IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Hiotographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  KiAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  MSSO 

(716)  S73-4S03 


^A\ 

<^v 

V 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


T«chnlcal  and  Bibliographic  Notaa/Notat  tachniquas  at  bibliographiquaa 


Tha  inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  aignificantly  changa 
tha  usual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chaclcad  balow. 


0Colourad  covars/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I     I   Covars  damagad/ 


D 


D 


D 
D 


D 


Couvartura  andommagia 

Covars  rastorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  raatauria  at/ou  paliiculAa 


I — I   Covar  titia  mlasing/ 


La  titra  da  couvartura  manqua 


I      I   Colourad  maps/ 


Cartas  giographiquas  mn  coulaur 

Colourad  ink  (i.a.  othar  than  blua  or  black)/ 
Encra  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  blaua  ou  noira) 


I      I   Colourad  platas  and/or  illustrations/ 


D 


Planchas  at/ou  illustrations  an  coulaur 


Bound  with  othar  matarial/ 
RaliA  avac  d'autras  documants 


Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  intarior  margin/ 

La  raliura  sarrAe  paut  causar  da  I'ombra  ou  da  la 
distortion  la  long  da  la  marga  intAriaura 

Blank  laavas  addad  during  rastoration  may 
appaar  within  tha  taxt.  Whanavar  possibla.  thasa 
hava  baan  omittad  from  filming/ 
II  sa  paut  qua  cartainas  pagas  blanchas  ajoutAas 
lors  d'una  rastauration  apparaissant  dans  la  taxta. 
mais.  lorsqua  cala  Atait  possibla.  cas  pagas  n'ont 
pas  Ati  filmias. 

Additional  commants:/ 
Commantairas  supplimantairas: 


L'Instltut  a  microfilmi  la  malliaur  axamplaira 
qu'il  lui  a  «t4  poaaibia  da  sa  procurar.  Laa  details 
da  cat  axamplaira  qui  aont  paut-Atra  uniquas  du 
point  da  vua  bibllographiqua.  qui  pauvant  modif  iar 
una  imaga  raproduita.  ou  qui  pauvant  axigar  una 
modification  dana  la  m4thoda  normala  da  fiimaga 
sont  indiqute  cl-dassous. 


r~n   Coluurad  pagas/ 


D 


Pagas  da  coulaur 

Pagas  damagad/ 
Pagas  andommagAas 

Pagas  rastorad  and/oi 

Pagas  rastaurtes  at/ou  pallicultes 

Pagas  discolourad.  stainad  or  foxa< 
Pagas  dAcoiorias.  tachatAas  ou  piquAas 

Pagas  datachad/ 
Pagas  d*tach6as 

Showthroughy 
Transparanca 

Quality  of  prir 

Quaiiti  InAgala  da  I'imprassion 

Includas  supplamantary  matarii 
Comprand  du  material  suppKmantaira 

Only  adition  availabia/ 
Saula  idition  disponibic 


r~~|  Pagas  damagad/ 

r~\  Pagas  rastorad  and/or  laminated/ 

1^  Pagas  discolourad.  stainad  or  foxad/ 

|~~|  Pagas  datachad/ 

ryl  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varias/ 

I      I  Includas  supplamantary  matarial/ 

r~n  Only  adition  availabia/ 


Pagas  wholly  or  partially  obscurad  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc..  have  been  ref limed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  Image/ 
Las  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata.  une  pelure. 
etc..  ont  AtA  filmAes  k  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


Tl 
to 


Tl 

P< 
o\ 

fil 


O 
bi 
th 
si< 
ol 
fil 

Si( 
Ol 


Tl 
s^ 
Tl 
w 

M 
di 
er 
b« 

rl| 
re 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  esl  filmA  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

y 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


ailt 

du 

>difier 

une 

naga 


Tha  copy  filmad  hara  haa  baan  raproducad  thanka 
to  tha  ganaroalty  of: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archivat  of  British  Columbia 

Tha  imagaa  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
poaalbia  conaldaring  tha  condition  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  In  kaaplng  with  tha 
filming  contract  apaclflcatlona. 


Original  coplas  in  printad  papar  covars  ara  filmad 
baglnning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  laat  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratsd  impraa- 
aion.  or  tha  back  covar  whan  appropriata.  All 
othar  original  copias  ara  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  iliuatratad  imprat- 
aion.  and  anding  on  tha  last  paga  with  a  printad 
or  iliuatratad  imprassion. 


Tha  last  racordad  frama  on  aach  microficha 
ahail  contain  tha  symbol  «^>  (moaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  ▼  (moaning  "END"), 
whichavar  appllas. 

Maps,  platas,  charts,  ate,  may  ba  filmad  at 
diffarant  raductlon  ratios.  Thosa  too  iarga  to  ba 
antiraly  includad  in  ona  axposura  ara  filmad 
baginning  in  tha  uppar  laft  hand  cornar,  laft  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  framas  as 
raquirad.  Tha  following  diagrams  illustrata  tha 
mathod: 


L'axamplaira  filmA  fut  raproduit  grica  i  la 
ginAroaIti  da: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 

Las  Imagaa  auivantas  ont  AtA  raprodultas  avac  la 
plua  grand  aoin.  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattat*  da  l'axamplaira  film*,  at  mn 
conformiti  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  da 
fiimaga. 

Laa  axampiairas  originaux  dont  la  couvartura  •n 
papiar  ast  imprimAa  sont  filmis  an  commangant 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  an  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'Imprasslon  ou  d'illustration.  soit  par  la  sacond 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autras  axampiairas 
originaux  sont  filmis  9n  commandant  par  ia 
pramiAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'improssion  ou  d'illustration  at  an  tarminant  par 
ia  darnidra  paga  qui  comporta  una  talla 
amprainta. 

Un  das  symboics  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
darniira  imaga  da  chaqua  microficha,  salon  la 
cas:  ia  symbols  — »•  signifia  "A  SUIVRE  ",  la 
symbols  V  signifia  "FIN". 

Las  cartas,  pianchas.  tabiaaux.  ate,  pauvent  Atre 
fiimAs  A  das  taux  da  reduction  diffArants. 
Lorsqua  la  documant  ast  trop  grand  pour  Atra 
raproduit  an  un  saul  ciichA.  il  ast  filmA  A  partir 
da  I'angla  supAriaur  gaucha.  da  gaucha  A  droite, 
at  da  haut  an  bas.  mn  pranant  la  nombra 
d'imagas  nAcasssire.  Las  diagrammas  suivants 
illustrant  la  mAthoda. 


rrata 
o 


lalura. 


□ 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

NORTH  AMEKICA.     No.  3  (1873). 


(A.) 

NORTH-WEST  AMERICAN  WATER  BOUNDARY. 


CASE 


OF  THE 


GOVERNMENT  OF  HER  RRITANNIC  MAJESTY, 


SUBMITTED   TO  THE 


ARBITRATION  AND  AAVARD 


or 


[IS  MAJESTY  THE  EMPEROR  OF  GERMANY, 

IN  ACCORDANCE   AVITU 

ARTICLE  XXXIV  OF  THE  TREATY 
STWEEN  GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA, 
SIGNED  AT  WASHINGTON,  MAY  8,  1871. 


[For  Maps  and  Charts  rcforrocl  to  in  this  Case,  sec  North  Anicrioa  No.  7. J 


Presented  to  both  Houses  of  Parliament  by  Command  of  Her  Majesty. 

1873. 


LONDON: 
FniNTKD  BY   HARBISON  AND  SONS. 


TABLE    OF    CONTENTS. 


CASE  of  tlio  Oovcrnnicnt  of  Her  Hrilannic  Miijo  y 


1  U>  IJ 


APPENDIX. 


No.  I. 


AriirI,.H  XXXIV  to  XLir  of  llu,  Tivnty  l.,.tw....n  (irent  nritain  niul  ll„.  Uiiit.-.l  St.irs  of  America 
■iigiiL'il  at  AViisliiiij;ton  on  Miiy  8,  J871        ...  '      „ 


No.  II. 


CtV  "f  Tiv,aty  Lptwcn  Cirat  r.iitain  nn.l  tlic  Unilr-I  Stat.-,  -r  .\„„.,i,.n,  sLnio^l  ni  Wa'.liinMnn 
'       .Iiiim;  i:.,  I.S-IO  ...  '^  o 


oil 

...     '20 


No.  III. 

I A  X.mtivo  ofllm  TassaRO  of  TTi.  r„itann,V,  MajoMy'^  .sln,,s  "  Di.s.ovory  "  an.l  "Cl.allm,,,"  „„.]..,• 
llic  coniMia.ul  of  Captain  Vano.uvor,  tlimn.^'h  lla,  Sti-.,iH  „r  .Mian  ,lo  Fura  an.l  tlinai.rl,  tlio 
dmniu.I  known  at  th«  ,Mvs,«t  day  ax  tl,o  Jiosa.i,.  Strait,  to  l!i>vl.  I!av,  sitiia'tcl  in  tlio  am^iont 
<ln!l  .,t  (loovf-ia.  S.  2:!  W.,  an.l  N.  72  W.  fE.xtmcted  from  vol.  i  „f  "Captain  N'ancouver-s 
\ (OMyes,"  iiublishud  in  171)8.)      ... 


No.  IV. 


|A  Narrative  of  the  Voynjrcs  made  by  the  Spanish  vo.^sel.s  "Sntil"  and  "Moxicana"  in  tlio  year 
17'.t2,  to  explore  the  Stmit  of  Fuca.  (Extracted  from  the  ac'onnt  of  the  voyage  publinhed  iit 
Madiid  iu  1802) 


No.  V. 


Ofi  krations  of  W.  H.  McNeil],  W.  Mitchell,  Captain  Swan.^on,  Mos.sr.,.  Anderson,  H.  (i.  Lewis  and 
J'Uilayson,  master  nuuiner.s,&c.,wli„  have  comnainded  or  are  in  command  of  vessels  navi-atin- 
tk  Straits  between  Vancouver  Island  and  the  Coutiueut  of  America 


..     29 


No.  VI. 


ttested  Copy  of  the  Log  of  Her  Majesty's  stcam-,slup  "Connorant,"  in  the  months  of  September 
and  October.  1840 


40 


[105] 


B  8 


It 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


CTfARTS. 


No.  I. 

Cnrtd  KslVriiii  dp  lu^  lli'miidi  iiiiiciilns  IirclicM  I'll  III  Costii  X.  O.  (!(•  .Aniciii'd,  n\  1701  y  ITO'J.  pi.t 
liis  j,'n|ciiis  "Suiil"  y  '■  .Mi\ii;iiiii. "  y  iitiin  liinim'.s  lie  8u  Sliiu'i'sliiil.     friil)li.slicil  al  Miulriil,  IKilL'j 

Xo.  II. 

A  t'lmrl  sliowiii;,'  part  of  tlic  Coast  of  Xorlli-Wcsl  America,  with  tlit!  tracks  of  Ilis  Mnjosty'.-i  s1(m| 
"  Piscovcry,"  niul  iiriiii'il  icnilur  "  Cliatliiim,"  cnmiiiaiKlcd  liy  Cli'or);(!  Vuncouvi-r,  Ks(iuii-(',  and  prejiaicvl 
undtT  Ilis  iinmi'diato  iiisiu'ctinii  by  I.iciitciiaiit  .Iimi'IiIi  Itakcr,  in  wliicli  tlui  contiiu'iital  sliort!  lia.s  l»in 
traced  and  dcUniiiniMl  licni  Lu.  TiO  .'id'  N.  and  Ijov-  -Ml' '  1-'  I-  tf>  Li>t.  W'  15'  N.  and  Lon;,'.  '2'o'S'  -W  K. 
ut  tlic  dilluicul  iicriods  sliowu  by  lliu  tiucks.     (I'ublislicd  at  London  iu  17'J8.) 

No.  III. 

North  Aniorica,  West  Con.st. — Ilaro  nnd  Ro«nrio  Stmit.i,  8un'cyD<l  liy  Captain  G.  II.  Kiclmrds  mil 
tlic  (ifliiiis  (if  I'cr  ^laJcty'M  Mliip  "  Plumper,"  lS."i8-."i!t ;  and  the  shores  of  Juan  lU;  Fuca  (Strait  to 
Aihuiialty  Iiu  oni  L'aj'lain  II.  Kclictt's  Survey,  18i7.) 

No.  l\'. 

America,  Nortli-West  C'oa.'tt. — Strait  of  Juan  du  Fuca,  surveyed  by  Captain  Henry  Kellett,  K.X, 
18t7. — Ilaro  and  Kn.sario  Slr.iits,  by  C'a]itaiii  tl.  II.  Jticiiardt,  U.X.,  1858. — Admiralty  Inlet  and  I'lijiit 
Sound,  liy  the  United  .Slute.s'  K.\plorinf,'  E.\pedition,  1841. — South  Coast  of  Cupe  Flattery,  by  the  saiur 
in  L85o. 


No.  V. 

Mall  of  Ore^jun  ami  Upper  (-'aJiloniia,  from  the  Surveys  of  .lohn  f.'liarli's  Fremont  and  other  ] 
authorities. 

(Drawn  by  Charles  I'reuss,  under  the  orders  of  the  Senate  of  the  l.ldteil  States.    Washington  Citv, 
1848.) 


Case  ol"  the  Govj-riinuMit  of  Ih-r   liriliimiic   Majesty. 


Ullji 


ins  ^fnjcsty  tlip  Emporor  of  (inmiany  lifwiiiij  rrinsonlod  to  nccopt  tlip  dUicc  of 
Arliitrator  hctwccn  tlio  (itiv(<nim<'iil  of  tlic  United  Stati's  oT  Amr'ricr\  ami  llio  (iovi-ni- 
iiii'iit  III"  Hit  Hrit.-itmic  Miijcsty  imdcr  the  pnivisiims  nf  Ai'lic'.c  XWIV  of  tin;  'rrciity 
(MiiicliKlrd  at  AViisliiiii;t(iii  on  tli("  Sill  .May,  Is71,  liclwrpii  tlic  I'nilcd  States  and  Her 
HntMiiiiic  .Majesty,  the  (loveniineiit  ol'  Her  IJritnmiic  .Majesty '■iilmiils  to  tlie  eunsidera- 
tioii  di"  His  .>lajesly  tlip  lliiiperor  of  (iermany,  in  piirsiiaiioo  of  Article  \.\X\'i  ol'  tlio 
said  'ricaty,  llio  followiiiL,'  Case  : — 

Tlir  Question  for  Decision.  The  Qurstion  for 

l)t'ri>ioii. 

TliP  question  suhmittcd  to  the  doeision  of  His  fniporia!  Arnjesfy  alforts  so  much 
|(if  the  iiouiidary  line  hetwepu    Her  IJritainiie   .Majesty's  possessions  in    North  .\nieriea  ciiaru No«.  3 »n(i  •«. 
jmid  the  territ(»ries  of  tiie   I'nited  States  as  is  comprised  helwrcu  tiio  Continent  of 
lAineriea  and  N'anconvor's  Island. 

The  hoiindnry  line  is  deserihod  in   the  Treaty  botwopn  tho   I'nitcd   States  and  Appendix  No.  s. ' 
[drcat  liritaiu  uf  June  15,  ISK!,  in  the  lollo^vin^'  i^'cneinil  terms  : — 


Treaty  of  Juno  !.'>, 


Treaty  of  June  15,  lS4fi  (Arllric  f). 

"  JVom  the  point  on  the  forty-ninth  parallel  of  north  lit itudo,  where  tho  lioundary 
llinp  laid  down  in  cxistiiii,'  Treaties  and  Ccjnvcntions  between  (ireat  Hritain  an<l  tlu! 
|Vnited  States  terminates,  the  line  of  boundary  between  the  territories  of  Her 
Ihitininic  .Majesty  ami  those  of  the  I'nittvl  States  shall  be  eonlinned  westward  aloni; 
tlic  said  forty-ninth  ]iaral!el  of  north  latitude  to  the  middle  of  the  Chamiel.  which 
^('pantcs  the  Conlini'nt  fro?n  \'ancouvcr's  Island,  and  tiience  southerly,  through  tho 
miildle  of  the  said  Chaiuicl  ami  of  I'lica's  Straits  to  the  Pacific  Ocean;  jjrovided, 
liip\ve\er,  that  the  naviiration  of  the  whole  of  the  said  Cliamud  and  Straits  south  of  the 
lortx -ninth  ])arall(d  of  north  latitude  remain  free  and  open  to  both  parties." 

The  question  more  immediately  submitted  to  the  decision  of  Ills  Imperial  ^Majesty  AppcmiiK  No.  i. 
(Icscrihed  in  Artitdc  XXXiV  of  the  Treaty  of  Sth  ^lay,  1871,  in  the  followin-j 
PMiis  :— 


,moiil  iiud  iiiliit^  Treaty  of  May  S,  1871. 

'•  Whereas  it  was  stipulaied  by  Article  I  of  tho  T'realy  couclud(>d  at  Washini^ton  Troniy  of  Mny  8, 
\Va!«hingtont.'itv^,,i„,  i-,,i,  j,„^,.^ -|k^l.,;j  (,(^^.,,p,j  'Hor  JJritaunic  Majesty  and  the    United  States,  that  '«''• 

111'  lint"  of  boundary  between  the  territories  of  tho  United  States  and  those  of  Her 
Siitaunic  ]\[ajcsty  from  the  ))oiiit  (m  the  forty-ninth  paralltd  of  north  latitude,  up  to 
rliich  it  had  already  been  ascert  lined,  shouhl  be  continued  westward  aloni;  the  said 
Brallcl  of  north  latitude  to  the  middle  of  the  Channel  which  scjianites  the  Continent 
om  \'ancouver's  Island,  and  thence  southerly  throuij;h  the  middle  of  the  said  Channel 
nd  of  Fuca  Straits  to  the  I'acifu;  Ocean  ;  aiul  whereas  the  Commissioners  a])p()inted 
the  two  High  Contractinsj^  Parties  to  determine  that  jxu'tion  of  the  bouiulary  which 
BUS  southerly  throui^h  the  middle  of  the  Channel  aforesaid  were  imabk!  to  aijrce  upon 
be  same;  aiul  whereas  tlu;  Government  of  Ucr  IJritannic  Alajcsty  claims  that  sueli 
Duiulary  line  should,  utider  th(»  terms  of  the  Treaty  above  rcciti-d,  be  run  throui,'h 
k  Itosario  Straits,  and  the  Government  of  the  United  States  claims  that  it  should  be 
Ji  tlnon^'h  the  Canal  de  Ilaro,  it  is  agreed  that  the  rcsju'ctivc  claims  of  the  Govcru- 
knit  of  ll(>r  J{rilanni(r  ^lajesty  and  the  (Jovcrnment  of  the  United  States  shall  be 
Wmiitted  to  the  arbitration  and  award  of  His  Majesty  the  Iviuperor  of  (Jermauy,  who, 
pving  regard  to  the  above-mentioned  Article  of  the  said  Treaty,  shall  decide  thereupon 
lially  ami  without  ai)peal  which  of  those  claims  is  most  in  accordance  with  the  true 
ktCTprctation  of  the  Treaty  of  June  15,  18i(>." 


1 

Tl 

spcnlxs 

tliniiiu: 

of  the 

lictwi'c 

lie  run 
1 1 

1 1 
{)1  unci 

Jslaiid 

vliicli 

T1 

0  Strait  of 

C„ 

urf(in. 

TI 

Cl'drt  No.  4* 

sidlis  n 

The  Rosnrio  Strnit. 
Chart  No.  *.* 


Avill  ho  filtsrn-od  liyTTis  Imporial  M.ijcvly,  Hint  wliorons  tlioTrrnty  of  .Tiino  T^l'l 

f.nlv  III'  till-  CliMimi'l  wliicli  M']iMr;itc'>.   t'lic  ('niiliuciil    IVimii  N'imroiivcr's   Isljiiid, 

li  the  miilillr  of  \\liitli  tlic  lidiuichiry  line  is  In  lie  run.  tin'  Treaty  of  Isjl  s\u';\ks 

Unsariii  SiraiNrmil  tlic  Canal  tir  I  la  m.  as  if  llnav  \\;iv  nviic  tlian  (<\ir  Cliaiiiirl 

M  till-  Ciiiilinint  ami  Van<M)n\rr's  Isl.and  lliiriu,'ii  wliicii  llif  lionndary  line  iii.iv 

and  lie  (■onlinucd  tiirontrli  the  middle  (if  Imk  a's  Straits  to  tlic  I'acilic  <  h-can. 

will  111'  (•(iiivcnii'iil,  lliiMcjnn',  to  liriiiLC  to  tin-  atlciition  of  His  lni|inial  .Majc^'y 

•  the  liydiMirrapliy  of  llir  entire  space"  lietwecn  tlie  Contini'iil   and   Vancouvir, 

soiitli'ol'  tlic  lt)ili  parallel  of  iioitli  latitude  accoidinu'  to  tlic  best  inronmiliuii 

is  ill  llie  possession  o)'  llcr  Maji'sty's  (lovenmiciit. 

The  Ulriill  of  (iroifjic. 

TIic  intli  parallel  of  norlli  latitude  continued  \ves|\vardly,  nccfirdlii'r  to  tlio  prnvi. 
ions  of  the  Treaty  of  .lime  I."),  IsKI.  strikes  the  upper  waters  oi"  tlie  aneieiit  (iulf  nf  j 
(icori;!.'!,  (Icsiu;nated  liy  tlie  Spaniards  i;i  Canal  del  Itosario,  in  Sem  aliiiioo  Hay.  TIkh- 
uatcrs  arc  now  ternud,  in  liriiisli  Ciiails.  llic  Strait  ol"  (icori,'ia.  Conliiiiicd  acnw 
tliJit  May  the  parallel  line  intersects  a  iKirrow  pi'iiinsiija,  llie  extreme  ol"  wliicli  \\;b 
ii!inied  liy  \  aiifoiiver,  I'oiiit  l!(dierts.  Tliis  j'dinl  exleiids  alioul  1/  miles  (j'.n^li^lii 
soiilli  of  llie  parallel  line.  Continued  jieross  tlic  Sirait  of  (Ieoii;ia,  the  parallel  jjn, 
strikes  at  an  acute  ani;lc  a  line  drawn  southerly  tliroiii;!!  the  middle  of  the  Channel. 

J5c-|)(>i'tiii','  so  miieli  of  the  lioiiiidaiy  line,  as  extends  to  the  middli*  of  the  Sini' 
of  (icoi\'ia,  there  is  no  controversy  hetwecu  the  llii;li  Contract  in  l,'  Parties  to  the  Tre;iiy 
of  .lime  I."),  ISKJ,  that  it  teriniiiates  at  a  point  on   the  jiaralhd  of  M)    north   latiliui 
ill  the    midiUc  of  (lie  Strait  of  (Icorr.ia.     It    is  with  re^'ard   to  the   line  to  lie  dnnvii 
soiillierly  from  tlin  jiarallcl  of  M)°  north  latitude  throuLrh  the  middle  of  tlio  Cliauiiil 
that  the  Commissioners  (if  the   lli";l'.  «   ,M(racliiiu:    I'arlii's  lia\e  hccii   iinahli!  to  aun, 
'J'lie  true  direction  of  such  a  line  drawi  Ii>wards  the  Strait  of  I'liea  Avoiild  appear,  fiMm 
II  survey  of  the  waters,  to  lie  south-east  liy  east  for  a  distance  of  ahoiit  11)  miles,  wlicivj 
Hie  Strait  of  (ieori;ia  !,'railually  expands  to  a  width  of  nearly  I')  miles,  and  may  1 
said  to  lose  the  eharact  ristie  features  of.",  sini^le  Strait. 

The  space  now  entered  upon  is  cueinnliered  hy  imnierons  ishnids,  varyin;;  in  ^iy 
and  chaiaeter,  amoii'j;  whii-h  are  three  na  .i'^ahle  (diaimels  leadini;  into  I'liea's  SIrail. 

The  most  eastern  of  the  three  channels  has  heeii  of  late  termed  in  Hritisii  eli;ir;>| 
H.e  I'o'^ario  Straits,  and  in  American  charts   lliniri^old's  Channel.     The  most  we>-lir; 
is  termed  in  Hrilish  charts  the  llaro  Strait,  and  in  American  charts  the  Canal  de  AiPi. 
The  latter  term  has  Lien  Imrrowed  from  (he  Spniiiards,  who  term  the  lower  part  of  '■"' 
Strait  the  Canal  de  Lope/  de  llaro. 

There  are,  besides,  other  narrow  ])assa^'es;  but  they  may  scarcely  be  considered  asj 
liii,'lnvays  for  sliijis  jiassiiiEf  from  th.'  Strait  of  (jeor^'ia  into  Kiica's  Strait. 

Thr  Jiosorlo  Strait. 

Frnin  n  ]ioint  midway  between  Salnrna  Island  and  the  Continent  and  !•  inilisj 
(l^ni^lish)  south  of  roini  Whiteliorn  on  the  shore  of  the  Continent,  the  waters  of  tli: 
Strait  of  (ieor^'ia  merije  on  almost  the  same  liin;  of  beariuLf  (south-east  by  east)  iiit' 
those  of  the  Jtosario  Sirait,  jiassini;  ea-tward  of  the  small  Islands  of  I'atos,  Siicb,! 
!Matia,  and  Clark,  thence  hetwcen  the  lari^e  Islands  of  liiimmi  and  Orcas.  At  J'uiid 
Jiawrenee,  which  is  the  eastward  point  of  Oreas,  lii(>  Sirait  trends  a  liltle  westwiinij 
of  south  for  o  or  [■  miles  (ljii;lisli),  and  then  leads  by  a  due  south  eour.sc  into  ti.: 
liead-Wiiters  of  the  Sirait  of  I'uea,  the  whole  distance  from  the  point  above-men tioiioJ' 
as  where  tli(>  Sirait  of  (ieoi'n'ia  merii'es  in  the  J'osario  Strait,  beiiiL,'  30  miles  (Kni^lislil 

Till!  width  of  the  Jtosario  Str.iit  varies  from  (i  to  1.',   miles  (l'>iij;Iish).      At  i;il 
iiortliern  entrance,  between  the  Island  of  Sucia  and  Sandy  I'oint,  on  the  Continent,  iti 
C  miles  (i]nt,'lish)  across  ;  but  the  Ahleii  iJank  lies  almost  between  those  two  ]ioii!ts. 

There  is,  however,  a  clear  ])assai,^e  of   t  miles  (Kni,Mish)  eastward  of  the  JJaiik,  aii.l 
a    ])assau:e    of   ].\    miles   (Knulish)   westward.     The  least  water  on  the  shoal   jiart 
2.{  fathoms  (llni^lish).     The  Hank  itself  is  an  extensive  patcdi,  beinj;'  12^  miles  (Kiii,'li- 
nortli  and  south,  and  more  than  1  mile  (laii;lisli)  east  and  west.     On  the  greater  iwfJ 
of  it,  an(dioraL,^e  may  be  bad  in  from  .j  to  t)  fathoms  (Knglish).  I 

The  J?ank  is  not  really  an    impediment   to  the  Channel.     Tbe  .shoal  part  of  i'J 
Avbieli  would  ho  dangerous  to  a  ship,  is  of  small  extent,  and  \n  easily  avoided  by  f,'i)i'- 
natiiral  leading  marks  during  tl: '  day,  and  by  tin.'  lead  at  night;  whilst  it  is  a  manilL' 
advautage  to  a  sailing-vessel  to  be  able  to  anchor  in  a  moderate  depth  should  .  M 

^   . .    „  •  Sve  Cliart  No.  3, 


c  considered  as  I 


lu)ve-nu"iit'u)niv,l 


slrofl!*  li<l<'«.  f>v  fofjq  rondfv  if  (lf^il•nl>lc,  nnd  wlirn  il  would  prnhnMy  hr  Impo<(«(!lilf  to 

ri'Icli  11  li:irl)(iiir.     'I'lic  width  ol'tlu"  INku'Id  Sli;ut,  sdiirnwunl  nrilic  Aldcii    l?imk,  soon 

ili'crcaHCs  to  11^  miles  and  '2  miles  (IliiLclisli),  uliich  lattrr  is  altoiit.  its  a'.(  i:ii;e  lircadlli. 

Ili'lvu'cii  Cypress  aiul  IMakely  Islands,  it  is  as  narrow  as  ]\  miles;  but  soon  opens  out, 

au'iii"  •"  -i  miles.     'I'lie  Hinl  and  Uelle  lloeks  lie  almost   in  tlio  centre  of  the  Htniil, 

:i',  miles  (Kii;;lisli)  williiii   its  sontlicni   entranee.     The  lornier  Is  an  rxlonsive  roek, 

!.')  I'i'ct  ahov(   hii,'h  water.     The  latter  lii-s  north-north-east  of  it,  more  than  haU'-a-niile- 

(llnu'lisli),  and  is  covered  nntil  near  low  water.     The  tides,  which  sweeji  with  consider- 

alile  slreiii,'th   over  these   rocks,   are  calculated   to  render  the   passai;e  hctweeii    them 

(lanL'crous  to  sailini^-vesscls  in   calms  or  ro<,'s ;  hut  there  is  a  f^ood  passat,'!*  on  cither 

side  III  them;  that  to  (he  eastward  of  them  hcinij  IJ  n\ilcs  (liiiL,'lisIi)  wide,  while  tim 

I  width  of  that  to  the  westward  is  1 J  miles  (I'ji<;lish1.     The  Williamson  and  Denis  rocks 

I  vliiclicxtcrxlahout  one-third  ol'a  milcolVthc  soulh-wesi  side  ol' Allan  Island,  arc  easily 

avoiiled.     The  former  is  22  feet  al)ove  lii;,'h  water;  the  latter  awash  at  low  spring;  tides. 

The  Davidson  iJock,  occiisionally  uncovcrin:,'  itself  at.  low  sprini;  tides,  lies  three- 

i'diii'tlis  of  a  mile  (Mii'^dish)  cast  hy  south  of  Colvilli"   Isl.nnd,  and  is  easily  avoided,  as 

il  is  marked  hy  kelp.     Thi'  only  other  hidden  damper  which  has  been  discovered   to 

I  exist  in  Rosnrio  Strait  is  lh(>  I'ananm  Heel",  which  extends  one-third  of  a  mile  (Knu;lish) 

oil"  the  north-west  <Mid  of  Sinclair  isliiid.     This  reef  is  marked  hy  kelp,  and  uncovei"S 

itself  at  low  water.     A  rock  also,  whieh  is  ahout  tlie  same  distaiu-e  west  of  Itoek  islet, 

near  the  'lo.'li  end  of  Cypress  Island,  is  also  marked  hy  kelp,  and  nncovers  itself  at 

j  low  wat(>r. 

The  tides  in  I'osario  Strait  run  with  considcrahlo  stron|;;th;  in  the  larrow  part 
llictweon  Cypress  and  IMakcIy  Islands  1  hey  have  heen  found,  duriuir  spiinLf  tides,  to 
Icxcced  (i  miles  (Km^lish)  an  hour;  in  other  ])arls  of  the  Strait  their  v» !  u-ity  is  from  2 
ltd  5  niih's  (l]ni;lish).  The  dc))tli  of  water,  however,  heiu'.;  from  2'>  to  3.')  I  I'lioms  over 
llhe '^Tcater  part  of  the  Strait,  admits  of  vessels  anchorini,' aiiyw  .icic,  if  it,  should  hn 
I  necessary ;  hut  the  most  d.-sirahie  sioppini;  places  are  Kidal;,'o  J>ay,  on  the  western  sid<5 
Lr  the  island  of  the  sa.ue  name;  "VValmonth  J{iL,'ht,  on  tin;  south-east  side  of  l/>pc/, 
rislaud;  the  (iuemos  Passaic,  and  Strawberry  13ay,  ou  the  west  side;  of  Cypress  Island. 

The  Canal  de  Haro. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  Canal  de  Ifaro,  from  the  point  where  the  Sti-ait  of  deorccia 
Imny  he  said  to  lose  the  charaeteristic  features  of  a  siim:le  Sti-ait,  takes  a  direction  about 
Isdutli-west  and  a  half  south  between  the  east  ])oint  of  Satin-na  Island  and  the  sinidl 
[island  of  I'atos,  for  a  distance  of  8  miles  (Kui^lish),  it  then  turns  to  tin;  westward,  ;ind 
Inns  in  a  direction  south-west  by  west  lor  almost  an  equal  distance,  until  between 
llStuni't  and  Moresby  Islands,  where  it  turns  to  the  southward,  and  runs  for  a  further 
ltlistanc(^  of  about  20  miles  (English),  trending  to  the  south-cast,  when  it  .strike's  the 
IBtrait  of  Fuea. 

The  width  of  the  Canal  de  Haro  at  its  northoru  entrance  between  East  Point  and 
I'atos  Island  is  2^  miles  (linglish),  wliere,  from  the  strong  tides  ami  ii'regularity  of  thn 
bottom,  ilea^'y  races  occur;  about  the  same  width  is  carried  for  12  miles  (English) 
khon,  between  Turn  I'ohit  and  ^Moresby  Islaiul,  it  decreases  to  something  less  than 
!  niik'S  (Knglish),  and  the  narrowest  part,  which  is  between  Stuart  Island  and  Cooper's 
I'ccf,  is  IJ  miles  (I']iiglish).  After  passing  south  of  Henry  Island  it  gradually  widens, 
lind  is  more  than  (5  miles  in  breadth  when  it  enters  the;  Strait  of  Euea. 
I  The  water  is  deeper  and  the  depth  is  more  irregular  in  the  Canal  do  ITaro  than  in 
llio  liosario  Strait,  and  though  the  tides  run  with  about  equal  velucily  in  both,  tho 
former  is  more  subject  to  irregularities  and  races. 

The  eastern  or  San  Juan  shore  of  the  Canal  Is  bold  and  steep. 
Alter  passing  San  Juan,  when  north^,ard  of  Henry  Island,  very  strong  and 
rro;,'ular  tides  are  met  with,  aud  there  are  rocks  off  Spiedeu  Island  which  nuist  nut  bo 
hjiproached  too  close. 

Oil'  Turn  Point,  ou  Stuart  Island,  there  arc  strong  whirls  and  eddy  tides;  and, 
tmless  with  a  commanding  breeze,  a  sailing-vessel  is  liable  to  be  turned  rouud  by  them 
^lul  lose  the  power  of  her  helm. 

On  the  western  side  of  the  Canal  the  principal  dangers  arc — 
The  Zero  Hock  and  its  neighbouring  shoals  in  Cormorant  Bay;  aLo  the  Kelp 
|i<'('fs,  which  exteml  southward  and  eastward  of  Darcy  Island. 

I      Cormf)ranl  15ay,  however,  aifords  good  anclun-iige.     To  end  r  it  vessels  may  salely 
faud  iu  midway  between  Cordou  Head  and  Zero  Hock,  aud  unclior  iu  U  lUllioms, 

'  See  C'liart  Nu.  J. 


Tlic  Canal  do 
llaro. 
Llwrl  No.  i." 


Orijfin  of 
Nnmcs  of 
Channeli. 


the 
the  two 


Chart  No.  1. 


Appendix  Xo,  i. 


•where  thoy  will  he  frco  from  nny  considerable  tide.  The  Low  nnd  Bare  Islands,  north, 
■ward  of  Sidney  Island,  should  not  be  ajjproaclied  very  doso,  and  Cooper's  lleef  should 
be  particularly  avoided.  The  Hood  tide  sets  stroni^Iy  (o  the  nortli-west  throui,'ii  tiir 
IMiner's  Channel,  and  sailiut^-vcsscls  woukl  be  very  litible  to  be  set  into  it  dimni,'  li^'Iit 
winds. 

riumper  Sound,  on  th-  northern  side  of  the  l)end  of  the  Strait,  between  Stimn 
Island  and  the  cast  point  of  Saturna  Island,  is  a  i^ood  anchoi'ai;!',  with  a  nioderiito 
de[)th  of  water  for  vessels  scekin;^  shelter,  and  one  of  the  few  amoni^  the  group  of 
islands,  which  is  of  easy  access  to  a  sailini,'-vesscl. 

Cowlitz  Bay,  on  the  western  side  of  Waldron  Island,  is  also  an  excellent  stopping, 
place,  easy  of  access  or  ei,'ress. 

There  arc  two  small  anchorau'cs  in  Stuart  Island,  lleid  and  Prcvost  Harbours,  Inn 
they  arc  only  suited  to  small  vessels  or  steamers. 

A  vessel  ))assin<]f  1hroMi,'h  the  Canal  de  Jlaro  may  seek  slielter  in  any  of  the  above- 
mentioned  anehor!ii,'es,  but  the  ^'reat  depth  and  irrei^ular  nature  of  the  bottom  would 
render  it  impossible  for  her  to  anchor  anywhere  in  the  main  channel. 

Sneh  is  the  most  (•oni])letc  account  which  Her  Majesty's  (iovernment  is  able  to 
lay  before  llis  Imperial  ^la  jesty  rcs[)cetin!,^  the  hycLroi,'raphy  of  the  two  chauucls,  whicli 
are  in  controversy. 

Oriijin  of  the  Names  of  (he  two  CItannels. 

AVilli  rci^ard  to  tlic  ori^'iu  of  the  rcs])cctive  names  of  the  two  Clianncls  there  is 
some  uncertainty.     Troui  an  account  published  by  Mr.  llobert  Creenhow,  the  Librarian 
of  the  Doi)artnicnt  of  State  of  the   United  States,  in  his  "History  of  Ore^'on   and 
California"  (Boston,  1815),  it  would  a])pcar  that,  in  the  summer  of  17'JO,  an  attempt 
Avas  made  by  the  Spaniards  to  ex])lore  the  waters  supposed  to  be  identical  with  a  north- 
west ])assai;e  leading,'  into  the  I'olar  Sea,  which,  accordini,'  to  an  ancient  tradition,  had 
been  discovered  in  the  sixteenth  century  by  a  Greek  ])iIot,  called  commonly  Juan  dc 
Tuca.     Tor  tliat  puri)ose,  to  quote  IMr.  Creenhow's  words  (History,  p.  221),   "  Elisa, 
the  Commandant  of  Isootka,  detached  Lieutenant  Quimjjer,  in  the  slov)p  '  Princess 
lioya!,'  who  traced  the  passai^e  in  an  eastwardly  direction,  cxaminini;;  both  its  shores  to 
the  distance  of  about  a  hundred  miles  from  its  mouth,  when  it  was  observed  to  braiicli 
off  into  a  number  of  smaller  passages  towards  the  south,  the  east,  and  the  north,  some 
of  which  were  channels  between  islaiuls,  while  others  ajjpeared  to  extend  far  into  the  j 
interior.     Quimper  was  unable,  from  want  of  time,  to  ])euetratc  any  of  tli'  se  passages; 
and  he  could  do  no  more  than  note  the  positions  of  their  entrances  and  of  several  I 
harbours,  all  of  which  arc  now  well  known,  though  th(>y  are  generally  distinguished  by  j 
names  diiferent  from  those  assigned  to  them  by  the  Spaiuards.     Among  these  passages 
and  harbours  wen;  the;  Canal  de  Caamano,  afterwards  named  by  Vancouver  Admiralty 
Inlet;  the  Boca  de  Plon,  or  Dece])tion  Passage;  the  Canal  de  Cuemcs,  and  the  Canal 
de  llaro,  A\hieh  may  still  be  found  muler  those  names  in  Engbsh  charts,  exteudini! 
northward  from  the  eastern  end  of  the  strait;  Port  Quadra,  the  Port  Discovery  oil 
Vancouver,  said  to  be  one  of  the  best  harbours  on  the  Pacilic  side  of  America,  Avitli  | 
Port  Qiumper  near  it  on  the  west ;  and  Port  Nunez  Gaoua,  called  Poverty  Cove  by 
the   American  fur-traders,   situated  a  few  miles  east  of  Cape   Plattciy,   where  the 
Spaniards  attempted,  in  1792,  to  form  a  settlement. 

"  Having  ])eri"onned  this  duly  as  well  as  possible,  under  the  circumstances  in 
Avhich  he  Avas  i)l:iccd,  QuimpiT  returned  to  Nootka,  where  he  arrived  in  the  beginniii;' 
of  August." 

It  is  probable  that  it  was  upon  the  autiiority  of  Quimper,  who  was  an  Ensign  of 
the  lloyal  iS'avy  of  Spain,  that  the  name  of  the  Canal  de  Haro  was  given  to  the  Strait, 
Avhich  separates  A'ancouver's  Island  from  the  Island  of  Sau  Juan,  in  the  Spanish  Cliai't 
of  the  discoveries  mad(^  on  the  north-east  coast  of  America,  annexed  to  the  narrative 
of  the  expedition  of  the  Spanish  exploring  A'cssels,  "Sutil"  and  "  Mexicana,"  Avhicli 
Avas  published  at  ^Madrid  in  1802,  by  order  of  the  King  of  Spain. 

A  very  brief  allusion  is  made  in  the  first  chapter  of  that  nan-atiA'C  to  Quimpei's 
Expedition.  He  is  stated  to  haAC  sailed  from  th«!  port  of  Kootka  on  31st  Mav,  17W, 
to  have  reconnoitred  the  Port  of  Claucaud  (in  VancouA'cr's  Island),  to  have'eulereil 
afterAvards  into  the  Canal  of  Puca,  to  liaAc  visited  certain  jjorts  and  i)art  of  the  coast, 
to  Imve  taken  sur\-eys,  and  to  liaAC  retired  on  the  1st  of  August,  the  Avcatlier  not 
permitting  him  to  continue  his  labours. 

Mr.  Creenhow  cit<>s,  as  his  authority,  the  journal  of  (iuimjx'r's  A'oyagc  amou"-  lac 
manuscripts  obtained  from  the  Hydrographical  Department  at  Madrid. 


nds,  north- 
leef  should 
lirouu;h  tlic, 
liu-inu,'  li!,'lil 

recn  SUum 
a  nioiU'nite 
[le  group  of 

nt  stoppuig- 

ai-boiirs,  l)ui 

)f  the  above- 
ottoin  woulil 

ut  is  able  to 
luucls,  wliifli 


mcls  there  is 
the  Librarian 
■  Oregon   and 
10,  an  attempt 
with  a  nortli- 
tradition,  bail 
nonly  J  uan  dc 
221),  "Elisa, 
,oop  '  Princess 
Lh  its  shores  to 
rved  to  brancli 
he  north,  some 
[nd  far  into  the 
h'  se  passages; 
and  of  several 
istingnished  by 
these  passages 
ivcr  AdmiraltT 
and  the  Canal 
arts,  cxtendins; 
Uiseovery  of 
America,  Avith 
iverty  Cove  by 
ry,  Avhere  the 

fcumstanees  iu 
the  bcginniB'^ 


a 


an  Ensign  ot 

to  the  Stmit, 

Spanish  Cluivt 

to  the  narrative 

xieana,"  whicli 

0  to  (iuimpm'j 
1st  :!ilay,  17W. 
()  have  entoroil 
rt  of  the  coast, 


it  her 


lie  well 


k-agc  amoui: 


On  the  other  hand,  the  name  of  liosnrio  Channel  appears  from  the  narrative  of  the  Appendix  No.  4. 

Sntil"  and  "Mexieana"  to  have  originated  witb  Lieutenant  Elisa,  who,  prior  to  the 

rival  of  those  V(^ssels,  had  jieneirated  into  tlie  upper  waters,  now  called  the  fStrait  of 

oonjia,  and  had  given  to  tbem  llie  name  ol'  "  111  Cinial  del   Kosario."     'I'liat   name  is 

icdvdiniflv  given  to  tbosc  waters  in  the  Cliarl,  wbieb  I'eprest'uts  the  course  of  that 

ilitioM.  N'aneouver,  on  tlie  otlier  band,  in  bis  Chart,  to  which  rercienet*  will  be  Wiart  No.  ! 
[ule  licvcafter,  assigns  hat  nanu'  to  certain  narrow  waters  further  north,  which 
)avate  the  Continent  from  the  Island  now  called  Texada.  How  the  name  has  come 
!)(>  iipplied  in  modern  days  to  the  waters  of  the  Strait  of  (ieorgia,  as  they  are 
,(•(,'  southerly  through  the  islands  nntil  they  Join  the  bead-waters  oi'  the  Strait 
riica,  does  not  apjjcar.  No  name  was  in  use,  at  the  time  wlien  the  Treaty  of  loth 
If,  18 Mi,  was  conchubHl,  to  distinguish  these  waters  from  the  )ip|)er  waters.  The 
t,  lifiiirrrr,  is  clear,  that  the  name  assirjned  hi/  the  Spaniardx  to  the  ujijier  waters  of 
(incieiil  a  alt  of  (jeor(/i(i  is  used  in  the  /ireseiit  dnij  to  denote  the  Chainiel,  which  Her 
estifs  Government  maintains  to  lie  the  true  continuation  of  that  Strait. 
The  exnediticm  of  the  "Sutil"  and  '•-Mexieana"  in  ]7'.'2  aiJiX'ars  to  have  asci'iuled  AppfliKiix  No,  4. 

I  (  tiiirt  iS  u    1 

Strait  of  Fuca  to  its   headwaters,  having  touched   fust    at    I'ort    Cordova    (now 

uiaialt  Harbour),  at  the  soutbern    extremity  of    Nancouvi-r's   Island.     It  thence 

c'l'i'dcd  betweeii  the  Island  of  iJonilla  iSniitb's   island),  and   the  south-i  i)int 

Lopez  Island,  at  that  time  believed  to  be  (me  and  the  .same  island   with  San  .iuau, 

11  it  reaclunl  the  mouth  of  the  Canal  de  CJuemes,  which  separates  the  Island  of 

cincs  from  the  Continent.     The  expedition  then  ])assed   up  that    Strait  into  the 

icni)  de  Uaston,"  now  J5ellingham  15ay,  and  thence  along  the  ])assage  which  separates 

Island  of  i'acbeeo  (now  Luntmi    Island)  iVoni  the  Continent,  into  the  up])er  waters 

known  as  the  Strait  of  (ieori;ia.     The  two  vessels  continued  their  voyage  onwards 

those  waters    past  the    I'ronionlory  of    Cepeda,  afterwiirds  called   Point   Poberts 

Aar.fouver,  and  were  employed  in    reconnoitering   the    Poca  de   I'lorida    Planca, 

tli'st  large  inlet  north  of  Point  Iloberts,  when  they  were  joined  by  N'aneouver. 

The  expedition  under  N'aucou-  'r,  after  making  a  com])lete  survey  of  the  Strait  of  cimrtNo.  2. 

la  u])  to  its  head-waters,  Iiad  also  passed  onward  through  the  Channel  between  the 

li-cast  ])oint  of  Lopez  Island  and  the  Continent ;  but  instead  of  directing  its  course 

\vav(l,  like  the  "  Sutil  "  and  "  Mexieana,"  on  reaching  (Juemes  Island,  it  continued 

oursc  northward  aloui;'  the  main  channel,  wbieb  separates  Plakely  Island  from 

rcss  Isliuid,  and  anchored  in  Strawber.'y  Pay. 

fhenec  it  pursued  its  Qours(>  between  Orcas  Island  and  Lunnni  (Pacheco)  Island, 

it  reached  Pireli  Pay.     Passing  onwards  it  ])ursu(Ml  a  north  and  west  course  past 

t  Roberts,  and  fell    in  with    the    Spanish  vessels    "Sutil"  and  "Mexieana,"  as 

(ly  mentioned,  off  tin;  lirst  lari^e  inlet  north  of  Point  Iloberts. 

The  uarrativ(>  of  \'anconv<'r's  ex])editioii  was  made  puhlii-  in  17'.)!^,  and  there  was 
xed  to  it  a  chart,  iu  which  the  eoui c  of  the  exjjcdition  is  traced  throuuh  the  * 
nt  Rosario  Strait,  and  soundings  a'c  given  at  the  entrance  and  in  various  j)arls  of 
Strait,  and  in  the  u])per  waters  of  the  anciiMit  (iulf  in  continuation  of  that  Strait. 
The  name  of  tb.e  Canal  de  Arro  a])pears  also  in  this  chart  assiLi'ned  to  the  lowt>r 
of  the  Strait  wbieb  separates  A'ancouver's  Isbind  from  San  .liian;  but  the  parts 
e  west  and  north  shores  of  these  waters  ar(>  not  shaded,  intimating  that  N'aneouver 
ed  his  information  from  S|)anish  authorities. 

No  soundings  whatever  are  given  of  the  Canal  de  Ilaro  either  iu   N'aneouver's 
,  or  in  the  Spanish  Chart  annexed  to  the  narrative  of  the  voyage  of  the  "  Sutil " 
-Mexieana." 
|1V  CliiU't  of  Vancouver,  in   which   tlH>  soundings  as  above-mentioned  are    laid  Cihitt  Xo.  2. 
as  liccn  tb(>  ii'uiding  chart  for  all  Pritisb  vessels  I'.avigiiting  the  wat(>rs  between 
ontiuent  and  Vaneouv.^/s  Ishuul  from  170H  until  .some  time  after  Mill,  when  a     ' 
aeem-ate  survey  was  made  r)i'  tb(>  Strait  of  I'uea  by  Captain  Kellett,  and  there 
idonec  pivserved   in  the  logs  of  vessels   in  the  service  of  the    ILuds(m's    Pay 
any  prior  to  that  year,  that  it  was  their  invariable  practice  to  use  the   Ilosari'* 
as  the  leading  channel  from  Puea's  Strait  into  tb(>  upper  waters  now  known  as 
itniit  ijfticorgia. 

Ir.  (ireenbow%  in  his  "  ^lemoir  on  the  -Xorth-NN'cst  Coast  of  North  America" 
^ork,  1810\  p.  1119,  says  that  "tb(>  observations  of  N'iincouver  fii'm  the  basis  of 
'st  maps  of  tb(>  w{>st  coast  of  America  IVoni  the  IJOth  decree  of  latitude  to  the 
Til  extremity  of  Lofdi's  inlet,  as  also  of  those  of  the  Sandwich  Isbuids,  which  he 
ed  with  rare.  The  maps  contained  in  tli(>  atlas  annexed  to  the  journal  of  the 
e id' the  'Sutil'  and  'Mexieana'  are  nearlv  all  copied  from  those  of  the  Britisli 
tor." 
105|  C 


^mm 


Extent  of  Fiica'i 

Strait. 

Cliart  No.  .'t.* 


Naviiratioii  nf 
Fiira's  Strait. 
Clmrt  No.  4.t 


Chart  No.  3. 


Rftcnt  of  Fuca's  Slrail. 

Tt  will  liav(>  Ihhmi  obsorvcd  by  His   Imporial  ^Miijcsty  tlmt   llov  ^Fajosty's  (iovonJ 
nioiit,  ill  siicakinu'  (»!'  riica's  Strail,  uses  tliat  cxitfcssiim  to  {Iciiotc  tlic  inlet  of  tiic  vT 
Avliicli  fvlciids  IVoiii  Cajtc   i'latlcry  to  Whidlx-y  Island,  wiiicli  lies  oil"  tlio  Aniciica 
Continent.     The  iitniosi  leiiLftli  ol"  Fnea's  Sti'ail  would  tims  extend  over  alioiit  2 
of  longitude,  e(|iial  in  tliat  latitude  to  about  S(,  miles  (ilnnlisli),  wlion  it  nier;:c<,a 
its   soutli-east   extivniity,   in   Adniirally   Inlet,   and   at    its   north-east    extremity 
Itosario  Stmit. 

•  Xariijfitinu  of  Fttca'a  ISlrdil. 

Till'  ifnsario  Strait  and  the  Canal  de  [jnro  are  both  of  thein  eonneettvl  ininiediani 
with  l''nea's  Strait,  so  that  it  is  ])ossil)le  lor  a  vessel  settini;  out  IVoni  a  ])ort  on  citil 
sid(!  ol'  the  Channel  umler  the  li)th  parallel  oi' north  latitude,  to  ])ass  by  either  of 
iiiterveniiiu'  (."liannt'ls  into  iMiea's  Strait,  and  theiiee  to  the  raeilic  (Jeean ;  witlii:! 
ditl'erenee,  however,  that  a  rcssri  juissIikj  down  the  Rnsnrin  .S7r«//  would  enter  I'l 
Strait  at  its  eastern  end.  in  about  12:1'  -IT'  west  loii'^'ilude,  the  proper  and  safe  cit'j 
for  sutdi  ;i  vessel  beiiiu;  to  the  eastward  of  Davidson's  IJoek  at  tlie  distanee  ofal.^ 
J.  mile  south  of  ("ape  Colville,  and  ."o  irniild  hare  lo  n(irii/alr  tlir  vliolc  of  Film's  S<-1 
on  its  way  to  the  I'aeitie  Ocean  ;  \vhereas  a  rf:ts:i'l  imssinr/  dnini  flic  Ciuial  dr  Hnrn' 
kee])  a  safe  eoiirse  between  Discovery  Island  and  the  .Middle  liaiik,  and  enter 
Strait  of  I'^ica  in  about  12:i°  10'  west  lonn'itude,  and  so  n-nnld  onlij  he  ohlitjpd  In  inn'-i 
nhnul  twn-tliirdy  (f  Fiira's  iStriiit  (in  its  way  to  the  I'acilic  Ocean.  (Jii  the  other  l!:i:| 
a  vessel  enterini;'  Fuea's  Strait  frimi  ihe  I'aeilic  Ocean  and  linniid  up  the  Rosaiio  Si 
by  nii,'ht,  after  makin^•  the  lii^lil  upon  llaee  Island,  would  have  to  uiake  the  lij 
upon  \ew  l)unu'i>ness,  Mhieh  is  about  70  miles  from  Cape  I'^lattery,  and  then  the 
u])ou  Smith  or  Blunt  Island,  which  lies  almost  in  the  centre  of  the  eastern  eiiiij 
Fiiea's  Strait,  and  about  0  miles  from  tlie  entrance  of  the  I'osario  Strait.  Hk 
made;  Smith's  Island,  the  vessel  may  pass  safely  either  to  the  northwai'd  or  the  sn 
Avard  of  it,  accor(lin^•  as  the  wind  may  allow.  In  the  former  ease  she  would  jiim 
have  to  pass  within  ;{  miles  of  Cape  Colville  before  she  can  enter  the  Rosario  SH 
On  the  other  hand,  if  she  is  obliu'cd  to  keep  a  coui'se  to  the  southward  of  Sm:\ 
Island,  she  would  proba.bly  lunc  to  jiass  within  :>  miles  ol'  ^Vhidbey  Isliind  bel'on 
reaches  \\\c  entrance  of  the  Rosario  Strait.  She  iniuht  thus  b(>  oblin'cd  in  tnie  orl 
other  ease  to  naviuate  Avithin  llti'  three  wil-.t  limit.  (Jn  the-  eotitrary,  a  vessel  oiitf: 
J'uea's  Strail  from  the  Ocean,  and  boimd  up  the  Canal  de  llaro,  Avill  not  be  uiidiTJ 
necessity  to  ])ass  within  territorial  Avaters  on  either  side  o.'  the  boundary  line,  iiu 
to  reach  the  enlrunee  of  the  Canal. 


2.  7 

oirif  of  I 


Uiik'S  for  tlie 
Iiili'ipri'latioii  of 
Tri'iitios. 


Vnttcl,  I.  ii,  I'liap.  17, 
NCI'.  :271.     Loudon, 

mil. 


llaviiii;'  thus,  in  the  first  ])lace,  broiiu;li1  under  the  consideration  of  llis  Tmiv 
.Afajesty  the  physical  features  of  tlie  Avatcrs  throiiiih  Avliieh  the  boundary  line  is  il 
drawn  piu'suant  to  the  provisions  of  the  Treaty  of  the  15tli  .hm(>,  ISKi,  Her  J{nl;J 
^lajesty's  (lovernment  jiroposes,  in  the  second  place,  to  submit  to  the  eonsidenitifj 
His  Imjierial  Majesty  certain  I'ules  of  interiire'ation  which,  in  the  opinion  ol'.jiif 
of  the  highest  authority,  are  applicable  to  the  interpretation  of  Treaties,  and  wliiiJ 
the  opinio:  of  Her  IJritannie  Majesty's  Ciovernment,  may  be  properly  iuvoy 
elicit  the  true  interpretation  of  the  Treaty  of  the  15th  June,  lb  10. 

Ruksfoi-  the  Interpretation  of  Treaties. 

There  are  certain  admitted  Uules  to  which  Her  ^Majesty's  (lOA'crnnicnt  invil(* 
attention  oi'  His  Jin])erial  Majesty,  as  ]n'oper  to  be  observed  in  the  interpretiitil 
Treaties:— 

1.   The  trnrds  of  a  Trentij  are  to  be  taken  to  lie  used  in  the  sense,  In  which  th'i 
coiiimonhj  used  ill  the  time  when  the  Treaty  was  entered  into. 

In  ailirination  of  this  rule,  Vattel  (I.  ii,  chap.  17,  see.  271)  writes: — " 
int(>rpreiatioii  of  Treaties,  einnpacts,  and  prinniscs,  av(>  oui^'ht  not  to  deviate  I'li 
eomnion  use  of  lani^'uaLre  unless  we  have  very  stront^  reasons  for  it;"  and  in  ilhi 
of  what  he  means  bv  "tb(>  common  use 


oi'  laiMiuanc,"'  h(>  u,'oes  on  to  say,  in 
of  the  lime  when  the  Treatv  or  tli' 


272.  "The  ii<;n,fe  avc  here  s])eak  of  is  that 

of  whatever  kind,  was  drawn  up  and  eoneluded.     liangiiayes  incessantly  A'ary 

siu'uilieatiou  and  force  of  words  cliani-'es  with  I'iik  ." 

•  Stf  C'iiart  No.  4.  I   Sec  Cliart  No.  3. 


ncaniii^'  oi 
hfe  of'  itj 
^"t  alloAVfl 
If  mav 


m 

Ps  to  the 

'I'l'pnnihl 

;^H 

Vci    fiiif 

of  it. 

•  Treiilii' 

1  illiisfra 

B^t  u-ill  nl 

loiis.     ll 

i)V  cithov  (it'll 
( )c(>an ;  Avitli  r 
mill  enter  l'"'- 
;•  and  safe  f 
(listiiiK'c  of  «!■ 
,,  of  Fiicf/'.'.'  >i 
'mud  (Ic  H'do 
ik,  and  onlcr 
ohlujed  In  im 
„   the  (itliev  1' 
the  Rosaiio  >. 
to  ii\a1<e  il\i" 
and  then  lln'  t 
Hie  eastern  oiv; 
io  Strait,     lb' 
ward  ov  tl>'' 
slu>  would  |)V 
the  llosario  Si 
itlnvard  of  Sm. 
.y  Isltind  lieft* 
liio'iMl  in  our  it 
•V,  a  v(>ssel  onli; 
11  not  lie  nndiT 
idarv  lino,  in  c 


ion  of  His  Im? 
undary  line  i>;  t| 
18  Ki,  Her  BvitJ 
the  eonsidcnitiif 
>  opinion  el 
aties,  and  \vlm| 
iropcrly  iuvoM 


)vernnicnt  invi 
the  intevpretatil 


ise, 


in  v-hich  th'A 


■I)  writes-.— '■  I] 
t  to  deviate  f^j 
t ;"  and  in  ilUi^'f 

on  to  say,  i" 
Treaty  or  tli'' 

jssantly  vary, ; 

NO.  3. 


2.  In  InterpretiTKj  anij  r.rpresslons  in  a  Treaty,  regard  must  he  had  to  the  context  and 
tirit  of  the  irlwie  IVentij. 

Ill  adh'niatioii  ol'tliis  rulo,  Vattel  (ihid.,  see.  2^.',)  writes  as  follows; — 

"  it  lre(|iieiitly  iia|)|)eiis  tliat,  witii  a  view  to  eoiicis^'ue.-.';,  |)eii])li'  cNpress  imporfeotly, 

id  witli  some  dei;Tee  oi"  ohsciirity,  tliiii!,'s  a\  liicli  tliey  siipjjosc  Io   be  suliicieiitly  eliiei- 

itcd  1)V  tlie  precedinu'  inaltev.  or  MJiioli  tliey  intend  to  explain  in  the  seipiel ;  and, 

loivover,  Avords  and  (wpressions  have  a  dillerent  force,  soinetiines  (>ven  a  quite  dilferent 

-nitieation,  aeeordiii';'  to  the  occasion,  their  connection  and  their  relation  to  other 

mis. 

The  connect  ion  and  train  of  the  discourse  is,  therefore,  another  source  of 
torpvptnt'.m.  We  must  consi(l(>r  the  whole  discriurse  together,  in  order  ])erfec(ly  to 
iccivc  the  sense  of  it,  and  to  i^iv(>  to  each  expression  not  so  much  tlu>  si^'iiilicntion 
lii'li  il  may  individually  admit  of,  as  that  ■  which  it  oui^'ht  to  have  from  the»on1ext 
1(1  spirit  of  the  discourse.  Such  is  tli(>  maxim  of  the  JJomau  law  :  '  Jncivih;  est, 
li  tola  lei^e  perspectit,  unfi  aliqiiA,  ])articuli\  ejus  proposita,  judicare  vol  res])omlcre.* 
Hijost,  1.  i,  tit.  iii,  De  i.et;il)us,  let,'.  2t.)" 

3.  The  interpretation  uliould  be  drawn  from  the  connection  and  rehition  of  the  different 

■ts. 
I'pon  this  rule,  Vattcd  (ibid.,  sec.  28())  writes  as  follows: — 

"The  very  <'onneclion  and  rcdatitni  of  the  thinijs  in  question  hcl])s  also  to  discover 
cst.il)lish  the  true  sense  of  the  Treaty  or  of  any  other  piece.  The  interpretation 
lit  to  111'  made  in  such  a  manner  that  all  th(>  parts  may  appear  consonant  to  each 
[py — that  what  follows  may  ai.creo  Avith  what  imu'cdcd,  unless  it  evidently  apjiear 
Lt,  hythe  subseipient  clauses,  the  parties  intended  to  malic  some  alteration  in  the 
•(■(lill^'  ones.  For  it  is  to  be  presumed  th:it  the  autiiors  of  a  deed  had  an  uniform 
steady  train  of  thinlcin;,'' — that  they  did  not  aim  at  incoiisisteiu-ies  and  contradic- 
is.  but  rather  that  they  intended  to  explain  one  thinu,'  by  luio'.l'.er-  and,  in  a  Avord, 
one  and  the  same  spirit  rein'us  tlirou|^hout  the  same  i/n  (lucfinn  i;v  the  sanio 
ity."  _  '    _  ^[ 

4.  The  interpretation  should  he  auitable  to  the  reason  of  Hie  Tr-atij. 
In  illustrati(m  of  this  rule,  Vatt(d  (ibid.,  see.  'I'^l)  writes  :  — 
"The  reason  of  the  laAV  or  of  the  Treaty— tlat  is  to  say,  Hie  motive^  Avhich  led  (o 

[niakint;  of  it  and  the  object  in  coutemplati  >u  at  tlu>  lime— is  the  most  certain  cluo 

load  lis  to  the  discoA'cry  of  its  true  mea.nini,' ;    and  ureal  attention  should  be  ])ai(l 

111'  cii'ciunstaiRC  Avhenever   tiiere    is    (picstion    either  of  ex])lainiiiu'   an    obscure, 

lijjiiDUS,  indeterminate  passaii'e  in  a  laA\  or  Treaty,  (u*  of  ajiplyini^  it  to  a  jiarticular 

When  once  wo  certainly  know  the  reason  which  alone  has  determined  the  Avill 

person  sjieakini,',  avc  oui^'ht  to  interi-rel  and  a])ply  his  words  in  a  manner  suitable 

(lial  reason  alon(> ;   otherAvisc 

Qtion,  and  in  ojiposilion  to  his 

I"  i'ursiiant  to  this  rule,  a  prince  wlio  on  p,'ranlini;'  his  dauj^liter  in  inarriai;e  has 
aisod  til  assist  his  intended  son-in-law  in  all  his  wars  is  not  bound  to  giAO  him 
Iftssistaiice  if  the  marriaifc  does  not  take  jilacc. 

Hut  Ave  ou^ht   to  be  Acry  certain   that  we  knoAV  the  triic^  and  only  reason  of 

law,  the  promise,  or  the  Treaty.      In  matt<>rs  of  this  nature  it   is  not  alloAvahlc  to 

uii'c  in  A'ain  and  uncertain  conjectun's,  and  to  suppose  reasons  and  vicAvs,  Avlici'c 

are  none  certainly  knoAvn.      U' the  ])iec(>  in   (picstion  is  in  itself  obscure — if,  in 

to  discover  its   meaniuu,',  avc  have  no  other  resource  than  the  investii^ation  of 

kiitlinr's  views  or  tli(>  motives  of  the  deed,  avc  may  then  have  recourse  to  conjecture, 

[in  default  of  absohit(>  certainty,  adopt  as  the  true  meanini:^  that  which  has  tin; 

est  decree  of  pndiability  on  its  side.     But  it  is  a  dangerous  abuse  to  go  Avithout 

^sjty  ill  s(;arch  of  motiv(>s  and  uncertain  vi(>Avs  in  order  to  Avrest,  restrict,  or  extend 

laniug  of  a  deed,  Avhich  is  of  itself  sullicii^ntly  cl(>ar  and  carries  no  absurdity  on 

ncp  of  it.     Such  a  procedure  is  a  violation  of  that  incontestable  maxim,  that 

hot  allowable*  to  intei'pret  what  has  no  need  of  int(M'pretation." 

p  may  be   observed,   by   the  Avay,  that  the  motive  of  the   High   Contracting 

to  the  Treaty  of  1810,  and  the  obj(>ct  they  had  in  vicAv,  are  explicitly  stated 

!  I'roandde  of  t ho  Treaty,  so  that  it  Avill  not  be  necessary  for  ilis  Tniperial  Majesty 

livi'l  out  of  the  AA'ords  of  the  Treaty  itself,  for  the  ])urposc  of  ascertaining  the 

'of  it, 

Trralirs  are  to  he  interpreted  in  a  favourable  rattier  than  an  odious  sense. 
Jii  illustrati(jn  of  this  rule  Vattel  (ibid.,  sec.  801)  Avrites  : — 

'It  will  not  ho  diflicult  to  shoAV  in  general  Avhat  things  arc  favourable,  and  what 
iious.    In  the  first  place,  everything  that  tends  to  the  common  advantage  iu 

C  2 


Vnttcl, 
btc.  2li; 


1.  ii,  clinp.  17, 


Vattol,  ibid.,  sec.  2«C. 


Vattel,  ibid.,  see.  287. 


lie  will  be  mixdv  to  s])eak  and  act  contrary  to  his 
own  views. 


Vattel,  ibid.,  sec.  301. 


Bi 


8 


Vnttel,  1.  ii,  chap.  18, 
sec.  305. 


Conventions,  or  that  lias  a  t<*n(loncy  to  placo  the  Contractina;  Parties  on  a  fool  in;;  i 
equality,  is  lavounibh'.      Tlie  voice  of  equity  and  the  ^'cneral  riilc!  of  contracts  n'(|iiitl 
that  the  conditions  hctween   the  ])arties  slioiiid   he  ('(iiial.     Wo  arc  not  to  prcsiunJ 
uithout  very  strong;'  reasons,  tliat  one  of  the  Contractin!;'  Parlies  inlcnded  to  liivni 
the  otlu'i'  to  iiis  own   prejudice;  liut  tiierc  is  no  dauiicr  in  exteiulin^,'  wiiat   is  lor  iL 
common  advantage.      If,  therefore,  it    iia|)[)ens  thai  llie  Contractini;'  Parties  iiavc  iJ 
mad(!  known  their  will  with  sulllcient  i'ieaniess,  aiul  witli  all  tlii^  neces.sary  prccisinrj 
it  is  certainly  more  eonformahle  to  e(|uity  lo  seek    foi-  that  will  in  the  sense 
favoumhle  to  equality  and  the  comu'on  advantaii;e,  than  lo  supjxjsc  it  in  the  eoiuraiJ 
sense.      For  tiu' same  reason  everythini;' tiial  is  not  for  tlu;  common  advantai^e,  uvmj 
thint^  that  tends  to  destroy  the  e(|ualily  of  a  eonlraet,  everylliinu;  that  onerates  u:d 
one  of  the  ])arties,  or  that  onerates  the  one  more  than   the  other,   is  odious.     lii| 
Treaty   of    strict    I'ricndshii),   union,  ami   alliance,   everythinii'  A\hich,   without    liiiJ 
hiu'densome  to  any  of  the  partii's,  lends  to  llu."  common  advanlaL;<'  of  the  Confedi'iiifj 
and  to  draw  the    l)onds  of  union   closer,   is    favourahle.      In   unc(|ual  Trcalie.> 
especially  in  unei[iial  alliances,  all  the  clauses  of  ine(|uality,  and  ])rincipally  those  tJ 
(Hierale  ihe  inferior  ally,  are  odious.     I^'jion  this  principli'  that  we  ouj^hl,  in  eas(s 
douht,  to  extend  what  leads  to  ('(piality  ami  restrict  what  (h-stroys  it,  is  founded  tlJ 
Avell-knowit  rule — '  Ineommoda  vilantis  melior,  qiiam  commoda  petentis,  est  eaiiJ 
(Quinetilian,  Inst.  Orat.,  1.  vii,  eh.  iv.)     The  party  who  en(h'avours  to  avoid  a  loss  I 
a  hetter  cause  to  sup|)ort  than  lu>  who  aims  at  ohtainim;'  an  advantai^e." 

0.    Whatever  Inleipretation  lends  to  cliaiujc  the  fxintiuij  state  of  lliiiujs  at  the  tiiiuj 
Treaty  was  made  is  to  be  ranked  in  the  class  of  odious  thimjs. 

Vattel  (ihid.,  sec.  305),  in  illustration  of  this  rule  ohscrves,  that  "  the  propiit:! 
cannot  he  d(>|)rive(l  of  his  right,  except  so  far  precisely  as  he  relinquishes  it  on  his  iia.'f 
and  in  case  of  douht  the  ])resunq)tion  is  in  favour  of  the  possessor.  It  is  less  repu^'iii 
to  equity  to  withhold  from  the  owner  a  jjossession  Avhich  he  has  lost  through  his  fii 
neglect,  than  to  strip  the  just  ])ossessor  of  Avhat  lawfully  hehmgs  to  him.  Iiiij 
interpretation,  therefore,  we  ought  rather  to  hazard  the  former  inconvenience  than 'I 
latter.  Here  also  may  he  applied,  in  many  cases,  the  rule  ahovc-mentioned  (see.  m 
that  th(>  party  who  endeavours  to  avoid  a  loss  lu.s  a  hettor  cause  to  support  than 
wlio  aims  at  ohtaining  an  advantage." 


The  First  Ifule  of 
Iiiterpietatton. 


Chart  No.  2. 
The  eeneral  use  of 
the  Rosario  Strait 
before  1846. 


Appendix  No.  4. 
Chart  No.  I. 


Her  Buitann'ic!  Majesty's  Goveuxment  Avill  now  proceed  to  suhmit  to 
consideratio:.  of  His  Imperial  ^Majesty,  in  the  third  plae(\  their  views  as  to  the  imJ 
application  of  the  above  rides  to  the  interpretation  ol  the  Treaty  of  15th  June,  Ibkl 

The  First  Rule  of  Interpretation  in  its  uppiication  lo  ihe  Treaty  of  1846. 

In  accordance  Avith  the  tirst  ruh?  ahove  meidioned.  Her  Maj(>sty's  Govonm 
submits  to  the  consideration  of  His  Imperial  ^Majesty  the  following  facts  in  suppuJ 
the  position  that  the  narrow  waters,  now  designated  the  Rosario  Strait  in  lirif 
Charts,  were  the  only  chauiud  between  Ihe  Continent  and  A'ancouv<'r's  Island  (jm'\ 
knoivn  and  commonly  used  by  sea-(join(j  vessels  at  the  time  when  the  Treaty  of  loth- 
1810,  was  made,  and  that  the  words  '•  the  Chanm>l,"  in  the  siguitication  which  riw^ 
usage  aflixed  to  them  at  that  time,  denoted  those  waters. 

(1.)  Vancouver's  expedition,  in  17'.)2,  after  ex])loring  the  head-waters  of  H 
Strait,  ])asscd  on  to  the  nortlrvard,  along  the  narrow  waters  which  separate  Lj 
Island  from  what  Avas  then  believed  to  be  the  Continent,  and  followed  those  watof 
their  course  between  Blakcdy  Island  and  Cypress  Island  into  Birch  Bay,  and  thJ 
passed  onwards  to  Point  Uoherts  and  the  upper  Avat(>rs  of  the  ancient  Gulf  nowoa 
the  Strait  of  Georgia.  Soundings  were  made  throughout  the  passage,  which  arcstj 
in  Vancouver's  narrative,  and  are  laid  down  in  tlu;  chart  annexed  to  it,  suflicieil 
secure  for  future  navigators  a  safe  course  from  Puca's  Strait  uito  the  upper  if 
Vancouver  did  not  explore,  nor  docs  he  give  any  soundings  of  tlu;  Canal  de  llaiujf 
is  not  menti-oied  in  his  narrative  ;  the  name  of  it,  however,  appears  on  the  laj 
his  Chart,  distinguishuig  waters  without  soimdiugs  from  the  Channel  through  j 
Vancouver  passed. 

(2.)  The  Spanish  exploring  vessels  "  Siitil "  and  "  ilexicana,"  in  the  samel 
appear,  from  the  narrative  of  the  expedition,  to  have  pursued  a  course  to  the  soutlij 
of  Ihe  San  Juan  Island  until  they  reached  the  head-Avaters  of  Fuca's  Strait, 
then  entered  the  same  channel  Avhich  Vancouver  entered,  and  folloAAcd  it  as  far 
Island   of  Gueraes,  when  they  passed  onwards,   along  the  Canal  de  Guemcsl 


Straits  to 
3.  Pr 

Straits  SOI 

ics. 

Looki 
!it.'  second 
lie  second 
outherly 
rancouvcr 


on  a  foot  ins; 
ontrac'ts  vt'(|iiirl 
not  to  pvi'Miinj 

I'lldt'd   to    lilVdi; 

wliiit  is  I'tir  ill 
|'arti»>s  liavc  lul 
ossary  prcciMuii 
tho  siuisc  nuil 
in  tlic  foutra 
,dvantau;o,  uven| 
at  oucratcs  ual 
is  odious.  InJ 
I,  witlioiit  lii'i: 
tlic  ConlVdcratj 
till  Tivatics,  aif 
i-ipiilly  tliosc  t!. 

)llU,llt,   ill    «'!l^l'^ 

t,  is  i'oimdt'tl  tU 
tt-ntis,  ost  ciui-;! 
I)  avoid  a  loss  1 

e." 

lujs  at  the  llmr 

t  "  tlie  proinii'! 
dies  it  ou  Ids  pa: 
t  is  less  ropu'.'c 
throui^h  his  "1 
s  to  liim.     In  I 
ivenionce  than  il 
■iitioucd  (sec.  M 
o  support  than 


to  submit  to' 
'ws  as  to  the  imjl 
lutli  .hino,  lb«| 

t,j  of  1846. 

(>sty's  Govenml 
facts  in  supiiurl 
io  Strait  in  M 
cv's  Island  (jeiir\ 
rcaty  of  loth .' 
lation  which  fo«j 

ad-waters  of  H 
lich  separate  l.] 
)we(l  those  watc 
•ch  Bay,  and  thi 
ientGulf  now  CI 
age,  which  ave  si 
:ed  to  it,  sufficiei 
iito  the  upper 
Canal  d(>  Ihu'o 
»pears  on  the  I'aj 
auiiel  through 'I 

a,"  in  the  same 
urse  to  the  soutW 
Fuea's  Stmit. 
lowed  it  as  far 
nal  dc  Guemcs, 


Bcllintrlir.ni  Bay  ("El  Seno  do  Gaston  ").     l-'rom  Hellin!>lmm   Bay  they  pursued  a 
nortlierly  course  past  I'oiiit   lloherts  into  I  lie  upper  waters  of  the  ancient  (Julf. 

(;j.)    I'lie  Chart  of  Vancouver,  ■•hich  i^ivcs  sounding's  only  for  naviujating  throuji;b     imrtNo.  2 
the  Kosario  Channel,  was  the  Chart  in  ^'eneral  use  up  to  tlie  end  of  ISUJ. 

(1.)  No  Spanish  chart  of  a  date  anlecc(i(  nt  to  t lie  Treaty  of  lotii  June,  1810,  is 
kiiDun  to  Her  .Majesty's  < Jovcrninent,  in  which  soun(lini,'s  are  •j;iven  for  navigatinji; 
through  the  Canal  di-  llaro. 

(5.)  When  the  "  Heaver,"  the  lirst  steam-vessel  used  by  the  lludson's  Jlay 
Company,  passed  up  from  l''iica's  Strait  to  Fort  Langh^v  cm  the  Frazer  lUver  in  1S37, 
slu>  made  use  of  what  is  now  known  as  the  I'osario  Channel.  She  ex})lored  the  Canal 
di' llaro  for  the  lirst  time  in  Is  1(5. 

(0.)  AVhen  tiie  I'nitrd  States  cKploring  vessel  "Porpoise,"  under  LiiMitenant  Bing- 
unld,  passed  up  to  the  imrtliward,  fnnn  Fnca's  Straits  into  the  up|)er  Gulf  in  IHH, 
she  made  use  of  what  i ;  now  known  as  the  i'osario  Channel.  TIu'  lioats,  on  tin;  other 
iiaiid,  of  her  consort,  t!ie  "  N'incennes,"  wliicli  remained  at  \ew  l)un<?eness,  were 
dispatched  to  the  Canal  de  JLaro  to  make  a  survey  of  it.  Lieutenant  Wilkes,  in  his 
narrative  (vol.  iv,  p.  ol.")),  states  that  they  were  so  engaged  for  three  days,  by  which 
time  th(\v  "completed  all  tiiat  was  essential  to  the  navigation  of  it." 

(7.)"  Her  .Ma)(>sty's  steamer  "Cormorant,"  the  lirst  of  Her  ^lajesty's  steam-ships  Appendix  No. «. 
which  navigated    the   waters    octween    the   Continent    and   Vancouver's   Island,   in 
i  Soptemher  iSlti  ])assed   iij)  tin;  Rosario  Channel  to  the  northward,  and  returned  to 
I  Fuea's  Strait  by  th<'  same  channel. 

(8.)  TIu>  declarations  of  sea-ea])tains  and  otlier  persons  in  the    service    of  the  Appendix  No.  6. 
I  Hudson's  Bay  Company  tuv  conclusive*  that  the  only  channel,  used  and  considered  safe 
by  them  prior  to  1810,  w  as  the  llosaiio  Chaimel. 


The  Second  and  Third  Rules  of  Interpretation, 

It  is  conceived  by  Her  Majesty's  Govennnent  that  the  second  and  third  rules  for 
I  the  interpretation  of  Treaties,  already  brought  to  th(>  attention  of  Ilis  Imperial  Majesty, 
as  they  are  of  a  cognate  character,  may  be  conveniently  considered  together  in  their 
application  to  the  (piestion  submitted  to  the  arbitration  of  His  Imperial  Majesty. 

These  rules  may  be,  then,  brielly  expressed : — 

(a.)  That  the  context  and  spirit  of  a  discourse  is  a  source  of  interpretation,  ■where 
[particular  expressions  are  obscure  from  over-conciseness  of  statement. 

(b.)  Th(!  interpretation  of  any  part  of  a  discourse  ought  to  be  made  in  such  a 
Imanner,  that  all  the  parts  mat/  be  consonant  to  one  another. 

It  may  be  observed  then,  in  the  first  place,  that  thc^  only  expressions  in  the  Treaty 
lof  15th  .Tune,  181(),  respectir ;:,•  which  any  disagreement  has  arisen  between  the  High 
IContracting  Parties,  are  to  b(>  found  in  the  second  paragraph  of  the  1st  Article  of  it : 
["And  thence  soutluM'ly  through  the  middh;  of  the  said  Channel,  and  of  Euca's  Strait, 
Ito  the  Pacilic  Ocean :"  and  that  the  disagreement  is  limited  to  the  words  "  the  said 
IChaimel."  It  is  considered,  therefore,  by  Her  ^Lajesty's  Government  that,  in  order  10 
lan'ive  at  the  true;  interpretation  of  the  above  words,  regard  m-iy  iinv^  erly  be  had,  not 
liuorcly  to  the  context  of  th(>  para""np!i  itself,  b;'.!.  to  ll.e  (cvl  i.T  the  preceding  and 
following  paragraphs  of  the  1st  ^\.rticle,  which  is  the  operative  ])art  of  the  Treaty  as 
regards  the  settlement  of  the  line  of  boundary. 

The  1st  AriiCii ,  then,  of  the  said  Treaty  is  divided  into  three  paragraphs : — 

1.  From  the  point  in  t\w  19th  parallel  of  north  latitude,  where  the  boundary  laid 
iown  in  existing  Treaties  ,vnd  Conventions  between  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States 
enninates,  th(>  lin(>  of  boundary  between  the  territories  of  Her  Britannic  Majesty  and 
be  United  States  shall  be  continued  westward  along  the  said  19th  parallel  of  north 
ititude  to  the  middle  of  the  Channel,  which  separates  the  Continent  from  Vancouver's 
[slaud. 

2.  And  thence  southerly  through  the  middle  of  the  said  Channel  and  of  Fuea's 
Straits  to  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

3.  Provid(>d,  however,  that  the  navigation  of  the  whole  of  the  said  Channel  and 
^traits  south  of  the   '19th  parallel  of  nortli  latitude  remain  free  and  open  to  both 

l!l''M('S. 

Looking  now  to  the  text  of  the  first  paragrajjh  of  this  Article  in  connection  with 

second  paragraph,  Her  Majesty's  Government  submits  to  His  Imperial  Majesty  "  it 

be  second  paragraph  may  be  read  as  if  it  Avcrc  written  in  exteiiso  thus :    "And  thence 

Dutherly  through  the  middle  of  the  Channel  which   separates   the  continent  from 

Vancouver's  Island,  and  through  the  middle  of  Fuea's  Straits  to  the  Pacific  Ocean," 


The  Sfcond  and 
Third  Rules  of 
Interpretation. 


Appendix  No,  2. 


The  context  of  the 
Treaty  considered. 


10 


The  consonance 
the  second  and 
third  paragraphs 
of  the  Treaty. 


of 


Chart  No.  4. 


the  rliannol  and  tlio  straits  hvlw^  so  ('(mupctcd   in  tlic  sccoiid  i)ar,ii,'vapli   as  to  h, 
i;ovt'rnc(l  l)y  tlir  prcci'diuL!;  words,  "  lliioiiiiii  llic  middle  dl"." 

Ni)\v,  tlic  extent  id"  the  waters  lien-  disi^nrited  as  I'lica's  Strait  is  nut  in  eontrn. 
versy.  It  is  true,  inch-ed,  tiiat  liy  some' writers,  amonn'st  wlinni  may  h(>  meiitidinil 
^Ir.  liohert  (ireenln)W,  the  iiihrarian  ti>  tlie  Department  nl"  Slate  of  tlie  I'nited  Stiitci, 
and  the  aiithm"  of  a  Memoir,  Historical  and  I'olilieal,  on  tlie  N'ortii-West  Coast  iif 
North  Aiiieriea,])uhlished  in  ISIO  hy  direction  ol  liie  Senate,  tlie  term  "  Fiica's  Strait " 
lias  boon  used  prior  to  tlie  Treaty  of  ]s|(;  to  denote  tlie  whole  of  the  ohannol  throiiijii 
which  '.  was  supposed  that  the  Ciroek  pilot,  .liiaii  de  I'lica,  found  a  i)assai;'e  into  tiir 
P(dar  Sea  in  the  sixteenth  century.  Thus  ."\lr.  (iiveiihow,  in  his  "  History  of  Oregon" 
(p.  'J  'I,  sjioakiiii,'  of  th(>  three  urenl  uroups  of  islands  south  of  51°  !(>'  north  latitndi', 
sa\  •,  "  The  suiithernmost  L;rou|)  eniliraee-;  one  lar^'e  island,  and  an  inlinite  iiumher  (i( 
sniaUer  ones,  oxtondini,'  from  the  IDlli  ij.irallel  to  the  .")lst,  and  separated  from  tin 
continent  on  tlio  south  and  east  !iy  the  channel  eiilled  tlii'  Strait  of  I'lioa."  Tliciv 
is  a  slit^ht  hiacounioy,  it  may  he  (ili-er\e(l,  in  this  pa>>au'e  as  regards  the  latitude  (ifl 
tho  p,'roiip  of  islands;  hut  Air.  (Ire.'nhow,  in  .a  pre\  ions  passiinc  of  th(>  same  wmil 
(p.  22),  has  desorihod  tin;  channel  which  he  has  in  view  with  irreater  accuracy,  , is 
ninninij  eastward  about  100  mil(\s  between  tho  tSth  and  l!)lh  jiarallels  of  latitudi',  | 
and  then  tiirninjj;  to  the  north-west. 

The  view  of  llor  Majesty's  (iovernnKMit  is,  thai  th(>  term  '•  Fiica's  Straits"  is  used  | 
in  the  Treaty  (A'  ISU!  to  siiiaiilV  the  lo\\('r  i);>rliiin  oiilv  of  .Mr.  (Jrceuhow's  Cliamii'l, 
namely,  the  inlet   of  tho  sea   which  evtends  eastward    from  the    racMiv  (Jooan  to  tlu'i 
cntmnco    of  the    jiassai^'o,   ihroiiu'li    wliich    Aancouver   continued   his  A-oyau:o    to   tlio 
northward,  and  Avhicli  he  has  laid  down  in  his  chart  as  a  navifiahle  (dianiud,  eoimootiin' 
Fuoa's  Strait  with  the  ii])pi-r  w.-iters  of  t!ie  ancient  Clulf. 

In  accordance  with  lliis  si^nilicalion  of  I'n.  a's  Straits,  Her  ]\li'.jesty's  fJovornnicit  | 
submits  to  llis  Imperial  .Majesty  that  the  tiiiii  "  I'uoa's  Straits"'  must  be  taken  j 
to  have  been  inserted  in  tlu;  second  ])araLrraph  of  the  Tst  Article  of  tho  Treaty  of 
IbK),  for  the  sake  of  descrihiiiif  with  greater  precision  tho  eours(>  of  the  lv)undary  line, 
and  that  it  is  one  of  tho  necessary  conditions  of  the  l)()nndary  line,  that  it  should  he 
drawni  through  the  middle  of  the  Inlet  of  the  .-eii,  of  which  Cape  .l''l;itlery  may  lie 
roirarded  as  the  south-Avestern  extremity,  and  Doeojitiou  I'ass  as  tho  norlh-eastum 
extremity. 

Now  a  lino  may  bo  properly  said  to  ho  drawn  thr(iuu;h  tho  middle  of  this  inlrt, 
if  it  1)0  drawn  in  either  of  two  ways,  namely,  if  it  he  (h'awu  loiiLifhways,  or  if  ill 
be  drawn  breadthways.  There  eau  however  ho  no  doubt  as  to  Avhicdi  of  suohl 
alternative  lines  is  recpiired  to  satisfy  the  Treaty,  as  the  line  is  to  he  drawn  to  thcl 
I'aeific  Ocean,  and  this  can  only  he  elTootod  hy  drairiiKj  ilie  line  ihromjh  the  middle  nil 
Fuc(i'.'<  Strail.i  leivjthwtiijx.  Upon  this  point  in  the  case,  Her  Majority's  (jovornmoi)t[ 
submits  to  Uis  Imjierial  ^rajesty  that  there  can  he  no  reasonalde  doubt. 

Her  Alajesty's  (iovonunonl  further  submits  to  llis  Inijierial  A[aj(>sty  that,  ml 
order  that  the  second  paragraph  of  the  1st  Artitdo  of  the  'rreaiy  of  JSKi  shall  U' I 
consonant  to  the  third  paragraph,  in  other  words  in  order  to  aoeoimt  for  and  ^ivel 
reasonable  effect  to  tho  third  paragraiih,  whereby  tho  navigation  of  the  whole  of  Fuci\t\ 
Straits  is  secured  to  both  tho  High  Contracting  Parties,  the  second  jiaragraph  mustkj 
interjircted  as  requiring  the  lino  to  bo  drawn  southerly  through  the  middle  of  a  ehanml 
which  II ill  allow  it  to  enter  the  head  waterx  of  Fiirii's  Straits,  and  to  he  continued  throuifil 
the  middle  of  the  Straits  in  an  uninterrupted  line  to  the  Pacitic  Ocean;  in  other  Wdi'd* 
the  boundary  Hue  after  it  has  entered  Fuca's  Straits  must  divide  tho  waters  of  tlicl 
Straits  in  such  a  manner,  as  to  render  tlic^pi'oviso  nooossary,  which  is  embodied  iul 
the  third  paragraph. 

For  tho  purpose  of  bringing  this  ])ari  of  the  case  more  completely  before  the  mindl 
of  llis  lni])erial  Majesty,  Her  Majesty's  (iovermufMit  will  roeapitulate  briefly  tkl 
characteristics  of  I'uca's  Straits,  as  they  hoar  u|)on  tho  question. 

The  breadth,  then,  of  h'uea's  Straits,  whore  they  leave  the  Paeiiic  Ocean  hotwcral 
Cajie  Flattery  on  tho  Contineni,  their  southern  ])oint,  and  Bonilla  Point  on  \'aiieouvcr'il 
Island,  their  lun'lhern  ])oint,  is  ihirteen  miles.  Within  these  points  they  soon  narroul 
to  eleven  mih-s,  and  carry  this  Avidlli  on  an  east  course  for  forty  miles.  They  tlu'iil 
take  an  east-north-east  direotion  to  i'.-'  shor(>  of  "Whidhoy  Island.  Between  Eacol 
Islands  and  tho  southern  shore  is  the  narrowest  jKirt  of  the  Straits,  'fhcir  loa-tl 
breadth,  however,  in  this  part  is  not  less  than  eight  miles,  after  which  the  Sti'.'iitif 
•  •xpaiid  immediately  to  seventeen  miles,  a  width  which  they  maintain  more  or  lisi 
in  the  part  where  the  Canal  di;  Ilaro  enters  them.  On  the  other  hand,  it  is  difTicidtl 
to  detine  precisely  the  place  where  the  waters  of  Fuca's  Straits  merge  in  thos;-  .1 


u 


i]ili   as  to  Im 

(it    in  CDiilro- 
!)(>  nii'utiiiiiiil 
I'nitcd  Stiilcy 
V.-sl   Coast  (if 
Fuca's  Strait" 
anni'l  ihroiiLrli 
<sam'  into  till' 
[•y  of  Orcirim" 
liorth  latitudi', 
lite  umnldT  nt 
•ati'd   I'l'oni  till 
iMU-a."     Tliciv 
llu'  latitiiili'  iifl 
lie  same  woik 
<r  accuracy,  as  | 
'is  of  latitiulf, 

U raits"  is  uscdl 
1\o\t's  Clianni'l, 
.■  Oi'can  to  till' I 
voya^■c    to   tlio| 
mcl,  coiiuectiu!; , 

v's  flovovnmcnl 
iniist  ho  talscn 
f  the  Treaty  of 
>  I'oundary  liiu', 
lat  it  slio'uld  1)0 
latti'ry  may  lio 
I"   nortli-eastm 


Ic  of  this  inlot, 
tliways,  or  if  il 
wliicli  of  sue 
10  drawn  to  the 
rjh  the  VI  id  die  «/ 
y*s  Government 
t. 
[ajcsty   that,  in  I 

'l8l'()  shall  lit 

mt    for  and  Ltivo 

e  u-hole  of  Fucii> 

aiii'aph  must  lie 

ddle  rif  a  chanmi 

continued  lliroiujl 

in  other  woi* 
10  waters  of  tlio' 

is  embodied  in 

|)cf(n'0  tlio  iiiinilj 
date   hriefly  tkl 

tc  Ocean  hetwcoiil 
it  on  Naneouvi'i'jj 
;hov  soon  narnffll 
lik's.  They  tlieiil 
IJotweon  KacJ 
its.  I'lieir  h';wl 
uhieh  the  Straitil 
ain  more  or  'i^"-! 
nd,  it  is  diirioult| 
icrgo  in  tho'^" 


tlie  Tlosnrio  Strait;  l)ut  ruea's  Straits  i^radually  contract  as  tlicy  aitproacli  the  entraneo 
of  the  I'osario  Sliail,  wliich  is  only  live  niih's  wide.  X  |)i()\  ision  \\iiicii  tliiis  secures 
to  fill'  vessels  of  cillier  nation  the  rinlit  of  free  iia\  i'^ation  on  cither  side  of  the 
hmwuhwy  V\Ui'  lliniiiijlinuf  titr  irhdlr  of  Ihr  Clii.'iinrl  (ind  Fucu'a  N/n///.v  would  lie  perfectly 
iiitcliiiiiliie,  and,  In  I'aei,  wnuld  lie  a  i'ei[ni^ile  precanlioii,  if  the  line  is  to  jiass  throuuli 
Hosario  Strait,  dividin^•  the  head  wafers  of  l''iica"s  Straits;  hut  it  would  not  he  in 
any  such  sense  a  nrcn-scnj  jtrvc(uili<in,  if  the  T'lc  of  houndary  i-.  to  he  drawn  through 
the  Canal  de  llaro. 

Un  the  funnel'  supiiu'-iti'i'i  it  wmiM  he  I'casonahle  to  '•ecure  to  eillier  jiarly  the  free  Kpasor.s  of  tlio 
navii,'ation  of  tli(>  wliole  of  I'lica's  Slrails  e(|ually  as  of  (lie  I'osario  Cliannel,  inaMuuch  t'lird  jmrugrapfi. 
as  tlie  infdium  Jilinn  aqinr  in  the  upji,  riii(;st  par'  of  !'"uea's  Straits  would  he  within 
the  "  three  miles  limit '"  of  citlier  shore;  on  tlic  oilier  hand,  tlie  ))arf  of  Fuea's  Straits, 
wlici'e  the  Canal  de  llnro  strikes  fhein,  are  of  so  i^rcat  a  hreullli  flial  there  would  he; 
an  ani))lc  niarL;'iii  o!'  cDiiinio;!  r,.i\ii;;i,hle  water  for  \e  >els  on  either  side  of  the  inrdiuni 
\  Jiliim  (iijUfP,  and  no  necessity  fi,r  vessels  passini;'  to  and  from  the  {'aeilic  Ocean  to 
imviynir  williin  the  juri>dii!iii)ud  ;r(ilns  of  cither  ol  ihe  llin'h  Contracting'  I'arties. 

If  it  shoiilil  he  said  on  hehalf  of  tlie  United  States"  Covernnieiit  that   the  proviso 
ill  tlie  third   pai'tiuT.  '  the  1st   Article  of  Ihe  Treaty  of  iSJOwas  not   inserted  hy 

way  of  prfCdiilion,  hut  r;,iher  hy  way  ei'  coniihi,  to  jirescrve  to  both  tlie  JliLfh 
C'oiitractini;'  I'arties  ;;  liherty  of  navin'atie.n  liiiherlo  enjoyed  h\  fhcni  in  cominou, 
llcr  Majesty's  (io\(  I'iunent  suhmits  that  coiisiderafions  of  coniihi  would  eipially  have 
ri'(piired  tlu!  extension  of  tli(>  proviso  to  the  \\afers  of  Ihe  Channel,  wliiidi  sejiaratcs  the 
j  cniit incut  IV(>m  N'aiici. liver's  Island  noilh  (if  lln'  forlii-ii'.nlh  jKirnllfl  of  norlli  liilituili',  ixa 
liotli  parties  had  herctofoie  enjoyed  in  common  the  free  navii^'ation  of  those  watcTs; 
Imt  no  such  jirecaiition  lias  been  taken  in  the  Treaty  to  limit  Ihe  exercise  of  exclusive 
suvcrcii,nity  north  of  the  foi'ty-ninth  iiarallel. 

I        Ai;aiii,  it  would  litive  he.  n  an   iiiireasonahle  fhinii'  to  have  ])rovide(l  by  the  Treaty 

that  both  parties  siionld  rrlain   the  frei?  enjoynient   of  Ihe  iia\ii;afion  of  llie  irliolc  of 

[Film's  Straits,  unless  the  'I'reaty  is  lo  be  interpreted  as  re(plirin^'  fbe  boundary  line  to 

111'  ilrawn  fhrou'j,h  the  middle  of  those  Straits,  and  continued  through  the   Rosario 

Chaniii'l,   in    which    case  f]i(<   free  navigation  of   Ihe  whole  of    Fuca's   Straits  to   the 

cosfward  of  the  C;\nal  de  llaro  wonhl  he  at   iinies  a  (.'oiuhtion  essentially  necessary  to 

('iiiil)lc  British  or  .Vmeriean  vcnscIs,  as  the  case  may  b(\  to  enter  or  leave  the  channel 

riiiiiicctiiiu;  Fuca's  Straits  wiili  Ihe  wafers  of  the  iqiper  Gulf.     To  contend,  indeed,  that 

itliis  |)rovision  of  the  Trejify  wmild  be  consonant   to  an   infer[)refiitinn  of  the  Treaty, 

liBJuhicli  would  continiie  the  houndary  line  throiiyh    the  Canal  de  llaro,  is  to  deprive 

tln'  proviso  of  any  rafIon;il  meaning',  as  Americ;in  a'csscIs  would  possess  the  rii^'ht  of 

Baviii'afiiiii'  the  Straits  to  the  eastward  of  the  Cainil  de  llaro  Avithout  any  such  proviso, 

jaud  British  vessels  would  not  require  any  such   liberty  to  enable  them  to  enter  or 

[leave  the  Channel  tlirouu'b  whitdi  the  boundary  lino  is  to  pass  Irom  Fuca's  Straits  into 

Dcr  Gulf. 


Itho  waters  of  the  upjii'i 


The  Fourth  Rule  of  Inlcrpreldtion. 


The  Fourtli  Rule 
of  Interpretation. 


The  fourth  of  fhe  rul(>s  to  which  iler  Erifannie  ]\Iajesty's  Government  has  invited 
the  affeufion  of  His  Imperial  Majesty  is,  that  the  intrrprclittion  should  he  xuituble  to  the 
husQii  of  the  Treatij,  that  is  to  say,  the  motive  Avhieh  Iccl  to  the  making  of  it,  and  the 
bhjeet  in  contein))lation  at  the  time. 

"We  ought,"  says  A'attel  (section  287),  "  to  bo  veiy  certain  that  we  know  the  true 
Irnd  r.iilv  reason  of  the  law,  or  tlu;  Treatv.  In  matters  of  this  nature  it  is  not  allowable 
lo  indulge  in  vague  and  luicovtam  conjt>ctures,  and  to  sujiposo  reasons  and  views  where 
llierc  are  none  c(>rtainly  known.  If  the  piece  in  question  is  in  itself  obscure ;  if,  in 
Ner  to  discover  its  meaning  we  have  no  other  resource  than  the  investigation  of  the 
Riillior's  views  or  fhe  motives  ■  :' c  deed,  wc  may  then  bav("  recourse  to  conjeeture, 
(11(1  ill  default  of  absolute  c(>rtiiinfy  adopt,  as  the  true  meaning,  that  which  has  the 
Ji'eah'st  degree  of  probability  on  its  side.  Jhit  it  is  a  dangerous  abuse  to  go  Avithout  in 
»'ai'('li  of  motives  and  uncertain  views  in  order  to  wrest,  restrict,  or  ext(!ndtlie  meaning 
bf  the  deed,  A\hicli  is  of  itself  sufficiently  clear,  and  carries  no  absurdity  on  the  face 

Int." 

Now  the  liiotive  of  the  Treaty,  as  recited  in  tlie  l'reambh>  of  it,  was  to  terminate  ThemotiTeof  tfie 
state  of  doubt  and  uncertainty,  which  had  hitherto  prevailed  respecting  the  sove-  Treaty. 
|t'i;;ufy  and  goviH'nmont  of  the  territory  on  the  north-west  coast   of  America,  lying 

twai'd  of  the  llocky  ^lountains,  by  an  amicidile  compromise  of  the  rights  mutually  . 

fcserfcd  hy  the  two  parties  over  the  said  territory. 


12 


No  name  is  givon 
to  the  Channel. 


It  is  a  n'ason.'ihlc  ])reMimptioii  (Vom  tliis  Prcamblo,  tliat  Hor  Britannic  ^In josh's 
Govcmmcnt,  wliidi  drew  ii|i  tin-  ]»arai:ra;)li  oi'  (lie  'I'vcaty  of  JHlCi.  the  mcaiiini;  of 
which  is  ill  controversy,  hud  u  dcjinilc  {loniidtinj  line  In  vieir,  whidi  would  tcrniinatc  all 
doubt  and  uiic 'itainlv  as  to  tiic  limits,  witliin  which  llic  irspcctivt!  I'artics  to  tlu' 
Treaty  Avcrc  liciicct'orlli  to  exercise  riuliK  ol'  so\ci'cii;'iity. 

The  Treaty  of  isKi,  it  should  also  he  hornc  in  mind,  was  not  an  ordinary  Treaty  ol' 
Iriendship  (tr  alliance,  in  which  a  |)anmra|)h  n  spcetiii;;'  mutual  lioiuidaries  was  inscrtc;} 
amonj^st  i)araii;rai)hs  relevant    to  other   matters;   hut   it   was  a   'I'rcaty,  ol' wiiicli  tht  \ 
liriwari)  object  wti.s  llip  .setllriin-nt  of  a  hoiindmij  line,  and  it  would  h(>  unreasonaljlc  to 
attacii  a  va!?ue  and  uncertain  nieaninu;  to  any  words  descriptive  of  the  houn(hiry  line,  if  | 
such  words  are  suscei)tihle  ol"  a  tli'Jiitile  and  rirtiiin  mcii»in(j. 

It  is  not  too  inucli  to  say,  and  if  will  jtrohahly  not  he  disputed — fin-  it  lias  been  so 
The  object  of  thu  stated  by  one  of  tiic  most  cniineiit  of  .\meric;ui  statesmen — that  the  1,'reat  aim  of  the 
Treaty.  United  States  in  ISMJ  was  to  establish  the  I'.ltli  parallel  of  north  latitude  as  the  line  i.f 

boundary  on  the  western  side  of  the  lloeky  .Mountains,  '•  not  to  he  departed  J. -0111  for  imA 
line  further  south  on  the  Continent :"  and  that  with  rci-anl  to  straits,  sounds,  and  islaiiilsl 
in  the  neii;hh(nn-in^'  seas,  they  were  subjects  of  minor  importance,  to  be  dealt  with  iiial 
spirit  of  fairness  and  c(putv.  (Speech  of  .Mr.  Webster  before  the  Senate  of  tin;  L'iut('(l| 
States,  :March;5(),  is  Mi.) 

On  the  other  hand,  it  is  notorious,  and  it  is  also  ])iitent  on  the  face  of  the  Troatyl 
itself,  that  the  i;Tcat  aim  of  Her  ih'itannic  Majesty's  (lovernment  was  to  meet  the  vinvsl 
of  the  United  States'  Cioveriuncnt  in  rei,'ard  to  the  l!)th  parallel  of  north  latitude  witlil 
((.V  little  saerijire  an  posKihle  of  the  ri(jhts  heretofore  eiijoijed  In/  the  Hudson's  lUuj  CompawA 
and  other  British  subjects  in  thi'  waters  south  of  that  piiriillil. 

Now  it  is  a  remarkabh'  feature  of  the  Treaty  that   no  nnwr  is  i/irrn  to  the  Chamfll 
to  the  middle  of  which  the    l!)th  ])!n-allel  of  north  latitude  was  to  be  continued  altirl 
leavini,'  tlie  Continent,  and  lhron!,di  the  middle  of  which  it  was  to  be  drawn   sonthcilv 
after  beini^  deih'cted  from  that    parallel.     The  channel  is  described  as  "the  Chauiul 
separatinij;  the  Continent  from  Vancouver's  Island,"  and  the  line  is  sim])ly  directed  t" 
he  dmwn  "  southerly  throut^h  the  middle  of  the  said  Chann(>l  and  of  i:'uea's  Straits.'l 
The  presumption  arisiiii,'  from  litis  description  of  i1   is  that   the  Channel  intended  b\j  ik\ 
Treaty  was  the  onlp  Channel  then  used  by  sea-ijoimj  vessels,  and  that  it  had  no  distinyui.stiml 
name,  hut  that  upon  the  fac(>  of  the  charts  then  in  use,  it   would  readiiy  answer  tliel 
description  ^iven  of  it  in  the  Treaty,  and  would  admit  of  the  l)oundary  line  heiiii;! 
deflected  and  continued  throuu:li  the  middle  of  it  and  of  I'uca's  Straits  to  the  raciticl 
Ocean. 

Chart  No.  3.  It  'will  he  seen  by  His  Imjit-rial  Majesty,  on  an  examination  of  Vancouver's  ClinilJ 

which  was  the  most  accurate  chart  known  to  Her  Britannic;  ilajesty's  (lOvernment  at 
the  time  M'hen  tlic  Treaty  was  made,  and  which  was  the  Chart  under  the  consideratioLl 
of  Her  Britannic  ^Fajesty's  Govenim(>nt  when  they  framed  the  1st  Article  of  tlifl 
Treaty,  that  the  name  of  the  Gulf  of  Cieoriria  is  assiii;ned  in  that  Chart  to  the  whole  o/l 
the  interior  sea,  which  separates  the  Continent  I'rom  th(>  ii'roup  of  islands,  the  chief  oil 
which  is  called  Quadra  and  N'ancouver's  Island,  such  beiiiti;  the  name  of  the  largesil 
island  at  the  time  wIumi  the  chart  was  constructed,  and  that  no  distinguishing  name^ 
assigned  either  to  the  channel  up  which  Vancouv(>r  sailed  to  the  mn-thward,  or  to  tliel 
portion  of  the  Gulf  in  the  19th  jiarallel  of  north  latitude.  Her  ^Majesty's  (loveriinionil 
accordini^ly  contends — (1)  that  the  boimdarjdine,  which  is  directed  by  the  Treaty  to  liel 
continued  westward  alouLj  the  19th  jiarallel  of  north  latitude  to  the  middle  of  a  cliannolf 
without  any  distingnishini''  name,  and  thence  southerly  throuifh  the  middle  of  the  saiiil 
channel  and  of  Fuca's  Straits,  is  intended  by  the  words  of  the  Treaty  to  be  drawn! 
through  the  middle  of  a  channel  which  liad,  at  that  time,  no  distinguishing  name;  anif 
(2)  that,  as  the  channel  now  called  the;  Kosario  Strait  is  found  in  the  charts  of  tiwl 
period  (1846)  without  any  distinguishing  name  assigned  to  it,  and  in  other  respcctsl 
corresponding  Avith  the  requirements  of  the  Treaty,  such  channel  ought  to  be  prefcrrei 
to  the  Canal  de  llaro,  Avliich  bore  a  distingiushing  name  at  that  period. 

Her  Britannic  Majesty's  Government  contends,  on  this  part  of  the  case,  tliatt 
draw  the  line  through  the  middle  of  the  Avaters  distinguished  in  ^'^ancouver's  Cbai| 
from  the  Channel,  through  Avhich  he  sailed,  by  the  name  of  the  "Canal  do  Arro,"aiil 
which  waters  are  repn^sented  in  that  ('hai-t  as  unsurveyed,  would  be  to  continue  thJ 
line  not  through  "  the  said  ClianiKd" — that  is,  a  Channel  Avithoiit  any  distingnisliina 
name — hut  through  a  channel  Avhich,  at  the  time  the  Treaty  Avas  made,  Avas  distill 
guished  byname  from  the  channel  surveyed  liy  \aneouver.  No  reason  can  avcIH 
assigned,  if  such  a  channel  Avas  contemplated  by  both  iiarties,  Avhy  it  should  nothavi 
been  designated  by  its  distinguishing  name  to  prevent  all  uncertainty. 


18 


it  has  Ix'on  sn 
•nt  aim  of  llie 

as  the  lint'  of 
(/  j-'oiii  for  (i/ij 
(Is",  and  islands  I 
(loalt  with  iin 

of  the  United  I 

•  of  th('  Tronty 
mcft  tlu!  views 
h  lilt itudo  with 
's  lUiy  Compam 

I  /o  the  Clwuml 

(•oi\tin\ii'(l  alter  I 
lnn\n   southerly 
;  "  tilt"  Channel  1 
inply  (lii'CTtcdtiil 

riu'a's  Straits." 
'  iiitrnded  by  thtl 

no  (li.st'nKjuishim 
adily  answer  tliol 
idarv  lino  hoiMl 

s  to  the  raeilici 


iiicouYcr's  Clunll 
^  (i()V(>rnnunit  :itl 
llu'  (Hmsidcratioiil 
[  Article   of  tliel 
rt  to  the  whole  oil 
lids,  the  chief  ol 
of  the  largest 
tKjuishimj  mme'm 
nvard,  or  to  tlie 
ty"s  (JovernmcBil 
the  Treaty  to  kl 
die  of  a  channell 
liddle  of  the  saiil 
•aty  to  he  ih9.n\ 
shiui;;  name ;  and 
the  charts  of  tM 
m  other  resi)ect 
it  to  he  preforrc' 

the  case,  that 

Tancouver's  Clia' 

ina\  dc  Arro,"  aw 

to  continue  thi 
nv  disthisuislim 
uiade,  was  distin] 
oa-son  can  well 
it  should  not  hafl 


But  it  may  he  said,  that  there  is  evidence  that  the  Canal  de  llaro  was  contemplated 

jv  the  L'nitcd  States'  Government,  and  that  they  had  charts  in  their  possession,  which 

fctislicd  them  that  it  was  a  iiavisjjahle  and  safe  ehannel,  equally  as  the  eliannel  along 

iiicli  N'ancouver  sailed.     Tlie  re|)ly  to  such  an  ari,'ument  is  not  far  to  seek.     If  it  can 

'  cstahlished  that  one  of  the   ])arties   to  the   Treaty  had   knowledge  only  of  cmo 

iiiviu'alile  Channel  corres|)oiuling  to  the  provisions  of  the  Treaty,  the  fact  that  th»! 

Ltlier  party  was  aware  of  another  navi^'ahle  Channel  c.nild   never  justify  such  an 

itei'pretatiou  heiiig  given  to  the  Treaty,  as  should  hind  the  former  to  accept  the  Treaty 

n  ;i  sense  of  w  hieh  it  did  not  know  it  to  he  capahle,  Avhen  the  Treaty  may  he  inter- 

rited  in  a  sense  in  which  hoth  ])arties  were  aware  that  it  was  capahle  of  heing 

itei'im'ted.     The  reason  of  the  thinij  is  against   such  an  interpretation,  as  has  heen 

osed  to  hi'  given  to  the  Treaty  on  the  part  of  the  United  States'  Government. 

Tiiere  is  a  further  reason,  why  the  Canal  do  llaro  does  not  satisfy  the  language 

tiie  Treaty. 

The  couinieneement  of  the  houudary  line,  which  is  to  be  dmwn  southerly,  is 

N'lihed  in  the   Treaty  as  lu'ing   in   a    Channel  under  the  49th   parallel  of  north 

titude;  hut  a  glance  at  the  chart  will  satisfy  His  Imperial  ^Majesty  that  the  Canal 

llaro  cannot,  in  any  proper  sense  of  the  words,  he  held  to  commence  under  that 

H-.iUel.     it  has  a  distinct  commencement  hetween  Satunui  Island  and  I'atos  Island, 

lldei'  a  lower  parallel.     It  has,  therefore,  not  onUj  a  (listinguis/iing  name,  hut  it  has  its 

sicdl  chiirarleristics  which  distintjuish  it  from  the  channel  described  in  the  l^'caty  of 

[ill  as  identical  with  the  channel  under  the  ti)th  parallel  of  north  latitude. 


The  Fifth  Rule  of  Interpretation. 

The  fifth  rule  of  interpretation,  to  which  llcr  Britannic  Majesty's  Government 
invited  the  attention  of  His  Imperial  Majesty  is,  that  Treaties  are  to  be  interpreted 
favourable  rather  than  in  an  odious  sense. 

"We  are  not  to  ]n'esume,"  says  ^'attel  (sec.  30),  "without  any  strong  reasons  that 

of  the  Contracting  Parties  intended  to  favour  the  other  to  his  own  prejudice,  but 

e  is  no  danger  in  extending  w  hat  is  iov  the  common  advantage.     If,  therefore, 

appcns  that  tlie  Contracting  i'aiiies  have  not  made  kntiwn  their  will  with  sufficient 

niess  and  with  all  th(>  necessary  precision,  it  is  certainly  more  conformable  to 

tyto  seek  for  that  will  in  Mie  sense  most  favourable  to  equality  and  the  common 

'antage." 

Now,  it  may  he  stated  by  Her  !Maj(>sty's  Government  without  fear  of  contradiction, 

,  at  the  time  when  the;  Treaty  of  18 KJ  was  signed  at  Washington,  no  charts  were  in 

l)y  those,  who  navigated  the  interiin-  sea  between  the  Continent  and  Vancouver's 

11(1,  Imt    ^'aneouvel•'s    Chart,  and    ])()ssil)ly   a    Spanish    Chart  purjiorting    to   bo 

tiucted  in  1795  upon  the  surveys  made  by  the  "Sutil"  and  "  Mcxicana."     Of  the 

IT  chart,  indeed.  Her  liritannic  ilajesty's  Government  had  no  certain  knowledge 

.HtC,  for  the  only  Spanish  chart  of  those  waters,  mIucIi  is  to  be  found  in  the  archives 

lie  J3ritisli  Admiralty  at  "Whitehall,  did  not  come  into  its  possession  until  1819. 

either,  however,  of  those  Charts  are  there  any  soundings  of  a  navigable  passage 

iis;li  the  Canal  de  Haro.     It  is  true,  indeed,  that  in  the  Spanish   Chart   some 

(lings  are  given  of  Cordova  Channel,  in  which  the  boats  of  the  "  Sutil  "  and 

exicaua"  ajjpear  to  have  crept  (dose  along  the  shore  ;  but  there  are  no  soiuidings 

lido  a  vessel  out  of  the  Canal  de  Haro  into  any  jiart  of  the  iip])er  waters,  which 

iOiith  of  49°  parallel  of  north  latitude.     An  interpretation,  theretbre,  of  the  Treaty, 

h  would  declare  the  Canal  de  llaro  to  be  the  eliannel,  down  which  the  boundary 

is  to  be  earned,  would  be  to  declare  that  Her  Britannic  Majesty's  Goveriuneut 

it  concluded  the  Treaty  of  ISIG  intended  to  favour  the  United  States'  Government 

own  prejudice,  ior  it  would  be  t.)  declare  that  Her  Britannic  Majesty's  Government 

ided  tn  abandon    the  use  of  the  only  channel  leading  to  its  own  possessions,  which 

ewto  h(>  navigable  and  safe,  and  to  contine  itself  to  the  use  of  a  channcd  respc^iing 

1  it  had  no  assurance  that  it  was  even  navigable  in  its  upper  waters  for  sea-going 

K  nay,  res])ecting  Avhich  it  is  not  too  much  to  say,  that  Her  Britannic  Majesty's 

nniient  had  a  linn  belief  that  it  iras  a  dangerous  strait.     On  the  other  hand,  an 

relation  Avhieli  would  declare  Vancouver's  Channel,  now  distinguished  by  the 

the  Jvosario  Strait,  to  be  the  eDinmou  boundary,  will  give  to  both  Parties  the 

l'  a  Clianuel,  Avhieli  was  known  to  both  Parties  at  the  time  when  the  Treaty  was 

to  he  a  navigable  and  safe  ehannel.     The  two  Parties  in  respect  of  such  an 

'leliitiou  would  be  idaccd  in  a  position  of  eciuality. 

10,1]  D 


The  Fifth  Rule  of 
Interpretation. 


A  favourable  inter- 
pretation to  be  prt- 
ferrcd  to  an  odious 
interpretation. 


The  Charts  in  use 
in  184C. 

Chart  No.  2. 


Tho  Sixth  Rule  of 
Interpretation. 


The  preiumption  in 
in  favour  of  tho 
poiieiior  of  u 
thing. 


Chart  No.  2. 


14 

The  tiulU  Hulv  of  Interpretation. 

Tho  sixlli  Kult'  oi"  Intcrpn'tiitioii,  which  is  a  (Mii'oihirv  l<>  tiic  next  itrtTi'din;;  luiui 
siml  which  is  also  submitted  to  tin-  at.ciitiini  of  His  fjin)crial  ^lajcsty,  is  that,  in  r«*(.  J 
(loiil)t,  till'  iircsioiipllou  is  !'•  ftivoiir  of  llir  pos.sfs.'ior  of  a  Ihinij ;  in  other  words,  tiic  pniiJ 
who  (MKh-avom-H  to  avoid  a  h)ss  has  a  hcttcr  cause  to  siipiiorl,  tiiaii  he  who  aiiii^ 
ubtaiitiii^  an  advuntai;e, 

[t  has  heen  ah'eady  said  that  the  Channel  in  use  in  IHIO,  and  the  only  L'luiiiinl 
in  use  hy  Uritish  vessels  naviu;atini,'  from  the  Straits  of  Fnca   to  the  stations  ol' thj 
Hudson's  Hay  Company  on  I'ra/.cr's  liiver  and  elsewhere  north  of  the   li)th  parallel 
north  latitiuh',  was  the  channel  surveyed  hy  \  iuie.iuver,  and  of  which  sounding's; 
jLfiven  in  his  Chart. 

The  (iovernmeiit  of  the  United  States  contends  I'nr  an  intcr|)retation  ol'theTn;! 
irhicli  irill  (ll.spos.icss  British  fpssels  of  lite  iisi-  of  ////<  rliiiniiel.     'i'here  is  no  c\  ideiicc 
the  other  hand  that  the  Cunal  (h-  llaro  was  used  hv  ve^sels  of  the  I'nited  States  pnj 
to  the  Treaty  of  IS  lU. 

Jler   Jh-itannie   Majesty's  (ioverinneut,  on   the  ntlier  hand,  is  not  ((intendiiii; 
an  interpretation  of  the  Treaty,  which  will  (h'prive  the  citi.'.eiis  of  the  I'niled  Stntf 
any  riu;ht  hahitually  exercised  hy  them   ()ri(ir  to  the  Treaty.      If,  indeed,  the  Ijiuij 
States'   (iovernmeni    had  knowledi^c  from   impul)lislic(l  surveys  ur  otlierwise.  jii'ldr; 
the  Treaty  of  181(1,  that   the.  Canal   de    llarii  was  a   ii;i\  i^ahle  and  safe  c'li'iiiicl, 
cannot  he  denied  that  citizens  of  the   United  Slates,  if  lliey  u>-ed  any  ehaniicl  jit 
prior  to  IHIO,  made  use  of  the  cliannel  now  called  the  liosario  Si  rail.     J I  is  sidjiiiii; 
accordiiiijly  to    Jlis    Imperial    ^Majesty,  that   an    inlcriirctation  df   llie  Treaty,  uliiij 
declares   tlu"   Jtosario    Strait    to    he    tlie   (diannel,  lhroui,di  the  middle    of   wliicli  tj 
boundary  line  is  to  he  drawn,  will  continue  to  .\m('rican  citizens  the  lull  eiijovni': 
of  such  rii;'hts  of  iiaviiiation  as  were  exercised  liy  them  jn-ior  to  the  Treaty,  wliiKij 
dccdaration  in  favour  of  the  claim  of  the  I'nited  Suites  will  strip  Hrilish  sniijcci 
correspondin;^  rii^hts.      Whcrvrer  there  ix  doubtful  riijhl ,  It  is  Ic  s  re/.tujiiunl  /o  fiyui/jj 
withhold  from   a   rluiiiiuiil   the   niini/nient   of  a    thiiuj.    irhirh   he  has    ii'vrr  posses/ted,  III 
to  strip  the  pogsesKOr  of  a  thinij,  of  whirh  he  hax  habitualli/  had  the  enjoyment. 

The  (piestion  wliether  any  third  channel,  other  than  iiic  liosario  Strait 
Canal  de  llaro,  would  satisfy  the  requirements  of  the  Treaty  (d'  ISMi  lias  not  l>.^ 
touched  upon  hy  Her  Britannic  .Majesty's  (Jovernment   for  these  rci 
others,  that  the  existence  ol"  anv  intermediate  navi^ahle  (diann(d  was  ui 


isons—  aiiKiuj 
iknowi 


\\\  to  IxJ 

the  Contnietinj;'  Parties  at  the  time  wluii  the  Treaty  of  IS  Mi  was  sii^ned,  iiiid 
(Jovernment  of  the  United  States  has  never  contended  for  any  such  channel.  Jii'sii 
ller  Britannic  Majesty's  Ciovermnent  presunn-s  that  the  true  interpretation  ol' 
Treaty  of  I8l(i  is  to  he  .sought  rebus  sic  stai'libus,  that  is,  upon  the  stale  of  facts  kiiuij 
to  both  parties  at  the  time  when  the  Treaty  of  181(j  was  concluded. 

On  the  ahoA'c  considerations  of  I'aot  and  of  public  law,  Her  Jhitannic  -Majc^i. 
Government  submits  to  His  Iniiicrial  ]\lajcsty  that  (he  claim  of  Her  Hn'tiiiil 
Majesty's  Government  that  the  porticm  of  the  lioundary  iine  wliich,  under  tlii  M. 
of  the  Treaty  of  I'Ah  .lune,  islC,  mns  soulherly  throuj;li  the  middle  of  the  Cliait 
■which  separates  the  Continenl  Irom  A'ancouver  Island,  .should  he  run  tliroiii;!, 
Eusario  Strait,  is  vidid,  and  oiisjht  to  he  ])referred  to  the  claim  of  the  GovL-rmiij 
of  the  United  States,  that  it  should  be  run  through  the  Canal  de  Haro. 


I  ofTcr  t( 

lor 
^Iiicli  is 


Recapitulation  of 
Facts. 


Appendix  No.  2. 


Recapitulation  of  Facts. 

The  considerations  of  fact  may  h(!  hrietly  recapitulated  : — 

1.  That  the  Channel,  uow  desi^^nated  as  the  liosario  Strait  in  British  el 
which  desin;natiou  embraci'd  the  Chamud  to  .the  north  a.s  Avell  as  the  soidli  oil 
■tOth  parallel  of  north  latitude  in  S])aiush  charts,  was  the  only  Channel  hetwooD] 
Continent  and  Vancouver  Island  generally  known  and  commonly  used  hy  ,sca-L"| 
vessels  at  the  time  when  the  Tn^aty  of  15th  .lune,  I8t(i,  was  made,  and  that  tlicivj 
"The  Channcd,"  in  the  signification  which  rommnu  unaije  ;itrixed  to  them  at  that  t^ 
denoted  those  waters. 

2.  That  tho  context  of  the  tir.st  and  seeniid  ])ara!iTaplis  of  Arlicle   I  of  lln' 
of  15th  .Tune,  IHKi,  requires  that  the  boundary  line  should  be  continued  tluoiiL'l! 
middle  of  a  Channel  .so  «.v  to  enter  the  head-u-aters  of  Fuea's  Straits,  Avhich  is  ])ra(li(5| 
if  the  line  shouhl  be  run  throui,'li  tho  liosario  Strait,  but  is  impracticable,  if  its!' 
be  run  through  the  Canal  do  Uaro. 


ir. 


3,  TImt  tlio  proviso  in  the  third  pamtcrapli  ol"  Arlicli    I,  wliicli  sr-cuiTs  to  ritlior 

Ipartv  till-  I'roc  iiavii,'iiti()ii  nl'  the  whole  of  Hiini's  Slrtiils,  is  iiilcllii;ililt',  as  a  necessary 

[im'i'niition,  il'  tlio  Itoiindary  line    is   to   be   run   tliroiiu'li  the    llosario   Strait,   hut   in 

hmiM'ci'ssary  and  uurcasoualih',  if  th<>  Imundary  line  is  to  he  run  throu-^li  the  Canal  dc 

Ilnrn. 

|.,  That  a  hounchiry  line  run  thriiuu;h  liio  niiddh*  of  tho  riiauncl,  now  callod  tlio 
Rnsnri"  Strait,  satisfies   the   ureal  aim,  wliicli    citiicr  party  liad   in  view   prior  to  the 

Hist  ill 

Vf.inlbi'tl  Ihiin  (!■•<  it 


ion  of  lilt'  TiwJ 
is  no  I'vidfiiw  (J 
uiti'd  States  [mi 


Jusion  oi"  the  Treaty  ol"  tlie    lotli    .lime,  IHKi;    and    as  that    Channel    had    no 
'uisliiiiu'  name  at    tlie  time  when  the  Treaty  was  made,  //  roiild  not  ho  othrnrise 


ihnl  111  the  Tieaiii.     On  (lie  oilier  hand  the  Canal  de  II 


aro 

[ad  il   (listinifuishini;  name,  and    there  was  no  reason,  il"  the   Canal    de    llaro  was 
intoinplated  hy  Imtli  the  llii,'li  (.'ontractint,'  I'arties  at  the  time  when  the  Treaty  was 
nade,  why  it  slmuid  not  have  lieen  deserihed  hy  its  distinL:;iiishini,'  name  to  prevent  all 
bnccrtninty. 

Tiiat   a   line  of  houndary  run   liiroii'^h   the  middle  ol"  tlie   iJosario   Strait,  in 

jfcnnlanee  with  tlie  knowled^'c,  which  both  tlie  llii;'h  Contraetini;-  I'arties  possessed  at 

Hie  time  when  ilie  Treaty  of  loth  .liine,  I^^IO,  was  made,  would  have  been  lavoiirahle 

ilvitli  I'artic'-.  whereas  a  line  of  houndary  run  throuu,!)  the  Canal  de  llaro  imiild  huvp 

rd  llrr   nrlli'imir  Mdjpylii  of  n   rii/ht  of  iirrrss  tn  her  mm  possrssloiis  throuu^li  the 

ilv  llien  known  iiaviuahle  and  sate  channel. 

That    it   is  more  in  accordance  with  e(|iiity  that    His   lm])erial  ^faje  .ty  should 

ironiiimei'  in   lavour  of  the  claim  ol'  IFer   Mritaiinic  Majesty's  ([overnmeiit,  than   in 

hvdiir  of  the  claim  of  the   ( iovcnimciit  of  the   L'nited  States,  as  a   decision  of  Tfis 

hiipi'i'iiil   Majesty  deelariim'  the  liosario  Strait  to  he  the  Channel   tllroll^•h  which  the 

ouiidiiry  line  is  to  lie  run.  will  coiitiiiiie  to  citizens  of  the   l'nited  States  th     I'ree  us(> 

'  tlic  only  Channel  navii;'atcd  hy  their  vessels  prior  to  the  Treaty  of  l.'tth  .);mio,  18M5 ; 

liilst  a  declaration  of  His  lmp(>rial  .Majesty  in  favour  of  the  claim  of  the  (Joverumeut 

ftlic  l'nited  States  //•///  ilcjhivi'  Billish  siihjrrls  of  rii/hts  of  nfiv'iijntinn,  of  irlilch  theij  have 

vd  llie  hiihiliKil  nijojivicnt  from  the  time  when  the  liosario  Strait  was  lirst  explored 


ndM 


ii'veved  hv  >'ancoiiver. 


l?ritaiiiiic  yhp 
1   of   llcr   Hi'itiikl 


Tlic  evidi'uce,  which  ller  Jiritannic  Majesty's  Government  has  thou£»lit  it  proper 
loffcrto  the  consideralioii  of  His   Imperial  ^lajesty  in  support  of  the  present  case, 

for  the  conveni' lice  of  His  huperial  .Majesty,  l)(;en  collected  in  an  Appendix, 
Hiicli  is  aimexed  tiierelo. 


D  2 


APPENDIX. 


19 


APPENDIX. 


No.  I. 

Adicks  XXXIV  to  XLII  vj  lln  'i\;iiiii  luiitrm.  Ureal  flrildin.  und  /In;  United  Siaks  of  America,  aigwd 

lit  W'tisliiinitoii,  on  t/ir  Sth  Met//,  1871. 

AUTICLK  XXXI V. 

WHEREAS  it  waa  stiimlatcd  liy  Aiiicki  ]  of  tliu  Troiity  coiicliuled  at  Washington  on  the  loth  of 

June.  l.S-W,  liL'twuen  Her  Uritaiuiic  Majesty  and  tho  Unitcil  Slates,  tlial  tiio  line;  ol'  boundary  between 

tlif  IfiTJIiirics   (if  tlie   United   States   and    tliosc  oi'  Hci'   I'.rilannic,    Majesly,    from   tiie  jioint   on   the 

4'.i|li  inuiiilel  of  Mirth  latitude    ii|i  to  wliieli  it  has  ah-eady  lieen  aseertained,  siiould  be  continued  vest- 

M;inl  aloiio   th>'   said  ]iarallel  (if  ncn'th   latitude  "  !o   the  middle   of  tlie  elianuel   which  se|iarat(^s  the 

(diiliucul  from  Vancouver's  Island,  and    thence   siaitherly,  tlimuuh  the  middle  (if  the  said  channel  and 

[fit  I'nia   Straits,  to   the   I'aeitie  Deean  ;"  and  wliereas  the  Comniissioners  aii]iointed   iiy  the  two  Hich 

(   iitrailiiiti  Parties  to(letcrnniie  that  ]iortiiin  (if  the  boundary  whicii  runs  siaitherly  tin'oni;!!  the  nii(hllc 

i(il  the  I  hannel  aforesaid  weri^   unalile   to   agree   niion   the  same;  and  wherea.s  liie  (iovernment  of  Her 

'.iil;iiiiiic  Majesty  claims  that  such  boiuidary  line  should,  under  the  tei'nis  of  the  Treaty  above  recited, 

■  nai  through  the  Kosarid  Stniits  ;  and  the'  (Iovernment  of  the  Tniled  States  claims  ijiat  it  .should  lie 

nil  tlinnigh   the   Canal   de   Haro,  it   is   agreed   that   the   re.siiective  claims  of  the  <  ioverinucnt  of  Tier 

itiinuic  Majesty  and  of  the  (iovernment  of  the  I'nited  States,  shall  be  sidmiitted    to   th(!  arbitration 

ii.l  award  of  His   Majesty  the   Eni])eriir  of  (lerniany,  who,  having  regard   for  the  aliove-mentioned 

nidi!  of  the  .said  Treaty,  shall  decide  thereuiion,  hnally  and  withotit  ai>iiea],  which  of  tlio.se  claims  i.s 

ii">t  in  accordance  ^^■ith  (he  true  inlerpivtation  of  the  treaty  of  June  lo,  18411. 

AKTICLE  XXXV. 

Tlie  award  of  His  Majesty  the  Kinjieror  of  Germany  shall  be  considered  as  aksolutelv  final  and 
«'iirlusive;  and  full  effect  shall  be  given. to  such  award  without  any  objection,  eva.sion,  or  delay  what- 
hicvcr.  S\u'h  decision  shall  be  given  in  writing  and  dated  ;  it  shall  bo  ill  whatsoever  form  Hi.s  Majesty 
hiiy  cliiKwe  to  ado])t ;  it  shall  be  delivered  to  the  I'e]iresentatives  or  other  public  Agents  of  ('ireat 
Biiiiiiii  luid  of  the  rnited  States  resjiei^tively,  who  may  be  actually  at  Berlin,  and  shall  he  eonsidered 
Itiipcnilive  from  the  liay  uf  the  date  of  the  delivery  thereof. 

AI.'TICLE  XXXVI. 

Hie  written   or  iirinted  case  of  each  of  the  two  parties,  accompanied  by  the  evidence  offered  in 
hplnirt  of  the  .same,  shall  be  laid  liefore  His  Jlajesty  the  Emperor  of  Cerniaiiv  within  six  months  from 
hv  iliite  of  the  exchange  of  the  ratilications  of  this  Treaty,  and  a   cupv  of  such   ease  and  evidence 
lie   coniiuuiiicated    by  each    I'arty   lu    the   other,    tliroicdi    their    resiiective    Ke|ire.sentntivus   at 

k'liai. 

■flic  High  Contracting  Parties  may  include   in   the  evidence  to  be  considered    bv   the  Arbitrator, 

'liiliicaiuents,  ollii'ial  ciinvspiaidence,  and  other  (itlicial  or  ]mblic  statements  bearing  on  the  .subject 

reference  as  tiiey  may  consider  necessary  lo  the  .suiiiiort  of  their  respectixc  ca.ses. 

Alter  the  written  or  printed  ease  .shall  have  been  eomniuniealed  bv  each    Partv  to  llie  other,  each 

hiiv  ,«li;dl  have,  the  iiower  of  drawing  mi  and   laying  before   the  .Vrbitrator  a  .siroiid  and   detiiiitive 

biliMicm,  if  it  think   tit  to  do  so,  in   reply  to  the  case  of  the  other  J'artv  so  coininunicaled,  which 

llmiiivc  .statement  shall  be  so  laid  behnv  the  Arbitrator,  and  al.so  be  mutu'ally  coniiinmicaleil  in  the 

pir  iiiaiiuer  as  aforesaid,  by  each   jiarty  to   the  other,  within   six   mmitlis   frum  the  date  or'  laviiiL,' the 

fi-l -liteiuciit  of  the  case  before  the  Arbitrator. 


Api)i'ii(li.\, 
No.  I. 


AliTlCI.F,  .W'XVII. 

',  intheca.se  .submitted  lo  the  Arbitrator,  either  Party  shall  spccifv  or  allude  to  anv  repdii  oi 
[tiiiiH'nl  ill  its  own  exclusive  jiossession  without    aiine\ing  a   eopv,  such  i'anv  shall  be  bmiud,  if  the 

M- Party  thinks  jiroper  to  apply  for  it,  to  furnish  that  'party  with  a  co]iy  thereof,  and  either  Partv 
f.v  call  u)iiiu  the  other,  through  the  Arbitrator,  to  produce 'the  (in'uinal.s  or  ccrtilied  cnpies  (if  auv 
Rw  (iddaeed  as  evidence,  giving  in  each  instance  such  reasonabl'e  notice  us  the  Arliilrali.r  ma'v 
I'liiv.  And  if  the  Ailiitraliir  should  desire  further  elucidation  or  evidence  with  regard  lo  aii\  jiMiiu 
■liMiH'il  ill  the  statements  laid  behire  him.  he  shall  be  at  liberty  to  reipiire  it  from   either  Par'l\,  mid 

*ill  he  at  liberty  to  hear  one  counsel  or  iigeiil  fn-  uach  Parlv,  in  relation  tn  any  matb^r.  and  at  such 

'i'.  iiiiil  ill  such  manner  a.s  he  niav  think  lit. 


Appendix. 


No  ;i. 


I  : 


20 

ARTICLE  XXXVIII. 

TliP  IJejii'i'scntntivcs  nr  otlior  jnililic  Afjuiits  of  (ireiit  Britain  and  of  the  United  States  at  nerlin  i 
n'.i])i'i'tivi'ly,  shall  In'  ('(iiisidcriMl   as   thi'  AitiMits  nt'  their  r('s]u'(;tivo  (iciv('niim'nt.s  to  condurt  their  (imm 
het'orc  the  Arliitrator,  wlm  shall  lu>  re(|iipstud  to  address  all  his  eoiiiiiiunications,  and  f;ivo  all  liis  M(]tii_ti  I 
to  sueh   liejiresentatives  or  other  i]nlilie  Aj,'ents,  who  shall  represent  their  respective  Govermueuu 
{generally  in  all  matters  toinieeted  with  the  arbitration. 

Aim    ..E  XXXIX. 

It  shall  he  i'oni]ietenl  to  the  Arhitrator  lo  jn'oceed  in  the  said  arhitration,  and  all  matters  rt'liitiii.- 
the''  ■,  as  and  when  he  shall  see  lit,  either  in  jierson,  or  hv  a  jierson  or  jiersons  named  liy  him  t'orlli:; 
]air|)nse,  either  in  the  ]ireseiiee  or  ahsenee  of  either  (M'  holli  AL,'ents,  either  orally  or  hy  writtit 
disenssion,  or  otherwise. 

AltTU'l.K  XL. 

Tla^  Ariiiiratiir  may.  if  ho  ihinh  til,  aii]itiint  a  Seeretary  or  Clerk,  for  the  pin']ioses  of  the  proiiosui 
nrliitrntion,  at  sncii  rale  of  remiineriitinn  ;is  lie  shall  think  ])ro|ier.  This,  mal  all  other  expenses  ui'  im; 
eoinieeted  with  the  said  arhitration,  shall  he  provided  for  a.s  hereinafter  stiiailated. 

AHTICLE  XLL 

The.  Arhitratca'  shall  he  reipiested  to  deliver,  toLjether  with  his  award,  an  account  of  all  the  cii.i. 
and  exjienses  which  he  may  have  heen  ])Ut  to  in  relation  to  this  matter,  which  shall  forthwith  he  ri'|i;i:: 
liy  the  two  (lovennnents  in  eipial  moieties. 

AKTICLK  XI,  1 1. 

Tiie  Arliitrator  shall  lie  reiiucsled  to  t,'ive  hi.s  award  in  writing  as  early  as  convenient  alter  tl 
whole  ea.se  an  each  side  .shall  have  been  laid  before  liiui,  and  to  deliver  one  copy  tliereof  to  each  of  i!h 
said  A','ents. 


No.  II. 

Cup;/  ('/  Tiiiil//  bitirnit  llnal  Brituiii  and  tlir  I'liilcil  S/ii/iv  nf  Aliicrial,  ■sii/iud.  at  Wdn/iiiiytuii,  on  th' 

15^/(  ,//(««■,  184(1. 

[Hiilijiidlion-'i  v.irliaiKjcd  (tt  JaxiiIi'II,  Ji'lii  17,  IH-tli.] 

llKl!  llajesty  liie  t.Uu'en  of  the  I'nlied  Kinplom  of  (Ireat  Ih-itain  and  Ireland  and  the  Unit' 
Slates  of  America,  deemiiii;  it  to  lie  desiralile  Ibr  the.  fntnre  welfare  of  both  conntries  that  the  stiitc 
(hailil  and  niieertainty  which  has  hitherto  jaevailed  resjiecliiiL;  liie  Suvereiirnty  and  (iovernnienl  nt  I; 
Territory  on  the  \orth-wesl  t'oast  of  America,  lyin.i;  westward  of  the  lioeky  or  Stony  Mouianii,' 
shonld  lie  linally  terminated  liy  an  amicable  eoiiiproniise  of  the  rij,'hts  mutually  a.s.serted  by  tin.' l» 
Tarties  over  the  s;iid  Territury,  have  respectively  named  l'leni]iotentiaries  to  treat  and  agree  concunii::. 
the  terms  of  such  settlement ,  that  is  to  say  : — 

Her  Majc^ly  the  (,bu'en  of  tlie  I'nited  Kin^'dom  ol'dicat  liritain  and  Ireland  ha.s,  on  Her  j  r 
ap|ioiiited  tile  lliuhl  lloiioinable  llichai'd  I'akenhani,  a  .Member  ot  Her  Majesty's  Most  Hoiiiiiirii!/ 
I'ii\y  t'liuneil.  and  Her  Majesty's  Knvoy  Kxtraoiilinary  and  Minister  l'leni|Mitenliary  to  the  liii!" 
Slates;  and  tlie  President  of  the  Tnited  Slates  of  America  has.  on  his  ]iarl,  funuslied  with  \i 
jiowers,  .lames  linehanan.  Secretary  of  State  of  the  I'liiled  States  ;  who,  after  havinj;  comniunicatcil: 
each  other  their  res)ieetive  fall  jiowers,  found  in  j,'ood  and  due  Ibrm,  have  ai^reeil  upon  and  coiiclui!( 
the  followiuji  Articles  :— 

AltTlCLK  I. 

From  the  ])oinl  on  the  Ibrty-innth  parallel  of  north  latitude,  where  the  boundary  laid  dimii ; 
existiui;  'freaties  and  Conventions  between  (!reat  Britain  and  the  I'nited  States  terminates,  the  liiir 
lionialary  between  the  territories  of  Her  Rritamiic  Majesty  i>nd  those  of  the,  Cnited  States  sliali ' 
continued  westward  aloni:  tiie  said  forty-ninth  jiarallel  of  north  latitude,  to  the  nndclle  of  the  cii.imiJ 
which  separatesthe  eoiitiuent  from  Vancouver's  Island  ;  :\ial  thence  southerly,  throuj,'h  the  middle  d  i!| 
said  ciiannel,  and  of  fiica's  Straits,  to  the  I'aeitic  Ocean:  ]irovideil,  however,  tiiat  the  navii;atioii  nl  i 
whole  of  the  said  channel  and  straits,  south  of  the  forty-ninth  jiarallel  of  north  latitude,  reuiniii  I: 
and  open  Lo  both  I'arlies. 

ARTICLE  II. 

Krom  the  jioint  at  which  the  forty-ninth  ],aallel  of  north  latitude  shall  be  found  to  inteix'di 
<,'reat  northern  liranch  of  the  (.'oliuuhia  Itiver,  the  navigation  of  the  said  branch  shall  be  free  ami  !]■ 
to  the  Hudson's  I'ay  Company,  and  lo  all  Uritish  .subjects  trading  with  the  same,  to  the  point  wlieiviJ 
said  branch  meets  the  main  stream  of  the  Colundiia,  and  thence  down  the  .said  main  .stream  l"  ^ 
ocean,  with  free  access  into  atid  through  the  said  river  or  rivers  ;  it  being  understood  that  all  the  w\ 
ji  irt  1^1'-;  aloie,;  ih"  line  thus  described  shall,  in  like  manner,  lie  free  and  open. 

in  navigating  the  said  river  or  rivers,  Hritish  subjects,  with  their  goods  and  produce,  slui'.l ' 
•treated  on  the  siime  footing  as  citizens  of  the  Ihiitcd  Stales  ;  it  being,  however,  always  understuudilj 
nothing  in  this  Ariiclo  .shall  be  construed  as  prevciitiug,  or  iutended  to  picvuiil,  the  Oovermiicututiij 


States  at  Ik'vlin 
nthict  tliciv  iiws  \ 
vo  all  liis  iiiitiwi 
ivc  Uovcruiucius 


1  inattevs  vi'latiii;  I 
I  by  liiiu  Inr  ili.n  I 
ly  or  l>y  wiiite 


OS  of  the  |iV(iiKisK 
L'V  uxpeiises  of  im';[ 


lint  of  all  the  c'+l 
fovthwitli  he  n'lW'i 


■Diiveiiiuiit  uliev  I 
urucjf  to  each  of  lit' 


21 

United  States  from  makin;,'  any  rt'Kiilations  respecting  the  navigation  of  the  said  river  or  livers,  uot 
iiicoiisisteut  with  the  present  Treaty. 

AliTlCI.E  III. 

Ill  the  future  aii]ir(>]n'iation  I'l  1 1 h' territory  south  of  the  fcirly-niiitli  )iarallel  nf  iKHlli  hitiluile,  as 
iiiiiviilecl  ill  llie  First  Ailiele  of  this  Treaty,  the  ]Hi.>;st'ssoiy  rii^'hts  (if  tiic  lluiisun's  liny  ('iniiiiaiiy.iiiKl  of 
all  liritisli  siihjcets  who  may  '  ■  already  in  the  iieeii])atioii  of  land  or  utlier  propurly  hiwfuUy  atcjuired 
within  the  said  t^'iritory,  shall  lu^  respecteil. 

AUTICLK  IV.  . 

Tlie  farms,  lands,  and  other  |irnpeity  nf  evfiy  di.'siii])ti(iii,  helmiuiiiL;  to  the  l'uj,'cl's  Sound 
A.'viiiiltiiral  ('niii]iany,  mi  the  ikh'IIi  side  i>\'  ihr  Culumliia  IMvc)-,  sliall  lu;  ((Hilii'mrd  In  llii'  said 
|riiiii]iMiiv.  Ill  ease,  iiiiwever,  the  silualinii  cif  tlicisc  farms  and  lands  slmidd  lie  ((iMsidcied  hy  llie  I'liiled 
l.siiili's  111  lie  iif  |iillilic  mid  )iiilitie;d  illlpnllilllcc,  and  the  I'nili'd  Shoes'  (IdVcriimcril  sliiiiild  si;^liify  II 
jia.-ire  in  nlilain  piissessiiui  nf  llie  wlioie,  nr  nf  any  jiart  tlieienf,  the  )irciperly  so  iei|uiied  shall  hu 
Itwii-luiTed  to  the  said  (Invernnieiit  al  a  pmper  Viiluatimi,  to  lie  a,L;'i'eed  iipnn  helweeii  the  parlies. 

AlM'IChK  V. 

Tlie  ]iresent  Treaty  shall  he  vatilied  liy  Uer  Urilannie  ^Majesty  and  liy  llie  I'lesideiit  nl'  tlip  riiiled 
ISl.ili's  liy  and   with    the  adviet^  and    emisent  of  the    .Senate   tlierenl';  and    the   lalitiealiuh  I    lie 

lexcliiiuged  at  London  at  the  e.xpiralion  of  six  months  IVoiii  the  dale  hereof,  or  somier,  if  iiossilile. 

in  witness  whereof  lliu  respeelive  I'leiiiiiolenliaries  have  signed  the  same,  and  have  alli.xed  theietu 
tlio  suals  of  their  aams. 

Uoiiu  at  Washington,  the  l-'illi  da\-  of  .luiie,  in  the  year  of  mir  l.iu'd  1840. 

IMCIIAUI)  I'.VKKNJI.UI.        (L.S.J 
■JAMES  l;L"C^.V^^.\^;.  (L.S.) 


Appendix, 


Wtisliiinjluii  on  ti" 


land  ami  the  Vmi:. 
tries  that  the  sink 
(lovernineiil  el  t:: 
Stony  ^louiU;ii;.- 
isserted  hy  llaMv- 
Old  agree  eoncuiiii::: 

ml  has,  on  Her  v^r 

■s   Most   HoiielH;!.; 

itiary  to  the  Ini!- 

furnished  with  f- 

iiiig  coniniuniealC'l; 

upon  and  eoiahi'it 


oundary  laid  down 
lenninates,  the  lint 
■uited  States  shJ 
middle  of  the  eh.iiirJ 
ugh  the  middle  "t  tJ 
.  the  navigation  "I  i~ 
h  latitude,  remain  U; 


found  to  intevseii  •' 

shall  he  free  inul"!; 

,lo  the  point  when''; 

id   main  stveaia  I'l  '•' 

■stood  that  all  Ihew* 

and  produce,  shidl 
id  ways  underslnoilii 
the  Uoveruintul  ul  i 


No.  III. 

\'iii'ilii'c  (if  /III'  J'K.i.inf/r  iif  Ifi-t  llrlliiiinic  }[(ijfKlii's  s/iip.-^  '■  J)isriiriri/"  uiiil  "  ('linllin in ,'  Hiiihi'  lln' 
^'iiiii.iiniilil  of  Cii/i/i<iil  Viiiiiiiiirn\  l/iriiiiii/i  /lie  Sfrili/s  nf  Jimn  ilr  Finn,  n nil  llniniifli  tin'  ('Iniiiinl 
l.iiiiii'ii.  (it  llic  jicifcitl  iliiif  ((X  l/ir  liiisiirin  Sli'idl,  In  JJiirli  Jlni/,  sitiiiiliil  in  /In  dncli  III  (I'l'lj  "^ 
liiiirijiK,  S.  'l',\  W.,  itiiil  y^.  7-  T.  (E.ilrar/i'il  from.  I'vl.  I  nf  "  CnjiUdn  Vtimunin's  Vuijnijci" 
IH'hiiskal  in  17'..I8.) 

OX    the  2'.llh  A]iril,    IT'.lL',  ('a]itaiii   A'aiieouver,  in  eommand   of  His    lliilaniiie   Majesty's  slii]is 
Di^(;ll\L'l■y  "  and  "  ChaLliam,"  amdiofed,  alioiit    .Smiles   wilhiii  llie  enlraiii'e,  on  tlii' southern  shore  of 
sujiiinsed  Straits  of  de  Kuea. 

t)n  the  following  morning  (Miith)  lliee.xiiedilioii  weighed  anchor,  with  a  favourahle  wind,  and  lliLsamo 
Itiiin;,' anchored  oil' a  low  sandy  |Hiiiit,to  which  Captain  Vancouver  gave  the  iiaine  of  New  Dungeness. 
I  tin  the  2iid  May  the  expedition  quitted  New  Dungeness,  and  sulisei[uently  anchored  in  o4  fathoms 
Iki,  iiliiuil  a  i|uarler  of  a  mile  from  tln^  shore,  in  a  liarliour.  to  which  was  given  the  name  of  I'ort 
pnivery,  aftei-  the  ves.sel  commanded  hy  Cajitain  Vancouver. 

1    iHiriiig  the  stay  of  tlu'  exiiedilion  at  Port  Discovery,  namely,  until  the  IStli  May,  lioat  ex]iedilions 
klv  ■^i!iil  to  ex)ilore  the  western  shore  of  the  Straits. 

On  the  18th  May  the  shijis  cuiilted    I'orl  Discovery  and  entered  Admiralty  Inlet,  and  on  lliu  I'.llh 
ty  iiiiihiired  oil' llestoralion  I'oini,  the  name  given  to  an  anchorage  discovered  llicrein. 
iMiriiig  llie  ]ieriod  of  tlie  stay  of  the  vessels  at  Kesloralion  I'oini  several   hontinj;  expeditions  were 
iMt'liud  to  ex)ilore  the  shores  in  I'ligel  Sound  and  Admirahy  Inlet. 
"11  the  .'illth  Jlay  ( 'aplain  \'ancoiivcr  c(uitteil    lli'slor.aioii    I'oini   and  diieried   his  course  to  the 
(iiiiimiiider  exuminalion   liy  Mr.  I'lroiighloii,  who  lonimandcd  the  "  Clialham,"  the  entrance  to  which 
li'ini  li'esloralion  I'oint  N.  20  I-',.,  .'i  leai,oies  distant,  and  there  anehon-d  for  the  night. 
'Ill  the  :')lst  May  he  again  weiijlied  anelior,  and  on  the  liiid  .linie  ('apt, nil  \'aiieoiiver  alielioled   his 
ti"l-.  in  ."ill  I'.itlioms  walia-,  in  a  lirancli  of  the  Admiralty  Inlet,  whieli   he  called    Possession  Sound, 
ii:iu-^!'.iiig  its  western  arm  hy  the  name  of  I'ort  (iardiier,  and  its  smaller  or  eastern  one   hy  that  of 
^ihiin. 

'Ill  the  ."itli  >luiie  the  expedition  iniillcd  Possession  Sound  and  aiirlioicd  the  same  night  aliout  half 
ill' lioiii  the  western  shore  of  .\diiiiralty  Inlet. 

,  '111  the  lilh  dune  the  vessels  worked  out  of  the  inlet,  and  reached  its  entrance  al  a  jioiiil  to  which 
pin  Vancouver  gave  the  iiaine  of  I'oint  Parlridge  ,aiid  ]irocecdiiig  northward,  after  advancing  a  few 
I'* .ill hi;,'  the  eastern  shore  of  the  (lull,  llie  ex]iedition  wasohliged  to  anchor  in  L'll  lalhoms  water, 
1;,' liii  elfect  from  the  elili  or  Hood  tides,  and  the  wind  lieing  liulit  liom  the  iiorlhuard. 
In  this  sitnalion,"  Calitain  \'aiicoii\er  slated,  ".New  Duimeness  hole  hy  eoiupass  S.  .'id  \V.  ;  the 
I  l"iint  of  I'rotcclinn  Island,  S.  l.'iW.;  t|ii>  west  point  of  .Vdniiralty  Inlet,  which,  after  my  much 
f'lioUi'iend  Captain  ( iemge  Wilson,  ofihe  navy.  I  ilisiiiiMiiished  hy  the  name  of  Point  Wilson,  S.  ,'i,")  K., 
I''"l  in  latitude  IS"  111',  longitude  2.'i7°.'ir;  I  he  nearest  shore  east,  2  lea.L;ue^  disnnil.  a  low  sandy 
^1  liiniiin'4  nl  ils  west  end  a  low  elill',  above  which  some  dwarf  trees  are   |iriidiiccd  from  N.  20  W. 

[105]  l: 


No.  III. 


April  '-"J,  1711-', 
page  ^'JO. 

April  oO,  1792. 

May  2,  1792, 
page  227. 


Mav  18.  1792, 
lia'ie  2.)8. 
May  19,  1792. 

May  ;!0.  1792. 
page  279. 

May  31.  179-.; 
page  280. 
June  2.  1792. 
page  281!. 

.June  ;■),  1792, 
l)age  290. 
June  0,  1792, 
page  291. 


Description  by 
Captiiiu  Va  iicouvcr  j 
of  llie  pnssiigu 
through  tlie 
rliiiiiiii'l.  linn  e.nlled 
llosuiio  Sliuit,  to 


Appondi 


22 


•  5         I?ivcli  Hay.  i"  His 
'  Miliostv's  sllilis 


;       .      tn  X,  411  W.,  mill  till'  iivii)i(isi>il  staiinn  Inr  tin'  vc^s.'lr^  duriiii;  llic  cxainiiintidii  (if  tin' cnntinontnl  slinrc 


ill     . 

■  Disc'Di 

■  Clliitll; 


ami 


I  291. 


1702. 


liaiic  -",i:l 


Juno  8,  171)2. 


Juiip  11.  1702. 
page  2'.)(). 


Iiv  lliii  liiiat-i,  wliii'li,  IVmii   .Mr.  lircMii,'litciii,  who  liuil   visitcil   It,  iilitaiiii'il   the  iiiiiiic  of  .'^triiwlicrrv  Bii 


\.  I  1   W..  at  tlic  (list 


ilii'c  (if  aliiiui 


V  water. 


11 


ere  we   rciiiailicij  until   ,   in  the  eveiinii,' 


•allies,  silnateil  in  a  reuimi   ajiiiareiitly  niiieli  ln'oken  ami  d 


A\u  t 


lell  Well,' 


heil.  lint  with  .so  litl 


IVIlJl'i 


e     Wlllll      ||l;|[ 


ncss,  J: 
cxaiiiiii 
aci'iiiiiji 


after  liavini;  ilrifteil  to  ihe  Miiilhwaril  ol'  our  I'oiiner  station  we  were  olili;;eil  a,u:ain  lo  anchor  iiiilil  i\  ih, 

next    nioniiiiLC,  when   we   made  an   atleiii|it    to    |iroeee(l,   luit    were    soon    aj^aiii  eoiii|ii'lle([  to    hi m, 

stationary  near  (air  last  situation." 

On  the  Till 'lune  Capiain  Vancouver  ennliniU'S,  "  aluMil  (i  in  ilie  eveiiiiiLr,  with  a   liu'ht  liree/e  fiim 

the  S.W.,  we  weighed  anil  st 1  to  lli"  iinilhwaiil  ;  luil    after   iiavini;-   ad\  ance(l  ahout   eleven  miles,  Ih, 

wind  liiraiiie  li^lil  and  oliliy-ed  ns  to  anchor  almul  '.•  thai  eveniii'i,  in  .'IT  liKlioliis  of  water,  liiivd  Imttiiiii, 
ill  smile  jilaces  roelvv  ;  in  this  siliialioii  wi 


were  detained  li\  calms  until  ihi'  iifteriiooii  of  the  folli 


( )nr  oliserved  la.litiido  here  was  l.S    iT'.l',  loii'iiti 


iwiii: 


!'.!';  the   eoiinlry  occu|iyiiii,' the  iioiilirKj 


liorizon   in   all   directions,   a|i|ieareil   to   he   e\ce.-sively  hrolceii   and   insular.     Strawherry   Hay 
e(ini|iass,  X.  low.  ahoni  :i  leaj,'ncs  distant ;  the  o|ieniii'j;  on   the  contineiital  sliore,  tlu!  first  oliject  t'ui 
the  examinalioii  of  the  detached  party,  with  some  small  rocky  islets   liefore  its  entrance  that  a]i| 


IIMIV 


very  narrow,  lioi 


■e  at  the  dista 


nee  o!  iiiioii 


t  live  miles.  .'^.  .".7  K. ;   I'oiiit  i'artridtje,  S.  2]   E.  ;  the  low  .san.lv 


island,  south  ;    the   smnli   pari    ol'  the   we^leriiiiKisI,  shore,    which    is  eomposed   of  islands    and   rmkvj 
i^.  117   W..  alioiii   two  miles  distant;  llic   nearesi   shore  was  within  ahiait  a  mill!;  ii  very  diin,i,'er"!;i 
sunken  rock,  \isilile  only  at  low  tide,  lies  oil'  IVom 
a   \i'rv  iinsale   cluster  ol'  small   r 


ckv  point  on  this  slna'c,  lieariiii,'  X.  7'.)  AV. 


,  some  c(iiistanll\-,   and   others    visilile   oiilv  near  low  water,  1» 


.\.  I  ."i  \V.  aliont  two  and  ii  half  miles  distant. 


I  ins  eountl'V  M'esen 


led 


I    verv  dilfercnt    asiiecl    i'l 


iiiii    thai    which   We   had   heeii   accllstonicil  i 


I  A  Xiirrii 

l.sti: 


Tin 

|.V!i  i.f  ./i 

'^U-.lil  iif 


lieliold  further  .soiilli.     'I'lie  shores  now  licfor.'  ns  were  composed  of  .sleep,  riiL;'ued  rocks,  who.si!  siiilii 
varied  excec(lin;:ly  in  respect  to  lieijji!.  and  exliioiled  lillle  more  than  the  liarren   rock,  which    in  s"1l| 
)ilaces  prodiiced  a  lillle  lierliaL,'e  of  ii  dull  eoliiiir,  with  a  U-w  dwarf  trees. 

••  W'ilh  a  loleralily  ,L;ood  lirceze  froiii   the   north  we  weii,'lie(l  ahont   .'>   in   tht^  afternoon,  and  witii a 

ll 1  tide  inriied  lip  into  Strawherry  Hay,  where  in  ahoiil  three  liiairs  we  anchored   in    111    fallioiiis,  ti];  ■  ' ',' 

sandy  hotiom.     'fhis  hay  is  sitiialcd    on   the  wcsi  side  of  an    islniid  wliicli.  proilncin^f  an  almndaiiii'  ^i^  ' 
npri,L;lit  eypi'ess.  ohlained  tlie  nan II'  of  ( '\  press  l,-,land.     'I'lie  1  ay  is  of  vmall  cxtciil.  and  not  verv  i|r>'f  | 
ils   sonili   point    hoi-i'   hy  coiii]iass  .S.  4n  !■!. :  a  small   islet,  lorniiiiL;  nearly  the   iioi'lh   jioiut  of  llir  f,, 
round  which  is  a  clear  Lidoil    |iassa,L;e  vest  ;  and    llie   liii'.ioin    of  llie    li.iy  east,  at    the  distance  of  iil» 
ihree  ipiarters  of  a   mile.     'I'iiis  situation,  llioii'jh  -,  ei'y  lommodioin   in   rcspcci  to  ihe  shoi'e,  is  j,'i'c;!: 


X posed  111  the  v.iiids  ain 


,  ill  a  S.S. 


directi 


In   coiisci|iieiici'  of  the  aiichiira;^!'  lieiiiL;    iiinch   exjiosed,  (.'ajitaiii  X'aiiconvei    resuhed   to  I'l'm' 
with  his  \fs>cls  up  the  '.;iilf  to  the  iiorlli-'..','.-!  in  i|ilest  of  a  more  coliiliiodioiis  siluatioli. 

•■  With  a   lit.'hl    hreeze   from   tlie   S.!'!..  ahoiit    1  oVlnck    th"   next    nioiiiiuL; "  >  I  llli   .liine'i.  ('ii|,; 
\'aiiconver  st:'!es.  "we  (|iiitteil  this  slalion.  and  ]iasseil  Ih  Iwccii  llie  small   island  and  the  north  pniii 
IIk^   hay  to    l!;'   nortii    v.cstwin'd.  through   a   cliisier  of  niimenais   islands,  rocks,  and  rocky  islets.    ": 
Mr.  Ih'ou'.rhlon's  lir.st  visit  hither  lie  found  a  ((iiaiililv  of  very  excelleiil   strawherries,  which  ^'avc  it: 
name  of  Sirav.licri'v  r>My  ;  hii't  on   our  arrival,  the    iViiii    -cason  was  pas.^ed.     The  hay  alliu'ds  unnil  ;i 

M'ciire   anchorage,  llioiiL;h   sometimes  exjiosed;  \i\    in    fair   wealher.  w 1  and    water  iiiiiy   he  c,!-: 

]a'ociired.  The  island  of  ('v]ii'ess  i-.  principally  eomjiov'd  of  hi^h,  rocky  nioiintains,  and  stee]i  prijr 
diciilar  dill-',  v.hicli  in  the  centre  of  Strawherry  r>a\,  fall  a  little  hack,  and  the  space  hetwccii  ; 
foot  of  till'  nioiailains  and  the  sea  side  is  occupied  liy  low,  marshy  laud,  throiiiih  which  are  >cvi: 
runs  of  niosi  excelh.'nt  water,  that  liiid  their  w.iy  into  llie  hay  hy  ooziiiLi:  through  the  heacli.  1: 
-iliiated  in  latitude  4!'i'  .""liV,  lonL;ilii(lc  l.'."i7  '-''V.  The  \arialii'ii  of  ihe  eoiii|iass,  hy  eighteen  scN 
aziinntlis.  dilfcriiiLr  from  l.^-i  to  lM' taken  on  Imard  and  mi  sliore,  since  our  departure  from  .Viliiiiral: 
Inlet  c;a\i' ihe  mean  resiili  of  111  '\'  eastwardly.  'I'he  risi'  and  fall  of  the.  tide  was  ineoiisiili'i'ii''!-| 
thoiijih  the  stream  was  ra]iid.  The  ehh  came  from  the  cast,  and  it  was  lii'ili  water  L'h.  .'57m.  aft''i 
moon  had  passed  the  meridian, 

"  We  prm lied  lil'sl,  to  the  iioi  1  h-east u ai'd.  jiassin^t,'  the  hraiich   of  the  ;,qil|ili  that  had  heeii  I'.ii:' 

exaliiiiii'd.  and  then  directed  onr  course  li  the  north-west  ward,  iiIoiil;  thai  which  apjicarcd  a  coiiliii 

of  the  cic.ilinciild  shore,   fori I  l,y  lo',',-  sandy  clills.  risiiiL;  Irom  a   heacli  of  .sand  and  stones.     J'\ 

country  moderately  idevated.  sti'itclu'd  a  cmisideralile  distance  from  the  iiorlh-wi'stward   roiiuii  t" 
smilh-east  ward,  liefore  it  aseeuded  to  join  the  raiin'c  of  riiLjoeil,  snowy  nioiintains,     T'liis  connected  li.ir 
from  the  hase  of  .Mount  liaker,  .■■{ill  c(aitinucd  very  lofty,  and  appeared  to  extend  in  a  (lirectioii  Icmi: 
to  the  we-tward  of  north.     The  soiindinu'-s  almiu'  the  shore  were  re,i;iilar,  from  ll'  to  2.")  and  .'111  l'alli"iij 
ius  we  ii)i|ii'oaclieil,  or   increased  our  distance   from,  the   land,  which   seldom   exceeded  two  iiiilc 
opposite  of  the  '_;ul]ili  to  the  south-weslward,  ('(ini|ioseil  of  nnmerons  isliuids,  was  at  a  distiiiiee  ef 
two  lea.ui'o.      As  ihc  day  advanced,  the  sonth-easl   wind  ijiiuhially  died  away,  and  for  some  limi 
I'emuiiied  nearly  stationary. 

"  In  till!  evciiinir  a  lielit  hreeze  I'avoiirinu  tlie  plan   I  had   in   coiiicni|ilation,  we  steered   fur  ; 
lliiit  ]iresente(l  itself,  where  ahoiil  li  o'clock  we  iineliorcd   in   ii   fathoms  of  water,  sandy  hottoiii,  I 


mill'  fi'oiii 


the  si 


lore.     The  piiin 


ats  of  the  hiiv  iioli!  hv 


eoinpas 


VI  W. 


\.  Tl  W. ;  tl 


le  western!: 


I-.I  w 
i\yy  fiM'liia 
ki.la  l;is 
Vihwm  ] 
Itiinlc,  y  )i( 
•i  iiiiilar  lia 
iiiiiynr  :iii(l 

lil>  lillCO  li 

liiiiiiclii'ccr  I 

Vile  la  ci 

4.lillii,|Ui 

I'i'liiiiiiio 

•■iili'lalitai 

'lIlIM  lie    |-"|| 

l.\:iiiiiiiar  In 
■i-l;l,y  siil.j 

lilicar 
l)liii:ili's 
l;i:vn  iinr 
"I'^iiiiii 
■°'  S., 
Jiii:i/a  lie 
llic/ 
:iil;i  sc-ii 
fii-litii,'  y 
':iiii   nil 

iililMt,  V 
|lili-M;i  ill 
ila.-la  I; 
jii'i  ii'sjial 
lliii  l(',:,'iia. 
I  .\  las  III! 
Y  'lil'i.uiiii 
pxrliii 
|.\l,i.s  ipi: 
pii'zCadi 

:i'lrli||.,.,,, 

Vilii'csa," 
,-■     Si '-II 

I'lii'ilii, 
h'l  Sal  vail 


I'll 


part  of  that  which  we.  considered  to  he  the  main  land  west,  ahotil  three  leagues  dist^inl;  to  the  saiii: 
this  point  aiipeiicd  the  princi|i;il   direclioii   of  the  iruliih,  tlionul 


It  I.  V 


llil: 


1  a   very  eoiisidei'iihle  iirm  seciuel 
liianch  fii'lii  ii  to  ilie  iiia'lli-e;istwai'il.      .\s  miici  ,is  the  ship  was  scciiied,  I  went  in  a  hoiit  to  ili.s|ii'c; 
shores  ol'  the   hav,  and   found,  willi  little  Iroiihle,  ii  M'ly   cmiveiiieiit  situation   for  our  several  '• 
iiece-sar\'  diilies  nii  slimc  ;  ol'  which  the  hiisines.s  of  llie  (iliservatory  was  my  chief  ohjeet,  as  I  i.ii 
wislicd  lor  a  Inrlher  trial  of  the  r.ite  of  ehrmionictei's,  now  that  it  was  jirohahle  that  we  sluailil  I'v 
al  rest  a  si^ili.ieni  I inie  to  make  the  re(piisite  (ihservatifiiis  I'or  that  iiui']ioi<e.     Mr.   I'nai^tjlitoii  rm'J'j 
iiiv  iliiei'lioiis  to  this  ellect.  as  also  that  the  vcs.sels  should  he  reiiioxcd,  the  next  morning',  iihinit  ii : 
further  up  the  hay  to  the  north-east,  where  they  would  he  more  conveniently  stationed  I'or  our  m'I'1 
(iperatioii.s  on  shore  ;  and  as  soon  a-i  the  bii.siiiess  of  the  ohservatorv  should  acijuire  ii  degroo  uf  liji>' 


Jl'lll'lto  ,,| 

'l>'.\aiiiii.- 

/illns    hn 

t'lM  lie  la 


|Aiiii< 


iqile 


II  Nil   ivi 


'mil 


I'lii'llte  dr 
l>«il  lie 
Itiiiurcs, 


(•(mtiiionttil  slinrc 
StviiwliciTV  Hiiy, 
liken  mill  liiviildl 
I  lillln  wiuil  iImi 
uicliiiv  iiiilil  'i  till' 
jiclli'il  U'   bi'i'iiiiii' 

liu'lit  ln'cc/.i'  rmiii 
(.icvi'ii  niili'^,  tl:" 

lUtl'V,  lllll'll  lliiU"111, 
U  111'   UlO    rnllnwiu: 

,viii;4  llii'  iiiivllii'iii 
licny  r>;i.v  '""'i'  '■ 

the'  tivst  ol.iirtln 

;;llUT  th'.U  iilUKMl-l 

K.  ;  till'  I'lW  siiUilv 

islands    anil   wA\\ 

;    II     VfVy    lllUllJl'V'i':; 

iiin:,'N.'T'.»  W.;  ;ii;: 

|.;ll'    lllW  wali'i',  l».l 

iri'M  accnslnnicd  !■ 
rocks,  wlmsi'.  suit';;  • 
dck,  wliii'.li   in  s"1l;I 

I'lcniiinn,  anil  Nvit;(  :i| 
ill   lli   I'atiiiiiaslii 
ill"  an  alinnilanii 
il,  anil  nut  very  ili'"f 
ill  iioiul   III'  till'  ''"'I 
llir  distance  III  ii''" ' 
.  the   sill  ire,  is  ;ilr> 

■  vcsiilveil  In  I'l'i"-: 
latiiili. 

(lltli    .lniie).IVl''' 
and  the  nnrtli  l"'!"' 
and  viieky  islets,    e-.j 
vies,  wliieh  'fiw  it  !:=J 
;  Imy  alViinls  ^iniil;i'. 

wilier  may  lie  e.i-' 
ins,  and  slee]!  I'l'il' 

lie,  spaei^  lielweeii  i: 
ii.jh  whieli  are  .-ev, 
un-li  the  lieaeli.  I- 
ss,  I'V  ei;j:llteell  set- 
„ntiire  rrmn  Ailiiiin"- 
iile  was  ineiinsiilrKr.-| 
trr  211.  :>7iii.  iit't'i' 

U  tlial  liad  lieeii  ]■■'' 
ilijieari'd  a  eonlimi'-' 
;aiid  and  stniies.  T: 
westward  vmnul  t"  ■.-| 
riiiseniineeledli.iii' 
il  in  a  direetiiin 
j  1,1  2.".  imd  :'.n  laih"" 
^celled  twii  inilw; 
s  at  11  distance  el'  n'' 
;,nd  liir  siiini'  li'H"'- 


23 

tic.no.Mv.AVliidlivintlio  '  Disenvery's'  aittpr,  attended  liyllie  •CluUliani's'  launeli,  was  to  inoieed  to  tlai 
Miimiiiiiti'i'i  111'  tliiil  imvt  nl'  llie  eoasi,  iine\|iliiivd  to  the  smitli-eMstward  ;  whilst  nixscll'  in  llie  yawl, 
iici'iiiiiininieil  hv  Mr.  I'li-eL  in  the  launch,  dinrlcil  mir  researches  up  the  main  iulit  nlthe  -iillili." 


No.  IV 


,■1  Xinrriliir  (if  till-  Vi'i/fii/'--!  iiiiitir  hi/  Ihi-  /■^/iiiiii-'ili  JV,s'.sr/,s  "  SidH"  uiiil  '•  Ah.iiianu''  iii  tin-  pur  1702,  In 
niiliiiY  the  SI  rail  iif  Fnai.  ( K'/racln/  J'lvni  llif  Accuniil  nf  thi  rui/Ki/n  juili/ixhctl  nl  Mmti'nl  in 
lSti2.) 

TIIK  two  schiioners '•  Siilil  "  anil  "  .Mexicana"  i|uitteil  Ximlka  in  the  iiiudil  I'elween  the  ilii  and 
,,'i,!i  nt  .liiiie,  17'.'2,  and  the  liillnwiiiu-  is  an  aeenunt  ol'  the  ] in ii;ress  i.T  ilie  e\]icditii.n  ihrniiiih  the 
|t<lr.iit  111'  .Inaii  de  l-'iieii,  translated  i'niin  the  Sjianish  iiariM!i\e  iiidilislieil  at  Madrid  in  |S(I2:— 


Ki 


11,  we  .steered  I'ev  n  '' 
,,.  sandv  liottoiii,  li't 
'rl  W. ;  the  westenm 
dislaiil;  to  tliesoiili 
i.lcralile  arm  seciiiel 
in  a  limit  to  iiisln'i;^ 
111  for  our  si'Veiiu  '■ 
,.l,i,.r  oliject,  as  1  1*' 
that  we  sluiulil  iv«' 
-\\y,  |',ront;litiin  '''■'" 
St  nioinin;,',  uIhuiI  ;i 
stationed  I'm'  i""'  "' 
juiro  a  degvoo  ol'  I''""'' 


Kl  vieiito  eedii'i  lueuii  i|iie  salinios  del  canal 
qiii' t'liriiia  !a  eiitraila  de  Xutka,  y  .si;_;iiii'i  ealnioso 
!;„.-l,i  l;is  niice  de  1,1  niananii,  ([lie  se  elitalili'i  la 
\j;,i/iiii  jiiil'  el  ( I.S.t ).  |-'iie  rel'rescanilo  en  la 
t;iiilc,  y  nnsiilros  sejiiiimos  eon  tmlii  vela,  lleLjaud" 
,ii  iiiiiliir  hasta  sit'te  niillas  ]ior  corredera,  i|iu;  es  el 
iiiiivnr  aiidar  (|Ue  iidvertinios  en  las  i^oh'tas.  De 
la>  liiicii  il  las  .siete  .se  I'ne  iiiU'dandii  el  \  icnto,  y  ;d 
iiiiiii-iiricr  estalianiiis  die/,  y  seis  niillas  alO.  \\f 
K'.di-  la  cntrada  de  Xitinat,  y  einco  niilltis  de  uii 
i-l"liili' i|iie  tenialiiiis  |ior  nueslro  ti'a\'es. 

lli'liiaiiius  se;,'iin  las  eircunstaiicias  diri,!;irniis 
|i  iiiltlaiitar  el  reeiinociniienlo  de  la  entrada  iki 
luiiii  lie  KiU'ii ;  ]ior  estii  ra/.nii  no  nns  detiivinios  ;i 
Miiiiiiiar  los  jinnti.s  de  hi  ciista  que  tenianios  li  la 
risla,  y  solo  coi'rinios  lia.ses  para  colocar  ali;unos,  y 
uliliiiir  111  eavtu  ipiu  de  ella  halii^.n  levaiitado  Ins 
itiiiak's  y  piliitos  del  Deparliinieiitn  di'  San  lllas, 
!iivii|iiir  nieiior  hallanios  Inieiio. 

.S'ljuiiinis  nave,y;ando  en  la  noclie  con  todo  \cla  al 

.. ."°  S.,  con  vieiilo  IVeseo  pur  el  ( ).S.( ).,  en  la  con- 

iiiii/a  lie  ipie  la  elaridad  de  la  noehe,  ipie  ainneuti'i 

Id  ilic/:  con  la  In/,  de  la  liiiiii,  nns  proporcionali.i 

lii  sc^uridad  :  ii  las   dos  se  i|Ueili')   casi  ealnia  el 

'iiiilii,  y    aliianecinios    en     estas     eirciinstauiias 

iiaii  iiiediii   le^na   al    S.l",.   de    la    jinnla    I'..    i!c 

iliiiat,  y  11  la   \  isla  de   la  hoca  del  estreehn  I'l 

IWrida  lie  Juan  de  I-'uea. 

lla.^a  las  onee  sinnii'i   la   ealnia  ;  les  coirieiiles 

i<  ivs|ialikiriin    para    dentrn    del    I'islii'cho   coino 

\a  li'u'iui 

.V  las  mice  .se  cnlalili'i   el    \iciito    pur  el    S.O.,  y 
i-iliri^iiiios  al    V,.'^.V..   |i.ir  atravesar   la  Imea  del 

jtlVfllll 

Alas  niiatri)  de  la  larile  iivislainos  el  I'm  rlo  ,ie 

fui'ii'Z  (liuinu,  y  ]H)eo  despnes  una  corlieta  eii  .--u 

I'liMilero,   (pie    eonjelnranios    ser    hi    noinlirada 

'liufesa,"  pertenecienle  id  Departnniento  de  Sau 

i'.    ScLjuiinos   la  derrota  li  eoslear  la  |iiirte(), 

!  I'liiMtu,  y  I'l   piico   ll(\i;ii  el   Tenienle  de  Xa\  I'o 

HI  Salvador  l''idiil,i,'o,  (,'onianilante  de  dicha  eor- 

!t:i, y  iius  conlirnii'i  en  la  idea  de  ([Ue  In  eosta  (). 

'iii'itn  era  sncia,  eoiiio  lo  indiealiii  el  sarjj;a/;o  ; 

■xaiiins  perdiendo    liarluvento,  y   li    eosta   de 

fuiins  hiinlos  consei^iiiinos  anelar  li   las   seis  y 

lia  ill' la  tiirdu  iiiiiy  ]irri.\inios  li  la"  I'rineesa.'' 

JAtiimu'!  el  All'eiv/.  de  X'avi'o  I ).  Manuel  tjluiinper 
lliia  U'i'iiiiocido  liastii  el  I'lierlo  de  (jUiadra.  y  el 
liiii'me  lie  Xiivi'ii  Don  Francisco  Kliza  hasta  el 
Pal  lie  nuu.stra  .Senorii  del  lio.siirio  en  lo.s  unos 
Uiiuivs,  no   liabian    exaniinudo    Ia.s    lioeu.s   de 


The  v.  ind  aliated  as  soon  .c.  we  lel'L  the  channel 
i\liich  iiirnis  the  inlet  ol'  Monika,  and  it  eontimied 
■aim    unti'     II     in    the     ninrnin;,',    when    the    ,-cii 

rerze   scl    in  IVi'lii 


liieize  scl  in  IVi'iii  W'.S.W.  It  freshened  in  the 
al'lcinoon  and  v.e  precccded  with  all  sail,  making 
as  niueli  as  7  miles  liy  llu,  lo^-,  which  is  the 
;_;reatest  way  that  we  ohserved  ill  the  schooners. 
I'riini  "i  to  7  the  wind  coiilinned,  end  at  niuhlt'all 
\M'   were    111   miles  \\.    ii'^X.   rrniii   llie   inlet   ol' 


X 


ilni.il.  an< 


•.II 


lihih 


had  alircasi  m'  us. 


W 


e  well 


ceoiiini/  t  1  ci;cu!ii  Lnice-',  to  cmiiliiv 


oiuselvc;    III   edwilicni';-   ill- 
111  a  ;  Tor  lli;.~-   lea 


luan  I! 


I' 


cNaniine  the  ]iiiiiils  ol'  ila 


oi'    ihe  inlel  111' 
lid  lint  .slop  In 


lasi    wlucn  \M 


had 


si^lii,  and  only  ran   lia-cs  In  jihue  sniiie  (nl'  llienn, 
and  tn  reclilV  the  chart  of  il   taken  liv  the  oMicers 


lilnts   of  the    Dep 


ariniei 


Il    nf  San    r.lii 


the 


delail  III'  which  we  fniind  'j^inA. 


V,'e  ciiuliniied  onr  course  in   the  ni'.;lil    with  all 


sail  to 


i:.  :i°  S.,  with   a   I'll 


vind   I'l 


W.S.W. 


irusiini,'  thai  the  clearness  of  the  niulit,  which  was 
increased  ill  In  o'clock  liy  the  li^iht  of  the  moon, 
would  iilford  us  every  security  ;  at  2  o'clock  the 
\,iiid  was  alniosl  calm,  and  thus  day  liroke  upon 
alioiit  half  a  league  S.K.  ol'  the  east  poiiii  of 
siijlit  of  the  nionlli  of  the  strait  or 


Xilinat, 


anil  HI 


inlet  of  .lliail  de  l''ilca. 

The  calm  coiilinucd  until  1  I  o'clnck  :  the 
currents  carried  us  aliout  a  league  williin  the 
Strait 


.\l   11  the  wind  set  ill  from  S.W'.,  and    we  pii 


■del 


tn    cross    the    llinlltll    of    tile    Sliail. 


.\t  4  in  the  afternoon  we  sighted  the  |inrl  of 
N'une/  (lanim,  uml  .soon  after  a  corvette  in  its 
alichnram',  which  we  sii|i|iosed  In  he  that  called 
"  I'riiiccss. "  lielniiinin.i;'  In  ihe  Department  nf  S.in 
I'llas.  We  shaped  our  course,  to  coast  aloii:.;'  I  ho 
vesi  |iarl  of  the  jiort,  and   in   a   siiort  time  i.ieii- 


leiiani.  Don  Salvadc 


ah'o,  ( 


oniuiaiiilei    I 


if  Ihi 


said  eorvelte,  eaiiie  mi  lioard,  and  he  conlirmed  us 
ill  our  opinion  that  the  west  coast  of  the  ]iorl  was 
foul,  as  liic  kel]i  indicated;  ue  di'opped  away  froL'l 
it,  losiiv^-  the  fa\ourahle  wind  and. alter  some  taeks, 
It,'  al    hiilf-]iasi   i;   I'.M.,  very 


succeeileil   in   iiui 


■lioriii 
close  to  the  "  Princess.' 

.MthoiiLihSuli-Lientenant  Don  Manuel  (.hiiniiier 
had  surveyed  as  far -ils  the  ]iort  of  (.liiailra,  and 
l.ieiitenant  I  )onl''iaiicisco  Kliza  as  far  as  the  ( 'hannel 
of  <  )ur  Lady  of  the  Itosary,  in  the  preeedine;  years, 


11 


;iey  liiul  not  exa 


mined  the  nioiulis  of  Caainano 

!•:  2 


Appcmlix. 


No.  IV 


Appendix. 


34 


i 


1^ 


* 


C.uiniano,  do  Finn,  Sono  ilo  Onsloii,  C'niial  do 
Fliiriduliliiiica,  Ihicms  del  (.'iirmcln  y  <li'  Mii/iiiT('(l(). 
I'lpi'  his  imlicias  iiuc  liiil>iMii  iiil(|uiridii  dc  Ins 
Indios,  III  c|i'  ('iiiiiiniUM  iiitcniidia  iiiiu'lin,  jn'ici  sn 
I'liiido  nil  |punnitia  ))asi)  sino  a  las  caiiun.s;  la  ilc 
Fldii  era  i\f  iiiiiv  ]iiirii  iMiii-icqiiciM'ia.  .lii/csilian, 
(•(111  iii;.'Uii.i  diida.  it'iTadci  el  Scnn  clc  (liistnii,  y 
jivniwiiiian  cipnin  el  iviMPiiiiciniicnIii  mas  intcicsaiilc 
el  (If  la  lidca  lii'  FloridalilalK  a,  cjili'  scLtiiii  sc 
I'lc^cntalia  en  la  caita  ([Uc  lialiian  tia/adn  dc  cstns 
canali'N.  nlriM-ia  dds  «'iitradas  rnniiadas  \\i<v  una  is];i 
(•(iliH-Milii  en  sii  luiMliaiiia.  i|ili'  dcs])iii's  dc  iiiirstin 
('x;'innMi  sc  liall('i  sci'  la  I'lMiinsula  di'  Cciicda  y 
L'lii^'ara.  HI  canal.  r-ci,'an  lialiian  niiiijjrrlicndiiln 
11  Ins  liidiiK,  intcnialia  nniclin 

f'lai  laics  iir.ii.-.  ;  iriiiaiiKis  dc  intcnianins  para. 
acaliar  (ic  .xaniinur  cl  .'^iMin  do  tiasuiii.  y  indccdci' 
al  I'cciiiiiiciniicnln  del  Canal  di^  Fluriiialilaiica, 
dcxandci  Icis  dc  Caaniann  y  I'lnn  cdnici  dc  nicnns 
cntidad,  y  iiia.s  ]ii-i]iids  |iira  scr  vccdnncidcis  en  cl 
(.•asd, epic  cicianid.s  pVdliaMe.dc  lialicrilc  relvdccdcr. 
r.a  diicci-inn  del  ('anal  dc  ('aaniand  liilcia  el  Siii'. 
y  la  |iidlialiilidad  ile  ipie  I'licsi'  I'l  salir  li  la  lidcii  di' 
Kzcta  ]ili'ixinia  ;i  Ins  4(i°  14'  dc  latitud.  I'lic  ntra  dc 
lasc(insi(leiacidncs([iic  tin  inids  invsenlcs  al  addptar 
este  Jilali. 

A  las  ddiH'  ciiti'd  cl  viciild  llcxo  ]idr  cl  S.  K. ;  el 
tieiii|id  (laid  iids  indicalia  (|iiecn  el  canal  i'(\viiai'ia 
el  t  >.  A  las  ddc-e  y  media  liimns  la  vela,  y  diviiiiiims 
li  ]iasal'  ]idr  cl  ]icipicfid  canal  ipie  hay  al  F.  Ar  la 
isleiiicle  la  lidi'a  :  hiipic  cdiiscuuiiiids  ccin  I'clicidad. 
F.sic  canal  cs  iniiy  estrcchd  pur  las  rcsliiiLtas  ipic 
saleii  dc  la^  |niiitas  ipu^  hi  i'di'iiian,  y  usi  sdhi  delie 
so;;uivse  (piaiidd  Id  exija  la  neeesidad,  c'l  so  vea  en 
elld  una  vciilaja  dccidida.  A  iidsiitids  ikis  ]iarecii'i 
(pie  adclantiiliaiiids  la  iiavcuaeidii,  pne.s  jieiisiiliaiiiiis 
si^'iiiir  la  cdstii  snr  del  Fstrcclio,  por  c.stai'  llena  do 
excclontes  t'diidcudeicis 

LiiOfro  ipie  salimos  del  canal  cnnneiinos  (pin  hi 
(lermta  (pie  deliia  harcrsi!  ))ai'ii  iiileniar  en  el  era 
accreai'seii  la  ciislaN.,i'cs]iccld  di^  ipio  enlai[iic  iiileii- 
taljaiu(wse;_'iiirrcyiiiiljii  una  ]>ert'eclacalma.  (^liiandd 
vinios  el  iilcajxe  epic  lUdvia  el  vieiitu  t'lie  ]irccisd 
ecliar  (-1  lidlc  al  auua  y  iiniiar  his  iciiids  paia  salir 
ii  enedntiaile 

Liic;,'!.)  line  saliiiids  al  vieiitn  fiiinids  divi,i,'icn- 
ddiins  li  la  cdstii  del  N.,  iiaveu'andfi  id  X.N.K.  y 
aiTiliandd  pavii  cl  F.  id  juisn  ipie  ims  ilniiuds  acer- 
candd  li  clla  :  li  las  (nice  de  la  iidcIk!  iios  |aisiiiids 
li  c-dstcaila  li  distiincia  dc  una  Icifiia  escasa,  y 
scf£niinds  I'dii  el  vicntu  al  O.X.O.,  tVcscn  cdii  mi 
tiein]id  elai'd  y  licniidSd. 

Aniaiiecinids  cerca  dc  la  I'uiita  (h-  Minoiid  de  la 
Vejxa,  y  nrzanids  a  pasar  jior  lailre  clla  y  his  ishites 
(pie  tieiie  en  sii  eercania :  dcrrnta  ipie  indicalia 
Tetaeiis,  y  ipie  rccdmciidnliaii  uiuelid  his  ipie 
lialiian  navctriuhi  en  cstc  Fslrecliu.  Verilicado  eslc 
p.a.sd  alioiianzi'i  el  \  ientd,  y  seL;iiiin(is  cdii  veiitdlinas 
del  O.  al  .'>.  tdda  la  iiianana 

Xos  (liviirinids  al  jniertd  dc  Ci'ivddlia,  dimde 
Tetacus  indicidia  dcliia  (|Ucdiirsc,  y  li  (pie  dalia  cl 
uonibre  < 'liacliinnUiijiUsas.  'reliicus  lialiin  diirmidd 
con  sdsieiid  luda  la  iidclie,  nii  desiiiiiiticiidd  Jiiiiias 
su  t'niiiiiuesii  y  rdiitiauza  ;  dalia  sn  triild  ediiliimas 
pniebas  de  su  lacil  loiiipiehelision ;  cunocia  en  la 
carta  la  ediiti<juiiici(m  del  estrecho  ('•  islas  dcscu- 
biei'tas,  y  ims  dixd  his  iKimlircs  ipic  I'l  Ics  dalui. 
pdhlada  la  I'uiila  dc  Morflid  (lii  la  Vcya  ims 
adviilii'i  liicic'scnids  alli  iij,'uii  (pi(^  era  rica  y  idnin- 
(Jaiite,  ponpie  pasaihi  aipiul  sitio  hjs  iiuiiiaiitiales 


(if  Finn,  Hay  nf  (insUni,  Clmnnel  nl'  FlnridalilaiKa 
m'l  illis  df  Ciirmeld  and  ni'  Maziirredn.  Fnuii  tin. 
iiil'di'matidn  wliieli  they  had  dlitained  rrnin  tin. 
Indians,  that  df  ( 'aaniand  went  liir  inland,  Inii  i|, 
dcplli  did  iidt  alldw  a  ]ia.ssiij,'c  excejit  td  chikic., 
'I'lial  dl'  (■'Idii  Was  dj'  \ery  little  iiiipdrlancc.  Tluv 
tlidi;j,'lil,  llidii:,'li  with  sdinc  ddiilit,  tliiil  the  liny  i,| 
(la^tdii  was  cidscd  ;  and  they  )ird]idscd  us  ili,. 
survey  nf  must  interisl  that  nf  the  nidiiiji  i.f 
l''ldiidiililiiiicii,  which,  as  slidWii  (Hi  the  chart  wliiili 
ihcy  had  drawn  cf  tlldsc  chiililiels,  presentee!  lun 
inlets  riirmcd  liy  an  island  siliialcd  in  its  eciitii', 
whiili,  alter  diir  examinatidii,  was  rmind  Id  lie  th,. 
liciiiiisuia  df  ( 'cpcdu  anil  l.aiiuara.  The  I'liiiinn-I, 
lis  ihcy  had  iiiidcrsindd  lidiii  the  Indians,  |ii.||,. 
trilled  far 

Willi  such  inriii-iiiiilidii,  \vc  tlidiiulildrjicnetiiitinj  I 
inwards  in   linish   the  cxamiiiatinn  nf  tla^   liny  i 
(lasliin,    and    in    pmreed    tn    the    siirvi'v    nf   il. 
( 'haiinel  df  l''liiriilidilaiica,  leaving;  tho.sc  iif  ( 'aaniafi,,  | 
and  Finn  as  i.f  less  iiiipdrtaliee,  and  iiKirc  littiii','i" 
lie  siii'Vcved    ill   east!  df  niir  haviiii;  In  fall   liml;. 
which  we  lliduulil  |irdlia!ilc.     The  directidii  nf  tli' 
('liannel  (if  ('aaniand  tdwards  the  smith,  ami  ili. 
liriilialiilily  nf  its  issuiiii:  at  the  niiiiitli  of  Kzd.i 
near    4ii°    14'  latitude,   was    aiinthcr  (if   the   rim. 
sideratidiis  which  we  had   in   mind  when  iiild|iiiii.' 
this  plan, 

.\t    Ili   d'chick    licu'iin    a    slack  wind   frnm  SK 
The  clear  weather    indicated   that  the  W.  wmil; 
]ircviiil    in    the    channel.      .\i    lialf-]iiisl    12  «■ 
made  sail,  and  sha]icd  niir  ciiiirse  to  puss  livtlt'. 
little    channel    which    there    is    tci  tlic!    F.  ni'  ||,..| 
islet  in   the,  nidutli.     This  channel  is  very  iianim 
dii    accdnnt;   df   llu;    reefs   which    issue    frnm  il;,. 
lidints  which  fdriii  it,  and,  therefore,  it  oiiLtht  milv 
tn   he   fnlldwed   in  a  cuso  of  nece.'isity,  or  if  i;l 
ajipears  decidedly  advaiitiijj;c(ni.s.    To  us  it  it]iii('iiitiil 
lliiit   we  wftv.  iidvaneini,'   the   iiavifjatiou,  fur  mvi 
thdiicliL  dl    idlldu  iiii,'  the  south  coast,  nf  the  .'sti-iit.| 
liecause  it  had  ]ileiity  nf  excellent  anelidrai,'es    ,  , 

As  Sdiiii  lis  we  j;nt  nut  nf  the  chiinnel  wi!  fuiiiiJ 
that  the  cinirse  td  he  taken  td  j^et  inwards  wihiij 
iqipriiaeh  the  X.  eiiast,  lieeausc  (in  that  whiclinv 
were  tryini;  td  fnlhiw  a  ]ierfect  calm  jireviiilcl 
^\'llen  we  saw  the  waves  which  were  ninveil  Ivl 
the  wind  it  was  iieecssary  td  launch  the  Imiaaiijf 
,slii]i  the  liars  tn  en  td  meet  tlioiii 

As  SI  Kill  as  wo  1,'nt  out  iiitn  the  wind  we  slmpii, 
nur  ciiursc  td  the  X.  cnast,  iiavi<;atinj,'  to  N.X.KI 
and  licarin,!,'  for  F.  as  we  \wiv.  Ltt^tiiij;  near  1"  i;.| 
At  II  at  iiiixht  we  li(%'aii  to  cnast  alniiji  it  at  ti;-, 
distance  nf  a  shiirt  leaijue,  and  we  went  iiii  wii':! 
the  wind  fresh  frnm  AV.X.'W.,  the  weather  iiih| 
and  tine. 

Day  liroke  u]inn  us  near  the  Point  nf  Moroiioitl 
la  Vepi,  and  v.e  lulled  to  ]ia.ss  between  it  iiiiil  ll; 
isliiiiils  in  its  vicinity — a  route  ]ioiiited  nut  iJ 
Tetacus,  and  nmeli  vecniiiiiicnded  by  thn.sc  wl.l 
had  na-\  iuated  in  this  Strait.  This  ])iissiii;e  liuviiJ 
been  made,  the  wind  went  down  and  we  propwikl 
witli  lij;lil  breezes  from  W.  tn  .'^.  nil  the  moniii;.'| 

AVe  steered  for  the  port  of  Cordo\a.  wlial 
Tctiiiai.s  said  lie  was  to  stay,  and  to  which  lie;.';!':! 
the  name  nf  (.'hneliiiiiiitu]iusas.  Tetacus  liiul  slepl 
ipiictly  all  niuht.  iicNcr  belyiiiLj  his  fraiikii('s< ii:) 
cdiilidcticc  ;  his  belmviour  irave  cdiitiniial  pruufs. 
his  easy  comprehension ;  he  iiiulorstood  mi  tli 
chart  the  coiiH.u'uration  of  the  strait  and  the  i.^liM 
discovered ,  and  he  liild  us  the  names  wliiili  i-i 
,ua\(^  thciii.  When  the  I'nint  df  Morcmi  il'' 
Veuii  was  ddiiblcd  he  advi.sed  us  td  take  «' 
there,  as  il  wa.s  excellent  and  abundant,  but  aiiJ 


25 


dl'  Flriviil;>Miilii;\, 
vrctlii.     l-'viiin  ill.' 

il;lillc(l     IViilll    llii' 

iiv  iuliiiid,  liiil  [\- 
•xcf]it  1<|  ''illllll'*. 
ii|i(ivliincc.     'I'lii'V 

,1,  (hill  llif  I'iiy"! 

IHiiIiciSImI     ils   llll' 
III     llll'     llll  null    111 

III  llic  cliiil't  wliiili 

(•Is.   lH-CSI'llll'll    IWu 

ilcil    ill    il^    r^-Mh: 
IS  t'ullllil    l"   111'  llll' 

iiva.     'I'lii'  fliaiiiicl. 
tUu    liiiUiiiis  l"'ii'- 

.ii'ihlnl']ii'iii'Uutin' 
Uoii  of  till!  I'liy  "1 
lie  sill'Voy  111'  llr 
114  tlidsi'  iit'Caaiiiiiii" 
iiiid  iiiiii'f  liuiii'.'l" 
iviii;^  III  I'iill  '«i''» 
;iic  ilivoi;ti"ii  III'  tl" 
llie  smitli,  mill  tli" 
If  imnitli  oi'  Kziiii, 
imllu'r  III'  llll-  i"ii- 
iiiiiil  wlii'ii  iiiliilili"-' 


Imn  psr:i<iii  y  rl  an'iiii  do  nial  salmr.     f'niiiia  rnii 

lg,.|i  ({(' i|iliiiilii  ii'iliiliali,  iiiiilaiiijii  I'll  tmlii  iiiii'slias 

jcciiiiu's,  i|Hi'  iiltscrvaliii   siriii|iic  (■iiiilailusaiiii'iili'. 

-  ili'iil'illl'i'l  ill'  '"S  lliililliics  lie  liiijiis   Ins  rii|iilaili's 

.Ji'ses  V  I'!s|iaiKili's  inii'  liaii  visitailu  la  cnsta  ili' 
|nTii-Hrnni  y  arclii|iii'la,i;iis  ilc  ('laiiriiad  y  NiilUa, 

1,11111  niis  ilii'i  iKitii'iii  ill!  i|ii('  lialiia  An^  I'liiliana- 
Imics  i;riiiiili"<  (Icntni  ilcl  KslriM-lm. 

|iiiiaiiilii  iii'i  liallaliaiiiiis  ci'iTa  ilc  la  Vailailc  I'',li/a 

Kuriri'irmi  a  KhI'iIk  lU'  la  "  .Mrviniliil"  tl'cs  caiiiias 

ki  iiiiiitrii  11  riiK'ii  IikUiis  raila  una.  pcro  sin  i{iii'ri'i' 

i.irar  ill  I'listailii 

|.\  his  Hiiri'  ill'  lit  iiiiinana  niiisi'!i;iiiiniis  lniiiar  I'l 

lirlu  ill' (Viriliilia,  y  aiiiliinnis  en  scis   lirazas  ilc 

\a.  siH'ln  aii'iia  I'li   la  jiartc.   ili'l  .'^.  del   t'midi'a- 

.    ,     .     .     St'  ili'S|iidii'i  'IVlaiais  di'  iiiisntins 

liiaviil' niiilialiilail,  V  sr  I'lic  ;i  lii'i'ia 


A]ipendix. 


ark  wind   fvoiii  S.R 
thai  i\w  W.  wi'iill 
U    liiill'-liasl    \'l  «• 
aii'Sf  to  I'li^s  liv  ill'.' 
is   til  tliu  K-  III'  ill' 
iiiiiud  is  very  iiiirviiw| 
lit'h    issiu'    I'voiii  l!;' 
L'lvi'im',  it  <iii;-;lii  I'l'lyl 
t'  necessity,  or  if  id 
i,s.   To  us  it  aiiiii'iiiBl| 
L'   navi,t;ation,  I'm'  «< 
li  coast,  of  tlic  Strai 
Uciit  aiidiova.m's    . 
llic  clianiicl  we  fnuiii 
ifel  inwards  wib!'. 
isc'^im  tliat  wliicli  «■( 
rfcci  calm  pvcvaili'l 
lich  were  iiiovuil  k 
launch  the  hoataiijl 

leni 

,  the  wind  we  sh;ii«  = 
navi^'iitiuj;  to  >'.N.L 
V  ;,a'tiiu;4  near  t"  ''■ 
coast  nlon;4  it  at  I't- 
alid  we  went  on  vK 
W'..  the  weather  i.;it 

Point  of  Moiviioii-| 
lielwceu  it  ami 
route  iiointeil  nut  I'l 
ueiided  hy  thus.'  wi. 
This  ]mssa<;e  luivirj 
lown  and  we  iirnri'fil". 
to  S.  nil  the  niunuc; 

vt   of   Cordova,  wM 
and  to  which  liei;a> 
sas.     Tetiicus  had  Ad 
lviii;4  his  fraiik!ii'^\n-l 
,aive  coiitimial  pvunl' 
he  nuderstood  on  1 
.  strait  and  the  i^-lai''' 
llu'  iianies  wliii'li  h 
'nint    of    Moirlin  il'' ' 
vised  us   to  take  v.' 
luid  abundant,  but  all 


['ill'  111  laide  t'stiivinins  cii  tierra  visilando  las 
lu'iias  lie  Tctacns,  doude  liabia  cniiin  ciiicuenlii 
iim  ....  Ti'laciis  iiinslralia  la  iiiayoi' 
.t;iil  a  sus  liiU'S|iedcs  ....  y  ims  |■elil■a- 
,  ;1  Inmln  iiiiiy  .satisfi'i'lins.  I'nr  la  noclie  liiilm 
nil  i|llictllil  ell  el  |ilierln,  y  Unsiistms  tuvililos  la 
iiiii'ia   1)111'    peilia    cl    exilar     una    orasioii    do 

;i;nia 

]iiiei'tci  lie  Ci'inlolia  es  hernioso 

I'SU'  piiei'to  file  doiide  la  .ifoleta  "  Saliiniina  "  tiivn 
'iii'iiiiicar  las  cannas  di-  Ins  habitanles  jiarii 
jjiiliT  la  laucliu  del  |iai|ileliol  San  tVillos,  i|iie 
11  en  sii  cnii.sei'va,  y  ile  la  i|iiu  olislinadaiiienle 
iiiiiii  apiidcrarse. 

)niiio  cl  ticiupii  niis  habia   iavmecido  para  i|iie 

'niiiiiiisciuos  en   el   dia  la    latilud    y   lniii,dtiiil 

jiiiui'tii,  iiiis  leviiinos  I'l  las  lies  ile  la  luiidiuuiiilii 

111  luarea  siilieiite.       De.sde    las    nclio    de    la 

iaiiii  ciii]iezaiiios    I'l  i;nzar  de   la    viiazon,  ipie 

linniincible  ]poi'  el  S.,S.( ).     Xns  dirininios  11  la 

aiiiii  ilcl  canal  |iara  leiicr  el  \iciitn  cii  tnda  su 

11  y  liiiscar  las  Islas  de  lionilla,  ipie  .son  iiiui 

;i  iiiarca  ]iara  la   derrola.      I'asaiiios  aln;uiios 

ii'iisiauy  I'licrles  de  las  corrientes,  yavisladas 

llfliis  mis   dirijiimos    I'l   ellas,  dexi'iudolas    jmr 

r.    A  las  cinco  de  la  tiirde,  i|iie  eiu|)ezo  I'l 

"  "     '     Vi 


iU'se  el  viento,  iitriiciiiiios  hi  ]miua  i'.K.  ile 
lie  Sail  .hian  ]iiiia  dar  fnndo  11   la  parte   K.  de 
I'lijUi'  ciiiiseiiuinios  11  las  niieve  ile  la  noclie. 

(iliictii  pi'iiici])iil  de  tniiiar  este  ancliulero  era 
I'liservcr  en  cl  una  emersion  del  jirimersatclite 
II]  liter 

i'limlear  estaba  la  niarca  ]inrailii  ;  so  e.xaiuiiii'i 
luzii,  y  iiiinca   jiasi'i  de  una  luilla  y  media  ]inr 

.■11  iliii'ccion  al  S.S.K.  hasla   las  Ires  y  media, 

^ta  liora  cambii'i  jiara  adeiitro.     Subii')  el  a.uua 

liiiii  niieve  |iies. 

sii'te  de  la  niahaiia  se  dexi'i  seiitir  una 
Minn  ]iiir  cl  S.S.l'^. :  con  clla  dimos  la  vela 
|(i|i|ini'i'liar  In  restante  de  la  marea  favorable  ; 

ill  I'stalia  nublado,  y  el  hoi'izniite  apeiias  era 

■"'"'■"■     ''•"■• el  vieiito  para  atravesar 


lia  iiiilla.    C'cniiuns 


pta  ilcl  E.,  110  solo  ])iira  sej,'nirla  y  no  jierder 
fa  del  Canal  de  lliicnies,  ipie  va  ))or  entre  la 
It  este  nnnibre  y  lii  cnsta,  sino  tambieii  para 
kl'liis  i.ilotcs  que  hay  a  la  mediaiiia  del  canal 

■  esliiliimins,  y  sobre  Ins  ijlli)  110s  i'es]ialdaba 
jtii'iite  cull  rapidez.  A  pro]ioi'cion  ipie  fiiinins 
jl'J  li  la  incdiania  I'lie  tesando  y  alargandose 
luilina:  arriliamosal  iiasoiiuenos  aceiciibamos 
T^ta  ilcl  !•;.,  y  ci.isleainos  las  ilos  Islas  Alorros 

laiixilid  lie  ]a  virazmi  ipie  ajniutri  ]ior  cl  S. 

Ila.'i  (ii'lio  (l(.  la  niafiana  des)iejando  cl  cieln. 

lii'K  li  la  ]niiita  S.O.  del  Canal  de  Cliiemes,  y 
>  I'M  I'l  navepuido  al   princii>in  a  medio 


jiasslnu'  that  ]ilace  the  spriims  were  scanty  and  the 
ualiT  of  bad  tasU'.  He  ali'  ulial  was  i;iven  to 
liiiii  willi  di'cciii'c.  iniilaiiuu  niir  iniinns.  wliirh  lie 
always  raicfiilly  observed,  in  all  lliiiins.  lie 
ri'iiiembered  the  names  of  all  the  Kni,'lish  iiiid 
Spanish  ca]itailis  who  bad  visiled  llie  coast  nf  llie 
iiiaiiilalid  and  the  ari'liipcla.i.'ns  of  ( 'laiiciiad  ami 
Nooika,  and  lie  also  informed  us  thai  there  were 
two  lari,'e  vessels  within  llie  Strait. 

When  we  were  near  the  roadstead  of  hiliza  three 
canoes  upproached  the  "  Me.sicana,"  with  four  nr 
live  Indians  in  each,  but  witlmnl  wantiu.i;  In  cniiie 
alnii'iside 

Al  1  1  in  the  moruiiiL;  we  siicceciled  in  miikini^ 
tlie  pint  of  Cnrdova,  and  we  anchored  in  six 
falhnnis  of  water,  .sandy  boitniii,  in  the  snuiliern 

|iiui  nf  the  anchoi'iiixe Tctiicus   took 

lea\e  nf  US  with  the  i,'rcatest  enrdiality,  and  went 
aslinre 

Ill  the  afternoon  we  landed  and  visited  the  liiit.s 
ol'  Tctiicus,  where  there  were  about  tifly  Indians. 
.  ,  .  .  Tetacus  was  exccediiiLtly  friendly  to 
his  i^'uests  ....  and  we  returned  nii  Imard 
vciy  well  satistied.  At  ni;,'lil  it  was  ]ierfeetly 
(liiiet  in  the  port,  and  we  exerci.sed  such  vii,'iliiiice 
as  was  necessary  to  prevent  any  chiiiice  of  mis- 
adventure    .... 

The  ]iort  of  ('nrilnva  is  beautiful 

It  was  in  this  ]inrl  that  the  schoouer  "  Satiirniiia" 
had  to  tire  upon  the  canoes  of  the  inliabitants  to 
defend  the  launch  of  the  ]iacket-linat  "San  Carlns." 
wliiih  ciinie  in  her  com]iaiiy,  and  of  which  they 
obstinately  endeavoured  to  ;_'el  jinsscssion. 

As  the  weather  had  been  sn  favourable  as 
to  enable  us  to  determine  the  latitude  and  lon,i;i- 
tude  nf  the  ]ioil  in  the  day  time,  we  wci.Lthed 
at  ;i  ill  the  mniniiiu'  with  the  tide  j,'niiig  nut.  Frmii 
S  in  llie  moriiiiiL;  we  beniin  to  en.jny  the.  breeze 
which  spriiui;-  u])  lightly  IVoiu  S.S.'W.  AVe  steered 
for  the  middle  of  the  channel  to  have  the  wind  in 
all  its  fnrce,  and  to  seek  the  Islands  nf  I'mnillii, 
which  are  11  j^nod  mark  for  the  course.  We  ]iassed 
some  very  strnn;,'  races,  and,  haviii.i,'  sighted 
the  islands,  we  made  for  them  and  left  them  on 
the  starboard  hand.  At  o  in  the  afteinoon,  when 
the  wind  be,i;an  to  fail,  we  neared  the  S.K.  jinint 
of  the  I.sliiud  (if  San  .liian,  in  order  to  cast  anchor 
at  its  ca.stern  ]iart,  which  we  etlected  at  '.'  at  ni^lit. 

The  priucijial  object  of  takin.e;  this  ancliorii;_'e  was 
to  nliserve  there  an  emersion  of  the  chief  satellite 
of.liipiter 

On  auchoriic.'-.  t!:e  li  .  was  at  ihv  slack;  its 
I'nicc  was  examined,  and  it  never  exceeded  a  mile 
and  a-lialf  an  hour  in  the  dircitinii  nf  S.-S.!'].,  until 
l;alf-|iasl  11,  when  it  cliini,L;cd  fnr  the  direction 
inwards.     The  water  rose  from  S  to  i)  feet. 

At  7  in  the  iiinrninL;  a  breeze  was  felt  from 
S.S.K. ;  with  it  we  set  sail  to  avail  ourselves 
nf  the  reiuiiiiider  nf  the  favnunible  tide;  the  sky 
Mas  cloudy,  and  the  horizon  scarcely  a  mile.  We 
hiiLiveil  the  wind  to  cross  to  the  east  coast,  not  only 
in  order  to  follow  it  and  not  to  lose  the  mouth  of 
the  channel  of  (Jiieines,  which  runs  between  the 
island  of  that  nitme  and  the  coast,  but  also  to 
double  the  islets  v  liieh  are  in  the  middle  'of  the 
channel  in  which  we  were,  and  upon  which  the 
current  was  drivini,'us  with  rapidity.  In  ]iroportiun 
as  we  were  getting  into  mid-channel  the  breeze 
freshened  anil  veered  aft ;  we  bore  away  whilst  we 
ucared  the  eastern  coast,  and  we  coasted  aliiiij;  the 
two  ]\Iiirros  Isliinds  with  the  aid  of  the  breeze, 
which  was  direct  S.  from  S  in  the  niorninjf  and 
cU'iircd  the  sky.  We  reached  the  S.W.  point  ul' 
the  channel  of  Oiiemes,  and  wo  entered  it,  navi- 


11  < 


Appendix 


26 


fVcu  ]imii  libcvtanio.-i  dc  In  wiliiiu  ilc  lii  custii ;  ]ii'in 
yii  ilt'ntm  liMiii'i  t'l  viuiito  su  iliri'ccioii,  y  u". 
llcciriiMMis  li  111  del  Sill'  |iill'il  lilii'l'liinins  ilr  l;i 
I'liciyii  (Ic  lii  ('diiiciib'  ciiiiliiiviii,  i|lli'  S('iii|ili'  ciiii- 
tVlin'MtliniMS  Cdll  liillc'liii  vi'Mliljil,  |illi'S  Mlllli|llr  rl 
vii'iito  csliiliii  lliixd  niiilaliaiiins  lirs  uiilln-i  y  iiii'diii 
j)or  liiini.  I.ii  iiavciiiiiidii  ciu  iiiiiy  iiuiMiliililc  |iiir 
ill  IViiiidiisd  dc  111  ciisliis.  \'a\  la  del  X.,  i|iU'  ;i  l;i 
ciitiiidii  cs  i!  ■  |)liiyii,  viiiios  mill  laiulicria  |iii'i.Niiiia 
I'l  lii  |iiiiil  S'.O.,  (|iie  I'Xiiiniliiidii  run  id  aiiliM.jii  >r 
liiilli'i  cnii  islir  en  diw  cii'^as  i^randi's  ;  vaiins  liidins 
CDi'iii-  II  li  lii  pliiyii,  sc  cinliiirriirnii  en  iinn  imihiii. 
y  t'-  liiriuii'i'iiii  ii  Ins  ,L;iili'las,  diiiidiiirs  ra/.ii  cini 
tlllliO  llcit.'l'tii  ciiiiKi  ]iiidiiTil  liiiccllii  el  111  I-  cxiH'I'ln 
iiiiiriiui  ....  Miiliv  tiiiili)  sci^iiiiii..;  Ill  cnsla 
del  Siir  del  ciHiai  ]iiir  ciiiiii  lirnziis  dc  a;.;iiii  rmido 
nvcnn  lia.stn  la  iniiila  S.lv,  y  i\r<iU'  i -la  l^i  alivvr- 
srtiniis  dirii^ii'iiddiiiis  li  la  |,iiiiid  lajada  dil  S.V...  i\v 
111  i|lU'  |iiisiiiiid.s  li  limy  cditii  di.^laiicia  ]iaia  ^i '_;ilil' 
111  L'dStii  dc  111  Isla  lie  (iiicims,  y  ]idi-  ilia  y  la. 
"  Tivs  HcMiiiuiiis  "  diriuiiiids  id  Sciin  dc  <  l;i-^td;i. 

LucL,'!!  i|ilc  ddliliiiiids  la  |iiiiUa  X.M.  iiijciliinin:; 
uu  I'lilinii,  y  I'uc  ncrc-iaild  ariidii-  ,i  Ids  rciiin-i  iiara 
VPVificilv  cl  ]iiisd,  cdiitrarc^laiidii  al^niiiis  \;ii|dliiia,i 
L'SCilSllS  del  O.S.O.  (|iic  sc  d];nl|iall  ;  |ii|ci  lllc;;ii 
(|ilc  inL-ialilds  las  islas,  llaiiiii  il  viciild  al  I',  y 
ccniiiids  aliicitds  pni'  luiliiii'  |iai'a  iiiinilar  la  I'liiil.i 
dc  Siiliiiiii.  HI  caliir  iiicdiiniilalia  iimrlid,  juics 
iiiiiii|iic  cl  Icriiiiiiiictrd  ii  la  siimliiii  cstnlia  en  la 
Lfnidniieidu  lciM]iliida,  c.\|nieslii  al  sril  siiliia  li;!>I,; 
vicutc  y  iiiicve  iiradiis  y  incdid,  y  ami  liiiliicra 
siiliidi)  inns  si  no  liiiliii'raiiins  salida  li  ciii'"iilr;ii  la 
Cdiiiclitc  del  vicllln. 

A  liisciiicd  cntalili'icslc  |idr(.'l  S.  :  liiciincs  i-iinilin, 
y  iiiis  iiilci-iiaiiins  en  cl  Scim  dc  (iastun,  ipic  amii|iic 
nil  cstalia  del  tiidii  vccdiidciild  cdsleaiiins  sii  |.arlc 
]•].  imi'ii  diriuiniiis  ii  sii  fniidd,  y  ver  si  iciiiii  cii  /l 
iiI,l;iiii  canal.  I'll  \icnld  I'lic  rclVcscando,  y  liivniv- 
cidiis  dc  (-1  cstiiliiiniiis  ill  aiidelicccv  satisrcclai,;  ilc 
i|iie  i|iliiiidti  mas  liahrin  mi  lin  ]ici|iiend  en  sii  jiailc 
iiilcriiiv.  1,11  cdstii  i|m'  In  roriiialia  era  (\v  linr.i 
iiaxii  y  ancnailiza  iinc  ciirria  |iia'  oilic  dns  Imiias,  y 
I'l  iilyiiiiii  disliinciii  ii]iiiiciitiiliaii  canal  :  cl  rmiddcia 
dc  scis  ii  sietc  lirii/iis  |)icilia,  y  pciisiiliiiinns  lidiileai- 
)iiirii  ccliiiviids  fiicra  i|iiaiidd  caiinns  cii  ciiird  ^rcdii 
dura,  ]idr  In  ipic  sc  ]irctii'ii'i  t'liiidciir.cniiliiiidd  cdiiid 
Iiastii  ciildiiccs  liatiiiiiniis  visln  que  cl  vicntu  sc 
i|iicdiiliii  CII  la  lini-lic.  I  siliiiicidii  era  Inii'iia 
jiiiva  (U'xnr  cacr  cl  iiii(da,  y  |)oilcr  rccdiiiiccr  inns 
jiriilixninciitc  la  |iailc  inlerinr  ilc  la  cnsciiadii  en  In 
niannnn  sii^iiicnlc.  Alcrrnnids  Idiln  njinrcjn,  nvisci 
id  tiiiidiiid  dc  la  "Siilil"  dc  i|iialrd  liva/.as  dc  I'dndd, 
y  sc  ilcxi'i  caev  el  aili  In  ;  ]iciii  dcs|)iies  ^r  i.niiir 
treiiiln  lirnzns  ilu  cidile,  sc.  linllii  In  ijulcln  en  dns  y 
inediii  do  ii,t,'iiii. 

rniiiedintainciitc  iiiiindii  cl  ('oiiii'iiidnnlc  siindar 
]idr  la  ]iii|ia  y  las  niclns  ;  li  dns  cnlilcs  i\v  distaiiri;i 
HI  liidliil'iiii  dci  Inazns,  '•  sc  rdiidcii'i  i|iic  cl  alula 
lialiiiicnidd  I'n  Ires.  l!.>la  ei[iiivdcacidii  del  tininiicj 
niis  )iiisii  en  iiin\  inalii  sitiincidii.  Sc  imsi'i  In  imilic 
Clin  euidnild,  y  diirniite  (mln  clln  \.iclii  cl  n^;ii,i.  i\r 
siicrlc  Hill!  ill  ninaiiccev  esuiliaiiins  cii  mm  liia/a  y 
liiedin.  llnliiniiiiis  \isld  clai'idadc.-.  id  S.K.  dc  la 
iiHiiitiiuii  del  ( 'aniiclii.y  ami  .1  \c(:cs  .ilu'iiiins  llainii- 
vndii.s,  serniles  i|iie  no  dexiiriiii  diida  i|iic  liny  vul- 
I'liniis  cull  I'licrl cs  cni]icidiies  cii  lujiiellns  ccicniiins. 
Lii  A[c.\iciinii  lialiin  rmiilcndd  idiiiii  i]vyi  cnlilcs  nins 
ill  ().,  y  en  iiiedin  Iniiza  inciins  dc  a;^iia  ;  cl  vieiild, 
que  lialiia  sd|iladd  en  l;i  luiclic  Imstalilc  IVcscn  ]inr 
el  S.S.H.,  liabin  levnnlndi)  nlumi  innicjndn,  cini  Id 
quo  eiiiiiezi'i  il  tucnr  dc  |id|in.  Diii  una  cs|iin 
iiiiiiediiilcinnnlecim  .su  l.iiiclin,  y  solniMdln  irnlii  dc 
dar  luvcln  sin  liuyu'  el  cnbo  linstii  estnr  en  vicntu. 


L'litiii;,' id  llrst  in  i"id-(iinmiel  tdiivnid  tlu; 


!  caiiii , 


III  111'  inn 


the  ciia-l  ;  liiil  wlieii  within,  tlic  wind  lunk  i'H  ■•''  '"'" 
dilcclidn,  and  uc  ncnicil  llliit  nl'  the  S.  tn  m.  ■>'''''''"'" 
ihc  I'divc  iijilic  iiiiiir.iry  ciirrciii,  wliicli  \vc  iihi.^''''"""'* 
vcsislcil  Willi  .ulcal  nil\nlilii;;c,  fill'  idlliiiiij;li  !|B'"' I" 'i'l.f 
wind  \Mis  sliiiK  \M'  went  tliree  miles  nnd  ndiulf  .B""  "l'-^'' 
limir.  Till'  iiaNi.unliiiii  "ns  M'ry  |ilciisniil  IVnin  |.«E-i;i'iii'i:i  i' 
Wdiiilinc-s  dl'  I  lie  cdiisls.  (»n  liinl  (if  tlie  X.,  \ii:;B"  '"  ''■'*r 
i,l  llic  ciilinnic  is  n  licncli,  wc  snu'  ii  sliitiuu  |,,.B>  Imiidii/ 
llif  X.W.  |iiiilll,  which  nil  lieilii,'  e.xiiiililieil  wiil.B'"'"'",  ''" 
lclescd|ie  was  seen  lii  cinisist  of  two  liil;,'e  liiiii-,B  "  "''^"''' 
severnl  Indiniis  inn  In  the  lieiicli,  cinliaiknl  ii.B'''""''' '''' 
caniic  and  made  lui'  llic  schdiiiicrs,  j;i\iii;' ilB"'  ''I""' 
cliiisc  willi  as  iiiiich  skill  as  the  must  e.\]ierl  sriu;,^'" '"'"'"'' 
.  .  .  .  Mcaiiu  liilc  wc  rnlldwcd  the  siiiillh 
111'  ihc  channel  in  li\c  fntlmnis  nl'  wiiter,  ., 
lidllnni,  Id  llic  S.l'!.  |idinl,  and  rrnlii  ihal  wi'  iii„ 
il  idwaids  the  X.l'!,  |Miinl,  IVniii  which  we  |i!-^ 
ill  a  MTV  slmn  di  lame  In  liilldU-  llic  roast  „■  ■■Imiiciliilt;! 
llaiid  df  Clieiii.',,  and  liy  that  and  the  ■TMl"'"' I''"'' 
Si -Ills"  to  iiiikc  I'di-  the  liny  orCastdii.  ■«  l^'"  'H'll' 

.\s  siidii  as  we  dolllilcd   the  X.K.    piiilit    wr 
iiecaliiicd.  .iiid  il  wns  ii'.'ccs.siiy  to  re.sdvt  di  tin- 
to  make  ilic  ii.issayc,  I'oislin.u:  sonic  .sciinty  ln.-j 
tVdiii  \\'..S.\\'.  which  o|i|ioseil  lis;  Init  iis  sikhi;;, 
|i,is-,ed  the  islnilils,  the   wind    \  ccleil  to  (he  M'  _ 
we    hnilled    IVcc    to    {loit     to    doiililc    the    I'nii/.H.^'  "•    ''*-'! 
Solniio.   The  heiit  wnssi'iy  distressiii,^;,  liir.iiltl;-^':',''''''  ■^'  ' 
the  thernioinetcr  in  Ihi'  shiiilc  wns  at  llicteiii| 
dcmee,  when  c.\|idseil    to  the   sun    il   ruse  tn 
dcLireis,  nnd  winild  c\cii   have  risen   hi^^lier  i; 
liiid  not  udiii'  iiiii  td  meet  till'  curieiil  dilluMi 


li'llllllll    Cl 

ii-c  liiern 

liieii'seii 

trliii>  ;,'iil]ic 

Ili<|ilU'S  (1 


'■mil  |io 
|lii'i.  y  iiiiji 
'."   i|ilc    e 

Ollllll.     I  II 

Mh'llriniies 

M  ."i  dVldck  the  wind  .setth'd  rroiii  the  SiB""-,.*; '^i  " 
made  our  coiirse,  nnd  we  went  into  the  IlivB'' '''"'•'  ''' 
Castoii.  .Mthoii-h  il  was  mil  iit  nil  .siirvevniBl'Y'"'*  '" 
coasted  aloiiL;  its  easlcrn  |iiiil,  in  order  In  iimk-B''^'''"'  ^^^W 
its  cxtrcmilv,  ,ind  to  sec  if  there  was  iiiiv  i.liii^P''"^-  ^'-"A 
in  il.  The'  wind  Mill  rrcshened,  iind' liiv. •-'''■ '";l'i  ' 
thereliy,  we  were  l.y  ni-ht-l'nll  siilislied  tLlB'' 'j'  '''''.'' 
could  hnvc  111  niosl  Inii  n  siiiidl   river  in  itv  '.'^^r  I 

linit.  The  Min.sl  which  hirnieil  it  was  nl  B"™".""."  ' ^\ 
iimndntcil  laiul,  which  ran  hctwccn  two  liil'iM'"""""'"'' 
and  at  .soiiic  distniicc  they  ii|i|iciireil  lo  lie  iirli,i'.^f  ^"  j"""'.'''| 
'I'he  (h'|ilh  wns  IVdiii  C  tn  7  hithiiiiis,  stony,  m.iB";;  ''''  ''i''; 
were  ididiil  to  tack  to  ^ct  d,it  when  we  Irll  iij  '"'•^""'  ^1 
lathiiins  liard  chalk,  whcrchirc  it  was  thnii^'l«''''''''.  '|iii'[ 
td  anclior,  reckoning;,  lis  we  hnd  I'lnind  until  JBI"'''."'"'"''^I 
thilt  the  wind  would  continne  in  the  niiilil.  W.V''"'"''l| 
sitiinlioii  wns  liivdiiralile  lor  ca.^tini;  iiiu-h"r,;;i:lB'  ',""."'  . 
cMiniinin,^'  more  caicl'iilly  the  inner  pnrt  ilB'"'  '''.'''"''I 
inlet    on    the   I'dllowiiiL.'   inorninLr.     We  iiiih-B''V"""'. 

I'nsl.    the    .stccrsniiin    of   the    "  Siitil"    fe^'iU'ina  viral 

liithdins  dciitli,  and   the  iriiclnir   was  drii|i| 
iil'ler  paying;  out  :lll  ralhdins  nl'  ciihlc,  the  <A' 
was  Idiind  tn  he  in  2  and  ii-hnll'  rnlhiniis  nlw 

The    ( 'oimiiander    ininicdintely    iiiilereil  >' 
inus    lit     the     slcrii     and    the     i|ii:!rtcis ;   >:'. 
rallies   ilistaine   twiiliilhoins    weic    loiiiiil.  :i:B''"''' '''  ' 
:mis  asccllaiiicd  thai  the  anchor  had  lalleii  in'- 
This  mistake  of  ihc  sleersmiin  placed  ii-< 
awkwiird  siiiiation.     T'hc   iiiuht    was   1""  '  WV'!','' '"'' 
nli.xicty,    and    during;-  the   whole   of   it   tin' »  "  j '""'' 
dcerc.iscd,  so  lliiil  lit  diiylii'ciik  we  were  iiiiiLB^'""'       * 
ajid-n-hnlr.     AVc    had    seen    illiiminiitieii^  '• 
S. I'l.  Ill'  llic  miinntain  of  ('iirnielo,  nnd  ev.i; 
Hushes   lit  times,  indications   which    left  li" 
thill  there  arc  voleimoes  with  .strmi.t;'  eiii|'ii 
those     ]iiirls.      The    "  Me.vieiiiiii "    hiul    iiiii 
iilioiit   two  cnlilcs  more  to   (he  W.,  iiiiil  in! 
rntliom   less   wiiler;    the   wind    which  IkhI  ' 
jiretty  freshly  in  the   iiiclit  from  S.S.l'l.,  Ii;i! 
il  swell,   witli    which    it   lici,'iiii    to    tmicli  ■■ 
stern.     Shi!  immudiatcly  gave  out  a  wniji  ^' 


•"  1 11  siell 
'llvltll    lie 
'liiislii  eii| 
i''  iiiiiirlif 
".use    I 


Siis  sei;iiri| 
lll'li-illlii.s. 


37 


ti>  nviiid  the  Mliii 
till-  wiliil  liink 
i  nV  llic  S.  h>  ,r. 
■Ill,  wllicll  \M'  :ilw 
..,.,  I'nl'  iillliiill^li  !!, 
(■  iiiilrs  mill  ii-li;ill'  i 
'\\  lllfilSilllt    riniii  ['. 

liml  III'  till'  N-.  «li; 
i\  saw   11  sUaiuii  u. 

'ill^   CMIlllilll'll  will 

,,|'  iwii  lar.iii'  li'iii 


iitiv  tnntn  111  "  Sniil  "  s(!  llmnrni  iiiipii'  tlol  (imln, 

SI'   liiilli'i    I'M    ilm    'n'.i/Hs    lie    iij,'iiii  ;    sii    rstiilia 

.tii'iiilii     I'l    l"iti'    para     iliir     la     \'i'Ia     i|iiaiMlii 

j-,,fti|jiiis    i|ili'     la     "  Miixii'alia        lailua      \aiai|ii, 

ir  Id  i|iir  SI'  viiMi'i  ii  I'l'liiii-   I'lii'rii,  y  .sc  in  i!ii\ii'p 

III   iiiixiliarla.      ilaliia   Icliriln   ai|iii'l!ii    i^cilda  la 

iy.T.iii;!  ill'   M'liiisi'li'  el  aiii'liili',  i|i|i'   lialiia    il ulii 

III  III  rs]iia,  y  HI'  liallalia   imiy  r\|iiii'sla  a  iliir 

liiinila/ii,    siciiilii     |iiTri.-n    ii    la    ;;itiili'    liaicr 

iiH'ii  ripii  lii.i  iriiicis  |iiiia   i'\  il.'r  I'sti'  ill":  i-ilri'. 

;l"Slltil"    taillliirll    sell'    \liin    I'l    iillcia    I'll    I'l 

111  ^liiiiti'  ill'  '''"'  '■'  ^'''"'  V  l"'!'  |iviiiilip  i]iio  SI'  aciiilii't 
l„'ai'li,i'liil';ilKi'ill!.«  ^,|  ,,,,.,|.,.i„,  van',  fll' scis  pii's  rscasn.s  ilc  a-ila; 
rliiMilRTS,  lilMll-  ll-^,„  ,„|„,„|;,;  las  ilrliiiliis  iirovi.lciii'ias,  al  imIh.  ,!,. 
Ill'  iiliist  I'Xlii'll  ■•i':il;.: 
illiiWcil  till'  willlli 
„iius    III'   wiiti'i',  m:^ 

,1   IVnlll  llllll  ^Vf  111 

rnnii  wliii'li  ^\«  l"-.'l 
fdUiiw  till'  ii'ii^L  I'' I 
iliai    anil  llin'T 
ly  ,,1'  Castiili. 
Ii'r  N.K.  liiiiiil   wi'  ' 
laiy  liivi'smi  In  tin- 
u^'  soiiii'  si'aiity  111" 
(1  us;  liiit  lis  >iiiiii' 
il    vri'Vi'il  til  till'  W 
,,    (Idllllll^    till!    I'liii.'.] 

clislvi'ssinij;,  I'liiMilil- 


iiiiiisalii'liiii  las  iliK  ;i  llnlc. 


Ill  111  nil  s; 


lliiiiiciliataiiu'liti'    .SI'    iii'iii'i'ilii'i    il    ili-.|.Miii'r    Ins 

Vm-i  ]iiira  ilav  la  vela  y  rniiiiiiiiar  la  iiavi'uarinii, 

|ii  liis  iii'liii  y   MU'ilia   1  ifiaiia   ya   rsiali.in 

'iiiiilii  cull   I'l    vii'iilii  IVt'si'ii  ili'l    S.  S.  ]•'..   para 

^;ii-i'  I'lii'ia  ili'l  Si'iiii  (Ic  ( iaslmi, sin  i'N]ii'iiiiii'iit,ir 

liii'ii'si'ii   a,L!Uii    al,i;iina,   aiimpir    lialiiaii    ilailn 

jlm^  i;iilpi'S  on  i'l  t'lHiiln. 

Iii-inii's  lie  vai'iiis  luirilns   iiiiiiil.irnn   las  jmntas 

jv  II.    ili'l    Si'liii    till    (lastmi    ii     hi..;    i|iiatrn    ilr 

lliiiik'.  V  I'litriiriin    ]iiil'   rl    Ciiiiil    i|i'    rarlH'rn; 

li.'liill      imr      nu'ilin      I'l'i'Il.     '■I'lliillil'i      ali,ii     I'l 


llll''^^''''''  '"*:''''' ''''''I'mi',    V    lilllialllln    la    lliliT.'inll    (Irl    lilisllin  "'illlill. 

Ihi'  sun  It  I'usi'  ti'  ■ 
lavr  lisi'ii  lii;4lii'i'  '■ 
[Ik;  I'linvnl  of  tin- « 


1   i|ni'    I'litraniii    en    i'l.       |)rs|iiii',s    iir    salir 

liiiliil,   en    la    Knscijiiilii   ili'    l.iia,   xilims    ilus 

.m'iii'iiiiH's    iiH'imri's,    la    una    mi    apiircjii    ili' 

ini,  V  la  iitra  fun  vi'l.i  ri'ilnnilii,  ipii'  si'i;uiaii  la 

,11  liiiiiil  I'l    N.      Xii  ilililalilii.s  i[lli' prl'li'lirirriali 

\u<  iliis    liiiipu's    liiL'li'srs    ijiic    I'stalian    in    rl 

•ilm.  si';,'iin    las    iioliiias    tU:    niii'slrii    iiiiii,L;ii 

■us.    Si'j;iiiiiiii.s  sill  \iiriai'  tin  niiiilm,  |H'nsaiiilo 

;".'iivliiilii  la  niii'liii  con  pnca   vela,  y  iniianrci'V 

111  I'lnita  ill'  San  llafai'l   jiava   cstar  al  prin- 

I  ili'l    ilia    ell    li     liiira     ilr    l''liaiilali|iiiica,    i' 

iiiniiis   en    I'lla    11    xTi'ilirar   iIcmIc     liii'^u    su 

iinHiiiiii'iilii  ipii',  ciiiiiii   SI'   liii  ilicliii.  Ii'iiianms 

,vii]iiir,i  ci'i'cr  I'lii'.sc  niiiy  iiilcvc'-and'.      Alnivc- 

.  .  ,       K  lie   ilii'Z    ;i    liiici'    ill'    111    lliiclir    111    Kliscliailil 

7  rntliiiiiis,  '^'""■^■'  *'M(;arziiii,  vicmln  liu-cs  ilcnlv..  ,1,'  dla,  (|iii'  no.s 
I  niil  when  "Y  ,uH("iriiii  ipu'  Ins  laiipics  a  i|iii.  pcHcni'daii  las 
1,'l'oiv  U  "''^  "'""rf-Mivciinniicsiiiciiinvsi'staliiin  en  ai|iicl  I'limlcailcro. 
,.  hail   l.mnil   ""."■ -Ml  vi,.|ito,  (im'  vclo  frcsci.    tmla   la   in.clii',  lii/n 


scitii'ii  riiiiu  till'  ^ 

.    went    iilln   till'  ''■ 
ii.il   al   all  sinvevi. 
iiivt,  in  (ivilev  tu  iiiiik-' 
I'  there  was  iiiiyi.lii 
Vesheneil,   iiml   I'n*' 
ijit-rall  siilislicil  t'. 
.small   livi'V  in  il'- 
k   rnrmeil   it    was  nl 
II   lielwceu  iwii  liil 
aplieiiveil  lnhi'iiilwB 


[iliiiue  in  the  ni;.;lil^ 

\\,v  castiiy  iineliiii',i!i:; 

ly    till'    inni'i'  pint  i;i 

iinaiiiii'-;.     ^Ve  iiiH''' 

ill,.    '•Sulil"    11""- 

iniehiir   was  ilniVl"-' 

laii-'  III'  cahle,  tin'  ■'''' 

1  i,-hall'fatliiinisiil« 

meiliately    imleml  '« 

,,    ihe    i|uarlevs;   nl 

liiiiiis   were    rmniil^  ;i-j 

uiehiii-haili'iilli'ii'"' 


i|ilii'riiliiiis  la  ilistaiieia  liastii  eerea  ile  la  I'liiila 
lull  Kiiliii'!  li  111  una  ile  ellii.     ('eMiiiins  inii  las 
i>  iivriiiiliis  lie  111  \iieltii  lie  riiei'ii.  y  li  lasilns  ilc 
ifiiilKl  vii'iiiiiiis  lie  la  lie  ilelilrn,  sniiilaililn  ;i  )iii('ii 
n  side  lira/as  ili^  rniiiln;  \nlviiiiiis  il  idiiiar 
iiillii  lie    I'liera,  y  cimtiiuii'i  ilisiiiinnyeiiilu    el 
'liiistii  ciiicn  lira/as  arena.     Hn  estii  sltuacinii 
ill  "liiirtunii    ileMir    eaer    el     niiela    lior    im 
fiiir.^o  lie    nnehe  cii    liiiscar  la   saliila,  iii    .er 
feiite  ol  eiintiiiiiar  liiieia  la  huca   sin  teiiei  ile 
.i<  si'L;inii  iiiiiii''iniieiitii. 
^-...ili'iiliins,    v    ciui    las   jiriiiiei'iis   lures  ilel   ilia 
rrsniaii  lihiceil"siUj.«  ^^^^^_^^^|,|'^^^^^^^_,   ^.    ^^^^^^|.^^  ,.i,„al,  . 'i   la  elilila- 

„.   iii-ht    \vas  pii""»,|„ii|,„i,,  ,1,.  Siiii  l!„|',„.l  Clin  liiiai,..,i  M.  de  la 

he    ^^li"'''    "'    ".""VBlMiliiaeCi'peila. 

Nlil-eilk  we  were  111  ''^^ 

.,,'(■11    illinuilialieii>  ■ 

i,r  Carinelii,  ami  i^'^- 
timis  which  li'l'l  "'; 

s  with  stri.ne  enil'i'.;| 
MeKicana"    hu'l    •"•;■ 

■..    In    the  \V.,  mill  '»; 

I,,'   wiml   which  Iri'l 
lieht  I'rnni  S.S.H.,  li;' '1 
il  lie^iin   tn   tiimli  :-| 

:ly  giivu  out  a  WlU■ll^> 


launch,  anil  upon  tlint  <t>[  ahoiu,  hoisting  snil  vitli- 

oill  Innsill','  the  Inpe  lllilil  nicelili;,'  the  wind. 
Meaiiw  liile  the  "Sulil  "  was  .slinrteiiiiiL;  in  her 
I'lilile,  ami  WHS  roinul  to  111'  ill  twn  rathonis  water; 
.',e  were  ImistiliL;  ill  the  linal  ill  niiler  to  set,  sail, 
when  we  liotieed  that  the  "  Mexieaiia  "  had 
^^rniinded;  it  was  thereroic  j,'(il mil  ai^'aiii  and  sent 
til  her  iiHsistiiiice.  That  selmoner  liiiil  had  the 
inlsrnitiiiie  In  diiiL,'  liniiie  the  streiiiii  iinelior,  which 
she  hail  ca.si  with  ih.  wurp,  and  uii.'<  in  >,'reiit 
danuer  ol' iioiiii;  (ivi'i,  so  tliiil  it  wii.s  neces.sary  for 
I  he  nun  In  prop  Iier  with  the  mir.s  to  ]irev('iit  siieli 
a  disiisli^r.  The  "Sutil"  also  di'iii,'j;eil  home  her 
aiiehnr  at  the  luonieiit  of  setting;  sail,  and  ipiickly 
as  the  tackle  was  resulted  to  she  Ltroiiiided  in  ii 
■canty  ,.ix  feet  oi' Water;  lait  all  due  nieiins  having,' 
Illy  n  ii|i|ilied.  lit  the  elid   of  an   Imiir   Imtli   vessels 

Were   altnllt. 

I'repiiratjoiis  \\ei,'  imiiieilialely  niade  for  tlin 
\e-is,'ls  III  set  s  lil  and  coiitiniie  the  navieatinii, 
and  al  half-pa.st  S  in  the  mniniu;,'  they  were 
lacking'  with  a  fresh  .'^.S.K.  wind  to  ;,'et  out  of 
the  Hay  of  (iasinii,  and  il  was  not  fniiiid  that  they 
made  any  water,  althnii^h  they  had  freijueiitly 
struck  the  hnltnin. 

.\flei'  variniiH  tacks  they  dmililed  tin  ."s.  and  W. 
point.-,  of  the  I'.ay  of  (la  ,1,111  111  4  in  tliii  al'ternonn, 
iiiid  iiiiide  for  the  (  liaiiiiel  of  raeheco  ;  they  ) in i- 
cei'rled  liy  uiid-ehaniM'l.  the  wind  soiuewhalaliatiiiL;, 
mill  takiiiL!  the  ilirecl imi  nf  the  chiiiinel  itself  a.s 
soi'ii  as  they  eiilered  il.  After  leavini;  the  eliaiinel, 
in  the  Creek  of  Larii,  we  saw  two  sniiiller  ImatH, 
one  with  sliding  .sail  ri^".iiii;r,  the  oilier  with  si|uare 
.sail,  which  Were  fnllnwiu;^  the  cniist  towards  tliu 
\.  We  had  no  doiihl  that  they  lieloli,i,'ed  to  tho 
tun  I'ai'ilish  vessels  which  were  in  the  Strait, 
accoriliii','  to  the  iiiliirmalion  of  mir  friend  Tclaciis. 
V.'e  went  on  without  chmiuinu  course,  thinking,' 
to  iiiiviL;iite  all  ni.u'ht  with  little  sail,  and  to  Ik;  oil' 
the  Point  of  .San  Itafael  at  dayhreak,  so  as  to  ^'et 
to  the  mnnlli  nf  flnridalilanca  early  in  the  iiinriiini,% 
to  uo  within  and  to  make  the  survey  at  once, 
which,  as  has  lieeii  said,  we  had  reason  to  helievc 
wniiltl  he  Very  interesting,'.  From  111  to  12  iit 
niuht  we  crossed  the  Creek  del  (!arzon,and  saw 
lights  within  it  which  indii'iited  that  the  vessels  to 
which  the  smaller  Imals  li,'l,iii^c,l  were  ill  tlint 
michnraue. 

The  wiml,  wliirli  kept  fresh  all  ninlit,  eliiililedus 
111  make  the  distance  to  near  the  i'oint  of  San 
ii'afael  hy  I  o'clm^k.  AVe stood  oulwani  with  reefed 
to|isails;  mid  at  2  in  the  niorninx  we  veered  iiiwanl, 
snnmliim'  .snnii  in  s,'V,'ii  iathnnis  deep ;  we  ai,'aili 
.slnnd  oiiiwanl,  and  tli,'  ilepth  cnmiiiiicd  decreasing 
In  live  fathniiis  sand.  In  thissiliiatinii  it  ii|ipem-eil 
littiiiL,'  tn  ciisi  anclinr,  sn  as  nni  to  run  any  risk  in 
.si'ekiii'4'  the  niiil(.i  111  iiij,dit  ;  and  as  it  was  nnt 
]iriii!i'iit  tn  ciiiiiijnii'  near  the  niniith  witlmut 
iia\  iiiLi'  iiinie  i-,rtiiiii  kimv.  Icilne  of  it. 

We  anchon'd,  and  with  ih,.  liisl  liLrlil  of  iliiy  wu 
saw  thai  we  were  in  iiiid-cliannel,  in  a  line  with 
the  I'niut  of  San  l.'nlael.  ami  the  Kast  pniiil  nf  the 
I'eninsiila  of  (.'epeda. 


App«ndi^. 


(j  Appendi 


I)  '. 


28 


Rducion  ihi  Viaif  lurlio  por  laa  Ltuhtost  "  Utitil"  </ 
"  Mcjkuim"  cii  1 1  Auu  ilc  I7'.I2,  itc. 


I. A  luiticiii  (•(iiil'ilHii  del  ivcoiinciinit'iitcp  licclm  cm 
liV.CJ  )H)i'  I'l  jiilntii  drit'j,'!!  iliiuii  (Ic  Kiiia  ilul  Ciiiiiil 
(lu  Hii  iKiiiilm',  I'lii  111  I'liiiiii  (|iii'  liiiiaiiiiis  liiista  I'l 
and  (lu  ITH'.I.  ]Iiill;iiiil(isi'  cu  Niilkii  el  Allriv/  ilc 
Niivi'd  ])ou  KsU'liiiii  Mailiiic/,,  clcspiii's  ill'  lialicr 
toiiiaild  )i(isc'sinii  (Ic  cslc  jniciln  cli  iMHiilplc  du  Sii 
lia;,'('sta(l,  icciiiili'i  i|iiu  L'li  1774,  ili^  \uullii  t\i:  su 
L'X|ic'ilicinii  al  Nnrlc,  Ic  luiliiii  jiarciidd  vcr  una 
entradii  niiiy  anclia  ]Mir  los  48'  20'  dc  latiliid. 
Crcyciidii  que  ]iiidic,sc  scr  la  dc  Fiica.ciiniisinni'i  iii. 
se^iUlldojiilotdiMaiidaMdn  la;4oK'la  "(icllnidis"  ]iara 
(|Uc  sc,  cui'fionisc  dc  si  cxistia  c'l  no  didia  ciilraiia  ; 
en  t'tw^td  cl  ]]ili)lc(  \i)l\  ill,  dicicndc)  la  iialila  liidladu 
de  vciiito  V  una  nnllas  dc  anclm,  y  cuya  nicdiauia 
cstalm  un  48'  oO'  du  latilud,  \  I'.i'^S'  id  O.  du  .San 
Bias. 

I'aHiidils  cslas  nnticia.s  ;1  la  .sU|iciiiiriilail.  luvu 
I'li'dcn  cl  'I'cniculc  dc  Xavi'n  hmi  l-'raiiciscn  Mliza 
I'll  cl  anil  d(t  \~'.H)  jiara  liacci'  |iraitirai'  iiii  iccdim- 
ciiiiiciiU)  iniilixii  (111  cs(a  ciili'ada.  llcslimi  ;i  csta 
till  al  All'i'ic/  di!  la  niisiun  cla.ic  Umi  Manuel 
<iuiiii]jcr,  iiiaiidaiidd  la  Imlaiidia  lii  "  I'lincesii 
Ileal."  Kste  dlicial  se  liizd  I'l  la  vela  del  I'lierln  dc 
Niilkii  el  .'}1  lie  Mayd,  icciiiidcii'i  cl  I'liciln  dc 
Cliiueaiid,  so  intenii'i  dcs]iucs  en  cl  C'aiiiil  de  I'lica, 
visit!)  alj,'lin()s  jiuertds  y  |iailc  dc  la  cusla,  Icviinu'i 
su.s  pliiiios,  yse  vetirocl  1  de  A,i,'dstii,  im  lialiicuddlc 
punuitido  los  tiuniiius  cl  cdiilinuar  Ins  iraliajds. 

Al  nno  si^'uiunte  reeiliii'i  Kli/ii  ordencs  del  Viicv 
do  Xuciva  Es])iinii  ])ai'a  llevar  ;i  su  tin  cl  rccdiid- 
ciniiento  ya  eni])eziidd,  y  i|uc  eausalia  la  ciiridsidud 
do  Ills  j^oi'i^'iat'iis.  nieliii  iilicial  ,salid  de  Xutka 
niiiiuhiiidd  el  piKiuelidl  "Sun  Ciirlds "  y  unlcta 
"  Horcasitas,"  eon  hi  intcncidii  dc  clevarsc  I'l  Ins 
GO"  do  latitud,  y  deseender  cxaniinaiidd  la  cusla 
hasUl  el  Ciuiiil  de  Kuca,  e  iiilerinviziirse  eii  el  |iaia 
reciinoeei'ld  ediiiiilelaiiieulc  ;  ]icrd  im  iicrniilienddlc 
Id.s  viontds  eu  niuC'lms  dias  cl  i^aiiar  al  X.,  lesnh  io 
e,ni]ieziir  Ins  rccondeiniieiilds  jmr  Ins  48',  y  onvni.'i'i 
ol  eiinal  cl  din  '27  de  Jlayn.  I'cniianecii')  en  el 
liasla  el  7  dc  Aj,'dsld,  en  ([Ue  se  vii'i  jirceisadd  li 
rctirarso  ])di'  lener  ya  esi'iirliuliia  imile 
tri]mlaeiiiii,  y  earceor  de  diclas  ]iara 
V.n   cslc  lieni]id   luzu   levautar   pla 


lie    su 
siiiiiinisiiarle. 

_  ,       _,._ jiliiiius  lie  alijiiniis 

piu'i'lds,  y  exaniiiiar  uii  Irn/.n  dc  la  cusla  al  |iilol(i 
Don  .losejih  Narvacz,  no  piidiciidd  vei'ilicarlo  por 
si  ii  causa  do  liabei'  eaidd  ciilcnini. 

|)evueluii'i  NiitUa  cscriliiri  al  \'in'y  dc  Xiieva 
Kspana  las  resullas  dc  su  viaye,  y  iles|iiics  dc  olras 
lelloxioncs  dice: — "  Asc^urandd  li  \'.  1'!.  i|iic  el 
]iaso  al  Oceano  ipio  eon  liiiiln  aiilield  lui-ciii  nine 
eslii  cdsta  las  niii'inncs  cxlraii^cnis,  si  es  ipie  lo 
liay,  me  jiareeo  iiu  IuiILiim.'  por  oUa  parte  nue  iior 
esto  'Trail  canal." 


A    IliJi-niiiT    to    till-     Voi/(ii/c    of    Siib-lii  iitfn»4 
Dun  Miiiiiiil  (Jiiiiiijxr,  ill    17'JI),  Id  flii:  SlmH 
Finn,  I  lifiiftiil  from  Cluqikr  I  vj'  llu-  iXdiriii'i 
iif  fill    yoi/iii/r  of  llif  "  Siiti/"  iinil.  "  Mc.ammi;'  \ 
17'.»2. 

TTIE  eoiil'iiscd  aecdiiiit  of  tlio  cxaiiiilialiiiii  tuajl 
in  l."i'.i2   liy  tlic  (liedi    I'ilol  .loliu  dc  Kui-ii  h|' ;ij 
cliaiiiiel  uliieli    liears  his  name  was  the  mily, 
\vc    had    U|i    lo   the    year    1781.1.     Suli-l,ii'uti.i,,i|j 
(Alli'Vez  i\v  Naviii)  I)iiii  Kstclian  iMiirlilie/,  lii'in; 
Niinlka,  alter  lia\ili;i  taken    pos.sessinli  ol' lliiil  i., 
in  ihe   iiaiiic  of  Her  Miijcsly,  stated  llna,  in  1" 
ill  rctiiriiin;^   rioiii   his  expedition  to  the  Xmlli.; 
lliiiiiLihl    he  saw   a   very  wide  cnlraiiei^  at  4H  : 
laliliidc.      I'lelicvili;,'  thai  it  niij,'lil  lie  thatnrFi:! 
he  diierlud  a  second  mate  fjiiloto)  in  coiiiiuii 
the    schiioiier    "(icrtriidis"    to  iiscerlaiii  \\\w\].\ 
ihat  ciitraiu'c  cxistiMl  or  mil.     'I'ho  mate  ivtiirii"| 
s.iyiiiL,'  that    he   had   round    it  to   ho   iwi'iiiv-'Ci 
iiiih.'s    wide,   and    its  centre    in    48     ;iO'   |||li^;,^ 
I'.l    28'  west  111' .San   I 'das. 

'I'licse  aceiiiints  having  heeii  sent  on  tn  ;J 
authorities,  l.iciUcnaiit  l>oii  l''nineiseii  1]J 
reet'ived  orders  in  the  year  17'.'ll  tii  limv 
minute  survey  made  nt'  that  enti'i'iicc.  Hu  J 
)iiiiiiled  Suli-I,icuti'i!ant  Pon  Manuel  (,iiiiiii[J 
who  tiimmaiideii  Im-  sloop  "  I'rinccsa  IJi'iil," 
thai  ]iurpose.  The  .saiil  odiecr  .sailed  IVniii 
J'oit  of  Xiiiitka  on  the  IlLl  of  .Xlay,  e.viiiu;i.| 
the  I'lirt  of  Clauiaiid,  al'tcrw  irds  pcncliiiti'il 
Clianiiel  of  [''ilea,  surveyed  so  iic  )iorts  anil  iwnl 
the  eoasi,  drew  plans  of  llieiii,  and  ictireil  mi:! 
Isl  of  .Viii^iist,  the  weather  liol  liaviiij,'  ulluii 
him  to  eontiniic  his  lahoiirs. 

In  the  followinj,' year  Kliza  received  (irikTsd 

the  N'iecioy  of  Xcw  S|iain  t iin|ilote  the  exaii.J 

lion  already  hciiuii,  and  which  cxciliMl  tla;  rmi  • 
of  L,'co,L;ra)ilicrs.  That  ollicer  lefl  Xnotka  in  .. 
iiiaiid  of  the  luiekel  "  San  Carlos  "  and  the  sclnv 
"  Jloreasitas,"  intendinj,'  to  j,'o  nj)  to  (iir  lntir.l 
and  lo  come  down  and  examine  the  coast  l" 
Channel  of  Kiiea,  then  to  enter  therein  In  exaiiJ 
it  eom]iletcly  ;  Imt  the  wind  not  allowing;  liiuii 
many  days  to  lj-cI  lo  the  north,  ho  deteniiiiiiii| 
lic^jin  his  examinations  at  48',  and  eiitcivil 
I  haniiel  on  the  27tli  of  May.  JIo  rcmaiiicil  i 
till  the  7th  of  .\uj;ust,  when  he  foUllil  liiltl 
olilij,'cd  to  retina  hccauso  ])art  of  his  cri!W  liii.l 
scurvy,  and  lie  had  not  the  necessary  tlitt 
tlioiii.  During  this  time  ho  caiLsod  ]iliiiis  t' 
made  of  some  of  the  ])(irls,  and  had  ]iarl  ul 
coast  oxaininod  hy  ihu  mate  Don  .(oscpli  X'lin^ 
beiiij,'  unalile  lo  do  it  "liimsolf  beeause  he 
fallen  siek. 

On  his  return  to  Xootka  lie  wrote  the  ivmiIH 
his  voyage  to  tlio  X'ieeroy  of  Xew  Spuiii,  .J 
after  other  reiiiavks,  ho  .said: — "  Assiuiii;' vl 
I'Aecllcney  thai  the  pas.sau'e  to  the.  Ocean  »i| 
forcij^ii  nations  seek  for  so  eagerly  on  tlii,-^  iiu-'f 
there  be  one,  will  not  be  foiiiid,  as  it  iipiitaKl 
me,  eUowhere  than  by  this  great  channel.' 


(i/    Sitb-Liintmi 
7yO,  Id  Ihc  Slfint  r| 
:,■  I  (//■  till  Snnvl  \ 
mill  "  Ml. Ill 'I  M,' 


29 


No.  V. 


I'XllllllllllUlIll  in 


il'll 


/),r/((i'///"(i.'(  ';/'  "'.  tf.  MiXiill,  ir.  Mililiill,  I'lijiliiiii  Sirniixiii,  }fiM,.i,  Aiiili  i.-iiiii,  U,  <!.  f.nri.t,  mn/ 
Ji'iiilin/siiii,  .lA'i/r/'  Mil  rim  IS,  dv.,  irlm  liiiir  nuiniiiniiliil  nr  iiir  in  iiuiiiiiiinil  oj  I'lsmis  iiiiriiiiiliiii/  llii' 
iSIi'iiIIh  liiiii'iru   I'lniiiiiirii'n  /.slinnl  iiinl  lln'  I'miliiinil  nf  Aiin'rirn. 

'I'D  nil  III  wlimu  iIh'si'  jiri'Mi'iitM  slmll  ciiini',  I,  Miiiilii;,'iU' Williiiiii 'ryiwliill  Dnikf,  nl'  iln'Citynf 
.liiliii  ill'  I'lii'ii  (if  iLByj,!,,!!,!  I'liiviiin^  of  lliitisli  Ciiliniiliin,  lininiiiinii  lit'  Ciiimiln,  Notiiry  I'liMir,  duly  inlinilliMl,  hihI 
was  llii'  "I'ly "iiBhijiiiisiiif,',  in  inirMiiiiucc  nl'  nii  Art  nf  I'liiiiiiiiiciil  iimili^  iind  |ii\sscil  in  llii^  fitli  yi'iii'  ut'tlic  ici^n  nf  His 
^•S'.l.  Suli-l.ii!iiUii,tiHj|,|i|.^ly  Kinj,' Williinii  IN',  iiitiliilnl  "An  Act  tii  iv|it'iil  iin  Art  nf  llir  |iri'Mrnt  Si'ssiun  ut'  riii'liiinn'iit, 
Hill  Miii'iii"-'/,  lii'iii:  Sjiiijiiiji.,;  ,in  Art  I'nr  llic  nimi'  ctlcrliml  Almlilinii  nt  Onllis  miuI  .Mlirnialiniis,  tiikrii  iiinl  iiiii(li''in  viirinils 
iiissi'ssinii  III' Una  |.iB]|,,.|.||.|||||, Ills  ,,f  tin;  Stiilc,  1111(1  til  siilistitiilc    I  •(•cliiriilidiis   in   lien    thi'iciif,  iiiiil    I'lir    the   iiiniv  ciiliro 

' '^tui'l'"'^"'""  "'  ^"'""'"'•^  '""'  ''•^ti'i'.ii"li'ii'l  ""'''^  "ii'l  •^I'i'l"^''''*' "'"'  '"  niiik(^  ntlirr  iniivisinns  I'nr  tluj 
il. .lit inn  nf  iiiini'ccssiiiy  <  )iitlis,"  I  dn  ln'ii'liy  iciiily  lliiit.nii  liii'diiy  nl'  tlm  diiti'  lirrnil',  |i('i'sniiidly  Clinic  iind 
i.|if;iii'il  licl'iirc  inc,  llciiry  Slyc  Mnsmi,  iiiinicd  iind  dcsciilicd  iiitlic  dccliinilinii  licrciiiitniiniicxcd,  liciiin 
iiinsnii  wcll-kiKiwn,  niid  \V(iilli<-  nr;,'(iiid  credit  ;  iind  liy  snlcnin  dccliiiiiiinii  wliicii  tlic  siiid  Henry  Slyii 
l.is.iii  llieii  iiiiide  licl'nrc  iiic,  did  snleiniily  niid  sincerely  decliirc  In  lie  true,  tlii'  .sevenil  iiiiilters  und 
li;ii;;>i  iNciitidiied  Iind  cdiitiiiiied  ill  llie  siiid  iiiinexcd  I  >ecliiriitiiin  : — 

III  t'iiitli  mid  tesliniiiiiy  wliercnl'   I    liiixc   set  my  liiiiid  mid  seiil  nl'  dtlicc,  mid  luive  iini--cd  thu  siiiil 
KTliil'iilinll  tn  lie  lierclintn  iiilliexe(l, 

ihltcd  ill  Viclnliii,  llie  J'.Ull  dliv  nf  Se|itelillier,  A.H.  IHTI. 

(Si-iiedJ  :\1.  W.  TVllWHITT  DJtAKK, 

Nulnr//  Piihlic. 

I  licrcliy  certity,  tlmt  ^rmiti\,mic  AVillimn  'l"yi\\liill  jtrnkc,  wlmse  si;,'Miitiire  is  lieieiinid  iiltiiclicd,  in 
N'nliuy  I'lililic,  duly  iiiliiiilled  mid  |iructisiii;_,'  in  tlieCity  nl'  Victdliii,  I'ldvince  nl'  lirilisii  (.'nliimbiii, 
.iiiiiiiiiii  III'  ( 'miiidii. 

Ill  tuslininiiy  whercnl'  1  have   liereiiiilu  sol  my  Imml  and  ollicial  sual,  this  -llli  day  ut'  Uclubcr, 


staled  that,  ill  1" 
ilinii  Id  till'  Niirlk. 
c  elilvmice.  al  -tS  :| 
iii^lil  lie  llial  III' Ft 
lilnln)  ill   cnlilliiiiini 

In  a.scL'Vlain  wlnli. 
Tliu  niaU'  ri'tiiiir 

it  Id  lie  iwcinv-^ 
,    ill     IS     -M'  l;iUU,. 

lieull    KDlil    nil  li>  ;: 
Dnii     Kninciscii    1.1; 
yeav    IT'.H)    In  Iniv./ 
lial   elltvmicc.     He 
Kill    Manuel   i.'uimi' 
j,   "  rrincesa  J!(m1,         _ 
nC.icei'  sailed   Irmii  :'^i'"l- 
'ilit   nl'   Jliiy,  eXiiliiu.1 
L'vwirds  iienelviilc 

sn  lie  V""'''*  '""'  l'"^-,_ 

lelii,  and  letired  liU '■  Tliis  is  tlie  ]ia|ier  wiitiiii,'  marked  Z,  iirndiiccd  and  sluiwii  tn  AVilliani  Henry  McNeill,  AVilliaiii 
lev  iinl  liaviiii;  iittpBliiilii'll,  and  .Idliii  Swaiisnii,  and  ict'cired  tn  ill  tlieir  .suvlmiiI  dcclaiations,  iiiaiked  lesjieclively  A,  ]!, 
(',  ilcclarcd  this  liTtli  day  of  .Seiiteiiilier,  I.S71. 
Iiet'di'e  me  : 
i^Sijiiiudj  ,M.  W.  TviiWiiiTT  l>i!.\Ki;, 

Xiiliini  J'lililir. 


(Sie;nedj  I'llAIM.KS  (Iimid, 

Ciiluniid  iiixirfiiri/. 


li/.a  received  nrdi/is  1:: 
[dcomiilete  tlie  cxiiii.; 
lich  excil(Ml  tlicciiviu 
iiTV  lel't  Nndlkaiii  •■ 
.'arlii.s"  and  tliodi" 
d  yd  u]!  Id  I'll''  liitit.i 
xaiiiiiii^  the  euast  I 
enter  tlierein  In  cxiui 
lid  lint  allnwin:.'  liiii; 
iiiiilli,  lie  dutcniiiiici 
it  4S',  and   eiitciwl 
lay.     Hu  reuiaiiicil  it| 
when   lu^   fnuml  liiii-' 
part  of  his  crew  luiil 
thu   iieci^ssary  diet 
he  caused   I'liUH  t' 
rts,  and  had  |iiiil  "1 
lie  Dim  dnseiih  Ni"'' 
liiiisulf  liecausi.'  lie 

<a  he  wrnle  tin'  ic>\il'. 

rny  of   New  ^l"''"' ' 
.said:— "  Assmiiy  } 
.siv^f  Id  the  ()cc;iii«a 
1,(1  ea;4erly  nn  this  (.".'i 

I'duiid,'  as  it  iiviita 
lis  ''real  ehaiinel.' 


(Z.) 

1,  Heiiiy  Slyc  Masnii,  nf  Victniia,  in  the  I'luvince  nf  jiiitish  ('nliiiiiliia,  in  the  l>nmiiiinii  nf  Canada, 

ik  III  the  .\tt(iriicy-(  ieiicral,  dn  snleiiinly  and  siiici'icly  declare  as  fdllnws  : — 

I'liiil   the    fdlliiw  iiiy   me   the   iiilcrrni,'at(iries   siiliiiiitled   to   llerhcrl   (1.  Lewis,  Alexander  Caullield 

liplri-iiiii,  ,ldhn   Swansnii,  William    II.  McXeil,  and  William    .Alilchell ;  and   nn   the   ]icriisal   nf  which 

lMT";'Mt lilies  they   ,u:ave  llie   answers  res]iecti\ ely  cdiitaiiied    in   the  several  accnin]ianyiii!,'  StaUitory 

l.iiiitiiiiis,  marked  .\,  I'.,  I'.  I),  and  !•'. :  — 

ii'vijiilnrirs   ri/iiliri-  In  l/ii'   Xiirl/i-  Wis/    It'iilrr   Jlniini/iii'i/  (,>iii:tliiiii   aiiliiiiil/n/  In  Alr.innilir  Canljirlil 
Aiiilrrsiiii,  III  i-lii  il  II'.  Lii'-i-i,  .Ill/ill  Siniiitini,   W'illiinil  H,  MiXilll,  oiiil  Willunn  Mitfhill. 

I.  .\liiiiil   lS4."i-4li,  had  the  lliidsnn's  l!ay  ('niii|iaiiy  any  fnit  nr  settleiiieiil  nn  the  Fiaser  Itiver  ' 

-.  Ihiw  did  tradiiiu-vi'.s.scls  nr  dlher  craft  cnmiiiiinicate  with  that  fnil  nr  .selllenieiit  I'rulii  fnrei,;,'!! 
■  mill  I'rniii  nlher  settlements  nn  the  L'nlumhia  liiver,  nr  its  iici.nhliiiiirhniid  ( 

'':  The  date  nf  the  seltleiiicnt  nf  l''nrl  l.aiiudev  nn  Eraser  liivcr  '. 

4.  Ahniit  the  time  nf  the  licudtiatiiin  nf  the  'I'realy  iif  . I  line  l.S4li,  wlial  was  the  cdiiimoii  d|iiiiinii  (if 
■j  liiitain  insisting;  nii  the  d'.ltli  |iaralle!  Iiciii^-  (U'lleetcd   in  a  .snutherly  dircrlinii  tlirnuL;li  the  Straits 
|}'ni;i  Id  the  I'acitic,  instead  (if  cntliiij,'  t' nmeli  Vmicdincr's  Island  '. 

If  tn  siH'.iire  access   tn   thu  iiii.s.sessiuiis  to   the  nnrlliward  nf  4'.!' imrallel,  stale  what   )i(isscssinus 
liiilain  held  Id  the  nurthward  nf  411',  mid  where  '. 

''<■  If  the  free  naviu'iUinii  nf  the  Straits  and  luljacenl  Cliamiel  was  nut  jiiiarmitued  to  tlreat  Britain, 

imild  access  he  nlilained  Id  tlaise  pd.s.se.s.-iinns  mirth  df  4'.)"  '. 

7.  When  the  Treaty  was  signed  in  .lime  ISU'i,  imd  inevimis  td  that  date,  which  < 'haiinel  waskimwu 
iuMvl  hy  ves.selsani(iii,ust  the  islands  fniiuim;  the  ArchiiKdau'ns  hetween  Vancniiver's  IsLind  and  the 
|iliiU'iil,  Id  i^'et  access  t(i  (iiir  Diiiiiinidiis  iKirtli  nf  I'.l    ', 

^.  Fiirward  iirnnfs  and  altidavits,  le-ally  attested  hy  ca|iii,ins  nf  \essel.s,  and  nthers,  wild  made  use 
'ii- l-'llaimel  then  kiniwii.  and  their  reasdiis  fur  makili'4  use  (if  il  ; 

''.  I'lcvidii.s  In  the  siL,'niii,u  nf  the  Treaty  in  ISh',,  and  al.sn  at  that  time,  how  many  channels  were 

«ii  111  lie  naviualile  anidii.ust  the  islands  fiirmiiiL;-  the  .\ivlii|ielae()  hetween  Vaiicniiver  Island  and  tlm 
Jtiiieiilnf  Amuriua  { 

Anil  I,  Henry  Slye   Ma.smi,  ahn\o-nained,  .-dleniidy  dcrlare,  that   f   make  the  alidve  statements, 

W'litidusly  helievine;  llii^  same  tn  he  true.     .\ii(l  hy  virtue  nf  the  iirnvisiniis  df  an  Act  made  and 

Nin  the  (ith  year  df  the  rei^'ii  (if  His  Majesty  Kiiij^  William  IV,  intituled  "  An  Act  to  reiieal  an 

I't  the  present  Se-ssioii  of  I'arliament,  iuliUiled  au  Act  fur  the  muiu  ell'eelual  abolitiiu)  of  Oaths  uud 

[105]  p 


Apptndiz. 
No,  V. 


m 


II 


M 


Appendix. 


AMiiiiiiiliHii.  tiiLi'ii  mill  Hindi'  in  Miriiiii'<  I  ii'{Mitiiii'iii^nl'  tlu'  Siiiic,  mihI  In  .'<iili-'liliili'  I  tn  liiiiiiinii .  m  |,, 
llii'ii'iil,  iiiiil  lull  III'  iiiiit'c  I'liiiir  >ii|i|>i'i'-'-<i(>ii  III'  vuliiiitmv  mill  I'Vtiii'jinlirial  <  iiillis  mill  AlliiLa  j|>,  iiii,{  i 


ikc  iitl 


(I  |Mii\isiMiis  I'lir  iIk'  iiliiiliiinii  ul  uiiiRi'i'ssmv  (ImI 


(.Sijiiicilj 


IIKNKV  s.  MASKN 


Pcrlmvcl  ill  Vntnrij,  ill  '.liu  l'ii)\iin.i'  nl'  liriii'-li  ('iihiiiilii;i,  I  >iiiiiiiiiiiii  il  C'miiulii,  ilii>  •J'Jlli  ilii 


.Sc'i)lumln.T,  1871. 


Iloloi't 


(•^i^Iiii'il) 


TO  nil  wliiiiii  l! 


M.  W.  TMiWiinr  Dkak 


Xii/nni  I'liliti, 


ll'Sl'     |lll'M'lll>     >llllll     ( 


iiiic  :   1,  Mmilii^iir 


Will 


imn    I  s\\\\\\ 


II      illilkl',  III'    lllr     (    II', 


Vidiniii,   I'lnviiici'    III'    lii'iti>li  (  nliiiiiliiii,    hiiiiiiiiiiiii  III'   Ciiiiiiilii,    Niiliiry    I'lililir,  iliilv    inliiiilliil 
|iiiiilisiim  in  |iiirsiiaiiri'   III'  an    Ail   nl'  I'iirliaiiii'iil    iiiatlc  miil   |iii'«Mril   in    tin:  hInIIi  vcar  nl' IIh' iii;:ii 
His    Maji'siy   Kill;;  William    IV,  iiitiUili'il  "  An  Arl  in  IJi'|ii'iil  iin  Art  lof  tlic  niiu'd  I'll'i'i'liinl  Almliii 

ltl'|MirtIII(llls    nl'  till'    Sllllc,  liml    In   M|li<| 


mi'' 


111'  Oaths  anil  Alliiiiiatinns   tiikcii  iinil   nimlc   in    \i 

Iit'ilaraliniis    In   lirii   ilicivnt',  nnil  I'ni'  llu^  iiiiiii'  ciiiiii'  Sii|i|iri'ssinii  nl'  Miliintary  miil  t'\li'iijiiilirial  (i.itl,. 

mill  Alliihivits,  and  In  iiinki'  ntlicr  |iriivisinns  I'm'  ilii'  Alinliiimi  nf  iiiini'ii'ssiiry  Oatlis,"  dn  ln'i'i'liy  ccitii 


Ihal. 


nil  IJH'  ^\;\\  nl'  ||»'  ihilc  licrcnl',  |M'l'.-iilially  ciinir  aliil    a|i|iran  I 


l-cl, 


I',  William   ilriiiv  Ml  Ni.iHI'hIi 


ml  ik'si'iilii'd   ill   till' ili'ilaialinii    lii'ii'imln  aiiiii'xcd.  Iiciii'^  a    inTsnii  wi'll  kimw  n  mid  wmtliv 
tjnnd  cic'dil,  ami   liy  .snlcimi  di'i'lmatimi  \\  liiili  tlii'  vaiil  Williain    llt'iiiy  AlcNcill  llii'ii  imidi'  lu'l'in-c  ii,.| 
dill    snlcnilily  mid  >ilin'l'i'iy  ilcrlarr  tn  \v  tint',  llic  M'M'ial  niiitli'I's   ami   tliiliu's  liii'llliiilird  and  runt;; 
in  llic  .said  miiu'M'd  lli'diiralinn. 

In    l';iilli   mid    testiiniiny  wlicrrni'   1    Inivi'scl  ni\   li;ind  and  ^'t';ll  nl   nllict'.  and   liaU'  i',niM.'d  tin; 
hc'iliiratinii  In  lie  lii'it'iiiit 


n  mincxci 


iJiiU'd  in  Viitnria  tlic  l^'.Uh  dav  nl'  Si 


litcllll 


ii'l,  A.li 


(Signed) 


M.  W.  TVIiWIUTT  J'llAKi;, 

Xi'/iiii/  .''ill' 


I  lien 


iV  ri'llilv  lliaL    .Mniil,i'.:il 


w 


illiiim  Tvi-u  liill    I  Iraki',  wlinsi'  si'_'li;iimi'  l^  lirri'linln  alhn  Im; 


.1  Xnliirv  I'lililir.  duly 
iKiiniiiinn  nl'  Cmimki. 


ailnil 


Hull  and  |ii'arlisin,L:  in    tin'  t'ilynl'  \'ii-iiii  i;i,  l'iii\iiii 


>r   I'liitisli   Ciilii 


In   I'.'stiniiiiiv  wiaTi'iil'  1    h;i\i'    lii'ii'iiiUii   m'I    inv  linml  ami   nllirial   -ral.  tlii-    111;   ii;i\  nl'  OlI'i' 


A.u.  1871. 


(Si^Mli'dj  ClI.MM.i;.-   ( 


null. 


Cii/imiii/  S'  I  n  liirij. 
This  is  till'   |iii]ii'i'  wriiiii!,'  iiiaiki'd    .\,  shnuii  in    llfiiry  Slyi'   Masmi.  .ii    ihu  linn.'  nl'  ni;ik 


i)cclmaUnn,  mid  thcrt'in  ivl'crn'd  In  mi  tin- 
lii'lnic  inc 


'.nil  da 


.'st'liU'laln'r,  IS7I. 


(.^i^'iiL'd)  M.  W.   rvi:\viiHT  Du.Mii;, 

Xi.liini  J'lihli. 


(A.) 


1)< 


1,  William  Iti'iiiy  MrXcill.  n|' (1 
iniliiiin  nl'  Cmiiid;!,  nnw  a  .si'llItT, 


liiiiiiiliil 

ii<ii;;l  il 

In 

iliiirH,  I 

liH  nllii'i 

Till 

( liiiii. 
I  I'l 

iMllilllln 
III  I 
till'  i<i;ill 
mill  rllll'i 
li'i'l'i 
I  Dl'i'-ii, 

I.  T 
■'iihi'i  li'i 
lii'l. 

:'.  1 1 

iiiiiiiiiiiii 

iiiiiliiii 

;;.  In 

liil'iiriii;itiii 

I.  In 

i  llii'  Tri 

'ill  |<;ll;lll 
[|-'i';lil  III' 

'ltliv,;ili| 

•I.  In 

lilliiliin,  I 

i;.  In  1 

!|i|  lllljlll'l'l 

tllliM'     )ll 

'^I'S^illllS 
-iill'^llt  tl 

•'iili'-i.  nil 
7  mill  ^ 

MlV  M;is  .< 

'-I'ls  ;llllll|| 

^I  iini's^  Il 

||;;illllr 

:'.   Ill  ;; 

'■:ily  ill  ,\. 

Illllill',; 

.\lll  1 1 

niii  .'siv, 
I  liiill'iil 


I'lllV,  Vnili'iillVi'l'  Islnild.  ill  llic   l'l'n\im  r  nl'  I'llili-li  Colllli.  fllMiiiirl, 


.snii'iniilv  mill  Sim  rrc 


Iv  dcrlnic  ns  Inllnus  : — 


I  mil  (i8  yi'm'.s  nl'  n.^u,  mid  nl  L'li  yi'ars  nl'  a;4c  I  lit'iiinii!  a  niasU'r  nimiiii'i'. 

1    have  lu'cii  nil   llu'    Xni'lh-wcsl    I'ncilic  ( 'nasi   .sii.'.'i;    18o:i,  and    li;i\i'    hocn   I'hil.lnvi'd  as  ii  Hi:; 


Blrls 


'lllllll      I| 
d 


niiuilicr  diirili.L;  li;r  .t,'lr;lti'r  jmI'I  nl'  ihat   tiinc  till    ISI'iil  nii  l  lu'  said  rn;isl. 


Ilill  llll|i('i 
liiiriiin 
Hiiils 


l''iiiin  I.SUli  till  |s:i7  I  was  I'liqilnvcd  hy  iIm'  iiiiilsiiu.s  I'.ny  Cniniiany.  in  the  iniiiuiiiiid  nl'  tl 
Llama, '  wliirh  iliiiiiij,'  thai  |irrinil  |ilii'il  lu'twi'cii  ( 'nl'iiiilii;!  JJivcr  and  I'ml  ■'■■<ilii|isiiii,  iliilish  ('nliiii.  Bn-  nr  twir 


54'  ninth  hitiuidi 

On  Iwn  nrt'iisinlis  dlllill'j    that 


ill    ynlliL;    llllini; 


Il     the    Sn.lils    nl'    |''iii-;i  In   l''l;lsi'l'  liiVf 


"II  tllii 


I'tiii'iiiiii;-  tV.iiii  Frascr  to  ('nliiinliia  li'i\i'V,  I  )iiiss(;d  tlirnii^h  I!iis:irin  Sli;iils.     ]\ly  ri'iismi  I'lir  imt  |i;i-^»iiiii'l  |i,.[J 


i1iiiiiil;1i    liarn   Straits  wns  that  tlii'rt 


Wi'.s  Ihcn  1 


in  kiinwn   111'  siirvi'vi'd  I'liiiiiiKil   thrn'.ijili  ll;ii.i  .'>ir-W  Aiiil 


nil  till!  dllii'i'  ni'i-asiiiiis  r  wi'iit  to  lln'  woluard  nl'  Vani'iiiivt'i'   Iskiiid.      iliiriiii'  tlii'  wknlc  n 


I'  lliis 


I    IIUVLT  IlCal'll  111' 


I'l 


tlirnnuli  Ilai'n  Slniils,  mid  Jtnsiirin  Siraits  was  llif  milv  clianiii'l  kuBkiiiL'  tlii 


il   snrwyuil.  ami    i    was   in  rni,>iaiii   rinniiiiinii'iilinii   diii'iii'j;  sin-li    iii'iind   wiili   sr  il'ai'in.u  iiii'ii  *■!■.    And 


trnvi'i'.si'd  the  wntiTs  lu'twct'ii  \'; 
1  rnniniiindi'd  llii'  stonnii'i' 


iii'iiiiMi'  l;-l;iml  ami  tlir  iiiainlani 


III  is:: 


.UliM'l-.      I'l'InllUin 


i^-   111    till'    llllilsnli's    I'liiy  {'nllllim 


and  rrmn  lliriirr  till 
i\',  mill  ■lu'  wiis  (.'1 


M; 


Ill'Sl 


llili'iil 


(lui'iiii,'  that  tiiiic  in  ti';iiliiiL;  lii'lviri'ii  l''iirl  Siiii|is(iii  arnri'said.  I''i'.i,.ri'  Itivci',  and   Xi-iiinilly-rii^'i't ''"''■ili'  in  vni 
Diiriiii;'  all  thai  tiiiii'  lu'twci'ii  I.S:',7  niid  l.'^l:!,  I  ncM'r  licaril  nl' a  M'sscl  ^i'liin^'  llivoiiij:li  llain  Sliiii 


IS  diuiii;,'  thai  |i('i'iiiil,  I'rniii  l.s.';7  till  \X4'-'<,  in  innstaiiL  ciiiiiliiniiicatinn  with  sliiiiii:;isU'is  tnnliU-Mvisioiis  |'i 


I'litin 


10  .said  wiituis. 

Ill  184:!    I  Wfiil  In  i';ii',^Imiii.  ;iiid   innliniU'il   ali.sriil    I'rniii   this  Xmlh-wi'st  I'aiilir  I 'nasi  I'ni  I" 


iiiniiihs,  and   ii'iiirnin''  in  J844.  I 


(u|it'it.  am 


I  Fnll    Si 


lid  nl' 


1U]1.SU 


nil    llii 


;|ill    in   till'   Jimlsoii's   liay  ( 'nni))iiiiy's  survint  at  Sti'kiii.'M  r)|i|.],, 
Xnrlli-wi'sl    I'ncilic  (,'nast,  and    I'luni  llic'ln'c  till    18111  I  i'Bt('iiili(.|. 


;iliy  \csscl  ^iiiiii;- tli)iiiii;li  llaln  SUaits,  with 


he   I'xci 


litinll  nl'   Ihr  sU-nlllcr  "  licilNCr.'   Ill 


Till  then  she  nhvays  went  lhiiiii;ili  Knsiiriii  Sti;iils  on  her  usual  voyiiecs  in  the  Itudsnn's  May  Ccni'r- 
ciiiijloy,  the  only  then  knnwn  chminel. 

During'  nil  this  time  till  184ii,  I  never  lionnl  nl'  Ilmo  Siraits   liein^  used    liy  vu.s.sels,  ninl  I » 
constant  conmmiiiciilion  with  fjhiji-imi'jlci'i  Imdiiiy  in  tliu  wntur.s  bclwcuii  Vancouver  IsIuikIuu 


fsl 


SI 


Dciliiiiiiiiiiis  ill  h, 
kI  Alliil.ivil',  iimli. I 

;i;Y  S.  MASDN. 


iiiminliiiMl.  mill  ilip  N'drtli-wcst  IViflr  CniiRt,     Ami  wiiiro  134(1  Ifowrio  Stmit^i  lin«  stillliood  tlio  most 

|ii4ii:il  1  liiiiiiM'l  liir  ■<iiiliiii;-vi'^<si'ls. 

Ill  llllvi'^'lltillL;  lIll'Ml'  »'i|(  ix  liilWi'i'll  N'illlriillNrl'   l-'lllllil  llllil  till'  lllllilllllllll ,  1  IllwilVI  llsi'll   Vlllin  lllVCIH 
lillilll-i,  mill  IkmIiI  III'   III)  nllli'lM  till  till'  cllllll   lililili'  ill  |ill|xi|iil|ii'    nl'  till'  Mil  \i\  111'  ( ';i|il;iill    liiiliiinls  IIIHJ 
|||4  nlliri  11.  will)  ll M'I'IiIImM  nl'  till'  iijil  S|iiiliisli  ('|i:ill,  wliirli  Wii-'  iil'   lillli'  Mlllli'. 


Till'  lil'Nl  I  llill'l   wlliiil   I    klH'VV  111'  lis   lnvill'4  iliiwil   il     III'M'V  III    lliiiii  Slriiits,  WHS  ( 'ii|i(;iiii    li'irliiinls' 


llllilll. 


I  I'lilliii'i  siiy  llnil  ViiiiniilMi'  |s|{iiii|  \\iis  i^ciinillly  sii|i]iiis('(l  In  In'  iiiiiliil  willi  vvliiil  is  imw  iiiiiili'il 
(iiiliiiiin  Nliimi  nil  liiiiiiirilH'  Cllllll  till  nl'li'i' ('ii|i|iiiii  iliriiiiiiis'  Simai'V. 

Ill  iiiisiirin  Siiiiiis  ilir  iiinviiis  mill  inlis  nri'  cniiiiimniivcly  iv^iiiliir,  Imi  in  Hmn  Stniiis  iiml  ininul 
till' iiJiiiiiN  iiiljiiri'iil  In  N'mriiiivcr  Islnml.  iiml  in  llic  wiiicrs  nliniil  \'iinrnii\rr  jslmiil  ilsi'll',  ilio  tiilci 
iiiiil  iMiiii'iiis  mv  iiluiiv  ■-  \ci\  irrii^juliir. 

li'i'Tririii;,'  In  llii'  i|iii'siiniis  siiliiiiiiii'ii  In  nir  irlali\i'  111  llii'  liiiiiiiiliii'y  liiH'  ii'liTrnl  In  111  liii'  Trt'iily 
lillv    inlliliUi'il   ,n  B(i|  lllrui'll.  ill  iillsVM'l' In  llii'  lilsl,  i|iU's|inli   I  lii'cliirr  111  aruivsiiiil, 
ll  vi'iii  I'l  >li'' ''■'*-"  ■      I    Tliiil  iiliiiiil    I.SI.'i  mill    ISHI  ilic  JIiiiIsiiii'm  jliiy  ('nin|iiiiiy  jiiul  n  sciili'ini'iil   nl  l.iiiii^li'V,  mi  llir 

lihi'i    IliM'T.  mill  llir    vij.l    -I'lllrllirlll    csi^lnl    ■•illri'     I SJ7  nl'   I  ^i-f*.  In    llli'lirsi,    nf   IIIV  Ullnuli'ilnv   mill 
klii'f. 

L'.    Ill  IlllsWi'f  In    llii'    siTiillil    i|lli'sliiil|,  I    ilnimv    iis    iirnivsaiil,  llml    lliiililii,'    M'-si'ls    nr    nljicr    rllll'l. 

iiiiiiiiiiinilnl  w  ilii  liii'  .sfilli'iiii'iii  nl'  l,iiii;,'|i'y  Irniii   InriMMn   |imis,  mill   rrmii  ijii'  mhUU^iiu'MIs  mi   ilin 

niii   Ilriiiv  Ml  Ni.lHL'"liiiii''iii  I'lM'i'  I'l'  -ll  iii'i'-ililimirlinnil  liv  I  in'  Si  rails  nl'  l.'nsmin  anil  lln'  (iiilT  nl  (ii'nrnia. 

i  iiiiwii  mill  ^^"I'tli^  ■      •'■  111 'iii^"''i'  I"   ill''   lliii'il  i|iii'slinli,  I    ili'ilmi'   as  alnii'saiil   thai,  In  llir  licsl,   nl"  my   kiinwli'i!;,'!', 

I  mi  iimili'  lii'l'diT  iirBiiliiriiMitimi,  nr  liriii'l',  i.aii'^lcy,  nii  ilir  I'Vasir  iJivrr,  was  .xfiijcil  almiit  llii'  yi'iir  ISL'7  nr  IHJM. 

I.  Ill  iillMM'rr  In  llii'  I'laillli  i[llr-'limi,  I  ili'rlaiv  as  arnri'saiii  llial,  alinlll  lln'  tillli'  nl'  till'  lli'j^nliatiuli 
ll  llii'  Tiraly  III'  .liiiii>,  IS'lli,  llic  rniiiiiimi  ii|iiiiimi  as  In  llii-  nliji'i't  nl'  ( ilcill  i'lrilaill  insislili<^' (111  the 
I'Jili  |iiiialli'l   lii'iiij,' ilclli'cii'il    ill  a  sniillu'ily  iliii'ilimi,  mill  ilirmii,'li  Ihc  Siniiis  nl'  Kiica  tn  ;iin  i'licilic, 

Icilil  lit  I'llll'l'"  lli;ni|i,'||   ViiiicmiVi'r  Islaml,  was  llml   it   was  in  >i  rlllv    airfss    In  Iht  |missc  sinus  In  llli' 

iniliviinl  nl'  llii'  "llii  (lavallil  tlirmi'jli  llm  Simiis  nl'  i-'iiiii. 

.'.  Ill  Mil  tM'i' til  llii'   lil'tli   <|ii('s|inii,  I    ilcrlai'i'   as   al'iircMiiil    that    (lival    liiilaiii   tlirii   lii'M    itlitish 
iiiiliia,  ii|>  In  iiaralli'l  nl   ilm  iimili  latilinli'  ."irio'  am!  Vaiii'niiM'i'  Islaml. 

II.  Ill  miswiT  In  ihc  sixlli  ([iii'slimi,  1  ilcclaii'  as  arnvcsaiil  thai,  il'  llii'  I'lci'  iiavipilimi  nl  ,!a'  straits 
III  iiiljai'i'lll  rliaiilii'l  was  iml  i;iim'aiili'nl    In   (lival    ISrilaiii.  arri'ss  rmilil  mily  lir  scriirril   iiikI  nlitiiiiii'ii 

lliMM'   ]iiisscssinlis    liy    ships    Ljiiili;,'    In    tlu'    wcstwaiil    nl'   Vllllcniivcr    jslmnl.      Ami    lis    ri'i;arils    llin.sii 
'■i>~iniis  nil  llii'  ciiast  III'  lliiiish  ( 'nliiiiilila  lii'iwi'cii  liii'  ."ilsl  ami  UMli  |iiivalli'l.  acci'ss  wmiiil    liiivi'  tn 
•llllilll  llirnii'-;li  a  sliail  uliirli   is   imrirali'  ami   ditliriilt  nl'  iia\  iualimi,  liy  ivasmi  nl'  the  sIiciil;!!!  nl' 
If  liilrs,  ami  aiiiiiisl  iiii]ivarlirali]i'  I'nr  sailiii'^  m'sscIs. 

7  iiiiii  S.   Ill  aiiswi'i'  In   ihi'   srM'iiih   mill  ci^rjiiji  i|ii(.,,ii(iiis,  I   ilrrlavn   as   armcsiiiil  llial,   wlimi   lli<^ 

itv  wiis  si;;ii('il    in  .Iiiiii'  l.siii,  mill  ini'vimis  in  ihal  ilali',  llic  climiiii'l  uliicli  uas  kiinwn  ami  iiscil  by 

•I'ls  aiiiniiiisl  ihc  islamls  In!  iiiiii;4'   ihc   arclii]ii'la^;n  lii'lurmi  Viiiirnincr    jsjaml   ami   tliii  rmililU'iit  tn 

t^nii'->  In  ilir  Diiiiiiiiimi  nl'  (livaL  jititiiiii  iiiirih  nl'  till'  4'.Mli  |iiiriillc'l,  was  ihc  SiraiLnl'  linsiivin.  ami 

ilili; I'l  niily.  as  il  was  llimi  llm  niily  sillAfycil  cliaiincl. 

'1.  Ill  iiii.swi'r  In  llii'   niiiili  i|iii'stinn,  I   (li'diim  iis  ai'mv.said  tliiit.  ]ir('\iiais  tn  tliii  si^iniii^' of  tlio 

il\  ill  .\.li.  IS4ii,  ami  alsn  al  llial  liinc,  tlm  mily  cliuiini'l   kiinwn  In  In-  iiii\  iL,'iilil('  aiiimij;st  tlii^  islnmjs 

iiiiim  ilii'  m'('hi]it'lai,'n  liclwi-cii  Viiiicmivcr  Islaml  ami  llin  rniilincnl,  was  tlu'  Strait  nl'  linsarin. 

Ami   I  ili'rliii'c  as  iit'nri'saiil  lliat,  (^\cii  simi'    lliirn  Siniils  has   licrii   fully  siiiAcyi'il,   I   cmisidin' 

iiviii  Sli.iil  as  a  niiicli  sal'iT  cliaiiiU'ri'm'  a   sailiiiy:-slii|),  in  |iassiiiL;  I'ilhcr  rimii  the  .Sirails  nl'  l''iii'a,  tn 

(iiilr  ill'  ( li'nryi.i.  nr   I'nr  il   sailiiiji-sliip   passing,'   I'miii   ihc   ( liiH'  nl'  (Icmj^ia   tn  the  .St  rails  nl'  Kiiwi, 

■iiiiicli  IIS  the  linsarin  Slniit  liiis  ynnil  iiiiclimiij;('  lliiniijjliniit  ils  entire  lciij;tli,  aiiil  has  iiinrc  ic^^'iilm' 

r>  lliiiii  llarn  Stiails.     The  aiirlinra^ic  in  Ham  Sirail  is  IhuI,  mi  m  rniiiil  nl'  the  nival  depth  nl  iis 

ui's,  mill  the  iric.niilarily  ami  sIiviil;i1i  nl'  iis  lidcs.     The   iiiiviuatimi  nl"  Jliirn  Strait,  iimrenvcr,  is 

mai'lnved  as  a  ui'iBuli  iiiipi'ilcd  liy  iiiiiiiermis  small  islands  and  rucks. 

■    limiii;4all  llic  lime  lictwecii  A.n.  |S:!7  and  the  year  \.ii.  |.'-!|:!.  I  was    in   ciimniaml.  as  armesaid.  nl' 
lie  cmiiiiiaiiil  III' ''"'■-B'' 'l"'l^""''<    Hay  Cniiipany's   steaiiiov  "  I'lcavcr,"  and  I  was  in   the  hahit    nl'  takiiin   the  said   stemncv 
iiiiisnii,  i'lvilish  I'lil""- ■"■"'■ '"ii'f  cNcry  year  diiiiiiL;  Ihal   pcriml   I'mni    I-'mt   Sim|ismi  in  l.ani^ley  mi  the  Fiascr  iliver,  and 
^iiillii'licc  III  Nisipially-rneel  Smind  ;  and  I'miii  Nisipially  lunk   ai^ain   In   Lmi^dcy  and  I-'nrl  Sinipsmi, 

l-'uca  In  Kiascv  llivi'i  •'"'I  tlics •easimis    I    always   |iiisseil   thrniieh    IJnsaiin   Snails,  as   il   was   then   the  mily  surveyed 

\\\  ve'asmi  I'll!'  lint  l«-»""i''l  hclweeii  Kiira  Sliail  and  the  (Iiill'iir  llenifiia. 

lel  iliin'.i'^li  Hai'i  J^H'-W  -^ii'l  I,  Wiiliam  Henry  Me.Veill,  almve  named,  snleiuiily  decline  lliul  the  i|iieslions  hereinlierme 
llic  wl'.nic  111'  ihi*  l'"^f'"''''  '".  iii'i'  cnnlaiiicil  in  Ihc  jiapcr  writinij  marked  Z.  prndiu'cd  and  slmwn  to  nil!  ill  the  time  nl' 
.;  the  milv  cliaiiiu'l  kiiBkin'^  this  decliinitimi,  and  llial  I  make  the,  almve  statements  con.scieiitimisly  liclicvin;.;'  the  smiu!  In  he 
wiili  sc  il'aviii;^'  uit'H  *■''■  And  liy  virtue  nl'  llic  jirnvisinns  nf  iiu  Act  miide  and  jiiissed  in  the  sixth  yeiir  of  the  rei,un  nl' 
mill  rrmii  Ihcnic  till '"B^^Iii.ii'sly  Kiiii;  William  1\'.  intituled  "An  Act  In  vepciil  an  Act  nf  the  present  Sessimi  nf 
I'lv  mid  :!ic  was  ciiil'''w'i'ii|ii'iil.  iiililuleil  mi  Act   I'm'  the   ninrc   ell'ectiial    .Mmlitimi  of  Dallis  and  AMiriiialimis  taken    ami 

II  'Ni  ipi;dl.v-l'ii.-''''^"'W'''  '"  ^'"''ii'ii"*    I'cpmlmcnis  of  the  Stale,  and   In   siilislilule  l)cclaratiiiiis  in  lieu  tlierenf  and  I'nr  the 
lli,.,i„,_;li  ll'mn  Siniii-«''i^ ''iitin'  sii|)prcssinn  nf  volnnlary   and  c.xlra-judiciid   Oaths  and   .Mlidavils,  and    to  make  ntlier 

:.]    slihiirasleis  iriuliii^Bvisiuiis  fur  the  Aiinlilimi  of  uniicccssarv  Oaths." 

■  (Sioned)  WILLIAM  II.  McNHILL. 

.si  I'acitic  I 'nasi  f"','";r 
vV  service   al   Stckilil| 
„  thelirc  lill    l^il'.' 
steamer  "  I'lCaver, 
eUudsnii's  r.ayCi.wi' 


Make,  III   ihc   '  II'' 


re  I'lVci'lual  Al'i'liii': 
lie,  and  In  sllliMiUi' 
111  eNliajiidii'i'il  (i,!;; 
Im,"  lln  hcieliy  ccili;' 


nli,,iicil  all  I  ciiut 
I    have  c.illscil  tin: 


IT   HIJAKI..  _ 

Ac/"'.'/  •'''"''" 

i,  lieieimlo  allailii'i 
.   ,,;■   llrilish   t 'llllilll' 

is  nil  thi.V  of  oa- 


he   lime   nl   making 


lie  of  r.rilisli  t'lto- 


Dedavod  al  Victn 
Iti'iiilicr,  1S7L 


the   I' 


if  I'.ritisli  ('oliimliiii,  Domiuimi  of  L'miaila,  this  27tli  day  of 


r>efnre  mi 


fSit-iied) 


.,1   liy  vessels,  ami  I  'l 
Vauc-ouver  IsliUKli'iif 


M.  W,  Tvi.'wiirn'  ni;\Ki;, 

Xdliirii  I'lihlic. 


Apptndis. 


F  2 


Appendix. 


m 


t! 


;  V 


1 


'I 


;}2 

TO  all  tn  whom  tlieso  prospiits  slinll  roim-,  I,  ^Icintiii;iii'  Willimii  Tvrwliiii  Hmkc,  «i'  ilic  ciiv,;  ■  jf,,,,,!,!  | 
Victdria,  rroviiicccil'  I'liiiisliCdliimliiu,  Doiiiiiiinii  nl' Cuiiailii,  N'oliiry  I'lililicilulv  iMliiiiltcil  ami  |ii;i(iisii,  Bijiii.^ 
in  jmi'siianci!  dI'  an  Acl  nf  rarlianicnl  iinnlc  ami  jiasscd  in  llic  si\lli  vcar  (il'llif  icinn  nl'  l|i<  .Mnji-.siy  Kii,  I  -  .. 
William  tin;  Fcau'lli,  inlilulcil  "An  Act  tn  ri']ii'al  an  Act  (iltlic  |iifscnt  session  cif  i'ailiunont,  iniiml,  B  mis  s'ii'ii 
'An  Ai't  lor  the  more  clVcctnal  Aholition  of  Oaths  ami  AHiimations  taken  and  made  In  vaiious  l'c|iai  ■  ■,,,|,||||,,'!i( 
nients  of  the  Stale,  and  to  sidistitnte  l>eclariitions  in  lien  tliereol',  and  I'of  the  more  entire  sn|i|iressiiiii ,  ■,',  |.fss"t(i 
volutUary  and  exti-a-Jndicial  Oaths  and  Allidavils,  and   ( ke  othef  proN  isicais  for  tlu'    •^I'dlitiun  ,;|^||,|||,|,,| 

'  '.<.   \ 

Tic:iiy  ill 

[firiiaiii;  t 

And 

lllrli  sal'i 

r  till'  a  Si 
;is  1^1 11 1(1  i 
jiiiiiiriiLii^ 
iiii'iiLrtli  ( 
isliiiiils  am 
III  til 

iuTtd  ]■' 

ln"ii'  iicca.- 
Ill  A.I 

ivci,  and 
itniits  nil  I 

111  A.li 

lie.  and 

I'lKSl'll    tl 

iii(iiiiici'  '■  ( 
;wT  li'ivi 
-M'll  .■iiid 
.Uid  !, 

illv  cnlita 

loliiriiiioii. 

viriiic  of 
nlli;iiii  the 

II  Alt  for 
iciit^ef  llie 

iiilarv  an 


unnecessary  Oaths,'  "  do  herehy  certify  that,  on  the  <liiy  of  the  date  hereof,  |ier.somilly  came  and  apiu-iii 
liefore  me,  William  ^lilehell,  named  and  descrilied  in  the  declaration  herennto  annexed,  heiii;,'  a  |iimm 
wi'll  known  and  worthy  of  Ljood  credit,  and  hy  soleniii  iK'claratioii  which  the  said  William  Mitiji,. 
then  madiMiefore  me,  did  solemnly  and  sincerely  dt'clare  to  he  true,  the  se\eial  matters  and  ijiin 
mentioned  and  contained  in  the  said  annexed  declaration. 

In  faith  and  tesliinoiiy  whci'eof  I  have   set   my   hand  and  .--eal   of  olli<e,  and  have  cansed  tlic  s; 
l)eclaralion  to  \>t'  herennto  annexed. 

Dated  ill  Victoria,  the  :.'7th  dav  of  Se)ilendier  a.h,  1S71. 

(Si-nedi  .^I.  \y.  TVitWlIITT  DIIAKK, 

Ao/ro'//  /v./,/;,'. 

I  liovnhy  poi'tify  that  ^Montatriu^  'William  Tyvwhitt  Drake,  whose  sii;iiatnvo  is  herennto  attiu  Imj  : 
a  Notary  I'uhlic,  duly  admitted  and  jiraclisini;  in  the  City  of  \'ictoria.  I'rovinee  of  j'.iitish  Coliuiiii 
Doniiniuii  of  Canada. 

Ill  testimony  wlk-'vof  i  have  herennto  set  inv  hand  and  ollicial  seal,  this   Ith  dav  of  Oitnl, 
A.D.  1871. 

(Si}i;ncil)  CnA'iLi;:^  t!om\ 

This   is  the  ]ia]ier  wvitin;,'  marked  I!,  shown   to   Henry  Slye  Mason,  at  the  time  of  niakiii'.; 
Declaration,  iiid  therein  referretl  to  on  thu  2!Hh  day  of  lSe|ileiiilier,  1S71. 
I'etore  me  : 
(Signed)  M.  W.  TYitwiiirr  DiiAKi:, 

Ae/((/7/  J'nl'lic. 

(B.) 


1,  William  Mitchell,  of  Victoria,  Vaneoiivev  Island,  in  the  I'rovinee  ol'  llritish  Cnlum' 
Dominion  of  Canada,  Master  Mariner,  do  solemnly  ami  sincerely  declare,  and  slate  as  follows: — 

1  .im  si.xty-ei.elil  years  of  at,'e.  I  hecame  a  Master  Mariner  in  IS.'il,  and  have  lieeii  lai  tlic  \iii:Wiiii'<'<sirv 
west  Pacilic  Coast  since  IS,'i7,  and  have  heeii  employed  all  the  time  in  the  lliidson's  I'ay  ('oim|ui; 
slii]is.  From  fS;i7  lo  l.S-fli  1  wa>  constantly  em|iloyed  in  ]iassai;es  from  \'ic'oiia  to  Fraser  lli\ci.;: 
hack  ni,'ain  ;  from  Coliimliia  I'ivcr  lo  Fraser  lliver,  and  hack  attain;  and  from  Nisiiiially-I'iiuei  .">" 
to  Fraser  liiver,  and  liack  a^'ain  ;  and  tradinj,'  generally  helweeii  those  ports  as  well  as  soiiietiiiu- 
Honolulu  and  Sitka,  and  other  hetweeii  ports  on  the  North-west  Pacific  Coast.  And  wlii'iicvi  r  : 
vessel  1  was  in  had  occasion  to  uo  |Vom  the  Slrait.s  of  Fiica  to  the  (inlf  of  (leoi;!_'ia,  or  hack  linln ' 
Ciiilf  of  (leori,'ia  to  the  Straits  of  i'nca,  she  always  passed  ihroiiLrh  liosario  Straits  as  the  only  ll 
known  naviualile  channel. 

As  lale  as  the  year  LS;")."!  I  had  occasion  to  )iilot  a  vessel  from  Victoria  to  N'i.siinally,  ainl  li 
4Vis([nallv  to  Nanaimo,  and  from  Nanainio  to  Victoria,  and  Imtli  in  ■.'oiiii;  to  Nanainio  and  rciiiin, 
therefrom  made  use  of  liosario  Strait  as  the  hest  known  chaniiel. 

Trevious  to  lK4ti  there  was  only  mie  channel  known  to  lie  iiaviuahl(>,  and  that  was  the  Hi'm; 
Straits. 

Ill  the  year  1S4l),  to  the  hest  of  my  knowlcih.ic,  informatiim,  and  hclii'f,  no  chart  of  llaroSt 
soumlin;,'s  existed. 

The  chart  in  use  «as  thai  of  liosario  Strait  only,  and  from  sonndiii;.;s  made  hy  A'anconvcr. 

lieferriii"'  to  the  cpiestions  snlimitted  to  me  relative  to  the  lioundary  line  referred  to  in  the  'IV.:' 
of  ()re,!L,'oii,  in  answer  to  the  first  (ineslion  I  declare  as  aforesaid   - 

1.  That  ahonl  J.S4."i  and  lS4ii  the  Hudson's  Hay  Coiiipany  had  a  Settlement  at  l,aiij.'lcy.  cir. 
Fraser  liiver,  and  the  said  Settlement  exiio  '  .>ince  1S1.'7  or  |,Si!,S. 

2.  In   answer  to  the  second  iniestiiai,  1  declare  as  aforesaid   tint    tiadiiiLr-vessids  or  nllicr  >' 
eonimnnicated   with  the  Settlement   of   Laiiuley  from   foreign    parts,  and   ti'oiii   the  settlements  i 
Columliia  liiver,  or  its  neiiihbiairhood,  hy  the  Straits  of  'iosario  anil  the  (liilf  of  (ieoryja. 

;!.   In  answer  to  the  third  ipiestion,  I  declare  as  aforesaid  that,  to  the   hest   of  my  kimw 
inha'nmtion,  and  hclief,  l.anuley,  on  the  Fraser  liiver,  was  settled  ahont  the  year  IHl'7  or  ISJS. 

•4.  In  answer  to  the  fourth  (piestion,  I  declare  as  aforesaid  i'.ial,  ahout  the  time  of  the  iicL'nti^i' 
of  the  Treaty  of  .lune  liS4li,  the  coninion  oiiiiiion  as  to  the  oliject  of  (Ireat  liritain  insisting,'  lai  tlic-t 
]iarallel  heinj,'  dellected  in  a  scailherlv  direction,  and  tlinaij;li  the  Straits  of  Fiica  to  the  Pacific,  in* 
of  euttim,'  throiifih  \'aneonver  Islaiul,  was,  that  it  wa,.  to  secure  access  to  her  ]iossessioiis  to  the  n:' 
ward  of  the  49tli  parallel  throuc;h  the  Straits  of  Fnca. 

.">.   In  answer  to  the   filth  i|iicstioii,  I  decliire  as  aforesaid   thai   (Ireal    liritain   t!;cn   liciil  Hi 
Columhia  ii])  to  ]iarallei  of  north  latitude  ■'A  4il'  anil  N'ancouvcr  Island. 

(1.  In  answer  to  the  sixth  cpiestioii,  I  declare  as  aforesaid  that,  if  the  free  navigation  of  the  Sr 
and  adjacent  Channel  was  not  gnaranteed  to  (Ireat  P.rilain,  access  could  only  he  .secured  and  el'i^i'' 
to  those  jiossessions  !iy  sliijis  f^'oiiij;  to  the  westward  of  X'aneoiiver  Island  ;  and  as  reoards  those]"" 
siolis  on  the  coast  oi'  Ih'itish  Colnmhia,  hetween  the  ."ilst  and  4'.ltli  parallel,  access  would  liiive  !■ 


IVelarc: 

ij'lellllicl-,    || 
fSil 


'Oall  t| 

!l"ri:i. 

li^iiiu'  III! 
Jl.:jevly 
l''lilelil,  i| 
ill  \'iirij 
'III  ire 

i'HIS  fiJ 
.  {lei'soil 

iiiKu  aiinl 
iili  llie  sa 

>l  liiallil 

III  faith 

iraliiiii 

I'ateil  ilk 


1  lierehvl 

I'v  I'll! 

i'lii"ll  off 

III  tesliil 

|Kl. 

iSlil 


'\ 


33 

akf,  <il'  till'  t'iiyi;Bsnii,!.'lil.  tliron.[;li  ii  Slniii  wliiili  i^  iiiiiii  ute  niitl  ditliciilt   i>(  iiiiviunliini  liy  vtMsini  of  ilic  siivii;jtli  ol'  llic 
ili'il  1111(1  imii'iisiii  ■lilies, 

(■  \\\<  Miijcsiy  Kill:  I  7  mill  M.  In  iiiiswiT  tn  tlic  si'viMitli  ami  ci^'litli  i|Ui'sli(iiis,  I  (Iccliin'  iis  ulniisniil  tlmt,  w  lirii  ilif  Tii'iil  v 
iiili.iiiii'iil,  iiiliuili  luiis  sifjiu'il  ill  .luiii'  lH4(i,  1111(1  |ii('viipiis  1(1  lliiii  (lute,  llic  ('liiiiiiiol  wliicli  was  Uimuu  uml  usi'd  liy  m'sscIs 
ill  viiviiiii>(  lli'l«ii'-HiiiiiiiiiL,'st  llii' islands  runniii:,'  the  Aivlii|iclaL;ii,  liclwci'ii  N'micmncr's  Maud  ami  llir  ( 'niiliiicii!.  in  yri 
utile  sii)ilircssinii  1.  ■,nii'ss  1(1  llic  (liiiiiiiiiiiiis  111' (Ircat  Hi-iliiiii  iimlli  uT  tlic  I'.llli  |iai,dli'l,  was  iIh'  Stiail  nl'  lln-ai  in  and  lliat 
ir  tlic    Aliiiliiiuii  <;lc'|iiiiiii('l  mily,  as  il  was  llicii  llic  coily  siir\cvcd  ( 'liaiiiicl, 

ciiUic  lUid  iili|ii';ii' :■  '.'.  In  iiiiswcr  In  llic  niiilli  i|iicsliiin,  I  dci-larc.  as  aloicMiid  llial,  picvinii,  in  ihr  ^iLtnin;,'  nl'  tlic 
■xcil,  liciii;j;  a  jiciv  HThmIv  ill  lS4ii.  and  also  at  llial  time  llic  nnly  ( 'lianiicl  knnwii  In  lie  na\iuali|c  aiimnLisI  llic  islands 
d  WiUiiini  Minlii  . ■Imiiiihii,'  llic  Aicliipclaijn  licluccn  N'micniivcr  Island  and  llic  Cnnlincnl  was  llic  l.'nsarin  Sliait. 
iiiaUcis  and  lliiii.  I  And  I  rnillicf  say  lliiil,  even  since  ilai'n  Slrail  lias  lieeii  t'lilly  sui'vcycd  I  mnsidci-  Ii'nsaiid  Strait  ii 
lucli  siil'iT  Clianiud  I'nr  a  sailiii,i;-.--lii|i  in  |lassin^  either  I'vniii  llic  Straits  nl'  Knca  In  the  ( lull'  nl'  (iciiii^ia, 
lave  eiuised  llir  si  .Hqi'  I'd'  a  sailing,'  slii]i  iiassiiiL;-  rrmu  tlie  t  lull'  nl'  ( iiviiyia  tn  tlic  Straits  nl'  l''iiea,  inasniiieli  as  li'nsarin  Strait 
>  .,;iiud  iiiiilinia^'c  tliiniijiliniit  its  entile  Iciiutli.  and  I'as  iiinre  regular  tides  than  Main  Straits.  The 
iiiiliiiriii;e  in  llain  Stiail  is  had  nil  aeeniint  111'  tlic  ureal  (le|itli  nl'  its  waters  and  the  irrcmilarily  mid 
'   Ul'AKl'".  Blii'ii','tli  nl'  its  tides.     The  iia\  i,L;atinii  n|'   Ilarn  Strait,  iiinien\er,    s  iiiiich  iiiiiieded  hy  iiiiiiiemns  small 

.Xdliiri/  /V'Wu'.  ^Iiiiiils  and  rneks. 

Ill  the  lie,i,'iniiiii,Lr  nl'  tli(^  year  .\.li.  \S'M,  1  reenlleet  niakiiiLC  a  vnyajjc  as  First  ^[atc  rrniii  Cnluiiihiii 
ifr  111  KriLser  Kiver,  and  llieiiec  hiick  tn  the  ( 'nlmnliiii  li'ivci'  in  the  liari|uc  "  X'aiienini'r,"  and  mi 
iiM' iii'ciisinns  she  pa.sscd  and  re|iasse(l  tlii'niii,di  linsarin  Straits. 

Ill  .\.li.  ]S4l',  I  maih^  two  vnyayes  in  the  .selmnner  "Cadlinrn,"  rrnm  Cnlninhia  liiver  to  Friisei' 
ivi'i.aiid  relimied  to  the  Coltlliiliia  liiver  in  the  "Cadhoro,"  and  iiassed  and  lejia-.i-d  tlirnii;,di  linsario 
itniiis  on  thesi!  voya-ics. 

Ill  A.li.  1S4l',  I  made  a  vnya;,'!'  I'miii  Cnliiniliia  l;i\ertn  Kraser  h'iver  in  the  "  Cadlinro"  as  l-'irsi 
xw.  and  returned  t'roin  l''ra.ser  IJiver  to  the  t'nliiinliia  llivei',  and  nii  these  neiasimis  I  passed  and 
Hissoil  tlii'oll,i,di  h'nsarin  Strait.  And  lietween  .\,|i.  ISIl'aiid  ISdli,  I  inade  several  \nya,i,'es  in  the 
liiiuiier  "  Cadi  lorn  "  as  Kirsl  Mate  I'roiii  Cnliiinhia  lii\erand  X'ietnria  to  Nisipially  and  Lan^lcy  on  the 
iisii'  lliver,  and  theiiie   retiirncd   tn   \'ietnria  and   Cnliiiiihia    IJiver,  and  nii  such  neeasiniis  I  alwavs 

SMil  and  ie|iassed  throiiLrh  IJosaiio  Strait,  as  it  was  tl nly  then  known  ('lianncl. 

.\iiil  I.AVilliain  Mitchell,  aluive-nanicd,  snlcninly  deelaic  that  the  i|iiestions  hercinliernre  rel'ericd 
;iiv  iiiiitaiiied  in  the  paper  writiiiL;  inarked  /.  prndaeed  and  shown  to  me  at  the  time  of  inakiiij;  this 
iirjiinitiiin.  And  that  1  make  the  aiinve  statements  ennseieiitioiisly,  liclicvini;'  the  same  to  he  true;  and 
viniie  111'  the  |iriivisiiins  nf  an  Act  made  and  passed  in  the  sixth  year  nl'  the  reiun  nl'  Mis  Majesty  Kiiij,' 
illiiim  llie  Kniirth,  intituled  "  An  Act  In  repeal  an  Act  nf  the  ]ii'csenl  Se.ssinii  of  Parliament,  intituled 
II  .Vet  fur  the  iiiore  ell'cetnal  ^'vlmlitioii  oI'Daths  and  .\lti;iiiatiiins  taken  and  made  in  various  Deparl- 
■iitsuf  the  State,  and  to  siihstitule  1  )celaralioiis  in  lien  thcrciif,  and  for  the  liinre  entire  su]iprcssinn  nf 
iliiiiliiry  and  extra-judicial  Oaths  and  Allidax  its.  and  In  make  other  provision-^  I'm-  the  .Vliolitinii  nf 
iii'i'i'ssarv  tjatlis.'  " 

(Si-ned)  WILLIAM  .MrnilKLL. 


Vlipcni'lT. 


heienntn  attailml, 
of  I'lrilish  Cnhiiiii^ 

4tli  (lav  of  Dil.iU 


time  nl'  niakiih; 


of  r.ritisli  Cohiui' 
lie  as  foUdWs  :— 

ve  lieeli  nil  llic  ^'"'' 
iidsoii's  r.ay  ('uiiii'ii!;; 

i;i  to  Krascr  liiM'v.a; 

Nisiiually-l'ii.irci  ^'"■■ 

s  well    as  snliiellllii-;| 
I.      And   whcncvii 

■oivia,  ("'  '""''^  ''■"'";  1 
rails  as  the  "nl.v  ''• 

to  Xisiiiially.  iimlli" 
Naiiaiiun  and  rci"'" 

nd  thai  was  the  II'--' 

no  (diavl  nf  Hare* 

e  liv  A'aiicouvcr. 
lefi'vred  tn  in  tlu' Tv-' 

I, .111  at    Laii;_dcy.  mi 

_.-\essels  nr  nllicv  > 
I,' the  settleliiciltsi'U 
ifticoieia. 

l„.st  of  niv  kii'Avl 
,ir  IS-iT  (IV  IS-JS. 

time  of  the  neiieli'i-'J 
tain  insisting;  on  ll>''^1 
ueii  to  llic  I'acili''.  m-'J 

possessions  to  till' 11 '■ 

Uritaiii   thin  held  hi-- 

i  navi.Lraliou  of  tl»'*'^ 
|„.  secured  and  "I'';'' 
,1,1  as  rei^ards  tliuse  p-^ 
,  access  would  hiui 


Iti'flareil  at  Victoria,  in  the   rroviiice  of  liritish  ( 'nlnmlaa,  I  >omiiiioii  of  Canada,  tliw  27tli  (la\  of 

|]'lillllier.  I  ST  I. 

Hefoiv  iiie : 
fSiuned)  M.  W.  Tviiwmri'  Di!aki;, 

X(i/((ri/  /'I'li/ir. 


'I'tt  nil  to  whom  these  r.vf-sents  .shall  come,  I,  ^rontaL'iie  William  Tyrwhitt    Drake,  of  the  City  of 

tt"ii;i.  I'rnvince   of   I'ritisli  Cnlumhia.    Dnmiiiinii  nf  Canada.    Nntaiy    I'lililic,   duly  iidinitted   and 

miMiiu'  ill   ]iiirsiiaiice  nf  all  Act   i>\'  Parliament    made  and  ]iasseil  in  the   sixth  year  of  the  rci,i;ii   of 

iM/ji'sty  Kiui;- William  the   Koiirlh,  intituled    "  An  Act  to  re|ieal  an  Act   of  the  present  session  of 

li.'iiieiil,  intituled  '  An  Act  for  the  ninre  ell'cciiial   Alinlilinii   ni'  Oaths   and   Alliiiiialiniis   taken  and 

■  ill  various  1  lepartiucnts  of  the  Stale,  and   to  siihstiliite    I  lerlaratioiis  in  lieu  thereof,  and  for  the 

'iitire  Suppression   of  N'oluiitary   and    Mxlra-jiidicial   <>allis  and    .\Hidavits.  and   to   make    ntlier 
li-i'iiis  for  the  Aliolition   of  nnneecssary  Oaths,' "  do  hereliy  certify   that,  nii  the  day   nl'  the   date 

"I,  licrsunallv  eaiiie  and  ajipeared  hel'ore  me  dolni  Swaiison,  named  and  desrrihed  in  the  Declaration 
fiiiil'i  annexed,  licinu  a  ]iersoii  well  known  and  worthy  of  u'nml  credit,  and  hy  solemn  Declaralion, 
Idi  tile  said  .loliii  Swaiisi  a  then  made  hefore  me,  did  solemnly  and  siiiceiidy  declare  to  he  line  the 
|n:il  iiiattcvs  and  lliiii^'s  i  a'litioned  and  cniitained  in  the  said  aiinexcd  Dcelaratinii. 

hi  I'iiilli  and  tcslinio::,!  wherenf  1  have  set  my  hand  and  seal  nf  ollice.  and  have  caused  the  said 
Jhwtiiiii  In  he  hereuntn  annexed. 

I':it('il  in  Vietnria  the  'JTtli  dav  of  Seiitemher,  .\.i).  187L 

(SinneiP  M.  W.  TVIIWHITT  DPAKK, 

Xiituni  Piihlic. 

1  liiTchy  eeitifv  that  Montncrue  William  Tyrwhitl    Drake,  whnse  sii^iintnre  is  heveunlo  altuched,  is 
'vv  I'uhlie,  ilulv  admitted,  and  iirnetisint;   in  the  Cilv   of  N'iiloria.  Pro\iiiee  of  P.ritish  Colunihia. 
fiiiiiuii  of  Canada. 

Jill  ti'stiiiii.iix'  whereof  1  ha\c  licieiiiilo  set  mv  hand  and  -eal  of  ollii  e  this  Ith  dav  of  Oeloher, 
IKI. 

iSii^ncd)  CiiAi!i.i:s  (1  III  11), 

I'llonidI  Sirrf/iir//. 


P  Append 


I 


I 

itl 


34 

Tliis  is  till'  ]in)ior  wriliiii;  niaikcd  (',  sliowii  to  TIciiiy  Slyo  Mnsnii  nt  tlic  timo  oi'  liis  niakii 
l)('(liiriili mill  tlicrt'in  vct'i'iTcil  to,  mi  ilii'  I'Htli  diiy  nl'  Scpicmlicr,  1S71. 


I'.cli 

(Si.ilM'll') 


Af.  W.  TvitwiiiTT  DiiAKi:, 

Xnlin-ii  l'vl>li: 


l,.lol 


111  SwiMisdii,  ii\  \'ii-t 


ill;l,  \  iillicillVi'r 


Ishiiid,  in   llic  rrnviiicc  111'  I'liilisli  ('uliiiiiliiii,  |)i 


I  SlillU,  111 

IiiikI  Kxt 
lOatl's'" 


Hit 


"IIIIIK 


r.r  Cauiulii,  Miistfi-  Maiiiirr,  dn  suli'iniilv  uiid  siiii'crclv  dcclaiv  as  lollnw.- 


I    I 


lavc  lifi'u  a 


Mash.r   .Ma 


■iiiici'   till'  vcar   ISri."i,  and   lia\i'  lici'ii  in   llic  fliijildyiiiciit  nj' 


Hiidsnn's  I'.ay  ('iiiii]jaiiy  mi  liuar  sliiiis  tiadinu  nii   ilir   Nmlli-wi-it  I'aiilic  ('nasi,  siiicu  llic  year  1X-|'.' 


llii'  iiifsi'iil  tinii',  as  a  naiiliral  man  and  niariiii'r. 


lli't'i'iTiiii;  III  lilt'  iiiicslimis  snliinilU'd  in  me  ivlativc  to  ill' 
il'  ()ii';,'mi,  ill  aiiswfi'  In  llic  lirsl  (|ni'slicin  I  dci'larc  as  al'iiri'sai' 


ivlativi'  to  till'  lioundaiv  liiii'  ivli'ivi'd  In  in  tlieTi 


1- 


1.  That,  aliiiiii  l,S4."i  and   l.S4(l,  llif  Iliidsmi's   l!ay  Cniiipaiiy  liad  a  sfitlciiicnl  at    I.ani^l 


I'V,  (111  I. 


iMscr  liivcr,  an 


d  tliu  said  sulllunii'iit  existed  siuei'  ISlJT  nr  iSliS. 


1  aiiswi'i'  tn  till'  si'i-niiil  (|iu' 


slimi,  I   dei'taie  as  alori'said  tliat,  iili  tn   1S4.'i  and  lH4(i,  HikIm 


lay  Cnniiiaiiy  s  sliips,  hmiinl   Irmii 


H 


nllnlllln,  111 


llie  Saiiihvii-li    Islands  ;  tVniii  Knrt  VancouviT, 


Cnliiiiiliia  I'ivi'r;  and  San    I'Vaiiciscn  and  Siika,   In   Lannlcy,  Jiassnl  llinaivdi    Fnca   Straits  an 


I'll  III 
II  IIim:.] 


Si  rail. 


\h 


n  vi'sscls  tiadllij,'  nrlwirii 


Knit    X 


isi|ually  and    l.aii.uli'V  used  In  ]ias.- 


tliroili,'Ii  I'nsariii  Sti;. 


Also  vessels  Iradinu  lielweeii  \'ietiaia  and  l,aii.^lev  used  In  pass  llinaiiili  iiosarin  Stniit. 


In  answer  tn  tlie    lliiid   i|iieslimi,  1    dei-li 


re    as   al 


Hvsaid  tlial,  tn  tile  host  n|'  my  kiinwln 


luhii'iiiatinn,  am 


lielier, 


.an,i;lev,  mi  tlie  l-'rast'r  !i'i\er,  was  settled  almiit  tlie  year  I.S27  or  IHliH. 


4.    Ill  answer  In  llie  Inilllli  i|iieslinii,  |  d. 


elare  as  atoresaii 


I  tliat,  alioiit  the  time  nl'  the  neirdli; 


nl'  ilie  Treaty  of  dune  lS4ii,  the  emnmnii   n{>iiiimi  as  tn  the  nlijeet  of  (J  real  I'ritain  insisting;  on  ihc  4:> 
]iarallel  heiiiLr  dellreted  in  a  smitherly  direrlimi,  and  ihrnii.n'h  the  Straits  nt'  Kiieii  to  the  I'aiilic,  in-'. 


il'  eilllillL;    thriilluh    \'aiieiiii\er    Islaliil 


that   il    was  tn  seriire  aeeess  tn   her  ] 


ins.sessinil--   In 


linrlhward  nt  the  4'.ltli  ]iarallel.  tlimnuh  llie  Straits  nl'  Kiie 

"i.   In  answer  tn  the   liltli  i|iie.slinii,  I   deelare  as  alnresaid   that   (ireat    I'liilain   then 
Coliimhiii  ii|i  to  parallel  of  iimili  latitude  .")4'  4(1',  and  \'aii -miver  Island. 


il  111 


li.   1 1 


I  answer 


tnll 


le  Sixth  i|lleslinil, 


I  (h'ehl 


al'nresa'd  that,  il'  the  free  iia\  i,L,'atinii  of  thi'."^!!: 


and  adjaeeiil  ehannel  was  imt  ;^iiaraiiteeil  to  (ireat   I'ritain,  aeeess  eniilil  only  lie  .seeiired  and  nlit.i 
tn  tlio.se  po.s.sessimis   liy  slii|is  uoin.u  to    tin'   westward   nf    Vaueonver   Island;    and,  as  re^'arls  i! . 


(Lssessiniis  on  the  coast  of  I'liilish  Coliimliia  lietweeli  tin 


st  and  4'.ltli  iiarallel,  aeee.s.s  wm'ld  liav 


lie  sniiiilit  tlirniiL;li  a  Strait  wliicli   is  inlrirate.  and  dilliriilt    nf  naviyiitinii   hy  reason   of  tlie  sini 
the  titles. 


TO »; 

liritisli 

Mill  Ml  r 
Jll-  Will 
^(t  fur  ll 
f  lllr  Slat 

biTiiiiilex 
)atlis."  (ill 
Ui'.Viilliler 
'I'll  kiiiiMi 
iiidcrsoii  1 
liii,;.'>  liieli; 
III  fail 
|li'l'i'ila"ii 
i;i  111  iiiir 


i  lii'ii'li 
111',  duly 
liiii'lii. 

Ill  ti'stii 
,1871, 


7  and  S.    Ill  answer  to  ihe  .seveiilh  and  einlilh  i|iii'slimis,  I  deelare  as  aforesaid  that,  when  llie  TiB    ,.,  ■    ■ 
I   :..    I .oi,'    1  .'......,'.     1..',         1 1  ...i.:..i 1 1    11 ■     lIlIMN  I 


was  siuned  in  ■lime  1X411,  and  |irevioiis  to  that  date,  the  iliannel  whieli  was  known  and   used  hy  v 
aiiiiinLrsl   the   islands  furminu  the  Areliiiielauo    lielweeii    N'aneonver  Island   and  the  ('mitiiii'iii,  i- 


to  the  Uomin 


I'la-i 
if  (Ireat  I'.rilain,  mirlh  of  llie  d'.Hl 


I  iiariillel,  was 


I'l   nllh 


d  it  was  then  the  oiil 


V  sllI'M'Veil  eliaiim 


the  Snail  of  1 


insariii.  iiii'i ' 


'.I.  In  answer  to  the  ninth  i|nestiiiii,  I  deelare  as  aforesaid  that,  previmis  loihe  sii;iiiii,L;' nf  llii'T:, 
in  lM4ii.  and  also  at  that  time,  the  only  ehannel  kiinwii  tn  he  iiavi,L;alile  ammi.ust  the  islamU  l"i:, 
the  Arrliiiu'la'iii  lielweeii  \'ani'nii\i'r's  Island  and  llie  ('miliiieiil  was  the  Strait  nf  I'osarin. 


M 
And  I  liirther  drelaie  as  aforesaid  thai,  in  the  end  of  the  vear  1S4l!  or 


from  N'aneniiM'i',  mi 


the  (• 


iliia   i; 


ii'i^inniii';  I 


'f  1st:!,  I 


to    Xisniiallv,  mi    I'lliiet   Soiiiid,  and   the  vessel  I 


liiMlimi, 


C'^i^ 


linilli];'.   Il, 


tlieiiee  towed  thrniit,di  llnsaiio  Straits  hy  the  Jliiilsnn's   Hay  ('nm]iany's  sti 


ii'iiver,     iiliil  11' 


sailed  tlirmiuh  (inlf  of  (1 


and  •lohnstnii  Strait  to  Sitka,  and  returned  therefrom  ihroiiLjh  .Iiiliii-^i"ia'iii   I,' 


Strait  and  llnsarin  Strail  tn  N'ietmia 

Diiriii;^  the  years  ISd.'S  and  IS  14  I  made  se\eral  trijis  in  the  se 


looiier  "  t'lldlioro, '  I'lniii  Vii'ti'iiil 


Lnn.nley,  tliroiii.;li  Iiosarin  Sirait,  and  haek  iv^Mw  from   Laiij^dev  to  Vieinriii  IlirniiLdi   i! 


wii      'eeu|iie(l  ^feiierally  in   makin 
n^pii.ssed  ihroiiLtli  Jiosarin  Straits 


','  siieli   \ova''es  diirini''  those  two  vears,  and  we  al 


ways  p; 


!i:|"'l,'i,i,'ii. 


To  the  liest  of  my  reeolleetimi,  in    1X4.")    I  made  a  \nyaj;e  in   the  liaii|iie    ■  \aiieniiver."  I'l- 


(A)luiiiliiii  iliver  tn  Fort  Laiiifley  tliroim'li  llosario  Strait,  and  luiek  aj,'aiii  to  X'ietmia 

III  tlu^  year  1S4(!,  to  the  liesi    of  my  knnwled.ue.  infnrmatimi,  and  lielief, 
soiindinjis  existed.     The  eliart 
Vancouver. 


lart  of  Hill" 
ise  was  thill  of  li'osiirio  Sirait   oiilv,   and   frmii   siirvevs  m.v 


I'rcvimis  tn  I84li,  tn  llie  liest   nf  niv   kiinwled^e,   iiil'nrmatimi,  and   helief,  iin  sailiii'4-\i's,-i'l, 


Il  thrnii'^h  llarn  Strait   iinde 


il.      If  ntlier  saililly 


'al'arin; 


man  on  the   Noil 


i-we.il  I'aiilirl 


on  the  oi'i'iision  III   the  "Cadlioro.    wei 
)irevioiis  to  lS4ii,  passed  i1ii'iiiil;Ii  Ham  Slrail,  I. 
should,  in  all  ]irnlialiility,  have  heard  of  il. 

The  one  iieeasinii  nil  which  the   "Cadlinrn"    passed  I  liiiiii;:li   Harn   Sliiiitwasin   IS4:!,  ami -!:■ 
was  cariii'd  by  the  tide  in  a  calm,  mi    her  passage  frmn    l-aii'.^ley  In  X'ietmia,  into  Haro  Strails 
ere  then  olili;;eil  tn  avail  niii'sel\es  nf  the  serviies  of  all   Indian  We  nie(  Willi  as  a  pilot,  as  w 


■ 

I.  Ill  an 

1 

M     lll|,;l|| 

1 

-    Ill   ai 

':  ;i'"::le, 

1 

■..-.,  |;i 

.'l;i. 

.'i   [i,   .,, 

II   ail 


III  aiil 


'  lu- 


I'luirt  1 


IV  winch  to  naviuale. 


And  I,  .lohn  Sv 


wanson  alinve-naiiied,  snleiiinly  deelare  that  the  i|ues!  inns  lieiviiilielnic  'el    I'l'iH' 
contained  in  the  ]iapei' wriliiii,'  miirked  /  shown  in  me  at  the  time  of  niakiiijj:  m!-;  i)i'claraiinii,i'ii'l 

am'  liv  virtue  I, I  1  ,i-  'ii">a 
f'i 


mak(^  the  aliove  statements 


•ieiitionslv  lii'lievinu  the  same  In  he  true 


of  an  Act  made  and  ]iiissed   in  the  sixth  year  of  ihe  rei,i,'n  of  Jlis  .Majesty  Kim,'  William  tar 
intituled  "An  Act  to  re|ieal  an  .\el   of  the  present  session  if  J'arliameiit,  iiililuled  'An  Ail 


All  Ai'i  fl 


ji'.ily  I'll 

I'l'ill;,; 

S't'  tliroii' 

ll'l, 

ill  aiil 

ij'ia  ii|,  r 

'll  IIII'I 

MlTlll 


jjj-jve  elfeeliuil  Al" 


if  Oaths  and    .\lliiiiial  imi-   lakeii   :iiid   made   in    val'imis    I  tepailiiieir 


(,f  his  uia1<iiv^ 


Ciilniiiliin,  l>imiiii:  • 
iiuH^  U\i'  yr.w  \M-1- 


35 

Istnti',  iiud  to  .sulj.stitutu  I)t'clMiatii)iis  in  lirii  tlu'runi',  iiiul  Inr  tin:  uioru  oiilirc  Sii]i|ir(>ssiiiii  of  Voluiitiiry 
Jiiml  Kxtnijudicial  Oullis  and  Atlidavils,  and  to  niaku  otliur  jn-uvisions  lur  tliu  Abolition  of  nnnect'ssavy 

lOali'^*.'" 

(Siync'd)  dOHX  SWANSUX. 

Ik'ciared  at  Victoria,  in  lliu   I'lovmcu  of  liritisli  Culuniitia,  JJuuiiuiun  ol'  Canada,  llii^  27lli  day 
|(,f  iji'lilemlifr,  1S7J. 

IJei'oiu  nil' : 
(.Si>,'nud)  M.  W.  TviiwiinT  1)i;aki;, 

Xuliifi/  J'/ihlii . 


wed  to  in  tlu'  Ih; 

il  at    l.ani^li'V.  nil 


TO  all  to  wlioni  llii'.-.c  incsciit  shall  conic,  I,  IJolicil  i'Muiii  .laiksmi, dl'  ilic  cilyof  ViiKilia,  i'io\incf' 
iliilisli  Cohiiiiliia,  ill  the  i)(aiiiiiioii  of  Ciiiwida,  Notary  I'liMic,  duly  adiiiillcd  mid  )ivaclisinj.',  in 
iiiMiiinrc  of  an  Act  of  Parliament  made  ami  jiasscd  in  the  sixth  year  ot  the  ivi^n  ol'  Mis  Majesty 
11','  Williaii!  I  V,  intiluli'd  "  An  Act  to  repeal  an  Act  oi'  llie  |iresenl  session  of  I'arlianient,  iiititnlcil  an 
t  liiv  llic  more  etfecliial  alioliliuii  of  oaths  and  atlivnialioiis  l;d<(  n  ;;ni|  made  in  vari(ais  r>e|iiivtiiieiits 
ifllic  State,  and  to  sidistiliitc  l)cclarations  in  liiai  theieoi',  imd  for  the  iiioic  entire  Sii]i]ircssion  of  vohiii- 
■)  and  lii4(i,  HiuUiuHjiviiiiil  extra- judicial  Oaths  and  AHidiivits.and  to  niai<e  other  I'rovisioiis  for  tla^  Aiiolitioii  of  uiincees.sury 
'iirt  VancoMVcr,  eii it^mlis, "  do  liereliy  certify  tiiat,  on  the  day  of  the  date  hereof,  fiursonally  came  and  ainieared  hefoie  iiie, 
i-,i  Straits  and  !!ii>.i:.B]fXiiiiiier  t'aiiltield  Andei'^on,  named  and  descrihdl  in  the  Declaration  heivii'ilo  annexeil.liein!,' a  jioi'son 
hroULjh  liosario  Siivii'^i.ll  l<ii(i\vn  and  worthy  ol  ;;oiid  credit,  and  liy  solemn  !)eclaration  which  the  said  Alexander  Caultiuld 
^(,..,ii  BiidiMjoii  then  made  hefore  nie,  did  .solemnly  and   sincerely  decliire  to  lie  true  the  several   niatters  mid 

)i>sl   of  niv  1<ii"w1".-Bi:iil;>  inciitioned,  and  coiitnined  in  the  said  annexed  jlcclaratioii. 

IS'JT  or  IH2S.  H     111  faith  and  teslinioiiy  whereof  I   have  hereiiiito  set  my  hand  anil  seal  of  (illice.  and  have  caused 

iiiie  of  the  neLreliiUtBiiliirlii'iition  to  he  hereunto  annexed.     Uated  at  A'ictoria  aloresaid  the  |."ith  day  of  Se|itemlier.  in  the 
u  insistini;  on  llic  l.'»,'i  i.|  uui'  'o.d,  IS71. 

(SiM||,.,|)  K'oj'.T.  K.  .lAcKSOX, 

.\'i>/„n/  J'lihlir. 


,  to  the  I'acitic,  ith' 
her  ]iossessions  t..  ::l 


ain  then   ludd  I'.i;'-^    I  i|,,|.,,|,y  ,.,.]iiiy  that   Itohert   Kdwin  Jackson,  whose  .si.uiiatiire  is  liereimio  attached,  i.-,  a  Xolaiy 
V,  duly  admitted  and  iiractisiiii;  in  the  city  of  A'icloria,  I'loviiiee  of  liritisli  (  oliiiiiliia.  ilominiiai  of 


lavi.^atioii  of  the  Sli.; 
e,  swnred  and  olitiii 
;  anil,  as  re.Lsar  h  i! 
!el,  access  woe'.d  ll;l^• 
■ason   of  lla'  ■^ll■'■"-■ 

id  ihat.wheii  llic  T. 
iwii  and   iisi'd  liv  V. 
\  the  Coiitinem.  i" . 
nail  of  llosario.  ;iiM 

ihe  si'4iiin;4  "'' ''"' '' 
uosl  the  islaiaN  l"i; 
,,f  Kosario. 
..iniiiii';  of  l^' t.'i,  I  - 
Tthe  vessel  1  was  m 
IT  ••  lieaver,"  and  ll'^ 
refroiii  thnaeali  •'"ln'-j 

'adhoro,"  from  Vidviil 
uon-h  l!o-  ■>  Stwf" 
1,1  we  always  pasMM 

,„.    ■  Vaneonvev.'  Ii'> 

icloria. 

iio  chart   of  11.11" 
id   from   surveys  in;- 


,|',  nil  sailiii:-:-VfSsel,  1 

f  oilier  Niilin^-vcss.J 

Ninth- we.it  racili> 


111  tcstiii'iiiy  whereof   I    have  hereunto  .set  liiv  hand   and   ollicial   .--eal   lliis    Itli    dav   of  Octolier, 

1871. 

(Sii^iiedj  (;ii.\i:i.i;s  (iiinn. 

Ct.ihiuiiil  >:>icritari/. 

riii^  Is  the  iiapei  writiiij;'  marked   1>,  shown  to  llciiiy  slye  ^fa.son  al  tliu  time  of  lii«  inukiny  hi.? 
liiKilioii,  and  theiein  referred  to  mi  tin'  'J'.lth  day  of  Se]iteiiilier,  ltl71. 
Hefore  me  : 
(.SiLiiied)  M.   W.   TviiWIIITT  lIlJAKK, 

Svliirii  I'uhlii.. 

(I'-) 

I.  Alexander  Caiillii  M    A'l  leisoii,  now  oi   Saauich.  Vancouver  Island,  in  llie,  I'lnvilice   of   liriti.sll 
|iiiiil'iii.  liominioii  of  ■  '  i:,'   :>.  ^eitler,  do  soleinnly  and  sincerely  declare  as  follows : — 

mil  an   ex-cli'  i    •  i    !■  v,    i    the    lliidson's   Hay  ('oiii]iany,  and   lale  an  a,i;ent  of   hlnyd'.s  for  the, 

luMiliiii    River,  an  I  i,  i;;i.-'iit   coasts,  and    from    IS:!:;  and    IS.'i]    I  x\as  under  the  several  a|i|ioiiit- 

lil- lirjil  liy  nie  a;  ■■•■'.      .'.      o'     he  Hudson's  Hay  ( 'oniiiaiiy,  ciailieeled    fwilli   the  e.xce]itioii   of  short, 

i:\,iN    direeth    or  inui;.    il     nitli   the  hiisines.s   of  tlii^   said   ('oni|)aiiy  on    the  Xorth-west    I'aeilic 

tt.  which  hiisiness  then  r.    air'  '  their  vessels  fi'e((neiitly  lo  navii,'ale  the  waters  of  the  unlf,  and  the 

Hii|«'laj,'ii.  and   Str.iiis  iif  fma.  and  during  the  .i^rcater  jiorlion  of  the  said   ]ieriod,  resided  mi,  or  was 

:i-'.-.'  cniiininnicaiioii  with  the  N'orlh-wt'sl  I'acilic  Cuast. 

!,  Ill  answer  to  the  lirsl   c|uesiion    I  declare  as  afoi'esaid  thai,  alioiil    lS4.'"palid    LSfli,  Ihe   lliidson's 
f I   iHliany  had  a  sellleineiit   al    l.a'     I' \  on  the    fraser    li'iver.  and  oilier  selllemeiils   lii;,r|n.i' ii]i  the 

III  aiwuei    lo   the   sceoiid   i|li(  siiciii.    I    declare   as  aforesaid   that    lradili^;-vesse|s   or  other  craft 
II':  ii'^';ileil   with   the   selllemeiil   ol'  l.aii'^ley  from   l'orci,L'ii   jiarls,  and  from   the  seiilenieiits  of  the 
"i.i  h'i\ci' Ol' iis  iici'^lilioiiiliiiod.  Iiv  the  Straits  iii    fuca,  the  Straits  nf    leismio.  and   the   (!nlf  of 


111  aiisuei 
^iiiiliili  and  !' 


HJl"   .>n,l  sli.'.B^-  '"  '"1^"' 
was  111  l^^-l-:'"';'   "  .■t,,„v,.|'.|, 


the    lliii.l   i|iiesliiiii,  I  ileilaie  as  .ifuresaid    llial,  to    liie    hesl  of  my   kllowledj,'u, 
i.aiiLjIey,  on  the  l''ra.sei'  IJiver.  was  seltled  ahiiiit  the  year  IS27  or  IH2S, 
■  fourth  1 1  nest  ion,  I  declare  as  aforesaid  ihal.alionl  the  liiue  of  the  iie,Lrotialioll  of 
II        mviits  hKm!'''''''.^ '■'  •'"'"     '■      ll.  ■  cnmmon  opiiiioii  as  to  the  olijeci  ol'  (ileal    I'liitain  insisting,'  on   the  41)th 
,  into   llaio  .     '  ^^''i  ■Sl..|  |,|,j||,,  ,]|,||,,,.(|,,|   ill  a  soulheily  direction,  Ihiounh  the  Straits  nf  |'"uca  lo  the  Tacilic,  instead   of 
illi  as  a  \ii  o  .  ..  W'i,'tlir(jiij.r||  Vancouver  Island,  was  to  secure  acce.s.s  to  her  |Hissessioiis  to  the  northward  of  the  4',Jth 

leri'inoeioo     >'        i.'.^H.°.  in  ..h.m,.,    i.,   iKi.   iiiili   ..iii...i  ir.n    I  il,...|,.i..  ,,..   .ir.>i.,...;i,l    iIi.m    i:i.,..i     l'.,ii  ,ii,   then   held    Ihitish 


'    '      .1.   •'■  I  loii  all'l ''■■''   '"  ""~^^'''    '"   ''"'    '''•''   M'"''-''""'  '  declale  as    aforesaid    that    (ileal     liiUaili    then    held 

,^  ,  ^  ili'claiio  ('i.'ai"^'W'''''''  "''  '"  1""'""'''  "'  '""'"'  '''li""'''  -"'4    4(1',  and  \'aiicou\er  Isliiml. 

y}  ^  VJ'-'I] ■','       til,,  ffl*'  '"  mister  to  the  sixth  i|iies(ioii,  1  declare  as  aforesaid  thai,  if  the  free  lia\ieatioli  o,    ,lie 

.'■^   ,   'i   ,' \,,  \|.t  |'iirB'''i'"''''i'  ('lianiiel  was  not  uuaraiileed   to   (Ircal    iiritain,  acccs  couM   nidy    he   ohtainiMl   to   th 

•  '"''",'      ',,,'„'.■  I '•'■i  sliipsj  jfiiinii;  tu  the  westward  uf  Vuneoiivcr  Island  ;  and  iis  rei;ards  ihosu  iios.'sus.'jious 

.arioiis  lieiiiirliiica.     »  ■        i    o      .-  >  o  i 


Straits 
lose. 

s  oil 


Appendix. 


I(^ 


;li 


lilr 


Aiipciidix. 


36 

iho  ((pfist  nl"  Hiitisli  Cohiinliia,  lielwi'i'u  tlic  ."ilst  iiiiil  4'.i|li  ]iiiiiillcl,  acix'ss  would  have  to  lit!  sdiii; 
llirc)ii;,'li  II  striiil  uliirli  is  inlrinilc,  lunl  ilitlicull  ol' ii:i\  ii,'iiliciii  liy  rciisim  olllii'  stn'iij,'lli  ol'tlK^  tide 


mil  8.   Ill  iiiiswiT  to  ilii-  si^vctitli  iiml  i 


iuhl 


I    Illll'SllClllf 


ili'riiili'  iis  II 


I'mvsiiiil  iliiit,  wlini  tlu^  Ti 


Mils  siL;ii('il   ill  .Iniic  lS4Ci,  iiini  iii'cvioiis  In  linil  iliilc,  llii'  rliiimicl  wliicli  wiis  liimwii  iiiiil  iiscil  liy  vessel. 
illilci||,!,'Sl    tile    isliiliils    l'(iniiiii;4    till'    Ari']li|irlilnii    lpcl\\fcll    N'llliciiuvcr    Islnilii    lllld    tllc    ('(illlilUMII,  tn  '.v, 

iiiTi'ss  III  (iiir  diiiiiiiiiiiiis  imrtli  of  tjii'  4'.ttli  |iiiiii]lrl.  wiis  ilic  Siniits  nl'  li'iisnriii,  mid  liiiil  i.'liiiiim.'l  inilyjl 


it  Wiis  tlli'll  tlic  iiiilv  siil\r\ 


(Ml    Clllllllll 


'.t.   Ill  iiiis\,i'r  to  llio  ninth  i|iicsiiijii,  I  drcliiii'  us  iitdri'snid  tliiit,  ]irc\  imis  to  tlir  siL;niiiL;ol'  tin'  Tiv 
ill  I  SKi,  imd  iilso  lit   tliiit    lime  tlic  only  liiiiiiin'l   known  to  In' niiviu'idili' iniion.iist    tlif  isliinds  Inimiii 
tjir  .\n-lii]icliii,'o  lictwccn  \'iiiicoiivi'r  Islnnd  iind  tlic  Continent  of  Aiiicrii'ii  wiis  the  Strnils  ol'  llnsiirii. 

I    I'lirlliev  deeliive   lis   iil'oresiiid,  the  wimle  tenor  of  my  exiiel'ieiwe  diiriii;,' my  siiid  lesideiice  nn 
lieiil' the   Xortli-Wdsl    I'aeitic   ( 'oust,  wiis  to  the  elleet   tliiit  the  only  reeo!,'liized   ehiiniiel  of  ii]i|iriiiuli  t| 
Kriiser   lliver,  of  to  tlie  noil lierii  |iiifts  liy  the  iiiiiei' |iiissii^'e  tliroiiuli   the  (iiill'of  ( 


eoi'i'iii,  WHS  liv 


iStl'ilit.s  of  ItosHiio. 
I    I'lirtiier  declii 


iforesiiid  thiit,  ill  the  winlei'  of  18.'1-1,  while  on  mv  wiiy  from  Foit  Si 


iii]iMiii: 


the  ('oliindiiii    l.iver,  on  lioiiid  the   lliiilsnn's  liny  ('oin|mny's  lifi;,'  "  Dfyiid,"  (Ji|>tiiiii  Ki|ilinLr, 

The  truck   indiciited  to  me  ii]ioii  A'liiiconvei's  di 


liv  the    llosiirio  Strnit,  tl 


le  iisiiiil  iiiiil  oiiiv  kiiohJ 


orders  to  toiicii  iil  Kort    Liiiijiley  on    ['"liiscr   IJiver. 

liy  the  niiister.  nnil  wliicli  we  |i!ii|ioscd  to  fol]:iw,  wic 

cliiinnel   lit    thiit    time.     Stiv-s  of  wcnther  iiiid  the  fiiiiurc  of  )iio\  isioiis  coni|ielled  us  to  hear  U]i  fcij  : 

"  Columhiii,"  after  eiidciiMiiiiiiii,'  to  enter  tln^  Straits  of  l-'iii-a   wiliioiil    ha\in,L;-   I'lillilled  our  ohj 

tprocccdiiii;  to  l.iiiml 


,.,■1 


cv. 


In  IS-11 


Willie  I  was  111  cliiiivc  o 


if  tile  Iluds 


ill's  I'lay  ( 'oiii|iai,y' 


Kstalilislinicnt  at  Fort   Xi 


on    l'u,i;et    Sound,  the    I'nitcd    .  t;  I.es'  lvN]iloriii,i:;   K\|ieditioii,  under  Coiuliioiiore,   W 


'I" 


ilks,  arrivcil 


Coinniodcirc  Willis  was  dcsirou..     i' 
towards  I'laser  li'iver,  and  on  liis  ■ 
steamer  "  l!ea\i'r,"  was  sent  on  lioiih 
with  tlic  llosario  ( 'liannel. 


\u'^  a  survi'yiii;^'  m'sscI  (the  "  I' 
111  for  a  pilot,  one  of  tin 


111. 
ir|ioise,  Comiiiauder  jliiiu'.'"' 
oi'  tlie  Hudson  liiiv  ( 'ciiiii;!,". 


pilot  (v 


name  I  think  was  Wade)  was  aci|uaiiittd 


In  di 


■iirly  in  duly  ISIS,  having;' conducted   f.ir  ihe  lirst  time  liie  hriijade  with  the  ivl 


from  the  inleiior  to  Fort  l,aiii;le\-  on  Fiiiser  lliver,  I  tra\cl|cd  liy  ciiuik'  from  that  .station  to  Victn 
\'aiicoiiver   Island.      Crossinj,'  the  (iiilf  of  ( leoi;,'ia,  we   passed   tliroii,i;li  what   lias  since  heeli  klii'«i 
l'liini|icr,  or  .\i'live    I'liss,  ami   then  liy  the  Strait  of  llaro.     This  was  at  that  lime  known  as  thi' i;: 
route,  as  distiiiniiishcd  frnii  the  eslalilished  ship  route  liy  the  L'osnrio  Strnil 


oi  I 
tiic  .' 

[ircsi 

tinll.'i 

tiicri 
III  nil 
llie  d 
l»irl„ 
IVcl;, 
to  In; 
J 

tlie  D( 
ourLi 


r 

::nX,i 

J'-)iiiiii 

III 


Till 
Dfclarat 


In  dulv  IS."i(i,  the  scjiod 


tier   "  ('ill 


('iiiitain   Scarlior(aiu:li,  arrived  at    l,iinj,dey  durini; 


•  there  from  the  iui.'rinr,  IniiiLtiutj'  sii)i|ilies  for  the  trade.     The  followinji  year  auollier  vessel  lieln 


oni]iaiiv   'Hie 
111 


li'ei'overv,"  1  think),  came  to  the  nioiith  of  Fraser    Itiver  to  receive  our  liu- 


ii'ar  aiiv  men 


tioii  of  the  llaro  ( 'hi 


ir  that  iiiiv  ileviation  from  the  old  estiiM 


the   ( 

neither  case  ilii 
tiiick  had  occurred. 

'I'hiit  as  lute  as  |S."i|,l  may  di,-,iiiiclly  stale  my  c(in\ictioii  from  ]iersoiial  kiiiiwliMli,'e  of  fiich, 
the  liosiirio  Slr.iil  was  the  iail\'  aulhiiri/.ed  cliaiinel  of  communication  followed  liy  the  vossel.-i  n! 
Hudson's  IJiiy  Coiiipany.  I  liavi'  heard,  indeed,  that  an  e.\]ieriiiiciilal  trip  ihroimli  the  llaro  Stnii! 
on  one  occasion,  lieeii  made  willi  the  steamer  "  lieaver,"  under  ('iiptain  llrotchie,  at  that  time  in:; 
liiit  I  iiuderstoiid  likewise  that  the  master  was  reprimanded  on  lliis  occasion  for  his  temerity.  W 
(^ver  the  partial  c\|iloriitions  ihal  had  lieeii  made  at  aii  earlier  |icriod  hy  the  Spaniiirds,  and  al'tcm. 
liy  Commander  liiii,^'iold,  nl'  ihc  I'nitcd  States'  Navy,  the  |iii.ss;iL;e  was  incompletely  known  ;  iiml  i; 
only  iiflcr  the  survey  perfnniicd  under  the  direction  of  the  |iresent  liydronraiiher  of  the  .\illiii; 
.\iliiiiriil  Itichards,  ill  Her  .Majesly's  ship  "  l'luui|ier."  tlial  the  capacity  of  the  I  liiro  Sirail  as  ii  cliii: 
of  communicalinii,  su]iersediii^   to  some  exteiil   llic  nil^inal   route   hy  the    llosario  .Strait,  wiis  {iii'!:H{: 


leco'.riiizcil 


In  coiiclusiou,  I   distiucily  stiiie  that,  up  to  llic  wiiiler  of 


w  lieu  we  were  surpri.scti  in 


adverse  iiositiou  then  sni 


till: 


Ideiil 


viidviinced,  no  i 


loiilil 


itertaiiied  liv  iue,oiiinv  one  that  I  kiiii« 


ipiarter  acipiainted  with   the  facts,  as  to  that    iiiterpretaiion  of  the  'I'reaty  which  refers  tl 


to  the  Old 


y  slup  clianucl  I  lieu  known,  the  IJcsario  Mrail. 


.Viid    I   the  iilioxe-nanicd  Ale.sander  Caul 


.\i 


udersoii,  soleiiiidv  declare  that    I    made   IIil' 


My 

oarao  t(i 
iiw,  niici 

Hi  tliiit  ( '( 

2.  h. 

dianiu'l  11 
Ws  the  ]( 
4.  In 
lie  ithjfvi 
'ml  jwi'a 
a.  Ill 
iji  to  .^4" 
(I.  In 
7.  In 

[ll.V  kllllM 

r  Siiiiiii" 


stiilements  conscieiilioiisly  helieviiiu'  the  .same  to  he  true,  and  hy  virtue  of  the  proxisious  d  iHiBli'iiilij  jinij 
made  ami  piissed  in  the  sixth  year  of  the  ri'l^ii  of  His  .Majesty  Kiiiu  Will  in  in  l\',  intituled  "  .\ii  .iS  ,s.  [n 
repeal  an  Act  of  the  ]ireseiit  Session  of   I'lirliiinicut.  intituled  all  Act    for  the  luoie  elfectuid  Almlili'^iSj;^  Jy,^; 


Vttiruialioiis  taken  ami  iiiiide  in  various  I  )eiiaitiiieiils  of  the  Stale,  and  to  sulislitutc  Pi' 


Oaths  am 

lions   in    lieu   thereof,  and   for  tin 


Atlidavits,  and  to  luakc  other  I'mvisimis  for  the  .Vlioliiion  nf  nunc 

''Sin;iicc 


•iilire  Suppressinii   of  voluutary  ami  extrajudicial   < 'iilli-Bsed.a 


Ii 


ssarv  <  laths. 


Ij 


Al.KXi;.  C.   AXItKi:>".mirt 


Dechired   at   V 
Suptuniljur,  1871. 
(SignedJ 


ic.uria,    I  roMiice    o| 


llritish    (,'oliimliiii,    liominiou   nf  ('auiida,  tl 


lis   H'lli 


*  aiicd 
ii.seij 

Till.'  J 


I'lillT.    K.   .IacKsoN,  A'c/"/7/  y'"/i//- 


plllH' 

k'liei' 


I'lrtiiri'i,  lirilixli  Culii tiilmi. 


I   lioi'i'liy   certify  thai    I'oliert    Fdwiii   diicksmi,  u  Iiom' siLiiiatiire  is  iiltaihcd  to  this  duciilin'iid 
X'olary  I'ulilic  hy  Itoyal  aiithnrity,  duly  iiiithorizcd,  admiiled  and  sworn,  ami   that   he   is  rc«iilin'( 
practising,'  iu  N'ictoria,  Province  of  I'.riiish  Cohimliia,  Domininn  of  Canada. 
(Siynuil)  Cii.\i!i.i;s  (loon,  ('(ihininl  .K'rn/nn/, 

Sjitaiihr  L' I,  1871. 


iilly, 

^illy 
h'liinl 

'"lliilulll 
'■i'llCll  i 

Tiijc 
« if  Hal 

"ir  El 
'  part  o| 

Anil 

P""'i(MUiri 

I  ill  tl 

|"ff  thof 

m 


have  to  lio,  siw^l.:| 
ill  of  the  liili'^. 
ml,  when  tin'  Tiv.it'l 
and  ust'tl  liv  \i'>-i:'[ 

H'     ('(mtilll'lll,  tn  Ji 

Unit  cliiiiiii'^'l  tiiily  ■ 

si;4iiin!^  lit'  llir  Tiviiivl 
liic  islnnds  fi>niiii..| 
Slniils  nt'  Kcisiui" 

Si\i(l    ivsilll'llfc  nil  ■•! 

uuu'l  nf  i\iiiii(i,iili : 
f  CiMivjiiii,  WHS  liv:,, 

lV.Mii  I'nvt  Simi-'i:' 
,l,iiu  Kiiiliu;-'.  wil: 
,1,11  Viiucimvnsi'l. 
usual  ami  ""ly  kn'  ;' 
\  „s  til  111"'"'  "!'  1'"' 
I'nllilK'il  our  iiliji'i 

ml  lit  Viii'l  Ni^'l"'''j 
Wilks,  aiTivi'il  tli' 
('oiiniiiiinli'V  Kill:-'-" 
Imlsun  r.iiy  ('mill'': 
lo)  was  aniuiuiuol": 

•i.^aiii'  Willi  tii;;  '■'■""' 

irslalinii  l"  Vii'l"iM| 
,as  siin'o  lict^ii  l<»""i'j 
ii,R'  kiniwii  aslluMv:, 

Laiij^li'V  iliiviu;^'  iiO;'| 
i,,l„.v  vrssfl  lit'lHii;-'ii.f 
t,,  ivi'civi'  (Uiv  liii^  I 
IViiiu  llie  iil'l  >-'''l''''''' 

kiinwlflli;!'  Ill'  ''"■'"' 
.,1   l,v  lli«^  vessels  «'!  ■ 
,„,,U'tlu.  llavi.  Siniu:. 
\[._  at    tliilt    tniii'  111';;'] 
,v  his  tciiii'viiv- 
.laiiii.nls,  aii.l  nlU'i^i 
^,t,.lvkniiwii;ii"'''=; 
vapliev  of  the   Aili""^J 
llavo  Si  rail  »>  n  ™'';] 
avin  Slviiit,  wiis  I'll', 

we  were  siivi'visi'il  l'^'- 

,,„v  line  tl'"l  1  '^"'      , 
y'wliieli  refers  lli.'^'j 

,.  thai    1    liiiiil''   lli^'" 

,1,,.  pvdvisiniis  "I  ai.. 

IV,  inlituli'il  •■  All  A 

„,..re  elVeel.ial  Ah"  U!l 

,,„a  In  suiislilute  1 

,1  ..Nlraitiilieial  "''>'" 

ilhs."  ,  ,,,, 

.KXK.  ('.  ANl»l'.l' 

Caiiaihi.  llii>    l''tl''' 


rhril  III  lllis    .liK'""''" 

1,1  Ihi.l   111'  i'^  ''^•""''" 


37 

TO  fill  to  whom  these  presents  shall  como,  I,  Montaftiio  William  Tyrwhitt  Drake,  Notary  Public 
IjV  Iliiyal  authority,  duly  luithonzud,  admitted,  and  sworn,  residing  and  practisinj^  in  Victoria,  i'rovinco 
di'  liiilish  (-'olunihia,  Uoniinion  of  Canada,  in  ])Ursuance  of  an  Act  of  I'urlianient,  made  and  passed  in 
the  sixth  year  of  the  reii;u  of  His  ^Majesty  Kin;,'  William  IV,  intituled  "  An  Aet  to  rejieal  an  Aet  of  the 
jireseut  Session  of  rarlianienl,  intituled  an  Aet  for  the  more  effeetual  Aliolition  of  Oaths  and  Afhrnia- 
tiiiiis  taken  and  niade  in  various  J )eparlnieiits  of  tlio  State,  and  to  siihstitiite  Declarations  in  lieu 
thereof,  and  for  IIk;  more  entin;  .Siijiiiression  of  voluntary  and  extrajndieial  Oaths  and  Allidavits,  and 
t,i  iii!ik(!  other  jirovisions  fur  the  Aholitinn  of  uinieeessary  Oaths,"  do  herehy  certify  that,  on  the  day  of 
liie  dale  heri^of,  jiersonally  eanie  and  a|)])eared  liefore  nie,  llerhert  (r.  I^wis,  named  and  deserihed  in  the 
ill  rlaraliim  hereimlo  ainuixed,  iK'iiif;  a  person  well  known  and  worthy  of  good  credit ;  and  hy  .solemn 
liiilaiatiiiii  which  the  said  Ilerliert  C!.  Ixiwis  then  made  hefore  me,  did  solemnly  and  sincerely  declare 
t(i  he  Inie  the  sevepjl  matters  and  things  mentioned  and  contained  in  the  siiiil  annexed  ] )celaratioii. 

In  faitii  and  testimony  whereof  I  have  heri^unto  set  my  hand  and  seal  of  ollice,  and  have  caused 
the  Declaration  to  be  hereunto  annexed.  JJateil  iit  Metoria,  the  14th  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of 
our  Lord  1871. 

(Signed)  jr.  W.  TYKWIIITT  DIIAKK, 

Xutmii  Fi'llir. 

I  hereby  certify  that  Montague  William  Tyrwhitt  Dr.ake,  whose  signature  is  hereunto  attached, 
i;  !i  Xiitary  Public,  duly  admitted  and  practising  in  the  City  of  Victoria,  Province  of  Uritish  Coliimltia, 
li.r'.iiiiiiiin  of  Canada. 

Ill  teslimony  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  official  seal,  this  4th  day  of  October, 
A.u.  1871. 

(Signed)  CirAKLEs  Goon, 

Colonial  Secretary. 

This  is  the  paper  writing  marked  E,  shown  to  Henry  Slyo  Mason  at  tho  time  of  his  making  his 
pLchiralioii,  iind  therein  referred  to  on  the  29th  day  of  September,  1871. 
liefore  me : 
(Signed)  M,  W.  TyjiwuiTT  Drakk, 

Notary  Pitllio. 

(E.) 
IIerbekt  G,  Lewis. 

My  name  is  Herbert  G.  Lewis,  master  mariner.  I  have  been  a  master  mariner  since  1859.  I 
Icame  lu  this  coast  in  18-17.  I  have  been  in  the  Hudson  Hay  Company's  service  from  that  time  till 
liiow,  find  during  the  gretiter  part  of  that  time  I  have  been  trading  on  the  >forth  Paoitie  Coast,  in  charge 
l(il'tli;\t  ('i)m]iany's  vessels. 

2.  In  answer  to  C^tuestion  2,  I  say:  To  the  best  of  my  knowledge,  information,  and  belief,  the  only 
Iclianuel  used  by  sailing-vessels  going  to  Kort  Langley  on  the  Eraser  Eiver  through  the  Straits  of  Euca 
|vas  the  Kosario  Straits,  in  the  year  1848-49. 

4.  In  answer  to  Question  4, 1  say :  In  the  latter  part  of  1847  and  in  1848  it  was  considered  that 
liie  object  was  to  give  free  access  to  British  territory  on  the  North-west  Pacific  Coast,  up  to  tho 
|E2iul  luirallel  of  latitude. 

.").  In  answer  to  (Question  5, 1  say:  She  held  Vancouver  Island  and  she  held  British  Columbia 
fip  to  ."4"  W  north-latitude. 

0.  In  answer  to  Question  6, 1  say :  Only  by  going  to  the  westward  of  Vancouver  Island. 
7.  In  answer  to  Question  7, 1  say :  I  can  only  speak  to  the  jieriod  after  1847,  and  to  the  best  of 
iiy  kiiiiwledge,  information,  and  belief,  from  thence  to  1848  and  1849  tho  Haro  Straits  were  not  used 
ky  Miihiig-vessels ;  if  they  had  been  so  used,  1,  as  a  .setd'aring  man  on  the  North-west  Pacific  Coast, 
lli'jiilil  liiive  heard  of  it. 

f<.  Ill  answer  to  (Question  8, 1  say:  The  reason  for  Haro  Straits  not  being  used  by  sailing-.ships  in 
\U',  1848,  and  1849,  wn.s  that  it  was  then  nnsurveyed. 

0.  In  tinswer  to  Question  9, 1  say:  As  I  before  said  in  1847,  1848,  and  1849,  Rosario  Strait  waa 
hd  ,as  a  surveyed  channel,  and  Haro  Straits  had  not  been  surveyed,  anil  wiis  not  so  used  by  ships. 

Vancouver's  Charts  were  used  for  these  waters  in  1847,  and  till  1854.  I  never  knew  the  Spanish 
part  used,  or  any  American  Chart  used,  about  that  time.  To  the  best  of  my  knowletlge  I  never  heard 
fiivpsscl  going  through  Haro  Straits,  but  only  through  Eosario  Straits  in  1847,  1848,  find  1849. 

Tiie  maj)  A,  especially  as  regards  Haro  Straits,  is  a  most  inaccurate  representation  of  what  was 
Niiialty  known  in  1847, 1848,  and  1849.  Haro  Straits  being  then  unknown,  and  Eosario  Straits 
piiemlly  used  by  ships. 

Fiiiin  1847  till  1852  I  was  employed  on  board  ships  of  tho  saiil  Company,  trading  between 
"ii'iliilu  find  Victoria  for  the  Hudson's  Ba.y  Company,  and  Haro  Straits  have  been  from  time  to  time 
ivJL'ated  since  1852  liy  me. 

Tides  are  very  irregular  on  the  efist  coast  of  Vancouver  Island.  This  irregularity  could  hardly 
^i>t  if  Haro  Strait  was  the  channel  thixuigh  which  the  nuiin  volume  of  wfiter  ebbed  and  llowed. 

Oil"  East  Point  and  Patos  Island  a  cuirent  with  the  ebb  and  flood  tide  sets  so  strong  as  to  render 
W  I«vl  (if  Haro  Straits  unsafe  for  sailing-vessels. 

Ami  I,  Herbert  tl.  Lewis,  above  niuned,  solemnly  declare  that  I  make  the  above  statements, 

">|  ii'iitiously  believing  the  same  to  be  true,  and  by  virtue  of  the  provisions  of  an  Act  made  and 

'  ill  tho  sixth  year  of  the  reign  of  His  Majesty  King  William  IV,  intituled  "  An  Act  to  repeal  an 

|ti  of  the  present  Session  of  Farliameut,  intituled  au  Act  for  the  more  cH'cctuol  Abolition  of  Oaths 


Appendix. 


[105] 


G 


Appendix* 


38 

nnd  AfTirmatinns,  takon  nnil  r.iado  in  vnvioiis  'Dopnrtmrnts  of  tlio  Rtato,  nnil  ti  milistitiito  Drclnvatiotn 
ill  lieu  tliGHMif,  ami  fur  llio  move  cnliri!  Sii|)]H'i'H.si(Hi  of  Vdluiitaiy  iiiul  fxtnijiidiuial  Oatli.s  ami  Allidavit^, 
aijil  to  laako  otli(;r  I'rovisioii.s  |(ir  tin'  Alidlitiou  ol'  uimuci'ssurv  Oaths." 

(Siu'iK'd)  HKlilSKRT  (1.  LKWIS. 


Declared  at  Victfiria,  iirovinco  fif  ISiilisli  Coliimlna,  tl 
(Sij^iied)  ]\I.  \V.  TvifWiinr  Diiaki:. 

jVdldri/  J'lihlic. 


Itli  day  dl' Soi)loinl)or,  1871. 


I  Imrfiby  certify  that  Jf.  W.  Tyrwhitt  Drake,  wlinse  sii^nattm^  is  aitaflied  tn  tliis  dopiiiTiPnt,  is  ,->. 
Notary- I'nl die  liy  lloyal  autliorlty,  didy  aiithdrizi'il,  adniltted,  iiiid  sv.nrii ;  mid  that  he  is  residunt  ainl 
practisiuj,'  in  Vietoria,  I'roviiUM^  (if  iiritisli  ('dluiiiliia,  Doiniiiiou  uf  Canada. 
(HigliL'd)  ClIAl!I-i:s  (Inni),  ('olmiid!  SicnlKrij, 

Hqitnuhr  21,  1871. 


TO  all  tnAvlmni  tluse  I'lvsenls  sladl  eduie,  I,  Itiilierl  ijiuin  dackson,  nl'  tlin  f'ity  (if  Virtnri.i, 
Province  uf  riritisii  ( 'dlmiiliia,  Ddiuinion  ol'  Canada,  Nulary  i'ldijie,  'niy  adniiUed  and  iiraclisini,',  in 
pnrsuancx'  of  ihe  Ail  nf  I'arlianient  made  and  jiassed  in  the  sixtii  year  of  ihe  rei^n  (if  H;, 
Majesty  Kim;  Wiiliaui  iV,  iniilidi'd  "An  Act  to  repeal  an  Act  of  the  javsunt  Session  of  J'arliaiai  ii: 
intituled  'an  \v{  fui'  tlie  naire  elfcctiial  AluilitioM  ul'  Oallis  and  Allirniatlnns  taken  and  made  in 
various  Dejiartmcnts  of  tlio  Stale,  and  to  sulistilule  Declarations  in  lieu  thereof  and  fur  th- 
more  entire  Suii|iression  of  volnnlary  and  extrajudicial  Oaths  and  AlUdavits,  and  to  make  uilur 
I'rovisions  for  the  .\liolitionof  unnecessary  Oat)  *<,'  "  do  herehy  ilecdare  that,  on  the  day  of  the  date  heri'..|; 
yiereonally  came  and  apiieareil  liefor(!  mv  Hodcii  k  l'"iniaysiai,  named  and  descrihed  in  tla;  Deelaratj.n 
hereunto  annexed.  In'im;  n  ]iers(in  widl  known  ai.  I  uorthy  of  yood  credit,  and  hy  sdlenni  declanuinii  I 
which  the  said  iicnlerick  I'iidayson  then  made  liefo.e  nu',  did  sidenndy  and  sincerely  declare  to  he  in;.;  | 
the  several  matters  and  ihiujis  mentioned  and  contain(^d  in  the  said  annexed  Dc^claration. 

In  faitii  and  testimiaiy  whereof  1  have  lieicuutosel  my  hand  and  seal  of  ol)iee,and  have  causcil  iL;  | 
said  Declaration  to  be  heriMuito  annexed,  ilated  the  :i()lh  dav  of  Seiilenilier,  A.n.  1S71. 

(Signed)  IIOJ'.T.   !•:.  JACKSOX. 

A'<)/r(/'y  I'lihl.'i; 

I  herd ly  certify  that    Ituhcrt  Kdwin   Jackson,  whose  signature  is  hereunto  attached,  is  a  Xnl;irv| 
Puhlic,  duly  admitted  and  'iractising  in  the  City  of  Victoria,  Province  of  Ui'itish  Cohuuliia,  Dijuiiiii.: 
of  Canada. 

In  testimony  whereof  I  have  liereunto  set  my  hand  and  ollicial  st;al,  Ihi.'j  -llli   day  of  Ociulx;,! 

AD.  1871. 

(Signed)  CiiAitLiis  Good, 

Culonial  Sccrdarij. 

This  is  the  pAliiliit  marked  F,  referred  to  iu  the  annexed  Declaration  of  Eoderick  Fiulayscul 
declared  the  l.'^th  day  of  Septendier,  1871. 
rSefuru  mc  : 
(Signed)  ItoiiT.  E.  TAfKsnN, 

Nvtarij  FuUic. 

Interrogatories  relative  to  the  North-West  Water  Boiiiulary  Question  submitted  to  Boderieh  FinUnjm. 

1.  About  1845-40,  had  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  any  fort  or  settlement  on  the  Fraser  Pivcr? 

2.  How  did  tratling-vessels  or  other  craft  comnumicate  with  that  fort  or  settlement  from  loai.'J 
parts,  and  from  other  settlements  on  the  Columbia  Piver  or  its  neighbourhood  I 

3.  TJie  date  of  the  Settlement  of  Fort  Laugley  on  I'raser  Itiver  >. 

4.  About  the  time  (jf  the  negotiation  of  the  Treaty  of  dune  18 -tG,  wdiat  was  the  common  opiiiioiM 
Great  Britain  insisting  on  the  4'.Jlh  parallel  being  dellecled  in  a  siailherly  direction,  tlu'ough  the  8tni:J 
of  Fuca  to  the  Pacilie,  instead  of  cutting  through  Vancouver  Ishmd  ( 

5.  If  to  secure  access  to  the  possessions  to  the  n(a'thward  of  the  49°  parallel,  state  what  posscssKl 
Great  Britain  hehl  to  the  northward  of  4'.)°  and  where  t 

IJ.  If  the  free  navigati(jn  of  tho  straits  and  adjacent  channel  was  not  guaranteed  to  Great  Brit;ii3| 
Low  could  ucce.ss  be  obtained  to  those  po.ssessions  north  of  49°  ? 

7.  "When  the  Treaty  was  signed  in  June  1840,  and  previous  to  that  date,  which  channel  was  kii"';j 
and  used  by  vessels  amongst  thu  islands  forming  the  Arcdiipelagos  between  A'ancouver'.s  Island 
the  continent,  to  get  access  to  our  dominitjns  north  of  49°  ] 

<S.  Fcu'ward  iiroofs  ami  alHdavits,  legally  attested,  by  captains  of  vessels  and  others  who  maJi! 
of  thu  channel  then  known,  and  their  reasons  for  making  use  of  it. 

9.  Pluvious  to  the  signing  of  the  Treaty  in  1840,  and  also  at  that  time,  how  many  channels  «ii 
known  to  be  navigable  amongst  the  islands  forming  the  Ai'chipclago  between  Vancouver  Island  ~\ 
thu  Continent  of  America  ( 

I,  Poderick  Finlayson,  of  ■\'^ictoria,  Vancouver  Island,  in  the  Province  of  British  Colum'i 
Dcjiniiiiou  of  Canada,  Chief  Factor  iu  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  do  .solcmuly  luij  Bincsitly  dticliuni 
fvllows  1— 


Declaii 

fptember,  [ 

(4 


tc  Doclnvalioin 
1  iUulAIVidaviis 

•  (1.  LEWIS. 

171. 


ift  (lociiraont,  i^  f. 
ic  is  vcsiik'Ut  uii'l 


M.l  ll 


City  <if  Vict"vi^. 
iiud  v'wt-'^'""' '" 

siou  ol'  riivlr.nuur. 

koll    rtUll     WM\i^    ill 

■vfof  ami  t'"i'  *''■• 
,„l  to  niiil<u  iiilur 
,.,,VtlRi  iliito  lii'iv"!' 
\  in  Uic  Ut'i'liii'ali.i! 
sid.'iim  (UrlimlMi  1 

ly  aei-'lllVO  U)  111'  IV 

iUii>»- 

and  Iwvi'  i;iu 

l. 
ACKSOX, 

alf.u'lu'd,  is  a  N"Wy 
foUiuiliiii,  l'<)i"i'i"» 

-lUi   diiy  of  UctuKi, 


Eoderick  Tiulaysoi 


JJofZcrie/j  Finlaym. 

^ntlieFraserEiver! 
^lllemcut  from  lnwU!^ 

the  conunon  opinioii'J 
tiou,  tlu-ougli  tlie  btni.. 

el,  statu  wliat  pos3t'5*< 
uuteed  to  Great  15viuv. 

Inch  channel  ^vasto.'^ 
Vaucuuvcr'iJ  Islanil  ^ 

aid  others  who  m^\<^ 

how  many  chaunelYv.l 
u  Vancouver  Islft'w  • 

-,ce  of  British  Colum'] 
y  iuid  siucei-cly  deaiu'' 


39 

I  have  hccn  on  the  North-west  Pncific  Const  since  a.d.  1840,  nnd  (hirin"  all  tliat  time  have  hccn  in 
the  Hudson's  ]5ay  Conipany's  enijiloy.  I  have  been  a  Chief  Factor  since  IS.V.I,  and  a  jjoyd's  A;,'ent 
since  1850,  and  ironi  A.D.  1844  to  1847  I  was  tlie  Chief  Ayent  of  tlie  lliidson's  Bay  Company  at 
Victoria. 

Iicferrinf,'  to  the  interrogatories  relative  to  the  north-west  water  l)oundaiy-qiiostion  hereunto 
annexed,  marked  F,  shown  to  me  at  the  time  of  making  tliis  Declaration,  in  answer  to  the  first 
interrogatory,  1  (k'clare  as  aforesaid. 

1.  That  about  A.D.  1845  and  1840  tlie  Hudson's  Bay  Company  had  a  .settlement  at  Langley,  on  tho 
Fia.ser  Hiver,  iind  the  said  ,setth>nient  existed  .since  1827  or  1828. 

2.  In  answer  to  tlio  .second  interrogiitory,  I  declare  us  afon -laid  that,  up  to  A. P.  184o  and  lS4(i, 
Hadson's  liay  Conijjauy's  ships,  bound  from  Honolulu,  in  tlie  Samlwich  Islands,  from  Fort  Vancouver, 
on  the  Columbia  Itiver,  and  .San  Francisco  and  Sitka,  to  Laiigley,  ]iassod  through  Fuca's  Stiails  and 
liosario  Straits  ;  also  vessels  trading  between  Fort  Is'isijually  and  Langley  used  to  pass  through  Ilosario 

Strait. 

;!.  In  answer  to  tho  third  interrogatory,  I  declare  ns  afoivsaid,  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge, 
iuformaliou,  and  belief,  Langley,  on  the  Fraser  liiver,  was  .settled  about  the  year  1827  or  1828. 

4.  In  answer  to  tho  fourth  interrogatory  1  declare  as  aforesaid  that,  aljout  the  time  of  tlui  negotia- 
tion of  tho  Ti-eaty  of  dune  184(),  the  common  opinion  as  to  the  object  of  Great  Britain  in  insisting  on 
tlie  41Hli  i)arallel  Ijeiug  deflected  in  a  .southerly  direction,  and  through  the  Straits  of  Fuea  to  the  I'acilic, 
instead  of  cutting  tlnongh  Vancouver  J^iland,  was  that  it  was  to  secure  access  to  her  pos.sessions  to  the 
northward  of  the  4'.)tli  ])arallel  thrcaigh  the  Straits  of  Fuea. 

,"i.  In  answer  to  the  filth  inteiTogatoiy,  I  declare  as  aforesaid  that  G-rcat  Britain  then  held  British 
Culuni':!.!,  ii|i  to  ]iarallel  of  north  latitude  54"  40',  and  Vancouver  Island. 

li.  In  answei'  to  the  sixth  intciTogatory  I  declare  as  aforesaid  that,  if  the  free  navigation  of  the 
straits  and  adjacent  channel  was  not  guaranteed  by  Great  Britain,  access  could  only  be  secured  and 
olitained  to  those  pos.sessions  by  slii])s  going  to  the  westward  of  Vancouver  Island  ;  ancl  as  regai'ds  thoso 
prissessions  on  the  coa.st  of  British  Cohiiubia,  between  the  51st  and  49th  iiarallel,  access  woidd  have  to 
Ll'  .sought  through  a  sti'ait  which  is  intricate  and  ditlicult  of  navigation  by  reason  of  the  strength  of  tho 
tides. 

7  and  8.  In  aiLSwer  to  the  seventh  nnd  eighth  questions,  I  declare  as  aforesaid  that,  when  tho  Treaty 
k.is  signed  in  June  184G,  and  previous  to  that  date,  the  channel  which  was  known  and  used  by  vessels 
Lmongst  the  islands  forming  the  Archijielago  between  Vancouver  Island  and  tiie  continent,  to  get  access 
lt<i  the  dominions  of  Great  Britain  north  of  the  4'Jth  parallel,  was  the  Strait  of  I'osario,  and  that  channel 
louly;  and  it  was  the  only  surveyed  channel. 

0.  In  answer  to  the  ninth  interrogatory,  I  declare  as  aforesaid  that,  previous  to  the  signing  of  tho 
reiity  in  1840,  and  also  at  that  time,  the  only  channel  known  to  bo  navigable  amongst  the  islands 
timing  the  Archipelago  between  Vancouver  I.sland  and  the  Continent  was  the  Strait  of  Hosario. 

And  I  further  declare  iis  aforesaid  that,  in  A.D.  184(1,  I  went  front  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company's 
btaiinn  at  Ni.squally,  I'uget  Sound,  in  the  steamer  "  Heaver,"  to  Sitka,  through  Bosnrio  Strait,  and 
^itocn  Strait;  and,  in  a.d.  1843,  I  returned  from  Sitka  and  other  .stations  through  Johnson  Strait  and 
isario  Strait  to  Vancouver  Island  in  the  "  ISeaver." 

I'revious  tf)  A.D.  1840  Itosario  Strait  was  the  channel  for  vcs,sela  coining  to  Victoria  from  Fiuser 
i!i\C'i'  and  the  North-west  Pacific  Coast,  or  going  from  Victoria  thereto. 

And  I,  lioilerick  Finlaysou,  above-named,  solemnly  declare  that  I  nnd<e  tho  above  statements 
(iiiH-icnlinusly  lielieving  the  same  to  lie  true,  and  liy  virtue  of  tlie  provi.siuns  of  an  Act  made  and 
K'.-i'il  in  the  sixth  year  of  the  reign  of  His  Majt'sty  King  William  J  V,  intituhul  "  An  Act  to  ];e])eal  an 
Itl  of  the  present  Session  of  Parliament,  intituled  'An  Act  for  the  more  elfectual  Abolition  ol' Oaths 

I  Animiations  taken  and  made  in  various  Departments  of  tho  State,  and  to  sulistitute   Declarations 
lii'a  thereof,  and  for  tho  more  entire  Supju'cssion  of  voluntary  and  extrajudicial  Oxtlis  and  Allidavils', 

II  to  make  other  Provisions  for  tho  Abolition  of  unnecerisary  Oaths.' " 

(Signed)  liODK.  FINLAYSON. 


Appendix. 


Declared  At  Victoria,  in  the  Province  of  British  Columbia,  Dominion  of  Canada,  this  30th  day  of 
Jptember,  1871. 

Before  me : 
(Signed)  BoBT.  E.  JacksojJ, 

Notary  PMict  ^  ^    "^^ 


Tirii-rri  I 


G  2 


Appendix. 


40 


No.  VI. 


No.  VI. 


Attested  Copy  of  tlio  Log  of  Her  Majesty's  Steam-sliip  "  Cormorant,"  in  the  Months  of  September 

and  October  184C. 


19th  (lay  of  September,  1846.— At  Fisgard  Harbour. 


1 

Wine 

. 

j 

Height 
of 

1 

a 

Standard 

1 

CO 

0 

Compass 

is 

Weather. 

o 

d 

fi 

Remtrka. 

X 

n 

1 

Counvs. 

1 

& 

< 

i 

M 

!■) 

S.W.  .. 

1 

o.g.c. 

A.H. 

b, — Lighted  fire  under  after  boilers. 

2 

6  '20.— Steam  up,  unmoored  ship ;   liott 

3 

At  anchor  in  Fisgard  Har- 

into 12  fathoms  on  B.B. 

4 

bour. 

C'30. — Weighed  and  proceeded    nut  nl 

5 

harbour  working  expansively,  cutting  o( 

6 

••            ••            •• 

Calm  .. 

0 

o.c.m. 

at  1/5  stroke. 

7' 

Proceeding  to  the  caatward, 

8.— Trial  Island  West,  1)  m.     Emplojtil 

8 

nortli  of  Smith's  Island, 

East    .. 

1 

cm. 

clearing  deck  and  ship  below. 

9 

for  pasaagi;  east  of  Saddle 

E.N.E. 

Noon.-Saddle  Island,  N.W.  by  N.  2ni. 

10 

Island  and  Rocks  for  west 

, , 

2 

g.c.m. 

Tons.    cut. 

11. 

point  of  Strawberry  Bay. 

,, 

3 

Expended— Coals     2        19 

Noon 

.. 

■• 

2 

Wood     3        16 

P.M. 

n 

5.— Sounded  off  Point  Roberta,  50  fmi. 

2 

Proceeding  to  the  northward, 

E.N.E. 

1 

b.c.m. 

.')  -M. — Eased,  stopped  and  came  to  will 

3 

wust  of  Strawburry  Island, 

Cahn  .. 

0 

B.B.   in    11    fms.     Veered  to  48  fm. 

4 

for  Birch  Bay  and  Point 

,  , 

,  , 

cm. 

Banked   up   fires.     Point    Roberts  S, 

5 

Roberta. 

,  , 

g.c.m. 

55°  E.     South   Point   Frazer's  Rim, 

6j 

•  •             1*             ■  * 

N.E.  .. 

1 

o.c.d. 

N.  48°  W. 

7" 

^^ 

2 

8 

9  . 
10 

"J 
Midat. 

At    anchor    ondor     Point 

N.N.E. 

3 

2 

1 

Robarts. 

•  • 

•  ■ 

o.c. 
c.r. 

• 

• 

••            «• 

•  • 

t* 

c.r. 

5th  day  of  October,  1846.— From  gangster's  Harbour  to  Birch  Bay. 


w 


4 
5 

1} 

9 

10 

11 

Noon 


1 
2 
3 

4J 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 

IlJ 
Midnt. 


At    anchor    in    Sangiter'a 
Harbour. 


Proceeding  out 
E.S.E.    towards 
Roberta. 


Point 


Proceeding  eastward,  towards 
Point  Roberta  and  Birch 
Bay. 


At  anchor  in  Birch  Bay. 


Gut  .. 

1 

b.c. 

E.N.E. 

2 

.. 

.. 

c. 

Easterly 

E.S.E. 

S.E.byE. 

•• 

b.c 

E.S.E. 

3 

b.c. 

East. 

2 

S.E. 

South.. 

1 

c. 

AM. 

Kires  banked.    4  'SO.— Drew  fires  for«iii| 

4  '45. — Steam  up.      5. — Weights]  aoJl 

proceeded  out  to  the  eastward,  worfal 

two  after  boilers  cipansively,  cutting  ii| 

at  1/C  of  stroke. 

C  ';in.— East  Point,  Sangster  Island,  S.SZ| 

9. — Exercised  at  General  Quarter!. 

10'45.— Sounded  50  fms. 

Noon.— Point  Gray,  N.   45°  E.     I'ocl 

Roberta,  S.  83°  E. 
Lat.  obs.  49°  8'  N. 

Tons.    cwl. 
Expended— Coals      8         2 
Wood     6         0 

P.M. 

0  '45. — Entered  discoloured  water 
Frozer's  River.  4. — Point  Uol>n 
N.N.W.  3  m.  5  '30.— Eased,  stopfe 
came  to  with  B.B.  in  Birrh  Hat  - 
7  fms.,  and  veered  to  32  fms.  Harlil 
up  fires.  Point  Roberts,  S.  K'  *| 
Called  the  North  Point  of  Bny,  Iwn^ 
N.  47°  W.  Point  Lacy  after  tlicJL| 
Lieutenant;  South  Point  of 
white  bluff  S.  4 1°  E.  Point  Null  >^ 
the  Surgeon  of  the  ship. 

Midnight. — Fires     banked     undir 
boilers. 


41 


lis  of  September 


Otii  (lay  of  October,  184G. 


Appendix. 


Standard 
Compnta 
Cuurai'a, 


2 
6 

9 
10 
11 

Noon 


At  anchor  in  Birch  Baj. 

Proceeding  out  woetward  of 
Cyprus  Island  towarda 
Saddle  Island,  towarda 
Smith's  and  Trial  Island. 


;} 


2 

4 
5 
6 

? 

8j 

9 
10 
U 

MidDt, 


Proceeding  for  Port  Victoria. 
At  anchor  In  Port  Victoria. 


Remarks. 


A.M. 

4  -30.— Drew  the  fires  forward. 
•J-I.-Sfcam  up.      I  -50.— Wuiglicd  and 
proceeded  out  to  the  southward  w.irkini 
wpansjvuly  cutting  off  at  1/fi  of  stroke. 
HnT  J  ""ward     of     Quinlan's 

B^k,,  named  after  th..  2nd  Lieutenant 
of  this  sh,p  7  •4,'i.-Ofr  the  north  end 
nf  Cyprus  Island.  ™lk,,l  th,.  N.w  Point. 
Hear horough  Bluff,  after  the  Master  of 
tne  Cadboro. 
8.— Saddle  Island  SJ  E.     8-20.-Pas„.d 

the  S.W.  point  of  Cyprus  Isla;,d,c«n;.d 
It  Fmlaison  Point,  after  the  offirer  in 
charge  of  Fort  Victoria.  9.-E„.rci»,.d 
at  General  Quarters.     lO.-Looaed  sails 

Tons.    cwt. 
Expended— Coal       9  4 

Wood     1  8 

P.M.  ° 

^'~^^l^'  s'oppetl.  «nd  camo  to  with  B.B 
Z  «  f""-     ye"<"l  to  40  fms.,  banked 
up  tires.    Points  of  entrance,  S.  74*  E 
andS.74   W.     Rooky  Point  S  25' W.' 
Employed  cutting  wood  for  fuel. 

2.- Furled  sails,  unbent  maintopsail. 

Ship's  Draught— Forward  14  feet. 

Aft  15    „ 

Remaming  Water,  20  tons. 


I  AdrnvraUi/,  Sommt  Souse,  Mvembcr  16, 1871.  (Signed)  A.  SCOTT. 


4  '30.— Drew  firesfonwJ  I 
up.      5.— Weighed  m' I 


