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JDarlmgton  JM.emorial  .Library 


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m 


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THOMAS  H.    BUAISTED, 

t  X  CHANGE  OFFICE, 

AT  J,  KTXDS  OF  UNCURRENT  MONEY,  FOREIGN  AND  DOMESTIC  GOLD  AND 
5ILVER  COINS,  ALSO  BANK  OF  EXGLAXD.  IRELAND  AXD  SCOTLAND  NOTES 
BOUGHT  AND  SOLD. 


HOITMEOPATHIC    TWEDTCIXES. 

WILLIAM  RADDE,  322  BROADWAY,   NEW-YORK, 

Sole  Agent  for  the  Leipzig  Central  Homoeopathic  Pharmarv.  has  a  srood  assortment  of  the  best  Homoeopathic 
M  ■  :  cine^,  in  complete  sets,  or  by  si  n-le  vials,  in  Tinctures.  Dilutions,  and  Triturations  ;  also,  Packet  Cases  of 
Medicines;  Physicians'  anil  Family  Medicine  Chests  Small  Pocket-cases  at  £3,  with  Family  Guide  and  27 
Remedies!  Cases  contain ms  4' 5  Viais  with  Tinctures  and  Triturations  for  Physicians.  Cases  with  260  Vials  of 
Tinctun  s  and  Triturations  to  Jahr's  New-Manual,  or  Symtonieui-Codex.  Physician's  Pocket-Cases  with  60  Vials 
of  I'inctures  and  Triturations.  Homoeopathic  Chocolate.  Refined  Susar  of  Milk,  pure  Globules,  etc.,  Arnica 
\Tincture,  the  hest  specific  remedy  for  bruises,  sprains,  wounds,  etc.  Arnica  Plaster,  the  best  Application  for 
\Corns.  Vrtica  urens.  the  best  specific  remedy  for  Burns.  Also,  Books,  Pamphlets,  and  Standard  works  on  the 
System,  in  the  English.  French,  and  German  languages. 


THE  MERCHANT'S    INSURANCE    COMPANY 

OF  THE  CITY   OF   NEW-YO.iK, 
OFFICE:    GREENWICH    CORNER  OF   FULTON-ST. 

CASH  CAPITAL  TWO  HUNDRED  THOUSAND  DOLLARS 

IVSURWCEAGUlfST  LOSS  OR  D4.1I4GE  BV  FIRE. 

>E0RGE  W.  SAVAGE,  secretary. CROWEL  ADAMS,  PRESIDENT. 

FAIRBANKS5  PLATFORM  AND  COUNTER  SCALES, 

For  IZezilroads,  Canftls,  W^archouses,  Stores,  #c, 

\T)\PTED  TO  Ml  KINDS  OF  WEIGHiNG.-W ARRETED  ACCURATE  AXD  DURABLE. 
E.  &  T.  FAIRBANKS  &  Co.,  ST.  JOHNSBURY,  VT. 

FAIRBANKS  &  CO.,  89  WATER  ST.,  NEW- YORK. 


WILSON    G-.  HUNT  &  CO., 

IMPORTERS  AND  WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 

CLOTHS,  CASSIMERES,  VESTING  HEAVY  WOOLENS,  AND  SUMMER  STUFFS, 


\h--°m  SS  80  *  82  WILLIAM'STREET, 

■iluIm1m.Lv^il.'  CORNER  OF  MAIDEX  LANE. 


PETER   F.  RANDOLPH. 
WILLIAM  A.  BUDD. 


NEW-YORK. 


WALLER    &    KREPS, 

342  BROADWAY,  NEW- YORK, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  LARGE  GLASS  AND  PICTURE  FRAMES, 

Window  Cornices,  and  other  Articles  in  Gold  or  Fancy  Woods. 

Importers  of  Looking  Glass  Plates,  and  General  Interior  Decorators. 


UNITED  STATES  &  CALIFORNIA  EXPRESS   CO. 

FOR    THE    TRANSMISSION    OF 

Freight,  Packages,  Jewelry,  Specie,  Gold  Dust  and  Letters, 

BETWEEN  NTEW-YORK  AND  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

PROPRIETORS. 

\.  S.  MILLER  &  CO.  '    Kelse.7,  Smith  &  Risley,  Agents, 

Office.  2  Wall-street,  New-York.  San  Francisco. 


BLANK  BOOKS,  PAPER,  STATIONERY,  COPY  PRESSES ! 

RICH    AND    LOUTREL,  61  WILLIAM-ST.   N.  Y., 
IMPORTERS  AND  MANUFACTURERS  OF  ALL  STATIONERY  ARTICLES, 

IV/iolesnle  and  Retail,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices,  every  kind  of  Blank.  Memorandum,  Copy  \ 
xnd  Pass  Books  :  Letter.  Cap.  Note,  Drawing  and  "Wrapping  Papers  ;  Copying  and  Seal  Presses  ;  i 
Manifold  Writers.  Gold  Pens.  Envelopes,  Cards,  Inks,  Bonnet,  Bristol,  and  Perforated  Boards.  I 
and  every  article  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Stationery.     Also,  Printing,  Engraving,  Lithography  i 

and  Binding  at  low  prices. 


"fm    lUrjinrL" 

POOH  RICHARD'S  ALMANAC 

FOR 

1851, 

A3   WRITTEN   BY 

BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 

FOR   THE    YEARS 

1736-1737-1738. 

THE  ASTRONOMICAL  CALCULATIONS 

ADAPTED    TO 

BOSTON,  NEW-YORK,  PHILADELPHIA,  BALTIMORE,  WASHINGTON  AND 
CHARLESTON. 

TO   WHICH   IS    ADDED, 

THE  CONTINUATION  OF  THE  LIFE 

OF 

THE  GREAT   PHILOSOPHER, 

WRITTEN  BY  HIMSELF. 


ANNUAL  ILLUSTRATED  EDITION 

NEW-YORK : 
JOHN  DOGGETT  Jr.,  59  LIBERTY-STREET, 


1850. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1850, 

BY  JOHN  DOGGETT  Jr., 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  for  the  Southern 

District  of  New- York. 


*  .*  The  first  edition  of  this  Almanac  for  the  year  1851,  comprises  10,000  copies. 
The  advertisements  on  the  covers,  to  which  we  would  most  respectfully  refer  our 
readers,  are  to  appear  in  each  and  every  edition  issued  for  that  year. 


F.  C.  GUTIERREZ, 

PRINTER, 

Cor.  John  and  Dutch-streets,  N.  Y. 


J.  P.  JONES  &  CO., 

STEREOTYPERS, 

(,Vr.  of  Willi:-. in  and  Spruce-sts.,  N.  Y. 


PEEFACE 


The  present  number,  which  is  the  second  of  this  edition  of  Poor  Richard's 
Almanac,  contains  the  editorial  matter  of  Franklin  for  the  years  1736, 
1737,  and  1738,  and  the  continuation  of  the  autobiography  of  the  Doctor, 
commenced  in  our  first  number,  which,  with  the  editorials  and  advice 
of  Poor  Richard,  will  be  continued  from  year  to  year,  until  both  are 
completed. 

We  subjoin  a  list  of  the  names  of  those  gentlemen,  which,  for  want  of 
space,  was  excluded  from  our  first  issue,  to  whom  we  are  indebted  for 
much  of  that  success  which  has  attended  our  efforts  to  obtain  a  complete 
set  of  Poor  Richard. 


W.  J.  ALL1NSON,  Burlington,  N.  J. 

T.  P.  BARTON,  Philadelphia. 

Dr.  BENNEWELL,  Milestown,  Pa. 

C.  W.  BREWSTER,  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

MERIT  CANBY,  Wilmington,  Del. 

HENRY  CAREY.  Burlington,  N.  J. 

JOHN  CARTER  BROWN,  Providence,  R.  I. 

MELLEN  CHANDLER,  Boston. 

Dr.  B.  H.  COATES,  Philadelphia. 

JOSHUA  COFFIN,  Newbury,  Mass. 

Rt.   Rev.  G.  W.  DOANE,  D.D.,  L.L.D.,  Bur 

lington,  N.  J. 
S.  G.  DRAKE,  Boston. 
JOHN  F.  ELLOT,  Boston. 
BENJAMIN  FERRIS,  near  Baltimore. 
W.  L.  FISHER.  Germantown,  Pa. 
JAMES  FRANCIS  FISHER,  Philadelphia, 
P.  R.  FREES,  Germantown,  Pa. 
THOMAS  GILPIN,  Philadelphia. 
A.  G.  GREEN,  Providence,  R.  I. 
Rev.  JOHN  HALL,  Trenton,  N.  J. 
JAMES  HARVEY,  Germantown,  Pa.  , 

SAMUEL  HAZARD,  Philadelphia.  I 


E.  D.  INGRAHAM,  Philadelphia. 

SAMUEL  KEYSER.  Germantown,  Pa. 

NATHAN  KITE,  Philadelphia. 

BENJAMIN  LEMAN,  Germantown,  Pa. 

JOHN  LIEBERT,  Germantown,  Pa. 

GEORGE  LIVERMORE,  Boston. 

Dr.  A.  C.  LOGAN,  Slenton,  Pa. 

ELN ATH AN  M  ANCH ESTER,  Providence,  R.  I. 

EDMUND  MORRIS,  Burlington,  N.  J. 

SAMUEL  NORRIS,  Philadelphia. 

JAMES  P.  PARKE,  " 

JOHN  POULSON,  " 

J.  M.  RUSH,  " 

JOSEPH  SCATTERGOOD,  " 

Rev.  SAML.  SEWELL,  Burlington,  Mass. 

J.  L.  SIBLEY,  Cambridge.  Mass. 

JOHN  JAY  SMITH,  Philadelphia. 

R.  SMITH,  " 

GEO.  STEWARDSON,      « 

RICHARD  VAUX,  " 

SOLOMON  WYETH,        " 

DAVID  YOUNG,  Hanover,  N.  J. 


TERMS  OF  THIS  PUBLICATION. 


SINGLE  COPY, 
PER  100  COPIES, 
PER  1000  COPIES, 


$  o  m 

8  00 
70  00 


^^  Persons  at  a  distance  wishing  copies  of  this  work,  may  remit  the 
money  by  Mail,  post-paid,  and  the  number  ordered  will  be  promptly  sent 
as  directed.     The  first  number  can  be  supplied 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK 


ECLIPSES    IN    THE    YEAR    1851. 

There  will  be  two  Eclipses  of  the  Sun,  and  two  of  the  Moon,  this  year. 

I.  January  17,  Moon  eclipsed  at  the  time  of  Full  Moon,  in  the  morning  in  the  United  States, 
except  the  eastern  part  of  Maine,  where  it  will  he  afternoon.  Invisible  here,  but  will  be  seen 
in  the  opposite  regions  of  the  globe.     Magnitude,  5.58  digits  on  the  Moon's  northern  limb. 

II.  February  1,  Sun  eclipsed  at  the  time  ef  New  Moon  in  the  morning,  but  will  be  in  the 
evening  of  Jan.  31,  in  the  states  and  territories  west  of  the  Mississippi  river.  Invisible  in 
America.  The  Sun  maybe  seen  more  or  less  eclipsed  on  the  southern  limb  at  Australia,  the 
Cape  of  Grood  Hope,  and  the  southern  part  of  Madagascar ;  and  on  the  northern  limb,  at  New 
Zealand.  This  Eclipse  will  be  central  and  annular  on  the  meridian  in  longitude  983  22/  east 
from  Greenwich,  and  latitude  58°  23'  south. 

III.  July  12,  evening,  and  July  13,  morning,  Moon  eclipsed ;  visible. 


Principal  Cities. 


Eastport 

Boston 

New  York — 
Philadelphia  - 
Baltimore  — 
Washington  - 
Richmond  — 
Rochester  — 

Raleigh 

Charleston  1 
Pittsburgh  )  ' 
Cleveland  --- 


Beginning. 


1  22  m. 
16  m. 
0  51m. 
0  49  m. 
0  43  m. 
0  42  m. 
0  40  m. 
0  39  m. 
0  35  m. 

0  30  m. 

0  24  m. 


2  53  m. 
2  37  m. 
2  25  m. 
2  20  m. 
2  14  m. 
2  13  m. 
2  11m. 
2  10  m. 
2    6  m. 

2    lm. 

1  55  m. 


13  4  24 
13  4  8 
13  3  56 
13  3  51 
13  3  45 
13  3  44 
13  3  42 
13  3  41 
13  3  37 

13  3  32 

13  3 


Principal  Cities. 


Detroit - 

Milledgeville  - 

Lexington 

Cincinnati  -  -  - 
Indianapolis  -  ■ 

Nashville 

Chicago 

Mobile 

St.  Louis 

New  Orleans-  - 

Austin 

San  Francisco 


Beginning. 


0  18  m. 
0  17  m. 
0  13  m. 
0  12  m. 
0  6  m. 
0  3  m. 
11  59  ev. 


12  11  57  ev. 
12  11  52  ev. 
12  11  50 ev. 
12  11  19 ev. 
12    9  43  ev. 


1  49  m. 
1  48  m. 
1  44  m. 
1  43  m. 
1  37  m. 
1  34  m. 
1  30  m. 
1  28  m. 
1  23  m. 
1  21  m. 
0  50  m. 


13  3  £0 
13  3  19 
13  3  15 
13  3  14 
13  3  8 
13  3  5 
13  3  1 
13  2  59 
13  2  54 
13  2  52 
13  9  21 
13  0  45 


Magnitude,  8.47  digits  on  the  Moon's  southern  limb. 

IV.  July  28,  morning,  Sun  eclipsed ;  visible  more  or  less  throughout  the  United  State 
with  the  exception  of  the  southern  part  of  Florida:  on  the  Sun's  northern  limb. 


CITIES 

in  the  order  of 

Latitude. 


Eastport 

Montpelier 

Concord  

Rochester 

Milwaukie 

Buffalo 

Albany 

Detroit 

Boston 

Providence  — 

Chicago 

Iowa  City 

New  Haven  -  - 
New  York  — 
Pittsburgh  --- 
Philadelphia  - 


8  7 
7  41 
7  46 
7  16 

6  30 

7  10 
7  34 

6  51 

7  49 
7  48 
6  29 

6  12 

7  39 
7  34 
7  4 
7  29 


H.     H. 

9    3 

8  35 
8  38 
8    7 

7  21 

8  1 
8  26 

7  41 

8  40 
8  37 
7  18 

7  0 

8  27 
8  21 

7  51 

8  15 


10  1 
9  31 
9  32 
9    0 

8  14 

8  54 

9  20 

8  33 

9  34 
9  29 

8  10 

7  51 

9  18 
9  12 

8  42 

9  4 


1  54 
1  50 
1  46 
1  44 
1  44 
1  44 
1  46 
1  42 
1  45 
1  41 
1  41 
1  39 
1  39 
1  38 
1  33 
1  35 


n._-its. 
4.53 
4.46 
4.00 
4.53 
5.23 
4.47 
4.02 
4.66 
3.79 
3.52 
4.81 
5.07 
3.54 
3.42 
3.79 
3.32 


CITIES 

i  the  order  of 
Latitude. 


Indianapolis  -  - 

Baltimore 

Cincinnati 

Washington  - 

St.  Louis 

Lexington  — 
Richmond  — 

Nashville 

Raleigh 

Little  Rock  -  - 
Milledgeville  - 
Charleston  — 

Mobile 

Austin 

New  Orleans  - 
St.  Augustine 


H.  M. 

6  37 

7  23 

6  45 

7  21 
6  21 

6  46 

7  20 

6  36 

7  16 
6  10 

6  56 

7  16 
6  36 

5  49 

6  23 

7  3 


7  24 

8  7 

7  30 

8  5 
7  6 

7  29 

8  1 
7  16 

6  49 

7  28 
7  42 
7  2 
6  21 

6  53 

7  22 


8  14 
8  53 
8  18 
8  51 

7  54 

8  16 
8  45 

7  59 

8  32 

7  31 

8  2 
8  10 
7  31 

6  55 

7  21 
7  43 


1  37 
1  30 
1  33 
1  30 
1  .33 
1  30 
1  25 
1  23 
1  16 
1  21 
1  6 
0  54 

0  55 

1  6 
0  53 
0  40 


DiSs. 
4.28 
3.12 
3.69 
3.01 
4.03 
3.39 
2.57 
2.95 
2.10 
3.02 
1.65 
1.05 
1.24 
2.20 
1.06 
0.67 


At  Astoria,  in  Oregon,  this  Eclipse  will  be  chiefly  visible.  The  Sun  will  rise  there  at  4  h. 
40  m.  with  7.01  digits  "eclipsed,  and  at  4h.  58  m.  it  will  be  9.18  digits  eclipsed.  The  Eclipse 
will  end  at  5h.  49  m.  At  San  Francisco,  the  Sun  will  rise  at  5h.  2  m.  with  an  Eclipse  of 
6.65  digits  diminishing,  which  will  end  at  5  h.  43  m.  This  Eclipse  will  be  more  or  less  visi- 
ble throughout  Europe,  and  in  the  northern  part  of  Africa.  It  will  be  central  and  total  on  the 
meridian  in  longitude  33°  43'  west  from  Greenwich,  and  latitude  693  54'  north. 


©©Sun;    DMoon; 
urn ;   fH  Herschel. 


CHARACTERS. 

£>  Mercury;    9  Venus;  ®  Earth; 


$  Mars ;   If  Jupiter ;    1?  Sat- 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK 


RISING   AND    SETTING   OF   PLANETS   AND    STARS. 

The  reader  should  understand  that  these  are  not  materially  affected  by  the  longitude  ol 
a  place :  and  also  that  when  the  hour  is  less  than  6,  it  is  in  the  morning ;  and  when  greater 
than  6,  it  is  in  the  evening. 


PATE. 

PLANET 

Boston. 

Wash- 
ington. 

Charles- 
ton. 

DATE. 

PLANET. 

Boston. 

Waeh- 
ington. 

Cha's- 

H.      M. 

H.       M. 

B.       M. 

n.     m. 

H.      M. 

u.    a. 

Jan.    14 

Venus  rises 

4  41 

4  34 

4  22 

July     5 

Venus  rises 

2  52 

3    3 

3  19 

"      24 

"        " 

4  23 

4  15 

4    3 

"      16 

CC           CC 

3    3 

3  14 

3  31 

Feb.     5 

Saturn  sets 

10  20 

10  18 

10  15 

"      18 

Jupiter  sets 

10  58 

11     0 

11    3 

"      12 

Venus  rises 

4  13 

4    5 

3  52 

Aug.    2 

10    3 

10    5 

10    8 

"      20 

Jupiter  rises  -  -  - 

9  49 

9  46 

9  41 

"        7 

Saturn  rises  -  -  - 

10  25 

10  30 

10  37 

"      28 

9  15 

9  12 

9    8 

"        8 

Jupiter  sets   -  -  - 

9  41 

9  43 

9  47 

Mar.    4 

M          ee 

8  58 

8  55 

8  50 

"      22 

Seven  Stars  rise 

9  58 

10    9 

10  27 

"      11 

Venus  rises 

4  14 

4    6 

3  54 

Sept.    5 

CC                       CC 

9    3 

9  14 

9  32 

"      19 

"        " 

4  12 

4    5 

3  54 

"      18 

CC                       CC 

8  11 

8  23 

8  40 

u       27 

"         <c 

4    8 

4    2 

3  53 

"      25 

CC                       CC 

7  44 

7  55 

8  13 

April    9 
•f      24 

ii        t( 

3  58 

3  54 

3  48 

Oct.      6 

Mars  rises 

11    2 

11  12 

11  29 

"        "     

3  43 

3  41 

3  39 

ii      14 

(C 

10  50 

11     0 

11  17 

May    3 

•*             "       

3  32 

3  32 

3  33 

"      25 

"       

10  32 

]0  42 

10  58 

ii      14 

CI              tt 

3  19 

3  21 

3  25 

Nov.     6 

ct 

10    9 

10  19 

10  34 

"      28 

II              CC 

3    4 

3    9 

3  16 

ci      14 

"       

9  51 

10    0 

10  15 

June    4 

"         "     

2  58 

3    4 

3  14 

"       27 

CI 

9  17 

9  26 

9  40 

ci      14 

II              CC 

2  51 

2  59 

3  12 

Dec.     6 

"       

8  48 

8  57 

9  11 

"      25 

CI               CC 

2  49 

2  59 

3  14 

"      18 

"       

8    1 

8  10 

8  25 

PHENOMENA   OF   THE   PLANETS   FOR    1S51. 
Jan.  4,  JJI  stat. ;  5,  2  stat. □  0  T? ;  6,  £'s  gr.  elong. ;  12,  DQLf,  £stat.;  16,  D0^; 

20,  0  enters  ZZ  ;  22,  inf.  d  ©  5  •  Feb.  2,  £  stat. ;  7,  If.  stat. ;  15,  £'s  gr.  elong. ;  19,  0 
enters  }£  ;  25,  9's  gr.  elong.  March  20,  0  enters  f.  April  1,  sup.  <$  0  g  ;  8,  8  GUl 
14,  6  0  V,  20, '0  enters  ft ,  6  0^  ;  28,  g's  gr.  elong.     May  9,  £  stat. ;  20,  inf.  6  0  £  J 

21,  0  enters  II.  June  1,  £  stat. ;  10,  If  stat. ;  15,  £'s  gr.  elong. ;  21,  0  enters  f£.  Jul? 
6,  D  021 ;  15,  sup.  6  ©  $';  23,  0  enters  ^;  D0^  QO^i28.©  eclipsed,  vis.  Aug. 
10,  J#  stat. ;  17,  J?  stat. ;  23,  0  enters  TTJ7  ;  26,  §"s  gr.  elong.  Sept.  8,  £  stat. ;  22,  inf. 
6  0  £  J  23.  0  enters  =Oa ;  30,  sup.  6  0  ?,  £  stationary.  Oct.  7,  £'s  gr.  elong. ;  23,  □  0  $ , 
0  enters  111;  24,  £  ©  1?  ;  26,  <§>  ©  J£  ;  27,  6  QU-  Nov.  7,  sup.  6  ©  £  ;  22,  ©  enters  /  . 
Dec.  16,  $  stat. ;  20,  £'s  gr.  elong. ;  22,  ©  enters  VS  ;  27,  $  stat. ;  31,  >>  stationary. 


Libra ;  tTX  Scor- 


SIGNS   OF   THE    ZODIAC. 

°P  Aries ;   ft  Taurus ;  n  G-emini ;  £5  Cancer ;  £\.  Leo ;  Tig  Virgo ; 
pio ;   /  Sagittarius  ;  V3  Capricorn  ;  ZZ  Aquarius ;  }£  Pisces. 

ASPECTS  AND  NODES. 

(5  Conjunction ;  ^C  Sextile,  60  degrees ;  □  Quartile,  90  degrees  j  A  Trine,  120  degrees  , 
Vc.  Quincunx,  150  degrees ;  g  Opposition,  180  degrees ;  Q,  Ascending  Node  ;  X3  Descend- 
ing Node. 

CHRONOLOGICAL.    CYCLES. 

Dominical  Letter,  E  ;  Golden  Number,  or  Lunar  Cycle,  9  ;  Epact,  28 ;  Solar  Cycle,  12 ; 
Roman  Indiction,  9 ;  Julian  Period,  6564. 


NOTES   TO    THE   READER. 

The  Calendar  page  in  this  Almanac  is  adapted  for  use  in  every  part  of  the  United  States. 
It  is  based  on  the  fact,  that  in  the  same  Latitude,  that  is,  on  a  line  running  due  east  and 
west,  the  Sun  and  Moon  rise  and  set  at  the  same  moment  by  the  clock  or  almanac,  not 
only  throughout  the  United  States,  but  around  the  world — the  variations  being  so  small  as  to 
be  of  no  importance  for  ordinary  purposes.  Thus,  if  on  any  day  the  Sun  rises  at  Boston  at  5 
minutes  past  6,  it  rises  at  5  minutes  past  6  on  the  same  line  of  latitude  westward  throughout 
the  states  of  Massachusetts,  New  York,  Michigan,  Iowa,  and  Oregon. 

Hence,  a  Calendar  adapted  to  Boston  for  New  England,  is  equally  adapted,  as  to  the  rising 
and  setting  of  the  Sun  and  Moon,  for  use  in  Northern  New  York  and  Michigan  ;  a  Calendar 
for  New  York  city  is  adapted  for  use  in  the  states  of  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illinois; 


8  POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK 

a  Calendar  for  Baltimore  is  adapted  for  Virginia,  Kentucky,  and  Missouri;  and  a  Calendar 
for  Charleston  will  answer  for  North  Carolina,  Tennessee,  Georgia,  Alabama,  and  Louisiana. 
Wherever  the  reader  is,  look  for  the  state  at  the  top  of  the  Calendar  page,  and  underneath  are 
the  rising  and  setting  of  the  Sun  and  Moon  sufficiently  accurate  for  all  practical  purposes. 

The  changes,  fulls,  and  quarters  of  the  Moon,  however,  are  governed  by  another  prin- 
ciple, and  are  essentially  the  same  for  all  places  on  the  same  Longittide  ;  that  is,  on  any 
line  extending  due  north  and  south.  Thus,  the  Moon's  phases  for  Charleston,  suit  Pitts- 
burgh, etc.  Any  phasis  takes  place  at  the  same  instant  of  absolute  time  ;  but  the  local  time 
is  earlier  at  the  westward,  and  later  at  the  eastward,  at  the  rate  of  four minutes  for  each 
degree  of  Longitude  ;  or  at  the  rate  of  one  minute  for  every  12  miles  273  rods  in  the  lati- 
tude of  Boston  ;  13  miles  60  rods  in  the  latitude  of  New  York  city ;  13  miles  143  rods  in  the 
latitude  of  Baltimore ;  and  14  miles  199  rods  in  the  latitude  of  Charleston. 


TABLE  OF  THE  SOLAR  SYSTEM, 


Mean  di- 
ameter in 
Eng.  miles. 


Time  of  revolution  round 
the  Sun. 


iM 


The  Sun  -- 
Mercury — 

Venus  

The  Earth 
The  Moon  - 

Mars 

Vesta 

Iris 

Hebe 

Flora 

Astraea 

Juno 

Ceres 

Pallas*---- 

Jupiter 

Saturn 

Uranus 

Neptune --- 


883.246 
3>24 
7,6S7 
7,912 
2,180 
4,189 
238 
unknown 


1,425 
160 
110 
89,170 
79,042 
35.112 
35;000 


37,000,000 

68,000,000 

95,000,000 

95,000,000 

144,000,000 

224,340,600 

226,000,000 

230,000,000 

240,000,000 

246,000,000 

253,598,700 

263,236,450 

265,000,000 

490,000,000 

900,000,000 

1,800,000,000 

2,850,000,000 


23    21     22 


0  23    56      4 
27      7    43    12 

1  0    37    22 


0  9  55  27 
0  10  29  17 
unknown 


87 

224 

365 

365 

686 

1,325 

1,327 

1,375 

1,469 

1,512 

1,593 

1,684 

1,686 

4,332 

10,759 

30,686 

60,128 


23    15  43 

16    49  10 

6      9  12 

6      9  12 

23    30  35 

11    38  24 

23    22  41 

nearly. 

18    37  19 

nearly. 


6.67 
1.91 
1. 
1. 

0.43 


0.16 


36  28 

17    38  24 

7    19  12 

14    27  10 

1    51  11 


19    41    32 
3    20    02 


0.037 
0.011 
0.003 
0.001 


*  A  ninth  asteroid  named  Metis,  and  also  a  tenth  not  yet  named,  have  been  discovered 
since  the  beginning  of  1848,  between  Mars  and  Jupiter ;  but  as  the  sizes,  distances,  etc.,  are 
yet  unknown,  they  have  not  been  added  to  the  table. 


EQUINOXES   AND    SOLSTICES   FOR  1S51 


EQUINOXES  AND  SOLSTICES. 


London. 


Cincinnati.       San  Francisco. 


Vernal  Equinox, March 

Summer  Solstice June  -  - 

Autumnal  Equinox  -Sept.-- 
Winter  Solstice Dec.  -  - 


21  4  55  mo.  21     0  11  mo. 

22  1  41  mo.  21     8  57  ev. 

23  3  51  ev.   23  11     7  mo. 
22  9  29  mo. '22    4  45  mo. 


20  11  47  ev. 

21  8  33  ev. 
23  10  43  mo. 

22  4  21  mo 


20  11  17  ev. 

21  8  3ev. 
23  10  13  mo. 
22-  3  51  mo. 


20  8  47  ev. 

21  5  33  ev. 
23  7  43  mo. 

22  1  21  mo. 


When  it  is  noon  at  London,  it  is  6  h.  52  m.  in  the  morning  at  Washington ;  and  when  it 
is  noon  at  Washington,  it  is  5  h.  8  m.  in  the  evening  at  London. 


APOGEE  AND  PERIGEE  OF  THE  SUN. 

The  Sun  is  in  Miles. 

Perigee  December  31,  1850,  distance  from  the  Earth, 93,582,000 

Apogee  July  1,1851,         "  "  "      96,771,000. 

Perigee  January       2,1852,         "  "  "      - - 93,575,000. 

The  perigee  does  not  occur  in  1S51,  but  occurs  twice  in  1852. 


LEAP-TEAR. 

Every  year  is  leap-year  the  number  of  which  can  be  divided  by  4,  and  not  by  100 ;  or 
rhicli  can  be  divided  by  400. 


POOR  RICHARD'S  ALMANACK 


1st  month.                 JANUARY,    1851.                       31  days. 

MOON'S    PHASES. 

BOSTON. 

NEW  YORK. 

BALTIMO'E. 

CHARLES'N. 

H.-M  — 

5  24  mo. 
11  1  mo. 
11  22  mo. 

2  57  mo. 

SUN  on  MERID. 

I  New  Mc 
First  Q 
Full  Mo 
Third  Q 

D. 

2 
JO 
17 
24 

6    0  mo. 
11  37  mo. 

11  58  mo. 
3  33  mo. 

a.      m. 

5  48  mo. 
11  25  mo. 
11  46  mo. 

3  21  mo. 

11.        M. 

5  37  mo. 
11  14  mo. 
11  35  mo. 

3  10  mo. 

». 

1 

9 

17 
25 

ev.    3  50 
0     7  25 
0  10  23 
0  12  37 

aarter 

uarter-  •  •  • 

CALENDAR  FOR 
CHARLESTON ;  N.  CAROLI 
lina,  Tknn.,  Gkok'a,  Ala., 
Missis.,  and  Louisiana. 

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NEW  YORK  CITY;  PHIL'A, 

Conn.,  New  Jersey,  Penn., 

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CALENDAR   FOR 
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New  York  State,  Michi'n, 
Wisconsin,  and  Iowa. 

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10 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK. 


2d  month.               FEBRUARY,    1851.                   28  days. 

MOON'S   PHASES. 

BOSTON. 

NEW  YORK. 

BALTIM'RE. 

CHARLES'N. 

0  42  mo. 

3  36  mo. 
10     8  ev. 

4  18  ev. 

SUN  on  MER1D 

». 

1 

9 

15 
22 

a.      m. 

1  18  mo. 
4  12  mo. 
10  44  ev. 
4  54  ev. 

1     6  mo. 
4     0  mo. 
10  32  ev. 
4  42  ev. 

H.         M. 

0  55  mo. 

3  49  mo. 
10  21  ev. 

4  31  ev. 

D. 

1 

9 
17 
25 

B.        M.        8. 

0  13  53 

0  14  31 ! 
0  14  18 
0  13  20 

First  Quarter 

Full  Moon     

Third  Quarter 

CALENDAR    FOR 
CHARLESTON  ;  N.  CAROLI- 
NA, Tenn.,  Georgia,  Ala., 
Missis.,  and  Louisiana. 

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CALENDAR  FOR 
BALTIMORE;    VIR- 
GINIA,   Kentucky, 

and  Missouri. 

1    1 

B.      M. 

sets. 

6  46 

7  42 

8  39 

9  36 

10  31 

11  33 
morn. 

0  34 

1  36 

2  41 

3  44 

4  46 

5  43 
rises. 

6  31 

7  45 

8  57 

10  7 

11  14 
morn. 

0  19 

1  21 

2  20 

3  14 

4  4 

4  48 

5  28 

Si  (m 

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1 

CALENDAR  FOR 

NEW  YORK  CITY;  PHIL'A, 

Conn.,  New  Jersey,  Penn., 

Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Ii.i.i's. 

£      1 

n.     h. 

9  13 
9  49 
10  19 

10  50 

11  22 
11  54 
morn. 

0  27 

1  5 

1  50 

2  49 

4  5 

5  26 

6  42 

7  41 

8  31 

9  21 
10    7 

10  52 

11  36 
ev.  17 

1     1 

1  48 

2  47 

4  3 

5  25 

6  43 

7  38 

c 

2   5 
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CALENDAR    FOR 
BOSTON;  NEW  ENGLAND, 
New  York  State,  Michi'n, 
Wisconsin,  and  Iowa. 

X  1 

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POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK 


11 


3d  MONTH. 


MARCH,    1§51 


31  DAYS. 


MOON'S    PHASES. 


New  Moon 
First  Quarter  • 
Full  Moon    •  •  • 
Third  Quarter- 


8  31  ev. 
5  1  ev. 
8  35  mo. 
8  42  mo. 


8  19  ev. 
4  49  ev. 
8  23  mo. 
8  30  mo. 


8  8  ev. 
4  38  ev. 
8  12  mo. 
8  19  mo. 


CHARLES'N. 


55  ev. 
25  ev. 
59  mo. 


SUN  on  MEKID 


0  12  3 
0  10  48 
0  8  35 
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12 


POOR  RICHARD'S  ALMANACK. 


4th  MONTH. 


APRIL,    1851 


30  DAYS. 


MOON'S    PHASES. 


New  Moon 
First  Quarter  • 
Full  Moon     •  ■  • 
Third  Quarter  • 


1  49  ev. 

2  18  mo. 
5  51  ev. 
2  14  mo. 


1  37  ev. 

2  6  mo. 
5  39  ev. 
2    2  mo. 


1  26  ev. 
1  55  mo. 
5  28  ev. 
1  51  mo. 


CHARLESN. 


1  13  ev. 
1  42  mo. 
5  15  ev. 
1  38  mo. 


SUN  on  MERID 


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0     1  40 

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11  57  54 


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POOR  RICHARD'S  ALMANACK 


13 


5th  MONTH. 


MAY,    1851 


31  DAYS. 


MOON'S    PHASES. 


New  Moon- 
First  Quarter 
Full  Moon 
Third  Quarter 
New  Moon 


BOSTON. 


4  18  mo. 
8  50  mo. 

3  21  mo. 
8  21  ev. 

4  3  ev. 


NEW  YORK 

H.        H. 

4  6  mo. 
8  38  mo. 
3  9  mo. 
8  9  ev. 
3  51  ev. 


BALTIMO'E. 


3  55  mo. 

8  27  mo. 

2  58  mo. 
7  58  ev. 

3  40  ev. 


CHARLES'N. 

H.        M. 

3  42  mo. 
8  14  mo. 

2  45  mo. 
7  45  ev. 

3  27  ev. 


SUN  on  MKR1I) 


11  56  59 

11  56  16 

11  56 

11  56  36 


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POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK 


6th  MONTH.                               JUJVE,     1851.                                      30  DAYS.  ! 

MOON'S   PHASES. 

BOSTON. 

NEW  YORK. 

BALTIM'RE. 

CHARLES'N. 

H.         M. 

1     8  ev. 
1  24  ev. 
1  15  ev. 

3UN  on  MER1D 

First  Qua 
Full  Moon 
Third  Qua 
New  Mooi 

rter 

D. 

6 
13 
21 

20 

H.        M. 

1  44  ev. 

2  0  ev. 
1  51  ev. 
1  41  mo. 

1  32  ev. 
1  48  ev. 
1  39  ev. 
1  29  mo. 

H.          M. 

1  21  ev. 
1  37  ev. 
1  28  ev. 
1  18  mo. 

D. 
1 

9 
17 

H.         M.         8. 

11  57  27: 

11  58  50 i 

ev.    0  28 

0     2  11 

rter  •  ■ ■  • 

CALENDAR    FOR 
CHARLESTON;  N.  CAROLI- 
NA, Tknn.,  Georgia,  Ala., 
Missis.,  and  Louisiana. 

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CALENDAR  FOR 

BALTIMORE;   VIR- 
GINIA,   Kentucky, 
and  Missouri. 

s    ■ 
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C   o 

n.     m. 

9  14 

10  10 

11  1 

11  45 

morn. 

0  24 

0  59 

1  32 

2  4 

2  37 

3  12 
3  49 

rises. 

8  24 

9  15 
9  59 

10  38 

11  12 
11  43 
morn. 

0  11 

0  38 

1  5 

1  33 

2  3 

2  38 

3  17 

4  4 
sets. 

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j   -unioiAl  jo  Ava  1     HOin^cffit-wacrH^^cc^oc  c»  o  ^03co--«LOtc^x©c! 

CALENDAR  FOR 

NEW  YORK  CITY;  PHIL'A. 

Conn.,  New  Jersey,  Penn., 

Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illi's. 

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11 

H.        M. 

9  17 

10  14 

11  4 
11  48 
morn. 

0  26 

1  0 

1  32 

2  3 

2  35 

3  9 
3  46 

rises. 

8  28 

9  19 
10    3 

10  41 

11  14 
11    11 
morn. 

0  12 

0  38 

1  4 

1  31 

2  1 

2  31 

3  13 
3  59 

sets. 
8  58 

in  £ 

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"  cocococococococococococococococo  co  co  *o  co  co  co  co  co  co  co  co  co  co  co 

CALENDAR    FOR 
BOSTON;  NEW  ENGLAND, 

New  York  State,  Michi'n, 
Wisconsin,  and  Iowa. 

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TOOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK, 


15 


7th  MONTH. 


JULY,    1§51 


31  DAYS. 


MOON'S    PHASES. 


First  Quarter 
Full  Moon 
Third  Quarter 
New  Moon 


BOSTON.      NEW  YORK. 


6  24  ev. 
2  30  mo. 
5  55  mo. 
9  56  mo. 


6  12  ev. 
2  18  mo. 
5  43  mo. 

9  44  mo. 


6  1  ev. 
2  7  mo. 
5  32  mo. 
9  33  mo. 


5  48  ev. 
1  54  mo. 
5  19  mo. 
9  20  mo. 


BV* 

ok  MER1D 

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1 

9 
17 
25 

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0     3  25 
0     4  49 
0     5  46 
0     6  11 

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16 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK 


8th  MONTH. 


AUGUST,    1851 


31  DAYS. 


MOON'S   PHASES. 


First  Quarter 
Full  Moon  •  •  • 
Third  Quarter 
New  Moon 


0  23  mo. 

4  59  ev. 
8  14  ev. 

5  36  ev. 


NEW  YORK. 


0  11  mo. 

4  47  ev. 
8    2  ev. 

5  24  ev. 


BALTIMORE. 


12     0  ev. 

4  36  ev. 
7  51  ev. 

5  13  ev. 


11  47  ev. 

4  23  ev. 
7  38  ev. 

5  0  ev. 


StfJ 

on  MERID. 

D. 

1 

17 
25 

B.        M.        S. 

0     6    3 
0    5  16 
0    3  53 

0     1  58 

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POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK. 


17 


9th  month.            SEPTEMBER,    1851.                 30  days. 

MOON'S   PHASES. 

BOSTON. 

NEW  YORK. 

BALTIM'RE. 

CHARLES'N. 

H.          M. 

8  33  mo. 
8  24  mo. 
8     9  mo. 
0  52  mo 

SUN  on  MER1D. 

First  Quarter  •  •  •  • 

D. 

2 
10 
18 
25 

B.        M. 

9     9  mo. 
9     0  mo. 
8  45  mo. 
1  28  mo. 

H.        M. 

8  57  mo. 
8  48  mo. 
8  33  mo. 
1   16  mo. 

B.        M. 

8  46  mo. 
8  37  mo. 
8  22  mo. 
1     5  mo. 

D. 

1 

9 

17 

B.        M.        S. 

morning. 
11  57  18 
11  54  30 
11  51  43 

Third  Quarter 

CALENDAR    FOR 
CHARLESTON ;  N.  CAROLI- 
NA, Tenn.,  Georgia,  Ala., 
Missis.,  and  Louisiana. 

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IS 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK, 


10th  month.                OCTOBER,    1851*                      31  days. 

MOON'S    PHASES. 

BOSTON. 

NEW  YORK. 

BALTIMO'E. 

H.         M. 

9  23  ev. 

1  28  mo. 

7     6  ev. 
10     3  mo. 

2  1]   ev. 

CHARLES'N, 

H.         M. 

9  10  ev. 
1  13  mo. 
6  53  ev. 
9  50  mo. 
1  58  ev. 

SUN  oh  MERID. 

First  Q 
Full  Mo 
Third  Q 
New  M 
First  Q, 

aarter 

on    

uarter-  •  •  • 
)on 

jarter  •  - ■  • 

s. 

1 

10 
17 
24 
31 

U.        M. 

9  46  ev. 

1  49  mo. 
7  29  ev. 

10  26  mo. 

2  34  ev. 

H.         M. 

9  34  ev. 

1  37  mo. 
7  17  ev. 

10  14  mo. 

2  22  ev. 

1    *■ 

1 

!    9 
17 

25 

S.        M.        8. 

11  49  44 
11  47  22 
11  45  28 
11  44  13 

CALENDAR   FOR 
CHARLESTON ;  N.  CAROLI- 
NA, Tenn.,  Georgia,  Ala., 
Missis.,  and  Louisiana. 

a- 

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New  York  State,  Michi'n, 
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POOR  RICHARD'S  ALMANACK. 


19 


llth  MONTH. 


NOVEMBER,    1851 


30  DAYS. 


MOON'S   PHASES. 


Full  Moon  •  • 
Third  Quarter 
New  Moon  •  •  • 
First  Quarter 


6  37  ev. 

4  38  mo. 

9  22  ev. 

10  43  mo. 


6  25  ev. 
4  26  mo. 
9  10  ev. 
10  31  mo. 


BALTIM'RE.  CHARLES'N. 


6  14  ev. 
4  15  mo. 

8  59  ev. 
10  20  mo. 


6     1  ev. 

4     2  mo. 

8  46  ev. 

10     7  mo. 


SUN  on  MERIT). 

D. 
1 

9 

17 
25 

H.   H.   8. 

11  43  44 
11  43  59 
11  45  7 
11  47  9 

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20 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK 


12th  MONTH. 


DECEMBER,    1851 


31  DAYS. 


MOONS    PHASES. 


Full  Moon 
Third  Quarter 
New  Moon 
First  Quarter 


10  43  mo. 

0  42  ev. 
10  50  mo. 

8  31  mo. 


NEW  YORK. 


10  31 
0  30 

10  38 
8  19 


BALTIMO'E.  CHARLES'N. 


H.         M. 

10  20  mo. 

0  19  ev. 
10  27  mo. 

8    8  mo. 


10  7  mo. 

0  6  ev. 

10  14  mo. 

7  55  mo. 


SUN  o*  MERID 


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11  52  31 
11  56  18 
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POOR   RICHARD    FOR    1736. 


PREFACE. 


Loving  Readers, 

Your  kind  acceptance  of  my  former  labours  has  encouraged  me  to  continue 
writing,  tho'  the  general  approbation  you  have  been  so  good  as  to  favour  me  with, 
has  excited  the  envy  of  some,  and  drawn  upon  me  the  malice  of  others.  These  ill- 
willers  of  mine,  despited  at  the  great  reputation  I  gain'd  by  exactly  predicting 
another  man's  death,  have  endeavoured  to  deprive  me  of  it  all  at  once  in  the  most 
effectual  manner,  by  reporting  that  I  myself  was  never  alive.  They  say,  in  short, 
that  there  is  no  such  a  man  as  I  am  ;  and  have  spread  this  notion  so  thoroughly  in 
the  country,  that  I  have  been  frequently  told  it  to  my  face  by  those  that  don't 
know  me.  This  is  not  civil  treatment,  to  endeavour  to  deprive  me  of  my  very  being, 
and  reduce  me  to  a  non-entity  in  the  opinion  of  the  publick.  But  so  long  as  I 
know  myself  to  walk  about,  eat,  drink  and  sleep,  I  am  satisfied  that  there  is  really 
such  a  man  as  lam,  whatever  they  may  say  to  the  contrary.  And  the  world  may 
be  satisfied  likewise,  for  if  there  was  no  such  man  as  I  am,  how  is  it  possible  I 
should  appear  publickly  to  hundreds  of  people,  as  I  have  done  for  several  years 
past,  in  print  ?  I  need  not,  indeed,  have  taken  any  notice  of  so  idle  a  report,  if  it 
had  not  been  for  the  sake  of  my  printer,  to  whom  my  enemies  are  pleased  to  as- 
cribe my  productions ;  and  who  it  seems  is  as  unwillingly  to  father  my  offspring 
as  I  am  to  lose  the  credit  of  it.  Therefore,  to  clear  him  entirely,  as  well  as  to  vin- 
dicate my  own  honour,  I  make  this  publick  and  serious  declaration,  which  I  desire 
may  be  believed,  to  wit :  That  what  I  have  written  heretofore,  and  do  now  write, 
neither  was,  nor  is  written  by  any  other  man  or  men,  per  son  or  persons,  whatsoever. 
Those  who  are  not  satisfied  with  this,  must  needs  be  very  unreasonable. 

My  performance  for  this  year  follows ;  it  submits  itself,  kind  reader,  to  thy  cen- 
sure, but  hopes  (for)  thy  candor,  to  forgive  its  faults.  It  devotes  itself  entirely  to 
thy  service,  and  will  serve  thee  faithfully.  And  if  it  has  the  good  fortune  to  please 
its  master,  'tis  gratification  enough  for  the  labour  of 

poor 

R.  SAUNDERS. 


22  POOR   RICHARD'S   ALMANACK. 

FOLLOWING  THE  PLANET'S  MOTIONS,  IS  THE  FOLLOWING  : 

Presumptuous  man !  the  reason  would' st  thou  find 
Why  formed  so  weak,  so  little,  and  so  blind  ? 
First,  if  thou  canst,  the  harder  reason  guess, 
Why  formed  no  weaker,  blinder,  and  no  less  ? 
Ask  of  thy  mother  earth,  why  oaks  are  made 
Taller  or  stronger  than  the  weeds  they  shade  ? 
Or  ask  of  yonder  argent  fields  above, 
Why  Jove's  sattelites  are  less  than  Jove  ? 


POETRY  FOR  JANUARY. 

Some  have  learn't  many  tricks  of  sly  evasion, 

Instead  of  truth  they  use  equivocation, 

And  eke  it  out  with  mental  reservation, 

Which,  to  good  men,  is  an  abomination. 

Our  smith  of  late  most  wonderfully  swore, 

That  whilst  he  breathed  he  would  drink  no  more, 

But  since,  I  know  his  meaning,  for  I  think 

He  meant  he  would  not  breathe  whilst  he  did  drink 


He  is  no  clown  that  drives  the  plow,  but  he  that  doth  clownish  things. 

If  you  know  how  to  spend  less  than  you  get,  you  have  the  philosopher's-stone 

The  good  pay-master  is  lord  of  another  man's  purse 

Fish  and  visiters  smell  in  three  days. 


POETRY  FOR  FEBRUARY. 

Sam's  wife  provok'd  him  once  ;  he  broke  her  crown, 
The  surgeon's  bill  amounted  to  five  pounds  ; 
Tins  blow  (she  brags)  has  cost  my  husband  dear, 
He'll  ne'er  strike  more,  Sam  chanc'd  to  overhear. 
Therefore,  before  his  wife  the  bill  he  pays, 
And  to  the  surgeon  in  her  hearing,  says : 
Doctor,  you  charge  five  pound,  here  e'en  take  ten, 
My  wife  may  chance  to  want  your  help  again. 


MAXIMS. 

He  that  has  neither  fools  nor  beggars  among  his  kindred,  is  the  son  of 
thunder-gust. 

Diligence  is  the  mother  of  good  luck. 

Do  not  do  that  which  you  would  not  have  known. 


POOR   RICHARD'S    ALMANACK.  23 

POETRY  FOR  MARCH. 

Whate'er's  desired,  knowledge,  fame,  or  pelf, 
Not  one  will  change  his  neighbour  with  himself ; 
The  learn'd  are  happy  nature  to  explore, 
The  fool  is  happy  that  he  knows  no  more. 
The  rich  are  happy  in  the  plenty  given ; 
The  poor  contents  him  with  the  care  of  heaven. 
Thus  does  some  comfort  ev'ry  state  attend, 
And  pride's  bestowed  on  all,  a  common  friend. 


MAXIMS. 

Never  praise  your  cider  or  horse. 

Wealth  is  not  his  that  has  it,  but  his  that  enjoys  it. 

'Tis  easy  to  see,  hard  to  foresee. 

In  a  discreet  man's  mouth  a  publick  thing  is  private. 


POETRY  FOR  APRIL. 

By  nought  is  man  from  beast  distinguished, 
More  than  by  knowledge  in  his  learned  head, 
Then  youth  improve  thy  time,  but  cautious  see 
That  what  thou  learnest  somehow  useful  be ; 
Each  day  improving,  Solon  waxed  old ; 
For  time  he  knew  was  better  far  than  gold : 
Fortune  might  give  him  gold  which  would  decay, 
But  fortune  cannot  give  him — yesterday. 


MAXIMS. 

Let  thy  maid-servant  be  faithful,  strong,  and  homely. 
Keep  flax  from  fire,  youth  from  gaming. 
Bargaining  has  neither  friends  nor  relations. 
Admiration  is  the  daughter  of  ignorance. 
There's  more  old  drunkards,  than  old  doctors. 


POETRY  FOR  MAY. 

Lalus  who  loves  to  hear  himself  discourse, 
Keeps  talking  still  as  if  he  frantick  were, 
And  tho'  himself  might  no  where  hear  a  worse, 
Yet  he  no  other  but  himself  will  hear. 
Stop  not  his  mouth,  if  he  be  troublesome, 
But  stop  bis  ears,  and  then  the  man  is  dumb. 


24  POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK. 

MAXIMS. 

Here  comes  Courage  !  that  seized  the  lion  absent,  and  run  away  from  the  present 

mouse. 
He  that  takes  a  wife  takes  care. 

Nor  eye  in  a  letter,  nor  hand  in  a  purse,  nor  ear  in  the  secret  of  another. 
He  that  buys  by  the  penny,  maintains  not  only  himself,  but  other  people. 


POETRY  FOR  JUNE. 

Things  that  are  bitter,  bitterer  than  gall, 

Physicians  say  are  always  physical : 

Now  women's  tongues  if  into  powder  beaten, 

May  in  a  portion  or  a  pill  be  eaten, 

And  as  there's  nought  more  bitter,  I  do  muse, 

That  women's  tongues  in  physick  they  ne'er  use. 

Myself  and  others  who  lead  restless  lives, 

"Would  spare  that  bitter  member  of  our  wives. 


He  that  can  have  patience  can  have  what  he  will. 

Now  I  have  a  sheep  and  a  cow,  every  body  bids  me  good  morrow. 

God  helps  them  that  help  themselves. 

Why  does  the  blind  man's  wife  paint  herself  ? 

POETRY  FOR  JULY. 

Who  can  charge  Ebrio  with  a  thirst  of  wealth  ? 
See,  he  consumes  his  money,  time,  and  health 
In  drunken  frolicks,  which  will  all  confound, 
Neglects  his  farm,  forgets  to  till  his  ground ; 
His  stock  grows  less  that  might  be  kept  with  ease  ; 
In  nought  but  guts  and  debts  he  finds  increase  ; 
In  town  reels  as  if  he'd  shove  down  each  wall, 
Yet  walls  must  stand,  poor  soul,  or  he  must  falL 


MAXIMS. 

None  preaches  better  than  the  ant,  and  she  says  nothing. 

The  absent  are  never  without  fault,  nor  the  present  without  excuse. 

Gifts  burst  rocks. 

If  wind  blows  on  you  through  a  hole, 

Make  your  will  and  take  care  of  your  soul 

The  rotten  apple  spoils  his  companion. 


POOR   RICHARD'S   ALMANACK.  25 

POETRY  FOR  AUGUST. 

The  tongue  was  once  a  servant  of  the  heart, 
And  what  it  gave  she  freely  did  impart ; 
But,  now  hypocrisy  is  grown  so  strong, 
The  heart's  become  a  servant  to  the  tongue. 
Virtue  we  praise,  but  practice  not  her  good, 
(Athenian-like)  we  act  not  what  we  know, 
As  many  men  do  talk  of  Robin  Hood, 
Who  never  did  shoot  arrow  in  his  bow. 


MAXIMS. 

Don't  throw  stones  at  your  neighbors',  if  your  own  windows  are  glass. 

The  excellency  of  hogs  is — fatness,  of  men — virtue. 

Good  wives  and  good  plantations  are  made  by  good  husbands. 

He  that  sells  upon  trust,  loses  many  friends,  and  always  wants  money. 


POETRY  FOR  SEPTEMBER. 

Briscap,  thou'st  little  judgement  in  thy  head 
More  than  to  dress  thee,  drink  and  go  to  bed  ; 
Yet  thou  shalt  have  the  wall  and  the  way  lead, 
Since  logick  wills  that  simple  things  preceed. 
Walking  and  meeting  one  not  long  ago, 
I  ask'd  who  'twas,  he  said,  he  did  not  know, 
I  said,  I  know  thee  ;  so  said  he,  I  you  ; 
But  he  that  knows  himself  I  never  knew. 


MAXIMS. 

Lovers,  travellers,  and  poets,  will  give  money  to  be  heard. 
He  that  speaks  much,  is  much  mistaken. 
Creditors  have  better  memories  than  debtors. 
Forewarn'd,  forearm'd. 

POETRY  FOR  OCTOBER. 

Whymsical  Will  once  fancy'd  he  was  ill, 

The  Doctor  call'd,  who  thus  examin'd  Will; 

How  is  your  appetite  ?     0,  as  to  that 

I  eat  right  heartily,  you  see  I'm  fat ; 

How  is  your  sleep  anights  ?     'Tis  sound  and  good  ; 

I  eat,  drink,  sleep,  as  well  as  e'er  I  cou'd. 

Will,  says  the  doctor,  clapping  on  his  hat, 

I'll  give  you  something  shall  remove  all  that. 


26  POOR   RICHARD'S    ALMANACK. 

Maxims. 
Three  things  are  men  most  likely  to  be  cheated  in,  a  horse,  a  wig,  and  a  wife. 
He  that  lives  well  is  learned  enough. 

Poverty,  poetry,  and  new  titles  of  honour,  make  men  ridiculous. 
He  that  scatters  thorns,  let  him  not  go  barefoot. 
There's  none  deceived  but  he  that  trusts. 

PROSE  FOR  NOVEMBER. 

When  you  are  sick,  what  you  like  best  is  to  be  chosen  for  a  medicine  in  the 
first  place  ;  what  experience  tells  you  is  best,  to  be  chosen  in  the  second  place  ; 
what  reason  (i.  e.  Theory,)  says  is  best,  is  to  be  chosen  in  the  last  place.  But  if  you 
can  get  Dr.  Inclination,  Dr.  Experience,  and  Dr.  Reason  to  hold  a  consultation 
together,  they  will  give  you  the  best  advice  that  can  be  taken. 


MAXIMS. 

God  heals  and  the  doctor  takes  the  fee. 


If  you  desire  many  things,  many  things  will  seem  but  a  few. 

Mary's  mouth  costs  her  nothing,  for  she  never  opens  it  but  at  others  expence. 

Receive  before  you  write,  but  write  before  you  pay. 

I  saw  few  die  of  hunger,  of  eating — 100,000. 


DECEMBER. 

O  nearer  the  earth  in  winter  than  in  summer,  15046  miles,  (his  lownes  and 
short  appearance  making  winter  cold,)  (§  nearer  in  her  Perigon  than  Apogem, 
69512:  b.  nearer  49868  miles :  1{  nearer  38613  miles :  $  nearer  80608  miles : 
$  nearer  6209  miles  :  £  nearer  181427  miles.  And  yet  £  is  never  distant  from 
the  O  a  whole  sign,  nor  $   two.     You'll  never  find  a  >(c   Q    $  ,  nor  a  □    Q    ?  . 


MAXIMS. 

Maids  of  America,  ivho  gave  you  bad  teeth  t 

Answer.     Hot  soupings  and  frozen  apples. 

Marry  your  daughter  and  eat  fresh  fish  betimes. 

He  that  would  live  in  peace  and  at  ease, 

Must  not  speak  all  he  knews,  nor  judge  all  he  sees.     Adieu. 


In  my  last  year's  Almanack,  I  mentioned  that  the  visible  Eclipses  of  this  year 
^736,  portended  some  great  and  surprising  events  relating  to  these  Northern 
Colonies,  of  which  I  proposed  this  year  to  speak  at  large.  But  as  those  events  are 
not  to  happen  immediately  this  year,  I  chuse  rather,  upon  second  thought,  to  defer 


POOR   RICHARD'S    ALMANACK.  27 

farther  mention  of  them,  till  the  publication  of  my  Almanack  for  that  year  in 
which  they  are  to  happen.  However,  that  tlie  reader  may  not  be  entirely  disappointed, 
here  follow,  for  his  present  amusement,  a  few 

ENIGMATICAL    PROPHECIES, 

Wliich  they  that  do  not  understand,  cannot  well  explain. 

1.  Before  the  middle  of  this  year,  a  wind  at  N.  East  will  arise,  during  which 
the  water  of  the  sea  and  rivers  will  be  in  such  a  manner  raised,  that  great  part 
of  the  towns  of  Boston,  Newport,  New-York,  Philadelphia,  the  low  lands  of 
Maryland  and  Virginia,  and  the  town  of  Charleston  in  South  Carolina  will  be 
under  water.  Happy  will  it  be  for  the  sugar  and  salt,  standing  in  the  cellars  of 
those  places,  if  there  be  tight  roofs  and  cielings  overhead  ;  otherwise  without  being 
a  Conjurer,  a  man  may  easily  foretel  that  such  commodities  will  receive  damage. 

2.  About  the  middle  of  the  year,  great  number  of  vessels  fully  laden,  will  be 
taken  out  of  the  ports  aforesaid,  by  a  power  with  which  we  are  not  now  at  war, 
and  whose  forces  shall  not  be  descried  or  seen,  either  coming  or  going.  But  in 
the  end  this  may  not  be  disadvantageous  to  those  places. 

3.  However,  not  long  after,  a  visible  Army  of  20,000  Musketers  will  land,  some 
in  Virginia  and  Maryland,  and  some  in  the  lower  counties  on  both  sides  of  Delaware, 
who  will  over-run  the  country,  and  sorely  annoy  the  inhabitants  :  But  the  air  in 
this  climate  will  agree  with  them  so  ill  towards  winter,  that  they  will  die  in  the 
beginning  of  cold  weather  like  rotten  sheep,  and  by  Christmas  the  inhabitants  will 
get  the  better  of  them. 

Note, — In  my  next  Almanack  these  Enigmatical  Prophecies  will  be  explained. 


AFTER  A  LIST  OF  COURTS  IS  THE  FOLLOWING : 

For  gratitude  there's  none  exceed  'em, 

(Their  clients  know  this  when  they  bleed  'em,) 

Since  they  who  give  most  for  their  laws, 

Have  most  return'd,  and  carry  th'  Cause. 

All  know,  except  an  arrant  Tory, 

That  Right  and  Wrong  's  meer  Ceremony, 

It  is  enough  that  the  law  jargon, 

Gives  the  best  bidder  the  best  bargain. 


POOR  RICHARD    FOR   1737. 


PREFACE. 


Courteous  axd  kind  Reader, 

This  is  the  fifth  time  I  have  appeared  in  publick,  chalking  out  the  future  year 
for  my  honest  countrymen,  and  foretelling  what  shall,  and  what  may,  and  what 
may  not  come  to  pass  ;  in  which  I  have  the  pleasure  to  find  that  I  have  given 
general  satisfaction.  Indeed,  among  the  multitude  of  our  astrological  predictions, 
'tis  no  wonder  if  some  few  fail ;  for,  without  any  defect  in  the  art  itself,  'tis  well 
known  that  a  small  error,  a  single  wrong  figure  overseen  in  a  calculation,  may 
occasion  great  mistakes  :  But,  however,  we  Almanack-makers  may  miss  it  in  other 
things,  I  believe  it  will  generally  be  allowed  that  we  always  hit  the  day  of  the 
month,  and  that  I  suppose  is  esteem'd  one  of  the  most  useful  things  in  an  Almanack. 

As  to  the  weather,  if  I  was  to  fall  into  the  method  my  brother  J n  some- 
times uses,  and  tel]  you,  Snow  here,  or  in  New-England, — Rain  here,  or  in  South 
Carolina, — Cold  to  the  northward, —  Warm  to  the  southward,  and  the  like,  whatever 
errors  I  might  commit,  I  should  be  something  more  secure  of  not  being  detected  in 
them  :  But  I  consider  it  will  be  of  no  service  to  any  body  to  know  what  weather 
it  is  1000  miles  off,  and  therefore  I  always  set  down  positively  what  weather  my 
reader  will  have,  be  he  where  he  will  at  the  time.  "We  modestly  desire  only  the 
favourable  allowance  of  a  day  or  two  before,  and  a  day  or  two  after  the  precise  day 
against  which  the  weather  is  set ; — and  if  it  does  not  come  to  pass  accordingly,  let 
the  fault  be  laid  upon  the  printer,  who,  'tis  very  like,  may  have  transposed  or 
misplac'd  it,  perhaps  for  the  conveniency  of  putting  in  his  holidays :  and  since,  in 
spight  of  all  I  can  say,  people  will  give  him  great  part  of  the  credit  of  making  my 
Almanacks,  'tis  but  reasonable  he  should  take  some  share  of  the  blame. 

I  must  not  here  omit  to  thank  the  publick  for  the  gracious  and  kind  encourage- 
ment they  have  hitherto  given  me  : — But  if  the  generous  purchaser  of  my  labours 
could  see  how  often  his  Fi'pence  helps  to  fight  up  the  comfortable  fire,  line  the  pot, 
fill  the  cup  and  make  glad  the  heart  of  a  poor  man,  and  an  honest  good  old  woman, 
he  would  not  think  his  money  ill  laid  out,  though  the  Almanack  of  his  friend  and 
servant, 

R.  SAUNDERS, 
were  one  half  blank  paper. 


POOR   RICHARD'S    ALMANACK.  29 

HINTS  TO  THOSE  THAT  WOULD  BE  RICH. 

The  use  of  money  is  all  the  advantage  there  is  in  having  money. 

For  6£  a  year  you  may  have  use  of  100£,  if  you  are  a  man  of  known  prudence 
and  honesty. 

He  that  spends  a  groat  a-day  idly,  spends  idly  above  6£  a  year,  which  is  the 
price  of  using  100£. 

He  that  wastes  idly  a  groat's  worth  of  liis  time  per  day,  one  day  with  another, 
wastes  the  privilege  of  using  100£  each  day. 

He  that  idly  loses  5s.  worth  of  time,  loses  5s.,  and  might  as  prudently  throw 
5  s.  into  the  river. 

He  that  loses  5s.  not  only  loses  that  sum,  but  all  the  other  advantage  that 
might  be  made  by  turning  it  in  dealing,  which,  by  the  time  a  young  man  becomes 
old,  amounts  to  a  comfortable  bag  of  money. 

Again,  He  that  sells  upon  credit,  asks  a  price  for  what  he  sells  equivalent  to 
the  principal  and  interest  of  his  money  for  the  time  he  is  like  to  be  kept  out  of 
it ; — therefore, 

He  that  buys  upon  credit  pays  interest  for  what  he  buys, 

And  he  that  pays  ready  money,  might  let  that  money  out  to  use  ;  so  that 

He  that  possesses  anything  he  has  bought,  pays  interest  for  the  use  of  it. 

Consider  then,  when  you  are  tempted  to  buy  any  unnecessary  household  stuff, 
or  any  superfluous  thing,  whether  you  will  be  willing  to  pay  interest,  and  interest 
upon  interest  for  it  as  long  as  you  live,  and  more  if  it  grows  worse  by  using. 

Yet,  in  buying  goods,  'tis  best  to  pay  ready  money,  because, 

He  that  sells  upon  credit,  expects  to  lose  5  per  cent,  by  bad  debts  ;  therefore 
he  charges  on  all  he  sells  upon  credit,  an  advance  that  shall  make  up  that  de- 
ficiency. 

Those  who  pay  for  what  they  buy  upon  credit,  pay  their  share  of  this  advance. 

He  that  pays  ready  money,  escapes,  or  may  escape,  that  charge. 

A  penny  saved  is  two  pence  clear.  A  pin  a-day  is  a  groat  a-year.  Save 
and  have. 

Every  little  makes  a  mickle. 


POETRY  FOR  JANUARY. 

God  offer'd  to  the  Jews  salvation, 
And  'twas  refus'd  by  half  the  nation : 
Thus  (tho'  'tis  life's  great  preservation,) 
Many  oppose  innoculation. 
We  're  told  by  one  of  the  black  robe, 
The  devil  innoculated  Job : 
Suppose  'tis  true,  what  he  does  tell ; 
Pray,  neighbours,  did  not  Job  do  well  ? 


30  BOOR   RICHARD'S    ALMANACK, 

MAXIMS 

The  master-piece  of  man,  is  to  live  to  the  purpose. 
He  that  steals  the  old  man's  supper  do's  him  no  wrong. 


POETRY  FOR  FEBRUARY. 

The  Thracian  infant,  entering  into  life, 
Both  parents  mourn  for,  both  receive  with  grief; 
The  Thracian  infant  snatched  by  Death  away, 
Both  parents  to  the  grave  with  joy  convey. 
This  Greece  and  Rome  you  with  derision  view, 
This  is  meer  Thracian  ignorance  to  you ; 
But  if  you  weigh  the  custom  you  despise, 
This  Thracian  ignorance  may  teach  the  wise. 


MAXIMS. 

A  countryman  between  two  lawyers,  is  like  a  fish  between  two  cats. 
He  that  can  take  rest  is  greater  than  he  that  can  take  cities. 
The  miser's  cheese  is  wholesomest. 


POETRY  FOR  MARCH. 

Doris  a  widow  past  her  prime, 

Her  spouse  long  dead,  her  wailing  doubles ; 
Her  real  griefs  increase  by  time  ; 

What  might  abate,  improves  her  troubles. 
Those  pangs  her  prudent  hopes  supprest, 

Impatient  now  she  cannot  smother, 
How  should  the  helpless  woman  rest  ? 

One's  gone  ; — nor  can  she  get  another. 


MAXIMS. 

Love  and  Lordship  hate  companions. 

The  nearest  way  to  come  at  glory,  is  to  do  that  for  conscience  which  we  do  for 

glory. 
There  is  much  money  given  to  be  laught  at,  though  the  purchasers  don't  know  it ; 

witness  A's  fine  horse,  and  B's  fine  house. 


POETRY  FOR  APRIL. 

A  nymph  and  a  swain  to  Apollo  once  prayed, 

The  swain  had  been  jilted,  the  nymph  been  betray 'd ; 

They  came  for  to  try  if  his  oracle  knew, 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK.  31 

E'er  a  nymph  that  was  chaste,  or  a  swain  that  was  true. 
Apollo  stood  mute,  and  had  like  t'  have  been  pos'd, 
At  length  he  thus  sagely  the  question  disclos'd ; 
He  alone  may  be  true  in  whom  none  will  confide, 
And  the  nymph  may  be  chaste  that  has  never  been  try'd. 


MAXIMS. 

He  that  can  compose  liimself,  is  wiser  than  he  that  composes  books. 
Poor  Dick  eats  like  a  well  man,  and  drinks  like  a  sick. 
After  crosses  and  losses,  men  grow  humbler  and  wiser. 
Love,  cough,  and  a  smoke,  can't  well  be  hid. 


POETRY  FOR  MAY. 

Rich  G-ripe  does  all  his  thoughts  and  cunning  bend 
T'  increase  that  wealth  he  wants  the  soul  to  spend, 
Poor  Shifter  does  his  whole  contrivance  set, 
To  spend  that  wealth  he  wants  the  sense  to  get 
How  happy  would  appear  to  each  his  fate, 
Had  Gripe  his  humour,  or  he  Gripe's  estate  ? 
Kind  fate  and  fortune,  blend  'em  if  you  can, 
And  of  two  vrretches  make  one  happy  man. 


MAXIMS. 

"Well  done  is  better  than  well  said. 

Fine  linnen,  girls  and  gold  so  bright, 

Chuse  not  to  take  by  candle  light. 

He  that  can  travel  well  a-foot,  keeps  a  good  horse. 

There  are  no  ugly  loves,  nor  handsome  prisons. 

No  better  relation  than  a  prudent  and  faithful  friend. 


POETRY  FOR  JUNE. 

Boy,  bring  a  bowl  of  china  here, 
Fill  it  with  water  cool  and  clear ; 
Decanter  with  Jamaica  ripe, 
And  spoon  of  silver,  clean  and  bright, 
Sugar  twice-fin'd  in  pieces  cut, 
Knife,  sieve,  and  glass  in  order  put, 
Bring  forth  the  fragrant  fruit,  and  then 
We'er  happy  till  the  clock  strikes  ten. 


32  POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK. 

MAXIMS. 

A  traveller  should  have  a  hog's  nose,  deer's  legs  and  an  ass's  back 
At  the  working  mans  house  hunger  looks  in,  but  dares  not  enter. 
A  good  lawyer,  a  bad  neighbour. 

POETRY  FOR  JULY. 

Impudent  Jack,  who  now  lives  by  his  shifts, 
Borrowing  of  driblets,  boldly  begging  gifts, 
For  twenty  shillings  lent  him  t'other  day, 
(By  one  who  ne'er  expected  he  would  pay,) 
On  his  friend's  paper  fain  a  note  wou'd  write ; 
His  friend,  as  needless,  did  refuse  it  quite  ; 
Paper  was  scarce,  and  'twas  too  hard,  it's  true, 
To  part  with  cash,  and  lose  his  paper  too. 


MAXIMS. 

Certainlie  these  things  agree,  the  priest,  the  lawyer,  and  death,  all  three 

Death  takes  both  the  weak  and  the  strong, 

The  lawyer  takes  from  both  right  and  wrong, 

And  the  priest  from  the  living  and  dead  has  his  fee. 

The  worst  wheel  of  the  cart  makes  the  most  noise. 


POETRY  FOR  AUGUST. 

On  his  death  bed  poor  Lubin  lies  ; 

His  spouse  is  in  despair ; 
With  frequent  sobs,  and  mutual  cries 

They  both  express  their  care. 
A  diff  rent  cause,  says  parson  Sly, 

The  same  effect  may  give, 
Poor  Lubin  fears  that  he  shall  die  ; 

His  wife — that  he  may  live. 


MAXIMS. 

Don't  misinform  your  doctor  nor  your  lawyer. 

I  never  saw  an  oft-transplanted  tree, 

Nor  yet  an  oft-removed  family, 

That  throve  so  well  as  those  that  settled  be. 


POETRY  FOR  SEPTEMBER. 

To-morrow  you'll  reform,  you  always  cry  ; 
In  what  far  country  does  this  morrow  he, 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK.  33 

That  'tis  so  mighty  long  ere  it  arrive  ? 
Beyond  the  Indies  does  this  morrow  live  ? 
'Tis  so  far-fetched,  this  morrow,  that  I  fear 
'Twill  be  both  very  old,  and  very  dear. 
Tomorrow  I'll  reform,  the  fool  does  say  ; 
To-day  itself 's  too  late  ; — the  wise  did  yesterday. 


MAXIMS. 

Let  the  letter  stay  for  the  post,  and  not  the  post  for  the  letter. 

Three  good  meals  a  day  is  bad  living. 

'Tis  better  leave  for  an  enemy  at  one's  death,  than  beg  of  a  friend  in  one's  life. 

To  whom  thy  secret  thou  dost  tell, 

To  him  thy  freedom  thou  dost  sell. 


POETRY  FOR  OCTOBER. 
On  T.  T.  who  destroyed  his  Landlord's  fine  wood. 
Indulgent  nature  to  each  kind  bestows, 
A  secret  instinct  to  discern  its  foes : 
The  goose,  a  silly  bird,  avoids  the  fox ; 
Lambs  fly  from  wolves  ;  and  sailors  steer  from  rocks ; 
A  rogue  the  gallows,  as  his  fate,  forsees, 
And  bears  the  like  antipathy  to  trees. 


MAXIMS. 

If  you'd  have  a  servant  that  you  like,  serve  yourself. 

He  that  pursues  two  hares  at  once,  does  not  catch  one  and  lets  t'other  go. 

If  you  want  a  neat  wife,  chuse  her  on  a  Saturday. 

If  you  have  time,  don't  wait  for  time. 


POETRY  FOR  NOVEMBER. 

You  say  you'll  spend  five  hundred  pound, 

The  world  and  men  to  know, 
And  take  a  tour  all  Europe  round, 

Improving  as  you  go. 
Dear  Sam,  in  search  of  other's  sense, 

Discover  not  your  own  ; 
But  wisely  double  the  expence, 

That  you  may  pass  unknown. 


31  POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK 


Tell  a  nuser  he's  rich,  and  a  woman  she's  old,  you'll  get  no  money  of  one,  nor 

kindness  of  t'other. 
Don't  go  to  the  doctor  with  every  distemper,  nor  to  the  lawyer  with  every  quarrel, 

nor  to  the  pot  for  every  thirst. 


POETRY  FOR  DECEMBER. 

Women  are  books,  and  men  the  readers  be, 

Who  sometimes  in  those  books  erratas  see  ; 

Yet  oft  the  reader's  raptured  with  each  line, 

Fair  print  and  paper,  fraught  with  sense  divine  ; 

Tho'  some,  neglectful,  seldom  care  to  read, 

And  faithful  wives  no  more  than  bibles  heed. 

Are  women  books  ?  says  Hodge,  then  would  mine  were 

An  Almanack,  to  change  her  eveiy  year. 


MAXIMS. 

The  creditors  are  a  superstitious  sect,  great  observers  of  set  days  and  times. 
The  noblest  question  in  the  world  is,  What  good  may  I  do  in  it? 
Nee  sibi,  sed  toto,  genitum  se  credere  mundo. 
Nothing  so  popular  as  goodness. 


In  my  last  I  published  some  Enigmatical  Prophecies,  which  I  did  not  expect 
any  one  would  take  for  serious  predictions.  The  explanation  I  promised  follows, 
viz : 

1.  The  water  of  the  sea  and  rivers  is  raised  in  vapours  by  the  sun,  is  form'd 
into  clouds  in  the  air,  and  thence  descends  in  rain.  Now  when  there  is  rain  over- 
head (which  frequently  happens  when  the  wind  is  at  N.  E.)  the  cities  and  places  on 
the  earth  below,  are  certainly  under  water. 

2.  The  power  with  which  we  were  not  then  at  war,  but  which,  it  was  said,  would 
take  many  full  laden  vessels  out  of  our  ports  before  the  end  of  the  year,  is  the 
Wind,  whose  forces  also  are  not  descried  either  coming  or  going. 

3.  The  army  which  it  was  said  would  land  in  Virginia,  Maryland,  and  the 
lower  counties  on  Delaware,  were  not  Musketeers  with  guns  on  their  shoulders 
as  some  expected ;  but  their  namesakes,  in  pronunciation,  tho'  truly  6pelt 
Moschitos,  arm'd  only  with  a  sharp  sting.  Every  one  knows  they  are  fish  before 
they  fly,  being  bred  in  the  water ;  and  therefore  may  properly  be  said  to  laiid 
before  thev  become  generally  troublesome. 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK 


35 


A  WONDERFUL  PROPHECY. 
For  January,  1737,  which  consists  entirely  of  odd  figures. 

E'er  of  this  odd  odd  year  one  month  has  roll'd, 
What  wonders,  reader,  shall  the  world  behold  ! 
Four  kings  with  mighty  force  shall  Albion's  isle 
Infest  with  wars  and  tumults  for  a- while  ; 
Then  some  shall  unexpected  treasures  gain, 
While  some  mourn  o'er  an  empty  purse  in  vain : 
And  many  a  Christian's  heart  shall  ake  for  fear, 
When  they  the  dreadful  sound  of  trump  shall  hear. 
Dead  bones  shall  then  be  tumbled  up  and  down, 
In  every  city  and  in  every  town. 


RATTLE-SNAKE  HERB. 

The  Indians  long  made  a  secret  of  the  herb  they  used  in 
curing  the  bite  of  that  venomous  reptile  a  Rattlesnake  ;  I  hope 
it  will  be  an  acceptable  service  to  these  parts  of  the  world,  if  I 
make  it  publick  by  the  following  description,  with  the  figure 
of  a  leaf  of  it. 

The  top  and  branches  of  the  plant,  are  thick  set  with 
small  yellow  flowers  in  August  and  September.  It  is  a  species 
of  Golden-Rod,  known  from  the  other  sorts  by  the  smoothness 
of  the  leaf,  and  its  pungent  taste,  and  occasioning  when  chewed 
and  swallow'd,  a  small  stoppage  of  the  breath,  and  contraction 
in  the  thoat ;  and  the  stalk  which  is  in  some  places  less  than 
a  yard  in  height  when  at  full  growth,  in  others  more,  is  of  a 
dull  purple  colour,  and  smooth,  and  cover'd  with  a  fine  blue 
dust,  like  that  on  many  of  the  English  plums.  It  grows  in 
most  woodlands,  but  under  the  shade  of  trees  is  seldom  rank 
111  J  1111  IIP  or  large>  or  witn  more  than  one,  two,  or  three  stalks.  It  is 
also  found  on  the  banks  of  dry  ditches,  and  sometimes  in  them 
and  in  hedge-rows.  But  it  is  most  luxuriant  near  to  run-sides, 
if  the  soil  be  rich,  and  not  too  moist,  nor  too  much  shaded. 
The  root  continues  over  the  winter,  and  if  set  in  a  good  garden, 
will   send   forth  (in  the  2d  or  3d   year,)  at   least  50  stalks. 

The  Indians  use  it  variously ;  sometimes  they  bruise  it 
between  stones,  and  sometimes  chew  it  and  spit  in  the  patient's 
mouth,  some  lay  it  to  the  wound,  others  about  the  wound,  some- 
times they  boil  it  and  give  the  water  to  drink,  washing  the 
wound  with  it  likewise ;  but  always  some  of  it  is  to  be  swal- 
lowed, either  with  the  spittle  or  with  water. 
The  leaf  figur'd  in  the  margin  is  one  of  the  largest ;  for  the  most  part  they  are 
not  near  so  big  though  the  shape  be  the  same. 


POOR  RICHARD    FOR   1738. 


PREFACE    BY    MISTRESS    SAUNDERS 


Dear  Readers, 

My  good  man  set  out  last  week  for  Potowmack,  to  vist  an  old  stargazer  of  his 
acquaintance,  and  to  see  about  a  little  place  for  us  to  settle  and  end  our  days  on. 
He  left  a  copy  of  his  Almanack  seal'd  up,  and  bid  me  send  it  to  the  press.  I 
suspected  something,  and  therefor,  as  soon  as  he  was  gone,  I  open'd  it,  to  see  if  he 
had  not  been  flinging  some  of  his  old  skitts  at  me.  Just  as  I  thought,  so  it  was. 
And  truly  (for  want  of  somewhat  else  to  say,  I  suppose,)  he  had  put  into  his 
preface,  that  his  wife  Bridget  was  this,  and  that,  and  t'other.  What  a  peasecods  ! 
cannot  I  have  a  little  fault  or  two,  but  all  the  country  must  see  it  in  print !  They 
have  already  been  told,  at  one  time  that  I  am  proud,  another  time  that  I  am  loud, 
and  that  I  have  got  a  new  petticoat,  and  abundance  of  that  kind  of  stuff;  and  now 
forsooth !  all  the  world  must  know,  that  poor  Dick's  wife  has  lately  taken  a  fancy 
to  drink  a  little  tea  now  and  then.  A  mighty  matter  truly,  to  make  a  song  of! 
Tis  true  I  had  a  little  tea  of  a  present  from  the  Printer  last  year ;  and  what,  must 
a-body  throw  it  away  ?  In  short,  I  thought  the  preface  was  not  worth  a-printing, 
and  so  I  fairly  scratch'd  it  all  out,  and  I  believe  you'll  like  our  Almanack  never  the 
worse  for  it. 

Upon  looking  over  the  months,  I  see  he  has  put  in  abundance  of  foul  weather 
this  year  ;  and  therefor  I  have  scattered  here  and  there,  where  I  could  find  room, 
some  fair,  pleasant,  sunshiny,  &c,  for  the  good  women  to  dry  their  clothes  in.  If 
it  does  not  come  to  pass  according  to  my  desire,  I  have  shown  my  goodwill,  how- 
ever ;  and  I  hope  they  '11  take  it  in  good  part. 

I  had  a  design  to  make  some  other  corrections ;  and  particularly  to  change 
some  of  the  verses  that  I  don't  very  well  like  ;  but  I  have  just  now  unluckily  broke 
my  spectacles ;  which  obliges  me  to  give  it  you  as  it  is,  and  conclude. 

Your  loving  friend, 

BRIDGET  SAUNDERS. 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK.  37 

UNDER  THE  HEAD  OF  ECLIPSES,  APPEARS  THE  FOLLOWING  : 

You  will  excuse  me  dear  readers,  that  I  afford  you  no  eclipses  of  the  moon 
this  year.     The  truth  is,  I  do  not  find  they  do  you  any  good. 

When  there  is  one  you  are  apt  in  observing  it  to  expose  yourselves  too  much 
and  too  long  to  the  night  air,  whereby  great  numbers  of  you  catch  cold.  Which 
was  the  case  last  year,  to  my  very  great  concern.  However,  if  you  will  promise 
to  take  more  care  of  yourselves,  you  shall  have  a  fine  one  to  stare  at  the  year  after 
next. 


POETRY  FOR  JANUARY. 

Dick's  wife  was  sick,  and  pos'd  the  doctor's  skill, 
Who  diflfcr'd  how  to  cure  th'  inveterate  ill. 
Purging  the  one  prescribed.     No,  quoth  another, 
That  will  do  neither  good  nor  harm  my  brother, 
Bleeding's  the  only  way  ;  t'was  quick  reply'd, 
That's  certain  death  ;  but  e'en  let  Dick  decide. 
"  Fse  no  great  skill,"  quo'  Richard,  "  by  the  Hood, 
But  I  think  bleeding's  like  to  do  most  good" 


MAXIMS. 

There  are  three  faithful  friends — an  old  wife,  an  old  dog,  and  ready  money. 
Great  talkers  should  be  crop'd,  for  they  have  no  need  of  ears. 
If  you  would  have  your  shoes  last,  put  no  nails  in  'em. 
Who  has  deceiv'd  thee  so  oft  as  thyself? 


POETRY  FOR  FEBRUARY. 

In  Christendom  we  all  are  christians  now, 

And  thus  I  answer,  if  you  ask  me  how ; 

Where  with  Christ's  rules  our  lives  will  not  comply, 

We  bend  it  like  a  rule  of  lead,  say  I ; 

Makiug  it  thus  comply  with  what  we  be, 

And  only  thus  our  fives  with  th'  rule  agree. 

But  from  our  fathers  we've  the  name  perchance, 

So  as  our  king  is  called  the  king  of  France. 


MAXIMS. 

Is  there  anything  men  take  more  pains  about  than  to  make  themselves  unhappy  ? 
Nothing  brings  more  pain  than  too  much  pleasure  ;   nothing  more  bondage  than 

too  much  liberty,  (or  libertinism.) 
Read  much,  but  not  too  many  books. 


38  POOR   RICHARD'S    ALMANACK. 


PROSE  FOR  MARCH. 


Jack's  wife  was  bora  iu  Wiltshire,  brought  up  iu  Cumberland,  led  much  of  her 
life  in  Bedfordshire,  sent  her  husband  into  Huntingtonshire  hi  order  to  send  him 
into  Buckinghamshire.  But  he  took  courage  in  Hartfordshire,  and  carried  her  in- 
to Staffordshire,  or  else  he  might  have  lived  and  died  in  Shrewsbury. 


MAXIMS. 

He  that  would  have  a  short  Lent,  let  him  borrow  money  to  be  repaid  at  Easter 
"Write  with  the  learned,  pronounce  with  the  vulgar. 
Fly  pleasures,  and  they'll  follow  you. 


POETRY  FOR  APRIL. 

That  all  from  Adam  first  begun, 
t^  Since  none  but  Whiston  doubts, 

c  And  that  his  son,  and  his  son's  son 

O  Were  ploughmen,  clowns  and  louts  ; 

2  Here  lies  the  only  difference  now, 

Some  shot  off  late,  some  soon  ; 
^  Your  sires  i'th'  morning  left  the  plow, 

And  ours  i'th'  afternoon. 


MAXIMS. 

Csesar  did  not  merit  the  triumphal  car  more  than  he  that  conquers  himself. 
Hast  thou  virtue  ? — acquire  also  the  graces  and  beauties  of  virtue. 
Buy  what  thou  hast  no  need  of,  and  e'er  long  thou  shalt  sell  thy  necessaries. 
If  thou  hast  wit  and  learning,  add  to  it  wisdom  and  modesty. 


A  FRUGAL  THOUGHT. 


In  an  acre  of  land  are  43,560  square  feet. 

In  100  acres  are  4,356,000  square  feet ; 

Twenty  pounds  will  buy  100  acres  of  the  proprietor. 

In  £20  are  4,800  pence ;  by  which  divide  the 

Number  of  feet  in  100  acres  ;  and  you  will  find 

That  one  penny  will  buy  907  square  feet ;  or 

A  lot  of  30  feet  square. — Save  your  pence. 


MAXIMS. 

You  may  be  more  happy  than  princes,  if  you  will  be  more  virtuous. 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK.  39 

If  you  would  not  be  forgotten,  as  soon  as  you  are  dead  and  rotten,  either  write 

things  worth  reading,  or  do  things  worth  the  writing. 
Sell  not  virtue  to  purchase  wealth,  nor  liberty  to  purchase  power. 


POETKY  FOR  JUNE. 
Epitaph  on  a  talkative  Old  Maid. 
Beneath  this  silent  stone  is  laid, 
A  noisy,  antiquated  maid, 
Who,  from  her  cradle  talk'd  'till  death, 
And  ne'er  before  was  out  of  breath. 
Whither  she's  gone  we  cannot  tell ; 

For  if  she  talks  not,  she's  in ! 

If  she's  in ,  she's  there  unblest 

Because  she  hates  a  place  of  rest. 


MAXIMS. 

Let  thy  vices  die  before  thee. 

Keep  your  eyes  wide  open  before  marriage,  half  shut  afterwards. 

The  ancients  tell  us  what  is  best :  but  we  must  learn  of  the  moderns  what  is  fittest. 


POETRY  FOR  JULY. 

One  month  a  lawyer,  thou  the  next  will  be 
A  grave  physician,  and  the  third  a  priest : 
Chuse  quickly  one  profession  of  the  three, 
Marry'd  to  her  thou  yet  may'st  court  the  rest. 
Resolve  at  once ;  deliberate  no  more  ; 
Leap  in,  and  stand  not  shiv'ring  on  the  shore. 
On  any  one  amiss  thou  can'st  not  fall ; 
Thou'lt  end  in  nothing,  if  thou  grasps  at  all. 


MAXIMS. 

Since   I  cannot  govern  my  own  tongue  tho'  within  my  own  teeth,  how  can  I 

hope  to  govern  the  tongues  of  others  ? 
Tis  less  discredit  to  abridge  petty  charges,  than  to  stoop  to  petty  gettings. 
Since  thou  art  not  sure  of  a  minute,  throw  not  away  an  hour. 


POETRY  FOR  AUGUST. 

While  faster  than  his  costive  brain  indites, 
Philo's  quick  hand  in  flowing  nonsense  writes, 


40  rOOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK. 

His  case  appears  to  me  like  honest  Teague's, 
When  he  was  run  away  with  by  bis  legs. 
Phcebus,  give  Philo  o'er  himself  command  ; 
Quicken  his  senses,  or  restrain  his  hand; 
Let  him  be  kept  from  paper,  pen  and  ink ; 
So  he  may  cease  to  write  and  learn  to  think. 


MAXIMS. 

If  you  do  what  you  should  not,  you  must  hear  what  you  would  not. 

Defer  not  thy  well  doing  ;  be  not  like  St.  George,  who  is  always  a-horseback,  and 

never  rides  on. 
"Wish  not  so  much  to  live  long,  as  to  live  well 


POETRY  FOR  SEPTEMBER. 
These  lines  may  be  read  backward  or  forward. 
Joy,  Mirth,  Triumph,  I  do  defie  ; 
Destroy  me  death  fain  would  I  die  : 
Forlorn  am  I,  love  is  exil'd, 
Scorn  smiles  thereat ;  hope  is  beguil'd, 

Men  banish'd  bliss,  in  woe  must  dwell, 
Then  joy,  mirth,  triumph,  all  farewell. 


MAXIMS. 

As  we  must  account  for  every  idle  word,  so  we  must  for  every  idle  silence. 

I  have  never  seen  the  Philosopher's  stone  that  turns  lead  into  gold,  but  I  have 

known  the  pursuit  of  it  turn  a  man's  gold  into  lead. 
Never  intreat  a  servant  to  dwell  with  thee. 


POETRY  FOR  OCTOBER. 
A  doubtful  meaning. 

The  female  kind  is  counted  ill : 

And  is  indeed  :  the  contrary  ; — 

No  man  can  find  :  that  hurt  they  will 

But  every  where  :  shew  charity : 

To  nobody  ;  malicious  still ; 

In  word  or  deed :  believe  you  me. 


MAXIMS. 

Time  is  an  herb  that  cures  all  diseases. 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK.  41 

Reading  makes  a  full  man — meditation  a  profound  man — discourse  a  clear  man. 
If  any  man  flatters  me,  I'll  flatter  him  again,  though  he  were  my  best  friend. 


POETRY  FOR  NOVEMBER. 

A  monster  in  a  course  of  vice  grown  old, 
Leaves  to  his  gaping  heir  his  ill  gain'd  gold  ; 
The  preacher  fee'd,  strait  are  his  virtues  shown  ; 
And  render'd  lasting  by  the  sculptur'd  stone. 
If  on  the  stone  or  sermon  we  rely, 
Pity  a  worth  like  his,  should  ever  die  I 
If  credit  to  his  real  life  we  give, 
Pity  a  wretch  like  him,  should  ever  live. 


MAXIMS. 

Wish  a  miser  long  life,  and  you  wish  him  no  good. 

None  but  the  well-bred  man  knows  how  to  confess  a  fault,  or  acknowledge  himself 

in  an  error. 
Drive  thy  business  ; — let  not  that  drive  thee. 
There  is  much  difference  between  imitating  a  good  man,  and  counterfeiting  him. 


POETRY  FOR  DECEMBER. 

The  wise  man  says,  it  is  a  wise  man's  part 

To  keep  his  tongue  close  prisoner  in  his  heart. 

If  he  then  be  a  fool  whose  thought  denies 

There  is  a  God,  how  desp'rately  unwise, 

How  much  more  fool  is  he,  whose  language  shall 

Proclaim  in  public,  there's  no  God  at  all : 

What  then  are  they,  nay  fools  in  what  degree, 

WThose  actions  shall  maintain't  ? — Such  fools  are  we. 


MAXIMS. 

Wink  at  small  faults — remember  thou  hast  great  ones. 
Eat  to  please  thyself,  but  dress  to  please  others. 
Search  others  for  their  virtues,  thyself  for  thy  vices. 
Never  spare  the  parson's  wine,  nor  baker's  pudding. 
Each  year  one  vicious  habit  rooted  out, 
In  time  might  make  the  worst  man  good  throughout. 


Ready  money  for  OLD  RA  GS  may  be  had  of  the  printer  hereof;  by  whom  is 
made  and  sold  very  good  LAMPBLA  CK. 


MEMOIRS 


THE    LIFE    OF 


BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 


WRITTEN  BY  HIMSELF. 


Seest  thou  a  man  diligent  in  his  calling,  he  shall  stand  before  kings, 

HE  SHALL  NOT  STAND  BEFORE  MEAN  MEN." Proverbs  of  Solomon. 


ILLUSTRATED    EDITION. 


NEW- YORK: 
JOHN  DOGGETT  Jr.,  59  LIBERTY-STREET, 

COR.  LIBERTY  PLACE. 

1850. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1850, 

BY  JOHN  DOGG-ETT  Jr., 

[n  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  for  the  Southern 

District  of  New- York. 


MEMOIRS    OF    FRANKLIN.  45 

There  was  another  bookish  lad  in  the  town,  John  Collins  by  name, 
with  whom  I  was  intimately  acquainted.  "VVe  sometimes  disputed, 
and  very  fond  we  were  of  argument,  and  very  desirous  of  confuting 
one  another,  which  disputatious  turn,  by-the-way,  is  apt  to  become  a 
very  bad  habit,  making-  people  often  extremely  disagreeable  in  com- 
pany by  the  contradiction  that  is  necessary  to  bring  it  into  practice  ; 
and  thence,  besides  souring  and  spoiling  the  conversation,  it  is  pro- 
ductive of  disgusts,  and  perhaps  enmities,  with  those  who  may  have 
occasion  for  friendship.  I  had  caught  this  by  reading  my  father's 
books  of  disputes  on  religion.  Persons  of  good  sense,  I  have  since 
observed,  seldom  fall  into  it,  except  lawyers,  university  men,  and, 
generally,  men  of  all  sorts  who  have  been  bred  at  Edinburgh. 

A  question  was  once,  some  how  or  other,  started  between  Collins 
and  me,  on  the  propriety  of  educating  the  female  sex  in  learning,  and 
their  abilities  for  study.  He  was  of  opinion  that  it  was  improper,  and 
that  they  were  naturally  unequal  to  it.  I  took  the  contrary  side, 
perhaps  a  little  for  dispute's  sake.  He  was  naturally  more  eloquent, 
having  a  greater  plenty  of  words  ;  and  sometimes,  as  I  thought,  I 
was  vanquished  more  by  his  fluency  than  by  the  strength  of  his  rea- 
sons. As  we  parted  without  settling  the  point,  and  were  not  to  see 
one  another  again  for  some  time,  I  sat  down  to  put  my  arguments  in 
writing,  which  I  copied  fair  and  sent  to  him.  He  answered,  and  I 
replied.  Three  or  four  letters  on  a  side  had  passed,  when  my  father 
happened  to  find  my  papers  and  read  them.  Without  entering  into 
the  subject  in  dispute,  he  took  occasion  to  talk  to  me  about  my  man- 
ner of  writing ;  observed  that,  though  I  had  the  advantage  of  my 
antagonist  in  correct  spelling  and  pointing,  (which  he  attributed  to 
the  printing-house,)  I  fell  far  short  in  elegance  of  expression,  in  me- 
thod, and  in  perspicuity,  of  which  he  convinced  me  by  several 
instances.  I  saw  the  justice  of  his  remarks,  and  thence  grew  more 
attentive  to  my  manner  of  writing,  and  determined  to  endeavor  to 
improve  my  style. 

About  this  time  I  met  with  an  odd  volume  of  the  Spectator.  I 
had  never  before  seen  any  of  them.  I  bought  it,  read  it  over  and 
over,  and  was  much  delighted  with  it.  I  thought  the  writing  excel- 
lent, and  wished,  if  possible,  to  imitate  it.  With  that  view  I  took 
some  of  the  papers,  and,  making  short  hints  of  the  sentiments  in  each 


4G  MEMOIRS    OF    FRANKLIN.. 

sentence,  laid  them  by  a  few  days,  and  then,  without  looking  at  the 
book,  tried  to  complete  the  papers  again,  by  expressing  each  hinted 
sentiment  at  length,  and  as  fully  as  it  had  been  expressed  before,  in 
any  suitable  words  that  should  occur  to  me.  Then  I  compared  my 
Spectator  with  the  original,  discovered  some  of  my  faults,  and  cor- 
rected them.  But  I  found  I  wanted  a  stock  of  words,  or  a  readiness 
in  recollecting  and  using  them,  which  I  thought  I  should  have  ac- 
quired before  that  time  if  I  had  gone  on  making  verses  ;  since  the 
continual  search  for  words  of  the  same  import,  but  of  different  length, 
to  suit  the  measure,  or  of  different  sound  for  the  rhyme,  would  have 
laid  me  under  a  constant  necessity  of  searching  for  variety,  and  also 
have  tended  to  fix  that  variety  in  my  mind,  and  make  me  master  of 
it.  Therefore  I  took  some  of  the  tales  in  the  Spectator,  and  turned 
them  into  verse  ;  and,  after  a  time,  when  I  had  pretty  well  forgotten 
the  prose,  turned  them  back  again.  I  also  sometimes  jumbled  my 
collection  of  hints  into  confusion,  and  after  some  weeks  endeavored  to 
reduce  them  into  the  best  order,  before  I  began  to  form  the  full  sen- 
tences and  complete  the  subject.  This  wras  to  teach  me  method  in 
the  arrangement  of  the  thoughts.  By  comparing  my  work  with  the 
original,  I  discovered  many  faults  and  corrected  them  ;  but  I  some- 
times had  the  pleasure  to  fancy  that,  in  particulars  of  small  conse- 
quence, I  had  been  fortunate  enough  to  improve  the  method  or  the 
language,  and  this  encouraged  me  to  think  that  I  might  in  time  come 
to  be  a  tolerable  English  writer,  of  which  I  was  extremely  ambitious. 
The  time  I  allotted  for  writing  exercises  and  for  reading  was  at  night, 
or  before  work  began  in  the  morning,  or  on  Sundays,  when  I  contrived 
to  be  in  the  printing-house,  avoiding  as  much  as  I  could  the  constant 
attendance  at  public  worship  which  my  father  used  to  exact  from  me 
when  I  was  under  his  care,  and  which  I  still  continued  to  consider  as 
a  duty,  though  I  could  not  afford  time  to  practice  it. 

When  about  sixteen  years  of  age  I  happened  to  meet  with  a  book, 
written  by  one  Try  on,  recommending  a  vegetable  diet.  I  determined 
to  go  into  it.  My  brother,  being  yet  unmarried,  did  not  keep  house, 
but  boarded  himself  and  his  apprentices  in  another  family.  My  refu- 
sing to  eat  flesh  occasioned  an  inconvenience,  and  I  was  frequently 
chid  for  my  singularity.  I  made  myself  acquainted  with  Tryon's 
manner  of  preparing  some  of  his  dishes,  such   as  boiling  potatoes  or 


MEMOIRS    OF    FRANKLIN.  ,J7 

rice,  making  hasty  pudding,  and  a  few  others,  and  then  proposed  to 
ray  brother  that  if  he  would  give  me,  weekly,  half  the  money  he  paid 
ibr  my  board,  I  would  board  myself.  He  instantly  agreed  to  it,  and 
I  presently  found  that  I  could  save  half  what  he  paid  me.  This  was 
an  additional  fund  for  buying  of  books.  But  I  had  another  advantage 
in  it.  My  brother  and  the  rest  going  from  the  printing  house  to  their 
meals,  I  remained  there  alone,  and,  despatching  presently  my  light 
repast,  which  was  often  no  more  than  a  biscuit  or  a  slice  of  bread,  a 
handful  of  raisins,  or  a  tart  from  the  pastry-cook's,  and  a  glass  of 
water,  I  had  the  rest  of  the  time  till  their  return  for  study,  in 
which  I  made  the  greater  progress,  from  that  clearness  of  head  and 
quicker  apprehension  which  generally  attend  temperance  in  eating 
and  drinking. 

Now  it  was  that,  being  on  some  occasion  made  ashamed  of  my 
ignorance  in  figures,  which  I  had  twice  failed  learning  when  at 
school,  I  took  Cocker's  book  on  Arithmetic,  and  went  through  the 
whole  by  myself  with  the  greatest  ease.  I  also  read  Seller's  and 
Sturny's  book  on  Navigation,  which  made  me  acquainted  with  the 
little  geometry  it  contained ;  but  I  never  proceeded  far  in  that  science. 
I  read  about  this  time  Locke  on  the  Human  Tinder  standing,  and  the 
Art  of  Thinking,  by  Messrs.  du  Port  Royal. 

While  I  was  intent  on  improving  my  language,  I  met  with  an 
English  grammar  (I  think  it  was  Greenwood's)  having  at  the  end  of 
it  two  little  sketches  on  the  arts  of  rhetoric  and  logic,  the  latter  finish- 
ing with  a  dispute  in  the  Socratic  method  ;  and  soon  after  I  procured 
Xenophon's  Memorable  Things  of  Socrates,  wherein  there  are  many 
examples  of  the  same  method.  I  was  charmed  with  it,  adopted  it, 
dropped  my  abrupt  contradiction  and  positive  argumentation,  and  put 
on  the  humble  inquirer ;  and  being  then,  from  reading  Shaftesbury 
and  Collins,  made  a  doubter,  as  I  already  was  in  many  points  of  our 
religious  doctrines,  I  found  this  method  the  safest  for  myself  and  very 
embarrassing  to  those  against  whom  I  used  it ;  therefore  I  took  delight 
in  it,  practiced  it  continually,  and  grew  very  artful  and  expert  in 
drawing  people,  even  of  superior  knowledge,  into  concessions,  the  con- 
sequences of  which  they  did  not  foresee,  entangling  them  in  difficulties 
out  of  which  they  could  not  extricate  themselves,  and  so  obtaining 
victories  that  neither  myself  nor  my  cause  always  deserved.      I  con- 


48  MEMOIRS    OF   FRANKLIN. 

tinued  this  method  some  few  years,  but  gradually  left  it,  retaining 
only  the  habit  of  expressing  myself  in  terms  of  modest  diffidence  ; 
never  using,  when  I  advanced  any  thing  that  might  possibly  be  dis- 
puted, the  words  certainly,  undoubtedly,  or  any  others  that  gave  the 
air  of  positiveness  to  an  opinion  ;  but  rather  said  I  conceive  or  appre- 
hend a  thing  to  be  so  and  so ;  it  appeal's  to  me,  or  I  should  not  think 
it  so  or  so,  for  such  and  such  reasons  ;  or  I  imagine  it  to  be  so  ;  or  it 
is  so,  if  I  am  not  mistaken.  This  habit,  I  believe,  has  been  of  great 
advantage  to  me  when  I  have  had  occasion  to  inculcate  my  opinions, 
and  persuade  men  into  measures  that  I  have  been  from  time  to  time 
engaged  in  promoting  ;  and,  as  the  chief  ends  of  conversation  are  to 
inform  or  to  be  informed,  to  please  or  to  persuade,  I  wish  well- 
meaning  and  sensible  men  would  not  lessen  their  power  of  doing  good 
by  a  positive,  assuming  manner,  that  seldom  fails  to  disgust,  tends  to 
create  opposition,  and  to  defeat  most  of  those  purposes  for  which 
speech  was  given  to  us. 

In  fact,  if  you  wish  to  instruct  others,  a  positive  and  dogmatical 
manner  in  advancing  your  sentiments  may  occasion  opposition  and 
prevent  a  candid  attention.  If  you  deeire  instruction  and  improve- 
ment from  others,  you  should  not,  at  the  same  time,  express  yourself 
fixed  in  your  present  opinions.  Modest  and  sensible  men,  who  do  not 
love  disputation,  will  leave  you  undisturbed  in  the  possession  of  your 
errors.  In  adopting  such  a  manner,  you  can  seldom  expect  to  please 
your  hearers,  or  obtain  the  concurrence  you  desire.  Pope  judiciously 
observes, 

"  Men  must  be  taught  as  if  you  taught  them  not, 
And  things  unknown  proposed  as  things  forgot." 

He  also  recommends  it  to  us 

"  To  speak,  though  sure,  with  seeming  diffidence." 

And  he  might  have  joined  with  this  line  that  which  he  has  coupled 
with  another,  I  think,  less  properly  : 

"  For  want  of  modesty  is  want  of  sense." 
If  you  ask,  Why  less  properly  ?   I  must  repeat  the  lines  : 

"  Immodest  words  admit  of  no  defense, 
For  want  of  modesty  is  want  of  sense." 

Now,  is  not  the  ivant  of  sense  (where  a  man  is  so  unfortunate  as  to 


FRANKLIN'S  YOUTHFUL,    INDUSTRIOUS   HABITS, 

'   I  was  called  home  to  assist  my  father    in  his  occupation,  which  was  that 

of  a  Soap  "boiler  and  Tallow-chandler  " 


MEMOIRS    OF    FRANKLIN.  51 

want  it)  some  apology  for  his  want  of  modesty  ?  and  would  not  the 
lines  stand  more  justly  thus  ? 

"  Immodest  words  admit  bid  this  defense, 
That  want  of  modesty  is  want  of  sense." 

This,  however,  I  should  submit  to  better  judgments. 

My  brother  had,  in  1720  or  1721,  begun  to  print  a  newspaper. 
It  was  the  second^  that  appeared  in  America,  and  was  called  the 
New  England  Courant.  The  only  one  before  it  was  the  Boston 
News- Letter.  I  remember  his  being  dissuaded  by  some  of  his  friends 
from  the  undertaking,  as  not  likely  to  succeed,  one  newspaper  being, 
in  their  judgment,  enough  for  America.  At  this  time  (1771)  there 
are  not  less  than  five-and-twenty.  He  went  on,  however,  with  the 
undertaking.  I  was  employed  to  carry  the  papers  to  the  customers 
after  having  worked  in  composing  the  types  and  printing  off  the  sheets. 

He  had  some  ingenious  men  among  his  friends,  who  amused  them- 
selves by  writing  little  pieces  for  this  paper,  which  gained  it  credit 
and  made  it  more  in  demand,  and  these  gentlemen  often  visited  us. 
Hearing  their  conversations,  and  their  accounts  of  the  approbation 
their  papers  were  received  with,  I  was  excited  to  try  my  hand  among 
them  ;  but,  being  still  a  boy,  and  suspecting  that  my  brother  would 
object  to  printing  any  thing  of  mine  in  his  paper  if  he  knew  it  to  be 
mine,  I  contrived  to  disguise  my  hand,  and,  writing  an  anonymous 
paper,  put  it  at  night  under  the  door  of  the  printing-house.  It  was 
found  in  the  morning,  and  communicated  to  his  writing  friends  when 
they  called  in  as  usual.  They  read  it,  commented  on  it  in  my  hear- 
ing, and  I  had  the  exquisite  pleasure  of  finding  it  met  with  theii 
approbation,  and  that,  in  their  different  guesses  at  the  author,  none 
were  named  but  men  of  some  character  among  us  for  learning:  and 


*  The  Courant  was  the  third  paper  published  in  Boston,  and  the  fourth  in 
America.  There  were  in  Boston,  prior  to  it,  The  Boston  News-Letter,  commenced 
April  24,  1104;  The  Boston  Gazette,  commenced  December  21,  1719;  The  New 
England  Courant  being  commenced  August  7,  1721.  The  only  paper  out  of 
New  England,  prior  to  the  Courant,  was  the  American  Weekly  Mercury,  com- 
menced December  22,  1719,  in  Philadelphia.— Thomas'  Hist,  of  Printing  in 
America. 


52  MEMOIRS    OF    FRANKLIN 

ingenuity.  1  suppose  that  I  was  rather  lucky  in  my  judges,  and  that 
they  were  not  really  so  very  good  as  I  then  helieved  them  to  be. 

Encouraged,  however,  by  this  attempt,  I  wrote  and  sent  in  the 
same  way  to  the  press  several  other  pieces  that  were  equally  approved  ; 
and  I  kept  my  secret  till  all  my  fund  of  sense  for  such  performances 
was  exhausted,  and  then  discovered  it,  when  I  began  to  be  considered 
a  little  more  by  my  brother's  acquaintance.  However,  that  did  not 
quite  please  him,  as  he  thought  it  tended  to  make  me  too  vain.  This 
might  be  one  occasion  of  the  differences  we  began  to  have  about  this 
time.  Though  a  brother,  he  considered  himself  as  my  master,  and 
me  as  his  apprentice,  and,  accordingly,  expected  the  same  services 
from  me  as  he  would  from  another,  while  I  thought  he  degraded  me 
too  much  in  some  he  required  of  me,  who  from  a  brother  expected 
more  indulgence.  Our  disputes  were  often  brought  before  our  father, 
and  I  fancy  I  was  either  generally  in  the  right,  or  else  a  better  pleader, 
because  the  judgment  was  generally  in  my  favor.  But  my  brother 
was  passionate,  and  had  often  beaten  me,  which  I  took  extremely 
amiss  ;  and,  thinking  my  apprenticeship  very  tedious,  I  was  continu- 
ally wishing  for  some  opportunity  of  shortening  it,  which  at  length 
offered  in  a  manner  unexpected.  Perhaps  the  harsh  and  tyrannical 
treatment  of  me  might  be  a  means  of  impressing  me  with  the  aver- 
sion to  arbitrary  power  -that  has  stuck  to  me  through  my  whole  life. 

One  of  the  pieces  in  our  newspaper  on  some  political  point,  which 
I  have  now  forgotten,  gave  offense  to  the  Assembly.  He  was  taken 
up,  censured,  and  imprisoned  for  a  month,  by  the  speaker's  warrant, 
I  suppose,  because  he  would  not  discover  the  author.  I  too  was 
taken  up  and  examined  before  the  council ;  but,  though  I  did  not 
give  them  any  satisfaction,  they  contented  themselves  with  admo- 
nishing me,  and  dismissed  me,  considering  me,  perhaps,  as  an  appren- 
tice, who  was  bound  to  keep  his  master's  secrets. 

During  my  brother's  confinement,  which  I  resented  a  good  deal, 
notwithstanding  our  private  differences,  I  had  the  management  of  the 
paper  ;  and  I  made  bold  to  give  our  rulers  some  rubs  in  it,  which  my 
brother  took  very  kindly,  while  others  began  to  consider  me  in  an  un- 
favorable light,  as  a  youth  that  had  a  turn  for  libeling  and  satire. 
My  brother's  discharge  was  accompanied  with  an  order,  (and  a  very 


FRANKLIN'S   FIRST  ENTRANCE    INTO    PHILADELPHIA. 


MEMOIRS    OF    FRANKLIN.  55 

odd  one,)  that  "  James  Franklin  should  no  longer  print  the  newspaper 
called  the  New  England  Courant." 

On  a  consultation  held  in  our  printing-office  among  his  friends, 
what  he  should  do  in  this  conjuncture,  it  was  proposed  to  elude  the 
order  by  changing  the  name  of  the  paper;  but  my  brother,  seeing 
inconveniences  in  this,  came  to  a  conclusion,  as  a  better  way,  to  let 
the  paper  in  future  be  printed  in  the  name  of  Benjamin  Franklin  ; 
and,  in  order  to  avoid  the  censure  of  the  Assembly,  that  might  fall  on 
him  as  still  printing  it  by  his  apprentice,  he  contrived  and  consented 
that  my  old  indenture  should  be  returned  to  me,  with  a  discharge  on 
the  back  of  it,  to  show  in  case  of  necessity  ;  and,  in  order  to  secure 
to  him  the  benefit  of  my  service,  I  should  sign  new  indentures  for  the 
remainder  of  my  time,  which  was  to  be  kept  private.  A  very  flimsy 
scheme  it  was  ;  however,  it  was  immediately  executed,  and  the  paper 
was  printed,  accordingly,  under  my  name,  for  several  months. 

At  length,  a  fresh  difference  arising  between  my  brother  and  me, 
I  took  upon  me  to  assert  my  freedom,  presuming  that  he  would  not 
venture  to  produce  the  new  indentures.  It  was  not  fair  in  me  to 
take  this  advantage,  and  this  I  therefore  reckon  as  one  of  the  first 
errata  of  my  life  ;  but  the  unfairness  of  it  weighed  little  with  me, 
when  under  the  impression  of  resentment  for  the  blows  his  passion 
too  often  urged  him  to  bestow  upon  me,  though  he  was  otherwise  not 
an  ill-natured  man  :  perhaps  I  was  too  saucy  and  provoking. 

When  he  found  I  would  leave  him,  he  took  care  to  prevent  my 
getting  employment  in  any  other  printing-house  of  the  town,  by  going 
round  and  speaking  to  every  master,  who  accordingly  refused  to  give 
me  wo*k.  I  then  thought  of  going  to  New- York,  as  the  nearest  place 
where  there  was  a  printer ;  and  I  was  rather  inclined  to  leave  Boston 
when  I  reflected  that  I  had  already  made  myself  a  little  obnoxious  to 
the  governing  party,  and,  from  the  arbitrary  proceedings  of  the  As- 
sembly in  my  brother's  case,  it  was  likely  I  might,  if  I  stayed,  soon 
bring  myself  into  scrapes ;  and,  further,  that  my  indiscreet  disputa- 
tions about  religion  began  to  make  me  pointed  at,  with  horror  by  good 
people  as  an  infidel  and  atheist.  I  concluded,  therefore,  to  remove 
to  New- York  ;  but  my  father  now  siding  with  my  brother,  I  was 
sensible  that,  if  I  attempted  to  go  openly,  means  would  be  used  to 
prevent  me.     My  friend  Collins,  therefore,  undertook  to  manage  my 


56  MEMOIRS    OF   FRANKLIN 

flight.  He  agreed  with  the  captain  of  a  New- York  sloop  to  take  me, 
under  pretence  of  my  being  a  young  man  of  his  acquaintance,  that 
had  an  intrigue  with  a  girl  of  bad  character,  whose  parents  would 
compel  me  to  marry  her,  and  that  I  could  neither  appear  nor  come 
away  publicly.  I  sold  my  books  to  raise  a  little  money,  was  taken 
on  board  the  sloop  privately,  had  a  fair  wind,  and  in  three  days  found 
myself  at  New- York,  near  three  hundred  miles  from  my  home,  at  the 
age  of  seventeen,  (October,  1723,)  without  the  least  recommendation, 
or  knowledge  of  any  person  in  the  place,  and  very  little  money  in  my 
pocket. 


FRANKLIN     AS  A  PRINTER, 
Showing   the  Press  at  which  he  worked  in  London. 


CHAPTER    II. 

Interview  with  Wra.  Bradford. — Journey  to  Philadelphia. — Amboy. — Goes  on  foot 
to  Burlington. — Dr.  Brown. — Arrives  in  Philadelphia. — His  Appearance  on 
Entering  the  City. — Visit  to  the  Baker's  Shop. — Walk  up  Market  Street. — 
Sees  his  Future  Wife. — Quaker  Meeting. — Falls  Asleep  in  Meeting. — Andrew 
Bradford. — Keimer,  the  Printer. — Condition  of  Printing-Offices. — Grief  of  Rela- 
tives in  Boston  at  his  Abrupt  Departure. — Proposition  from  Gov.  Keith  to  set 
him  up  in  Business. — Dines  with  the  Governor. — Goes  to  Boston. — Surprise  at 
his  Unexpected  Appearance. — Coldly  Received  by  his  Brother. — Inquisitive- 
ness  of  his  Journeymen  Friends  on  his  Arrival. — His  Father  disapproves  of 
Gov.  Keith's  Proposition. — His  friend,  Collins,  determines  to  go  to  Philadel- 
phia.— His  Father's  Advice  on  Leaving  for  Philadelphia. — Vessel  puts  in  at 
Newport. — Visits  his  Brother  John. — Arrives  in  New- York. — Meets  with  Col- 
lins.— Bad  Habits  of  Collins. — Visits  the  Governor  of  New- York. — Proceeds 
to  Philadelphia. — Separates  from  Collins. — Keith  proposes  to  send  him  to 
London  to  purchase  Printing  Materials. — Changes  his  Diet. — Anecdotes  of 
Keimer. — His  Companions,  Watson,  Osborne,  and  Ralph. — Exercises  in  Com- 
position.— Determines  to  Visit  England. 

The  inclination  I  had  had  for  the  sea  was  by  this  time  done  away, 
or  1  might  now  have  gratified  it.  But,  having  another  profession,  and 
conceiving  myself  a  pretty  good  workman,  I  offered  my  services  to  a 
printer  in  the  place,  old  Mr.  William  Bradford,  who  had  been  the  first 
printer  in  Pennsylvania,  but  had  removed  thence  in  consequence  of  a 
quarrel  with  the  governor,  George  Keith.  He  could  give  me  no  em- 
ployment, having  little  to  do,  and  hands  enough  already ;  but  he  said, 
"My  son  at  Philadelphia  has  lately  lost  his  principal  hand,  Aquila 
Rose,  by  death  ;  if  you  go  thither.  I  believe  he  may  employ  you." 
Philadelphia  was  one  hundred  miles  further  ;  I  set  out,  however,  in  a 
boat  for  Amboy,  leaving  my  chest  and  things  to  follow  me  round  by 
sea. 

In  crossing  the  bay,  we  met  with  a  squall  that  tore  our  rotten 
sails  to  pieces,  prevented  our  getting  into  the  Kill,  and  drove  us  upon 


60  MEMOIRS    OF    FRANKLIN 

Long  Island.  In  our  way,  a  drunken  Dutchman,  who  was  a  passen- 
ger too,  fell  overboard  ;  when  he  was  sinking,  I  reached  through  the 
water  to  his  shock  pate,  and  drew  him  up,  so  that  we  got  him  in 
again.  His  ducking  sobered  him  a  little,  and  he  went  to  sleep,  taking 
first  out  of  his  pocket  a  book,  which  he  desired  I  would  dry  for  him. 
It  proved  to  be  my  old  favorite  author,  Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Progress, 
in  Dutch,  finely  printed  on  good  paper,  copper  cuts,  a  dress  better  than 
I  had  ever  seen  it  wear  in  its  own  language.  I  have  since  found  that 
it  has  been  translated  into  most  of  the  languages  of  Europe,  and  sup- 
pose it  has  been  more  generally  read  than  any  other  book,  except 
perhaps  the  Bible.  Honest  John  was  the  first  that  I  know  of  who 
mixed  narration  and  dialogue  ;  a  method  of  writing  very  engaging  to 
the  reader,  who  in  the  most  interesting  parts  finds  himself,  as  it  were, 
admitted  into  the  company  and  present  at  the  conversation.  De  Foe 
has  imitated  him  successfully  in  his  Robinson  Crusoe,  in  his  Moll 
Flanders,  and  other  pieces ;  and  Richardson  has  done  the  same  in 
his  Pamela,  &c. 

On  approaching  the  island,  we  found  it  was  in  a  place  where 
there  could  be  no  landing,  there  being  a  great  surge  on  the  stony 
beach.  So  we  dropped  anchor,  and  swung  out  our  cable  toward  the 
shore.  Some  people  came  down  to  the  shore,  and  hallooed  to  us,  as 
we  did  to  them  ;  but  the  wind  was  so  high,  and  the  surge  so  loud, 
that  we  could  not  understand  each  other.  There  were  some  small 
boats  near  the  shore,  and  we  made  signs,  and  called  to  them  to  fetch 
us ;  but  they  either  did  not  comprehend  us,  or  it  was  impracticable, 
so  they  went  off.  Night  approaching,  we  had  no  remedy  but  to  have 
patience  till  the  wind  abated ;  and,  in  the  mean  time,  the  boatman 
and  myself  concluded  to  sleep,  if  we  could  ;  and  so  we  crowded  into 
the  hatches,  where  we  joined  the  Dutchman,  who  was  still  wet,  and 
the  spray,  breaking  over  the  head  of  our  boat,  leaked  through  to  us, 
so  that  we  were  soon  almost  as  wet  as  he.  In  this  manner  we  lay 
all  night,  with  very  little  rest ;  but,  the  wind  abating  the  next  day, 
we  made  a  shift  to  reach  Amboy  before  night,  having  been  thirty 
hours  on  the  water,  without  victuals,  or  any  drink  but  a  bottle  of 
filthy  rum,  the  water  we  sailed  on  being  salt. 

In  the  evening  I  found  myself  very  feverish,  and  went  to  bed  ; 
but.  having  read  somewhere  that  cold  water  drunk  plentifully  was 


BENJAMIN    FRANKLIN, 

AT    THE    AGE    OF    60, 


XV^kj 


~")  rv~ 


m 


& 


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\r 


I 


O0&EETT.J3L.  MW  TOUK.  69  KMERTY  SI 


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"^nnr    l&irjjart" 


POOR  RICHARD'S  ALMANAC 

FOR 

1851, 

AS  WRITTEN   BY 

BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 

FOR   THE    YEARS 

1736-1737-1738. 

THE  ASTRONOMICAL  CALCULATIONS 

ADAPTED    TO 

BOSTON,  NEW-YORK,  PHILADELPHIA,  BALTIMORE,  WASHINGTON  AND 
CHARLESTON. 

TO  WHICH   IS   ADDED, 

THE  CONTINUATION  OF  THE  LIFE 

OF 

THE  GREAT   PHILOSOPHER, 

WRITTEN  BY  HIMSELF. 


ANNUAL  ILLUSTRATED  EDITION 


NEW-YORK  : 
JOHN  DOGGETT  Jr.,  59  LIBERTY-STREET. 


1850. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1850, 

BY  JOHN  DOGGETT  Je., 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  for  the  Southern 

District  of  New- York. 


*^*  The  first  edition  of  this  Almanac  for  the  year  1851,  comprises  10,000  copies. 
The  advertisements  on  the  covers,  to  which  we  would  most  respectfully  refer  our 
readers,  are  to  appear  in  each  and  every  edition  issued  for  that  year. 


F.  C.  GUTIERREZ,  J.  P.  JONES  &.  CO., 

PRINTER,  STEREOTYPERS, 

Cor.  John  and  Dutch-streets,  N.  Y  Cor.  of  William  and  Spruce-sts.,  N.  Y. 


PREFACE 


The  present  number,  which  is  the  second  of  this  edition  of  Poor  Richard's 
Almanac,  contains  the  editorial  matter  of  Franklin  for  the  years  1736, 
1737,  and  1738,  and  the  continuation  of  the  autobiography  of  the  Doctor, 
commenced  in  our  first  number,  which,  with  the  editorials  and  advice 
of  Poor  Richard,  will  be  continued  from  year  to  year,  until  both  are 
completed. 

We  subjoin  a  list  of  the  names  of  those  gentlemen,  which,  for  want  of 
space,  was  excluded  from  our  first  issue,  to  whom  we  are  indebted  for 
much  of  that  success  which  has  attended  our  efforts  to  obtain  a  complete 
set  of  Poor  Richard. 


W.  J.  ALLINSON,  Burlington,  N.  J. 
T.  P.  BARTON,  Philadelphia. 
Dr.  BENNEWELL,  Milestown,  Pa. 
C.  W.  BREWSTER,  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 
MERIT  CANBY,  Wilmington,  Del. 
HENRY  CAREY,  Burlington,  N.  J. 
JOHN  CARTER  BROWN,  Providence,  R.  I. 
MELLEN  CHANDLER,  Boston. 
Dr.  B.  H.  COATES,  Philadelphia. 
JOSHUA  COFFIN,  Newbury,  Mass. 
Rt.  Rev.  G.  W.  DOANE,  D.D.,  L.L.D.,  Bur- 
lington, N.  J. 
S.  G.  DRAKE,  Boston. 
JOHN  F.  ELIOT,  Boston. 
BENJAMIN  FERRIS,  near  Baltimore. 
W.  L.  FISHER,  Germantown,  Pa. 
JAMES  FRANCIS  FISHER,  Philadelphia. 
P.  R.  FREES,  Germantown,  Pa. 
THOMAS  GILPIN,  Philadelphia. 
A.  G.  GREEN,  Providence,  R.  I. 
Rev.  JOHN  HALL,  Trenton,  N.  J. 
JAMES  HARVEY,  Germantown,  Pa. 
SAMUEL  HAZARD,  Philadelphia. 


E.  D.  INGRAHAM,  Philadelphia. 

SAMUEL  KEYSER.  Germantown,  Pa. 

NATHAN  KITE,  Philadelphia. 

BENJAMIN  LEMAN,  Germantown,  Pa. 

JOHN  LIEBERT,  Germantown,  Pa. 

GEORGE  LIVERMORE,  Boston. 

Dr.  A.  C.  LOGAN,  Stenton,  Pa. 

ELNATHAN  MANCHESTER, Providence, R. I. 

EDMUND  MORRIS,  Burlington,  N.  J. 

SAMUEL  NORRIS,  Philadelphia. 

JAMES  P.  PARKE,  « 

JOHN  POULSON,  " 

J.  M.  RUSH,  « 

JOSEPH  SCATTERGOOD,  " 

Rev.  SAML.  SEWELL,  Burlington,  Mass. 

J.  L.  SIBLEY,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

JOHN  JAY  SMITH,  Philadelphia. 

R.  SMITH,  " 

GEO.  STEWARDSON,      « 

RICHARD  VAUX,  " 

SOLOMON  WYETH,         " 

DAVID  YOUNG,  Hanover,  N.  J. 


TERMS  OF  THIS  PUBLICATION. 


SINGLE  COPY, 
PER  100  COPIES, 
PER  1000  COPIES, 


$  0  12* 
8  00 
70  00 


*:£*  Persons  at  a  distance  wishing  copies  of  this  work,  may  remit  the 
money  by  Mail,  post-paid,  and  the  number  ordered  will  be  promptly  sent 
as  directed.     The  first  number  can  be  supplied 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK 


ECLIPSES    IN    THE    YEAR    1851. 

There  will  be  two  Eclipses  of  the  Sun,  and  two  of  the  Moon,  this  year. 

I.  January  17,  Moon  eclipsed  at  the  time  of  Full  Moon,  in  the  morning  in  the  United  States, 
except  the  eastern  part  of  Maine,  where  it  will  he  afternoon.  Invisible  here,  but  will  be  seen 
in  the  opposite  regions  of  the  globe.     Magnitude,  5.58  digits  on  the  Moon's  northern  limb. 

II.  February  1,  Sun  eclipsed  at  the  time  ef  New  Moon  in  the  morning,  but  will  be  in  the 
evening  of  Jan.  31,  in  the  states  and  territories  west  of  the  Mississippi  river.  Invisible  in 
America.  The  Sun  may  be  seen  more  or  less  eclipsed  on  the  southern  limb  at  Australia,  the 
Cape  of  (rood  Hope,  and  the  southern  part  of  Madagascar ;  and  on  the  northern  limb,  at  New 
Zealand.  This  Eclipse  will  be  central  and  annular  on  the  meridian  in  longitude  98°  2?  east 
from  Greenwich,  and  latitude  58°  23'  south. 

ITI.  July  12,  evening,  and  July  13,  morning,  Moon  eclipsed ;  visible. 


Principal  Cities. 


Eastport 

Boston 

New  York 

Philadelphia-  • 

Baltimore 

Washington  -  - 

Richmond 

Rochester 

Raleigh - 

Charleston  1 
Pittsburgh  J  *  * 
Cleveland 


Beginning. 


1  22  m. 
1  6  m. 
0  54  m. 
0  49  m. 
0  43  m. 
0  42  m. 
0  40  m. 
0  39  m. 
0  35  m. 

0  30  m. 

0  24  m. 


2  53  m. 
2  37  m. 
2  25  m. 
2  20  m. 
2  14  m. 
2  13  m, 
2  11m. 
2  10  m. 
2    6  m. 


13    2    lm. 
13    1  55  m. 


13  4  24 
13  4  8 
13  3  56 
13  3  51 
13  3  45 
13  3  44 
13  3  42 
13  3  41 
13  3  37 

13  3  32 

13  3  26 


Principal  Cities. 


Detroit 

Milledgeville  - 

Lexington 

Cincinnati  -  -  - 
Indianapolis  -  - 

Nashville 

Chicago 

Mobile- 

St.  Louis 

New  Orleans  -  - 

Austin 

San  Francisco 


Beginning. 


13  0  18  m. 
13  0  17  m. 
13  0  13  m. 
13  0  12  m. 
13  0  6  m. 
13  0  3  m. 
12  11  59  ev. 
12  11  57  ev. 
12  11  52  ev. 
12  11  50  ev. 
12  11  19ev. 
12    9  43  ev. 


49  m, 

48  m. 

44  m. 

43  m. 

37  m. 

34  m. 

30  m. 
1  28  m. 
1  23  m. 
1  21  m. 
0  50  m. 


12  11  14 ev 


13  3  20 
13  3  19 
13  3  15 
13  3  14 
13  3  8 
13  3  5 
13  3  1 
13  2  59 
13  2  54 
13  2  52 
13  8  21 
13  0  45 


Magnitude,  8.47  digits  on  the  Moon's  southern  limb. 

IV.  July  28,  morning,  Sun  eclipsed ;  visible  more  or  less  throughout  the  United  State  - 
with  the  exception  of  the  southern  part  of  Florida :  on  the  Sun's  northern  limb. 


CITIES 

in  the  order  of 

Latitude. 


Eastport 

Montpelier--- 

Concord  

Rochester 

Milwaukie  -  - 

Buffalo ■ 

Albany • 

Detroit 

Boston 

Providence  -- 

Chicago 

Iowa  City  — 
New  Haven  - 
New  York  -  - 
Pittsburgh  -- 
Philadelphia 


b'a 

a 

■§' 

s  s 

c 

a  a, 

£'•5 

£ 

& 

pq 

OH 

w 

O 

1 

H   H 

H.  M. 

B.   M. 

B.  M. 

Digits. 

8  7 

9  3 

10  1 

1  54 

4.53 

7  41 

8  35 

9  31 

1  50 

4.46 

7  46 

8  38 

9  32 

1  46 

4.00 

7  16 

8  7 

9  0 

1  44 

4.53 

6  30 

7  21 

8  14 

1  44 

5.23 

7  10 

8  1 

8  54 

1  44 

4.47 

7  34 

8  26 

9  20 

1  46 

4.02 

6  51 

7  41 

8  33 

1  42 

4.66 

7  49 

8  40 

9  34 

1  45 

3.79 

7  48 

8  37 

9  29 

1  41 

3.52 

6  29 

7  18 

8  10 

1  41 

4.81 

6  12 

7  0 

7  51 

1  39 

5.07 

7  39 

8  27 

9  18 

1  39 

3.54 

7  34 

8  21 

9  12 

1  33 

3.42 

7  4 

7  51 

8  42 

1  33 

3.79 

7  29 

8  15 

9  4 

1  35 

3.32 

CITIES 

in  the  order  of 

Latitude. 


Indianapolis  -  -  • 

Baltimore 

Cincinnati 

Washington  -  ■ 

St.  Louis 

Lexington 

Richmond 

Nashville 

Raleigh 

Little  Rock  -  - 
Milledgeville- 

Charleston 

Mobile  - 

Austin 

New  Orleans  - 
St.  Augustine 


e 
M 

T3 

I 

a 
0 

6  37 

7  23 

6  45 

7  21 
6  21 

6  46 

7  20 

6  36 

7  16 
6  10 

6  56 

7  16 
6  36 

5  49 

6  28 

7  3 

B.  M. 

7  24 

8  7 

7  30 

8  5 
7  6 

7  29 

8  1 
7  16 
7  52 

6  49 

7  28 
7  42 
7  2 
6  21 

6  53 

7  22 

H.   M. 

8  14 
8  53 
8  18 
8  51 

7  54 

8  16 
8  45 

7  59 

8  32 

7  31 

8  2 
8  10 
7  31 

6  55 

7  21 
7  43 

l'  37 
1  30 
1  33 
1  30 
1  -33 
1  30 
1  25 
1  23 
1  16 
1  21 
1  6 
0  54 

0  55 

1  6 
0  53 
0  40 

Digs. 
4.28 
3.12 
3.69 
3.01 
4.03 
3.39 
2.57 
2.95 
2.10 
3.02 
1.65 
1.05 
1.24 
2.20 
1.06 
0.67 


At  Astoria,  in  Oregon,  this  Eclipse  will  be  chiefly  visible.  The  Sun  •will  rise  there  at  4  h. 
40  m.  with  7.01  digits  eclipsed,  and  at  4h.  58  m.  it  will  be  9.18  digits  eclipsed.  The  Eclipse 
will  end  at  5h.  49m.  At  San  Francisco,  the  Sun  will  rise  at  5h.  2  m.  with  an  Eclipse  of 
6.65  digits  diminishing,  which  will  end  at  5  h.  43  m.  This  Eclipse  will  be  more  or  less  visi- 
ble throughout  Europe,  and  in  the  northern  part  of  Africa.  It  will  be  central  and  total  on  the 
meridian  in  longitude  33°  43'  west  from  Greenwich,  and  latitude  69°  54'  north. 

CHARACTERS. 

^0Sun;  ])Moon;  £  Mercury;  9  Venus;  ©Earth;  $  Mars;  IT  Jupiter;  F?  Sat- 
urn;  1#  Herschel. 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK 


RISING   AND    SETTING   OF   PLANETS   AND    STARS. 

The  reader  should  understand  that  these  are  not  materially  affected  by  the  longitude  oi 
a  place :  and  also  that  when  the  hour  is  less  than  6,  it  is  in  the  morning ;  and  when  greater 
than  6,  it  is  in  the  evening. 


DATE. 

Jan. 

14 

" 

24 

Feb. 

5 

" 

12 

M 

20 

" 

28 

Mar. 

4 

" 

11 

" 

19 

" 

27 

Apri. 

9 
24 

May 

3 

" 

14 

" 

28 

June 

4 

CC 

14 

" 

25 

PLANET 

Boston. 

Wash- 
ington. 

Charles- 
ton. 

DATE. 

H.        M. 

H.       U. 

B.      K. 

Venus  rises 

4  41 

4  34 

4  22 

July     5 

a          » 

4  23 

4  15 

4    3 

"       16 

Saturn  sets 

10  20 

10  18 

10  15 

"      18 

Venus  rises 

4  13 

4    5 

3  52 

Aug.    2 

Jupiter  rises  -  -  - 

9  49 

9  46 

9  41 

"         7 

9  15 

9  12 

9    8 

"        8 

cc         « 

8  58 

8  55 

8  50 

"      22 

Venus  rises 

4  14 

4    6 

3  54 

Sept.    5 

C£              <C 

4  12 

4    5 

3  54 

«      18 

tc           it 

4    8 

4    2 

3  53 

"      25 

(<          (( 

3  58 

3  54 

3  48 

Oct.      6 

"        II.    

3  43 

3  41 

3  39 

ii      14 

IC             <( 

3  32 

3  32 

3  33 

"      25 

£1              tC 

3  19 

3  21 

3  25 

Nov.    6 

"              " 

3    4 

3    9 

3  16 

"      14 

"              '«       

2  58 

3    4 

3  14 

"      27 

U              (C 

2  51 

2  59 

3  12 

Dec.     6 

tl         it 

2  49 

2  59 

3  14 

"      18 

Venus  rises  - 
((  ci 

Jupiter  sets- 

Saturn  rises 
Jupiter  sets 
Seven  Stars  rise 


Mars  rises - 


2  52 

3  3 

10  58 
10    3 

10  25 
9  41 
9  58 
9    3 

8  11 

7  44 

11  2 
10  50 
10  32 
10    9 

9  51 
9  17 

8  48 
8    1 


3  3 
3  14 
11  0 
10  5 
10  30 
9  43 

10  9 
9  14 

8  23 

7  55 

11  12 
11  0 
10  42 
10  19 
10    0 

9  26 

8  57 
8  10 


Cha'»- 


3  19 
3  31 
11  3 
10  8 
10  37 
9  47 

10  27 
9  32 
8  40 

8  13 

11  29 
11  17 
10  58 
10  34 
10  15 

9  40 
9  11 
8  25 


PHENOMENA  OF  THE  PLANETS  FOR  1851. 

Jan.  4,  J?  stat. ;  5,  9  stat.  □  0  Tp ;  6,  g 's  gr.  elong. ;  12,  □©!£,  gstat.;  16,  D©#; 

20,  0  enters  rz  \  22,  inf.  d  ©  £  •  Feb.  2,  g  stat. ;  7,  U  stat. ;  15,  g's  gr.  elong. ;  19,  0 
enters  X  5  25,  <?'s  gr.  elong.  March  20,  ©  enters  tf.  April  1,  sup.  rj  ©  £  ;  8,  8  OHl 
14,  d  0  h ;  20,  '©  enters  tf ,  d  ©  W  I  28,  £  's  gr.  elong.     May  9,  £  stat. ;  20,  inf.  d  ©  g  ', 

21,  ©  enters  TJ.  June  1,  £  stat. ;  10,  IX  stat. ;  15,  £'s  gr.  elong. ;  21,  ©  enters  S>  Jul* 
6,  □  QU  ;  15,  sup.  d  ©  $  ;  23,  ©  enters  £\, ;  D  ©  *? ,  □©*£*;  28,  ©  eclipsed,  vis.  Aug. 
10,  J£I  stat. ;  17,  Tpstat. ;  23,  ©  enters  TT£  ;  26,  g's  gr.  elong.  Sept.  8,  £  stat. ;  22,  inf. 
6  0  9  ;  23.  ©  enters  =£a ;  30,  sup.  6  ©  9,  $  stationary.  Oct.  7,  g's  gr.  elong. ;  23,  D  ©  <? , 
©  enters  HI.;  24,  8  ©  ^  !  26,5  ©J£  I  27,  d  QU-  Nov.  7,  sup.  d  ©  £  J  22,  ©  enters  /  . 
Dec.  16,  $  stat. ;  20,  g's  gr.  elong.;  22,  ©  enters  V3  ;  27,  £stat. ;  31,  T?  stationary. 


SIGNS   OF   THE   ZODIAC. 

T  Aries ;   &  Taurus ;  JJ  G-emini ;  ^5  Cancer ;  £l  Leo ;  T$  Virgo ;  a2a  Lihra ;  fit  Scor- 
pio ;   f  Sagittarius  ;  VS  Capricorn ;  ZZ  Aquarius ;  ^£  Pisces. 


ASPECTS  AND  NODES. 

d  Conjunction;  %  Sextile,  60  degrees ;  D  Quartile,  90  degrees ;  A  Trine,  120  degrees  , 
Vc.  Quincunx,  150  degrees ;  §  Opposition,  180  degrees ;  Q  Ascending  Node  ;  £3  Descend- 
ing Node. 


CHRONOLOGICAL.   CYCLES. 

Dominical  Letter,  E  ;  G-olden  Number,  or  Lunar  Cycle,  9 ;  Epact,  28 ; 
Roman  Indiction,  9 ;  Julian  Period,  6564. 


Solar  Cycle,  12 ; 


NOTES   TO   THE   READER. 

The  Calendar  page  in  this  Almanac  is  adapted  for  use  in  every  part  of  the  United  States. 
It  is  based  on  the  fact,  that  in  the  same  Latitude,  that  is,  on  a  line  running  due  east  and 
west,  the  Sitn  and  Moon  rise  and  set  at  the  same  moment  by  the  clock  or  almanac,  not 
only  throughout  the  United  States,  but  around  the  world — the  variations  being  so  small  as  to 
be  of  no  importance  for  ordinary  purposes.  Thus,  if  on  any  day  the  Sun  rises  at  Boston  at  5 
minutes  past  6,  it  rises  at  5  minutes  past  6  on  the  same  line  of  latitude  westward  throughout 
the  states  of  Massachusetts,  New  York,  Michigan,  Iowa,  and  Oregon. 

Hence,  a  Calendar  adapted  to  Boston  for  New  England,  is  equally  adapted,  as  to  the  rising 
and  setting  of  the  Sun  and  Moon,  for  use  in  Northern  New  York  and  Michigan ;  a  Calendar 
for  New  York  city  is  adapted  for  use  in  the  states  of  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illinois; 


8  POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK 

a  Calendar  for  Baltimore  is  adapted  for  Virginia,  Kentucky,  and  Missouri;  and  a  Calendar 
for  Charleston  will  answer  for  North  Carolina,  Tennessee,  Georgia,  Alabama,  and  Louisiana. 
"Wherever  the  reader  is,  look  for  the  state  at  the  top  of  the  Calendar  page,  and  underneath  are 
the  rising  and  setting  of  the  Sun  and  Moon  sufficiently  accurate  for  all  practical  purposes. 

The  changes,  fulls,  and  quarters  of  the  Moon,  however,  are  governed  by  another  prin- 
ciple, and  are  essentially  the  same  for  all  places  on  the  same  Longitude  ;  that  is,  on  any 
line  extending  due  north  and  south.  Thus,  the  Moon's  phases  for  Charleston,  suit  Pitts- 
burgh, etc.  Any  phasis  takes  place  at  the  same  instant  of  absolute  time  ;  but  the  local  time 
is  earlier  at  the  westward,  and  later  at  the  eastward,  at  the  rate  of  four minutes  for  each 
degree  of  Longitude  ;  or  at  the  rate  of  one  minute  for  every  12  miles  273  rods  in  the  lati- 
tude of  Boston  ;  13  miles  60  rods  in  the  latitude  of  New  York  city ;  13  miles  143  rods  in  the 
latitude  of  Baltimore ;  and  14  miles  199  rods  in  the  latitude  of  Charleston. 


TABLE  OF  THE  SOLAR  SYSTEM. 


Mean  di- 
ameter in 
Eng.  miles. 


The  Sun  -- 
Mercury  — 

Venus  

The  Earth 
The  Moon  - 

Mars 

Vesta 

Iris 

Hebe 

Flora 

Astraea 

Juno 

Ceres 

Pallas*-  — 

Jupiter 

Saturn 

Uranus 

Neptune  -  -  - 


883,246 
3,224 
7,687 
7,912 
2,1S0 
4,189 
238 
unknown 


1,425 
160 
110 
89,170 
79,042 
35,112 
35:000 


37,000,000 
68,000,000 
95,000,000 
95,000,000 
144,000,000 
224,340,600 
226,000,000 
230,000,000 
240,000,000 
246,000,000 
253,598,700 
263,236,450 
265,000,000 
490,000,000 
900,000,000 
1,800,000,000 
2,850,000,000 


25    14      8 


0    23    21 

0  23    56 

27       7 

1  0    37 
unknown  - 


0 
28 
22 

4 
43    12 


■2-2 


0      9    55    27 

0    10    29    17 

unknown  


Time  of  revolution  round 
the  Sun. 


87 

224 

365 

365 

686 

1,325 

1,327 

1,375 

1^512 
1,593 
1,684 
1,686 
4,332 
10,759 
30,686 
60,128 


23  15  43 

16  49  10 
6  9  12 

6  9  12 
23  30  35 
11  38  24 
23  22  41 

nearly. 

18  37  19 
nearly. 

1  36  28 

17  38  24 

7  19  12 
14  27  10 

1  51  11 

19  41  32 
3  20  02 


6.67 

1.91 

1. 

1. 

0.43 


0.16 


0.037 
0.011 
0.003 
0.001 


*  A  ninth  asteroid  named  Metis,  and  also  a  tenth  not  yet  named,  have  been  discovered 
since  the  beginning  of  1848,  between  Mars  and  Jupiter  ;  but  as  the  sizes,  distances,  etc.,  are 
yet  unknown,  they  have  not  been  added  to  the  table. 


EQUINOXES   AND   SOLSTICES   FOR  1S51 


EQUINOXES  AND  SOLSTICES. 


Washington. 


San  Francisco. 


Vernal  Equinox, March 

Summer  Solstice June-  - 

Autumnal  Equinox  -Sept.  -  - 
Winter  Solstice Dec.  -- 


21  4  55  mo 

22  1  41  mo, 

23  3  51  ev. 
22  9  29  mo 


21     0  11  mo 

21  8  57  ev. 
23  11     7  mo 

22  4  45  mo 


20  11  47  ev. 

21  8  33  ev. 
23  10  43  mo. 

22  4  21  mo. 


20  11  17  ev. 

21  8  3ev. 
23  10  13  mo. 
22-  3  51  mo. 


D.    B.    M. 

20  8  47  ev. 

21  5  33  ev. 
23  7  43  mo. 

22  1  21  mo. 


When  it  is  noon  at  London,  it  is  6  h.  52  m.  in  the  morning  at  Washington ;  and  when  it 
noon  at  Washington,  it  is  5  h.  8  m.  in  the  evening  at  London. 


APOGEE  AND    PERIGEE  OF   THE   SUN. 

The  Sun  is  in 

Pprigee  December  31,  1850,  distance  from  the  Earth, - 

ApogeeJuly  1,1851,         "  "  "      ---- 

P,  ri  gee  January       2,1852,         "  "  "      - 

The  perigee  does  not  occur  in  1851,  but  occurs  twice  in  1852. 


Miles. 
-93,582,000 
-96,771,000. 
93,575,000. 


LEAP-TEAR. 

T.  '/ery  year  is  leap-year  the  number  of  which  can  be  divided  by  4,  and  not  by  100 ;  or 
whn  j  can  be  divided  by  400. 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK 


1st  month.                 JANUARY,    1851.                       31  days,  j 

MOON'S   PHASES. 

BOSTON. 

NEW  YORK. 

BALTIMO'E. 

CHARLES'N. 

SUN  on  MERID. 

1  New  M< 
First  Q 
Full  Mo 
Third  Q 

D. 

2 
10 

17 
24 

H.         M. 

6    0  mo. 
11  37  mo. 

11  58  mo. 
3  33  mo. 

a.      m. 

5  48  mo. 
11  25  mo. 
11  46  mo. 

3  21  mo. 

n.      m. 

5  37  mo. 
11  14  mo. 
11  35  mo. 

3  10  mo. 

a.      m. 

5  24  mo. 
11  1  mo. 
11  22  mo. 

2  57  mo. 

D. 

1 

9 
17 
25 

H.        ..        .. 

ev.    3  50 
0     7  25 
0  10  23 
0  12  37 

uarter 

uarter-  •  •  • 

CALENDAR   FOR 
CHARLESTON;  N.  CAROLl 
lina,  Tenn.,  Geor'a,  Ala., 
Missis.,  and  Louisiana. 

X* 

3         **  CM        MiHTtN    g        ^CCrfO              »C  "#  CO  CM        O  4  W  N  M  ^P              OCO 

s-t^fxao:ooH  cOOH«nioo(D>KffiooH  >HMniootob 

C    J) 

'""'tC^'""1                     Ol"^     grjinrt^TPOBTfO            T-I  T-H      £   tH  T-I  T-I  ,-H                     55  CO  j 

-•(O  e«Dt>00OQOH  §Or-HO}COTI<lO.S2<r>t-050'-H  2ort««^100(D 
Hco                                 r-lt-l   C                                        fc,                    1-1  1-1    S3 

•  co^^io«o>xo500rHeJcoT)<in)c^caDc;C"Cip:toc(-xcc 

«                                                         hhhhhhhhhhh|NM«iMIN(MIM«OI«c;! 

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5  2 

■  OUSlOlQOCffiCCCOOinKSOO^rJi^^nnfJNHHOOfflOJOr' 
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ta*r-t~t^r~r~t^r^t-t^r^t^^t^t--t^t--i>r^'t~i>.r~t^i>t-'.i>r~r~i>.cococol 

CALENDAR  FOR 
BALTIMORE;    VIR- 
GINIA,   Kentucky, 
and  Missouri. 

§l|SCO»5             O  O  -tf  rf  <3<    £  Ti«  -3<  TT  O               K  CO  tj<  O        t-i£cmcmcmcmcMt-i        •* 

a  3' 

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si 

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•3138.M.  j°  Aiea 

CALENDAR  FOR 
NEW  YORK  CITY;  PHIL'A, 

Conn.,  New  Jersey,  Pknn., 
Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illi's. 

.(om-coooc  j  cm  r-l  -7  1-  cr  1-  0  tj-  '-  i~  — '  cm  05  to  t*  cm  oc  -r  —  ©  o  10  co 

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O   tc 

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tfl                                                                                 T— 1     T-I        C                                                                                                    >-,                                                   T-<T-HC 

s    Tj<  Tf  tj<  t*  Tj<  Tj<  -rj<  t-h  ^r.  LI  O  O  O  O  O  O  O  O                                                                       J=J  Jh  i-H  tH 

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8  cj  cj  cj  n  w  cj  o)  cj  cm  ?;  0  ?)  o)  cj  w  oj  w  cm  a  oiCJpiociHHHrtriHH 

CALENDAR    FOR 
BOSTON;  NEW  ENGLAND, 
New  York  State,  Michi'n, 
Wisconsin,  and  Iowa. 

.  CO  I>    J  l>  CO  W  O  tO  CM  t-I  ■*  t~  X  l^  -O  t*  m  if3  -7  f\J  OS  ~  —  CM  OC  —  —  O  LO  IO  13 

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0  u 
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•MIuoim  jo  At=a|     ^wn^o^^QOffio^wn^o^^GOoojHCin^^^^gao-! 

10 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK. 


2d  month.               FEBRUARY,    1851.                    28  days.  | 

MOON'S   PHASES. 

BOSTON. 

NEW  YORK. 

BALTIM'RE. 

CHARLES'N. 

B.        H. 

0  42  mo. 

3  36  mo. 
10     8ev. 

4  18  ev. 

SUN  o»  MERID 

D. 
1 

9 
15 
22 

B.         M. 

1  18  mo. 

4  12  mo. 

10  44  ev. 

4  54  ev. 

1     6  mo. 
4    0  mo. 
10  32  ev. 
4  42  ev. 

B.         M. 

0  55  mo. 

3  49  mo. 
10  21  ev. 

4  31  ev. 

1 

9 
17 
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POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK. 


11 


3d  MONTH.                             MARCH,     1851.                                 31  DAYS. 

MOON'S   PHASES. 

BOSTON. 

NEW  YORK. 

BALTIMO'E. 

CHARLES'N. 

B.          M. 

7  55  ev. 
4  25  ev. 

7  59  mo. 

8  6  mo. 

SUN  on  MERID 

D. 

2 

10 
17 

24 

8  31  ev. 
5     1  ev. 
8  35  mo. 
8  42  mo. 

8  19  ev. 
4  49  ev. 
8  23  mo. 
8  30  mo. 

H.        M. 

8    8ev. 
4  38  ev. 
8  12  mo. 
8  19  mo. 

D. 

1 

9 

17 
25 

0  12  37 
0  10  48 
0    8  35 
0     6     9 

First  Quarter 

Full  Moon    

Third  Quarter 

CALENDAR  FOR 
CHARLESTON ;  N.  CAROLI- 
NA, Tenn.,  Georgia,  Ala., 
Missis.,  and  Louisiana. 

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12 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK. 


4th  MONTH.                            APRIL,     1851.                                   30  DAYS. 

MOON'S    PHASES. 

BOSTON. 

NEW  YORK. 

BALTIM'RE. 

CHARLES  'N. 

SUN  os  MERID. 

D. 

1 

9 
15 

23 

H.        It. 

1  49  ev. 

2  18  mo. 
5  51  ev. 
2  14  mo. 

H.         X. 

1  37  ev. 

2  6  mo. 
5  39  ev. 
2     2  mo. 

1  26  ev. 
1  55  mo. 
5  28  ev. 
1  51  mo. 

H.      n. 

1  13  ev. 

1  42  mo. 
5  15  ev. 
1  38  mo. 

1 

9 
17 
25 

H.       ■.        1. 

0    4     1 

0     1  40 
morning. 
11  57  54 

First  Quarter 

Pull  Moon     

Third  Quarter  •  •  •  • 

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POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK 


13 


5th  MONTH                                  MAY,     185  1.                                         31  DAYS. 

MOON'S    PHASES. 

BOSTON. 

NEW  YORK, 
a.      m. 

4     6  mo. 
8  38  mo. 
3     9  mo. 
8     9  ev. 
3  51  ev. 

BALTIMO'E. 

CHARLES'N. 

SUN  on  MERID. 

New  Moon- 
First  Quart 
Full  Moon 
Third  Quar 
New  Moon- 

er  •  •  •  • 
er- -  -  - 

D. 

1 

8 
15 
22 
30 

a.      m. 

4  18  mo. 
8  50  mo. 

3  21  mo. 
8  21  ev. 

4  3  ev. 

H.         M. 

3  55  mo. 
8  27  mo. 

2  58  mo. 
7  58  ev. 

3  40  ev. 

a.      m. 

3  42  mo. 

8  14  mo. 

2  45  mo. 
7  45  ev. 

3  27  ev. 

D. 

1 

9 
17 
25 

11  56  59 
11  56  16 
11  56     8 
11  56  36 

CALENDAR   FOR 
CHARLESTON ;  N.  CAROLI- 
NA, Tenn.,  Georgia,  Ala., 
Missis.,  and  Louisiana. 

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CALENDAR  FOR 
BALTIMORE;    VIR- 
GINIA,   Kentucky, 
and  Missouri. 

H.       M. 

sets. 

8  16 

9  20 

10  22 

11  20 
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0  14 

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1  43 

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4  37 

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9  40 

10  34 

11  22 
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0  39 

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1  41 

2  9 

2  36 

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3  33 

4  6 
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CALENDAR  FOR 
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Wisconsin,  and  Iowa. 

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POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK. 


6th  MONTH.                               JUNE,     1851.                                      30  DAYS.  ; 

MOON'S   PHASES. 

BOSTON. 

NEW  YORK. 

BALTIM'RE. 

CHARLES'N. 

1     8  ev. 
1  24  ev. 
1  15  ev. 

SUN  on  MER1D  ! 

First  Quarter  •  •  •  • 

D. 

6 
13 
21 
29 

1  44  ev. 

2  0  ev. 
1  51  ev. 
1  41  mo. 

H.         M. 

1  32  ev. 
1  48  ev. 
1  39  ev. 

1  29  mo. 

1  21  ev. 
1  37  ev. 
1  28  ev. 
1   18  mo. 

D. 

1 

9 
17 

H.         M.         S.      ! 

11  57  27 ! 
11  58  50 
ev.    0  28 
0     2  11 

Third  Quarter  •  •  •  • 

ev*       00 

CALENDAR    FOR 
CHARLESTON  ;  N.  CAROLI- 
NA, Tknn.,  Georgia,  Ala., 
Missis.,  and  Louisiana. 

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CALENDAR  FOR 

BALTIMORE;   VIR- 
GINIA,   Kentucky, 
and  Missouri. 

5  £ 

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CALENDAR  FOR 

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Conn.,  New  Jersey,  Penn., 

Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Ilm's. 

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4  33 
4  33 
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4  32 
4  32 
4  31 
4  31 
4  31 
4  31 
4  30 
4  30 
4  30 
4  30 
4  30 
4  30 
4  30 
4  30 
4  30 
4  30 
4  30 
4  31 
4  31 
4  31 
4  31 
4  32 
4  32 
4  32 
4  33 
4  33 
4  33 

CALENDAR    FOR 
BOSTON;  NEW  ENGLAND, 

New  York  State,  Michi'n, 
Wisconsin,  and  Iowa. 

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9  22 

lb  18 

11     8 
11  51 
morn. 

0  28 

1  32 

2  2 

2  33 

3  5 
3  41 

rises. 

8  33 

9  23 
10    7 

10  45 

11  18 
11  47 
morn. 

0    13 

0  38 

1  3 
1  30 

1  58 

2  31 

3  9 
3  54 

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POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK, 


1-i 


7th  MONTH. 


JUL!,    1851 


31  DAYS. 


MOON'S    PHASES. 


First  Quarter  • 
Full  Moon 
Third  Quarter-  • 
New  Moon  • 


BOSTON. 

u. 

6  24 

ev. 

2 

30 

mo. 

5 

55 

mo. 

9 

56 

mo. 

6  12  ev. 
2  18  mo. 
5  43  mo. 
9  44  mo. 


CHARI.ES'N.    SUN  on  MER1D 


6  1  ev. 
2  7  mo. 
5  32  mo. 
9  33  mo. 


5  48  ev. 
1  54  mo. 
5  19  mo. 
9  20  mo. 


3  25 

4  49 

5  46 

6  11 


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16 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK 


8th  MONTH. 


AUGUST,    1§51 


31  DAYS. 


MOOX'S   PHASES. 


First  Quarter 
Full  Moon-  -  • 
Third  Quarter 
New  Moon 


0  23  mo. 

4  59  ev. 
8  14  ev. 

5  36  ev. 


NEW  YORK. 


0  11  mo. 

4  47  ev. 

8     2  ev. 

5  24  ev. 


BALTIMORE. 


12     0  ev. 

4  36  ev. 
7  51  ev. 

5  13  ev. 


N. 


11  47  ev. 

4  23  ev. 
7  38  ev. 

5  0  ev. 


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17 
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POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK, 


17 


9th  month.           SEPTEMBER,    1§51.                 30  days. 

MOON'S   PHASES. 

BOSTON. 

NEW  YORK. 

BALTIM'RE. 

CHARLES'N. 

H.        M. 

8  33  mo. 
8  24  mo. 
8    9  mo. 
0  59  mo 

SUN  on  MERID. 

First  Quarter  • 

D. 

2 
10 
18 
25 

H.        M. 

9     9  mo. 
9     0  mo. 
8  45  mo. 
1  28  mo. 

8  57  mo. 
8  48  mo. 
8  33  mo. 
1   16  mo. 

h.      at. 

8  46  mo. 
8  37  mo. 
8  22  mo. 
1     5  mo. 

1 

9 

17 
0^ 

H.        M.        8. 

morning. 
11  57  18 
11  54  30 
11  51  43 

Third  Quarter  • 

CALENDAR    FOR 
CHARLESTON;  N.  CAROLI- 
NA, Tenn.,  Georgia,  Ala., 
Missis.,  and  Louisiana. 

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IS 


POOH    RICHARD 


ALMANACK 


10th  MONTH 


OCTOBER*    1851. 


31  DAYS. 


MOON'S    PHASES. 


First  Quarter  • 
Full  Moon    -  •  - 
Third  Quarter  - 
New  Moon 
First  Quarter  ■ 


9  46  ev. 

1  49  mo. 
7  29  ev. 

10  26  mo. 

2  34  ev. 


NEW  YORK 

H.  M. 

9  34  ev. 

1  37  mo. 
7  17  ev. 

10  14  mo. 

2  22  ev. 


BALTIMORE. 

H.         M. 

9  23  ev. 

1  26  mo. 

7     6  ev. 
10     3  mo. 

2  11  ev. 


CHARLES'N.     SUN  os  MER1D 


9  10  ev. 
1  13  mo. 
6  53  ev. 
9  50  mo. 
1  58  ev. 


49  44 
47  22 
45  28 
44  13 


85   a   c 


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19 


nth  month.            NOVEMBER,    1851.                    30  days. 

MOON'S   PHASES. 

BOSTON. 

NEW  YORK. 

BALTIM'RE. 
a.      m. 

6  14  ev. 
4  15  mo. 
8  59  ev. 
10  20  mo. 

CHARLES'N. 

H.        M. 

6     1  ev. 
4     2  mo. 
8  46  ev. 
10     7  mo. 

SUN  o»  MERIT). 

Full  Moon 
Third  Qua 
iS"ew  Mooi 
First  Qua 

D. 

8 
16 
22 
30 

H.         M. 

6  37  ev. 

4  38  mo. 

9  22  ev. 

10  43  mo. 

6  25  ev. 
4  26  mo. 
9  10  ev. 
10  31  mo. 

D. 

1 

9 

17 
25 

H.        M.        S. 

11  43  44 
11  43  59i 
11  45     7 
11  47     9 

rter 

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Wisconsin,  and  Iowa. 

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20 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK. 


12th  MONTH. 


DECEMBER,    1851 


31  DAYS. 


MOON'S   PHASES. 


Full  Moon 
Third  Quarter 
New  Moon 
First  Quarter 


10  43  mo. 

0  42  ev. 
10  50  mo. 

8  31  mo. 


NEW  YORK. 


10  31  mo. 

0  30  ev. 
10  38  mo. 

8  19  mo. 


10  20  mo. 

0  19  ev. 
10  27  mo. 

8    8  mo. 


CHARLES'X 

H.        M. 

10     7  mo. 

0     6  ev. 
10  14  mo. 

7  55  mo. 


SUN  o»  MERID, 


11  49  12 
11  52  31 
11  56  18 
ev.  0  17 


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rOOR   RICHARD    FOR   1736. 


PREFACE. 


Loving  Readers, 

Your  kind  acceptance  of  my  former  labours  has  encouraged  me  to  continue 
writing,  tho'  the  general  approbation  you  have  been  so  good  as  to  favour  me  with, 
has  excited  the  envy  of  some,  and  drawn  upon  me  the  malice  of  others.  These  iU- 
willers  of  mine,  despited  at  the  great  reputation  I  gain'd  by  exactly  predicting 
another  man's  death,  have  endeavoured  to  deprive  me  of  it  all  at  once  in  the  most 
effectual  manner,  by  reporting  that  I  myself  was  never  alive.  They  say,  in  short, 
that  there  is  no  such  a  man  as  I  am  ;  and  have  spread  this  notion  so  thoroughly  in 
the  country,  that  I  have  been  frequently  told  it  to  my  face  by  those  that  don't 
know  me.  This  is  not  civil  treatment,  to  endeavour  to  deprive  me  of  my  very  being, 
and  reduce  me  to  a  non-entity  in  the  opinion  of  the  publick.  But  so  long  as  I 
know  myself  to  walk  about,  eat,  drink  and  sleep,  I  am  satisfied  that  there  is  really 
such  a  man  as  lam,  whatever  they  may  say  to  the  contrary.  And  the  world  may 
be  satisfied  likewise,  for  if  there  was  no  such  man  as  I  am,  how  is  it  possible  I 
should  appear  publickly  to  hundreds  of  people,  as  I  have  done  for  several  years 
past,  in  print  ?  I  need  not,  indeed,  have  taken  any  notice  of  so  idle  a  report,  if  it 
had  not  been  for  the  sake  of  my  printer,  to  whom  my  enemies  are  pleased  to  as- 
cribe my  productions ;  and  who  it  seems  is  as  unwillingly  to  father  my  offspring 
as  I  am  to  lose  the  credit  of  it.  Therefore,  to  clear  him  entirely,  as  well  as  to  vin- 
dicate my  own  honour,  I  make  this  publick  and  serious  declaration,  which  I  desire 
may  be  believed,  to  wit :  That  what  I  have  written  heretofore,  and  do  noio  write, 
neither  was,  nor  is  written  by  any  other  man  or  men,  person  or  persons,  whatsoever. 
Those  who  are  not  satisfied  with  this,  must  needs  be  very  unreasonable. 

My  performance  for  this  year  follows ;  it  submits  itself,  kind  reader,  to  thy  cen- 
sure, but  hopes  (for)  thy  candor,  to  forgive  its  faults.  It  devotes  itself  entirelv  to 
thy  service,  and  wHl  serve  thee  faithfully.  And  if  it  has  the  good  fortune  to  please 
its  master,  'tis  gratification  enough  for  the  labour  of 

poor 

R.  SAUNDERS. 


22  POOR   RICHARD'S    ALMANACK. 

FOLLOWING  THE  PLANET'S  MOTIONS,  IS  THE  FOLLOWING: 

Presumptuous  man !  the  reason  would'st  thou  find 
Why  formed  so  weak,  so  little,  and  so  blind  ? 
First,  if  thou  canst,  the  harder  reason  guess, 
Why  formed  no  weaker,  blinder,  and  no  less  ? 
Ask  of  thy  mother  earth,  why  oaks  are  made 
Taller  or  stronger  than  the  weeds  they  shade  ? 
Or  ask  of  yonder  argent  fields  above, 
Why  Jove's  sattelites  are  less  than  Jove  ? 


POETRY  FOR  JANUARY. 

Some  have  leara't  many  tricks  of  sly  evasion, 

Instead  of  truth  they  use  equivocation, 

And  eke  it  out  with  mental  reservation, 

Which,  to  good  men,  is  an  abomination. 

Our  smith  of  late  most  wonderfully  swore, 

That  whilst  he  breathed  he  would  drink  no  more, 

But  since,  I  know  his  meaning,  for  I  think 

He  meant  he  would  not  breathe  whilst  he  did  drink 


MAXIMS. 

He  is  no  clown  that  drives  the  plow,  but  he  that  doth  clownish  things. 

If  you  know  how  to  spend  less  than  you  get,  you  have  the  philosopher's-stone 

The  good  pay-master  is  lord  of  another  man's  purse 

Fish  and  visiters  smell  in  three 


POETRY  FOR  FEBRUARY. 

Sam's  wife  provok'd  him  once  ;  he  broke  her  crown, 
The  surgeons  bill  amounted  to  five  pounds  ; 
This  blow  (she  brags)  has  cost  my  husband  dear, 
He'll  ne'er  strike  more,  Sam  chanc'd  to  overhear. 
Therefore,  before  his  wife  the  bill  he  pays, 
And  to  the  surgeon  in  her  hearing,  says : 
Doctor,  you  charge  five  pound,  here  e'en  take  ten, 
My  wife  may  chance  to  want  your  help  again. 


MAXIMS. 

He   that  has  neither  fools  nor  beggars  among  his  kindred,   is  the  son  of 
thunder-gust. 
.     Diligence  is  the  mother  of  good  luck. 

Do  not  do  that  which  you  would  not  have  known. 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK.  23 

POETRY  FOR  MARCH. 

Whate'er's  desired,  knowledge,  fame,  or  pelf, 
Not  one  will  change  his  neighbour  with  himself; 
The  learn'd  are  happy  nature  to  explore, 
The  fool  is  happy  that  he  knows  no  more. 
The  rich  are  happy  in  the  plenty  given ; 
The  poor  contents  lum  with  the  care  of  heaven. 
Thus  does  some  comfort  ev'ry  state  attend, 
And  pride's  bestowed  on  all,  a  common  friend. 


MAXIMS. 

Never  praise  your  cider  or  horse. 

Wealth  is  not  his  that  has  it,  but  lus  that  enjoys  it 

'Tis  easy  to  see,  hard  to  foresee. 

Tn  a  discreet  man's  mouth  a  publick  thing  is  private. 


POETRY  FOR  APRIL. 

By  nought  is  man  from  beast  distinguished, 
More  than  by  knowledge  in  his  learned  head, 
Then  youth  improve  thy  time,  but  cautious  see 
That  what  thou  learnest  somehow  useful  be  ; 
Each  day  improving,  Solon  waxed  old  ; 
For  time  he  knew  was  better  far  than  gold : 
Fortune  might  give  lum  gold  which  would  decay, 
But  fortune  cannot  give  him — yesterday. 


MAXIMS. 

Let  thy  maid-servant  be  faithful,  strong,  and  homely. 
Keep  flax  from  fire,  youth  from  gaming. 
Bargaining  has  neither  friends  nor  relations. 
Admiration  is  the  daughter  of  ignorance. 
There's  more  old  drunkards,  than  old  doctors. 


POETRY  FOR  MAY. 

Lalus  who  loves  to  hear  himself  discourse, 
Keeps  talking  still  as  if  he  frantick  were, 
And  tho'  himself  might  no  where  hear  a  worse, 
Yet  he  no  other  but  himself  will  hear. 
Stop  not  his  mouth,  if  he  be  troublesome, 
But  stop  his  ears,  and  then  the  man  is  dumb. 


24  POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK. 

MAXIMS. 

Here  comes  Courage  !  that  seized  the  lion  ahsent,  and  run  away  from  the  present 

mouse. 
He  that  takes  a  wife  takes  care. 

Nor  eye  in  a  letter,  nor  hand  in  a  purse,  nor  ear  in  the  secret  of  another. 
He  that  buys  by  the  penny,  maintains  not  only  himself,  but  other  people. 


POETRY  FOR  JUNE. 

Tilings  that  are  bitter,  bitterer  than  gall, 

Physicians  say  are  always  physical : 

Now  women's  tongues  if  into  powder  beaten, 

May  in  a  portion  or  a  pill  be  eaten, 

And  as  there's  nought  more  bitter,  I  do  muse, 

That  women's  tongues  in  physick  they  ne'er  use. 

Myself  and  others  who  lead  restless  lives, 

Would  spare  that  bitter  member  of  our  wives. 


He  that  can  have  patience  can  have  what  he  will. 

Now  I  have  a  sheep  and  a  cow,  every  body  bids  me  good  morrow. 

God  helps  them  that  help  themselves. 

"Why  does  the  blind  man's  wife  paint  herself  ? 


POETRY  FOR  JULY. 

Who  can  charge  Ebrio  with  a  thirst  of  wealth  ? 
See,  he  consumes  his  money,  time,  and  health 
In  drunken  frolicks,  which  will  all  confound, 
Neglects  his  farm,  forgets  to  till  his  ground ; 
His  stock  grows  less  that  might  be  kept  with  ease  ; 
In  nought  but  guts  and  debts  he  finds  increase  ; 
In  town  reels  as  if  he'd  shove  down  each  wall, 
Yet  walls  must  stand,  poor  soul,  or  he  must  fall. 


MAXIMS. 

None  preaches  better  than  the  ant,  and  she  says  nothing. 

The  absent  are  never  without  fault,  nor  the  present  without  excuse. 

Gifts  burst  rocks. 

If  wind  blows  on  you  through  a  hole, 

Make  your  will  and  take  care  of  your  soul 

The  rotten  apple  spoils  his  companion. 


POOR   RICHARD'S   ALMANACK.  25 

POETRY  FOR  AUGUST. 

The  tongue  was  once  a  servant  of  the  heart, 
And  what  it  gave  she  freely  did  impart ; 
But,  now  hypocrisy  is  grown  so  strong, 
The  heart's  become  a  servant  to  the  tongue. 
Virtue  we  praise,  but  practice  not  her  good, 
(Athenian-like)  we  act  not  what  we  know, 
As  many  men  do  talk  of  Robin  Hood, 
Who  never  did  shoot  arrow  in  his  bow. 


MAXIMS. 

Don't  tlirow  stones  at  your  neighbors',  if  your  own  windows  are  glass. 

The  excellency  of  hogs  is — fatness,  of  men — virtue. 

Good  wives  and  good  plantations  are  made  by  good  husbands. 

He  that  sells  upon  trust,  loses  many  friends,  and  always  wants  money. 


POETRY  FOR  SEPTEMBER. 

Briscap,  thou'st  little  judgement  in  thy  head 
More  than  to  dress  thee,  drink  and  go  to  bed  ; 
Yet  thou  shalt  have  the  wall  and  the  way  lead, 
Since  logick  wills  that  simple  things  preceed. 
Walking  and  meeting  one  not  long  ago, 
I  ask'd  who  'twas,  he  said,  he  did  not  know, 
I  said,  I  know  thee  ;  so  said  he,  I  you  ; 
But  he  that  knows  himself  I  never  knew. 


MAXIMS. 

Lovers,  travellers,  and  poets,  will  give  money  to  be  heard. 
He  that  speaks  much,  is  much  mistaken. 
Creditors  have  better  memories  than  debtors. 
Forewarn'd,  forearm'd. 


POETRY  FOR  OCTOBER. 

Whymsical  Will  once  fancy'd  he  was  ill, 

The  Doctor  call'd,  who  thus  examin'd  Will; 

Hoio  is  your  appetite  ?     O,  as  to  that 

I  eat  right  heartily,  you  see  I'm  fat ; 

How  is  your  sleep  anights  ?    'Tis  sound  and  good  ; 

I  eat,  drink,  sleep,  as  well  as  e'er  I  cou'd. 

Will,  says  the  doctor,  clapping  on  his  hat, 

I'll  give  you  something  shall  remove  all  that. 


26  POOR   RICHARD'S   ALMANACK. 

Maxims. 
Three  things  are  men  most  likely  to  be  cheated  in,  a  horse,  a  wig,  and  a  wife. 
He  that  lives  well  is  learned  enough. 

Poverty,  poetry,  and  new  titles  of  honour,  make  men  ridiculous. 
He  that  scatters  thorns,  let  him  not  go  barefoot. 
There's  none  deceived  but  he  that  trusts. 


PROSE  FOR  NOVEMBER. 

When  you  are  sick,  what  you  like  best  is  to  be  chosen  for  a  medicine  in  the 
first  place  ;  what  experience  tells  you  is  best,  to  be  chosen  in  the  second  place  ; 
what  reason  (i.  e.  Theory,)  says  is  best,  is  to  be  chosen  in  the  last  place.  But  if  you 
can  get  Dr.  Inclination,  Dr.  Experience,  and  Dr.  Reason  to  hold  a  consultation 
together,  they  will  give  you  the  best  advice  that  can  be  taken. 


God  heals  and  the  doctor  takes  the  fee. 

If  you  desire  many  things,  many  things  will  seem  but  a  few. 

Mary's  mouth  costs  her  nothing,  for  she  never  opens  it  but  at  others  expence. 

Receive  before  you  write,  but  write  before  you  pay. 

I  saw  few  die  of  hunger,  of  eating — 100,000. 


DECEMBER. 

O  nearer  the  earth  in  winter  than  in  summer,  15046  miles,  (his  lownes  and 
short  appearance  making  winter  cold,)  (fi  nearer  in  her  Perigon  than  Apogem, 
69512:  T?  nearer  49868  miles  :  2£  nearer  38613  miles  :  £  nearer  80608  miles  : 
?  nearer  6209  miles  :  £  nearer  181427  miles.  And  yet  £  is  never  distant  from 
the  O  a  whole  sign,  nor  ?   two.     You'll  never  find  a  >|<   Q    £  ,  nor  a  D    £)    ?. 


MAXIMS. 

Maids  of  America,  who  gave  you  bad  teeth  ? 

Answer.     Hot  soupings  and  frozen  apples. 

Marry  your  daughter  and  eat  fresh  fish  betimes. 

He  that  would  five  in  peace  and  at  ease, 

Must  not  speak  all  he  knews,  nor  judge  all  he  sees.    Adieu. 


In  my  last  year's  Almanack,  I  mentioned  that  the  visible  Eclipses  of  this  year 
1736,  portended  some  great  and  surprising  events  relating  to  these  Northern 
Colonies,  of lohich  I  proposed,  this  year  to  spealc  at  large.  But  as  those  events  are 
not  to  happen  immediately  this  year,  I  chuse  rather,  upon  second  thought,  to  defer 


POOR   RICHARD'S    ALMANACK.  07 

farther  mention  of  them,  till  the  publication  of  my  Almanack  for  that  year  in 
which  they  are  to  happen.  However,  that  the  reader  may  not  be  entirely  disappointed, 
here  follow,  for  his  present  amusement,  a  few 

ENIGMATICAL    PROPHECIES, 

Which  they  that  do  not  understand,  cannot  well  explain. 

1.  Before  the  middle  of  this  year,  a  wind  at  N.  East  will  arise,  during  which 
the  water  of  the  sea  and  rivers  will  be  in  such  a  mauner  raised,  that  great  part 
of  the  towns  of  Boston,  Newport,  New-York,  Philadelphia,  the  low  lands  of 
Maryland  and  Virginia,  and  the  town  of  Charleston  in  South  Carolina  will  be 
under  water.  Happy  will  it  be  for  the  sugar  and  salt,  standing  in  the  cellars  of 
those  places,  if  there  be  tight  roofs  and  cielings  overhead  ;  othenvise  without  being 
a  Conjurer,  a  man  may  easily  foretel  that  such  commodities  will  receive  damage. 

2.  About  the  middle  of  the  year,  great  number  of  vessels  fully  laden,  will  be 
taken  out  of  the  ports  aforesaid,  by  a  power  with  which  we  are  not  now  at  war, 
and  whose  forces  shall  not  be  descried  or  seen,  either  coming  or  going.  But  in 
the  end  this  may  not  be  disadvantageous  to  those  places. 

3.  However,  not  long  after,  a  visible  Army  of  20,000  Musketers  will  land,  some 
in  Virginia  and  Maryland,  and  some  in  the  lower  counties  on  both  sides  of  Delaware, 
who  will  over-run  the  country,  and  sorely  annoy  the  inhabitants  :  But  the  air  in 
this  climate  will  agree  with  them  so  ill  towards  winter,  that  they  will  die  in  the 
beginning  of  cold  weather  like  rotten  sheep,  and  by  Christmas  the  inhabitants  will 
get  the  better  of  them. 

Note, — In  my  next  Almanack  these  Enigmatical  Prophecies  will  be  explained. 


AFTER  A  LIST  OF  COURTS  IS  THE  FOLLOWING: 

For  gratitude  there's  none  exceed  'em, 

(Their  clients  know  this  when  they  bleed  'em,) 

Since  they  who  give  most  for  their  laws, 

Have  most  return'd,  and  carry  th'  Cause. 

All  know,  except  an  arrant  Tory, 

That  Right  and  Wrong  's  meer  Ceremony, 

It  is  enough  that  the  law  jargon, 

Gives  the  best  bidder  the  best  bargain. 


POOR   RICHARD    FOR   1737. 


PREFACE. 


Courteous  and  kind  Reader, 

This  is  the  fifth  time  I  have  appeared  in  publick,  chalking  out  the  future  year 
for  my  honest  countrymen,  and  foretelling  what  shall,  and  what  may,  and  what 
may  not  come  to  pass  ;  in  which  I  have  the  pleasure  to  find  that  I  have  given 
general  satisfaction.  Indeed,  among  the  multitude  of  our  astrological  predictions, 
'tis  no  wonder  if  some  few  fail ;  for,  without  any  defect  in  the  art  itself,  'tis  well 
known  that  a  small  error,  a  single  wrong  figure  overseen  in  a  calculation,  may 
occasion  great  mistakes  :  But,  however,  we  Almanack-makers  may  miss  it  in  other 
things,  I  believe  it  will  generally  be  allowed  that  we  always  hit  the  day  of  the 
month,  and  that  I  suppose  is  esteem'd  one  of  the  most  useful  things  in  an  Almanack. 

As  to  the  weather,  if  I  was  to  fall  into  the  method  my  brother  J n  some- 
times uses,  and  tell  you,  Snow  here,  or  in  New-England, — Rain  here,  or  in  South 
Carolina, — Cold  to  the  northward, —  Warm  to  the  southward,  and  the  like,  whatever 
errors  I  might  commit,  I  should  be  something  more  secure  of  not  being  detected  in 
them  :  But  I  consider  it  will  be  of  no  service  to  any  body  to  know  what  weather 
it  is  1000  miles  off,  and  therefore  I  always  set  down  positively  what  weather  my 
reader  will  have,  be  he  where  he  will  at  the  time.  We  modestly  desire  only  the 
favourable  allowance  of  a  day  or  two  before,  and  a  day  or  two  after  the  precise  day 
against  which  the  weather  is  set ; — and  if  it  does  not  come  to  pass  accordingly,  let 
the  fault  be  laid  upon  the  printer,  who,  'tis  very  like,  may  have  transposed  or 
misplac'd  it,  perhaps  for  the  conveniency  of  putting  in  his  holidays  :  and  since,  in 
spight  of  all  I  can  say,  people  will  give  him  great  part  of  the  credit  of  making  my 
Almanacks,  'tis  but  reasonable  he  should  take  some  share  of  the  blame. 

I  must  not  here  omit  to  thank  the  publick  for  the  gracious  and  kind  encourage- 
ment they  have  hitherto  given  me  : — But  if  the  generous  purchaser  of  my  labours 
could  see  how  often  his  Fi 'pence  helps  to  fight  up  the  comfortable  fire,  line  the  pot, 
fill  the  cup  and  make  glad  the  heart  of  a  poor  man,  and  an  honest  good  old  woman, 
he  would  not  think  his  money  ill  laid  out,  though  the  Almanack  of  his  friend  and 
servant, 

R  SAUNDERS, 
were  one  half  blank  paper. 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK.  29 

HINTS  TO  THOSE  THAT  WOULD  BE  RICH. 

The  use  of  money  is  all  the  advantage  there  is  in  having  money. 

For  6£  a  year  you  may  have  use  of  100£,  if  you  are  a  man  of  known  prudence 
and  honesty. 

He  that  spends  a  groat  a-day  idly,  spends  idly  above  6£  a  year,  which  is  the 
price  of  using  100£. 

He  that  wastes  idly  a  groat's  worth  of  his  time  per  day,  one  day  with  another, 
wastes  the  privilege  of  using  100£  each  day. 

He  that  idly  loses  5  s.  worth  of  time,  loses  5  s.,  and  might  as  prudently  throw 
5  s.  into  the  river. 

He  that  loses  5s.  not  only  loses  that  sum,  but  all  the  other  advantage  that 
might  be  made  by  turning  it  in  dealing,  which,  by  the  time  a  young  man  becomes 
old,  amounts  to  a  comfortable  bag  of  money. 

Again,  He  that  sells  upon  credit,  asks  a  price  for  what  he  sells  equivalent  to 
the  principal  and  interest  of  his  money  for  the  time  he  is  like  to  be  kept  out  of 
it ; — therefore, 

He  that  buys  upon  credit  pays  interest  for  what  he  buys, 

And  he  that  pays  ready  money,  might  let  that  money  out  to  use  ;  so  that 

He  that  possesses  anything  he  has  bought,  pays  interest  for  the  use  of  it. 

Consider  then,  when  you  are  tempted  to  buy  any  unnecessary  household  stuff, 
or  any  superfluous  thing,  whether  you  will  be  willing  to  pay  interest,  and  interest 
upon  interest  for  it  as  long  as  you  live,  and  more  if  it  grows  worse  by  using. 

Yet,  in  buying  goods,  His  best  to  pay  ready  money,  because, 

He  that  sells  upon  credit,  expects  to  lose  5  per  cent,  by  bad  debts  ;  therefore 
he  charges  on  all  he  sells  upon  credit,  an  advance  that  shall  make  up  that  de- 
ficiency. 

Those  who  pay  for  what  they  buy  upon  credit,  pay  their  share  of  this  advance. 

He  that  pays  ready  money,  escapes,  or  may  escape,  that  charge. 

A  penny  saved  is  two  pence  clear.  A  pin  a-day  is  a  groat  a-year.  Save 
and  have. 

Every  little  makes  a  mickle. 


POETRY  FOR  JANUARY. 

God  offer'd  to  the  Jews  salvation, 
And  'twas  refus'd  by  half  the  nation  : 
Thus  (tho'  'tis  life's  great  preservation,) 
Many  oppose  innoculation. 
We  're  told  by  one  of  the  black  robe, 
The  devil  innoculated  Job : 
Suppose  'tis  true,  what  he  does  tell ; 
Pray,  neighbours,  did  not  Job  do  well  ? 


30  POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK. 

MAXIMS 

The  master-piece  of  man,  is  to  live  to  the  purpose. 
He  that  steals  the  old  man's  supper  do's  him  no  wrong. 


POETRY  FOR  FEBRUARY. 

The  Thracian  infant,  entering  into  life, 
Both  parents  mourn  for,  both  receive  with  grief; 
The  Thracian  infant  snatched  by  Death  away, 
Both  parents  to  the  grave  with  joy  convey. 
This  Greece  and  Rome  you  with  derision  view, 
This  is  meer  Thracian  ignorance  to  you ; 
But  if  you  weigh  the  custom  you  despise, 
This  Thracian  ignorance  may  teach  the  wise. 


MAXIMS. 

A  countryman  between  two  lawyers,  is  like  a  fish  between  two  cats. 
He  that  can  take  rest  is  greater  than  he  that  can  take  cities. 
The  miser's  cheese  is  wholesomest. 


POETRY  FOR  MARCH. 

Doris  a  widow  past  her  prime, 

Her  spouse  long  dead,  her  wailing  doubles 
Her  real  griefs  increase  by  time  ; 

What  might  abate,  improves  her  troubles. 
Those  pangs  her  prudent  hopes  supprest, 

Impatient  now  she  cannot  smother, 
How  should  the  helpless  woman  rest  ? 

One's  gone  ; — nor  can  she  get  another. 


MAXIMS. 

Love  and  Lordship  hate  companions. 

The  nearest  way  to  come  at  glory,  is  to  do  that  for  conscience  which  we  do  for 

glory. 
There  is  much  money  given  to  be  laught  at,  though  the  purchasers  don't  know  it ; 

witness  A's  fine  horse,  and  B's  fine  house. 


POETRY  FOR  APRIL. 

A  nymph  and  a  swain  to  Apollo  once  prayed, 

The  swain  had  been  jilted,  the  nymph  been  betray'd 

They  came  for  to  try  if  his  oracle  knew, 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK.  31 

E'er  a  nymph  that  was  chaste,  or  a  swain  that  was  true. 
Apollo  stood  mute,  and  had  like  t'  have  been  pos'd, . 
At  length  he  thus  sagely  the  question  disclos'd  ; 
He  alone  may  be  true  in  whom  none  will  confide, 
And  the  nymph  may  be  chaste  that  has  never  been  try'd. 


MAXIMS. 

He  that  can  compose  liimself,  is  wiser  than  he  that  composes  books. 
Poor  Dick  eats  like  a  well  man,  and  drinks  like  a  sick. 
After  crosses  and  losses,  men  grow  humbler  and  wiser. 
Love,  cousrh,  and  a  smoke,  can't  well  be  hid. 


POETRY  FOR  MAY. 

Rich  Gripe  does  all  his  thoughts  and  cunning  bend 
T  increase  that  wealth  he  wants  the  soul  to  spend, 
Poor  Shifter  does  his  whole  contrivance  set, 
To  spend  that  wealth  he  wants  the  sense  to  get 
How  happy  would  appear  to  each  his  fate, 
Had  Gripe  his  humour,  or  he  Gripe's  estate  ? 
Kind  fate  and  fortune,  blend  'em  if  you  can, 
And  of  two  wretches  make  one  happy  man. 


MAXIMS. 

Well  done  is  better  than  well  said. 

Fine  linnen,  girls  and  gold  so  bright, 

Chuse  not  to  take  by  candle  light. 

He  that  can  travel  well  a-foot,  keeps  a  good  horse. 

There  are  no  ugly  loves,  nor  handsome  prisons. 

No  better  relation  than  a  prudent  and  faithful  friend. 


POETRY  FOR  JUNE. 

Boy,  bring  a  bowl  of  china  here, 
Fill  it  with  water  cool  and  clear  ; 
Decanter  with  Jamaica  ripe, 
And  spoon  of  silver,  clean  and  bright, 
Sugar  twice-fin'd  in  pieces  cut, 
Knife,  sieve,  and  glass  in  order  put, 
Bring  forth  the  fragrant  fruit,  and  then 
We'er  happy  till  the  clock  strikes  ten. 


32         POOR  RICHARD'S  ALMANACK. 

MAXIMS. 

A  traveller  should  have  a  hog's  nose,  deer's  legs  and  an  ass's  back. 
At  the  working  man's  house  hunger  looks  in,  but  dares  not  enter. 
A  good  lawyer,  a  bad  neighbour. 

POETRY  FOR  JTJLY. 

Impudent  Jack,  who  now  lives  by  his  shifts, 
Borrowing  of  driblets,  boldly  begging  gifts, 
For  twenty  shillings  lent  him  t'other  day, 
(By  one  who  ne'er  expected  he  would  pay,) 
On  his  friend's  paper  fain  a  note  wou'd  write ; 
His  friend,  as  needless,  did  refuse  it  quite  ; 
Paper  was  scarce,  and  'twas  too  hard,  it's  true, 
To  part  with  cash,  and  lose  his  paper  too. 


MAXIMS. 

Certainlie  these  things  agree,  the  priest,  the  lawyer,  and  death,  all  three 

Death  takes  both  the  weak  and  the  strong, 

The  lawyer  takes  from  both  right  and  wrong, 

And  the  priest  from  the  living  and  dead  has  his  fee. 

The  worst  wheel  of  the  cart  makes  the  most  noise. 


POETRY  FOR  AUGUST. 

On  his  death  bed  poor  Lubin  lies  ; 

His  spouse  is  in  despair ; 
With  frequent  sobs,  and  mutual  cries 

They  both  express  their  care. 
A  diff 'rent  cause,  says  parson  Sly, 

The  same  effect  may  give, 
Poor  Lubin  fears  that  he  shall  die  ; 

His  wife — that  he  may  live. 


MAXIMS. 

Don't  misinform  your  doctor  nor  your  lawyer. 

I  never  saw  an  oft-transplanted  tree, 

Nor  yet  an  oft-removed  family, 

That  throve  so  well  as  those  that  settled  be. 


POETRY  FOR  SEPTEMBER. 

To-morrow  you'll  reform,  you  always  cry 
In  what  far  country  does  this  morrow  he, 


POOR  RICHARD'S  ALMANACK.         33 

That  'tis  so  mighty  long  ere  it  arrive  ? 
Beyond  the  Indies  does  tlris  morrow  live  ? 
'lis  so  far-fetched,  this  morrow,  that  I  fear 
'Twill  be  both  very  old,  and  very  dear. 
Tomorrow  I'll  reform,  the  fool  does  say  ; 
To-day  itself 's  too  late  ; — the  wise  did  yesterday. 


MAXIMS. 

Let  the  letter  stay  for  the  post,  and  not  the  post  for  the  letter. 

Three  good  meals  a  day  is  bad  living. 

'Tis  better  leave  for  an  enemy  at  one's  death,  than  beg  of  a  friend  in  one's  life. 

To  whom  thy  secret  thou  dost  tell, 

To  him  thy  freedom  thou  dost  sell. 


POETRY  FOR  OCTOBER. 
On  T.  T.  who  destroyed  his  Landlord's  fine  wood. 
Indulgent  nature  to  each  kind  bestows, 
A  secret  instinct  to  discern  its  foes : 
The  goose,  a  silly  bud,  avoids  the  fox ; 
Lambs  fly  from  wolves  ;  and  sailors  steer  from  rocks ; 
A  rogue  the  gallows,  as  his  fate,  forsees, 
And  bears  the  like  antipathy  to  trees. 


MAXIMS. 

If  you'd  have  a  servant  that  you  like,  serve  yourself. 

He  that  pursues  two  hares  at  once,  does  not  catch  one  and  lets  t'other  go. 

If  you  want  a  neat  wife,  chuse  her  on  a  Saturday. 

If  you  have  time,  don't  wait  for  time. 


POETRY  FOR  NOVEMBER. 

You  say  you'll  spend  five  hundred  pound, 

The  world  and  men  to  know, 
And  take  a  tour  all  Europe  round, 

Improving  as  you  go. 
Dear  Sam,  in  search  of  other's  sense, 

Discover  not  your  own  ; 
But  wisely  double  the  expence, 

That  you  may  pass  unknown. 


3i  POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK. 


Tell  a  nuser  he's  rich,  and  a  woman  she's  old,  you'll  get  no  money  of  one,  nor 

kindness  of  t'other. 
Don't  go  to  the  doctor  with  every  distemper,  nor  to  the  lawyer  with  every  quarrel, 

nor  to  the  pot  for  every  thirst. 


POETRY  FOR  DECEMBER. 

Women  are  books,  and  men  the  readers  be, 

Who  sometimes  in  those  books  erratas  see  ; 

Yet  oft  the  reader's  raptured  with  each  line, 

Fair  print  and  paper,  fraught  with  sense  divine  ; 

TLo'  some,  neglectful,  seldom  care  to  read, 

And  faithful  wives  no  more  than  bibles  heed. 

Are  women  books  ?  says  Hodge,  then  would  mine  were 

An  Almanack,  to  change  her  every  year. 


MAXIMS. 

The  creditors  are  a  superstitious  sect,  great  observers  of  set  days  and  times. 
The  noblest  question  in  the  world  is,  What  good  may  I  do  in  it? 
Nee  sibi,  sed  toto,  genitum  se  credere  mundo. 
Nothing  so  popular  as  goodness. 


In  my  last  I  published  some  Enigmatical  Prophecies,  which  I  did  not  expect 
any  one  would  take  for  serious  predictions.  The  explanation  I  promised  follows, 
viz : 

1.  The  water  of  the  sea  and  rivers  is  raised  in  vapours  by  the  sun,  is  form'd 
into  clouds  in  the  air,  and  thence  descends  in  rain.  Now  when  there  is  rain  over- 
head (which  frequently  happens  when  the  wind  is  at  N.  E.)  the  cities  and  places  on 
the  earth  below,  are  certainly  under  water. 

2.  The  power  with  which  we  were  not  then  at  war,  but  which,  it  was  said,  would 
take  many  full  laden  vessels  out  of  our  ports  before  the  end  of  the  year,  is  the 
Wind,  whose  forces  also  are  not  descried  either  coming  or  going. 

3.  The  army  which  it  was  said  would  land  in  Virginia,  Maryland,  and  the 
lower  counties  on  Delaware,  were  not  Musketeers  with  guns  on  their  shoulders 
as  some  expected ;  but  their  namesakes,  in  pronunciation,  tho'  truly  spelt 
Moschitos,  arm'd  only  with  a  sharp  sting.  Every  one  knows  they  are  fish  before 
they  fly,  being  bred  in  the  water ;  and  therefore  may  properly  be  said  to  land 
before  they  become  generally  troublesome. 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK. 


35 


A  WONDERFUL  PROPHECY. 
For  January,  1737,  ichich  consists  entirely  of  odd  figures. 

E'er  of  this  odd  odd  year  one  month  has  roll'd, 
What  wonders,  reader,  shall  the  world  behold  ! 
Four  kings  with  mighty  force  shall  Albion's  isle 
Infest  with  wars  and  tumults  for  a- while  ; 
Then  some  shall  unexpected  treasures  gain, 
While  some  mourn  o'er  an  empty  purse  in  vain : 
And  many  a  Christian's  heart  shall  ake  for  fear, 
When  they  the  dreadful  sound  of  trump  shall  hear. 
Dead  bones  shall  then  be  tumbled  up  and  down, 
In  every  city  and  in  every  town. 


RATTLE-SNAKE  HERB. 

The  Indians  long  made  a  secret  of  the  herb  they  used  in 
curing  the  bite  of  that  venomous  reptile  a  Rattlesnake  ;  I  hope 
it  will  be  an  acceptable  service  to  these  parts  of  the  world,  if  I 
make  it  publick  by  the  following  description,  with  the  figure 
of  a  leaf  of  it. 

The  top  and  branches  of  the  plant,  are  thick  set  with 
small  yellow  flowers  in  August  and  September.  It  is  a  species 
of  Golden-Rod,  known  from  the  other  sorts  by  the  smoothness 
of  the  leaf,  and  its  pungent  taste,  and  occasioning  when  chewed 
and  swallow'd,  a  small  stoppage  of  the  breath,  and  contraction 
in  the  thoat ;  and  the  stalk  which  is  in  some  places  less  than 
a  yard  in  height  when  at  full  growth,  in  others  more,  is  of  a 
dull  purple  colour,  and  smooth,  and  cover'd  with  a  fine  blue 
dust,  like  that  on  many  of  the  English  plums.  It  grows  in 
most  woodlands,  but  under  the  shade  of  trees  is  seldom  rank 
or  large,  or  with  more  than  one,  two,  or  three  stalks.  It  is 
also  found  on  the  banks  of  dry  ditches,  and  sometimes  in  them 
and  in  hedge-rows.  But  it  is  most  luxuriant  near  to  run-sides, 
if  the  soil  be  rich,  and  not  too  moist,  nor  too  much  shaded. 
The  root  continues  over  the  winter,  and  if  set  in  a  good  garden, 
will   send    forth  (in  the  2d  or  3d   year,)  at   least  50  stalks. 

The  Indians  use  it  variously  ;  sometimes  they  bruise  it 
between  stones,  and  sometimes  chew  it  and  spit  in  the  patient's 
mouth,  some  lay  it  to  the  wound,  others  about  the  wound,  some- 
times they  boil  it  and  give  the  water  to  drink,  washing  the 
wound  with  it  likewise ;  but  always  some  of  it  is  to  be  swal- 
lowed, either  with  the  spittle  or  with  water, 
leaf  figur'd  in  the  margin  is  one  of  the  largest ;  for  the  most  part  they  are 
•  so  big  though  the  shape  be  the  same. 


POOR  RICHARD    FOR   1738, 


PREFACE    BY    MISTRESS    SAUNDERS 


Dear  Readers, 

My  good  man  set  out  last  week  for  Potowmack,  to  vist  an  old  stargazer  of  his 
acquaintance,  and  to  see  about  a  little  place  for  us  to  settle  and  end  our  days  on. 
He  left  a  copy  of  his  Almanack  seal'd  up,  and  bid  me  send  it  to  the  press.  I 
suspected  something,  and  therefor,  as  soon  as  he  was  gone,  I  open'd  it,  to  see  if  he 
had  not  been  flinging  some  of  his  old  skitts  at  me.  Just  as  I  thought,  so  it  was. 
And  truly  (for  want  of  somewhat  else  to  say,  I  suppose,)  he  had  put  into  his 
preface,  that  his  wife  Bridget  was  tliis,  and  that,  and  t'other.  What  a  peasecods  ! 
cannot  I  have  a  little  fault  or  two,  but  all  the  country  must  see  it  in  print !  They 
have  already  been  told,  at  one  time  that  I  am  proud,  another  time  that  I  am  loud, 
and  that  I  have  got  a  new  petticoat,  and  abundance  of  that  kind  of  stuff;  and  now 
forsooth !  all  the  world  must  know,  that  poor  Dick's  wife  has  lately  taken  a  fancy 
to  drink  a  little  tea  now  and  then.  A  mighty  matter  truly,  to  make  a  song  of! 
"lis  true  I  had  a  little  tea  of  a  present  from  the  Printer  last  year ;  and  what,  must 
a-body  throw  it  away  ?  In  short,  I  thought  the  preface  was  not  worth  a-printing, 
and  so  I  fairly  scratch'd  it  all  out,  and  I  believe  you'll  like  our  Almanack  never  the 
worse  for  it. 

Upon  looking  over  the  months,  I  see  he  has  put  in  abundance  of  foul  weather 
this  year  ;  and  therefor  I  have  scattered  here  and  there,  where  I  could  find  room, 
some  fair,  pleasant,  sunshiny,  <fcc,  for  the  good  women  to  dry  their  clothes  in.  If 
it  does  not  come  to  pass  according  to  my  desire,  I  have  shown  my  goodwill,  how- 
ever ;  and  I  hope  they  '11  take  it  in  good  part. 

I  had  a  design  to  make  some  other  corrections ;  and  particularly  to  change 
some  of  the  verses  that  I  don't  very  well  like  ;  but  I  have  just  now  unluckily  broke 
my  spectacles ;  which  obliges  me  to  give  it  you  as  it  is,  and  conclude. 

Your  loving  friend, 

BRIDGET  SAUNDERS. 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK.  37 

UNDER  THE  HEAD  OF  ECLIPSES,  APPEARS  THE  FOLLOWING  : 

You  will  excuse  me  dear  readers,  that  I  afford  you  no  eclipses  of  the  moon 
this  year.     The  truth  is,  I  do  not  find  they  do  you  any  good. 

When  there  is  one  you  are  apt  in  observing  it  to  expose  yourselves  too  much 
and  too  long  to  the  night  air,  whereby  great  numbers  of  you  catch  cold.  Which 
was  the  case  last  year,  to  my  very  great  concern.  However,  if  you  will  promise 
to  take  more  care  of  yourselves,  you  shall  have  a  fine  one  to  stare  at  the  year  after 
next. 


POETRY  FOR  JANUARY. 

Dick's  wife  was  sick,  and  pos'd  the  doctor's  skill, 
Who  drfifer'd  how  to  cure  th'  inveterate  ill. 
Purging  the  one  prescribed.     No,  quoth  another, 
That  will  do  neither  good  nor  harm  my  brother, 
Bleeding 's  the  only  way  ;  t'was  quick  reply'd, 
That's  certain  death  ;  but  e'en  let  Dick  decide. 
"  Fse  no  great  skill,"  quo'  Richard,  "  by  the  Hood, 
But  I  think  bleeding's  like  to  do  most  good." 


MAXIMS. 

There  are  three  faithful  friends — an  old  wife,  an  old  dog,  and  ready  money. 
Great  talkers  should  be  crop'd,  for  they  have  no  need  of  ears. 
If  you  would  have  your  shoes  last,  put  no  nails  in  'em. 
Who  has  deceiv'd  thee  so  oft  as  thyself? 


POETRY  FOR  FEBRUARY. 

In  Christendom  we  all  are  christians  now, 

And  thus  I  answer,  if  you  ask  me  how ; 

Where  with  Christ's  rules  our  lives  will  not  comply, 

We  bend  it  like  a  rule  of  lead,  say  I ; 

Makiug  it  thus  comply  with  what  we  be, 

And  only  thus  our  lives  with  th'  rule  agree. 

But  from  our  fathers  we've  the  name  perchance, 

So  as  our  king  is  called  the  king  of  France. 


MAXIMS. 

Is  there  anything  men  take  more  pains  about  than  to  make  themselves  unhappy  ? 
Nothing  brings  more  pain  than  too  much  pleasure  ;   nothing  more  bondage  than 

too  much  liberty,  (or  libertinism.) 
Read  much,  but  not  too  many  books. 


38  POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK. 

PROSE  FOR  MARCH. 

Jack's  wife  was  bom  in  Wiltshire,  brought  up  in  Cumberland,  led  much  of  her 
life  in  Bedfordshire,  sent  her  husband  into  Huntingtonshire  in  order  to  send  him 
into  Buckinghamshire.  But  he  took  courage  in  Hartfordshire,  and  carried  her  in- 
to Staffordshire,  or  else  he  might  have  lived  and  died  in  Shrewsbury. 


MAXIMS. 

He  that  would  have  a  short  Lent,  let  him  borrow  money  to  be  repaid  at  Easter 
Write  with  the  learned,  pronounce  with  the  vulgar. 
Fly  pleasures,  and  they'll  follow  you. 


>> 


POETRY  FOR  APRIL. 

That  all  from  Adam  first  begun, 
Since  none  but  Whiston  doubts, 


"c  And  that  his  son,  and  his  son's  son 

O  Were  ploughmen,  clowns  and  louts  : 

2  Here  lies  the  only  difference  now, 

Some  shot  off  late,  some  soon  ; 
^  Your  sires  i'th'  morning  left  the  plow, 

And  ours  i'th'  afternoon. 


Caesar  did  not  merit  the  triumphal  car  more  than  he  that  conquers  himself. 
Hast  thou  virtue  ? — acquire  also  the  graces  and  beauties  of  virtue. 
Buy  what  thou  hast  no  need  of,  and  e'er  long  thou  shalt  sell  thy  necessaries. 
If  thou  hast  wit  and  learning,  add  to  it  wisdom  and  modesty. 


A  FRUGAL  THOUGHT. 


In  an  acre  of  land  are  43,560  square  feet. 

In  100  acres  are  4,356,000  square  feet ; 

Twenty  pounds  will  buy  100  acres  of  the  proprietor. 

In  £20  are  4,800  pence ;  by  which  divide  the 

Number  of  feet  in  100  acres  ;  and  you  will  find 

That  one  penny  will  buy  907  square  feet ;  or 

A  lot  of  30  feet  square. — Save  your  pence. 


MAXIMS. 


You  may  be  more  happy  than  princes,  if  you  will  be  more  virtuous. 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK.  39 

it  be  forgotten,  as  soon  as  you  are  dead  a 
eading.  or  do  things  worth  the  writing. 
Sell  not  virtue  to  purchase  wealth,  nor  liberty  to  purchase  power. 


If  you  would  not  be  forgotten,  as  soon  as  you  are  dead  and  rotten,  either  write 
things  worth  reading,  or  do  things  worth  the  writing:. 


POETRY  FOR  JUNE. 
Epitaph  on  a  talkative  Old  Maid. 
Beneath  this  silent  stone  is  laid, 
A  noisy,  antiquated  maid, 
Who,  from  her  cradle  talk'd  'till  death, 
And  ne'er  before  was  out  of  breath. 
Whither  she's  gone  we  cannot  tell ; 

For  if  she  talks  not,  she's  in ! 

If  she's  in ,  she's  there  unblest 

Because  she  hates  a  place  of  rest. 


MAXIMS. 

Let  thy  vices  die  before  thee. 

Keep  your  eyes  wide  open  before  marriage,  half  shut  afterwards. 

The  ancients  tell  us  what  is  best :  but  we  must  learn  of  the  moderns  what  is  fittest. 


POETRY  FOR  JULY. 

One  month  a  lawyer,  thou  the  next  will  be 
A  grave  physician,  and  the  third  a  priest : 
Chuse  quickly  one  profession  of  the  three, 
Marry'd  to  her  thou  yet  may'st  court  the  rest. 
Resolve  at  once  ;  deliberate  no  more  ; 
Leap  in,  and  stand  not  shiv'ring  on  the  shore. 
On  any  one  amiss  thou  can'st  not  fall ; 
Thou'lt  end  in  nothing,  if  thou  grasps  at  all. 


MAXIMS. 

Since   I  cannot   govern  my  own  tongue  tho'  within  my  own  teeth,  how  can  I 

hope  to  govern  the  tongues  of  others  ? 
Tis  less  discredit  to  abridge  petty  charges,  than  to  stoop  to  petty  gettings. 
Since  thou  art  not  sure  of  a  minute,  throw  not  away  an  hour. 


POETRY  FOR  AUGUST. 

While  faster  than  his  costive  brain  indites, 
Philo's  quick  hand  in  flowing  nonsense  writes, 


40  rOOR   RICHARD'S   ALMANACK 

His  case  appears  to  me  like  honest  Tear/tie's, 
When  he  was  run  away  with  by  his  legs. 
Phoebus,  give  Philo  o'er  himself  command ; 
Quicken  his  senses,  or  restrain  his  hand; 
Let  him  be  kept  from  paper,  pen  and  ink  ; 
So  he  mav  cease  to  write  and  learn  to  think. 


MAXIMS. 

If  you  do  what  you  should  not,  you  must  hear  what  you  would  not. 

Defer  not  thy  well  doing  ;  be  not  like  St.  George,  who  is  always  a-horseback,  and 

never  rides  on. 
"Wish  not  so  much  to  live  long,  as  to  live  well 


POETRY  FOR,  SEPTEMBER. 
These  lines  may  be  read  backward  or  forward. 
Joy,  Mirth,  Triumph,  I  do  defie  ; 
Destroy  me  death  fain  would  I  die  : 
Forlorn  am  I,  love  is  exil'd, 
Scorn  smiles  thereat ;  hope  is  beguil'd, 

Men  banish'd  bliss,  in  woe  must  dwell, 
Then  joy,  mirth,  triumph,  all  farewell. 


MAXIMS. 

As  we  must  account  for  every  idle  word,  so  we  must  for  every  idle  silence. 

I  have  never  seen  the  Philosopher's  stone  that  turns  lead  into  gold,  but  I  have 

known  the  pursuit  of  it  turn  a  man's  gold  into  lead. 
Never  intreat  a  servant  to  dwell  with  thee. 


POETRY  FOR  OCTOBER. 
Ji  doubtful  meaning. 
The  female  kind  is  counted  ill : 
And  is  indeed  :  the  contrary  ; — 
No  man  can  find  :  that  hurt  they  will : 
But  every  wbere  :  shew  charity  : 
To  nobody ;  malicious  still ;        fc 
In  word  or  deed :  believe  you  me. 


MAXIMS. 

Time  ia  an  herb  that  cures  all  diseases. 


POOR    RICHARD'S    ALMANACK.  41 

Reading  makes  a  full  man — meditation  a  profound  man — discourse  a  clear  man. 
If  any  man  flatters  me,  I'll  flatter  him  again,  though  he  were  my  best  friend. 


POETRY  FOR  NOVEMBER. 

A  monster  in  a  course  of  vice  grown  old, 
Leaves  to  his  gaping  heir  his  ill  gain'd  gold  ; 
The  preacher  fee'd,  strait  are  his  virtues  shown  ; 
And  render'd  lasting  by  the  sculpturd  stone. 
If  on  the  stone  or  sermon  we  rely, 
Pity  a  worth  like  his,  should  ever  die  ! 
If  credit  to  his  real  life  we  give, 
Pity  a  wretch  like  him,  should  ever  live. 


MAXIMS. 

Wish  a  miser  long  life,  and  you  wish  him  no  good. 

None  but  the  well-bred  man  knows  how  to  confess  a  fault,  or  acknowledge  himself 

in  an  error. 
Drive  thy  business  ; — let  not  that  drive  thee. 
There  is  much  difference  between  imitating  a  good  man,  and  counterfeiting  him. 


POETRY  FOR  DECEMBER. 

The  wise  man  says,  it  is  a  wise  maris  part 

To  keep  his  tongue  close  prisoner  in  his  heart. 

If  he  then  be  a  fool  whose  thought  denies 

There  is  a  God,  how  desp'rately  unwise, 

How  much  more  fool  is  he,  whose  language  shall 

Proclaim  in  public,  there's  no  God  at  all : 

What  then  are  they,  nay  fools  in  what  degree, 

Whose  actions  shall  maintain't  ? — Such  fools  are  we. 


MAXIMS. 

Wink  at  small  faults — remember  thou  hast  great  ones. 
Eat  to  please  thyself,  but  dress  to  please  others. 
Search  others  for  their  virtues,  thyself  for  thy  vices. 
Never  spare  the  parson's  wine,  nor  baker's  pudding. 
Each  year  one  vicious  habit  rooted  out, 
In  time  might  make  the  worst  man  good  throughout. 


Read;/  money  for  OLD  HAGS  may  be  had  of  the  printer  hereof;  by  whom  is 
made  and  sold  very  good  LAMPBLA  CK. 


MEMOIRS 


THE    LIFE    OF 


BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN, 


WRITTEN  BY  HIMSELF 


Seest  thou  a  man  diligent  in  his  calling,  he  shall  stand  before  kings, 
he  shall  not  stand  before  mean  men." — Proverbs  of  Solomon. 


ILLUSTRATED    EDITION. 


NEW- YORK: 
JOHN  DOGGETT  Jr.,  59  LIBERTY-STREET, 

cor.  liberty  place. 

1850. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1850, 
BY  JOHN  DOGGETT  Jr., 
the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  for  the  Southern 
District  of  New- York. 


MEMOIRS    OF    FRANKLIN.  45 

There  was  another  bookish  lad  in  the  town,  John  Collins  by  name, 
with  whom  I  was  intimately  aeqaainted.  We  sometimes  disputed, 
and  very  fond  we  were  of  argument,  and  very  desirous  of  confuting 
one  another,  which  disputatious  turn,  by-the-way,  is  apt  to  become  a 
very  bad  habit,  making  people  often  extremely  disagreeable  in  com- 
pany by  the  contradiction  that  is  necessary  to  bring  it  into  practice  ; 
and  thence,  besides  souring  and  spoiling  the  conversation,  it  is  pro- 
ductive of  disgusts,  and  perhaps  enmities,  with  those  who  may  have 
occasion  for  friendship.  I  had  caught  this  by  reading  my  father's 
books  of  disputes  on  religion.  Persons  of  good  sense,  I  have  since 
observed,  seldom  fall  into  it,  except  lawyers,  university  men,  and, 
generally,  men  of  all  sorts  who  have  been  bred  at  Edinburgh. 

A  question  was  once,  some  how  or  other,  started  between  Collins 
and  me,  on  the  propriety  of  educating  the  female  sex  in  learning,  and 
their  abilities  for  study.  He  was  of  opinion  that  it  was  improper,  and 
that  they  were  naturally  unequal  to  it.  I  took  the  contrary  side, 
perhaps  a  little  for  dispute's  sake.  He  was  naturally  more  eloquent, 
having  a  greater  plenty  of  words  ;  and  sometimes,  as  I  thought,  I 
was  vanquished  more  by  his  fluency  than  by  the  strength  of  his  rea- 
sons. As  we  parted  without  settling  the  point,  and  were  not  to  see 
one  another  again  for  some  time,  I  sat  down  to  put  my  arguments  in 
writing,  which  I  copied  fair  and  sent  to  him.  He  answered,  and  I 
replied.  Three  or  four  letters  on  a  side  had  passed,  when  my  father 
happened  to  find  my  papers  and  read  them.  Without  entering  into 
the  subject  in  dispute,  he  took  occasion  to  talk  to  me  about  my  man- 
ner of  writing  ;  observed  that,  though  I  had  the  advantage  of  my 
antagonist  in  correct  spelling  and  pointing,  (which  he  attributed  to 
the  printing-house,)  I  fell  far  short  in  elegance  of  expression,  in  me- 
thod, and  in  perspicuity,  of  which  he  convinced  me  by  several 
instances.  I  saw  the  justice  of  his  remarks,  and  thence  grew  more 
attentive  to  my  manner  of  writing,  and  determined  to  endeavor  to 
improve  my  style. 

About  this  time  I  met  with  an  odd  volume  of  the  Spectator.  I 
had  never  before  seen  any  of  them.  I  bought  it,  read  it  over  and 
over,  and  was  much  delighted  with  it.  I  thought  the  writing  excel- 
lent, and  wished,  if  possible,  to  imitate  it.  With  that  view  I  took 
some  of  the  papers,  and,  making  short  hints  of  the  sentiments  in  each 


46  MEMOIRS    OF    FRANKLIN. 

sentence,  laid  them  by  a  few  days,  and  then,  without  looking  at  the 
book,  tried  to  complete  the  papers  again,  by  expressing  each  hinted 
sentiment  at  length,  and  as  fully  as  it  had  been  expressed  before,  in 
any  suitable  words  that  should  occur  to  me.  Then  I  compared  my 
Spectator  with  the  original,  discovered  some  of  my  faults,  and  cor- 
rected them.  But  I  found  I  wanted  a  stock  of  words,  or  a  readiness 
in  recollecting  and  using  them,  which  I  thought  I  should  have  ac- 
quired before  that  time  if  I  had  gone  on  making  verses  ;  since  the 
continual  search  for  words  of  the  same  import,  but  of  different  length, 
to  suit  the  measure,  or  of  different  sound  for  the  rhyme,  would  have 
laid  me  under  a  constant  necessity  of  searching  for  variety,  and  also 
have  tended  to  fix  that  variety  in  my  mind,  and  make  me  master  of 
it.  Therefore  I  took  some  of  the  tales  in  the  Spectator,  and  turned 
them  into  verse  ;  and,  after  a  time,  when  I  had  pretty  well  forgotten 
the  prose,  turned  them  back  again.  I  also  sometimes  jumbled  my 
collection  of  hints  into  confusion,  and  after  some  weeks  endeavored  to 
reduce  them  into  the  best  order,  before  I  began  to  form  the  full  sen- 
tences and  complete  the  subject.  This  was  to  teach  me  method  in 
the  arrangement  of  the  thoughts.  By  comparing  my  work  with  the 
original,  I  discovered  many  faults  and  corrected  them  ;  but  I  some- 
times had  the  pleasure  to  fancy  that,  in  particulars  of  small  conse- 
quence, I  had  been  fortunate  enough  to  improve  the  method  or  the 
language,  and  this  encouraged  me  to  think  that  I  might  in  time  come 
to  be  a  tolerable  English  writer,  of  which  I  was  extremely  ambitious. 
The  time  I  allotted  for  writing  exercises  and  for  reading  was  at  night, 
or  before  work  began  in  the  morning,  or  on  Sundays,  when  I  contrived 
to  be  in  the  printing-house,  avoiding  as  much  as  I  could  the  constant 
attendance  at  public  worship  which  my  father  used  to  exact  from  me 
when  I  was  under  his  care,  and  which  I  still  continued  to  consider  as 
a  duty,  though  I  could  not  afford  time  to  practice  it. 

When  about  sixteen  years  of  age  I  happened  to  meet  with  a  book, 
written  by  one  Try  on,  recommending  a  vegetable  diet.  I  determined 
to  go  into  it.  My  brother,  being  yet  unmarried,  did  not  keep  house, 
but  boarded  himself  and  his  apprentices  in  another  family.  My  refu- 
sing to  eat  flesh  occasioned  an  inconvenience,  and  I  was  frequently 
chid  for  my  singularity.  I  made  myself  acquainted  with  Tryon's 
manner  of  preparing  some  of  his  dishes,  such  as  boiling  potatoes  or 


MEMOIRS    OF    FRANKLIN.  .\7 

rice,  making  hasty  pudding,  and  a  few  others,  and  then  proposed  to 
n  ly  brother  that  if  he  would  give  me,  weekly,  half  the  money  he  paid 
for  my  board,  I  would  board  myself.  He  instantly  agreed  to  it,  and 
I  presently  found  that  I  could  save  half  what  he  paid  me.  This  was 
an  additional  fund  for  buying  of  books.  But  I  had  another  advantage 
in  it.  My  brother  and  the  rest  going  from  the  printing  house  to  their 
meals,  I  remained  there  alone,  and,  despatching  presently  my  light 
repast,  which  was  often  no  more  than  a  biscuit  or  a  slice  of  bread,  a 
handful  of  raisins,  or  a  tart  from  the  pastry-cook's,  and  a  glass  of 
water,  I  had  the  rest  of  the  time  till  their  return  for  study,  in 
which  I  made  the  greater  progress,  from  that  clearness  of  head  and 
quicker  apprehension  which  generally  attend  temperance  in  eating 
and  drinking. 

Now  it  was  that,  being  on  some  occasion  made  ashamed  of  my 
ignorance  in  figures,  which  I  had  twice  failed  learning  when  at 
school,  I  took  Cocker's  book  on  Arithmetic,  and  went  through  the 
whole  by  myself  with  the  greatest  ease.  I  also  read  Seller's  and 
Sturny's  book  on  Navigation,  which  made  me  acquainted  with  the 
little  geometry  it  contained ;  but  I  never  proceeded  far  in  that  science. 
I  read  about  this  time  Locke  on  the  Human  Understanding,  and  the 
Art  of  Thinking,  by  Messrs.  du  Port  Royal. 

While  I  was  intent  on  improving  my  language,  I  met  with  an 
English  grammar  (I  think  it  was  Greenwood's)  having  at  the  end  of 
it  two  little  sketches  on  the  arts  of  rhetoric  and  logic,  the  latter  finish- 
ing with  a  dispute  in  the  Socratic  method  ;  and  soon  after  I  procured 
Xenophon's  Memorable  Things  of  Socrates,  wherein  there  are  many 
examples  of  the  same  method.  I  was  charmed  with  it,  adopted  it, 
dropped  my  abrupt  contradiction  and  positive  argumentation,  and  put 
on  the  humble  inquirer  ;  and  being  then,  from  reading  Shaftesbury 
and  Collins,  made  a  doubter,  as  I  already  was  in  many  points  of  our 
religious  doctrines,  I  fouud  this  method  the  safest  for  myself  and  very 
embarrassing  to  those  against  whom  I  used  it ;  therefore  I  took  delight 
in  it,  practiced  it  continually,  and  grew  very  artful  and  expert  in 
drawing  people,  even  of  superior  knowledge,  into  concessions,  the  con- 
sequences of  which  they  did  not  foresee,  entangling  them  in  difficulties 
out  of  which  they  could  not  extricate  themselves,  and  so  obtaining 
victories  that  neither  myself  nor  my  cause  always  deserved.      I  con- 


48  MEMOIRS    OF   FRANKLIN. 

tinued  this  method  some  few  years,  but  gradually  left  it,  retaining 
only  the  habit  of  expressing  myself  in  terms  of  modest  dilridence  ; 
never  using,  when  I  advanced  any  thing  that  might  possibly  be  dis- 
puted, the  words  certainly,  undoubtedly,  or  any  others  that  gave  the 
air  of  positiveness  to  an  opinion  ;  but  rather  said  I  conceive  or  appre- 
hend a  thing  to  be  so  and  so ;  it  appears  to  me,  or  i"  should  not  think 
it  so  or  so,  for  such  and  such  reasons  ;  or  i"  imagine  it  to  be  so  ;  or  it 
is  so,  if  I  am  not  mistaken.  This  habit,  I  believe,  has  been  of  great 
advantage  to  me  when  I  have  had  occasion  to  inculcate  my  opinions, 
and  persuade  men  into  measures  that  I  have  been  from  time  to  time 
engaged  in  promoting  ;  and,  as  the  chief  ends  of  conversation  are  to 
inform  or  to  be  informed,  to  please  or  to  persuade,  I  wish  well- 
meaning  and  sensible  men  would  not  lessen  their  power  of  doing  good 
by  a  positive,  assuming  manner,  that  seldom  fails  to  disgust,  tends  to 
create  opposition,  and  to  defeat  most  of  those  purposes  for  which 
speech  was  given  to  us. 

In  fact,  if  you  wish  to  instruct  others,  a  positive  and  dogmatical 
manner  in  advancing  your  sentiments  may  occasion  opposition  and 
prevent  a  candid  attention.  If  you  desire  instruction  and  improve- 
ment from  others,  you  should  not,  at  the  same  time,  express  yourself 
fixed  in  your  present  opinions.  Modest  and  sensible  men,  who  do  not 
love  disputation,  will  leave  you  undisturbed  in  the  possession  of  your 
errors.  In  adopting  such  a  manner,  you  can  seldom  expect  to  please 
your  hearers,  or  obtain  the  concurrence  you  desire.  Pope  judiciously 
observes, 

"  Men  must  be  taught  as  if  you  taught  them  not, 
And  things  unknown  proposed  as  things  forgot." 

He  also  recommends  it  to  us 

"  To  speak,  though  sure,  with  seeming  diffidence." 

And  he  might  have  joined  with  this  line  that  which  he  has  coupled 
with  another,  I  think,  less  properly  : 

"  For  want  of  modesty  is  want  of  sense." 
If  you  ask,  Why  less  properly  ?   I  must  repeat  the  lines  : 

"  Immodest  words  admit  of  no  defense, 
For  want  of  modesty  is  want  of  sense." 

Now,  is  not  the  want  of  sense  (where  a  man  is  so  unfortunate  as  to 


MEMOIRS    OF    FRANKLIN.  51 

want  it)  some  apology  for  his  want  of  modesty  ?  and  would  not  the 
lines  stand  more  justly  thus  ? 

"  Immodest  words  admit  but  this  defense, 
That  want  of  modesty  is  want  of  sense." 

This,  however,  I  should  submit  to  better  judgments. 

My  brother  had,  in  1720  or  1721,  begun  to  print  a  newspaper. 
It  was  the  second^  that  appeared  in  America,  and  was  called  the 
New  England  Courant.  The  only  one  before  it  was  the  Boston 
News- Letter.  I  remember  his  being  dissuaded  by  some  of  his  friends 
from  the  undertaking,  as  not  likely  to  succeed,  one  newspaper  being, 
in  their  judgment,  enough  for  America.  At  this  time  (1771)  there 
are  not  less  than  five-and-twenty.  He  went  on,  however,  with  the 
undertaking.  I  was  employed  to  carry  the  papers  to  the  customers 
after  having  worked  in  composing  the  types  and  printing  off  the  sheets. 

He  had  some  ingenious  men  among  his  friends,  who  amused  them- 
selves by  writing  little  pieces  for  this  paper,  which  gained  it  credit 
and  made  it  more  in  demand,  and  these  gentlemen  often  visited  us. 
Hearing  their  conversations,  and  their  accounts  of  the  approbation 
their  papers  were  received  with,  I  was  excited  to  try  my  hand  among 
them  ;  but,  being  still  a  boy,  and  suspecting  that  my  brother  would 
object  to  printing  any  thing  of  mine  in  his  paper  if  he  knew  it  to  be 
mine,  I  contrived  to  disguise  my  hand,  and,  writing  an  anonymous 
paper,  put  it  at  night  under  the  door  of  the  printing-house.  It  was 
found  in  the  morning,  and  communicated  to  his  writing  friends  when 
they  called  in  as  usual.  They  read  it,  commented  on  it  in  my  hear- 
ing, and  I  had  the  exquisite  pleasure  of  finding  it  met  with  theii 
approbation,  and  that,  in  their  different  guesses  at  the  author,  none 
were  named  but  men  of  some  character  among  us  for  learning  and 


*  The  Courant  was  the  third  paper  published  in  Boston,  and  the  fourth  in 
Am  mica.  There  were  in  Boston,  prior  to  it,  The  Boston  News-Letter,  commenced 
April  24,  1704;  The  Boston  Gazette,  commenced  December  21,  1719;  The  New 
England  Courant  being  commenced  August  7,  1721.  The  only  paper  out  of 
New  England,  prior  to  the  Courant,  was  the  American  Weekly  Mercury,  com- 
menced December  22,  1719,  in  Philadelphia.— Thomas'  Hist  of  Printing  in 
America. 


52  MEMOIRS    OF   FRANKLIN 

ingenuity.  I  suppose  that  I  was  rather  lucky  in  my  judges,  and  that 
they  were  not  really  so  very  good  as  I  then  believed  them  to  be. 

Encouraged,  however,  by  this  attempt,  I  wrote  and  sent  in  the 
same  way  to  the  press  several  other  pieces  that  were  equally  approved  ; 
and  I  kept  my  secret  till  all  my  fund  of  sense  for  such  performances 
was  exhausted,  and  then  discovered  it,  when  I  began  to  be  considered 
a  little  more  by  my  brother's  acquaintance.  However,  that  did  not 
quite  please  him,  as  he  thought  it  tended  to  make  me  too  vain.  This 
might  be  one  occasion  of  the  differences  we  began  to  have  about  this 
time.  Though  a  brother,  he  considered  himself  as  my  master,  and 
me  as  his  apprentice,  and,  accordingly,  expected  the  same  services 
from  me  as  he  would  from  another,  while  I  thought  he  degraded  me 
too  much  hi  some  he  required  of  me,  who  from  a  brother  expected 
more  indulgence.  Our  disputes  were  often  brought  before  our  father, 
and  I  fancy  I  was  either  generally  in  the  right,  or  else  a  better  pleader, 
because  the  judgment  was  generally  in  my  favor.  But  my  brother 
was  passionate,  and  had  often  beaten  me,  which  I  took  extremely 
amiss  ;  and,  thinking  my  apprenticeship  very  tedious,  I  was  continu- 
ally wishing  for  some  opportunity  of  shortening  it,  which  at  length 
offered  in  a  manner  unexpected.  Perhaps  the  harsh  and  tyrannical 
treatment  of  me  might  be  a  means  of  impressing  me  with  the  aver- 
sion to  arbitrary  power  that  has  stuck  to  me  through  my  whole  life. 

One  of  the  pieces  in  our  newspaper  on  some  political  point,  which 
I  have  now  forgotten,  gave  offense  to  the  Assembly.  He  was  taken 
up,  censured,  and  imprisoned  for  a  month,  by  the  speaker's  warrant, 
I  suppose,  because  he  would  not  discover  the  author.  I  too  was 
taken  up  and  examined  before  the  council ;  but,  though  I  did  not 
give  them  any  satisfaction,  they  contented  themselves  with  admo- 
nishing me,  and  dismissed  me,  considering  me,  perhaps,  as  an  appren- 
tice, who  was  bound  to  keep  his  master's  secrets. 

During  my  brother's  confinement,  which  I  resented  a  good  deal, 
notwithstanding  our  private  differences,  I  had  the  management  of  the 
paper  ;  and  I  made  bold  to  give  our  rulers  some  rubs  in  it,  which  my 
brother  took  very  kindly,  while  others  began  to  consider  me  in  an  un- 
favorable light,  as  a  youth  that  had  a  turn  for  libeling  and  satire. 
My  brother's  discharge  was  accompanied  with  an  order,  (and  a  very 


MEMOIRS    OF    FRANKLIN.  55 

odd  one,)  that  "  James  Franklin  should  no  longer  print  the  newspaper 
called  the  New  England  Courant." 

On  a  consultation  held  in  our  printing-office  among  his  friends, 
what  he  should  do  in  this  conjuncture,  it  was  proposed  to  elude  the 
order  by  changing  the  name  of  the  paper;  but  my  brother,  seeing 
inconveniences  in  this,  came  to  a  conclusion,  as  a  better  way,  to  let 
the  paper  in  future  be  printed  in  the  name  of  Benjamin  Franklin  ; 
and,  in  order  to  avoid  the  censure  of  the  Assembly,  that  might  fall  on 
him  as  still  printing  it  by  his  apprentice,  he  contrived  and  consented 
that  my  old  indenture  should  be  returned  to  me,  with  a  discharge  on 
the  back  of  it,  to  show  in  case  of  necessity ;  and,  in  order  to  secure 
to  him  the  benefit  of  my  service,  I  should  sign  new  indentures  for  the 
remainder  of  my  time,  which  was  to  be  kept  private.  A  very  flimsy 
scheme  it  was ;  however,  it  was  immediately  executed,  and  the  paper 
was  printed,  accordingly,  under  my  name,  for  several  months. 

At  length,  a  fresh  difference  arising  between  my  brother  and  me, 
I  took  upon  me  to  assert  my  freedom,  presuming  that  he  would  not 
venture  to  produce  the  new  indentures.  It  was  not  fair  in  me  to 
take  this  advantage,  and  this  I  therefore  reckon  as  one  of  the  first 
errata  of  my  life  ;  but  the  unfairness  of  it  weighed  little  with  me, 
when  under  the  impression  of  resentment  for  the  blows  his  passion 
too  often  urged  him  to  bestow  upon  me,  though  he  was  otherwise  not 
an  ill-natured  man  :  perhaps  I  was  too  saucy  and  provoking. 

When  he  found  I  would  leave  him,  he  took  care  to  prevent  my 
getting  employment  in  any  other  printing-house  of  the  town,  by  going 
round  and  speaking  to  every  master,  who  accordingly  refused  to  give 
me  woik.  I  then  thought  of  going  to  New- York,  as  the  nearest  place 
where  there  was  a  printer ;  and  I  was  rather  inclined  to  leave  Boston 
when  I  reflected  that  I  had  already  made  myself  a  little  obnoxious  to 
the  governing  party,  and,  from  the  arbitrary  proceedings  of  the  As- 
sembly in  my  brother's  case,  it  was  likely  I  might,  if  I  stayed,  soon 
bring  myself  into  scrapes ;  and,  further,  that  my  indiscreet  disputa- 
tions about  religion  began  to  make  me  pointed  at  with  horror  by  good 
people  as  an  infidel  and  atheist.  I  concluded,  therefore,  to  remove 
to  New- York  ;  but  my  father  now  siding  with  my  brother,  I  was 
sensible  that,  if  I  attempted  to  go  openly,  means  would  be  used  to 
prevent  me.     My  friend  Collins,  therefore,  undertook  to  manage  my 


56  MEMOIRS    OF   FRANKLIN 

flight.  He  agreed  with  the  captain  of  a  New- York  sloop  to  take  me, 
under  pretence  of  my  being  a  young  man  of  his  acquaintance,  that 
had  an  intrigue  with  a  girl  of  bad  character,  whose  parents  would 
compel  me  to  marry  her,  and  that  I  could  neither  appear  nor  come 
away  publicly.  I  sold  my  books  to  raise  a  little  money,  was  taken 
on  board  the  sloop  privately,  had  a  fair  wind,  and  in  three  days  found 
myself  at  New- York,  near  three  hundred  miles  from  my  home,  at  the 
age  of  seventeen,  (October,  1723,)  without  the  least  recommendation, 
or  knowledge  of  any  person  in  the  place,  and  very  little  money  in  my 
pocket. 


CHAPTER    II. 

Interview  with  Win.  Bradford. — Journey  to  Philadelphia. — Amboy. — Goes  on  foot 
to  Burlington. — Dr.  Brown. — Arrives  in  Philadelphia. — His  Appearance  on 
Entering  the  City. — Visit  to  the  Baker's  Shop. — Walk  up  Market  Street. — 
Sees  his  Future  Wife. — Quaker  Meeting. — Falls  Asleep  in  Meeting. — Andrew 
Bradford. — Keimer,  the  Printer. — Condition  of  Printing-Offices. — Grief  of  Rela- 
tives in  Boston  at  his  Abrupt  Departure. — Proposition  from  Gov.  Keith  to  set 
him  up  in  Business. — Dines  with  the  Governor. — Goes  to  Boston. — Surprise  at 
his  Unexpected  Appearance. — Coldly  Received  by  his  Brother. — Inquisitive- 
ness  of  his  Journeymen  Friends  on  his  Arrival. — His  Father  disapproves  of 
Gov.  Keith's  Proposition. — His  friend,  Collins,  determines  to  go  to  Philadel- 
phia.— His  Father's  Advice  on  Leaving  for  Philadelphia. — Vessel  puts  in  at 
Newport. — Visits  his  Brother  John. — Arrives  in  New- York. — Meets  with  Col- 
lins.— Bad  Habits  of  Collins. — Visits  the  Governor  of  New- York. — Proceeds 
to  Philadelphia. — Separates  from  Collins. — Keith  proposes  to  send  him  to 
London  to  purchase  Printing  Materials. — Changes  his  Diet. — Anecdotes  of 
Keimer. — His  Companions,  Watson,  Osborne,  and  Ralph. — Exercises  in  Com- 
position.— Determines  to  Visit  England. 

The  inclination  I  had  had  for  the  sea  was  by  this  time  done  away, 
or  I  might  now  have  gratified  it.  But,  having  another  profession,  and 
conceiving  myself  a  pretty  good  workman,  I  offered  my  services  to  a 
printer  in  the  place,  old  Mr.  William  Bradford,  who  had  been  the  first 
printer  in  Pennsylvania,  but  had  removed  thence  in  consequence  of  a 
quarrel  with  the  governor,  George  Keith.  He  could  give  me  no  em- 
ployment, having  little  to  do,  and  hands  enough  already ;  but  he  said, 
"  My  son  at  Philadelphia  has  lately  lost  his  principal  hand,  Aquila 
Rose,  by  death ;  if  you  go  thither.  I  believe  he  may  employ  you." 
Philadelphia  was  one  hundred  miles  further  ;  I  set  out,  however,  in  a 
boat  for  Amboy,  leaving  my  chest  and  things  to  follow  me  round  by 
sea. 

In  crossing  the  bay,  we  met  with  a  squall  that  tore  our  rotten 
sails  to  pieces,  prevented  our  getting  into  the  Kill,  and  drove  us  upon 


60  MEMOIRS    OF   FRANKLIN 

Long  Island.  In  our  way,  a  drunken  Dutchman,  who  was  a  passen- 
ger too,  fell  overboard ;  when  he  was  sinking,  I  reached  through  the 
water  to  his  shock  pate,  and  drew  him  up,  so  that  we  got  him  in 
again.  His  ducking  sobered  him  a  little,  and  he  went  to  sleep,  taking 
first  out  of  his  pocket  a  book,  which  he  desired  I  would  dry  for  him. 
It  proved  to  be  my  old  favorite  author,  Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Progress, 
in  Dutch,  finely  printed  on  good  paper,  copper  cuts,  a  dress  better  than 
I  had  ever  seen  it  wear  in  its  own  language.  I  have  since  found  that 
it  has  been  translated  into  most  of  the  languages  of  Europe,  and  sup- 
pose it  has  been  more  generally  read  than  any  other  book,  except 
perhaps  the  Bible.  Honest  John  was  the  first  that  I  know  of  who 
mixed  narration  and  dialogue  ;  a  method  of  writing  very  engaging  to 
the  reader,  who  in  the  most  interesting  parts  finds  himself,  as  it  were, 
admitted  into  the  company  and  present  at  the  conversation.  De  Foe 
has  imitated  him  successfully  in  his  Robinson  Crusoe,  in  his  Moll 
Flanders,  and  other  pieces ;  and  Richardson  has  done  the  same  in 
his  Pamela,  &c. 

On  approaching  the  island,  we  found  it  was  in  a  place  where 
there  could  be  no  landing,  there  being  a  great  surge  on  the  stony 
beach.  So  we  dropped  anchor,  and  swung  out  our  cable  toward  the 
shore.  Some  people  came  down  to  the  shore,  and  hallooed  to  us,  as 
we  did  to  them  ;  but  the  wind  was  so  high,  and  the  surge  so  loud, 
that  we  could  not  understand  each  other.  There  were  some  small 
boats  near  the  shore,  and  we  made  signs,  and  called  to  them  to  fetch 
us ;  but  they  either  did  not  comprehend  us,  or  it  was  impracticable, 
so  they  went  off.  Night  approaching,  we  had  no  remedy  but  to  have 
patience  till  the  wind  abated ;  and,  in  the  mean  time,  the  boatman 
and  myself  concluded  to  sleep,  if  we  could ;  and  so  we  crowded  into 
the  hatches,  where  we  joined  the  Dutchman,  who  was  still  wet,  and 
the  spray,  breaking  over  the  head  of  our  boat,  leaked  through  to  us, 
so  that  we  were  soon  almost  as  wet  as  he.  In  this  manner  we  lay 
all  night,  with  very  little  rest ;  but,  the  wind  abating  the  next  day, 
we  made  a  shift  to  reach  Arhboy  before  night,  having  been  thirty 
hours  on  the  water,  without  victuals,  or  any  drink  but  a  bottle  of 
filthy  rum,  the  water  we  sailed  on  being  salt. 

In  the  evening  I  found  myself  very  feverish,  and  went  to  bed ; 
but.  having  read  somewhere  that  cold  water  drunk  plentifully  was 


GEO.     W.    .&     JEHIAL     READ, 

MANUFACTURERS    AND    WHOLESALE    DEALERS    IN 

HATS,  CAPS,  STRAW  GOODS,  SILK  &  SATIN  BONNETS, 

UMBRELLAS   AND   PARASOLS, 

19    CORTLANDT-STREET,    NEW-YORK. 

SMITH    &    CONANT, 

MEN'S,  BOYS'  AND  CHILDREN'S  CLOTHING, 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL,  AND  MADE  TO  ORDER, 

NO.     12     BOWERY,     NEW-YORK. 


LORIN    BROOKS, 
BOOT   AND    SHOE    STORE, 

REMOVED    FROM    BROADWAY   TO 

188    FULTON-STREET, 

Between  Broadway  and  Greenwich-st.,  opposite  Church-st.,  N  EW-YORK. 

Cheap  City-made  Boots  and  Shoes,  and  a  large  assortment  of  Ladies'  and  Childrens'  Gaiters  and  Shoes  Cheap 
for  Cash.     Manufacturer  of  Dick's  Patent  Metallic  Shank  Boots  and  Shoes,  at  Wholesale  and  Retail. 


No.  139  WILLIAM-STHEET,  NEAR  FULTON-STREET,  NEW- YORK. 

DIETZ,  BROTHER  &  CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

SOLAR  AND  CAMPHENE  LAMPS  AND  CHANDELIERS, 

CANDELABRAS,  GIRANDOLES,  AND  CUT  GLASS. 


JAMES    KEBLEY, 
IMPORTER    OF    HOSIERY   AND    GLOVES, 

Cotton  and  Worsted  Bindings,  Linen  and  Cotton  Threads,  Pearl  Buttons,   Silk 

Galloons,  Boot  Webbs,  Worsted  Lastings,  Ita  ian  Cloths,  Worsted  and 

Cotton  Cords,  Needles,  Eish  Hooks,  and  Small  Wares  generally. 

No.  48  Cedar-Street, Mem-Sork. 

WALWORTH,  NASON  &  GUILD, 

WELDED    WROUGHT    IRON    PIPE, 

AND  FIXTURES  FOR  STEAM,  GAS,  WATER,  &C, 

No.    79    JOHN-STREET,    NEW-YORK. 
Gas  Apparatus  erected  for  lighting  Mills,  Churches,  Hotels,  and  other  public  buildings,  on  an 
improved  plan.     Steam   and    Hot-water  Apparatus  constructed  for  "Warming  and  Ventilating 
Buildings.     Steam  Boilers,  Boiler  Flues,  &c,  always  on  hand. 


GEORGE    J.   BYRD, 

MANUFACTURER   AND    WHOLESALE    DEALER   IN 

UMBRELLAS    A  J\  I>    PARASOLS, 

"CROTON    STORES," 

M®So  MS  <fe  1144  B1©11W1YS 

Between  Liberty  and  Cedar-streets,  N  E  W  -  Y  O  R  K . 

THREE   LARGE    FACTORIES,    EMPLOYING    OVER   FIVE    HUNDRED   PERSONS. 

HORACE    H.    DAY, 

Manufacturer  and  Dealer  in  every  description  of  Goods  made  of 

METALLIC,  VULCANIZED  INDIA  RUBBER, 

And  Exclusive  Owner  of  Tyer  &  Helms'  Patent  Fabric, 

Warehouse,  (5  story  building,)  23  Cortlandt-street,  New- York. 


-UNITED    STATES  LIFE   INSURANCE   CO, 

No,    2  7    VALL-STREET,    NEW- YORK. 

j         BY  WHICH   THE   WIDOW,   THE   ORPHAN,   AXD   OLD   AGE,    CAX   SJI  MAM  INDEPENDENT   AND    COMFORTABLE. 

I  As  the  happiness  of  almost  every  family  depends  on  the  exertions  of  the  father,  it  becomes  his 
j  highest  duty  to  provide  .for  the  time  when  he  shall  be  called  from  thern  by  death.  Br  a  Life 
I  Insurance  it  is  in  the  power  of  every  parent  to  make  this  provision  for  the  wants  of  his  wife  and 
|  children. 

If  a  house  is  on  tire,  is  not  the  question  at  once  asked,  is  it  fully  insured?  So.  on  the  death 
.  of  every  father,  will  not  the  like  iiiOjiliry  soon  be  made,  was  he  insuned  for  enough  to  keep  his 
[  family  from  suffering  and  want  .'  Energy  and  industry  can  rebuild  the  house,  but  who  can 
j  restore  the  protector,  the  husband  and  father. 

Five  cents  a  day.  commencing  at  the  age  of  21,  will  insure  in  this  Company',  one  thousand  ! 
j  dollars  at  death,  whenever  it  happens.  And  six  cents  a  day.  at  the  age  of  28,  will  accomplish  the 
same  desirable  object.  And  can  there  be  any  one  entitled  to  the  name  of  a  husband,  a  father,  or ' 
j  a  man,  who  will  not  willingly  devote  so  small  a  sum  for  so  large  a  gain  ? 

i  Pamphlets  and  all  information  furnished  at  the  Office,  27  "Wall-st .,  N?\v-York,  or  at  their  i 
:  different  agencies  through  the  country 

...  -' Directors. 

FREDERICK  SHELDON,        '   VVILSOV  G.  HUNT,  FRANCIS  T.  LUQ.TJEER, 

JO.nIAH  HICH,  D.  H.  ARNOLD,  BENJ.  R.  WlNTHROP, 

JAMK.SSUYDAM,  JOHN  A.  I  I  QUEER.  JOHN  J.   PHELPS, 

|         JAMES  MARSH,  W  ASHINGTON  R.  VERMILYE,  TVM.  T.  WHITTEMORE, 

THOMAS  C.  DOREMUS,  WILLIAM  TUCKER,  RICHARD  F.  CARMAN, 

ISAAC  A.  STORM,  JOHX  J.  CISCO.  GERARD  STUYFYSANT. 

JAMES  S.  POI.HEMUS,  CHARLES  E.  BILL.  CLINTON  GILBERT, 

LUTHER  BRADISM,  EDWARD  S.  CLARK,  S.  B.  ALTH AUSE, 

CHARLES  M.  CONNOLLY,  P.  C.  VAN  SCHAICK.  JACOB  HARSEN 

B.  F.  WHEELWRIGHT,  ISAAC  N.  PHELPS,  ELISHA  EIGCrS, 

OFFICERS. 

FREDERICK  SHELDON.  President. 
JOHN  A.  STEWART,  Actuary.  J.  EaDIE.  Jr..  Secretary. 

JOHN  W.SCOTT,  M.  D.,  Medical  Examiner.         G.  P.  CaMMaNN.  M.  D..  Consulting  Physician. 
EDGAR  S.  VAN  WINKLE.  Counsel. 


GEORGE  H.  SWORDS, 

No.    116   BROADWAY, 

Premium  Patent  Mounted  Porcelain  Knobs, 

FOR  DOORS,  SHUTTERS,  BELL  PULLS  <fc  LEVERS,  DRAWERS,  etc. 

U'ARBAXTirO   JL\   EVERY  PARTICri.AR.     ALSO, 

PLATES   FOR   NAMES,  NUSV1BERS/S6C 

No  cleaning  necessary — thejwill  not  tarnish  by  exposure. 
CAUTION.— The  only  durable  article  of  the  kind  manufactured  that  will  answer  the  purpose 

intended. 

THE    MOST    EXTENSIVE    ASSORTMENT    OF 

Domestic  &  Foreign  Dili  feting  8$  other '-Mar el  ware, 

To  be  found  in  anv establish  •  ent  in  the  United  States,  for  sale  to  the  tradeai«l  consumers. 

Agent  for  A.  MEkEELY,  Bell  Founder,  West  Troy,  N.  Y. 


OHIO  FIRE  AND  WATER-PROOF  PAINT. 

W.  a  STARR,  07  BEEKMAN-STREET,  NEW-TOM, 

Is  Hie  General  Agr-nf,  and.  is  constantly  receiving'  frr»m  tne  Mines,  j 
supplies  of  all  t!»e  various  colors  of'  lliis  hivahribl  ■  artscEe, 

Applicable  to  every  variety  of  purpose  where  paint  is  used 
Kailro2d  Bridges,  Depots,  Dwellings.  Churches.  Manufactories  and   Public  Buildings,  are   by  it  rendered  indes- 
tructible from  tire,  and  impenetrable  by  water. 
Orders  for  the  Paints,  by  the  ton  or  single  barrel,  promptly  attended  to. 


CULVER'S  PATENT  HOT  AIR  FURNACES 

REGISTERS,  VENTILATORS,   CAST    IRON    CHIMWEYS,  &c,  THE    .MOST    SUPERIOB 

ARTICLES  OF  THE  KIND  IN  USE. 
MANUFACTURED    AND    SOLD,    WHOLESALE    AND    RETAIL,    BY 

C  U  E.  V  E  R    &    CORY, 
52  CLIFF-STREET,  Bno-gork. 


