 7 do snobizarl ods you 


oa 


oreo ennizea oft enn és pone bee rhe 2 ee “oun pee 
Hiarae bas ayia! ‘orile srud ybodoll _aslobaog, ¢d, 10 bet roy 
“Sper dior ort ilsg 2conosiib- (is ‘ni ‘bas aasig. tot én souls z 
| aie. Bang iqielw ated O bas (aworishiom mond, towed ‘sennte zanna Sey 
» bas etolivd tod yboden guizesid sguorwls. ods 08) AOL 0 
com diet \ewor Na au soqu awob baroworle toda to 
guiaums os 10% " sotgaitntl 16 onod Ao qoon e ‘gal ae J 
ait trolling tadenmde mabbid oft ict ounitevbs éabO + We tal 


ww pi dard) ott Ye sai instlooxec ali 5G. oa: Mg ' - sh % a | Ps. 
20 he Ap ,loD sei 2'owoll bog 19dis ey norge 
— aptilloD oxsel  .son rilins ne fb agdloge svar f oe . + 2 


boinioggn ow oft sated ofl) ti oonaalmong } 913 
wh bid wo vodieton tlh erly hovel baw over | STi 
} POV mS og AG odmo296L me, 201: 
“duty ", oa ah ssoators to. going roel 
Yo. oD foie 1o toe ons enw oH 
senoaque ‘orl to agbul & ew bas {TORTS 


bps 6 aie il ws nee 


‘ola slot € 


60 


of his well-spent life; and in the spacious garden 
of his house some of you may have seen his 
daughter and her friend, those venerable women 
‘who had borne the names of William Bradford - 
and Alexander Hamilton.* Here, on a Saturday 
morning, weary with walking “more than fifty 
miles,” clad “in a working dress,” his “pockets 
stuffed out with shirts and stockings,” a boy of 
seventeen came trudging into town. Nobody 
noticed him, except to smile perhaps, save an old 
woman who talked to him kindly and sold him 
gingerbread. Years afterward he came again to 
‘print the money of the Province and become the 
friend of all the great men who dwelt in Burling- 
ton, for by that time the world had begun to hear 
of Benjamin Franklin.; Two other boys belong 
to Burlington. Born side by side, beneath adjoin- 
ing roofs, close to this spot where you are gathered 
now, both became sailors; but of different desti- 
nies. The elder, after a brief but brilliant life, 


* Elias Boudinot was President of Congress in 1782, and Director 
of the Mint under Gen. Washington’s administration. He was the 
first President, and in conjunction with his friend and kinsman 
Mr. Wallace, the originator of the American Bible Society. His 
daughter and only child married the Hon. William Bradford, 
Attorney-General in Washington’s cabinet. Alexander Hamilton 
had been a friend in the family of Mr. Boudinot in his boyhood, 
and the colleague of his son-in-law in the cabinet. The friendship 
between the widows of those two remarkable men, both so untimely 
cut off in their prime, continued to the end of their long lives. 

{ Bigelow’s Franklin’s Autobiography, pp. 110 and 163. 


b,! © .. ys, pe ie ; ae eee 
a aid 1999" 9 wee ad yar 


nome we ole insted s2ondy basil 


5 ads 4 - 


‘29 erent 


= 
wt. 


Ne a e Wf e ie ei 
i HenT Sto QOiAlow CSTW” v 1a git loft 
« : : % ‘J a oa ail i cy 
, Be ss “fh ‘ge vy oe M si “4 s f “ } i af SV UT m; “y a a at li od 
t De et Ok lS | eh ot ioe DD i B- PLE ee Tas ¥ by ih} BE? ae i ot i 
y ‘ . : Yd ; 


, “to yod 's ‘“eunisoote be etuae sists IO ‘bstlom + Selly 


nal a 
vs * ’ ite ’ 
Vv ov 5 HIMe baw SIs nissiasvae 
te. ~ Snell 
. , ¥ fa . Bt ; r y 4 ; ie 7 a Mat ¢ 
MO TR IVES QQRATSG SIME OF TSI ot ron hovit on 
— " . . x » or he ? 
i Lil | ie ViDEH bsais? odw ARCOW 
R ay 
: t Be be kus 
; Vi hi : 16 SiaD f bsoidis gate j 
g c 
f «i 4 i , if ‘ as a - hi 
& I ! a tril Pia | te fC 4 DT TET 
ey, ¥ o 4 = t. . 
-ontliwi at 1 » orl 1 hoe s to baeitt 
4 4 » } a * r + % ¥" D 
1 ; \ 4 ; KF tial bLas | Of oF 
. Pe -. aealy Pe. PEN 
y J " 4 r, j nf 4h 8 1 p. badd Sd as to), 
4 . y 
. ie wp een Ag eee. ee i a 
os a “4 { { : its 5a if? a ott y U4 rit ne or 
.'s reece yo » : oe - 
boisdisy ots voy s1odw Joq2 eiifi or [> Aor gai” 
4 “1290 T0HFIQTID IO JUG setoOLlIke 9 tts od od iod Hat 
ft “a f i F Yl CR of IPE - 
reeken OBA JQ iorid ISvig gwobis 9 
rir, 


Le) 


§. _ rood bas S8ya ai eergao) io Jaabies nts enw tonibuod., oil * i a r 
; od aon 3H “ahaha uciba 2‘ cotamilas aM ow sebru mi adi | 
Bi basint eid daw aoitoaniags fal bag. aashieord. fe . 
il neoiveatA elt lo solnnig gine sd? aehleW aM 
H .mwoH ocd boirancr bf ico ¥lae, bas vals guaks 
rilA enideo anotgnides VW tt Ia vansDyomion 

tonihaotl «Mo ylie HA od) tt fii Dusit waned ‘ ' 
3 aoaidsa ods. ni tal (tie, dit Yo sugasttoa | 
eo Lg iliod 4hoent oldia eur I ot OW) seodd Yo 


Avie 


et evil gitol uaa) to bas oily o} 1 bouiniiwon, «96 
abe bind Onk a engalonel 


i hy ily ie abhi ‘ ; 
q i d a 


61 


fell in disastrous battle on the deck with the im- 
mortal cry upon his lips of “Don’t give up the 
ship!” ‘The younger lived to a green and vigorous 
old age, to make those Jersey names of Fenimore 
and Cooper famous forever in American litera- 
ture!* Count this array of native or adopted 
citizens: Ellis and Stockton and Dutton and Ster- 
ling and Woolman and the mysterious Tyler ; 
Franklin, the Tory governor, and Temple, his 
accomplished son; Samuel Smith, the historian, 
and Samuel J. Smith, the poet; William Coxe, 
the pomologist, and John Griscom, the friend of 
learning; Shippen and Cole in medicine, and 
Dean and the Gummeres in education; Bloom- 
field and McIlvaine and Wall in politics, and at 
the bar, Griffith, Wallace, Reed, two generations 
of the MclIlvaines and four of the name of Kin- 
sey, and those great masters of the law, Charles 


Chauncey and Horace Binney.t Read the long 


_ * James Fenimore Cooper in a published letter dated 1844 said: 
‘‘T was born in the last house but one of the main street of Bur- 
_ lington as one goes into the country. There are two houses of 
brick stuccoed, built together, the one having five windows in front 
and the other four, the first being the last house in the street. In 
this house dwelt Mr. Lawrence, my old commander, Captain Law- 
rence’s father, and in the four-window house my father.’ 

+ Charles Ellis, Samuel Stockton, and Thomas Dutton were pro- 
minent citizens in Burlington half a century ago; the latter in con- 
nection with John Griscom, LL.D., W. R. Allen, and Thomas 
Milnor, was active in founding the Public Schools, and the names 


of all of them are honorably borne in Burlington to-day. James 


ei vee shri doob a ods oocatied 
osis qe avig sno” o agil eid qu yTo at 
euoiogiv bas 19913 8 03 bavi 19 : r phe T “qide 
gromine’l to ema yoarol seod3 ei ati oH 
aeiogl nsginveniA ai tevetol edomint, yoo? y bin ate te 
beiqabs 10 .sviisn to. yen. aida ia0D, > Mawel Be. | 
w1e1@ bas nomud bas nordaoIe, baw aia engsiaia- = : | 
ra wlyT suoiroiayen od bas seralooW sine _ 
eg a pire, Mein {M08 bebe one 
pani anit’. s790K eda dsien® L bovtase bas icnae oe 
to boon ott nozetv) nol. bes srigolomog pd” | 
ni pea eein a ala? bag pogqid2 ; gets Pay 
~moold  noimaube ni eoTomenwe ont baw, Proce ee 
. bne oitiloq ai HsW bas edinviloM tne blot 
eqoitmiens3, ows ~ba9 A joosllayy hho isd: ods | 
i apr to oragn ols to mol bag aacriaviloMl: ody, Jo 
zohed2 wal oda Yo asses I897g seods, bas. a 
| wi oct ‘bso peonulfl, somo bas, oma 


- hike e pei hath sto! badeitdng & a ysqoo") nomiast ae 
wil io t999% clan oft lo ono tod settod tent orld ai Pte 
ta anes od owl om onadT UAHOD. ‘ot ox, ‘203, ‘900 28 na 
| snow ni awobniw ova grivad a0 ont v sHovot tind ¢ 90 ae Ne 
nl .ss90%e ait oi seuod tan{ od gael seit ald aval x3di9 2 
MG 048 pg, rebasmeres blo qn 77K 2 Wiel. Pia ae 
_™ qodast yan senor wohynive- 20) odd cr 
ie 24, sia qortut, acto E bas tortor | — 
“nos ai round odd i Rs pina lo 
use hos grail we Fas 


+e ee 


62 


list of teachers of religion; I name the dead alone 


—Grellet and Cox and Hoskins and Mott and 


Sterling was a famous merchant—his store at the corner of Broad 
and Main Streets was known from Sussex to Cape May. James 
Hunter Sterling is remembered as the benefactor of the Library to 
whom we owe the handsome building. Richard Tyler was an accom- 
plished Englishman of wealth and evidently of rank, who settled 
in Burlington early in this century. There was some mystery about 
his life which has never been solved. It has been conjectured that 
he was a relative of Warren Hastings. John Woolman, the famous 
Quaker preacher, was a Burlington County man, and the name has 
existed there for the past two centuries; the late Burr Woolman 
and his son Franklin Woolman, Esq., have both been Surveyor- 
Generals of West Jersey. Governor Wm. Franklin lived in the 
large house on the bank afterward occupied by Charles Chauncey 
as a summer residence, and torn down in 1873. His son, Temple, 
lived in elegant retirement with his books, and died at Franklin 
Park on the Rancocas, about six miles out of town. Samuel Smith, 
the historian, was long Treasurer of the Province. A notice of 
him has recently appeared as a preface to a second edition of his 
history, published in 1877, and an interesting paper on the subject 
of Samuel J. Smith and his writings can be found at page 39 of 


‘vol. ix. of the Proceedings of the N. J. Hist. Soc. Both are by 


John Jay Smith, Esq. Dr. Wm. Coxe was quite famous as a po- 


_mologist about the beginning of this century, and Griscom’s Travels 


was a noted and much read book. Dr. Edward Shippen lived 


“many years in the house occupied for nearly fifty by the late Joseph 


Askew in Ellis Street at the end of Broad. Dr. Nathaniel W. Cole 
was an excellent citizen and a physician of great skill and expe- 
rience. James Dean, LL.D., Prof. of Mathematics in Vermont 
University; John Gummere, the author of works on Astronomy, 
Surveying, &c., and Samuel R. Gummere, of others on Oratory, 
Geography,,&c., are honored names in the history of Education. 
‘<Gummere’s schools’? had a famous reputation forty years ago. 
Joseph Bloomfield, a soldier of the Revolution and long Governor 
of the State, lived in the large house on Main Street known by his 


pou a Webi ott id Stoll ah tt | 
even eb see) ied! Keene soon we 
of (ra1dit old to porymivesd add em bored be 
-itaone onenw toly'T bredota -goibliud amoebaad od 9w0 2m 
belie ow last lo ylieshive bore dilnow to namndiigadl § 
Mrods yore ye Soe aaw srl T -acinin eit a ying l ye oY 
tac howiasineo goed ext th avis ngod woven ened doidw psi) zs a 
aus oxi eenilooW tilul eadiieedt as to oviselar sowed — 
wed aerici oil ban fiery eau0%) sorgettut & enw staddaonq rods 
namlonl rail inl ‘sey peshwines ows tang ort 10¥ oroilt bevixa 
“rayorine ood Mod oved pal sanlooW, nildesvd aoa aid, bas 
ort. ai bovil aida. VE tommvoe* sere: oat i Yo: it Ps 
ysonusdS eslisdt’) yd bsiquo20 binwisite Anad off no seod cog 
algmeT coe 2 i721 of ewob mot bas sonsbieor torrie & ee ae 
ditions Tt 4a beib bes jwlood eid ditw iomsotiion nagels i pavil - 
Mime isms lowed lo ino eolinxie juanchy yespoonust eld oO Het 
10 solion A wonivesd ony io yoruener LT gnol. enw sisirosend oat. 
zid lo aohibe baoose # of souilng B es bersoqqa Winsor aed me 
sidue odd na Toqne ginit s1otal ne. bie PTST Hi boreildig une roid ‘ 
© oy ogaq Ja. banol od ies egaitinw eit baw dsten! a peo a 
7 ns $10 io gee tei de a) agaibsscorL onl jo ah fem Lr 
“Od 2 2k atoms) stip enw 2x0) anW ad ped Mime pedo 
dovnrl emo bas euninas abslt Le gainnigod oft oda 
bovil Meeps cide bisw ha. ood baer stosert bas: botod nas a 
— depaol, stat odi yd (lA yiisen a0), beiquase seve od! wien mend <i 
. 02 .'W Ielneatad 20, treo to bra ofl tn 39002 allldh ni wos | 
-oqze bus slide 19973 lo nsisiagdg 6 ban cissitio moltgoxs an enw 
jnomio¥ ai evitemodiglh. to Jord, ..dalk seo aor Rr ae 
‘mono ro, ada@w, lo todns ont soma. adol vei 


‘ePOIRIO Ao eisilio 10. saroemenui) A boweane bane OB om 
vay scp by Bivins iia m aman ; wr oe 


63 


Dillwyn among Friends, and in the Church Tal- 
bot, the missionary, the witty Odell, the venerable 


name. Joseph McIlvaine was United States Senator in 1820, Gar- 
ret D. Wall in 1834, and his son James W. Wall in 1860. Win. 
Griffith was a most accomplished lawyer and stood at the head of 
the bar. He was one of John Adams’ ‘‘ Midnight Judges ;’’ Joshua 
Maddox Wallace, also at one time Judge of the Pleas of Burlington 
Co., was a very distinguished man, the co-worker of Mr. Boudinot 
in the Bible Society. He was the father of another well-known 
lawyer, John B. Wallace, and the grandfather of two others whose 
names are prominent in American legal literature—John William 
Wallace, lately the Reporter of the U. S. Supreme Court, and 
Horace Binney Wallace. Bowes Reed was a brother of General 
Joseph Reed, Washington’s Aid-de-Camp. Joseph Mcllvaine, the 
Senator, was also distinguished at the Bar and the father of Bloom- 
field McIlvaine, whose early death alone prevented his taking the 
front rank in the profession. The Kinsey family has been remark- 
able in the law. John Kinsey, the son of the first comer, was noted 
in provincial history as a leader of the profession; John Kinsey, 
his son, was Chief Justice of Pennsylvania and died in 1750; James 
Kinsey, his grandson, was Chief Justice of New Jersey, and the 
late Charles Kinsey, his great-grandson, was an eminent and learned 
lawyer. Mr. Chauncey and Mr. Binney lived for many summers 
side by side on the bank, the latter at the corner of Wood Street, 
in the house owned by the late Edward B. Grubb. 

There are many other names which one might speak of and 
which ought to be remembered; Samuel Emlen, Elihu Chauncey, 
who lived where the College stands to-day, Charles Read, Judge 
of Admiralty before the Revolution, and Andrew Allen the grand- 
son of Chief Justice Allen, ‘‘a most accomplished man,’’ at one 
time British Consul at Boston, but after 1812 a resident of Burling- 
ton, in the house where St. Mary’s Hall was afterwards erected, 
were all men whose names ought not to be forgotten. Barbaroux 
and Benoist were Frenchmen of family and fortune who settled in 
Burlington after the troubles in San Domingo. Both of these fam- 
ilies lived on the bank. John Michael Hanckel was the Principal 


\ 


ae? lion’ stab bade 


f it are iis to acslt 7 to m0 seit 21 te on povtitge 


“edi otisvifolt Agoeol qeie- sh: bi snorgaiilen 


_, Si bas yoerst welt To solves, oid iil ne berlin | 


s : i eae nel ead 
, ; : r i 
| ny 


rr orld sent 


to io i ig adit sei ie P | 
gustaot ve soy list iiginbiM: Sh) hie 4) 


nie) “nt Ree aaiattleve fagol et 


bas tuo smeique . .U adi lo teneg: 
tevenot) to tediowd = eew best a ae path oauidl sostot 


-mgold do redial ott haw itl odd th b vale fT 
odt gaiaei ail boimevarg 9fd! a finish inns creda sainvils - 
tramer noed ued ylintst yoeni A oT peterstionq ‘eels ail posi - 
boton enw ,todrod iar an? Yo noe ont yoeait mdol wel only pienot 
yoenia adol ;aolkestorq off To wheel & en yori Is 
ee vot: ni bsib bos sigavivenned ‘Yo soizan| IsidD 


bona! baa Inonitns te aw oebontg-247R 
evsrneye yraet 10 ‘bowil snail aM efi esentnaK aM THY 
sve hooW Jo tatoo atta anal orto em ond no bia do i | 
ddurd  biswbit dial edn yd bonwe sevodiedha 
bar to Ageqe idginn sco doidw eum 19: 0 au 
WonuedD oda cole fsinicnlt jboredarseet dot als 
agbul ,besA zoliedD eub-ot ebaste syalloD set ovediw bovil 
-basry oft mollA worbsA has soltulovadl ads sated 4 
ond 12 ““vaaet bedetiqmescs Jom a” igltA $9 3 
-“gnifwe Yo tasbiest # s18y sofe ted. snoteodl te riod. 
ibstosis abiawrona: row Hn stele? euod 
evorodsatl irBtIOR dan shail plein dw, a9 


legion aac nae alo 


64 


Wharton, the saintlike McIlvaine, and that prince- 


ly prelate—the most imposing figure of my boyish 
memories—whose tongue alone could have done 
justice to this anniversary |* 


of the Academy: ‘‘ His talents,’’ said Rev. Dr. Wharton in his 
epitaph, ‘‘were of the first order.’’ Hedied at 29. In an humbler 
walk in life were Thomas Aikman, the Sexton and Undertaker, Ben 
Shepherd, and Captain Jacob Myers of the ‘‘ Mayflower,’’ a well- 
known character. 

* John Cox, John Hoskins, Richard Mott, and George Dillwyn 
were eminent as preachers. Stephen Grellet had an extraordinary 
life; born a nobleman, he escaped from France during the terrors 
of 1793 and became a Missionary among Friends. V2de his life, 
published by Benjamin Seebohn, London. He was a man of excel- 
lent talents, and great purity and benevolence. Dr. Hills’ book, 
to which I have referred before, contains the best account of Talbot, 
Odell, and Wharton. The Rt. Rev. Charles Pettit McIlvaine, D.D., 
Dig. DG de. Bishop of Ohio, was certainly one of the most 
distinguished prelates in the Episcopal Church. He was born at 
the N. W. corner of Broad and Main Streets. His father, the 
Senator, was a son of Colonel Joseph McIlvaine of the Revolution. 
His wife was a daughter of Dr. William Coxe. I cannot condense 
into a note any expression which would convey to those who never 
knew him the place which Bishop Doane filled in Burlington be- 
tween 1840 and 1859. Riverside was an Episcopal palace, filled 
always with distinguished men from home and abroad, amongst 
whom the host was an acknowledged chief. Burlington College 
was in the beginning of an apparently flourishing life. St. Mary’s 
Hall was a successful institution. St. Mary’s was the cathedral 
church of the Diocese, and on every occasion, ecclesiastical, col- 
legiate, social, political, on Commencement Day, at Christmas, on 
the 4th of July, the Bishop was a prominent and fascinating figure. 
I shall never forget the wondering admiration with which I used to 
look at him; and the fascination of his manner—for no one had 
the gift of charming the young more than he—lingers with me still. 


SOD O¥BH DivoD onols. ouge 9201 


f oe | ie ae 
ohne | a bin A eeen ovians 
oy mia ' af d i ; Ay 
‘ ne 
ti oo rormdW 9 wot bing" Riis aH” pyarebeoe 
q Tada me nl, .osdabsibeH “ashe geen od io vow 4 
> #98 sedensbal bow notes? ont eeitiA wamOnT ars Sit Ah ny 
f os % - 
Y ; f : ‘ U ‘ ; A Poo a wy Ts n Sees 
; wae PATE YM, + oy AG goog Riki}s—) bins insdtg de 
= fy bio pen en hen 
aids: eve ak 
i ) betg di i j an wEE ode L gd xOD adol, . 
3 aC) : : i iy si Pe F va a : ; i f howe 
ERS, TURD SS a Zt ies HOME BIS OLY neni og 


a | wiv on oyna view & Smensad d bita'g eet ‘to Ki 
f° ‘efoane to hesw oH .sobtold .ndedas® mimajprnst yd bode qt : 
a ae ae ssisioventsd | 1 VPI Ieoty DT enrotas Met. 
PA Pn? tor oven T T Aoidw oO 
 snieviloM pits esfied) wet iA maT i nol wv brs obO 
| koa 91,29 6: ylaienen sabe oh Aanigudales ie eaetneama 
s mod asw oH dowd eqoseig® sult ii eotelorg bedeing aieib Ne 
poet torte eit .aj90182 ain (boa bmn To onde IW 
Ne ie loves edi to oniavitsltades ol feneteD to noes 2 enn soins 
nebnos fonass | OD ct Peeve hy tot yuals & eRw otiw an 


_ ‘ Pen | a 5 rar a i 
YS OA S200) OF VENHOS BDitow Aa Het IRD be ne sfon ee 4 aii 
h ’ ; , » ae } L, oe rae ry get pi 


“od noigohwd ai Bell onnod qodeil ddidw sontg ony aid Wonk ‘¢ <a 
_ belt soaieq daqoosigd one: pew obie ovis 2b berg. Op hoows 


qneata .brows bes snod imo yet ‘belle ing nite aw eee 
| . syetteD motgnitwel  Qeids bey bolwondse as enw 0d ‘onl ‘mony 
| a ymnlt 12 Sil yaivteinol yas eqqe ne’ 6 ge os 


a 


+ 


Bian! ferbarino ot eow evan: 38 toistiven ivieesvowe & raw felt 
ah Cie | «too nodestesiong jnolerssb viove mo bin (29 508 ae to ovate t 
cay HO em ter) is (ok sogmssns mead ao dnditilog 


& ey na _ ile ie aie Ml. us ies ae ds 
. amy witteninedt b ss 30D jemand. 8 amy yor hei ont; 
2 7 _ / ; 


ve . baal doteiw sain 4 foi marten bp yi vobtv ‘ery Pty 
| 1) bite 


on, 


bed ono on 101 oan mei Yo noiseminest ge 


Nie 


as a dite arog oe unit 1 von vont ct pill 


q a)" mhe 
ts, iin 


65 


Now as I speak of them under the inspiration 
of these memories I seem to feel the touch of 
vanished hands and hear the sound of voices that 
are still. Before me rise the scenes of other days. 
Isee the brilliant Wall; the rough and ready Engle; 
the venerable Grellet; Allen, your Mayor for quar- 
ter of a century.; the little form, too small for 
such a heart, of William Allinson; the white head 
of Thomas Milnor; the well-beloved face of Court- 
landt Van Rensselaer; and the splendid countenance 
and manly form of him—the friend of many here 
—whose name I dare not trust myself to speak ! 
And you, too—friends of my boyhood’s days, 
whom death has crowned with an immortal youth 
—you, young defenders of my country’s honor— 
Grubb, Chase, Barclay, Baquet, and Van Rensse- 
laer-—on such a day as this you, too, shall be re- 
membered !* | 


* These names need no explanatory note to-day, but I must not 
forget that a generation is rapidly approaching to whom they will 
seem as shadowy as do to me most of those which I have mentioned 
in the preceding paragraph. James W. Wall, often the candidate 
of his party for Congress and a Senator for a short time in 1860, 
was a man of brilliant talents, a witty poet, a graceful writer, and 
an orator of no little power. Frederick Engle, who died a Rear 
Admiral of the U. S. Navy, was a gallant and distinguished sailor. 
Of the venerable and excellent Grellet [ have already spoken: he 
lived in Main Street, next the alley called Library Street, opposite 
Governor Bloomfield’s. When it was known that perhaps ‘‘ Friend 


»? 


Grellet would preach,’’ there were many of the world’s people at 
meeting. I have heard him, and recall a tall slender figure speak- 


5 


gn) ebniov Yo bnuoe dt od ‘bos ebas 
ch hy sorlto Yo eoagce ody seit ont , | | 
a olgudl ybsor beg donorsd ; ‘Mn W ins 


fl ¢ 


i D2RAOINGO? kit i ee Dinas as ‘heat 
| ! Andige ot Pozen feud ‘ton omeb I once 


- davey laromeni os diiv boawots aac slisob coorw 


ee 9d Mada, 209. dine aid 2h. ease R. doue, go-—r981 


'barotivens ovat T doiden sandy jo teom ann natn | 
| stnbi brig: ods aoe nw WW eden: |) doeng ' 


tik paeploge ebaortiowad seller 
9 tidoqqo asani@yuindhl bollaa 3 
nail equichrog tnd piwoud enw si-cod WE 

a alqooq baheodeitsibop Yo qhnet ovsMe x dy 


Nadas sity io mod Ios 
; “dap02 afly: ic ie -o9 mgoe TD 


“THUD 101 oye wey, nota ipollorO olde wi 
rot Moen 90} fre). olattl, ont p.m 


ps sel onitw's alt goon ith eli Yo. on oh it | 


rod Yasar to basitt oda—-onid to: ees 108 lam | bas 


areh.boodyod yet to ebtieitt— oor uoy ‘baa . is 


ono sy eWOO Yen be nobastob Qusiog woe. 
-s22a2 1 eV bos doups .ystord end | dda 


sor wane I dud slliiah sites comune on yo anne ae 
limeyods unodw ad yuivtonongga, ylbiger « ‘ei aoisrA9g nan 2 


.0d8t nb seals todz #10) rosen92 & baw, F 


bern cist tileomg 9 poog yitive s etenlar as 1 i 
Ung © baibiodw’ oignat: doirobsr “tewog, al 


Woline bodvingaiaib bas wabing 2 asim ew BM ois 


66 


My countrymen : The age that saw the birth 
: of Burlington has passed away. The passions that 


ing with strong French accent, and with French rather than Quaker 
warmth and vehemence. Wm. R. Allen was a strong man in every 
sense; he made himself felt in the community in many ways. The 
name of Allinson is honorably remembered. David Allinson was 
a publisher and Samuel a brewer; William J. was a druggist and 
apothecary; he was active in all that concerned the good of Bur- 
lington, and was a great benefactor of the Library and other insti- 
tutions. He had much literary taste, and great antiquarian knowl- 
edge and zeal. Thomas Milnor was another excellent man, whose 
name should not be forgotten. Of the Rev. Dr. Cortlandt Van 
Rensselaer all Burlingtonians have pleasant memories. His activity 
in all good works outside of his church, of which he may be called 
the founder, as well as in it, endeared him greatly to the commu- 
nity. He was a very distinguished minister in the Presbyterian 
Church, and a man of great learning and culture. Frederick 
Brown of Philadelphia built his house called ‘*Summer Home?’’ in 
1847, and made it his place of refuge from the cares of an active 
life, as laborious as it was singularly useful, until his death in 1864. 
Here were the extensive graperies filled with well-selected vines, 
the orchards of dwarf pears, the rare plants and flowers, and the 
choice trees in which he took such genuine delight and which must 
ever be associated in his children’s minds with the memories of a 
perfectly happy childhood. 
‘* Tle te mecum locus et beat 
Postulant arces; ibi tu calentem 


Debita sparges lacrima favillam 
Patris amici.” 


There are other names which ought to be remembered on such 
anniversaries, but those of Isaac Parker Grubb, Richard Chase, 
Mark Wilkes Collet Barclay, Francis Baquet, and Cortlandt Van 
Rensselaer, Jr., I love especially to recall. They all died in the 
active service of their country during the Rebellion. Three of 
them ‘‘with their bodies bore the brunt of battle, and after a short 
and quickly decided crisis of their fate, at the height of glory, not 


he y i" Naar Wath ay 
cay », ye eo a5 8 
TM 
ie he eer A 
ba hae 
| hea wanes”? 


seid ia wine: i tobias oT 
rathd wdiaiog ott easel | 

if m4 
sad fad relent pris pr pay pen 19908 f 
yr fi acm ynowe & 2eW nollA A ye fs 
odT 2yaw Yaad ni Qinuesmo. ont a 620 Vasant bom od yee 
enw noanillA hive horeimemen yldgigaed a peat jo 8m 
vgs tergginh fh emw. Lonnie Lae a Ampeavad pats ate 


pane slliabian ikOTy ane pieed eae th on ' pr citi ie 
party tian on tnoliaons Tothiote: anew ronal sheoitT pe Fatah 
aa¥ thasliyo a wo sit 10 neiogiot ed yon bined: sare 
‘Noivinos HET, Lastrompat iisenelq ovad edainorgailred Its rosiseeas, 
bsiisg ad ysnw od siotd w to ,dotuds eid Io at | 
“enon edt ot yheory mid besebas (fae) wa ow es abavet oil A. 
neroiydesrd 3} ai iodeinin bodeiugaisall Yiav & enw 9H ei 
dviveba12 «stil ban goinisel issig Ye came bag ioudD 
ni “omoH vermin” hotles sebod ait Mee sidglobstidt je awoil 
sviton a& Yo eomsa ott) mon ogutst Jo oonla) wih i oben baz pote 
O81 tt dineb eit Tay Intoent \yelngaia enw di en enorodsl, ily 
eoniy t oreloenliow atsiw bolfit asiiaqaty avienors onl], aw " Pant 
otis bap woh Bas etasiq set ort 12 TROQ hewb Jo ebredore aie af a | 
renin doidw bos ifgilsh Sainaag doue door od doth ai hart d 910 > i - 
b WO eshronned ily ‘dite abniien 2 ‘novblias id «si botzizoeen “tev ee 
pao Re 
if ms tp eunal , o ~ aed dita 
beens tah mone Be inna: 
eee mallivar deviroah aogeqe Anite a ah ghey ae Mo eas 
sie i ial i 1 Meiplsas sey» vedi The haa: sam as hs: 
isi no Loshidtivedii wih: “Oy sigue dst roman ao ox weet Ny ne 
aeadD brett diderd) veil sneel Yo wegild 90d eo 
an thaativeD> baw yisupnd eidsanr th eel : 
. oily MW boils He vod) dager ‘on lle yayed 
Yo surdT  .woillade eis \gainube Soon 
Heda s4oke bor olated Yo aaund 9dr bid 
ton rome baat O10) vials 


ii de 


My sin i Ni 
ee 


67 
raged about her cradle have long been dead. The 
furies of contending creeds have been forgotten, 
and Quaker and Presbyterian, Churchman and 
Catholic, rest in“ her bosom side by side; The 
twin sycamores by yonder meeting-house stand 
guard above a soil enriched with the bones of six 
generations of your kindred, and the spire of old 
St. Mary’s springs from a doubly consecrated 
mould. The tree, the ancient church, the plea- 
sant field, the flowing river—these shall endure, 
but you shall pass away. The lifeless thing shall 
live and the deathless die. It is God’s mystery; 
we cannot solve it. That change that has come 
to all must come to you—and long before this. 
story shall be told again, you will have followed 
the footsteps of your fathers. But still on the 
banks of Delaware shall stand your ancient town. 
Time shall not harm her nor age destroy the 
DeaMty gr iWer’tace. Wealth may not come ‘to 
her, nor power, nor fame among the cities of the 
earth; but civil freedom and liberty of conscience 
are now her children’s birthright, and she rests 
content. Happy, indeed, if they can exclaim, 


17? 


of fear, yielded up their lives Of all it is true that, in those other 
words of Pericles, ‘‘they laid down their bodies and their lives for 
their country, and therefore as their private reward they receive a 
deathless fame and the noblest of sepulchres, not so much that in 
which their bones are entombed as that in which their glory is pre- 
served to be had in everlasting remembrance on all occasions, whe- 


ther of speech or action.”’ 


ede: gain j aeolstit oT | WH eng 
“gyre 2 a‘boo ai iL. By anol gob andy bn 


atl) sioted anol bas —~ oy of attio> ast Mig -on - 


4 peers one 10f1 pares 


eran : ae 
OF 9m Jon. YBN, tiles W ally ae tt 2 


ee eS —— <= sel 


fae a pe nt | 


sa'T  wobia yd obia” tt ee ont 


Hreste ‘gauod- gulioom “robin ae 


xiz to eonod ods: abi beds u Ji 98. 


“blo | to! otiqe ort’ has” barbaid noe Ke | 
‘baisioean0a yiduob. a tot | mati 


~Belq only, loud, ansiona. odd a9. L 26 
ewhas  tlede saaild—aoyit - wok o¢ 


oroo exch pert ogastlo, iod'T | ai adh raven: 


bowollot ‘oved {iw uOY ings blo} | oC 
adj 110 stds sud, isin nm ar 


odd Yo.esiio sd geome. omst-ton ep: rox 
aortaigeaoo to Biter bas mobosit : 


soisloxe: ane y yod We dosbai 


ry pole iy | ened 


sett wl | | 


tothe saodtah ii ord el 34 He YO. aes 


get euvil tied) ban eibod tied: nwob pr obo : 3 of a @ 1 
8 Sriaoen yodd: fnawap otevitg sisdy en! ea a he ia. by telwers 
vnioredy denim oe! ton. entelolanpoe: Yo sealdow by | 


“oy ei oly: pele ene xi re otnrs | 
sedhcapraarrennsede Hon yet | 


Dine bait ca ao 


68 


with each recurring anniversary, as their fathers 


did two hundred years ago: “We are a family at 


peace within ourselves !’’* 


* Wrote Wm. Penn and others in the 1st month (March), 1683: 
‘‘Dear friends and brethren, we have no cause to murmur; our lot 
is fallen every way in a good place, and the Son of God is among 


us. We are a family at peace within ourselves, and truly great is 


our joy therefore.’”’ I add an amusing quotation from old Gabriel 
Thomas. Writing in 1698 he says: “Of Lawyers and Physicians 
I shall say nothing, because this Country is very Peaceable and 
Healthy; long may it so continue and never have occasion for the 
Tongue of the one, nor the Pen of the other, both equally destruc- 
tive to Men’s Estates and Lives; besides forsooth they, Hang-Man 
like, have a License to Murder and Make Mischief.’’ 


5748 


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Bhd ire Baye) Oe LL ' - wa A) ; aire nem Cy) " aA) . ant 
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" t 3 Ose hoe ee! eee ee: nent ee Oe . 
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vyehe eu 


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if ; 4 Mays RAS Al J NM 


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59.3 723 


