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EIGHTEENTH 

ANNUAL     REPORT 


THE    TRUSTEES 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL, 


AT    WORCESTER 


DECEMBER,    1850, 


BOS  TON: 

DUTTON  AND  WENTWORTH,  STATE  PRINTERS, 

No.  37,  Congress  Street. 

1851. 


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EIGHTEENTH    ANNUAL   REPORT 


TRUSTEES  OE  THE  STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL, 


DECEMBER,    1850. 


To  His  Excellency  the  Governor  and  the  Honorable  Council : 

The  Trustees  of  the  State  Lunatic  Hospital  respectfully  submit  their 
Eighteenth  Annual  Report. 

From  the  accompanying  report  of  the  Superintendent,  it  appears 
that  there  were  429  patients  in  the  Hospital  at  the  commencement  of 
the  past  year  ;  that  241  patients  were  admitted  and  229  discharged  ; 
that  670  persons  thus  became  patients  during  the  course  of  the  year, 
and  that  441  remained  such  at  its  close.  The  largest  monthly  aver- 
age is  shown  to  be  454,  (in  August,)  and  the  average  for  the  year,  440. 

The  number  of  admissions  is  not  so  large  as  during  each  of  the  two 
preceding  years.  The  number  of  discharges  is  smaller.  The  number 
and  also  the  proportion  of  deaths  is  larger  than  in  any  preceding  year. 
The  proportion  of  recoveries  slightly  exceeds  the  average  of  the  entire 
term  of  seventeen  years  during  which  the  Hospital  has  been  in  operation. 

Of  the  number  of  patients  at  the  close  of  the  year,  181  are  state 
paupers  and  1G9  are  foreigners.  The  statement  of  this  fact  discloses 
a  recent  and  rapid  change  in  the  character  of  the  institution,  which 
should  be  duly  regarded  by  the  Legislature.  As  the  institution  ad- 
vances in  age,  there  is  also,  of  necessity,  a  gradual  accumulation  of 
incurable  cases,  in  which  discharges  cannot  properly  be  granted. 
From  the  operation  of  these  two  causes,  it  is  plain  that,  unless  pro- 
vision be  made  elsewhere,  this  Hospital,  in  a  very  few  years,  must  be 
appropriated  to  the  accommodation  of  the  incurable  and  of  state  pau- 
pers, to  the  exclusion  of  almost  all  other  patients. 

As  has  been  stated  in  former  reports,  the  Hospital,  with  its  succes- 
sive enlargements,  is  fitted  to  accommodate  not  more  than  375  patients. 
It  is  seen  that  during  the  year  the  Superintendent  has  been  obliged  to 


4  STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 

provide,  as  well  as  he  could,  for  upwards  of  450  patients,  and  there  Is 
every  reason  to  suppose  that  the  number  will  continue  to  increase. 
The  Trustees  cannot  recommend  a  further  enlargement  of  the  Hos- 
pital ;  but  they  deem  it  their  duty  to  represent  to  the  Legislature  that 
no  such  institution  can  be  conducted  as  it  should  be,  if  required,  for 
any  length  of  time,  to  receive  more  patients  than  can  be  suitably 
accommodated.  If  another  Hospital  should  be  established,  they  would 
respectfully  suggest,  that  the  important  object  of  a  classification  of 
patients  may  be  more  satisfactorily  accomplished  than  it  can  be  under 
existing  circumstances. 

Except  that  it  is  overcrowded  with  patients,  the  Hospital  is  at  this 
time  in  a  particularly  satisfactory  condition.  The  Trustees  are  not 
aware  of  many  important  wants  that  remain  to  be  supplied,  as  respects 
the  state  of  the  buildings  and  grounds,  or  of  any  change  which  should 
be  made  in  the  organization  and  administration  of  the  government. 
The  completion  of  the  new  strong  rooms  for  males  and  females  has 
accomplished  all,  which,  as  yet,  seems  to  be  practicable  alike  for  the 
security  and  comfort  of  the  violent  insane.  The  construction  of  addi- 
tional clothes-rooms,  and  the  extension  and  improved  arrangement  of 
the  fixtures  in  the  laundry,  have  greatly  facilitated  the  daily  operations 
in  one  of  the  most  important  of  the  interior  departments.  The  intro- 
duction of  gas,  if,  at  its  present  cost,  it  should  not  promote  a  diminu- 
tion of  expenditure,  will  undoubtedly  prove,  in  other  respects,  the 
most  advantageous  mode  of  lighting  such  an  establishment. 

The  Trustees  resident  in  Worcester  have  had  the  opportunity  of 
observing  that  the  farm  has  been  in  all  respects  well  managed,  and  the 
results  are  fully  exhibited  in  the  Superintendent's  report.  It  now  con- 
tains what  is  deemed  a  sufficient  quantity  of  land  ;  and  if  it  be  not  and 
cannot  be  made  a  source  of  great  profit,  it  is  far  from  being  a  pecu- 
niary burden,  while  it  affords  many  conveniences  and  advantages 
which  experience  constantly  proves  to  be  of  great  importance  to  a 
hospital  for  the  insane. 

It  has  been  an  object  of  the  Trustees,  during  the  past  year,  to  de- 
vote a  portion  of  the  surplus  earnings  which  had  accumulated  in  the 
treasury,  to  the  comro.cncemcnt  of  some  necessary  repairs  both  within 
and  without  the  buildings.  A  good  deal  of  work  has  been  done  in  a 
thorough  manner  under  the  supervision  of  the  Superintendent,  as  is 
shown  in  his  report ;  and,  with  a  continuance  of  this  policy  for  the 
few  next  years,  the  buildings  and  grounds  may  be  placed  in  a  more 
permanent  good  condition  than  has  heretofore  been  aimed  at. 

The  Treasurer's  report  will  show  that  the  receipts  and  expenditures 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL.  5 

for  the  year  have  been  nearly  equal,  the  balance  in  the  treasury  at 
the  close  of  the  year  but  slightly  exceeding  the  balance  at  its  com- 
mencement. This  balance  must  be  materially  reduced  in  providing 
for  the  repairs  which  are  contemplated  ;  but,  in  view  of  contingencies 
always  liable  to  occur,  it  is  deemed  important  that  it  should  not  be 
exhausted. 

The  rate  of  board  of  patients,  as  charged  during  the  last,  and  estab- 
lished for  the  next  year,  is  $2.25  per  week, — a  rate  as  low  as  is  con- 
sistent with  a  pi'oper  regard  to  comfortable  accommodation  and  the 
supply  of  good  food,  and  which  can  only  be  maintained  by  the  most  judi- 
cious and  economical  management  on  the  part  of  the  Superintendent. 

The  awful  calamity  which  has  recently  occurred  at  the  Insane  Hos- 
pital in  Maine,  makes  it  proper  that  the  Trustees  should  represent  to 
the  Legislature  the  means  of  guarding  against  and  of  escaping  from 
the  dangers  of  fire,  which  are  provided  at  this  Hospital. 

The  Hospital  establishment  is  so  remote  from  other  buildings  that 
there  is  no  risk  of  fire  unless  it  should  originate  upon  its  own  premises. 
It  is  scarcely  possible  that  a  fire  should  commence  in  any  of  the  out- 
buildings in  the  day-time,  and  at  night  no  fires  are  kept  there,  and  the 
only  lights  used  are  lanterns  of  the  safest  construction,  which  are  en- 
trusted exclusively  to  careful  attendants.  Within  the  main  buildings 
no  fires  are  kindled  except  in  the  furnaces  placed  in  the  basement,  in 
the  cooking  ranges  in  the  kitchen,  and  in  a  few  stoves  in  the  central 
building,  in  apartments  occupied  by  ofiicers.  The  cooking  ranges, 
while  they  are  in  use,  are  under  the  supervision  of  attendants,  and 
they  are  so  constructed  and  managed  that  they  cannot  be  considered 
as  at  all  dangerous.  There  are  fifteen  furnaces  ;  and,  upon  a  recent 
reexamination,  careful  mechanics  could  not  discover  any  cause  of 
danger,  arising  from  their  construction,  location,  or  present  want  of 
repair.  There  is  no  wood-work  of  any  description  which  is  connected 
with  the  furnaces,  or  the  smoke  and  warm-air  flues  proceeding  there- 
from. All  the  interior  partitions  in  the  halls,  occupied  by  the  patients, 
are  of  brick,  and  have  been  plastered  without  the  use  of  any  wooden 
furrings  or  laths.  The  furnace  flues  are  built  in  connection  with  these 
partitions,  and,  like  them,  are  composed  entirely  of  bn'ck,  plastered 
on  both  sides.  The  halls  are  now  lighted  with  oil  or  gas,  and,  in  a 
short  time,  will  be  lighted  exclusively  with  the  latter.  No  lights  are 
carried  about  the  house  excepting  lanterns,  and  these  always  in  the 
hands  of  officers  or  attendants.  All  lights,  except  in  the  apartments 
occupied  by  officers,  and  in  rooms  of  the  sick  under  the  care  of 
.attendants,  are  regularly  extinguished  at  an  early  hour  in  the  evening  ; 


6'  STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 

and,  as  soon  as  the  lights  are  extinguished,  the  watchman  commences 
his  nightly  patrol,  and  is  required  during  the  night  to  visit  every  fur- 
nace three  or  four  times,  and  to  perform  such  a  course  of  examination, 
both  inside  and  outside  of  the  buildings,  that  it  would  seem  that  he 
must  be  seasonably  apprized  of  any  cause  of  danger. 

If,  however,  under  circumstances  not  foreseen,  a  fire  should  break 
out  in  any  part  of  the  buildings,  all  ordinary,  and  some  extraordinary, 
means  have  been  provided,  for  promptly  arresting  it ;  and  it  is  be- 
lieved that,  in  any  supposable  case,  it  will  not  be  difficult  to  put  out  a 
fire,  in  whatever  part  of  the  Hospital,  with  very  little  delay  after  it  is 
discovered. 

In  various  modes  an  inexhaustible  supply  of  water  may  be  availed 
of,  and  it  is  scarcely  possible  that  it  should  be  cut  off.  Besides  a  rain- 
water cistern  of  more  than  2,C00  gallons,  near  the  central  building, 
and  a  large  well  by  the  side  of  the  south  wing,  an  iron  aqueduct,  lead- 
ing from  a  reservoir  supplied  by  springs  and  elevated  more  than  a 
hundred  feet  above  the  site  of  the  Hospital,  has  been  conducted  within 
the  premises,  and  is  made  to  keep  constantly  filled  six  cisterns,  each 
of  the  capacity  of  400  gallons,  which  are  placed  at  intervals  in  the 
attic  story,  and  can  be  easily  reached  in  several  directions,.  If  a  fire 
should  commence  anywhere  upon  the  inside  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
roof,  an  abundance  of  water  may  be  at  once  obtained  from  these  cis- 
terns for  the  purpose  of  extinguishing  it.  Water  from  this  aqueduct  is 
also  conveyed  in  pipes  into  every  part  of  the  Hospital,  and  is  delivered 
by  taps  and  faucets  in  every  hall,  so  that  each  attendant  can  have 
immediate  access  to  it. 

In  addition  to  the  Hospital  aqueduct,  a  branch  of  the  city  aqueduct, 
proceeding  from  a  reservoir  of  still  greater  elevation  and  capacity,  has 
been  brought  near  the  eastern  entrance,  and  a  hydrant,  connected  with 
it,  occupies  a  convenient  position  not  far  distant  from  the  central  build- 
ing. A  hose  is  fitted  to  this  hydrant,  of  sufficient  length  to  be  so 
placed  that  it  will  throw  a  large  volume  of  water  upon  any  part  of  the 
roof  of  even  the  most  remote  wing.  The  management  of  the  hose, 
as  connected  with  the  hydrant,  is  entrusted  to  a  portion  of  the  subordi- 
nate officers  and  attendants,  who  are  specially  detailed  for  this  duty, 
and  are  regularly  trained,  by  formal  practice  at  least  once  a  month,  to 
the  efficient  pcrfotmance  of  it.  It  is  expected  of  the  hose-men,  as 
soon  as  an  alarm  of  fir",  is  given,  to  get  out  the  hose-cart  immediately, 
and  to  connect  the  hose  ^yith  the  hydrant ;  and  they  are  to  ren-wiin  in 
readiness  to  operate  the  hose  in  any  direction,  at  the  instant  of  receiv- 
ing an  order  from  the  Superintendent.     If  every  other  resource  should 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL.  7 

fail,  it  would  seem  that  the  use  of  the  hose  alone  might  be  sufficient  to 
put  out  a  fire  anywhere,  even  after  it  should  have  made  considerable 
progress.  Its  working  power  is  much  superior  to  that  of  any  engine, 
and  a  much  smaller  amount  of  labor  is  sufficient  to  manage  it. 

The  Hospital  is  thus  shown  to  possess  within  itself  ample  means  of 
protection  against  fire.  But'  it  is  not  required  to  rely  upon  itself  alone. 
Although  sufficiently  removed  from  other  buildings  to  be  in  no  danger 
from  a  fire  originating  elsewhere,  it  is  still  situated  near  the  centre  of 
the  city  of  Worcester,  and  can  always  command,  at  the  shortest  no- 
tice, the  services  of  a  numerous  and  efficient  fire  department,  with  its 
engines,  ladders,  and  other  apparatus,  as  well  also  as  the  active  ser- 
vices of  a  large  population,  no  where  exceeded  in  skill,  energy,  and 
public  spirit.  Suction  engines  may  be  at  once  attached  to  the  city 
hydrants  in  front  of  the  Hospital,  and  a  sufficient  quantity  of  hose  will 
always  be  in  readiness  to  conduct  water  from  that  direction  to  any 
and  all  parts  of  the  establishment. 

With  such  a  variety  of  resources  at  command,  the  Trustees  have 
come  to  the  conclusion  that  no  reasonable  apprehension  can  be  enter- 
tained of  the  security  of  this  Hospital  against  fire.  If  a  fire  should 
occur  and  make  extensive  progress,  it  would  in  most  cases  be  practi- 
cable, with  judicious  arrangements  on  the  part  of  the  officers,  to  re- 
move the  patients  and  prevent  the  loss  of  life.  The  Superintendent 
has  carefully  considered  supposable  contingencies,  and,  as  far  as  pos- 
sible, is  prepared  to  overcome  all  difficulties  which  can  be  anticipated. 

The  report  of  the  Superintendent  will  enable  the  Legislature  and 
the  public  to  understand, — in  respect  even  to  the  most  minute  de- 
tails,— in  what  manner  and  with  what  success  the  administration  of 
the  Hospital  has  been  conducted  by  Dr.  Chandler.  The  Trustees  are 
unanimous  in  expressing  their  entire  satisfaction  with  his  discharge  of 
the  very  arduous  duties  that  have  devolved  upon  him.  That  the  health 
and  comfort  of  the  patients  have  been  in  all  respects  provided  for ; 
that  the  medical  treatment  has  been  judicious  and  skilful  ;  that  quiet 
and  good  order  have  been  steadily  maintained  ;  that  the  most  exact 
regularity  has  been  enforced  in  every  department ;  and  that  the  ex- 
penditures have  been  in  all  respects  sufficiently  economical,  the  Trus- 
tees entertain  not  the  slightest  doubt.  They  have  not  received  a  com- 
plaint of  neglect  or  mismanagement  from  any  quarter  ;  and  the  rela- 
tions between  the  Superintendent  and  subordinate  officers,  and  between 
both  of  them  and  the  patients,  are  manifestly  such  as  indicate  the 
prevalence  of  mutual  respect  and  good  will,  and  of  moi'e  than  usual 
readiness  to  sympathize  and  cooperate  with  each  other.    The  Trustees 


8  STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 

are  satisfied  that  the  subordinate  officers  generally  deserve  the  com- 
mendation which  is  bestowed  upon  them  by  the  Superintendent. 

It  deserves  also  to  be  stated,  in  this  connection,  that  the  relations 
between  the  Hospital  and  the  citizens  of  Worcester  continue  to  be, 
as  they  have  always  been,  entirely  amicable  and  harmonious.  The 
patients,  as  they  pass  through  the  streets,  seldom  suffer  any  annoy- 
ance, or  are  treated  otherwise  than  with  courtesy  and  kindness  ;  there 
are  no  attempts  to  commit  trespasses  or  make  disturbances  within  the 
Hospital  enclosures  ;  and  many  proofs  are  afforded  of  the  deep  inter- 
est which  is  generally  felt  in  the  success  of  the  institution,  and  the 
welfare  of  its  inmates. 

This   Hospital  has  been  in  successful   operation  for   the  period  of 
eighteen  years.     Not  less  than  3,598  patients   have   been  admitted  ; 
366  have  died  ;  6  have  eloped  ;   1,691   have  been  "  discharged  recov- 
ered ;"  456  have   been  "  discharged  improved ;"  and  648,  "  not  im- 
proved,'''' and  for  the  most  part   incurable,  have  been  sent  away  to  be 
taken  care  of  by  their  friends,  or  in   county  asylums,  or  town   alms- 
houses, either  upon  the  application  of  those   interested  in  their  welfare 
or  liable  for  their  support,  or  because  the  Trustees  found  it  necessary 
to  direct  their  removal   as  the   only  means  of  making  room  for  other 
patients  entitled  to  admission,  and  who  might  prove  to  be  "  curable.'''' 
Of  the   whole   number  received   into  the   Hospital,  2,445   have  been 
committed   by  order  of  the  courts,  and  1,153  have  been  taken  as  pri- 
vate boarders.     It  will   be  seen  upon  referring  to  the  tables,  that  the 
proportion  of  the  sexes  has  been  singularly  equal,  alike  in  respect  to 
the  number  of  admissions,  the  number  of  discharges,  and  the  number 
of  recoveries.     The  number  of  "  single"  patients  is  also  shown  to  be 
^just  about  equal  to  the  number  of  those   who  were  at  the  time  or  had 
been  married.     In  point  of  age,  there   have  been  during  almost   every 
year  a  few  patients  upwards  of  70,  and  occasionally  some  upwards  of 
80  years  old  ;  a  small  number,  averaging,  of  late,  from  15  to  20  annu- 
ally, under  20  years  of  age  ;  while  the   large  remainder  is  variously 
distributed  amongst  intervening   periods,  the   principal   part  appcanng 
.  to  have  been  between  20  and  50  years  of  age.     Of  the  whole  number 
of  deaths,  17   have  been  caused  by  suicide,  and  349  by  the   several 
diseases  which  arc  specified  in  Table  13,  included  in  the  Superintend- 
ent's Report.     The  causes  of  the  insanity  of  patients  for  the   term  of 
18  years  are  carefully  detailed  in  Tables  7  and  8,  and  the   average 
annual  number  of  cases  attributable  to  the  more  prominent  causes  is 
shown  in  Table  15.     It  is  gratifying  to  perceive  that  the  proportion  of 
cases  produced  by  intemperance  and  vice  has  been  strikingly  dimin- 
ished during  the  last  few  years. 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL.  9 

The  total  amount  of  "current  expenses"  for  eighteen  years,  is 
.$544,967  52,  averaging  $118  75  annually  for  each  patient.  Under 
this  head  are  included  all  expenses  paid  for  the  support  of  the  Hos- 
pital, with  the  exception  of  what  have  been  defrayed  by  special  appro- 
priations made  by  the  Legislature  for  the  purchase  of  land  and  the 
erection  of  buildings,  and  the  payment  of  the  salaries  of  Superintend- 
ent, one  Assistant  Physician,  Treasurer,  Steward  and  Matron.  To 
compare  the  last  year  with  the  first,  the  amount  of  expenditure  has 
increased  from  $12,272  91  to  $46,776  13,  while  the  average  number 
of  patients  has  advanced  from  107  to  440. 

The  several  visitations  required  by  law, — monthly,  semi-annual  and 
annual, — have  been  performed  by  the  Board,  and  the  usual  record  has 
been  made  of  them.* 

The  Hospital  has  been  fortunately,  thus  far,  under  the  charge  of 
but  two  superintendents.  The  death  of  Dr.  Woodward,  which  oc- 
cured  during  the  last  year,  is  properly  referred  to  in  the  report  of  Dr. 
Chandler.  The  fidelity  of  friendship  is  not  more  conspicuous  than 
the  love  of  truth  and  an  accurate  discrimination  of  character  in 
the  tribute  which  is  therein  recorded  to  the  memory  of  one  of  the 
best  of  men.  This  Hospital  may  henceforth  be  regarded,  and,  by  the 
grateful  hearts  of  a  long  succession  of  trustees,  officers  and  patients, 
it  will  be  always  recognized,  as  the  Woodward  Monument.  The 
evidence  of  what  he  was  and  what  he  did  for  the  institution  is  indeli- 
bly inscribed  upon  all  its  buildings  and  all  its  grounds.  The  influence 
of  his  presence  is  still  felt  in  every  ward,  in  every  workshop,  in  the 
office,  the  chapel,  the  kitchen,  the  laundry,  the  garden,  and  the  fields. 
The  benediction  of  his  smile  is  scarcely  yet  withdrawn  from  the 
gloomiest  cell  ;  while  the  results  of  his  judicious  arrangements,  and 
the  manifold  proofs  of  his  practical  wisdom,  are  and  must  long  con- 
tinue to  be  everywhere  discernible.  In  the  connection  in  which  the 
subject  is  now  introduced,  the  Trustees  are  prompted  to  acknowledge 
that  he  performed  one  of  his  most  important  benefactions  to  the  Hos- 
pital in  training  for  its  service  a  worthy  successor.f 

*  A  large  part  of  the  time  and  labor  necessary  for  this  purpose  is  exacted  of  the  resident 
members  of  the  Board ;  and  it  well  becomes  their  associates,  in  reference  to  this  and  many 
other  duties,  to  concur  with  the  Superintendent  in  making  a  due  acknowledgment  of  the 
cheerfulness  with  which  they  assumed  their  greatly  disproportionate  share  of  the  burthens  of 
the  past  year,  and  of  the  remarkable  fidelity  with  which  they  discharged  all  the  trusts  de- 
volving upon  them.  S.  C.  P. 

W.  A. 
E.  H.  K. 

t  The  follo>\ing  extract  from  the  Record  of  the  Monthly  Visitation,  immediately  succeed- 
ing the  death  of  Dr.  Woodward,  Is  a  "  memorial"  such  as  might  be  expected  from  a  former 

2 


10  STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 

The  Superintendent  has  seen  fit  to  refer  in  respectful  terms  to  the 
successive  Boards  of  Trustees  with  whom  he  has  been  officially  con- 
nected, and  especially  to  commemorate  the  merits  and  services  of 
those  members  who  have  ceased  to  be  among  the  living.  As  the  entire 
catalogue  of  Trustees  is  exhibited  in  the  annual   report,  it  is  shown  to 

member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  than  whom  none  knew  Dr.  Woodward  more  thoroughly, 
or  had  cooperated  with  him  more  efficiently  in  the  service  of  the  Hospital  : — 

"  January  7,  1850. 

"  It  is  proper  that  this  record  should  contain  a  memorial  of  a  recent  event  of  Providence, 
which  deeply  interests  the  feelino^s,  not  only  of  all  concerned  in  the  administration  of  this 
Hospital  and  of  all  who  are  or  have  been  recipients  of  its  benefits,  but  of  the  friends  of  Ihe 
insane  within  this  Commonweallh,  and  throughout  and  beyond  the  extent  of  our  country. 

"  On  the  3d  inst.  at  6  o'clock,  P.  M.,  Hon.  Samuel  Bayard  Woodward,  the  first  Superin- 
tendent of  this  Hospital,  died  at  his  residence  at  Northampton.  For  several  weeks  he  had 
sufiered  successive  attacks  of  the  severely  painful  disease  which  affected  him  while  at  the 
Hospital.  By  these  attacks,  it  is  understood  that  his  constitution  seemed  to  be  so  impaired, 
that  a  restoration  to  his  former  health  was  not  confidently  expected ;  but  the  immediate 
cause  of  his  death  was  found  to  be  the  rupture  of  an  aneurism  of  the  aorta,  just  above  the 
diaphragm. 

"  Dr.  Woodward  was  born  at  Torringford,  Conn.,  on  the  10th  of  June,  1787.  In  early  life 
ho  established  an  extensive  medical  practice  in  Wcathersfield,  Conn.,  and  the  adjacent  towns, 
with  great  success  and  reputation.  In  the  year  1830,  the  confidence  of  his  fellow-citizens 
called  him  to  the  civil  service  of  his  native  Slate  in  the  office  of  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate.  He  directed  his  studies  to  the  subject  of  insanity,  and  had  considerable  experience 
in  the  treatment  of  mental  disease  before  he  v.as  connected  with  this  Hospital.  He  was 
appointed  Superintendent  on  the  2Cth  of  September,  1832,  before  the  Hospital  was  opened 
for  patients,  and  continued  in  office  till  June  30th,  1846, — a  term  of  nearly  fourteen  years, — in 
which  he  applied  to  his  laborious  duties  all  the  powers  of  his  body  and  his  mind  with  little 
indulgence  for  social  pleasure  or  domestic  comfort,  or  even  for  the  demands  of  exhausted 
nature  or  painful  disease.  At  the  date  of  his  resignation,  he  had  had  charge  In  the  Hospital 
of  2642  patients,  of  whom  nearly  all  received  perceptible  benefit,  and  more  than  half  the 
number  should  pray  for  blessings  on  him,  as  one  who  had  raised  them  from  death  to  life. 
The  system  of  this  Hospital  was  in  many  respects  peculiar  and  new,  and  it  was  chiefly 
instituted  liy  him.  His  example  has  always  been  recognized  here  as  a  perpetual  presence 
by  his  worthy  successor,  who  carries  on  the  same  good  work  with  distinguished  ability  and 
success.  His  copious  reports,  which  were  appropriate  to  such  an  institution,  and  his  occa- 
sional writings,  gave  him  authority  and  wide-spread  influence,  and  he  had  the  happiness  to 
sec  the  fruits  of  his  benevolent  labors  in  other  institutions  established  or  improved  in  ac- 
cordance with  his  wise  suggestions,  and  in  the  progress  of  more  correct  opinions  on  the 
subject  of  insanity. 

"  For  the  important  office  of  a  superintendent  of  a  hospital  for  the  insane,  Dr.  Woodward 
had  extraordinary  (luallfications  in  his  person,  his  disposition  and  his  mind.  Ilis  person  was 
a  rare  model  of  strength  and  manly  beauty.  On  his  brow  sat  courtesy  and  command  in 
entire  harmony,  and  it  is  no  exaggeration  to  say,  that  his  form  and  carriage  were  majestic. 
His  stature  was  6  feet  2^  inches,  and,  without  the  deformity  of  obesity,  his  weight  was  260 
pounds.  His  temper  was  benevolent,  liberal,  sanguine,  decided,  and  persevering.  He  un- 
derstood readily  the  characters  of  men,  had  great  power  over  their  feelings,  and  easily 
gained  their  confidence  and  love.  He  was  prompt  and  systematic  in  business,  and  unspar- 
ing in  labor.  His  mind  was  of  a  practical  character.  His  powers  of  observation  were 
vigilant  and  discriminating  }  and  expression  and  life  rather  than  books  were  the  chosen  sub- 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL.  11 

have  been  the  privilege  of  many  distinguished  citizens  to  share  the 
labors  and  responsibilities,  and  therewith  the  peculiar  satisfactions  and 
even  pleasures,  inseparable  from  the  office.  Called  upon,  as  they  are, 
to  act  as  the  Christian  representatives  of  the  State  government  in  rela- 
tion to  a  class  of  citizens  who  can  hope  for  nothing  except  from  a  gov- 
ernment which  recognizes  Christian  duties,  appointed  always  in  disre- 
gard of  political  and  religious  divisions,  and  subject,  of  course,  to  the 
influence  of  none  other  than  the  highest  and  purest  motives,  and  the 
most  interesting  and  agreeable  associations,  all  who  hold  the  office 
may  congratulate  themselves  upon  the  true  honor  to  which  they  have 
attained,  as  well  as  upon  the  opportunity  of  usefulness  which  is  placed 
within  their  reach.  The  Superintendent  has  made  a  just  acknowl- 
edgment of  the  extent  to  which  this  opportunity  was  improved  by 
the  deceased  ex-members  of  the  Board.  Their  memory  is  blessed  by 
the  labors  which  they  performed  in  behalf  of  this  institution,  and  their 
example  remains  for  the  guidance  and  encouragement  of  all  succes- 
sors. As,  under  the  salutary  operation  of  the  peculiar  organization  of 
the  Board,  each  member  in  his  turn  is  expected  to  retire  from  this 
important  sphere  of  duty,  it  is  gratifying  to  reflect  that  he  may  always 
carry  away  with  him  the  assurance,  that,  whatever  service  has  been 
faithfully  undertaken  here,  cannot,  through  the  kindness  with  which  it 
is  regarded,  have  been  rendered  in  vain. 

In  conclusion,  the  Trustees  earnestly  commend  a  favorite  institution 
of  the  people  to  the  continued  support  of  the  Legislature.  May  the 
blessing  of  Heaven  rest  upon  the  Hospital,  and  upon  all  who  are,  or 
shall  become,  connected  with  it,  as  trustees,  officers,  attendants  or 
patients  ;  and  may  it  prove   to  be  the   constant  effect  of  the   various 

jects  of  his  studies.  Hence  his  thoughts  had  a  freshness  and  confidence  of  truth,  which  car- 
ried them  to  the  hearts  of  men.  Ail  that  he  learnt  he  kept  in  readiness  for  use,  and  he  en- 
forced his  arguments  with  copious  illustrations.  His  quick  invention,  under  the  control  of 
sound  judgment  and  common  sense,  gave  him  abundant  resources  for  the  many  exigencies 
of  his  arduous  office.  His  attention  was  not  confined  to  the  circle  of  his  own  pursuits. 
Being  a  watchful  observer  of  the  signs  of  the  times,  he  was  ready  to  give  his  sympathy  and 
aid  to  such  objects  as  he  approved.  He  retired  with  a  physical  system  wasted  and  disor- 
dered by  the  labors  and  anxieties,  inseparable  from  his  position  here,  to  a  beautiful  estate  at 
Northampton,  where,  for  a  time,  he  seemed  to  find  the  benefit  which  he  sought.  He  had  the 
care  of  several  unfortunate  victims  of  mental  disease,  and  still  continued  his  studies  in  the 
science  in  which  he  was  so  eminent,  and  was  sought,  for  his  wise  counsels,  in  ordinary  medi- 
cal practice,  as  he  had  been  in  all  his  industrious  life.  Highly  blessed  in  his  domestic  rela- 
tions and  in  the  large  circle  of  his  friendship,  prosperous  in  the  great  objects  of  his  life, 
and  beloved  and  honored  in  the  world,  he  was  called  away,  when  the  cup  of  his  earthly  hap- 
piness was  full.  While  we  mourn  the  loss  of  our  friend  and  guide,  strangers  will  unite 
their  voices  with  ours  to  lament  that  the  presence  and  example  of  the  strong  reaper  has  been 
removed,  though  the  rich  harvest  of  his  good  work  remains." 

(Signed)  Stephen  Salisburt. 


12  STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 

relations  which  are  sustained  here  to  promote  the  diffusion  of  benevo- 
lent sentiments,  to  facilitate  the  interchange  of  kind  offices,  to  strengthen 
the  ties  of  human  brotherhood,  and  thus  to  contribute  to  the  distinctive 
glory  of  Massachusetts  as  a  Christian  Commonwealth  ! 

(Signed,)         STEPHEN   C.  PHILLIPS, 
WILLIAM  APPLETON, 
LEVI  LINCOLN, 
ENSIGN   H.  KELLOGG, 
JOHN  S.  C.  KNOWLTON. 

State  Lunatic  Hospital,  \ 
Idth  December,  1850.       ] 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


13 


TREASURER'S    REPORT 


To  His  Excellency  the  Governor,  and  the  Honorable  Executive  Council 
of  Massachusetts  : 

The  Treasurer  of  the   State   Lunatic  Hospital,  as  required  by  law, 
presents  the  following  Report  on  the  finances  of  the  institution  : — 


The  balance  in  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer,  as  stated  in 
his  last  report,  was  ....... 

Received  within  the  year  ending  November  30,  1850, 
from  the  State,  for  the  support  of  lunatic  paupers,  and 
from  cities,  towns  and  individuals,      .... 

Received  for  articles  sold,  and  accounted  for  by  the 
steward,  ......... 


$14,134  28 


48,050  33 


286  33 


$62,470  94 


The  expenditures  in  the  year  ending  November  30,  1850,  have  been 

as  follows  : — 
For  salaries,  wages  and  labor,       .....     $11,655  74 
Improvements  and  repairs,    ......  3,303  56 

Furniture,  clothing,  &c., 3,268  04 

Fuel— Wood,  626  cords,      .         .         .  $3,028  54 

Coal,  222/^  tons,,     .         .         .  1,532  40 

Charcoal,  2756  bushels,     .         .  323  25 


Gas  light,  including  pipes  and  apparatus, 
Provisions — Flour,  573  barrels,     . 

Meal,  1,044  bushels, . 

Rice,  3,105  pounds,  . 

Biscuit,      .         .         .         .         .  ^ 

Potatoes,  1,796  bushels. 

Beans,  20  bushels,     . 

Apples,  $774  79  ;  other  fresh  fruits. 

Butter,  24,737  pounds. 

Cheese,  10,463  pounds, 

Lard,  730  pounds,     . 

Salt  fish,  10,100  pounds,    . 


$118 


90, 


4,884  19 
878  76 

3,586  32 
781  95 
136  74 
174  63 
822  43 
35  87 
893  69 

4,129  43 

598  69 

59  18 

299  62 


14 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


Mackerel  and  halibut,         ....  $56  75 

Fresh  fish,  2,937  pounds,  ....  88  14 

Beef  and  pork,  67,035  pounds,  .         .         .  4,357  28 

Salt  pork  and  hams,  3,304  pounds,     .         .  262  50 

Poultry,  799  pounds,          ....  87  89 

Molasses  and  syrup,  1,551  gallons,     .         .  428  43 

Honey,  159  gallons,           ....  93  80 

Sugar,  22,512  pounds,        ....  1,55483 

Tea,  1,615  pounds, 549  10 

Coffee,  1,122  pounds,         ....  491  38 

Small  groceries  and  fruits,          .         .         .  220  72 

Vinegar  and  cider,    .         .         .         .         .  137  26 

Salt, 44  22 

Medical  supplies,  drugs,  &c ,        .         .         .         .         .  364  93 

Soap,  $109  52  ;  lime,  $77  12  ;  starch,  $29  80,  .         .  216  44 

Stationary,  books,  &c.,         .         .         .         .         .         .  63  02 

Freight  of  wood  and  other  articles,       .         .         .         .  443  80 

Straw,  46,700  pounds, 167  79 

Trustees'  expenses,      .......  32  00 

Music  and  clerk-hire,  $15  04  ;  expenses  of  chaplain,  $29  92,     44  96 
Expenses   of  officers   in  travelling  on  business  of  the 
Hospital,  $47  84  ;  in  recovering  elopers,  $15  95,     . 
Postage,       ......... 

Sexton's  bills,       ........ 

Removal  of  persons  deceased,  and  charges  placed  to 
accounts  of  patients,  ...... 

Six  cows,  $198  50  ;  oxen,  $90  ;  bull,  $25;  ten  pigs,  $148  44, 
Damage  for  diverting  water  by  aqueduct,  paid  Wm.  Hovey, 


63  79 

32  04 

365  00 

139  28 
461  94 
500  00 


Balance,  November  30th,  1850, 


$46,776  13 
15,694  81 

$62,470  94 


Of  the  appropriation  for  the  construction  of  additional 
Strong  Rooms  in  the  Hospital,  the  balance  on  hand, 
November  30th,  1849,  was $4,742  98 

The  expenditures  of  the  year  have  been,       .         .         .  3,731  29 

The  balance  unexpended  is        .         .         .         .        $  1 ,0 1 1  69 

Respectfully  submitted, 

SAM'L  J^NNISON,  Treasureh. 
Worcester,  Dec.  17,  1850. 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL.  15 


SUPEHINTENDENT'S    REPORT. 


Eighteenth  Annual  Report  of  the  Superintendent  to  the  Trustees  of  the 
State  Lunatic  Hospital. 

Gentlemen  : — Another  year  of  Hospital  life  has  passed.  Like 
those  that  preceded  it,  general  prosperity  and  increasing  numbers  have 
marked  its  progress.  Many  of  its  details  will  be  succinctly  presented 
in  this  report.  To  sustain  us  in  meeting  and  passing  through  the  daily 
trials  of  our  station,  we  have  cherished  an  enduring  faith  that  the  All- 
wise  Disposer  of  events  would  certainly  crown  well-directed  efforts 
with  success.  Although  many  things  have  turned  out  differently  from 
what  we  could  have  wished,  the  general  result  is  all  we  dared  to 
expect. 

My  assistants  in  the  various  departments  of  the  institution  have  been 
competent  to  their  duties  and  willing  to  afford  all  necessary  aid  in  its 
management.  When  faithfully  performed,  their  duties  are  sufficiently 
arduous  and  peculiarly  trying  to  their  patience.  We  have  been  fortu- 
nate in  our  selection  of  them  from  the  many  who  have  applied  with 
the  offer  of  their  services.  Their  pecuniary  compensation  is  not  large, 
but  the  pleasure  of  doing  good  to  our  neighbor  is,  with  many,  one  of 
the  strongest  incentives  to  action. 

I  am  under  great  obligations  of  respect  and  gratitude  to  the  present 
and  former  members  of  your  Board,  for  their  ready  counsel  and  advice 
in  the  direction  of  the  affairs  of  this  Hospital.  While  the  confidence 
you  have  seen  fit  to  repose  in  my  suggestions  and  opinions,  in  matters 
relating  to  this  Hospital,  has  been  encouraging  to  me,  it  has,  at  the 
same  time,  increased  the  weight  of  responsibility  I  feel  in  superintend- 
ing this  arduous  trust.  Those  residing  near  this  institution  I  call  upon 
almost  daily,  with  business  relating  to  its  inmates,  the  buildings,  or  its 
grounds.  I  have  often  been  surprised  to  see  with  what  cheerfulness 
business  men  can  lay  aside  their  own  private  engagements  to  attend 
gratuitously  to  that  of  the  public.  Whole  days  have  been  spent  here 
in  the  duties  of  your  office.  The  records  show  that  this  Hospital  has, 
for  eighteen  years,  been  visited,  and  the  visit  recorded  for  every  cal- 
endar month,  by  some  member  or  members  of  your  Board.  While 
additions  to  the  establishment,  or  improvements  on  an  extensive  scale 
were  being  made, — and  such  has  been  the  case  almost  every  year, — 
your  whole  Board,  or  a  majority  of  its  members,  have  visited  the  Hos- 


16  STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 

pital  several  times  during  the  year..  From  two  to  three  hours  is  the 
shortest  time  in  which  you  have  been  able  to  accomplish  your  monthly 
visits  through  the  wards.  It  is  a  duty  upon  which  the  success  and  good 
repute  of  the  institution  very  much  depends,  and  should  therefore  be 
done.  For  this  to  them  not  always  a  pleasant  duty,  this  State  has 
thus  far  been  fortunate  in  obtaining  the  gratuitous  services  of  some 
of  her  best  citizens. 

Four  of  the  former  members  of  your  Board  have  been  taken  from 
among  the  living.  The  Hon.  Bezaleel  Taft,  Jr.,  of  Uxbridge,  the 
Hon.  E.  D.  Bangs  and  William  Lincoln,  Esq.,  of  Worcester,  and  the 
Hon.  Daniel  P.  King,  of  Danvers.  Mr.  Taft  was  one  of  the  commis- 
sioners for  building,  and  did  much  towards  erecting  the  original  Hos- 
pital. He  was  faithful  to  his  trust,  for  no  addition  to  it,  since,  shows 
better  material  or  more  faithful  workmanship.  Now,  after  eighteen 
years  of  hard  usage,  his  works  here  do  praise  him. 

He  assisted  in  locating  and  erecting  the  building,  and  in  putting  it  in 
successful  operation,  and  then  watched  its  progress  for  one  year,  when 
his  commission  expired  by  law. 

Mr.  Bangs  had  just  retired  from  the  office  of  Secretary  of  this  State 
when  he  entered  upon  the  duties  of  Trustee.  He  was  removed  by 
death  in  1838,  a  few  months  after  his  appointment,  but  not  until  his 
courtesy  and  attention  to  the  duties  of  his  office  gave  large  promise  of 
future  usefulness. 

Mr.  Lincoln  was  a  very  attentive  Trustee  to  all  the  duties.  He 
urged  the  keeping  of  the  various  statistics  of  insanity,  and,  through 
his  agency,  the  Meteorological  Table  was  commenced  at  this  Hospital. 
He  died  a  few  years  after  his  commission  expired. 

Mr.  King  has  just  died.  He  was  veiy  much  interested  in  this  insti- 
tution, and,  while  an  officer,  was  attentive  to  its  duties.  He  was  chair- 
man of  your  Board  in  1843,  and  wrote  the  report  of  that  year.  Since 
that  time,  until  his  death,  he  took  frequent  opportunities  of  forwarding, 
for  the  use  of  our  patients,  valuable  public  documents  which  his  posi- 
tion in  Congress  enabled  him  to  obtain. 

Since  my  last  report  an  afflictive  dispensation  of  Providence  has 
occurred,  which  my  feelings  prompt  me  to  notice  here.  Doct.  Sa^nuel 
Bayard  Woodward,  my  predecessor  in  office,  and,  for  more  than  nine 
years,  my  superior  and  instructor,  died  at  his  pleasant  residence  "in 
Northampton,  Mass.,  to  which  place  he  retired  in  July,  1846.  Dr. 
Woodward  died  on  the  third  of  January,  1850,  suddenly,  of  the  rup- 
ture of  a  blood  vessel  just  above  the  diaphragm.  But  he  had,  for  sev- 
eral weeks,  suffisred  severely  from  repeated  attacks  of  the  same  dis- 
ease that  had  for  years  afflicted   him,  and  in  consequence  of  which  he 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL.  17 

and  his  friends  felt  it  to  be  his  duty,  to  himself  and  his  family,  to  retire 
from  the  service  of  this  Hospital.  The  liver  was  found,  on  post- 
mortem examination,  to  be  the  principal  seat  of  organic  disease.  The 
acute  attacks  of  pain  in  the  bowels  he  had  been  afflicted  with  for 
years,  resembling  bilious  colic,  were  probably  caused  by  gall-stones 
passing  through  the  gall-duct.  In  one  of  so  keen  susceptibility  of  the 
nervous  system  as  he  was,  these  attacks  are  exquisitely  painful. 

It  was  strongly  hoped  that  relief  from  these  dangerous  attacks  would 
follow  the  relinquishment  of  his  arduous  duties  here.  For  six  or  eight 
years  they  had  been  increasing  in  frequency  and  severity.  Partial 
amendment  of  his  general  health  had  followed  in  two  or  three  instances 
of  temporary  absence  from  his  duties,  but  a  feeling  of  responsibility 
would  attach  itself  to  him,  and  his  mind  would  be  employed  about  the 
affairs  of  the  Hospital  although  his  body  was  absent.  As  it  was  an- 
ticipated by  his  friends  and  himself,  his  health  was  better  after  leaving 
this  Hospital  and  engaging  moderately  in  the  general  practice  of  his 
profession,  to  which  he  was  ardently  devoted.  But  even  away  from 
all  care  and  responsibility  of  this  institution,  he  found  the  slightest  ex-^ 
posure  would  endanger  a  relapse  of  his  malady.  This  led  his  profes- 
sional brethren  to  fear  organic  lesions  of  important  internal  organs, 
which  the  sad  results  proved  too  true. 

Dr.  Woodward  was  born  in  Torrington,  Conn.,  June  10th,  1787.  He 
early  adopted  the  profession  of  his  father,  who  was  a  physician  of  that 
place,  and  a  most  respectable  man.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  he 
was  prepared  and  settled  himself  in  the  practice  of  medicine  in  Weathers- 
field,  Conn.,  where  he  soon  obtained  the  confidence  of  the  community, 
and  where,  for  nearly  twenty  years,  he  was  the  sole  physician  for  about 
three  thousand  people.  His  ofiice  was  the  greatest  resort  in  that  vicinity 
for  young  men  who  wished  to  enter  the  profession.  He  was  one  of  the 
medical  examiners  of  the  Medical  School  at  Yale  College.  In  1830 
he  held  a  seat  in  the  Senate  of  his  native  State.  He  was  very  efficient 
in  establishing  the  Retreat  at  Hartford,  Conn,,  and  he  was  one  of  the 
medical  visiters  of  that  institution  while  he  remained  in  that  vicinity. 
His  attention  was  called  to  this  special  department  of'  his  profession 
by  the  occurrence  of  several  cases  of  insanity  in  his  own  practice  and 
that  of  his  professional  brethren  whose  adviser  he  was.  The  difficulty 
of  managing  these  cases  in  their  private  practice  led  Dr,  Woodward 
and  his  particular  friend.  Dr.  Eli  Todd,  to  take  the  first  step  towards  the 
establishment  of  the  Retreat.  Before  coming  to  this  Hospital  he  was 
known  as  one  of  the  few  physicians  who  had  paid  particular  attention 
■  to  the  subject  of  insanity,  for  some  negotiations  had  taken  place  for 
his  taking  charge  of  the  Retreat,  but  which  he  overruled  in  favor  of 
3 


18  STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 

Dr.  Todd,  to  whom  he  always   referred  as   the  wisest  manager  of  the 
insane,  and  the  one  who  first  carried  out  most  fully  the  modern  reform ' 
in  their  treatment, — the  law  of  love  and  kindness.     Afterwards,  some 
steps  were  taken  for  Dr.  Woodward's   going  to  the  Asylum  for  the 
Insane  at  Bloomingdale,  N,  Y. 

Such  was  the  state  of  affairs  when  the  first  Board  of  Trustees  of 
this  Hospital  most  fortunately,  for  the  honor  of  this  Commonwealth 
and  for  the  poor  insane,  consulted  Dr.  Todd  about  taking  charge  of  this 
Hospital.  Dr.  Todd,  knowing  the  man  and  his  extraordinary  qualifi- 
cations for  the  place,  at  once  recommended  Dr.  Woodward  to  their 
favorable  consideration,  and  when  appointed  Superintendent  urged  him 
to  accept  the  office.  He  was  appointed  Superintendent  in  September, 
1832,  and  came  to  Worcester  in  December  following,  and  moved  into 
the  Hospital  as  soon  as  some  of  the  rooms  could  be  furnished  for 
the  reception  of  his  family.  On  the  19th  of  January,  1833,  the  first 
patient  was  brought  to  the  Hospital  while  the  mechanics  were  still  at 
work  upon  the  interior.  He  retired  on  the  30th  of  June,  1846,  after 
having  spent  more  than  thirteen  years  of  the  best  portion  of  his  life  in 
the  laborious  and  perplexing  duties  of  this  Hospital.  He  was  a  noble 
specimen  of  his  race,  and  he  had  many  qualifications  which  peculiarly 
fitted  him  for  the  office  of  Superintendent  of  a  Hospital  for  the  Insane. 
His  personal  appearance  was  large,  and  his  carriage  was  truly  majes- 
tic. He  was  erect  and  rather  full  in  his  figure,  but  his  motions  were 
quick  and  graceful.  Although  very  civil  and  accessible  to  all,  he 
seemed  born  to  command.  Dignity,  and  ever-enduring  cheerfulness,  sat 
upon  his  countenance,  and  betokened  the  serenity  of  mind  and  a  happy 
state  of  feelings  within.  Several  of  his  elderly  personal  friends  have 
mentioned  to  the  writer  of  this,  that  they  had  often  been  struck  with 
the  close  resemblance  of  Dr.  Woodward,  in  his  physical  man,  to  that 
of  the  Father  of  his  country. 

Dr.  Woodward  was  well  fitted  to  commence  this  then  almost  new 
^department  of  philanthropic  labor.  His  education  ;  his  experience  on 
the  subject  of  insanity  ;  his  ardent  temperament  ;  his  business  habits  ; 
his  knowledge  of  men  ;  his  benevolent  spirit ;  his  habit  of  looking 
upon  the  bright  side  of  human  nature  ;  his  perseverance  and  his  noble 
ipersonal  appearance  all  conspired  to  sustain  and  carry  him  success- 
fully through  an  undertaking  beset  with  manifold  difficulties. 

His  powers  of  observation  were  great,  and  he  readily  understood 
the  character  of  men  with  whom  he  came  in  contact,  and  perceived 
quickly  the  true  relations  of  things.  He  was  systematic  in  his  busi- 
iness  and  energetic  in  the  execution  of  his  plans.  He  was  industrious 
and  untiring  in  his  labors. 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL.  19 

In  his  intercourse  with  others  he  was  dignified,  courteous,  and  pleas- 
ing. He  was  very  social,  and  soon  gained  the  confidence  of  those 
around  him.  The  insane  as  well  as  the  sane  were  always  gratified  by 
being  in  his  presence. 

His  mind  was  eminently  practical  and  ready.  Whatever  he  had 
learned  from  books  or  from  observation  of  nature,  was  always  at  his 
command.  He  was  apt  and  full  in  his  illustrations  drawn  from  his 
experience.  His  temperament  was  sanguine,  ardent  and  cheerful, 
never  desponding.  He  remarked  to  the  writer  of  this,  that  he  "  always 
felt  cheerful."  He  had  a  remarkable  power  of  sympathizing  with 
others  in  their  feelings,  and  of  communing  with  their  minds  and  of 
controlling  their  actions. 

By  his  labors  here,  and  in  his  Annual  Reports  to  your  Board,  he  did 
much  to  disseminate  correct  views  on  the  subject  of  insanity  in  this 
whole  community,  and  improve  the  management  of  the  insane.  He 
favored  such  of  the  benevolent  movements  of  the  day  as  tended  to 
elevate  his  fellow-man  and  improve  his  condition.  By  a  large  circle 
of  persons,  now  in  the  use  and  enjoyment  of  sound  minds,  he  will  be 
particularly  and  affectionately  remembered  as  the  honored  instrument 
of  their  recovery  of  themselves.  By  all  who  were  any  way  asso- 
ciated with  him,  he  will  be  remembered  as  the  wise  counsellor  and 
most  agreeable  companion.  By  those  who  shall  come  after  us,  he 
will  be  regarded  as  one  of  the  noblest  benefactors  of  his  day. 

That  his  value  was  appreciated  by  his  friends  and  the  then  Trustees, 
in  their  private  capacity,  was  manifest  in  their  obtaining,  at  a  cost 
of  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars,  by  one  of  the  best  masters, 
a  portrait  of  him,  to  be  always  kept  in  the  Hospital  with  which  his 
fame  is  so  closely  associated.  He  was  at  the  time  fifty-two  or  three 
years  old,  with  physical  powers  in  full  vigor,  and  mental  well  ma- 
tured. It  is  a  faithful  likeness  of  one  who  has  done  the  State  that 
adopted  him  imperishable  honor.  It  is  hoped  that  this  portrait  will 
never  be  removed  from  this  institution,  where  its  original,  for  more 
than  thirteen  years,  labored  so  successfully  to  string  anew  the  jarring 
sense  of  his  fellow-man,  but  will  remain  as  an  honorable  testimonial 
of  his  public  labors. 

A  marble  bust  of  Dr.  Woodward,  costing  about  $700,  obtained  after 
his  labors  closed  here,  by  many  of  the  citizens  of  this  place,  to  be 
always  kept  in  the  Hospital  also,  bears  testimony  to  the  value  with 
which  his  labors  were  held  and  his  memory  cherished  in  this  vicinity. 
The  bust  is  an  exact  figure  of  the  original  as  he  was  when  he  lived 
and  swayed,  with  his  noble  mind,  this  vast  household. 


20 


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40 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


TABLE  1. 

Showing  the  Admissions  from  each  County  the  last  and  previous  years. 


Barnstable,  - 
Berkshire,     ~ 
Bristol, 
Dukes, 
Essex, 
Franklin, 
Hampden,     - 
Hampshire,  - 
Middlesex,   - 
Nantucket,   - 
Norfolk, 
Plymouth,     - 
Suffolk, 
Worcester,  - 
Other  States, 


Males, 
Females,    - 

2 

6 

Males, 
Females,    - 

3 
3 

Males, 
Females,     - 

2 

8 

Males, 
Females,     - 

1 

0 

Males, 
Females,    - 

20 

9 

Males, 
Females,    - 

3 
2 

Males, 
Females,     - 

6 

7 

Males, 
Females,     - 

3 
2 

Males, 
Females,     - 

15 
25 

Males, 
Females,     - 

0 
0 

Males, 
Females,    - 

22 
14 

Males, 
Females,    - 

9 

8 

Males, 
Females,     - 

12 
5 

Males, 
Females,    - 

30 

24 

Males, 
Females,     - 

0 
0 

1850. 


10 


29 


13 


40 


36 


17 


17 


54 


241 


Previously. 


85 


105 


208 


14 


428 


88 


162 


155 


374 


26 


401 


332 


816 


10 
3357 


93 


111 


218 


15 


457 


93 


175 


160 


414 


26 


437 


153    170 


349 


870 


10 
3598 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


41 


TABLE  2. 

Showing  the  Admissions  and  State  of  the  Hospital^  from  December 
\st,  1849,  to  November  30th,  1850. 


Patients  in  the  Hospital,  Decem- 

Committed by  Overseers  of  the 

ber  1st,  1849, 

429 

Poor, 

16 

Males,    -        -         220 

Males,    -        -             4 

Females,         -         209 

Females,         -           12 

Patients  admitted   in  course  of 

Private  boarders  on  bonds. 

31 

the  year,        _        _        _        - 

241 

Males,    -        -           12 

Males,    -        -         129 

Females,         -           19 

Females,         -         112 

Whole  nmnber  in  the  Hospital  in 

course  of  the  year, 

670 

Foreigners — ^those  who  have  no 

Males,    -        -         349 

legal  residence  in  this  State — 

Females,         -         321 

admitted  during  the  year. 
Males,    -        -           48 

95 

Patients  remaining  in  the  Hospi- 

Females,        -           47 

tal,  November  30th,  1850,       - 

441 

Males,    -        -         228 

Foreigners  discharged  during  the 

Females,         -         213 

year,      _        -        -        -         . 

Males,    -        -           31 
Females,         -           27 

Foreigners  remaining  in  the  Hos- 

58 

Of  the   admissions,   there   were 

cases  of  less  duration  than  one 

pital  at  the  end  of  the  year,     - 

169 

year,     -        -        -        -        - 

155 

Males,    -        -           80 

Males,    -        -           83 

Females,         -           89 

Females,         -           72 

81 

Of  one  year  and  more, 

Males,    -        -           41 

State  paupers  remaining  in  the 

Females,         -           40 

Hospital  at  the   end  of  each 
year,  as  near  as  they  can  be 

Cases  the  duration  of  whose  in- 

ascertained: — 

sanity  before  admission  not  as- 

N0= 

certained,       -        -        -        - 

5 

1842,      -        -        -        . 

34 

Males,    -        -             5 

1843,      -        -        -        - 

38 

Females,         -             0 

1844,      ...        - 

38 

1845,      -        -        -        . 

57 

1846,      -        -        _        - 

'sa 

1847,'      -        -        -        - 

121 

Patients  committed  by  Courts,    - 

194 

1848,      -        -        -        - 

150 

Males,    -        -         115 

1849,      -        .        .        - 

167 

Females,         -           79 

1850,      -        -        -        - 

181 

42 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


TABLE  3. 

Showing  the  number  of  Discharges  and  Deaths,  and  the  condition  of 
those  who  left  the  Hospital,  from  December  1st,  1849,  to  November 
30th,  1850. 


i 

A 

2. 
% 

120 

109 

229 

Recov- 
ered. 

Improv- 
ed. 

Incurable 

and 
harmless. 

tncurable 
md  dan- 
gerous. 

Deaths. 

1 
1 

"3 

A 
1 

o 

si 
1 

o 
H 

3 

o 
E-i 

3 

t 

Patients  discharged, 

Males,     -        -        - 
Females, 

60 
65 

125 

11 

4 

15 

17 
11 

28 

3 
1 

4 

29 

28 

57 

120 
109 

Recent  cases — less  than 
one  year — discharged, 
Males,     -        -        - 
Females, 

54 
60 

114 

45 
54 

99 

3 
0 

3 

2 

1 

3 

0 
0 

0 

4 
5 

9 

54 
60 

Chronic  cases — one  year 
and  more — discharged. 
Males,     -        -        - 
Females, 

62 
49 

111 

13 
11 

24 

8 
4 

12 

15 

10 

25 

3 
1 

4 

23 

23 

46 

62 
49 

Patients   discharged,  the 
duration  of  whose  dis- 
ease not  ascertained. 

Males,     -        -        - 

Females, 

4 

0 

4 

2 

0 

2 

0 
0 

0 

0 
0 

0 

0 
0 

0 

2 

0 

2 

4 
0 

229 

125 

15 

28 

4 

57 

229 

As  the  Hospital  has  been  so  much  crowded  for  some  years  past,  the 
discharges  must  correspond  very  nearly  with  the  admissions.  Two 
hundred  and  twenty-nine  have  been  discharged,  of  whom  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five  have  recovered  and  returned  to  their  families  and 
former  pursuits.  Fifteen  have  left  with  some  amendment  of  their 
condition,  but  not  fully  restored.  The  courts'  have  discharged  some 
whose  condition  had  not  essentially  changed  by  their  residence  here. 
When  patients  have,  in  my  opinion,  become  rational  and  able  to  con- 
trol their  actions,  I  have  recommended  them  to  the  favorable  consider- 
ation of  two  or  more  members  of  your  Board  for  permission  to  let 
them  leave  the  Hospital.  Sometimes  the  friends  have  urged  their 
leaving  the  Hospital  before  we  had  become  fully  satisfied  that  it  was 
for  the  best  good  of  the  patient  to  do  so.     In  some  instances  of  this 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


43 


kind  where  the  cause  of  their  commitment,  the  violence  of  their  mal- 
ady, had  ceased,  I  have  complied  with  the  wishes  of  friends  and 
recommended  the  discharge  of  the  patient.  It  is  not  uncommon  for 
persons  who,  as  we  supposed,  left  the  Hospital  nearly  or  quite  recov- 
ered, to  feel  and  afterwards  say,  that  they  left  too  soon.  On  the  trial 
they  found  they  had  not  regained  sufficient  strength  of  mind  and  body 
to  meet  and  endure  the  vicissitudes  of  a  business  life.  But  we  are 
happy  to  know  that  most  of  those,  who  left  the  Hospital  as  recovered, 
continue  in  the  enjoyment  of  their  reason. 


TABLE  4. 

Shomng  the  number  of  Admissions  and  Discharges,  and  the  average 
number  in  the  Hospital,  each  month  in  the  year. 


December,  1849, 
January,      1850, 
February,        " 
March,  " 

April,  « 

May,  « 

June,  " 

July, 

August,  " 

September,     " 
October,  " 

November,      " 
Average  for  the  year, 


Monthly  Av- 
erage. 


432 
435 
440 
437 
435 
435 
430 
445 
454 
450 
444 
444 
440 


Admisi^ions. 

Discharges. 

19 

16 

21 

10 

7 

16 

22 

19 

22 

23 

18 

23 

24 

19 

26 

13 

27 

21 

17 

30 

21 

17 

17 

23 

44 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


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STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


45 


TABLE  6. 

Showing  the  whole  number  of  Residents  during  each  year,  the  average 
numher  each  year,  the  number  at  the  end  of  each  year,  and  the  Ex- 
penses of  each  of  the  seventeen  years  the  Hospital  has  been  in  ope- 
ration. 


Whole  No.  of 

Number  at 

The  Tear. 

Eesidents  dur- 

Average No. 

the  end  of  each 

Current  Expenses 

Annual  Expense 

ing  the  year. 

each  year. 

year. 

of  each  year. 

per  Patient. 

1833 

153 

107 

114 

#12,272  91 

#114  67 

1834 

233 

117 

118 

15,840  27 

135  38 

1835 

241 

120 

119 

16,576  44 

137  30 

1836 

245 

127 

138 

21,395  28 

168  44 

1837 

306 

163 

185 

26,027  07 

159  64 

1838 

362 

231 

218 

28,739  40 

136  20 

1839 

397 

223 

229 

29,474  41 

132  16 

1840 

391 

229 

236 

27,844  98 

121  59 

1841 

399 

233 

232 

28,847  62 

123  81 

1842 

430 

238 

238 

27,546  87 

111  12 

1843 

458 

244 

255 

27,914  12 

114  40 

1844 

491 

261 

263 

29,278  75 

112  17 

1845 

556 

316 

360 

43,888  65 

138  88 

1846 

637 

359 

367 

39,870  37 

111  06 

1847   . 

607 

377 

394 

39,444  47 

104  62 

1848 

655 

404 

409 

42,860  05 

106  09 

1849 

682 

420 

429 

40,870  86 

97  31 

1850 

670 

440 

441 

46,776  13 

106  40 

In  consequence  of  our  large  number,  the  expense  per  patient  has  the 
last  year  been  moderate.  Most  of  the  necessaries  for  the  support  of 
this  establishment  have  borne  a  medium  price.  Wages  and  salaries 
have  been  the  same  as  they  have  for  a  few  years  past,  but  the 
item  for  improvements  and  repairs  is  a  large  one.  Many  things, 
which  circumstances  seemed  to  require  should  be  done  this  year,  have 
been.  As  the  building  for  strong  rooms  for  males  was  to  be  heated 
with  steam  from  a  boiler  placed  in  the  laundry  which  is  contiguous, 
the  occasion  was  taken  for  making  extensive  improvements  there.  A 
dash  wheel  for  washing  was  placed  there,  to  be  driven  by  an  engine. 
It  cost  about  $125.  The  attic  of  the  laundry  was  fitted  up  for  drying 
clothes  in  the  winter  and  rainy  days  in  the  summer.  This  room  is 
heated  with  steam  pipes  coming  from  the  boiler  below.  The  airing 
room,  in  which  the  clothes  are  hung  to  take  out  all  dampness  after 
being  ironed,  has  been  fitted  up  with  sliding  clothes-frames.  The 
whole  of  the  laundry,  inside  and  out,  has  been  painted.     The  facili- 


46  STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 

ties  for  doing  this  work,  which  is  always  hard,  have,  by  these  changes, 
been  much  increased. 

Nine  large  clothes-rooms  or  closets  have  been  fitted  up  in  the  Jo- 
honnot  wards.  Something  of  this  kind  has  been  much  needed  for  a 
long  time. 

The  floors  in  four  of  the  wards  have  been  repaired  by  supplying 
new  boards  in  place  of  those  most  worn  out  or  splintered  up,  and  by 
smoothing  with  a  plane  the  whole  surface.  These  floors,  and  those  in 
six  other  wards,  have  had  the  cracks  between  the  boards  and  the  nail 
holes  puttied  up,  and  two  or  three  coats  of  stained  oil  put  upon  them. 

The  rooms  for  the  sinks  and  water-closets  have  been  changed  in  the 
south  Johonnot  wing.  An  iron  bathing-tub  has  been  put  in,  and  two 
iron  sinks  have  been  substituted  in  place  of  those  worn  out.  Some 
alterations,  and  it  is  hoped  improvements,  have  been  made  in  the 
water-closets  in  that  wing.  One  of  Collin's  ventilators  has  been  con- 
nected with  them.  This  alteration  was  deemed  advisable  that  the 
strong  rooms  might  be  accommodated  by  them. 

The  outsides  of  the  south  Johonnot  and  old  wing  both  have  been 
painted.  The  roof  of  the  Johonnot  Hall  and  three  of  the  kitchens, 
and  the  fence  in  front,  have  been  painted. 

A  ventilator  and  vane  have  been  put  upon  the  barn. 

The  cistern  in  the  centre  court  has  been  covered  with  stone,  at  an 
expense  of  $140. 

The  steps  in  front,  at  a  cost  of  $200,  have  been  reset,  and  seven 
new  ones  added,  and  cast-iron  hand-rails  placed  on  each  side  of  them, 
all  of  which  cost  $260. 

There  have  been  set  out  360  fruit  and  ornamental  trees  on  this  hill 
this  year. 

There  has  been  paid  one  individual  $500  to  settle  his  suit  for  dam- 
ages, caused  by  taking  water  in  our  aqueduct  from  six  wells  in  the 
valley  of  a  stream  that  passes  through  his  land,  half  a  mile  below. 

The  barn-yard  has  been  enlarged,  and  a  new  board  fence,  with  stone 
posts,  has  been  erected  on  the  east  side  of  it.  This  yard  has  been 
graded  by  adding,  on  the  lower  side,  more  than  one  hundred  cart 
loads  of  clay. 

The  twenty-one  new  rooms  for  violent  male  patients,  erected  the 
last  year,  have  of  late  been  fully  occupied.  They  answer  the  purpose 
for  which  they  were  intended  very  well.  They  are  accessible,  light 
enough,  airy,  and  as  free  from  noisome  exhalations  as  rooms  occupied 
constantly  by  such  a  class  of  patients  can  well  be  made. 

The  floors  are  warmed,  and  a  current  of  heated  air  is  thrown  into 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


47 


each  story.  The  foul  air  in  the  rooms  is  drawn  off,  through  several 
openings  in  the  internal  brick  partitions,  by  steam-pipes  placed  in  one 
common  trunk  in  the  attic.  Since  these  rooms  have  been  finished  we 
have  not  occupied  the  six  rooms  in  the  basement  of  the  old  south  wing, 
where  we  had  been  obliged  to  place  some  violent  male  patients  occa- 
sionally for  some  years  past. 

Gas. — On  the  eighth  of  January  last,  gas  was  burned  for  the  first 
time  in  this  Hospital.  By  order  of  your  Board  gas-pipes  and  burners 
were  fitted  up  in  the  north  half  of  the  institution.  The  pipe  measured 
in  length  1,393|  feet  at  32|^  cents  per  foot,  fitted  up.  The  pendants 
and  forty-four  burners  cost  $139  35.  The  whole  charge  for  the  gas 
fixtures  was  $592  31. 

The  expense  of  lighting  this  building  with  gas  we  find,  by  some 
experiments  we  tried,  to  be  somewhat  greater  than  lighting  it  with  oil ; 
but  still  I  apprehend  the  same  amount  of  light  can  be  obtained  from 
gas  cheaper  than  from  oil.  When  we  use  gas  we  almost  necessarily 
have  our  rooms  a  great  deal  more  brilliantly  lighted  than  we  do  when 
we  use  oil.  Gas  light  is  as  safe  as  oil.  It  is  much  more  cleanly  and 
requires  less  attention.  In  the  large  wards  of  hospitals  for  the  insane 
it  is  particularly  desirable,  its  light  is  so  diffusive  and  genial. 


TABLE  7. 

Showing  the  Causes  of  Insanity,  as  affecting  persons  pursuing  different 

Occupations. 


S 

£3 

§ 

€ 

•2 

2 

,g 

•-3 

<i 

, 

a  a 

_ 

rs 

J 

.2 

a 

>» 

0.2 

fe> 

t^ 

p. 

a 

C3 

S 

la 
S-2 

2 
'.£P 

t4 

1 

II 

'3, 

i 

1 

1 

M 

^ 

^ 

ft-" 

rt 

& 

P^ 

f^ 

1-5 

H 

Farmera, 

70 

22 

30 

30 

28 

31 

4 

11 

3 

229 

Laborers, 

91 

15 

17 

8 

11 

9 

4 

9 

2 

166 

Seamen, 

34 

6 

8 

3 

7 

7 

1 

1 

3 

70 

Merchants, 

15 

5 

32 

5 

4 

22 

1 

3 

0 

87 

Carpenters, 

18 

8 

10 

4 

11 

8 

3 

2 

0 

64 

Shoemakers, 

10 

11 

30 

7 

11 

6 

2 

1 

0 

78 

Blacksmiths, 

4 

1 

2 

1 

2 

4 

3 

1 

0 

18 

Students, 

0 

3 

24 

2 

2 

0 

0 

2 

0 

33 

Clergymen, 

1 

2 

4 

0 

1 

1 

1 

0 

0 

10 

Lawyers, 

2 

0 

2 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

6 

Physicians, 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

4 

Painters, 

2 

1 

11 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

0 

20 

Manufacturers,  - 

9 

3 

4 

2 

5 

5 

1 

0 

0 

29 

48 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


TABLE  8. 

Showing  the  Causes  of  Insanity,  and  the  circumstances  connected  with 
the  causes  and  predisposition  to  Insanity,  the  last  and  previous  years. 


1850. 

Previously. 

Ill  Health, 

16 

487 

.  Intemperance, 
Domestic  Affliction, 

- 

h 

- 

- 

6 
11 

345 

306 

Religion, 
Masturbation, 

- 

- 

- 

- 

8 
5 

240 

178 

Property, 

Disappointed  Affection, 

Disappointed  Ambition, 

Epilepsy, 

Puerperal, 

Wounds  on  the  Head, 

- 

• 

- 

- 

5 

6 

1 

13 

10 
6 

169 

88 
38 
84 
98 
42 

Hard  Labor, 

- 

- 

- 

- 

6 

32 

Jealousy, 
Fright,       - 
Palsy, 
Periodical  cases,    - 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3 

4 

2 

45 

13 

20 
30 

708 

Hereditary, 
Homicidal, 

- 

- 

- 

44 
33 

832 
76 

Have  committed  Homicide, 

_ 

- 

_ 

1 

20 

Suicidal,    - 

_ 

- 

_ 

- 

43 

267 

Have  committed  Suicide, 

. 

_ 

_ 

1 

16 

Cases  arising  from  Physical  causes, 
Cases  arising  from  Moral  causes. 

- 

- 

58 
42 

1322 

904 

TABLE  9. 

Previous  Occupation  of  Patients. 


1850. 

Previously. 

Farmers, 

_ 

16 

367 

Laborers, 

_ 

. 

_ 

_ 

12 

280 

Merchants, 

- 

- 

_ 

. 

2 

122 

Shoemakers, 

- 

_ 

_ 

_ 

10 

112 

Seamen, 

_ 

_ 

- 

_ 

6 

105 

Carpenters, 

- 

- 

- 

- 

11 

88 

Manufacturers, 

_ 

. 

_ 

_ 

3 

60 

Teachers, 

- 

. 

_ 

- 

2 

47 

Students, 

. 

. 

_ 

_ 

1 

44 

Blacksmiths, 

- 

_ 

_ 

_ 

1 

31 

Painters, 

- 

- 

_ 

_ 

2 

25 

Tailors, 

- 

-  ■ 

. 

- 

0 

18 

Clergymen, 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2 

17 

Lawyers, 

- 

- 

- 

- 

0 

7 

Physicians, 

- 

- 

. 

_ 

0 

8 

Females  accustome 

d  to  active  employment. 

- 

41 

711 

Females  accustome 

d  to  sedentary  employment. 

- 

8 

271 

STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


49 


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tic 


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50 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


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Under  20  years. 

From  20  to  less  than  30  years, 
"     30    "         "     40     " 
«     40    "         «     50     " 
«     50    "         "     60     " 
"     60    "         "     70     " 
»     70     «         "     80     « 
"     80  and  upwards. 

Civil  state  of  patients  when  admitted — 
Single,         .            _            -            - 
Married,        -            - 
Widows,       -            -            -            - 
Widowers,    -            -            -            - 
Unknown,     -            -            -            - 

STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


51 


TABLE  11. 


Ages  of  Patients 

n  the 

Hospital, 

Duration  of  Insanity  -with  those  remaining 

in  the 

December  Ist,  1850. 

Hospital,  December  1st,  1850. 

Under  10  years 

old, 

. 

1 

Less  than  1  year  insane. 

38 

From  10  to  15  years 

old, 

-     ■ 

3 

From  1  to    2  years  " 

65 

'     15  to  20 

« 

- 

9 

"      2  to    5     "      " 

109 

'     20  to  25 

(( 

- 

33 

"      5  to  10     "      " 

97 

'     25  to  30 

(( 

- 

49 

"     10  to  15     "      " 

49 

'     30  to  35 

u 

- 

80 

«    15  to  20     "      " 

23 

'     35  to  40 

(( 

- 

61 

"    20  to  25     "      « 

16 

'     40  to  45 

(( 

. 

51 

"    25  to  30     "      " 

7 

'     45  to  50 

li 

_ 

38 

Over  30              "      " 

10 

'     50  to  55 

(( 

- 

39 

Unknown,                  " 

27 

'     55  to  60 

(C 

- 

25 

'     60  to  65 

a 

- 

19 

441 

'     65  to  70 

ti 

_ 

17 

'     70  to  75 

(( 

. 

6 

'     75  to  80 

a 

_ 

9 

^ 

Over  80 

« 

1 
441 

52 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


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STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


TABLE  13. 

Diseases  that  have  proved  Fatal. 


1850. 

Previously. 

Marasmus, 

2 

59 

Apoplexy  and  Palsy, 

- 

- 

- 

6 

37 

Consumption, 

- 

- 

- 

7 

32 

Epilepsy, 

- 

- 

- 

9 

29 

Disease  of  the  Heart, 

- 

- 

- 

1 

17 

Suicide, 

- 

- 

- 

1 

16 

Disease  of  the  Brain, 

- 

- 

- 

2 

15 

Typhus  Fever, 

- 

- 

- 

3 

7 

Lung  Fever, 

_ 

. 

- 

1 

11 

Hemorrhage, 

- 

- 

- 

0 

5 

Dysenteric  Fever, 

- 

- 

- 

1 

7 

Cholera  Morbus, 

_ 

_ 

_ 

0 

4 

Inflammation  of  the  Bowels, 

. 

- 

0 

4 

Mortification  of  the  Limbs, 

- 

- 

0 

3 

Dropsy, 

- 

- 

- 

2 

4 

Chronic  Dysentery, 

- 

- 

- 

0 

4 

Erysipelas, 

- 

- 

- 

5 

7 

Diarrhcea, 

_ 

_ 

. 

1 

15 

Disease  of  the  Brain  from  Intemperance, 

- 

0 

2 

Bronchitis, 

_ 

- 

_ 

1 

2 

Old  age, 

- 

- 

. 

2 

3 

Gastric  Fever, 

- 

- 

- 

0 

4 

Land  Scurvy, 

- 

- 

- 

0 

1 

Congestive  Fever, 

- 

- 

■- 

0 

2 

Concussion  of  the  Brain 

_ 

_ 

0 

1 

Disease  of  the  Bladder, 

- 

_ 

0 

1 

Fright, 

- 

- 

- 

0 

1 

Rupture, 

- 

- 

- 

0 

1 

Exhaustion, 

. 

_ 

_ 

10 

9 

Convulsions, 

_ 

_ 

- 

0 

2 

Cholera, 

- 

_ 

- 

0 

4 

Asthma, 

- 

_ 

- 

1 

0 

Hydro  Thorax, 

- 

- 

- 

1 

0 

Cancer, 

1 

0 

57 

309 

Our  mortality  has,  the  past  year,  been  greater  than  usual.  But  it 
has  been  confined  almost  wholly  to  feeble  patients  whose  physical  sys- 
tems were  worn  out  and  whose  mental  recovery  was  hopeless.  In 
several  of  the  fatal  cases  their  insanity  was  only  one  of  the  symptoms 
of  the  lingering  dissolution  of  their  physical  powers.  Some  few  of 
the  poor  and  friendless  have  been  brought  to  us  in  their  last  sickness, 
when  delirium  had  rendered  them  troublesome,  to  be  taken  care  of 
where  they  were. 


d4  STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 

The  usual  summer  complaints  visited  our  household  but  very  lightly. 
The  month  of  August,  which  is  usually  the  sickly  month,  brought  less 
sickness  of  any  kind  this  year  than  ever  before.  We  have  had  noth- 
ing like  an  epidemic,  unless  about  twenty-five  cases  of  erysipelas, 
which  occurred  in  the  spring,  may  be  so  called.  These  cases  made 
their  appearance  from  the  last  of  February  to  the  first  of  June,  in  a 
majority  of  the  wards,  without  being  in  any  instance  contagious.  No 
cause  can  be  assigned  with  certainty  for  their  breaking  out  then  more 
than  any  other  time.  The  inflammation  was,  in  a  majority  of  the 
cases,  confined  to  the  head  and  face,  and  when  the  disease  extended 
down  into  the  body  it  was  apt  to  be  fatal.  In  some  few,  the  inflamma- 
tion extended  to  the  integuments  under  the  skin,  and  then  sloughing 
and  purulent  matter  was  formed. 

By  the  above  table,  it  is  shown  that  five  patients  died  of  this  mal- 
ady. The  lady,  Mrs.  Eliza  F.  Richardson,  who  assisted  in  my  family, 
also  died  of  it. 

It  was  noticed  that  those  patients  who  occupied  rooms  nearest  our 
hot-air  furnace,  and  were  consequently  the  warmest,  were  most  liable 
to  its  attack.  The  air  in  our  wards  in  the  winter  is  rather  hot  and  dry 
than  otherwise.  Some  of  the  floors  where  this  disease  prevailed  are 
but  seldom  wet. 

Consumption  and  its  near  associate,  marasmus,  has  found,  as  here- 
tofore, some  victims  among  us.  Wasting  away  of  their  lungs  and 
emaciation  of  the  whole  system,  are  the  very  common  results  of 
chronic  insanity. 

Epilepsy  is  one  of  the  most  common  causes  as  well  as  one  of  the 
most  common  sequels  of  insanity.  It  is  very  often  one  of  the  promi- 
nent symptoms  of  insanity  brought  on  by  habitual  intemperance  ;  and, 
where  it  is  so,  fatal  results  follow  in  a  short  time.  When  epilepsy 
comes  on  in  childhood  the  mind  almost  ceases  to  expand,  and,  al- 
though the  person  may  grow  up  to  manhood,  the  mind  becomes  fatui- 
tous. 

Of  twenty-eight  epileptic  patients  who  have  died  in  this  Hospital, 
and  whose  history  was  in  certain  particulars  known,  the  following 
table  (No.  14)  shows  that,  on  the  average, 


23  males, 
5  females, 


Insane  before  coming  to 
the  Hospital — 


36  months, 
60  months, 


Remained  in  the  Hos- 
pital— 


ISh  months, 
14  months, 


Died  at  the  age  of — 


42  years. 
38  years. 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL.  55 

The  number  of  males  afflicted  with  epilepsy  in  this  Hospital  is 
greater  than  that  of  females.  The  males  died  at  the  most  advanced 
age,  but  they  may  have  been,  and  probably  were,  attacked  with  epi- 
lepsy later  in  life  than  the  females  in  the  cases  considered. 

The  accessions  of  the  fits  of  epilepsy  are  veiy  irregular  as  to  time 
and  severity  in  different  persons.  Some  have  one  or  two  fits  every 
day  or  two,  or  every  month  or  two.  Some  have  ten  or  twenty  fits  in 
quick  succession  and  are  much  disturbed  in  mind  for  several  days,  to 
be  followed  by  an  interval  of  some  weeks  or  months  of  freedom  from 
fits  and  by  serenity  of  mind.  Some  are  seized  only  while  asleep  and 
some  only  while  awake.  In  some,  the  fits  amount  only  to  slight  dizzi- 
ness which  hardly  takes  away  consciousness.  In  others  all  the  senses 
are  locked  up  for  the  time,  and  the  physical  system  is  racked  with 
convulsions  horrid  to  behold.  As  a  general  thing,  these  persons  are 
unconscious  at  the  time  of  the  fit,  and,  after  apparently  suffering  the 
most  frightful  tortures,  wake  up  and  inquire  of  those  around  what  has 
happened.  A  very  few  have  a  short  warning  of  the  coming  on  of  a 
fit,  but  generally  they  know  nothing  of  it  except  as  they  are  told  by 
others.  Most  epileptics  enjoy  the  pleasing  delusion  of  believing  that 
their  fits  are  constantly  becoming  lighter  and  more  unfrequent. 

The  management  of  them  should  be  kind  and  conciliating.  About 
the  time  of  having  fits  they  are  irritable,  jealous,  and  easily  provoked 
to  violent  actions.  They  will  not  be  driven,  but  must  be  flattered. 
They  should  have  exercise,  but  should  never  get  fatigued.  Their 
diet  should  be  sparing  but  nutritious.  They  should  never  overload 
the  stomach  or  become  surfeited. 

But  little  can  be  done  effectually  in  the  way  of  medical  treatment. 
In  slight  cases,  stramonium,  nitrate  of  silver  and  sugar  of  lead  have 
got  some  reputation.  In  a  few  cases,  unconnected  with  insanity,  a 
mitigation  and  a  cure  even  has  followed  their  protracted  use.  But  the 
instances  of  recovery  are  rare. 

The  prospect  before  these  persons  is  to  us  always  cloudy ;  and  ex- 
perience tells  us  that  it  will  invariably  grow  darker. 


.STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


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STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL.  57 

The  farm  connected  with  this  Hospital  is  comprised  of  about  one 
hundred  acres.  It  is  well  adapted  to  grazing  and  tillage.  Its  produc- 
tions are  abundant  to  sustain  our  stock  of  four  horses,  two  oxen  and 
twenty-three  cows.  The  milk  of  the  cows  has  been  wholly  used  by 
the  inmates  of  this  establishment.  About  seven  acres  were  tilled  for 
raising  vegetables  for  the  table  and  the  stock.  A  list  of  them  below 
shows  their  abundance  and  their  value  as  estimated  by  Mr.  Thomas 
Hill,  the  steward.  The  three  great  ends  or  purposes  of  our  farming 
are  the  raising  of  vegetables  for  the  table,  producing  milk  and  meat 
from  our  stock,  and  supporting  the  horses  for  the  pleasure  of  the 
patients  and  use  of  the  establishment. 

The  profits  of  our  farming  cannot  be  ascertained  with  much  accu- 
racy. The  business  is  secondary  to  the  care  of  the  patients.  It  is 
necessary  to  have  always  about  the  Hospital  some  men,  who  have  no 
particular  duties  assigned  them,  to  take  the  places  of  those  who  may 
be  necessarily  absent.  These,  when  not  otherwise  employed,  work 
upon  the  land  with  such  patients  as  will  labor  with  beneficial  results,  or 
be  themselves  benefited  by  the  labor.  Labor  tends  to  give  health  and 
strength  to  the  physical  system  ;  and,  as  it  requires  a  certain  amount 
of  thought  and  atteiation,  it  is  tlius  effectual  in  diverting  the  thoughts 
of  the  insane,  for  the  time,  from  their  morbid  channels.  Whatever 
will  do  this  most  effectually  is  the  great  moral  means  in  the  recovery 
of  their  reason  and  self-control.  We  often  have  twenty  or  thirty  male 
patients  out  about  our  premises  at  work,  and  as  many  females  in  our 
kitchens  and  laundry,  besides  those  who  knit  and  sew  in  the  wards. 
Much  valuable  labor  is  accomplished  by  them.  They  are  encouraged 
to  labor,  for  its  immediate  benefit  to  their  health,  and  for  its  ultimate 
effect  in  lessening,  in  some  degree,  the  price  of  their  support  here. 
For  the  support  of  those  patients  who  have  no  means  of  their  own, 
and  no  legal  settlement  in  this  State,  a  certain  fixed  sum  for  each  has 
been  annually  drawn  from  the  treasury  of  the  Commonwealth  ;  but  for 
the  support  of  all  others  in  the  Hospital  the  price  is  annually  deter- 
mined by  the  current  expenses.  It  has  always  been  our  wish,  and 
towards  which  point  our  efforts  have  been  directed,  to  bring  the  price 
of  board  here  within  the  means  of  the  unfortunate  insane  and  their 
friends,  who  are  too  often  ill  prepared  to  sustain  their  pecuniary  burdens. 

The  products  of  the  farm  and  garden  consisted  of 

Potatoes,       75  bushels,  at  60  cents, $45  00 

Green  peas,  30       "        "  $1, 30  00 

Beets,          220       "        "  25  cents, 55  00 

Turnips,      180       "        *'  "      " 45  00 

8 


58 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


i23  45 

87  10 

27  50 

70  00 

60  00 

1,365  00 

262  08 

719  16 

^2,789  29 


$585  00 

532 

50 

5 

20 

50 

00 

Parsnips,     35  bushels,  at  67  cents,     . 
Onions,     130       "  "  67     " 

Apples,       55       "         "  50     " 
Winter  squash,  7,000  pounds,  at  1  cent. 
Cabbages,  1,500,  each  4  cents,  . 
Quarts  of  milk,  39,000,  3J  cents,      . 
Beef,  4,032  pounds,  6J  cents,    . 
Pork,  11,986     "        6       " 


There  was  raised  for  wintering  the  stock, 
Hay,  58|  tons,  at  $10,      . 
Carrots,  2,130  bushels,  at  25  cents,    . 
Oats,  13  bushels,  at  40  cents,     . 
Oats,  cut  green,  5  tons, 


$1,172  70 

Besides  the  above,  the  garden  produced  a  large  supply  for  the  estab- 
lishment, of  cucumbers,  lettuce,  tomatoes,  &c. 

Our  patients  have  spent  their  time  the  past  year  in  labor,  amuse- 
ments, and  socially,  in  their  wakeful  hours.  The  amusements  most 
in  vogue,  are  our  in-door  ball  and  pins,  cards,  chess  and  back-gam- 
mon. Mental  diversion  and  bodily  exercise  are  the  objects  we  have 
in  view.  The  more  intelligent  class  read  the  daily  prints  and  the 
books  from  a  library  of  several  hundred  volumes  devoted  to  their  use. 
The  local  newspapers  of  this  State  find  readers  particularly  interested 
in  each  of  them.  Many  such,  by  the  favor  of  their  editors  and  by 
exchanges  from  the  printing  offices  in  this  city,  for  which  we  are  very 
o-rateful  in  behalf  of  our  patients,  are  distributed  weekly  in  all  our 
wards. 

The  following  are  sent  oui»  inmates  gratuitously.  For  such  valuable 
gifts  our  inmates  are  very  thankful.  The  Daily  Advertiser,  Evening 
Gazette,  Olive  Branch,  Puritan  Recorder,  Christian  Witness  and 
Church  Advocate,  Christian  Watchman  and  Reflector,  Youth's  Com- 
panion, Monthly  Religious  Magazine,  and  Boston  Saturday  Rambler, 
from  Boston  ;  Register  and  Mercury,  from  Salem  ;  Sandwich  Ob- 
server ;  Lynn  News  ;  Old  Colony  Memorial ;  Gospel  Messenger,  from 
Utica,  N.  Y. ;  The  Daily  and  Weekly  Spy,  Palladium,' Cataract,  Chris- 
tian Citizen,  and  The  N.  E.  M.  T.  Journal  from  this  city.  Besides 
these,  there  are  as  many  more  sheets  taken  by  the  various  members 


STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL.  59 

of   our  family  just  from  the  press.     These  pass  from  one  patient  to 
another  as  they  are  read. 

Our  patients  walk  out  pleasant  days  with  their  attendants,  over  the 
neighboring  hills,  and  they  ride  in  two  carriages  devoted  to  their  use. 
The  matron's  parties  are  still  kept  up  ;  and,  occasionally,  dancing 
parties  for  the  patients  of  both  sexes,  with  their  attendants,  are  got  up 
during  the  winter  evenings. 

The  "  Macomber  Troupe"  most  kindly  volunteered  their  services, 
and  entertained  our  assembled  household,  in  the  chapel,  on  the  after- 
noon of  the  13th  of  May,  for  an  hour,  with  their  agreeable  music. 
Madam  Lovai'ney,  with  her  assistants,  also  gave  us  a  delightful  con- 
cert, August  13th,  in  our  chapel,  at  which  between  two  and  three 
hundred  of  the  insane  were  present ;  and  they  seemed  to  be  much 
gratified  in  having  made  our  household  happy  for  an  hour. 

For  the  President's  Message  in  3  vols,  and  other  valuable  public 
documents,  we  are  indebted  to  the  Hon.  Charles  Allen.  During  the 
year,  Charles  Calhoun,  Esq.,  forwarded,  for  the  use  of  our  inmates, 
two  large  packages  of  printed  documents  of  the  legislative  proceed- 
ings. Other  friends  have  occasionally  remembered  us  in  like  manner. 
The  Hon.  Horace  Mann  sent  us  a  large  box  of  books  and  pamphlets, 
and  Miss  Dix  a  beautiful  engraving.  From  the  honorable  senator  in 
Congress  from  this  city,  we  have  just  received  two  volumes  of  the 
President's  Message,  the  Patent  Office  Reports  of  1848  and  1849,  and 
a  copy  of  the  Congressional  funeral  rites  of  President  Taylor. 

The  religious  services  have  been  ably  performed  and  appropriately 
conducted  by  the  chaplain,  who  has  for  many  years  dispensed  the 
word  to  this  peculiar  congregation  of  about  three  hundred  persons. 
The  patients  usually  observe  great  decorum  in  the  chapel,  and  many 
fully  appreciate  this  privilege  of  assembling  for  social  worship. 
Many  of  the  insane,  as  well  as  the  afflicted,  receive,  with  grateful 
hearts  and  very  susceptible  emotions,  the  consolations  of  the  gospel. 

Most  respectfully, 

GEO.  CHANDLER. 


State  Lunatic  Hospital, 
Worcestei-,  Dec.  2,  1850. 


60 


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Rain  at  4  P.  M.     Lettuce. 

Clematis.     Scullcap.     Slight  rain. 

Shower  this  morning.     American  Senna. 

Button  Brush.     Lobelia.    Cardinalis. 

Thermometer  91°  at  12  M.     Lightning. , 

Shower  at  5  P.  i\l. 

Agrimonia.     Hibiscus. 

Slight  ram.    Sagittaria. 

Water  Horehouad. 

Pickerel  weed. 

Digitalis. 

Fair  at  5  P.  M.     Dodder. 

Rain  continued. 

Rain  during  the  day. 

Isanthus. 

Dwarf  tree  Primrose. 
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Rain  began  at  %  A.  M. 
Shower  at  2^  P.  M. 

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STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


A  List  of  Trustees  from  the  commencement  of  the  Institution^  with  the 
Building  Commissioners, — the  first  three, — who  uiere  appointed  Com- 
missioners in  1830  : — 


When 

When 

Names. 

Residence. 

appoint- 
ed. 

services 
ended. 

In  what  way  services  ended. 

Horace  Mann,     - 

Dedham, 

1832 

1834 

Commission  expired. 

Bazaleel  Taft,  Jr., 

Uxbridge, 

1832 

1834 

((              (( 

Wm.  B.  Calhoun, 

Springfield, 

1832 

1835 

((              « 

Alfred  D.  Foster, 

Worcester, 

1832 

1836 

u                   u 

Francis  C.  Gray, 

Boston, 

1832 

1836 

li                 (( 

Thomas  A.  Green, 

New  Bedford, 

1834 

1837 

il                 11 

Thomas  Kinnicutt, 

Worcester, 

1834 

1838 

a                  a 

Horace  Mann,     - 

Boston, 

1835 

1839 

((                   it 

Emery  Washburn, 

Worcester, 

lb36 

1837 

Resigned. 

Abraham  R.  Thompson, 

Charlestown, 

1836 

1841 

Commission  expired. 

Myron  Lawrence, 

Belchertown, 

1837 

1840 

(1                       n 

Stephen  Salisbury, 

Worcester, 

1837 

1840 

ii                   (( 

E.  D.  Bangs,       - 

Worcester, 

1838 

1838 

Death. 

William  Lincoln, 

Worcester, 

1838 

1840 

Commission  expired. 

Daniel  P.  King,  - 

Danvers, 

1839 

1844 

ii                   a 

Alfred  D.  Foster, 

Worcester, 

1840 

1842 

a                  « 

Maturin  L.  Fisher, 

Worcester, 

1840 

1843 

((                   (( 

Henry  Gardner,  - 

Boston, 

1840 

1845 

((                            (C 

Robert  Campbell, 

Pittsfield, 

1841 

1843 

Resigned. 

Edwin  Conant,    - 

Worcester, 

1842 

1844 

" 

H.  H.  Childs,      - 

Pittsfield, 

1843 

1846 

Commission  expired. 

Joseph  Sargent,  - 

Worcester, 

1843 

1848 

a                  (( 

Stephen  Salisbury, 

Worcester, 

1844 

1850 

U                         11 

Stephen  C.  Phillips,     - 

Salem, 

1844 

- 

- 

Jesse  Murdoch,  - 

Carver, 

1845 

1847 

Commission  expired. 

Thomas  F.  Plunkett,  - 

Pittsfield, 

1846 

1849 

((              '( 

Thomas  French, 

Canton, 

1847 

1848 

Resigned. 

Isaac  Davis, 

Worcester, 

1848 

1849 

(( 

William  Appleton, 

Boston, 

1849 

- 

- 

Levi  Lincoln, 

Worcester, 

1849 

_ 

- 

E.H.  Kellogg,   - 

Pittsfield, 

1849 

- 

. 

J.  S.  C.  Knowlton, 

Worcester, 

1850 

- 

- 

STATE  LUNATIC  HOSPITAL. 


76 


BOARD    OF    TRUSTEES: 


Stephen  C.  Phillips,  President, 

William  Appleton,  - 

Levi  Lincoln,  -         -         -         - 

E.  H.  Kellogg,  -         -     '   - 

J,  S.  C.  Knowlton,  Secretary,     • 


Salem, 

Boston, 

Worcester, 

Pittsfield, 

Worcester, 


TREASURER: 
Samuel  Jennison,       -----         Worcester, 

Office  at  the  Institution  for  Savings. 


CHAPLAIN; 


Rev.  Geo.  Allen, 


Worcester. 


RESIDENT    OFFICERS 


Geo.  Chandler,  M.  D., 
John  R.  Lee,  M.  D.,  - 
Merrick  Bemis,  M.  D., 
Thomas  Hill,    - 
Miss  Elizabeth  A.  Reid, 
John  T.  Mirick, 
Mrs.  Phebe  S.  Mirick, 
Edward  A.  Smith,     - 


Superintendent, 
Assistant  Physician, 

Steward, 
Matron, 
Supervisor, 

Clerk. 


^pp2  5^9W.P,A. 


