n 

7 

R  E  P  O  R  T 

OF  THE 

COMMITTEE  OF  VISITORS 

/ 

OF  THE 


ELEVENTH  ANNUAL  REPORT ; 


TOGETHER  WITH  THE 

i  y 

REPORTS  OF  THE  MEDICAL  SUPERINTENDENT  AND  CHAPLAIN  ; 


ALSO  AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 


RECEIPTS  &  PAYMENTS  TO  THE  END  OF  THE  YEAR  18G1. 


BIRMINGHAM 

PRINTED  BY  B.  HUNT  &  SONS,  75,  HIGH  STREET. 


1862. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2018  with  funding  from 
Wellcome  Library 


\ 


I 


https://archive.org/details/b30300782 


irmmijjram 


♦ 


COMMITTEE  OF  VISITORS, 

HENRY  MANTON,  Esq.,  Mayor. 

Alderman  CHARLES  STURGE,  Chairman. 
Alderman  HENRY  HAWKES. 

Alderman  T.  R.  T.  HODGSON. 

Alderman  T.  LLOYD. 

Alderman  Sir  JOHN  RATCLIFF. 

Councillor  G.  BRADBURN. 

Councillor  F.  DEE. 

Councillor  T.-' LEES. 

Councillor  T.  NAISH. 

Councillor  E.  PEYTON. 

Councillor  J.  TAYLOR  (Hampton  Ward). 
Councillor  J.  W.  WALSH. 

OFFICERS. 

T.  GREEN,  M.R.S.C.,  Medical  Superintendent. 

Rev.  C.  BRITTAIN,  Chaplain. 

N.  KIMBERLEY,  Treasurer. 

W.  F.  KNIGHT,  Clerk  and  Steward,  and  Clerk  to  Visitors. 

Mrs.  Knight,  Matron. 


X, 


- 


' 


Ihttralk  g^ghtm  Committer  of  PisHors. 


REPO  R T 

FOR  THE  YEAR  1861, 

PRESENTED  TO  THE  TOWN  COUNCIL,  FEBRUARY  18th,  1862. 


As  required  by  the  Lunatic  Asylum  Act  of  1853,  the  Committee 
of  Visitors  of  the  Birmingham  Borough  Lunatic  Asylum  present 
their  annual  Report  for  the  year  1861  to  the  Town  Council. 


On  the  1st  of  January,  1861,  the  number  of  Patients  in  the 


Asylum  was  . 

Admitted  in  the  year  . 


Discharged  in  the  year 
Died 


Total 


344 

142 

486 


80 

80 


Total  discharged  and  died  .  .  .  .  .  110 


Leaving  in  the  Asylum  on  the  31st  December,  1861  376 


They  we  re  chargeable  as  follows 

Birmingham  Parish  .  .  .  ,  .  .  '298 

Birmingham  Borough  .....  8 

Aston  Union  ......  48 

King’s  Norton  Union  .....  6 

Bridgnorth  Borough  .....  6 

Warwick  County.  .....  2 

Patients  not  Paupers  .  .  .  •  •  13 


Total  .  376 


6 


The  daily  average  number  of  Patients  resident  through  the  year 
was  860. 

Twenty-five  of  the  cases  admitted  had  been  previously  in  this 
Asylum. 

Ten  of  the  Patients  discharged  were  taken  away  by  their  friends, 
the  same  being  sanctioned  by  the  Committee. 

Six  Patients  were  removed  to  the  Workhouse  for  want  of  room 
in  the  Asylum.  Fourteen  were  removed  to  other  Asylums,  being 
cases  not  chargeable  to  the  Parish  or  Borough  of  Birmingham  ;  and 
six  Patients  absconded,  which  were  not  recaptured. 

The  Income  and  Expenditure  for  the  year  is  as  follows  : — 

Income  from  Parishes,  Unions, 

Private  Patients,  and  Goods 
sold  ....  £8210  18  9 

Expenditure  for  Maintenance,  &c.  7691  8  8 

Balance  .  .  .  519  15  1 

Receipts  from  Farm  and  Garden, 

with  Stock  .  .  .  2688  12  0 

Expenditure  ditto  .  2448  14  4 

Balance  .  .  .  189  17  8 

Total  Balance  in  favour  of  the  Asylum  .  £709  12  9 


The  Treasurer’s  Accounts  for  the  year  are  as  follows  : — 

Amount  due  to  Treasurer,  Dec.  31st,  1861,  £2788  5  7 

Tradesmen’s  Accounts  for  December  Quarter  860  0  8 

Total  .  £3643  6  3 


Arrears  of  Accounts  due  to 

Asylum,  Sept.  30th  .  £1563  7  8 

Accounts  due  Dec.  31st,  1861  2983  4  5 

Total  £4496  12  1 

Balance  in  favour  of  Asylum  .  .  .  £853  5  10 


7 


The  charge  per  week  for  Maintenance,  &c.,  through  the  year 
has  been  as  follows  : — 


s.  d. 

To  Parishes  in  and  Borough  of  Birmingham  .  8  6 

,,  Bridgnorth  Borough  .  .  .  .  .  11  0 

,,  Outlying  Parishes  .  .  .  .  .116 

,,  Private  Patients  .  .  .8s.  Qd.  and  12  6 


These  charges  are  sixpence  per  week  in  advance  of  the  year 
1860  (with  the  exception  of  Bridgnorth)  ;  this  advance  was  deemed 
advisable  by  your  Committee  from  the  high  price  of  provisions  and 
other  things  required  for  the  maintenance  of  the  Institution. 

From  January  1st  to  December  31st,  6663  relations  and  friends 
visited  the  patients  at  the  Asylum,  and  many  patients  have  been 
permitted  to  visit  their  homes,  leaving  the  Asylum  in  the  morning 
and  returning  in  the  evening.  There  was  on  an  average  242 
patients  attending  Chapel ;  and  285  daily  employed. 

Two  of  the  Commissioners  in  Lunacy  visited  the  Asylum  on  the 
31st  of  October,  and  again  on  the  1st  of  November  ;  the  following 
passages  are  from  their  Report : — 

“  During  our  visits  the  Patients  were  generally  free  from 
excitement,  and  no  one  was  restrained  or  secluded. 

“  Very  few  of  the  Patients  were  in  bed,  and  their  bodily 
health  is  generally  good.  The  last  entry  in  the  Medical  Journal 
shews  that  4  men  and  5  women  are  under  medical  treatment. 

“  Of  the  whole  body  of  Patients,  233  are  habitually  em¬ 
ployed  in  various  ways,  and  all  the  clothing,  shoes,  &c.,  are 
made  on  the  premises. 

“  All  the  wards  were  very  clean,  and  quite  free  from  any 
offensive  odour.  The  bedding  was  also  in  excellent  order  ;  we 
noticed  with  satisfaction  the  comfortable  and  cheerful  appearance 
of  several  of  the  Galleries,  which  have  lately  been  papered, 
decorated,  and  furnished  ;  and  we  are  glad  to  hear  that  the 
other  Galleries  will  gradually  be  made  to  resemble  them. 

“  We  have  inspected  the  Land,  consisting  of  about  eighteen 
acres,  which  has  recently  been  added  to  the  Asylum  property  ; 
a  pathway  runs  along  the  western  boundary  of  it,  and  we  think 
it  very  desirable  that  this  should  be  closed,  if  powers  can  be 
obtained  for  so  doing.” 


8 


The  Asylum  has  been  regularly  visited  by  Members  of  the  Com¬ 
mittee,  at  uncertain  periods,  and  their  reports  show  the  good  con¬ 
dition  of  all  connected  with  its  cleanliness,  order,  and  management ; 
also  the  tranquility  and  general  satisfaction  of  the  patients. 

The  ventilation  continues  to  work  well,  there  is  a  good  supply 
of  water ;  the  warming  of  the  galleries  is  satisfactory,  and  the 
drainage  (with  one  exception)  has  been  effective  through  the  year. 
The  alterations  made  in  the  front  Galleries  answer  well  their  intended 
purposes,  —the  open  fire-places  in  these  galleries  have  a  very  cheerful 
appearance,  and  the  galleries  themselves  form  a  comfortable  sitting- 
room,  affording  ample  space  for  all  the  patients  to  group  themselves 
round  the  fire,  or  otherwise.  These  galleries  have  been  papered  and 
painted,  entirely  dispensing  with  whitewash. 

On  the  Male  side,  the  floors  both  of  the  bed-rooms  and  galleries 
are  dry  polished,  therefore  free  from  all  damp  and  unhealthiness 
caused  by  scouring  them,  while  for  cleanliness,  this  method  of  polish¬ 
ing  floors  and  painting  walls  and  ceilings,  is  preferable  to  scouring 
and  whitewashing. 

The  alterations  in  the  Laundry,  forming  part  of  the  plan  for 
enlarging  the  Asylum,  were  completed  previous  to  commencing  the 
additions  to  the  general  building.  This  alteration  consisted  in 
making  day-room  and  sleeping  accommodation  for  thirty  patients 
and  their  attendants,  with  bath-room,  scullery,  &c.,  for  the  same. 
The  work  was  done  by  J.  Hardwick  and  Bon,  at  a  cost  of  £568.  10s., 
and  the  whole  was  finished  and  furnished  by  the  end  of  May  last ; 
since  that  time  twenty-eight  patients  have  been  located  there,  and 
employed  in  doing  the  washing  of  the  Establishment.  Alterations 
have  also  been  made  in  the  Kitchen  apartments,  giving  accommoda¬ 
tion  to  five  female  patients  who  are  employed  there.  These  arrange¬ 
ments  made  room  for  the  increased  number  of  female  patients,  and 
although  the  Asylum  through  the  year  has  been  so  overcrowded,  the 
health  of  the  inmates  has  been  remarkably  good. 

The  occupation  of  the  patients  continues  to  afford  not  only  one 
of  the  best  means  towards  their  restoration  to  health,  but  the  Insti¬ 
tution  is  benefited  thereby.  The  value  of  their  labour  for  the  year, 
estimated  at  a  very  low  rate,  amounts  to  £810.  10s.  Id. 

The  purchase  of  the  eighteen  acres  of  Land  for  the  use  of  the 
Asylum  is  completed,  and  the  Committee  of  Visitors  proposed  to  the 


9 


Guardians  of  the  Poor  of  the  Parish  of  Birmingham  a  mutual 
exchange  of  the  land  belonging  to  the  said  Guardians  adjoining  the 
Asylum  Estate,  for  a  portion  of  the  land  purchased  adjoining  the 
Workhouse.  Your  Committee  have  to  report  that  so  advantageous 
an  exchange  to  both  parties  was  not  agreed  to  by  the  Guardians. 

The  plans  for  enlarging  the  Asylum,  prepared  by  Mr.  Martin,  the 
architect,  and  sanctioned  by  the  Council,  were  submitted  by  adver¬ 
tisement  to  contractors  in  the  month  of  May  last,  when  ten  tenders 
were  received,  from  which  the  Committee  selected  that  of  Messrs. 
Chambers  and  Hilton,  their  tender  being  £8339 — the  highest  tender 
was  £13,175.  14s.  3 d. — the  work  was  commenced  on  the  14th  day 
of  June,  and  was  to  have  been  completed  by  the  end  of  October, 
which  probably  would  have  been  the  case,  but  from  the  difficulty 
experienced  by  the  Contractors  in  procuring  stone,  &c.,  in  the 
quantity  and  of  the  quality  required.  The  works  however  have 
progressed  so  far,  that  the  front  blocks  will  be  finished  ready  for 
furnishing  by  the  end  of  the  present  month,  when  the  house  will  be 
relieved  from  its  now  overcrowded  state. 

Your  Committee  hope  when  the  extension  of  the  Asylum  is 
completed,  to  afford  some  accommodation  to  a  class  of  persons  in  the 
Borough  who  by  their  means  are  shut  out  from  private  Asylums,  or 
by  paying  the  rates  charged  therein  are  soon  reduced  to  poverty,  and 
ultimately  find  their  way  through  the  Parish  into  your  Asylum. 

In  no  town  in  England  is  Lunatic  Asylum  accommodation  for  the 
middle  class  of  its  inhabitants  more  required  than  in  Birmingham, 
as  this  class  of  persons  under  the  affliction  of  insanity  are  entirely 
unprovided  for,  and  in  this  respect  are  worse  off  than  the  pauper. 
This  question,  it  is  hoped,  will  shortly  receive  the  consideration  it 
requires  from  the  Legislature,  and  arrangements  will  be  made  by 
which  the  insane  of  the  middle  class  of  society  will  be  admitted  into 
the  Public  Asylums. 

(Signed,) 

CHARLES  STURGE, 
Chairman. 


10 


BIRMINGHAM  BOROUGH 


MALE  DIETAEY. 

>  *  ^  .  / 

BREAKFAST. 

1  pint  of  Coffee,  6  oz.  Bread,  and  %  oz.  of  Butter. 


DINNER. 


Sunday 


Mo7iday 

and 

Thursday 


'9  oz.  undressed  Meat,  free  from  Bone  (roasted). 

.  •  16  oz.  Potatoes,  or  other  Vegetables. 

3  oz.  Bread,  and  £  pint  of  Beer. 

'Meat  and  Potatoe  Pie  (crust  12  oz.,  Meat  4  oz.)  and 
£  pint  of  Beer;  or  16  oz.  of  Suet  Pudding,  with 
I  raisins  and  %  pint  of  Beer. 

[Extra  diet  these  days  of  Meat  and  Vegetables. 


Tuesday 

and 

Friday 


'8  oz.  of  undressed  Meat,  free  from  bone  (boiled). 
-  16  oz.  of  Potatoes  or  other  Vegetables. 
kand  3  oz.  of  Bread,  and  £  pint  of  Beer. 


W ednesday 


' 1 £  lb.  of  Irish  Stew  (of  4  oz.  Meat  and  16  oz.  Vege¬ 
tables),  and  ^  pint  of  Beer,  with  3  oz.  of  Bread. 
Extra  diet  this  day  of  Meat  and  Vegetables. 


11%  pint  Pea  Soup  (Meat  same  as  Stew)  &  6  oz.  Bread, 
Saturday  .  -j  or  16  oz.  of  Rice  or  other  Pudding,  &  %  pint  of  Beer. 
[Extra  diet  this  day  of  Meat  and  Vegetables. 


TEA. 

1  pint  of  Tea,  6  oz.  of  Bread,  and  %  oz.  of  Butter. 


Extra  diet  as  per  Medical  order. 


TO  PATIENTS  EMPLOYED. 

At  11  o’clock  a.m.  4  oz.  of  Bread,  1  oz.  of  Cheese,  &  %  pint  of  Beer; 
at  4  o’clock  p.m.  %  pint  of  Beer,  from  Lady-day  to  Michaelmas. 

W.  F.  KNIGHT,  Clerk,  &c. 


11 


LUNATIC  ASYLUM,  1861. 


.  FEMALE  DIETARY. 

BREAKFAST. 

1  pint  of  Coffee,  6  oz.  of  Bread,  and  |  oz.  of  Butter. 


DINNER. 


( 8  oz.  of  undressed  Meat,  free  from  bone  (roasted). 
Sunday  .  \  12  oz.  of  Potatoes,  or  other  Vegetables.  • 

(3  oz.  of  Bread,  and  %  pint  of  Beer. 


Monday 

and 

Thursday 


Meat  and  Vegetable  Pie  (crust  9  oz.  Meat  3  oz.),  and  |- 
pint  of  Beer ;  or  Suet  Pudding  12  oz.,  with  raisins, 
and  ^  pint  of  Beer. 

.Extra  diet  these  days  of  Meat  and  Vegetables. 


Tuesday 

and 

Friday 


'1  oz.  of  undressed  Meat,  free  from  bone  (boiled). 
-  12  oz.  of  Potatoes,  or  other  Vegetables. 

,3  oz.  of  Bread,  and  \  pint  of  Beer. 


Wednesday 


1  lb.  of  Irish  Stew  (4  oz.  Meat,  &  12  oz.  Vegetables) 
3  oz.  of  Bread,  and  4  pint  of  Beer. 

.Extra  diet  this  day  of  Meat  and  Vegetables . 


Saturday 


'1  pint  of  Pea  Soup  (Meat  same  quantity  as  Stew),  and 
6  oz.  of  Bread,  or  12  oz.  of  Rice  or  other  Pudding, 
and  4  pint  of  Beer. 

[Extra  diet  this  day  of  Meat  and  Vegetables. 


TEA. 

1  pint  of  Tea,  6  oz.  of  Bread,  and  £  oz.  of  Butter. 


Extra  diet  as  per  Medical  order. 


To  Laundry  Workers,  Kitchen  Patients,  and  House  Cleaners,  at  11 
o’clock  am.,  4  oz.  of  Bread,  1  oz.  of  Cheese,  and  £  pint  of  Beer. 

W.  F.  KNIGHT,  Clerk,  &c. 


12 


BIRMINGHAM  BOROUGH  LUNATIC  ASYLUM. 


SALARIES  AND  WAGES. 


Officers,  Attendants,  and  Servants. 

To  what  Account 
charged. 

Amount  per 
Annum. 

f  Medical  Superintendent  . 

To  Necessaries  Acct. 

£ 

850 

s. 

0 

d. 

0 

Chaplain  .... 

ditto 

100 

0 

0 

*  Clerk  of  Asylum,  of  Visitors, 

ditto 

160 

0 

0 

and  Steward 

*  Matron  .... 

ditto 

60 

0 

0 

*  Assistant  Clerk 

ditto 

30 

0 

0 

Baker  and  Brewer 

Maintenance  Acct. 

65 

0 

0 

Stoker  and  Assistant  Brewer  . 

ditto 

58 

10 

0 

*  Ten  In-door  Male  Attendants  . 

ditto 

225 

0 

0 

*  One  Male  Night  ditto 

‘ditto 

25 

0 

0 

*  Ten  Female  ditto 

ditto 

181 

0 

0 

*  One  Female  night  ditto 

ditto 

20 

0 

0 

*  Two  Laundry  ditto 

ditto 

40 

0 

0 

*  Two  Kitchen  ditto 

ditto 

29 

0 

0 

*  Two  House  Maids 

ditto 

18 

0 

0 

f  One  Gardener  (Wife  Front 

Farm  &  Garden  acct. 

71 

10 

0 

Lodge  Keeper) 

Three  Out-door  Attendants 

ditto 

156 

0 

0 

f  One  Farm  Man  (Wife  Dairy 

ditto 

52 

0 

0 

Woman) 

t  One  Engineer  (Wife  Side  Gate 

Building  Rep.  Acct. 

78 

0 

0 

Keeper) 

One  Carpenter 

ditto 

72 

16 

0 

One  Painter,  Bricklayer,  &c.  . 

ditto 

69 

12 

9 

One  Tailor  .... 

Clothing  Account 

65 

0 

0 

One  Shoemaker 

ditto 

65 

0 

0 

£1991 

8 

9 

Marked  thus  *  have  Maintenance,  &c. 
Marked  thus  +  Apartments,  Fuel,  and  Gras. 


W.  F.  KNIGHT,  Clerk,  &c. 


MONTHLY  AVERAGE  NUMBER  OF  PATIENTS  FOR  THE  YEAR. 


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BIRMINGHAM  BOROUGH  LUNATIC  ASYLUM. 


ARTICLES  OF  CLOTHING,  AND  DRAPERY  FURNITURE, 
MADE  AND  REPAIRED  IN  THE  YEAR. 


ARTICLES  MADE. 

Coats  ...  BO 

Jackets  ...  65 

Vests  ...  88 

Troufeers  .  .  .  85 

Frocks  for  Working  Men  14 

Caps  for  Men  .  .  98 

Drawers  for  Men  (pairs)  2 

Braces  (pairs)  .  .  96 

Belts  ...  58 

Quilted  Sheets  .  .  4 

Mattress  Cases  .  .  169 

Boots  (pairs)  .  .  128 

Shoes  (pairs)  .  .  6 

Slippers  (pairs)  .  .  52 

Shirts  .  .  .  309 

Chemises  .  .  .291 

Night  Jackets  .  .  94 

Petticoats  .  ,  .  198 

Flannel  Vests  .  .  38 

Dresses  .  .  .  227 

Aprons  .  .  .  221 

Day  and  Night  Caps  .  398 

Scarfs  ...  24 

Neck  &  Pocket  Handker¬ 
chiefs  .  .  .  504 

Bolster  Cases,  Tick  .  56 

Shrouds  .  .  .  12 

Carpets  .  .  .  68 

Stockings  Knitted  (pairs)  54 
Stockings  re-footed  (pairs)  187 
Shaving  Cloths  .  .  28 

Table  Cloths  .  .  66 

Window  Blinds  .  .  31 

Window  Valances  .  18 

Bed  Furniture  .  .  3 

Sheets  .  .  .265 

Pillow  Cases  .  .  303 

Towels  .  .  .  310 

Cushions  for  Boxes  &  Chairs  1 5 
Dusters  .  .  .590 

Iron  Holders  .  .  60 

Kneelers  for  Scourers  25 


Rubbers  for  Polishing  Floors  27 


ARTICLES  REPAIRED. 

Coats 

Jackets 

Vests 

Trousers 

Boots  .  .) 

Shoes  .  .  •  (pairs 

Slippers 

Sheets 

Blankets 


Bolster  and  Pillow  Cases 

1896 

Counterpanes 

231 

Mattress  Cases  . 

26 

Carpets 

240 

Window  Blinds  . 

75 

Window  Curtains 

17 

Table  Cloths 

402 

Towels 

588 

Shirts 

1450 

Chemises  . 

3073 

Under  Vests 

638 

Petticoats  . 

1509 

Skirts 

1393 

Dresses 

2774 

Drawers  (pairs)  . 

450 

Night  Gowns 

1504 

Caps  .... 

2356 

Aprons 

Neck  and  Pocket  Hand¬ 

1614 

kerchiefs 

1055 

Bonnets 

1202 

Men’s  Frocks 

120 

Men’s  Scarfs 

25 

Men’s  Stockings  (pairs) 

8457 

Women’s  Stockings  (pairs 

)  5468 

Shawls 

120 

Stays 

534 

1030 


(pairs)  945 


1698 

298 


W.  F.  KNIGHT,  Clerk,  &c. 


15 


BIRMINGHAM  BOROUGH  LUNATIC  ASYLUM. 


ARTICLES  OF  CLOTHING  AND  DRAPERY  FURNITURE 
DELIVERED  OUT  OF  STORE  IN  THE  YEAR. 


CLOTHING. 

FURNITURE. 

Aprons 

289 

Blankets  . 

180 

Bonnets 

97 

Sheets 

804 

Boots  (pairs) 

167 

Counterpanes 

48 

Shoes  (pairs) 

15 

Pillow  Cases 

307 

Slippers  (pairs)  . 

66 

Palliasses 

72 

Braces  (pairs) 

90 

Mattresses 

87 

Caps  (Men’s) 

48 

Bolsters 

37 

Caps  (Women’s)  . 

406 

Bed  Sackings 

5 

Chemises  . 

360 

Carpets 

64 

Flannel  Vests 

58 

Mattress  Cases  . 

60 

Gowns 

251 

Cushions  for  Boxes  &  Chairs  15 

Handkerchiefs  and  Scarfs 

402 

Door  Mats 

9 

Jackets  and  Coats 

62 

Sheets  (strong)  . 

7 

Men’s  Frocks 

15 

Macintosh  ditto  . 

12 

Night  Jackets 

118 

Table  Covers 

4 

Petticoats  . 

269 

Tea  Cloths 

66 

Bibbons  .  .  (yds.) 

220 

Table  Cloths 

36 

Shirts 

265 

Window  Blinds  . 

31 

Stays 

47 

Fringe 

(yds.) 

175 

Shawls 

34 

Cheese  Cloths 

8 

Shrouds 

11 

Towels 

189 

Stockings — Men’s  (pairs) 

101 

Feather  Beds 

2 

Stockings — Women’s  (do.)  251 

Feather  Pillows  . 

8 

Trousers  . 

96 

Window  Valances 

25 

Waistcoats  . 

100 

Flannel  Drawers . 

4 

Bead  Nets,  for  the  hair 

72 

Worsted  .  .  (lbs.) 

90 

W.  F.  KNIGHT, 

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28 


BIRMINGHAM  BOROUGH  LUNATIC  ASYLUM. 


DAILY  AVERAGE  NUMBER  AND  COST  OF  PATIENTS 

FOR  EACH  QUARTER ; 

ALSO  AVERAGE  COST  AND  NUMBER  OF  PATIENTS  FOR  THE  YEAR. 


Daily  Average  Number  of  Patients  for  the  Quarter  ending  March  31  .  350 

Charge  per  Week  for  the  same:  Paupers  8/6,  11/.  &  11/6;  Private  8/6  &  12/6 
Cost  per  Week  per  Patient  for  the  same  period  .....  7/8f 


Daily  Average  Number  of  Patients  for  the  Quarter  ending  June  30  .  362 

Charge  per  Week  for  the  same :  Paupers  8/6,  11.  &  11/6 ;  Private  8/6  &  12/6 
Cost  per  Week  per  Patient  for  the  same  period  .....  8/2f 


Daily  Average  Number  of  Patients  for  the  Quarter  ending  Sept.  30  .  359 

Charge  per  Week  for  the  same :  Paupers  8/6,  11/.  &  11/6 ;  Private  8/6  &  12/6 
Cost  per  Week  per  Patient  for  the  same  period  .....  8/Of 


Daily  Average  Number  of  Patients  for  the  Quarter  ending  Dec.  31  .  369 

Charge  per  Week  for  the  same :  Paupers  8/6,  11/.  &  11/6 ;  Private  8/6  &  12/6 
Cost  per  Week  per  Patient  for  the  same  period  .....  8/10f 

Total  Number  of  Patients  under  treatment  in  the  Year  .  .  .  486 

Daily  Average  Number  of  Patients  resident . .  360 

Average  Weekly  Cost  per  Patient  for  the  Year  .....  8/2f 


SUMMARY  OF  THE  COST  PER  PATIENT  PER  WEEK 

FOR  THE  YEAR. 

s.  d. 

Provisions  (including  that  of  Officers,  Attendants  and  Servants)  .  .  4  4f 

Medicine,  Wine,  Spirits,  and  Porter  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  0  Of 

Necessaries  (as  Soap,  Coal,  Gas,  Brushes,  &c.)  ..  .  .  .  .0  lOf 

Clothing  and  Repairs  of  same  (including  Shoemaker’s  &  Tailor’s  Wages)  0  6l 
Salaries  of  Officers,  Attendants,  and  Servants  .  .  .  .  .  1  5| 

Cabinet,  Earthenware,  Ironmongery,  and  Drapery  Furniture  .  .  0  4| 

Building,  and  Repairs  of  same,  with  Wages  of  Engineer,  Carpenter, 

Painter,  Mason,  &c. ;  also  Taxes  and  Insurance,  Bank  Charges,  &c.  0  75- 

Total  per  Week  .  .  8  2f 

Less  for  Goods  sold  from  the  House,  and  Profit  on  Farm  and  Garden  .  0  3f 

Actual  Cost  per  Patient  per  Week  for  the  Year . 7  111 


W.  F.  KNIGHT,  Clerk,  &c. 


24 


BIRMINGHAM  BOROUGH 


INCOME  AND  EXPENDITURE,  FROM 
income. 


Heads  of  Income. 


To  Parishes  and  Unions,' 
for  Maintenance,  Clothing, 
Medicine,  care  of  Lunatics, 
and  Funeral  Expenses 


March  31. 


£  s.  d. 


1857  7  2 


To  Private  Patients,  for  \ 
Maintenance,  Medicines,  j- 
and  Attendance  .  .  J 


102  14  0 


To  Sundries  Sold  from  the 
House,  and  ditto  supplied 
to  the  Farm  . 


To  Receipts  from  the  Farm") 
and  Garden  .  .  .  J 


14  18  11 


1974  15  1 


June  30. 


£  S.  d. 


September  30. 


£  S.  d. 


1955  11  81952  5  0 


89  9  1 


94  5  2 


12  0  5 


2057  1  2 


22  0  3 


2068  10  5 


December  31.! 


£  S.  d. 


Total. 


£  S.  d. 


2001  19  1 


93  18  10 


14  14  2 


7767  2  11 


2110  12  1 


380  7  1 


63  8  9 


2638  12  0 


10,849  10  9 


25 


AJNATIC  ASYLUM. 


ANUARY  1st  TO  DECEMBER,  1861. 

ISipeii&iture. 


Heads  of  Expenditure. 


Provisions. 

y  Meat  .... 

,  Flour  .... 

,  Tea,  Coffee,  and  Chicory 
»  Sugar  .... 

,  Ale  and  Beer  . 

,  Wine,  Spirits,  and  Porter 
Fish,  Poultry,  and  Game 
Potatoes  &  other  Vegetable 
Peas,  Arrowroot,  Rice, 
Sago,  Patent  Corn  Flour, 
Spices,  &c.  . 

Currants,  Raisins,  & 

Milk  and  Eggs 
Butter  and  Cheese  . 
Vinegar,  Pepper,  Sal 
Mustard 
Tobacco,  Snuff,  and  Pipes 
Drugs  .... 
Necessaries. 

Coal  .... 
Gas  .... 

Firewood,  Candles,  and 
Matches 

Soap,  Soda,  Starch,  &  Blu 
House  Brushes,  &  Scour¬ 
ing  Flannel 

Hair  Brushes  and  Combs 
Books,  Printing,  Postage, 
and  Stationery  . 

*  Bath  Bricks,  Blacking, 
Black  Lead,  &  Chimney 
Sweeping  . 

■Sundries 
Clothing. 

■Salaries  &  Wages  charge- 


r} 


able  to  Patients 
Cabinet,  Hardware,  Dra-* 
pery,  and  Ironmongery 
Furniture  . 

i  Building,  Repairs  of 
Building,  Wages,  and 
Materials 

[Taxes,  Insurance,  and 
Bank  Charges 
Advances  to  Private  j.  a0icm; 
funeral  Expenses  . 

?arm  and  Garden,  see  a/c 
Balance  in  favour  of  j 
Asylum  for  the  year  .  / 


!} 


March  31. 

June  30. 

September  30 

.  December  31. 

£ 

s. 

d 

.  £ 

s. 

d 

.  £ 

s. 

d 

.  £ 

s. 

d. 

292 

2 

1( 

3  348 

10 

i 

3  355 

10 

r 

)  414 

8 

7 

237 

13 

1  252 

12 

l 

1  215 

1 

P 

r  236 

10 

6 

37 

15 

i: 

L  42 

18 

] 

L  41 

18 

A 

t  38 

16 

4 

30 

0 

t 

3  28 

10 

] 

29 

19 

£ 

26 

13 

2 

90 

2 

] 

L  94 

7 

1] 

96 

5 

1 

104 

0 

6 

4 

12 

i 

t  1 

1 

A 

1  1 

14 

6 

4 

9 

6 

7 

8 

c 

)  11 

13 

1 

9 

12 

7 

4 

2 

4 

es  68 

'I 

1 

( 

S  75 

5 

£ 

100 

17 

g 

91 

0 

0 

(  10 

16 

£ 

10 

0 

a 

3 

3 

11 

3 

5 

0 

6 

3 

2 

4 

14 

9 

4 

19 

10 

13 

0 

11 

26 

1 

9 

29 

9 

0 

28 

0 

0 

28 

14 

1 

112 

0 

11 

127 

4 

10 

115 

15 

9 

119 

7 

10 

}  2 

7 

2 

3 

6 

5 

2 

8 

5 

3 

17 

5 

5 

9 

7 

7 

1 

1 

8 

5 

3 

7 

5 

8 

8 

16 

10 

10 

11 

8 

9 

18 

5 

11 

15 

10 

124 

2 

9 

91 

9 

2 

111 

12 

1 

134 

11 

0 

47 

17 

0 

11 

11 

2 

14 

9 

3 

52 

10 

6 

}  6 

13 

1 

5 

8 

2 

6 

13 

0 

5 

13 

6 

3  18 

14 

7 

18 

7 

5 

19 

8 

5 

17 

18 

5 

16 

19 

6 

13 

18 

5 

12 

15 

8 

15 

0 

0 

0 

8 

6 

0 

8 

9 

0 

13 

9 

0 

7 

6 

13 

12 

5 

18 

4 

10 

13 

1 

1 

9 

17 

9 

1 

13 

7 

2 

12 

11 

0 

13 

6 

1 

13 

9 

3 

11 

9 

10 

7 

4 

12 

16 

6 

8 

19 

4 

105 

7 

5 

121 

18 

5 

120 

9 

1 

147 

9 

6 

324 

7 

0 

326 

0 

1 

335 

3 

L0 

349 

1 

1 

57 

8 

1 

89 

16 

2 

69 

9 

7 

110 

9 

6 

83 

2  11 

144 

0  11 

91  16 

4 

151  17 

7 

* 

• 

29 

5  10 

37  13 

4 

19  17 

6 

• 

0 

8 

4 

0 

0 

6 

1 

6 

4 

4 

2 

6 

2 

• 

• 

1 

• 

• 

6 

1 

5 

0 

4  10 

•  • 

•  • 

6 

1747  14 

11 

933 

6 

01 

871  12 

22 

138  11 

5  10 

Total. 


£  s.  ct. 
1410  11  11 
941  18  0 
161  8  8 
115  8  7 
384  15  7 
11  17  8 
82  16  9 
335  4  4 

27  5  5 

28  18  8 
112  4  10 
474  9  4 

11  19  5 

28  1  7 
41  2  9 

461  15  0 
126  7  11 

24  7  9 

74  8  10 

58  13  7 

1  18  6 

54  16  1 

6  13  9 

35  14  11 
495  4  5 

1334  12  0 


470  17  9 


86  16  8 


1  15 
11  19 


2 

6 

4 


709  12  9 


10,849  10  9 


W.  F.  KNIGHT,  Clerk,  &c. 


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27 


BIRMINGHAM  BOROUGH  LUNATIC  ASYLUM. 


MEDICAL  SUPERINTENDENT’S  REPORT. 


In  this  my  eleventh  Annual  Report  I  am  again  able  to  speak 
satisfactorily  of  the  condition  of  the  Asylum  during  the  year  which 

a 

has  just  expired.  The  general  health  of  the  inmates  has  been 
uninteruptedly  good,  and  they  have  enjoyed  a  singular  immunity 
from  accidents,  as  well  as  from  epidemic  disease  ;  though  much 
annoyance  was  temporarily  occasioned  by  the  admission  of  a  patient 
suffering  from  an  inveterate  form  of  itch,  which  spread  to  other 
patients  and  caused  much  trouble  for  a  time. 

Another  circumstance  in  the  history  of  the  year — in  this  Asylum 
an  extraordinary  one,  and  therefore  not  to  be  passed  over  in  silence — 
was  the  use  of  mechanical  restraint,  which  was  resorted  to  on  two 
occasions,  and  which  had  never  before  been  used,  except  once  in  a 
bad  surgical  case  nearly  seven  years  ago.  The  first  patient  to  whom 
it  was  applied  was  a  young  Irishwoman  of  unusual  strength  and 
determination,  who  was  resolved  upon  inflicting  some  bodily  injury 
upon  herself— to  gouge,  strangle,  or  choke  herself— and  made  such 
efforts  to  do  so,  that  it  took  the  united  strength  of  four  nurses  to 
hold  her.  At  the  end  of  two  hours,  finding  no  abatement  in  her 
fury,  nor  any  diminution  in  her  strength,  and  the  services  of  the 
nurses  being  required  elsewhere,  I  placed  around  her  waist  a  leathern 
belt,  to  which  the  wrists  were  secured  by  padded  straps.  The  effect 
of  this  was,  that  finding  resistance  useless  she  instantly  became 
tranquil,  and  never  afterwards  gave  us  a  moment’s  trouble.  The 
restraint  was  continued  between  two  and  three  hours. 


28 


The  other  was  a  patient  who  was  admitted  with  a  large  wound 
in  her  throat,  made  just  before  she  came,  which,  after  it  had  united, 
she  tore  open.  The  restraint  in  this  case  was  continued  for  one 
night  only. 

The  admissions  during  the  year  were  142,  just  the  average  of 
the  previous  ten  years,  but  14  more  than  in  1860.  Twenty-five 
were  re-admissions,  after  absences  ranging  from  three  months  to  ten 
years  ;  but  one  patient,  who  was  taken  away  by  his  friends  contrary 
to  my  advice,  was  brought  back  at  the  end  of  ten  days.  The  average 
daily  number  of  patients  in  the  House  was  860,  the  lowest  number 
842,  the  highest  877. 

There  were  45  recoveries,  being  31  per  cent,  upon  the  year’s 
admissions,  the  same  as  1860.  The  average  of  the  previous  ten 
years  was  41  per  cent. 

The  rate  of  mortality  was  lower  than  in  any  former  year.  The 
number  of  deaths  was  30,  which  is  20  per  cent,  upon  the  year’s 
admissions,  but  only  6  per  cent,  upon  the  total  number  under 
treatment.  It  will  be  seen  by  Table  XI.  that  one-third  of  the 
deaths  arose  from  general  paralysis,  and  nine,  nearly  another  third, 
from  other  forms  of  cerebral  disease ;  seven  were  from  pulmonary 
affections. 

In  two  cases  of  sudden  death  inquests  were  held  :  the  verdict  in 
each  case  was  “  Died  by  the  visitation  of  God.” 

Having  regard  to  the  bodily  condition  of  the  patients  recently 
admitted,  among  others  three  helplessly  bedridden  patients  admitted 
at  the  same  time,  and  also  to  the  great  number  of  paralytics  whose 
cases  are  fast  verging  towards  their  inevitable  termination,  it  is  to  be 
expected  that  the  mortality  during  the  present  quarter  will  be  far 
beyond  the  average. 

Owing  to  the  exposed  state  of  the  premises  during  the  progress 
of  the  new  buildings,  an  unusual  number  of  patients  have  been 
tempted  to  escape,  and  six  of  the  absconders  (five  men  and  one 
woman)  were  not  again  heard  of  in  time  to  be  reinstated  as  patients. 


29 


All  the  others  were  either  fetched  back  or  returned  voluntarily,  after 
short  absences,  except  one  who  returned  on  the  fourteenth  day. 

A  few  years  ago  an  article  appeared  in  a  medical  periodical  con¬ 
demnatory  of  the  practice  pursued  in  this  and  many  other  Asylums 
with  regard  to  the  uncleanly  patients.  As  it  was  written  by  one  of 
our  most  distinguished  Medical  Superintendents,  I  felt  that  the 
opinions  therein  enunciated  were  entitled  to  the  gravest  considera¬ 
tion,  and,  therefore,  instituted  the  following  experiment  in  order 
to  satisfy  my  own  mind  upon  the  subject.  I  directed  the  night 
attendant,  for  a  time  on  alternate  weeks,  not  to  interfere  at  all  with 
that  class  of  patients,  and  carefully  noted  the  result,  which,  though 
I  have  mislaid  the  memoranda  made  at  the  time,  I  well  recollect 
did  not  in  any  way  bear  out  the  views  of  the  author  of  the  paper 
alluded  to. 

Lately  my  attention  having  again  been  called  to  the  subject,  and 
wishing  for  exact  data  to  replace  those  mislaid  or  lost,  I  repeated  the 
trial  for  a  single  week.  The  result,  then,  was  as  follows.  On  the 
male  side,  during  the  trial  week,  there  were  75  wet  beds  and  two 
dirty,  against  an  average  of  88  wet  and  not  one  dirty  during  the 
previous  three  weeks.  One  the  female  side,  setting  aside  one  ex¬ 
ceptional  case,  the  trial  week  produced  82  wet  and  18  dirty,  the 
average  previously  having  been  12  wet  and  only  one  dirty  in  three 
weeks.  This  statement  fully  disposes  of  one  of  the  two  objections 
made  to  our  practice,  viz.,  that  it  does  not  materially  lessen  the 
amount  of  uncleanness.  The  other  objection  is,  that  to  disturb 
persons  from  their  sleep  by  taking  them  out  of  their  bed  two  or  three 
times  every  night,  must  have  an  injurious  effect  upon  their  general 
condition, — an  objection  plausible  enough  in  theory,  but  not  borne 
out  by  experience.  Long  and  close  observation  has  convinced  me 
that  the  patients  do  not  suffer  in  any  way  by  being  taken  out  of  bed, 
for  in  a  few  minutes  all  are  again  as  fast  asleep  as  though  they  had 
not  been  disturbed,  a  few  are  scarcely  awakened  by  it,  and  it  is 
worthy  of  notice  that  some  from  habit  got  out  of  themselves,  thus 
lessening  the  number  of  wet  beds  which  would  otherwise  have 


30 


occurred.  Were  the  practice  to  be  discontinued,  one  of  two  things 
must  happen,  either  many  more  of  the  patients  would  often  have  to 
pass  a  great  part  of  the  night  in  wet  beds,  or  they  would  be  kept 
shivering  in  the  cold  while  the  clothes  were  being  changed.  It  is 
hardly  necessary  to  say  that  the  practice  is  limited  to  chronic  cases ; 
for  in  recent  and  acute  attacks  unbroken  sleep  is  of  too  great  impor¬ 
tance  to  admit  of  such  interference. 

The  ornamentation  of  the  wards  is  proceeding  as  rapidly  as  the 
means  at  our  command  admit  of ;  whitewash  is  giving  way  to  paper 
and  paint,  and  benches  to  chairs,  tables,  couches,  book- cases,  cur- 
tains,  pictures  and  other  ornaments  are  being  gradually  introduced 
into  the  different  apartments.  When  the  whole  is  completed,  which, 
however,  must  be  a  work  of  time,  the  interior  of  the  Asylum  will 
have  as  much  the  appearance  of  an  ordinary  dwelling-house  as  so 
large  a  place  can  be  made  to  assume. 

It  has  been  remarked  that  the  style  in  which  these  things  are 
being  done  is  too  good  for  the  class  of  persons  (Paupers)  for  whose 
reception  the  building  was  erected,  and  calculated  to  make  them 
dissatisfied  with  their  own  homes.  To  this  it  may  be  replied,  that 
the  character  of  the  furniture,  &c.,  is  not  superior  to  what  is  fre¬ 
quently  met  with  in  the  houses  of  that  class  of  artizans  from  which 
many  of  our  patients  are  drawn  ;  some  it  is  true  come  from  a  lower 
station,  but  not  a  few  also  from  a  higher.  It  must  be  borne  in  mind 
that  a  large  proportion  of  the  inmates  of  this  Asylum,  I  think  fully 
one-half,  are  persons  whose  pauperism  is  solely  the  consequence  of 
their  mental  malady,  and  who  would  not  have  been  reduced  to  that 
condition  by  any  other  cause.  It  appears  to  me  that  such  persons 
no  more  deserve  to  be  called  paupers  than  do  the  inmates  of  any 
large  Hospital,  both  being  equally,  and  for  similar  reasons,  the 
recipients  of  public  bounty.  But  the  question  must  be  looked  at 
from  another  point  of  view  :  What  effect  does  all  this  elaborate  pre¬ 
paration  have  upon  the  minds  of  patients  ?  Does  it  make  them 
more  contented,  more  tranquil  ?  Especially  does  it  tend  in  any  way 
to  promote  their  recovery  ? — a  consideration  paramount  to  all  others. 


81 


That  a  well-ordered,  well-furnished  house  has  a  tranquillizing  effect, 
and  thereby  a  curative  influence  upon  the  minds  of  insane  persons, 
is  seen  in  the  fact  that  in  such  a  house  there  is  less  destruction  of 
property  than  in  one  meagrely  furnished.  I  say  this,  not  from  any 
preconceived  notions  upon  the  subject,  for  they  were  just  the  con¬ 
trary  ;  but  from  a  conviction  which  has  been  gradually  forced  upon 
me  by  the  experience  of  the  last  ten  years. 

Our  Library  is  the  only  valuable  property  which  has  suffered  any 
material  injury ;  not,  however,  from  wanton  mischief,  so  much  as 
from  the  wear  and  tear  of  ordinary  use.  From  this  cause,  conjoined 
with  our  increasing  numbers,  and  the  proposed  subdivision  of  the 
Library  into  sections  in  order  to  provide  each  gallery  with  a  Library 
of  its  own  which  will  be  always  accessible  to  the  patients,  our 
present  stock  of  books  has  become  altogether  insufficient  for  our 
wants  ;  I  therefore  unhesitatingly  appeal  to  the  liberality  of  generous 
and  sympathizing  friends  for  contributions  of  surplus  books  from 
their  private  collections  towards  supplying  our  deficiencies. 

THOMAS  GREEN, 

Medical  Superintendent. 

January  10th,  1862. 


82 


MEDICAL  STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


TABLE  I. 

SUMMARY  OF  ADMISSIONS,  DISCHARGES,  AND 
DEATHS  DURING  THE  YEAR  1861. 

Private.  Pauper. 


M. 

F. 

M. 

F. 

M. 

F. 

Total. 

Patients  in  the  House,  ) 
January  1,  1861  .  .  J 

7 

8 

154 

175 

161 

188 

844 

Admitted  during  that  year 

1 

0 

67 

74 

68 

74 

142 

8 

8 

221 

249 

229 

257 

486 

Discharged  Recovered  . 

0 

0 

21 

24^ 

,,  Improved  .  . 

,,  Unimproved .  . 

0 

0 

1 

1 

7 

6 

4 

16 

-  55 

55 

110 

,,  by  Death  .  . 

1 

0 

20 

9J 

Remain,  1st  January,  1862 

7 

6 

167 

196 

174 

202 

876 

Average  Daily  Number,  Males  169,  Females  191. 


Highest  number  877,  lowest  342. 


TABLE  II. 

TOTAL  ADMISSIONS,  DEATHS,  AND  DISCHARGES. 


88 


o 

d 

0> 

CO 

ri 

Total. 

57 

19 

14 

12 

14 

Gd 

Gd 

14 

29 

35 

32 

41 

87 

376 

,in  from 
Year’s 
Imissioi 

Ph 

29 

CP 

00 

xq 

12 

14 

10 

CO 

tH 

20 

16 

o 

GSJ 

46 

202 

CO 

- ! 

174 

a 

<D 

Ph 

28 

10 

CD 

Gd 

GO 

rH 

16 

15 

16 

21 

41 

CO 

& 

CO 

CD 

t£ 

?H 

C3 

rd 

Q 

CO 

Total 

XQ 

Gd 

95 

127 

145 

151 

112 

117 

118 

141 

150 

107 

110 

4898 

tal  Dea 
and 

Ph 

CD 

47 

65 

66 

75 

51 

44 

48 

62 

t 

!  76 

48 

XQ 

IQ 

638 

o 

EH 

fl 

19 

00 

rH 

62 

79 

76 

61 

73 

75 

79 

74 

59 

XO 

xo 

760 

<d 

Total. 

XQ 

10 

CP 

CM 

18 

CM 

CM 

14 

18 

10 

14 

83 

22 

28 

218 

s> 

Ph 

a 

Ph 

1 

XQ 

14 

CD 

11 

rH 

CO 

xo 

16 

00 

!  17 

96  i 

P 

P 

S 

XQ 

xq 

15 

12 

11 

tH 

14 

C- 

OP 

17 

14 

CD 

Gd 

Gd 

t=H 

pq 

13 

■4-3 

o 

Cj 

tH 

CD 

15 

16 

II 

11 

11  | 

12 

o 

tH 

rH 

12 

116 

C£3 

Ph 

<1 

w 

o 

<D 

O 

Ph 

a 

M 

Ph 

1 

rH 

CO 

CP 

CD 

rH 

1 

ID 

CD 

Gd 

XQ 

rH 

lO 

VI 

M 

P 

rH 

Gd 

GO 

rH 

tr 

XQ 

L- 

11  | 

rH 

CM 

s> 

65 

Tl 

Total. 

cp 

48 

46 

73 

67 

59 

l>- 

xq 

57 

79 

69 

O 

rH 

45 

649 

CD 

CD 

> 

O 

o 

0) 

Ph 

CO 

27 

8! 

42 

87 

28 

24 

00 

Gd 

35 

41 

20 

rH 

Gd 

340 

Ph 

CD 

21 

15 

31 

o 

CO 

81 

CO 

CO 

OP 

CM 

44 

28 

20 

rH 

Gd 

809 

Total. 

10 

rH 

CO 

87 

47 

46 

28 

81 

40 

36 

GO 

GO 

41 

30 

415 

Deaths. 

Ph 

CO 

ii  ! 

13 

15 

18 

10 

!  12 

|  12 

17 

18 

18 

OP 

151 

S' 

[> 

o 

Gd 

rH 

Gd 

82 

28 

18 

61 

00 

Gd 

61 

ID 

CM 

23 

21 

264 

CO 

Total. 

207 

176 

120 

174 

141 

122 

126 

154 

166 

118 

1 128 

142 

11774 

.O 

*co 

CO 
•  H 

3 

PH 

95 

87 

62 

87  ! 

70 

99 

CO 

rH 

CD 

XQ 

74 

09 

19 

74 

840 

< 

112 

89 

00 

xo 

87 

71 

56 

78 

98 

92 

GO 

IQ 

67 

68 

- i 

rH 

CO 

CP 

' 

1850 

1851 

1 

1852 

1  1853 

j  1854 

I  1855 

i 

1856 

1857 

1858 

1859 

I860 

rH 

CO 

CO 

rH 

84 


TABLE  III. 

Showing  how  the  Patients  remaining  on  the  1st  of  January,  1861, 
from  each  Year’s  Admissions,  have  been  disposed  of  during  that  year. 


Number  of  Patients  remaining 
from  the  Admissions  of 

• 

Cured. 

Improved. 

Unim¬ 

proved. 

Died. 

Remain. 

1850 

•  • 

62 

ft  • 

1 

4 

57 

1851 

•  • 

22 

•  • 

1 

2 

19 

1852 

•  • 

17 

•  • 

3 

•  • 

14 

1858 

•  « 

12 

•  • 

•  • 

•  • 

12 

1854 

•  • 

15 

•  • 

1 

•  • 

14 

1855 

*  • 

22 

•  ft 

•  • 

•  • 

22 

1856 

€.  • 

14 

•  • 

•  • 

•  • 

14 

1857 

•  ft 

31 

1 

•  • 

1 

29 

1858 

•  ft 

40 

2 

2 

1 

35 

1859 

•  ft 

41 

1 

5 

2 

1 

32 

1860 

ft  ft 

68 

14 

2 

7 

4 

41 

844 

18 

7 

17 

13 

289 

TABLE  IY. 


STATE  OF  PATIENTS  IN  THE  ASYLUM  ON  THE 
1st  OF  JANUARY,  1862. 


M. 

F. 

Total. 

{  Onrahlfi  .  20 

49 

69 

As  to  probability  of  Recovery  7 

(  Incurable  .  154 

153 

307 

376 

/  Married 

.  .  .  61 

76 

137 

Social  State  <  Single 

.  101 

102 

203 

(  Widowed 

.  12 

24 

36 

376 

Epileptics  . 

.  .  .  38 

37 

75 

Paralytics  . 

.  21 

6 

27 

Congenital  Imbeciles  . 

.  13 

4 

17 

Criminal  Lunatics 

.  4 

10 

14 

35 


TABLE  Y. 


FORM  OF  DISORDER  IN  THE  142  CASES  ADMITTED 


Mania 

IN  1861. 

•  •  o' 

M. 

.  39 

F. 

51 

Total. 

90 

Ditto  with  Paralysis 

.  13 

1 

14 

Ditto  with  Epilepsy 

8 

7 

10 

Melancholia 

3 

9 

12 

Dementia 

3 

3 

6 

Ditto  with  Paralysis 

3 

1 

4 

Ditto  with  Epilepsy 

1 

1 

2 

Imbecility  and  Epilepsy 

8 

1 

4 

TABLE  VI. 

68 

74 

142 

DURATION  OF  DISORDER  AT  THE  TIME  OF 

ADMISSION. 


M. 

F. 

Total. 

Not  exceeding  One  Month 

.  27 

31 

58 

,,  „  Three  Months 

9 

11 

20 

„  „  Six  Months 

.  13 

14 

27 

,,  ,,  Twelve  Months 

4 

7 

11 

„  ,,  Two  Years 

6 

7 

13 

Above  Two  Years 

9 

4 

13 

68 

74 

142 

Cases  of  more  than  One  attack 

» 

.  16 

17  * 

83 

TABLE 

VII. 

AGES  OF  THE  142  PATIENTS  ON  ADMISSION. 

M. 

F. 

Total. 

From  15  to  20 

6 

5 

11 

,,  20  ,,  25 

3 

10 

13 

„  25  „  30  . 

8 

9 

17 

,,  30  „  35 

.  10 

5 

15 

„  35  „  40  . 

.  12 

10 

22 

„  40  „  45  . 

6 

9 

15 

„  45  „  50  . 

.  10 

9 

19 

„  50  ,,  55 

.  •  .  6 

3 

9 

„  55  „  60  . 

1 

5 

6 

,,  60  „  65 

4 

2 

6 

Above  70  . 

• 

2 

7 

9 

68  74 


142 


38 


TABLE  Yin. 


CIVIL  AND  BELIGIOUS  CONDITION. 

M. 

F. 

Total. 

[Married 

• 

.  85 

35 

70 

Social  State  • 

Single 

• 

.  27 

28 

55 

^Widowed 

• 

6 

11 

17 

68 

74 

142 

Of  Fair  Education 

* 

.  .  .  2 

2 

4 

Able  to  Bead  and  Write 

• 

46 

44 

90 

Able  to  Bead  only 

• 

.  .  .  3 

10 

13 

Uneducated 

•  • 

» 

.  17 

18 

35 

68 

74 

142 

Established  Church 

« 

.  57 

51 

108 

Protestant  Dissenters  . 

• 

5 

13 

18 

Boman  Catholic 

• 

6 

10 

16 

68 

74 

142 

TABLE  IX. 


ASSIGNED  CAUSES 

OF  DISOBDEB. 

M. 

F. 

Total, 

Family  and  other  Troubles  . 

.  11 

12 

23 

Death  of  Belatives 

2 

1 

3 

Imprisonment  .... 

0 

2 

2 

Beligion  ..... 

0 

2 

2 

Climacteric  Change 

0 

1 

1 

Over  Work  .... 

1 

0 

1 

Drinking  . 

.  14 

3 

17 

Paralysis  ..... 

1 

1 

2 

Epilepsy  ..... 

4 

5 

9 

Injury  to  Head  .... 

2 

0 

2 

Puerperal  ..... 

0 

4 

4 

Hereditary,  no  other  Cause  stated  . 

4 

4 

8 

Unassigned  .... 

.  29 

39 

68 

68 

74 

142 

Hereditary  tendency  ascertained  in 

6 

8 

14 

TABLE  X. 


PREVIOUS  OCCUPATION  OF  PATIENTS 
ADMITTED  IN  1861. 


Mechanics  . 

M. 

26 

F. 

5 

Total. 

81 

Printer 

M. 

1 

F. 

0 

rota!. 

1 

Wives  of  ditto 

0 

27 

27 

Baker 

1 

0 

1 

Wife  of  a  Surgeon 

0 

1 

1 

Servants 

3 

12 

15 

Shopkeepers 

8 

1 

4 

Scripture  Reader . 

1 

0 

1 

Maltster 

1 

0 

1 

Cab  Driver 

1 

0 

1 

Gardeners  . 

2 

0 

2 

Needle  Workers  . 

0 

11 

11 

Labourers  . 

7 

0 

7 

Laundresses 

0 

2 

2 

Clerks 

6 

0 

6 

Vocalist 

0 

1 

1 

Carpenters 

8 

0 

3 

Brothel  Keeper  . 

0 

■  1 

1 

Shoemakers 

4 

0 

4 

Prostitute  . 

0 

1 

1 

Tailors 

2 

0 

2 

Governess  . 

0 

1 

1 

Horse  Dealer 

1 

0 

1 

Bottle  Washer 

0 

1 

1 

Coal  Dealer 

1 

0 

1 

Rag  Gatherer 

0 

1 

1 

Publicans  . 

1 

1 

2 

No  Employment  . 

3 

8 

11 

Brewer 

1 

0 

1 

68 

74 

142 

TABLE  XI. 

CAUSES  OF  DEATH  IN  THE  80  FATAL  CASES. 


General  Paralysis  ending  by  exhaustion 

M. 

5 

F. 

1 

Total. 

6 

„  „  ,,  coma 

1 

0 

1 

„  „  „  convulsion 

2 

0 

2 

„  ,,  and  phthisis  .... 

1 

0 

1 

Softening  of  brain  ...... 

2 

0 

2 

Apoplexy  ....... 

0 

2 

2 

Maniacal  exhaustion  ..... 

1 

2 

3 

Epileptic  ditto  ...... 

1 

0 

-i 

X 

Meningitis  ....... 

0 

1 

1 

Pulmonary  congestion  ..... 

1 

1 

2 

„  „  and  nephritis  . 

1 

0 

1 

Phthisis ........ 

1 

1 

2 

Pneumonia  ....... 

2 

0 

2 

Syncopal  asphyxia  ...... 

1 

0 

1 

Albuminuria  ....... 

1 

0 

1 

Diarrhoea  ....... 

0 

1 

1 

Old  age  ....... 

1 

0 

1 

21 

Average  age  at  death :  Males  49,  Females  51 

9 

30 

88 


BIRMINGHAM  BOROUGH  LUNATIC  ASYLUM. 

CHAPLAIN’S  REPORT. 

TO  THE  COMMITTEE  OF  VISITORS  OF  THE  BOROUG-H 
LUNATIC  ASYLUM,  BIRMINGHAM. 

Gentlemen, 

In  presenting  my  fourth  annual  report  as  Chaplain  to  your 
excellent  Institution,  I  have  great  pleasure  in  stating  that  the  affairs 
of  the  Asylum  have  been  conducted  upon  the  same  uniformly  excel¬ 
lent  rules  and  regulations  which  have  in  former  years  characterized 
the  Institution. 

In  the  discharge  of  my  ministerial  duties,  I  have  with  sincere 
thankfulness  to  report  that  during  the  past  year  I  have  continued  to 
receive  the  warm  support  and  co-operation  of  the  superior  Officers, 
and  the  respectful  regard  of  the  Attendants,  in  carrying  out  my  plans 
for  the  moral  and  spiritual  welfare  of  those  committed  to  my  care 
and  oversight. 

The  order  of  Divine  Service  in  the  Chapel,  and  the  private 
ministrations  in  other  parts  of  the  Institution,  have  been  of  a  similar 
character  to  those  pursued  by  me  in  former  years,  and  may  be  thus 
particularized  : — 

On  Sunday  the  service  consists  of  the  Morning  Prayer  to  the 
end  of  the  Litany,  the  singing  of  a  Hymn,  and  the  preaching  of  a 
Sermon  adapted  as  far  as  possible  to  the  capacities  and  requirements 
of  my  congregation. 

On  Wednesday  morning  at  half-past  eight,  a  service  is  held  in 
the  Chapel,  consisting  of  the  Litany,  the  singing  of  a  Hymn,  and 
the  delivery  of  an  expository  Bible  Lecture,  a  mode  of  instruction 


89 


which  experience  during  the  past  four  years  has,  in  an  especial 
manner,  commended  itself  to  my  judgment,  as  not  only  interesting 
in  its  character,  hut  calculated  to  engage  the  attention  and  stimulate 
the  minds  of  the  hearers  to  healthy  action  and  mental  vigour. 

On  Thursday  morning  at  half-past  eight,  I  read  Prayers  in  the 
Chapel,  afterward  visit  the  Courts  and  Galleries  of  the  Institution 
for  the  purpose  of  conversation  and  religious  instruction  and  conso¬ 
lation  to  the  various  portions  of  my  charge.  I  am  happy  to  report 
that  the  instruction  given  is  warmly  appreciated  and  affectionately 
received  by  the  inmates. 

The  Sacrament  of  the  Lord’s  Supper  has,  with  one  exception, 
been  regularly  and  duly  administered  during  the  year.  The  omission 
alluded  to  was  necessitated  by  the  closing  of  the  Chapel  for  altera¬ 
tions  and  enlargement,  and  the  great  inconvenience  of  administering 
it  in  the  Hall,  which,  in  the  interim,  had  been  used  for  Divine 
worship. 

In  consequence  of  the  Hall  being  required  for  religious  services, 
the  usual  Monday  evening  amusements  and  recreations  were  post¬ 
poned  until  Christmas ;  but  in  order  in  some  measure  to  supply  a 
source  of  entertainment  to  the  inmates,  your  Chaplain  delivered  a 
series  of  popular  Lectures  on  the  following  subjects  :  the  first  being 
“  Biographical  Sketches  of  some  of  the  more  Distinguished  Men 
of  Modern  Times  the  second  on  “  Robert  Bloomfield  and  his 
Poetry;”  the  concluding  lecture  was  upon  “  The  Life  and  Poetry 
of  Cowper.”  The  whole  of  the  lectures,  I  am  happy  to  report,  were 
listened  to  with  much  interest  and  attention  by  large  audiences. 

i 

It  is  with  much  satisfaction  that  I  report  upon  the  success  which 
has  attended  the  enlargement  and  alterations  of  the  Chapel,  just 
completed,  whereby  a  large  amount  of  additional  accommodation 
has  been  provided  for  the  use  of  the  inmates. 

I  consider  the  Chapel  in  consequence  of  its  recent  alterations  to 
be  admirably  adapted  for  Divine  worship,  in  every  particular,  and 
for  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  both  minister  and  people,  the 


40 


recently  erected  Gallery  being  excellently  arranged  both  for  seeing 
and  hearing. 

I  have  also  pleasure  in  mentioning  that  the  Library  for  the  use 
of  the  Asylum,  consisting  of  a  large  number  of  valuable  and  instruc¬ 
tive  volumes,  continues  to  form  an  important  auxiliary  to  the  other 
means  employed  for  the  moral  and  spiritual  welfare  of  the  afflicted 
inmates. 


I  have  found  from  long  experience  that  the  distribution  of  reli¬ 
gious  tracts  has  proved  to  be  a  ready  and  excellent  means  of  doing 
good,  they  are  eagerly  sought,  and  for  the  greater  part  carefully  read 
by  the  patients  ;  and  I  may  mention,  that  they  are  the  more  valued 
by  them,  from  the  fact  that  they  are  given  to  them  and  not  merely 
lent.  As  an  instance  of  the  value  set  upon  the  tracts  by  the  inmates, 
after  having  diligently  perused  them,  they  carefully  lay  them  aside 
for  presentation  to  their  relatives  and  friends,  who  from  time  to  time 
visit  them  ;  and  thus  an  affectionate  feeling  is  cherished  toward 
their  friends  outside,  which,  if  it  does  not  largely  contribute  toward 
the  recovery  of  the  patients,  certainly  will  not  fail  to  enhance  their 
happiness  and  promote  their  comfort  during  their  seclusion. 

After  a  careful  review  of  the  events  and  duties  of  the  past  year 
as  regards  your  Institution,  I  can  with  confidence  assure  you,  that 
no  means  have  been  left  unemployed  for  the  moral  and  spiritual 
welfare  of  the  inmates. 


I  have  the  honour  to  be, 

Gentlemen, 

Your  obedient  Servant, 

CHARLES  BRITTAIN, 


January  24th,  1862, 

Winson  Green. 


Chaplain. 


PRINTED  BY  B,  HUNT  AND  SONS,  HIGH  STREET,  BIRMINGHAM. 


